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SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Falmouth     Hotel 
J.  J.  POOLER, 

Proprietor, 

Portland,  Maine. 

European   and   American    Plan, 


50,000  Horse  Power 

AVAILABLE    FOR    INDUSTRIES    IN     CENTRAL    MAINE 

Central  Maine  Power  Co. 

Offices  at  Augusta,   Gardiner,    Waterville,   Skowhegan, 
Pittsfield  and  Dexter. 


CONTENTS 

An  Address  Delivered  by  Honoral)le  Clarence  Hale,           -  8 

Tombstone  Inscriptions  from  Gorham,          -          -          -          -  13 

Notes  on  Colonial  Penobscot,          -          -          -          -          -  17 

Vital  Statistics,           ___ gg 

New  Maine  Books,           ----.._  g^ 

Prologue,           -------._  25 

Notes  and  Fragments,             ---___  gg 

Resolve  in  Favor  of  Abbot  Soldiers,      -        -          -          -          -  30 

Soldiers'  Graves  in  Elmwood  Cemetery,             -          -          -  31 

Historical  Societies,          -------  32 

Piscatac^uis  Centennials,        ------  32 

American  Names  of  Places  in  Maine,          -          -          -          -  33 

Brief  Notes  on  the  Early  Settlement  of  Bangor,      -          -  33 

Commodore  Samuel  Tucker,               -          -          -          -          _  35 

The  Anti-Slavery  Movement  in  Maine,            -          -          -  38 


Tlw  Old  ]5unih;un  Tavern,  Machias,  Maine,  which  was  built 
in  the  \ear  1770,  on  the  southern  bank  of  the'Machias  River,  and 
is  one  ot"  the  few  reniaininc,"  Colonial  mansions  that  have  echoed  the 
ij,-uns  of  The  American  Strui>;<i;le  for  Indei)endence, 

The  first  naval  battle  of  the  Revolution  was  fought  in  Machias 
Bay  where  Captain  Jeremiah  O'Brien  and  his  brave  crew  captured 
the  British  armed  schooner,  the  "Margaretta. "' 

In  tliis  house  the  wounded  in  battle  were  sheltered  and  cared 
for. 


^ 


John    I'Vancis    Sprague's    Books 


Pisfutaciiiis  Bioj?raphy  and  Frag- 

nu'iits.  "  Si. 00 

Sebastian  Kale,  a  Maine  Trag- 
edy of  the  IStli  Century.  $1.00 

The  North  Eastern  Boundary 
Controversy  and  the  Aroos- 
took War,  $1.23 

Aecitlental  Shootinju;  in  tlie  Game 

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Also  Piscatiuiuis  Historical  So- 
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Any  of  the  above  named  books  will  be 
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])rice. 

A.   J.    HUSTON, 

i)-2  I'lxchange  St.,         Portland,  Maine. 


S.  G.  SANFORD  &  SO^^ 
Livery  and  Sales  Stable 

Stylish  Rigs,  Horses,  CarriaggSj-^ 
Sleighs,  Harness  and  Robes. 


LARGEST  REPOSITORY 
IN     EASTERN     MAINE. 

Teams  to  and  from  all  trains. 
Summer  Street,  near  M.  C.  R.  R.  Station, 

Foxcroft,  Maine. 
Phone  92-2. 


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Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

Vol.    I  APRIL,   1913  No.    1 


An    Address    Delivered   by   the    Honorable 
Clarence  Hale' 

at  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  First  Congregational  Church 
at  Ellsworth,  Maine,  September  12,  1912. 

Mil.    Chairman,   Ladies  and  Gentlemen  of  Ellsworth  : 

It  is  a  great  honor,  and  it  is  certainly  a  very  great  pleasure, 
to  be  with  my  friends  in  Ellsworth,  and  in  this  church,  with  my 
old  friends,  my  life-long  friends,  to  help  celebrate  its  one  hundredth 
birthday. 

At  this  celebration  jour  pastor  has  asked  me  to  speak  of  the 
influence  of  Congregationalism  in  its  development  in  New  England. 
It  was  a  thoughtful  German  student  who  began  his  book  upon 
Travels  in  the  East  by  saying  that  he  had  never  been  there.  I 
fear  I  have  not  much  better  fitting  to  speak  on  this  great  subject, 
so  fitly  suggested  on  this  occasion.  It  would  be  much  more  ad- 
equately presented  by  Mr.  Mathews,  your  pastor,  who  is  well 
known  throughout  the  State  as  a  thorough  student  of  church  his- 
tory, or  by  some  other  clergyman  whose  life  has  been  spent  in 
church  studies.  I  am  glad  however  to  present  such  aspects  of  the 
subject  as  seem  clear  and  perhaps  almost  obvious  to  the  mind  of 
the  layman.  I  am  going  to  approach  the  subject  along  the  road 
which  leads  by  this  church  and  through  the  city  of  Ellsworth,  a 
city  I  have  loved  all  my  life.  Let  us  take  a  passing  look  at  the 
picture  of  the  founding  of  this  church  a  hundred  years  ago,  and  at 
the  setting  of  the  picture  in  Ellsworth,  and  in  the  State.  Ells- 
worth had  been  an  incorporated  town  only  twelve  years.  The  first 
settlers  came  here  in  1763,  when  Governor  Sullivan,  in  his  his- 
tory, says  there  were  only  about  ten  thousand  people  in  the  Maine 
district.  They  came  from  Richmond's  Island,  Biddeford,  Scarboro 
and  Falmouth,  and  made  their  homes  upon  L'^nion  River.  Melatiah 
Jordan,  one  of  the  founders  of  this  church,  came  at  that  time. 
Theodore  Jones  came  then  and  settled  upon  the  Milliken  lot,  where 
this  church  now  stands,  and  where  the  whole  of  the  village  was 

(a)     Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  District  of  Maine. 


