Skip to main content

Full text of "History of his own time"

See other formats 


V7A 


>^?  -rniT-KTri-nrnAUT      TVT       T  'V'* 


PRINCETON,  N.  J. 


Collection  of  Puritan  Literature. 


Division         ....S*T!^ ""^— - 

Section         [  f  >■?  —^ 

Number 


f 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/sowntOOpark 


•/ 


Bp.  PARKERs 

H  I  STO  R  Y 


O  F 


His  Own  Time 


I 


BISHOP  PARKER'S 

HISTORY 
Of  His  Own  Time. 

IN     FOUR     BOOKS. 


Faithfully  Tranflated  from  the  Latin  Original, 

fy THOMAS  NEfVLJN,  M.A. 

Vicar  of  Beeding  in  SuJ/ex,  and  late  Fellow 
of  Magdalen  College  in  Oxford. 


LONDON: 

Printed  for  Charles  Rivington  at  the 
Bible  and  Crown  in  St.  Paul's  Church-yard. 

M.  DCr,  XXVII- 


(  '  ) 
Bp.  PARKEKs 

H  I  STO  R  Y 

O  F 

His  Own  Time, 

In  FOUR   BOOKS. 
BOOK-    L 


WHEN  Charles  the  fecond  was  i<56o» 
rcturn'd  to  the  kingdoms  of 
his  anceltors,  to  the  great  joy 
of  aimoft  all  his  fubje&s,  we  hop'd  for 
a  golden  and  better  than  Satnrnian  age  > 
and  every  one  promifed  himfeif  that  the 
Throne  would  be  cftablifh'd  to  all  ages, 
and  the  peace  of  the  Church  reftor'd  for 
ever,  and  the  perfed  tranquillity  of  the 
B  Nation 


* 


Br.  Park  e  r's  History 

Nation  would  continue  at  lead  for  fc~ 
vcral  generations.  For  all  the  dates  of 
the  kingdom  vied  with  one  another,  to 
enlarge  the  King's  authority,  to  guard  a- 
gainft  all  the  fubterfuges  and  ftrong  holds 
of  rebellion,  to  abjure,  and  require  all 
the  people  to  abjure  and  renounce  the 
Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  the  bond 
and  cement  of  the  Presbyterian  war. 
All  the  cuftoms  and  duties  upon  foreign 
and  domeftick  goods  (from  whence  for- 
mer rebellions  fprung)  were  given  to  the 
King  during  life,  by  acT:  of  Parliament ; 
the  whole  power  of  the  militia  was 
veiled  in  the  King  alone,  and  the  Church 
was  reinftated  in  the  fullncfs  of  its  an- 
cient jurifdiction.  And  laftly,  all  true 
loyalifts  rejoie'd  that  they  had  at  length 
cfcap'dfrom  the  calamities  of  war,  from 
forfeitures  and  fcqucftrations,  and  even 
from  death  itfelf :  and  the  very  Fana- 
ticks  themfelves  were  tranfportcd  with 
unexpected  joy,  becaufe  they  were  per- 
mitted to  live.  What  Throne  could  be 
more  firmly  cftabliflVd,  than  that  of  a 
King  that  was  reftor'd  with  fo  great  joy 
2,  of 


•  ••> 


Of  his  own  Time*  $' 

of  his  fubjc&s  from  a  rebellion  that 
was  frefh  in  their  memory  >  What  Em- 
pire could  be  more  free  from  the  dan- 
ger of  civil,  or  rather  of  rebellious  wars, 
(for  there  can  be  no  war  between  the 
people  of  the  fame  kingdom,  wherein 
thofe  that  are  againft  the  King  arc  not 
rebels  to  a  man)  than  that  of  a  King, 
upon  whom  all  the  flates  of  the  king- 
dom, and  cfpccially  thofe  who  had  con- 
tended with  his  Father  for  the  fupreme 
power,  endeavourd  to  heap  all  autho- 
rity and  power?  Moreover,  when  the 
King  himfelfhad,  with  clemency  aimed: 
unheard  of,  oblig'd  his  enemies,  and 
bound  them  to  him  by  an  act  of  in- 
demnity ;  when  the  people  had  too  long 
felt  all  the  mifcries  of  rebellion  ;  when 
there  were  neither  pretences,  nor  leaders, 
nor  followers  (as  we  imagin'd)  to  raife 
feditions  and  tumults,  what  could  we 
hope  for,  but  almoit  an  heavenly  king- 
dom ?  Efpecially  when  capital  punifli- 
ment  being  inflicted  upon  the  unnatu- 
ral murderers  of  the  beft  of  Kings  (tho* 
even  of  them  as  many  were  fpar'd,  as 
B  2  repenting 


Bp.  Parker's  History 

repenting  of  their  guilt  furrendred  them- 
felves  to  the  King's  mercy)  all  the  reft 
were  permitted  to  enter  into  one  fo- 
cicty,  or  (as  there  ought  to  be  between 
country-men  and  fellow-citizens )  into 
one  league  of  friendfhip.  And  that  all 
fear  and  fufpicion  might  be  remov'd  , 
every  one's  honour  and  property  was 
confirmed  by  Law.  And  that  the  en- 
tire remembrance  of  pafl  animofities 
might  be  blotted  out  by  eternal  oblivion, 
the  loyal  fubjefts  were  ftri&ly  forbidden 
to  upbraid  the  guilty  with  their  for- 
mer wickednefs.  And  to  give  the  re- 
bels greater  affix rancc  of  fafety,  not  a 
few  of  them  were  received  into  the 
King's  favour,  into  the  higheft  offices 
of  the  Court,  and  the  Kingdom,  and 
even  into  the  Privy   Council. 

But  fo  ungrateful  is  the  temper  of 
rebels,  that  they  return  injuries  for  kind- 
neffes,  and  like  ferpents  fting  and  poi- 
fon  thofe  that  refrefh  them.  For  when 
they  perceiv'd  themfelves  reviving  in  the 
King's  bofom,  when  they  found  that  all 
their  crimes  were  blotted  out  for  ever, 
3  by 


Of  his  own  Time. 

by  the  Aft  of  Oblivion,  and  all  their 
pofleflions  and  riches  gotten  by  the  war, 
(which  juft  before  they  would  gladly 
have  given  up ,  provided  they  might 
have  liv'd  upon  any  terms,)  were  now 
granted  to  them,  as  if  they  were  the 
rewards  of  their  rebellion  5  they  were 
prefently  fo  bafe  and  malevolent,  as  to 
difperfe  their  poifons  thro'  the  kingdom, 
and  dart  their  flings  into  the  very  bo- 
fom  of  the  King.  And  tho'  for  a  long 
time  they  could  avail  nothing,  yet  there 
was  no  difappointment  of  their  labours 
(how  great  foever)  which  could  deter 
thefe  wicked  men  from  their  unnatural 
endeavours  againft  their  country.  And 
ibme  that  were  but  too  happy,  rag  d  with 
fuch  extravagant  madnefs,  that  they  car'd 
not,  tho*  their  own  houfes  perifh'd  in 
the  flames,  if  they  could  but  kindle  a 
general  conflagration. 

But  of  thefe  hereafter.  There  were 
others,  who  being  ftripp'd  of  all  their 
fortunes,  which  they  had  gotten  by  re- 
bellion and  facrilcge,  hop'd  that  they 
fhould  trover  their  antient  honour,  if 
B  3  they 


Bp.  Parkers  History 

thcv  could  again  overturn  the  kingdom* 
There  were  four  forts  of  thefe  men, 
the  disbanded  officers  of  Cromwell's  ar- 
my ,  the  bufy  holders  -  forth  of  fedi- 
tlon,  the  members  of  the  late  Rump 
Parliament ,  and  laftly,  all  facrilegious 
pcribns ,  who  had  loft  the  plundered 
revenues  of  the  Church  and  the  Crown. 
Thefe  immediately  entrcd  into  a  fepa- 
ratc  combination  oppofite  to  kingly  go- 
vernment, by  a  (beret  correfpondencc 
with  each  other.  To  carry  on  the  intercft 
of  this  confederacy,  they  held  a  great 
affembly  at  London,  made  up  of  a  con- 
courfe  of  all  thefe  different  forts,  which 
governed  their  inferior  meetings  in  coun- 
try towns  and  villages.  By  which  cor- 
refpondencc, if  they  had  gaind  nothing 
clfe,  they  certainly  compafs'd  this  main 
point,  that  they  kept  up  a  drift  alli- 
ance between  their  feveral  factions. 
And  they  were  fo  compacted,  and  as  it 
were  glew'd  together,  that  they  feem'd 
to  be  not  only  united  as  partners  and 
accomplices  in  the  fame  conspiracy , 
but   as  members   of  one  family.     And 

they 


Of  his  own  Time. 

they  convcrs'd  in  their  own  country, 
like  ftrangcrs,  as  the  Jews  that  arc  ex- 
iles in  every  part  of  the  world ,  and 
incorporated  with  none.  They  would 
allow  of  no  focicty  with  the  reft  of  the 
kingdom,  no  friendfhips,  no  intermar- 
riages, no  commerce  but  with  them- 
felvcs.  No  men  nor  maid-fervants 
were  admitted  into  their  families,  un- 
lcfs  they  would  ftipulate  and  bind  them- 
felvcs  in  the  fame  holy  bond.  By  this 
not  only  the  old  veteran  rebels  kept 
their  ground,  but  their  fa&ion  every 
where  increased  with  a  large  accellion 
of  profelytcs.  And  there  was  yet  a 
more  fecret  committee  that  prcfidcd  over 
their  affairs.  This  confided  of  about 
fixty  officers  of  Cromwell's  army,  who 
had  their  weekly  cabals  at  London,  and 
ftil'd  themfclves  the  chief  Council  of 
the  Nation,  and  therefore  call'd  each 
other  by  mutual  names  of  affinity,  af- 
ter the  manner  of  the  King,  who  calls 
his  Nobility  of  the  Privy  Council  by 
the  name  of  Coufins.  And  they  go- 
vcrn'd  the  fcvcral  provinces  that  were 
B  4  under; 


8  Bp.  Parker's  History 


■ 


under  them  with  the  fame  authority, 
as  they  had  formerly  goverrid  their 
commonwealth.  By  their  command  of- 
ficers were  fent  forth  into  their  provin- 
ces to  raifc  foldiers  ;  and  fpies  difpatch'd 
to  get  intelligence,  and  carry  on  a  cor- 
refpondence  with  fafety ;  and  feditious 
preachers  eftablifh'd  in  their  proper  fta- 
tions.  By  which  means  it  happen'd, 
that  they  attempted  nothing  fcparately, 
but  whatever  cnterprize  was  undertaken, 
was  done  by  order  of  their  common 
council.  For  tho'  various  confpiracies 
broke  out  in  different  places,  yet  they 
were  all  guided  by  thofc  counfcls  that 
were  dirfus'd  and  fpread  through  every 
part  of  the  King's  dominions.  All 
which  was  afterwards  plainly  difcovcr'd, 
by  the  teftimonics  of  their  accompli- 
ces dciivcr'd  in  open  court,  by  the  con- 
feffions  of  perfons  convicted,  and  by 
intercepted  letters. 

The  King  had  fcarcely  rcfreflrd  him- 
felf  after  his  long  banifhment,  when 
they,  giving  neither  him  nor  thcmfelves 
any  time  to  reft,  began  to  raife  the  tide 

of 


Of  his  own  Time.  9 

of  a  civil  war  on  every  fide.  For  where- 
as he  return'd  but  at  the  end  of  May, 
they  had  every  thing  ready  for  war  before 
it  was  quite  Midfummer.  *The  night 
was  appointed,  in  which  they  fhould  feize 
the  towers  of  London  and  TVindfor,  the 
two  ftrongeft  defences  of  the  King's 
palace,  and  alfo  rife  in  arms  in  the 
weftcrn  and  northern  counties.  But  when 
all  their  defigns  were  daily  difcovcr'd 
to  the  King,  he  fcafonably  took  their 
principal  leaders  into  cuftody.  Amongft 
theft  was  Holmes  a  Colloncl,  who,  twen- 
ty five  years  after,  was  taken  in  Mon- 
mouth's rebellion,  and  executed  in  the 
eightieth  year  of  his  age.  Thefe  con- 
fefs'd  and  begg'd  pardon  for  their  faults 
before  the  King,  and  difcovcr'd  the  ge- 
neral confpiracy  that  was  form'd  to 
turn  the  kingly  government  into  a 
commonwealth.  And  they  who  feem'd 
to  repent  in  carneft,admoninYd  him  to  be- 
ware of  fudden  rifings  every  day,  telling 


*  See  the  Chancellor's  fpeech  to  the  Parliament 
Dec.  29,    1660. 

him 


io        Bp.  Parker's  History 

him  that  the  fchifmaticks  would  never  be 
quiet  5  that  as  often  as  he  cut  off  the  heads 
of  one  rebellion,  others  would  prefent> 
ly  fpring  forth,  as  long  as  the  fanatical 
Hydra  furviv'd  $  and  they  would  never 
want  the  will  and  inclination  to  rebel. 
And  to  give  them  their  due,  they  nei- 
ther deceiv'd  themfclves  nor  the  Kins 
in  this  prophecy  5  for  they  fow'd  new 
rebellions  every  year ,  and  the  King 
reap'd  a  new  harveft  of  rebels. 

But  the  head,  and  even  the  dictator 
of  all  conspiracies,  was  Ludlow  ;  who, 
tho'  driven  into  banilhmcnt,  did  yet 
govern  all  their  counfels.  Neither  did 
they  do  any  thing,  but  what  he  com- 
manded :  And  this  principally  encrcas'd 
the  courage  of  the  faction,  that  he  pro- 
mis'd  to  aiTift  and  fupport  every  rebel- 
lion. For  he  was  a  brave  and  warlike 
man,  bold,  and  hot,  not  only  a  mur- 
thcrcr  of  his  King,  but  the  moll  inve- 
terate enemy  of  the  royal  caufe :  For 
he  had  bound  himfelf  by  oath,  never 
to  make  his  peace  with  his  King  ;  and 
that  he  would  not  accept  of  it,  if  the  King 

would 


Of  his  own  Time.  n 

would  voluntarily  offer  him  his  pardon 
and  his  favour,  but  would  wage  per- 
petual war  with  all  tyrants  (for  fo  they 
eall'd  the  royal  line  : )  And  though  he 
fail'd  in  many,  and  great  attempts,  yet 
he  continued  to  raife  new  commotions. 
Next  to  him  was  <Dan<versy  a  notorious 
Anabaptift  in  Cromwell's  army,  who 
goes  on  even  to  this  day,  heaping  one 
villany  upon  another  5  and  for  a  frefh 
inftancc  of  trcafon  juft  now  committed 
in  Monmouth's  rebellion,  is  either  fled, 
or  lurking  in  fecret  places,  to  fave  his 
neck  from  the  halter. 

In  the  next  year  (which  was  1661.)  1661, 
the  25th  of  Jan.  broke  out  the  mad- 
nefs  of  Venner,  a  New-England  Cooper, 
at  the  head  of  a  rabble  of  forty  en- 
thufiafts ,  which  acofe  and  expir'd  al- 
moft  the  fame  day ,  within  the  city 
of  London.  I  fhould  have  eall'd  them 
new  monftcrs  of  fanaticifm,  had  not 
Africa  formerly  brought  forth  its  Cir- 
cumcellions  ,  and  Germany  in  the  laft 
age  fwarm'd  with  Anabaptifls.  Thcfe 
having  fprung  from  the  dregs  of  Crom- 


welh 


ii        Bp.  Parker's  History 

well's  rebellion,  becaufe  they  had  firft 
appcar'd  in  war,  believ'd  thcmfelvcs  to 
be  the  very  life-guard  of  King  Jesus, 
who  would  in  fome  time  return  to  this 
world,  to  raife  a  fifth  monarchy  ;  and 
that  therefore  he  had  commanded  them 
to  prepare  the  way  for  him  by  (laugh- 
ter and  blood,  and  the  deftru&ion  of 
the  wicked  $  and  that  he  would  not  be 
wanting  to  fecond  their  endeavours. 
Hereupon  the  mad  rabble  rufh'd  into 
every  kind  of  danger,  neither  did  they 
confider  what  they  were  able  to  do,  but 
attempted  whatever  they  thought  of.  Be- 
fore they  had  put  on  arms,  which  they  did 
in  a  fecret  conventicle,  Vertner  made  a 
fernion,  making  ufe  of  this  facrcd  text, 
One  jhall  chafe  a-jaay  ten,  and  ten  fhall 
put  a  thoufand  to  flight ;  which  fuccefs 
he  promis'd  his  followers,  as  a  prophet 
lent  down  from  heaven.  In  the  libel 
in  which  they  proclaimed  the  caufes  of 
the  war,  they  laid,  that  their  enemies 
would  not  dare  to  touch  the  hairs  of 
their  head  5  that  they  were  chofen  for 
this  lingular  work  of  the  Lord,  and  they 

would 


Of    his  own  Time.  if 

would  never  fheath  their  fwords  till  they 
had  made  Babylon  ( for  fo  they  cali'd 
Monarchy)  an  hijjmg  and  a  curfe  ;  and 
there  fhould  be  none  remaining,  nor 
Jon,  nor  grandfon  among  all  its  people. 
And  when  they  had  led  captivity  cap- 
tive in  England,  they  would  carry  their 
arms  into  foreign  nations,  France ',  and 
Spam,  and  Germany,  and  would  call  to- 
gether their  brethren  thro'  all  countries, 
to  aflift  them  againfl:  the  IVhore :  that 
they  would  make  no  truce  nor  peace 
with  the  monarchies,  (for  that  was  their 
word)  but  would  always  rife  againfl:  the 
carnal  to  poffefs  the  gate ',  (therefore  they 
us'd  the  word  gate  as  their  watch- word,) 
and  to  bind  their  Kings  in  chains,  and 
their  Nobles  in  links  of  iron.  With  the fe 
charms  they  were  fo  taken,  that  forty 
villains  doubted  not  but  that  they  mould 
cafily  vanquifh,  not  only  a  great  and  po- 
pulous city,  but  even  the  whole  world  ; 
yet  the  fierceft  of  them  died  by  the 
(word,  and  the  reft  at  the  gallows. 

Hitherto  thefe  were  not  wars,  but  pre- 
ludes of  war,  or  rather  the  tumults  and 

feditions 


14        Bp.  Parker's  History 

feditions  of  a  few  hot-brain'd  men  that 
could  not  be  confmd  within  due  bounds. 
For  the  confpiracy  was  not  lodg'd  only 
with  thefe  few  mad  enthufiafts  ,  but 
fpread  over  the  whole  nation ;  neither 
did  a  week  pafs,  as  'tis  faid,  in  which  a 
plot  againft  the  King  s  life  was  not  dif- 
covcr'd.  Innumerable  letters  of  fanaticks 
of  every  faction  and  county  were  in- 
tercepted, in  which  they  exhorted  one 
another  to  do  the  work  of  the  Lord  di- 
ligently. 

In  the  county  of  T>evon,  in  a  vault 
dug  in  the  houfe  of  one  Tearfon,  a  noto- 
rious villain  amongft  the  fanaticks,  a  vaft 
quantity  of  arms  was  found  $  and  ten- 
ner had  before  gone  round  this  part  of 
the  kingdom.  Two  hundred  letters 
were  alio  feizd  that  were  cntruftcd  with 
one  of  their  mcfTengcrs,  to  be  deliver  d 
to  their  brethren  at  London,  promifing 
the  grcatcft  zeal  in  their  caufc.  The 
fame  night  in  which  Venner  appear 'd 
with  his  followers  at  London,  it  was 
obicrv'd  by  the  inhabitants  of  Lincoln- 
shire,   that   the  Anabaptifts  rode  about 

that 


Op  his  own  Time.'  15 

that  county,  as  if  fomc  important  affair 
was  in  agitation.  And  a  Letter  came 
forth  at  the  lame  time  written  by  a 
certain  Anabaptift  nam'd  Miilenex-,  to 
one  of  the  family  of  the  Quakers  nam'd 
JellicOy  concerning  a  rebellion  form'd 
at  ChcfieVy  to  this  effe£t :  "  I  wifh  thee 
u  and  thy  friends  well  5  we  arc  all  well. 
"  See  that  thou  be'ft  faithful  to  thy 
"  friends.  I  tell  thee  we  arc  grown 
cc  to  a  great  number,  to  at  lcaft  fix 
"  thoufand.  I  would  have  thec  know 
"  this,  that  thou  mayft  impart  it  to  the 
tc  reft  of  the  brethren,  that  all  of  us  may 
"  meet  together  with  force  and  arms 
"  for  the  defence  of  the  truth.  We  are 
"  to  meet  at  Chefter  the  24th  of  the 
"  firft  month  {January).  Take  care  that 
"  thou  be'ft  mindful  of  that  day.  Nci- 
iC  thcr  do  thou  forget  to  be  prcfent 
"  with  thy  brethren/'  The  Quaker  (as 
he  ineenuoufly  faid)  being  ft  ruck  with 
this  audacious  wickednefs,  difcovcr'd  the 
matter  to  the  Mayor  of  Chefter,  and 
he  to  the  Earl  of  'Derby,  who  fending 
for  the  pcrfon  that  difcovcr'd  it,    and 

enquiring 


\6        Bp.  Parker's  History 

enquiring  many  things  concerning  the 
confpiracy,  prcfently  rais'd  the  militia 
in  Chefiire>  and  the  County  Palatine  of 
Lancafter,  which  his  anceftors  had  go- 
vern'd  for  feveral  ages.  And  the  mat- 
ter being  alfo  communicated  to  the 
Lieutenants  of  cDerbyJhire,  Staffordjhire, 
Shropfiire,  We  ft  mor  eland,  Cumberland, 
and  the  Weft  Riding  of  Torkjbire,  and 
all  their  forces  being  therefore  in  a 
readinefs,  and  Cromwell's  officers  being 
every  where  fecur  d,  they  entirely  quell'd 
the  attempts  of  the  fadion  in  that  part 
of  the  kingdom.  But  tho*  this  fire  was 
happily  extinguiuYd,  yet  feveral  fparks 
of  it  broke  out  in  different  places. 
Even  Wales  itfelf,  that  to  this  day  had 
been  unaccuftom'd  to  rebellion,  now 
firft  of  all  concciv'd  fuch  dreadful  mon- 
gers, and  was  aftoniftYd  at  the  new  and 
unufual  birth.  But  fifteen  of  the  officers 
of  Cromwell's  fa&ion  being  taken,  fhe 
has  now  freed  her  felf  from  fuch  ftrange 
prodigies.  But  altho'  rebels  in  Wales, 
like  vipers  in  Ireland,  are  kill'd  by  the 
very  temper  of  the  climate,  yet  in  late 

times 


Of  his  own  Time.  17 

times  in  our  England  they  {pawn 
almoft  every  month,  even  oftner  than 
toads,  as  if  they  fprung  of  themfclves, 
or  were  begotten  in  the  Presbyterian  re- 
bellion. For  before  the  end  of  the 
year,  on  the  23d  of  Nov.  a  meeting  of 
veteran  rebels  was  taken  at  London. 
Amongft  thefe  the  principal  were  dif- 
banded  officers  of  the  army,  Tecker, 
Streater,  Weilksy  Gladman,  Hems,  Lit- 
cotty  Kenricky  and  Ready  famous  names 
amongft  the  CronrjuellianSy  who  being 
feafonably  confin'd,  the  confpiracy  died 
in  the  very  birth,  excepting  that  a  little 
after,  John  James,  a  famous  preacher 
amongft  the  Fanaticks,  in  his  conventi- 
cle which  he  held  in  White -Chap  el- Street, 
taught  that  the  King,  the  Royal  Family, 
and  even  all  the  Nobility  ought  to  be 
kiirdj  commended  Venner  and  his  fol- 
lowers, as  martyrs,  and  exhorted  his 
flock  to  expiate  their  blood  by  an  im- 
pious parricide  :  which  being  attefted  by 
a  multitude  of  witneffes,  he  was  hang'd. 
But  when  they  would  not  be  at  reft, 
though  many  were  daily  put  in  prifon,  all 

C  the 


18        Br.  Parkers  History 

the  officers  that  had  been  in  Cromwell's 
army  were  commanded  to  remove  to 
twenty  miles  diftance  from  London,  and 
not  to  appear  with  arms  ;  which  unlefs 
they  did,  they  were  to  be  punifh'd  with 
imprifonment :  which  was  alfo  order'd  at 
the  fame  time  by  the  Privy  Council  of 
Ireland,  being  urg'd  by  the  fame  reafons. 
The  eleventh  day  of  'Dec.  the  Houfe 
of  Commons  in  England  deputed  fome 
of  their  members  to  wait  on  the  King, 
with  complaints,  that  they  had  receiv'd 
letters  and  meflages  from  almoft  every 
county  (for  fo  we  call  our  provinces) 
concerning  a  great,  or  rather  an  univer- 
fal  conlpiracy  againft  the  kingdom,  and 
to  befecch  him  to  defend  the  peace  of 
the  kingdom,  as  mould  feem  beft  to 
his  royal  wifdom,  againft  all  the  attempts 
Parlia-      of  the  rebels.     And  it  pleas'd  the  King 

Journals.  to  rcturn  an  anfwer  to  his  Parliament, 
in  which  he  friew'd  them  whence  it  arofe, 
how  it  was  difcover'd,  and  how  it  was 
form'd  :  That  there  was  a  common  con- 
fpiracy  of  all  the  fadions ;  that  their 
mod  important  affairs  were  manag'd  for 

that 


Of  his  own  Time.  19 

that  time  by  a  fecret  Committee  of 
twenty  one,  three  of  whom  were  cho- 
fen  out  of  each  of  the  fa&ions ;  that 
their  affairs  were  now  a  little  at  a  ftand, 
becaufe  he  had  confin'd  fome  of  their 
leaders,  but  in  the  mean  time,  the  plot 
was  laid  fo  wide,  that  without  their  af- 
fiftance  he  could  hardly  efcape  the  dan- 
ger. And  the  Parliament,  when  Chrift- 
mas  was  at  hand,  when  they  always  ad- 
journ for  the  holydays,  being  alarm'd 
at  the  bafenefs  of  the  confpiracy,  ap- 
pointed a  Committee  of  both  Houfes, 
to  lay  open  the  whole  villany,  by  the 
mod  plain  and  undoubted  proofs. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  following  1662* 
fpring  they  laid  the  whole  ftate  of  the 
matter  before  the  Parliament ;  that  now 
the  confpirators  were  more  clofely  con- 
fin'd,  and  many  more  taken,  and  amongft 
thele  the  chief  was  Salmon  one  of  Crom- 
well's Colonels,  who  had  drawn  up  a 
lift  of  a  hundred  and  fixty  officers  5 
that  all  of  them  met  at  London ,  the 
tenth  of  the  laft  ^December,  and  refolv'd 
with  themfelves  to  feize    many   cities 

C  2  and 


%o        Bp.  Parker's  History 

and  towns,  efpccially  Shrewsbury,  Co- 
ventry',  and  Briftol,  before  the  end  of 
Jantiary-,  that  therefore  the  moft  il- 
luftrious  Duke  of  Albemarle  had  fuffi- 
cicntly  fortified  thefe  places  with  garri- 
fons  out  of  his  troops  ;  that  they  intend- 
ed to  begin  their  rebellion  with  a  fud- 
den  maflacre  \  that  the  fugitive  regicides 
Were  at  hand,  upon  the  neighbouring 
coafls  of  France  and  Holland,  ready  to 
come  over  at  a  moment's  warning -y  that 
the  confpirators  had  openly  boaftcd,  that 
if  the  affair  was  once  fortunately  begun, 
they  did  not  doubt  of  a  happy  iffuc  5  that 
the  difcovery  of  thefe  things  was  made 
to  the  King,  by  one  of  their  Council 
of  twenty  one  $  and  laftly,  that  feveral 
tumults  on  all  hands  confirm'd  the  whole 
matter. 

Both  Houfes  being  provok'd  by  this 
fo  great  infolence  of  the  rebels,  pre- 
lently  obviated  fo  many  and  great  evils 
by  four  kinds  of  laws.  Their  firft 
care  was  of  the  militia,  as  being  of  the 
mod:  importance  for  keeping  the  peace 
in  dangerous  times.     Firft  they  decreed 

that 


Of  his  own  Time.  21 

that   all  the  power  of  the  militia  ever 
had  been,    was,    and   mould  be  in  the 
King  alone  5  and  that  it  was  not  lawful 
for  the  States  of  the  kingdom,     upon 
an     pretence  whatfoever,  no,  not  even 
in  h     Majefly's  defence,  to  raife  war  a- 
gainfi      le   King.      Then  they  enafted, 
that   by  th     Royal   Authority    foldiers 
might  be  rais'd  in  any  county,  city,  or 
town  ,    and  that  they  mould  be   com- 
manded by  whomfoever  the  King  mould 
appoint  5  that  they  mould  be  paid,  as  of- 
ten as  there  mould  be  occafion,  by  the 
inhabitants   of  the   county  5    that  once 
every  year  all  of  the  fame  county  mould 
rendezvous,    and   be  exercised  in  their 
arms   for   four   days  5    that  the   feverai 
companies  once  in  three  months  mould 
exercife  their  arms,    that  they  might  be 
always  ready  and  prepaid  for  war  5  that 
no  officer  or  foldier  mould  be  lifted  with- 
out taking  this  Oath,  "  That  it  is  a  de* 
"  teftable  thing  to  refift  the  King  upon 
"  any  pretence,  and  that  they  abhorr'd 
"  that  doftrine,  as  treafonable ,  that  it 
iC  is   lawful  to   fight   with   the    King's 
C  3  "  autho- 


2i        Bi\  Parkers  History 

"  authority  againft  his  perfon,  or  thofc 
"  that  arc  commifllon'd  by  him/'  And 
thus  when  the  whole  nation  was  every 
where  fo  well  furnifh'd  with  military 
forces,  if  a  confpiracy  fhould  be  form'd 
in  any  place,  it  might  eafily  be  fupprefs'd. 

The  military  affairs  being  fettled,  their 
next  care  was  concerning  the  civil  ma* 
giftracy  ♦.  for  whereas  in  Cromwelh  times 
the  rebels  had  taken  all  power  in  every 
city  and  town  into  their  own  hands, 
they  being  now  ejefted,  others  were 
put  into  their  places,  neither  were  they 
admitted,  upon  any  other  terms,  but 
firft  taking  the  aforefaid  Oath,  and  ab- 
juring the  Covenant.  And  thus  when 
the  moft  populous  places  were  preferv'd 
from  the  infection  of  difloyalty,  out  of 
which  the  plague  of  fedition  usJd  to 
fpread  into  the  villages,  a  flop  was  put 
to  all  the  licentioufnefs  of  fedition. 
Moreover,  they  proceeded  to  check  the 
prefumption  of  the  prefs,  whence  in- 
numerable libels  were  daily  iffucd  out 
to  ilir  up  fedition.  Hereupon  by  aft  of 
Parliament  all  prefles  were  taken  away,  ex- 
cept 


Of  his  own  Time.  23 

ccpt  thofc  which  were  fet  up  by  the 
public  authority  of  the  Stationer's  com- 
pany 5  and  it  was  cnafted  that  it  fhould 
be  unlawful  to  print  any  books,  unlcfs 
they  were  allow'd  and  approved  of  by  the 
Bifhops  of  Canterbury,  or  London,  or 
the  Vice-Chancellors  of  the  two  Univer- 
sities 3  and  if  any  printer  fhould  difobey 
this  aft,  firftofallhe  fhould  be  fufpend- 
ed  from  buying  or  felling  of  books 
for  three  years,  and  afterwards  for  ever. 
When  by  this  law  the  great  liberty  of 
lying  was  taken  away,  which  they  more 
efpecially  made  ufe  of  at  that  time , 
with  the  moil:  fcandalous  intemperance 
the  very  engine  of  rebellion  was  broken  : 
which  tho'  at  all  times  it  was  fruitful 
of  evils,  yet  in  this  age,  it  did  not  fo 
properly  bring  forth,  as  fvvarm  with  a 
vafl;  effufion  of  plagues.  Amongft  in- 
numerable libels  which  they  publifh'd 
for  two  years  together,  thofe  were  moft 
pregnant  with  fedition  which  they  pub- 
lifh'd concerning  prodigies.  Amongft 
thefe  all  the  prodigies  in  Livy  were  feen 
every  day  :  Two  funs  \  mips  failing  in 
C  4  the 


24        Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  air  5  a  bloody  rainbow ;  it  rain'd 
ftoncs;  a  lamb  with  two  heads;  cathe- 
dral Churches  every  where  fet  on  fire 
by  lightning  5  an  ox  that  fpokc,  a  hen 
turn'd  into  a  cock  5  a  mule  brought 
forth  5  five  beautiful  young  men  flood 
by  the  regicides  while  they  fuffered  > 
a  very  bright  ftar  fhone  round  their 
quarters  that  were  ftuck  upon  the  city 
gates  ;  a  ghoft  was  feen  at  Oxford  drefs'd 
in  a  Bifhop's  robes  5  two  vaft  hogs  came 
into  the  cathedral  Church  of  Canterbury 
in  prayer-time,  which  they  faid  hap- 
pend  before  in  164.1.  before  the  down, 
fall  of  the  hierarchy ;  a  fanatick  ©0- 
mine  of  ftraw,  that  was  made  to  be 
burnt  in  effigie,  was  not  fo  much  as 
touch'd  by  the  flames  ;  many  priefts  read- 
ing the  Common  Prayer  were  feiz'd  with 
liidden  death  5  a  certain  pcrfon  rejoicing 
at  the  execution  of  Harrifon  the  regi- 
cide was  ftrook  with  a  Hidden  paify ; 
another  inveighing  againft  Teters  as  he 
went  to  the  gibbet  was  torn  and  al- 
moft  kilTd  by  his  own  tame  favourite 
dog  $     a   certain    woman  at  Chichefier 

brought 


Of  his  own   Time.  ±5 

brought    forth  a    child  at  her   mouth* 
with  an  infinite  number  of  fiich  prodi- 
gious lies :    For  I  feign  nothing,  for  it 
wou'd  be  tedious  to  repeat  the  hundredth 
part  of  them.     Nor  did  they  only  write 
thefc  fables,    but  they  alfo  drew  paral- 
lels with  many  judgments  that  had  been 
fent  down  from  heaven   upon  wicked 
men  in  former  ages.     Nor  was  this  fuf- 
ficient,  for  thefe  blafphemous  wretches 
in  the  Preface  of  their  books,  prefume 
to    call    upon    God    the    fearcher    of 
hearts,  to  bear  Teftimony  to  the  truth 
of   thefe   fictions ,    and   invoke   all  his 
curfes,  if  they  were  guilty  of  falfhood. 
Behold  the  impious  and  exceffive  mad- 
nefs  of  fanatical  fupcrftition,  that  their 
leaders  fliould  fo  confidently  affirm  thefe 
things,  and  the  deluded  populace  fhould 
fo  eagerly  fwallow  them !  I,  who  was  a 
young  man  at  that  time,  do  very  well  re- 
member that  thefe  books  were  confulted 
and  perufed  with  no  lefs  diligence  than 
the  Scriptures  themfelves.      There  was 
no  one  of  the  fa&ion    who  had    not 
tl\efe  books,    and  did  not  read   them 

witl} 


Bp.  Parker's  History 

with  the  decpeft  veneration.  But  the 
Law  which  I  mention'd  being  feafona- 
bly  pafs'd,  there  were  no  more  prodi- 
gies feen,  no  more  miracles  wrought,  no 
more  Anni-mirabilesy  which  was  the 
title  they  prefix'd  to  their  books.  Laft- 
ly,  (which  yet  was  the  Parliament's  prin- 
cipal care  )  the  two  Houfes  proceeded 
to  take  care  of  the  Church,  and  to  re- 
inflate  it  in  its  antient  dignity.  Firft 
the  Clergy,  by  the  King's  writ,  were 
fummon'd  to  Convocation.  The  Con- 
vocation confifts  of  an  upper  and  lower 
Houfe.  In  the  upper,  only  Bifhops  fit  ; 
in  the  lower,  Deans,  Archdeacons,  one 
Canon,  or  Prebendary  of  every  cathe- 
dral Church,  and  two  Proctors  for  the 
Clergy.  Thcfe  make  Canons  concern- 
ing ecclefiaftical  affairs,  and  then  carry 
them  to  the  King,  and  if  he  approves 
of  them,  they  are  afterwards  laid  be- 
fore the  Parliament,  that  what  the  Church 
has  ena&ed  by  its  fpiritual  power,  may 
be  infore'd  by  the  civil  authority. 
Therefore  the  Convocation  (for  fo  we 
call  the  Synod  of  the  Clergy)   when  it 

had 


Of  his  own  Time.  27 

had  confirm'd  every  thing,  as  it  was  be- 
fore,   in  the  Church  of  England,  only 
making  fome  little  alterations  in  the  Li- 
turgy according  to  the  different  circum- 
ftances  of  times,  brought  their  Decrees 
and  Canons  to  the  King,  Lords  and  Com. 
mons  to  be  abetted  with  their  authority. 
Hence  arofe  that  famous  Law  commonly 
caird  the  A6t  of  Uniformity.     By  which 
Law  it  was  enacted,  that  all  Clergymen 
fhould  ufe  only  the  Common  Prayer  in 
the  publick  worfhip ;    and  unlefs  they 
us'd  it,  they  were  to  be  deprivd  of  all 
ecclefiaftical   benefices,    before  the  feaft 
of   St.  Bartholomew.     Moreover,    they 
were  to  abjure  the  folemn  League  and 
Covenant,    and  renounce  it,  as  contra- 
ry   to  all  the  laws   of  God  and  nature 
and  this   kingdom.      The    confequence 
of  which  muft  be,   cither  the  Presbyte- 
rian  minifters    wou'd    return    into  the 
peace  and  unity  of  the  Church,  and  alfo 
abjure  the  bond,  and  as  it  were  the  fa- 
crament  of  their  treachery    and  rebelli- 
on ;  or  elfe  they  muft  quit  all  their  be- 
nefices  in   the  Church,   and  all  the  op- 
portunities 


i8        Bp.  Parker's  History 

portunities  of  doing  mifchief.  Hereup- 
on there  was  a  great  confufion  among 
the  faction  5  they  run  backwards  and 
forwards  with  hurry  and  confternation ; 
they  entred  into  a  new  affociation  againft 
this  Law,  promifing  themfelves,  that  if 
all  of  them  mould  refufe  to  comply, 
the  Churches  could  not  ftand  without 
them,  preachers  wou'd  every  where  be 
wanting,  and  the  people  would  on  every 
hand  beg  for  the  repealing  of  the  Law, 
left  through  the  fcarcity  of  preachers, 
their  fouls  mould  fufFer  a  famine  of  the 
word  -of  the  Lord.  But  the  greatcft 
hopes  of  the  faftion  depended  upon  their 
friends  at  Court  5  for  they  being  ad- 
mitted into  the  fecret  counfcls  of  the 
King,  and  the  higheft  offices  of  State, 
did  only  clog  and  obftruft  the  publick 
affairs,  give  a  check  to  the  Laws  that 
were  made  againft  the  fadions,  appear 
as  advocates  for  their  faults,  and  make 
it  their  chief  endeavour  to  prevent  the 
Church  and  State  from  fettling  upon  their 
old  legal  foundations.  For  they  found  that 
if  this  dcflgn,  which  was  fo  well  begun, 

ihould 


Of    his  own  Time.  z$ 

ftiould    be  brought   to  perfedon,    they 
fhould  fink    into   the    deepefl    defpair. 
Therefore  they  prefently  met  together, 
and  whifper'd  into  the  ears  of  the  King 
(whom  they  had  experiene'd  to  be  enough 
inclin'd  to  mercy,  and  indeed  as  it  hap- 
pened, too  much  for  fparing  them)  that 
fo  great  and  powerful  a  body   of  men 
fhould  not  be  rafhly  provok'd  5  that  they 
were   the  greateft  part   of  the   nation, 
both  for  number  and  wealth  5  and  that 
they  did  not  refufe  to  comply  with  the 
antient  conditions  of  uniformity  5    but 
if  thefe  new  and  unheard  of  obligations 
to  abjure  the  holy  Covenant  were  taken 
away,    they  would  all,    even  to  a  man, 
flock  to  the  Church  of  England  h    and 
laftly,    unlefs   there  were  fpeedy   care 
taken  to   prevent  it,  there  would  be  a 
general   revolt  of  the  people.      More- 
over there  were  humble  petitions  pre- 
fented  by  the  Presbyterian  London  preach- 
ers to  this  efTeft.     "  Having  before  ex- 
"  periene'd  the  clemency  of  your  Royal 
"  Majefty  towards   your  good  people, 
P  we  who  have  always  fliewn  the  ftrid- 
3  «  eft 


3<d        Bp.  Parkers  History 

u  eft  fidelity  {Good God!)  beg  leave  to 
u  reprefent,  that  unlefs  you  extend  your 
"  royal  mercy  to  us,  we  muft  be  imme. 
u  diately  put  out  of  our  facred  office,  by 
"  the  Ad  of  Uniformity ,  becaufe  we 
"  cannot  in  confeience  obey  all  things 
"  therein  enjoyn  d :  therefore  falling  at 
"  your  facred  feet,  we  humbly  befeech 
"  your  Majefty,  that  thro*  your  great 
u  wifdom  and  clemency,  fome  means 
<<  may  be  found  ,  that  we  may  not  be 
"  depriv'd  of  the  power  of  teaching  your 
€C  people  their  duty  to  God  and  your 
"  Majefty  :  And  if  it  fhall  feem  good 
"  to  your  princely  mercy  to  grant  this 
€i  requeft,  we  doubt  not,  but  that  we 
"  fhall  fhew,  by  our  inviolable  loyalty 
"  to  your  Majefty,  and  our  peaceable 
"  behaviour  in  the  Church,  that  we  are 
"  not  altogether  unworthy  of  fo  great 
"  a  favour. 

When  the  King  was  in  fome  meafurc 
mov'd  with  thefe  petitions,  they  at  length 
with  difficulty  obtain'd  from  him,  that 
the  matter  fhould  be  fufpended  for  a 
little  time ;  and  therefore,  whereas  the 

Law 


Op  his  own  Time."  ;i 

Law  ought  to  be  in  force  the  next  Sun- 
day, they  prevail'd  to  have  the  Council 
call'd  but  three  days  before,  for  the  ef- 
fecting their  purpofe,  left  perhaps  any 
one  fhould  unfealbnably  ftep  in  before 
the  time  to  prevent  their  defigns.  Which 
yet  unexpectedly  happen'd  through  the 
prudence  and  fortitude  of  one  man  > 
namely,  that  great  Prelate  Gilbert  Shel- 
don, then  Bifhop  of  London,  afterwards 
Arch-bifhop  of  Canterbury.  For  the 
Council  being  held,  he  came  of  his  own 
accord,  (for  he  was  not  yet  call'd  to  the 
Privy  Council)  and  pleaded  for  the  Law, 
with  that  fharpnefs  of  wit,  that  copious 
eloquence,  and  that  weight  of  reafon, 
that  he  did  not  fo  much  perfuade  as 
command  the  affent  of  the  King,  the 
Duke,  the  Council,  and  all  that  were 
prefent,  and  almoft  even  the  petitioners 
themfelves  to  his  opinion.  He  told 
them,  that  the  fufpenfion  of  the  Law 
came  almoft  too  late,  that  by  the  com. 
mand  of  that  Law  he  had  ejected  all, 
who  had  not  obey'd  it  in  his  Dio- 
cefs,  the  Sunday  before,  by  which  he 
2  had 


3^        Bp.  Parker's  History 

had  fo  provok'd  their  anger  and  hatred,' 
that  if  they  were  again  reftor'd,  he  mould 
not  live  henceforward,    in  a  fociety  of 
Clergy,  but  in  the  jaws  of  his  enemies 5 
neither  could  he  dare  to  contradict  a  Law 
that  was  pafs'd  with  fo  great  approbati- 
on of  all  good  men,  fo  general  a  con- 
fent  of  Parliament,  and  with  fo  much 
deliberation.      And   farther,    that  if  at 
that  time  fo  facred  a  Law  mould  be  re- 
pealed,   it  would  expofe    the  lawgivers 
to  the  fport  and  fcorn  of  the  faction. 
And  laftly,    that  the  State  and  Church 
would  never  be  free  from  diforders  and 
difturbances,    if  factious  men  could  ex- 
tort whatever  they  defir'd,  by  their  im- 
pudence  and  importunity.      They  that 
were  prefent  at  the  Council,  being  over- 
come by  thefe  and  the  like  reafons,  did 
with  great  alacrity  and  earneftnefs  con- 
fent  to  the  immediate  execution  of  the 
Law.     Whence  it  happily  came  to  pafs, 
that  whereas  there  was  but  one  day  to 
intervene  between  the  change  of  coun- 
fel  and  the  event  of  the  matter,  almoft 
all  the  Presbyterians,  who  fear'd  no  fuch 

thing, 


Of  his  own  Time."  35 

thing,  and  on  the  contrary  were  joyfully 
fecure,  did,  on  a  Hidden,  almoft  in  the 
twinkling  of  an  eye,  perceive  thcmfclves 
defeated  by  one  ilroke ;  and  turn'd  out 
of  their  parifhes,  to  their  great  furprizc 
and  aftoniihment. 

By  this  feafonable  interpolation,  the 
Bifhop  freed  the  Church  of  England 
from  thefe  plagues  for  many  years.  For 
thus  it  happened  luckily,  happily  and 
prolperouily,  and  indeed  very  providen- 
tially, that  the  Schifmaticks  entangled 
thcmfclves  in  their  fchifm  by  covenant 
and  agreement,  entering  into  a  new 
allbciation,  being  deceiv'd  by  the  large 
promiies  of  the  London  teachers,  that 
they  would  not  obey  the  Law,  and  thence 
imagining  that  they  mould  defend  them- 
felves  by  their  multitude.  And  where- 
as the  Courtiers  would  have  perfuaded 
the  King,  that  there  would  be  preach- 
ers wanting  in  the  city  of  London,  up- 
on that  Sunday  5  the  very  prudent  Bifhop 
of  that  Diocefe,  who  had  computed  the 
number  of  the  faction,  had  ready  at 
hand  an  equal  number  of  orthodox  Di- 
D  vines, 


$4        Br.  Parker's  HIstorv 

vines,    and  thofc  eloquent  and  learned; 
who,  the  fign  given,  did  as  it  were  come 
out  of  ambufh,    and  take  poffeffion  of 
the   pulpits.     And  tho*  from  that  time 
the  Schifmaticks  tried  all  their  art  that 
they  might  be  received   again    into  the 
bofom  of  the  Church,    yet  he  guarded 
every  pafs  and   avenue  with   fuch  dili- 
gence, that  when  they  faw  their  attempts 
fo  often  baffled,  they  at  length  fat  down, 
being  no  farther  troublefome  with  their 
fchifm,  than  barely  that  they  were  Schif- 
maticks as  long  as  he  liv'd.     For  when, 
fome  years  after  this,  they  began  to  raife 
fome  new  troubles  in  the  Church,  that 
only  the  obligation  to  renounce  the  co- 
venant being  rcpeafd,    they  might  have 
the  liberty  of  returning  into  the  Church, 
for  that  (they  faid)  was  the  only  bar  to 
it  5  they  were  not  without  friends  in  both 
Houfes,    nor  even  amongft  the  Bifhops 
themfelves.     And  the  King  himfelf,  by 
his  royal  authority,    (as  Emperors   had 
formerly  done)  had  not  long  fincc,  in 
the  {traits  and  difficulties  of  the  'Dutch 
war,    fufpended    the  penalties  of   the 

Law, 


Of  his   own  Time.  55 

Law,  both  that  he  might  keep  peace  at 
home,  and  becaufe  he  found  that  the 
fa&ions  had  corrcipondencc  with  the 
enemy  abroad.  To  remedy  which  evil* 
he  thought  it  moft  expedient  to  ftroke 
them,  for  fome  time,  to  prevent  their 
kicking :  Whereby,  many  of  bothHoufes 
were  fo  incens'd,  becaufe  they  faw  that 
the  Law  that  was  pafs'd  by  them,  was 
in  effeel:  repeal'd  without  their  content, 
that  they  chofe  rather  to  repeal  it  them- 
felves,  than  fee  it  leffend  and  maimed 
by  any  one  elfe.  Which  opportunity 
happening,  the  Presbyterians,  by  the  at 
fiftance  of  thofe  friends,  a  great  number 
of  which  they  had  in  both  Houfes,  im- 
mediately requir'd  that  the  Law  might 
be  abrogated.  But  the  new  bill  being 
drawn  up,  and  every  thing  pertaining 
to  the  fandion  of  it  being  finifh'd,  the 
Archbifhop  affirm'd  that  lenity  and  mer- 
cy were  always  truly  pleafing  to  all  good 
men,  efpecially  if  they  could  open  the 
way  to  peace  and  concord;  and  that 
he  would  not  difient  from  the  votes  of 
others,  if  the  Law  being  repealed,  leaft 

D  2  the 


\6        Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  fupreme  power  fhou'd  fcem  to  have 
parted  with  too  much  from  itfelf,  by 
yielding  to  them  too  far,  they  would  but 
require  fuch  a  ftipulation  and  engage- 
ment for  their  future  fidelity,  as  no  good 
man  could ,  or  would  refufe  to  £ivc. 
And  truly  he  proposal  nothing  elfe  but 
this,  that  they  mould  confefs  that  the 
war  againft  King  Charles  the  firft  was 
unlawful.  Which  he  had  hardly  men- 
tion'd,  when  they  prefently  dropp'd  their 
petition  for  the  bill,  and  were  fo  de- 
tcrr'd  from  the  purlliit  of  their  defign, 
that,  as  if  they  had  thrown  away  their 
arms,  they  never  durit  rally  again.  Thus 
is  the  Presbyterian  intereft  funk  into 
the  deepeft  defpair,  by  lofing  the  hope 
and  liberty  of  rebelling !  But  when  they 
found  too  late,  that  nothing  was  to  be 
done  by  open  meafurcs,  what  they  could 
not  efFeft  by  authority,  they  ftudied 
to  compafs  by  fraud.  Therefore  they 
prefently  entred  into  a  new  confpiracy 
with  fomc  treacherous  Divines  in  the 
Englijh  Church,  men  that  lik'd  nothing 
in  the  Church  but  its  preferments,  in 
2  all 


Of  his  own  Time.  37 

all  other  refpeds  Fanaticks.  Theft  joyn- 
ing  forces  within  and  without  the  walls, 
cannot  doubt  but  at  length  they  fhall 
gain  their  ends,  altho'  it  be  the  fame  con- 
fpiracy  as  had  been  tried  before,  and  is 
only  drefs'd  up  in  a  new  form  of  words, 
that  it  may  take  the  better  with  the  un- 
wary. For  now  they  were  plcas'd  to 
call  it  a  Comprchcnfton,  by  which  (for- 
footh)  the  Presbyterian  rebels,  all  the 
Laws  being  rcpeal'd,  which  at  their  will, 
or  rather  by  their  command,  they  re- 
quir'd  to  be  cancell'd,  might,  together 
with  the  found  members,  be  received  in- 
to the  Church,  and  all  ecclcfiaftical  of- 
fices. In  this  gang  there  were  one  or 
two  Bifhops,  a  few  Presbyters,  with  two 
pragmatical  Lawyers,  who  with  great 
gravity  rcquir'd  that  this  Law  might  pafs$ 
as  if  they  had  had  in  their  hands  the 
fupreme  power  in  Church  and  State. 
The  Archbifhop,  than  whom  no  one 
was  more  vigilant,  or  ready  to  find  out 
their  treacherous  ftratagems,  heard  of 
all  their  counfels  from  day  to  day  5  and 
I  my  fclf  have  heard  him  publickly  and 
D  3  very 


3 8        Bp.  Parker's  History 

very  fharply  reproving  them,  according 
to  his  authority,  for  their  audacious  pre- 
fumption,  in  that  a  Bifhop  or  two,  and 
a  few  Presbyters,  fhould  attempt  to  re- 
peal the  facred  Laws  of  the  Church, 
without  their  Metropolitan,  and  a  Sy> 
nod  of  their  Province.  A  crime,  and 
indeed  a  fchifm,  which  was  not  to  be 
expiated  by  any  thing  lefs  in  the  primi- 
tive Church  than  perpetual  Degradation! 
But  the  Archbifhop  being  of  a  mild  and 
generous  difpofition,  threatned  nothing, 
but  only  exhorted  them  friendly,  to  ac- 
quiefce  a  little,  till  they  fhould  obtain, 
or  at  leaf!  ask  the  confent  of  him  and 
his  brethren  the  Bifhops.  In  the  mean 
time  he  dealt  mildly  with  their  princi- 
pal agents,  that  fo,  if  poffible,  he  might 
recover  them  to  a  better  mind.  I  re- 
member I  was  prefent  when  a  certain 
Bifhop  folemnly  promised  entirely  to  quit 
this  defign,  and  attempt  nothing  farther ; 
and  yet  the  very  fame  day,  when  there 
was  a  meeting  held  for  carrying  on  this 
affair,  to  my  knowledge,  he  went  to 
the  meeting,   and  labour'd  ,the  point  as 

much 


Of  his  own  Time,  j5> 

much  as  he  could.  But  when  the  Arch- 
bifhop  knew  that  the  matter  was  com- 
pleatly  form'd,  he  kept  his  knowledge 
of  it  to  himfelf,  and  a  few  of  his  do- 
mefticks  5  but  at  length  taking  an  op- 
portunity of  fending  for  me  and  ano- 
ther perfon,  not  a  Bifhop  indeed,  but 
one  next  in  dignity  to  a  Bifhop,  he  ac- 
cused us  both  equally,  being  a  facetious 
Man,  of  having  been  amongft  the  Con- 
fpirators.  What  could  I,  tho'  I  knew 
my  own  innocence,  but  modeftly,  (as 
became  me,)  and  yet  boldly  deny  the 
charge  ?  But  the  other  was  not  content 
with  a  bare  lie,  but  likeTV^r,  when  he 
denied  his  Lord,  defended  himfelf  with 
a  repeated  denial  of  it,  and  affirm'd, 
that  when  fome  men  tempted  him  to 
be  there,  he  fharply  admonifh'd  them 
to  drop  the  defign,  till  it  could  be  re- 
ferr'd  to  the  Archbifhop  and  Bifliops  in 
Convocation.  But  as  foon  as  he  was 
gone,  the  Archbifhop  fmiling  upon  me, 
and  excufing  himfelf  for  his  feeming  re- 
proof of  me,  faid,  "  Now  I  have  too 
f1  plainly  found  out  the  treachery  of 
D  4  tc  this 


40        Bp.  Parker's  History 

^  this  man  5  I  can  never  wonder  enough 
u  at  his  impudence  or  ftupidity,  fince 
"  if  he  were  not  a  mere  flock,  he  mufl 
"  have  found  from  fomc  particular  ex- 
"  preflions  that  I  us'd,  that  all  the  coun- 
"  fels  of  that  meeting,  in  which  he  was 
<c  always  prefent,  and  bore  a  principal 
"  part,  were  fully  difcover'd  to  me/' 
And  from  that  time  he  drop'd  his  Fricnd- 
fhip,  as  far  as  he  could,  with  him  and 
the  reft  of  his  affociates.  But  they  re- 
folv'd  the  more  diligently  to  go  on  with 
their  fcheme,  and  to  carry  it,  when  fi- 
niftYd,  into  the  lower  Houfe  of  Parlia- 
ment. In  the  mean  time,  the  Archbi- 
Ihop  (who,  as  I  faid,  knew  all  their  mea- 
fures)  had  fo  prepar'd  the  good  Mem- 
bers of  that  Houfe,  that  the  very  firft 
day  of  their  meeting,  they  refolv'd  that 
if  it  was  brought  into  the  Houfe,  they 
would  not  pafs  it.  And  thus  this  per- 
nicious defign  of  a  Comprehenfton  pe- 
rifiYd  i  which,  if  it  had  not  died  in  the 
birth,  would  have  brought  the  fame  e- 
vils  and  plagues  upon  the  Church  of 
England,  as  were  brought  into  the  Ca- 

tholick 


Of  his  own  Time.  41 

tholick   Church  in  Zenos  time  by   his 
Henoticon. 

But  now,  fince  I  have  had  occafion  to 
fpeak  of  fo  great  a  man,  I  cannot  pafs 
on,  without  giving  a  fhort  account  of 
the  goodnefs  of  his  difpofition,  the  con- 
ftancy  of  his  virtue,  and  the  fweetnefs 
of  his  temper.  It  was  long  in  my  thoughts 
to  have  drawn  up  a  juft  hiftory  5  and 
indeed  I  mould  have  done  it,  if  I  could 
by  any  means  have  obtain  d  the  memoirs 
which  he  left  concerning  the  actions  of 
his  own  time.  For  as  he  came  in  due 
time  to  the  management  of  publick  af- 
fairs, being  a  man  of  great  abilities,  and 
was  prefent  at  the  moil  remarkable  oc- 
currences >  fo  tranfafting  every  thing 
with  a  peculiar  ftrength  and  penetra- 
tion of  judgment,  without  doubt  the 
commentaries  which  he  wrote  upon  all 
affairs  were  very  excellent.  In  the  mean 
time,  fince  I  cannot  write  a  hiftory,  1 
cannot  forbear  but  that  I  mult  recom- 
mend fome  character  of  fo  great  a  mind, 
and  fo  famous  an  example  of  virtue,  to 
the  imitation  of  pofterity.     And  that  I 

may 


4*       Bp.  Parker's  History 

may  begin  with  the  chief  virtue  of  a  Bi-' 
fhop,  he  was  a  man  of  eminent  piety  s 
for  tho*  he  was  frequent  and  afTiduous 
in  prayers,  yet  he  was  not  fuch  an  ad- 
mirer of  them,  as  fome  are,  nor  did  he 
fo  much  regard  the  bare  worfhip,  as  the 
ufe  that  was  made  of  it  >  and  therefore 
he  judicioufly  plac'd  the  fum  of  Reli- 
gion in  a  good  life,  He  ufed,  in  his 
daily  difcourfe  to  his  family  and  friends, 
to  tell  that  they  fhould  take  care  not  to 
deceive  themfelves  by  a  half  and  imper- 
fed  Religion  5  that  they  fhould  not  think 
that  all  the  fervice  of  God  was  confin'd 
within  the  cloifters  and  \valls  of  the 
Church,  but  rather  that  a  great  part  of 
it  was  converfant  abroad  in  the  world, 
and  amongft  focieties  of  men.  That  if 
they  liv'd  juftly,  foberly,  and  chaftly,  then 
at  length,  and  not  before,  they  might 
think  themfelves  pious  :  That  otherwife 
it  matter'd  not  of  what  Church  or  Re- 
ligion  wicked  men  were  5  and  therefore 
he  greatly  delighted  himfelf  with  this 
faying,  and  always  fpoke  it  with  exul- 
tation, T)o  welly  and  be  merry.     For  he 

thought 


Of  his  own  Time.  43 

thought  it  the  only  bufinefs  and  com- 
fort of  life,  that  the  value  of  everything 
depended  upon  That,  and  avail'd  no- 
thing without  it.  Therefore,  next  to 
Atheifts  and  Fanaticks,  he  defpis'd  that 
difdainful  fort  of  men  who  would  have 
all  the  duty  of  man  plac'd  in  the  cere- 
monies and  offices  of  worfhip,  and  be- 
caufe  perhaps  they  are  oftner  at  prayers 
than  others,  therefore  think  themfelves 
better.  He  us'd  to  fay  that  thefe  men 
were  not  fo  pious  as  weak,  not  having 
judgment  to  difcern  what  is  right  and 
what  is  wrong,  what  is  good  and  what 
is  evil :  For  that  prayers  indeed  had 
great  force  and  efficacy  in  them,  as  help- 
ing us  to  obtain  the  affifting  grace  of 
God,  and  cherifhing  a  ftrong  and  lively 
reverence  of  God  in  our  minds:  But  that 
even  prayers  were  in  vain,  unlefs  we 
proceed  farther.  That  the  Eucharift 
(which  is  the  principal  part  of  chriflian 
Worfhip)  is  indeed  a  Sacrament  of  the 
chriftian  Law,  and  that  this  Law  confifts 
of  offices  of  mutual  charity  and  kind- 
ncfs7  and  that  therefore  he  is  the  beft 
3  Chriftian, 


44        Bp.  Parker's  History 

Chriftian,  who  is  the  moft  kind  and 
charitable  to  mankind  ;  that  the  greateft 
charity  is  exercis'd  by  juftice,  for  charity 
is  due  to  all  men,  without  which  no  fo- 
ciety  can  fubfift,  and  which  prcferves  the 
peace  and  tranquillity  of  the  whole  world. 
That  other  virtues  are  but  fubfervient  to 
this,  and  that  thofc  great  virtues,  liberality 
and  munificence,  are  but  theft  and  rapine 
without  it.  And  therefore  he  often  ufed 
to  admonifh  young  Noblemen  and  Gen- 
tlemen (of  whom  a  great  many  flock'd 
to  him,  by  the  command  of  their  pa- 
rents,) tc  Take  care  (faid  he)  to  be  good 
"  and  virtuous  in  the  firft  place,  and 
"  then  be  as  pious,  and  as  much  de- 
"  voted  to  Religion  as  you  will.  No 
cc  piety  can  bring  any  advantage  to  you 
cc  or  any  one,  without  probity  of  life 
"  and  morals :  For  God  gives  no  rewards 
cc  to  idol-worfhipers,  neither  can  any 
*  benefit  arife  from  a  barren  piety.  But 
iC  if  men  fincerely  refolve  with  them- 
cc  felves  firft  to  lay  the  foundations  of 
<c  Religion  in  a  good  life,  that  will 
"  caufe  them  to  delight  in  the  worfhip 

«  of 


Of    his  own  Time.  45 

«  of  God,  and  their  duty  to  men." 
And  if  he  could  be  provok'd  at  any 
thins:,  it  was  at  the  counterfeit  devotion 
of  wicked  men,  which  he  could  hardly 
bear  >  and  he  was  wont  to  call  them 
the  diferace  of  God  and  men.  And  he 
was  greatly  griev'd  that  in  the  whole 
courfe  of  his  long  life  he  had  obfeiVd 
very  bad  men  under  the  mafque  of  hu- 
mility, and  the  pretence  of  ftri&er  piety, 
carrying  on  the  fecret  defigns  of  ambi- 
tion ;  of  whom  in  general,  he  faid,  we 
ought  to  beware,  as  of  fo  many  thieves 
and  cheats  5  for  he  had  not  remembrcd 
above  three  or  four,  and  thofe  men  of 
downright  foolifh  fimplicity,  who  have 
not,  like  thieves,  carried  off  the  pre- 
ferments of  the  Church,  under  a  cloak 
or  cowl  of  Religion  :  Tho'  there  was 
fomc  comfort  and  fatisfa&ion  in  it,  that 
the  fame  men  had  always  ftrip'd  them- 
felves  of  their  honours  by  their  own 
imprudence :  For  whereas  fuch  little  ani- 
mals might  have  lain  hid  with  honour ; 
when  they  crept  up  to  a  publick  ftation, 
they  did  not  fo  properly  pofTefs  the  height 

of 


4<r        Bp.  Parker's  History 

of  dignity,  as  of  publick  fhame  and 
contempt :  For  not  being  accuftom'd  to 
the  courtefy  and  civility  of  human  life* 
they  behave  themfelves  fo  aukwardly,  fo 
morofely,  and  fo  infolently,  as  if  they 
were  lifted  up  on  high,  only  to  expofe 
themfelves  to  fcorn  and  derifion.  But 
how  much  foever  he  hated  and  defpis'd 
thefe  counterfeits,  both  becaufe  they 
robb'd  Religion  of  its  honour,  by  their 
infincerity,  and  becaufe  they  difturb'd 
the  due  moderation  and  equal  balance 
of  affairs,  by  their  pragmatical  behavi- 
our 5  yet  if  he  met  with  any  perfons  of 
true  fimplicity,  and  unfeign'd  piety,  who 
did  in  earncft  devote  themfelves  to  the 
worfhip  of  God,  and  meditation  upon 
heavenly  things,  it  is  fcarce  to  be  con* 
ceiv'd  with  what  afFedion,  with  what 
friendfhip,  and  with  what  joy  he  em- 
brae'd  them :  He  reverenced  them  as  Fa- 
thers, lov'd  them  as  Brethren,  and  mofl 
familiarly  convers'd  with  them  as  his  in- 
timate Friends. 

Such  good  opinions  of  Religion  con- 
curring, with  fo  good  a  difpofition  of 

nature, 


Of  his  own  Time;  47 

nature,  how  large  an  increafe  of  virtues 
muft  flich  excellent  feeds,  fown  in  fo 
rich  a  foil,  produce !  Hence  proceeded 
that  even  tranquillity  of  mind,  through 
which,  in  both  a  profperous  and  adverfe 
fortune,  he  was  always  the  fame,  and 
ftill  like  himfelf  5  being  equally  proof 
againft  the  weapons  of  adverfity,  and 
the  wiles  of  profperity,  and  ever  con- 
ftant  and  regular  5  and  one  that  had  life 
at  command,  but  not  incontinent  ;  he 
neither  fear'd  nor  wifh'd  for  death;  liv'd 
pleafantly  to  himfelf,  and  to  other  men; 
neither  did  he  place  any  other  happinefs 
in  this  prefent  life,  than  that  he  could 
prudently  bear,  and  even  enjoy  it,  thro' 
the  hopes  of  a  betters  for  with  that 
hope  he  accounted  it  pleafant  and  a- 
greeable,  but  without  it  intolerable  ; 
and  fo  he  died  with  the  fame  evennefs 
of  mind  with  which  he  liv'd  5  nor  did 
he  depart  from  his  ufual  cheerfulnefs, 
which  was  fupported  by  a  good  life, 
till  his  foul  departed  from  his  body. 

From  a  tranquillity  of  mind,  naturally 
arifes   courtefy  and  affability  of  beha- 
viour; 


42        Bp.  Parker's  History 

viour  ;  for  he  who  plcafcs  himfclf,  de- 
lights to  pleafe  others,  and  equally  re- 
joices in  his  own  and  other  mens  hap- 
pinefs;  therefore  he  was  eafy  and  free 
in  his  convcrfation  with  every  one,  ne- 
ver (if  poffible)  let  any  one  go  difcon- 
certed  from  him,  unlcfs  it  were  by  their 
unwiliingnefs  to  leave  him.  He  was 
both  pleafant  and  grave  amongft  his  do- 
mefticks,  govern'd  his  Family  both  with 
authority  and  kindnefs ;  we  all  reve- 
rencd  him,  and  none  flood  in  fear  of 
him  5  if  at  any  time  there  was  occafion 
for  a  fevere  rebuke  (to  which  he  fel- 
dom  and  unwillingly  proceeded)  his  di£ 
courfe  was  a  mixture  of  a  becoming 
gravity,  and  a  Socratick  fwectnefs.  He 
would  have  his  houfe  always  open  for 
hofpitality,  and  his  table  decently  and 
elegantly  cover'd,  without  luxury  ; 
whercunto  illuftrious  pcrfons  reforted 
in  great  numbers,  that  they  might  en- 
joy the  plcafurc  of  his  convcrfation,  for 
he  feaibn'd  all  his  entertainments  with 
grave  and  facetious  difcourfe,  and  fpoke 
to  each   of   his  guefts  courtcouily  and 

plea- 


Of  his  own  Time*  4p 

plcafantly,  and  all  went  away  obliged 
with  his  fingular  humanity.  It  is  not 
proper  to  enlarge  any  farther  upon  thefe 
lcfler  points  of  decorum  in  this  great 
Man  ;  but  altho'  perhaps  they  are  not 
to  be  commended  amongft  the  virtues, 
yet  certainly  they  are  the  peculiar  orna- 
ments of  the  greatcft  men,  and  of  no 
other.  Neither  indeed  do  I  think  it  be- 
comes me  to  labour  in  a  more  diligent 
defcription  of  his  greater  virtues.  How 
fmall,  how  jejune,  how  trifling  a  com- 
mendation would  it  be,  in  fpeaking  of 
a  Prelate  of  fuch  entire  and  generous 
piety,  to  fay  that  he  was  juft,  and  tem- 
perate, and  modeft,  especially  when 
thefe  are  not  fo  much  the  virtues  of  the 
Man,  as  the  duties  of  the  Bijhop ,  for  in 
another  man  if  thefe  virtues  are  want- 
ing 'tis  fhameful,  but  in  a  Clergyman 
they  hardly  defervc  to  be  prais'd.  Since 
therefore  of  fuch  great  men  nothing  but 
the  higheft  part  of  character  is  to  be 
dwelt  upon,  pa  fling  by  the  common  and 
ordinary  virtues,  we  fhall  fpeak  only  of 
his  virtues   that  more  immediately  re- 

E  lated 


5o        Bp.  Parker's  History 

lated  to  the  dignity  and  eminence  of 
him  as  a  publick  pcrfon.  All  greatnefs 
of  mind  confifts  in  three  things,  Wif- 
dom, xMagnanimity,  and  Munificence. 
The  beft  of  Kings,  Charles  the  Firft,  paid 
the  greatcft  regard  to  his  Wifdom  ;  to 
whom  as  he  was  particularly  dear,  for 
his  joint  integrity  and  humanity,  fo  in 
particular  with  refped  to  his  fingular 
Wifdom  i  he  in  a  manner  obtained  the 
utmofl  familiarity  of  friendfhip :  For  he 
not  only  employ'd  him,  as  feveral  others, 
in  publick  affairs  and  embaflies,  from 
the  Treaty  of  Uxbridgey  when  he  firft 
appear'd  in  publick  bufinefs,  but  admit- 
ted him  into  his  more  fecret  counfels > 
and  the  better  he  knew  him,  fo  much 
the  more  he  lov'd  him.  And  where- 
as he  himfelf  had  attain'd  to  maturity  in 
wifdom,  being  taught  by  great  and  long 
calamities,  he  would  chiefly  make  ufe 
of  his  counfel  and  converfation ;  and  if 
he  could  but  have  him  by  his  fide,  he 
feem'd  to  think  it  a  foftning  and  abate- 
ment of  his  miferics :  And  in  his  loweft 
and  mod  defperate  circumftances,  when, 

after 


Of  his  own  Time.  51 

after  the  conference  in  the  Ijle  of  JVight> 
his  Murder  being  rcfolv'd  upon  by  the 
rebel  officers,  all  his  fervants  and  friends 
were  driven  from  his  pretence,  the  King 
at  length,  by  importunate  intrcaties, 
prevail'd,  that  tho'  the  reft  were  driven 
from  him,  he  might  enjoy  Sheldon  alone, 
the  fpace  of  one  day  5  which  day  they 
prolong'd  and  continud  till  midnight, 
till  he  was  removed  from  the  King  by 
military  force.  In  which  fhort  time  he 
entrufted  his  fecrct  and  laft  counfels  in 
his  bofom,  efpeciaily  commands  to  be 
deliver'd  to  his  Son.  Amongft  many  o- 
ther  excellent  dictates  of  that  great  mind, 
I  principally  remember  three,  which  I 
receiv'd  from  the  Archbifhop's  own 
mouth. 

Firjly  That  he  mould  forgive  his  re- 
bellious enemies  as  much  as  he  would, 
but  never  truft  one  of  them,  unlcfs  he 
were  willing  to  be  ruin'd  again. 

Secondly,  That  he  fhould  keep  his 
Exchequer  as  full  as  pofllble;  for  fub- 
jefts  would  not  dare  to  rebel  againft  any 
but  poor  Princes. 

E  2  Laftfy, 


\S 


1%        Bp.  Parker's  History 

La/lly,  That,  as  far  as  it  was  in  his 
power,  he  fhould  expiate  the  fin  of  Sa- 
crilege 5  and  efpccially  that  he  fhould  be 
an  example  to  his  fubjeds,  by  rcftoring 
thofe  revenues  to  the  Church,  which 
the  impiety  of  former  times  had  taken 
from  it  ;  which  he  himlclf  had  vow'd  tQ 
do,  if  he  ever  recovcr'd  his  Crown. 

But  fmce  I  have  fpoken  of  the  great 
love  and  affection  of  the  irood  Kins  to 
him,  there  is  no  occafion  to  fpeak  any 
tiling  of  his  Magnanimity  5  for  it  fhew'd 
a  firm  and  invincible  mind,  to  behold 
fuch  a  man,  from  whom  he  had  receiv'd 
lb  great  favours,  fo  unworthily  treated, 
and  cxpos'd  to  fcorn,  by  the  refufe  of 
mankind,  and  his  blood  not  freeze  in 
his  veins  with  immoderate  grief.  Yet 
he  bore  the  weidit,  and  length  of  time 
in  fomc  meafurc  render'd  it  cafier  to 
him  5  but  he  had  that  chcerfulnefs  of 
temper,  that  I  have  often  heard  him 
proleis,  that  nothing  ever  touch'd  his 
heart,  (for  lb  he  fpokc,  fcarce  refraining 
from  tears)  but  only  the  misfortune  of 
the  King  5    and  with  that  he  was  as  it 

were 


Of  his  own  Time.  5$ 

were  thunder-ftruck,  and  did  not  for  a 
long  time  recover  any  firmnefs  of  mind, 
but  fhould,  as  long  as  he  liv'd,  feel  the 
fharpeft  anguifh,  whenever  he  thought 
of  it,  how  much  focver  he  drove  againfl 
it.  Neither  did  he  fhew  himiclf  a  man 
of  lefs  bravery  and  courage  in  encoun- 
tering dangers,  than  in  bearing  adverfi- 
ty ;  for  he  was  almoft  a  Privy  Coun- 
fcllor  to  King  Charles  the  Second,  even 
while  he  was  in  exile  5  he  managed 
chiefly  the  Kings  affairs  which  were  to 
be  tranfaclcd  at  home,  and  was  conccrn'd 
in  almoft  every  prudent  defign  againfl: 
the  tyrannical  ufurpcrs,  but  was  princi- 
pally conccrn'd  in  collecting  the  King's 
monies,  and  ferit  him  yearly  to  large  a 
fum,  that  indeed  he  fcem'd  to  be  his 
Trcafurcr. 

Laftly,  as  to  his  Munificence,  I  fhould 
be  impertinent,  if  I  were  to  relate  eve- 
ry inftance  of  that  virtue  in  him  :  It 
may  fuffice  to  compute  his  cxpences  in 
general  5  and,  to  pais  by  what  he  did  in 
a  private  fortune,  in  which  however  he 
fCtrieY'd  the  cftatc  of  the  family  (which 

E  3  was 


54        Bp.  Parker's  History 

was  in  a  manner  fpent  by  his  elder  bro- 
ther) in  behalf  of  the  children  of  the 
deceas'd;  after  he  was  rais'd  to  the  E- 
pifcopal  Throne,  in  which  he  fate  feven- 
teen  years,  he  fpent  feventy  three  thou- 
fand  pounds  in  works  of  Munificence 
and  Charity  j  and  yet  was  fo  wonder- 
fully prudent  in  the  conduft  of  his  af- 
fairs, that  after  he  had  laid  out  fo  much 
he  left  great  pofieffions,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  money  to  his  heirs,  and  aU 
fo  gave  by  legacy  to  all  his  fervants, 
whofc  number  was  not  a  little  one, 
rich  flipends,  as  long  as  they  fhould 
livco 

Thus  have  I  erected  this  fmall  monu- 
ment to  the  memory  of  fo  great  a  Man, 
intending  to  raife  a  larger,  and  one 
more  worthy  of  him  hereafter.  In  the 
mean  time,  I  have  in  fome  meafurc  fa- 
tisficd  my  grateful  remembrance  of  him : 
Altho'  I  fhall  fay  more  (if  it  plcafe  God) 
in  the  fequel  of  thefe  Annals,  for  he 
liv'd  till  1677.  at  which  time  being 
eighty  years  old,  he  died  too  foon,  and 
even  to  the  great  lofs  of  the  Church 

and 


Of  his  own  Time.  5j 

and  Kingdom.  But  I  (hall  take  care  (if 
God  gives  me  life)  to  let  pofterity  know 
how  the  affairs  of  the  Church  flood  at, 
and  after  the  time  of  his  death.  But 
now  to  return  to  the  courfe  of  our 
Annals,  from  whence  the  pleafing  idea 
of  this  illuftrious  Prelate  diverted  me* 
which  I  am  yet  unwilling  to  part  with, 
Whilft  the  States  of  the  kingdom  are 
careful  of  the  publick  peace,  and  ima- 
gine  that  they  have  defeated  all  the  at- 
tempts of  the  Rebels ;  at  the  very  fame 
time  (fuch  was  the  confidence  of  the  men) 
they  form'd  a  defign  of  an  univerfal  re- 
bellion throughout  the  nation.  Almofl 
at  the  fame  time  their  great  affembly 
(which  I  formerly  mentiond)  met  at 
London,  which  alone  manag'd  their  chief 
affairs.  Under  thefe,  a  kffer  affembly, 
of  fix  perfons,  a&ed 5  one  of  every  Fac- 
tion ;  for  there  were  fix  Fa&ions,  Pref- 
by terians ,  Independents ,  Anabaptifls , 
Quakers,  Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  and  Le- 
vellers. And  that  the  matter  might  be 
more  fecretly  carried  on  by  the  confent 
of  all,  this  council  of  fix  receiv'd  their 

E  4  inftruc- 


$€        Bp.  Parker's  History 

inftru&ions  from  the  fuprcme  council  ; 
neither  did  any  of  the  Confpirators  be- 
ftdes  know  what  this  affembly  was. 
Laftly,  thefe  fent  their  military  officers 
whitherfocver  they  pleas'd.  They  had 
their  meffengers  and  fpics  in  every  coun- 
ty. They  in  the  mean  while  were  plant- 
ed in  uncertain  places,  never  twice  in 
the  fame.  Neither  would  they  have 
any  partakers  of  their  counfcls,  nor 
treat  with  any  but  their  own  cmiflaries. 
So  that  whereas  they  had  all  of  them  ac- 
complices of  every  Faftion,  yet  there  were 
none  let  into  the  fecrets  of  their  dc- 
fighs  but  themfelvcs.  They  warily 
guarded  themfelvcs  againft  being  be- 
tray 'd,  fo  that  if  by  chance  any  difco- 
vcry  ftiould  break  out,  it  fhould  fpread 
no  farther ;  and  when  the  Confpiracy 
was  diffus'd  thro'  all  the  provinces  of 
the  kingdom,  yet  no  body  knew  who 
was  the  author  of  it.  For  the  fpics 
dealt  feparately  with  only  their  military 
officers,  and  did  not  know  one  another, 
that  if  any  one  of  them  was  acciden- 
tally taken,  he  could  accufe  no  one  be- 
yond 


Op  his  own  Time.  57 

yond  his  own  fpherc  and  county.  Hence 
there  was  a  great  report  fpread  on  all 
hands  concerning  a  Rebellion  5  letters 
were  fent  concerning  it  from  every  coun- 
ty to  the  prime  minifters  5  and  fo  great 
a  confirmation  had  feiz'd  the  minds  of 
the  citizens  of  London,  that  almoft  all 
that  fummer  the  train'd-bands  kept  watch 
in  the  city,  and  guards  at  the  walls  and 
before  the  gates.  There  was  a  great  and 
general  confirmation  5  but  all  alike 
wondred  what  were  the  grounds  of  it. 
But  at  length  fome  of  the  Confpirators 
being  taken  at  London,  on  the  15th  of 
October,  it  was  difcover'd  what  the  Con- 
fpiracy  was.  Neither  yet  could  the  pcr- 
fons  that  confefs'd,  difcover  any  but  their 
affociates  in  the  fame  band,  of  whom 
part  lay  conceal'd,  part  were  taken  5 
and  of  thefe  fome  fuffer'd  as  Rebels, 
according  to  law,  others  begging  par- 
don, the  royal  Clemency  fpafd  them  as 
ufually.  The  heads  of  the  Confpiracy 
were  Ludlow,  T>anvers,Lockier,  Strange, 
and  other  veteran  officers  of  Cromwell's 
army.     But  thefc  efcap  d,  either  by  flight 


58        Bp.  Parker's  History 

or  concealment.  Therefore  altha'  the 
Confpiracy  was  known,  yet  it  was  not 
broken  or  difpers'd,  but  the  Confpirators, 
with  daily-increafmg  ftrcngth,  carried  on 
a  violent  and  unnatural  war,  for  more 
than  twenty  years. 