I 

4  SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

afterwards  built.  I  have  seen  the  plan  made  by  Mr,  Deane  in  1810, 
which  shows  the  houses  and  lots.  During  the  same  3ear  there  was 
tried  at  C'astine,  the  shire  of  the  count}',  the  case  of  Jarvis  vs. 
Jones,  involving  the  title  of  what  was  afterwards  the  village  of 
Ellsworth.  Ellsworth  did  not  become  the  shire  town  of  the  county 
until  1838. 

Castine  had  represented  the  civilization  of  this  part  of  the 
country  ;  she  was  held  by  the  British  two  years  later  when  this 
church  was  established,  and  from  September,  1814,  to  April,  1815. 
The  British  had  held  it  before  from  1779  to  1783,  during  the  Rev- 
olution. Previous  to  that  time  Castine — and  in  fact  the  Avhole 
civilization  of  this  vicinity — had  been  a  French  civilization  ;  broken 
only  by  a  Puritan  settlement  at  Castine  from  16^9  to  1635. 

The  only  county  road  wdien  this  church  was  formed  had  been 
laid  out  but  a  few  years  before  from  Surrey  to  Ellsworth,  and  on 
to  Sullivan.  The  county  was  new,  Hancock  and  Washington 
Counties  were  taken  from  Lincoln  County  in  1789.  Cumberland 
and  Lincoln  ha\  ing  been  formed  in  1760,  and  taken  from  York 
County,  which  embraced  the  whole  Gorges  domain,  by  the  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  Charter.  In  1691  York  extended  over  what  is  now 
the  whole  of  the  State.  And  these  five  counties  made  up  Maine. 
This  was  the  State  that  appears  upon  the  map  in  Governor  Sulli- 
\an's  history  of  Maine,  published  in  1795. 

In  the  very  year  when  Ellsworth  was  settled,  the  treaty  of 
Paris  had  been  made,  which  closed  the  door  of  French  contention 
and  settled  forever  the  fear  of  Indian  depredations  in  the  Maine 
towns.  Let  us  look  at  what  was  happening  in  this  year  of  1812; 
Caleb  Strong  was  governor.  This  town  sent  Moses  Adams  as  its 
representative  to  the  general  court.  It  had  sent  but  one  repre- 
sentative before,  and  that  was  John  Peters,  Jr.  Only  four  more 
followed  before  Maine  became  a  State  ;  George  Herbert,  John  G. 
Deane,  Jesse  Dutton  and  Charles  Jarvis.  Maine  was  a  wilderness 
with  here  and  there  a  settlement.  There  were  no  cities,  Portland 
was  a  village,  set  off  from  Falmouth  in  1786,  and  was  not  made  a 
city  until  1832.  The  whole  country  was  in  a  state  of  melancholy, 
and  almost  of  collapse.  The  shadow  of  the  old  embargo  was  upon  it. 
Therew  as  what  Woodrow  Wilson,  in  his  history,  called  "an  un- 
looked  for  disorder  of  parties  and  a  bewildering  reversal  of  every 


AN  ADDRESS  BY  HON.   CLARENCE  HALE  5 

matter  of  policy."  He  calls  the  war  against  Great  Britain,  which 
had  just  been  declared  in  June,  "a  clumsy,  foolhardy  and  haphazard 
war;"  although  providentially  it  proved  to  be  a  supplementary  war 
of  independence,  establishing  the  union  of  the  states  and  their  com- 
plete freedom  from  Great  Britain.  I  wish  I  had  time  to  tell  the 
story  of  the  men  of  Ellsworth  of  that  day.  I  can  speak  of  only  two 
or  three:  Melatiah  Jordan  of  this  church  was  the  great-great- 
grandson  of  Rev.  Robert  Jordan,  the  first  Jordan  in  this  country; 
the  second  clergyman  of  the  church  of  England,  who  came  to  Maine 
under  Gorges.  Richard  Gibson  was  the  first,  but  he  remained  only 
two  or  three  years,  so  that  Robert  Jordan  is  the  first  clergyman 
who  made  a  distinct  career  in  Maine.  His  ancestors  were  men  of 
prominence  in  England.  He  himself  was  graduated  from  Balliol 
College,  Oxford;  ordained  at  Exeter,  and  settled  in  Spurwink  in 
1640.  He  became  one  of  the  governing  magistrates  of  Maine  un- 
der Gorges.  His  son  Dominicus  was  one  of  the  trustees  to  whom 
the  town  of  Falmouth  was  deeded  in  1684.  He  was  a  great  Indian 
fighter,  and  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  1708.  Melatiah's  father, 
Samuel,  lived  in  Biddeford;  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in 
1750;  was  selectman  of  the  town  and  representative  to  the  general 
court.  After  Melatiah  went  to  the  Union  River,  he  served  in  the 
militia  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  In  1789  he  became  the  first  col- 
lector of  customs  in  Frenchman's  Bay  district,  and  held  the  ofKce 
until  his  death  in  December,  1818.  A  Maine  historian  says  he 
was  a  magistrate,  lieutenant  colonel  of  militia,  and  for  3-ears  the 
most  prominent  man  in  his  community.  He  was  a  man  of  un- 
questioned integrity,  and  a  born  leader  of  men.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Jellerson  of  Ellsworth,  in  1776;  Salh^  his  seventh  child, 
married  Andrew  Peters.  From  Melatiah  Jordan  came  a  line  of  good 
men  and  women  who  have  helped  to  make  the  history  of  Maine, 
and  to  make  Ellsworth  memorable.  The  list  includes  two  chief 
justices  of  Maine.  I  am  indebted  to  Fritz  H.  Jordan,  a  descendant 
of  Robert  Jordan,  and  a  member  of  the  Historical  Societ}',  for 
many  historical  details,  touching  Melatiah  Jordan.  John  G.  Deane 
was  a  descendant  of  the  Pilgrims;  he  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  of  the  class  of  1806;  he  came  to  this  town  in  1810  to 
practice  law ;  he  was  the  chairman  of  the  selectmen  the  year  after 
this  church  was  formed.     His  son,  Llewellyn  Deane,  gives  a  glowing 