But  fmce  their  engine  of  treachery 
was  now  firft  complcated,  I  muft  tell 
you  with  what  fraud,  with  what  villany, 
with  what  lying,  they  would,  ifpoffible, 
have  compafs'd  their  point.  And  indeed 
they  had  but  one  ftratagem  for  every 
thing,  namely,  that  old  one,  that  when- 
focver  their  hearts  are  big  with  any  mi£ 
chief,  they  endeavour  to  raife  tragical 
expe&ations  of  Popifh  affaflins,  and  of 
a  defign  to  maflacre  all  the  Proteftants. 
I:or  thus  their  ftory  was  laid.  For  when 
at  length  they  had  confpir'd  to  rife  in 
arms  on  the  laft  day  of  Offober,  under 
Ludlow  the  General,  who  had  promis'd 
to  be  prefent,  by  thefe  fictitious  letters  j 
they  fpreaci  a  report  concerning  a  mafla- 
cre to  be  pat  in  execution  by  the  Pa- 
pifts  on  that  very  day.  Their  letter  ran 
•   as: 

Sir, 


Of  his  own  Time.  5$ 

Sir, 
HTHrough  my  regard  to  the  friendjhip 
between  us,  and  my  common  affeEiion 
to  all  Trot  eft  ants  in  general,  this  to  in- 
form you,  that  about  a  fortnight  agoe,  a 
woman  well  known  to  us,  but  not  yet  to 
be  nantd  to  you,  was  privately  told  by 
a  certain  Topifb  Confpirator,  that  they 
Jhould  all  take  arms,  of  which  they  had 
a  great  number,  upon  the  laft  day  of 
Oftobcr.  Wherefore  we  thought  it  our 
duty  to  our  friends,  to  give  them  notice* 
with  as  much  caution  as  we  could,  what 
great  danger  they  are  in,  that  they  might 
by  allpojfible  means  defend  their  Religion^ 
King,  Country,  Themfelves,  and  Fami- 
lies. Take  care  that  you  do  notfufpe£i  that 
you  areimposd  on  by  any  trick  or  lie:  I 
call  God  Almighty  to  witnefs  to  the  re- 
ligious truth  of  this  narration.  Neither 
is  it  a  private  report,  but  the  thing  was 
declared  upon  oath,  before  a  Juftice  of 
peace,  and  communicated  by  him  to  the 
Trivy  Council.  But  what  the  iffue  was 
I  have  not  yet  heard.    Look  to  your 

felvesx 


Go        Bp.  Parker's  History 

felveSy   and  if  you  can  make  any  difco- 
very,  impart  it  to  us. 

Yours. 

They  fent  abroad  thefe  letters  to  their 
friends  in  every  county,  by  their  feveral 
cmiiTaries  5  fo  that  the  Papifts  in  feveral 
places,  efpecially  in  the  counties  of 
JVorcefter  and  Warwick,  were  taken  in- 
to cuflody.  And  in  the  city  of  Lon- 
don, they  had  five  thoufand  copies  ready 
to  difperfe  in  every  ftrcet,  juft  before 
their  attempt.  But  when  part  of  the 
Confpiracy  was  difcover'd  fo  foon,  it 
for  fomc  time  check'd  the  whole :  Se- 
veral were  taken,  amongfl  whom,  the 
chief  were,  Tongue,  an  old  Crom^ellian 
Officer,  and  Rigs,  a  Presbyterian  Teacher, 
formerly  Chaplain  to  Blake,  the  Admiral 
of  the  Rebels  fleet,  but  now  clerk  to  a 
brewer.  He  being  taken,  to  five  his 
own  life,  laid  open  the  whole  villany, 
and,  according  to  the  innate  treachery 
of  the  Presbyterian  Evangclifts,  accus'd 
his  accomplices,  whom  he  had  rirfl  cor- 
rupted. But  the  proofs  of  the  Confpi- 
racy 


Of   his  own  Time.  Ci 

racy  were  fo  very  plain,  that  the  perfons 
accus'd,  tho'  fome,  as  it  was  but  reafon- 
ablc  they  fhoud,  endeavoured  to  defend 
their  innocence ;  yet  when  they  law 
that  they  fhould  be  condemned,  they 
voluntarily  accus'd  themfelvcs,  and  in 
the  very  article  of  death,  every  one  of 
them,  in  their  fpeeches  which  they  made 
to  the  people,  ingenuoufly  confefs'd 
themfelvcs  guilty  of  Rebellion.  Thcfe 
were  fix,  Tongue,  Philips,  Stubbs,  Baker, 
and  the  two  Gibbs  that  were  brothers. 
But  one  of  the  priibners  nam'd  Hind, 
when  brought  to  the  bar,  did  not  think 
fit  to  ftand  his  tryal,  but  pleading  guilty, 
commended  himfelf  to  the  King's  mercy. 
Amongft  many  other  villanies  which 
they  had  refolv'd  upon,  they  firft  of  ail 
rciblv'd  to  kill  the  King  ;  entring  into 
a  joint  rcfolution,  that  they  would  treat 
him  no  otherwife,  than  he  would  treat 
Ludlow,  if  he  fhould  take  him.  Thefe 
were  the  very  words  of  the  confpiracy. 
But  it  happen'd,  that  that  very  fummer 
the  Queen  Mother  refided  at  Greenwich, 
whom  when  her  Son  often  us'd  to  vifit, 
1  they 


ct        Bp.  Parker's  History 

they  chofe  a  convenient  place  near  Cam- 
berwelly  where  the  Aflaflins  fhould  lie  in 
ambufh,  and  take  him.  But  the  Queen 
going  thence  to  London  unexpe&edly, 
and  (boner  than  fhe  had  rcfolv'd  with 
her  felf  to  go,  by  the  hafte  fhe  made  fhe 
preferved  the  life  of  her  Son  :  Which 
the  Confpirators  themfelves  openly  con- 
fefs'd.  They  declar'd  this  to  be  the  caufe 
of  the  war,  that  they  were  to  fight  againft 
Popery  and  Tyranny,  in  defence  of  their 
facred  and  civil  Liberties.  And  thus 
they  determined  to  govern  their  new 
Commonwealth  :  Firft,  they  would 
recall  their  old  regicide  Parliament. 
Secondly,  they  would  join  a  full  num- 
ber of  members  to  that  Rump.  Thirdly, 
they  would  choofe  no  man  that  had  not 
fhewn  himfelf  faithful  to  the  Good  Old 
Caufe,  (for  fo  they  call'd  their  own.) 
Fourthly,  every  Parliament  fhould  laft 
but  a  year.  Fifthly,  they  would  exer- 
cife  no  power  in  religious  matters,  or 
over  the  confeiences  of  men.  Sixthly, 
it  fhould  be  high  treafon  for  any  one 
to  endeavour  to  reftore  the  King,  houfc 

of 


Of  his  own  Time.  c$ 

of  Lords,  or  the  government  of  any 
fingle  Perfon.  Seventhly,  no  falarics 
fhould  be  granted  out  of  the  publick 
Treafury.  Eighthly,  as  long  as  they  be- 
haved themfclves  well,  it  fhould  be  high 
Treafon  not  to  obey  them. 

Without  doubt  it  mull  have  been  a 
lafting  Republick,  which  was  to  conti- 
nue as  long  as  it  pleas'd  a  fanatick 
multitude,  and  no  longer.  Such  was 
the  emulation  between  the  two  factions, 
that  they  found  it  was  a  very  difficult 
matter,  to  bring  the  divided  minds  of 
the  Presbyterians  and  Independents  in- 
to their  priftine  concord.  But  when  that 
was  done,  all  the  leffer  feds,  which  dregs 
were  the  fpawn  of  their  corruption, 
were  ever  in  a  readinefs.  But  now  the 
friendfhip  of  the  brethren  being  renew'd, 
the  old  Republick  feem'd  to  be  as  it 
were  rcftor'd  ;  nor  did  they  afterwards 
queftion,  but  that  they  fhould  obtain 
the  fupreme  Power.  Thefe  things  I 
collected  out  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
Court,  which  were  at  that  time  pub- 
lifh'd,  almoft  word  for  word, 

3  In 


64        Bp.  Parker's  History 

i 66$.  In  the  beginning  of  the  following 
fpring,  the  King,  being  both  terrified 
with  fuch  frequent  and  formidable  Con- 
fpiracies,  and  prevailed  upon  by  the  ar- 
tifices and  treachery  of  fome  about  him, 
publinYd  a  Proclamation,  for  fufpend- 
ing  in  part  the  Aft  of  Uniformity  5  and, 
provided  the  Schifmaticks  would  be 
peaceable  for  the  time  to  come,  he  grant- 
ed them  liberty  of  confcience,  fo  long 
as  they  behaved  themfelves  well.  Which 
being  communicated  by  him  to  the  Par- 
liament, that  by  their  permiffion  alfo, 
the  Indulgence  (as  they  cal-l'd  it)  to  ten- 
der confciences  might  be  confirm'd> 
they  with  great  zeal  oppos'd  it,  and  de- 
fended the  Law  as  their  Palladium  and 
chief  fecurity.  They  haftncd  to  the 
King,  and  begg'd  and  prefs'd  him,  that 
he  would  not  leffen  his  own  authority 
fo  much  as  to  indulge  faftious  men, 
who  under  the  mafquc  of  confcience 
meditate  nothing  but  Rebellion.  For  if 
the  force  and  authority  of  that  Law  was 
once  at  an  end,  there  would  hereafter 
be  no  fence  againft  Atheifts  and  wicked 

men  ; 


Of  his  owS  Timej  i'j 

men;  the  difcipline  of  the  Church  could 
llo  longer  ftand,  and  its  ccnfurcs  would  be 
defpis'd.  Neither  did  it  become  the  pru- 
dence and  gravity  of  the  Parliament,  to 
repeal,  without  cauie,  this  year,  a  Law 
which  they  had  pafs'd  but  the  year  be- 
fore j  and  the  King's  peace  would  be 
only  more  and  more  difturbed*  for  if  he 
would  fuffer  himfelf  to  be  overcome  by 
thefe  people's  importunity,  they  would  be 
baiting  him  with  their  importunities  for 
ever,  and  innumerable  new  Herefies 
would  be  the  confequcncc  of  that  dif- 
honourable  liberty  $  neither  would  there 
be  any  end  of  fanatick  fury :  That  the 
Church  it  fclf  would  become  defolate : 
And  laftly,  it  was  not  Indulgence  which 
the  Schifmaticks  defir'd,  but  Empire: 
And  as  foon  as  they  mould  find  their 
numbers  ftrong  enough,  they  wou'd  in- 
vade the  Government  with  open  Force, 
The  King  yielded  to  their  importunity 
for  a  time,  but  could  never  be  prevail'd 
Upon  to  change  his  opinion,  till  by  the  fad 
event  of  things,  and  the  infolent  rebel- 
lion of  the  Schifmaticks,  he  found  that 
F  the 


6G        Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  Parliament  were  not  only  faithful  in 
their  counfel,  but  right  in  their  predic- 
tions, as  if  they  had  been  a  prophetick 
College. 

The  Parliament  rifing  on  the  3d  o£Au- 
gufty  after  they  had  granted  the  King  a 
fubfidy,  the  Fa&ions  purfue  the  forming 
of  their  Rebellion  ;  a  thoufand  arms  be- 
ing bought  in  Holland  by  one  Cole  (who 
had  been  in  every  Confpincy)  were 
brought  over  into  England*  libels  were 
difpers'd  amongft  the  common  people  \ 
in  one  of  thefc  they  taught  that  it  was 
lawful  for  the  people  to  kill  their  Kings  $ 
that  the  Law  of  God  did  not  exempt 
the  perfon  of  the  King  from  the  two- 
edged  fword,  which  he  had  put  into 
the  hands  of  his  faints  to  be  drawn  a- 
gainft  the  ungodly  of  whatfoever  qua- 
lity and  condition  :  That  now,  if  ever, 
the  time  was  come  for  the  people  of  the 
Lords  to  fell  their  garments,  and  buy 
them  i words :  That  the  Tyrant  (mean- 
ing the  King)  whatfoever  authority  he 
has,  he  has  it  wholly  from  the  people  : 
That  we  arc  not  fcrvants  of  the  Tyrant, 

but 


OF    HIS    OWN    'T*  I  ME;  6  J 

but  that  he  ought  to  ferve  us  5  and  there- 
fore fincc  he  had  fhewn  himfclf  unworthy 
of  his  office,  it  was  but  juit  he  fhould  be 
deposed.  In  another,  they  afiertcd  that 
Charles  the  Firft  was  juftly  beheaded  : 
That  'Penry,  Barrow,  and  others  of  the 
Puritan  Faction  formerly  executed,  were 
.wickedly  flain  ;  becaufe  they  had  freely 
given  teftimony,  according  to  their  duty, 
againft  the  tyranny  and  fuperftition  of  the 
Prelates.  And  laitJy,  they  recommend- 
ed the  example  of  Ehud's  killing  King 
Egloriy  to  the  imitation  of  the  faints  of 
this  age.  But  nothing  more  vehement- 
ly mov'd  the  people,  than  whole  vo- 
lumes of  fermons  publifh'd,  which  the 
ejected  Miniftcrs  had  preaclfd  as  their 
farewel  fermons,  before  the  fcaft  of  St. 
Bartholomew.  Great  was  the  fale  of 
thefe  books,  being  ftrong  fecnted  with 
fedition :  And  the  people  of  every  pa- 
rifti  out  of  which  any  were  ejected, 
were  inflam'd  with  inch  anger  and  ha- 
tred, that  they  purlucd  thole  that  turn'd 
them  out,  with  a  warmth  and  violence 
like  that  of  him,  that  in  times  of  old 
F  z  had 


6  8        Bp.  Parker's  History 

had  his  idols  taken  from  him.  By  thefe 
fraudulent  practices,  they  kept  up  fuch 
avcrfion  in  the  minds  of  the  people  to 
the  King's  Government,  that  they  thought 
themfelves  fure,  that  when  the  matter 
came  to  blows  they  mould  never  want 
volunticrs. 

Whilft  thefe  things  were  tranfa&ed  in 
England,  the  fame  affair  went  forward 
in  Ireland. 

On  the  25  th  of  January,  1662,  one 
Thilip  Alden  made  a  voluntary  difcovery 
of  a  Confpiracy  to  fubvert  the  Govern- 
ment in  all  the  three  Kingdoms  5  and  this 
he  made  to  Vernon  a  military  Officer  of  the 
King's,  and  a  man  of  entire  fidelity  to  the 
King.  This  Alden  had  been  an  old  Rebel, 
a  dealer  in  profcriptions  and  forfeited  e- 
ftates,  and  a  leading  enemy  of  the  Royal 
Caufe.  But  Vernon  had  fo  oblia;'d  him, 
by  begging  his  life  of  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant, that  as  a  return  for  that  kindnefs, 
he  promls'd  that  if  ever  he  could  diico- 
Vcr  any  wicked  defign  of  the  Rebels  a- 
gainft  the  King,  he  would  communicate 
it  to  him :  For  he  made  a  figure  in  their 

Coun- 


Op  his  own  Time.  6? 

Counfels,  and  Ludlow  committed  the 
Irijh  affairs  to  his  trull,  fo  as  no  one 
exceeded  him  in  authority  among  the 
Rebels.  He  therefore,  the  Confpiracy 
being  brought  to  fome  maturity,  ingc- 
nuoufly  confefs'd  it  all  to  Vernon^  that 
there  was  a  fecret  committee  of  Con- 
fpirators  that  late  daily  in  the  city  of 
^Dublin  y  that  they  treated  of  all  matters 
amongft  themfcives,  lifted  men  into  their 
Confpiracy,  declared  the  caufes  of  the 
War,  and  affign'd  every  officer  his  poll:  in 
the  Army.  Thefc  were  fix  in  number, 
befide  the  informer :  Shapcott  a  Colo- 
nel, partly  a  Lawyer,  partly  a  Soldier, 
a  pernicious  creature  with  his  tongue,  as 
well  as  his  teeth  ;  JVarren  and  Thomfon 
Lieutenant  Colonels,  Sanfordz  Captain, 
Blood  a  Lieutenant,  and  Bond  a  Scotch 
Merchant.  Vernon  foon  imparted  the  dil- 
covcry  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  the  moft 
illuftrious  Duke  of  Ormond,  to  whom  he 
was  very  dear.  The  Lord  Lieutenant 
fent  for  the  difcoverer  to  him,  who  laid , 
open  the  whole  matter;  and  being  in- 
due'd  by  promiics,  allures  him  that  he 
F  3  will 


jo        Bi\  Parker's  History 

will  difcovcr    every  ftep    of   the   Con 
fpiracy  as  they  fhould  proceed.     In  the 
month  of  March,    the  leaders  of  their 
Army  were  chofen,  troops  made  up  out 
of  their  meetings,  which  they  had  now 
very    frequent,    Forces    were    quartered 
through  'all  Ireland,  and  Corrcfponden- 
cies  were  fuccefsfully  carried  on  in  Eng- 
land, Scotland  and  Holland.    All  things 
being  thus  made  ready  to  their  minds, 
the  next  year,  which  was  1663,  they  rc- 
folve  to  open   the  war  on  the  1 1  th  of 
May,    with  the  fiege  of  the  caftle    of 
'Dublin.     The   Lord    Lieutenant,    who 
knew  the   whole  matter,    had   a  great 
number  of  foldicrs  there  in  a  rcaclinefs, 
who  were    commanded     by   his    three 
[ons,  men  of  the  grcatcfr  bravery.    Thefe 
ib  diipofcl  their  men    upon  the  Walls, 
as  not    fo  much  to  drive    away,    as  to 
take  the  enemy.     But  Blood,    and  one 
Chambers,  who  were  lent  by  the  toil- 
fpirators  as  fpies  by  night,  when  they  faw 
every  place  fo  well  fene'd  and  guarded, 
being'  affrighted,  they  haffned  to  tell  the 
Committee    that    thev    were    betvay'd, 

\i4 


Of  his  own  Time.'  71 

And  they,  not  doubting  that  a  difcovcry 
was  made,  prefently  difpers'd  thcmielvcs, 
waiting  for  another  more  convenient 
Day.  But  the  Lord  Lieutenant  had  fo 
placd  watches  that  he  had  taken  fome 
of  their  Leaders  within  the  walls,  who 
afterwards,  being  tried  and  condemn'd 
for  Treafon,  were  hane'd.  Amond 
thefc  were  Warren  and  Jephfon,  Colo- 
nels, and  at  the  fame  time  members  of 
the  Irifh  Parliament.  Befuies  thefe,  nine 
others  of  the  fame  Afiembly,  being  found 
guilty  of  the  fame  crime,  were,  two 
years  after,  the  Parliament  being  pro- 
rogued to  that  time,  fent  into  banifh- 
ment  by  Aft  of  Parliament 5  andTtom- 
fon  an  Officer,  and  Lackey  a  Presbyterian 
Teacher,  were  hamAi.  But  thousih  he 
alone  of  all  their  Teachers  was  taken, 
yet  he  had  feven  more  brethren,  ailb- 
ciatcs  and  partners  in  this  wicked  Con- 
fpiracy :  The  names  of  thefe  were  Cox, 
Chambers,  Hart,  Cormack,  Bains,  King, 
and  Charnock.  This  Charnock  had  been 
Chaplain  to  Henry  Cromwell,  advane'd 
to  that  dignity  by  the  recommendation 
F*  of 


7%        Bp.  Parker's  History 

of  John  Owen  ;  he  was  fent  by  the 
Confpirators  as  their  agent  to  London, 
and  promis'd  them  great  affiftance  there  % 
as  Gibbs,  Car-,  and  others  had  done  in 
Scotland  and  Holland.  But  the  Conipi- 
racy  being  now  difcover'd,  he  again  fled 
into  England,  and  changing  the  name 
of  Charnock  into  Clark,  he  cxercis'd 
great  authority  at  London  amongft  the 
Fanaticks,  and  long  prefided  in  a  large 
Conventicle  j  for  he  did  not  die  till  two 
years  after,  anno\6%-$.  and  they  carried 
his  body  through  the  city  to  be  interr'd 
with  the  pomp  of  a  royal  funeral. 

They  declar'd  the  caufes  of  the  war 
to  be,  That  the  King  had  abus'd  their 
patience ;  that  ncglc&ing  the  Proteftants, 
by  whofe  only  help  he  was  reftor'd  to 
his  Kingdoms,  he  had  encourag'd  only 
Popilh  Ailaffins  :  That  he  had  taken 
the  cftates  which  the  Protectants  (that  is 
Cromwell's  Rebels)  had  merited  by  iuch 
dangers  and  labours,  and  given  them  to 
the  Papifts  :  That  is,  the  King  had  rc« 
ftor'd  to  the  lawful  owners,  men  of  en- 
tire fidelity  to  him,  thole  eftates  which 
i  Cromwell 


Or  his  own  Time.  75 

Cromwell  had  given  as  rewards  to  his 
Soldiers,    out  of  the  patrimony  of  Pa- 
pifts  that  had  flood   by  the  King,    and 
who  had  not  only  approved  thcmfelves 
Gentlemen  of   firm  fidelity  to  his  Ma- 
jefty,  but  were  indeed  the  right  Owners: 
And  that  he  had  converted  a  great  Tax 
that  had  been  rais'd  to  pay  the  old  Sol- 
diers, to  the  advantage  of  the  Papifts  : 
And  laftly,  that  the  Lord  Lieutenant  had 
committed  the  fame  offence,  held  fecret 
corrcfpondcncc  with  Papifts,  and  appear'd 
in   their   behalf   in   every   judgment    a- 
gainft  the  Proteftants.     By  which   (fay 
they)  we  know  what  is  decreed  againft 
us,  and  therefore  let  us  defend  our  Coun- 
try, our  Wives  and  our  Children  from 
excifion.     And  as  of  old,  the  people  of 
Ifrael  laid  violent  hands  upon  Saul,  tho" 
he  were   a   King,    when   he  threatned 
death  to  Jonathan^    an  innocent  man, 
adjuring  him  by  the  immortal  God,   that 
he  mould  not  die  that  day ;  to  wc  doubt 
not  but  all  purer  Proteftants  will  take 
arms  with  us  in  fo  good  a  caufc.    There- 
fore we  proclaim  Liberty  of  Confciencc 

to 


74        Bp.  Parker's  History 

to  every  one;  by  which  alone  we  know 
the  Proteftant  Religion  can  be  eftablifh'd  : 
We  will  reftore  to  every  one  his  Pof- 
feffions  which  he  poflefs'd  before  the 
King's  Return  5  and  we  promife  to  give 
the  Army  their  full  pay.  To  perform 
which,  (for  fo  they  conclude)  we  doubt 
not  but  the  Lord  of  Hofts,  the  Almigh- 
ty God  of  Jacob,  will  ftretch  forth  his 
affifting  hand. 

The  witnefics  of  this  Confpiracy  were, 
befides  this  informer,  Sanford,  one  alio 
of  their  fecrct  Committee,  Tanner,  Scot, 
Foukes,  appointed  Officers  in  the  Army, 
who  being  taken,  made  the  fame  difco- 
very  as  the  other  before  had  done.  But 
there  was  a  more  confidcrable  Witnefs 
than  all  theft,  Sir  Thcophilus  Jones  5  for 
whereas  they  had  deliberated  chiefly  up- 
on three  things  ;  Firft,  whether  they 
fhould  kill  the  King  ?  Secondly,  whe- 
ther they  fhould  kill  the  Duke  of  Or- 
mond?  And  laftly,  whether  they  fhould 
let  a  General,  or  a  Council  of  Officers 
over  the  Army?  The  two  former  they 
icfolv'd  upon, having  coniulted  the  Scotch 

Prcsby- 


Of  his  own  Time.'      ~  ?-   f§ 

Presbyterians  by  Cdrntack  their  emiflfary : 
And  as  to  the  third,  they  refolv'd  not  to 
fet  one,  but  fcveral  over  the  Army.  And 
they  chofe  Ludlow,    Mazarene,   Baron 
Aitdley  Merlin  Knight,    Edward  Maf- 
fey  Knight,    Richard  Ingoldsby  Knight, 
Harry  Crornwelly  John  Skeffinton  Knight, 
Colonel  Carr  and  Theophilus  Jones  Kc. 
But  he  being  nearer  to  their  Affairs  than 
the  reft,  and  a  brave  and  expericne  d  Of- 
ficer, and  of  great  intcrcft  among  the  Sol- 
diers, they  refolv'd  to  try  him  firft,  which 
>vas  done  by  Jephfon.    He  pretended  to 
promifc  fecrccy  and  alTiftance,  5  when  iri 
the  mean  time  being  weary  of  his  old 
Rebellion,  he  return'd  to  his  Duty,  and 
without  delay  he  difcovcr'd  to  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  all  the  mcafures  of  the  Con- 
(piracy  which  he  had  lcarn'd  homjeph- 
fon ;    and  thefe    agreeing   fo  well  with 
yllderis  confeffions,  gave  undoubted  proof 
of  the  whole  defign.     But  the  Difcoverer 
himfelf,  that  the  difcovery  might  be  the 
better  conccal'd,    was  thrown  into  pri- 
fon  along  with  the  reft  5    from  whence 
ft  was    pretended   that  he  made  his  e- 

fcapc  j 


7^        Bp.  Parker's  History 

fcape  y  tho'  in  truth  he  was  privately  feat 
by  the  Lord  Lieutenant  into  England  to 
the  King,  and  out-law'd  for  this  pretend- 
ed efcape. 

The  King  cmbrac'd  the  man,  and  bade 
him  go  on,  and  ftill  make  one  in  the 
Councils  of  the  Rebels.  Accordingly, 
he  was  prefent  at  all ;  neither  did  he 
conceal  any  thing  from  the  King.  He 
held  a  clofe  correfpondence  with  Lud- 
low by  letters,  fent  all  his  letters  to  the 
King,  and  difcover'd  whatfoever  was 
tranfa&ed  at  home :  So  that  the  King 
had  all  the  Confpirators  as  it  were  fhut 
up  in  a  ficge  3  by  which  means  all  their 
projects  came  to  nothing.  He  performed 
this  fervicc  with  great  fidelity,  even  to 
the  year  1 666,  when  being  taken  amongft 
other  fufpected  perfons,  by  fomc  body 
that  was  either  weak,  or  ignorant  of 
this  contrivance,  and  fomc  letters  from 
the  Duke  of  Ormond's  fervants,  directed 
to  him,  being  imprudently  publifh'd,  he 
began  to  be  fufpefted  amongft  his  party. 
Therefore  he  loft  all  credit  and  commerce 
with  them,    and  from  that  time  quitted 

the 


Of   his  own  Time.  77 

the  part  he  was  to  aft,  and  retir'd  to  a 
private  life.  Among  the  Confpirators 
was  Thomas  Walcott,  an  old  Captain, 
the  fame  that,  twenty  years  after,  in  1 6  8  3 , 
was  appointed  chief  of  that  defperate 
Confpiracy,  in  which  they  intended  to 
murder  the  King  and  the  Duke  of  Tork, 
in  their  journey  from  Newmarket  to 
London :  But  the  villany  being  difcover'd, 
he  was  taken,  condemn  d  and  hang'd ; 
and  he  and  his  accomplices  freely  con- 
fefs'd  the  whole  at  the  gallows.  In  his 
laft  words,  in  a  threatning  manner,  he 
advifed  the  King  to  take  care  of  himfelf, 
for  that  the  Confpiracy  was  laid  fo 
wide,  and  fo  clofe,  thro*  all  the  three 
Kingdoms,  that  if  he  had  a  defire  to 
be  fafe,  he  muft  make  peace  and  friend- 
ship with  the  Fanaticks;  otherwife  he 
and  his  dcareft  Brother  would  fome  time 
or  other  fall  by  their  fwords. 

The  fame  year,  1663,  a  wider  flame 
of  the  fame  Confpiracy  broke  out  in 
England,  which,  if  it  had  not  been 
taken  in  time  and  extinguifh'd,  would 
fuddenly  have  fpread  throughout  the  Na- 
tion. 


78        Bp.  P  a  r  k  e  r's  History 

tion.  For  had  not  a  part  of  the  Coir 
/piracy  in  the  Northern  Counties  broke 
out  into  action  before  the  time  appoint- 
ed, there  is  no  doubt  but  the  whole 
wou'd  have  appeared  in  a  fudden  blaze 
at  once  5  for  the  AiTembly  at  London  had 
chofen  the  12th  of  OEiobery  as  the  day 
upon  which  they  mould  all  at  one  hour 
ftand  to  their  arms :  But  when  they  could 
not  get  every  thing  ready  at  London  at 
the  appointed  time  (as  it  commonly  hap- 
pens) they  deferr'd  the  matter  twelve 
days  longer.  But  the  zeal  of  the  Nor- 
thern men  could  not  refrain  it  felf  fo 
long,  but  -fomc  of  them,  on  the  day 
firft  appointed,  appear'd  in  aims,  in  a 
place  call'd  FarnlyGioy^  near  the  town 
of  Leeds,  rich  in  woollen  manufacture, 
in  the  Wefc  Riding  of  lorkfoire.  Thcfc 
being  prefently  routed  and  taken,  made 
a  difcovery  of  the  whole  Confpiracy  5 
tho'  the  King  indeed  had  them  before,, 
as  it  were  in  a  net,  as  fhail  be  told  here- 
after. The  leader  of  the  Conlpirators 
was  Thomas  Oats,  a  Captain.  The  chief 
of  the  WitnciTes  who   dilcover'd  their 

accom- 


Of  his  own  Time.  75) 

accomplices,  were  his  two  fons,  Ralph 
Oats,  Maftcr  of  Arts,  and  his  younger 
brother  Samuel,  a  name  in  which  Rebels 
and  Informers  feenrd  to  have  an  extra- 
ordinary fharc.     They  would  have  given 
in  evidence  upon  oath  againft  their  own 
father,    had   not   the  Judges  forbid    it. 
Though  indeed  the  thing  was  io  plain 
without  Witneffes,  that  Oats  the  father 
durft  not  venture  himfelf  upon  his  trial, 
but  confciling  his  crime,    implored  the 
King's  mercy.     I  am  afraid  the  Libel  in 
which  they  acclar'd  the  caufes  of  the  war, 
is  loft  5  but,  as  was  proved  by  the  feve- 
ral  WitneiTes,  it  was  made  up  of  thele 
articles,  whereby  all  parties  of  Schifma- 
ticks  might  be  more  eaftly  drawn  into 
their  caufe.      The  firft,    which  was   in 
favour  of  the  Presbyterians,  was  for  re- 
ftoring  the  authority  of  the  old  Rebel- 
Parliament.     The  next  was  for  rcftoring 
the  ejected  Minifters.     And  then,    that 
all  of    them  might  be  footh'd  at   once, 
Liberty  of  Confcience  was  to  be  allowed 
to  every  one  >    Tithes  and  Taxes  were 
to  betaken  off:  And  laftly,  all  the  an- 
1  tient 


So        Bp.  Parker's  History 

tient  Liberties  of  their  Country,  that 
had  been  violated  by  the  long  tyranny 
of  Kings,  were  to  be  renew'd  by  force 
of  arms.  And,  to  fay  all  in  a  word, 
all  the  Fanaticks  were  for  different  rea- 
fons,  but  with  one  content,  to  wage  war 
inceffantly  againft  the  prefent  ftate  of 
affairs  under  kingly  Government. 

And  therefore  the  chief  contrivers  of 
this  Confpiracy  were  fome  Presbyterians 
that  were  eje&ed  on  that  fad  day  of  Si. 
Bartholomew ;  more  efpecially  Richard- 
forty  a  Do&or  of  Divinity,  Dean  of  Rip- 
fon,  a  man  infamous  for  drunkennefs, 
lewdnefs,  and  all  manner  of  debauchery  ; 
and  Marfden,  formerly  Chaplain  to  O- 
verton,  an  Anabaptift  Colonel,  Govcr- 
nour  of  Hull.  Richardfon  manag  d  all 
affairs  in  the  Country  5  Marfden  was  for 
the  mod  part  their  agent  with  the  Af- 
fembly  at  London-,  that  he  might  fend 
their  commands  to  the  leffer  meetings 
in  the  country,  which  they  always  pro- 
claimed in  their  Conventicles.  Both  of 
them,  the  Confpiracy  being  difcover'd, 
were  profcrib'd.      Richardfon   died    \\\ 

exile  § 


Of  his  own  Time.  8i 

exile  5  Marfden  changing  his  name  to 
Ralph/on,  liv'd  twenty  years  fafe  at  Lon- 
don, and  had  a  large  Conventicle  under 
his  care  ;  for  he  did  not  die  till  1683. 
To  thefc  were  join'd  other  Schifma- 
ticks  of  the  fame  condition  in  other 
places.  Fijher  lately  of  Sheffield,  a  place 
famous  for  iron- work,  promised  a  great 
number  of  thofe  artificers ;  as  did  Har- 
mat  age,  ejected  out  of  Holbec.  Stedd 
a  Scot,  who  had  been  thrown  out  of  a 
Parifti  in  "Devonshire,  held  the  office  of 
a  Legate  and  Nuncio  between  the  Eng- 
lijh  Fanaticks  and  his  own  countrymen. 
But  the  molt  aftive  of  all  in  the  af- 
fair, was  one  Atkinfon,  a  travelling  Ped- 
lar, who  in  his  little  fhop  that  hung  at 
his  back,  carried  letters  through  all  parts 
of  the  Kingdom  with  incredible  expe- 
dition. They  had  alfo  officers  on  every 
fide,  who  might  in  a  moment  head  their 
Soldiers,  as  it  were  in  their  proper  Quar- 
ters, in  the  nearcft  county  of  Notting- 
ham, Bifhoprick  of  Durham  and  Lan- 
cafhire.  But  thofe  in  whom  they  plac'd 
their  chief  confidence  and  hopes,  faird 

G  them 


8z        Bp.  Parker's  History 

them  mot  Smith f on >  formerly  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel  to  Lilbnrn>  and  Great- 
head,  Lieutenant  Colonel  to  Lambert, 
were  the  one  appointed  General  of  the 
North,  the  other  of  the  Weft  Riding 
of  Torkjhire.  But  thefc  truly  volunta- 
rily difcover'd  the  whole  matter  at  Tork. 
By  which  difcovery  they  loft  all  oppor- 
tunity of  meeting  together  5  fo  that  when 
Oats  had  hid  a  few  of  his  men  in  the 
wood  at  night,  they  had  fcarcc  feparated 
at  break  of  day,  before  mod:  of  them 
were  carried  off  from  their  march  into 
prifon.  So  happy  was  the  end  of  fo 
dangerous  a  Confpiracy.  But  indeed 
the  King  was  beforehand  with  them  in 
knowing  all  their  counfcls ;  for  thus  he 
fpeaks  to  both  Houfes,  in  a  fpecch  which 
he  made  to  his  Parliament,  the  year  af- 
ter, on  the  2 1  ft  of  March. 

"  By  the  late  northern  rebellion  you 
"  find,  that  our  old  enemies  whom  we 
"  have  fo  mercifully  fpar'd,  have  by 
"  no  means  laid  afide  their  antient  ha- 
"  trcd.     But  you  have  not  yet  fcarch'd 

"  to 


Or  his   own  Time,  85 

*  to  the  bottom  of  that  villany.  Be- 
u  lieve  mc,  it  is  but  a  little  part  of  the 
"  confpiracy  that  is  found  out,  it  being 
u  the  offspring  of  that  former  one , 
u  which  I  difcovcr'd  to  you  two  years 
ic  ago ;  and  which  daily  increafes  and 
"  fprcads  into  all  parts.  But  all  their 
u  counfels  are  known  to  me  ;  and  in- 
"  deed  if  I  had  not  firft  known  the 
"  hour,  and  the  feveral  places  of  their 
"  meetings  in  the  North,  and  had  not 
"  daily  difappointcd  them,  not  only  by 
"  the  Militia,  but  my  own  Guards,  they 
"  would  foon  have  appear'd  openly  in 
"  great  numbers  in  the  field. 

"  Nor  do  you  think  that  the  puniftV 
u  ment  of  a  few  has  put  a  flop  to  it, 
"  but  at  the  very  fame  time  that  they  fee 
"  their  accomplices  going  to  the  place ' 
<c  of  execution,  they  arc  purfuing  the 
"  fame  wicked  mcafurcs.  I  certainly 
"  know  that  they  have  correfpondence 
"with  all  defperate  abandon'd  men  in 
u  every  county,  and  a  great  aiTembly  in 
tc  this  city,  by  whofe  advice  all  things 
<c  are  tranfaded  in  the  country  5  and  by 
G  2  "  their 


?4        Bp.    Parkers  History 

"  their  command  they  luckily  deferr'd 
"  their  laft  defign  5  for  when  by  their 
"  ill  conduct  the  Confpiracy  was  broken 
"  and  divided,  it  naturally  came  to  no- 
"  thing.  I  am  nearer  to  all  their  coun- 
"  fels  than  they,  with  all  their  cunning, 
"  fufpect,  and  I  hope  I  mail  fiiortly  ac- 
"  quaint  you  with  all  their  villany.  In 
"  the  mean  time  let  us  all  watch  with 
"  greater  diligence  for  the  fafety  of  the 
"  Kingdom,  than  they  do  for  its  de- 
"  ftru&ion. 

Hence  it  appears,  from  the  tcftimony 
of  the  King  himfelf,  who  had  iccn 
thro'  the  whole  defign,  what  was  the 
ftate  of  affairs  in  thofe  times :  That  they 
never  had,  and  never  would  make  peace 
with  him ;  that  the  war  they  waged, 
was  to  be  a  perpetual  one,  and  no  arms 
to  be  laid  down,  but  in  the  deftruction 
of  the  one  or  the  other,  or  perhaps  of 
both,  as  it  commonly  happens.  For  at 
the  fame  time  that  thefc  things  were 
done  in  the  North,  they  incited  the 
people  to  Rebellion  by  infamous  Libels : 

For 


Of  his  own  Time.  8j 

For  whereas  the  1 2th  of  October  was 
the  day  appointed  for  taking  arms,  four 
days  before,  fomc  papers  haftning  thro' 
the  prefs,  and  almoft  fmifh'd,  were  feiz'd. 
In  thefe  the  horrid  murder  of  King 
Charles  the  firft  was  juftify'd  and  extoll'd. 
They  affirm'd  that  there  had  not  been 
fo  glorious  and  pious  a  work  done  fincc 
the  times  of  the  Apoftles  j  that  the  ho- 
ly Martyrs  leaving  Heaven  would  be  wil- 
ling to  fuffer  again  for  fo  good  a  caufe ; 
that  no  pious  man  upon  earth  would 
decline  it  ;  that  they  were  to  be  accurf- 
ed  who  would  not  come  to  its  afliftance  5 
that  the  City,  Town  or  Country  that 
would  not  join  in  it,  would  perifh  by 
divine  Vengeance,  and  the  like.  Pour 
Printers  were  taken  5  one  of  thefe, 
whofe  name  was  Twine,  was  hang'd  5 
three  others  being  call:  into  prifon,  two 
of  them  died  of  grief  and  anguifh  of 
mind,  and  their  funerals  were  attended 
with  a  train  of  followers,  at  leaft  three 
thoufand  men. 

In    the   beginning  of  the  following  1664. 
year,  which  was   1664,   a  war  was  re-  1665. 

G  3  folved 


$6        Bp.  Parker's  History 

folved  upon  again!!:  the  'Dutch,  by  the 
unanimous  confent  of  both  Houtes,  on 
the  26th  of  May.  For  whereas  they 
had  with  great  contempt  and  infolencc 
committed  great  violences  and  piracies 
upon  the  Englijh  merchants  for  a  long 
time;  they  added  the  fummer  before 
publick,  and  perhaps  unheard  of  trea- 
chery to  thole  private  injuries.  For 
when  the  Eng/ifh  and  'Dutch,  at  the  re- 
queft  of  the  latter,  fent  their  confederate 
Fleets  againft  xhzAlgerine  Rovers,  whilft 
Law/on,  the  Admiral  of  the  King's  Fleet, 
with  equal  fidelity  and  bravery  purfued 
the  enemy  ;  Renter,  the  Admiral  of  the 
Dutch  Fleet,  by  the  command  of  the 
States,  fhcer'd  by  ftcalth  to  the  Coafls  of 
Guinea,  and  without  any  war  declared, 
attack'd  the  Englijh  that  were  icatter'd 
and  difpers'd  upon  the  coaft.  By  which 
villany  the  anger  and  indignation  of  the 
Englijh  Nation  was  fo  provok'd,  that 
they  never  before  concurr'd,  with  io  ge- 
neral and  unanimous  a  fpirit,  as  now, 
to  revenge  this  treachery.  However,  a 
year  was  fpent  in  the  preparations  for 

war, 


Op  his   own  Time.  87 

war,  and  in  the  demands  of  a  jtifl:  peace, 
if  it  were  poffibk  to  be  obtain'd.  But 
when  the  King's  Embailadors  had  rccciv'd 
nothing  but  fcorn  and  reproaches,  in  the 
beginning  of  the  following  fpring,  on 
the  2  2d  of  May,  the  King's  Fleet  fail'd 
out  of  port  for  the  war  3  of  the  event 
of  which  we  fhall  fpeak  under  the  next 
year.  In  the  mean  time  the  Schifma- 
ticks,  when  they  found  the  King  in- 
volved in  fo  great  a  war,  were  animated, 
and  lifted  up  themfclvcs  with  more  than 
ufual  boldnefs.  And  on  the  other  hand, 
the  King  and  Parliament  having  now 
fufficiently  experiene'd  the  impudence 
and  fpirit  of  their  faftion,  reiblv'd  to 
check  and  curb  their  infolencc  by  ftricter 
laws ;  left  being  engag'd  in  a  foreign 
war,  they  might  be  difturb'd  by  intcf- 
tine  tumults.  Por  the  rcfolution  of  Par- 
liament was  hardly  pafs'd  againft  the 
'Dutch,  when  forthwith  complaints  were 
daily  brought  to  the  Parliament  from 
every  part  of  the  kingdom,  of  outrage- 
ous and  tumultuary  commotions  of  the 
Panaticks.  Hereupon  the  old  Aft  of 
G  4  Queen 


8  8        Bp.  Parkers  History 

Queen  Elizabeth,  made  in  the  35th  of 
her  Reign,  againft  Conventicles,  was 
now  revived  and  enlarg'd. 

For  the  firft  offence,  the  Schifmaticks 
were  fin'd  five  pounds  5  for  the  fecond, 
ten  5  for  the  third,  they  were  to  be  pu- 
niflVd  with  banifhment ;  and  if  they  re- 
turn'd  without  leave,  with  death.  And 
in  the  next  place,  by  the  King's  Procla- 
mation, all  the  Cromisjellian  Officers  were 
order'd  to  depart  twenty  miles  from 
London.  And  the  Juftices  and  Deputy 
Lieutenants  in  the  feveral  counties,  be- 
ing animated  by  the  example  of  the  King 
and  Parliament,  difpers'd  their  meetings 
in  cities  and  towns  every  where.  Which 
when  the  Schifmaticks  law  done  in  ear- 
ner!:, mod  of  them  eafily  gave  way :  The 
Quakers  alone  flood  out,  becaufe  fcarce 
any  thing  was  fo  fundamental  a  piece  of 
Religion  with  them,  as  non-fubmifllon 
to  human  authority  :  Therefore  they 
met  the  oftner,  becaufe  they  were  for- 
bid to  do  fo  ;  nor  could  they  be  fepa- 
rated  by  any  force,  till  a  merry  fellow 
thought  of  this  ftratagem ;  He  proclaim'd 

in 


Of  his  own  Time.  8? 

in  the  King's  name,  that  no  one  fhould 
depart  without  leave.     Which  he  had 
fcarcely  done,  when  they  all  went  about 
their  bufinefs,  for  fear  of  obeying  man. 
Nor  did  they  long  ftand  out  5  for  when 
they  found  that  their  friends  were  daily 
taken,    and   lent  into  banilhmcnt,    and 
carried  away  into  the  Englijh  Plantati- 
ons in  America,  and  that  they  could  not 
return  without  danger  of  death  ;    being 
affrighted,    they  began  to  take  care  of 
their  outward  man  (as  thefe  Enthufiafts 
exprefs  themfclves.)     Thus  the  Sectaries 
being  depriv'd  of  the  liberty  of  aflcm- 
bling    together   throughout  the  nation, 
they  kept  quiet   that  year.     The  fame 
was  alfo  commanded  and  done  at  the 
fame  time  in  Scotland.      And  whereas 
about  the  fame  time  they  had  tranflated 
Buchanans    book  of  the  right  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Scotland,  which  was  writ- 
ten in  Latin,  into  English,  the  more  to 
intoxicate  the  people,  and  feduce  them 
from   their   faith    and  allegiance  5    the 
Kings  Council    ftri&ly    prohibited   the 
reading  it,    by  a  threatning  Proclama- 
tion 5 


<?o        Bp.  Parker's  History 

tion ;  which  was  formerly  done  in  1584, 
by  an  Ad  of  Parliament  againft  the  La- 
tin book  it  felf.  But  one  plague  being 
cxtinguifh'd,  prefently  another  began  to 
fpread,  and  went  thro*  almofl  the  whole 
nation,  with  the  grcateft  {laughter  that 
had  been  in  the  memory  of  man,  even 
of  two  hundred  thoufand  men.  Whence 
it  happen'd  that  the  Parliament  was  pro- 
rogued to  the  following  year :  Nor  did 
they  meet  till  October,  being  fummon- 
cd  to  Oxford,  as  neceffity  required. 

Altho'  a  Peftilence  us'd  to  give  refpite 
from  War,  yet  it  did  not  now  produce 
any  ceifation  of  arms :  For  the  Duke 
of  York,  Lord  High-Admiral  of  England, 
with  incredible  expedition,  had  fitted 
out  the  compleateft  fleet  that  ever  fail'd 
from  an  Englijh  Port  5  and  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  fpring,  with  great  zeal 
for  fighting,  to  increafe  his  glory,  he 
almofl:  befic^d  the  'Dutch  Shoars  for  two 
months.  Nor  was  the  Enemy's  Fleet 
feen  by  ours,  till  the  firft  of  July,  and 
yet  the  light  was  on  the  fifth.  Opdam, 
the  Commander  of  their  Fleet,  was  bred 

up 


Of  his   own  Time.  91 

up  in  wars  at  iea ;  of  a  noble  birth,  and 
a  brave  man,  thoroughly  cxperienc  d  in 
iia-affairs. 

But  the  Duke  of  Tork,  tho'  the  ?noft 
famous  Commander  of  his  time  at  landy 
had  (carce  ever  before  i^ccn  a  Fight  at 
fea  :  Yet  with  how  great  a  flaughter  of 
men,  and  deftru&ion  of  fhips,  did  this 
young  Sea-man  rout  this  old  Officer  ! 
Opdam  himfelf,  together  with  four  other 
Sea-officers,  eight  thoufand  Men,  and 
eighteen  Ships,  half  of  which  were  Ships 
of  the  largefl  fize,  perifh'd  in  one  day's 
fight  5  the  reft  fled  :  Nor  perhaps  had  fo 
much  as  a  fifher-boat  of  the  Enemy's  c- 
fcap'd,  if  night,  or  rather,  if  treachery 
had  not  at  once  put  an  end  to  the  Bat- 
tle, and  to  Viftory.  So  great  was  the 
number  of  the  prifoners,  that  a  new 
Fleet  of  fca-men  and  foldiers  feenVd  to 
be  coming  into  port.  For  fuch  always 
was  the  Duke's  clemency  in  wrar,  that 
he  chofe  to  fparc  the  blood  of  his  ene- 
mies as  much  as  pofliblc,  even  as  if  they 
had  been  his  countrymen  ;  therefore  he 
fent  out  his  tranfports,  to  take  up  the 
3  "Dutch 


5>i        Bp.  Parker's  History 

'Dutch  that  were  ftrusglins;  with  the 
ocean.  Whence  the  Engliflo  Navy  came 
fafe  into  the  haven,  with  as  it  were  re- 
doubled force,  having  loft  but  one  little 
fhip. 

While  the  whole  Nation  labour'd  at 
once  with  all  the  grievous  calamities  of 
Pcftilence  and  War,  the  Schifmaticks  a- 
gain  lifted  up  themfelves  with  the  hopes 
of  liberty  :  For  they  never  think  them- 
felves happy,  but  in  the  miferies  of  their 
country.  Therefore,  all  good  men  be- 
ing intent  upon  other  matters,  they  al- 
fo  endeavour,  with  all  their  might,  to 
re-eftablifli  their  intcreft,  being  very  fo- 
licitous,  and  watching  every  difference 
of  fortune.  If  the  Kings  Fleet  had 
been  beaten,  they  had  prefently  join'd 
in  open  war  >  but  whereas  it  overcame, 
that  defign  was  put  off  to  another  time. 
Nor  did  they  only  confpire  at  home, 
but  abroad ;  and  with  a  foreign  enemy, 
againft  their  country :  For  at  the  fame 
time,  there  was  an  Aflcmbly  of  Rebels 
that  fate  in  Holland,  who  join'd  coun- 
fels  with  the  very  States  themfelves,  al- 
3  though 


Of    his  own  Time.  25 

though  to  that  time,  there  had  been  a 
perfect  CarthaginianWw  with  the  States. 
Not  a  few  voluntiers,  mov'd  only  by 
their  love  of  Rebellion,  and  hatred  to 
their  Country,  entred  themfelves  in  the 
Enemy's  Fleet.  And  fome  of  thefe  arc 
prefently  fo  highly  honour'd  among  the 
'Dutch ,  that  they  were  thought  to 
have  merited  the  higheft  offices  in  their 
Republick. 

But  the  moft  feditious  of  all,  were 
the  fchifmatical  Preachers,  who  having 
been  quell'd  the  year  before,  the  King- 
dom being  now  otherwife  engaged, 
they  take  frefli  liberty,  and  rage  on  eve- 
ry fide  with  greater  fury  :  Before  the 
people,  again  affembled  in  their  Con- 
venticles, they  preach  only  of  Perfec- 
tion and  Tyranny  $  that  now  was  the 
time  of  recovering  their  Liberty,  that 
perhaps  they  fhou'd  have  no  more,  if 
this  war  was  profperoufly  ended.  And 
Cromwell's  Officers  were  fo  far  from  be- 
ing difcourag  d  by  fo  many  unfortunate 
attempts  of  their  accomplices,  from 
hoping  for  better  fuccefs,  that  they  were 

rather 


24        Bp.  Parker's  History 

rather  more  animated,  and  made  more 
fierce  5  and  were  now  at  length  refolv'd 
to  make  their  laft  pufh.  Hence  arofe  a 
new  Confpiracy,  which  yet  the  great  vi- 
gilance of  the  great  Duke  of  Albemarle 
prevented,  before  it  broke  out  into  open 
force.  There  was  a  large  conflux  of 
them  from  every  part  to  London?  where, 
by  the  greatnefs  of  the  city,  they  might 
more  eafily  conceal  their  numbers  5  and 
making  one  general  affault  by  night,  they 
might  furprize  their  Enemies  before  they 
could  ftand  to  their  arms.  But  the  bet- 
ter to  compafs  their  point,  they  refolv'd 
to  deftroy  London  by  fire  5  which  they 
would  have  done  on  the  2d  of  Septem- 
ber',  the  very  fame  day,  and  in  the  fame 
manner,  in  which  it  was  burnt  the  year 
following.  And  this  they  would  do, 
not  only  mov'd  by  the  prcdi&ion  of 
Lilly ?  a  certain  Cunning  man,  but  the 
very  tokens  of  the  ftars  themfelves  5  for 
at  that  moment  of  time  they  laid  a 
planet  wou'd  rule,  that  portended  eter- 
nal deftrudion  to  Monarchy. 


But 


Of  his  own  Time.  5*5 

But  a  difcovcry  being  fcafonably  made 
Of  the  Confpiracy,  the  chief  Leaders 
were  taken,  and  executed,  Rathbone7 
Sanders,  Tucker,  Flint,  Evans,  Miles, 
Weflcote  and  Cole.  The  reft  of  the 
Confpirators  cfcap'd.  There  was  a  cer- 
tain perfon  nam'd  Alexander,  an  old  Sol- 
dier in  Cromwell's  army,  and  even  a 
Lieutenant  Colonel  in  Cromwell's  troop, 
who  is  yet  alive,  that  was  the  head  of 
the  Confpiracy.  He  paid  all  the  Rebels, 
aflign'd  them  their  pofts  in  the  city,  and 
indeed  was  the  principal  manager  of  the 
war.  To  this  fellow,  together  with  his 
afibciates,  when  they  repented  of  their 
wickcdnefs,  or  rather  misfortune,  be- 
caufe  all  their  endeavours  were  ftilL 
fruftratcd,  the  King  afterwards  granted 
pardon  for  all  their  crimes,  that  at  length 
they  might  be  quiet.  Which  being  ob~ 
tain'd,  he  was  not  afraid  to  relate  the 
whole  ftory  to  his  friends,  over  a  chcar- 
ful  glafs  5  from  whom  I  have  recciv  a 
this  and  a  great  deal  more,  agreeable  to 
the  matters  recorded  in  court.  I  know 
thole  to  whom  he  jelling  fhew'd  the  place 

where 


96        Bp.  Parker's  History 

where  their  Parliament  fate  (for  fo  he 
caird  the  Affembly  of  the  Rebels)  and 
from  whom  he  receiv'd  inftru&ions  and 
commands  to  carry  to  the  Confpirators 
abroad.  Nor  that  only,  but  he  alio  faid 
there  was  another  Affembly  in  Holland, 
and  that  both  correfponded  with  each 
other,  and  with  the  States  themfelves ; 
neither  was  any  thing  done  againft  their 
country,  but  by  the  common  refolutions 
of  both.  This  was  the  very  fame  A- 
lexander,  who,  tho'  he  had  always  be- 
hav'd  himfelf  bravely  in  Cromwell's  Re- 
bellion, and  never  fear'd  any  danger  in 
the  feveral  Conspiracies  againft  the  King; 
yet  afterwards,  in  Monmouth's  Rebellion, 
in  which  he  was  Colonel  of  Horfe,  as  if 
he  had  been  feiz'd  with  a  terrible  pan- 
nick,  he  could  not  bear  the  fight  of  the 
Enemy,  nor  make  the  leaft  ftand,  but 
was  one  of  the  firft  that  actually  fled> 
if  one  turn'd  his  back  before  another. 
Whether  his  fpirits  were  broken  by  the 
confeioufhefs  of  guilt,  or  whether  he 
was  feiz'd  with  a  fudden  dejc&ion  of 
mind  (as  it  is  reported  of  fome  brave 

men) 


Op  his  own  Time*  97 

men)  or  was  wcakned  with  age  (what- 
ever it  was)  inch  abjeel  cowardife  and 
pufillanimity,  in  a  man  fo  flout  and  cou- 
ragious,  was  a  wonder  to  all  that  wcrG 
prefeiit  at  the  action.  But  whereas  he 
was  one  of  the  firft  that  fled,  he  efcap'd 
from  danger,  and  being  at  this  time  at- 
tainted for  Trealbn,  he  cither  lies  hid 
at  home,  or  is  in  exile  abroad.  Such 
is  the  innate  inclination  of  thofe  men  to 
Rebellion,  that  it  cannot  be  rooted  out 
by  kindnefs,  nor  worn  out  by  age  5  but 
their  body  being  unable  to  accomplifh 
their  wickednefs,  their  lpirits  arc  yet 
vigorous  enough  to  attempt  it.  But  in- 
deed the  cowardife  of  Alexander  was 
not  Angular,  but  common  to  all  the 
horfe  :  Por  thefe  fuddenly  coming  upon 
the  enemy,  in  the  filencc  of  the  night, 
at  the  firft  difchargc  of  a  gun  from  the 
King's  forces,  they  all  to  a  man  betook 
themfelvcs  to  flight ;  to  that  they  were 
all  equally  ignorant  whether  there  had 
been  any  fight  at  all  5  and  every  one 
was  ignorant,  not  only  of  what  his 
companions,  but  what  he  himfelf  had 
H  done 


28        Bp.  Parker's  History 

done.  Nor  could  the  officers  and  fol- 
diers  that  were  taken  upon  the  field  of 
battle,  when  the  King  afterwards  ask'd 
them  which  way,  and  how  near  they 
came  to  the  enemy,  in  what  place  they 
began  to  fight,  how  long  they  fought, 
whence  they  began  to  fly,  and  laftly, 
whither  they  went  after  their  flight  ?  re- 
turn any  anfwer,  but  that  when  they 
found  they  were  fallen  among  the  ene- 
my, but  in  what  place  they  knew  not, 
their  whole  cavalry  was  broke  and  dif- 
pers'd,  as  it  were  by  common  confent  $ 
and  then  ftragling  in  the  darknefs  of  the 
night,  at  break  of  day  they  ftole  away 
into  their  nearcft  faftneffes  h  and  news 
being  brought  of  the  entire  victory  o- 
ver  their  companions  ( for  the  infantry 
flood  fome  time)  every  one  fhifted  for 
his  fafety  as  well  as  he  could.  This  was 
the  conduft  of  that  great  officer,  who 
had  bravely  perform'd  the  part  of  a  com- 
mander, who  had  tried  all  the  hazards 
of  war,  who  had  taken  Maeflrick  by  a 
bold,  and  till  then  unheard  of  impe- 
tuofity  5  who  diftinguiuYd  himfclf  among 
4  the 


Or  h  i  s   own  Tim  e.  ,99 

the  firft  and  braved  in  the  fharp  and 
bloody  battle  of  Mons  \  this,  I  fay,  was 
the  infatuated  conduct  of  this  great  Ge- 
neral. So  very  different  from  one  an- 
other arc  a  Soldier  and  a  Rebel ! 

But  to  proceed  with  our  Annals :  The 
Parliament  being  provok'd  with  fuch 
frequent  rifings  of  the  Rebels,  refolv'd 
to  pluck  up  the  roots  of  thefe  evils,  by 
one  effectual  Law  :  By  this  all  the  teach- 
ers were  banifh'd  five  miles  from  every 
city,  town,  or  parim  from  whence  they 
had  been  ejecled,  unleis  they  would  take 
this  oath,  That  it  was  unlawful  to  take 
up  arms  againft  the  King,  upon  any  pre- 
tencc  whatfocver  ;  and  that  they  did  in 
their  confcicnce  abhor  that  damnable 
do&rinc  and  pofition,  that  it  was  lawful 
to  bear  arms  by  his  authority,  either  a 
gainft  himfelf,  or  thofe  that  were  com- 
miflion  d  by  him  5  and  laftly,  that  they 
would  attempt  no  innovation  in  Church 
or  State.  Unleis  they  did  this,  they 
were  to  be  fin'd  forty  pounds  >  and  if 
this  money  was  not  paid,  they  were  to 
be  impriibned  for  fix  months,  and  were 
H  2  to 


ioo      Bp.  Parker's  History 

to  be  punifh'd  in  the  fame  manner  as 
often  as  they  fhould  offend.  A  few  of 
them  took  this  oath  5  moft  of  the  reft 
were  driven  into  the  country,  where  there 
was  neither  fufficient  numbers  of  men, 
nor  opportunity  of  hiding;  after  this  they 
for  the  moft  part  liv'd  quiet :  Neither 
indeed  were  the  Schifmaticks  ever'  fo 
much  broken  by  any  Law,  as  by  this. 
Therefore  the  domeftick  enemy  being 
fecur'd  by  this  Law,  they  reach'd  the  fo- 
reign one  by  palling  another ,'  for  by  Act 
of  Parliament,  all  the  fugitive  fubjetts 
of  the  King  of  England,  that  rcfided  in 
the  United  Provinces,  were  commanded 
to  return  home,  under  pain  of  being 
guilty  of  high  trcafon,  in  three  months 
time.  Amongft  thefc  were  fummoned 
byname,  cDoleman>  Bamfield,  and  Scot, 
the  fon  of  the  regicide  Scot;  perfons 
that  deferved  to  be  for  ever  proicribed. 
And  preiently  after,  by  the  King's  Pro- 
clamation, John  cDesborozy>  Thomas 
Kelfy,  and  many  others  of  the  Cromwel- 
Han  officers,  and  the  reft  of  the  Rebels, 
were  fummoned  under  the  lame  penal- 
tics. 


Op  his  own  Time.  ioi 

tics.  They  who  came,  were,  for  a  re- 
ward of  their  obedience,  permitted  to 
live  in  their  country  :  They  who  refus'd 
were  banifh'd  for  ever. 

In  the  following  year,  a  new  war  was 
begun,  or  rather  the  old  one  was  renew'd, 
by  a  league  (truck  between  the  French 
and  'Dutch,  againft  the  Englifb.  On 
the  firft  of  July  the  Englifb  fleet  fail'd 
out  of  port.  Soon  after  the  King's 
Privy  Council  were  inform'd,  either  by 
the  fubtlety  of  the  enemy,  or  rather  by 
fomc  treachery,  that  the  French  fleet  was 
nigh  at  hand,  but  the  Dutch  wou'd  icarce 
get  out  to  fca  in  a  fortnight.  That  there- 
fore the  enemies  might  be  deftroy'd  be- 
fore they  were  join'd,  Rupert,  Prince 
^Palatine,  who  was  join'd  in  equal  power 
with  the  Duke  of  Albemarle  over  the 
fleet, was  commanded  to  meet  xhcFrench : 
And  he  failing  with  half  the  fleet  a- 
gainft  the  enemy,  who  were  not  yet  come 
out  of  port,  the  Dutch  came  by  furprizc, 
with  a  double  number  of  (hips,  upon 
the  other  fquadron.  Albemarle,  un- 
acquainted with  fear,  and  being  un- 
H  3  accuitom'd 


ioi      Bp.  Parkers  History 

accuilom'd  to  fly,  and  too  great  a  de~ 
fpifer  of  the  enemy,  having  long  and 
often  tried  the  Tliitch  valour,  joyfully 
bore  up  to  give  battle  :  They  fought 
for  three  days  with  incredible  fury,  while 
the  greatcrl  part  of  the  English  fleet, 
having  loll  their  mads  and  yards,  lay 
unmov'd,  and  fo  engaged  with  the  ene- 
my, as  if  it  had  been  a  fight  at  land  , 
in  which  article  of  time,  Rupert ',  whom 
the  noife  of  the  guns  had  rcach'd  from 
afar,  came  fcafonably  in  with  full  fail, 
to  the  relief  of  his  friends  ;  and  now 
immediately  the  fiercenefs  of  the  engage- 
ment began  to  be  renew'd  with  the  ene- 
my, now  fomewhat  confounded  5  and 
the  Englijh-,  inflam'd  both  with  anger 
and  revenge,  fought  with  iuch  ardour 
that  they  almoft  overcame  the  ^Dutch* 
who  were  amazed  at  their  uncommon 
gallantry  and  behaviour  in  the  fight ;  fof 
they  did  not  permit  them  to  fight^  at  a 
diftancc,  with  their  guns,  as  is  ufual, 
but  breaking  into  the  very  center  of 
their  fleet,  they  poured  in  thick  their 
broadftdes  upon  them  from  every  quar- 
ter : 


Of  his  own  Time.  103 

ter :  But  at  length,  in  the  evening  Prince 
Rupert's  maft  being  broke,  the  battle 
ceafed.  In  the  mean  while  the  T)utch> 
aftonifh'd  at  this  unfupportable  mock, 
foberly  fail'd  off.  And  becaufc  they  once 
got  away  without  being  utterly  deftroy'd, 
they  fprcad  great  reports  all  over  Europe* 
of  an  entire  victory  over  the  Englijh  5  as 
if  hardly  one  little  vcflcl  had  efcap'd, 
coining  medals  to  confirm  them.  Yet 
in  the  following  month  of  Augufi, 
when  another  battle  was  fought,  they 
hardly  made  a  ftand  for  four  hours :  For 
four  Vice- Admirals,  and  fix  Captains  of 
mips  being  (lain  in  fo  fhort  a  time,  and 
two  Vice-Admiral  mips  being  deftroy'd, 
overborn  by  fo  furious  an  attack,  they 
bore  away  as  fail  as  they  could ;  only 
Tromp  with  his  fquadron  maintained 
the  fight  againft  one  of  the  Englift  with 
his  uiual  bravery  and  courage,  till  the 
evening :  But  being  left  by  his  country- 
men, he  ftolc  away  in  the  night.  The 
Englijh  now  block'd  up  their  ports  and 
their  fhores,  challenging  them  in  vain 
to  fight.  But  at  laft,  before  they  went 
H  4  away,   ' 


io4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

away,  a  little  veffel  call'd  in  jeft  by  the 
name  of  the  Fanfan?  that  is,  the  Trifle, 
having  two  fmall  guns  on  board,  being 
fent  into  the  harbour,  attack'd  the  Ad- 
miral, often  firing  at  him;  and  at  length 
having  fuffcr'd  a  little  by  two  bullets, 
(he  rcturn'd  to  the  Englifi  Fleet  5  the 
fpcclators  on  one  fide  laughing,  and  on 
{he  other  part,  raging  at  fiich  an  ad 
of  contempt  upon  fp  proud  a  nation. 
And  ib  much  for  thefc  matters;  but  as 
the  Confpiracy  had  been  univcrial,  the 
Scots  not  daunted  by  what  their  allies 
had  fuffcr'd,  would  not  be  wanting  to 
the  Confederacy,  which  they  had  under- 
taken to  defend ;  efpccially  their  tcaclv 
crs,  who  in  the  former  year  being  pu- 
nifh'd  by  the  fame  Law  as  the  English 
Schifmatickswerc,  broke  out  with  equal 
,  fury,  except  that  perhaps  the  Scots  were 
fiercer,  as  being  more  fevcrcly  punifh'd  * 
for  the  Englijh  were  banifh'd  only  five 
miles  from  any  city  or  town ;  the  Scotch 
were  banifh'd  twenty  from  their  own 
parifhes,  fix  from  a  city,  and  three  from 
a  town  3  neither  were  two  of  them  fuf- 

tcr'd 


Of  his  own  Tike.  105 

fcr'd  to  fettle  in  the  fame  place.  Being 
mov'd  therefore  by  fuch  great  indigni- 
ties oflfer'd  to  the  faints  of  God,  they 
inceflantly  ftirr'd  up  the  people  to  fight 
the  battles  of  the  Great  Jehovah. 

But  all  their  counfcls,  as  of  the  other 
parts  of  the  Confpiracy,  were  laid  open 
to  the  King.     He  therefore  watch'd  all 
their  fteps,  that  they  might  not  proceed 
farther  than  he  plcafcd  5  and  at  length, 
when  he  pcrcciv'd  the  affair  would  come 
to  arms,  he  made  hafte  to  reftrain  them 
by   force.      There  were  two  excellent 
officers,    ^Deyell  and  'Drummond,   who 
having  flood  with  inviolable  fidelity  on 
the   King's    fide,    in    the  heat  of   the 
Rebellion  againft  Charles  the  firft,    be- 
ing  oblig'd  to  leave    the  Kingdom  in 
Cromwell's    time ,     fled    to    Mufcovy> 
where,    when    they   had  done  military 
fervice  for  fomc  time,    they  fo  diftin- 
guifh'd  themfcives  by  their  bravery  and 
conduct,    that   they   were   made   Com- 
manders of  all  the  forces  of  the  Kins;- 
dom.     "Deyell  had  the  firft  place  of  com- 
mand, TDrummond  the  fecond :  In  which 

high 


io£      Bp-  Parker's  History 

high  honour  they  liv  d  many  years,  to 
their  own  and  their  country's  glory.  At 
length,  this  very  year  Charles  the  fecond, 
by  letters  to  the  Czary  requir'd  that  they 
might  have  leave  to  return  to  their 
country.  The  Czar,  tho'  unwilling  to 
part  with  men  of  fo  much  ufe  and  au- 
thority, and  only  becaufe  he  was  oblig'd 
by  the  common  Law  of  Nations,  dif- 
mifs'd  them  with  the  moll:  remarkable 
honour  and  munificence.  Thefe  Gentle- 
men coming  to  London,  and  being  as 
gracioufly  receiv'd  as  they  deferv'd,  were 
forthwith  fent  into  Scotland,  to  head  all 
the  forces  there  with  the  fame  command 
as  in  Mufcovy  5  where  there  were  two 
bodies  of  veteran  foldiers  got  together ; 
the  one  of  foot,  under  T^eyell,  the  o- 
ther  of  horfe,  under  <rDrummond.  Com- 
ing into  Scotland  in  the  month  of  Au~ 
gufty  they  difpatch'd  matters  with  fucli 
diligence,  that  before  the  firft  of  No- 
vember they  had  an  army  ready  and  fit 
for  fervice.  With  thefe  forces,  altho* 
the  Fanaticks  were  a  little  furpriz'd,  yet 
they  were  not  quite  frighted,  altho*  the 

Con- 


Of  his  own  Time.  107 

Confpiracy  broke  out  into  open  war  a 
little  fooner  than*they  had  themfelves 
refolv'd.  There  was  a  Gentleman,  emi- 
nent in  peace  and  war,  Sir  James  Tur- 
ner, Knight,  a  Colonel  of  foot,  and  alfo 
of  a  pleafant  wit,  and  fluent  eloquence, 
and  a  moft  zealous  enemy  to  the  Fana- 
ticks ;  and  therefore,  fome  years  before, 
by  the  command  of  the  King  s  Council, 
he  was  fent  to  fupprefs  the  faction :  For 
whereas  the  Earl  of  Middleton>  the  firft 
Lord  High  Commiflioner,  after  the  King's 
return,  did,  in  1662,  command  all  the 
minifters,  either  to  obey  the  Bifhops,  or 
quit  their  Churches,  moft  of  them  hid 
themfelves  in  the  weftern  parts  of  Scot- 
land. To  reftrain  thefe,  that  were  daily 
tumultuous,  Turner  was  fent  firft,  by  the 
Kings  Privy  Council ;  and  he,  in  the 
beginning,  that  is,  in  the  year  1663, 
treated  the  Fanaticks  gently  and  face- 
tioufly,  and  without  inflicting  any  penal- 
ty, won  over  not  a  few  of  them,  by 
the  fwectnefs  of  his  behaviour.  The 
next  year,  he  being  call'd  to  the  city  of 
Glajgow,    the  people  rclaps'd  to  their 

Conven- 


xo8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Conventicles  5  but  returning  the  next 
year,  both  by  authority,  and  by  admo- 
nitions, he  for  fome  time  reftrain'd  them 
from  open  rage  :  But  when  he  was  a  fe- 
cond  time  call'd  away,  their  meetings 
were  held  more  than  ufually  ;  therefore 
in  1666,  when  by  the  command  of 
Council,  he  exereis'd  a  ftrictcr  govern- 
ment  over  them,  efpccially  in  demand- 
ing their  fines,  on  the  1 5  th  of  'Decem- 
ber, about  two  hundred  armed  men  fud- 
denly  furprizd  him,  being  not  only  in 
his  winter  quarters  at  cDunfrizey  but  fick 
in  bed,  and  his  foldiers  every  where 
difpers'd  in  the  neighbouring  villages  \ 
and,  plundering  him  of  no  final  1  quan- 
tity of  money,  which  he  had  ready  to 
pay  his  foldiers,  they  carried  him  away 
prifoner.  The  day  after,  the  leader  of 
this  tumult,  who  had  enrich'd  himfelf 
with  no  fmal  1  booty  of  Turner 's  money, 
pack'd  up  his  effects,  and  deferted  his 
companions.  Who  he  was,  or  whence 
he  came,  none  of  them  knew;  only 
that  he  call'd  himfelf  by  the  name  of 
Gray,   and  faid  his  authority  was  given 

him 


Of   his  own  Time.  109 

him  by  a  fupcrior  power.  But  what 
that  power  was,  and  how  conftituted, 
no  body  knew.  They  were  fo  much 
in  love  with  fedition,  that  they  were 
lifted  in  a  moment's  time,  by  an  un- 
known perfon,  and  haftned  to  arms  up- 
on any  pretence  whatsoever.  I  believe 
indeed  that  he  was  not  one  of  the  fac- 
tion, but  ibmc  cunning  rogue,  who 
coming  by  chance  into  the  knowledge 
of  the  Conipiracy,  made  ule  of  this 
ftratagem  by  way  of  robbery,  and  hav- 
ing luckily  compafs'd  the  point,  the 
fpectre  vanifh'd,  and  was  no  where  fincc 
to  be  found.  The  day  after,  three  o- 
thers  were  fubftituted  into  the  place  of 
their  loft  General  ;  one  of  whom  was 
Robinfon  by  name,  and  he  was  a  teacher ; 
and  the  next  day,  John  Wells,  a  famous 
preacher  of  Rebellion  and  the  Gofpcl, 
join'd  them.  Both  the  preachers  vifited 
Turner,  and  endeavour'd  to  bring  him 
over  to  them,  fometimes  by  threats,  and 
fometimes  by  flatteries.  He,  cither  in 
jeft  or  contempt,  order'd  fomc  ale  to 
ha  brought  him.     Robinfon,   before  he 

WOUld 


no      Bp.  Parker's  History 

would  let  him  drink,  thus  be:  d  the 
cup  j  boldly  calling  upon  God,  That  he, 
without  delay,  woi/d  come  to  the  aid  of 
his  holy  army  s  and  imlefi  he  mot  1 7  fpee- 
dily  come,   threatning   that  they   would 

for  fake  him,  for  that  it  was  his  caufe, 
not  theirs  $  and  unlefs  he  would  fight  for 
himfelf,  it  was  not  their  bnfinefs  to  fight 

for  him.  Believe  me,  theft  were  the 
very  words  of  the  mad  Enthufiaft.  "n 
the  29th  of  "December  (.being  Sunday  1 
council  of  their  Leaders  was  held,  in 
which  were  two  and  thirty  preach  .  ; 
and  they  commanded  the  Solemn  League 
and  Covenant  to  be  (worn  to  by  their 
whole  army,  as  it  were  by  way  of  luf- 
tration.  At  which  time  it  was  difputed 
whether  they  fhould  prcfentiy  kill  Tur- 
ner, or  not  5  it  being  one  of  the  arti- 
cles of  the  Covenant,  That  they  would 
bring  all  malignants  to  due  punilhmentc 
They  agreed  upon  the  death  of  the  man? 
but  they  were  much  divided  in  their  o- 
pinions,  whether  they  fhould  kill  him 
immediately,  or  keep  him  for  a  more 
folemn  facritice.    At  length,  the  opinion 

of 


Of  his  own  Time.  in 

of  thofe  that  were  for  deferring  it,  pre- 
vails,   becaufe    that  would    be  the  fe- 
verer  punifhment.     Then  they  proceed- 
ed to   tempt  the  brave  man,    being  al- 
moft  fpent  for  want  of  fleep,  with  the 
fear  of  death.     He  told  them  he  did  not 
fear  death,  but  fince  he  muft  die,  it  did 
not  fignify  much,  whether  it  was  by  a 
fever,    or  a  gun,    a  fword,   an  ax,  or  a 
halter.     At  length,  on  the  30th  of  jCte- 
cetnber,  the  King's  army  found  out  the 
enemy,    whom  they  had   been  long  in 
queft  of,    about  two  miles  from  Edin- 
burgh ,    and    prefently    engaging,    they 
fought   briskly  on   both  fides.     T^rum- 
mond  begun  the  battle  with  a  hundred 
horfe,  againft  three  hundred  of  the  ene- 
my.    At  the  firfl:   onfet,    there  fell   of 
the  enemy,   two  great  leaders,    and  in- 
deed trumpeters  of  war,  Crookjhank,  and 
Mac-Cormacky  veteran  foldiers,  and  ve- 
teran preachers  :  At  whofe  fate  the  reft 
being  affrighted,   gave  way  :    Prefently 
Ogi/by,  with  another  troop  of  horfe,  ad- 
vanced to  the  enemy,    between  whom 
there  was  a  notable  fight,  and  a  doubt- 
ful 


fix      Bp<  Parker's  History 

ful  battle.  But  the  King's  horfe,  over- 
powered by  the  number  of  the  encriiy, 
retired  a  little,  to  whom  'Deyell  lent 
the  right  wing  of  the  horfe  to  relieve 
them.  Thefe  being  too  clofe  togethef* 
in  a  ftrait  and  narrow  place,  were  a 
hindrance  to  each  other;  which  when 
the  left  wing  of  the  Rebels  obferved, 
they  made  a  warm  attack  upon  them; 
infomuch  that  the  King's  forces  gave 
back  a  little,  but  prcfently  recovering 
their  ranks,  they  ftop'd  the  force  of  the 
enemy.  But  when  Lermont,  formerly  a 
taylor,  but  now  Commander  of  the 
right  wing  of  the  Rebels,  obferv'd  the 
diibrder  in  the  right  wing  of  the  Roy- 
alifts,  he  imprudently  quitted  the  place 
in  which  he  flood  againft  (Druinmond> 
fo  that  the  victory  was  the  more  eafily 
compleated  where  it  firft  begun.  As 
foon  as  ^Drttmmondy  and  the  illuftrious 
Duke  of  Hamilton  (who  flood  apart  on 
the  oppofite  fide,  with  a  choicn  troop  of 
horfe)  had  obferv'd  this,  they  attack'd 
them  on  that  fide  with  fuch  vigour,  that 
their  horfe  being  driven  back  upon  their 

foot, 


Of  his  own  Time.  1x3 

Foot,  they  were  put  to  a  precipitate 
flight.  The  Rebels  were  not  more  in 
number  than  1200,  a  third  part  had 
fhifted  for  thcmfelvcs  by  flight  before 
the  Battle ;  altho'  a  thoufand  fix  hun- 
dred had  fworn  by  the  Covenant  that 
they  would  not  defert.  So  little  true  bra- 
very is  there,  without  the  aflurancc  of 
a  good  Confciencc  !  There  were  eighty 
flain,  and  as  many  taken.  But  becaufc 
the  Battle  was  begun  at  the  approach  of 
Night,  there  was  more  of  flight  than 
Daughter.  The  Rebels  us'd  the  Cove- 
nant as  the  word  of  battle  that  day. 
The  prifoncrs  threw  all  the  blame  of 
their  wickednefs  upon  the  preachers. 
About  thirty  were  hang'd  at  Edinburgh 
and  Glafgorju :  Among  thefc  was  Robin- 
forty  whom  we  mention'd  for  his  bene- 
diction over  the  ale.  In  the  beginning 
of  the  fight,  Wilks  and  Sempier,  teachers, 
and  chief  authors  of  the  Confpiracy,  rc- 
tir'd  to  prayers  upon  a  mountain,  be- 
hind their  forces,  continually  crying  out, 
The  God,  the  God  of  Jacob.  Thcfe  tru- 
ly were  much  wifcr  than  their  compa- 

I  nionsj 


H4      Br.  Parker's  History 

nions  5  not  only  bccaufe  it  is  fafer  to 
pray  than  to  fight ;  and  there  is  lefs  dan- 
ger in  the  bufmefs  of  a  teacher,  than  a 
foldier;  but  becaufe  they  that  are  laft 
in  the  -battle,  may  be  the  firft  in  the 
flight,  and  fo  they  efcaped  far  before 
their  companions.  The  Generals,  "Deyell 
and  T^rummondy  were  taken  into  the 
Privy  Council,  as  a  reward  of  their  vic- 
tory; and  very  defcrvedly  :  For  had  they 
not  with  unwearied  watchfulnefs  and  di- 
ligence purfued  the  Rebels,  they  would 
have  flock'd  together  in  great  numbers, 
on  all  fides:  For  there  was  (as  I  faid)  an 
univerfal  confpiracy,  which  they  fo  fea- 
fonably  gave  a  check  to  by  this  battle, 
that  they  utterly  broke  the  force  and  fpirit 
of  the  faction.  But  altho'  the  Nobility 
of  the  Kingdom  did,  with  the  utmoft 
fidelity  and  bravery,  concur  to  renrain 
the  Rebels ;  amongft  thefe,  Duke  Ha- 
milton, the  Earls  of  Athol,  Linlithgow 
and  Kelly,  were  principally  diftinguifh'd 
for  their  valour  and  vigilance  ;  yet  Duke 
Hamilton's  glory  was  the  greateft,  bc- 
caulc  the  vi&ory  begun  at  his  Troops. 

I  re- 


Of  his   own  Time.  115 

I  received  this  from  cDrummond  him- 
felf  $  as  alfo  all  the  reft,  partly  from 
him,  and  partly  from  Sir  James  Turner, 
who  wrote  daily  journals  of  the  affairs 
in  both  armies ;  and  thefe  being  writ- 
ten with  his  own  hands,  cDru7nmond 
kindly  imparted  to  me.  After  the  bat- 
tle, Turner  being  in  the  power  of  the 
vanquifh'd  enemy,  was  in  greater  dan- 
ger than  before  5  his  keepers  having  it  in 
charge,  that  if  the  Rebels  were  over- 
come, they  fhould  kill  him  immediate- 
ly 5  whereas  other  wife,  they  were  to 
preferve  him  for  a  (harper  punifliment, 
as  they  had  ferved  the  moft  illuftrious 
Earl  of  Montrofs,  whom  they  hang'd 
upon  a  gallows  thirty  foot  high  5  which 
when  Turner  knew,  he  brought  himfelf 
off  by  this  policy  :  In  the  beginning  of 
the  battle,  he  thus,  in  a  friendly  way, 
fpoke  to  his  guards  (for  there  were  eight 
left  to  guard  him)  "  This  night,  my 
"  friends,  either  you  or  we  muft  be 
"  conquerors.  If  you  conquer,  I  fhall 
tc  be  as  I  am,  your  prifoner  5  never  hop- 
"  ing  for  liberty,  but  in  death.  But  if 
I  2  "  wc 


ti£      Bi>.  Parker's  HistorV 

"  we  conquer,  you  and  I  arc  in  equal 
"  danger.  If  therefore  you'll  prefcrve 
"  mc  fafc  from  your  men,  in  cafe  they 
"  arc  put  to  flight,  I  will  not  only  de- 
"  fend  you  from  our  men,  but,  getting 
u  a  pardon  for  your  Rebellion,  I  will 
"  take  care  that  every  one  of  you  mall 
<c  go  fafe  to  his  own  home/'  They  all 
confentcd.  But  when  he  confidercd  how 
little  fidelity  there  was  in  thofc  men, 
he  advis'd  them  to  confirm  the  agree- 
ment by  an  oath,  with  their  hands  lifted 
up  to  heaven :  For  with  that  ceremony 
they  took  the  oath  of  their  Solemn 
League  and  Covenant.  The  ceremony 
of  this  new  agreement  was  hardly  con- 
cluded, when  the  Rebels  began  to  fly : 
Seeing  which,  four  of  the  guards  fled? 
and  he,  with  the  reft,  delivered  up  them- 
felves  to  fomc  of  Duke  Hamilton's  horfc, 
who  as  they  were  the  firft  in  conquering, 
fo  they  were  the  firft  in  purfuing.  Thcfe 
were  overjoy'd  for  the  fafcty  of  Turner, 
and  brought  him  to  the  Duke,  who  em- 
braced him  with  great  joy,  carrying  him  to 
the  Generals,  to  whom,  as  alio  to  the  Duke 

and 


Of  hts  own  Time.  117 

and  all  good  men,  he  was  very  dear  : 
And  being  received  by  them  with  equal 
kindnefs,  he  obtain'd  the  lives  and  li- 
berties of  his  guards.  They  readily 
granted  his  requcft,  for  joy  that  they 
found  fo  brave  a  man,  whofc  life  they 
fo  long  delpair'd  of,  was  (till  alive.  And 
thus  ended  not  only  this  war,  but  all 
the  wars  of  this  year. 

The  very  fame  year  happen'd  the  fad 
and  dreadful  Fire  of  London,  and  on 
the  very  fame  day  (as  I  before  obferv'd) 
that  had  been  agreed  upon  by  the  Rebel 
Fanaticks,  by  which  the  flames,  in  four 
days,  laid  waftc  that  vail  extent  of  build- 
ings :  All  within  the  walls  were  levell'd 
with  the  ground,  and  the  fire  fpreading 
wide  without  the  gates,  made  great  ha- 
vock  in  the  fuburbs.  There  were  con- 
fum'd  more  than  thirteen  thoufand 
houfes,  above  ninety  churches,  together 
with  St.  'Paul's,  the  Royal-Exchange, 
Guild-Hall,  Ston-College,  many  hofpitals 
and  other  publick  buildings,  both  facrcd 
and  common,  as  many  as  had  covered  the 
(pace  of  fifty  fix  acres  of  ground.  When 
I  3  acorn 


n8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

When  a  computation  was  made  of 
this  great  lofs,  by  the  King's  command, 
men  well  verfed  in  that  bufinefs,  efti- 
mated  the  damage  to  amount  to  ten  hun- 
dred thoufand  pounds.  Concerning  the 
beginning  of  the  fire,  there  were  vari- 
ous opinions :  Some  affirm'd  it  came 
by  chance,  others  by  treachery,  and  not 
a  few  by  divine  vengeance  ;  for  whereas 
at  the  fame  time  we  were  at  war  with 
the  French  and  T)utch,  the  common 
people  cried  that  the  enemies  had  kind- 
led the  fire  5  but  efpecially  (as  is  ufual  in 
every  fuch  extraordinary  cafe)  many  a- 
fcribe  this  horrid  wickednefs  to  the  Pa- 
pifts  rage  and  hatred  againft  a  city  of 
Proteflants.  But  there  were  fome  of 
the  Fanaticks  that  whifper'd  one  to  an- 
other, that  it  was  done  by  command, 
and  carried  on  and  continued  by  the 
very  guards.  For  fuch  is  the  perverfe- 
nefs  and  infolence  of  that  tribe,  that 
they  put  the  worft  conftru&ion  upon  the 
bed  of  things  5  for  whereas  it  was  real- 
ly ftopp'd  every  where  almofl,  by  the  fole 
afliftance  of  the  King  and  his  Guards, 

and 


Of  his  own  Time.  i  ip 

and  chiefly  by  the  fpecial  vigilance  of 
the  Duke  of  Tork ;  was  it  not  gratitude 
to  accufe  them,  as  if  they  themfelvcs 
were  the  incendiaries  ?  But  if  it  was 
done  by  any  treachery,  it  was  by  their 
own  ;  fince  it  appears  not  only  by 
publick  Records  of  Court,  but  by  the 
confeffions  of  thofe  that  were  convid* 
ed,  that  they  intended  to  fet  the  city 
on  fire  on  the  fame  day  5  fo  that  if  it 
happend  by  any  human  means,  they 
mufl  transfer  all  the  blame  from  others 
to  themfelvcs.  But  fince  the  city  had 
been  the  tower  and  head  of  that  horrid 
Rebellion  againft  Charles  the  firft,  not 
a  few  believ'd  that  it  was  fent  by  God, 
as  a  punifhment  of  that  wickednefs; 
efpecially  fince  the  fire  prevail'd  chiefly 
within  thofe  places,  in  which  the  firft 
tumults  were  rais'd  againft  that  good 
King,  from  which,  foon  after,  that  war, 
fo  impious,  fo  cruel,  fo  deftruftive, 
flam'd  out.  But  altho'  I  think  it  rafh 
to  interpret  the  fecret  counfels  of  God, 
yet  I  could  not  fufficiently  wonder, 
when  I  read  of  fo  great  a  calamity  be- 

I  4  iflg 


no      Bp.  Parker's  History 

ing  confidently  foretold  many  years  be- 
fore; for  in  the  year  1653,  one  Zeigler 
of  Lipjickj  wrote  a  book  againft  the 
Regicides,  and  principally  againft  Mil- 
ton, in  which  the  angry  Prophet  applied 
himfelf  to  the  rebellious  city  in  thefe 
words : 

"  Thou  that  art  now  proud  London* 
"  in  fome  time  malt  not  be  at  all : 
"  Nay,  unlefs  all  my  notions,  and  all 
"  the  maxims  of  Policy  deceive  me, 
<c  thou  art  not  far  from  thy  deftrudion. 

But  if  the  fire  happen'd  by  the  fame 
chance  as  other  misfortunes  do  in  hu- 
man affairs,  there  is  not  fo  much  caufe 
to  wonder  that  it  fpread  fo  far,  as  that 
it  fpread  no  farther,  if  we  confidcr  the 
fituation  of  the  place  where  it  firft  broke 
out:  It  arofe  in  a  Baker's  Shop,  at  the 
dead  part  of  night,  amongft  wooden 
houfes,  before  almoft  confum'd  with  age, 
and  all  thefe  took  fire  with  the  firft  on. 
fet  of  the  flames,  a  ftrong  Eaft  wind 
blowing  vehemently  at  that  time  :  The 
Greets  and  lanes  adjoining  were  very 
narrow,   and   large  ftores  were  lodged 

in 


Of  mis  own  Time.  izi 

in  them,    of  oil,    pitch,    fulphur,    flax, 
hemp,  tallow,  cotton,  and  other  com- 
buftible  wares,    that  are  apt  to  increafe 
and  feed  the  flames.     Theie  being  feiz'd 
by  the  fire,  burnt  like  <^/Etna  and  Vefu- 
vius,   not  only  within   the  compafs  of 
their  own  furnace,    but  caft  forth  balls 
of  fire  far  and  wide,  fo  that  new  flames 
arofe  in  fcveral  places,  and  thofe  diftant 
from   each    other,    at    the    fame  time : 
Nor  did  the   fire  feize  only  the  houfes, 
but  alfo  the  very  air,  which  convcy'd  it 
with  incredible  fwiftnefs  to  all  the  lofty 
buildings,  before  the  flames  could  other- 
wife    have   reach'd  them.      Hence    the 
tower  of   St.  'Paul's,     famous   for    its 
height,  burnt  with  great  violence  fome 
hours  before  the  fire  could  come  to  it 
through  the  other  buildings. 

But  with  how  great  a  lofs  foever,  of 
the  citizens  and  inhabitants,  fo  great  a 
destruction  happen'd,  yet  it  arofe  out 
of  its  afhes,  with  fuch  glory  to  the  na- 
tion and  the  city,  that  they  could  hard- 
ly be  forry  that  it  was  burnt,  fincc  from 
wood  it  was  almoft  turn'd  into  marble : 

For 


ill      Bp,  Parker's  History 

For  the  city  was  built  with  houfes  of 
fuch  a  beautiful  and  majeftick  ftru&ure, 
that  the  whole  world  does  not  afford 
any  thing  equal,  or  even  comparable  to 
it.  A  ftranger  would  think  that  the 
tradefmens  fhops  were  noblemens  feats, 
and  that  the  merchants  houfes  were  the 
manfions  of  princes.  And  as  it  increased 
in  beauty,  fo  alfo  it  did  in  greatnefs  3 
for  the  old  city  was  fcarce  half  as  big 
as  the  prefent.  Nor  is  it  more  improv'd 
in  its  buildings,  than  its  morals. 


The  End  of  the  firfi  Book, 


Bp. 


(  II)  ) 
Bp.  PARKER'S 

H  I  STO  R Y 

O  F 

His  Own  Time. 

— ^— ■  ■    iii        " 

BOOK    II. 


TH  E  King  being  wearied  at  once 
with  thefe  fatal  calamities  of 
plague  and  fire,  fuffer'd  him- 
felf  to  be  prevailed  upon  by  the  neigh- 
bouring Princes,  efpecially  the  French 
and  the  Swedey  to  treat  of  peace  with 
the  'Dutch.  But  whilft  the  Embafladors 
and  Minifters  were  debating  together, 
the  Dutch,  at  the  very  time  they  were 

going 


ii4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

going  to  enter  upon  that  peace  which 
they  themfelves  had  begg'd,  contrary  to 
the  Law  of  Nations,  and  the  dignity  of 
an  honourable  war,  came  by  furprizc 
upon  the  Englijh  fleet,  as  it  lay  in  har- 
bour, and  was  entirely  unprovided  5  and 
if  they  had  managd  matters  with  as 
much  courage  as  treachery,  they  might 
have  deftroy'd  the  whole  fleet,  without 
any  danger  of  their  own :  But,  as  if 
they  had  been  affrighted  at  their  own 
audacious  attempt,  burning  only  four 
fhips,  and  feizing  a  few,  they  return'd, 
not  fo  much  with  a  victory  as  a  tri- 
umph :  For  it  had  not  been  difficult 
even  for  the  'Dutch  to  have  overcome 
all  the  English  fleet,  unarm'd  and  un- 
man'd.  Other  wife  they  never  fought 
fuccefsfully  with  the  Englifh,  but  either 
in  this  infidious  attack,  or  when  our 
fleet  was  divided,  one  half  being  in  an 
expedition  againft  the  'Dutch,  the  other 
againft  the  French  ;  in  which  cafe  the 
^utch  were  perhaps  a  match  for  half 
the  Englijh  fleet :  For  altho'  they  had 
rheir  Tramps,  Opdams,  and  Reuters,  and 

othes 


Of   his  own  Time.  125 

other  famous  Admirals,  yet  the  Englijh 
Navy  confided  both  of  more  valiant 
Commanders,  and  braver  Seamen.  Nay, 
granting  that  the  Commanders  on  both 
fides  were  equally  skilful  and  brave,  yet 
the  very  feamen  always  routed  the  ene- 
my by  their  courage  and  alacrity.  Sup- 
pofing  that  Tromp  were  a  match  for  Blake, 
as  indeed  he  was  a  man  of  great  cou- 
rage, yet  Tromp  being  outdone  thro'  the 
unequal  bravery  of  his  men,  he  was 
beaten  in  three  battles.  Let  him  be 
fupcrior  in  his  skill  of  fea-affairs,  to  Monk 
a  land-officer,  yet  was  he  fore'd  to  refign 
both  a  great  vi&ory,  and  his  own  life, 
to  Monk,  after  twenty  feven  "Dutch  fhips 
had  been  either  taken  or  defrroy'd.  I 
mentiond  in  the  former  year,  how  great 
a  conqueft  the  Duke  of  Tork,  a  great 
land-officer,  but  ignorant  of  fea-affairs, 
and  unaccuftom'd  to  naval  engagements, 
obtain'd  over  Opdamy  a  veteran  fca-man, 
the  firft  day  they  join  d  battle.  Lailly, 
let  Renter  be  the  moft  experienced  of  all 
fea-commandcrs,  yet  he  fcarce  ever  durit 
fight  with  the  Englijb,  but  with  a  double 

number 


i%6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

number  of  fhips  $  and  was  always  put 
to  flight,  except  once,  when  he  engaged 
with  half  our  fleet. 

Even  in  this  expedition  ({hall  I  fay) 
or  this  piracy,  they  durft  not  do  any 
thing  becoming  foldiers :  For  when  there 
was  occafion  to  fight,  altho'  they  at- 
tempted many  things,  yet  they  went  off 
without  compafling  their  point,  being 
repuls'd  with  great  difgrace  :  For  when 
Spragg  (a  man,  the  love  and  delight  of 
all  men,  both  for  his  warlike  bravery, 
and  his  fweetnefs  of  temper)  had  gotten 
nineteen  fmall  veffels,  and  plac'd  them 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames,  together 
with  a  few  fire-fhips,  he  kept  the  ene- 
my from  returning  into  the  river,  tho' 
they  fought  two  days.  Then  a  defcent 
being  made  upon  the  coafts  of  Suffolk, 
under  an  officer  of  one  of  Cromwell's 
fugitives,  they  attack'd  a  fort  called 
Languard.  The  Governor  of  that  fort 
was  T>arrel,  an  old  officer  under  Charles 
the  firft,  a  man  as  well  of  great  fidelity 
to  his  King,  as  bravery  againft  the  ene- 
my.    He  fuffer'd  them  to  fet  ladders  a- 

gainft 


Of  his  own  Time.  117 

gainft  the  walls,  which  being  done,  as 
they  were  climbing  up,  he  came  upon 
them  with  a  fudden  fally,  and  beat  them 
back  with  great  {laughter.  And  when 
they  attempted  it  again,  he  put  the  ene- 
my to  fo  precipitate  a  flight,  killing  a- 
bout  two  hundred  of  them,  that  they 
left  their  ladders  againft  the  walls,  and 
prefently  return'd  to  their  fleet.  Laftly, 
when  they  had  fail'd  round  almoft  the 
whole  ifland,  they  tried  feveral  places 
convenient  for  a  defcent,  as  Tort/mouth, 
'Dartmouth,  and  Tlimouth ;  but  always 
with  the  fame  fortune,  being  repuls'd 
with  fhame  and  lofs.  Thus  they  conti- 
nued dealing  of  fheep  in  the  fields,  al- 
moft till  the  end  of  Augufty  when  the 
peace  was  made.  There  were  on  board 
Admiral  Reuters  fhip,  throughout  this 
expedition,  Dolman>  that  inveterate  c- 
nemy  to  his  country,  and  John  De-Witt \ 
who  at  that  time  had  the  fole  admini- 
ftration  in  the  Dutch  commonwealth, 
A  man  of  the  meaneft  birth,  but  proud, 
infolent,  and  morofe,  and  therefore  an 
inexorable  enemy  to  Kings,  becaufe  he 
3  could 


1 2 8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

could  not  bear  their  great nefs  ;  for  this 
mean  fellow  had  a  defire  to  make  him- 
felf  famous  by  his  enmity  with  the 
greatcft  men.  But  he  efpecially  hated 
the  King  of  Great  Britain,  and  he  was 
alfo  the  bafeft  flatterer  of  Cromwell,  as 
long  as  he  liv'd,  becaufe  he  could  pre- 
vail over  the  'Dutch  with  as  much 
power  at  fea,  as  he  thought  fit.  He  a- 
lonc  was  the  author  of  all  the  wars  with 
the  Englijh.  But  at  length,  after  govern- 
ing long,  he  was  miferably  torn  limb 
from  limb  at  the  Hague,  in  a  popular 
tumult.  Concerning  which,  more  here- 
after. 

This  fame  year  died  the  Earl  of  South- 
ampton, Lord  High  Treafuucr,  a  man  of 
the  noblcft  birth,  and  of  entire  fidelity 
to  the  Royal  Family,  made  Lord  High- 
Treafurer  after  the  Reftoratioiij  which 
office  he  executed  honourably,  without 
any  advantage  to  himfelf ;  and  he  took 
care  that  the  King  fhould  not  be  involved 
in  debt :  And  the  Trcafury,  which  he 
found  empty,  he  left  as  full  as  it  was 
in  his  power  to  leave  it.  He  being 
2  dead, 


Of  his  own  Tim  £.  l^9 

dead,  his  office  was  put  into  commiffion, 
at  the  head  of  which  was  Ajhley  Cooper \ 
afterwards  Earl  of  Shaftsbary,  for  the 
/eft  were  fo  much  taken  up  with  other 
affairs,  that  they  entrufted  him  princi- 
pally with  the  adminiftration. 

Some  months  after  the  death  of  the 
Treafurer,  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  Lord 
high  Chancellor  of  England,  being 
chiefly  attacked  from  the  fide  of  the  Earl 
of  Shafts  bury,  and  thofe  in  his  interefl, 
and  the  Houfe  of  Commons  blowing 
the  coals,  to  whom  it  is  often  an  affair 
of  extraordinary  pleafure  to  make  Primd 
M millers  feel  their  power,  was  banifh'd ; 
whether  for  any  fault,  or  none  at  all, 
fhall  be  plainly  and  ingenuoufly  faid, 
in  its  proper  place.  But  whatever  he 
was,  it  fo  happen  d,  that  at  the  fame 
time,  all  the  old  Councilor's  loll  the 
King's  favour,  who  had  fhewn  the  ftricteft 
fidelity  to  him,  thro'  all  the  changes  of 
times. 

But  that  the  order  and  feries  of  thefe 

Annals  may  be  the  better  diltinguifh'dy 

I  mud  fix  a  twofold  ^Era,  or  period  of 

K  time: 


ijo      Bp.  Parker's  History 

time :  One,  while  the  chief  adminiftra- 
tion  of  affairs  was  in  the  Earl  of  Shaftf- 
bury>  and  his  adherents  5  during  which, 
while  they  fcem'd  to  give  fuch  advice  as 
ftill  would  pleafe,  yet  they  work'd  mat- 
ters up  with  fuch  dexterity,  that  unddr 
a  fhew  of  affection  for  the  King,  and 
zeal  for  his  intereft,  they  very  much  lef- 
fen'd  his  reputation  and  authority.  The 
other,  when  he  was  accufed  of  High 
Treafon,  and  remov'd  from  the  admi- 
niftration.  In  the  beginning  of  the  firft 
interval  of  time,  there  were  two  confe- 
deracies (as  we  may  call  them)  of  men  that 
ftrongly  opposed  one  another  :  The  firft 
confifted  of  all  good  men  that  bewail'd. 
the  misfortune  of  the  King  and  King- 
dom, when  all  publick  affairs  were  put 
(as  they  thought)  into  the  hands  of  e- 
nemies.  The  other  confifted  of  fuch, 
who  more  zealoufly  promoted  the  inte- 
reft of  their  own  party,  than  the  wel- 
fare of  the  Kingdom.  Hence  daily  there 
were  new  commotions  in  the  Parliament, 
occafion'd  by  the  latter  fort  of  men. 
For  hitherto,   for  feven  years  together, 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  13 1 

the  Parliament  had  paid  greater  regard 
and  duty  to  the  King,  than  had  ever  been 
known  or  remembred.  But  now  they 
began  to  look  about  them*  to  be  afraid 
of  every  thing,  to  attend  very  vigilantly 
the  fafety  and  good  of  the  Kingdom,  and 
to  give  the  Fadion  difturbancc  every 
hour,  that  they  might  not  attempt  any 
thing  by  furprize  againft  it.  For  where- 
as they  proceeded  upon  two  kinds  of 
mcafurcs,  the  one  advantageous,  the  o- 
ther  prejudicial  to  the  publick  good,  the 
Parliament  ratified  the  former,  and  dif- 
appointed  and  defeated  the  latter.  By 
the  former  a  triple  alliance  was  made 
between  the  Kings  of  England  and 
Sweden*,  and  the  United  Provinces,  a- 
gainft  the  Moft  Chriftian  King,  whd 
was  in  the  flower  of  his  age,  a  gallant 
and  underftanding  Prince,  capable  of  unir 
verfal  empire,  a  greater  than  whom 
France  had  never  produe'd  fincc  the  time 
of  Charles  the  Firft.  Being  io  power- 
ful by  land  and  fea  as  to  be  the  terror 
of  Europe,  he  proclaim'd  war  this  year 
againft  the  Provinces  of  Flanders,  claim- 
K  3  ing 


132.      Bp.  Parker's  History 

ing  it  as  his  wife's  dowry.  Therefore 
care  was  taken  by  this  triple  alliance 
to  oppofe  the  meafures  of  fo  great  a 
Prince ;  to  which  alliance  moft  of  the 
German  Princes  acceded.  And  this  re- 
folution  the  Parliament  readily  embraced, 
granting  a  large  iupply  of  money  for 
fitting  out  the  fleet :  But  the  other  pro- 
ject of  citablifhing  a  good  underftand- 
ing  and  amity  among  the  King's  Protc- 
ftant  Subje&s,  they  heard  mention'd 
with  the  higheft  indignation,  tho'  the 
King  himfelf  had  recommended  it  to 
them  in  his  fpeech :  Therefore  they  pre- 
fently  fly  to  the  King,  and  beg  him  to 
ratify  and  enforce  all  the  Laws  againft 
the  Schifmaticks,  for  that  fo  many  com- 
plaints were  daily  brought  from  every 
county  of  their  frefh  infolence,  that  if 
they  were  not  fuddenly  rcftrain'd,  there 
could  be  no  peace  in  the  Kingdom  for 
the  future.  For  when  the  Fadious 
found  that  their  friends  were  at  the 
head  of  affairs  (fuch  is  the  perverfenefi 
of  thole  men)  they  prefently  threw  off 
all  regard  to  laws,  and  magistrates.     Nor 

did 


Of  his  own  Time.  155 

did  they  only  feize  again  their  conven- 
ticles by  force  and  violence,  but  attack'd 
the  Minifters  of  the  Church  of  England, 
even  in  the  midft  of  divine  fervice, 
with  fuch  reproaches,  outrages,  and  cla- 
mours, as  were  fcarce  ever  heard  of. 
The  King  being  prcvail'd  upon  by  thefe 
intreatics  and  complaints  of  the  two 
Houfes,  fent  out  his  Proclamation  to  all 
civil  and  military  officers  in  counties, 
cities  and  towns,  whereby  he  enjoin'd 
each  of  them  to  put  the  Laws  in  execu- 
tion with  the  utmofl  diligence.  The 
Factious  being  aftoniflVd  at  this  conftancy 
of  the  Parliament,  defpair'd  of  doing 
their  bufinefs,  fo  long  as  that  continu'd ; 
therefore  they  firft  of  all  confultcd  how 
they  might  procure  its  diflblution,  and 
theja  how  they  might  difturb  and  hin- 
der them  in  difpatch  of  bufinefs.  The 
firft  being  attempted  in  vain,  they  prc- 
fently  ftarted  difputes  between  the  two 
Houfes,  concerning  their  prerogatives 
and  privileges.  A  difpute  was  rais'd  by 
agreement  between  one  Skinner,  a  de- 
pendent of  the  Earl  of  Shafts  bury,  and 
K  3  Sir 


> 34      Bp.  Parkers  History 

Sir  Samuel  Bernard'ifton,  a  leading  man 
of  the  Fa&ion.  This  was  the  man,  who 
when  he  was  but  a  very  young  citizen, 
had  put  himfclf  at  the  head  of  the  city- 
tumults,  that  in  1641.  daily  befet  the 
Parliament,  crying  out,  Jufiice  f  Juftice! 
againft  the  Earl  of  Strafford.  Skinner 
implor'd  the  aid  of  the  Houfc  of  Lords. 
Bernardijlon  appeals  from  them  to  the 
Commons.  The  Factious  in  both  Houfcs 
engage  in  the  difputc  with  great  warmth, 
and  a  private  caufe  not  worth  mention- 
ing, being  turn'd  into  a  publick  one, 
a  new  controvcrfy  arofe,  whether  it 
was  lawful  for  the  Houfc  of  Lords  to 
ad  as  a  court  of  Judicature  in  any  other 
cafes  but  tliofe  that  are  brought  before 
them  by  Appeal  ?  The  Peers  zealoufly 
afiert,  that  fince  they  are  the  fupremc 
court  in  the  Kingdom,  the  power  of  ar- 
bitration is  entirely  at  their  own  plea- 
fure,  and  in  their  own  breaft :  That  if 
by  right  there  may  be  appeals  to  them 
from  other  courts  of  an  inferior  nature, 
why  may  not  the  fame  judgment  be 
good  without  any  appeal  at  all  ?  On  the 

other 


Of  his  own  Time.  135 

other  hand,  the  lower  Houic  afiirrrui, 
that  if  this  prerogative  of  judging  were 
allow'd,  there  would  be  an  end  of  the 
common  adminiftration  of  the  Law,  up- 
on which  alone  the  liberty  of  Englifo 
Subjects  depends :  And  that  the  courts 
in  Wejim'mfter-hall  would  be  of  no  ufe 
or  authority,  if  it  were  lawful  to  refer 
every  thing  to  the  Peers,  neglecting  thofe 
and  other  courts.  In  a  word,  they 
were  fo  enrag'd  againft  one  another, 
that  the  Parliament  was  prorogued  by 
fcvcral  intervals,  for  a  year  together, 
and  then,  the  Faction  reviving  their  old 
dilpute  the  firft  day  of  their  meeting, 
before  any  thing  clfe,  it  was  prorogued 
for  half  a  year  longer,  from  March  the 
8th,  1668,  to  October  the  19th,  1669,  and 
thence  to  the  14th  of  February  follow- 
ing, 1670,  at  which  time  the  difpute 
was  laid  aflccp,  by  the  King's  exhorting 
perfuafion  and  mediation  5  altho*  the 
next  year  new  feeds  of  contention  were 
fown  between  the  two  Houfes,  concern- 
ing the  books  of  rates  being  corrected 
by  the  Houfe  of  Lords :  For  whereas 
K  4  they 


t|6      Bp.  Parkir's  History 

they  had  fettled  fome  rates  othcrwife 
than  the  Houfe  of  Commons  had  de- 
termine, they  prefently  cried  out,  that 
it  was  not  lawful  for  them  to  do  it  > 
neither  ought  they  to  treat  of  taxes, 
but  as  they  were  peremptorily  fixed  in 
their  Houfe.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Lords  alledg'd,  that  unlefs  it  was  ia 
their  power  to  alter  them,  they  fhould 
have  no  power  in  laying  taxes,  and  they 
fhould  be  confulted  in  vain,  for  all  au- 
thority in  that  affair  would  devolve  up- 
on the  other  Houfe.  At  laft  the  con- 
tention arofe  to  that  height,  that  the 
King  lofing  a  considerable  fnbfidy,  was 
obliged  to  prorogue  the  Parliament  to 
another  year.  Yet  in  the  mean  time 
honcft  men  did  not  omit  any  opportu- 
nity of  taking  care  of  the  intereft  of 
the  Kingdom,  whenfoever  the  Parlia- 
ment fate,  but  allowing  no  truce  to  the 
Faction,  urged  the  execution  of  the 
Laws.  They  waited  on  the  King,  to 
complain  of  their  infolcncc,  giving  fuch 
manifelt  proofs  of  their  guilt,  that  he 
by  Proclamation   commanded   all  their 

preachers 


Op  his  own  Time.  137 

preachers  to  depart  five  miles  from  any 
city  or  town,   according  to  the  Law  of 
the  Oxford  Parliament.     But  when  im- 
mediately the  report  of  their  infolcnce 
increas'd  on  every  fide,  they  were  more 
provok'd,  and  declar'd  fuch  people  were 
no  longer  to    be    born  with,    and  en- 
quir'd  by  whom  they  were  encouraged  ; 
for  that  the  men  could  never  prefume  to 
commit  fuch  open  wickedncfles,  if  there 
were  not  fome  great  perfons  that  fecrct- 
ly  abetted  them.     And  they  afiur'd  the 
King  that  they  would  ftand  by  him  with 
their  lives  and  fortunes,  againft  all  the 
enemies  of  the  Kingdom  5  and  declared, 
that  all  thofe  were  fuch  enemies  to  it, 
who  had  rendred  vain  and  ineffectual, 
any  thing  that  had  been  ratified  by  Law 
in  Church  and  State  :    And  laftly,  that 
they  ought  to  be  punifh'd  as  indeed  fo 
many  rebels.     Which  importunity   be- 
ing  daily  repeated,  they  extinguifh'd  the 
fire  as  often  as  it  broke  out.      But  in 
the  beginning    of  the   following  year, 
being  weary  of  thefe  disturbances,  they 
ihew'd  their  difpleafure  againft  Convene 

ticks. 


138      Bp.  Parker's  History 

ticks,  by  parting  a  new  Law  :  By  which 
it  was  enafted,  that  whofocver  was  pre- 
fent  at  a  Conventicle,  fhould  be  fined 
five  fhillings  for  the  fiuft  offence,  and  ten 
for''  the  fecond  5  and  that  the  Preacher 
fhould  be  fined  twenty  pounds  for  the 
firft  offence,  and  forty  for  the  fecond ; 
and  that  the  owner  of  the  meeting-houfe 
fhould  undergo  the  fame  fine.  And  if 
any  Magiftratc,  after  information  given, 
negleded  the  execution  of  the  Law,  he 
was  to  be  find  a  hundred  pounds.  And 
this  was  fuch  a  wound,  that  the  Schif- 
maticks,  being  aftonifh'd  and  affright- 
ed, left  their  Conventicles  every  where, 
and  rctir'd  to  their  dark  places  of  con- 
cealment. But  the  Parliament  being  at 
length  prorogued,  they  now  being  with- 
out fear  of  punifhment,  flew  out  into 
all  manner  of  extravagance  :  But  not  to 
mention  all  their  outrages  againft  their 
country,  there  were  feven  deadly  fins 
(as  we  fay)  which  they  committed  almoft 
at  the  fame  time,  with  equal  treachery 
and  impudence,  againft  all  the  Laws  of 
Nature,  of  Nations,  and  of  the  Kingdom. 


Of  his   own  Time.  139 

Firft,  The  very  patrimony  of  the 
Crown  is  cxpos'd  to  falc. 

Secondly,  The  triple  Alliance  is 
broken. 

Thirdly,  Another  Alliance  is  made 
with  the  Moft  Chriftian  King. 

fourthly,  a  war  is  entred  into  againfl 
the  'Dutch,  at  that  time  our  Allies,  with- 
out any  previous  declaration  of  war. 

Fifthly,  the  Exchequer  is  turn  d  into 
a  place  of  robbery. 

Sixthly,  Every  one  is  allow'd  a  bound- 
lefs  liberty  in  Religion. 

Seventhly,  By  writs  iffued  at  their  own 
plcafure,  out  of  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
elections  arc  made  into  the  lower  Houfe, 
contrary  to  the  cuftom,  which,  tho'  not 
very  antient,  had  prevail'd  for  fomc 
years. 

Firfb  of  all,  the  Treafury  being  emp- 
ty, and  very  much  in  debt,  and  the 
King  being  folicitous  to  clear  himfelf, 
without  burthening  his  fubjc&s,  a  me- 
thod was  found  out  whereby  the  King 
might  pay  taxes  to  himfelf.  For  where- 
as yearly  fee-farm  rents  were  paid  to  the 


Kinrr 


i4°      Bp.  Parker's  History 

King  out  of  moft  of  the  eftates  of  his 
fubjeds,  thcfc  were  expos'd  to  fale  5  by 
which  means  the  Crown  fuffer'd  very 
much  in  two  refpeds :  Firft,  becaufe  it 
carried  in  it  a  great  diminution  of  the 
King's  power  over  his  fubjeds  :  For  by 
the  payment  of  thofe  rents,  they  ac- 
knowledged that  they  held  their  right 
in  fee  from  the  King.  Secondly,  all 
that  remained  of  the  patrimony  of  the 
Crown,  was  hereby  in  a  manner  loft. 
The  confequence  of  which  was,  that 
hereafter  the  Kings  of  England  would 
have  nothing  to  fupport  their  dignity, 
but  what  they  Ihould  owe  to  the  good 
will  of  their  fubjeds.  Neverthelefs,  an 
ad  pafied  for  the  purpofe  abovemen. 
tioned ;  nor  indeed  was  it  difficult  to 
obtain  it :  For  the  Fadious  voted  for  it, 
that  they  might  bring  a  foul  ftain  and 
difgrace  upon  the  Majefty  of  the  Crown. 
And  the  King's  friends  were  for  it,  but 
with  another  defign,  that  they  might  for 
the  prefent  relieve  their  beloved  Prince, 
whom  they  faw  now  pinched  with  the 
greateft  diftrefs, 

But 


Of    his  own  Time.  i4t 

But  the  patrimony  of  the  Crown  be- 
ing confum'd,  in  the  next  place  they  go 
to  work  with  its  reputation  and  efteem. 
For  now,  firft  the  King's  Exchequer,  be- 
ing full  of  money,  is  (hut  up,  to  the 
immenfe  lofs  of  his  fubje&s,  and  chiefly 
of  widows  and  orphans.  Por  the  King 
being  exceedingly  ftraitned  in  his  cir- 
cumftances,  was  hurried  into  a  fecond 
war  againft  the  T)utch.  But  when  he 
complain'd  that  money  would  be  want- 
ing to  carry  on  the  charge  of  fo  great  a 
war,  he  was  anfwer'd,  that  there  would 
be  money  enough  in  the  Treafury,  if 
the  payments  were  but  put  off  for  a 
year.  The  King,  whofe  greateft  fault 
was  being  too  fond  of  eafe,  and  trufting 
too  much  to  other  men,  embraced  this 
advice,  as  feeming  nccefTary  in  the  pre- 
fent  conjun&ure.  Whence  many  thou- 
f ands  of  families,  being  depriv'd  of  all 
their  fortunes,  live,  even  to  this  day, 
in  great  poverty,  as  will  their  pofterity 
after  them.  For  as  the  King  had  long 
borrowed  as  much  money  as  he  wanted 
of  the  Bankers,  fo  all  his  fubje&s  who 
i  had 


i4i      Bp.  Parker's  History 

had  money  to  put  out,  brought  it  into 
their  fhops;  both  becaufe  the  Royal 
Trcafury  was  their  fecurity,  and  alfo  be- 
caufe they  could  have  their  money  rea- 
dy for  their  ufc,  whenfocver  they  had 
occafion  for  it.  Thus  when  the  Bank- 
ers had  taken  a  great  fum  of  money  at 
intercft  from  the  fubjefts,  cfpecially 
from  widows  and  orphans,  and  the  King 
had  taken  it  of  the  Bankers  ;  the  money 
which  he  had  in  the  Exchequer,  bor- 
rowed of  others,  came  to  be  appli- 
ed to  other  ufes :  and  the  infamy  of 
this  method  of  plundering  was  the  great- 
er, becaufe  the  King  had  before  this 
made  himfelf  furety  for  the  Bankers. 
For  whereas  the  'Dutch,  in  the  year  1 667, 
had  furpriz'd  the  King's  fleet  lying  at 
Chatham,  in  that  great  confternation 
and  difturbance,  the  fureties  and  credi- 
tors throng'd  to  the  Bankers  for  the 
payment  of  their  money :  For  in  the 
firft  terror  and  furprize,  it  was  thought 
that  the  whole  itland  was  conquer'd, 
and  that  no  one  could  be  fafe  by  any 
means  but  by  flight  5  therefore  many 
i  gather'd 


Of  his  own  Time.  143 

gather'd  together  all  that  they  had,    to 
export  with    them   into  foreign   coun- 
tries.    The  King,  that  the  Bankers  might 
not  fink  under  thefe  fudden  and  pref- 
fing  demands,    by  Proclamation  engag'd 
himfelf,    and  his  Royal  Faith  and  Dig- 
nity,   for  the  payment  of  the  money, 
encouraging  them  to  be  quiet  a  little, 
for  the  danger  would  be  prefently  over, 
and  hereafter,  whatever  mifchicf  fhould 
happen,  he  would  on  no  account  defer 
the  payments  of  the  Trcafury,  even  for 
a  day.     Therefore  their  fear  being  pre- 
fently allay'd,  by  this  Proclamation,  and 
they  being  now  fecure  of  their  intercft 
being  duly  paid  for  the  future,  all  who 
had  money  to  put  out  depofited  it  there, 
as  in  the  fafeft  place  5  by  which  means 
an  immenfe   turn  of   money   that   was 
committed   to   the  Trcafury,    in  confi- 
dence of  fafety,  was  at  once  fciz'd  and 
embezzled.     And  thus  the  King,  as  well 
as  the  fubjefts,  was  impos'd  upon  ;    for 
they  perfuaded  him  that   the  payments 
were  deferrd  only  for  a  year,  and  then 
all  would  be  difcharg'd,    for  he  would 

foon 


*44      Bp.  Parker's  History 

foon  be  matter  of  the  "Dutch  Smyrna 
fleet,  very  richly  laden>  for  which  they 
were  in  a  readinefs  ;  and  when  this  was 
done,  they  fhould  pay  all  the  debts  be- 
fore the  day  appointed  for  payment; 
But  the  year  being  ended,  they  put  it 
off  for  another  half  year,  promifing  up- 
on the  publick  faith,  ihat  it  fhould  be 
no  longer  deferr'd.  But  when  the  King 
at  length  found  himfelf  incapable  of 
paying,  and  could  no  longer  bear  the 
tears  and  complaints  of  the  miferable, 
he  laid  the  matter  before  the  Parliament; 
The  Fadious  at  the  fame  time  interpos'd, 
to  prevent  the  pa  (ling  of  a  Law  on 
their  behalf. 

When  therefore  the  King  defir'd  in  the 
next  place  that  the  chimney-tax  might 
be  engag'd  by  Law  for  ever  for  their  fa- 
tisfadion  (altho*  this  was  a  great  dimi- 
nution of  the  Royal  Revenue)  yet  they 
fharpiy  refused  it,  choofing  rather  to 
weaken  the  credit  of  the  Treafury,  than 
the  Treafury  it  fclf.  For  this  was  only 
the  wound  of  one  age,  the  other  would 
be  an  everlafting  reproach,   and  not  be 

blotted 


Of  his  own  Time.  145 

blotted  out  by  time,  till  the  publick  faith 
had  made  it  felf  good  $  and  not  to  be 
hcal'd  even  then  without  a  (ear. 

As  to  the  violation  of  the  triple  alli- 
ance, the  beginning  the  war  againft  the 
'Dutch,  without  proclaming  it,  and 
the  cntring  into  a  league  with  the  French 
King,  they  urged  thefe  things  to  his 
Majefty  :  That  an  effectual  league  be- 
tween the  Englzfh  and  the  Dutch  was 
a  thing  impracticable  :  That  they  were 
not  a  juft  and  lawful  Republick,  but  a 
neft  of  robbers  and  pyrates :  That  there 
was  an  innate  hatred  between  the  Nati- 
ons :  That  the  Dutch  would  wage  per- 
petual wars  againft  England  both  by  na- 
tural inclination  and  for  the  fake  of  gain, 
which  chiefly  fways  with  fuch  fordid  men : 
That  that  vain  Nation  vying  with  ancient 
Rome,  promifed  thcmfelvcs  at  laft  to  be 
maftcrs  of  the  World  5  over  which  they 
had  long  laid  claim  to  the  folc  right 
of  trade  and  commerce  :  That  the  King 
of  England  alone  could  flop  their  am- 
bition :  That  if  the  Engltflo  were  con- 
quered,  they  would  foon  command  as 

L  they 


i^G      Bp.  Parker's  History 

they  pleas'd  at  fea  without  a  rival  5  and 
then  being  Lords  at  fca  would  eafily 
get  the  dominion  at  land.  Therefore  fince 
the  cafe  flood  thus,  that  one  of  the  na- 
tions muft  fall,  this  fecond  Carthage  ought 
to  be  deftroy'd.  Further,  what  if  the  Laws 
of  Confederacy  had  been  a  little  violat- 
ed, by  beginning  a  war  without  pro- 
claiming it  ?  the  thing  was  not  done  againft 
a  juft  enemy,  but  againfl  a  Nation  that 
broke  all  alliances  5  and  there  was  no 
faith  to  be  kept  with  thofe  that  kept 
none :  That  the  'Dutch  had  always  been 
falfe  to  God  and  man,  and  being  a 
perjured  people,  had  forfeited  all  advan- 
tage from  the  Law  of  Nations  :  And 
laftly,  fince  they  had  no  regard  to  alli- 
ances themfelvcs,  they  could  not  exped 
any  from  others;  much  lefs  from  the 
Englijh,  whom,  after  lb  many  folemn 
leagues  entcr'd  into,  they  had  always 
impos'd  upon  by  their  perjuries  :  That 
he  mould  remember  Amboyna  and  Su- 
rinam, and  the  league  lately  made  at 
the  Hague,  when  the  wax  was  yet  fcarce 
cold,  e'er  they  had  forgot  their  obliga- 
tion 


Of  his   own  Time.  14 

tion  fo  far,  as  even  not  to  ftrike  flag  to 
the  Britifh  (hips.  He  mould  remember 
their  exploit  at  Guinea,  when  they  fur> 
priz'd  Admiral  Holmes,  failing  near  the 
African  coait,  who,  when  he  had  in 
his  own  defence  overcome  them,  and 
taken  their  forts  whence  they  fir'd  upon 
him  ;  they,  in  his  abience,  came  to  com- 
plain of  him  in  high  terms  to  the  King 
of  England--,  that  he  had  afted  like  a 
pyrate,  and  without  any  antecedent  pro- 
vocation, had  fuddenly  attack'd  and 
taken  their  fortreffes.  That  he  mould 
remember  Renters  villany,  who  when 
the  'Dutch,  joining  fleets  with  the  Eng- 
lish, had  befet  the  Alger  me  pyratcs,  with- 
drew himfelf  by  Health  to  the  coafts  of 
Guinea,  by  order  of  the  States,  where 
by  a  treacherous  robbery  he  carried  a- 
way  all  the  effects  of  the  Englifh,  who 
little  expected  any  fuch  hoftiiity.  And 
laftly,  if  an  alliance  was  to  be  violated 
at  all,  it  was  worth  while  to  violate 
it  for  the  fake  of  fuch  a  reward : 
For  that  the  King  wou'd  fuddenly  take 
the  Smyrna  fleet,  not  apprehenfivc  of 
L  1  war. 


148      Bp.  Parker's  History 

war,  and  with  that  one  booty  would 
both  clear  the  debts  of  the  Trcafury, 
and  pay  the  charges  of  the  enfuing  war. 

And  iaftly,  we  ought  to  enter  into 
an  alliance  with  the  Mod  Chriftian 
King  5  firft,  becaufe  he  was  the  mod 
powerful  Prince  in  Europe  j  and  with- 
al, he  was  an  inveterate  enemy  to  the 
States.  Nay,  that  it  was  the  common 
caufe  of  all  Kings,  to  have  that  info- 
lent  Rcpublick  deftroy'd,  which  made 
fuch  a  figure  in  the  midft  of  Europe. 
Neither  indeed  was  the  war  to  be  fet  on 
foot  lb  much  againft  the  'Dutch  Nation, 
as  againft  the  Fa&ion  of  the  T>e  Wits, 
who  had  long  declar'd  war  againft  the 
name  of  Kings;  which  Padion  being 
fupprcfled,  the  Prince  of  Orange,  the 
King's  nephew,  would  recover  the  an- 
tient  dignity  of  his  family.  That  the 
victory  over  the  enemy  would  be  eafily 
and  quickly  obtain'd,  fmce  they  had 
been  a  long  time  ftrangers  to  a  war  at 
land,  whereas  the  French,  on  the  other 
hand,  could  bring  feveral  veteran  ar- 
mies into  the  field.     That  the  Englijb 

were 


Of  his  own  Time."  145* 

were  fecure  of  a  vi&ory  at  fea,  fincc 
they  were  to  fight  with  an  enemy  whom 
they  were  always  too  hard  for  5  and  at 
this  time,  without  doubt,  they  would 
overcome,  fmcc  they  would  have  the 
French  fleet  to  aflift  them  5  therefore 
the  war  would  be  fhort,  and  the  advan- 
tage of  it  great,  fince  it  might  be  agreed, 
that  all  the  inland  Provinces  mould  fall 
to  the  lot  of  France,  and  the  ica-coafts 
to  England.  All  which  counlcls  being 
plcafing  to  the  King,  and  moft  of  them 
fceming  juft  and  beneficial,  without 
difficulty  obtain'd  his  aflent.  But  this 
occafion'd  fuch  havock  of  men,  as  all 
the  nations  of  Europe  lament  to  this  day. 
For  the  French  King  being  the  moft 
powerful  of  all,  and  in  ftrength  and 
military  valour  almoft  a  match  for  all, 
was  the  only  Prince  to  be  fear'd  by  the 
Princes  of  Europe.  Since  therefore  it 
was  the  common  intereft,  that  he  fhould 
not  be  too  great,  they  cntred  into  a 
common  alliance  to  prevent  it :  For  al- 
tho'  that  was  caird  a  triple  alliance, 
which  was  firft  made  between  the  Eng- 

L  3  ///&, 


150      Bp.  Parker's  History 

lifh,  the  Swedes,  and  the  'Dutch,  yet 
prefently  there  came  into  it  the  Spa- 
niard, the  Eleftor  of  Brandenburgh,  a 
powerful  and  brave  Prince,  and  almoft 
all  the  German  Princes,  together  with 
the  Emperor.  By  which  manifold  bond 
they  fufficiently  curb'd  France,  fo  long 
as  it  held  together.  But  that  being 
broken,  he  prefently  invaded  every 
plice,  attacking  thofc  fcparately,  whom 
he  durft  not  attack  together  5  fo  that 
all  Europe  was  fuddenly  in  a  conflagra- 
tion :  Firft  of  all,  as  it  were  in  an  in- 
ftant,  and  with  the  fwiftnefs  of  Ctefars 
march,  all  Holland  was  over-run,  as  far 
as  Amflerdam,  with  a  vaft  (laughter. 

There  was  a  bloody  fight  at  fca  the 
fame  fummer,  between  the  English  and 
'Dutch,  the  Commanders  being  the 
Duke  of  Tork  on  one  fide,  and  Renter 
on  the  other.  The  enemy  being  as  it 
were  in  defpair,  behaved  thcmfclvcs 
with  more  ardour  and  fierccnefs  than 
heretofore  5  and  tho'  they  were  over- 
come, and  put  to  flight,  and  block'd  up 
in  port,  yet  the  vi&ory  coft  us  dear. 

There 


Op  his  own  Time.  15  v 

There  was  a  great  (laughter  of  men 
on  both  fides :    For  when  the  cDutchy 
fighting  almoft  with  Englijh  fury,  fought 
nearer  than  formerly,  with  every  volley 
of  fhot,  and  every  turn  of  the  fhips,   a 
great  number  of  men  fell  in  both  fleets. 
Amongft  the  Englifi,    many  honorary 
foldiers  were  (lain,  and  ten  captains  of 
fhips.     Amongft  thefc  were  the  Earl  of 
Sandwich*,    and  cDigby  fon  of  the  Earl 
of  Briftol?     who  almoft  alone  fought 
with  the  third  fquadron  of  the  "Dutch : 
But  at  length,    when    Digby   was   fhot 
thro'  the   heart,    and   the  fhip    that    he 
commanded  was  bor'd  thro*  with  innu- 
merable fhots,    the  fca-men  with  diffi- 
culty  brought    her    into    the  harbour. 
But  Sandwich  having  fadly  fhatter'd  fe- 
ven  of  their  fhips,    and   beat  off  three 
flre-fhips,  at  length  being  over-power'd 
with   numbers,    fell   a    facrifice  for  his 
country.     A   Gentleman   adorn'd    with 
all  the  virtues  of  Alcibiades,  and  untaint- 
ed by  any  of  his  vices  5    of  high  birth, 
capable  of    any  bufinefs,    full   of   wif- 
dom,  a  great  Commander  at  fea  and  land, 
L  4  and 


15 1      Bp.  Parker's  History 

and  alfo  learned  and  eloquent,  affable, 
liberal,  and  magnificent.  'Digby  was 
defcended  of  a  family  famous  both  for 
courage  and  wit,  and  as  dear  to  Sandwich, 
for  his  great  endowments,  as  if  he  had 
been  his  own  fon  5  he  was  furnifh'd  with 
learning  that  became  the  dignity  of  his 
birth ;  a  very  beautiful  youth,  (he  had  per- 
formed many  glorious  actions  before  he 
had  fcarcely  attain'd  to  man's  eftate)  he 
knew  not  what  fear  was  ;  he  was  pati- 
ent of  labour,  and  prodigal  of  himfelf, 
and  yet  not  ram ;  engag'd  in  battles, 
fieges,  fea-flghts,  and  all  the  actions  of 
war,  from  the  very  beginning  of  his 
life :  And  mod  unfortunately  it  hap- 
pen'd  to  his  country,  to  have  a  youth 
of  fo  much  bravery,  and  fuch  fine  parts, 
hurried  off  by  fo  untimely  a  death.  But 
thus  generally  what  is  moft  excellent, 
is  of  fhorteft  continuance ! 

With  the  fame  lofs  to  his  country> 
fell  that  eminently  ingenious  youth, 
Charles  Cotterel,  the  eldeft  fon  of  the 
belt  of  fathers,  in  the  twenty  fecond 
year  of  his  age.  A  Gentleman  devoted 
3  to 


Of   his  own  Time.  15  3 

to  all  kinds  of  learning ;  not  only  skill'd 
in  the  Greek  and  Latin  tongues,  but  who 
fpoke  ( fo  great  was  his  memory  i)  every 
language  of  Europe?    as  readily  as  if  it 
had  been  his  mother  tongue.     But  al- 
tho*  he  was  adorn'd  with  all  polite  and 
genteel  learning,    he  was  yet  no  lefs  a 
ibldicr,  being  endued  with  equal  fweet- 
nefs  and  greatnefs  of  mind;    he  loved 
his  friends  with  entire  finccrity,    fear'd 
no  enemy,    if  indeed  he  had  any,  and 
cxcell'd   in     an    incredible   vigour   and 
conftancy  of  mind.     He  alfo,  being  en- 
rich'd    with    thefe    great    endowments, 
was  moft  beloved  by  Sandwich :  There- 
fore he  follow'd  him  into  all  the  dan- 
gers of  war,    and  did  not  attend  him 
with  Ids  diligence  than  if  he  had  been 
one  of  thole  that  were  to  guard  him. 
But  when  in  this  extremity  of  danger, 
he  found  that  that  great  man  mufl  die, 
with  what  fury,  with  what  indignation, 
with  what  an  entire  negled  of  himfclf, 
did  he  rufh    upon  the  enemy !    If  any 
one  durft  attempt  to  board  his  fliip,  he 
was  the   firft    that  made   the  man  rue 

his 


i;4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

his  rafhnefs ;  and  often  the  firft  that 
boarded  the  enemy,  and  encountered 
dangers  whercfocver  they  offer'd  them- 
felvcs  ;  and  there  was  nothing  fo  diffi- 
cult or  dangerous,  but  what  he  attempt- 
ed, till  being  wearied  with  the  flaugh- 
ter  of  his  enemic,  he  died  in  the  midft 
of  his  vidories. 

But  the  Duke  of  Torky  as  he  had  bet- 
ter fortune,  fo  he  had  greater  glory,, 
with  regard  to  his  danger  and  his  cou- 
rage. For  at  the  beginning  of  the  en- 
gagement, he  was  bcfet  by  four  fhips, 
one  of  them  Admiral  Renters  fhip,  an- 
other Vice-Admiral  Van-EJfi's,  and  two 
other  of  their  largeft  fhips,  lent  to  fup- 
port  them  :  He  not  only  Hood  the  fhock 
of  thefe,  but  oblig'd  them  to  retire,  and 
as  often  as  he  had  the  advantage  of 
the  wind,  he  fought  fo  near  them,  fhip 
to  fhip,  as  if  they  had  engaged,  not 
with  guns,  but  (words.  And  altho'  the 
'Dutch  were  at  firft  animated  by  their 
numbers,  yet  he  foon  put  them  into 
difordcr  by  this  clofe  fighting  5  till  at 
length,  after  three  hours,  the  Duke  of 
3  Torts 


Of  his   own  Time.  155 

Torks  Admiral  fhip  was  fhattcr'd  and 
bor'd  by  many  great  (hots,  and  ftrip'd 
of  its  mails  and  yards,  fo  that  he  was 
forcd  to  go  on  board  Vice-Admiral 
Holmes's  fhip,  in  which,  when  he  had 
maintain'd  a  fight  for  fomc  hours,  not 
fo  properly  with  fmgle  mips,  as  indeed 
with  their  whole  fleet,  that  alio  was 
fo  fhattcr'd  with  frequent  fhots,  that  af- 
terwards it  could  hardly  be  drawn  in- 
to harbour,  for  (he  drew  water  fix  foot 
deep  before  the  Duke  left  her.  Hence 
he  went  with  the  Royal  Standard  on 
board  a  third  fhip,  commanded  by  Spragg> 
in  which  he  renew'd  the  battle  with 
greater  heat,  and  at  length,  towards  the 
clofe  of  the  day,  (and  the  battle  begun 
in  the  morning)  he  put  the  enemy  to 
flight,  and  following  them  to  their  har- 
bours, he  block'd  them  up  for  two 
days,  till  the  wind  blowing  hard,  and  a 
ftorm  rifing,  he  return'd  into  port  with 
his  victorious  fleet. 

This  one  battle  did  not  put  an  end 
to  the  war,  but  the  next  year  there 
were  fcveral  engagements,    firft  on  the 


20th 


i $6      Br.  Parker's  History 

20th  of  May,  then  on  the  4th  of  June7 
and  laftly  on  the  20th  of  Auguft :  But 
the  "Dutch  being  now  made  more  wary, 
by  the  change  of  their  affairs  for  the 
better,  engage  with  their  ufual  pru- 
dence, ufmg  their  arts  more  than  their 
arms.  For  they  never  venture  to  fight, 
but  near  their  coads  and  havens,  and 
banks  of  fand,  nay  almoft  within  their 
harbours.  Neither  would  they  engage, 
but  at  a  very  convenient  diflancc  from 
their  enemy,  only  there  was  a  remark- 
able fight  between  Spragg  and  Tromp : 
For  thefe  having  mutually  agreed  to  at- 
tack each  other,  not  out  of  hatred,  but 
a  third  of  glory,  they  engag'd  with  all 
the  rage,  or  as  it  were  with  all  the 
fport  of  war.  They  came  fo  clofe  to 
one  another,  that  like  an  army  of  foot 
they  fought  at  once  with  their  guns  and 
fwords.  Almod  at  every  turn,  both 
their  fiiips,  though  not  funk,  were  yet 
bored  through,  their  cannon  being  dif- 
charg  d  within  common  gun-fhot :  Nei- 
ther did  our  ball  fall  in  vain  into  the 
fea,    but  each  fhip  piere'd  the  other,   as 

if 


Of    his  own  Time.  157 

if  they  had  fought  with  fpcars.  But  at 
length,  three  or  four  fhips  being  fhat- 
ter'd,  as  Spragg  was  palling  in  a  long- 
boat from  one  fhip  to  another,  the  boat 
was  over-turn'd  by  a  chance  mot,  and 
that  great  man  not  being  skill'd,  in  fwim- 
ming  was  drown'd,  to  the  great  grief 
of  his  generous  enemy,  who  after  the 
death  of  Spragg  could  hardly  hope  to 
find  an  enemy  equal  to  himfclf.  But 
thus  it  happen  d,  that  when  that  brave 
man  had  overcome  fo  many  dangers? 
his  country  being  now  victorious  and 
fafe,  no  honour  remained  for  him  to 
receive,  but  the  reward  of  a  glorious 
death. 

And  thus  there  was  an  end  put  to 
war  and  (laughter,  by  the  death  of  this 
great  man,  for  foon  after  a  peace  was 
concluded  :  For  the  'Dutch  being  hum- 
bled and  broke,  by  fo  many  defeats  at 
fea  and  land,  they  offer'd  humble  pe- 
titions to  the  King  of  Great  Britain, 
begging  for  peace  and  mercy,  making 
ufe  of  the  Spamjh  EmbalTador  to  inter- 
pofe  his  mediatorfhip :    For  the  King, 

after 


158      Bp.  Parker's  History 

after  fo  many  leagues  broken,  and  vain 
promifes  made  by  the  f aft  ion  of  the 
De-IVits,  would  no  longer  be  put  off 
with  'Dutch  faith,  but  required  fome 
perfon  to  be  guarantee  for  the  per- 
formance of  the  conditions  agreed  up- 
on. Which  being  done,  the  peace  was 
concluded  upon  thefe  terms. 

Firft,  the  "Dutch  were  for  the  future^ 
with  all  obeifance,  to  ftrike  to  the  fhips 
of  England. 

Then  they  were  to  reftore  the  prifon- 
ers  taken  at  Surinam  to  their  liberty. 

Then  they  were  to  quit  what  they 
had  taken  in  both  Indies. 

And  laftly,  they  were  to  pay  eight 
hundred  thoufand  crowns  to  the  King 
of  Great  Britain,  for  the  charges  of  the 
war. 

Thefe  articles  of  peace  the  King 
thought  fit  to  lay  before  the  Parliament, 
before  he  would  ratify  them,  the  Par- 
liament finding  but  one  article  of  little 
confideration ,  about  fifhing  near  the 
Britifh  fhorcs,  they  moil:  heartily  thanked 
the  King,  and  applauded  his  wifdom  in 

what 


Of  his  own  Time.  152 

what    he   had  done.      So  a  peace  was 
concluded    the   beginning   of    the  next 
month,  viz.  February  the  9th,  1674.  and 
has  continued  to  this  day :  Every  thing 
was  granted  for  which  the  war  was  be- 
gun, eipecially  the  right  and  honour  of 
the  flag,  which  the  'Dutch  had   never, 
from  the  times  of  Cromwell,    acknow- 
ledge to  be  due  to  the  Engl? fh,  by  any 
fan    ingenuous  agreement,    or  without 
ambiguous   words.      But   fince  this  had 
been  the  caufe,  or  rather  the  colour  and 
pretence  of  the  war,  Borell,  the  Embaf- 
fador   from   the  States  General  to  the 
King  of  Great  Britainy  confulted  John 
De-IVits,    who  was  the  chief  man  in 
power,    that   he  might  know  how   to 
treat  of  that  affair.     De-Wits  anfwered 
hi   thefe  words,     September  22,    1671. 
u  This  pretended  dominion  of  the  fea 
"  was  always  ungrateful  to  the  ears  of 
"  our  countrymen  5    and  as  often  as  it 
"  was  proposed,    it  was  always  rejected 
u  with  indignation ;  and  indeed  at  thofe 
"  very  times,    when  the  affairs  of  the 
u  Dutch  were  but  in  a  low  eftate  with 

"  refpect 


i Go      Bp.  Parker's  History 

refped  to  England,  and  they  were  in 
the  greateft  ftraits,  both  for  the  want 
of  (hips,    and  becaufe  their  meafures 
were  not   well  fettled  for  undertak- 
ing a  war  -,  to  wit,  in  the  years  165  3, 
and  1654,    when  they  made  a  league 
with  Cromwell. "     In  which,   after  a 
long  difputc,  the  'Dutch  agreed  to  give 
the  honour  of  the  flag,  but  not  as  a  right 
and  due,  but  as  it  were  out  of  court efy 
and    civility.       And  when  the  Englijh 
long  contended  that  their  top-fails  and 
flags   fhould  be    lower'd,    not  only   by 
fingle  fhips,    but  by  whole  fleets ;    the 
'Dutch,    on  the  other  hand,   conftantly 
refusal  to  agree  to  the  peace,  unlcfs  that 
claufe    concerning    the    fubmiflion    of 
whole  fleets,  were  taken  away. 

There  was  the  fame  agreement  in 
the  treaties  of  1662,  and  1667,  in  which, 
fays  he,  there  was  nothing  new  done, 
but  the  Englijh  were  contented  with 
the  bare  tranferibing  of  the  article  for- 
merly drawn  up ;  whence  he  will  have 
it  to  be  plain,  "  that  it  is  not  without 
"  manifeft  injury,    that  this  honour  is 

"  claim'd 


Of  his  own  Time.  \Ci 

"  claim'd  of  our  Republick,  under  the 
"  title  of  a  right  and  a  due,  and  that 
"  the  whole  fleet  of  the  United  Pro- 
"  vinces  fliould  lower  their  fails  and 
U  flags  at  meeting  one  or  two  Englijh 
u  fhips.  Both  thefe  things  were  look'd 
u  upon  as  intolerable,  and  rejc&ed, 
"  even  in  the  moil  difficult  times  of 
"  the  Republick:  How  much  more  in- 
u  tolerable  then  (with  fubmifllon)  is  it, 
"  that  fuch  things  fhould  now  be  de- 
"  manded  of  us?"  Thus  he  fpoke.  To 
the  fame  effect,  the  States  afterwards 
delivered  in  a  Memorial  to  the  King, 
by  their  Embaffador,  *8^}-i  67 1-2,  fo 
exactly  like,  in  words  and  fenfe,  to  'De 
Wifs  letter,  that  it  is  plain  they  were 
both  written  by  the  fame  author.  To 
thefe  the  King  made  anfwer,  that  he 
refented  it  very  much,  that  Cromwell's 
times  were  alledg'd  to  him  3  that  the 
right  of  the  flag  was  a  very  antient 
right  of  the  Kings  of  England,  and  had 
been  paid  from  the  earliclt  times  within 
the  memory  of  man ;  not  granted  by 
any  league  or  compaft,    much  lefs  by 

M  one 


i6t      Bp.  Parker's  History 

one  made  with  Cromwell -y  that  he,  the 
more  eafily  to  maintain  his  newly-got- 
ten tyranny  at  home,  did  agree  to  any 
the  moft  difhonourable  conditions  a- 
broad;  and  facrificed  the  rights  of  Mo- 
narchy to  his  tin j uft  pofleflion  :  That  it 
was  fufficient  for  a  tyrant,  if  he  gain'd 
any  civility  or  courtefy  from  foreign- 
ers 5  but  that  a  King  of  England  would 
never  accept  of  an  honour  fo  precari- 
oufly  given  :  That  unlefs  it  was  allow'd 
to  be  an  abfolute  right,  he  wou'd  ne- 
ver receive  any  thing  from  TDutch  cour- 
tefy :  That  an  honour  arifing  from  fuch 
a  title  wou'd  not  laft  lomz;,  but  would 
be  withdrawn  the  firft  opportunity. 
They  ihould  therefore  know,  that  he 
requir'd  the  abfolute  dominion  of  the 
fea  5  not  only  the  Brztifh  fea,  (as  they 
wou'd  have  it)  but  farther  northward, 
as  far  as  Norway.  They  fhould  remem- 
ber that  their  fathers  paid  toll  to  Charles 
the  Firft,  in  the  years  1635-36-37,  for 
the  liberty  of  fifhing  within  the  feas  of 
his  dominion  and  empire,  and  therefore 
they  ftruggled  againft  it  in  vain  5  for  he 

wou'd 


Of  his  own  Time.  163 

wou'd  not  accept  the  honour,  except  they 
acknowledg'd  the  right  of  the  flag. 
Thus  the  "Dutch  being;  overcome,  agreed 
to  whatfoever  conditions  he  plcas'd, 
again  acknowledging  our  anticnt  right, 
and  extending  our  dominion  at  fea  as 
far  as  Norway.  The  French  King  alone 
was  againfl:  this  league.  His  Embaila- 
dor  Ruvigny,  in  a  Memorial  prefented 
Jan.  25.  1674.  complain  d  that  it  was 
not  juft,  by  the  articles  of  the  alliance 
with  France,  to  make  a  feparate  peace. 
But  why  did  he  not  confidcr,  that  this 
very  alliance  was  before  violated  by 
himfelf  ?  For  the  Kings  agreed  chiefly 
upon  that  condition,  that  the  peace  of 
Aix  laChapelle,  made  in  1662,  between 
Spain  and  France,  concerning  the  li- 
mits of  both  Kingdoms,  mould  be  pre- 
ferv'd :  Eut  ncverthclcfs  the  French  had 
made  an  irruption  into  Flanders,  where- 
fore the  King  of  England  was  not  on- 
ly releas'd  from  that  alliance,  which  the 
French  had  broken,  but  was  oblig'd, 
both  in  the  defence  of  his  Ally,  (as  the 
Spaniard  was)  and  alfo  in  his  own,  to 
M  2  defend 


1 64      Bp.  Parker's  History 

defend  Flanders  by  force  of  arms,  againft: 
the  French.  Thus  was  this  war,  that 
had  been  bafely  begun  by  the  Factious, 
juftly,  profperouily,  and  honourably 
ended,  when  they  were  remov'd  from 
the  adminiftration. 

But  although  this  war  with  the  'Dutch 
being  ended,  the  temple  of  Janus  was 
fliut  in  our  part  of  the  world ;  yet  the 
fame  rage  and  contagion  of  war  feizM 
all  the  other  nations  of  Europe.  Which 
palling  from  one  nation  to  another, 
there  was  no  nation  but  Britain  alone, 
which  did  not  feel  and  grieve  for  the 
worft  calamities  of  war  for  four  years 
together.  For  as  the  Mod  Chriftian 
King  was  more  elated  by  his  good  fuc- 
cefs  againft  the  cDutchy  being  before  a 
man  of  a  very  great  fpirit,  and  pre- 
fumed  that  nothing  would  ftand  in  his 
way  5  fo  the  neighbouring  Princes,  a- 
(toniflYd  at  his  fudden  greatnefs,  betook 
themfeives  to  their  arms,  by  a  com- 
mon agreement.  Firft,  there  was  an  al- 
liance cnter'd  into  between  the  Empe- 
ror of  the  Romans  >  the  King  of  S]>amy 
4  and 


Of  his  own  Time.  i 6% 

and  the  United  Provinces,  upon  a  con- 
dition common  to  all  alliances,  That 
every  thing  (honld  be  done  jointly,  and 
by  common  content  of  the  Confede- 
rates :  That  no  one  fhould  confult  fe- 
parately  for  himfeif :  That  each  of  them 
(hould  fHpulatc  for  the  fame  terms  of 
peace  for  the  others,  as  he  fhould  for 
himfeif  j    ne::  lonld   any  of   them 

make  peace  for  himfeif,  without  pro- 
curing it  for  all.  Thus  the  Dutch  a- 
greed  with  the  Spaniard,  by  the  8th 
article,  That  they  would  not  feparately 
treat  of  a  truce  5  and  that  one  would 
not  agree  to  a  ceflation  of  arms  with- 
out the  confent  of  the  other.  By  the 
9:"  article,  That  one  would  not  treat  of 
a  feparate  peace  without  the  other,  nor 
without  making  the  fame  terms  for  their 
Ally,  as  for  themfeives.  By  the  16-  ar- 
ticle, That  they  would  not  make  peace 
with  the  Mofi  Chriftian  King,  before 
the  CatBolick  King  fhould  be  reftor'd  to 
the  pofieiilon  of  all  thofe  places  which 
were  taken  fincc  the  Tyrenzan  treaty, 
in  the  year  i6j9$  and  particularly  by 
M  3  the 


\GC      Bp.  Parkers  History 

the  iSth  article,  That  they  would  deliver 
into  his  hands  the  city  of  Maeftricht* 
with  its  dependencies,  without  any  re- 
fcrve.  But  there  was  not  fo  ftrid  a 
league  ft  ruck  with  the  Emperor,  to 
whom  (becaufe  at  that  time  the  Turk 
threaten'd  the  Empire)  it  was  allow'd, 
by  the  6th  article,  That  if  a  war  fhou'd 
happen  with  the  Turks,  he  might  with- 
draw his  forces  from  the  confederate 
war  againft  the  Moft  Chriftian  King,  to 
defend  his  own  country.  To  this  triple 
alliance,  the  firfl:  that  join'd  himfelf,  was 
the  Duke  of  Lorrain-,  with  whom  it  was 
agreed,  by  the  6th  article,  in  thefe  words: 
cc  That  if  things  mould  break  out  into 
"  an  open  war,  their  Imperial  and  Ca- 
"  tholick  Majefties,  and  the  States  Ge- 
"  neral,  do  jointly,  and  with  the  com- 
"  mon  confent  of  all,  encase  their 
"  faith  to  his  Serene  Highnefs  the  Duke 
"  of  Lorram,  that  they  will  not  begin 
"  to  treat  of  a  peace,  or  truce,  with- 
"  out  acquainting  him  with  it  5  nor  till 
€e  they  have  at  the  fame  time  procur'd 
"  for  him  neceffary  and  fufficient  power 

"  and 


Of  his  own  Time.  167 

,c  and  fecurity  to  fend  his  Embaffadors 
"  to  the  place  of  treaty  :  That  like- 
"  wife  they  will  from  time  to  time 
"  acquaint  his  Serene  Highnefs  with 
"  every  thing  that  fhall  happen  in  thofc 
"  treaties;  and  that  they  will  not  come 
"  into  any  agreement  of  peace  or  truce, 
"  unlefs  they  can  agree  for  the  fame 
"  rights  for  him  as  for  themfclves ;  and 
u  unlefs  there  be  rcftor'd  to  him  all  the 
"  lands,  dominions,  places,  rights,  im- 
"  munities  and  prerogatives,  which  he 
"  had  in  his  Dutchy,  when  the  French 
"  laft  invaded  him.  "  The  fame  league 
at  the  death  of  the  Duke  of  Lorrain, 
was  voluntarily  renewed  by  the  States 
General,  with  Charles  his  nephew  and 
fuccefibr,  after  two  years,  in  thefe 
words  :  "  The  States  General,  to  all  and 
"  feveral  whom  it  may  concern,  fend 
"  greeting.  Whereas  on  the  ift  day  of 
u  Jufy>  l673-  lt  was  agreed  by  treaty 
"  between  their  Imperial  and  Catholick 
u  Majefties,  and  Our  Selves,  on  one 
"  part,  and  his  Serene  Highnefs  the  Lord 
"  Duke  of  Lorrain,  of  glorious  memo- 
M  4  u  ry, 


i£S      Bp.  Parker's  History 

"  ry,  on  the  other;  Be  it  known  to 
"  all,  that  the  aforefaid  agreement  did 
"  not  only  relate  to  the  perfon  of  the 
€t  aforefaid  Duke,  but  alfo  comprchend- 
<c  ed  the  Lords  his  Succeffors ;  We  there- 
"  fore  renew  the  fame  covenant,  on 
"  our  part,  with  the  prefent  Duke  of 
"  Lorrain  ;  nor  will  we  agree  to  any 
"  treaty  of  peace,  unlefs  his  Serene 
ec  Highnefs  be  admitted  into  it,  and  un- 
"  left  he  is  reflor'd  to  all  the  rights 
"  which  his  uncle  of  glorious  memory 
"  poflefs'd.  To  which  we  fet  our  com- 
il  mon  fcal,  this  11th  day  of  "December \ 

"   1675. 

Next  to  the  Duke  of  Lorrain,  came 
into  the  fame  confederacy,  the  Dukes 
of  Brunfaick  and  Lunenburgh  on  44  of 
June,  1674,  by  the  14th  article.  And 
at  the  fame  time  the  Elector  of  Bran- 
denburgh,  by  the  20th  and  24th  articles. 
Then  the  King  of  Denmark,  by  the  1 8th, 
19th,  and  20th.  In  the  beginning  of 
the  following  year,  to  wit,  the  26th  of 
January,  1675.  the  Bifhop  of  Ofna- 
burgh  by  the  nthc     Towards  the  end  of 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  i£p 

the  fame  year,  on  the  16th  of  October ', 
the  Bifhop  of  Munfier,  by  the  8th. 
Laftly,  the  Prince  Talatine,  the  25th  of 
November ',  1676,  by  the  19th?  though 
indeed  fomewhat  late;  and  perhaps  he 
had  not  acceded  at  all ,  had  not  his 
country  been  almoft  taken  and  fpoil'd. 
For  the  firft  theatre  of  war  was  the  Pa- 
latinate of  the  Rhine ;  a  Province  very 
feverely  tormented  with  war,  if  ever 
any  country  was,  which  had  fuffer'd 
great  devaluations  in  frequent  battles  in 
the  German  war  of  the  former  age. 

The  firft  battle,  between  thofe  famous  ^une  l6 
Commanders,  Marfhal  Turenne  on  one  1674. 
fide,  and  the  Duke  of  Lorrain  on  the 
other,  was  fought  with  a  great  flaughtcr 
of  men  on  both  fides,  but  an  even  bat- 
tle y  and  fo,  the  Commanders  being  a 
match  for  each  other,  went  off  with 
great  (laughter  of  their  forces,  the  vic- 
tory being  claim' d  on  both  fides,  but 
not  gain'd  on  either.  In  both  armies, 
there  were  flain,  in  a  few  hours,  above 
twenty  thoufand  men.  And  had  not 
night  put  a  flop  to  their  fury,  fince  each 

Com- 


170      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Commander  could  not  bear  the  thoughts 
of  leaving  the  field,  unlefs  with  con- 
quefl,  the  fight  would  not  have  ended 
in  vi&ory  on  either  fide,  but  a  univcrfal 
(laughter  of  both  armies. 
Aug.  11.  With  almoft  the  fame  rage  and  event 
there  was  a  battle  fought  under  the 
Prince  of  Orange  on  one  fide,  and  the 
Prince  of  Conde  on  the  other,  till  almoft 
midnight,  near  Seneff  in  Flanders  5  hot 
and  doubtful  was  the  engagement, 
there  was  no  retreat  but  in  death,  ei- 
ther army  often  giving  back  a  little,  but 
neither  a&ually  retiring. 

Firft  of  all,  the  French  coming  upon 
them  by  furprize  out  of  a  wood,  and 
attacking  the  enemy  in  the  rear,  put 
them  to  flight,  taking  all  their  artillery 
and  baggage.  But  purfuing  them  that 
fled,  till  they  joind  their  own  men, 
they  were  repuls'd  with  great  (laughter; 
and  were  put  to  fo  precipitate  a  flight, 
that  lofing  their  booty,  they  hardly  got 
into  order  again.  Hereupon,  when  all 
things  were  fet  in  order  for  a  more 
equal   battle,    the   fight    was    renew'd. 

The 


Of  his  own  Time.  171 

The  a&ion  was  very  hot ;  the  Generals 
were  prefent  every  where  5  commended 
thofe  that  behav'd  themfelvcs  well,  and 
fevcrcly  reproach'd  thofe  that  did  not; 
and  wherever  there  was  any  danger  of 
retiring,  opposed  and  ftop'd  it  by  their 
example  ;  whence  there  was  a  fierce 
{laughter  on  both  fides.  For  they  fought 
with  that  fury,  that  at  length  being 
quite  tired,  and  hardly  able  to  bear  their 
own  arms,  much  lefs  the  ftrokes  of  the 
enemy  (if  indeed  they  were  able  to 
ftrike)  they  on  both  fides  did  not  fo 
properly  found  a  retreat,  and  go  away 
in  order,  as  voluntarily  give  over  fight- 
ing, by  the  favour  of  the  night  inter- 
vening. Each  army  rather  wondred  at 
the  obflinacy  of  their  enemy,  than  boaft- 
ed  of  their  own  victory.  The  French 
confefs'd  that  there  were  four  thoufand 
of  their  men  (lain,  and  above  ten  thou- 
fand of  their  enemies.  The  end  of  the 
battle  was  fuch  as  might  be  expecled 
between  two  Commanders  that  know 
their  own  courage,    and  cannot   think 


of  retiring. 


There 


172,      Bp    Parker's  History 

There  was  a  third  battle  this  year, 
in  the  fame  Province  of  the  Talatinate, 
between  the  fame  armies,  under  the 
fame  Commanders,  as  the  firft.  That 
alfo  was  fuch  a  battle  as  may  be  con- 
ceived between  two  armies  that  rival'd 
one  another's  fame  and  glory ;  for  it 
was  not  yet  determin'd  concerning  the 
fuccefs  of  the  former  battle,  to  which 
fide  the  vidory  inclin'd.  Since  there- 
fore the  event  of  this  one  battle  was 
to  be  the  reward  of  both,  they  fought 
with  double  obftinacy.  The  engage- 
ment began  in  the  morning,  and  con- 
tinued with  that  heat  to  the  evening 
as  may  be  fuppofed  between  two  ar- 
mies inflam'd  with  anger,  hatred,  re- 
venge, and  emulation  :  Therefore  the 
{laughter  was  fo  great  that  it  did  not 
feem  to  be  a  fight,  but  a  perfeft  car- 
nage. Nor  did  they  part  from  one  an- 
other, till  both  being  weary  with  (laugh- 
ter, retreated  purely  for  want  of  necef- 
fary  refrefhment.  In  both  armies  there 
were  loft  at  leaft  twenty  thoufand ;  al- 
moft  half  the  men  that  were  in  the  ac- 
tion. 


Of    his  own  Time.  173 

tion.  In  thcfe  dreadful  {laughters,  the 
year  was  fpent  5  which  could  never 
have  happen'd,  had  not  opportunity  and 
occafion  been  given  for  a  war,  by  the 
breaking  of  the  triple  alliance :  For  the 
French  King  was  not  fo  mad  as  to  dare, 
alone,  to  proclaim  war  againft  all  Eu- 
rope. But  the  alliance  being  broken, 
he  prefently  began  that  war  againft  the 
'Dutch,  which  obliged  all  the  people 
of  Europe,  from  their  fevcral  habitati- 
ons far  and  wide,  as  far  as  the  Chriftian 
world  reaches,  to  defend  themfelves  a- 
gainft  him.  Whence  there  was  fo  vaft 
a  deluge  of  Chriftian  blood,  as  perhaps 
was  never  before ;  at  leaft  if  the  fhort 
time  in  which  fo  many  wars  were  car- 
ried on,  be  compar'd  with'  the  great- 
nefs  of  the  (laughters. 