6  SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


})icture  of  his  fatlier,  aiul  one  of  some  of  the  Ellsworth  people  of 
that  dav.  John  G.  Deane  was  a  most  useful  citizen,  a  oood  lawyer, 
an  unusually  able  man.  He  had  the  most  knowledge  on  the  sub- 
iect  of  the  northeastern  boundar\-  of  any  man  of  his  time.  Letters 
from  Go\ernor  Washburn  and  others  show  their  appreciation  of  his 
labors  in  settling  this  great  question,  which  was  of  vital  interest  to 
Maine.  Mr.  Deane  has  also  a  very  interesting  note  from  Colonel 
John  Black.  He  savs:  "Sometime  prior  to  my  father's  settle- 
ment in  Ellsworth.  John  Black,  a  young  Englishman,  settled  there 
as  a  deput\-  agent  of  the  Bingliam  heirs,  who  owned  very  extensive 
tracts  of  land  in  Hancock  and  AVashington  Counties,  called  in  com- 
mon phrase  'The  Bingham  Purchase."  The  acquaintance  between 
these  two  young  men  ripened  into  a  strong  and  enduring  friendship, 
which  lasted,  uninterrupted,  till  my  father's  death.  'Colonel"  Black 
was  the  name  by  which  he  was  familiarly  known.  He  was  not  only 
one  of  the  best  business  men  ever  known  in  Maine,  but  he  was  finely 
educated  and  accomplished  in  the  elegant  attainments  peculiar  to 
the  higher  classes  in  the  land  of  his  birth.  He  was  a  good  drafts- 
man and  an  amateur  painter  of  no  mean  skill.  Though  not  large 
in  stature  he  was  very  noticeable  in  appearance  and  in  his  personal 
address  he  was  graceful  and  polite  and  possessed  of  most  courtly 
manners. 

"In  all  respects  he  was  a  noble  man  and  a  most  excellent 
gentleman. 

"His  management  of  the  great  trust  of  the  Bingham  estate 
was  characterized  by  the  strictest  diligence  and  fidelit}^  as  well  as 
the  most  scrupulous  honesty." 

This  town  and  this  church  ha\  e  always  held  Colonel  Black  and 
his  descendants  in  honor  and  affection.  An  interesting  account  of 
liiiH  is  found  in  the  Maine  Historical  Society  archives  in  a  volume 
of  the  Maine  Historical  Magazine.  The  magazine  contains  also  a 
fine  picture  illustrating  his  conunanding  presence  and   striking  face. 

I  should  like  to  speak  in  much  greater  detail,  and  with  more 
personal  mention,  of  the  men  who  ft)unded  Ellsworth ;  the  ancestors 
of  so  many  now  in  this  presence.  At  the  end  of  a  century,  they 
stand  out  more  clearly  and  sharply  than  e\er  in  our  imagination 
and  in  our  hearts.  1  hope  they  all  know  that  their  works  have 
lived  after  them.      I   hope  Melatiah  Jordan  and  John   Black,  and 


AN  ADDRESS  BY  HON.   CLARENCE  HALE  7 

tlie  other  noble  men  wlioni  we  commemorate,  can  look  down  over 
the  ^reat  battlements  and  see  the  <;-o{)dly  line  of  their  sons  and 
daughters,  to  the  third  and  fourth  and  fifth  generations,  as  they 
pass  across  the  little  span  of  one  hundred  years.  More  than  pass- 
ing word  ought  to  be  said  about  the  individuality  and  sterling 
qualities  of  these  early  settlers  and  their  sons.  Thev  had  that 
rarest  kind  of  wisdom  which  Dr.  Hyde  described  as  that  which 
appreciates  the  point  of  view  of  the  people  with  wliom  it  comes  in 
contact;  which  instinctively  takes  into  account  the  subtle  condi- 
tions making  up  any  social  situation.  This  people  have  always 
had  this  practical  wisdom,  this  abiding  common  sense.  These  men 
have  never  been  described  more  fittingly  than  by  an  honored 
son  of  Ellsworth,  and  of  this  church,  Mr.  Henry  Crosby  Emery. 
He  saj's : 

"This  people  treasured  their  own  ideas  and  methods  of  life, 
not  always  knowing  how  they  differed  from  those  of  the  great  world, 
and  in  no  case  caring  much.  Whether  their  standards  were  better 
or  worse  they  were  independently  arrived  at,  and  they  were  applied 
to  all  men ;  to  themselves  and  the  stranger  within  their  gate. 
Whether  rich  or  poor,  learned  or  ignorant,  famous  or  obscure,  the 
visitor  is  welcomed  on  terms  of  equality  if  he  measures  up  to  the 
local  standard  and  left  with  serene  indifference  if  he  does  not. 
And  so  it  is  among  themselves.  There  are  no  sharp  distinctions 
of  wealth,  no  large  cities,  no  gulfs  between  neighbors.  Their  chief 
sources  of  wealth  are  the  forest  and  the  sea,  those  two  grim  de- 
stroyers of  all  artificial  distinctions.  Added  to  these  characteris- 
tics is  a  rough  charity  which  while  not  always  avoiding  a  rather 
brutal  condemnation  of  what  offends,  still  grants  migrudging  credit 
to  what  is  \\()rthy,  and  judges  a  man  by  the  best  that  he  can  show 
and  not  the  worst. 