But  when  they  had  fo  often  fought  1675, 
with  equal  ftrength  and  lofs  of  men  on 
both  fides,  their  confidence  in  them- 
felves, and  contempt  of  their  enemies, 
being  now  abated,  they  began  to  con- 
fider  of  peace,  the  King  of  Great  Bri- 
tain periuading  and  intcrpofing;   who 

aifo 


174      Bp-  Parker's  History 

alfo  offer'd  himfelf  as  a  guarantee  of 
the  treaty.  They  difputcd  long  about 
the  place  of  treaty  ;  at  length,  two  years 
after  they  agreed  upon  Nimegueny  a 
city  in  the  Province  of  Gelderland.  In 
the  mean  time,  whiift  the  Embafladors 
of  the  Princes  prcpar'd  themfelvcs  for 
their  embaffy  (which  is  ufually  very  long 
and  tedious)  the  preparations  for  war 
went  on  the  more,  and  were  the  great- 
er, between  enemies  diftrufting  one  an- 
other. The  Confederates  rais'd  five  ar- 
mies :  The  firft  an  Imperial,  under  the 
Count  of  Montecuculiy  that  was  to  en- 
camp upon  the  Rhine  in  Alface  y  the 
fecond,  under  the  Duke. of  Lorrain,  w^- 
orxthc  Mof e lie ,  a  third,  under  the  Duke 
of  Brandenburghy  againft  the  Swedes  \ 
a  fourth,  of  the  Dutchy  of  Lunenburghy 
and  the  Bifhopricks  of  Ofnaburgh  and 
Minden  5  a  fifth  under  the  Prince  of 
Orangey  in  Flanders:  To  which  add 
the  King  of  'Denmark,  with  an  army  of 
above  fixtcen  thoufand,  that  were  to 
come  to  aid  the  Ele&or  of  Branden- 
burgh  againft  the  Swedes.     To  theie  the 

Moft 


Of  his  own  Time.  175 

Mod  Chriftian  King  made  equal  prepa- 
rations. But  at  the  very  beginning  of 
the  war,  the  French  affairs  receiv'd  two 
deadly  blows.  For  when  two  Generals 
equal  to  one  another,  Turenne  and 
Montecuciiliy  had  almoft  fpent  the  fum- 
mer  in  trying  to  get  convenient  filia- 
tions, after  innumerable  ftratagems  of 
war,  they  at  length  pitch'd  their  camps 
within  gun-fhot  of  each  other.  Turenne 
fortify 'd  his  camp,  that  the  enemy 
thinking  him  diffident  of  his  ftrength, 
might  be  tempted  to  come  on  more 
readily,  and  with  lefs  caution.  But 
when  he  had  built  two  bridges  over 
the  Rhine,  which  flow'd  between  their 
camps,  not  far  from  Strasfairgh,  and 
had  prepaid  every  thing  convenient  for 
a  battle,  fomc  pretended  deferters  told 
him  that  there  was  an  ambufh  laid  for 
him  not  far  from  the  bridge.  And  he 
prefently  went  with  thofe  who  made 
this  pretended  difcovery,  to  a  conve- 
nient height  of  ground  to  fee  about 
him.  In  the  mean  time  the  enemy  had 
hid  two  letter  field-pieces  laden  with 
4  bullets, 


tjC      Bp.  Parker's  History 

bullets,  in  a  thicket  not  far  diftant. 
Which  being  difcharg'd  while  he  was 
viewing,  gave  this  great  man  fuch  a 
wound  in  his  bread:  that  he  expir'd  that 
very  moment.  Thus  died  the  moft  fa- 
mous Commander  of  his  age,  both  for 
conduct  and  courage  5  not  above  fixty 
four  years  old,  when  for  more  than 
thirty  years  he  had  born  the  high  honour 
of  Great  Marefchal  of  France,  with  the 
higheft  character  and  glory  of  a  great 
Commander.  A  man  both  of  the 
greateft  skill  in  military  affairs,  and  of 
invincible  courage;  never  overcome  in 
a  battle,  and  never,  till  his  death,  out- 
done in  craft  or  ftratagem.  But  fo  it 
was,  that  the  fcholar  (for  when  he  was 
young,  he  ferv'd  under  Montecuculz,  and 
was  much  belov'd  by  him,  for  his  mili- 
tary accomplifhmcnts)  was  overcome  by 
his  mafter  in  that  art  which  he  had 
learn'd  of  him.  The  report  of  their 
General,  or  rather  their  Father  being 
(lain  (for  all  that  ferv'd  under  him  call'd 
him  Father)  being  fprcad  amongft  the 
foldicrs,  they  were  ftruck  at  once  with 

fuch 


Of  his  own  Tim  e.  177 

fuch  grief  and  anger,  that  they  could 
hardiy  be  rcftrain'd  by  the  authority  of 
their  officers  from  rufhin^  In  to  the  c- 
ncmy  with  cheeks  full  of  tears,  and 
hearts  full  of  revenge ;  for  there  was 
never  any  General  dearer  to  his  foldiers; 
for  whom  he  corrected  with  his  difci* 
plinc,  he  oblig'd  by  his  courtefy.  He  was 
fevere  if  there  was  occafton,  but  never 
pailionate  or  cruel  5  and,  as  far  as  be- 
came a  General,  he  was  plcafantly  fa- 
miliar with  his  foldicrs.  In  the  mean 
time  the  Genera's,  the  rage  of  their 
foldiers  fomewhat  abating,  thinking  that 
the  matter  would  turn  to  fear  and  con- 
ftcrnation,  prefently,  a  council  being 
Call'd,  reiblv'd  to  retire,  and  pafs  the 
Rhine  with  as  much  fpeed  as  they  could. 
Which  was  done  three  days  after,  by 
night,  the  Count  de  Large,  the  Marc- 
fchal's  nephew,  commanding  the  retreat, 
who  tho'  he  manag'd  it  with  excellent 
Conduct  and  courage,  yet  he  was  fo 
gauled  by  the  enemy  in  his  rear,  that 
he  hardly  brought  ofr  half  his  army  fafe. 
The  day  after  the  French  had  left  their 
N  camp, 


178      Br.  Parkers  History 

camp,  the  Germans  puriiung  them  brisk- 
ly, a  fierce  battle  was  fought.  They 
continued  fighting  from  before  noon, 
till  fun-let,  with  great  (laughter  on  both 
fides,  and  a  doubtful  battle.  Of  the 
French  above  fix  thoufand,  of  the  Ger- 
mans three  thoufand  were  loft.  But 
the  French  palling  the  Rhine  after  the 
battle,  they  came  wearied  and  glad  to 
their  quarters  in  Alface. 

Almoft  at  the  fame  moment  of  time 
another  melancholy  exprefs  is  brought 
from  lower  Germany ',  to  the  Mod  Chris- 
tian King,  of  a  vi&ory  obtain'd  by  the 
Duke  of  Lorrain  and  the  Confederates, 
over  Marefchal  Crequi:  For  when  the 
Confederates  had  long  befieg'd  the  city 
of  Triers,  Crequi  came  to  relieve  it. 
Lorrain  advancing  with  a  fudden  march 
from  the  oppofite  part  of  the  city,  came 
up  with  him  at  noon,  and  made  as  great 
a  (laughter  of  his  army  as  was  at 
Canrne  or  Thrafymene.  Mod  of  the 
horfe,  and  all  the  foot  were  (lain,  and 
their  artillery  and  baggage  taken  5  and 
Crequi,  with  about  fix  horfe,  fled  thro' 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  179 

the  midft  of  the  enemy,  with  wonder- 
ful flibtlety  and  courage,  to  Triers. 
Lorrain  having  overcome  Crequi,  whom 
that  great  old  man  hated  moft  of  all, 
as  bavins  been  driven  out  of  his  couiv 
try  by  him,  did  (as  I  may  lay)  defpife 
a  longer  continuance  in  life,  and  gladly 
breath' d  out  his  foul  full  of  juft  and 
generous  revenge  :  And  what  could  hap- 
pen more  pleafing  to  fuch  a  brave  Com- 
mander as  he  was,  than  thus  to  die  in 
the  midft  of  victory  ?  In  the  mean  time, 
Marcfchal  Crequi  came  opportunely  to 
the  bcfieg'd  city,  for  the  Count  "De 
Vignor,  the  Governour  of  the  city,  was 
kili'd  fome  days  before,  the  cannon  con- 
tinually thundring  againft  the  walls,  fe* 
vcral  breaches  were  made.  Nor  could 
Crequi,  being  conquer 'd,  hope  for  aid. 
And  moreover,  the  enemy's  attack  was 
much  more  violent  after  the  JU&taty 
than  before.  Yet  Crequiy  in  theie  def- 
perate  circumftances,  almoft  rebuilds  the 
town  \  planting  cannon  upon  the  walls, 
he  keeps  off  the  enemy,  wearies  them 
With  frequent  fallies,  and  often  beats 
N  2  them 


i8o      Bp.  Parker's  History 

them  off  the  ramparts,  and  forces  them 
back  into  their  camp.  He  repairs  the 
fhatter'd  walls  and  towers,  and  raills 
new  fortifications  within,  to  llrengthcn 
the  places  moft  in  danger.  Neither 
night  nor  day  did  he  ccafe  from  fight- 
ing and  working ;  fometimes  he  breaks 
in  upon  their  camp,  and  always  luc- 
ceeds  in  his  fallics.  At  length,  the  e- 
nemy  being  wearied  with  fo  many  bat- 
tles and  {laughters,  on  the  firft  of  Sep- 
tember made  a  general  affault  upon  the 
town.  An  attack  was  made  at  once  in 
four  places,  by  four  feveral  bodies ;  the 
befieg'd  were  beaten  off  the  wralls  by 
the  multitude  of  the  enemies.  The 
Confederates,  the  walls  being  taken, 
thinking  the  town  was  alfo  taken,  made 
an  affault  upon  feveral  places  where  the 
walls  had  been  batter'd  down,  but  were 
immediately  driven  out  with  great 
(laughter  of  their  men,  and  prcfently 
diflodg'd  from  the  walls.  Neverthelcfs, 
three  breaches  being  made  forty  foot 
wide,  all  but  Crequi  defpair'd  of  making 
a  farther  defence.    He  therefore  rcfufing, 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  181 

the  reft,  on  the  5  th  of  December,  fent 
deputies  to  treat  of  articles  for  furren- 
dring  the  city.  And  they  agreed  that 
they  fhould  have  liberty  to  go  under  a 
guard  to  Vetray,  the  next  French  Gam- 
fonj  and  an  oath  was  taken  that  they 
would  not  bear  arms  for  three  months? 
that  the  oliicers  fhould  go  out  arm'd  on 
horfeback,  but  that  the  reft  fhould  have 
only  their  fwords.  Crequi  alone  gave 
up  himfelf  as  a  prifoner  of  war  at  the 
enemy's  difcretion  5  with  which  grcat- 
nefs  of  mind,  he  not  only  rccovcr'd  the 
King's  favour,  but  had  more  of  it  than 
ever  j  lb  that  afterwards  the  chief  com- 
mand of  the  war  was  in  his  hands,  as 
formerly  it  had  been  in  Turenne.  But 
the  reft  that  furrendred  were  cafhier'd, 
and  their  leader  beheaded.  For  there  is 
no  law  of  war  more  facred  and  impor- 
tant, than  that  a  foldier  fhould  do  no- 
thing without  his  General's  command, 
and  much  lefs  againft  it  5  for  if  this 
law  were  taken  away,  military  discipline 
muft  utterly  ceafe.  Therefore  the  whole 
army  fhould  rather  have  fallen  with 
N  3  their 


tii      Bp.  Parker's  History 

their  General  in  the  ruins  of  the  town? 
:cd  him  in  delperation. 
16":        By    thefe   leveral   (laughters    in    one 
vear.  not  onlv  of  his  own  forces,  but 
ft*  the  Swedes  had  ill 
the  French  King  was 
Jin'd    to   peace.     The 
King,  be::.;   :   man  of  great  judgment 
foreiV     that  the  we. 
.     _:    ::  i  war,  if  it  fhouid  lie  longer 
upon  .  in  he  himfelf  deftr'd,  would 

over-bear  him;  therefore  the  war  was 
:  :crwarcs  carried  on,  not  Co  much  by 
ba::  :.   :      '__.  3iis  fortune. 

A$r    -  hi   the   following  fpring,   the 

city  of  Ccnde  was  fudden.y  befieg'd  by 
the  F-er.cb,    the   Moil    CI  n   King 

himfe.         i  Mug  the  fiege.    Within  nine 
days,    and  almoft  at   the  firft  attack,  it 
was  taken  and  plundered,  altho'  the  gar- 
rilbn    confifted    of    Seventeen   hundred 
For  the   King   hearing  that  the 
Prince  of  Orange  was  coming  with  his 
:ole  army,  with  all  poffibie  fpeed,  to 
.  town,    his  army  beir 
numerous,   made   violent  attacks  in  fe- 
ral 


Of  his  own  Time.  i8j 

vcral  places  at  once  ;  by  one  of  which 
part  of  the  wall  was  levell'd  and  broken 
down,  and  he  took  the  town  in  a  mo- 
ment,   and  made   all   the  beftegcd  pri- 
foners  of  war.     But  altho'  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  drawing  out  his  men  in  order 
of  battle,  often  challenged  him  to  fight; 
yet  being  taught  by  the  misfortunes  of 
the   former  year,    he  would  never    go 
out  of  his  camp  to  try  the  fortune  of 
war  ;    and   he  that  was   before  fo  very 
eager,    now  grown  more  wary,    could 
not  be  mov'd  by    any  indignities,    but 
chofe  rather  to  proceed  by  policy  than 
battle. 

Since  therefore  the  French  could  not 
be  drawn  to  a  battle,  the  Prince  of  O- 
range,  having  made  fcveral  marches  and 
counter-marches,  at  length  being  wearied 
with  moving  about,  fate  down  before 
Maejiricht  in  lower  Germany  5  and  at  the 
fame  time  the  Confederates  befieg'd 
Thilipsburgh  in  the  upper.  In  both 
fiegcs  there  was  the  utmoit  obftinacy 
on  either  fide,  and  confequcntly  a  vaft 
deftruction  of  men.  In  the  mean  time 
N  4  Marcfchal 


i§4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Marefchal  'De  Humiers  befieg'd  Aire,  a 
city  of  Artois,  and  attack'd  it  with  that 
rage  of  war,  that  even  beyond  his  hope, 
(tho'  he  was  a  General   very  brave   and 
fecure)   he  took   it  within  a  few  days. 
Still  at  the   head  of  affairs,  where  any 
thing  was  to  be  put  in  execution  5  with 
an   heroick  vigours    one  that  durft  en- 
counter any  dangers  5  of  great  prefence 
of   mind    in    any    extraordinary    emer- 
gency;   indefatigable,  and  a  very  great 
favourite  of  the  Duke  of  Tork,   for  his 
invincible  bravery  and  firmnefs  of  foul. 
Hence,  taking  the  ftrong  fort  of  Linch 
in  his  way,  he  advanced  towards  Mare- 
fchal Sckombcrg,   by  hafty  marches.     A 
man  equal,  and,  if  any  other  in  the  fame 
army,  was  fupcrior  to  him  in  courage, 
conduct,  difpatch,    and  greatnefs  of  ac- 
tion y  that  with  united  forces  they  might 
raife  the  iiege  of  Muefirkht ;    for  that 
had  been  attacked  and  defended  for  two 
months  and  a  half,  with  incompar 
rcfolution   and    valour.      The    beficged 
were  continually  fallying,    and  the   be- 
fiegcrs  as  conilantly  attacking  5  and  fre- 
quent 


Of   his   own  Time.  185 

qucnt  actions  happcn'd,  with  terrible 
daughter  on  both  fides :  Large  forts 
were  often  taken  by  the  enemy,  and 
the  enemy  again  beaten  out  of  them 
by  the  befieged.  But  at  length,  when 
whatever  the  rage  of  war  could  do  had 
been  done  on  both  fides,  and  the  be- 
fieg'd  had  now  nothing  to  hope  for  but 
from  fuccours,  the  fame  moment  the 
Marefchals  appcar'd  5  at  which  joyful 
fight,  as  the  befteg'd  conceiv'd  new  cou- 

-■,  fo  the  enemy,  their  ftrength  be- 
ing broken  in  a  long  fiegc,  calling  a 
council  of  war,  refolv'd  rather  to  raiie 
the  ficge,  than  try  the  fortune  of  a 
battle. 

Thus  matters  went  on  in  lower  Ger- 
many. In  the  mean  while,  in  the  up- 
per they  fought  (if  poflible)  with  greater 
rage  and  {laughter.  At  Thilipsburgh 
every  defperate  attempt  was  tried,  as  is 
uiual  in  a  long  fiegc.  The  Confede- 
rates at  firit  coming,  becaufe  it  was  not 
expected,  took  the  fort  that  is  between 
the  city  and  the  bridge  over  the  Rhine- 
Which  being  taken,    there  was  a  way 

open 


i%6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

open  for  fending  as  many  aids  as  they 
could  want,  to  their  army.  The  pof- 
feffion  of  this  city  was  vglu  d  fo  much 
on  both  fides,  that  they  immediately 
endeavour'd,  with  all  their  forces,  and 
with  the  utmoft  expedition,  to  ftipport 
the  beficgers  on  one  hand,  and  relieve 
the  befieged  on  the  other.  In  the 
mean  time,  the  befiegers  were  encamped 
fooncr  than  they  could  expect,  the  city 
was  furrounded  with  lines  of  circum- 
vallation,  batteries  were  rais'd,  eighty 
cannon  planted,  firing  on  both  fides 
without  intermiffion,  fallics  daily  made 
by  the  befieg'd,  the  fiege  daily  carried 
on  more  clofely,  and  the  ditch  being 
fill'd  up,  reach'd  almoft  to  the  walls. 
The  news  of  which  being  brought  to 
Ltixernburgh,  he  advanced  with  an  army 
of  more  than  forty  thoufand  men.  But 
the  Duke  of  Lorra'm  had  polled  the 
Imperial  Army  fo  conveniently  before 
the  city,  that  Luxembiirgh  defpairing  of 
relieving  it,  retir'd,  without  any  a&ion. 
In  the  mean  while,  the  befieg'd  loft 
not    their   Spirits,    continually   making 

fallies: 


Of  his   own  Time.  187 

Tallies  :  but  at  length  having  thrown 
up  breaft-works,  they  agreed  upon  a 
general  aflault.  When  the  Governour 
of  the  town,  whofe  name  was  Fay,  had 
declared  that  he  would  not  think  of 
furrendring  on  any  terms;  but  before 
the  aflault  began  they  gave  him  notice 
of  it.  He  call'd  a  council  of  war7  and 
when  almoft  all  their  powder  was  fpent, 
and  part  of  the  wall  was  fo  broken 
down,  that  it  could  not  any  longer  be 
maintain'^  and  if  it  could,  there  was 
not  garrifon  enough  to  defend  it,  there 
being  but  fix  hundred  foot  remaining, 
he  lent  to  treat  of  conditions  5  when  it 
was  agreed  that  the  city  fhould  be  fur- 
rendred  upon  thefe  honourable  terms : 
That  the  whole  garrifon,  unleis  they 
were  relieved  in  fix  days,  mould  march 
out  with  their  arms,  colours  flying,  bag- 
gage, found  of  trumpet,  beat  of  drum, 
fwords  dratvn,  and  with  all  their  mo- 
ney, whether  private  or  publick,  and 
go  to  the  town  Hagenau,  a  garrifon  at 
a  little  diftancc,  under  a  guard  of  both 
armies.       Such    honourable   conditions 

did 


i S8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

did  one  generous  enemy  grant  to  ano- 
ther 5  neither  could  better  have  been 
infifted  on,  or  confentcd  to,  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  fiege,  than  were  grant- 
ed when  the  farther  defence  of  the  city 
was  defpair'd  of.  And  thefe  conditions 
wTcre  pcrform'd  with  the  fame  courtefy 
and  civility,  as  they  were  granted.  For 
the  Moft  Illuftnous  Herman,  Prince  of 
Baden  (the  chief  Commander  in  the 
abfence  of  Lorrain)  came  to  meet  the 
Governour,  as  he  marched  out,  and 
leaping  from  his  horfe,  he  embrae'd 
him  with  the  greateft  cxpre (lions  of  re- 
fpect,  and  begg'd  the  honour  of  his 
friendfhip  for  the  future  5  as  a  pledge  of 
which  he  defir'd  him  to  accept  of  a 
fword  fet  with  diamonds.  The  Gover- 
nour anfwer'dj  that  he  durft  not  receive 
a  prefent  from  an  enemy,  unlefs  he  tirft 
had  his  Mailer's  leave.  Then  the  Prince 
defir'd  the  Governour  to  give  him  his 
fword.  And  the  Governour  made  an- 
fwer,  that  he  could  not  refufe  any  thing 
to  his  Conqueror,  and  gave  him  his 
(word.     "  Now  (fays  the  Prince)  altho* 

"  you 


Of    his  own  Time,  185? 

ci  you   arc    unwilling    to    receive    gifts 
cc  from  an  enemy  without  the  leave  of 
"  your    King,    yet   without   doubt    his 
*f  Majelty,    as  he  is  a  Prince  of   great 
"  magnanimity,  will  not  take  it  am'ns 
"  that  friends  ihould  exchange  the  mu- 
"  tual  tokens  and  tells  of  their  regard 
"  to  one  another  5"  and  fo  he  delivered 
his  fword  (luck  with  diamonds  into  his 
hand;  which  being  reccivd,  he  difmifs'd 
him  with  great   civility.      Nor   did  the 
King  receive  this  brave  man  with  lefs 
favour;    for  as  a  reward  of  his  gallant 
behaviour,  he  loon  after  conferr'd  upon 
him  the  government  of  Brifack,  another 
town  in  Alfacey  with  a  very  great  an- 
nual (Upend.       Thefc    were    the  tranf- 
aclions  of  this  year,  between  the  French 
and  the  Confederates.     Nor  were  fewer 
lives  loft  in  the  fiegcs  of  this  year,  than 
in  the  battles  of  the  laft.     Eut  yet  death 
is  not  fatisfy'd  with  the  facrinccs  of  fo 
many  great  men,  for  at  the  lame  time 
that  all  were  treating  of  peace,  all  were 
the  more  intent   and  ea^er  upon  their 
preparations  for  war, 

4  In 


iS*o      Bp.  Parkers  History 

i  677.  In  the  beginning  of  the  next  year, 
before  it  was  yet  the  feafon  for  tak- 
ing the  field,  the  Moft  Chriftian  King,  ac- 
cording to  his  ufual  expedition,  fate 
down  before  Valenciennes \  a  city  in 
Hainault,  and  a  very  flrong  one,  with 
a  great  army,  on  the  10th  day  of  March ; 
the  fame  night  they  open  d  their  trenches, 
and  the  wrorks  were  finifh'd  before  the 
fifth  day ;  and  the  day  following,  he 
order'd  a  general  ftorm,  dividing  his  ar- 
my into  four  bodies,  which,  the  fignal 
given,  on  every  part  they  fealed  the 
walls  immediately.  This  was  done  with 
fuch  fury,  that  almoft  at  the  firft  fhout 
they  diflodg'd  the  befieg'd  from  the  out- 
ward fortifications,  and  follow'd  them 
with  fuch  heat  to  the  inward  works, 
that  they  gave  them  no  power  to  re- 
cover themfelves:  Being  driven  from 
the  fortifications,  they  retir'd  to  the  ci- 
ty $  the  French  pouring  in  amongft  the 
crowd,  at  once  feized  the  gate  and  the 
walls,  and  turning  their  cannon  upon 
the  city,  the  befieg'd  were  fo  terrify 'd 
that    foon  throwing   down  their  arms, 

they 


Of  his  own  Time,  is>i 

they  entirely  fubmitted  themfclves  to 
the  discretion  of  the  Conqueror.  The 
King  put  a  flop  to  the  rage  of  his  men 
by  his  own  command,  and  fav'd  the  ci- 
ty from  being  plunderd.  Thus  was 
this  city  redue'd,  without  any  other 
change  in  the  condition  of  it,  but  that 
of  its  Matter.  Prom  hence  he  imme- 
diately march'd  with  his  whole  army 
to  Cambray,  a  city  of  the  fame  Province; 
before  which  he  came  on  the  2  2d  of 
the  fame  month  5  and  having  made  all 
preparations  for  a  ficge,  he  made  fo  vi- 
gorous an  attack,  that  the  town  being 
taken  on  the  firft  of  April*  the  enemy 
rctir'd  into  the  cattle,  which,  altho*  it 
was  very  ftrong,  he  took  before  the  20th 
day,  granting  the  enemy  moft  honour- 
able conditions. 

At  the  lame  time  he  befieg'd  St.  Omers, 
a  city  of  Artois,  by  his  illuftrious  bro- 
ther the  Duke  of  Orleans.  But  the  Prince 
of  Orange,  highly  provok'd  by  fo  many 
conquefts  obtain'd  by  the  enemy,  came 
yith  all  fpeed  to  relieve  his  Allies.  The 
trench  expected  him  5  and  as  foon  as 
1  he 


i?z      Bp.  Parkeh's  History 

he  came,  a  dreadful  battle  began  :  Front 
ten  of  the  clock  in  the  morning,  to 
fun-fctting,  they  fought  with  great  fury 
and  carnage  on  both  fides;  at  lcaft  fix- 
teen  thoufand  were  kiil'd,  when  the 
Prince,  becaufe  his  foldiers,  being  wea- 
ried with  the  length  of  their  march, 
could  not  endure  any  more  fatigue* 
founded  a  retreat.  But  now  all  accefs 
for  fuccours  to  come  being  intercepted, 
the  beficged  wrere  more  furioufly  attack'd 
than  before;  and  two  days  after  that 
the  caftle  of  Cambray  was  taken  by  the 
King,  the  city  of  St.  Omers  furrendrcd 
upon  the  fame  conditions.  Both  armies 
being  wearied  with  thefe  frequent  bat- 
tics  and  ficges,  retreat  to  their  quarters, 
and  being  rcfrefh'd  they  renew  the  cam- 
paign. Firft  of  all,  the  Prince  of  Orange 
clofely  befieg'd,  with  all  his  forces, 
Charleroy,  a  fortrefs  in  Flanders,  in  the 
beginning  of  the  month  of  Augiift  :  But 
the  Duke  of  Luxemburgh  immediately 
approaching  with  an  army  of  above  for- 
ty thoufand,  before  the  Prince's  artillery 
arrived,  the  ficge  was  rais'd,  by  the  ad- 
vice 


Of  his  own  Time.  155 

rice  of  the  council  of  war,  though  the 
Prince  was  very  unwilling,  and  wou'd 
not  confent  to  it  for  fix  hours. 

Almofl  at  the  end  of  the  year,  about 
the  beginning  of  November,  Marefchal 
*De  Humiers  befieg'd  St.  Guijlain,  a  town 
of  Hainault,  in  lower  Germany,  with  a 
bravery  fuitable  to  his  nation  and  perfon  5 
he  took  it  on  the  1  Ith  day,  by  furrender. 
Thus  all  the  wars  of  this  year  were  at  an 
end,  and  all  to  the  advantage  of  the  French  0 

And  tfieir  fucceis  was  as  great  the  next 
year  5  for  the  French,  as  ufual,  were  1677I 
skimming  the  fields  like  io  many  fwal- 
lows  in  the  beginning  of  the  fpring 5 
for  Marefchal  "De  Humiers,  the  King 
with  him,  on  the  7th  of  March,  laid 
fiege  to  Ghent,  a  city  of  Flanders,  and 
in  four  days  he  took  the  town,  and 
three  days  after  the  caftle.  On  which 
day  the  Marefchal  *De  Lorge  befiegd 
Jpres,  a  city  thirteen  leagues  diftant 
from  Ghent,  to  the  Weft.  And  altho* 
it  was  relblutely  defended,  yet  it  was 
taken  by  capitulation,  on  the  16th  of 
the  fame  month.  On  the  2d  of  May, 
O  th£ 


1^4      Br.  Parker's  History 

the  Govcrnour  of  Maeftricht,  with  four 
hundred  horfc,  and  five  hundred  foot? 
commanded  by  Mellac,  took  the  caftle 
and  town  of  Leerjv,  the  key  of  Bra- 
bant,  by  furprize.  On  the  firft  of  June 
there  was  a  truce  between  France  and 
Holland  agreed  to  for  fix  weeks.  But 
in  the  mean  time,  the  war  went  on 
with  the  German  and  Spaniard.  So  the 
Duke  of  Noailles,  General  of  the  French 
army  in  Catalonia,  againft  the  Spaniard, 
befieg'd  the  city  Tuyfard?  which  Guf- 
man  the  Governour  of  the  city  defend- 
ed with  a  true  Roman  refoiution  j  nor 
would  he  liften  to  any  conditions  of 
furrender,  till  he  was  informed  by  an 
officer  whom  he  fent  out  to  get  intcL 
jigencc,  by  the  permiffion  of  the  ene- 
my, that  the  forces  fent  to  relieve  him 
were  retired :  And  then,  defpairing  of 
fuccour,  he  furrendred  upon  honourable 
conditions  on  the  laft  of  May. 

But  the  iicrceit  battle  of  this  year  was 
in  upper  Germany ',  between  thole  ex- 
cellent Commanders,  Crequi  and  Sta- 
■rembercrh :   For  the  French  and  German 

army 


Or  his  own  Time.  155 

airmy  having  lain  encamp'd  a  long  time 
within  a  few  miles  diftance  of  each  o- 
thcr,  Starembergh)  the  Marcellus  of  this 
age,  brooking  no  delay,  the  Emperor's 
leave  cbtain'd,  advane'd  nearer,  with 
fix  thoufand  men,  being  permitted  to 
fight  at  his  difcretion.  He  was  a  mart 
of  great  activity,  and  inured  to  war* 
and  could  not  command  himfelf,  but 
muft  dare  the  enemy,  tho'  with  a  little 
army.  Creqni  firft  fent  out  an  equal 
number  of  his  men,  and  then  advanced 
with  the  whole  army  towards  them, 
when  that  detachment  was  too  weak 
to  fuftain  the  fhock  of  the  enemy* 
Staremberg  made  a  ftand  for  fome  hours, 
but  at  length,  being  over-power'd  by 
numbers,  retir'd  to  his  camp.  And  as 
the  warmed  part  of  the  a&ion.  had  hap- 
pen'd  at  the  bridge  of  Rhenfield,  in 
which  town  Starembergh  had  his  quar- 
ters; on  the  one  hand,  to  prevent  the 
enemy's  breaking  into  the  town,  and 
on  the  other,  that  the  enemy  pailing 
the  bridge  might  plunder  the  places 
there  was  a  great  (laughter  on  both  fides, 

O  %  many 


tpC      Bp.   Parker's  History 

many  were  (lain,  and  more  drown'dv 
After  an  hour  and  a  half,  the  Germans 
were  driven  into  the  town,  and  the 
enemy  cnter'd  it  at  the  fame  time,  but 
were  fo  warmly  received,  that  they  were 
foon  oblig'd  to  retreat  over  the  bridge. 
Which  being  broken  down  by  the  Ger- 
mans, the  battle  was  ended  with  equal 
lofs  of  men,  tho'  not  with  the  fame 
heat  and  gallantry  of  a&iom  A  battle 
certainly  fuitable  to*  the  greatnefs  of 
Starembergh,  a  man  born  for  the  pre- 
fervation  of  Chrifiendom :  For  had  it 
not  pleafed  Providence  to  fend  Sta- 
rembergh  into  the  world  fa  opportunely 
in  our  age,  it  is  to  be  fear'd  that  a 
great  part  of  the  Chriftian  world  muft 
have  fubmitted  to  the  Turkifi  yoke  : 
For  had  the  city  of  Vienna  been  taken 
in  1683,  before  the  Confederate  armies 
had  joined  one  another  (and  no  body 
but  Starembergh  could  have  defended 
that  city  fo  long)  there  had  been  an  o~ 
pen  and  cafy  entrance  to  have  come  in- 
to all  the  Provinces  of  Germany.  But 
when  I  recollect  with  my  felf  his  daily 

fatigues. 


Of  his  own  Time."  197 

fatigues,  through  the  whole  courfe  of 
that  ficge,  I  think  my  felf  rather  amazed 
at  a  prodigy,  than  refle&ing  upon  a  fad, 
and  qucftion  whether  it  is  a  reality  or  a 
dream.  But  thus  it  happens  in  every 
age,  that  God  fends  foine  extraordinary 
men  into  the  world,  to  fhine  with  a 
diftinguifhing  glory.  Thus  Star 'emberghy 
altho'  otherwife  a  man  great  in  hinv 
felf,  and  eminent  for  his  great  aftions, 
yet  unlcfs  heaven  had  defign'd  him  for 
that  poft,  very  few  of  his  friends  had 
efcaped  with  life.  But  now  a  bright 
immortality  attends  his  character;  and 
may  he  long  furvivc  to  enjoy  the  re* 
mcmbran£e  of  fuch  glorious  actions; 
and  may  it  pleafe  him  to  accept  this 
fmall  teftimony  of  gratitude  for  his  ref- 
cuing  the  Chriftian  world. 

Thus  went  affairs  between  the  French 
and  the  Germansy  when  in  the  mean 
time  all  things  feem'd  to  look  towards 
peace,  between  the  cDtitch  and  the  French. 
For  the  King  of  Great  Britain^  in  1674, 
on  J une  the  3  d,  all  Europe  being  now  in 
#  flame,   having  offer'd  his  good  offices 

O  5  and 


12 8      Bp.  Parkers  History 

and  mcdiatorfhip  for  a  general  peace, 
his  offer  was  by  common  confent  ac- 
cepted, tho'  neither  party  feem'd  much 
inclin'd  to  mcafures  of  peace.  Hence 
time  was  fpun  out  in  delays  as  much  as 
poffible :  They  difputed  firft  about  the 
place  of  treaty,  and  after  a  year  fpent 
upon  that  point,  they  rcfolv'd  at  laft 
upon  Nimeguen  in  Gelderland.  Two 
years  more  were  taken  up  by  way  of 
preparation,  as  alfo  in  the  bufinefs  of 
fettling  preliminaries,  letters  of  fafe 
conduct,  titles  of  Embaffadors,  the  ce- 
remonies of  the  Congrefs,  and  the  like. 
And  they  did  not  begin  to  treat  of 
peace  in  earnefr,  till  the  15th  of  March, 
1 677,  when  the  French  King,  who  had 
hitherto  protra&cd  affairs  as  long  as  he 
could  (as  he  was  indeed  a  man  no  lefs 
dexterous  and  expert  in  the  managing 
of  treaties,  than  pufhing  a  war,  two 
great  qualifications  and  accomplishments 
of  a  King  and  a  Soldier)  began  to  treat 
ieparatcly  with  the  'Dutch.  And  a- 
mongft  other  terms  of  peace  which  he 
propos'd  to  them,  he  ftipulated  to  deli- 
ver 


Of  his  own   Time.  i?2 

ver  up  to  them,  as  a  token  of  his  friend- 
fhip,  the  town  of  Maeftricht,  with  all 
its  rights  and  dependencies.  But  in  the 
mean  time  (till  he  goes  on  befieging. 

The  King  of  England,  when  he  faw 
that  he  and  his  mediatorfhip  were  thus 
trifled  with,  and  that  the  Provinces  of 
Flanders  next  to  his  own  dominions 
would  foon  fall  into  the  hands  of  France , 
at  the  preffing  inftanccs  of  the  Parlia- 
ment (with  what  fincerity  mail  be  faid 
hereafter,  in  its  proper  place)  entered  in- 
to an  alliance  with  the  'Dutch)  in  the 
beginning  of  the  following  year. 

When  the  King  of  France  was  in- 
formed of  this,  he  immediately,  on  the 
15th  of  the  next  month,  of  his  own  ac- 
cord, fent  his  terms  to  the  Congrefs, 
upon  which,  and  no  other,  he  declar'd 
he  would  come  to  an  agreement.  Firft 
of  all,  he  demands  the  fame  conditions 
for  his  Allies  as  for  himfelf  5  for  the 
Swede  and  the  Duke  of  Holftein  Gottorpy 
that  all  the  places  taken  in  the  war  mould 
be  reftor'd  to  them  ;  for  the  Bifhop  of 
Strasburghy  the  rights  of  his  Bifhoprick ; 
O  4  for 


too      Bp.  Parker's  History 

for  his  brother,  the  Prince  of  Furftcm- 
bergh,  his  liberty  5  and  laftly,  that  cer- 
tain places  being  reftor'd  to  the  King  of 
Spain,  all  the  Province  of  Burgundy ',  Va- 
lenciennes, Conde,  Cambray,  St.  Omersy 
Ipres,  Aire,  and  other  letter  towns, 
fhould  be  his ;  and  this  compad  was  to 
ftand,  if  it  was  made  before  the  io*h  of 
May ;  otherwife  to  be  void  and  null. 

But  when  thefe  high  demands  of  his 
were  made  to  no  purpofe  (for  even  the 
Miniftcrs  Mediators  would  not  fo  much 
as  propofe  them  to  the  Allies)  and  great 
preparations  were  made  in  England  and 
Holland Tor  war,  both  by  land  and  fea,  the 
Mod  Chriftian  King,  by  letters  fent  from 
his  camp  ncanT)  einfe,  dated  May  the  1 8th, 
tried  the  'Dutch  to  bring  them  to  a  fe- 
parate  peace;  for  by  feveral  things  he 
perceived  that  they  were  more  inclin'd 
to  peace  than  the  reft,  not  only  by  the 
complaints  which  they  had  made  fo 
plentifully  a  little  before,  to  Spain  and 
England,  that  they  were  not  able  to 
fupport  a  longer  wan  but  alfo  by  Be- 
verning  their  EmbarTador,  who  ^iad  pri- 
vily 


Of  his  own  Time.  ioi 

vily  told  the  French  Minifters,  that  the 
States  General  would  accept  the  terms 
of  peace  offer'd,  provided  they  fhould 
be  in  no  danger  from  the  conqueft  of 
Flanders  y  if  the  Spaniard  fhould  (land 
out. 

He  promifes  them,  that  if  they  would 
ftand  neuter,  he  will  receive  them  into 
his  former  friendfhip,    and   whatfoever 
might  happen,   he  would  give  over  all 
war    in    the  United  Provinces.     They 
humbly  giving  thanks   by  letters,    em- 
brace the  King  s  mercy,  fending  alfo  Be- 
weming  to  ask  the  King's  farther  kind- 
nefs.     The  King  anfwered,  him  that  he 
was  glad  that  they  had  difcovered  fuch 
a  good  difpofition  for  peace  •,  by  which 
as  they  would  be  great  benefactors  to 
the'  Chriftian  world,  fo  they  gave  him 
the  higheft    pleafure:    That  there   was 
nothing  more  at  heart  with  him,  than 
the  fparing  Chriftian  blood  5  that  there- 
fore it  was  matter  of  the  greateft  joy  to 
him,   to  find  them  as  pioufly  inclined : 
That  he  would  agree  to  a  truce  of  fix 
weeks,    in  which  time  they  might  try 

to 


202      Bv.  Parker's  History 

to  bring  their  Allies  into  the  fame 
meafures.  But  if  they  fliould  be  averfe 
to  reftoring  the  peace  of  Europe,  he 
ftipulatcd  with  the  'Dutch,  that  they 
fhould  no  longer  profecute  the  war. 
The  States  declar'd  to  their  Allies  what 
they  themfelves  would  do  5  and  that 
unlefs  they  would  come  into  the  fame 
conditions  of  peace,  they  would  treat 
feparately  for  themfelves.  And  each  of 
the  Confederates,  in  their  Memorials 
prefented  on  the  10th  of  June,  upbraid- 
ed them  with  their  treachery,  in  this 
matter.  Firft  of  all,  his  Imperial  Ma- 
jefty's  Embaffadors  cxpoftulated  :  And 
the  fame  was  done  with  bitternefs  enough 
by  the  other  Minifters  of  the  Confede- 
rates. But  the  States  pcrfifled,  for  that 
their  affairs  would  admit  of  no  delay, 
with  regard  to  peace ;  and  therefore  all 
parties  in  confederacy  muft  agree  out 
of  hand,  or  clfe  the  States  mull  make 
a  bargain  for  themfelves.  On  the  20th 
day  of  the  fame  month,  there  was  an- 
other conference,  in  which  the  Confe- 
derates complaind  more  than  ever:   But 

the 


Of  his  own  TimeJ         203 

the  Embaflador  of  the  Duke  of  Lorrain 
the  moft  of  all  5  who  by  his  Matter's 
command,  and  in  his  name,  refused, 
with  the  greateft  indignation,  to  treat 
at  all,  upon  fuch  wretched  conditions 
as  were  ofFcr'd  to  his  Serene  Highncfsi 
and  at  the  fame  time,  he  adjured  the 
Allies  that  jufticc  ttiould  be  done  his 
Matter  by  all  the  ties  of  religion  and 
faith.  "  But  if  (fays  he)  there  be  no 
"  faith  in  man,  (and  there  can  be  none, 
"  if  after  fo  many  alliances  and  agrcc- 
"  ments  he  be  defcrtcd  by  his  Allies)  a 
u  free  banifhment  appears  more  eligible 
"  to  his  Serene  Highnefs,  than  a  fervile 
"  dominion. "  But  the  States  being  not 
at  all  affefted  either  with  the  reproaches 
or  hardfhips  of  their  Allies,  two  days 
after  commanded  their  Minifters  to  fign 
the  peace.  Which  being  now  conclud- 
ed between  the  "Dutch  and  the  French, 
(as  they  thought  fit  themfelves)  (o  the 
pofturc  of  affairs  being  broke  in  Eng- 
land >  the  Parliament  importuning  the 
King  to  disband  the  army,  on  a  fud~ 
den,  when  they  came  to  fign,  the  French. 
1  King 


2C4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

King  being  ask'd  at  what  time  he  would 
quit  the  places  taken  from  the  Spaniard? 
he  anfwer'd,  "  Not  before  the  Province 
fC  of  Tomerania,  and  ail  the  places  ta- 
<c  ken  from  the  Swedes  were  reftor'd  to 
lc  them. 

By  this  new  and  unexpected  demand, 
all  affairs  were  again  confounded  5  the 
Confederates  were  in  pain  about  the 
disbanding  of  the  Englijh  army ;  for  if 
that  fhould  go  on,  the  (late  of  things  in 
Flanders  would  be  defperate :  But  if 
not,  it  would  ftiil  be  in  their  power  to 
infilt  upon  their  demands.  The  army 
happening  not  to  be  disbanded,  throJ 
the  conftancy  of  the  King,  and  contra- 
ry to  the  hopes  of  France,  the  Confe- 
derates took  heart  again,  and  even  the 
States  threw  thcmfelves  into  the  bofom 
of  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  as  for 
protection  and  fanduary  5  and  cancelling 
all  agreement  with  the  French,  they  cn„ 
trcd  into  a  new  alliance  with  England, 
That  unlefs  the  King  of  France  would 
accept  the  conditions  of  peace  offer'd 
fo  him,  before  the  1  ilh  of  Auguft,  and 

deliver; 


Of   his  own  Ti^e.  205 

deliver  up  all  the  places  taken  by  him, 
they  would  on  that  very  day  declare  a 
confederate  war  againft  him,  and  not 
give  over,  till  by  the  power  of  their 
arms  they  had  compelled  him  to  agree 
to  a  fair  and  honourable  peace. 

France  demurs,  and  contrives  reafons 
for  delay,  and  pretends  to  offer  I  know 
not  what  expedients  to  gain  time  5  but 
when  he  faw  that  he  could  avail  no- 
thing, he  permitted  the  Swedijh  Embaf- 
fadors  to  entreat  him  to  prefer  the  peace 
of  Europe  before  the  particular  intcreft 
of  their  Nation.  Not  that  they  were 
ignorant  what  was  for  their  intereft ; 
but  becaufe  they  knew  that  the  Dutch 
breaking  off  from  the  Confederacy,  and 
the  Englifh  being  deferted  by  them,  the 
French  King  could  afterwards  impofe 
what  conditions  he  pleas'd  upon  the  reft 
of  the  Confederates.  And  this  they 
found  to  be  true,  when  he  commanded 
that  all  the  places  that  were  taken  by 
the  'Dane,  and  the  Elector  of  Branden- 
burgh,  fhould  be  rcftor'd  to  the  Swede* 
Thus  at  length,  on  the  11th  day  late  at 

nighr, 


106      Bp.  Parker's  History 

night,  a  fecond  feparate  peace  was  fign'd 
between  the  French  and  the  T)iitch. 
The  Confederates  were  ftrangely  fur- 
priz'd,  and  the  whole  fcene  was  turn'd 
into  indignation.  All  rcmonftratcd  vehe^ 
mently,  cfpccially  the  English  Mediators, 
who  not  only  rcfufed  to  fign,  but  or- 
der'd  their  names  to  be  flruck  out  of 
the  inftrument,  for  that  they  were  lent 
by  their  King  to  the  Congrefs,  to  pro- 
cure a  general  peace  for  Europe,  not  a 
particular  one  for  the  Thatch.  And  foon 
after,  on  the  25th  of  the  fame  month,- 
Laurence  Hyde j  the  Embaflador  Extraor- 
dinary, and  Plenipotentiary,  was  fent 
to  the  Hague,  to  complain  to  the  States 
General,  That  whereas  they  had  now 
twice  implor'd  affiftance  from  his  King, 
when  they  had  engaged  their  faith,  that 
they  would  not  accept  of  any  peace, 
but  what  he  fhould  think  was  juft  i 
when  the  King  had  declar'd  that  he 
would  ratify  no  peace,  imlefs  the  fame 
v/as  alfo  made  with  the  Spaniards  they 
had  privily,  and  by  Health,  at  midnight, 
broken  their  faith  to  him  and  all  their 

Confe- 


Of  his  own  Time.  207 

Confederates  5  nor  had  they  infifted  up- 
on any  fccurity  for  the  reftoring  the 
places  to  the  Spaniard?  and  they  had  fa- 
vour'd  the  French  King  with  new  terms, 
by  giving  him  Beaumont.  That  by  thefe 
things  the  conditions  of  the  league  laft 
made  with  England  were  bafely  broken, 
by  which  both  of  them  were  oblig'd  to 
declare  and  carry  on  a  war  againft  the 
French.  And  if  they  refus'd,  he  would 
immediately  proclaim  it  himfelf;  and 
fo  he  tranfported  forces  to  Handers> 
with  all  poflible  expedition.  To  all 
this,  the  'Dutch  replied,  That  they  gave 
the  King  thanks  for  his  great  kindneffes 
to  them,  that  they  would  take  upon 
them  the  peace  between  the  French  and 
Spaniard,  and  would  infill  upon  what 
terms  he  mould  like.  And  if  the  French 
King  mould  refufe  them,  it  would  be 
afterwards  in  their  power  to  keep  up 
the  alliance  with  Great  Britain,  againft 
him  ;  and  they  would  on  the  very  day 
appointed  for  peace,  proclaim  war  a- 
gainft  him. 

Thus 


io8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Thus  this  whole  affair,  that  was  con- 
certed  and  confirmed  by  fo  many  foj 
lemn  leagues  and  obligations,  was  turn  d 
into  mockery :  Since,  the  'Dutch  having 
made  their  peace,  the  Spaniard,  who  at 
that  time  was  not  in  a  condition  to 
purfue  the  war,  could  refufe  no  terms  j 
nor  indeed,  as  the  cafe  flood,  did  he  fo 
properly  treat  for  himfelf,  as  receive 
thofe  conditions  which  the  'Dutch  im- 
pos'd  upon  him.  So  that  it  was  not  fo 
much  a  treaty  of  peace,  as  a  total  fur- 
render. 

Thus  the  league  was  made  (fuch  as 
it  was)  by  means  of  the  Dutch  (for  the 
Englifo  Mediators  had  renoune'd  that 
office)  on  the  17th  of  September. 

And  fo,  at  laft,  a  feparation  of  the 
Allies  being  begun,  the  Confederates 
fell  off,  one  after  another,  for  the  de- 
fence of  their  country,  and  accepted  of 
the  bed  terms  that  they  could  get. 

But   it  happened   very  unfortunately, 

that  on  the  very  day  that  the  articles  of 

peace  between  the  French   and  Dutch 

were  fign'd  and  exchang'd,   the  fharpeft 

1  battle 


Op  his  own  Time.  iop 

battle  of  all  was  fought  by  them,    not 
knowing  that  the  peace  wTas  confirm'd. 
The  Duke  of  Luxemburgh  had   a  long 
time    clofely  befieg'd   the  city  of  Mons 
in  Hainault.     And  the  befieg'd  fending 
a  meffage  to  the  Prince  of  Orange,  told 
him,    that  they  were  fo  ftraitned,    that 
unlefs  he  could  come  to  their  aid  im- 
mediately,    they    muft  furrender    upon 
very  bad  terms.     The  Prince  making 
no  delay,  was  there  in  a  moment  5  and 
when   he   had    pitch'd   his    camp   in  a 
place  convenient,  and  ftrong  by  nature, 
he  with  fudden  force  attack'd  the  ene- 
my, being  fecure  and   thoughtlefs  of  a 
battle.     The  fi^ht    be^an   a  little  after 
noon,    and   was  not  ended  till   night  $ 
and  never  was  battle  fiercer,  every  one 
cither  killed  his   man  that  encountred, 
or  loft  his   own   life  under  his  hands  5 
and  all  thofe  that  fell,    died  upon  the 
fpot.      Above   twelve    thoufand    were 
kill'd,   without    either  flight,    or  djfad- 
vantage  of  the  battle  on  either  fide. 

But  the  far  greateft  (laughter  was  in 

that  wing  of  the  army  in  which  the 

P  Britons 


no      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Britons  flood :  For  the  Earl  of  OJfory, 
the  eldcft  foil  of  the  Moft  Illuftrious 
Duke  of  Ormond,  moft  like  his  father 
in  military  greatnefs,  as  well  as  in  other 
things,  commanded  a  body  of  fix  thou- 
iand  Englijh  and  Scotch,  divided  into 
fix  regiments.  He  chofe  that  poft  to 
fight  in  where  indeed  there  was  moft 
danger  from  the  enemy,  by  reafon  of 
the  difficulty  of  the  attack  :  And  he 
atrack'd  them  with  ftich  warmth,  that 
altho*  they  refifted  with  equal  refolution, 
yet  he  did  at  length,  ftep  by  ftep,  force 
them  from  their  ground,  tho'  fortified 
by  its  natural  fituation.  He  moved  at 
the  head  of  his  men,  as  an  example  to 
them,  he  firft  attack'd  the  enemy,  and 
was  one  of  the  firft  in  mounting  their 
works:  If  his  men  were  in  the  leaft 
diforder,  he  fpurred  up  to  them,  and 
rallied  them  again,  and  brought  them 
on,  by  his  own  example.  And  as  he 
fought  againft  the  choiceft  troops  of 
the  French  army,  againft  the  very  guards 
of  the  King's  body,  againft  the  King's 
and   the  Dauphin's    own    troops,    and 

even 


Op  his   own  Time.  hi 

even  againft  the  mod  famous  troop  of 
all,  the  royal  Marines,  it  could  not  be 
but  they  engaged  with  great  {laughter 
on  both  fides.  Moft  of  the  ibldiers 
were  kill'd,  few  officers  efcap'd  $  of  our 
fide  thirty  were  kill'd,  and  an  equal 
number  wounded.  But  how  many  of 
the  enemy,  they  would  never  own, 
though  they  confefs'd  that  there  was  a 
very  great  {laughter.  This  brave  com- 
mander cntred  every  battle  with  fuch 
firmnefs  of  mind,  as  if  he  would  ne- 
ver come  off  alive,  if  he  were  not 
Conqueror.  Nor  was  he  more  ambi- 
tious of  victory  than  danger :  Where- 
foever  there  was  moft  occafion  for  cou- 
rage, he  challeng'd  that  as  his  poll:.  In 
every  a&ion  he  would  have  always  the 
firft  and  greateft  {hare;  and  moreover, 
no  Ids  a  celebrated  Admiral  than  Ge- 
neral. In  the  firft  war  againft  the 
'Dutch,  he  fought  as  a  voluntier  in  e- 
very  battle,  and  behav'd  himfelf  fo  gal- 
lantly, that  the  King  foon  gave  orders 
that  he  fhould  be  a  flag  officer.  In  eve- 
ry engagement,  he  was  always  the  greateft 
P  2  terror 


212      13p.  Parker's  History 

terror  to  the  enemy.  For  when  he 
made  an  attack,  immediately  rufhing  in- 
to their  main  body>  he  broke  their  ranks, 
and  fought  lb  dole,  that  he  confound- 
ed them  at  the  very  firft  onfet,  and  put 
them  to  flight.  Whatever  (hip  he  fought 
with  (and  if  it  was  in  his  power,  he 
chofe  to  attack  an  Admiral)  he  either 
took  or  funk.  He  was  always  the  firft 
that  return  d  into  harbour  with  his  fhip 
fhattcr'd,  and  himfclf  a  Conqueror  ; 
with  wrhich  greatnefs  of  foul  he  made 
himfelf  mafter  of  his  friends,  as  well  as 
his  enemies  ;  he  was  the  idol  of  all  the 
forces  he  commanded  ;  the  fea-men 
ador'd  him,  as  if  he  had  been  a  god  of 
their  clement ;  for  his  gencrofity  was 
as  great  as  his  courage :  He  diftributed 
among  them  great  fums  of  his  own 
money  :  If  any  one  had  diftinguiuYd 
himfclf  by  a  gallant  a&ion,  he  reward- 
ed him  according  to  his  merit  out  of 
his  own  purilv  He  was  alfo  popular 
for  his  hofpitality,  keeping  a  fplendid 
table  at  his  own  expence,  which  was 
open  to  every  one.     He  was  dearer  to 

man- 


Of  his  own  Time.  213 

mankind  for  his  humanity,  than  even 
Titus  himfclf.  He  convers'd  with  his 
foldiers  with  an  eafy  behaviour,  as  if 
they  had  been  his  companions.  He  was 
familiar,  mild,  and  courteous  to  every 
one ;  a  true  friend  to  merit,  not  touch'd 
with  any  tinclure  of  pride,  which  is 
fometimes  a  failing  in  Nobility.  Being 
adorn-d  with  thefe  virtues,  never  was 
any  General  dearer  to  his  foldiers,  ne- 
ver did  foldiers  behave  fo  well  under 
any  Commander  as  under  him.  For  fo  it 
is,  that  the  flate  of  war  depends  in  a 
great  meafure  upon  the  example  of  the 
General;  when  he  dares  to  attempt  a- 
ny  thing,  they  are  afharrid  to  be  afraid 
of  it.  Yet  this  great  man,  that  efcap'd 
fo  many  dangers,  was  fuddenly  taken 
from  us  in  the  flower  of  his  age.,  by  a 
malignant  fever,  to  the  great  grief  of 
his  country,  but  to  its  much  greater 
lofs. 

Thus  this  almoft  ten  years  war  was 
clofed  with  this  bloody  battle ;  and  the 
peace  was  feal'd  with  the  blood  of  fo 
many  thoufands  5  as  if  Mars  had  been 

P  3  con 


2i4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

confcious  that  his  empire  was  almoft  at 
an  end,  and  refolv'd  to  make  himfelf 
fecurc  of  the  {laughter  of  this  day  be- 
fore the  peace  was  finifh'd.  At  the 
fame  time  broke  out  two  confpiracies  $ 
one  of  Count  Tekeli  in  Hungary ',  and 
another  of  Oates  in  England.  But  per- 
haps of  thefe  hereafter.  In  the  mean 
while,  let  us  return  to  the  reft  of  the 
wars  in  Europe^  that  were  occaiion'd 
merely  by  the  breach  of  the  triple  al- 
liance. 

For  tho'  the  Southern  parts  of  Eu- 
rope miferably  fuffer'd,  yet  much  greater 
was  the  ftorm  of  war  that  fell  upon  the 
North  5  where  the  firft  trial  of  skill  was 
between  the  Swede  and  the  Eleclor  of 
Brandenburgh,  for  the  Province  of  To- 
meraniah  in  which,  in  the  firft  battle 
there  was  a  great  vi&ory  obtain'd  over 
the  Swedes,  their  canon  being  taken, 
and  more  than  four  thoufand  of  their 
men  killed,  (in  the  beginning  of  July* 
1675)  whereas  there  was  not  half  that 
number  of  the  enemy  kill'd.  The  con- 
queror purfuing  his  enemy  for  five  days 


togc- 


Of  his  own  Time.  2.15 

together,  drove  him  a  1  moil  out  of  the 
borders  of   'Pornerania.      This  was  the 
firft  turn  of  fortune.     For  the  Swedey 
the  triple  alliance  being  fo  bafcly  bro- 
ken,  at  which  he  was  highly  incenfed, 
enter'd  into  an  alliance  with  the  French 
King      As  therefore  the  one  carried  on 
the  war  in  the  South,  fo  the  other  did 
in  the  North  :    But  with  different  fuc- 
cefs,    for  Tomerania  being  loft  to  the 
Elcclor  of  Brandenburgh,    and  Schonen 
to  the  "Dane,    the  Swedes  would  have 
defpair'd  even  of   their  kingdom,    had 
not  the  French  given   a  check  to   the 
conquerors.      The    'Dane    and   Bran- 
denburgh   join'd  forces,    both    eminent 
Commanders,    who   headed  their  own 
troops,    warriors    equally    skillful    and 
brave.     Thefe  broke  in  fo  far  upon  the 
country  of  the  Swedes,    from  oppoftte 
quarters,    that   before   the   end   of  the 
war,    they  almoft  join'd   hands  in  the 
very  bowels  of  the  nation.     Branden- 
burgh    took    by    furrender    Wolgaft,    a 
ftrong  town  of  hither  Tomerania,  un- 
der the  Swedtfb  jurifdiclion,  within  ten 
P  4  days 


i\6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

days  (Nov.  10.)  at  the  fame  time  the 
"Dane  bcfieg'd  Wifmar^  a  very  ftrong 
city  of  the  Duchy  of  Mecklenburgh. 
And  when  by  the  common  preparation 
for  a  fiege,  he  was  advanced  fo  near  to 
the  city,  that  he  could  attack  it  with 
all  his  forces  together,  he  with  invin- 
cible courage  attempted  and  effected  his 
deftgn ;  for  in  the  depth  of  winter, 
the  trenches  full  of  water,  in  the 
midft  of  continual  froft  and  fnow,  in  a 
moonlefs  night,  the  King  leading  on  his 
men,  attack'd  the  fortifications  with 
fucli  fiercenefs,  that  the  befieg'd  being 
beaten  off  within  two  hours,  and  the 
greateft  of  the  forts  taken,  the  befieg'd 
Fent  to  defire  conditions  of  furrenderj 
which  being  granted,  the  King  took 
pofieflion  of  the  town  the  next  day. 
1676.  At  the  end  of  the  following  year,  a 
fliarp  and  bloody  battle  was  fought  neai 
Lunden,  a  city  of  Schonen  5  for  it  is  the 
cuftom  of  thofe  Northern  countries  to 
take  the  field  even  in  the  winter  fea- 
fon,  when  the  rivers,  and  the  very 
arms  of  the  fea  being  frozen  over,   can 

Afford 


Of  his  own  Time.  217 

afford    a  convenient    paffage    for   their 
armies.     The  'Dane  had  clofely  befieg  d, 
for  fome  months,    Malmoe,    a   city   of 
Schonen,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Da- 
nijh  dominions,    but  taken   by  Charles 
GujlavuSy   King  of  Sweden,  in  the  year 
1658.     To  raife  this  fiege,    the  Swede 
comes   at    length,    with    an    army    of 
twenty   thoufand   men.      Early  in  the 
morning,  he  reach'd  the  enemy's  camp, 
and   fell  upon   their   left  wing.     They 
fought  briskly   for  fome  time,    but  at 
laft  the  Danes  gave  way  5    their  horfe 
were  put  to  flight,    the  greateft  part  of 
their  foot  kiird,    and  their  cannon  ta- 
ken.     In  the   mean  while,    the  right 
wing  of  the  Danifh  army,   which  the 
King,   with  his  brother  Prince  George, 
commanded,  attacking  the  left  wing  of 
the  enemy,  they  fought  with  the  utmoft 
refolution.      The    battle   was   doubtful 
for  fome  hours,  but  at  length  the  Swedes 
not  fuftaining  the  fhock,   were  put  to 
flight.     Not  only  the  enemy's  cannon 
were  taken,    but  alfo  their  own  were 
iecover'd>  and  the  Danes  remain  d  maf- 

ters 


zi8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

tcrs  of  the  field  >  and  their  other  wing 
had  an  opportunity  of  rallying.  This 
renew'd  the  a&ion  with  double  obfti- 
nacy  ;  nor  did  it  end  till  night.  Thus 
they  retired  with  equal  {laughter  on 
both  fides,  the  Swedes  having  rccover'd 
t-heir  cannon  before  fun-fet.  The  King 
of  "Denmark ,  throughout  the  battle, 
performed  the  part  not  only  of  an  ac- 
tive commander,  but  even  of  a  common 
foidier  :  He  advanc d  eleven  times  with 
his  own  body  againft  the  enemy  5  and 
his  brother  Prince  George  rufhing  into 
the  midft  of  the  enemy  with  too  much 
heat,  and  being  inclos'd  by  them,  with 
difficulty  brought  himfelf  off  to  his 
own  men.  If  there  was  any  advantage 
in  this  bloody  battle,  it  feem'd  to  be 
on  the  fide  of  the  Swedes ',  bccaufe  they 
rais'd  the  fiege  5  otherwife,  above  ten 
thoufand  men  were  {lain,  without  any 
advantage.  And  the  fame  fummcr  they 
tried  again  the  chance  of  war.  In  the 
July  23.  month  of  July,  the  left  wing  of  the 
Ttanifb  army  being  routed  again,  the 
King   himfelf  commanding   the   right* 

gave 


Op  his  own  Time.  up 

gave  a  new  turn  to  the  battle.     Thus 

things  paft  at  land  5    but  at  fea,  fortune 

more  favour'd  the  "Danes ;    for  a  little 

before,     about    the    beginning   of    the 

fame  month,   their  fleets  engaged;    the 

Swedish  confiding  of  fix  and  thirty  fhips, 

the  "Danijh  of  twenty  four.    They  (trove 

a  long  time   for  the  advantage  of  the 

wind,   which  the  enemy  taking,    when 

the  "Dane  could  not  obtain  it,  he  broke 

thro'  the  midft  of  the  enemy's  fleet,  of 

which  Juell  was  Admiral,    a  man  both 

experience  in  fea-affairs,    and  eminent 

for  his  courage.     Nor  did  he  only  break 

thro'  the  enemy's  lines,   but  he  got  the 

wind  of  them :    And  tho'  he  was  very 

unequal  to  them  in  number,  yet  he  be- 

hav'd   himfclf    with  that    courage  and 

conduct:,    that  one   and  twenty  of  the 

enemy's  fhips  being  deftroy'd,    and   the 

reft  put  to  flight,  he  return  d  Conqueror 

into  port,  laden  with  naval  fpoils.     A- 

bout  the  fame  time,  the  city  Stetiny  the 

capital  of  Tomerania,  being  befieg'd  by 

the  Elector  of  Brandenburgh-,    exceeded 

the  fury  of  Crequi's  battle,    and  almoft 

3  that 


120      Bp.  Parker's  History 

that  of  Sagunturn,  in  their  defence. 
The  enemy  fate  down  before  the  town 
in  Julyy  and  it  being  ftrongly  fortified 
attack'd  it  with  uncommon  ficrccnefs, 
but  was  rcpuls'd  with  much  greater  by 
the  "befieg'd.  Saliies  were  daily  made, 
the  works  continually  difturb'd,  fires 
laid  to  the  fortifications,  and  the  trenches 
fill 'd  up.  They  attempted  every  thing 
which  men  could  do,  having  bound 
thcmfelves  by  an  oath,  that  they  would 
fooner  die,  than  fubmit  to  any  condi- 
tions of  furrendry.  Many  works  were 
caft  up  within,  that  the  outer-works 
being  taken,  the  city  might  be  defend- 
ed by  others  within,  and  even-- the  ruins 
of  the  houfes  piled  up  as  hierras  towers, 
and  every  houfe  was  turn  d  into  a  iort 
of  citadel.  Thus  the  enemy -found  they 
were  befieging  feveral  cities*  in  one. 
The  enemy  on  their  part  rais'd  oppofite 
works  round  about.  On  thefe  batteries 
above  feventy  mortars  were  placed ; 
frorfl  whence  they  flung  bombs  into 
the  city  night  and  day.  Thefe  fet  the 
city  on  fire  in  feveral  places,  (o,  that  it 

was 


Of    his  own  Time.  hi 

was  foon  reduc'd  to  afhes,  and  burled 
in  its  own  ruins.  In  the  mean  time, 
there  appeared  greater  refolution  in  the 
towns-men  than  in  the  foldiers.  If  any 
one  fpoke  of  a  furrender,  they  imme- 
diately ftabb'd  him.  They  oblig'd  the 
Governour  himfelf  to  fwear,  that  he 
would  not  offer  or  receive  any  condi- 
tions 5  and  they  themfelves  in  their 
turns, kept  guard.  It  is  reported,  that 
when  a  towns-man,  keeping  guard  up- 
on the  walls,  was  told  by  his  fervant 
that  his  wife  and  children  were  kili'd  by 
a  bomb,  he  commanded  him  to  take 
care  that  they  fhould  be  decently  bu- 
ried, for  he  could  not  leave  his  poft, 
but  could  with  more  eafe  part  with  his 
own  life  for  the  prefervation  of  his  coun- 
try, than  receive  the  news  of  their 
death.  At  length  the  Ele&or  of  Bran? 
denburgh,  when  he  found  that  no  re- 
lief was  fent  to  the  befteg  d,  and  was 
told  by  defertcrs,  that  the  city  was  bu- 
ried in  its  own  ruins,  being  mov'd  with 
pity,  voluntarily  fent  them  honourable 
conditions  of  furrendry,  threatning  to 
3  proceed 


in      Bi\  Parker's  History 

proceed  to  extremity,  if  they  refus'd 
fhem.  They  gave  the  Ele&or  thanks 
for  his  great  condefcenfion,  and  befought 
him  to  make  no  mention  of  a  furren- 
dry,  becaufe  they  were  bound  by  oath 
not  to  yield  to  any  5  and  if  they  were 
reducd  to  extremity,  they  fhould  not 
defpair  of  the  mercy  of  fo  generous  a 
Conqueror.  So  when  the  gates  were 
demolifh'd,  they  fill'd  up  the  breach. 
When  their  walls  had  been  often  blown 
up  by  their  mines  for  fixty  foot  toge- 
ther, the  enemy  attacked  them  in  the 
breach,  the  citizens  fought  them  from 
their  works,  breaft  to  breaft,  before 
their  walls,  and  made  fuch  a  ftrange 
anduncxpe&ed  refiftance,  that  they  drove 
the  enemy  back  over  the  ruins  of  the 
town,  and  purfued  them,  affrighted  and 
trembling,  even  to  their  camp.  They 
ftill  went  on  filling  up  feveral  times 
the  breaches  with  high  parapets.  The 
enemy  quite  wearied  out  with  fo  many 
battles  aud  afTaults,  procured  afliftance 
from  the  'Dane.  When  thefe  were  ar- 
rived,   the    Elector   of    Brandenburgh 

prepar'd 


Of  his  own  Time.  215 

prepar'd  every  thing  for  a  general  ftorm ; 
yet  he  forbore,  out  of  compafllon  $9. 
fuch  brave  men  5  fo  he  attack'd  them 
again  with  threats,  that  they  fhould  fuf- 
fer  extremities,  unlefs  they  furrender'd, 
for  that  he  had  offer'd  them  the  moft 
honourable  conditions.  They  a  long 
time  flood  unmoveable,  till  finding 
themfelves  quite  deftitute  of  powder, 
they  fent  out  deputies  to  treat  of  a 
furrendry.  His  Eleftoral  Highnefs,  a 
Prince  of  a  great  and  generous  fpirit, 
granted  more  than  they  defir'd  5  he  not 
only  granted  them  the  privileges  which 
they  enjoy'd  under  the  Swede,  to  whom 
they  fell  by  the  right  of  war,  but  moft 
indulgently  renew'd  their  antient  ones, 
which  they  poflefs'd  under  their  own 
Princes,  the  Dukes  of  cPomerania.  He 
gave  them  the  liberty  of  fifhing  for  ten 
^ears,  without  laying  any  tax  upon 
them.  Neither  did  he  require  any  thing 
of  the  conquered,  but  that  the  inhabitants 
fhould  build  their  Parifh-Churchcs  5  and 
he  promis'd  to  build  their  Cathedral  at 
his  own  expence.  A  victory  truly  wor- 
thy 


2*4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

thy  of  fo  great  a  Commander,  not  only 
to  gain  a  conqueft  over  their  bodies, 
but  over  their  minds.  He  embrac'd  the 
bravery  and  magnanimity  of  the  men> 
and  wifh'd  he  might  never  want  inch 
fubje&s,  not  doubting  but  that  they 
Would  pay  him  invincible  fidelity.  In 
the  beginning  of  the  fiege  there  were 
three  thoufand  foldiers,  befides  a  vaft 
multitude  of  citizens  :  But  the  foldiers 
that  marched  out  after  the  furrender, 
were  not  above  two  hundred ;  there  were 
two  thoufand  three  hundred  killed,  the 
reft  were  kept  from  marching  by  their 
wounds;  and  how  many  towns-men  pe- 
riflied,  fince  they  made  the  moft  refiftance, 
we  muft  compute  from  the  number  of 
the  foldiers.  Above  half  the  enemy's 
army  fell;  they  themfelvcs  confeffed 
that  they  had  loft  twelve  thoufand,  the 
greateft  {laughter  perhaps  upon  record, 
but  fuch  as  might  be  expeftcd  between 
enemies,  who  cngagd  on  both  fides 
with  a  refolution  either  to  conquer,  or 
die  glorioufly. 


Th< 


Of  his  own  Time.  225 

The  next  year  the  fortune  of  the  Jan.  ift 
war  was  various  and  changeable  :  Early  !  ^* 
in  the  fpring,  Count  Coningfmark,  Ge- 
neral of  the  Swedifh  army,  made  a  hid- 
den defcent  upon  the  Iflc  of  Rngen,  a 
part  of  the  Danifh  dominions :  Which 
being  attempted  in  the  night,  he  landed 
two  thoufand  horic,  and  three  thoufand 
foot,  without  any  moleftation  from  the 
enemy,  who  did  not  expect  them  5  and 
having  pitch' d  his  camp,  he  challcng'd 
the  'Danes  to  a  battle,  when  they  could 
hardly  believe  that  there  was  an  enemy 
in  the  ifland.  When  the  battle  was  be- 
gun, at  the  firft  motion  of  the  troops, 
Rumer  the  Danijh  General  was  fhot 
with  a  bullet,  and  fell,  in  the  fight  of 
both  armies.  Upon  this  the  Danes  fell 
into  diforder  and  confirmation,  and  the 
Swedes  were  exceedingly  animated.  It 
indeed  prov'd  very  fatal  to  the  Danijh 
intcrcft,  that  the  army  being  compos'd 
of  feverai  nations,  the  Generals  quar- 
rcll'd  amongft  themfelves  for  the  chief 
command  5  which  being  obferv'd  by  the 
Swedes,  they  with  a  vigorous  attack 
Q^  beat 


nc      Br.  Parker's  History 

beat  them  out  of  their  ranks,  and  hav- 
ing put  them  into  the  utmoft  confufion, 
prefVd  them  fo  furioufly  that  they  put 
them  to  flight  >  their  artillery  and  bag- 
gage were  taken.  There  were  feven 
thoufand  Danes,  but  being  fhut  up  in 
an  ifland,  they  were  all  cither  taken  or 
kill'd,  excepting  a  few  officers,  who 
taking  boats  committed  themfelvcs  to 
the  waves.  The  Swedes  were  fo  cm- 
boldned  by  this  unexpected  favour  of 
fortune,  that  they  foon  fate  down  with 
all  their  forces  before  Chriftianftad,  a 
ftrong  town  in  the  Province  of  Bleking, 
and  belonging  to  the  "Danes,  which  at 
length  they  took  by  furrender,  after  a 
long  (lege,  and  all  preparations  for  a 
ftorm. 

But  this  was  the  end  of  the  Swedifo 
good  fortune,  almoft  as  foon  as  it  be- 
gan :  For  in  the  following  month,  the 
Dane  and  Brandenburgher  made  a  fudden 
defcent  upon  the  Ifle  of  Rugen,  in  fc- 
veral  places.  The  Swedes  were  affright- 
ed by  the  great  number  of  the  enemy, 
and  flying  to  the  iea-coaft,    palVd  over 

in 


Of  his   own  Time.  227 

in  boats  and  pinnaces  to  Straelftmd  in 
Tomerania  5  great  part  of  them  were 
drown'd,  above  a  thoufand  men,  and 
three  thoufand  horfes  were  taken  5  the 
Elector  of  Brandenburgh  follow'd  them 
to  StraelfurJ,  and  fate  down  before  the 
town  ;  and  the  next  month  after  he  took 
it  by  furrender,  altho'  Coningfmark  ex- 
erted himfelf  to  the  laft,  with  all  the 
bravery  of  Creqiii.  Thence  marching 
to  Gripfwald,  he  beficg'd  and  took  it. 
And  thus  he  made  himfelf  mafter  of  all 
Tomerania,  for  this  was  the  laft  place 
he  reduced. 

The  year  following,  making  an  in-  1679* 
curfion  into  Triiffia,  he  routed  the  Swedes 
in  three  battles,  and  the  whole  army 
of  the  enemy  being  almoft  deftroy'd,  he 
drove  them  out  of  the  borders  of  the 
Province  with  great  (laughter  of  the  de- 
feated. The  Swedifh  affairs  being  now 
almoft  defperate,  the  Aloft  Chriftian 
King  immediately  put  himfelf  forward, 
declaring  that  he  would  have  no  regard 
to  the  league  lately  made  among  the 
Princes  of  Europe,    unlefs  the  King  of 

Q^  2  Sweden 


n8      Bp.  Parkers  History 

Sweden  was  admitted  into  the  fame 
terms  of  peace.  He  therefore  demands 
that  the  Elector  of  Brandenburgh  mould 
reftore  to  the  Swede  the  cities  which  he 
had  taken  in  'Pomerania,  as  himfelf  had 
reftor'd  to  the  Spaniard  the  cities  that 
he  had  taken  in  Flanders.  His  Electo- 
ral Highnefs  oppofes  it,  and  the  French 
King  infifts  upon  it,  and  threatens  to 
invade  his  dominions,  except  it  be  pre- 
fently  done.  In  the  mean  time,  till  a 
proper  opportunity  could  be  obtaind 
for  a  treaty  of  peace,  there  was  a  truce 
agreed  upon  for  fix  months,  by  his  own 
mediatorfhip.  The  Eledtor  deferring  his 
compliance,  and  the  time  of  the  truce 
being  at  an  end,  the  French  King  made 
an  incurfion  into  the  dominions  of 
Brandenburgh.  Which  done,  his  Elec- 
toral Highnefs  being  before  defertcd  by 
his  Allies,  and  knowing  himfelf  alone 
to  be  no  match  for  his  enemy,  readily 
accepted  of  the  terms  of  peace  that 
were  offer'd,  excepting  only  that  he 
ftrove  to  keep,  as  a  reward  of  his  la- 
bours,   the  city  of  Stetin,    which  had 

coft 


Of  his  own  Time.  1x9 

co ft.  him  Co  dear.  The  French  King 
abated  nothing  ;  but  all  things  muft  be 
reftor'd,  not  a  hands  breadth  of  land 
excepted.  Thus  this  great  Prince,  nc- 
ceflity  compelling,  after  fuch  dreadful 
fatigues  of  war,  had  nothing  but  his  la- 
bour for  his  pains. 

And  now  the  'Dane  remain'd  alone 
in  the  war  ;  and  altho'  at  the  fame  time 
he,  by  his  minifters,  treated  of  peace 
with  the  Swedes,  yet  the  conference 
was  without  fuccefs.  For  the  French 
King  commanded  his  army  to  march 
out  of  Weflphalia,  to  lay  wafte  the  coun- 
ty of  Oldenberghy  which  was  a  part  of 
the  T)anijh  dominions,  unlefs  they  pre- 
fcntly  clofed  the  war.  By  which  means 
he  did  not  fo  properly  treat  of  peace, 
as  command  it.  Thus  the  cDanifh  King, 
a  man  of  a  great  foul,  being  oblig'd  by 
the  fame  irrefiftiblc  law  as  the  Eleftor 
of  Brandenburgh  had  been,  fign'd  the 
peace  with  the  fame  anger  and  indigna- 
tion as  he  would  have  furrendred  to 
the  enemy.  But  thefe  two  brave  Prin- 
ces, who  were  become  Lords  of  the 
(^  3  North, 


ajo      Bp.  Parker's  History 

North  by  their  own  valour,  did  after- 
terwards  inveigh  more  fharply  againft 
their  Allies,  than  againft  the  enemy, 
publifliing  Memorials,  in  which  they 
charg'd  them  with  treachery,  and  breach 
of  faith. 

And  thus  the  Confederates  came  to 
an  agreement,  not  only  without  the 
confent  of  their  Allies,  but  even  againft 
their  inceflant  defires  and  proteftations. 
For  the  Elector  of  Brandenburgh,  by 
his  Embaffadors  that  were  fent  to  the 
Diet  of  Ratisborij  protefted  againft  the 
peace  that  was  made  without  his  con- 
fent, by  all  the  tics  of  Religion,  laws 
of  Nations,  of  War,  of  Alliances,  and 
of  the  Empire  :  For  it  was  not  lawful 
by  the  oath  of  alliance  ;  and  it  was  ftill 
in  the  power  of  the  Diet  to  repeal  the 
agreement  5  and  he  would  bring  an  ar- 
my of  eight  and  twenty  thoufand  men 
into  Germany,,  in  defence  of  the  Im- 
perial jurifdiction  5  and  it  was  bafe  to  ac- 
cept of  fuch  mean  and  hard  conditions 
from  an  enemy,  now  broken  and  al- 
moft  vanquifiYd.     The  Diet  a  long  time 

deferr'd 


Of  his  own  Time.  251 

deferr'd  their  aflent;  but  at  length,  e- 
ven  they  alfo  fubmittcd  to  the  arbitrary 
power  of  ncceflity.  The  fame  Prince, 
particularly  enraged  againft  the  States, 
wrote  to  them  to  this  cffecT: :  That  he 
beheld  the  calamitous  ftate  of  affairs,  in 
that  part  of  his  dominions  which  lies 
in  the  circle  of  IVeJtphalia,  he  did  not 
fo  much  blame  his  enemy,  as  conceive 
the  utmoft  detcftation  of  the  treachery 
of  his  Allies,  on  whole  account  all  this 
had  befallen  him  ;  who,  when  they 
knew  that  he  was  fo  much  diftrciTed, 
not  only  fent  him  no  fuccours,  but 
made  a  peace,  entirely  abandoning  their 
Ally  to  the  mercy  of  his  enemy,  And 
thus  the  whole  weight  of  the  war  fell 
upon  him,  who  had  been  no  ways  con- 
cern d  in  it,  if  he  had  not  pitied  their 
wretched  condition,  and  come  to  their 
relief,  when  they  were  periming.  That 
he  wondred  at  their  ill  conduct,  in  that 
they  beheld  his  ruin,  without  being 
concerned,  or  rather  being  pleas'd  with 
the  fight$  altho'  he  had  with  great  la- 
bours, dangers  and  expences,  faved  them 
Q^4  from. 


z^z      Bp.  Parker's  History 

from  prcfcnt  deftruftion  5  as  if  this  was 
a  worthy  rccompcncc  fuitable  to  the 
labour  and  kindnefs  that  he  had  fo  ill 
beftow'd.  That  it  would  make  him 
even  fick  to  complain  of  the  feveral 
loilcs  that  he  had  fuftain'd,  becaufe  he 
would  not  let  them  be  ruin'd,  particu- 
larly while  in  the  very  fight  of  their 
forces.  With  what  defolation  were  the 
Dukedom  of  Cleve,  the  Earldom  of 
Marck,  and  the  Cities  of  Ravenfperg 
and  Minden  laid  wafte,  while  he  was  en- 
gaged in  diftant  wars  in  the  North. 
That  he  had  often  complain  d  of  thefe 
things  by  his  EmbafTadors,  and  by  let- 
ters, that  if  he  could  not  have  afliftancc 
from  them,  he  might  at  lcaft  have  them 
his  friends,  to  comfort  him  in  his  mi- 
fery.  That  they,  on  the  other  hand,  as 
if  they  were  grown  more  infolent,  ei- 
ther thro'  their  own  treachery,  or  thro' 
the  mifery  of  their  Ally,  and  even  their 
Deliverer,  had  refus'd  him  the  honour 
of  an  anfwer.  But  if  mercenary  men 
did  not  know  what  gratitude  was,  yet 
at  lcaft  they  were  known  to  be  nice 

conv 


Of  his  own  Time.  235 

computers    upon    the    bufincfs  of  gain 
and  advantage.     They  fhould  therefore 
confider   with    themfelves,    whether    it 
were  reafonable,  that  he  fhould  bear  all 
the  expences  of  the  war,    in  which  he 
had  involv'd  himfclf,    purely  that  they 
might  not  be  utterly  undone.     And  did 
they  not  think  it  fufficient  for  hL     to 
be  ftript  of  his  territories  thro*  their  per- 
fidioufnefs,    but  he  muft  live  for  the  fu- 
ture in  mean  and  abjett  circumftanccs, 
under  the  difficulties    of    an   exhaufted 
treafury  ?   That  becaufe  they  might  not 
be  unapprized  that  he  was  not  able  to 
bear  fuch  bafc  indignities,   his  high  re- 
fentment  had  extorted  from  him  thefe 
letters,  even  againft  his  will ;    and  that 
it  would  be  impofliblc  for  him  ever  to 
forget   their    articles :    That  he  fhould 
challenge  at  their  hands  the  rights  and 
facred  obligations  of  that  alliance  which 
they  had  impioufly  violated ;  and  unlels 
they  would  fubmiflively  and  honourably 
make  him  fatisfaftion,  he  would  rcferve 
to  himfclf  and  his  pofterity  the  revenge 
of  fo  great  villany.     In  the  mean  time, 

that; 


234      Bp.  Parker's  History 

that  he  befought  Almighty  God  frill  to 
prefcrve  them  from  the  miferies  of 
war,  and  hoftile  incurfions,  left  they 
ftiould  learn,  too  late,  what  imprudence 
it  is  to  betray  thofe  faithful  Allies  that 
had  laved  them. 

What  anfwer  did  the  States  return, 
but  Inch  a  wretched  and  empty  one  as 
this,  That  they  with  a  grateful  mind 
recollected  the  great  favours  they  had 
receiv'd  from  him ;  that  they  were  as 
much  affected  with  his  prefent  cafe,  as 
if  it  were  their  own;  but  begg'd  him 
to  excufe  them  for  making  peace  upon 
thofe  terms  which  they  had  agreed  to  3 
that  they  had  done  it  only  in  compli- 
ance with  neceffity  5  that  the  burthen 
of  the  war  was  too  heavy  3  that  their 
people  could  not  pay  the  expence  of 
it  5  and  laftly,  that  if  they  had  not  come 
into  a  peace,  other  countries  would 
have  broke  in  upon  their  trade :  There- 
fore they  moft  humbly  begg'd  his  par- 
don, and  promis'd  to  perform  all  offi- 
ces of  fidelity  and  friendfhip  to  him  for 
the   time  to   come.     To  thefe  excufes 

it 


Of   his   own  Time.  135 

it  was  anfwcr'd :  Is  this  'Dutch  fidelity, 
to  trample  upon  all  Laws,  divine  and 
human,  only  under  pretence  of  nccef- 
fity  ?  At  this  tate,  what  is  the  force  of  - 
oaths  ?  To  what  purpofe  are  the  facred 
tics  of  Alliances?  Why  is  the  divine  Ven- 
geance invok'd  ;  if  all  thefe  things  ccafe 
to  oblige  upon  any  turn  of  affairs  what- 
focver?  Why  is  the  bond  of  religion 
join'd  to  that  of  human  faith,  but  that 
no  evafion  may  be  left  for  falfity,  up- 
on any  pretence  in  the  world.  If  when- 
focver  ncccflity  is  pretended,  all  the  ob- 
ligation of  an  oath  is  null  and  void, 
truly  oaths  are  of  no  more  value  than 
as  the  engagements  of  lovers  are  too 
commonly  made  to  be.  But  what,  at 
laft,  fhoud  this  mighty  neceffity  be,  that 
it  muft  over-rule  every  thing  that  is  fa- 
cred? Why,  truly,  they  were  opprefs'd 
with  the  llraits  and  difficulties  of  war ! 
As  if  war  was  any  thing  elfe,  but  the 
burthen  and  trouble  of  dangers,  labours 
and  taxes.  Did  not  all  their  Allies  la- 
bour under  the  fame  neccility,  only  be- 
eaufe  they  intcrpofed  in  their  caufe? 
3  And 


2$6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

And  if  they  had  not  firft  refolv'd  with 
themfelvcs  to  undergo  the  utmoft,  they 
had  no  reafon  to  enter  into  the  war : 
But  if  any  of  the  Allies  thought  fit  to 
difpenfe  with  himfelf  under  this  plea, 
why  then  it  fell  the  harder  on  the  reft ; 
for  that  the  more  the  number  of  the 
Allies  is  lefTend,  the  more  is  every  one's 
burthen  increafed.  And  thus,  when  all 
the  reft  withdrew  themfelves,  all  the 
danger  of  the  war,  which  yet  he  could 
neither  fuftain  nor  avoid,  fell  upon  this 
one  Prince,  and  the  King  of  'Denmark, 
only  becaufe  they  had  kept  their  fide- 
lity to  the  laft.  And  they  thus  excus'd 
themfelves  to  him,  becaufe  they  had  dc- 
liver'd  themfelves  from  the  dangers  of 
war,  at  the  expence  of  his  deftruftion. 
But  indeed  the  meafure  of  their  extreme 
neceffity,  is  the  point  of  gain :  War  and 
merchandize  are  not  friends  to  one  an- 
other, and  therefore  when  they  had  in- 
volv'd  the  whole  world  in  war  and  con- 
fufion,  it  concern'd  not  them  on  whom 
the  ruin  lighted,  whether  friend  or  foe, 
provided  they  could  make  their  market, 

4  Such 


Of    his  own  Time,  237 

Such  an  unprincipled  thing  is  a  Demo- 
cracy !  that  there  is  nothing  they  will  flick 
at,  without  any  regard  to  fhamc,  or  mo- 
defty,  or  religion  5  for  when  the  crime 
runs  in  common,  all  are  in  fault,  and 
yet  every  one  innocent.  Every  one  de- 
clares himfelf  unwilling  that  the  thing 
fhould  be  done,  but  ftill  the  greater  part 
is  too  hard  for  the  better.  How  could 
it  other  wife  be,  that  when  their  coun- 
try being  almoft  loft,  all  Europe  had  en- 
gaged in  war  on  their  behalf,  obliging 
themfelves  by  alliance  never  to  recede 
from  it,  till  things  were  put  upon  a 
right  bottom ;  all  had  folemnly  engaged 
that  no  one  would  make  peace  with- 
out the  common  confent  of  all  i  yet 
the  'Dutch,  as  foon  as  they  found  them- 
felves fafe  enough,  by  the  hardfhips 
which  other  people  had  underwent  for 
them,  fhould  firft  of  all  defert  thofc  Al- 
lies that  had  done  fo  much  for  them. 

But  fuch  was  the  confequence  of 
their  treachery,  that  the  fame  neccfllty 
which  was  falfely  pretended  by  them, 
did  in   truth   fall   upon  the  reft :    For 

their 


23 8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

their  affiftancc  being  withdrawn,  the 
Spaniard  was  altogether  unequal  to  the 
war  in  Flanders  ;  nor  could  the  Empe- 
ror, by  reafon  of  that  divcrfion  which 
the  war  in  Hungary  gave  him,  carry  on 
both  wars  without  their  affiftance. 
Since  therefore  thefc  were  fore'd  to  a- 
gree  with  the  enemy,  all  the  branches 
of  the  alliance  were  broken ;  and  they 
that  flood  out  were  fo  obnoxious  and 
expos'd  to  the  enemy,  that  they  muft 
neceffarily  take  whatever  conditions  he 
impos'd  upon  them.  And  he  command- 
ed them  to  rcftorc  no  lefs  to  the  van- 
quifh'd,  than  all  the  rewards  of  the 
conquefts  which  they  had  obtain'd. 
Thefe  twoMoft  Illuftrious  Generals,  con- 
ftraiiVd  by  the  irrefiftiblc  law  of  nccef- 
fity,  quitted  the  war  with  minds  invin- 
cible, but  wounded  with  indignation. 

This  was  their  common  treachery  to 
all  the  Confederates,  but  their  particular 
ill  ufage  of  the  Spaniard,  was  yet  more 
fcandalous :  For  whereas  by  the  articles 
of  the  alliance,  the  town  of  Maeftricht 

is  to  be   deliver'd   to  the  Spaniards •, 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  23? 

the  "Dutch,  by  /hiking  up  a  "peace  firft, 
receiv'd  this  town  from  the  French  for 
themfelves.  The  Spaniard  requires  that 
it  fhould  be  delivered  to  him  according 
to  agreement.  They  ftop'd  their  ears  to 
all  thefe  complaints  5  but  at  length,  as 
if  they  had  been  lafh'd  and  beaten  into 
an  anfwer,  after  an  obftinate  filence  of 
ten  months,  replied,  That  there  were 
great  turns  due  to  them  from  the  Spa- 
niard, for  the  late  expedition  to  Mejfina. 
And  moreover,  there  was  a  large  fum 
of  money  that  was  not  yet  paid  to  the 
Prince  of  Orange,  which  had  been  pro- 
mis'd  to  his  anceftors  by  the  Spaniard, 
at  the  peace  of  Mimfter.  To  this  the 
King  of  Spain  anfwer'd,  That  it  was  not 
agreeable  to  the  faith  and  dignity  of 
alliances,  that  their  obligation  fhould  be 
cancelled  by  matters  fo  foreign  and  re- 
mote: That  if  fuch  collufions  were  to 
pafs,  there  was  an  end  of  ail  treaties ; 
for  there  is  no  State  or  Kingdom,  but 
what  either  now  has,  or  formerly  had, 
fome  demands  upon  their  neighbours, 
which  arc  not  fully  anfwer'd.     But  that 

he 


zao      Bp.  Parker's  History 

he  was  fo  far  from  being  guilty  of  not 
paying  the  money  demanded,  that  he 
tod  voluntarily  paid  to  the  Prince  of 
Orarge  a  yearly  penfion  of  fifty  thou- 
fand  crowns,  and  had  given  him  an 
hundred  thoufand  at  every  return  of  the 
plate-fleet,  and  would,  if  he  pleas'd, 
ftipulate  to  give  it  him  ftill.  If  there 
were  any  arrears  due  for  the  expedition, 
if  they  would  deliver  in  their  accounts, 
he  would  pay  them.  And  laftly,  he  ad- 
monifhes  them  not  to  vacate  the  moil: 
facred  laws  of  alliances,  with  fuch  tri- 
fling excufes.  There  was  fome  fort  of 
anfwer  made  to  this,  but  never  pub- 
lifh'd  :  But  whatever  it  was,  the  Spanijh 
Embaffador,  before  he  went  away,  did 
with  great  indignation  of  mind  proteft 
againft  the  iniquity  of  this  affair. 

And  whereas  it  is  the  cuflom  of  Na- 
tions, to  mak  t  a  h;  tdfome  prefent  to 
Embaffadors,  at  ihcir  taking  leave 5  he, 
with  the  utmofl  contempt  and  portion, 
devoted  them  and  their  complei  ent 
together,  to  the  juft  wrath  and  venge- 
ance of  the  Deity. 

But 


Of  his  own  Time.  241 

But  it  is  mod  of  all  to  be  lamented, 
and  was  the  fouled  blot  upon  the  Con- 
federates, that  the  Duke  of  Lorrainy 
who  came  into  the  alliance  amongft 
the  firft,  was  excluded  and  deprived  of 
the  benefit  of  the  peace :  For  this  great 
man  difdain'd  even  to  Men  to  any 
terms  of  peace,  unlefs  the  dominions 
of  his  family  were  reftored.  For  where- 
as by  the  treaty  between  the  Emperor 
and  the  French  King,  they  agreed  that 
the  Dukedom  mould  be  rcftor'd  to  him, 
provided  that  the  city  of  Nancy,  the 
metropolis  of  Lorrain,  and  the  feat  of 
the  Duke  remained  a  part  of  the  French 
dominions ;  and  that  open  roads,  even 
to  the  breadth  of  half  a  league,  mould 
be  made  from  France  to  Nancy,  and 
from  Nancy  to  Germany  5  and  thefe  to 
be  under  the  command  of  the  French 
King  alone  :  By  fubmitting  to  which 
conditions,  the  Duke  muft  in  effect  ad- 
mit an  enemy  into  the  very  bowels  of 
his  country,  into  a  place  firongly  for- 
tified, and  would  leave  his  whole  coun- 
try expos'd  to  the  incurfions  of  the 
11  French, 


141      Br.  Parker's  History 

French,  for  if  an  army  fhould  pafs  that 
way,  it  was  not  in  his  power,  by  the 
articles  of  peace,  to  hinder  it.  The 
Duke  of  Lorrain  hereupon  cxpoflulated 
with  all  the  indignation  of  a  hcroe  5 
What!  do  they  think  that  I  will  give 
up  any  thing  of  the  royal  dignity  of  my 
anccftors?  I  had  rather  never  fee  my 
country  more.  And  by  his  Embaffadors 
he  declared,  that  he  would  rather  be  de- 
prived of  all  his  dominions,  than  deli- 
ver that  maim'd  and  leflend  to  his  po- 
fterity,  which  he  had  received  entire 
from  his  anceflors :  That  that  Kingdom 
was  precarious,  and  altogether  tributa- 
ry, which  depended  upon  another's  plca- 
furc:  That  fuch  unjuft  conditions  were 
never  impos'd  upon,  or  recciv'd  by* 
any  but  perfons  in  defperation.  There- 
fore he  frequently  proteftcd  againft  the 
peace,  to  the  Emperor,  the  Congrefs  at 
Nimeguen,  and  the  Imperial  Diet.  And 
when  the  articles  of  peace  were  lign'd 
and  exchang'd,  his  Minifter  being  prc- 
fent  in  the  Congrefs,  publickly  dclivcr'd 
a  Memorial  of  proteft  againft  it. 

Thus 


Of  his   own  Time.  243 

Thus  this  great  man,  with  equal  mo- 
deration and  greatneisof  foul,  prcferr'd 
an  honourable  exile  before  a  fervile  do- 
minion. But  to  iuch  a  warrior;,  every 
part  of  the  earth  is  not  only  his  coun- 
try, but  his  kingdom.  A  brave  man's 
fword  is  his  fceptre,  his  helmet  his  dia- 
dem, and  his  bread  his  Pretorian  guard. 
For  what  Monarch  liv'd  with  greater 
glory  and  honour  ?  Whofc  power  made 
a  greater  fumre  ?  Who  more  diftin^uifh'd 
himfelf  by  noble  aclions,  than  Lorrain? 
The  fafcty  of  the  Chriftian  world  itfelf 
fo  depended  upon  him,  that  though  the 
whole  Empire  of  Europe  was  not  his 
lot,  he  feem'd  at  lead  to  have  deferv'd 
it :  The  Providence  of  God  fo  ordering, 
that  all  Europe  mould  be  fav'd,  and  per- 
haps delivered  from  perpetual  flavery,  by 
the  misfortune  of  this  one  Prince;  for 
he  fo  broke  the  Ottoman  power,  that 
it  will  hereafter  be  no  terror  to  Europe. 
Thus  he  became  a  greater  Prince  by  the 
lofs  of  his  dominions,  as  it  argues  a 
nobler  fpirit  to  fave  many  Kingdoms, 
than  to  govern  one. 

R  2  Laftly, 


144      Bp.   Parker's  History 

Laftly,  by  his  Angular  moderation, 
prudence  and  bravery,  he  might  chal- 
lenge to  himfclf  the  greatcft  titles  of 
the  Kings  of  Europe,  even  thole  of  the 
Mod  Catholick,  Mod  Chriftian,  Moil 
invincible  Defender  of  the  Faith. 


The  End  of  the  fecond  Booh 


Bp. 


(   MJ   ) 

Bp.  PARKERs 

HI  STO  R  Y 

O  F 

His  Own  Time. 

BOOK     III. 


1 H  E  Prince  of  Orange  alone,  of 
all  the  Confederates,  made  ad- 
vantage from  thcfe  wars  :  For 
he  who  had  been  depriv'd  by  the  Love- 
fiein  faftion,  not  only  of  the  fupreme 
power  which  was  in  his  anceftors,  but 
even  of  all  adminiftration  of  the  Com- 
jnonwealth,  did  hereby  obtain  the  fame 
R  3  dignity, 


24^      Bp.  Parkers  History 

dignity,  and  indeed  much  greater,  than 
his  fore-fathers  had  enjoyed  before  him. 
William  the  Second,  the  father  of 
this  Prince,  died  an  untimely  death,  in 
1650,  being  but  four  and  twenty  years 
of  age,  not  without  iiifpicion  of  poi- 
fon. For  when  the  republican  faction 
in  the  Province  of  Holland,  began  to 
fet  afide  his  authority,  he  furpriz'd  the 
city  of  Amflerdam,  at  the  end  of  July, 
and  call  the  principal  Confpirators  into 
a  prifon  call'd  Loveftein,  (whence,  af- 
terwards, the  faction  took  its  name)  and 
loon  after,  at  the  beginning  of  October, 
died  of  the  fmall-pox.  Whether  he 
died  by  poifon,  or  a  natural  death,  I 
mall  not  prefume  to  determine,  fincc 
for  the  moft  part  poifon  is  too  rafhly 
affigned  upon  the  death  of  Princes. 
The  Confpirators  being  rcftor'd  to  liber- 
ty by  his  death,  fince  they  had  no  one 
to  oppofe  their  defigns,  haftned  to  bring 
their  counfels  to  an  iffuc.  Now  the 
Prince  died  when  his  wife  was  big  with 
child,  whom  altho*  fhe  was  dcliver'd  of 
a  ion,  yet  they  were  refolvcd  by  any 
4  means 


Of  his   own   Time.  247 

means  to  accomplish  whatever  they  dc- 
fign'd  before  he  fhould  grow  up,  and 
much  more  before  he  came  to  matu- 
rity. The  firft  ftcp  that  was  taken  while 
the  child  was  in  fwadling  clothes,  was 
entrins  into  an  alliance  with  Crom- 
well,  chiefly  upon  this  condition,  That 
the  Prince  of  Orange  fhould  not  be  rc- 
ftor'd  to  the  dignity  of  his  Anccftors ; 
and  immediately,  by  a  decree  of  the 
States,  the  title  of  Highnefs  was  taken 
from  him.  Then  the  military  enfigns 
and  trophies  which  were  taken  by  his 
predeccfibrs  from  the  enemy  in  battle, 
and  hung  up  in  publick  places  in  their 
cities,  were  every  where  rcmov'd,  that 
no  monument  might  remain  of  the  rc- 
nown  of  the  houle  of  Orange.  But 
the  King  of  Great  Britain  pa  fling  thro3 
Holland  to  his  paternal  dominions,  in 
1660,  earneflly  interceded  with  the 
States  for  his  nephew,  that  he  might 
enjoy  the  fame  titles  and  honours  which 
his  anceftors  had  born.  They  feemingly 
granted  it,  and  promis'd  that  they  would 
confer  them  upon  him  as  foon  as  he 
11  4.  fhould 


2.48      Bp.  Parker's  History 

fhould  attain  to  the  fifteenth  year  of  his 
as;c.  The  mother  of  the  Prince  2;oiii2: 
with  her  brothers  into  her  native  coun- 
try, committed  the  care  and  education 
of  her  fon  to  John  de  Witsy  that  (he 
might  by  this  means  oblige  the  princi- 
pal man  of  the  faction,  in  the  glory 
and  honour  of  fo  great  a  truft.  In 
the  year  1666,  there  was  a  war  between 
the  "Dutch  and  the  Bifhop  of  Miinfter ; 
whereupon  there  arofe  a  difpute  con- 
cerning the  appointment  of  a  General. 
The  other  Provinces  (efpecially  Zealand, 
which  always  fhew'd  inviolable  fidelity 
and  fleadinefs  to  the  houfe  of  Orange) 
chofe  the  Prince,  being  now  fixtecn  years 
old,  tho'  not  into  the  command,  yet  in- 
to the  honour  and  title  of  General. 
The  Province  of  Holland  alone  oppos'd 
it  5  which  being  more  powerful  than  all 
the  reft,  would  have  the  command  of 
the  army  given  to  Turenne,  a  very  emi- 
nent General  indeed,  but  a  foreigner. 
Aug.  The  following  year  being  far  advane'd, 

when  the  Prince  was  near  the  age  of 
eighteen,  they  published  an  EdicT:,  which 

they 


Of  his  own  Time.  ms> 

they  call'd  perpetual,  to  abrogate  and 
annul  the  offices  of  the  family  of  O- 
range.     Thefc  were  three  : 

The  fuprcmc  government  in  the  com- 
monwealth, and  the  chief  commands 
in  war,  both  by  lea  and  land,  during 
life. 

Thefc  they  determined  mould  be  con- 
ferred only  at  the  plcafure  of  the  States, 
and  given  to  no  one  for  life ;  neither 
fhould  they  be  all  inverted  in  one,  but 
each  of  them  divided  between  fcveral 
perfons. 

The  Decree  was  enforced  by  an  oath; 
neither  was  any  one  admitted  into  the 
publick    adminiftration,    before    he  had 
oblig'd  himfclf  by  oath  to  be  obedient 
to   it.     By  which  one  law,    they   took 
away  all  the  authority  of  the  houfc  of 
Orange  for  ever.     The  people  being  cn- 
rag'd  at  fo  great  an  indignity,  oblig'd  them 
to  allow  the  Prince  a  feat  in  their  general 
Affcmblies  j  however,  they  bound  him  al- 
fo  by  the   fame  oath.     Zealayid  relent-  Septcmb. 
ing  this  infolencc,  which  the  Hollanders  l668, 
bad  offered  to  fo  great  a  man,  volunta- 
rily 


z$o      Bp.  Parker's  History 

rily  gave  him  the  highcft  feat  of  ho- 
nour and  precedency  amongft  the  Nobi- 
lity of  that  Province  ;  which  dignity 
being  conferr'd  upon  him,  he  obtain'd 
the  chief  power,  both  in  that  Province, 
and  in  the  general  Affcmbly  of  the  States. 
It  happen'd  afterwards,  in  1672,  that 
the  Moil  Chriftian  King  marching  into 
the  borders  of  the  United  Provinces,  had 
fuddenly,  and  even  beyond  his  expecta- 
tion, penetrated  into  the  very  bowels 
of  their  country  :  For  he  took  in  a  few 
days  thofe  cities  which  the  Ttutch  with 
difficulty  had  taken  from  the  Spaniard 
by  fieges  of  feveral  years.  He  was  a- 
ftonifli'd  at  his  own  conqucfts,  hardly 
belicv'd  what  he  had  done,  neither  did 
he  feem  to  be  come  to  engage  with  an 
enemy,  but  to  take  quiet  poflcflion  of 
the  land.  Nor  indeed  was  it  much  to 
be  wondred  at ;  for  the  raifing  of  forces 
was  delayed  by  the  Confpirators  (who 
at  that  time  had  the  adminiftration  of 
affairs)  left  the  chief  command  of  the 
army  mould  fall  to  the  Prince  of  Orange. 
Then  they  fo  long  trifled  with  the  French 

Kins 


Of  his  own  Time.'  2,51 

King  about  a  peace,  that  he,  at  length, 
deipifing  all  conditions,  fuddcnly  made 
an  irruption  into  their  country  with  a 
vail  army,  before  they  could  poflibly  be 
prcpar'd  for  war.  Their  fortifications 
were  broken  and  decay'd  in  a  long 
peace  ;  their  magazines  were  very  ill 
ftored  ;  their  foldiers  undifciplind  and 
unexperiene'd,  and  unaccuftom'd  to  all 
military  cxercifc  ;  nor  was  the  number  of 
men  fufficicnt  for  the  pofts  which  they 
were  appointed  to  maintain. 

It  now  happen'd  moft  unfortunately 
to  the  'Dutch,  that  they  were  at  the  fame 
time  carrying  on  a  war  with  England 
at  lea,  and  had  fent  their  beft  forces  a- 
board  their  fleet,  being  much  more  am- 
bitious of  dominion  at  fea,  than  at  land. 
But  the  greatefl:  piece  of  ill  conduit  was 
that  there  was  no  General  to  command 
their  army  ;  therefore  every  thing  was 
done  confufedly,  without  order,  and 
without  counfel.  The  other  Provinces, 
which  were  very  much  alarm'd  at  thefc 
proceedings,  defir'd  the  Prince  of  Orange 
for  their  General.  Holland  alone  op- 
posed 


2ji      Bp.  Parker's  History 

pos'd  it  a  long  time  5  but  at  length  be- 
ing over-power'd  by  numbers,  admitted 
him  into  the  honour  of  that  command, 
under  four  tutors,  chofen  out  of  them- 
felves,  in  whom  all  the  authority  and 
conduft  of  carrying  on  the  war  was  to 
be  lodg'd.  The  Prince  accepted  the 
command,  fuch  as  it  was,  and  prefently 
went  to  the  army  :  And  a  mufter  being 
taken,  there  were  not  above  feventeen 
thoufand  foldiers :  At  which  time  the 
city  JVefel  was  clofely  befieg'd  by  the 
French.  The  Governour  defir'd  a  re- 
inforcement from  the  new  General ; 
whereupon  he  referr'd  the  matter  to  his 
tutors.  They  were  unexperienced  in  mi- 
litary affairs  ;  nor  did  they  prefumc  to 
do  any  thing  rafhly  of  themfclvcs ;  there- 
fore they  fent  to  confult  with  the  States. 
In  the  mean  while  the  city  was  taken. 

Thus  when  in  three  months  fpace  the 
French  King  had  taken  all  the  fortrefles 
upon  the  borders,  and  was  ready  to  in- 
vade their  inland  and  lefs  fortified  places, 
the  Hollanders  commanded  the  army  to 
countermarch,    to  the  defence  of  their 

own 


Of    his  own  Time. 

own  Province  ;  as  if  they  defpair'd  of 
the  reft,  or  were  not  follicitous  what 
became  of  them.  In  thefe  calamities 
of  their  country,  tumults  were  rais'd  as 
ufual :  There  was  a  great  concourfc  of 
people  feigning  ftrange  and  groundlefs 
apprehenfions,  women  frantick  in  their 
wailings,  the  married  women  running 
out  into  the  ftrects  in  the  utmoft  defpair, 
and  lifting  their  hands  up  to  Heaven  j 
and  in  fhort,  a  general  clamour  and  in- 
dignation asainft  the  Ma<nftrates,  who 
had  manag'd  affairs  with  fo  much  re- 
miffnefs  and  inactivity.  Amongft  thefe, 
the  T)e  JVits  furTer'd  chiefly,  who  had 
long  ufurp'd  the  whole  adminiftration 
of  affairs  5  efpecially  John,  the  elded, 
who  had  exercifed  a  di&atorial  power, 
and  principally  propofed  to  himfclf 
thefe  four  things  :  Firft,  that  Eng- 
land mould  be  fo  driven  from  the 
feas,  that  hereafter  fhe  mould  not  give 
laws  to  the  'Dutch,  but  receive  laws 
from  them.  Secondly,  that  the  family 
of  Orange  mould  be  diverted  of  all 
power.  Thirdly,  that  the  Province  of 
4  Holland 


55 


154      Bp."  Parker's  History 

Holland  fhould  rule  over  the  other  U- 
nited  Provinces.  And  laftly,  that  he 
fhould  difpofe  of  every  thing  in  Holland 
at  his  pleafurc.  And  hence  he  was 
call'd,  ironically,  the  King  of  Holland, 
And  whereas  he  had  firft  rcfolv'd  that 
England  fhould  be  deftroy'd,  the  wars 
at  fea  againft  the  EngliJJo  in  1665,  and 
1666,  were  chiefly  carried  on  by  his 
advice :  It  was  alfo  by  his  contrivance 
and  management,  that  the  robbery  at 
Chatham,  in  the  following  year,  was 
committed.  Nor  would  he  treat  of 
peace  with  the  Englifh,  till  the  French 
King  having  conquer'd  the  Provinces  of 
Flanders,  began  to  threaten  the  'Dutch. 
But  the  ftorm  being  blown  over,  he 
thought  of  nothing  but  deftroyingZ?#£- 
land.  Therefore  he  fecretly  folicited 
the  Moll  Chriftian  King,  by  his  Embaf- 
fador,  whofe  name  was  Mombas,  that 
they  might  with  joint  forces  invade 
England,  by  an  unexpected  expedition. 
With  which  bafe,  difhonourable  and 
perfidious  propofal,  the  Moil  Chriftian 
King  was  fo  provok'd,  that  he  difcover'd 

the 


Of  his  own  Time;  255 

the  whole  affair  to  the  King  of  Eng- 
land. This  was  the  beginning  of  the 
alliance  between  the  two  Kings,  when 
in  1672,  one  attack'd  the  "Dutch  by  fea, 
the  other  by  land.  By  which  war  the 
reign  of  the  T>e  IVitfes  was  brought  to 
an  end.  For  the  people  being  daily  in- 
cenfed  by  the  frequent  victories  of  the 
French  King,  caft  all  the  blame  upon 
thofc  brothers.  Firft  of  all,  four  young 
men,  rafhly  brave,  confpir'd  to  affaffi- 
nate  John  "De  JVits  s  and  on  the  zift  of 
June,  at  eleven  of  the  clock  at  night, 
they  let  upon  him,  in  his  return  from 
council,  and  gave  him  fo  many  wounds, 
that,  as  if  they  had  done  their  work, 
every  one  began  to  fhift  for  himfelf. 
Three  of  them  cfcap'd  5  the  fourth, 
whofe  name  was  James  de  Graefy  be- 
ing taken,  and  beheaded,  bore  his  pu- 
nifhment  with  great  bravery  and  mag- 
nanimity. However  T)e  JVitsy  tho'  much 
wounded,  was  not  kill'd,  but  recover'd, 
not  without  great  difficulty.  About  the 
fame  time  there  was  another  confpira- 
cy  form'd  againft  his  brother  Cornelius. 

William 


zjd       Bp.  Parker's  History 

William  Ticklaer,  a  chirurgcon,  a  man 
foirnerly  the  raoft  feditious  of  the  fac- 
tion, either  of  his  own  accord,  or  be- 
ing hired,  made  a  difcovery  to  the 
Prince  of  Orange's  prime  minifter,  that 
Cornelius  had  hired  him,  by  the  promife 
of  great  rewards,  to  kill  the  Prince. 
The  man  was  not  only  of  no  reputa- 
tion, but  a  bafe,  clamorous  Fellow. 
Neverthelefs,  fuch  is  the  madnefs  of 
popular  tumults,  and  their  readincfs  to 
fear  every  thing,  that  being  inform'd  a- 
gainft  only  by  this  witnefs,  he  was  hur- 
ried into  prifon  at  the  Hague,  and  be- 
ing indifted  for  this  crime,  he  was  fen- 
tenc'd  to  be  banifli'd.  Notwithftanding, 
the  people  were  enraged  at  the  mild- 
nefs  of  his  punifhment,  and  would  not 
be  fatisfy'd  unlefs  it  were  capital  > 
wherefore,  that  he  might  not  efcape  a- 
live,  they  befet  the  prifon.  John,  by 
chance,  had  vifited  his  brother,  that  he 
might  attend  him  beyond  the  fields  of 
the  town,  towards  the  place  of  his  ba. 
nifhment.  The  tumult  continued  for 
fomc  hours  5  at  length  the  prifon  doors 

were 


Of  his  own   Time.  257 

were  broken  open,  the  inhabitants  of 
the  town  went  up  into  the  chamber, 
and  dragged  them  headlong  down  flairs, 
kicking  them  as  they  fell  5  and  having 
brought  them  into  the  ftrcet,  gave  them 
a  thoufand  wounds.  Nor  was  the  mean- 
fpirited  revenge  of  the  populace  fatisficd 
with  their  death,  for  they  thought  it 
not  fuiRcient,  unlefs  they  cxpofed  them 
to  contempt  and  ridicule.  They  hung 
their  naked  carcafes  upon  a  gibbet,  and 
then  tore  their  limbs  in  pieces,  which 
were  fold  for  no  fmall  price  $  then  tak- 
ing out  their  bowels,  they  ftretched  them 
out  with  flicks  acrofs  their  backs,  in- 
fertcd  on  each  fide  as  butchers  ufe  to 
drefs  their  cattle,  and  kept  them  open  in 
this  entended  pofture.  There  were  fomc 
that  devour'd  pieces  of  their  flefh  roaft- 
ed  in  the  fire  5  and  it  is  reported  that 
a  certain  citizen  fhatch'd  one  of  their 
hearts,  and  feafoning  it  with  fait,  made 
an  entertainment  of  it  for  his  friends. 
Thus  they  made  a  favage  feaft  of  thefe 
brothers,  whom  they  had  worfhip'd  as 
gods  for  fomc  years  ;  not  thro'  revenge 
S  (for 


258      Bp.  Parker's  History 

(for  that  is  a  generous  vice,  and  feems 
to  carry  fomewhat  great  in  it)  but  for 
the  fake  of  diverfion  and  mockery. 

But  as  the  populace  is  naturally  fond 
of  change,  whether  it  be  right  or  wrong, 
fo  it  often  happens  that  even  tumults 
bring  about  a  change  for  the  better. 
Thus  when  their  paffion,  or  rather  the 
wantonnefs  of  their  barbarity,  was  fa- 
ti'sfy'd  upon  thefe  traitors,  thefe  enragd 
zealots  at  length  fhew'd  their  regard  to 
the  Prince  of  Orange,  thrcatning  not  to 
be  quiet  till  he  was  advane'd  to  the 
power  and  authority  of  his  anceftors. 
The  firft  effort  was  made  in  the  city  of 
T>ort,  which  city,  as  it  had  been  the 
moil  inveterate  againft  the  family  of 
Orangey  fo  it  firft  exerted  it  fclf  in  his 
behalf,  and  required  that  the  Prince 
mould  be  the  chief  Governour,  alfo  that 
the  perpetual  Edift  mould  be  cancelled. 

Harlem  follow'd  next,  then  Ttelft, 
afterwards  Leiden,  then  Amflerdam  and 
Rotterdam,  the  grcatcft  cities  in  the 
Province.  The  States  themiclvcs  were 
at  laft  compelled  by  thefe  to  repeal  the 

perpetual 


Of  his   own  Time.  259 

perpetual  Edict,  and  to  make  another 
for  reftoring  the  Prince  to  his  ancient 
dignity;  alfo  rcpofmg  in  him  a  power 
of  removing  what  magiftrates  he  pleas'd 
from  their  office.  Thus  at  length  the 
tumults  were  with  difficulty  compos'd 
in  the  feveral  cities,  and  the  fupreme 
power  was  given  to  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
not  only  for  life,  as  before,  but  for  his 
poftcrity,  by  hereditary  right.  Thus  the 
Prince,  at  the  end  of  this  war,  was  the 
greateft  Conqueror,  except  the  French 
King.  May  he  long  enjoy  the  Govern- 
ment which  he  won  by  fo  many  bat- 
tles and  dangers! 

Befides  thefe  {laughters  and  devaluati- 
ons of  war  in  the  European  Nations, 
which  arofe  from  the  breach  of  the  tri- 
ple alliance,  there  were  alfo  other 
very  grievous  calamities  which  hap- 
pen'd,  and  chiefly  thefe  three  :  The  in- 
curfion  of  the  Turks  and  Tartars  into 
^Poland y  the  rebellion  of  MeJJina  againft 
the  Spaniard -•>  and  the  rebellion  of  Hun- 
gary againft  the  Emperor;  each  of  them 
to  the  great  hazard  of  the  Chriftian  world. 

S  2  lirft 


z6o      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Firft  of  all,  when  the  Barbarians  found 
almoft  all  the  Chriftian  Kings  involv'd 
in  wars  with  each  other,  they  thought 
it  no  improper  time  to  invade  ^Poland, 
which,  as  it  had  flood  for  many  ages  as 
a  barrier  againft  their  attempts,  fo  it 
being  once  conquer'd,  there  would  be 
an  eafy  paflage  open'd  into  the  Europe- 
an world.  At  this  time  every  thing 
there  lay  in  a  defenfelefs  condition :  The 
King  was  weak,  and  unequal  to  the  af- 
fairs of  government ;  the  Nobility  di- 
vided into  fa&ions  5  the  Treafury  emp- 
ty j  and  laftly,  no  profpeft  of  afliftance 
from  other  nations  5  yet  every  thing 
was  fupplied  by  the  condud,  fortune, 
bravery  and  courage  of  the  great  Sobieski> 
General  of  the  Army.  It  had  happened 
(if  I  may  be  allowed  to  go  a  little  back 
to  relate  the  aftions  of  fo  great  a  man) 
that  in  1667,  the  Tartars,  with  the  Cof 
facksy  entring  the  borders  of  the  King- 
dom with  a  prodigious  army,  laid  every 
thing  wafte,  utterly  depopulating  the 
country,  and  burning  the  cities  and  vil- 
lages, according  to  the  cuftom  of  thofc 

barbarous 


O  f  his  own  Tim  e.  i6t 

barbarous  nations :  Sobieski  met  them 
with  a  handful  of  men  ;  but  was  im- 
mediately furrounded  by  the  multitude 
of  the  enemies,  cut  off  from  provifi- 
ons,  and  befieg'd  at  once  both  by  the 
enemy,  and  by  famine.  There  were  no 
hopes  in  flight,  almoft  none  in  a  battle, 
hardly  any  in  valour  itfelf ;  yet  this  man, 
of  an  invincible  courage  and  bravery, 
advancing  in  his  ufual  manner  at  the 
head  of  his  troops,  broke  in  upon  the 
enemy  with  fuch  force,  that  their  ranks 
being  immediately  diforder'd,  he  routed 
them  with  very  great  lofs;  by  which 
he  ftruck  fuch  terror  upon  the  van- 
quinYd,  that  they  prefently  fued  for 
peace  with  him  upon  terms  very  honour- 
able to  ^Poland.  In  1672,  the  reft  of 
Europe  being  inflanVd  with  wars,  the 
Turks  on  a  fudden  enter'd  the  borders 
of  'Poland,  and  in  twelve  days  took  by 
furrender  the  city  Caminieck,  the  metro- 
polis and  capital  city  of  upper  Todoliay 
that  had  been  often  attempted  by  them 
before,  but  never  taken.  At  this  time 
the  great  General  Sobieski  was  engaged 
S3  in 


2£i      Bp.  Parkers  History 

in  an  expedition  againft  the  Tartar s,  (a 
people  regardlefs  of  their  treaties,)  whom 
he  repuls'd  with  great  (laughter,  there 
being  twelve  thoufand  of  the  enemy 
kill'd  upon  the  field  of  battle.  In  the 
mean  time,  before  he  return'd,  Mi- 
chael King  of  Poland,  made  a  peace 
with  the  Turk  and  the  Tartar,  upon  the 
bafeft  and  moft  ignominious  terms :  For 
he  made  himfelf  tributary  to  both,  pay-r 
ing  them  a  yearly  acknowledgment,  and 
deliverd  up  a  great  part  of  Ukram,  and 
all  'Podolia,  to  the  enemy.  When  this 
was  told  to  Sobieski,  he  was  highly  pro- 
voked at  it,  and  with  all  poflible  dis- 
patch brought  his  army  near  to  the 
court  of  this  timorous  Prince,  and  de- 
fir 'd  in  the  Diet,  that  the  bafe  and  dis- 
honourable peace  might  be  cancell'd, 
faying  that  it  was  not  to  be  fuffcr'd, 
that  the  majefty  of  that  invincible  King- 
dom fhould  be  tributary  to  any  one, 
and  cfpccially  to  the  enemies  of  the 
Chriftian  vorld.  And  that,  if  the  States 
of  the  kingdom  would  but  furnifh  him 
with  an   army  of   fixty  thoufand  men, 

he 


Of  his  own   Time.  161 

• 

he  would  drive  both  the  Barbarians  out 
of  all  the  Toliflf  territories.  In  the 
mean  while,  he  march'd  with  a  fmall 
army  to  the  borders,  and  when  he  was 
inform'd  that  the  enemy's  army,  con- 
futing of  forty  thoufand  men,  had  en- 
camped on  the  other  fide  of  the  river 
BoryfiheneSy  and  that  another  larger  ar- 
my would  prefently  come  out  of  AJia> 
he  pafs'd  the  river  with  all  expedition, 
and  fell  upon  the  enemy  in  their  camp. 
The  fight  was  a  long  time  very  hot  and 
doubtful,  by  reafon  of  the  inequality 
of  forces,  but  at  length,  the  enemy  was 
routed,  and  almoft  entirely  cut  off,  for 
they  that  were  not  kill'd  by  the  fword, 
perihYd  in  the  river.  Nor  of  forty 
thoufand  men,  did  above  five  thoufand 
furvive  the  fury  of  this  battle.  By  which 
one  vi&ory,  he  conquer'd  both  armies  : 
For  the  other,  which  was  on  their 
march  from  Afia>  hearing  of  this  fignal 
defeat,  rctir'd  in  great  confternation. 
In.  the  very  moment  of  the  victory, 
news  was  brought  of  the  death  of  Mi- 
chael King  of  ^Poland,   as  a  reward  of 

S  4  his 


16^      Bp.  Parker's  History 

his  bravery,  anpi  an  omen  of  his  fupe- 
rior  fortune,  when  by  this  one  piece 
of  fervice  to  his  country  he  had  deferv'd 
a  crown.  So  in  the  month  of  May, 
in  the  following  year,  and  in  the  fifty 
firft  of  his  a2:c,  he  was  eleclcd  Kins;  in 
the  Diet  of  the  Kingdom  $  as  foon  as 
this  was  over,  not  waiting  for  the  fo- 
lemnity  of  a  coronation,  he  prepared 
to  return  towards  the  enemy.  But  the 
Nobles  and  Senators,  tho'  they  had  pro- 
mis'd  an  army  of  fixty  thoufand  men, 
were  ib  divided  into  factions,  that  they 
brousht  nothing  to  an  ifluc.  He  march- 
cd  with  an  army  of  fix  teen  thoufand 
men  towards  the  borders,  to  meet  the 
enemy.  But  that  winter  no  enemy  ap- 
pearing, he  recover'd  mod  of  the  ci- 
ties of  Ukrain  and  Todolia,  that  were 
yielded  to  the  Barbarians  by  the  iaft 
peace. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  following 
year,  the  enemy  invaded  the  borders 
with  an  army  of  two  hundred  thoufand 
men;  and  firft  attack'd  Slucek  with  fixty 
thoufand,  but  being  rcpuls'd  with  great 
3  {laughter, 


Of  his  own  Time.  ^5 

{laughter,  march'd  away  towards  Lem- 
burgh->  into  which  city  the  King  had 
brought  his  Queen  and  his  children,  to 
keep  up  the  courage  and  fpirit  of  the 
people.  The  King  pitch'd  his  camp  in 
a  convenient  poft,  a  mile  from  the  town? 
and  laid  an  ambufh  in  the  woods  and 
the  thickets,  omitting  nothing  that  be- 
longed to  the  condud  of  a  prudent  and 
skilful  Commander.  He  had  not  above 
four  thoufand  men  in  the  field.  With 
thefe  he  waits  for  the  advances  of  the 
enemy ;  who  coming  up,  he  exhorts  the 
foldiers  either  to  conquer  with  him  or 
die;  and  prefently  the  fignal  being 
given,  and  invoking  the  name  of  Jefus 
three  times,  he  led  them  on.  The 
Barbarians  being  aftonifh'd,  partly  at  the 
fury  and  warmth  of  their  fighting,  and 
partly  with  the  furprize  of  thofe  that 
fallicd  out  of  the  woods  from  their  am- 
bufh, that  altho'  at  the  firft  onfet  they 
fought  bravely,  yet  they  were  fo  bro- 
ken, not  only  in  the  front,  but  on  each 
flank,  that  many  thoufands  being  (lain, 
they  were  entirely  routed,  flying  in  great 

diforders 


z66      Bp.  Parker's  History 

difordcr ;  nor  did  they  make  a  ftand, 
till  they  were  rctir'd  into  their  camp. 
Some  days  after,  forces  came  out  of 
the  Dukedom  of  Lithuania  to  Lem- 
burgh.  The  King  follows  the  enemy 
with  the  longeft  marches  that  could  be 
taken,  with  an  army  of  fifteen  thoufand 
men,  having  left  the  reft  to  garrifon 
the  cities.  In  the  mean  time,  the  ene- 
my had  befieg'd  the  city  Buckzaes :  But 
news  being  brought  of  the  King's  ap- 
proaching, they  fuddenly  rais'd  the  fiege, 
and  retired  to  Trembowi,  and  fat  down 
before  it.  The  King,  by  letters,  pro- 
mis'd  the  Governour,  that  he  would 
fpcedily  come  to  his  relief.  The  mef- 
fenger  being  taken,  the  letters  were  in- 
tercepted 5  upon  reading  of  which, 
fo  great  a  terror  ran  through  the  camp, 
that  immediately  departing  in  great  dif- 
order,  by  a  march  like  a  flight,  the  Tar- 
tars  guarding  them  on  one  fide,  they 
rctir'd  towards  Caminieck.  In  their  firft 
flight  they  went  fifteen  leagues ;  nor 
did  they  think  thcmfelves  fafc,  till  they 
had  encamped  within   the  fortifications 

of 


Of  his  own  Time.  267 

of  Caminieck,  and  within  cannon-fhot. 
Nor  did  the  King  leave  his  purfuit  5  but 
with  great  marches  haftened  towards 
Caminieck.  When  the  Turks  heard  this, 
they  left  a  very  ftrong  garrifon  in  the 
town,  and  marched  their  affrighted  ar- 
my over  the  Boryfthenes.  The  King  of 
^Poland  following  their  rear,  kill'd  a 
great  number  of  them.  But  the  Turks 
fled,  by  an  unwearied  march,  night  and 
day;  nor  did  they  halt,  till  they  had 
paiVd  the  ^Danube.  The  King  took  a 
bridge  over  the  Boryfthenes,  which  was 
built  by  the  enemy,  and  five  hundred 
carriages  laden  with  money,  all  forts  of 
furniture,  and  corn;  which  he  gave  as 
plunder  to  his  foldiers.  This  campaign 
being  fo  happily  ended,  the  King  brought 
back  his  army  into  winter-quarters; 
tho'  indeed  this  may  not  feem  to  be  fo 
properly  a  war,  as  a  chafe.  It  was  in- 
deed a  thing  fcarce  ever  heard  of,  that 
a  fmall  body  of  four  thoufand  men, 
mould  put  to  flight  an  army  of  fixty 
thoufand ;  and  that  fixteen  thoufand 
mould  drive  a  hundred  and  fifty  thou- 
fand 


i62      Bp.  Parker's  History 

fand  before  them,  like  a  flock  of  fear- 
ful fheep,  fhould  force  them  alfo  to  raife 
two  great  fieges,  and  put  them  to  a  pre- 
cipitate flight,  only  by  the  terror  of 
their  arms.  I  do  not  remember  that 
fuch  an  enterprize  was  ever  perform'd 
by  thofe  antient  Generals  whom  Greece 
reverene'd,  and  Rome  admir'd. 
1676.  In  the  beginning  of  the  following 
fpring,  the  folemnity  of  the  Coronation 
was  perform'd.  In  the  midft  of  the 
fummer,  the  Turks  and  Tartars  enter'd 
the  borders  with  vaft  numbers.  The 
King  met  them  with  a  fmall  army,  dc- 
fpifing  the  enemy  whom  he  had  fo  of- 
ten beaten ;  and  as  foon  as  he  came  up 
with  them,  he  put  a  hundred  and  fifty 
thoufand  men  to  flight,  with  prodigious 
{laughter.  ThcTurks  now  broken  with 
fo  many  defeats,  fent  Minifters  to  treat 
of  peace.  The  King  granted  it  upon 
thefe  honourable  terms :  Firft,  that  the 
laft  treaty  made  with  King  MichaeU 
fhould  be  voided  and  annull'd.  Second- 
ly, that  Ukrain  and  all  Todolia,  except- 
ing Cawiniecky  fhould  be  reftor'd  to  the 

Toles. 


Of    his  own  Time.  169 

Poles  Thirdly,  that  the  prifoncrs  fhould 
be  exchang'd.  Fourthly,  that  the  Chris- 
tian Religion  fnould  be  freely  exercis'd 
in  til  the  places  which  the  Turks  ob- 
tain^ :^y  this  treaty.  Fifthly,  that  the 
Turks  '  i  -»uld  give  up  all  their  right  to 
the  tribute  due  by  virtue  of  the  laft 
agreement.  Sixthly,  that  there  fhould 
be  a  defenftve  league  between  them  a- 
gainft  the  enemies  of  both.  Laftly, 
that  the  holy  fepulchre  mould  be  rcftor'd 
into  the  cuftody  of  the  Chriftians. 

Never  did  the  Pole  agree  upon  better 
terms  with  the  Turk  $  peace  being  fet- 
tled at  home.  Some  years  after,  (1679) 
as  foon  as  the  King  of  "Poland  obferv'd 
that  the  wars  between  the  Chriftians 
were  ended,  he  fent  Embafladors  to  all 
the  Kings  in  Europey  to  folicit  them  to 
enter  into  an  alliance  againft  the  com- 
mon enemy  of  Chriftianity.  He  was 
inflam'd  with  that  innate  hatred  againft 
the  Infidels,  and  that  ardent  zeal  for  the 
Chriftian  faith,  that  he  was  as  it  were 
fent  into  the  world  on  purpofe  to  refcue 
Europe  from  the  foul  and  fhameful  ty- 
ranny 


2,70      Bp.  Parker's  History 

ranny  of  the  Infidels.  What  was  con- 
fulted  or  done  by  his  Embafladors,  I 
have  not  heard.  However,  nothing 
came  to  an  iflue,  (by  whofe  ambition 
and  treachery  it  was  chiefly  prevented,  I 
mall  not  fay)  till  the  Turk,  by  a  furious 
inroad  into  Hungary,  threatning  Com- 
mon danger  to  mod  of  them,  made 
that  union  amongft  them,  which  the 
T }ok  could  not.  King  Sobieski,  as  if  he 
rejoiced  at  the  opportunity,  entred  into 
the  war  with  more  than  ufual  alacrity. 
But  what,  and  how  great  things  he  per- 
form'd  in  that  war,  mail  be  plainly  re- 
lated in  the  account  of  Tekcli's  war, 
in  which  he  had  the  greateft  fhare  in  the 
conquefts  :  Nor  did  he  more  fubdue 
the  enemy  by  his  bravery,  than  by  the 
terror  that  he  (truck  into  them  :  For 
when  they  were  acquainted  that  he 
would  be  Captain-General,  they  trembled 
at  his  name :  In  whatfoevcr  part  of  the 
army  he  engaged,  they  could  not  bear 
his  countenance,  and  the  piercing  marp- 
nefs  of  his  eyes.  He  put  them  to  flight 
barely  by  his  prefence  5  fo  that  he  la- 
mented 


Op  his  own  Time.  2.71 

merited  this  alone  with  the  other  Ge- 
nerals, that  after  fuch  long  and  tedious 
marches,  they  obtain'd  fo  eafy  a  victory 
over  the  enemy.  But  from  that  time, 
the  courage  of  the  Infidels  funk  fo  much, 
that  (I  hope)  henceforward  it  will  prove 
a  matter  of  no  great  difficulty  to  beat 
them.  The  Ottoman  Empire  was  ne- 
ver fo  near  to  deftru&ion  before.  If 
the  Chriftian  war  goes  on  with  the 
fame  fuccefs  this  year  (1 636)  as  it  did 
the  laft,  we  may  hope  that,  the  weight 
of  this  great  Empire  being  once  fhaken, 
the  Turkijb  impiety  will  be  driven  out 
of  Europe,  and  fink  under  its  own. 
ruins. 

Thefe  tranfattions  in  ^Poland  proceed- 
ed from  the  breach  of  the  triple  alli- 
ance. In  Sicily,  from  the  fame  caufe, 
arofe  a  rebellion  which  fwept  away 
prodigious  numbers,  with  dreadful 
(laughters :  For  the  Spaniard  being  en- 
gaged in  wars,  both  in  Flanders  and 
Catalonia,  which  did  not  fucceed  very 
well,  the  city  of  Meffina,  of  the  greateft 
authority  in  the  idand,  fortified  with 
3  four 


zjz      Bp.  Parker's  History 

four  caftles,  and  fourteen  forts,  fituated 
upon  the  fea-coafts,  a  great  mart,  with 
a  capacious  haven,  wealthy  in  fhips  and 
commerce,  either  from  domeftick  fac- 
tions, or  being  folicited  from  abroad, 
fuddenly  revolted  from  him.  The  con- 
fpiracy  firft  broke  out  in  the  month  of 
Auguft,  in  1674.  It  was  firft  ftrength- 
ned  and  fupported  by  facrilege  (as  is 
ufual  in  every  rebellion)  the  robbing 
and  fpoiling  the  Churches  of  their  or- 
naments, and  afterwards  followed  by 
murders ;  for  there  was  a  hundred  and 
fixty  perfons  of  noble  families  kill'd^ 
merely  thro'  the  hatred  and  envy  which 
they  bore  to  the  Nobility.  Then  they 
make  all  their  neighbours  tributary,  re- 
quire corn  to  be  brought  in  from  all 
places  within  fixteen  leagues,  and  im- 
port great  quantities  of  warlike  ftores, 
fend  Embaffadors  to  all  the  courts  on 
every  fide,  to  defire  affiftance,  and  tranf- 
aft  every  thing  at  home  and  abroad  as 
if  they  were  a  free  Commonwealth, 
and  entirely  at  their  own  difpofal.  Pre- 
fently   the  French  come   to  their  aid, 

making 


Of  his  own  TimeJ  27$ 

making  a  dcfccnt  upon  the  ifland,  and 
joining  their  forces  with  the  city,  take 
all  the  ftrongeft  caftles.  Eut  being  clofc- 
ly  befieg'd  by  fea  and  land  by  the  Spa- 
niard, they  arc  almoft  deftroy'd  by  fa- 
mine, during  the  whole  winter. 

In  the  following  fpring,    the  French 
arrived  with  a  fleet,  and  great  provifions 
of  corn.     The  Spaniard  challenges  them 
to  fight.     The  French  proving  too  hard 
for    them   in   the    battle,    obtain'd  the 
port,  tho'  with  great  lofs  on  both  fides, 
to  the  great  joy  of  the  inhabitants,  be- 
caufc  they  brought  them  not  only  ftrong 
fuccours,    but  aifo  plenty  of  all  things, 
when  they  were  almoft  famifh'd.     The 
Queen  Mother,    who  at  that  time  go- 
vern'd  Spain,  in  great  indignation  threw 
the  chief  officers  of  the  fleet,   and  the 
Viceroy  of  the  Kingdom,    into  prifon. 
In  the  month  of  March  the  pcftilence 
raged  with  great  violence  in  the  city, 
and  thence  fpread  over  the  ifland,   and 
made  fuch  havock  of    the   forces    on 
both  fides,  that  there  were  not  enough 
left  to  fight  a  battle :   Hence  new  fleets 
T  come 


274     Bp-  Parker's  History 

come  from  each  hand.  The  Spaniard 
defires  afliftance  at  land  from  the  Ger- 
mans, and  at  fea  from  thzTlutch.  The 
Merchants,  a  fort  of  men  that  arc  too 
ftudious  and  greedy  of  gain,  convey'd 
corn  from  all  parts  into  the  rebellious 
city,  becaufe  it  was  fold  there  at  the 
deareft  price ;  which  when  it  was  told 
the  King  of  England,  he  by  Proclama- 
tion forbid  his  fubje&s  having  any  com- 
merce with  the  Rebels  5  declaring  that 
he  would  not  allow  his  fubje&s  to  af- 
fift  foreign  Rebels,  contrary  to  the  law 
of  Nations,  and  the  facred  ties  of  Al- 
liances; and  that  as  far  as  in  him  lay, 
he  would  punifh  thofe  that  gave  them 
afliftance,  in  the  fame  manner  as  if  it 
were  againft  himfelf.  A  Declaration 
worthy  of  a  King!  for  it  is  the  com- 
mon caufe  of  all  Kings,  that  they  fhould 
keep  their  fubjefts  in  their  duty  and  o- 
bedience.  The  troops  on  both  fides  hav- 
ing received  great  re-inforcements,  the 
fummer  was  fpent  in  frequent  battles^ 
and  mutual  fieges,  for  the  moft  part  with 
doubtful  fuccefs,  excepting  that  it  a  lit- 
tle 


O*  Hts   own  Time.  275 

tic  inclin'd  towards  the  French,  for  they 
furpriz'd  and  took  the  city  Augnfta ;  the 
Spanijh  fleet  being  difpers'd  by  a  florin, 
had  all  their  (hips  fhattcr'd,  and  feven 
funk.  At  length,  about  the  end  of  the 
year,  Renter*  by  command  of  the  States, 
comes  with  a  fleet  to  the  aiTifrancc  of 
the  Spaniards.  In  the  beginning  of  the 
following  year,  the  French  arrive,  and 
a  battle  is  begun  :  They  fought  fharply 
on  both  fides,  with  equal  lofs,  except- 
ing that  whereas  the  inhabitants  of  Mef- 
Jina  had  been  diftrcflcd  a  long  time  with 
want  of  provifions,  the  French  brought 
{hips  laden  with  corn  into  the  harbour 
of  the  beficgd  city:  Which  altho'  it 
was  not  to  be  call'd  a  viclory,  yet  it 
was  really  more  advantageous,  becaufe 
by  bringing  plenty  of  corn,  they  freed 
the  city  from  all  the  ftraits  of  a  ficge. 
Renter  went  away,  difguflcd  at  the  Spa- 
niards, but  return'd  a  few  days  after,  by 
order  of  the  States,  and  beiieg'd  the  cky 
at  fea,  while  the  Spaniards  befieg'd  it  at 
land.  There  was  an  engagement  at  fea 
with  the  French »,  in  the  month  of  April* 
T  2  in 


\j6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

in  the  following  year,  which  was  fought 
with  great  {laughter.  Renter  receiving 
many  wounds,  died  of  them  a  little  af* 
ter,  at  Syracufa.  Thus  it  hapned  for- 
tunately to  this  brave  man,  that  by  his 
death  he  fhould  compleat  all  the  glories 
of  his  former  life ;  fmce  afrer  fo  many 
great  and  brave  aftions  in  behalf  of  his 
country,  he  ended  his  life  in  a  juft  war 
againft  rebels.  A  great  part  of  the  Spa- 
nifh  and  'Dutch  fleet  was  deftroy'd  by  an 
unexpected  attack  of  the  French ;  three 
Admirai-fhips,  feven  others,  and  fix 
tranfports,  were  burnt.  The  'Dutch  re- 
turning home,  the  French  landed  upon 
the  ifland,  and  took  many  caftlcs. 
Thus  they  fought  with  various  fortune, 
till  1678,  when  being  fuddenly  recall'd 
by  letters  from  their  King,  they  con- 
vey'd  every  thing  aboard  their  fleet,  pre- 
tending they  had  fome  great  cntcrprize 
to  attempt  with  the  whole  body  of 
their  forces.  Which  being  done,  they 
open'd  their  Kings  commands  to  the 
citizens  :  When  the  Rebels  found  them- 
felves  defcrted  by  their  defenders,  they 

were 


Of  his  own  Time.  277 

were  put  into  as  great  horror  and  con- 
fufion,  as  if  the  city  had  been  taken 
and  fpoil'd  by  the  enemy ;  many  of 
them  embark  in  the  French  fleet,  and 
thefc  are  immediately  puniuYd  with 
perpetual  banimment;  others  being  feiz'd 
with  a  panick  terror,  went  naked  and 
poor  to  Venicey  and  other  iea-ports  of 
Italy:  To  thefe  the  Viceroy,  a  very 
prudent  man,  gave  leave  to  return  to 
their  goods  and  poflcflions.  Thus  after 
a  five  years  war,  in  which  there  was  a 
great  deal  of  blood  fpilt  thro'  the  ifland, 
things  flood  in  the  fame  pofturc  as  be- 
fore. And  there  was  the  fame  caufe  of 
this  fudden  change,  as  of  many  others : 
For  the  French  King  could  not  be  brought 
to  treat  of  peace  in  earncft,  till  the  King 
of  England  did  at  length  this  year  Join 
with  the  Confederates  in  defence  of 
Flanders  5  an  army  of  thirty  thoufand 
men  being  rais'd,  and  a  fleet  of  ninety 
fhips  equipped.  Thefe  were  at  the 
King's  requeft  allowed  of  by  the  Par- 
liament j  and  they  all  engaged  that  they 
would  not  be  wanting  in  granting  taxes, 
T  3  fo 


278      Bp.  Parkers  History 

fo  long  as  the  war  fhould  continue. 
When  the  French  King  was  acquainted 
with  this,  he  became  more  tradable  5 
for  he  now  faw  himfelf  overcome  by 
an  enemy ;  and  he,  who  did  not  fear 
all  Europe  befide,  yielded  to  the  valour 
of  the  Englifh.  Hence,  in  a  fhort  time, 
a  peace  was  made  with  the  TDntch  and 
the  Spaniard \  upon  any  terms :  For  fince 
the  King  of  England  had  entred  into  a 
league  with  them  only,  the  whole  oc- 
cafion  of  the  war  was  taken  off  from 
him.  This  obftacle  being  remov'd,  the 
French  King  (as  I  have  faid)  gave  what 
terms  he  pleas'd  to  the  other  Allies. 
And  notwithftanding  he  had  fent  a  frefh 
army  into  Sicily^  about  the  fame  time 
as  the  Englijh  proclaim'd  war  againft 
him,  which  was  juft  ready  to  execute 
his  commands ;  yet  he  in  a  moment 
gave  up  all  the  advantages  of  his  labour 
and  expence,  after  fo  many  fleets  and 
armies  fent,  fo  much  warlike  ftores  pro- 
vided, and  fo  many  battles  fought,  for 
five  years  together,  at  fea  and  land  : 
For  when  he  found  that  the  Englijh 

were 


Of  his  own  Time.  275) 

were  become  his  enemies,  he  thought 
it  not  fafe  to  venture  his  fleet  far  from 
his  own  ports.  It  is  certain,  that  at 
that  time  the  fate  of  all  Europe  depend- 
ed upon  the  King  of  England  alone  : 
He  gave  peace  or  war  as  he  plcas'd :  As 
long  as  he  was  willing  that  the  triple 
alliance  fhould  continue,  there  was  per- 
fed  peace  and  tranquillity  throughout 
Europe  5  as  foon  as  he  untied  that  knot, 
war  broke  out  on  every  fide;  hardly  a- 
ny  Nation,  except  Britain  only,  was 
free  from  it.  Thus  for  full  fix  years, 
the  French  alone  being  an  equal  match 
for  all  the  reft,  a  war  was  carried  on 
with  infinite  {laughters.  The  King  'of 
England-,  when  he  found  that  other- 
wife  there  would  be  no  end  of  war, 
offer'd  himfelf  as  a  Mediator  and  Arbi- 
trator of  peace.  The  French  King  did 
not  refufe,  but  trifled  away  three  years 
in  making  unrcafonablc  demands  by  his 
Minifters,  and  did  nothing  but  endea- 
vour to  prevent  the  treaties  having  any 
effeft.  The  King  of  England  being 
grown  weary  of  fo  much  delay,  and  in- 
T  &-  deed 


i8o      Bi\  Parker's  History 

deed  of  fo  much  farce  and  mockery, 
threatned  to  proclaim  war,  unlefs  the 
French  King  would  put  an  end  to  it ; 
and  what  he  threatned  he  bravely  put 
in  execution,  tranfporting  a  great  part 
of  his  army  into  Flanders.  When  the 
King  of  France  faw  this,  all  delay  was 
immediately  cut  off,  and  the  peace  which 
had  been  fo  long  deferr'd  by  him,  was 
accepted,  upon  the  hardeft  terms  5  for 
he  reftor'd  all  the  places  which  he  had 
taken  in  the  war. 

The  ifland  of  Great  Britain  is  fo 
conveniently  fituatcd  by  the  favour  of 
nature,  that  it  may  not  only  govern  at 
home,  but  abroad,  if  it  pleafe :  For  fince 
it  abounds  in  frequent  and  convenient 
harbours ;  from  the  number  and  conve- 
nience of  its  harbours,  traffick  and  com- 
merce arife;  and  from  traffick  a  fleet 
of  fhips,  and  a  multitude  of  feamen  5 
and  upon  thefe  depend  the  chief  power 
at  fca :  And  he  that  has  the  dominion 
at  fea,  may  extend  it  as  far  as  he  will, 
and  make  himfelf  Arbitrator  of  peace 
and    war    between    the   neighbouring 

Princes, 


Of  his  own  Time.  281 

Princes.     And  this  dominion  at  fea,  is 
the  lingular  prerogative  of  the  Kings  of 
England  \    which  makes  them  Arbitra- 
tors and  Guardians  of  the  peace  of  Eti- 
rope.     They  have  no  occafion  to  extend 
their  Empire  into  foreign  Nations ;  for 
conquefts  beyond  fca  arc  not  fecurc,  but 
always  a  burden  and  charge  to  the  King- 
dom.    But  the  Lord  of  the  ocean  may 
rule  beyond  the  bounds  of  his  own  do- 
minion,  from  the  riling  to  the  fctting 
of  the  fun.     And  tho'  it  be  not  ncce£ 
fary  to  fubdue  foreign  Nations,    yet  to 
guard  our  neighbours  from  the  invafions 
of  others,  is  truly  a  great  and  moft  be- 
neficial part  of  Empire.     Hence  I  think 
it  more  glorious  to  be  able  to  keep  off 
an  enemy  from  another's  Kingdom,  than 
to  overcome  him  our  felves.     Neither 
do  I  think  it  fo  great  a  merit,  to  have 
fubdued  ten  Kingdoms,    as  to  have  dc- 
liver'd  one  from  opprcflion  and  bondage. 
Thus  the  Kings  of  England  may  exert 
as  it  were  a  divine  benevolence  towards 
mankind  $  for  as  they  have  no  occafion 
to  hurt  any  one,  fo  they  have  it  in  their 

power 


z3i      Bp.  Parker's  History 

power  to  aid  and  relieve  the  diftrefs'd  5 
this  is  a  power,  which  the  whole  world 
cannot  equal  5  nor  is  the  method  of  ex- 
ercifing  it  lefs  admirable >  inafmuch  as 
the  name  of  a  Deliverer  is  far  more 
glorious  than  that  of  a  King. 

The  third  and  greateft  danger  to  the 
Chriftian  world,  proceeded  from  the 
war  in  Hungary.  The  whole  feries  of 
affairs  is  too  long  to  be  related  5  it  will 
be  fufficient  to  fhew  how  it  proceeded 
from  the  fame  fountain,  that  is,  the 
breach  of  the  triple  alliance.  The  Em- 
peror of  Germany  making  war  upon 
France  with  all  the  forces  of  the  Em- 
pire, the  Hungarians  thought  it  a  pro- 
per time  to  retrieve  their  liberties,  and 
therefore  broke  out  into  an  open  war, 
which  they  had  long  defign'd  5  the  Turk 
fecretly  foliciting  them  to  revolt.  The 
pretences  of  the  war  were  Religion  and 
Liberty.  The  Emperor  granted  their  de- 
mands, provided  they  would  lay  down 
their  arms.  But  there  was  fomething 
clfe  which  they  aim'd  at  5  therefore  be- 
ing furnifh'd  by  the  Turks  with  money 
4  and 


Of  his  own  Time.  i8j 

and  auxiliaries,  they  made  havock  on 
every  fide,  with  butchery  and  carnage. 
They  kiird  the  Clergy  like  fheep,  plun- 
dered Noblemens  houfes,  burnt  the 
Churches,  and  ftuck  at  nothing  which 
a  mad  rabble  are  us'd  to  do.  At  length 
in  1678,  they  chofc  Count  Teckeli,  a 
bold  and  haughty  man,  for  their  Gene- 
ral. He  prefently  caft  himfelf  into  the 
prote&ion  of  the  Turk,  promifing  to 
obey  all  his  commands,  and  not  to  ac- 
cept of  peace  from  the  Germans,  with- 
out his  permifllon.  The  Turk  embrae'd 
him  at  firft  with  feeming  modefty,  fend- 
ing an  Embaffador  to  the  Emperor,  de- 
filing that  he  would  grant  his  demands : 
And  he  eafiiy  obtain  d  what  he  dcfir'd. 
Neverthelefs,  he  went  on  fecretly  to  af- 
fift  the  Hungarians.  The  Emperor  com- 
plain'd  that  this  was  contrary  to  the  fo- 
lcmn  agreement  between  the  command- 
ing Officers.  They  denied  it  upon  oath. 
In  the  mean  time,  the  Hungarians  be- 
ing flrengthned  with  great  numbers, 
come  into  the  field,  and  befiege  feveral 
cities  and  caftles,      But  Count  Lejley, 

the 


284  Bp.  Parker's  History 
the  General  of  the  Emperor's  forces  in 
Hungary >  coming  up,  they,  not  daring 
to  truft  to  a  battle,  march'd  from  Pro- 
vince to  Province,  and  in  their  hafty 
march  plundered  cities  and  towns.  In 
the  mean  while  they  fought  for  peace 
by  their  miniftersj  and  they  reported 
to  them  the  terms  that  were  offer'd. 
The  Hungarians  were  divided  into  two 
parties :  One  party,  by  the  advice  of 
Teckeliy  were  willing  to  agree  to  the 
terms  that  were  offered  :  The  other 
thought  that  larger  were  to  be  requir'd, 
Count  Wejfalini  being  their  chief  ad- 
vifer.  His  opinion,  by  agreement,  pre- 
vails. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  following 
fpring,  the  war  was  renew'd.  Peace  be- 
ing made  with  France,  the  forces  of 
the    Empire   were    at   leifure    for  the 

1679,  Hungarian    war.       Two    years     were 

1 6 80.  fpent  between  battles  and  treaties. 
The  Emperor  was  perplexed  with  the 
variety  of  meafures  that  were  to  be  taken  > 
for  the  French  King  again  threatned  to 
invade  the  Empire  $  the  Tok  and  Mofco- 

vite 


Of   his  own  Time,  2.85 

vite  folicited   him  to  enter  into  an  al- 
liance againfl  the  Turks  5    and  the  Turk 
threatned  that  if  he  came  into  that  al- 
liance, he  would  make  an  irruption  in- 
to Hungary  with   all  his  forces.     The 
Emperor  being  thus  attack'd   on  every 
fide,  knew  not  which  way  to  turn  him- 
felf;    and,    which  was  ftill  worfc,    the 
Mofcovite  made  a  league  with  thcTurk. 
Teckeli's  party,    while  they  pretended  a 
defire  of  peace,  refufed  all  overtures  of 
accommodation.     The   infeftion  fprcad 
into  Germany ,  the  fedition  of  the  Boors 
increafing.     All  embaffics  wererendred 
fruitlefs  by  the  Turks >  for  under  the  ap- 
pearance of  Embafladors,  fpies  were  fent 
to  Vienna.     At  length,  after  various  ar- 
tifices,   in  the   year  1681,    the  Rebels 
feem'd  fo  really  and  finccrely  to  treat  of 
peace  by  their  Miniftcrs,    that  the  Em- 
peror fummon'd  a  Diet  of  the  Kingdom 
at  Oedenburgh,  a  city  upon  the  borders 
of  lower  Hungary   and  Auftria.      He 
being  prefent  in  the  aflembly,  in  a  La- 
tin oration  exhorted  them  to  peace,  pro- 
mifing  to  grant  them  very  honourable 
4  terms. 


%%c      Bp.  Parker's  Historv 

terms.  Firft,  they  require  a  Vice-roy  or 
Palatine  of  their  own  countrymen:  Im- 
mediately the  Count  of  Efterhafi  is  in* 
vefted  in  that  dignity.  Teckeli,  with 
his  followers,  that  the  matter  might  come 
to  nothing,  proteft  againft  the  ele&ion, 
and  at  the  fame  time  require  the  mod 
unjuft  terms  of  the  Emperor,  chiefly  that 
it  might  be  lawful  to  pay  an  yearly  tri- 
bute to  the  Turk.  And  it  was  no  won* 
der,  fmce  the  infamous  traytor  had  pri- 
vily made  a  league  with  the  Turk  upon 
that  condition :  Therefore,  without  de- 
lay, they  with  joint  forces  break  forth 
into  open  arms.  About  the  fame  time 
the  French  King  began  to  move  in  Ger- 
many, fuddenly  befieging  and  taking 
Strasburghy  and  the  ftrong  city  of  Cafal, 
the  head  of  Montferat.  By  the  one  a 
paffage  was  opend  into  Aujiria,  by  the 
other  into  Italy ;  by  thefe  means,  the 
fa&ious  in  the  Convention  of  the  States 
were  fo  lifted  up,  that  adding  fome  o- 
ther  terms  of  peace,  which  the  Emperor 
could  not  grant,  they  endcavour'd  that 
the  Convention  fhould  break  up  with- 
out 


Of  his  own  Time.  187 

out  doing  any  thing.     Which  infolcncc 
fo  provok'd  all  good  men,  that  they  im- 
mediately covenanted  to  pay  the  ftri&cft 
obedience  and  fidelity  to  the  Emperor, 
upon  the  terms  offer'd  by  him.     When 
Teckeli  heard  of  this,  he  defir'd  a  truce, 
that  he  alfo  might  treat  of  peace.     The 
matter  was  protra&ed  for  a  long  time, 
till  having  made  a  new  alliance  with  the 
Turk,  he  impos'd  upon  the  credulity  of 
the  Emperor's  Minifters.     In  the  mean 
while  the  Turk  goes  on  to  make  great 
preparations  for  war.     And  the  Empe- 
ror enquiring  for  what  end,  he  anfwer'd, 
by  the  facred  Majefty  of  God,  that  they 
were   not   made    againft:  him.      But  at 
length,  the  Moft  Chriftian  King  himfelf, 
by  his  Embaffador  to  the  Emperor,  laid 
open  the  fecret  of  the  war  that  was  de- 
fign  d   againft  him  ;   that  therefore  he 
would  withdraw  all  his  forces  from  Ger- 
many',  and  fend  him,  if  there  were  oc- 
cafion,  aids  of  thirty  thoufand  men,  up- 
on certain   conditions.      In  the   mean 
while,    Teckeli's  party  did,    during  the 
whole  fummer,  over-run  their  country, 

with 


i88      Bp.  Parker's  History 

with  fword,  flaughter,  plunder  of  cities, 
and  all  the  defolation  and  mifery  of  a 
civil  war.  The  Emperor  was  fo  movd 
at  thefe  miferies  of  Hungaryy  that  by 
his  Embaffador  he  almoft  fupplicated  a 
peace  of  the  Sultan,  but  in  vain ;  the 
Grand  Vizier  (who  had  the  chief  power) 
preparing  with  all  expedition  for  war. 
The  Embaffador,  on  the  other  hand,  in- 
fifts  upon  the  obligations  of  the  league 
made  for  twenty  years.  The  Vizier 
made  anfwer,  that  it' mould  hold  good, 
upon  thefe  terms : 

Provided  the  Emperor  would  pay  to 
the  Turk  the  expences  of  the  warlike 
preparations  that  had  been  made,  and 
alfo  an  yearly  tribute  for  the  future  ;  and 
then  that  the  cities  of  Comorra  and  Raab, 
and  the  Ifle  of  Schutsy  in  the  cDanube> 
mould  be  furrender'd  to  him.  Thefe 
propofals  being  rejected,  war  was  pro- 
claimed, by  hanging  out  the  horfe's  tail> 
as  is  the  cuftom  of  the  Barbarians. 
Hereupon  Teckeli  was  tried  whether  he 
could  be  inclind  to  peace  upon  any 
terms.      He  required  nothing   lefs  for 

himfelf, 


Of  his  own  Time,  iSj? 

himfclf,  than  the  Principality  of  Hun- 
gary,   and   the  fame  vote   as   the  other 
German  Princes  have  in  the  Diet  of  the 
Empire  3    and    that   an    annual    tribute 
fliould  be  paid  to  the  Turk  by  the  Po- 
pifh  Clergy,    and  laftly,    that  the  Turk 
Ihould    be   for  the  prefent  pacified  by 
the  Emperor  with  a  great  fum  of  mo- 
ney.    Thefe  demands  being  alio  reject- 
ed,   there  was  an  agreement  made  be- 
tween Teckeli  and  the  Turk,  to  this  ef- 
fect :  That  Teckeli  Ihould  have  the  right 
of  the  Kingdom  of  Hungary  to  himlelf 
and  his  pofterity  :    That  if  at  any  time 
the  race  of  Teckeli  ihould  fail,  the  power 
of  electing  a  King  mould  be  in  the  Hun- 
garians,  with  the  confent  of  the  Turk: 
That  a  yearly  tribute  of   four  hundred 
thoufand  crowns  fhpuld  be  paid :  That 
all    the  Hungarian  liberties   ihould    be 
always  firm  and  fecure  :  That  the  Turk 
ihould  defend  them  from  all  enemies  : 
That  Teckeli  ihould  never  make  peace 
With  the  Emperor,  without  his  confent : 
That  all  the  J  emits  fhou'd  be  banifiYd  1 
And  laftly,  That:  the  Turk  ihould  ratify 
U  thefc 


i5>o      Br.  Parker's  History 

thcfc  articles  with  an  oath.  Teckeli  be- 
ing made  King,  prefently  fummon'd  a 
Diet  of  the  Kingdom  at  Cafchazv,  where- 
in he  rcquir'd  the  Nobility  to  give  him 
affuranccs  and  pledges  of  fidelity  -,  and 
(fince  clemency  and  mercy  are  the  greateft 
ornaments  of  Kings)  he  promifed  by  his 
Embafiador  that  was  tent  to  Vienna, 
that  he  would  be  a  Mediator  of  peace 
in  behalf  of  the  Emperor.  But  the  Em- 
peror defpiftng  the  infolcnce  of  the 
maiij  mule  a  more  honourable  alliance 
with  the  neighbouring  Kings,  efpecially 
with  the  King  of  ^Poland.  And  now 
the  armies  march  out  of  winter-quar- 
ters into  the  camp. 

All  the  Nations  throughout  Africa, 
Afia,  and  Europe,  that  belong'd  to  the 
lurkijh  Dominions,  were  let  on  foot, 
together  with  a  vail  multitude  of  bar- 
barons  Tartars.  To  flop  this  dreadful 
inundation  of  thefe  Barbarians,  the 
Duke  of  Lorrain  alone,  General  of  the 
Imperial  army,  was  tent  with  a  body  of 
troops  not  confuting  of  above  forty 
thoufan  !. 

But 


Of   his   own  Time.  i$\ 

But  being  over-power'd  with  a  vaft 
multitude,  he  retir'd  to  Viennay  with 
wonderful  conduct  and  courage,  he  him- 
felf  bringing  up  the  rear.  Immediately 
the  Turks  laying  wafte  the  fields,  and 
burning  the  villages  on  every  fide,  come 
to  Vienna,  and  the  city  is  befieg'd ; 
which  though  not  very  well  fortified 
with  walls  and  forts,  was  yet  invinci- 
ble, Starembergh  being  its  defender. 
And  fince  the  fiege  was  the  moft  me- 
morable, not  only  of  this  age,  but  al- 
moft  of  any  that  can  be  remembred,  it 
may  be  allowable  to  give  you  a  draught 
of  this  grand  and  moft  extraoidinary 
tranfaftion. 

Never  was  there  greater  force  exerted, 
or  hatred  fhewn  \  for  on  both  fides, 
they  had  it  equally  in  their  view  to 
contend  for  Religion  and  Empire.  In 
Vienna  alone,  the  whole  Chriftian  world 
was  befieg'd  5  nor  were  the  TurkiJIi  aims 
brought  againft  Auftria  only,  but  all  Eu- 
rope \  in  fhort,  the  Chriitian  name  was 
to  be  utterly  extirpated  and  deftroy'd 
from  off  the  face  of  the  earth,  it  the 
U  2  enemy 


z<)z      Bp.  Parker's  History 

enemy  had  overcome  :  For  thus  in  the 
proclamation  of  war,  the  Barbarian 
threatned  the  God  of  the  Christians  $ 
That  he  would  drive  him  out  of  the 
world  by  force  of  arms ;  That  he  would 
let  up  the  empire  and  worfhip  of  his 
own  Mahomet  >  in  every  part  of  the 
earth,  from  the  rifing  to  the  fetting  of 
the  fun ;  That  the  crucified  God  fhould 
be  fubdued,  whom  he  challenged,  if  he 
dared,  to  aiTIft  his  worfhippers,  and  to 
come  out  to  meet  him  5  (fuch  is  the  in- 
foknee  of  the  Barbarians!)  and  that  all 
the  inhabitants  of  the  earth  fhould  know 
by  the  event  of  this  affair,  which  re- 
ligion was  deareft  to  the  Moll  High 
God. 

When  the  befieged  faw  that  the  fate 
of  the  Chriftian  world  wholly  depend- 
ed upon  their  fortitude,  and  that  there 
could  be  no  end  to  their  extreme  mifery 
but  either  in  death  or  vi&ory,  being  as 
it  were  bound  together  by  the  bond  of 
defpair,  they  fwore  to  defend  the  city 
(as  we  fay)  to  a  man.  But,  next  to  the 
goodnefs  of  their  caufc,  and  the  favour 

of 


Op  his  own  Time.  25*3 

of  God,  their  greatcfl:  dependance  was 
upon  the  fortune  and  bravery  of  Sta- 
rembergh ;  he  had  engag'd  with  great 
dangers,  but  was  never  hurt,  much  lefs 
was  he  ever  overcome  in  his  whole  life. 
And  he  had  lcarn'd  by  cuftom  to  be  as 
regardlefs  of  danger,  as  by  nature  he 
was  ignorant  of  fear.  This  was  the 
ftate  of  the  cafe. 

On  the  15  th  day  of  July,  the  enemy 
meafur'd  out  their  camp  about  the  diC 
tance  of  two  hundred  paces  from  the 
fortifications  of  the  city.  Here  they 
drew  the  line  of  circumvallation,  and 
caft  up  very  high  brcaft-works,  to  de- 
fend their  camp  from  the  annoyance 
of  the  cannon.  Then  they  rais'd  forts, 
at  juft  diftanccs  from  each  other.  On 
thefe,  cannons  were  immediately  mount- 
ed, which  being  difcharg'd  all  the  next 
day,  with  the  throwing  of  bombs,  the 
city  fuffcred  very  great  damage,  but  e- 
fpccially  the  Palace  and  the  Cathedral. 
On  the  other  hand,  Starembergh  forti- 
fied the  town-ditch  with  a  fcarp  and 
countcrfcarp,    by  which  he  might  keep 

U  1  the 


%5>4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  enemy  off  from  the  walls  ;  and  in 
thefc  afterwards  was  the  chief  defence 
of  the   city. 