"The  men  of  the  coast,  furthermore,  possess  that  strange 
serenity  of  temper  which  comes  from  wrestling  with  the  sea.  They 
learn  early  the  lesson  that  impatience  and  fretfulness  are  of  no 
avail.  The  wind  bloweth  where  it  listeth  and  when  it  listeth,  it 
brings  the  fog  or  drives  it  away,  regardless  of  man's  purposes. 
And  so  they  learn  to  face  all  vicissitudes  of  life  with  a  serene 
fortitude  born  of  hard  experience." 

There  was  abundant  reason  why  the  men  of  this  section  should 


8  SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

be  the  kind  of  men  Mr.  Emeiy  has  pictured;  they  were  born  to  be 
remembered. 

I  have  ah'eady  told  you  whence  they  came.  They  were  the 
products  of  two  great  civilizations.  They  were  the  descendants  of 
the  British  Royalists  who,  under  Gorges,  came  to  Richmond's 
Island  in  the  last  days  of  the  Stuarts,  they  were  the  sons,  too,  of 
the  Puritans  who  a  few  years  later  came  from  Massachusetts  Bay  to 
Maine;  and  so  they  were  of  the  blood  of  the  men,  who  with 
Cromwell,  and  in  the  Revolution,  laid  the  foundation  of  England's 
representative  government. 

These  two  elements  met  and  mingled  in  Maine;  their  tj'pe 
shows  markedly  in  the  men  who  came  to  the  Union  Ri\"er.  I  shall 
s})eak  a  little  more  in  detail  of  this  mingling  of  blood  in  Maine. 

But  I  must  now  hold  to  my  Ellsworth  story  of  one  hundred 
years  ago.  This  church  was  foi'med  at  the  transition  stage  in 
church  history.  The  Unitarian  element  was  just  going  off  from 
the  Congregational  church;  Parson  Smith,  the  great  Portland 
minister  of  his  time,  had  just  died  in  1795,  after  a  ministry  of 
sixty-eight  years. 

I  speak  of  him  with  some  detail,  because  he  is  the  type  of  the 
minister  of  his  time.  Rev.  Dr.  John  Carroll  Perkins  has  given  an 
nteresting  analysis  of  his  character.  He  describes  him  as  not  re" 
markable  for  learning,  nor  of  unusual  intellectual  powers,  nor 
of  very  fine  spiritual  insight;  but  a  natural  leader.  In  the  midst 
of  his  work  in  the  church,  he  found  time  to  attend  to  business,  and 
to  acquire  an  estate ;  so  that  when  Movvatt  destroyed  the  town. 
Parson  Smith  {)reached  for  years  without  salary.  He  kept  up  his 
association  with  Boston,  and  with  Harvard,  going  back  and  forth 
by  sloop  or  on  horseback  several  times  a  year. 

Let  us  look  for  a  moment  into  his  meeting  house.  No  clergy- 
man then  read  the  scriptures  in  the  meeting  house  except  for 
exegesis. 

The  clergyman  could  read  passages  of  the  scripture  and 
comment  upon  them  ;  but  he  could  not  read  them  as  a  part  of  the 
service. 

Such  reading  was  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  liturgy,  and  as 
saxoring    of   I^piscopacy.      The    Congregational    service    consisting 


AN  ADDRESS  BY  HON.   CLARENCE  HALE  9 

principally  of  the  prayer  and   the  sermon  was  not   there})y  unduly 
cut  short. 

Often  in  Parson  Smith's  diary  we  find  this  comment  after 
morning  service:  "A  very  full  meeting,  I  was  much  enlarged  and 
had  most  extraordinary  assistance;  was  an  hour  and  a  half  in 
prayer. ' ' 

The  beginning  of  Parson  Smith's  ministry  takes  us  far  back 
into  Colonial  times,  and  to  the  ministry  of  Increase  Mather  of 
Boston,  who,  says  Rev.  Dr.  Perkins,  was  the  supreme  example  of 
the  pastor  of  the  age  before  Parson  Smith.  He  guided  the  relig- 
ious administration  of  New  England.  He  was  president  of  Harvard 
College  for  fifteen  years  after  168-5.  These  two  great  ministries, 
that  of  Increase  Mather  and  that  of  Parson  Smith,  bring  us 
down  to  the  transition  age  at  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth 
century. 

Edward  Payson  was  settled  over  the  Second  Parish  church  in 
Portland  in  1807;  Unitarianism  was  just  arriving  in  Maine.  In 
1808,  Rev.  John  Codman  was  called  to  Boston  to  preach  as  an  as- 
sociate pastor  to  Dr.  Deane  at  the  Eirst  Parish ;  but  Dr.  Codman 
proved  to  be  of  the  Calvinistic  school,  as  Dr.  Payson  was.  By  this 
time  the  Congregational  church  in  Portland  had  become  ripe  for 
division.  Although  called  by  the  church  Dr.  Codman  was  voted 
down  by  the  parish;  and  Mr.  Nichols  was  called.  In  speaking  of 
this  era  of  Unitarianism,  John  A.  Goodwin,  a  student  of  church 
history,  has  said: 

"Near  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  century,  the  intense  Cal- 
vinism of  the  standing  order  of  churches  was  repulsive  to  many 
Massachusetts  people  including  not  a  few  of  the  clergy.  Had  the 
Congregationalism  of  today  ruled  at  that  time,  no  great  division 
would  then  have  taken  place;  and  so  two  centuries  earlier,  if  the 
Church  of  England  had  been  what  she  now  is,  the  great  Puritan 
uprising  would  not  have  occurred.""' 