On  the  feventeenth  day,  the  enemy 
drew  their  forces  clofer  together,  and 
turn'd  all  their  cannon  upon  two  bafti- 
ons,  and  a  fort  between  them;  and  at 
the  fame  time  they  begun  an  attack  in 
three  bodies  5  the  cannon  thundring 
night  and  day.  In  the  mean  while, 
they  brought  their  works  nearer,  and 
mines  were  dug  under  the  fortifications, 
altho'  they  were  often  difturbed  by  fre- 
quent failles  from  the  city.  At  length, 
on  the  twenty  third  day,  they  fpring 
two  mines,  but  with  little  damage. 
On  the  twenty  fifth  another  mine  be- 
ing fprung  a  great  breach  was  made  in 
the  wall.  Hereupon  they  advane'd  on 
both  fides  to  battle  5  a  (harp  and  doubt 
ful  encasement ;  but  at  length  the  ene- 
my  was  defeated  with  great  {laughter, 
The  day  after,  letters  were  lent  into 
the  city,  tied  to  an  arrow,  in  which 
they  thrca.tned,  that  unlefs  they  imme- 
diately furrendred,  the  city,  which  God, 
1  the 


Of   his  own   Time,  19$ 

the  avenger  of  violated  alliances,  had 
doom'd  to  deftruftion,  fhould  be  utterly 
deftroy'd.  There  were  aflaultS  made  in- 
ceflantly,  by  their  mines,  by  their  can- 
non, and  by  their  attempts  upon  the 
out-works  of  the  city  s  and  tho'  in  eve- 
ry onfet  the  enemy  was  rcpuls'd  with 
lots,  yet  fince  they  abounded  in  num- 
bers of  men,  they  did  not  fuffcr  fo 
much  damage  by  the  great  numbers 
that  were  killed,  as  the  befieg'd  did  by 
the  {laughter  of  a  few.  On  the  4th  of 
Auguft,  one  of  the  out-works  being 
weakned  by  a  mine,  the  enemy  took 
it ;  but  were  prcfently  difpoflefs'd  of  it 
with  great  lofs  and  confirmation.  Eve- 
ry  day  ibmc  part  of  the  fortifications 
was  taken  by  fpringing  of  the  mines, 
and  again  recovered  by  force.  Inward 
ramparts  were  rais'd  by  the  befieg'd  be- 
tween the  walls  and  the  out- works,  that 
tho'  the  outworks  were  taken,  the  ene- 
my might  be  kept  off  by  thefe  new  de- 
fences. 

At  length,   on   the  3  d  of  September, 

the  Turks,    after  great  effufion  of  their 

U  4  own 


%o6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

own  blood,  took  the  Ravelin,  being 
firft  fhaken  with  their  mines ;  the  day 
after  there  was  another  breach  made 
thirty  paces  wide  ;  but  a  fence  of  earth 
being  thrown  up,  they  were  hindered 
from  entering.  By  thefc  ruins,  they 
carried  their  mines  up  to  the  very  walls. 
On  the  6th  of  September,  there  was  a 
breach  opened  in  the  wall  fix  and  thirty 
paces  wide :  But  the  befieg'd,  when  they 
faw  the  walls  of  the  city  levelled,  fet 
themfelves  in  their  ftead,  and  drove  the 
enemy,  who  were  obftru&ed  by  the 
ruins,  back  to  their  camp.  In  the  night 
a  great  mole  of  earth  was  thrown  into 
the  place  of  the  ruin'd  fortification. 
The  city  being  now  ftraitned  with  ex- 
treme neceflity,  on  the  7th  of  September 
news  was  brought  that  the  Chriftian 
army  was  at  hand.  Upon  which  there 
was  a  much  fiercer  attack  made  than 
before.  The  day  after,  by  fpringing  of 
mines  the  city  was  laid  open  with  more 
breaches;  but  the  more  refolutcly  the 
enemy  pufh'd  on,  fo  much  the  more 
bravely  were  they  repuls'd.    In  the  mean 

whikj. 


Of  his  own  Time.  297 

while,  the  Turks  prepar'd  for  battle,  in 
order  to  which  they  took  a  mufter  of 
their  army,  and  from  the  beginning  of 
the  fiegc  they  had  loft  forty  eight  thou- 
fand  five  hundred  and  forty  four.     Now 
the  1 2th  of  September,  that  moft  memo- 
rable day,    began  to  dawn,    and  at  the 
breaking  of  the  day,  the  Chriftian  army 
advanc'd  towards  the  camp  of  their  ene- 
mies 5    the  King  of  'Poland  led  up  the 
right  wing,  Lorrain  the  left,  the  Princes 
of  the  Empire,    Saxony >   Bavaria,  and 
Waldecky    brought   up  the    main  body, 
every  one  commanding  their  own  troops. 
They  mov'd  flowly  towards  the  enemy, 
who  therefore  (as  it  fecm'd)    came  on 
with  greater  warmth.     The  army  flood 
unmov'd  $  while  the  enemy  mov'd  round 
they  advanc'd  nearer  3  and  as  they  wheel- 
ed about,  they  pufhed  them  before  them 
towards  the  camp  :  The  Chriftians,  bare- 
ly by  moving,  urg'd  them  on.    The  ene- 
my fought  and  gave  way.      At  length, 
the  Turks  being  affrighted  at  the  fteadi- 
nefs  and  conftancy    of    the  Chriftians, 
$nd  the  wonderful  order  of  the  whole 
4  army, 


z$8      Bp.  Parker's  History 

army,  retire  haftily  towards  their  camp  ; 
where  they  fought  more  briskly  for 
fome  hours  :  But  at  length  the  Turks 
being  overcome,  rather  by  the  courage 
of  the  Chriftians,  than  by  the  {laugh- 
ter of  their  men,  are  put  into  a  pre- 
cipitate flight,  every  one  taking  the 
neareft  way  to  efcape.  It  is  reported 
that  the  Grand  Vizier  himfelf  fct  the  ex- 
ample, and  began  the  flight.  Their 
camp  was  taken,  with  an  infinite  booty 
of  all  forts.  The  warlike  florcs  were 
carried  into  the  Emperor's  armory  5  the 
other  things  were  given  to  the  foldiers 
for  plunder.  There  was  fo  great  a  fum 
of  money,  that  almoft  every  common 
foldicr  was  made  wealthy  with  it.  The 
Grand  Vizier's  tent  fell  to  the  lot  of  the 
King  of  'Poland  \  in  which  he  lodg'd 
that  night.  From  hence,  and  from  the 
other  tents  of  the  Bafhaws,  he  is  faid  to 
have  receiv'd  feveral  millions  of  gold, 
befides  a  vaft  quantity  of  houfhold  fur- 
niture of  great  value.  The  Germans 
were  lefs  greedy  of  the  prey,  thinking 
thcmlelves  happy  enough    in  that  they 

were 


Of  his  own  Time.  199 

were  (o  fuddcnly  deliver'd  from  deftruc- 
tion,  beyond  their  hopes;  at  which  they 
flood  amaz'd,  and  could  fcarcely  believe 
it.  There  was  one  thing  memorable  in 
this  battle ;  that  at  the  fame  time  that 
the  battle  was  fought  in  the  open  field, 
the  attack  of  the  city  was  carried  on 
with  more  fiercenefs  by  the  Turks  $ 
whether  thro*  courage  or  fear,  is  uncer- 
tain ;  either  becaufe  they  thought  them- 
felves  equal  to  both  the  battle  and  the 
fiege,  or  rather,  that  the  city  being  ta- 
ken, if  they  were  defeated  in  their  camp, 
they  might  make  their  retreat  to  the 
fortifications  of  the  city.  In  this  laft 
aflault,  there  was  a  very  wide  breach 
made  in  the  walls ;  but  cannons  being 
immediately  planted  in  the  gap,  for  fomc 
time  kept  back  the  enemy  from  rufhing 
in.  Star  ember g  acquainted  Lorrain  irt 
what  condition  the  city  was.  He  im- 
mediately fent  the  Prince  of  Baden  to 
his  relief  with  eight  thoufand  men. 
Thefe  attacking  the  Turks^  who  expect- 
ed no  enemy  from  that  quarter,  and  a 
fally  being  made  out  of  the  city  at  the 

fame 


3  0*o      Bp.  Parker's  History 

fame  time,  they  kill'd  fix  thoufand  Ja- 
nizaries in  the  very  trenches,  being  clos'd 
in  before  and  behind. 

This  was  the  order  and  end  of  this 
remarkable  fiege.  A  more  glorious  fiege 
than  this,  no  former  age  ever  beheld  ; 
nor  perhaps  will  any  future  ever  pro- 
duce a  parallel.  Wc  have  mentioned  one 
or  two  before,  Stetin  and  Triers,  under 
Crequiy  which  perhaps  were  prefs'd  with 
equal  refolution,  and  defended  with  no 
lefs  bravery :  But  no  city  was  ever  re- 
due'd  to  an  equal  extremity  of  danger, 
which  either  did  not  yield,  or  was  not 
taken.  But  Staremberg  would  fuffcr  no- 
thing in  common  with  other  men,  but 
only  death.  Being  often  left  bare  of 
walls,  he  engaged,  as  in  the  open  field  > 
nor  was  it,  to  the  laft,  fo  much  a  fiege 
as  a  battle  >  nor  did  he  only  repel  the 
enemy  from  the  walls,  which  is  viftory 
enough  for  the  befieg'd,  but  fighting  a 
fair  battle,  he  rais'd  the  fiege  with  the 
utter  definition  of  the  enemy.  Many 
famous  battles  follow'd ;  but  I  wou'd  ra- 
ther end  with  this  mod  memorable  of 

all. 


Of    his  own  Time. 

all,  than  afterwards  relate  fome  that 
are  lefs  in  refpcd  of  this,  tho'  great  in 
themfelves.  I  have  put  all  thefe  war- 
like affairs  together,  not  fo  much  ol> 
ferving  the  order  of  time,  as  of  the 
fubjeft.  For  in  thefe  is  contain  d  the 
hiftory  of  all  the  evils  which  the  viola- 
tion of  the  triple  alliance  brought  upon 
the  European  world.  Hence  proud  mor- 
tals may  learn  upon  what  fmall  turns  of 
affairs  the  greateft  occurrences  among 
men  depend ;  and  by  how  lmall  a  fire, 
(even  tho'  it  be  an  ignis  fatuns)  the 
moft  impetuous  flames  are  rais'd. 


301 


Bp, 


t    J01    ) 


Bp.  PARKER'S 

H  I  STOR  Y 


O  F 


His  Own  Time. 


BOOK    IV. 


THE  fixth  of  thofe  deadly  fins 
which  I  mention' d  before,  was 
an  aft  of  Toleration,  which  the 
King  was  prevailed  upon  to  gi'ant,  where- 
by too  great  a  liberty  in  Religion  was 
granted  to  the  Seftaries.  This  fa&ious 
fet  of  men  that  I  lpoke  of,  had  always 
with  unwearied  diligence  cultivated  that 

nurfcry 


Of  his  own  Time.  303 

nurfery  of  all   evils.      But   that  which 
they  had    fo    often   attempted  in  vain* 
they  now   obtaind  almoft   without  la- 
bour :    For  a  war  with  the  'Dutch  was 
now  refolv'd  upon.     The  enemy  had  in 
every  former  war  prompted  the  Se&a- 
ries  to  rebellion ;    who  being  of  them- 
felves   too    much    inclin'd    to    fedition 
and    difcord,     always   broke   out    with 
more  violence  when   the   enemy   urgd 
them  to  it :  Therefore  the  factious  gave 
it  as  their  advice,    that  there  would  be 
a  feaibnable  remedy  applied  to  this  evil, 
if  they  were  voluntarily  indulg'd ;  that 
by  fo  unexpected  and  free  a  courtefy 
they  would  be  very  well  pacified ;  that 
the  mod   prudent  Emperors  and   Kings 
had  done  the  fame  in  every  age  :  Thus 
Conftantine  the  Great,    altho*  he  perfc- 
cuted  the  Doruitifts,  the  Sectaries  of  that 
age,  with  all  the  feventy  of  punifhment  5 
yet   when  he  was  engaged   fen  the  war 
with  Licinius,   being  compelled  by  ne- 
ccflity,    he   by  a  letter  lent  to  Verinus 
his  Deputy  in  Africa,    not   only    gave 
them  a  toleration,  but  commanded  that 

thofc 


304      Bp.-  Parker's  History 

thofe  that  were  condemn'd  fhould  be 
releas'd  from  banifhment.  The  fame 
Emperor,  by  his  Edift  which  he  fent  to 
Batfus,  his  Vicar  General  in  Italy ',  vo- 
luntarily left  to  the  Novatians  (the  Pu- 
ritans of  former  ages)  their  Churches 
*Cod.Th.  and  Coemeteries  *.  Alfo  the  Emperors 
de  ant.  fjmorjus  anct  Arcadius,  than  whom  none 
of  the  Emperors  made  more  or  fharper 
laws  againft  Schifmaticks,  cfpecially  a- 
gainft  the  'Donatifts,  whom  they  pur- 
fued  with  utter  hatred,  and  at  laft  root- 
ed out  of  the  world  j  yet  when  the 
matter  was  almoft  finifhd,  the  Goths 
happening  to  break  into  Africa,  in  this 
jun&ure  of  danger,  granted  liberty  un- 
ask'd  for,  to  the  Schifmaticks,  left  they 
fhould  go  over  to  the  enemy,  as  they 
had  done  before,  when  Gildo  rebell'd. 
Likewife  the  generous  temper  of  Va- 
lentintan  the  elder  is  commended,  be- 
caufe  by  an  Edift  he  granted  to  all  the 
Scdaries  the  liberty  of  worfhiping  ac- 
cording to  their  own  way  and  pcrfua- 
fion.  And  altho'  he  was  an  Emperor 
very  famous  for  his  prudence,  yet  he  is 

in. 


Of  his  own  Time.  305 

in  no  refpeft  more  celebrated  than  for 
this  generous  clemency.  For  thus  the 
Hiftorian*  commended  it  in  thefc  words.,*  Ammi- 
He  grew  famous  by  this  lafl  piece  of  con-  Mj/f*7 
duct  in  the  adminiftration  of  his  Govern- 
ment, becaufe  he  food  neuter  amongjt  the 
differences  of  Religion,  neither  did  he 
diflurb  any  one,  nor  force  any  one  to  this 
or  that  fort  of  'worship,  nor  by  threate- 
ning Interdicts  bow  down  the  necks  of  his 
fubjefts,  to  what  he  himfelfwas  inclind 
to,   but  left  the  parties,    as  he  found 

them  \.  c®'bFild<! 

After  his  example,  an  Edict  was  pub- 
lifhed  by  Valentinian  the  younger,  in 
which  he  gave  leave  to  the  Arians,  no 
lefs  than  to  the  Catholicks,  to  affcmble 
for  their  worfhip,  denouncing  the  penal- 
ty of  treafon  againft  thofe  that  attempt- 
ed the  contrary.  -\  Theodofins  the  Great  f  Sac.  if, 
banifhing  all  Hereticks  that  dillented  from  c ' l0' 
the  faith,  by  law  commanded  that  the 
NpvatianSy  fince  they  agreed  in  the  faith, 
fhould  be  permitted  to  hold  their  meet- 
ings within  the  city,  and  enjoy  their 
Churches.  And  others  were  known  to 
X  have 


$oc      Bp.  Parker's  History 

have  done  the  fame  ;  not  only  Empe- 
rors, but  Prelates.  Neither  before  the 
times  of  Celeftine  (let  the  truth  of  this 
depend  upon  this  approved  Hiftorian) 
were  the  Churches  taken  from  them  5  he 
firft  of  all  compell'd  them  to  hold  their 
meetings  in  private  houfes  5  when  the 
Roman  Epifcopate  tr an fgr effing  its  bounds 
had  for  fome  time  degenerated  into  ty- 
*  Idem,  ranny  *.  They  urg'd  farther,  that  Max- 
^'c'12"  imus  the  tyrant  alone  inflicted  capital 
punifhment  upon  the  Trifcillianifts : 
That  the  other  Emperors  not  only  in? 
dulg'd  the  Chriflian  Hereticks,  but  Hea- 
thens, Jews,  Manichees  and  Apoftates, 
as  every  one  thought  fit.  That  thefe 
are  the  chief  articles  in  the  Theodofan 
Codes  5  and  the  prudence  of  thole  times 
confifted  chiefly  in  this  moderation. 
Thus  Baldwin,  and  thus  Thuanus,  men 
citeemed  very  converfant  both  in  the 
records  of  the  Church,  and  the  laws  of 
the  Emperors,  thought  that  fword  and 
blood-fhcd,  baniflimcnt  and  forfeitures, 
rather  provok'd  than  heard  the  difeafc: 
That  all  other  things  are  fubjeft  to  the 

will 


Op  his   own  Time.'  307 

will  of  Kings,  but  Religion  alone  can- 
not be  controlled  :  That  this  is  infus'd 
only  by  the  grace  of  God  :  That  pcrfe- 
cutions  conduce  nothing  to  it :  That 
there  is  need  of  teaching  and  inftruftion ; 
for  mens  minds  may  be  invited  and 
won  over,  not  forced :  That  violence 
offer'd  to  confeience,  is  turn'd  into  rage : 
That  it  is  a  fore  which  will  not  bear 
to  be  touch'd :  That  moft  of  the  Kings 
of  Europe  had  had  too  much  experience 
of  it.  Hence  arofe  the  wars  of  the  laft 
century  in  Germany,  Spain  and  France. 
Hence  Princes  were  murdcr'd,  King- 
doms overturned,  Provinces  wafted,  Ci- 
ties fpoil'd,  becaufe  they  claim'd  tothem- 
fclves  a  fupremacy  in  matters  of  Reli- 
gion. What  heavy  ruins  did  Francis 
the  Second,  Charles  the  Ninth,  and  Hen- 
ry the  Third,  bring  upon  themfelves  and 
their  Kingdoms!  With  what  lamentable, 
and  almoft  utterly-deftru&ive  wars  was 
Germany  worn  out,  becaufe  the  liberty 
of  exercifing  Religion  was  fupprefs'd ! 
Spain  had  fallen  into  the  fame  danger, 
had  not  Ferdinand^  who  fuccceded 
X  2  Charles 


308      Bp.  Parkers  History 

Charles  the  Fifth,  finding  that  all  the 
wars  under  his  brother,  in  which  he 
himfclf  commanded,  fucceeded  but  ill 
in  the  affair  of  Religion,  granted  peace 
and  liberty  to  the  Sectaries  by  a  folemn 
Edid.  Hence  there  was  a  profound 
tranquillity  to  him  and  his  dominions. 
Who  can  doubt  but  that  Margaret  of 
'Parrna,  by  her  indulgence  prcferv'd 
Holland,  that  was  inclin'd  to  a  revolt  i 
And  that  Alvay  on  the  other  hand,  loft 
it  by  a  harfh  and  hafty  feverity  i  Laftly, 
left  all  the  examples,  which  are  almoft 
innumerable,  fliould  be  brought,  let  the 
King  only  remember  the  example  of  his 
good  Father  :  He  was  a  Prince  of  the 
greateft  goodnefs  and  clemency,  than 
whom  no  one  ever  govern  d  more  juft. 
ly,  more  modeftly,  and  (which  prevails 
moft  with  the  people)  more  frugally  j 
yet  he,  fuffering  himfelf  to  be  influence 
by  the  Priefts,  and  making  ufc  of  feverity 
againft  the  Puritans,  turn'd  their  patience 
into  fury  5  for  they  are  a  bold  and  tur- 
bulent fort  of  men,  who  if  they  hum- 
bly fupplicate  any  thing,    and  do  not 

obtain 


Of  his  own  Time-  $o$ 

obtain  it,  generally  extort  it  by  violence 
and  arms.  Laftly,  let  him  confider  on- 
ly his  own  times.  From  the  time  that 
the  Aft  of  Uniformity  was  pafs'd  againft 
the  Seftaries,  he  has  ftrugglcd  with  year- 
ly, and  almoft  monthly  confpiracics ; 
and  they  will  never  lay  afidc  their  ani- 
mofities  and  hatred,  till  they  arc  over- 
come and  foftned  by  the  King's  indul- 
gence ;  which  fmce  it  is  a  free  gift,  and 
proceeds  only  from  his  own  good-will, 
there  is  no  doubt  but  that  a  kindnefs  Co 
extraordinarily  granted,  will  above  mea- 
fure  oblige  them :  That  it  is  not  for  the 
Kings  honour  to  perform  the  office  of  an 
executioner :  That  Nero  firft  defiled  him- 
feif  with  human  blood,  fhed  for  Reli- 
gion :  That  the  beft  Emperors,  though 
mod  addiftcd  to  Gentile  lupcrftition,  al- 
ways abftain'd  from  inflicting  punifh- 
nients  upon  Chriftians.  Neither  was  it 
agreeable  to  the  natural  goodnefs  and 
clemency  of  his  temper,  that  his  fub- 
jefts  fhould  be  tormented  with  unncccf- 
Cury  punifliments.  Laftly,  that  it  was 
always  a  particular  maxim  of  his  Royal 
X  i  Majefty, 


3io      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Majcfty,    that  force  was  the  worft  and 
moil  improper   remedy   that   could   be 
ufed  to  preferve  the  peace  of  the  Church : 
That  divifions  were  never  to  be  heal'd 
by  wars  and  forfeitures,  but  by  treaties 
and  friendly  conferences :  That  he  fhould 
therefore   follow  the  bent  of  his  own 
natural  temper,    and  not  fuffer  himfelf 
to  be  biaffed  by  the  malignity  and  mis- 
taken  zeal  of  other  men.     The  King 
being  won  over  by  thefe  and  fuch  like 
perfuafions,  on  the  15th  of  March ',  by  a 
publick  Declaration,   granted  every  one 
the  liberty  of  his  own  Religion.     Nor 
perhaps  would  it  have  been  amifs,   had 
not  the  fa&ions  made  ufe   of   his  cle- 
mency to  the  fervice  of  their  evil   de- 
figns.     Neither  indeed  is  this  a  matter 
of  ftrid  duty,    but  difcretion.     So  that 
the  moft  eager  defenders  of  the  Church 
always  yielded  to  the  neceffity  of  the 
times  }  for  remedies  that  prevail  in  peace 
may  perhaps  be  of  no  ufe  in  war.     As 
long  as  he  had  every  thing  quiet  abroad, 
it  was  not  difficult  to  reftrain  the  Schif- 
maticks  with  the  juft  rigor  of  laws; 
2  but 


Of  his  own  Time.  jii 

but  being  to  carry  on  fo  great  a  war, 
as  he  defign'd,  he  thought  that  the  minds 
of  thefe  men  were  to  be  footh'd  as 
much  as  poflible.  Notwithstanding,  the 
factious  turn'd  a  thing  that  was  not  ill- 
advis'd  at  that  time,  to  a  very  different 
end ;  for  thereupon  two  very  great  mif- 
fortuncs  befell  the  King :  Firft,  a  diffe- 
rence between  him  and  his  Parliament: 
Secondly,  an  army  of  Rebels  lifted,  and 
always  in  a  readinefs  for  rebellion. 
Thus,  from  that  unhappy  day,  all  the 
tranquillity  of  the  Kingdom  was  de- 
ftroy'd  5  nor  did  the  inclination  towards 
ruin  flop,  till  it  had  broken  out  almoft 
into  a  civil  war.  Firft  of  all,  the  Par- 
liament grew  tumultuous  5  not  being  fe- 
licitous now,  as  formerly  they  were, 
for  the  Church  and  Religion ;  but  left 
fomething  worfe  fhould  happen  to  them- 
felves,  their  only  care  now  was  about 
their  own  prerogative  and  power.  They 
do  not  deny  that  the  thing  might  be 
done  5  but  they  do  not  allow  it  to  be 
done  without  the  authority  of  Parlia- 
ment. The  King,  on  the  other  hand, 
X  4  affirm'd, 


j  ii      Bp.  Parker's  History 

affirm'd,  that  the  fuprcmc  power  in  ec- 
clefiaftical  affairs  was  always  in  the 
Kings  of  England,  and  never  before 
difputed,  and  therefore  he  would  always 
affert  his  right :  That  he  would  not  have 
the  laws  of  right  and  wrong  cancell'd, 
neither  was  this  law  repealed,  whofe  pe- 
nalties he  had  only  fufpended  for  a  time ; 
but  that  he  had  done  it  to  pacify  fome 
fa&ious  minds,  being  forced  by  the  ne- 
ceflity  of  war,  of  which  he  was  the  on- 
ly judge.  Laftly,  that  he  would  give 
his  Parliament  leave  to  confult  upon  it 
as  they  thought  fit.  On  the  contrary, 
the  Parliament  warmly  alledg'd  that  it 
was  not  lawful  for  any  Kings  of  Eng- 
land to  fufpend  any  laws  whatfoever, 
even  for  a  moment :  That  this  Preroga- 
tive was  never  claim'd  before  by  his  An- 
ceftors :  That  they  were  fycophants  who 
infinuated  that  it  was :  That  if  that  was 
allow'd,  the  fupreme  government  of 
the  Kingdom  would  be  fubverted,  for 
that  confifts  in  the  making  of  laws, 
which  is  done  only  in  Parliament.  At 
length,  the  King  giving  way  to  the  obfti- 

nacy 


Of  his  own  Time.  ji$ 

nacy  of  the  Parliament,  did  with  his 
own  hand,  as  a  confirmation  of  the 
matter,  tear  afunder  the  Declaration  of 
Indulgence,  before  the  Lords  of  his 
Privy  Council ;  and  by  the  Prefident  of 
the  Council  reported  to  the  Houfe  of 
Lords  how  it  was  done,  that  the  per- 
petual remembrance  of  it  might  be  pre- 
ferred in  their  Journals.  (Troc.  T)iar. 
Mart.Z.  1673.)  The  whole  confedera- 
tion of  this  affair  being  now  referr'd  to 
the  two  Houfes,  they  proceeded  to  make 
a  new  law,  which  they  caird  an  Ad  of 
Eafc  or  Indulgence  5  by  which  alone,  all 
the  laws  which  they  had  pafs'd  before 
againft  Schifmaticks,  were  rcpeal'd. 
(Diar.  Comm.  Feb.  27.  1673.)  That  all 
difTenting  Proteftants  who  would  fub- 
fcribe  only  to  the  articles  of  faith  in 
the  Church  of  England,  leaving  out 
thofe  about  Difcipline  and  Government, 
fhould  have  liberty  to  hold  their  Meet- 
ings :  That  they  fhould  be  exempted 
from  all  fines,  by  which  every  one  was  ' 
oblig'd  to  go  to  his  own  Parifh- Church: 
That  the  affent  that  was  required  by  the 
4  Aft 


314      Bp.  Parke r's  History 

Ad  of  Uniformity  to  be  gi<ren  by  a 
Clergyman,  and  alfo  the  Abjuration  of 
the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant,  mould 
be  taken  off  for  ever :  That  they  fhould 
with  impunity  perform  their  own  offices 
of  divine  Worfhip  :  And  that  their 
Preachers  fhould  have  their  places  of 
meeting  affign'd  them  at  the  quarterly 
Seffions.  The  Peers  alfo  confented  to 
the  thing;  but  not  to  the  manner  of 
it :  They  voted  thrice  that  the  Indul- 
gence fhould  be  granted  to  every  one  9 
but  it  was  varioufly  difputed  on  each 
fide,  whether  it  fhould  be  granted  by 
the  King,  or  by  the  Juftices  of  the  Peace ; 
till  at  length  the  moderate  counfel  of 
Sheldon  (which  I  mention/d  before)  that 
they  fhould  only  acknowledge  that  the 
war  againft  King  Charles  the  Firfl  was 
unlawful,  hufhed  up  the  whole  matter 
in  filence  :  Thus  it  was  left  unfinim'd ; 
which  fo  provok'd  the  Parliament,  that 
they  were  prorogued  for  a  year.  In  the 
mean  time,  the  fa&ious  fuccefsfully  fi- 
niftVd  the  matter,  which  they  had  fo 
often  attempted  in  vain  before ;  which 

was 


Of  his  own  Time.  315 

was  done  thus :  An  Afiembly  of  the  fc- 
veral  Fa&ions  being  call'd,  the  place  of 
meeting,  which  every  one  chofe  for 
himfelf,  was  granted  him  by  Royal  Au- 
thority. Hence  the  feveral  ftations  of 
the  Sectaries  were  conveniently  fixed  all 
over  the  Nation,  and  about  forty  or 
fifty  Conventicles  fet  up  in  every  county. 
In  thefe  they  took  an  account  of  the 
number  of  Sectaries,  and  fent  it  to  Lon- 
don, to  their  General  Aflembly,  who 
from  thence  were  allow'd,  without  mo- 
leftation,  to  promote  their  feparate  in- 
tereft.  Neither  truly  were  thefe  dili- 
gent  men  wanting  to  their  caufe  5  their 
numbers  were  daily  increas'd,  as  the  tem- 
per of  the  common  people  is  daily  in- 
clinable to  change.  Hence  new  calcu- 
lations were  often  made.  Thus,  under 
a  pretence  of  Religion,  foldiers  were 
lifted  every  where,  and  a  leader  appoint- 
ed to  every  troop,  and  their  ftations  fix- 
ed on  every  fide,  as  fcem'd  moft  con- 
venient for  fudden  eruptions ;  nor  was 
any  one  allow'd  to  be  without  arms. 
And  laflly,  all  things  were  provided  for 

an 


jis      Bp.  Parker's  History 

an  immediate  rupture.  Thus,  by  the  refo- 
lute  agreement  of  the  Se&aries  with  one 
another,  all  feditions  were  daily  fornVd 
from  that  time  againft  the  Common- 
-^wealth. 

The  laft  of  the  deadly  fins  was  com- 
mitted againft  the  Parliament  (than  which 
nothing  is  dearer  to  the  People  of  Eng - 
land-,)  for  a  modern  cuftom  that  began 
in  1 640,  had  prevail' d  to  this  time,  that 
when  any  Members  of  Parliament  died, 
the  Parliament  fhould  acquaint  the  Chan- 
cellor with  it ;  which  being  done,  writs 
were  iflued  out  by  him  for  the  electing 
others  into  the  places  of  the  deceafed. 
On  the  contrary,  the  Earl  of  Shaft  sburyy 
Lord  High  Chancellor  of  England,  when 
he  had  a  rrund  to  have  fome  of  his 
creatures  chofen  into  the  Parliament,  by 
a  fudden  and  private  ele&ion,  in  fome 
of  the  obfeurer  Boroughs,  iflued  out 
writs  for  ele&ion,  of  his  own  accord, 
without  any  information  from  the  Par- 
liament, and  even  before  their  meeting. 
On  the  firft  day  of  their  affembling,  a, 
CQftfidcrable  number  of  new  Members 

appear'd. 


Of   his  own  Time/  317 

appeared.  Hence  there  was  a  murmur 
and  enquiry  run  thro*  the  feats  of  the 
Houfe,  who,  and  whence  thefc  ftrangers 
were?  and  the  matter  being  prefently 
difcover'd,  they  were  all  immediately 
cxpell'd  the  Houfe.  Hence  there  was  a 
great  deal  of  anger  and  hatred  againft 
the  Chancellor.  And  he  caft  all  the 
fault  (if  there  was  any)  upon  the  King. 
He  affirm'd,  that  by  this  proceeding  the 
Royal  Right  was  afiirted,  which  was  de- 
rived from  the  earlieft  antiquity  5  nei- 
ther was  it  taken  away,  till  the  rebel- 
lious Parliament  prevail'ds  that  there- 
fore the  King  did  only  renew  an  anci- 
ent prerogative  of  all  his  Anceftors, 
which  v/us  loft  not  long  ago  in  open 
rebellions  and  unlefs  he  did  it  fpeedily, 
and  before  a  long  cuftom  had  eftablifh- 
ed  it,  he  would  give  up  one  of  the 
brighteft  jewels  of  his  Crown,  with  the 
reproach  of  indolence  and  negleft.  They 
fhould  therefore  only  examine  their  ov. 
records,  and  they  would  find  no  inftancc 
of  their  new  cuftom  before  the  R< 
lion* 

It 


3 1  8      Bp.  Parkers  History 

It  was  inquir'd  into,  and  found  as  it 
was  faid.  Neverthelefs,  the  Parliament 
pcrfifted  in  maintaining  their  new  privi- 
lege 5  faying  that  the  prerogative  was 
of  no  advantage  while  lodg'd  in  the 
King  5  but  if  it  was  in  their  hands,  it 
would  be  a  great  benefit  to  the  Kins;- 
dom,  that  there  might  be  no  clandeftine 
elections  carried  on,  as  now,  by  the 
Chancellor.  Neither  was  the  matter  al- 
together difagreeable  to  the  King  :  For 
he  began  to  have  a  fufpicion  of  the 
Chancellor  in  all  his  confutations,  and 
thought  of  removing  him  from  his 
place.  Neither  indeed  was  it  fo  much 
a  difpute  of  right,  as  of  parties.  The 
Chancellor,  on  the  account  of  that  dig- 
nity, had  a  great  intercft  in  his  own 
county  of  cDorfet^  efpccially  amongft 
the  Se&arics,  by  whofe  affiftance,  in  all 
elections  of  Members,  he  endeavour 'd 
to  have  men  chofen,  that  were  approv'd 
by  himfelf.  Strangways  always  oppos'd 
him  5  a  man  of  an  antient  and  illuftri- 
ous  family,  famous  both  for  wealth  and 
fidelity.     He    had   ferv'd  under  Charles 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  319 

the  Firft  in  all  his  wars,  wii-h  great 
bravery  5  and  done  and  fuffer'd  every- 
thing which  a  brave  man  could  do  and 
fuffer.  In  all  times  he  was  conftant  in 
his  duty,  without  any  breach  of  his  in- 
tegrity $  and  a  courageous  and  undaunt- 
ed defender  of  the  Royal  Caufe,  even 
when  it  was  breathing  out  its  laft,  and 
entirely  fubdued.  He  was  alfo  very  po- 
pular, by  his  affable  and  courteous  be- 
haviour towards  all  men,  whence  no 
one  had  more  interefl  in  his  country  j 
and  therefore  moft  clcftions  there  were 
made  according  to  his  inclination.  When 
the  Chancellor  durft  not  venture  openly 
to  oppofc  his  great  intcrcft,  he  attempt- 
ed to  evade  it  by  this  artifice  ;  for  where- 
as about  that  time,  four  Members  cho- 
fen  for  the  Boroughs  of  that  county 
were  dead,  he  clandestinely  put  in  four 
of  his  party  into  the  feats  of  the  de- 
ceafed.  Hereupon  Strangwaysw&s  pro- 
vok'd  5  and  fince  he  had  long  prevailed 
with  no  lefs  interefl  in  the  Parliament, 
than  amongft  his  own  countrymen,  as 
foon  as  he  complain'd  of  this  matter, 

he 


5*0      Bp.  Parker's  History 

he  incenfed  all  the  Parliament  againft 
the  Chancellor,  who  was  before  hated 
by  many  Members  of  it.  The  Chan- 
cellor ftruggled  for  fome  time  againft 
it,  but  being  furrounded  by  fo  many 
enemies  on  every  fide,  he  found  he  muft 
retreat  as  well  as  he  could.  He  had 
long  known  the  Duke  of  Tork's  hatred 
to  him :  The  adminiftration  of  the  Chan- 
cellor had  long  difpleas'd  that  Prince  j 
and  he  griev'd  that  he  was  advane'd  to 
fo  great  a  power.  The  Chancellor  dread- 
ed  his  anger  moft  of  all,  for  he  knew 
him  to  be  an  enemy  who  did  not  ufe 
to  lay  down  his  arms  till  his  enemies 
were  overcome.  His  greateft  hope  had 
long  been  in  the  clemency  of  the  King ; 
when  therefore  he  perceived  that  the 
King  had  withdrawn  his  favour  from 
him,  being  left  bare  of  his  defence,  he 
began  to  think  of  a  furrender.  When 
he  faw  that  he  was  thus  fharply  attacked 
by  the  Parliament,  who  would  give  the 
King  nothing,  unlefs  he  was  remov'd 
entirely  from  the  adminiftration  5  and 
would  deny  nothing  if  he  was :  Laftly, 

when 


Of  his   own  Time.  311 

when  he  had  heard  that  articles  of  im- 
peachment were  prepaid  againft  him, 
forming  from  hence  certain  prefages  of 
his  impending  ruin  ;  and  his  cafe  being 
defperate  at  Court,  he  openly  fled  to  the 
party  of  the  Se&arics,  and  every  where 
pour'd  out  the  fame  complaints  with 
theirs.  Firft  of  all  he  inveigh'd  againft 
the  Papifts,  that  unlefs  fpeedy  care  was 
taken  to  prevent  it,  the  Protcftant  Re- 
ligion would  be  deftroy'd  :  That  every 
thing  look'd  in  favour  of  Rome:  That 
he  would  rather  lofe  his  life,  than  his 
Religion  :  And  therefore  exhorted  all 
who  had  their  Religion  at  heart, 
that  they  would  rife  with  one  confent 
againft  idolaters :  That  he  was  not  ig- 
norant that  he  fhould  do  a  thing  very 
difplcafing  to  the  Courtiers,  and  did  not 
doubt  but  he  fhould  therefore  be  re- 
mov'd  from  his  dignity  ;  but  that  the 
falvation  of  his  foul  was  dearer  to  him 
than  the  Empire  of  the  whole  World: 
How  much  focver  the  vi&ory  might 
coft,  Rome  fhould  be  fubdued  5  Carthage 
might  now  ftand  fafe,   for  him.     And 

Y  by 


Br.  Parker's  History 

by  thefe  infinuations,  he  fo  fuccefsfully 
crept  into  the  hearts  of  the  people,  that 
they  reverene'd  and  embrae'd  him  as  the 
only  Father  of  their  Country,   and  as  a 
Deliverer  defcended  from  Heaven.     He 
was  prefently  attended  by  a  great  bo- 
dy of  Nobility  5    and  altho'  he  was  ac- 
cused but  yefterday  in  the  lower  Houfe, 
yet  no  one  was  now  fo  popular  there. 
Neither  were    there  wanting   Divines, 
who  in  their  publick  writings- celebrated 
him  as  the  only  Prefcrver  of  Religion  5 
who  had  pcrform'd  a  work  of  no  lefs  glo- 
ry than  danger  5  whofe  fame,  like  that  of 
the  woman  in  the  Gofpel  (they  promis'd) 
fhould  endure  for  ever.    Amongft  thefc 
tumults,  before  he  went  out  of  his  office, 
he  procur'd  two  Laws  to  be  made  :  One 
againft  the  Papifts,  by  which  they  were 
excluded    from   all   offices,    both  civil 
and  military,  except  upon  certain  con- 
ditions,   contrary    to    their  perfuafion. 
The  other  was,    an  Aft  of  general  obli- 
vion.    Which  being  pafs'd,  (for  it  was 
more  extenfive  than   was  ever  granted 
before)  he  would   immediately  become 
fetfus  in  curia,    (to  fpeak   in   the    lan- 
guage 


Of  his  own  Time.  325 

guage  of  the  Law)  fo  that  no  one  could 
charge  him  with  any  of  his  paft  male- 
adminiftration.  He  was  depriv'd  of  all 
power  when  he  had  not  been  at  the 
head  of  affairs  a  whole  year  :  He  came 
into  the  office  of  Chancellor,  Nov.  17. 
1672.  and  was  ejected  thence  on  the 
9th  of  the  fame  month  of  the  follow- 
ing year.  Bridgman  obtained  that  of- 
fice, after  the  removal  of  the  Earl  of 
Clarendon $  a  man  of  entire  fidelity  to 
the  King,  throughout  his  whole  life,  an 
uncorrupt  Judge,  famous  for  his  equi- 
table and  skilful  adminiftration  of  the 
Law.  In  Cromwell's  times,  the  juft  au- 
thority of  the  Courts  being  taken  away, 
he  forbore  pleading :  But  altho'  he  was 
publickly  filent,  he  was  privately  a 
Counfcllor  to  the  King's  Friends  5  and 
there  were  not  a  few  whom  he  pre- 
ferv'd  from  the  iniquity  of  the  times : 
Juftice  returning,  together  with  the  King, 
he  was  at  length  advane'd  thro'  all  the 
degrees  in  the  Law,  to  the  cuftody  of 
the  Great  Seal.  Nor  did  he  ever  err, 
as  far  as  I  know,  but  once  5   being  led 

Y  a  afide 


324      Bp.  Parker's  History 

afide  by  others  in  the  affairs  of  the  Church. 
This  modeft  man  being  overcome  by 
the  haughty  and  yet  flattering  brow  of 
ibme  Churchmen,  offended  againft  the 
Rites  of  the  Church ;  for  they  chiefly 
made  ufe  of  his  authority  in  compofing 
that  which  they  caird  a  Comprehenfion  5 
otherwife  he  was  a  finccre  favourer  and 
fon  of  the  Church  of  England.  It  fo 
happen'd,  that  at  that  time  the  Credi- 
tors cited  the  Bankers  (whofe  money 
Shaftsbury  had  fhut  up  in  the  King's 
Exchequer)  into  the  King's  Bench,  that 
they  might  be  paid  what  they  themfelves 
had  borrow'd.  The  Bankers  appeal'd  to 
the  Court  of  Chancery ;  for  if  their  ap- 
peal had  been  accepted,  by  the  autho- 
rity of  that  Court,  there  had  been  a 
flop  put  to  the  Judgment  of  any  other. 
For  fuch  is  the  power  of  the  Chancel- 
lor, that  he  can  iffue  out  a  Prohibition 
at  his  pleafurc,  to  flop  the  proceedings 
of  the  other  Courts.  But  Bridgman  be- 
ing very  much  provok'd  at  the  bafenefs 
of  this  pra&ice,  difmifs'd  the  unjuft  Ap- 
peal 5  not  without  fctting  a  mark  of  in- 
5  famy 


Of  his  own  Time.  515 

famy  upon  it.  Shaft  sbury  complaint 
of  the  boldncfs  of  this  proceeding,  lay- 
ing, that  the  reproach  was  chiefly  caf  ny, 
on  his  Majefty  5  that  it  upbraid  him 
with  fhutting  up  the  Exchequer  ;  FcA  had 
not  he  done  that,  the  Bankers  would 
have  been  capable  of  paying  :  And  laft- 
ly,  that  it  was  his  caufe,  not  theirs: 
That  therefore  he  fhould  proted  them 
a  little  while,  for  a  year  only,  by  his 
Royal  Authority  5  in  which  time  the 
Exchequer  would  pay  them  their  debts : 
That  if  Bridgman  refus'd  to  grant  the 
King  fo  equitable  a  requeft,  he  was  not 
a  fit  perfon  to  whom  the  King  fhould 
commit  the  next  power  to  his  own: 
That  truly,  if  it  was  in  his  power,  he 
would  afford  refuge  to  the  diftrefs'd 
Bankers.  Hereupon  Bridgman  was  gent- 
ly laid  afide,  and  Shaft sbury  put  into  his 
place.  He  prefently  perform'd  his  pro- 
mife,  embracing  the  Bankers  that  appeal'd 
to  him,  and  iffuing  out  Prohibitions  a- 
gainft  the  other  Courts,  that  they  fhould 
not  proceed  to  judge  in  their  caufe.  Thus 
juftice  was  rcftrain'd  for  almoft  a  year ; 
Y  1  but 


jzs      Bp.  Parker's  History 

but  when  he  found  that  he  fhould  fhort- 
ly  fall  from  his  dignity,  he  himfelf  re- 
versed his  own  Prohibitions. 

As  long  as  he  was  at  the  head  of  the 
Miniftry,  he  boafted  that  every  thing 
was  done  profperoufly  and  pioufly  :  In 
his  fpeech  which  he  made  to  the  Parlia- 
ment, on  the  5  th  of  February,  1673.  he 
congratulated  the  Kingdom  for  the  great 
prudence  and  goodnefs  of  the  King, 
becaufe  when  he  carried  on  foreign 
wars,  the  whole  nation  cnjoy'd  all  the 
plenty  of  peace :  That  the  King,  by  the 
mildnefs  of  his  government,  kept  the 
minds  of  all  his  fubjeds  engaged  to  him  : 
That  nothing  was  cultivated  fo  much, 
as  the  publick  tranquillity,  and  the 
mutual  agreement  of  all  at  home  : 
That  there  was  a  more  than  conjugal 
afFe&ion  between  the  King  and  Par- 
liament, never  to  be  cut  off  by  any  di- 
vorce :  That  all  things  were  fafe,  and 
there  was  no  room  left  for  unjufl:  fu- 
fpicions,  nor  even  for  calumnies :  That 
in  the  King  alone,  Religion  in  general, 
the  Church  of  England  in  particular, 

every 


Of  his  own  Time.  3Z7 

every  one's    Rights,    the  equitable    ad- 
miniftration  of  the  Laws,    the  honour 
of   Parliaments,    and  every  thing   that 
can  make  us  happy,    was  entirely  fafe. 
What  therefore   remain'd  to  be  wifh'd 
for   by    every  honeft  Englifhman,    but 
that  the  reign  of  fo  good  a  King  might 
be  continued    for  many  years,  and  the 
triple  alliance    between    King,    Parlia- 
ment and  People  might  never  be  bro- 
ken ?  But  no  fooner  was  he  command- 
ed to  withdraw  from  the  Court,  than 
he  fled  to  the  city  of  London,  and  went 
daily  to    the   Exchange,    attended   by 
his  followers,    as  if   he  had  gone  thi- 
ther to   make    his   market,    and   turn 
flock- jobber;    and  fetching  a  deep  figh, 
lie  faid,    Alas!   my  Countrymen,  how 
defperate  is  the    prefent   condition   of 
England!  this  is  the  only  thing  that  is 
now  defign'd,  that  the  laws  being  fet  a- 
fide   every  thing   fhould   be  fubjed  to 
the  luft  and  pleafure  of  the  Courtiers : 
That  the  Papifts  and  French  Penfioners 
plainly  (hew  this:    That  all  the  power 
was  in  their  hands :  That  he  had  long 
Y  4  with- 


5i8      Bi\  Parker's  History 

withftood  them,    but  in  vain  :    That  it 
was  a   crime    to    complain,    or  figh  in 
Court :  That  he  was  therefore  remov'd* 
and  unlefs  they  took   immediate    care, 
they  would  too  late    endeavour  to  re- 
lieve their   Country  :    That  they  might 
find  from  the  late  tranfa&ions,  whither 
matters  tended  :  That  the  triple  alliance 
was  violated,  in  defiance  of  the  Laws  of 
Nations,  only  that  we  might  enter  into 
an   alliance    with    the    Popifh  King  of 
France*,  againft  the  good  Proteftants  the 
'Dutch:  That  a  war  was  opened  againft 
the  'Dutch,  before  it  was  proclainVd,  no 
Herald  being  fent  to  proclaim  it :  That 
a  Toleration  of  Religions  was  granted, 
not  becaufe    there  was    any  tendernefs 
towards   the  fcrupulous  confeiences   of 
Diflenting  Proteftants,    but  that   a  way 
might    be   open'd    for  the  Jefuits    and 
Romijh  Priefts  to  come  into  England : 
That  all  the  force  of  Laws  was  taken 
away  at  the  fole  pleafure  of  the  King ; 
for  if  it  was  lawful  for  him  to  fufpend 
them  for  a  moment,  he  might  continue 
that  fufpenfion   foj:  ever :    That  there- 
fore 


Of  his  own  Time.  315 

fore   the   Parliament   refented   it   very 
much;  and  altho*  the  King  ftrovc  againft 
it  with  more  refolution  than  ufual,  yet 
being  at  length  overcome  by  the  rcfent- 
ment  of  the  Parliament,    he  was  con- 
ftrain'd  to  pretend  to  repeal  it,  and  that 
tho'  the  Indulgence  that  was  allowed  to 
the  Protcftants,  was  made  void,  yet  the 
fame  liberty,  was  (till  continued  to  the 
Papifts,    even  to  this  day.      Moreover, 
with  what  barbarous  and  unheard-of  in- 
jufticc,  were  the  fortunes  of  almoft  all 
his  fubj  efts  fnatch'd  from  them,  by  (hut- 
ting up   the   Exchequer !    What  regard 
to  right  could   there   be  in   that  King- 
dom in  which  fuch  tyranny  was  com- 
mitted !  And  laftly,  not  only  the  private 
rights   of  fubj  efts  were  violated,  but  e- 
ven    the    liberties   of   Parliament  were 
ftruck  at;    fince,    contrary   to  law  and 
cuftom,  new  Members  were  clandeftinely 
elefted  into  the  places  of  the  deceas'd, 
without  the  knowledge  of  Parliament, 
that    a    paffagc   might    be    opened    for 
Courtiers    and    French    Penfioncrs    to 
come  into  the  Houfe:    That  therefore 

the 


330      Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  Parliament  had  refcnted  it  with  un- 
common anger  and  indignation  >  and  a- 
bove  others,  thofe  that  were  moft  fa- 
mous for  their  fidelity  to  the  King,  fuch 
as  was  Strangways,  a  man  entirely  free 
from  all  fufpicion  of  faction.—-  Hence 
there  was  fufficient  matter  furnifh'd  for 
complaints :  Hence  a  blind  and  panick 
fear  was  ftruck  into  the  people:  Hence 
there  were  fears  and  complaints  about 
the  ftreets,  as  if  the  city  was  plunder'd : 
Thus  in  a  fnort  time,  the  city  was  not 
only  drawn  from  all  duty  to  the  King, 
but  there  feemed  to  be  a  new  and  op- 
pofite  Republick  fet  up  within  it.  A 
great  Aflembly  was  chofen,  which  fate 
in  a  tavern  near  the  Exchange >  then  le£ 
fer  Meetings  were  fettled  at  certain  dis- 
tances. Thefe  perform'd  different  offi- 
ces :  Some  confirm'd  with  wine  and 
drunkennefs  thofe  whom  they  found 
inclin'd  to  faction.  Others  fcatter'd  let- 
ters pregnant  with  lies  in  their  feveral 
Provinces  on  every  fide;  and  they  all 
agreed  in  this  one  thing,  to  caft  all  the 
paft  counfels  and  a&ions  of  Shaftsbury, 

which 


Of  hi  sown  Time.  3  3  x 

which  were  now  condemn'd  by  him 
and  his  followers,  upon  the  King  and 
his  Minifters,  who  were  the  chief  in 
power  upon  his  removal,  and  efpecially 
the  Duke  of  Tork,  by  whofe  counfel, 
chiefly,  he  was  remov'd.  Amongft thefe 
fchools  and  academies  of  Sedition,  the 
moft  famous  was  a  meeting  at  a  tavern 
at  the  fign  of  King  Henry  the  Eighth, 
againft  the  Temple.  The  members  of 
this  Cabal  were  much  fuperior  to  the  reft 
in  impudence,  becaufe  moft  of  them 
were  Lawyers,  which  fort  of  men  boaft- 
ing  of  their  skill  in  the  Law,  thereby 
added  confidence  to  others  that  were 
lefs  experiene'd.  Thus  they  at  length 
proceeded  to  that  degree  of  arrogance, 
that  when  they  went  abroad,  they  di- 
ftinguifh'd  themfelves  by  a  green  ribbon 
round  their  hats,  as  a  badge  of  their  fo* 
ciety.  From  this  fchooi  the  chief  offi- 
cers came  forth  into  that  Rebellion 
which  afterwards  broke  out.  More- 
over, there  were  infamous  and  virulent 
books  that  were  difpers'd  about  in  great 
numbers  amongft  the  common  people. 
3  Amongft 


33^  Bp.  Parker's  History 
Amongft  thefc  lewd  Revilcrs,  the  lewd- 
eft  was  one  whofe  name  was  Marvel. 
As  he  had  liv'd  in  all  manner  of  wic- 
kednefs  from  his  youth,  fo  being  of  a 
lingular  impudence  and  petulancy  of 
nature,  he  exercifed  the  province  of  a 
Satyrift,  for  the  ufe  of  the  Fa&ion,  be- 
ing not  fo  much  a  Satyrift  thro*  quick- 
nefs  of  wit,  as  fowernefs  of  temper; 
of  but  indifferent  parts,  except  it  were 
in  the  talent  of  railing  and  malignity. 
Being  abandoned  by  his  father,  and  ex- 
pell'd  the  Univerfity,  he  afterwards  made 
his  confcicnce  more  cheap  than  he  had 
formerly  made  his  reputation.  A  vaga- 
bond, ragged,  hungry  Poetafter,  being 
beaten  at  every  tavern,  he  daily  receiv'd 
the  rewards  of  his  fawcinefs  in  kicks 
and  blows.  At  length,  by  the  intereft 
of  Milton,  to  whom  he  was  fomewhat 
agreeable  for  his  ill-natur'd  wit,  he  was 
made  Under-fecretary  to  Cromwell's  Se- 
cretary. Pleas'd  with  which  honour,  he 
publifh'd  a  congratulatory  poem  in  praife 
of  the  Tyrant  5  but  when  he  had  a  long 
time  labour'd  to  fqueeze  out  a  panegy- 

xick, 


Of   his  own  Time,  333 

rick,  he  brought  forth  a  fatyr  upon  all 
rightful  Kings  5  faying  that  Cromwell  was 
the  fun,  but  other  Monarchs  were  flow 
bodies,  flower  than  Saturn  in  their  re- 
volutions, and  darting  more  hurtful  rays 
upon  the  earth.  That  if  each  of  their 
reigns  were  to  be  continued  to  the  Tla- 
tonick  age,  yet  no  King  would  ever  do 
any  good  to  the  world :  That  it  was 
the  purpofe  of  them  all  to  bring  their 
fubje&s  into  flavery  :  That  they  purfue 
no  enemy  but  their  own  countrymen : 
That  they  wage  war  againft  foreigners 
unwillingly,  and  becaufe  they  are  forc'd 
to  it,  but  voluntarily  and  freely  againft 
their  own  people  ;  neither  do  they  ceafc 
from  it,  till  they  can  treat  them  as  con- 
quered flaves ;  nor  do  they  fight  againft 
them  only,  but  alfo  againft  God :  That 
they  are  all  drunk  with  the  enchant- 
ments of  the  Whore  of  Babylon :  That 
they  fight  for  Antichrift,  againft  the 
Lamb :  That  they  fcrve  the  Roman 
Whore  :  That  they  not  only  defert,  but 
hinder  the  work  of  the  Lord,  begun  in 
this  age  by  his  faints,  under  the  aufpi- 
cious  condu&  of  Cromwell,  But 


534      £p-  Parker's  History 

But  the  King  being  rcftor'd,  this 
wretched  man  falling  into  his  former 
poverty,  did,  for  the  fake  of  a  liveli- 
hood, procure  himfelf  to  be  chofen 
Member  of  Parliament  for  a  Borough, 
in  which  his  father  had  exercis'd  the  of- 
fice of  a  Presbyterian  teacher,  and  done 
notable  fervice  in  the  Rebellion :  For 
there  was  an  ancient  cuftom,  that  the 
expences  of  thofe  that  were  ele&ed  in- 
to Parliament,  fhould  be  born  by  the 
Borough  for  which  they  were  chofen, 
at  the  rate  of  five  fhillings  a  day.  This 
cuftom  had  a  long  time  been  antiquated 
and  out  of  date,  Gentlemen  defpifing 
fo  vile  a  ftipend,  that  was  given  like 
alms  to  the  poor ;  yet  he  requir'd  it  for 
the  fake  of  a  bare  fubfiftence,  altho'  in 
this  mean  poverty  he  was  neverthelefs 
haughty  and  infolent.  In  all  Parlia- 
ments he  was  an  enemy  to  the  King's 
affairs,  being  one  of  thofe  Confpirators, 
who  being  fixty  in  number,  of  the  re- 
mains of  the  Rebellion,  had  bound  them- 
felves  by  oath,  from  the  beginning,  to 
give  all  the  trouble  they  could  to  the 

King, 


Op  his  own  Time.  335 

King,  and  efpecially  never  to  vote  for 
granting  any  taxes.  But  thefe  men  had 
little  weight  in  that  AfTembly,  being 
look'd  upon  with  fhame  and  difgrace; 
fo  that  if  they  would  do  no  good,  they 
could  do  no  hurt  5  for  they  were  hardly 
ever  fufFer'd  to  fpeak  without  being 
hifs'd  at  5  and  our  Poet  could  not  fpeak 
without  a  found  bailing  :  Wherefore, 
having  frequently  undergone  this  difci- 
pline,  he  learn'd  at  length  to  hold  his 
tongue.  But  out  of  the  Houfe,  when  he 
<ould  do  it  with  impunity,  he  vented 
himfelf  with  the  greater  bitternefs,  and 
daily  fpewed  infamous  libels  out  of  his 
filthy  mouth  againft  the  King  himfelf. 

If  at  any  time  the  Fanaticks  had  oc- 
cafion  for  this  libeller's  help,  he  prefent- 
ly  ifTued  forth  out  of  his  cave,  like  a 
gladiator,  or  a  wild  beaft.  But  this 
BuftuariuSy  or  fencer,  never  fought  with 
more  fury,  than  near  his  own  grave,  in 
a  book  written  a  little  before  his  death, 
to  which  he  gave  this  title,  Commenta- 
ries concerning  the  Growth  of  Popery, 
and  Tyrannical  Government  in  England. 

In 


5? 6      Bp.  Parker's  History 

In  which,  after  he  had  complain'd  that 
the  Papifts  had  a  long  time  laid  in  wait 
to  fubvert  the  Kingdom,  and  had  ac- 
complifh'd  their  intended  villany,  unlefs 
Shaftsbury,  with  his  affociates,  had  inter - 
pos'd ;  he  begun  his  fcurrilous  difcourfc 
with  thofe  fcven  deadly  fins  before-men- 
tioned, by  which  he  faid  it  was  almoft  to 
a  miracle,  that  the  Kingdom  was  not 
ruin  d.     He  fpoke  to  this  efFeft : 

That  the  triple  alliance  was  bafely  vio- 
lated, contrary  to  the  Law  of  Nations  $ 
and  the  alliance  with  the  French,  againft 
the  'Dutch,  was  a  matter  equally  trea- 
cherous and  dangerous :  That  the  Dutch 
were  free  from  all  manner  of  imputa- 
tion of  blame,  and  had  inviolably  per- 
formed and  kept  all  the  articles  of  peace, 
with  a  religious  ftridnefs :  That  even  in 
the  lowering  the  flag,  they  were  more 
officious  than  was  necefiary :  That  caufes 
of  war  were  ftudioufly  fought  for,  but 
none  could  be  found:  And  laftly,  it 
was  undertaken  almoft  without  any  pre- 
tence. And  much  more  of  the  like  na- 
ture. 

A  fhrewd 


Of  his  own  Time,'  $37 

A  flirewd  man,  and  a  lucky  advocate 
for  his  friends!  who  blacken'd  the  King, 
the  States  of  the  Kingdom,  the  Privy- 
Council,  and  all  the  chief  Minifters  of 
State,  that  he  might  celebrate  the  me- 
rits of  Shaft  sburfs  party,  who  had  dc- 
fcrved  fo  well  from  their  country,  and 
therefore  began  with  fo  evident  and  no- 
torious a  lie.  For  whatfoever  was  fe- 
cretly  done  by  others,  the  Earl  of  Shaft f 
bury  was  the  only  publick  author  and 
advifer  of  that  counfel.  His  Speeches 
to  the  Parliament  were  cried  in  the 
ftreets;  one  fpoken  on  the  5  th  of  Fe- 
bruary, another  on  the  27th  of  October 
following ;  which  was  but  thirteen  days 
before  his  fall  from  the  Chancellorfhip, 
(for  he  was  turn'd  out  November  the  9th) 
in  which,  with  great  vehemence,  he 
urg'd  on  the  Englijh  to  the  deftruclioa 
of  Carthage,  la  one  he  affirm'd,  that 
the 'Dutch  were  treacherous  truce-break- 
ers, and  had  not  only  refus'd  the  right 
of  the  flag  thro'  the  ocean,  but  infifted 
in  all  the  Courts  of  Europe,  that  it 
mould  be  takea  away  :  That  they  had 
Z  a  na- 


538       Bp.  Parker's  History 

a  natural  hatred  of  the  Englifl),  both 
thro'  emulation,  and  their  own  temper 
and  difpofition :  That  the  war  muft  end 
in  the  deftruftion  either  of  them,  or 
us :  That  the  fafety  of  the  one  depend- 
ed upon  the  deftru&ion  of  the  other; 
and  that  there  would  be  no  end  of  the 
war,  unlefs  the  "Dutch  were  deftroy'd. 
Therefore  as  it  was  begun  with  the 
greatefl  prudence  by  the  King,  and  de- 
fir'd  with  the  greatefl:  refolution  and  fi- 
delity by  the  Parliament,  he  exhorted 
them,  that  what  was  unanimoufly  un- 
dertaken, might  with  the  fame  general 
zeal  be  brought  to  a  conclufion :  And 
if  any  one  relinquifh'd  it  fooner,  he 
would  be  guilty  of  the  bafeft  treachery 
to  his  country.  In  the  other  he  faid, 
that  the  King  hop'd  to  have  met  his 
Parliament  with  a  token  of  the  peace 
being  finifh'd  3  which  he  had  done,  had 
not  a  haughty,  ftubborn  and  bafe  ene- 
my defigncdly  exprefs'd  a  contempt  of 
all  the  terms  of  peace :  That  he  had 
requir'd  fuch  reafonable  terms,  that  the 
Minifters  who  were  the  Arbitrators  of 

the 


Of  his   own  Time^  352 

the  Peace,  and  had  ftipulated  for  the 
faith  given  on  each  fide,  openly  declar'd, 
that  they  fhould  mediate  to  no  purpofe, 
unlefs  they  agreed  upon  thofe  terms ; 
That  firft  of  all,  the  King's  Majefty  re- 
quired nothing  more  for  himfelf,  than 
the  ancient  rights  of  his  Anceftors  in 
the  British  ocean,  which  had  been  al- 
low'd  them  from  the  earlieft  remem- 
brance of  the  Nation  5  for  were  the  do- 
minion of  the  lea  to  be  deftroy'd,  no 
one  would  be  hereafter  King  of  this 
Nation  :  Alio  that  the  dignity  fhould 
be  reftor'd  to  the  Prince  of  Orange ? 
which  he  had  deriv'd  from  his  fore-fa- 
thers :  That  only  the  Lovefttin  party, 
that  republican  faction  of  Carthage,  op- 
pos'd  it  :  And  laftly,  that  the  rights  of 
trading,  efpecially  in  the  Eafi  Indies, 
Ihould  ftand  according  to  the  agree- 
ments that  had  been  made  between  both 
Nations:  That  to  thefe  fo  juft  and  mo- 
derate demands*  the  Loveftein  faction 
returnd  nothing  but  contempt  and  in- 
folence;  who  as  they  had  fuck'd  in, 
even  from  their  nurfe,  an  eternal  ha- 
Z  z  tred 


34°      Bp.  Parker's  History 

trcd  to  the  Englifhy  fo  they  would  de- 
liver it  to  pofterity,  as  the  only  pledge 
of  their  duty  to  their  country :  That 
they  not  only  offcr'd  libels  to  the  Ar- 
bitrators of  Peace,  full  of  fuch  contu- 
melious language,  that  it  was  a  fhamc 
to  publifh  them,  but  defpis'd  all  the 
terms  of  peace  that  were  offered  them, 
with  an  air  of  difdain  :  That  after  all 
this  infolence,  they  prefently  fent  a 
Minifter  into  England,  declaring  that 
they  would  accept  of  any  terms  that  the 
King  fhould  approve  of,  how  hard  fo- 
ever.  But  their  undertaking  was  vain, 
fince  they  found  nothing  but  war  pre- 
paid againft  them.  And  then  they  ap- 
peal'd  from  the  King  to  the  people,  with 
that  faucy  and  unbecoming  language,  as 
if  they  were  to  treat  with  them,  and 
not  with  the  King,  concerning  peace 
and  war  j  nor  did  they  fo  much  defign 
a  war  abroad,  as  a  rebellion  at  home  : 
Laftly,  that  all  their  defigns  had  this 
view,  that  taking  away  the  entire  pot 
feflion  of  the  fea  from  the  English,  they 
alone  might  have  an  abfolutc  dominion 

over 


Of  his  own  Time.  541 

over  the  ocean,  or  (which  they  look 
upon  as  the  lame)  over  the  whole  world. 
Nor  would  their  agreement  with  us  in 
Religion,  which  was  a  pretence  for 
making  peace  with  them,  be  any  fecu- 
rity  ;  for  it  had  been  too  plainly  found 
from  the  earlieft  memory  and  experience 
of  mankind,  that  the  fame  intereft  in 
worldly  matters  had  brought  differences 
of  Religion  to  an  agreement  $  but  it 
was  without  example,  that  religious 
matters  mould  put  an  end  to  a  difpute, 
when  it  was  for  intereft;  and  much 
more  when  it  was  for  dominion.  Laft- 
ly,  that  the  end  of  this  war  was  not 
for  glory,  nor  for  riches,  nor  for  ex- 
tending  of  empire  5  but  that  it  was  un- 
dertaken pro  arts  &  focis  (thefe  were 
his  very  words.)  If  we  are  overcome, 
we  {hall  no  longer  be  a  free  people,  but 
the  prifoners  of  the  Conqueror  :  As  long 
as  we  poffefs  the  fea,  it  is  (as  it  always 
was)  a  bulwark  againft  our  enemies;  but 
fhould  we  lofe  that,  every  port  would 
be  turn'd  into  a  prifon.  If  therefore 
we  had  any  remains  of  love  for  our 
Z   3  country, 


34*      Bp.  Parkers  History 

country,  our  liberty,  and  our  families, 
the  war  muft  not  be  deferr'd  a  day  -,  we 
fhould  otherwise  perhaps  too  late  en- 
deavour to  fave  them. 

Behold  now  the  modefty  of  our  ad- 
vocate! who  when  he  had  charg'd  the 
deftruftion  of  the  Nation  upon  this  one 
war  againft  the  'Dutch,  could  yet  with 
the  fame  breath  commend  Shaftsbury, 
who  alone  perfuaded  and  advis'd  to  it, 
as  the  only  Preferver  of  his  Country ! 
A  great  and  notorious  lie,  I  profefs !  yet 
as  great  as  it  is,  not  unbecoming  the 
modefty  of  the  man  ! 

Then  he  proceeds  to  charge  the  fame 
Confpirators  with  fhutting  up  the  Ex- 
chequer, in  thefe  words :  That  the  King- 
dom was  involv'd  in  a  debt  of  two 
millions,  or  more  :  That  the  taxes  given 
by  the  Parliament  upon  that  account, 
were  fufficient  to  difcharge  it  5  but,  as 
if  they  thought  it  an  impious  thing  to 
apply  the  publick  money  to  its  pro- 
per ufes ;  inftead  of  clearing  the  Trea- 
fury,  as  they  had  promifed,  they  fhut  it 
up,  when  it  was  full  of  the  fortunes  of 

private 


Of  his  own  Time.  345 

private  men,  left  perhaps  it  fhould  be 
made  ufe  of  to  any  other  purpofes  than 
the  holy  war  or  crufado,  which  they 
had  defign'd  againft  the  'Dutch :  That 
the  thing  was  concerted  privately  amongft 
the  Courtiers  (who  in  his  language  were 
Confpirators)  left  by  a  difcovery  of  the 
wickednefs,  any  abatement  might  be 
made  of  the  greatnefs  of  it. 

Hence,  on  a  fudden,  a  Proclamation 
being  publifh'd  on  the  firft  of  January 
1 67 1,  a  vaft  fum  of  money  which  pri- 
vate pcrfons  had   lent  to  the  Treafury, 
was  by  manifeft  robbery  taken  from  the 
proprietors  $  innumerable  families  were 
by  publick   plunder  ftrip'd   of  all  their 
fortunes,  and  the  whole  Nation,  being 
aftoniuYd  at   fuch  unheard  of  tyranny, 
defpair'd  of  their  own  properties.     That 
nothing   is   thought    more  infamous  a- 
mong  men,  than  the  depriving  creditors 
of  what  is  lent  upon  truft,  when  there 
is  a  poffibility  of  payment:  And  that  it 
is  an  aft  of  villany  never  heard  of   be- 
fore, that  the  King's  Majefty,  who  had 
juft    before    received   very   large   taxes, 
Z  4  fliould 


344      Bp-  Parker's  History 

mould  by  a  folemn  Edict,  commit  a 
noon-day-robbcry  upon  the  fortunes  of 
his  fubje&s.  But  if  this  was  fuch  an 
ad  of  villany  as,  he  fays,  was  never 
heard  of  before,  and  even  a  noon  day 
robbery  ;  I  would  only  ask  him  who 
firft  contriv'd  it  ?  who  advis'd  ?  who 
perfuaded  to  it?  who  put  it  in  execu- 
tion? laftly,  when  it  was  put  in  execu- 
tion, who  prevented  its  being  expiated 
by  a  juft  payment?  who,  but  the  Earl 
of  Shaft sbiiry  ? 

This  abandon'd  wretch  goes  on :  Thus 
it  feem'd  good  to  the  Confpirators,  to 
try  how  all  honour  and  honefty  might 
be  firft  violated  at  home,  that  they  might 
with  greater  confidence  violate  the  fame 
abroad :  For  it  feem'd  to  be  a  fort  of 
juftice  to  treat  all  alike,  whether  ene- 
mies or  countrymen  ;  therefore  having 
committed  a  robbery  at  home,  they  be- 
gan a  pyratical  war  againft  the  cDutch 
abroad  5  for  they  had  religioufiy  ob- 
ferved  their  treaties  ever  fince  the  peace 
was  made,  and  being  confeious  of  their 
own  piety,    and   therefore  fecure  from 

any 


Of  his  own  Time.  345 

any  fear  of  the  Englijh,  they  had  freely 
traded  in  the  Britifb  feas.  Neverthe- 
lc{sy  there  was  a  defign  formed  by  the 
Confpirators,  to  furprize  their  fleet  near 
the  Iflc  of  Wight,  in  their  return  from 
AJia  and  Spain ;  but  it  was  fo  unskilful- 
ly managed,  that  they  at  once  loft  their 
booty,  and  broke  their  faith. 

There  has  been  enough  faid  already, 
by  the  Earl  of  Shaftsbury,   concerning 
'Dutch  fidelity.     Eut  our  wretched  Poet 
is   inflam'd  with  fuch  inveterate  hatred 
to  his  own  country,  that  making  a  flat- 
tering excufe  for  the  Dutch,  he  lays  all 
their  treachery  to  the  charge  of  his  own 
countrymen.     I  confefs  that  the  Englijh 
once  fail'd  in  their  faith ;    but  that  was 
done  when  Shaftsburfs  faftion  was  in 
power.     Neither  did  the  King  aflent  to 
them,  till  they  had  perfuaded  him  that 
the  folemn  obligations  of  the  alliance 
were  broken   by  the  Dutch.     Neither 
indeed  was  there  ever  wanting  occafion 
of  complaint  againft  the  Dutch ;    for 
whatfoever  they    agreed  to,    they  per- 
formed  nothing.     How   great    then   is 

the 


34^      Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  modefty  of  the  man,  in  crying  out, 
that  the  war  was  begun  without  caufe, 
when  thofe  very  men  begun  it,  whom 
he  celebrates  as  the  Prefervers  of  his 
Country  !  Neither  indeed  was  the  war 
unjufl,  tho*  it  was  begun  difhonourably 
by  them,  fince,  upon  their  removal,  it 
was  honourably  carried  on,  and  finifh'd ; 
all  the  terms  of  peace  being  agreed  to, 
which  the  King  of  England  approv'd  of, 
and  likewife  three  hundred  thoufand 
pounds  allow'd  towards  the  charges  of 
the  war.  Being  bound  by  which  alli- 
ance, they  have  ever  fince  had  the  fame 
friends  and  enemies  with  our  felves. 

Laftly,  he  attacks  the  liberty  of  Reli- 
gion, which  was  granted  to  every  one. 
By  this  one  attempt,  he  fays  that  the  an- 
cient wickednefs  of  the  gigantick  race 
was  renew'd  ;  and  our  Religion,  which 
before  was  ftrengthned  with  fo  many 
Laws,  was  exposed  naked  to  its  enemies, 
and  power  given  both  to  the  Papifts  and 
Sectaries,  to  form  a  fiege  on  each  fide, 
againft  the  Church  of  England,  which 
coil:  fo  dear.     Nor  was  the  Church  only, 

but 


Of  his  own  Time.  347 

but  alfo  the  State  fubverted ;  for  by  the 
fundamental  Laws  of  the  Kingdom,  it  is 
not  lawful  for  any  one  to  cancel  what 
is  eftablifh'd  by  Laws  ;  if  the  King  him- 
felf  fhould  do  this,  he  would  be  a  par- 
ricide to  his  country  :  That  this  there- 
fore was  the  greateft  impudence  in  the 
Confpirators,  fuch  as,  we  never  heard, 
was  attempted  in  the  memory  of  man  : 
That  now,  by  one  inftance,  they  were 
rcfolv'd  to  try  whether  the  people 
of  England  would  give  their  Kings  fo 
great  an  authority  over  the  Laws  :  If 
this  could  be  done  with  fafety,  there 
would  be  no  occafion  for  the  reprefen- 
tatives  of  the  people  affembling  in  Par- 
liament, to  pafs  Laws:  That  the  Con- 
fpirators aim'd  at  this  one  thing,  that  no 
check  might  be  given  by  the  Parliament 
to  the  indulgence  granted  by  the  King  5 
but  whatfoever  he  pleas'd  might  have 
the  force  of  a  Law. 

Whether   the  Confpirators   aim'd    at 

tyranny,    Marvel  himfelf  was  certainly 

a  proper  perfon  to  give  teftimony,  who 

if  he  was  not  their  Secretary,  was  yet 

3  admitted 


34S      Bp.   Parker's  History 

admitted  into  their  inmoft  counfels,  for 
the  fake  of  his  ancient  friendfhip  with 
them  ;  therefore  he  was  really  the  fitted 
perfon  in  the  world  to  give  evidence 
againft  his  friends  and  matters.  But 
what  they  principally  aim'd  at,  was  found 
by  the  event ;  an  army  of  Rebels  being 
immediately  railed,  which,  when  it 
fhould  fecm  convenient,  might  refcuc 
their  rights  and  liberties  from  the  extra- 
vagant tyranny  of  Kings  ;  which  was 
afterwards  remarkably  attempted,  tho' 
it  fail'd  of  fucceis.  Eehold,  in  the  mean 
time,  the  boundlefs  and  moft  intolera- 
ble impudence  of  thefe  Traitors,  that 
they,  tho'  contriving  anarchy  and  con- 
fufion,  mould  terrify  the  people  with 
the  fear  of  tyranny ! 

But  the  treachery  of  this  drunken  buf- 
foon exceeded  all  others,  who  could 
now  vehemently  blame  a  thing  as  the 
greater!:  wickednefs,  which  before  he 
had  affirm'd  in  his  bitter  writings  to  be 
every  one's  due,  both  by  human  and 
divine  right.  He  chiefly  claim'd  liberty 
of  confeience  for  the  Sectaries  5   when 

the 


Of    his  own  Time.  342 

the  King  had  granted  it,  he  did  not 
flick  to  charge  it  with  the  tyranny  of 
Nero,  only  that  he  might  bring  an  odi- 
um and  reproach  upon  his  government. 
I  will  trace  the  matter  a  little  farther 
back,  becaufc  the  Confpiracy  of  the  Sec- 
taries took  its  rife  from  thence,  which  af- 
terwards was  brought  by  all  manner  of 
treachery,  by  lying,  and  by  the  moft 
fubtle  artifices,  to  the  height  of  an  o- 
pen  Rebellion. 

It  happen  d  about  the  year  1 667,  when 
the  Englijh  Nation  was  groaning  under 
the  miferies  of  peftilcnce,  fire  and  fword, 
that  the  Fanaticks,  according  to  their  u- 
fual  cuflom,  endeavour'd  to  bring  a  new 
plague  of  fedition  upon  their  country, 
daily  fcattering  libels  among  the  com- 
mon people,  aifuming  the  utmoft  liber- 
ty for  themfelves  to  exert  their  fchifma- 
tical  rage,  and  pleading  that  all  laws, 
in  ecclefiaftical  affairs,  were  unjuft  and 
impious ;  that  every  one  ought  by  the 
right  of  nature  to  have  the  liberty  of 
his  own  Religion  5  and  that  the  fupreme 
JBeing  would  not  endure  the  great  bold- 
4  nefs 


350      Bp.  Parker's  History 

nefs  of  Kings,  in  ufurping  a  power  o- 
ver  his  fuprcme  Kingdom  of  Consci- 
ence. Moreover,  they  threatned  the 
King's  Majefty  with  their  numbers,  for 
that  the  Puritans  were  not  fo  weak  or 
cowardly,  but  that  they  both  could 
and  would  defend  and  preferve  their 
liberty  in  Religion  from  all  tyranny  : 
That  they  had  once,  and  not  long  fince, 
by  their  own  ftrcngth,  fhaken  off  an 
heavy  yoke  ;  and  the  King  mould  take 
care,  left  by  his  ramnefs  fo  great  a  num- 
ber of  brave  men  might  become  his 
enemies.  Amongft  thefe,  the  chief  were 
Sir  Charles  IVorftley?  and  Dr.  John  Owen, 
Worfiley  was  formerly  of  Cromwell's 
Privy-Council,  and  a  great  flatterer  of 
his  mafter,  being  one  of  thofe  who 
would  have  fct  the  Crown  upon  his 
head.  But  at  the  King's  return,  he  vo- 
luntarily threw  himfelf  out  of  all  the 
adminiftration  of  publick  affairs ;  and 
altho'  the  Earl  of  Shaftsbury  had  pre- 
pared a  way  for  him  to  come  into  the 
King's  Councils,  yet  he  who  not  only 
fubmitted  to,   but  kifs'd  and   embrae'd 

the 


Op  his  own  Time.  3  yt 

the  flavery  of  the  Tyrant,  difdain'd  to 
ferve,   or  even  obey  his  lawful  Sove- 
reign 5    for  he  was  of  the  clafs  of  the 
Independents,  which  fed  of  men  could 
not  bear  a  Monarchy  (except  in  Crom- 
well alone)  either  in  Church  or  State, 
but  affirm  that  all  power  is  in  the  Peo- 
ple 5  that  appeals  are  to  be  made  to  the 
People,  againft   the    Magiftrates  ;    that 
their    majefty   is  greater   than    that   of 
Kings,  who  are  created  by  them  ;   that 
therefore  Kings  arc  accountable   to  the 
People,  as   their  fovereign  Lords  $   and 
if  it  be  the  will  of  their  Lords,    they 
may  be  depos'd :    That  there  is  no  au- 
thority of  Priefts  in  the  Church,    no 
power  of  facred  Orders,    no  rights   of 
Succeffion,  but  every  one  has  a  power 
of  choofing,  not  fo  much  a  Prieft,  as  I 
know  not  what  fort  of  a  Chaplain,  if 
he  plcafes.     What  wonder  is  it,  if  men 
that  could  endure  no  government,  could 
bear  no  laws  ?  When  therefore  the  pre- 
fent  ftate  of  affairs  fcem'd  to  languifh 
under    the   aforementioned   difficulties, 
fhould  meet  together  from  all  quarters, 

that 


551      Bp.  Parker's  History 

that  whilft  the  ftrength  of  the  Govern- 
ment was  faint,  that  they  might  extort 
from  it  the  reftitution  of  their  ancient 
liberty  :  Which  being  once  granted, 
they  wou'd  not  fear  to  engage  with  an 
enemy  already  broken  by  fo  many  mif- 
fortunes.  Which  they  afterwards  did, 
as  fliall  be  related  when  we  come  to 
Oates's  confpiracy,  in  which  they  attack'd 
the  Government  with  all  their  force.  In 
the  mean  while,  Worftley  publifh'd  his 
libel.  About  the  fame  time,  John  Owen 
publifh'd  another,  bearing  this  title,  An 
Apology  for  Liberty  of  Confcience.  In 
this  book,  undertaking  the  patronage  of 
his  party,  he  is  not  afham'd  to  praifc 
the  great  loyalty  of  the  Independents  to 
the  King,  and,  according  to  his  modcfty, 
to  wipe  off  all  accufations  from  his  bre- 
thren, tho*  he  himfelf  was  dip'd  in  the 
blood  of  King  Charles  the  Firft.  But 
altho'  he  fcribbles  with  rough  and  dis- 
agreeable language,  with  no  weight  of 
reafon,  and  with  an  unheard-of  licen- 
tioufnefs  in  lying,  yet  it  makes  no  dif- 
ference in  the  judgment  of  the  people. 

For 


Of  his  own  Time.  353 

For  provided  fomething  is  written,  whe- 
ther well  or  ill,  truly  or  falily ;  (I  fay) 
provided  there  be  a  pamphlet  written, 
they  think  their  caufe  is  fufficiently  de- 
fended. He  was  from  his  youth  a  moft 
indefatigable  author  and  advocate  of  Re- 
bellion. Amoneft  the  Regicides  them- 
felvcs,  he  was  the  bittcreft  enemy  of 
the  Royal  Blood ,  who  vehemently 
exhorted  to  the  commiflion  of  that 
moft  execrable  wickednefs  5  and  in  a 
fermon  before  the  Regicides,  prais'd  and 
celebrated  it  when  it  was  done  ;  and, 
as  a  Prophet  of  God,  he  admonihYd  and 
commanded  them,  to  perfect  on  the  Po- 
fterity,  what  (under  the  divine  influence) 
they  had  begun  in  the  Father  5  for  it 
was  plcafing  to.  God,  not  only  that  the 
government  of  the  whole  family  of  the 
Stuarts  mould  be  utterly  deftroy'd,  but 
that  no  one  mould  hereafter  be  furTer'd 
to  reign  in  England.  But  I  need  not  fay- 
more  of  this  famous  Rebel  now,  fi-nce 
I  may  perhaps  write  the  whole  hiftory 
of  this  wicked  man. 