But  the  obvious  suggestion  is  that  this  is  trying  to  write  his- 
tory over  again,  what  no  man  has  been  able  to  do. 

The  going  off  of  the  Unitarians  was  followed  by  a  reaction. 
There  was  what  was  called  a  "great  re-awakening"  under  Dr. 
Payson, 

The  times  of  Whitefield  were  revived.      While  Parson  Smith 


10         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

had  been  a  c'()nservati\  e  Trinitarian,  mild  in  his  reho'ious  notions, 
Edwai'd  Tayson  was  the  religious  progressive  of  his  time.  Willis 
savs  of  him  :  "He  at  once  showed  the  elements  of  a  powerful  and 
persuasive  minister.  His  society  and  church  became  by  far  the 
largest  in  the  State,  and  himself  the  most  popular  preacher  of  his 
time.** 

The  memory  of  his  sermons  still  remain  in  Portland  as  a  his- 
tory ami  a  tradition.  His  pictures  of  the  doom  of  the  sinner  were 
such  that  whole  congregations  went  weeping   from  the  church. 

When  you  read  his  sermons  today  you  can  see  his  great  power; 
but  the  sermons  were  not  of  the  kind  that  are  now  preached  in 
Congregational  churches.  In  the  volume  t)f  his  published  sermons, 
some  of  the  leading  titles  ai"e : — "'The  Terrible  Doom  of  the  Sin- 
ner,'* "'The  Extreme  Difficulty  of  Escaping  the  Damnation  of 
Hell."  At  the  beginning  of  his  ministi'v,  he  was  an  assistant  to 
Dr.  Elijah  Kellogg  of  the  second  Parish.  In  his  history  of  Port- 
land, Willis  records  the  fact  that  Dr.  Kellogg  preached  in  the 
morning,  and  Dr.  Payson  preached  in  the  afternoon;  and  Willis 
makes  this  foot  note:  *'One  of  the  converts,  a  man  of  some  dis- 
tinction, observed:  'Dr.  Kellogg  gets  the  sinner  down  in  the 
morning,  and  in  the  afternoon  Dr.  Payson  comes  and  jumps  on 
him.'  " 

Dr.  Payson  was  the  great  preacher  of  Maine  when  this  Ells- 
worth church  was  formed.  He  continued  to  preach  until  his  death 
in  1827. 

I  do  not  know  where  there  can  be  found  a  better  type  of  the 
minister  of  this  generation  which  succeeded  Dr.  Pajson,  than  in  the 
life  of  the  l{ev.  Dr.  Tenney,  for  so  long  a  time  the  beloved  pastor  of 
this  church.  His  forty  years  with  this  people  is  enough  to  dignif}^ 
and  almost  glorify  the  church  at  Ellsworth.  He  was  a  fitting 
successor  of  the  Pilgrim  and  of  the  Puritan.  He  was  the  lixing 
type  of  what  the  Congregationalist  minister  should  be.  He  had  the 
best  qualities  that  characterized  Parson  Smith.  He  had  all  the 
kindliness  and  helpfulness  that  made  for  righteousness,  for  the  good 
of  his  people.  Few  clergymen  had  so  long  a  career  as  Dr.  Tenney ; 
vei-y  few  could  do  the  good  he  did.  Rut  the  Congregational 
churches  of  that  generation  were  fortunate  in  ha\ing  some  of 
that  type;   men    who    projected    the   Congregationalism   of    Massa- 


AN  ADDRESS  BY  HON.   CLARENCE  HALE  11 

chusetts  Bay  into  Maine,  and  down  to  the  present  time;  men  who 
foHowed  tlie  growth  and  the  needs  of  the  people  of  their  dav  and 
generation.  We  have  taken  a  passing  glance  at  four  great  Congre- 
gational ministers:  Di-.  Tenney,  Dr.  Payson,  Parson  Smith  and 
Increase  Mather.  They  may  be  taken  each  as  the  type  of  his  time. 
Their  service  in  the  Congregational  church  as  I  have  just  stated  it 
reversely  in  the  order  of  time,  brings  us  back  to  the  earliest  Colon- 
ial times  when  New  England  life  began,  and  I  do  not  know  how 
I  can  better  illustrate  the  Congregationalism  of  three  hundred 
years  ago  than  by  these  four  great  lives. 

History  cannot  arbitrarily  di\  ide  itself.  John  Eisk  has  made 
this  most  interesting  comment  upon  our  history:  "That  while 
New  England  is  sometimes  spoken  of  as  a  new  country ;  its  history 
is  in  fact,  the  story  of  an  old  country.  Our  towns  have  a  history 
that  takes  us  back  to  the  time  of  James  I." 