A  a  Againft 


354      Br.  Parker's  History 

Againft  thefe  invafions  of  the  enemy, 
I  entred  the  lifts,  among  others  $  tho' 
too  young  to  treat  of  fuch  momentous 
affairs.  I  fhcwM,  that  it  was  one  thing 
for  Kings  to  grant  liberty  of  confeience 
to  their  fubjetts  thro'  their  own  indul- 
gence, and  another  for  fubje&s  to  claim 
it  as  their  ftrid  right.  But  if  it  be  law- 
ful for  Kings  to  indulge  them,  yet  it  is 
a  very  dangerous  thing  to  encourage  fe- 
veral  feds  of  Religion  in  the  fame  King- 
dom; that  every  one  of  them  would 
wage  war  againft:  another,  each  of  them 
would  be  an  enemy  to  the  reft,  and  all 
of  them  to  the  Church  eftablifh'd  by 
Law  :  That  a  multitude  of  Religions  is 
a  certain  fource  for  civil  wars :  That  it 
was  found  by  the  experience  of  all  ages, 
that  differences  in  Religion  always  end- 
ed in  blows  :  That  the  Chriftian  world 
had  feldom  been  engaged  in  a  civil  war, 
which  was  not  rais'd  under  a  pretence  of 
Religion  :  That  thofe  wars  were  carried 
on  with  more  rancour  and  cruelty  than 
thofe  which  were  undertaken  in  behalf 
of  Civil  Liberty :  That  every  one's  Re- 
ligion 


Of  his   own  Time.  555 

ligion  is  dcareft  to  them,  and  their  tem- 
ples and  altars  are  of  greater  concern 
to  them,  than  their  own  habitations  and 
civil  interefts  5  therefore  they  will  fight 
with  greater!:  zeal  for  that  which  they 
value  molt  5  and  'tis  certain,  wars  for  the 
fake  of  Religion  have  always  been  moft 
inveterate  and  deftructive.  If  we  con- 
sider the  European  Nations,  how  they 
have  burnt  with  fatal  wars  in  the  laft 
age,  we  fhall  find  that  they  all  proceed- 
ed from  differences  of  Religion ;  and 
were  never  cxtinguifh'd,  till  either  the 
State  was  overthrown,  or  the  Rebellion 
lubdued.  If  we  look  upon  France  alone, 
what  a  dreadful  effufion  of  blood  did  it 
fuffer  from  the  barbarity  and  infolence  of 
the  Calvinifis,  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  the 
Second,  Francis  the  Second,  Charles  the 
Ninth,  Henry  the  Third,  Henry  theFourth, 
and  Lewis  the  Thirteenth  ?  How  did  they 
lay  plots  for  the  life  of  the  King,  un- 
der pretence  of  prefenting  an  humble 
petition,  when  Francis  the  Second  was 
but  a  minor!  How  was  Charles  the 
Ninth  treacheroufly  afiaulted  at  Meldunl 
A  a  2  And 


3  5<?      Bp.  Parkers  History 

And  had  not  the  Switzers,  with  won- 
derful art  and  courage,  and  even  to  a 
miracle,  fecur'd  him  in  the  midft  of 
fpears,  the  intended  villany  ,had  fuc- 
cecded*  How  did  they  fight  afterwards 
in  open  war,  till  the  ftrength  of  France 
was  exhaufted,  in  feveral  battles,  with 
almoft  infinite  blood- Hied!  How,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  the  Third,  did  the  prin- 
cipal Nobility  of  the  Kingdom  ftir  up 
that  feci:  to  arms  againft  the  King!  for 
they  had  not  ftrength  enough  to  rebel 
without  their  affiftance.  As  often  as 
the  Peers  had  an  inclination  to  rife  in 
arms,  the  Sectaries  were  always  ready 
for  war:  And  altho'  in  many  battles, 
they  were  {lain  in  great  numbers,  yet 
the  Hydra  prefently  fhouting  forth  a- 
gain,  the  war  was  more  vigoroufly  re- 
newM  What  did  Henry  the  Fourth  af- 
terwards obtain  by  yielding  to  the  Fac- 
tion, befides  rendring  them  more  impu- 
dent? for  by  heaping  kindnciles  upon 
them,  he  was  brought  into  fufpicion  of 
herefy,by  his  own  popifh  fubj  eels,  whence 
they  had  a  pretence  aud  cover  for  their 

wicked 


Of  his  own  Time.  357 

wicked  league.  Thus  while  he  favour'd 
both  fides,  he  pleas'd  neither ;  but  whilft 
he  flood  dubious  between  both,  he  had 
an  enemy  on  each  hand.  And  altho' 
at  firft  they  brought  aiTiftance  to  Henry 
of  Navarre,  in  claiming  his  Crown,  yet 
as  foon  as  he  embrae'd  the  Romijh  faith, 
they  fhcw'd  that  they  would  aiTift  Henry 
as  a  Calvinift,  but  not  as  a  King.  If 
he  indulg'd  them  in  any  thing,  they 
looked  upon  it  as  their  own  right;  and 
abus'd  the  Edict  of  Nantz,  and  made  it 
a  pretence  for  war.  Hence  was  the  rife 
of  the  war  againft  Lewis  his  fon :  Nei- 
ther did  they  lay  down  their  arms,  till 
being  depriv'd  of  all  their  forces  at  the 
taking  of  Rochel,  they  fell  under  the 
King's  power. 

Moreover,  they  who  require  liberty 
of  confeience  from  Kings,  as  due  to 
them  by  right,  only  aim  at  this,  that 
the  eftabliflYd  Religion  being  overthrown, 
their  own  may  be  fet  up  in  its  ftead ; 
for  fince  every  one's  own  Religion  is  in 
his  opinion  the  beft,  by  the  fame  law 
of  confeience  that  commands  him  to 
A  a  3  defire 


358      Bp.  Parker's  History 

dcfire  its  liberty,  he  is  alfo  oblig'd  to 
procure  the  encreafe  and  propagation 
of  it  throughout  the  world,  as  far  as 
he  can.  They  will  not  therefore  ceafe 
to  endeavour  it,  till  they  have  advane'd 
their  Religion  to  the  higheft  pitch.  This, 
and  much  more  to  the  fame  purpofe,  I 
wrote  concerning  the  right  of  Kings  o- 
ver  the  province  of  Confcience. 

Neverthelefs,  tho'  fuch  is  the  right  of 
Kings,  yet  they  may  at  their  pleafure 
recede  from  it ;  and  there  are  feveral 
inftances  of  it  in  the  records  of  hiftory  5 
yet  it  has  been  feldom  done  by  any  pru- 
dent King,  unlefs  he  was  conftrain'd  to 
it  by  the  fa-aits  of  war;  and  then  it  was 
recall'd  when  the  danger  was  remov'd  : 
Therefore,  the  'Dutch  war  being  ended, 
they  ciaim'd  an  indulgence  too  late  from 
the  King,  who  had  now  no  enemy  to 
fear. 

But  as  to  the  right  of  fubje&s,  which 
they  claim,  exempt  from  the  power  of 
Kings,  in  matters  of  Religion,  if  this 
be  granted,  it  will  overthrow  all  the 
right  of  Government :  for  nothing  con- 
duces 


Of   his  own   Time.  35$ 

duces  more  to  its  eftablifhment,  or  ruin, 
than  Religion.  If  it  be  peaceable,  fin- 
cere,  moderate,  modeft,  and  mild ;  if 
it  be  obedient  to  the  higher  powers  for 
confeience  fake,  it  is  much  for  the  in- 
tcreft  of  Kings  to  cultivate  the  minds 
of  their  mbjefts  with  fuch  principles. 
But  if  inftead  of  Religion,  there  be  en- 
thufiaftick  rage  5  if  it  be  fuperftition, 
mix'd  with  a  fond  credulity  5  if  it  be 
fullen,  morofe,  and  cruel,  and  tainted 
with  harfh  opinions  of  God  5  laftly,  if 
it  be  fuch  as  theirs  is  too  plainly  found 
to  be;  if  you  give  them  a  liberty  of 
teaching  what  every  one  pleafes,  you 
open  Tandords  box  full  of  evils:  For  if 
there  be  an  univerfal  liberty  defir'd,  that 
is  confined  within  no  bounds,  there 
will  be  another  power  fct  up  in  the 
Kingdom,  not  only  a  rival,  but  a  power 
always  jarring  with  the  King's.  For 
why  >  Are  not  Kings  God's  Vice-gerents  ? 
Yet  what  is  there  that  afts  in  God's  (lead, 
upon  earth,  with  more  ftrid  and  facred 
laws  than  Confeience  ?  Have  Kings  a 
power  to  determine  concerning  right  and 
A  a  4  wrong? 


360      Bp.  Parkers  History 

wrong?  Bat  the  judgment  of  Cenfcicncc 
has  greater  power,  being  the  higheft  tri- 
bunal under  God.  Can  Kings  make  laws 
concerning  virtue  ?  What  is  of  greater 
force  than  Confcience  alone  to  eftablifh 
virtue  and  honefty  ?  Can  Kings  chaitife 
wickednefs  with  fines  and  punifhments? 
yet  what  can  punifh  more  feverely  than 
the  whips  and  feourges  of  Confcience? 
Laftly,  are  not  Kings  fubjeft  to  God  a- 
lone?  fo  Confcience  fuffers  it  felf  to 
be  fubjed  to  no  other  Sovereign  but 
God,  Nay,  this  Emprcfs  Confcience, 
will  govern  not  only  with  equal,  but 
fupcrior  authority  to  Kings:  They  ani- 
madvert only  upon  outward  actions ; 
fhe  keeps  the  fecret  thoughts  of  the 
mind,  which  refufe  to  be  under  human 
power,  in  fubjeftion  to  her.  Hence,  as 
often  as  fubje&s  are  prompted  to  rebel 
againft  their  Sovereigns,  they  are  lifted 
under  Confcience,  which  is  exempt  from 
all  jurifdi&ion,  and  call'd  forth  to  war. 
Under  her  condud  they-rife  in  arms: 
By  her  beck  and  counfel,  all  the  mad- 
nefs  of  the  people  is  turn'd  into  Reli- 
gion; 


Of  his  own  Time.  3S1 

gion  5  every  thing  facrcd  is  violated  by 
fanatick  rage.   Whitherfoevcr  every  one's 
Confcience  calls  him,    they  madly  fol- 
low.    Whether   they   kill   Kings,  mur- 
ther  the  Nobility,    break  the  peace  of 
the  Church,   and  involve  themfelves  in 
Perjury,    'tis  Confcience  that  bad  them 
do  it  all.     And  whatfoever  they  wifh  or 
defire,    they  account   it   as   ratified  and 
rendred  facred    by  her   command.      If 
therefore   an  abfolute  Liberty  of   Con- 
fcience be  demanded,    Kings  will  have 
no  power,    and  every  man  will  be  his 
own  King.     It  is  certain,  Kings  have  a 
power  over  men  5  but  every  one's  Con- 
fcience   is   the  Man  himfelf,    therefore 
the  Man,    and   the  Confcience  of  tbe 
man,  is  the  fame :  If  therefore  they  have 
no  power  over  the  one,  they  have  no 
power  over  the  other. 

When  the  right  to  an  univerfal  Li- 
berty of  Confcience  is  taken  away,  it 
is  afterwards  to  be  requir'd  only  upon 
certain  conditions  5  therefore  Confcience 
it  felf  is  not  to  be  oppos'd  to  the  com- 
mands of  Kings,  but  fome  Law  by  which 

fomc- 


561      Bp.  Parker's  History 

fomething  antecedent  is  commanded, 
contrary  to  their  commands.  Now  a 
divine  Law  can  be  of  force  againft  them ; 
therefore  the  Sectaries  muft  produce 
fome  Law  out  of  the  holy  Bible,  by  which 
they  are  forbidden  to  pay  obedience  to 
the  eftabiifh'd  rules  of  the  Church  of 
England :  If  they  cannot,  they  are  ob- 
liged to  obey :  Then  the  moft  celebrated 
Liberty  of  Confcience  muft  fall,  and  the 
difpute  be  brought  only  to  this,  whe- 
ther the  Church  of  England  has  com- 
manded any  thing  that  is  forbidden  by 
God  >  But  all  the  contention  that  is 
rais'd  by  them,  is  concerning  fome  ce- 
remonies of  worfhip  ;  as  whether  it  is 
lawful  to  mark  the  forehead  of  a  per- 
fon  that  is  baptiz'd,  with  thefignofthe 
crofs ?  Whether  we  may  wear  a  furplice 
in  performing  divine  fervicc?  Whether 
wc  may  receive  the  holy  Sacrament 
kneeling?  and  the  like.  Which  if  they 
arc  trifles,  are  yet,  even  in  Calvin's  judg- 
ment, tolerable  ones,  never  forbidden 
in  the  holy  Bible,  and  therefore  fubjeft 
to  human  laws.     And  if  perhaps  they 

are 


Of   his   own  Time.  363 

arc  not  agreeable  to  fome  nice  perfons, 
yet  they  arc  not  of  fo  much  moment 
as  to  be  prcferr'd  before  the  peace  and 
authority  of  the  Church.  It  ought  to 
be  fomething  great  and  national,  that 
fhould  afford  a  lawful  cxcufe  for  a  di- 
vision in  the  Church,  as  Optatus  for- 
merly laid  to  the  "Donatifts,  who  faid 
they  would  rather  die  than  return  into 
the  Church.  He  fpoke  to  this  effect : 
It  is  faid  to  no  one,  T>eny  God  5  it  is 
faid  to  no  one,  Bum  your  Tefiament  • 
it  is  faid  to  no  one,  Either  offer  Frank- 
incenfe,  or  pull  down  your  Churches  5 
for  fuch  things  as  thefe,  are  wont  to 
produce  martyrdoms.  And  againft  the 
fame  perfons,  St.  Aufl'm  alfo  fpeaks  to 
Januarius;  That  which  is  enjoined,  which 
is  neither  contrary  to  the  Catholick  Faith, 
nor  to  good  Morality,  is  to  be  taken  in- 
differently, and  obferv'd  for  the  fake  of 
that  Society  in  which  we  live.  This  was 
always  a  law  to  all,  that  little  matters 
were  not  fufficient  to  juftify  divisions? 
but  whatfocver  is  commanded,  unlefs  it 
be    plainly   impious,    becomes  a  duty. 

By 


3^4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

By  this  one  Law,  the  Church  and  State 
has  always  flood  ;  and  if  this  be  taken 
away,  there  can  be  no  right  or  power 
of  Government  5  for  its  power  only  ex- 
tends to  thefe  things.  Moreover,  the 
excufes  which  they  pretend  for  the  de- 
fence of  their  Schifm,  are  fought  for 
only  as  a  pretence  for  war  :  And  firft  of 
all,  as  for  their  great  maxim,  That  no- 
thing is  lawful  in  divine  worfhip,  except 
it  be  commanded  by  God  5  it  is  not  only 
faid  without  reafon,  but  falfly :  For  no- 
thing is  appointed  by  God  concerning 
the  Chriftian  Worfhip,  except  the  two 
Sacraments  5  all  other  things  are  left  to 
the  difcretion  of  the  Church.  And  if 
this  maxim  is  of  any  force,  it  will  hold 
no  lefs  againft  them,  than  againft  the 
Church,  fince  they  ufe  their  manner  of 
worfhip  as  well  as  we  ufe  ours.  The 
fame  is  alfo  prov'd  concerning  their  o- 
ther  excufes,  of  chriftian  liberty,  of  the 
obligation  of  not  giving  offence  to  weak 
brethren,  of  the  authority  of  a  doubt, 
ful  and  uncertain  confeience ;  all  thefe, 
of  how  great  authority  foever  they  are, 

muft 


Of    his  own  Time.  365 

muft  fubmit  to  the  power  of  Kings. 
There  is  no  right  better  than  theirs,  un- 
der God  5  therefore  thefe  leller  matters 
muft  altogether  vanifh  away,  if  this  in- 
terpofes. 

Laftly,  I  fhew'd  that  it  was  neither 
juft  nor  modeft  for  them  to  ask  any  in- 
dulgence of  the  King,  who  were  all 
lately  involved  in  Treafon  5  and  that  fuch 
a  liberty,  defied  by  fuch  perfons,  did 
not  tend  towards  Religion,  but  Rebel- 
lion. If  they  are  the  fame  perfons  that 
they  were,  they  are  open  and  profefled 
enemies  of  Monarchy  5  that  if  they  re- 
fus'd  to  renew  the  pledges  of  their  alle- 
giance and  fidelity,  they  mould  at  leaft 
ingenuoufly  give  fome  tokens  of  it. 
Perhaps  by  that  modefty  they  might  ob- 
tain the  King  s  indulgence.  Otherwife, 
they  would  offer  an  affront  to  his  Ma- 
jefty,  in  thinking  him  fo  weak  and  fool- 
ifh,  as  to  give  fuch  open  enemies  an 
opportunity  of  forming  themfelves  again 
into  cabals  and  confpiracies.  And  this 
would  certainly  be  the  confequence,  if 
they  were  allowed  to  meet  together  in 

compa- 


3 66      Bi\  Parker's  History 

companies  and  conventicles,  as  they 
pleas'd  :  For  it  was  known  that  their 
Leaders  and  Teachers  were  all  veteran 
enemies  of  the  Royal  Caufe,  and  were 
all  imaged  with  an  infatiable  defire  of 
bringing  their  Kings  into  fubje&ion : 
That  they  attempted  to  fubvert  the  Con- 
ftitution,  under  a  pretence  of  main- 
taining their  liberty  $  and  would  never 
be  at  reft,  till  by  violence  they  had 
wrefted  the  King's  Scepter  from  him  : 
That  it  was  not  a  matter  of  Religion, 
but  of  government  5  whether  they  fhould 
obey  Kings,  or  Kings  fhould  fubmit  to 
them.  By  their  principles,  the  People 
are  fuperior  to  Kings,  and  have  a  power 
to  punifh  them :  That  the  order  of  things 
being  inverted,  Kings  fhould  be  fubjedt 
to  their  Subjects,  and  Subje&s  govern. 
For  what  elfe  is  the  meaning  of  that 
great  maxim  of  them  all,  That  it  is  not 
only  lawful  for  the  States  of  the  King- 
dom to  reftrain  the  licentioufnefs  of 
Kings  by  force,  but  that  they  receiv'd 
this  power  from  God  himfelf ,  and  un- 
lefs  they  ufc  it,  they  are  bafe  betrayers 

of 


Of  hi  s  own  Tim  e.  3^7 

of  the  liberty  of  the  people  that  is  com- 
mitted to  their  charge.  What  alio  means 
that  principle,  That  the  King  is  fubjeft 
to  the  Law,  and  the  Law  to  the  People  ; 
and  that  it  is  lawful  to  rcfift  a  King  that 
oppreffes  the  Kingdom,  or  lays  wafte  the 
Church  of  God ;  and  to  purfue  him 
with  war,  if  he  perfifts  in  it  5  and  to 
punifh  him  in  what  manner  they  pleafe, 
if  he  is  overcome  ?  Laftly,  if  viftory  in- 
clines to  the  Rebels  fide,  they  call  their 
fuccefs  a  token  of  Divine  Favour  :  And 
whatsoever  rebellious  Subjects  do  againft 
their  King,  they  do  it  by  the  direction 
of  Providence.  Thefe  principles  are 
common  to  all  the  Sectaries,  efpecially 
the  Presbyterians  and  Independents  ; 
who  as  they  are  very  numerous,  fo  they 
are  the  chief  that  claim  Liberty  of  Con- 
fcience.  The  moft  famous  Teachers  in 
each  Seel  taught  all  thefe  things,  not 
only  in  their  fermons,  but  in  books  that 
are  publiuYd.  If  they  denied  this,  we 
were  ready  to  prove  it,  from  their  own 
writings :  which,  when  afterwards  they 
were  not  afham'd  to  deny,  was  fuffici- 
3  cntly 


368       Bp.  Parker's  History 

ently  demonftrated.  If  the  liberty  of 
their  Meetings  were  granted  to  them, 
every  Conventicle  where  fuch  doctrines 
are  fet  forth,  would  be  a  plentiful  ma- 
gazine of  Rebellion.  Laftly,  whatfo- 
evcr  they  afterwards  did,  I  foretold  it  ; 
neither  indeed  had  any  one  that  knew 
the  men  any  occafion  for  the  fpirit  of 
prophecy  or  divination,  to  foretell  what 
would  be  the  iffue  5  for  where  the  eagles 
are  gather'd  together,  it  is  a  fure  token, 
that  the  carcafles  are  near.  Their  Teach- 
ers in  vain  ftrive  to  conceal  it,  fincc 
the  more  they  endeavour  to  hide  their 
wickednefs,  fo  much  the  more  it  is  dif- 
cover'd.  When  therefore  there  was  no 
innocent,  no  learned,  no  fober  man  of 
the  Faction,  that  would  defend  their 
caufe,  at  length  they  fent  forth  this 
fcofFer  upon  the  ftage,  who  when  he 
had  turn'd  every  thing  that  was  ferious 
into  mockery  and  ridicule,  the  people, 
with  loud  laughter,  at  once  applauded 
and  defpis'd  the  buffoon.  Thus,  by  ri- 
diculing God  and  the  King,  Religion, 
the  Church,  and  common  Modefty,  by 
4  comical 


Op  his   own   Time.  3  £  j> 

comical  and  lewd  buffoonery,    they  c- 
luded  the    moil  important  controvcrfy. 

Nor  was  any  thing  ferioufly  written, 
befides  praifes  of  the  Royal  Indulgence 
for  the  Liberty  of  Confcience  that  was 
granted  to  the  Diffenters :  For  this  he 
joyfully  congratulates  both  the  King  and 
Kingdom  ;  hence  he  foretells  every  thing 
profperous  to  both,  and  affirms,  that  by 
this  one  piece  of  policy,  the  Govern- 
ment was  cftabliuYd,  divifions  were  clos'd, 
and  the  foundations  of  everlafting  peace 
were  laid,  li  there  were  any  that  mould 
oppofe  it,  they  would  be  enemies,  not 
only  of  the  Kingdom,  but  of  the  Royal 
Prerogative ;  for  it  is  its  principal  right, 
to  indulge  with  clemency  in  matters  of 
Religion.  Civil  Laws  arc  always  in 
force;  but  Ecclcfiailical  are  at  the  plca- 
fure  of  the  King.  Neither  can  he  life 
his  power  better  than  by  relaxing  the 
Laws,  in  behalf  of  tender  confeiences. 
Behold !  This  is  the  fame  author,  who 
who  at  another  time,  that  he  might  caft 
envy  and  reproaches  upon  the  King, 
loudly  affirm'd  that  by  the  fame  indul- 
B  b  eence 


57°      Br.  Parker's  History 

gence  Religion  was  betrayed,  the  State 
fubverted,  the  Laws  fcornfully  ridicul'd 
and  eluded  ;  and  that  Tyranny  was  aim'd 
at  and  propos'd.  This  truly  is  the  ipirit 
of  the  faction,  to  abufe  every  thing  to 
the  deftru&ion  of  the  kingdom,  to  breath 
heat  and  cold  out  of  the  fame  mouth, 
as  either  (hall  feem  likely  to  produce  the 
greater  mifchicf. 

From  this  fountain  fprang  the  greateft 
calamities  and  misfortunes  of  the  Englift 
Government  5  for  this  liberty  being  once 
granted,  one  ruin  precipitately  tumbled 
and  rolled  upon  another :  Firft  of  all, 
as  the  Majefty  of  the  Government  was 
weakned  bv  yielding  to  rebellious  fub- 
jefts,  fo  their  boldncfs  and  infolcncc  in 
Rebellion  was  increas'd :  For  they  faid 
that  the  Toleration  was  not  granted  by 
love,  but  extorted  thro'  fear;  therefore 
they  did  not  acknowledge  that  they 
were  oblig'd  to  the  King  for  any  kind- 
nefs  y  for  if  he  had  not  granted  it  in 
time,  he  mould  have  found  both  their 
po  ver  and  their  refolution.  But  their 
liberty  being  now  gotten,  or  rather  re. 

ftor'd, 


Of  his   own   Time.  371 

ftor'd,  they  wou'd  never  hereafter  fufFcr 
themfeives  to  be  tamely  brought  into 
flavcry.  By  thefe  allurements  (for  no- 
thing is  fweeter  to  the  people  than  the 
name  and  fhadow  of  Liberty;  they  brought 
over  fo  many  of  the  populace,  on  all 
hands,  to  their  party,  that  the  whole 
Nation  immediately  groan'd  under  them, 
and  wondred  to  fee  it  feif  become  fa- 
natical. 

I  thought  it  nccellary  to  infift  the 
longer  upon  this  fubject,  becaufe  as  it  is 
a  matter  of  the  axeateft  moment  in  hu- 
man  life,  fo  it  is  as  yet  fcarcc  fufficient- 
ly  underftood,  even  by  the  wifeit  men. 
Upon  this  rock,  moll  Politicians  have 
chiefly  fplit,  who  being  but  moderate!) 
folicitous  about  Religion  themfeives. 
look  upon  it  impertinent  to  trouble  o- 
thers  about  it:  They  think  it  is  ufual 
for  the  people  to  pleafe  themfeives  w  it  h 
their  own  fancies  in  Religion  ;  that  if 
they  leave  every  one  to  his  own  fupcr 
fhtion,  they  will  be  pleas'd  as  children 
arc  with  baubles,  and  be  quiet  ;  but  if 

'i   deny  them,    you  may  more  fafely 
B  b  2  provoke 


$ji      Bp.  Parker's  History 

provoke  a  neft  of  hornets.  That  hence 
arife  frequent  civil  wars,  becaufc  the 
weaknefs  of  the  common  people  is  not 
indulg'd  :  Por  if  you  let  them  alone, 
they  will  be  eafy;  but  fuperftition  dif- 
turb'd,  is  turn'd  into  rage  and  enthu- 
fiafm.  Laftly,  that  Religion  is  to  be 
promoted  by  inftruclion,  not  by  vio- 
lence, which  if  it  be  ufed,  it  will  force 
an  outward  mew  of  piety,  but  will  pro- 
duce nothing  but  Atheifm,  and  a  hatred 
of  all  Religion;  for  whatever  is  done 
by  compuliion,  will  always  be  ungrate- 
ful. I  have  known  thefe  to  be  popu- 
lar arguments,  and  of  great  efteem  a- 
mongft  the  writers  of  hiftory,  and  not 
only  men  of  a  {lender  reputation,  but 
thole  of  confiderable  weight  5  and  they 
cfpecially  pleas'd  the  great  Thuanus  him- 
lelf,  the  father  of  modern  hiftory,  who 
thro'  the  candour  of  his  temper  did  in 
every  page  recommend  this  moderation 
in  the  affairs  of  the  Church.  But  this 
otherwife  difcerning  man,  did  not  per- 
ceive, that  it  is  one  thing  for  Religion 
to  be  fore'd,   and  another  for  it  to  be 

defended 


Of  his   own  Time.  373 

defended  or  rcpcll'd  by  force.  I  con- 
fels  it  ought  not  to  be  fore'd,  for  if  it 
is  not  voluntary,  it  is  nothing.  But  if 
a  new  Religion  is  entring  into  the  coun- 
try of  any  Prince,  if  it  is  not  pleafing 
to  him,  he  may  repel  it  by  force  and 
arms.  If  it  be  finccre,  harmlefs  and 
innocent,  let  it  enter,  as  the  Chriftian 
Faith  did  in  the  firft  ages ;  but  if  it  ufes 
violence  to  propagate  it  fclf,  it  will  be 
open  Rebellion.  There  is  therefore  no 
danger  from  Religion,  how  muchfoever 
opprefs'd,  if  it  be  ingenuous  and  mo- 
deft  5  if  it  be  not,  it  is  to  be  refitted 
and  rcpuls'd  as  an  enemy.  But  this  has 
been  the  crime  and  pefl  of  all  tefts, 
that  being  forbidden,  they  do  not  flick 
to  maintain  themfclves  by  war  againft 
the  commands  of  Kings  5  in  fubduing 
whom,  force  was  not  oppos'd  to  Reli- 
gion, but  force  againft  force.  Religion 
is  not  the  matter  in  difpute  only,  the 
Kingdom  is  to  be  defended  againft  a 
hoftile  invafion  :  They  may  think  what 
they  pleafe,  provided  they  do  not  raife 
a  flame  in  another's  territories.  But  if 
B  b  3  they 


374      Bp.  Parkbr's  History 

they  dare  to  do  it,  they  defervc  to  fuf- 
fer  punifhment  for  their  rafhnefs  and 
prciumption.  If  indeed  any  King  mould 
invade  another's  Country,  only  that  he 
might  impofc  his  Religion  upon  the 
vanquiftYd,  that  would  be  forcing  of 
Religion  5  neither  truly  do  I  think  it 
lawful.  But  to  defend  a  Religion  which 
the  authority  and  legiflature  of  the  King- 
dom has  before  embrae'd,  and  eftablifh'd 
by  laws,  againft  a  new  pcriuafion,  this 
is  not  to  force  my  Religion  upon  o. 
thers,  but  to  defend  it  againft  the  force 
that  is  offer'd  to  it.  And  this  has  been 
the  true  ftate  of  the  war  in  every  King- 
dom, between  Kings  and  them  that  are 
given  to  change.  Thefe  were  the  firft 
asgreffois,  whom  when  Princes  would 
drive  out  of  their  Country  by  force, 
they  do  not  offer  violence  to  their  Re- 
ligion, but  prevent  their  offering  force 
to  their  own.  This  ought  to  be  the  firft 
and  principal  motive  and  ground  of  war 
for  Religion,  not  to  promote  my  Reli- 
gion by  arms,  but  to  put  a  flop  to  the 
promoting  of  another. 

Another 


Of  his  own  Time.  375 

Another  reafon  is,  when  the  autho- 
rity of  the  State  has  for  the  fupport  of 
the  Church  cnafted  penal  Laws  againft 
obftinate  delinquents.  I  confefs  there 
was  no  occafion  for  this  power  at  the 
firft  appearance  of  the  Chriftian  Faith  : 
For  when  they  could  invite  men  into 
the  Church  without  any  allurement,  but 
only  the  fincere  love  of  Religion,  it  was 
then  fufficicnt  punifhment  for  any  one 
to  be  call:  out  of  that  fociety,  in  which 
alone  they  thought  a  happy  life  was  to 
be  obtain'd,  into  the  confines  of  hell 
and  evcrlafting  deftruction.  Therefore 
in  the  infancy  of  Chriftianity,  the  pu- 
nifhment of  excommunication  very  well 
fufficcd  for  the  difcipline  of  the  Church. 
For  what  could  ftrike  greater  terror  up- 
on the  minds  of  men  than  the  fear  of 
evcrlafting  punifhment  immediately  en- 
filing?  which  was  thought  mod  certainly 
to  follow  the  fentence  of  excommuni- 
cation. But  when  Emperors  and  Kings 
afterwards  came  into  the  Church,  and 
hcap'd  great  privileges  upon  it,  the  wic- 
ked as  well  as  the  good  equally  follow'd 
Bb  ^  fuch 


57^      Bi\  Parker's  History 

fuch  leaders  j  only  the  former  feem'd  to 
ad  with  greater  zeal,  becaufc  they  fol- 
lowed not  the  Church,  but  the  Court  5 
being  worfliippers  of  the  Emperor,  not 
of  Chrift.  Hence  arofc  a  new  province 
and  duty  for  Princes  to  take  care  that 
no  harm  might  happen  to  the  Church 
upon  their  account.  Therefore  leaving 
to  the  Church  its  own  jurifdiction  over 
ail  that  arc  influenced  by  true  Religion, 
they  refolv'd  to  drive  thofe  from  the 
Church  by  the  imperial  fword,  whom 
the  Church  could  not  reach  with  the 
fpiritual.  For  the  wicked,  altho'  they 
regarded  not  its  fentence,  yet  as  long 
as  they  profefs'd  themfelves  Chriftians> 
they  gave  as  much  offence  as  if  they 
were  really  fo.  The  Emperor  therefore 
took  them  under  his  temporal  jurifdic- 
tion,  and  kept  off  thofe  whom  the 
Church  had  caft  out,  which  flic  was  not 
able  in  her  felf  to  do  5  and,  as  he  plcas'd, 
chaftiz'd  them  with  punifhments,  not  as 
Chriftians,  but  as  obftinate  and  rebelli- 
ous fubjecls.  This  ufc  of  penal  Laws 
in  matters  of  Religion,   prevail'd  from 

the 


Of   his  own  Time.  377 

the  times  of  Conftantine ;  which  always 
follow'd  the  fentence  of  the  Church, 
but  never  went  before  it.  Hence  was 
that  great  bulk  of  Imperial  Laws,  con- 
cerning the  affairs  of  the  Church;  hence 
were  the  Codices  of  the  Emperors  Theo- 
dojius  and  Juflinian  5  hence  the  Bafilka 
in  the  Ea/f,  and  the  Capitularia  in  the 
Weft.  And  this  was  the  only  defence 
of  the  Church  by  the  Emperors,  not 
abfolutely  palling  Eccleflaftical  Laws, 
but  maintaining  them  when  made  by 
the  Church,  and  ratifying  them  with  pe- 
nal fanctions. 

The  kind  reader  will,  I  hope,  forgive 
the  extraordinary  length  of  this  relation. 
The  remembrance  of  frefti  mifery,  is  apt 
to  lengthen  out  difcourfe,  and  incline 
us  to  bewail  it.  That  terrible  ftorm  is 
before  my  eyes,  in  which  we  faw  our 
Country  almoft  fwallow'd  up.  I  fecm 
to  my  fclf  to  behold  all  the  dangers  of 
fhipwreck  ;  the  fhip  one  while  daflVd 
againft  the  rocks,  another  time  fuck'd 
in  by  the  waves,  tofs'd  about  from  fide 
to  fide,  and  ready  to  perifh  under  every 

billow  5 


37s      Bp.  Parker's  History 

billow  j  bat  at  length,  when  all  hopes 
of  fafety  were  defpair'd  of,  brought  by 
a  kind  of  miracle,  fafe  into  the  haven. 
We  were  fo  near  to  deftruftion,  that  we 
can  hardly  believe  that  we  ftill  live; 
neither  can  we  look  back  without  hor- 
ror upon  the  greatnefs  of  the  danger. 
But  whatfoever  evils  we  fuffer'd,  they 
all  proceeded  from  this  unhappy  policy. 
The  enemies  of  the  Kingdom  had  la- 
bour'd  for  twelve  years  in  making  this 
engine,  before  they  could  prevail  to  have 
it  received  within  our  walls.  When 
they  had  gained  this  point,  thinking 
they  had  now  fufficiently  accomplifh'd 
their  bufinefs,  they  ftuck  at  nothing, 
and  immediately  drawing  all  their  forces 
together,  they  broke  forth  into  civil 
war :  For  the  fame  day  that  liberty  was 
granted  to  thefe  Sectaries,  the  fame  men 
begun  (what  they  call'd)  the  papal  war  > 
and  under  a  pretended  fear  and  hatred 
of  popery,  they  confpir'd  both  againft 
Church  and  State.  Eut  as  foon  as  the 
clamour  about  that  matter  ceas'd,  they 
daily  ftruck  new  terrors  into  the  cre- 
dulous 


Of  his  own  Time.  372 

dulous  people  :  And  for  fix  years  toge- 
ther there  was  a  continual  trcmblinsr 
and  conftcrnation  on  every  fide  con- 
cerning the  invafions  of  the  Papifts,  till 
at  length,  in  Oates's  plot,  their  villany 
burft  out.  They  had  then  every  thing 
fo  prepar'd  for  involving  the  Nation  in 
a  civil  war,  that  if  that  unhappy  Con- 
fpiracy  had  not  happened  at  that  time, 
they  themfclvcs  would  have  brought  an- 
other to  perfection,  which  would  have 
been  publifh'd  to  the  people  on  the  firft 
day  of  the  Parliament's  meeting,  as  we 
fhall  fhew  at  the  proper  time,  if  God 
mail  grant  us  a  continuance  in  life. 
In  the  mean  time,  thofe  very  men,  by 
whofe  fraud  and  importunity  this  liber- 
ty was  extorted,  turn'd  the  King's  mercy 
into  a  charge  againft  him,  and  the  very 
contrivers  of  it  were  the  firft  that  cried 
out  that  it  was  big  with  a  popifli  de- 
fign. 

There  were  two    inchanting    terms, 

which  at  the  firft  pronunciation  could, 

like   Circe's   intoxicating    cups,    change 

men  into  beads  5   namely,  Topery-,  and 

4-  the 


380      Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  French  Interefl.  Which  words,  if 
any  one  did  but  (lightly  mention  in  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  all  fcrious  coun- 
fels  were  immediately  turn'd  into  rage 
and  clamour.  If  men,  other  wife  fober 
did  only  hear  them  once,  it  was  furfL 
cient  to  raife  them  to  a  degree  of  mad- 
nefs.  But  thefe  infatuating  words  be- 
ing laid  afide,  they  had  hitherto  behav'd 
themfelves  with  becoming  modefty  to- 
wards the  Kings  Majefty.  And  as  at 
their  firfl:  meeting,  no  Parliament  in  a- 
ny  age  was  ever  more  eminent  for  fide- 
lity and  obedience  to  the  King ;  lb  they 
could  never  be  prevailed  upon  by  any 
allurements  to  revolt  entirely  from  their 
firfl:  loyalty  and  obedience  :  and  if  per- 
haps they  were  in  a  ferment  for  a  time, 
yet  when  the  tempeft  of  their  anger 
was  a  little  fallen,  they  return'd  both 
to  themfelves  and  to  their  duty  5  which 
they  fhew'd  in  nothing  more  than  in 
raifing  of  taxes :  for  there  hardly  pafs'd 
a  feflion  in  which  they  had  not  grant- 
ed whatfoever  mm  the  King  defir'd, 
with  a  free  and  generous  fpirit.  And 
4  perhaps 


Of    his  own  Time.  5 8 r 

perhaps  by  their  munificence,  they  had 
in  fome  nicafurc  taught  the  King  to  be 
prodigal,  who  was  naturally  not  very 
parfimonious :  For  he  that  was  in  his 
own  difpofition  too  liberal,  having  im- 
menfe  riches  heap'd  upon  him,  could 
not  refrain  himfelf  from  indulging  his 
liberality  too  much  ;  neither  do  I  think 
that  any  thing  had  fo  ill  an  effect  upon 
the  King,  as  that  profufe  tax  of  two 
millions  and  a  half,  which  they  rais'd 
in  1664,  for  the  firft  cDutch  war.  From 
which  time,  being  accuftom'd  to  great 
expenccs,  without  fear  of  want,  he  ne- 
ver afterwards  could  learn  a  more  cau- 
tious and  moderate  liberality.  But  to 
return  to  the  feries  of  affairs. 

When  the  Duke  of  Tork  had  by  his  oa%  1:>. 
Proxy  betrotlVd  the  Duchefs  of  Modena-,  l673- 
they  humbly  petitioned  the  King,  de- 
firing  that  he  would  command  the  mar- 
riage to  be  cancell'd.  Hereupon  the 
feffion  was  prorogued  for  fix  days,  that 
they  might  confider  with  thcmfelvcs, 
how  indecently  they  had  intermeddled 
with  an  affair  that  was  out  of  their  pro- 
vince. 


*j8a      Bp.  Parker's  History 

vince.  But  the  firft  day  of  their  meet- 
ing again,  the  fame  petition  was  not 
only  renew'd,  but  ftrengthned  and  in- 
fore'd  with  arguments ;  That  if  fuch  a 
marriage  fhould  be  confummated,  it 
would  endanger  Religion,  give  great 
fcandal  and  grief  to  the  King  s  Proteftant 
fubje&s,  and  engage  the  King  in  Popifti 
alliances:  That  it  had  been  long  per- 
ceivd,  that  fuch  marriages  encouragd 
the  growth  of  Popery :  That  this  had 
rais'd  the  fpirits  of  the  Papifts  too  much: 
That  they  would  not  have  the  reve- 
rence and  love  of  the  people  of  Eng- 
land towards  the  Duke  of  Tork  (which 
was  very  great)  be  leffend  and  abated: 
That  it  was  a  wretched  thing  that  the 
Nation  mould  never  be  free  from  the 
fear  of  Popery  :  That  it  had  been  now 
for  a  hundred  years  under  the  dread  of 
it  :  And  laftly,  that  the  Duchcfs  had 
many  confiderable  relations  in  the  Court 
of  Rome. 

The  King  imiling,  anfwer'd,  that  he 
was  not  a  Pope,  that  could  diffolve  and. 
annul  a  marriage  that  was  perform'd  ac* 

cording 


Of  his  own  Tim  e.  385 

cording  to  the  Law  of  Nations  ;    and 
that  he  wondred  that  they  had  not  in^ 
terpos'd  when  the  Duke  not  long  fince 
had  defir'd  a  marriage  with  the  Duchefs 
of  Viponts:  That  certainly  the  rights  of 
marriage    were    as    free    and    open    to 
Princes  of   the  Royal    Line   as  to  any 
other.     Having  receiv'd  this  anfwer,  and 
being  influcne'd  by  imprudent  council, 
they  rafhly,  and  as  it  were  tumultuoufly, 
pafs'd    thefe   three   votes  :    Firft,    That 
they  would    not   grant   any   taxes,    till 
Religion   fhould    be   fecur'd    by  the  re- 
moval of  Popifh  Couniellors.     Second- 
ly,  That  publick  prayers  fhould  be  ap- 
pointed to  appeafe  the  divine  anger,  and 
prevent  the  approaches  of  Popery.    And 
laftly,    that  the   fmall  army  which  the 
King  had,  fhould  be  disbanded.     Then 
the  Parliament  was  prorogued  to  the  7th 
of  January,  and  Shaftsbury  being  now 
remov'd,  the  marriage  was  folemniz'd. 

On  the  7th  of  January,  1 674,  the  Par* 
liament  met;  and  at  the  opening  of  it, 
the  King  complain'd  that  he  had  in  vain 
endeavour'd  to    bring  the  TDutch  to  a 

peace ; 


384      f>p.  Parker's  History 

peace  ;  for  they  derided  all  the  terms  of 
accommodation,  and  while  they  pretend- 
ed to  treat  in  earned  about  it,  they  were 
in  the  mean  time  bufy  in  preparing  for 
war  :  Therefore  he  advis'd  them  to  put 
a  feafonable  flop  to  the  enemy  ;  for  he 
had  a  fleet  well  fitted  out,  provided  pay 
was  not  wanting  for  the  feamen;  and 
if  they  would  enable  him  to  pay  them, 
he  promised  that  he  would  procure  fuch 
a  peace  from  the  enemy,  as  they  them- 
felves  mould  think  honourable.  Other- 
wife  the  Dutch  would  impofe  upon  him, 
being  unarnVd,  whatioever  terms  that 
haughty  Nation  mould  think  fit.  And 
this  alone  had  made  the  enemy  averfe 
to  peace,  becaufe  they  received  infor- 
mation from  Englandy  that  the  Parlia- 
ment would  grant  no  fupplies  for  the 
war ;  when  that  vain  hope  was  remov'd, 
he  mould  eafily  obtain  fuch  a  peace  as 
they  defir'd. 

But  they  had  no  regard  to  whatfocver 
was  faid  about  peace  or  war,  for  Reli- 
gion was  before  all  things  at  their  heart; 
they  faid  that,  was  in  more  danger  from 

the 


Of  his  own  Time.  3$j 

the  Papifts,  than  the  Kingdom  was  from 
the  Dutch.  Pirft  of  all,  therefore,  a 
day  of  fading  and  ftipplication  muft  be 
proclaim'd;  then  every  one's  rights  and 
liberties  muft  be  refcued  from  tyranny: 
That  this  was  not  to  be  hop'd  for,  unlefs 
the  evil  Counfellors  were  remov'd,  who 
were  at  prefent  in  the  higheft  power  i 
Laftly,  fmce  there  was  fo  great  a  cla- 
mour (rais'd  defignedly  by  themfelvcs) 
concerning  a  Popifh  Confpiracy,  they 
beg  the  King  that  the  Train- Bands  might 
be  in  a  readinefs  for  a&ion,  in  every 
County  of  the  Nation,  efpecially  at 
London. 

Upon  this  the  people  were  aftonifh'd 
and  amaz'd,  being  the  more  concern  d, 
becaufe  they  heard  that  they  were  near 
to  fo  great  a  danger,  and  yet  knew  not 
whence  it  rofe,  or  where  it  lay  ;  for 
they  faw  no  enemy  at  home  that  was 
able  to  carry  on  a  war,  unlefs  every  fin- 
gle  perfon  could  kill  five  hundred ;  for 
the  number  of  papifts  is  not  greater  in 
proportion  to  the  reft  ;  neither  did  they 
much  fear  that  it  would  rain  armed 
C  c  men. 


3 8^>      Bp.  Parker's  History 

men.  When  they  found  that  no  ene- 
my could  be  fo  near  at  hand,  unlcis 
they  came  from  beyond  fea,  they  were 
in  a  vaft  terror  concerning  a  defcent  to 
be  made  by  the  French  ;  by  which  fraud 
they  chiefly  impos'd  upon  the  people, 
becaufe  they  always  join'd  the  French  to 
the  Popilh  Intereft :  As  if  the  one  was 
to  lay  the  fchemes,  and  the  other  put 
them  in  execution  ;  and  if  there  was 
occafion  for  any  thing  to  be  done  for 
the  fervice  of  the  Popifh  caufe,  the 
French  were  to  do  it  by  forcb  and  arms. 
With  which  fi&ion  (as  grofs  and  enor- 
mous as  it  was)  they  kept  the  people 
for  fome  years  in  that  confternation, 
that  there  were  hardly  more  outrageous 
tumults  in  Rome  when  Hannibal  was  at 
the  gates.  And  indeed,  they  had  fo  fa- 
miliarly accuftom'd  themfelves  to  thefe 
monftrous  lies,  that  at  the  firft  opening 
of  Oatess  plot,  they  with  a  ready  and 
cafy  credulity  receiv'd  all  his  fl&ions  > 
for  whatfoever  he  publifh'd,  they  had 
long  before  cxpe&cd.  Nay,  they  made 
even  the  King's  authority  ierve  to  carry 

or* 


Of  his  own  Time.  387 

on  their  farce,  Proclamations  being 
daily  extorted  from  him  by  their  im- 
portunity, which  requir'd  the  Papifts  to 
depart  from  the  city,  and  the  Soldiers 
from  the  French  fervice :  For  thefe  would 
make  a  compleat  army,  which  unlefs  it 
was  timely  diflblv'd,  would  ibme  time 
or  other  return  to  the  deftru&ion  of 
their  Country.  Nor  did  they  raife  a 
lefTer  terror  from  the  Englijh  than  from 
the  French  foldiers  5  intimating  that  they 
were  therefore  fent  into  France,  that 
being  inured  to  warlike  difcipline,  they 
might  return  with  hoftile  arms  into  their 
own  Country.  When  therefore  the 
King  found  that  there  was  a  manifeft 
revolt  from  him  in  Parliament,  and  all 
Councils  were  turn'd  into  malice  and 
fa&ion,  he  made  the  peace  (the  fubftance 
of  which  we  have  mention'd  before) 
upon  more  honourable  conditions  than 
could  be  expe&ed,  confidering  their  ob~ 
ftinacy.  After  this  was  concluded,  the 
Parliament  was  prorogued  from  the  24th 
of  March,  to  the  10th  of  November 
following  5    and  thence  it  was  put  off 

Cc  2  by 


388      Bp.  Parkers  History 

by  feveral  prorogations,   to  the  13  th  of 
April,  1675. 

In  the  mean  while,  the  Fa&ious  di- 
ligently plied  their  work,  fcattering  fe- 
dition  every  where,  bewitching  the  peo- 
ple with  falfe  doclrines,  augmenting  the 
ftrength  of  the  fa&ion,  and  aiming  at 
this  one  point,  to  engage  the  votes  of 
the  people  for  themfelves,  in  cafe  of 
new  elections  for  Parliament.  Think- 
ing they  had  fufficiently  done  this,  when 
at  length  the  Parliament  met,  they  per- 
plexed all  its  councils  with  difputes  and 
controverfies,  that  no  meafures  being 
brought  to  effeft  while  it  fate,  the  King 
might  be  forcd  to  call  a  new  Parlia- 
ment, in  which  they  did  not  doubt  but 
they  mould  have  the  majority.  The 
Confpiracy  was  known  to  the  King  5 
and  in  the  fpeech  which  he  made  on  the 
firft  day  of  the  Scffion,he  earneftly  exhort- 
ed all  good  men  to  beware  of  it.  But 
this  caution  came  too  late;  the  infe&ion 
had  fpread  too  far :  Immediately  it  was 
Lords  difputed  in  the  Houic  of  Lords  (which 
journals.  was  never  done  before)  whether  thanks 

fhould 


Of  his  own  Time.  38^ 

fhould  be  given  to  the  King,  according 
to  cuftom,  for  his  gracious  fpeech.  The 
opinion  of  thofe  prevailed,  who  were 
for  returning  thanks  5  but  the  factious 
withftood  it  j  and,  that  a  monument  of 
their  oppofition  might  remain  to  pofte- 
rity,  every  one  of  them  entred  his  pro- 
tcft,  with  his  name,  in  the  Records  of 
the  Houfc.  In  the  lower  Houfe  nothing 
was  done  or  talked,  but  motions  made 
for  the  removing  the  King's  Counfellors, 
inflicting  fevercr  punifhments  upon  the 
Papifts,  dealing  more  mildly  with  the 
Nonconformifts,  recalling  the  King's 
fubjects  from  the  French  fervice,  ma- 
naging the  Treafury  better,  making  pre- 
parations  for  a  Fleet  at  fea,  and  in  fhort, 
for  a  total  change.  Againft  thefe  open 
attempts  to  fubvert  the  Government, 
others  oppos'd  a  new  oath  of  fidelity, 
to  be  taken  by  all  that  fhould  hold  any 
office  in  the  State,  or  fhould  hereafter 
fit  in  Parliament,  That  it  is  unlawful  to 
bear  arms  againft  the  King,  upon  any 
pretence  whatfoever  5  and  that  they  do 
from  their  heart  abhor  that  impious  po- 
C  c  3  fition, 


j5>o      Bp.  Parkers  History 

fition,  that  it  is  lawful  to  fight  upon  the 
King's  authority  againft  his  pcrfon,  or 
thofe  that  are  commiflion'd  by  .him ; 
and  laftly,  that  they  will  not  attempt  a 
change  of  cither  the  ecclefiaftical  or  the 
civil  Government.  Hence  there  arofe 
fuch  a  quarrel  and  clamour,  that  fcveral 
days  were  fpent  in  contention,  nor  were 
they  ever  known  to  have  contended 
\vjth  more  animofity.  The  numbers  of 
the  factious  were  lefs  than  the  other, 
tho'  there  were  many  that  were  not  in 
the  Confpiracy,  who  came  over  to  them, 
that  the  privileges  of  the  Lords  might 
not  be  impair'd  5  by  which  turn  of  the 
debate  they  got  the  matter  to  be  drop'd : 
For  thus  they  entred  it  in  their  Jour- 
nals, April  21.  1675.  that  the  queftion 
might  not  be  brought  into  difpute> 
u  We  the  Peers  of  this  Kingdom  de- 
cc  ctere,  that  the  rights  of  the  Nobility, 
**  and  the  cuftoms  of  Parliament  are 
u  weakned,  by  the  bare  putting  the 
^  queftion,  Whether  this  oath  (hall  be 
H  taken?  For  the  right  of  voting  in 
Parliament   does    not    depend   upon 

'*  certain 


Of   his  own   Time.  391 

"  certain  conditions,  but  dcfcends  by 
"  inheritance  ;  neither  can  there  be  any 
«  lofs  of  it,  but  that  by  which  the  ho- 
u  nour  of  the  Nobility  is  forfeited  5  and 
"that  can  be  forfeited  only  by  Trea- 
"  fon.  Therefore  they  proteft  by  the 
"  memories  of  their  anccftors,  and  by 
<c  the  dignity  of  their  families,  that  they 
cc  will  never  fuffer  the  privileges  of  the 
"  Nobility  fo  much  as  to  be  brought 
"  into  difpute."  And  they  withftood  it 
with  that  obftinacy,  that  at  length  the 
whole  Parliament  (another  debate  being 
designedly  rais'd  by  the  fa&ious  Mem- 
bers) partly  being  wearied  with  con- 
tending, and  partly  thro*  a  defire  of  re- 
taining their  liberty,  that  their  ancient 
rights  might  not  by  this  example  be 
brought  under  new  reftraints,  refolved 
that  for  the  future  no  Law  mould  be 
propos'd  to  require  a  new  oath  to  be 
taken  in  Parliament.  Neither  perhaps 
was  it  ill  advis'd  5  for  no  care  in  Noble- 
men ought  to  be  more  conftant,  or  can 
be  more  laudable,  than  for  the  ancient 
privileges  and  prerogatives  of  the  Nobi- 
C  c  4  lity  i 


$$%      Bp.  Parker's  History 

lity  5  for  if  there  once  begins  a  flight 
change,  there  will  never  be  an  end  of 
innovations.  Nevcrthelcfs,  their  rights 
were  in  no  danger  from  this  oath,  for 
there  was  nothing  in  it  but  what  they 
had  fwora  in  the  oath  of  allegiance. 
But  fince  the  Presbyterians,  tho*  bound 
by  that  oath,  had  yet  by  that  evafion 
T>f  feparating  the  King's  authority  from 
his  perfon,  rebell'd  againft  King  Charles 
the  Firft,  it  could  not  feem  hard  to  any 
honeft  well-meaning  man,  or  lover  of 
his  Country,  to  put  a  flop  to  this  trea- 
cherous equivocation,  by  the  fecurity  of 
a  new  oath.  Now  the  fa&ious  faw  ve- 
ry well  the  ftope  and  drift  of  this  Law, 
therefore  they  drove  hard  that  this  pa£ 
fage  might  be  always  open  for  them  to 
ihvade  the  Government :  lor  no  one 
was  ignorant,  and  lead  of  all  the  fatti- 
pus>  that  the  fame  had,  even  from  the 
King's  return,  been  both  requir'd  of  e. 
very  one  that  held  any  office  in  the 
State,  and  alio  taken  by  moft  of  the 
Nobility  :  For  they  had  chiefly  executed 
the  greateft  offices   in   the  Militia,    fo 

that 


Of  his  own  Time.  325 

that  they  had  no  occafion  to  oppofe  it, 
if  they  had  not  had  fomething  farther 
in  their  view.     They  would   have  the 
Monarchy   leffen'd,    to  the   increafe  of 
their  own  and  the  people's  power  5  there- 
fore they  could  not  bear  that  it  fhould 
be  guarded  by  new  laws  againft  their 
endeavours  ;   efpecially  fince  they  were 
taking  the  fame  meafures,    which  they 
fo  fuccefsfully  purfued  againft  Charles 
the  Firft,  they  were  afraid  left  the  way 
for  accomplifhing  this  defign  fhould  be 
ftopp'd  up  by  this  oath.     However,  they 
were  refolv'd  to  make  this  ufe  of  the 
prefent  debate,   that   by  it  they  might 
obftruft  and  perplex  the  King's  affairs; 
and  what  that  party  chiefly  aim'd  at,  was, 
that  nothing  proposed  to  the  Houfe  fliou'd 
come  to  any  iffue >  whereupon  the  King, 
growing  weary  of  his  Parliament,  woud 
be  obliged  to   diffolve  it :    If  this  was 
once  cfFefted,  they  doubted  not  but  they 
and  their  friends  fhould  be  chofen  into 
the  next  Parliament,     This   therefore 
was  the  rcafon  that  the  contention  con- 
cerning the  rights  of  the  Nobility  being 

not 


5^4      Bp.  Parker's  History 

not  yet  laid  aflecp,  they  renewM  the 
ancient  one  between  the  two  Houfes, 
concerning  prerogatives  and  privileges. 
A  great  and  fierce  engagement  indeed! 
and  the  mod  memorable  of  all  that  ever 
happened  in  Parliament.  The  former, 
between  Skinner  and  Bernardifton,  which 
began  in  the  year  i663,  continued  burn- 
ing for  a  year  and  a  half,  before  it  was 
extinguifh'd.  But  this,  as  it  was  more 
lafting,  fo  it  was  carried  on  with  more 
contentions,  and  greater  animofities,  fo 
that  the  Houfes,  forgetting  their  dignity, 
almoft  proceeded  to  arms.  But  it  began 
thus :  When  the  factious  found  them- 
ielves  out-voted  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords, 
concerning  the  oath  that  was  to  be  im- 
posed, and  that  they  could  no  longer 
hinder,  but  that  it  muft  pafs  into  a  Law, 
they  kindled  this  contention  between 
the  Lords  and  Commons,  that  while 
they  were  eagerly  intent  upon  it,  the 
other  might  be  drop'd.  And  it  hap- 
pen'd,  even  beyond  their  hopes,  that 
they  not  only  deferred,  but  abfolutely 
cdlroy'd  the  Bill:  For  when  they  began 

to 


Of  his  own  Time.  395 

to  be  more  warmly  engaged  in  this  new 
debate,  they  all  came  to  that  refolution 
of  throwing  out  the  queftion,  left  while 
they  were  attacked  from  without,  they 
might  be  deftroy'd  by  divifions  within. 
Nor  was  the  difpute  that  was  rais'd,  a- 
bout  a  fmall  matter,  but  concerning 
the  very  higheft  and  moft  valuable  ju- 
rifdiction  belonging  to  the  Houfe  of 
Lords,  even  the  right  of  receiving  Ap- 
peals, which  had  been  the  chief  prero- 
gative of  the  Nobility  from  the  earlieft 
times  that  are  mention'd  in  our  Annals, 
and  had  never  been  call'd  in  queftion 
before.  The  matter  was  thus  manag  d 
by  the  fa&ious  in  both  Houfes :  A  caufe 
being  judg'd  in  the  Court  of  Chancery, 
between  Sherley  a  Do&or  of  Phyfick, 
and  Fagg9  a  Member  of  the  lower  Houfe 
(who  were  both  Fanaticks  s)  Sherley,  a- 
gainft  whom  the  fentence  was  given, 
appealed  to  that  fupreme  Court,  the 
Houfe  of  Lords  5  and  Fagg  was  cited 
to  plead  his  caufe.  The  matter  being 
communicated  by  him  to  the  lower 
Jioufe^  he  was  forbidden  to  appear:  But 

he 


3 5>£      Bp.  Parker's  History 

he  appear'd,  and  procur'd  a  longer  time. 
In  the  mean  while,  Sherley  was  order'd 
into  cuftody  by  the  lower  Houfe  ;  and 
being  taken  by  their  Serjeant  at  Arms, 
he  was  refcucd  with  violence  and  tu- 
mult, by  one  of  the  Houfe  of  Peers,  a 
man  of  great  power  in  the  Fa&ion,  who 
tore  the  order  of  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons. The  factious  in  the  lower  Houfe 
complain'd  of  the  violence  done  to  their 
authority.  Their  confederates  in  the  up- 
per Houfe  cried  out  on  the  other  hand, 
that  the  thing  was  juftly  done.  They 
on  the  contrary,  came  to  a  refolution, 
that  it  was  contrary  to  parliamentary 
right,  and  not  to  be  fuffer'd.  But  the 
Peers  vow'd  that  they  would  never  de- 
part from  their  right  5  that  it  was  in 
vain  for  the  Commons  to  ftrive  any 
longer,  for  this  was  their  perpetual  re- 
folution 5  That  the  Peers  have  an  un- 
doubted right  to  judge  in  matters  of  ap- 
peal,  altho'  one  of  either  Houfe  Jhould  be 
concerned  in  the  fuity  that  there  may  be 
719  flop  or  inter  mijjion  of  juflice,  even  for 
4  moment.     The  other  Houfe  pafs'd  a 

refolution 


Of    his  own  Time.  3577 

rcfolution  contrary  to  this.  Thus  the 
differences  running  very  high,  other  new 
appeals  were  daily  brought  by  the  fac- 
tious 5  and  the  difpute  arofe  to  quarrel- 
ling and  exclaiming,  then  to  railing  and 
reproaching,  and  laftly,  to  anger  and 
hatred.  But  the  chief  mifdemeanour 
that  they  charg'd  each  other  with,  was, 
that  they  had  dcfignedly  deftroy'd  the 
mutual  peace  and  concord  between  the 
Houfes,  that  they  might  be  of  no  ufe 
or  fcrvice  for  the  future  ;  and  that  the 
only  thing  which  they  aim'd  at  was  to 
provoke  the  King  to  diffolve  the  Par- 
liament. But  he  knew  too  well  their 
defign,  and  therefore  deferr'd  it.  They 
ftill  grew  the  more  inflam'd,  till  at  length 
the  Houfes  forbid  all  conferences  with 
each  other.  Thus  the  Kingdom  being 
divided  as  it  were  into  two  Govern- 
ments, each  Houfe  acted  feparately,  for- 
bidding all  corrcipondence  with  the  o« 
ther.  The  Peers  gave  judgment  upon  a 
caufe  >  and  the  lower  Houfe  took  the 
Lawyers  that  pleaded  the  caufe  before 
them,  together  with  the  Appellant  him- 

felf, 


a<>8      Bp.  Parke ks  His  tor  V 

felf,  into  cuftody.  The  Peers  order'd 
that  they  fhould  be  difchargd.  Thus 
every  one  that  obey'd  either,  was  cer- 
tainly imprifond  by  the  other.  The 
King  interpos'd  in  thefe  great  divifions 
and  diftraftions  of  the  Kingdom,  and 
defir'd  them  to  refer  the  matter  to  him, 
and  promis'd  that  he  would  judge  im- 
partially :  He  told  them  that  it  was  no 
difficult  difpute,  but  defignedly  promoted 
by  feditious  men,  in  both  Houfes,  which 
he  had  given  them  an  intimation  of  in 
the  beginning  of  the  fellion ;  and  un- 
lefs  they  took  the  utmoft  care  to  difap- 
point  their  defigns,  all  the  ufe  and  au- 
thority of  Parliament  would  henceforth 
be  deftroy'd  5  therefore  he  exhorted  them 
to  confult  only  the  intereft  of  the  King- 
dom for  the  future,  laying  afide  thefe 
little  unbecoming  difputes.  But  the 
more  he  endeavour'd  to  cool  them,  fo 
much  the  more  the  flame  increased  9 
breaking  out  of  the  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
ment, and  fpreading  among  the  people, 
each  Houfe  as  it  were  appealing  to  them, 
by  publifhing  libels,     Thus  all  hopes  of 

1  peace 


Of  his  own  Time.  35*5* 

peace  being  now  cut  off,  the  Parliament 
was  prorogued  from  the  9th  of  ^June, 
to  the  1 3th  of  the  following  OEiober. 
Upon  which  day,  when  the  Parliament 
met,  the  King  earneftly  intreated  them, 
that  at  lead,  deferring  their  contentions 
about  the  matter  in  difpute,  they  would 
firft  con ful t  for  the  good  of  the  King- 
dom, for  he  had  immediate  occafion 
for  a  fupply  for  building  of  fhips.  In 
return  to  this,  the  factious  were  full  of 
complaints  and  grievances  concerning 
the  growth  of  Atheifm,  the  French  In- 
tereft,  and  Popery.  Thefe  things  muft 
be  firft  amended,  and  the  divine  anger 
appeas'd  by  publick  fupplications,  before 
they  could  confult  about  the  affairs  of 
the  Kingdom.  But  the  better  part  of 
the  Houie  prevail'd,  ordering  a  fupply 
of  three  hundred  thoufand  pounds  for 
the  building  of  twenty  (hips  of  the  firft 
rate.  But  on  the  1 9th  of  October,  when 
the  fa&ious  faw  that  the  refolutions  in 
the  lower  Houfe  were  likely  to  have  a 
profperous  iffue,  on  a  fudden  Sherley% 
caufe  was  flatted   again   in  the  upper ; 

and 


/joo      Bp.  Parker's  History 

and  was  carried  on  with  greater  animo- 
sity than  before >  for  now  the  difpute 
was  not  concerning  the  privileges  of 
Members  of  Parliament,  but  concern- 
ing even  the  liberties  of  the  Subje&s, 
the  difpute  being  chang'd  into  this  ques- 
tion, Whether  there  was  any  right  of 
appealing  at  all  to  the  Houfe  of  Peers? 
The  Houfe  of  Commons,  by  a  Refo- 
lution  publifh'd,  declar'd  there  was  none : 
And  if  any  one  made  an  appeal,  he  was 
a  betrayer  of  the  rights  and  liberties  of 
the  Subjects  of  England,  and  ought  to 
be  pimifhid  as  a  Traitor.  In  the  Houfe 
of  Lords  they  were  divided  into  feve- 
ral  opinions ;  fincerc  and  wcll-difpos'd 
men  were  for  putting  off  the  difpute 
for  fix  weeks,  and  for  firft  conftdering 
of  the  great  and  important  affairs  of  the 
Kingdom  5  for  there  was  an  efpecial  oc- 
cafion  for  a  fupply  for  building  of  fhips, 
and  a  fleet  muft  be  quickly  fitted  out, 
othcrwife  every  thing  at  home  and  a- 
broad  would  fuffer:  For  the  Councils 
about  publick  affairs  had  been  fo  long 
obftru&ed  by  thefe  private  difpiites,  to 
1  the 


Op  his  own  Time.  401 

the  incredible  damage  of  publick  affairs. 
Thefe  being  once  finifh'd,  they  might 
purfue  the  other  as  they  plcas'd. 

But  when  the  Faction,  by  continual 
fpeaking,  had  protra&ed  Sherlefs  caufe 
in  the  upper  Houfe,  the  flame  was  con- 
tinued in  the  lower  Houfe,  by  the  fame 
induftry  of  their  affbeiates,  till  all  hopes 
of  accommodation  between  the  Houfcs 
were  gone ;  whereupon  they  mov'd  in 
the  upper  Houfe,  to  addrefs  the  King, 
that  he  would  difTolve  the  Parliament : 
Firft,  becaufe  law  and  cuftom  requir'd 
the  frequent  callings  of  Parliaments: 
Secondly,  becaufe  it  feem'd  unreafon- 
able  that  a  few  men  fhould  claim  to 
themfelves  alone,  for  fo  many  years, 
the  whole  power  over  the  people  of 
England.  Laftly,  becaulc  it  was  found 
that  the  long  continuance  of  the  fame 
Parliament  in  power  always  tended  to 
diiCords  and  feditions;  which  (they  laid) 
they  had  too  plainly  found  in  the  dif- 
pute  between  Sherley  and  Fagg:  And 
that  this  was  the  reafon  that  all  their 
confultations  were  brought  to  no  iffue. 
Dd  But 


4oi      Bp.  Parker's  History 

But  when  the  majority  were  againft  ad- 
drc fling  the  King,  the  factious  enter'd 
their  diflent  in  the  Records  of  the  Houfe. 
There  were  fo  great  diforders  rais'd  in 
both  Houfes  by  the  Confpirators,  that 
the  King,  provok'd  at  the  bafenefs  of 
their  proceedings,  commanded  the  Par- 
liament to  be  prorogued  for  a  year  and 
three  months.  On  the  15th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1676,  the  day  appointed  for  their 
meeting,  the  Parliament  aflembled  5  and 
the  King,  according  to  cuftom,  graci- 
oufly  and  courteoufly,  but  fomewhac 
more  earneftly,  exhorted  them  to  una- 
nimity, and  that  they  would  not  fuffer 
their  ancient  differences  to  be  renew'd, 
for  they  were  mean,  and  unbecoming 
the  dignity  of  Parliament,  and  not  of 
fuflicient  moment  to  difturb  the  peace 
of  the  Kingdom :  And  they  ought  in 
the  firft  place  to  take  care  of  that,  and 
not  to  confult  upon  any  affair,  till  they 
faw  that  was  fafc  and  in  good  condi- 
tion. He  promis'd  them  every  thing 
that  was  good,  if  they  would  but  agree 
amongft    thcmfclves :    That    he   would 

pais 


Of  his  own  Time.  40 j 

pafs  whatfoever  Laws  they  fhould  mo- 
deftly  defire,  for  the  fafer  prefcrvation 
of  their  Religion  and  Liberties.  Laftly, 
he  call'd  God  and  man  to  witnefs,  that 
he  fhould  be  innocent  and  free  from  all 
blame,  if  afterwards  the  publick  inrereft 
fhould  fufFcr  by  difcords  and  feditions 
between  themfelves  :  But  if  they  fhould 
perfift  in  them,  he  would  no  longer  bear 
fuch  clamours  and  fa&ious  outrages. 
The  factious,  when  they  were  hardly 
returned  to  the  Houfe,  did  in  a  moment 
make  an  aiTault  upon  the  Parliament, 
as  if  they  had  leaped  out  of  a  place  of 
ambufh  :  They  laid,  that  the  prorogation 
had  been  continued  beyond  the  year, 
and  by  the  Laws  of  England  there  ought 
to  be  at  leaft  annual  meetings  of  Par- 
liament 5  and  therefore  being  deferr'd 
longer,  they  were  diflolv'd  5  and  it  was 
their  duty  voluntarily  to  difTolve  them- 
felves. At  the  lame  time,  a  prodigious 
rabble  of  people  fill'd  all  the  avenues  to 
the  Houfe.  Thefc  were  gather'd  toge- 
ther out  of  a  ftreet  call'd  flapping,  which 
is  inhabited  by  the  refufe  and  dregs  of 
Dd  2  the 


404      Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  people,  Porters,  Seamen,  Bargemen, 
Butchers,  Coblers,  Curriers,  Ropers, 
and  all  kinds  of  ordinary  Mechanicks, 
even  an  immenfe  multitude  of  men. 
By  their  tumults  and  licentious  noife  at 
the  very  doors  of  both  Houfes,  our  fac- 
tious mob-drivers  thought  they  fhould 
ftrike  fuch  a  terror  into  the  Parliament, 
that  they  might  rage  with  the  greater 
infolcnce  within  the  Houfe.  And  if 
they  had  happen  d  to  have  carried  their 
point,  they  had  a  mob  ready  to  pro- 
claim through  the  city  with  triumphant 
fhouts  and  huzza's,  that  the  Parliament 
was  diflblv'd :  For  it  was  the  cuftom  of 
the  Fa&ion  frequently  to  call  together 
fuch  aflemblies  as  thefe  to  enter  into 
confultations  with  them  concerning  pub- 
lick  affairs,  and  be  prefent  with  them 
at  their  feafts,  that  when  they  had  been 
(as  it  were)  drenched  in  wine,  they 
might  be  enrag'd  with  greater  zeal.  By 
which  arts  the  Rebellion  agai n ft  Charles 
the  Firft  was  fet  on  foot  and  begun  • 
the  footfteps  of  which  they  fo  exactly 
trod  in,  that  they  betray 'd  the  barren- 
3  nefs 


Of  his  own  Time.  405 

ncfs  of  their  wit  and  wifdom  5  for  it 
(hews  a  dull  and  heavy  genius  to  invent 
nothing  new,  and  always  to  follow  a 
pattern  5  and  it  was  altogether  foolifh, 
to  dwell  upon  a  thing  fo  well  known, 
and  fo  frefh  in  the  memory  of  men. 
Which  thing  alone,  in  my  opinion,  prc- 
ferv'd  the  Government  from  new  de- 
ftruction,  only  becaufe  it  was  deftroy'd 
but  a  few  years  before.  But  the  facti- 
ous being  fupported  by  fuch  great  num- 
bers of  their  black  guard,  begun  to  de- 
bate concerning  the  diffolution  of  the 
Parliament,  before  they  wou'd  fuffer  any 
thing  to  be  laid  before  the  Houfe.  The 
Peers  fo  fharply  refentcd  this  infolence 
of  the  men,  that  they  immediately  or- 
der'd  them  to  beg  pardon.  And  when 
they  refus'd,  four  of  them  were  com- 
mitted prifoners  to  the  Tower  (for  as  yet 
no  more  had  fliewn  themfelves)  and  a- 
mong  thefe  was  the  Earl  of  Shaftsbury. 
Thefe  were  prifoners  for  a  year,  and 
not  fet  at  liberty  till  they  had  begg'd 
pardon  upon  their  knees.  Their  aflb- 
ciates  and  accomplices  in  the  lower 
Dd  3  Houfc 


406      Bp.  Parker's  History 

Houfe  being  fuddcnly  terrified  at  this 
example  of  the  Peers,  drop'd  the  ques- 
tion, as  if  they  laid  down  their  arms. 
A  flop  being  fo  feafonably  put  to  fedi- 
tion,  not  only  perfect  peace  and  tran- 
quillity, but  a  lbbcr  temper  and  difpo- 
fition  was  renewed  in  the  Parliament  5 
a  Tax  of  fix  hundred  thoufand  pounds 
being  granted  for  the  building  of  thirty 
fhips  5  which,  notwithstanding  the  King 
had  almcft  in  his  pofleiTion,  he  with 
difficulty  kept,  and  not  without  a  hard 
ftruggle :  for  there  was  prefently  rais'd 
a  difpute  between  the  Houlcs,  concern- 
ing privileges  and  forms  of  words.  This 
the  factious  on  both  fides  aggravated  and 
blew  up  into  as  great  a  contention  as 
they  could.  Which  when  the  Peers  faw 
there  would  be  no  end  to,  they  chofe 
rather  to  recede  from  their  power,  than 
not  aflift  and  relieve  the  Kingdom  in  fo 
great  a  nccciilty.  This  conceffion  (that 
it  might  not  become  a  precedent)  they 
entred  in  their  book  of  Records,  April 
the  16th,  tho'  fome  perfons  oppofed  it. 
Neither   was   the   difpute  ended,    thro' 

the 


Of   his   own   Time.  407 

the  contumacy  of  the  Faction,  till  that 
time.     When  the  factious   faw  matters 
ftand  thus,  they  urg'd  the  King,  the  N 
tion  and  the  Parliament  into  war  with 
the  French  King  :  And  indeed  it  was  a 
war  not  only  not  unjuft,  but  pious,  and 
even  neceflary,  and  approv'd  by  all  good 
men  ;    and  to  which  the  King  was  be- 
fore inclirAi  of  his  own  accord.     The 
Provinces    of   Flanders  are  fituated  the 
neareft  to  the  Britijh  lea  $  thefe,  as  long 
as  they  were  a  part  of  the  Spanish  do- 
minions, were  a  defence  to  England  a- 
gainft  a  foreign  enemy,    as  a  tower  or 
caftle  lying  between;    But    the  French 
King  had  penetrated  into  thefe  Provinces 
by  fudden  and  violent  excurfions,   tak- 
ing many  towns  and  cities  :    And  there 
was  no  enemy  to  oppofe  the  Conqueror. 
The  Spaniard  was   but  in  a  very  weak 
condition  to  enter  upon  a  war  5  for  he 
had  neither   foldiers  nor  money  to  pay 
them.     The  'Dutch  being  worn  out  with 
a  long  courfe  of  wars,  complain'd  that 
they   were    no    longer   able  to   bear  it. 
From  the  year  1665,    the  English  had 
D  d  4  harrals'd 


40 8      Bp.  Parkers  History 

harrafs'd  them  at  fca;  and  from  1672,' 
the  French  had  broke  in  upon  them  by 
land;  making  a  treaty  with  England, 
in  1674,  they  had  from  that  time  fought 
feveral  battles  with  the  French,  not  ve- 
ry fucccfsfully  :  Heavy  taxes  were  rais'd 
to  pay  their  foldiers  5  neither  did  they 
only  bear  the  expences  of  their  own 
army,  but  paid  half  the  charges  of  their 
Allies.  It  was  the  King  of  England 
alone,  that  was  capable  of  reftoring  and 
giving  life  to  their  affairs,  that  had  hi- 
therto been  declining,  and  almoft  en- 
tirely ruin'd.  But  he  muft  fpeedily  in- 
terpofe,  otherwife  a  Province  that  could 
now  be  defended,  would  afterwards  be 
conquered.  Therefore  the  King  was 
pleas'd  with  fo  juft,  fo  necefTary  a  war; 
and  he  faid  he  would  have  undertaken 
it  before,  if  he  had  not  wanted  a  fup- 
ply  for  the  war  j  which  if  they  would 
but  allow,  he  would  not  defer  it  for 
a  day.  They  made  him  rich  and  plen- 
tiful promifes,  but  gave  not  a  farthing. 
The  King  declar'd  that  he  would  not 
proclaim  war  till  they  had  granted  him 

a  fup- 


Of  his  own  Time.  405* 

a  fupply  of  fix  hundred  thoufand  pounds 
to  pay  his  foldiers.  They  neither 
granted  nor  denied  it  for  the  prefent ; 
but  deferr'd  it  to  the  next  Seffion  }  May  2.1. 
which  being  come,  they  declar'd  that 
they  could  grant  no  money,  till  they 
were  aflfur'd  of  the  alliance  being  made 
with  the  'Dutch,  and  that  the  war  was 
undertaken.  When  this  was  done,  they 
would  then  at  length  confult  of  ways 
and  means  5  and  if  the  King  would  a- 
gree  upon  fuch  terms  of  an  alliance  as 
pleas'd  them,  then  they  would  aflift  him. 
The  King  was  fo  provok'd  at  this  new  MayiS. 
and  unheard-of  infolcnce,  that  he  af- 
fur'd  them  he  would  never  bear  fo  great 
an  indignity;  for  the  right  of  making 
peace  and  war  was  in  him  alone,  and 
did  not  belong  to  them  at  all:  That 
this  was  without  example,  for  the  King 
had  not  only  a  power  to  make  what 
alliances  he  pleas'd,  but  to  make  and  re- 
quire fuch  conditions  as  he  fhould  think 
fit :  That  if  he  once  gave  up  this,  he 
fhould  be  no  longer  a  King,  but  a  Sub- 
ject :  That  he  fhould  be  accountable  to 

the 


4io      Bp.  Parker's  History 

the  power  of    Parliaments  :    That  he 

fhould  appear,   as  well  among  his  owr* 

fubje&s  as  foreigners,  only  to  have  the 

(hadow,   and  an  empty  title   of  King,. 