As  I  have  just  now  suggested,  the  first  pictui-e  of  Maine  life  is 
not  the  Puritan  picture;  it  presents  the  history  of  men  of  the 
world.  Royalists;  members  of  the  English  Church  ;  men  who  hated 
the  Mayflower  Pilgrims,  and  repudiated  the  Puritan  exodus  ten 
3'ears  later  to  IVIassachusetts  Bay.  The  founder  of  Maine,  Eerdi- 
nando  Gorges,  was  an  English  churchman.  The  grant  to  him  of 
the  lands  of  Maine  was  intended  as  a  protest  against  Puritanism. 
The  King  enjoined  upon  him  little  else  than  the  establishment  of 
an  Episcopal  religion  within  his  pro\ince.  Men  whom  Gorges 
sent  in  1639  to  Richmond's  Island,  and  to  the  remote  wilderness 
"bounded  on  the  westward  by  Piscataway  Harbor"  formed  the  first 
government  of  Maine.  We  have  already  seen  that  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  years  later  the  descendants  of  these  men  came  to 
the  Union  River;  but  long  before  Melatiah  Jordan  and  the  others 
came  here,  the  Stuart  regime  in  Maine  had  given  wa}'  to  a  Puritan 
civilization.  About  the  time  the  protectorate  of  Cromwell  ceased 
the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony  bought  out  the  Gorges  interest 
from  his  heirs,  paying  £1250;  and  in  1692  the  Province  Charter 
fixed  the  status  of  Massachusetts  in  its  control  of  the  District  of 
Maine. 

Immediately  after  this,  there  came  from  Massachusetts  an  in- 
fusion of  Puritans  and  Congregationalists.  They  were  of  the  best 
people  of  England.      They  had  come  over    from   Dorset,  Lincoln- 


V2         SPKAGUES  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

shiiv  ami  Devon  between  1630  and  1650.  The}'  had  left  their 
homes  at  a  time  when  Puritanism  had  become  powerful.  They 
never  suffered  persecution ;  they  belonged  to  the  higher  classes  of 
societv.  The  men  who  came  to  Maine  from  Massachusetts  Bay 
were  of  tlu-  best  people  of  England.  They  were  men  who  repre- 
sented English  Congregationalism.  These  two  strains  of  blood, 
then,  entered  into  Maine  life;  the  blood  of  the  Royalists  under 
Gorges,  the  best  element  of  the  English  church,  and  the  infusion 
from  Massachusetts  Bay,  the  best  type  of  Puritan  life.  As  I  have 
shown,  these  two  elements  came  to  Ellsworth  and  to  this  church. 

The  Puritans  and  Congregationalists  of  the  Massachusetts 
Bay  colony  were  men  who  had  sej)arated  from  the  English  church 
because  they  insisted  on  the  right  of  individual  choice  in  the  matter 
of  religion.  The}'  did  not  believe  in  the  church  dictating  the  kind 
of  religion  that  the  individual  should  have.  In  Scotland,  too,  the 
Puritan  had  separated  from  the  Presbyterian  organization  because 
the  Presbytery  had  prescribed  for  him  the  ceremonies  and  discipline 
which  he  should  have  as  an  individual.  In  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
the  Separatists  were  few,  and  were  easily  dri\en  out  by  the  State; 
but  under  the  Stuarts  they  multiplied.  We  must  remember  that 
then  religion  was  politics,  and  politics  was  religion.  The  leading 
difference  in  results  between  the  two  rival  religious  systems  was  that 
the  Catholics  had  burned  heretics,  while  Elizabeth  hung  the  pro- 
gressives who  progressed  beyond  the  well  established  Protestant 
pale.  The  world  then  knew  of  conversions  to  Christianity  only  as 
political  conversions.  Heiny  \'III  converted  his  people  to  Prot- 
estanlism  (m  iiuts.sc;  just  as  Hem-y  IV  had  coAerted  his  people  to 
Catholicism  in  France;  and  just  as  every  Christian  monarch  had  done 
before  them.  The  whole  theory  of  religion  in  the  world  up  to  that 
time  was  religion  as  a  part  of  the  State ;  it  was  from  this  that  the 
Separatists  sei)arated.  It  was  on  the  idea  of  individual  independ- 
ence. This  was  the  teaching  of  the  Puritan.  This  was  the  teach- 
ing of  ilie  Englisli  Congregationalist ;  his  work  of  religious  inde- 
pendence ])roceeded  in  e({ual  lines  in  America  under  the  Puritans, 
and  under  Cromwell   in  England. 

They  were  the  bi-ethren  of  Cromwell  who  fled  to  Holland  for 
freedom  and  crossed  the  sea  to  lay  the  foundation  of  American 
ci\i]ization. 


TOMBSTONE  INSCRIPTIONS  FROM  GORHAM        13 

It  was  the  same  work  of  English  speaking  people  in  two  lands. 
The  Colonists  who  came  to  Cape  Cod  held  themselves  not  to  be  sin- 
gle fugitives,  but  a  body  politic ;  and  they  brought  out  this  idea 
clearly  in  the  instrument  subscril)ed  at  Cape  Cod  in  1620.  They 
regarded  the  State  as  an  oi'dinance  of  God ;  the  State  was  to  unfold 
itself  within  the  church.  And  so  afterwards  it  was  resolved  in  the 
general  court  at  Boston  by  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony  that  for 
the  future  "No  one  shall  be  admitted  to  the  freedom  of  its  body 
politic,  unless  he  be  a  member  of  the  same  church  within  the  limits 
of  the  same. '  * 

The  recent  compendium  of  religion  quotes  from  a  church  his- 
tory of  almost  two  hundred  years  ago.  I  cite  the  whole  passage 
because  it  illustrates  that  when  I  am  talking  about  the  Puritans, 
I  am  talking  about  Congregationalists  ;  and  that  when  I  am  talking 
about  what  Puritanism  has  done,  I  am  speaking  certainly  in  the 
broad  sense  of  what  Congregationalism  has  done. 