3^».i8.  Hereupon  the  Parliament  was  put  off, 
16^8.       ■     /.        1  .  1 

by  feveral  prorogations,  to  another  year  : 

And  when  they  met  again,  the  King  firft 
of  all  told  them  that  he  had  made  ar\ 
alliance  with  the  Tiutchy  upon  fuch 
terms  as  pleas'd  him,  and  then  defir'd  a 
fpeedy  fupply,  equal  to  the  charges  of 
the  war :  That  lefs  forces  would  not 
be  fufficient  than  a  fleet  of  ninety  (hips, 
and  an  army  of  at  lead  thirty  thoufand 
men.  If  they  would  forthwith  take  care 
of  it,  he  did  not  queftion  but  he  fhould 
carry  on  the  war  fucccfsfully  5  but  he 
would  never  undertake  it  with  but  half 
Jan.  23.  a  force.  Nevertheless,  they  not  only 
proceed  as  before,  but  with  much  greater 
prefumption  detraft  from  the  Royal 
Dignity,  refolving  that  no  conditions 
of  peace  fhould  be  entrcd  into  but  thofe 
that  were  agreed  to  in  the  Tyrenxan 
Treaty:  And  then,  that  all  correfpon- 
dence  with  the  French  fhould  be  forbid- 
den, 


Of  his  own  Time.  41* 

den,  not  only  to  the  Confederates,  but 
to  all  the  world ;  but  as  to  money  to- 
wards the  charge  of  the  war,  not  a  word 
was  mention'd.  The  King  being  now 
no  longer  able  to  bear  their  imperti- 
nence and  pcrverfenefs,  in  a  threatning 
manner  admonifh'd  them  not  to  pro- 
ceed, and  declared  that  he  would  no 
longer  delay,  for  either  they  muft  grant 
his  rcquefts  without  trifling,  or  he  would 
immediately  relinquifh  the  war.  Thus 
at  length  he,  with  much  ado,  extorted 
from  them  ( very  much  againft  their 
wills)  that  fuppiy  which  he  had  defir'd 
for  a  whole  year  together,  towards  that 
war  which  they  themfeives  had  begun, 
a  fleet  of  ninety  fhips  being  fitted  out, 
an  army  of  thirty  thouland  men  rais'd, 
and  a  tax  of  a  million  of  money  al- 
low'd  towards  the  war.  The  factious 
wifh'd  for  nothing  more  than  that  the 
war  mould  not  be  ended  :  For  thus  they 
always  pretended  loyalty  to  the  King, 
firft,  that  by  large  promifes  they  might 
pufh  him  into  a  war,  and  then,  when 
he  was  involv'd  in  it,  and  diftrefs'd  by 
3  want 


4ii      Bp.  Parker's  History 

want  of  money,  they  might  deliver  him 
up,  as  a  prey  to  his  enemy  5  which  at 
the  fame  time  was  done,  as  far  as  was 
in  their  power :  For  having  granted  that 
fupply  to  begin  the  war,  they  prefently 
demanded  that  all  trade  with  France 
fhould  be  forbidden  for  three  years;  by 
which  the  King  loft  more  in  his  cuftoms, 
than  he  got  by  the  fupply ;  for  befides 
that  the  King  of  France  rcveng'd  this 
Interdict,  by  forbidding  all  trade  with 
Great  Britain  for  ten  years,  heavier  du- 
ties were  laid  upon  French  goods,  whe- 
ther the  natural  produd  of  the  country, 
or  their  manufactures,  becaufe  they  moft 
commonly  ferve  not  fo  much  for  the 
neceflaries  of  human  life,  as  luxury  and 
pleafure;  fuch  as  are  wine,  brandy,  ftlks 
and  linen,  the  cuftoms  of  which  are  eve- 
ry year  computed  at  three  hundred  thou- 
f and  pounds.  Thus  at  length,  they  ma- 
nag'd  the  affair  by  this  new  ftratagem, 
that  both  fhould  be  pafs'd  by  the  fame 
law,  fo  that  if  the  King  received  the 
fupply,  he  muft  lofe  his  cuftoms ;  for  he 
had  it  not  in  his  power  to  divide  them, 

but 


Of    his  own  Time.  41  j 

but  muft  either  pafs  or  rejed  both.  As 
this  cuftom  of  tacking  laws  begun  at 
this  time,  by  which  things  contrary  or 
different  are  enacted  by  the  fame  Law, 
fo  it  alfo  ended  now  5  for  the  King  May  13. 
forbad  the  fame  the  next  feflion.  Nor 
was  this  only  then  attempted,  but  they 
pafs'd  another  Law  concerning  clothes, 
that  it  (hould  be  lawful  to  wear  only 
woolen,  and  thofe  made  at  home,  for 
the  half  of  every  year  5  by  which  there 
would  be  a  greater  lofs  not  only  of  the 
cuftoms,  but  of  trade  it  felf;  wherefore 
the  Peers  reje&cd  it,  when  it  was  pafs'd 
by  the  lower  Houfe,  as  far  as  was  in 
their  power.  But  now  the  war  being 
begun,  and  an  alliance  made  with  the 
*Dutch  upon  honourable  terms,  the  fub- 
ftance  of  which  was  this,  That  there 
fhould  be  perpetual  peace  and  amity  be- 
tween the  King  of  Great  Britain  and 
the  States  General :  That  both  fhould 
have  the  fame  friends  and  enemies:  That 
they  (hould  not  lay  down  their  arms, 
but  by  common  confent,  nor  treat  of 
peace  feparately :  That  they  fhould  with 

joint 


414  Bp.  Parker's  History 
joint  forces  endeavour  to  bring  the  Ca- 
tholick  and  Moil  Chriftian  Kings  to  a 
peace  :  That  firft  of  all  the  French  fhou'd 
reftore  to  the  Spaniard  all  the  places  in 
Flanders  that  were  taken  in  the  wars, 
and  to  the  German  Princes,  efpecially 
the  city  of  Friburgh,  and  the  other  ci- 
ties and  towns  in  the  Province  of  Brif- 
gaw-,  and  then  that  Lorrain  fhou'd  be 
reftor'd  entire  to  its  Duke  :  And  if  either 
of  the  Kings  fhou'd  refufe  the  terms 
which  the  King  of  Great  Britain  mould 
offer,  then  he  fhould  be  fore'd  to  it  by 
arms.  The  King  joyfully  gave  an  ac- 
count of  the  matter  being  fo  well  tranf- 
aftcd  and  confulted  to  his  Parliament : 
But  they  immediately,  contrary  to  every 
one's  expedations,  declar'd  that  the  al- 
liance by  no  means  pleas'd  them,  and 
was  contrary  to  the  intereft  of  the  King- 
dom. Upon  this,  the  King  being  in- 
cenfed  with  anger  and  indignation,  two 
days  after,  by  a  meflage,  commanded 
them  to  forbear  this  perverfenefs.  Ne- 
verthelefs  they  went  on,  and  made  re- 
peated complaints  of  evil  Counsellors, 

even 


Of  his  own   Time.  4iy 

even  to  the  reproach  of  the  King  him- 
felf.  The  King  being  more  highly  pro- 
vok'd,  hardly  gave  them  any  anfwer, 
but  ask'd  them  whether  they  were  mad ; 
for  their  unufual  boldnefs  and  infolence 
was  fuch,  that  he  did  not  know  b^r 
what  name  to  call  it.  Hereupon  the 
Parliament  was  prorogued  for  a  fort- 
night. 

But  at  the  fame  time  that  the  'Dutch 
had  drawn  the  King  of  Great  Britain 
into  an  alliance,  in  order  to  a  war,  as 
if  they  had  combin'd  with  our  fa&ion  at 
home,  they  treated  of  a  feparate  peace 
with  the  French.  And  whereas  at  the 
fame  time  there  was  a  treaty  about  a 
quadruple  alliance,  between  rhe  Empe- 
ror, the  Spaniard,  the  Engltjh  and  the 
*Dutchy  an  Embaflador  of  the  States  was 
fent  for  that  purpofe  into  England-,  at 
firft  he  wanted  power,  and  then,  after 
a  long  delay,  inftrudions  for  treating 
were  prefcribed  to  him  5  and  thus  the 
time  was  protraded  till  they  had  made 
a  feparate  treaty  with  the  French  5  for 
the  French  hearing  of  the  preparations 

for 


4-ig      Rp.  Parker's  History 

for  war  from  England,  voluntarily  fent 
terms  of  peace  to  the  Congrefs  at  Ni~ 
meguen>  for  the  'Dutch*  whom  he  knew 
to  have  been  long  weary  of  the  war* 
The  reft  of  the  Confederates  were  pro- 
vok'd  at  the  bafenefs  of  the  conditions. 
The  'Dutch  alone  feem'd  to  comply. 
Hereupon  there  immediately  appear'd  a 
new  face  of  things,  when  they  who 
were  the  firft  in  the  war,  were  the  firft 
that  fued  for  a  peace.  Therefore  the 
Confederates  complain'd  in  vain  of  the 
firft  alliance,  and  the  King  of  England 
of  his  laft ;  (by  both  which  it  was  un- 
lawful to  make  a  feparate  peace.)  But 
the  Dutch  would  have  a  peace  upon  a- 
ny  terms,  if  they  could  but  live  5  and 
the  French  King  would  have  the  Confe- 
deracy broken  at  any  rate,  fince  the 
King  of  England  was  come  into  it. 
Things  (landing  thus  abroad,  when  there 
was  at  the  fame  time  a  revolt  of  the 
factious  from  the  King  at  home,  the  in- 
tereft  of  the  Confederates  bein°;  weak- 
ned  by  this  frefli  wound,  was  fpeedi- 
ly  ruind.    For  the  Dutch  pretending  to 

have 


Of  his   own   Time,  4x7 

have  loft  all  hope  of  a  ill  fiance  from  the 
Englifb,  haften'd  to  finifh  the  peace 
which  they  had  defign'd  :  And  the  French 
King  was  in  as  much  hafte  to  bring  the 
matter  to  an  end,  which  was  fo  rafhiy 
begun,  that  they  might  not  have  time 
to  change  their  minds.  By  this  appa- 
rently ludicrous  change  of  affairs,  the 
King  of  England  was  fo  provok'd,  that 
he  complain  d  to  the  Parliament  of  the  May  23. 
war  being  firft  begun  at  their  impor- 
tunate requefl,  and  now  made  a  jeft  of 
by  them,  to  the  prejudice  not  only  of 
him,  but  of  all  the  Confederate  Princes; 
that  he  was  afham'd  of  fuch  diihonour- 
able  trifling  and  inconftancy  in  his  fub- 
je6rs5  and  that  whatsoever  mould  hap- 
pen, the  blame  mould  not  lie  upon  him. 
Laftly,  he  advifed  them  to  confider, 
what  peace  there  was  likely  to  be  expect- 
ed, fince  the  alliance  was  diffolv'd,  which 
could  hardly  be  renew'd  between  fo  ma- 
ny Princes.  If  the  cDutch>  having  vio- 
lated their  treaties,  make  a  feparate  peace, 
they  will  plead  our  inconftancy  in  their 
defence :  For  they  will  fay  that  they 
E  e  made 


4i  8       Bp.  Park  e  r's  Hi  st  o  r  y 

made  the  alliance,    being  drawn  in  by 
your  promifes,  that  you  would  never  be 
wanting  towards  the  charges  of  the  war, 
till  the  Moil  Chriftian  King   fhould  be 
fore  d  to  a  juft  peace :   But  now,  when 
they  found  all  your  counfels  chang'd  in- 
to quarrels  and  difputes  about  Religion, 
and  that  no  iupply  would  be  given  till 
they  were  ended  (altho*  they  will  never 
have  an  end  :)  When  they  hear  that  the 
Royal  Prerogative   is  violated    by  your 
bold  demands,  which  are  intolerable  and 
mod  injurious;  what  wonder  is  it  (fays 
he)  if  all  hope  of  afllftance  from  Eng- 
land being  gone,  upon  whofe  will  and 
pleafure  almoft  all  the  hope  and  fortune 
of  Europe  depended,  as  long  as  through 
your  means  there  was  concord  at  home, 
they  mould  procure  a  peace  upon  what 
terms  they  could,    while  peace  was  to 
be  obtain  d  !    Which  being  once  done, 
the  Confederates  on  all  hands  wou'd  be 
difpers'dj    the  Spaniard  could  not  fup- 
p ort  Glanders  ;  neither  could  the  Empe- 
ror, the  "Dutch  and  Spaniard  being  gone 
off,  be  an  equal  match  for  the  enemy; 
3  much 


Op  his  own  Time.  4 i p 

much  lefs  could  Lorrahi,  ^Deyimark  and 
Brandenbitrgh  5  but  mud  accept  of  what- 
ever terms  he  fhall  plcaie  to  impofe  up- 
on the  vanquifh'd.  If  therefore  the  peace 
of  Europe  fhould  be  fnatch'd  away, 
when  they  had  it  almoft  in  their  hands, 
the  fault  would  be  in  them  alone  :  For 
the  firfl  failure  was  in  them  5  which  be- 
ing once  begun,  all  the  Confederates 
would  fall  off,  one  after  another  5  there- 
fore they  lhould  either  never  have  entred 
into  the  war,  or  have  carried  it  on  longer. 
But  as  the  matter  was  manag'd  by  them,  it 
was  both  a  jeft  and  an  injury  to  all  Eu- 
rope. Before  this,  every  one  could  have 
treated  and  made  terms  for  himfelf  3  but 
now,  each  of  them  were  expos'd  fingle 
as  a  prey  to  the  Conqueror,  and  muft 
fubmit  to  his  conditions.  Neither  had 
they  only  betray'd  their  Allies,  but  alfo 
thcmfelvcs;  for  a  very  powerful  King 
was  now  provok'd  againft  them,  and  they 
could  not  be  a  match  for  him  fingle, 
without  their  Confederates,  much  lcfs 
when  they  were  divided  at  home.  But 
wftatfoever  misfortunes  fhould  arife  either 
E  c  2  to 


4io      Bp.  Parkers  History 

to  them  or  their  Allies,  he  indeed  fhould 
bear  his  fhare  of  the  mifery,    but  they 
would  bear  all  the  difgrace  3  therefore  he 
exhorted  them  to  make  a  (land,  at  leaf!  a 
little  while,  for  all  things  look'd  towards 
peace  5  there  was  a  cefTation  of  arms  a- 
greed  to,  which  he  doubted  not  would 
end  in  a  peace,  provided  they  would  in 
the  mean   time   be  true   to  themfelves, 
and  ftand  to  their  arms;  for  honourable 
conditions  were  not  to  be  expected,  but 
with  fword  in  hand  :  Therefore  the  fleet 
was  not   to  be   laid  up,    nor  the  army 
disbanded,    neither  would  he  difcharge 
them,   till  the  peace  was  made.     After 
thefc  things  were  fpoke,    they  immedi- 

Mayij.  ately,  on  that  very  day,  refolv'd  that  the 
King  fhould  either  dire&ly  open  the  war, 
or  disband  the  army.  But  he  declar'd, 
that  he  would  not  fuflfer  it,  till  the  time 
agreed  on  for  a  ceilation  of  arms  was 
expired  •■>  and  rcquir'd  money  for  to  pay 

May  30.  the  troops.  They,  on  the  next  day  of 
their  fitting,  demanded  that  all  the  forces 
fhould  be  immediately  disbanded.  Here- 
upon the  King  was  more  provok'd,  and 

charg'd 


Of  his  own  Time.  42.1 

charg'd  them  with  frefh  .perverfenefs, 
concerning  the  forces  that  were  trans- 
ported to  Flanders,  and  told  them  he 
would  not  deal  fo  bafely  with  his  Allies, 
as  to  give  up  the  cities  and  towns  that 
were  committed  to  his  protection,  till 
they  could  fend  new  forces  to  defend 
them  j  for  that  would  be  not  only  deferr- 
ing the  places,  but  betraying  his  truft. 
Hereupon  they  allow'd  the  forces  in  I lan- 
ders a  month's  pay.  But  they  again  more 
eagerly  demanding  that  they  fhould  be 
disbanded,  the  King,  while  the  peace  was  jttnc  , 
yet  uncertain  and  fluctuating,  made  an- 
fwer,  that  he  would  difcharge  neither  the 
fleet  nor  the  army,  let  them  clamour 
never  fo  much  5  for  it  wou'd  be  an  eter- 
nal difgrace  to  the  Englijh  Nation,  to 
make  Co  hazardous  an  experiment,  bare- 
ly to  fave  a  little  money ;  and  it  would 
be  an  unprecedented  thing  to  lay  down 
their  arms  before  their  interefts  were 
fettled  by  a  peace  :  And  if  the  forces 
were  disbanded,  the  enemy  would  im- 
pofe  what  conditions  he  pleas'd :  And 
if  he  thought  it  his  intereft,  as  foon  as 

he 


\xi      Bjp.  Parker's  History 

he  heard  that  the  army  was  disbanded, 
he  would  immediately  break  off  the 
peace :  That  if  this  opportunity  was  once 
loft,  it  could  never  afterwards  be  recall'd  ; 
for  to  be  defencelefs,  would  be  the  fame 
thing  as  to  be  vanquifh'd :  And  that  the 
intereft  of  Europey  which  had  been  pre- 
ferv'd  with  fo  much  labour  and  diffi- 
culty, would  be  deftroy'd  by  their  neglect : 
That  he  would  never  defert  his  Allies,  but 
would  either  make  a  juft  peace  or  carry 
on  the  war  :  Laftly,  whether  they  would 
grant  a  fupply  or  not,  fince  he  had  hi- 
therto carried  on  the  matter  fo  fuccefs- 
fully,  that  he  would  finifh  it  by  his  arms, 
if  he  could  not  by  his  counfcls.  The  Par- 
liament, on  the  other  hand,  refolv'd  to 
give  a  fupply  to  pay  off  the  army,  and 

luns  is-  no  more.  Yet  in  the  mean  time,  mat- 
ters daily  inclining  more  to  a  peace,  the 
King  continued  to  tell  them  that  the 
army  fhould  not  be  disbanded  :  For  the 

jxnc  18.  Spaniard,  altho'  the  peace  was  made,  woud 
not  be  able  to  maintain  Flanders:  Unlefs 
we  were  a  fafe-guard  to  it,  it  would  be 
expos'd  as  a  prey  to  every  enemy :  That 

he 


Of  hi  s  own  Tim  e,  413 

he  would  not  defcrt  it  for  the  fake  of 
any  expence,  coft  what  it  would :  If  he 
had  not  hitherto  defended  it,  it  had  been    • 
certainly  taken  before  :    That  he  would 
advife  them  only  to  conftder,  that  the 
city  ofOftendis  in  poflcflion  of  the  French  y 
wherein  was  a  fleet  of  forty  (hips,  in  a 
mod  commodious  harbour,  fttuated  over- 
againfl  the  mouth  of  the  Thames.   What 
would  not  they  give  to  remove  fo  dread- 
ful an  enemy  to  a  greater  diftancc  ?  Let 
them  confider  how  great  a  glory  it  is  to 
the  Englifh  Nation,  to  have  rais'd  an  army 
of  thirty  thoufand  men,  and  a  fleet  of 
ninety  fhips,  in  the  fpace  of  forty  days : 
That  upon  this  the  whole  fortune  of  Eu~ 
rope  was  chang'd  in  a  moment !  If  there- 
fore they  had  any  regard  to  the  majefty  of 
his  Crown  at  home,  if  they  had  any  value 
for  a  fuperiority  of  power  amongft  fo- 
reigners, in  publick  affairs  5  if  they  wifli'd 
to  have  the  war  with  the  Algerine  Pirates 
profperoufly  ended  5    if  they  defir'd  any 
tranquillity  for  the  remainder  of  their  life, 
if  they  had  any  regard  to  the  truft  that  he 
fliould  henceforward  repofe   in  Parlia- 
ments, 


4M      Bp.  Parker's  History 

ments,  they  ought  to  allow  the  ufual  (ap- 
plies to  his  Exchequer,  not  only  for  a  time, 
but  for  ever,  adding  withal  a  new  tax  of 
three  hundred  thoufand  pounds  ;  other- 
wile  the  King  of  England  would  never  be 
able  to  fupport  the  neceflary  expences  of 
his  government.  To  thefe  things  they 
made  no  anfwer,  but  that  they  would  ne- 
ver give  the  fum  that  was  dcfir'd.  One 
hundred  and  forty  five  voted  for  giving  it ; 
two  hundred  and  two  voted  againft  it.  So 
far  did  the  factious  exceed  the  honeft  men 
in  number.  Therefore  there  was  nothing 
farther  done,  than  allowing  fix  hundred 
thoufand  pounds  for  disbanding  the  army ; 
which  yet  they  hardly  and  with  great  ftrug- 
gles  brought  to  effeft,  the  ufual  difputes 
being  daily  rais'd  between  the  Houfes,  to 
hinder  all  their  confultations.  But  at 
length  the  tax  being  granted  on  the  2  5  th  of 
July,  the  Parliament  was  prorogued,  firft 
to  the  ift  of  Auguft-,  thence  to  the  29th, 
thence  to  the  ift  of  O£lobery  and  then  to 
the  2  ift;  at  which  time  the  King  acquaint- 
ed the  Parliament  with  Oat  ess  confpiracy. 

The  End  of  the  fourth  Book. 


f  4M  ) 


THE 


INDEX. 


ACT  of  Comprchenfion.    See  Henoticon. 
Aft  of  Indemnity  or  Oblivion,  4. 11. 
Aft  of  Indulgence,  313. 13. 
Aft  again!!  the  Papifts,   and  an  Act  of  Oblivion 

procur'd  by  Shaftsbury,  322.  18. 
AH  of  Queen  Elizabeth  againft   Conventicles  re* 

viv'd  and  cnlarg'd,  87.  26.  88. 1. 
Aft  of  Uniformity.     See  Uniformity. 
Aire,  a  city  of  Artois,  taken  by  Marefchal  De  Htc- 

miers,  184.  1,2. 
Aix  la  Chapelle,  the  peace  made  there  between  the 

Spaniard  and  the  French,  163. 16,  t  7. 
Albemarle  (Duke  of)  fortifies  Shrewsbury,  Coven- 
try andBriftol,  againlt  the  Rebels,  20. 1,2.  Pre- 
vents the  Confpiracy  that  was  arifing  from  the 
preaching  of  the  Schifmaticks,  94.  f.  His  En- 
gagement with  the  Dutch  Fleet,  102.4. 
Akien  (Philip)  an  old  Rebel  difcovers  the  Confpi- 

F  f  racy 


The  Ikdex. 

racy  that  went  forward  in  Ireland,  to  Vernon  an 
Officer  of  the  King's,  68.12. 

Alexander,  an  old  Soldier  in  Cromwell's  army  head 
of  the  Confpiracy,  95*.  7,  II-  Behav'd  himfelf 
bravely  in  Cromwell's  Rebellion  96.  13.  Being 
a  Colonel  of  Horfe  in  Monmouth's  Rebellion, 
was  one  of  the  firft  that  fled,  96.  21. 

Algerines,  the  EngUjh  and  Dutch  purfue  them  with 
their  confederate  fleets,  86. 11, 12. 

Alliance  between  the  French  and  Dutch  again  ft  Eng- 
land, 1 01.  7,  8.  A  triple  Alliance  between  the 
Englijh,  Swede  and  Dutch,  againft  the  French, 
131. 1 f.  149-  25'-  The  caufes  of  the  violation  of 
the  triple  Alliance,  and  of  making  an  Alliance 
with  the  French  againft  the  Dutch,  145-.  4.  An 
Alliance  between  the  Emperor,  the  Spaniard,  and 
the  Dutch,  againft  the  French ;  the  Princes  that 
acceded  to  it,  and  the  Generals  of  the  confede- 
rate Armies,  from  164.  25-.  to  \6g.  4.  174.  13, 
Alliance  between  the  Engltjh  and  Dutch,  199. 13. 
Alliance  between  the  German  and  Pole  againft 
the  lurks,  290. 12. 

Alva  (Duke  of)  by  his  feverity  provokes  the  Dutch 
to  rebel,  308. 11, 12. 

Amboina,  the  Dutch  cruelty  there,  146.  23. 

A 'mnefty,  or  Indemnity.     SecAfi. 

Anabaptifts  in  Lincolnjhire,  14.  25^  26.  A  part  of 
the  a/Fembly  of  fix,  5-5-.  22. 

Anni  Mirabilcs,  26.  f. 

Appealing,  (the  right  of)  400  7,  8, 

Arcadius.     See  Honor  his. 

Atheifm,   the  factious  complain  of  the  increafe  of 

ft,  399-ij- 

Athol 


The  Index. 

AtUl  (Earl  of)  diftinguifli'd  himfelf  in  battle  againft 

the  Rebels,  114.22. 
Atkinfon,  a  carrier  of   letters  to  and  fro  between 

the  Confpirators,  81,16. 
Audley,   one  of  the  Officers  of  the  Rebel  Army, 

7f?f- 


BA'ms,  Baker,  Bampficld,  Rebels,  71.23.  61. 12 
100. 19. 

Balduin.     See  Thuamis. 

Bar  chin  Fadion,  inveterate  enemies  to  the  name  or 
Kings,  148. 15*,  16. 

Baron,  one  of  the  Rebel  Chiefs,  75-.  4. 

Barrow,  of  the  Furitan  Faction,  executed,  67.  7. 

Battle  between  the  Swede  and  Brandenburgh,  for 
Pomerania,  214.  16. 

Battle  (a  doubtful)  with  the  French  and  Dutch,, 
Prince  Rupert  and  the  Duke  of  Albemarle  being 
Admirals  of  the  King's  Fleet,  102.  103.  Ano- 
ther with  the  Dutch,  more  fortunate  to  the  Eng- 
lifh,  103.  13.  A  bloody  Battle  at  fea  between 
the  Englijh  and  Dutch,  the  Duke  of  York  com- 
manding on  one  fide,  and  Reuter  on  the  other, 
15*0. 17.  Between  the  Dane  and  Swede,  at  Mal- 
moe,  217.  218.  a  Battle  at  fea  between  them, 
219.  5". 

Bernardiflon.     See  Skinner. 

Beverning,  EmbalTador  from  the  States,  200.  26. 

Blake,  Admiral  of  the  Rebels  Fleet,  60.19.  Com- 
par'd  with  Tromp,  125*.  8.  Blood  and  Bond,  Re- 
bels, 69.  19.  70.  21.  Borell,  Embaifador  from 
the  States  General  to  the  King  of  Great  Britain, 
159. 13.  F  f  2  Branden- 


Th  e  Index. 

Brandcnburgh  (Eledtor  of)  accedes  to  the  Enghjh 
Alliance,  150.5.  168.21.     General  of  the  con- 
federate Army  againft  the  Swedes,  174. 18.    Join- 
ing forces  with  the  Dane,    invades  the  Swedijh 
borders,  215'.  16.    Takes  Wolgafl,  a  city  of  the 
hither  Pomcrania,  by  furrender,  2 if.  24,  25*.     Be- 
fieges  and  takes  Stetin,  219.  23.  223.  1.     Defeat- 
ing the  Swedes,    takes  Straelfund  and  Gripfwald* 
makes  an  incurfion  into  Prujfia,   and  routs  the 
Swedes  in  three  battles,  227.  7, 16.   Sending  Em- 
balTadors  to  Ratisbon,   protefts  againft  the  peace 
that  was  made  without  his  confent,  and  by  let- 
ters complains  to  the  Dutch,  230.  13.  231.  f. 

Br'tdgman  made  Chancellor  after  Clarendon,  and  at 
length  gently  laid  afide,  323.  9, 10.  32^.  20. 

Britain  {Great)  its  convenient  fituation,  280.13,14. 

Brunfwick  (Duke  of)  accedes  to  the  Englijh  Alli- 
ance, 16S.  18. 

Buchanan,  his  book  concerning  the  right  of  the 
Kingdom  of  Scotland,  forbidden  by  lav/,  89.  20= 
90.2. 


CAlvinifls,    their   infolence  occafion'd  dreadful 
llau ghters  in  France,  35-5*.  17. 
Cambray,  a  city  of  Hainault,  taken  by  the  King  of 

trance,  191.  17. 
Carr,  one  of  the  Officers  of  the  Rebel  Army,  72.4. 

W-.8- 

Cafal  (the  city)  taken  by  the  French,  286. 18. 
Celefline  (Pope)  firft  compelled  the  Sectaries  to  hold 
their  meetings  in  private  houfes,  306. 6. 

4  Chambers^ 


The  I  n  d  e  x. 

Chambers ,  a  Rebel,  70.  22. 

Charier  oy,  a  fortrefs  ill  Flanders,  befieg'd  by  the 
Prince  of  Orange,  and  the  fiege  of  it  raib'd  by 
the  Duke  of  Luxemburg}},  192.  20, 16. 

Charles  the  Firlt,  his  charge  to  his  fob,  to  be  de- 
liver'd  to  him  by  Sheldon,  5*1.  19.  f'2.1. 

Charles  the  Second,  intercedes  with  the  States  that 
his  nephew  the  Prince  of  Orange  may  be  reftor'd 
to  the  honours  of  his  family,  247.  21.  How 
great  the  happinefs  of  the  Kingdom  Was,  when 
Charles  II.  was  reftor'd,  from  1,  to  5*. 

Chambers,  a  Rebel,  70.  22. 

Charnock,  a  Rebel,  recommended  by  John  Owen 
to  be  Chaplain  to  Henry  Cromwell,  lent  by  the 
Irijh  Confpirators  to  London,  changing  his  name 
into  Clark,  long  prefided  in  a  large  Conventicle 
at  London,  7',72- 

Chimney-Tax,   144.18. 

Chriflianjlad,  a  Town  in  Blek'wg,  a  Province  be- 
longing to  the  Danes,  is  taken  by  the  Swedes^ 
226.  13. 

Clarendon  (Earl  of)  being  attack'd  by  Shaflsbury, 
is  banifh'd,  129.  8. 

Cole,  a  Confpirator,  66.  9.  95*.  5*. 

Comprehenfion.     See  Henothon. 

Conde  (Prince  of)  his  Battle  with  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  170.9. 

Conde  (the  city  of)  taken  by  the  French,  182.  20. 

Coningfmark,  General  of  the  S-wediJh  Army,  makes 
a  defcent  upon  the  I  fie  of  Kugen,   and  routs  the 

"  Danes,  225".  3.  Defends  the  city  of  Straelfund 
befieg'd  by  Brandenburgh,  227.  8. 

F  f  3  Conspiracy 


The  Index. 

Coufpiraey  (a)  form'd  to  furprize  the  Towers  of 

London  and  IVindfor,  and  difcover'd,  9.  4.   Con- 
ipiracy  of  the  Fanaticks,  14.3.    Form'd  at  Chef- 
ier,    15-,  7.     Difcover'd    by  Jellico,   a  Quaker, 
15-.  21.     Prevented  by  the  Earl  of  Derby,   16.  2. 
The  Parliament  acquaints  the  King  that  the  Con- 
fpiracy  was  difcover'd   by  letters  from    feveral 
Counties,  18.  12.     A  Confpiracy  of  fix  Schif- 
maticks,  $•$•.  21.    is  difcover'd,    57.  15".      Con- 
fpirators,   fome  of  them  fuffer'd,   others  begg'd 
pardon,  and  obtain'd  it,  57.  20,  21.    The  names 
of  the  principal  Confpirators,  5*7.24.  60.  16.  61. 
11,  12.      Confpirators,    their  confeffion,   61.  9. 
Confpirators,   their  feign'd  letters  concerning  a 
Popilh  Maflacre,  5-9.  1.     Confpiracy,  the  words 
of  it,  and  the  engagement  entred  into,  to  kill  the 
King,   and  how  the  faid  Confpiracy  was  difap- 
poirsted,  61.19.  62.4.    TheFactious  form  a  new 
Confpiracy ;   the  libels  that  they  publifh  in  order 
to  it,  66.  7,  1 1 .     Confpiracy  (an  Irijh)  at  Dublin, 
difcover'd  by  Alden,   68.  12.     Confpirators,   the 
names  of  them,  69.  14.    A  correspondence  car- 
ried on  between  the  Irijh  Confpirators,  and  their 
affociates  in  London,   Scotland,   and  Holland,    by 
means  of  Charnock  and  other  meffengers  palling 
between  them,  72.  2,  s-    The  caufes  of  the  war 
declar'd  by  them,  72.  i^.    Confpiracy,  the  proofs 
and  witneffes  of  it,   74.  11.    The  names  of  the 
Officers  appointed  to  command  the  army  of  the 
Schifmaticks,  75-.  4.   Confpiracy  in  the  Northern 
pans  of  England,    about  Famly  Grove,   near  the 
Town  of  Leeds,  under  Thomas  Oates  the  leader, 
difcover'd  by  the  information  of  Ralph  and  Sa- 
muel 


The  Index. 

ynuel  Oates,  78.  79.  Confpiracy  ;  the  princi- 
pal contrivers  of  it  were  the  Presbyterians 
that  were  ejected  on  St.  Bartholomew;  and  e- 
fpecially  Richardfon  above  the  reft ;  the  names 
of  the  other  Confpirators,  80.9.  81.  7.  Con- 
ipiracy difcover'd  by  Smithfon  and  Greatkead 
to  the  Governour  of  York,  and  communicated 
by  the  King  to  the  Parliament,  82.  1,  2,  18. 
Confpirators  communicate  their  defigns  to  the 
Dutch,  92.  25".  A  new  confpiracy  arifes  from 
the  feditious  preacing  of  the  Schifmaticks,  and 
is  prevented  by  the  vigilance  of  the  Duke  of  Al- 
bemarle, 93,  18.  945".  Confpirators  refolve  to 
burn  London,  being  mov'd  to  it  by  Lily's  pre- 
diction, 94.  21,  22.  The  chiefs  of  the  confpi- 
racy are  punilh'd  with  death,  95-.  3.  Confpi- 
racy. {Scotch)  See  the  Scots.  Teckelfs  confpi- 
racy, 214.  6.  0 ata's  confpiracy,  214.  7.  The 
Lovniftein  Confpiracy,  24^,  256.  The  Po- 
pijb,  385-  11.  The  Meffwefe.  See  Meffwefe. 
Conscience.     See  Liberty. 

Conft amine  the  Great,  being  compcll'd  to  it  by  the 
War  with  Licimus,  recalls  the  Donatifts  from 
banifhment,   and  leaves   to  the  Novatians  their 
own  Churches,  303.  19.    304.  5*. 
Convocation,   or  fynod  of  the  Clergy,   fummon'd 
by  the  King's  Writ,  makes  fome  little  alterations 
in  the  Liturgy  according  to  the  different  Circum- 
ftances  of  Times,  26.  11.   27.  3. 
Cooper,    {AJhley)    afterwards  Earl    of  Sbaftsbtiry , 
flrft  Commiffioner  of  the   Treafury,  129.  2,  3. 
Is  accused  of  Treafon,  130.  10.     See  Shaftsbury^ 
Cormack  and  Cox  Rebels,  71.  22,  23. 

F  f  4  Cottere! 


The  Index. 

Cotter  el  {Charles)  is  kill'd  in  an  Engagement  with 
the  Dutch,   15-2.  24. 

Covenant  (the  folemn  Scotch)  the  word  of  Battle, 
113.  14. 

Crequi  (Marfhal)  coming  to  raife  the  Siege  of 
Triers,  is  overcome  by  the  Duke  of  Lor  rain, 
and  the  Confederates,  178.  15-,  18.  Fights  a  Bat- 
tle with  Staremburgh,  194.  23. 

Cromwell  makes  an  Alliance  with  the  States,  on 
condition,  That  the  Prince  of  Orange  fhould  not 
be  reftor'd  to  the  dignity  of  his  Anceftors,  247.6. 

Cromwell,  {Henry)  one  of  the  commanders  of  the 
Rebel  Army,  75-.  7. 

Cromwell's  Army,  60  Officers  of  it,  7.  18.  Fif- 
teen Officers  of  Cromwell's  Faction  taken  in 
Wales,  16.  21. 

Crookjloanks  and  Mac-Conmack,  two  leaders  and 
preachers  of  the  Rebels,  fall  in  the  Battle  that 
was  fought  againft  Drummond,  ill.  20,  21. 


DANVERS,  an  Anabaptift  Rebel,  11,  7. 
Dane  (the)  brings  affiftance  to  Brandenburgh 
againft  the  Swedes,  174.  23.     Makes  an  Incur- 
fion  into  the  Swedijb  borders,  215*.  19.    Takes 
Wifmar,  a  City  of  the  Dutchy  of  Mecklemburgh, 

216.  18.     Befieges  Malmoe,    a  City  of  Schonen, 

217.  2.  Engages  in  a  Sea-Fight  with  the  Swede, 
219.  5-.  Makes  a  defcent  upon  Rugen,  together 
with  Brandenburgh,  226.   22. 

Darrel,  an  old  Officer  under  Charles  the  firft,  gives 
...    a  repulfc  to  the  Dutch  when  they  land  upon  the 
Coafts  of  Suffolk,  126,  127. 

Derby, 


The  Ind  ex. 

Derby,  (Earl  of)  15-,  16. 

Desborow,  Qohn)  a  Rebel,  10c.  23. 

De  IVits.     See  Wits, 

Deyell  and  Drummond,  Scots,  being  banifh'd  in  Crow- 
-well's  time,  fly  into  Mufcovy,  10 f.  14,18.  Charles 
the  Second  recalling  them,  they  return  to  their 
native  Country,  and  are  fent  againft  the  Scotch 
Conlpirators,  ic6.  4.  Drummond  with  an  hun- 
dred Horfe  rights  againft  three  hundred  Rebels, 
in.  16,  17.  Deyell  relieves  Ogilby  and  the 
King's  Forces  when  they  are  diftrefs'd,  112.  3. 
Deyell  and  Drummond  admitted  into  the  Privy 
Council,  114.  8. 

Digby,  Son  of  the  Earl  of  Brijlol,  is  kill'd  in  a 
Sea-Fight  againft  the  Dutch,  iyt.   10. 

Dolman,  a  Rebel,  127.  20. 

Drummond.     See  Deyell. 

Dutch  (the)  enter  into  the  meafures  and  counfels 
of  the  Englijh  Rebels,  and  receive  feveral  of  them, 
and  advance  them  to  the  higheft  Offices  of  State, 
92.  25*.  93.  3.  Dutch  and  French,  their  Alli- 
ance againft  England,  101.  7.  The  Dutch  pub- 
liih  falfe  reports  of  the  Englijh  Ships  being  de- 
ftroy'd,  103.  They  fly  in  a  lecond  Battle,  103. 
13.  At  the  very  time  when  the  Peace  was  treat- 
ed of  at  their  own  requeft,  they  treacherously 
furpriz'd  the  Englijh  Fleet  in  the  Harbour  at 
Chatham.  123,  124.  The  Dutch  Admirals  com- 
pared with  the  Englijh,  124,  12?.  Dutch  Alliance 
With  the  Englijh  and  Swede  againft  the  French, 
131.  iy.  Dutch  Smyrna  Fleet,  144.  I.  Their 
hatred  of  the  Englijh,  and  their  pride,  145*.  14, 
148.  11.    Dutch  Republick,  what  it  is,  14)".  11. 

The 


The  Index. 

The  Dutch  beg  for  peace  of  the  King  of  Great- 
Britain,  and  obtain  it,  15-7.  20.  Dutch  Alliance 
with  England,  199.  13.  with  the  French,  203. 
20.  Their  new  Alliance  with  the  EngHJh,  all 
agreement  with  the  French  being  canceled,  204. 
2r.  A  peace  prefently  fign'd  between  the  French 
and  the  Dutch,  both  the  Confederates,  and  the 
Englife  Mediators  refenting  it,  206.  1.  3.  6. 
A  war  between  the  Dutch  and  the  Bilhop  of 
Munfler^  248.  9,  10. 


EDICT  of  Nantz,  the  Calvinijls  abufe  it,  357. 
12.    Perpetual  Edicl  againft   the  Family   of 

Orange,  248.  26.    249.  I.     Is  repeal'd  2^8.  26. 

25-9.  1. 
Elizabeth,  (Queen)  her  Law  againft  Conventicles, 

88.  1,  2. 
Enthufiafts  (a  Rabble  of  forty)  under  Venner  their 

leader,  11.  17,  18. 
Evans,  a  Rebel,  29.  4. 
Exchequer  empty,  and  opprefs'd  with  a  heavy  debt, 

139.  20,  21.     Shut  up,  141.  5*. 


FAclious  (a)  Rabble  from  the  Street  call'd  Wap- 
ping,  befet  the  Parliament-Houfe,  403.  25-. 
Four  of  the  Factious  refufing  to  ask  Pardon, 
were  fent  Prifoners  to   the  Tower,  40 j*.  19. 


The  Ind  ex. 

Fagg.     See  Sherley. 

Famly  Grove,  near  the  Town  of  Leeds,  where  the 
Northern  Rebels  appeared  in  Arms,  78.  17. 

Fay  maintains  the  City  of  Phtlipsburgh  when  it  is 
befieg'd,  187.  4.  Is  prefented  by  Herman,  Prince 
of  Baden,  with  a  Sword  fet  with  Diamonds, 
188.  18.  Receives  the  Government  of  Brifack 
from  the  King,  189.  15-. 

Fifth-monarchy  Men,  f$.  23. 

F'tjher    and  Flint  Rebels,  81.  7.    95*.  4. 

Flag,  the  honour  of  it,  due  to  thzEngUJh,  161.  22. 
163.   1,  2. 

Flanders,  payment  of  the  Forces  there  continued* 
42 1.  10. 

Foukes,  one  of  the  Officers  of  the  Rebel  Army? 
difcovers  the  Confpiracy,  74.  14. 

French  King,  his  Power,  131.  if.  148.  7.  149. 
17,  18.  He  proclaims  war  againfl  the  Provinces 
of  Flanders,  claiming  it  as  his  wife's  dowry,  131. 
if.  132.  1.  His  fuccefs  againfl  the  Dutch,  i^o. 
114.  Obtains  a  truce  between  the  Swede 
and  Brandenburgh,  228.  13.  making  an  incurfion 
into  the  Dominions  of  Brandenburgh,  forces  him 
to  accept  of  the  terms  of  peace ;  and  compels 
the  Dane,  by  threatning  to  lay  wade  the  county 
of  Oldenburgh,  a  part  of  the  Danifi  Dominions, 
229.  14.  Penetrates  into  the  very  bowels  of  the 
United  Provinces,  25-0.  11. 

French  Interefl  and  Popery ;  the  Fa&ious  complain 
of  both,  379.  26.    380.  1. 

Furftembergh  (Prince  of)  200.  1. 


George^ 


The  Index, 


G 


GEorge,  (Prince)  together  with  his  Brother  the 
King  of  Denmark,  befieges  Malmoe,  217,  218. 

Ghent,  a  City  or  Flanders,  taken  by  Humiers,  193.  19. 

Gibbs,  the  Gibbs's  Brethren,  Gladman,  Rebels,  72.4, 
61,  12.    17.  10. 

Grace,  a  blafphemous  Form  of  it  us'd  by  Robinfon, 
no.  2. 

Graef  (James  de)  attempting  to  kill  John  de  IVits^ 
is  beheaded,  25*5'.  19,  20. 

Gray,  a  leader  of  a  Scotch  Tumult,  carries  Turner 
away  Prifoner,  108.  26. 

Greathead,  formerly  Lambert's  Lt.  Colonel,  a  dif- 
coverer  of  the  Confpiracy,  82.  2. 

Gripfwald ,  a  City  of  Pomerania.  Brandenburgh 
takes  it,  227.  n. 

Guiney,  the  villany  of  the  Dutch  upon  that  Coaft, 
86,  18. 

Gufman  defends  the  City  Puyfard,  194.  13. 

Gujiavus,  (Charles)  King  of  Sweden,  takes  Mal- 
moe from  the  Danes,  217.  6. 

Green  Ribbon  round  the  Hat,  a  badge  of  the  Re- 
bels. 331.  19,  20. 

H 

HAmtlton,  (Duke  of)  with  Drummond,  defeats 
the  Scotch  Rebels,  112.  21,  22. 
Harmatage  being   ejected    from    Holbec,  promiles 

Forces  to  the  Confpirators,  81.  9,  10. 
Hart  and  Hems  Rebels,  71,  23.  17.  10. 

Harrtfon 


The  Index. 

Harrifin  the  Regicide ;  his  execution,  attended  with 

a  pretended  miracle,  24.  21,  22. 
Henoticon,  or  Comprehenjion,  the  bane  of  the  Eng- 
lijh  Church,  40.  25-.     Drawn  up  chiefly  by  the 
authority  of  Bridgman,  324.  7.     Sheldon  oppofes 
it,  37.  22.  38  to  41. 
Herman,  Prince  of  Baden,  188.  9. 
Hide  {Laurence)  EmbafTador  of  the  States,  206.  14. 
Hind,   one  of  the  Confpirators,  acknowlcdg'd  his 

fault,  and  begs  pardon,  61.  13. 
Holmes  fights  againft  the  Dutch,  T47,  4.   I  ff.  f. 
Holmes  (a  Colonel)  being  eighty  years  old  is  exe- 
cuted for  Monmouth's  Rebellion,  9.  13. 
Holland  would  give  the  command  of  the  army  to 

cTurenne.     248.  21.     Hollanders.     See  Dutch. 
Honorius  and  Arcadius  granted  liberty  to  Schifma- 
ticks,  that  they  might  not  go  over  to  the  Enemy, 
304.  8. 
Humiers   (Marflial  dc)   takes  Aire,  184.  f.     Is  a 
great  Favourite  of  the  Duke  of  Turk,    184.  12. 
Joyning  Forces  with  Marfhal  Schomberg,   raifes 
the  fiege    of  Maeftricht,     184.    21.     Takes  St- 
Guiflain  and  Ghent,  193.  9,  19. 
Hungarians  Rebellion  againft   the    Emperor,    259. 
24.     The  Hungarian  war.  282    9. 


j 

JEllico,  a  Quaker,  difcovers  the  Chejhire  Confpi- 
racy,   15-.  21. 
Jephfon,   a  Rebel  Colonel,   Member  of  the   Irijh 
Parliament,  is  hang'd,  71.  9. 

Independents^  their  Sedt,  SS-  22»    35*-  4- 

Ingoldsby^ 


The  Index. 

Ingoldsby,  (Sir  Rkhard)  one  of  the  Officers  of  the 

Rebel  Army,  75*.  6. 
'John  James,  a  Fanatick  Preacher  at  Whitehall,  is 

executed,  17,  15-,  24. 
Jones,  (Sir  Theophtlus)  one  of  the  Rebel  Officers, 

had  a  clofe  correfpondence  with  Ludlow,  and 

difcover'd  the  counfels  of  the  Confpirators,  75". 

8,  17. 
Ipres,  the  Marfhal  de  Lorge  takes  it,  193.  2£. 
Juel,  Admiral  of  the  Dutch  Fleet,  219,  12. 


K 


ITElly  (Earl  of)  fights  againft  the  Rebels,  114. 

Keljy    {'Thomas)   Kenrick,  and  King  Rebels,    100. 
24.    17.  11.    71.  23. 


LA^y,  a  Rebel  Minifter  of  the  Presbyterian  Se£t, 
hang'd,  71.  17. 
Lambert,  82.  3. 
Lawfon,  Admiral  of  the  King's  Fleet  againft  the///- 

gerines,  86.  13. 
Ltfiw  (four  kinds  of)  pafsM  in  Parliament  againft 
the  Rebels,  20.  23.  A  method  of  making  Laws, 
by  which  things  contrary  or  different  are  enacted 
by  the  fame  Law,  413.  2,  3,  4.  A  Law  con- 
cerning Clothes  rejected,  413.  8,  14.  Laws  or 
Terms  of  Alliance  required  by  the  Grand  Vizier, 
and  rejected  by  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  288. 
3  *3>  ai. 


The  Index. 

13,  21.  Laws  or  Articles  of  agreement  be- 
tween Teckeli  and  the  Turks,  289. 10. 

Lermont,  firft  a  Taylor,  afterwards  a  Commander 
of  the  right  wing  of  the  Rebels,  172. 13, 14. 

LeJUy  (Count)  General  of  the  Emperor's  forces  in 
Hungary ',  283.26.  284.1. 

Leew  (the  Town  and  Caflle  of)  the  key  of  Bra- 
bant, taken  by  furprize  by  Mellac,  194.3,4. 

Libels  (infamous).     See  Marvel. 

Liberty  of  Confcience  granted  to  Schifmaticks, 
64.  7.  Arguments  againit  it,  64.  23.  Difputation 
concerning  it,  35-4.  4. 

League  (the  wicked)  35-7.  1. 

Levellers  a  part  of  the  alTembly  of  fix,  ff.  24. 

L  lib  urn,  82.2. 

Lily's  prediction,  94.21. 

Linch  (the  Fort  of)  taken,  184. 14. 

Linlithgow  (Earl  of)  fights  againft  the  Rebels, 
114.22. 

Litcott  and  Lockier  Rebels,  17. 10.  57.  24. 

London  (the  fire  of)  117. 11.  relblv'd  upon  by  the 
Rebels,  94.  14.  where  it  firft  began,  120.  19. 
various  opinions  concerning  it,  118.  6.  London 
changM  from  wood  into  marble,  121.26. 

Lorge  (Count  de)  nephew  to  Turenne,  put  into  the 
place  of  his  deceas'd  unkle;  fights  with  theGVr- 
mans,  177. 21.  Marefchal  de  Lorge  takes  tyres, 
193.25-. 

Lorrain,  166.14.  167.16.  168.17.  General  of  the 
confederate  Army  upon  the  Mofelle,  174.16,17. 
Fights  with  Turenne,  169. 16.  Overcomes  Cre- 
qui,  178.  22.  Befieges  Philipsburgh  with  the  Im- 
perial Army,  183. 22.  is  excluded  from  the  bene- 
fit 


Th  e  Index. 

fit  of  the  peace,  241.  5-.  General  of  the  Impe- 
rial Forces  again  ft  the  Turks,  290.  23. 

Loveftein  Faction  cafts  the  Prince  of  Orange  out 
of  the  whole  adminiftration,  245*.  4. 

Ludlow  at  the  head  of  all  the  Confpiracies,  10. 1 2, 13. 
Commits  the  care  of  the  Irijh  Confpiracy  to  the 
truft  of  Philip  Al den,  69. 1,2.  is  chofen  to  com- 
mand the  Army,  75*.  4. 

Lunden,  a  city  of  Schonen,  a  fliarp  battle  near  it, 
216.21. 

Luxenburgh  (Duke  of)  comes  to  relieve  Philips- 
burgh,  186.  19.  Raifes  the  fiege  of  Charier oy 
that  was  carried  on  by  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
192.26.    Befieges  Mons,  209.  4. 


M 


\yf  Ac-Cormac.     See  Crook/hank. 

1.VA  Maeftrtcht  is  befieg'd  by  Orange,  183.  21. 
and  reliev'd,  185-.  14. 

Malmoe,  a  city  of  Schonen,  fubdued  by  Charles 
Guftavus,  befieg'd  by  the  Dane,  217.  2,6. 

Margaret  of  Parma  preferves  Holland  from  a  re- 
volt by  her  indulgence,  308.  9. 

Marfden,  formerly  Chaplain  to  Overton,  a  princi- 
pal perfon  amongft  the  Confpirators ;  fent  Embaf- 
fador  to  theAlTembly  of  Rebels  at  London;  out- 
lawed, changing  his  name  into  Raphfon,  prefided 
twenty  years  over  a  large  Conventicle  at  Lon- 
don, 80. 16.  81. 1. 

Marvel,  a  fcurrilous  flanderer,  publishes  infamous 
libels,  332.1,2.  333.  I.     Read  of  him  from  333, 

to  349.  MaJ[ey 


Ttf  e    Inde  X. 

Majfcy  (Sir  Edward)  one  of  them  that  command- 
ed the  army  of  Rebels,  75*.  $. 

Maximus  the  Emperor  inflicts  capital  punifhment 
upon  the  Prifallianifts,  306.  11. 

MaJJarene,  and  Meruit*  a  Knight,  Officers  of  the 
Rebel  Army,  75-.  4. 

Mellac  takes  Lecw,  194.3. 

Merchandife  or  Trade  with  France  forbidden,  412. 
7.     Whence  the  King  fuftains  great  lofs,  412.  8. 

Mejfinefe,  their  infurrech'on  againlt  the  Spaniard^ 
25-9.  23.  their  Conspiracy  aided  and  abetted  by 
the  French,  272.26.  273.7.  275*.  9.  The  plague 
at  Me  (Jin  a,  273.  21. 

Michael  King  of  Poland,  262.7.     Dies,  263.25'. 

MidUton  (Earl  of)  Lord  High  Commifiioner  of 
Scotland,   107.  II,  12. 

Mtlcs,  a  Rebel,  95%  4. 

Millinex,  an  Anabaptift,  fends  a  letter  to  Jel/ico 
a  Quaker,  1^.  4. 

Milton;  by  his  intereft  Marvel  that  refembled  him 
in  malignity  of  genius,  is  made  Under-Secretary 
to  Cromwell,  332.  19,  20.  Zeigler  of  Leipjick 
writes  againlt  Milton  and    the  Regicides,    I20. 

Mons,  (the  bloody  battle  of)  209. 16. 

Mons,  the  city  mHainault,  befieg'd  by  Luxenbttrgb, 
209. 4. 

ilfc^,  defeats  Tromp  in  a  fea-fight,  125*.  13. 

Montecuculi  (Count  of)  General  of  the  Imperial 
Army  upon  the  Rhine  iwAlface,  174. 14.  Gains 
a  victory  over  Turenne,  175-,  176. 

Montrofs  (Earl  of)  hang'd  by  the  Scotch  Rebels  up- 
on a  gallows  thirty  foot  high,  115-.  16, 17. 

G  g  Munfter 


The  Index. 

Munfter  (Bifhop  of)  169.  2.  a  war  between  him 
and  the  Dutch,  248.  9,  10. 


N 


NAnts  (the  Edia  of)  3^7-  12. 
Nero  ilain'd  with  human  blood,  Hied  upon 
the  account  of  Religion,  309.16. 

Nimeguen,  a  city  in  the  Province  of  Gelderland;  a 
treaty  of  peace  there  between  the  French  King 
and  the  Confederates,  174.4,5'.  a  treaty  of  peace 
agreed  upon  there  between  the  French  and  the 
Dutch,  198.  23,  24. 

Noailles  (Duke  of)  General  of  the  French  Army 
in  Catalonia,  againft  the  Spaniards,  forces  the 
city  Puyfard  to  furrender,  but  upon  honourable 
terms,  194. 10, 21. 


OAth  (the  form  of  the)  to  be  required  of  Offi- 
cers and  Soldiers,  21.  21.   an  Oath  impos'd 
upon  fanatick  Preachers,  99.  14.  a  difpute  con- 
cerning a  new  Oath  of  Allegiance,  389,390. 
Ogilby,  a  Knight,   engages  in  battle  with  the  Scotch 

Rebels,  in.  24. 
Opdam,  Admiral  of  the  Dutch  Fleet,  90,  25*.    De- 
feated by  the  Duke  of  York,  lif.  22. 
Orange  (Prince  of)  fights  with  Conde,  170.9.    Ge- 
neral of  the  Confederate  Army  in  Flanders,  174. 
21,  22.    in  vain  attempts  to  relieve  the  city  of 
.Conde  in  Flanders,   bdieg'd  by  the  French,  182, 

4  1S3. 


Th  e  Index. 

183.  in  vain  befieges  Macftricht  in  lower  Ger- 
many, and  Charleroy,  1 83. 20, 2 1 .  192.21.  endea- 
vours to  raife  the  fiege  of  St.  Omers,  without 
fuccefs,  192.6.  attacks  Luxenhkrgh,  carrying  on 
the  fiege  of  Mons,  209. 14.  is  call  out  of  power 
by  the  Lovefiein  Faclion,  245.4.  Cromwell  pre- 
vents his  enjoying  any  dignity,  247.  6.  Charles 
the  Second  intercedes  for  him  with  the  States, 
247. 19.  He  is  committed  by  his  mother  to  the 
care  of  John  De  Wits,  248.  2.  is  reftor'd  to  his 
title  and  dignity,  by  the  united  Provinces,,  efpe- 
cially  by  Zealand,  Holland  alone  oppofing  it,  248. 
13,  19.  is  immediately  depriv'd  of  all  power, 
249.  1.  afterwards  obtains  the  principal  place  a- 
mongfl:  the  Nobility  of  Zealand,  and  the  fupreme 
power  in  the  Aflembly  of  the  States,  25-0.  1,  $•, 
is  at  length  chofen  Generalifiimo  by  all  the  Pro- 
vinces, 2fi.  3.  and  obtains  the  fupreme  power, 
not  only  for  life,  but  as  hereditary,  25-9.9. 
Orleans  (Duke  of)  takes  St.  Omers,  a  city  of  Ar~ 

tols,  192. 14. 
Ormond  (Duke  of)   Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland, 

obviates  the  Dublin  Confpiracy,  69,  70, 
Ofnaburgh  (Bifhop  of)   168.25-. 
OJfory  (Earl  of)  eldelt  foil  of  the  Duke  of Ormond, 

feiz'd  with  a  fever,  dies,  210. 1.  to  213.  23. 
Oates  (Captain  Thomas)  a  ring-leader  of  the  Con- 
fpirators ;  Ralph  Gates,  Mafter  of  Arts,  and  Sa- 
muel his  younger  brother,  Rebels,  and  Informers, 
ready  to  fwear  againft  their  father  Oates,  who 
confefling  his  wickednefs,  obtained  the  King's 
pardon,  78.25-.  to  79. 13. 

G  g  2  Overton, 


The  Index.1 

Overton,  an  Anabaptift  Colonel,  Govcrnour  ©f 
Hull,  80.17. 

Owen  {John)  a  principal  man  amongft  the  Factious, 
72.  1.  Publifhes  a  Book  concerning  Liberty  of 
Confcience,   35-2.  12.     More  concerning    him, 

353.   f.  tO  2S- 


T)Ecker,  a  Rebel,  17.9. 

X  Peace  between  the  French  King  and  the  Con- 
federates endeavonr'd  to  be  brought  to  pafs,  the 
King  of  Great  Britain  being  Mediator  and  In- 
tercefTor,  173. 2f.  Between  the  French  and  Dutch, 
the  fame  Prince  offering  himfelf  as  a  Mediator, 
197.  24. 

Pearfon,  a  Devon/hire  Fanatick,  a  great  number  of 
arms  hid  in  his  vault,  14. 13, 14. 

Penry,  one  of  the  Puritan  Fa&ion,  hang'd,  67. 6. 

Peters,  a  miracle  reported  concerning  him,  as  he 
went  to  the  gallows,  24. 23, 24. 

Philips,  2l  Rebel,  61. 11. 

Philipsburgh  (the  City)  befieg'd  by  the  Confede- 
rates, and  furrendred  upon  honourable  terms, 
183.22,23.  i8y,  to  188. 

Plague,  two  hundred  thoufand  die  of  it,  oc.  8.  up- 
on that  account  the  Seffion  of  Parliament  pro- 
rogued to  another  year,  90.  10.  The  Plague 
fpreads  at  MeJJina,  273.  21. 

Preachers  (  fchifmatical )  the  mod  feditious  of  all, 
93.  11,  T2.  Banifh'd  five  miles  from  Corporati- 
ons, 99. 11. 

Prefs,  the  liccntioumefs  of  it  to  be  rcftrain'd,  22. 
22, 23.  Popijh 


The  Index. 

PopiJJj  MafTacre,  a  feign'd  report  of  it,  rais'd  by 
the  Fanatick  Confpirators,  5-8.  23.  Papifts  in 
feveral  Places,  efpecially  in  the  Counties  of  War- 
wick and  IVorcefter,  taken  into  cuftody  upon  this 
account,  66.  6.  A  Popifh  war,  and  the  fear  of 
Popery  pretended  by  the  Sectaries,  379,  4. 

Popery.     See  French  Intereft. 

Prince  Palatine,  169.   3. 

Presbyterians.     See  Schifmaticks. 

The  Articles  of  the  Presbyterian  Confpirators,  and 
other  Schifmatical  Factions,  79.  16.  Presbyte- 
rian Minifters  at  London ;  their  humble  petitions 
to  the  King  againft  the  Act  of  Uniformity,  29.23- 
Presbyterians  that  were  ejected  before  the  Feaft 
of  St.  Bartholomew  ;  their  farwell  Sermons  pub- 
liuYd,  67.  17.  The  ejected  Presbyterians,  the 
chief  contrivers  of  the  Confpiracy,  80.  9. 

Prifcillianifts  punifh'd  with  death,  306.  11,  12. 

Privileges  difputed  between  the  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
ment, 406.  14. 

Prodigie s  pretended  in  feveral  places,  23.  2f.  24.  1. 

Proteftant  Subjects,  a  general  reconciliation  of  them, 
rejected  in  Parliament,  40.  21. 

Puritan  Faction,  Penry  and  Barrow  Accomplices 
in  it,  67.  6. 

Puyfard  (the  City)  is  furrendred  to  the  Duke  of 

Noailles,   194.   12. 
Pyrenean  Treaty,  410,  24, 


G  g  3  Quakenx 


The  Index. 


f\Uakers,  a  part  of  the  AfTembly  of  fix,  5-5-.  23. 

^-  They  only,  of  the  Schifmaticks,  oppofe  the 
Aft  againft  Conventicles,  88.  19.  Many  of 
them  carried  to  the  Plantations  m  America,  89.8. 


R 


RAthbon,  read  Rebels ;  95*.  3.  17.  11. 
Rebels,  their  Heads  fpring  forth  again  like  the 
Heads  of  the  Hydra,  10. 4,  5*.  Rebels,  their  un- 
grateful Nature,  4.  20.  Their  Aflembly  efta- 
blifh'd  at  London,  6. 14.  Their  Meeting  taken  at 
JVeftminfter,  17.  6,  7.  Rebel  Officers  of  Crom- 
zveVs  army  commanded  to  be  20  Miles  diftant 
from  London,  and  forbidden  to  appear  abroad 
both  in  Ireland  2nd.  England,  t8.  i.  88.  10,  1 1. 
Fugitive  Rebels  and  Regicides  ready  upon  the 
neighbouring  Coafts  of  France  and  Holland,  20.  8. 
Fugitive  Rebels  rcfiding  in  the  United  Provinces, 
or  any  where  elfe,  commanded  to  return  home 
in  three  Months  time;  the  Names  of  the  Rebels 
that  were  cited  to  return,  100. 13.  ico.  19. 
Renter  appointed  Admiral  of  the  Dutch  Fleet  a- 
gainft  the  Algerines ,  attacks  the  Englijh  upon 
the  Coaft  of  Guinea,  whither  he  by  ftcalth  had 
withdrew  himfelf,  by  order  of  the  States,  86.  14. 
to  20.  Renters  Admiral-Ship  is  attack'd  by  a 
little  VelTel  (calTd  in  jtft,  the  Fan-fan)  furnifiVd 
with  two  fmall  Guns.  104.  1,  2.    Renter  put 

to 


The  Index. 

to  flight  by  the  Englijh,  in  almoft  every  Battle, 
126.  1.  Renters  Villany,  147.  14.  Renter  en- 
gages in  a  Sea-fight  with  the  Engli/h,  15*0.  20. 
Coming  to  afiift  the  Spaniards  again  ft  the  rebel- 
lious MeJJinefe,  dies  of  his  wounds,  276.  3. 

Richard/on,  Dr.  of  Divinity,  Dean  of  Rippon,  a 
principal  Perfon  amongft  the  Confpirators,  infa- 
mous for  Drunkenncfs  and  Lewdnefs,  being  out- 
law'd,  died  in  excile,  18.  12. 

Rigs,  a  Presbyterian  Preacher,  formerly  Chaplain 
to  Blake,  Admiral  of  the  Rebel  Fleet,  afterwards 
a  Brewer's  Clerk,  a  difcoverer  of  the  Confpira- 
cy,  and  a  treacherous  accufer  of  his  accomplices, 
60. 16. 

Robin/on  a  Minifter,  and  John  Wells  a  Preacher  of 
Sedition,  infult  over  James  Turner,  who  was 
taken  prifoner  by  the  Rebels,  109.18,23.  Robin- 
fun  ufes  a  blafphemous  form  of  Grace,  no.  2. 
His  Blafphemy  is  punifh'd  at  the  gallows,  113. 
18. 

Rochel  (the  taking  of)  the  end  of  the  Cahinijls 
war,  3*7.17. 

Rugen,  an  Ifland  of  the  Danift  Dominions,  is  in- 
vaded by  Coningsmark,  226.  23. 

Rupert,  Prince  Palatine,  one  of  the  Admirals  of 
the  King's  Fleet,  goes  out  to  meet  the  French, 
101. 17. 

Ruvigny  the  French  EmbaiTador  objects  againfr  the 
peace  with  the  Dutch,  163.9. 


G  g  4  Salmon, 


The  Index, 


QilmoK,  one  of  Cromwell's  Colonels,  taken,  io< 

Sanders,  and  Sanford,  Rebels,  9f.  4.  69.  18.  74.  12. 

Sandwich  (Earl  of)  kill'd  in  a  fea -fight  againft  the 
Dutch,  if  1. 10. 

Schifmaticks.  See  Presbyterians  and  Sectaries.  Schif- 
maticks,  their  attempts  againft  the  A£t  of  Uni- 
formity, 29.  3.  They  did  not  want  friends  in 
both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  nor  even  amungft 
the  Bifhops,  34.  20,  21.  The  Royal  Indulgence 
towards  Schifmaticks,  in  remitting  the  penalties 
inflicted  by  law,  34.  22.  The  Schifmaticks  re- 
quire the  repealing  the  law,  35-.  17.  What  the 
Schifmaticks  cannot  do  by  authority,  they  attempt 
by  fraud,  and  enter  into  a  new  Confpiracy  with 
fome  treacherous  Divines  in  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  require  an  A6t  of  Comprehenh*on  to 
be  pafs'd,  one  or  two  Bifhops,  and  fome  Pref- 
byters,  and  two  Lawyers  feconding  them,  36. 20. 
37. 17.  Their  AlTembly  of  fix  perfons,  confid- 
ing of  the  fix  factions,  the  Presbyterians,  Inde- 
pendents, Anabaptifts,  Quakers,  Fifth-monarchy 
men,  and  Levellers,  SS-  2I>  22-  Their  Confpi- 
racy is  difcover'd,  $7.  if.  The  Schifmaticks 
growing  more  infolent,  becaufe  the  King  was 
involv'd  in  the  Dutch  war,  are  reftrain'd  by  the 
law  againft  Conventicles  being  renew'd  both  in 
England  and  Scotland,  87,  88,  Whilft  the  Na- 
tion labour'd  under  the  calamities  of  peftilence 

and 


The  Index. 

and  war,   they  confpirc  againft    their  Country, 
87.  10.  92.  6.     The  obfervation  of  the  Laws  a- 
gainft  them  is  requir'd  by  the  King's  Proclama- 
tion, and  their  Conventicles  are  reftrain'd,  133.9. 
The  patrons  and  favourers  of  the  Schifmaticks 
confult  about  the  dilTolution  of  the  Parliament ; 
which  being  attempted  in  vain,   they  raife  diffe- 
rences between  the  two  Houfes  concerning  Pre- 
rogatives and  Privileges,  133.17,21.  Complaints 
to  the  King  of  their  infolence,  and  a  Proclama- 
tion againft  their  Preachers,    136.  24,  26.     The 
Schifmaticks  being  affrighted  by  the  execution  of 
the  Laws,  retir'd  to  their  dark  places  of  conceal- 
ment, and  as  foon  as  the  Parliament  is  prorogu'd, 
become  more  infolent,  138. 14,  to  21. 
Scomberg  (Marefchal)   with  Marefchal  de  Hu- 
miers,  relieves  Maeftricht,  when  it  is  bencg'd  by 
the  Prince  of  Orange,  184.  21. 

Scot,  one  of  the  Officers  of  the  Rebel-Army,  a 
difcoverer  of  the  Confpiracy,  74. 13. 

Scot  the  fon  of  Scot  the  Regicide,  a  Rebel,  ico. 
19,20. 

Scotch  Teachers  being  ejected  out  of  their  Pariihes, 
ftir  up  the  people  to  Rebellion,  104.16.  Scots, 
D eye  11  and  Drummond  fubdue  them,  112.  18.  a 
Battle  is  fought  between  the  Scotch  Rebels,  and 
the  King's  Army,  two  miles  from  Edinburgh, 
and  after  various  fortune  on  each  fide,  the  Re- 
bels are  defeated,  111,13. 

Sectaries,  too  great  a  liberty  is  granted  to  them; 
and  the  reafons  of  it  are  conflrm'd  by  examples, 
302.  5\  to  310.  10.  They  abufe  that  liberty  to  a 
very  different  end,  311. 6.    The  Seditions  of  the 

Sectaries 


The  Index. 

Sectaries,  311.  10.  316.  3.  Their  libels  and 
threats  againft  the  King's  Majefty,  331.  24. 

Seditious  AiTembly  of  Lawyers  in  a  tavern  at  the 
llgn  of  King  Henry  VIII.  over-againft  the  Tem- 
ple, 331.8,9. 

Sempler  and  IVilks,  Teachers,  and  the  chief  Au- 
thors of  the  Scotch  Confpiracy,  are  the  firft  that 
fly,  113. 21.  114.6. 

Seneff  in  Flanders,  famous  for  a  battle  between  0- 
range  and  Conde,  170.9. 

Shaftsbury  (Earl  of)  Chancellor,  ifTues  out  writs 
for  Elections,  without  acquainting  the  Parlia- 
ment ;  cafts  off  the  odium  and  anger  that  was 
rais'd  againft  him  upon  that  account,  from  him- 
felf  to  the  King ;  is  fufpecled  by  the  King,  and 
at  length  remov'd  from  the  Chancellorfhip ;  be- 
fore he  is  remov'd,  he  procures  two  Laws  to  be 
made,  one  againft  the  Papifts,  the  other  an  A6t 
of  general  oblivion,  by  which  he  would  fcreen 
himfelf,  316.  16,  21.  317.  7.  318.  12.  322.  17. 
323.  7.  Succeeded  Bridgman  in  the  Chancellor- 
ihip,  325'.  20.  His  Speeches  to  the  Parliament, 
321.  12.  Being  commanded  to  depart  from  the 
Court,  he  endeavours  to  ftir  up  the  Londoners 
with  various  rumours  and  complaints,  327.  18. 
Is  fent  prifoner  to  the  Tower,  405*.  22. 

Shapcot  (Colonel)  a  Rebel,  69. 14. 

Sheldon  {Gilbert)  firft  Bifhop  of  London,  afterwards 
Archbifhop  of  Canterbury,  31.  9.  Proves  the 
execution  of  the  Act  of  Uniformity  to  be  necef- 
fary,  and  oppofes  the  repealing  it,  31.  12.  Art- 
fully reproves  the  treachery  of  a  certain  great 
perfon  that  favour'd  the  A£l  of  Comprchenfion^ 
39.9.  S  her  ley, 


The  Index. 

Sberley,  a  Do&or  of  Phyfick,  and  Fagg,  a  Mem- 
ber of  the  lower  Houfe,  both  of  them  Fanaticks, 
contend  in  Parliament  concerning  the  right  of  Ap- 
peals, 395-.  18,  19.  Six  (an  AiTembly  of.)  See 
Schifmaticks. 
Sheffington  (Sir  John)  one  of  the  Officers  of  the 

Rebel  Army,  75".  7. 
Skinner,  a  Dependent  of  the  Earl  of  Shaftsbury, 
his  difpute  with  Sir  Samuel  Bernardifton,  133.  25*. 
134. 1. 
Smith/on,  formerly  Lieutenant  Colonel  to  Lilburn, 

a  difcoverer  of  the  Confpiracy,  82. 1. 
Sobieski  (General)  his  actions,  206.  17.  to  271. 17. 
Southampton  (Earl  of)  dies,  128.16. 
Spaniard,    Guarantee  and  Advocate  for  the  Dutch 

fidelity,  in-2?- 
Spragg  {Edward)   keeps   off  the  Dutch  from  the 
coaft,  1 2.6. 16.  Fighting  againft  Tromp,  is  drown'd, 
157.8. 
Speech  (King's)  to  the  Parliament,    concerning  the 
Northern  Rebellion,  82.  22.     Exhorting  to  unity, 
398.  5*.   399.  S-     Concerning  the  treaty  with  the 
Dutch,  383.  25*.     Complaining  of  the  war  being 
begun,   408.  20.  to  411.  12.     Of  the  disbanding 
the  forces,  417. 10.  to  420. 16. 
Starsnbergh,  famous  for  heroick  actions,  196,  197. 
Engages  with  Crequi,  194.  2$'.     The  Defender 
of  the  Chriftian  World  from  the  Ottoman  yoke; 
bravely  maintains  Vienna,  291.  10. 
Stedd,   a  Scotch  Minifter,   ejected  out  of  a  certain 
Parifh  in  Devonjhirc,  a  Nuncio  between  the  E??g- 
///?  Fanaticks,  and  his  own  Countrymen,  81. 10. 
St.  Guiflain,   a  town  of  Hainault,   taken  by  Ma- 
refchal  de  Humiers,  193.9. 

Stetin. 


T  H  £    I  N  D  I  xV 

Sum,  the  metropolis  of  Powerania,  is  befiegM  by 
Brandenburgh,  and  bravely  defended  by  the  Ci- 
tizens, and  at  length  furrendred  upon  honourable 
terms,  219.  23.  to  225-. 

5.'.  On^rs.     See  Orleans. 

Strafford  (the  Earl  of)  a  tumult  raisM  againft  him, 
Sjanuer  being  leader  of  it,   134.6,7. 

Straelfund,  a  city  of  Pomerania,  defended  by  Con- 
ingfmark,  and  taken  by  Brandenburgh,  227. 8. 

Strar.ge,  a  principal  Confpirator,  5-7.  24. 

Strange  ays,  famous  for  fidelity  and  wealth,  oppofes 
the  Earl  of  Shaft  sbury,  31S.  23. 

Strasburgh  (the  City  of)  taken  by  the  French,  2S6. 
17.     The  Bifhop  of  Strasburgh,  199.  26. 

Streater  and  Stubs,  Rebels,  17.10.  6l.1i. 

Subjects,  their  right,  35*8.  22. 

Surinam,  what  the  Dutch  did  there,  146.  24. 

Swedes  right  un&ccefsfully  with  the  Confederates, 

214,  215-.    The  Swede  engages  in  a  fea-rlght  with 
the  Dane,  uy.  5-.     Raifes   the   fiege  of  Malmoe, 

215.  20. 


TAnner,  one  of  the  Officers  of  the  Rebel-Army, 
a  difcoverer  of  the  Confpiracy,  74. 13. 
Tartars    and  Turks,    their  incurfion  into   Poland, 

25-9.  22. 
Teckeli,    chofen  General  in  the  Hungarian  War, 

2S3.  7.    Calls  a  Dyet  at  Cafchaw,  ftiling  himfclf 

King,  290.3. 
TeckelP s  Conspiracy,  214.6. 
Theodofius  the  Great,  calling  out  the  Hereticks  that 

diiTented  from  the  Faith,  granted  Churches  to  the 

Nwmians  that  agreed  in  the  Faith. 
4 


T  k  i   I  M  D  i  :•: . 

2  r.tit'.  :  £:::.  .-^r.r':..   ::   :-    -:    :- 
-•:    5--.^.,r.     :.-::     ::_-.  ::.     :;::;--  -.g 

--;..     ::::.•;      :'  ~  ::-:r:::  ::.    .;.  I ;:.:.'.     ;;..  .-.-'- 

7  .  :    •     :    :      :     - 

w*km;  I 

T.  -  .   - .    :::  ;:  ::  .   : :    :    ~ 

:  :  i    i :   : : 
-/  :.    :.:-;..:*: ":;;; .   : " :    :  :     :  : :   : 

J  - .    -:    :::•;.■     ; :. : :.;  r;    ~  :;    :  ~  t  .:_.:..: :  ~.    : : 
.  ;  y..:-  .    : -.  :.:  :t.t~:    :     -.::.-■- 
-.: :  ■'  i   :  -  :"■_::.     :  "■   :  :  :  * .   :  :  *    :  :    : :    :  .—.;. 
:'i:2      ■  .':  :zz.t  iz  zrstt  :.■■  .      iz :  :.:: 

c :  :  •  .V.  ??.    ::::::      i:  ::.:::■■-::  .:  -  .- 

7-.~      r  ■.-<■*'.  zx     _::    :_ 

-— :    ::  .:..   _: :    :  : 

Tacfer,  a  Rebel,  c 

j  *-/..-  ~:-.e  i-  ir.:  _-.";-    :::  ?;..>.-     :•:    ::..: 
Befcge  r^-s  291 

u  ■.:■'■'.:.  -  •  zl-:  ■■-■  :-!'.■'.  ::' :  :_  :  . ;  f:  : 
will  MmtecwnrfL,  and  death.  :  177.  dae  /*/- 
..,<...-.   -■■:_.:    :  ..  :..~  :.--:  ::~:-..:_   ; :'  :-.  ..;- 

:_:    :: 
7*  •  -        v  "  /  -  :!-:...        ";.: :    .  " :    . 

:;  /-:>:_.  ±t  :".:'.•  :z  ; :"  :.-;  S  ■•-  .  ::.--  tz  -■ 
■<■-■■  ::.",-::  :•  J-.-.  ;  ;;.;::. :.  1 :::;.:  ::  :: 
:..:»- . ;    .    .  /.  -  ..   ; 

. :  -   i 


The  Index. 

Twine  a  Printer  hang'd  for  infamous  Libels,  and 
three  other  Printers  imprifon'd,  8 y.  19, 20. 


VAlenciennesy  a  very  ftrong  city  of  Hainault,  is 
taken  by  the  French  King,  190.5*.  191.  1. 

Valentinian,  both  the  elder  and  younger,  granted 
liberty  to  all  Sectaries,  304.21.  305*.  if. 

VaraJJi,  one  of  the  Admirals  of  the  Dutch  Fleet, 
15-4.15-. 

Venner,  a  Cooper,  at  the  head  of  a  rabble  of  forty 
Enthufiafts,  11. 17, 18. 

Vernon,  a  military  Officer  of  the  King's,  68.  if. 

Vienna  befieg'd  by  the  Turks,  and  reliev'd,  291.  7. 
to  301. 

Uniformity  (Act  of)  27. 9.  The  murmurs  of  the 
Faction  againft  it,  28.  2.  Sheldon  perfuades  to 
the  execution  of  it,  31.9.  The  Presbyterians  at- 
tempt to  repeal  it,  31.2.  The  King's  Proclama- 
tion publifh'd  to  fufpend  in  part  the  force  of  it7 
64. 6.    Arguments  againft  repealing  it,  64.  24. 

W 

WAUot  {Thomas)  an  old  Captain  at  the  head  of 
the  Confpiracy  to  kill  the  King   and   the 
Duke  of  Ormond,  when  they  returned  from  New- 
Market,  brought  to  the  gallows,  threatens  the 
King  when  he  is  dying,  77. 3. 
Wales,  infected  with  the  plague  of  Rebellion,  16. 

17- 

War  againft  the  Dutch  begun  by  the  unanimous 

confent  of  both  Houfes  of  Parliament ;  and  the 

caufes 


The  Index. 

caufes  of  that  war,  86.  i,  2,  4.  Between  the 
Dutch  and  the  Bifhop  of  Munfter,  248.  9,  10. 
The  Hungarian  war,  from  282.  9.  to  301.  The 
caufes  of  the  war  againft  France,  407.  f.  A  war 
begun  againft  France  by  the  Parliament,  but  no 
fupply  given  towards  it,  408.  24.  War  and  peace 
depend  upon  the  King  of  England  alone,  279.  j,  6. 
A  civil  war  with  the  Parliament  excited  by  the 
Factious,  and  a  difpute  rais'd  concerning  the  au- 
thority of  King  and  Parliament,  3-11. 16,22. 

Warrin,  a  Lieutenant  Colonel,  Rebel,  Member  of 
the  Irijh  Parliament,  is  hang'd,  69.17.  71.9. 

Weilks,  a  Rebel,  17.  10. 

Wilks.     See  Semjfler. 

Wells.     See  Robinfon. 

Weflcote,  a  Rebel,  95*.  f. 

Wefel  beiieg'd  by  the  French,  and  taken,  25*2. 12,20. 

Weffalini  (Count)  284. 14. 

Wtlliam  Prince  of  Orange,  furprizing  Amflerdamy 
calls  the  Heads  of  the  Fa&ion  into  Lovefte'm 
prifon,  and  dies  of  the  fmall-pox,  not  without 
fufpicion  of  poifon,  246.  3,  ton. 

Wifmar,  a  city  of  the  Duchy  of  Mecklenbnrgh, 
taken  by  the  Dane,  216.18. 

Wits  (John  De)  a  man  of  mean  birth,  the  bsfelt 
flatterer  of  Cromwell,  an  inexorable  enemy  of 
Kings,  the  only  author  and  advifer  of  all  the 
wars  between  the  Engl 'ijh  and  Dutch,t  127.21. 
128.  1.  His  anfwer  to  Borell  concerning  the 
right  of  the  flag,  15-9.  18.  The  Princefs  of  0- 
range  committed  her  fon  to  his  care,  248.  2. 
Four  young  men  confpire  to  kill  him,  25*5*.  ic. 
James  de  Graef  attempting  to  kill  him  is  be- 
headed, 


The  Index. 

headed,  i$$.  19,  20.  A  Confpiracy  againft  Cor* 
nelius  de  Wits,  iff.  if.  The  De  Witfes,  two 
brothers,  when  they  had  long  ufurp'd  almoft  the 
whole  adminiftration  of  affairs,  are  at  length 
torn  in  pieces  at  the  Hague,  25-7.3.  The  faction 
of  De  Wits  enemies  to  the  name  of  Kings,  148. 
16.    Breakers  of  Alliances,  ij&j. 

Wolga/l,  a  ftrong  town  of  Pomerania,  taken  by 
Brandenburgh,  215*.  24,  if. 

Woman  (a)  faid  to  have  brought  forth  at  her  mouth, 
at  Chicheflcr,   24.26.  25-.  I. 

Worftley  (Sir  Charles)  a  chief  man  amongft  the  fac- 
tious ;  formerly  of  CromweWs  Privy  Council, 
publishes  a  libel,  35-0.  if.  3^2. 11. 


YOrk  (Duke  of)  Lord  High  Admiral  of  Eng- 
land, fights  againft  the  Dutch,  90.16.  91.7. 
Difpleas'd  with  the  Earl  of  Shafts  bury,  320.  10. 
Is  betroth'd  to  the  Duchefs  of  Modena,  where- 
upon there  is  a  complaint  in  Parliament,  381. 19, 
20,21. 

Z 

ZEigler  of  Lcipjick,  in  his  book  againft  Milton, 
feems  jn  fome  manner  to  have  foretold  the 
fire  of  London,  120.2. 
Zealand  (the  Province  of)  always  faithful  to  the 
Prince  of  Orange,  248.  14.  Gives  the  Prince  of  0- 
range  the  principal  place  among  the  Nobility,  25-0. 1. 

FINIS. 


Printed  by  James  Bettenham.