And  so,  as  I  have  said,  the  Puritan  church  was  a  Congrega- 
tional church.  It  was  the  State  church.  It  took  generations  to 
dissolve  it  from  the  State ;  and  to  separate  the  two  notions. 


Tombstone  Inscriptions  From  Gorham 

Collected  and  Contributed  by   Edgar  Crosby  Smith 

Among  the  many  interesting  and  historical  old  burying 
grounds  scattered  through  the  older  towns  of  Maine,  "The  Old 
Yard"  at  Gorham  is  prominent. 

This  cemetery  is  situated  on  South  Street  in  Gorham  Village, 
and  was  donated  to  the  town  in  1770  b}'  Jacob  Hamblen.  It  was 
originally  a  part  of  lot  16,  his  homestead  farm. 

The  following  are  copied  inscriptions  from  some  of  the  tomb- 
stones and  monuments  : 


14.         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


In  Memory  of 

Hon.  David  Harding 

Born  in  Wellfleet,  Mass. 

March  14,  1762 

Died  in  Gorham 

January  10,  1831. 

He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Gorham  Academy, 
and  for  many  years 
represented  the  Town 
in  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts,  enjoying  the 
confidence  and  respect 
of  all  who  knew  him 

Temperance  Harding 

wife  of 

Hon.  David  Harding 

Born  in  Barnstable,  Mass. 

November  11,  1760 

Died  in  Gorham 

Aug.  29,  1810 

They  were  descended 
from  the  Pilgrim  Fathers 
of  the  May  Flower 

^       *       ^       :i<       H« 

In  memor}'  of  the 
Hon.  William  Gorham 
Esq.  Obt.  July  22,  1804 
Mi  61 
Beloved  in  life  as  a  man  of 
strict  integrity 
warm  &  generous  benevolence, 
8c  unshaken  friendship  : 
as  a  Magistrate, 
inflexibly  just : 
as  a  husband  Si.  parent, 
tender  Sc  affectionate : 
as  a  christian, 
meek  &  lowly. 

*       *       sN 


TOMBSTONE  INSCRIPTIONS  FROM  GORHAM        15 


Mrs. 

Temperance  Gorham 

the  virtuous  consort 

of  the  Hon  William 

Gorham  Esq. 

was  interd  here 

April  14,  1788. 

.Et  43. 


Sacred 
to  the  memory  of 

The  Hon. 
Stephen  Longfellow 

who  was  born 

August  13,  1750 

and  died 

May  28,  1824 

As  a  man,  a  christian  and  a  judge,  he 
was  highly  respected  for  his  intelligence, 
integrity  and  independence. 

*  *      * 

Sacred 

to  the  memory  of 

Mrs.  Patience  Longfellow 

wife  of  the 

Hon.  Stephen  Longfellow 

She  was  born  December  5,  1745 

and  died  August  12,  1830 

Blessed  are  the  dead  that  die  in  the  Lord 

*  *     * 

(Note.     The  two  foregoing  were  grandparents  of  the  poet  Longfellow.) 

Sacred 

to  the  memory  of 

Col.  Samuel  Longfellow 

who  was  born  July  30,  1789 

and  died  October  18,  1818 

"Our  hearts  are  fastened  to  this  world 
By  strong  and  numerous  ties : 
But  every  sorrow  cuts  a  string, 
And  urges  us  to  rise" 

*  *      * 


16         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


In  memory  of 

Dr.  Nathaniel  Bowman 

Who  was  Killed 

on  the  18th  da}^  of  Jmie  A.  D.  1797, 

by  the  falling  of  the  Meeting  House 

of  the  1st  Parish  in  Gorhani. 

M  30  yrs. 

*      *      * 

In 

memory  of 

Edmund  Phinney 

who  was  a 

Col.  in  the  revolutionary  war 

died 

Dec.  15,  1815 

Mi  85 

I  know  that  my  Redeemer  liveth 

^      ^      ^ 

Reader, 
this  marble  speaks  no  common  loss, 
it  guards  the  remains  of  one,  whose 
da}'  closed  in  its  dawning. 
Sylvester,  son  of  Soloman  and 
Joanna  Reynolds,  of  Southport,  Tioga 
Co.  N.  Y.^Ob.  Sept  4,  1826,  Mi  29. 

By  foreign  hands  thy  dying  eyes  were  clos'd 
By  foreign  hands  thy  decent  limbs  compos'd 
}]y  foreign  hands  thy  humble  grave  adorn'd 
By  strangers  honored,  and  by  strangers  mourn'd 


(Note.  Reynolds  was  a  clown  w  ith  a  circus  M'hich  was  exhibiting  at  Gor- 
hani in  1896,  at  the  time  of  the  accident  Mhich  caused  his  death.  He  was 
performing  a  buriesciue  trapeze  act,  and  fell,  receiving  injuries  from  M'hich  he 
died  four  days  later.  The  circus  sent  back  a  delegation  to  attend  the  funeral 
and  burial,  and  a  subscription  was  taken  among  the  members  of  the  troupe  to 
defray  the  expenses  and  erect  this  tablet. 

He  was  a  young  man,  well  known  and  esteemed  in  his  profession  and  his 
tragic  death  was  the  cause  of  circust's  cutting  Gorham  off  their  routes  for  about 
thirty  years.  The  memory  of  Reynolds  is  still  kej)t  green  among  the  people  of 
the  sawdust  ring,  and  today  a  circus  rarely  visits  Portland  that  does  not  send  a 
delegation  to  Gorham  to  decorate  the  grave,  and  at  times  quite  an  extended 
memorial  service  has  been  held  at  the  cemetery.) 

*       *       * 


NOTES  ON  COLONIAL  PENOBSCOT        IT 


Here  lies 
Neptune  Stephenson 

a  pious  man, 
died  Au(,^  9,  l8i24 

Mt  44 

(Note.  He  was  a  freed  slave  who  settled  in  Gorham  after  the  emancipation 
of  the  Massachusetts  slaves.) 

*       *       * 

I  subjoin  the  following  inscription  taken  from  the  "New 
Yard,"  now  called  the  Eastern  Cemetery,  situated  on  Main  Street, 
in  Gorham  Village. 

Prince 
A  slave,  whom  the  first 
William  McLellan 
of  Gorham 
bought  in  Portland,  Me. 
and  paid  for  in  Shooks. 
Prince  drove  the  team  to 
draw  them.      He  ran  away 
and  enlisted  on  Capt. 
Manley's  Privateer 
and  was  discharged  in  Boston, 
came  back,  was  freed,  given 
1 0  acres  of  land,  and  a  pension. 
Died  1829,  over  100  y's  old. 

His  Wives 
Dinah  Chloe 

died  died 

1800  1827 

(Note.  This  calls  to  mind  the  almost  forgotten  fact  that  slavery  at  one  time 
existed  in  the  State  of  Maine.  Prince's  grave  must  have  been  one  of  the  very 
first  in  the  yard,  as  the  land  was  not  used  for  cemetery  purposes  imtil  about  the 
time  of  his  death.) 


Notes  on  Colonial  Penobscot 

The  Penobscot,  or  eastern  section  of  Maine  was,  as  it  is  well 
understood,  one  of  the  first  portions  of  the  new  world  visited  by  the 
early  English  explorers. 

It  went    by  various  names,   among  them  being    Agoucy  and 


18         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Norumbeo-ue,  which  latter  name  has  in  recent  times  been  changed 
to  Norombega. 

The  arm  of  the  sea  which  runs  up  to  the  town  of  Penobscot 
between  Brooksville  and  Castine,  and  which  divided  ancient  Penta- 
goet  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  and  which  is  now  known  by  the 
name  of  Bagaduce  River,  was  formerly  known  as  Matchebignatus. 

The  origin  of  this  name  is  somewhat  in  doubt  although  it  was 
undoubtedh'  an  Indian  word.  In  1760  it  was  called  Baggadoose  ; 
during  the  Revolution,  ^Vlaja-bagaduce.  Williamson  asserts  that  it 
was  named  for  a  French  officer,  Major  Bigayduce,  but  subsequently 
says  that  it  might  have  been  derived  from  Marchebagaduce,  which 
he  considers  an  Indian  word  meaning  "No  good  cove.'" 

A  tradition  once  existed  among  the  Penobscot  tribe  that  the 
upsetting  of  a  canoe  full  of  Indians  at  some  remote  period  caused 
great  sorrow  and  distress  and  hence  the  word  has  been  thought  by 
some  to  signify  a  place  of  sorrow.  '^ 


November  20,  1700,  John  Crowne  by  petition  and  memorial,  ^ 
to  the  "Lords  and  Commissioners  for  Trade  and  Plantations"'  of 
England  claimed  to  own  tlie  entire  Penobscot  Countr}'  described  in 
his  petition  as  follows:  "That  your  petitioner  is  rightfull  Proprie- 
tor of  Penobscot,  and  other  lands  in  America  lying  westward  of  Nova 
Scotia ;  from  the  river  Machias  on  the  East  to  the  river  Musconcus 
on  the  West  bordering  on  the  Pemaquid. ' ' 

He  claimed  title  by  inheritance  as  the  eldest  son  of  William 
Crowne,  then  deceased.  This  memorial  is  a  Aaluable  historical 
document  and  recites  much  of  the  controversy  regarding  various 
contentions  about  these  titles  between  the  French  Governor, 
D'Aulney,  Sir  Charles  La  Tour  and  others  to  the  Penobscot  region. 
La  Tour,  by  a  deed  dated  September  20,  1656,  conveyed  his  Penob- 
scot title  to  Thomas  Temple  and  William  Crowne  who  left  England 
and  went  to  the  Penobscot  and  took  possession  of  their  estate. 

Not  long  after  their  arrival  Temple  and  Crowne  divided  their 
property  by  deed  dated  Septeml)er  12,  1657;  Temple  taking  the 
Nova  Scotia  lands  and  Crowne  the  Penobscot  lands. 

(a)  Whcfler's  History  of  Castine,  p.  15. 

(b)  Documentary  History  of  Maine,  (Baxter's  Mss.)  Vol.  10,  page  7-t. 


NOTES  ON  COLONIAL  PENOBSCOT  19 

Then  the  memorial  recites  that  "the  said  William  Crowne 
tooke  possession  of  Penobscot,  dwelt  in  it  and  built  a  considerable 
trading  house  some  leagues  up  the  river,  at  a  place  anciently  called 
the  Negue ;  but  by  himself,  Crowne's  point," 

In  1662,  Temple  and  Crowne  both  returned  to  England  and 
"had  a  hearing  before  King  Charles,  the  Second,  and  the  Lords  and 
others  of  his  Majesty es  most  honoi'able  Privy  Councell  then  in  be- 
ing." And  it  is  averred  that  the  result  of  this  hearing  was  that 
their  titles  were  adjudged  to  be  \aYid  and  that  they  were  "per- 
mitted to  return  and  repossess'em,  which  the}'  did." 

Thomas  Temple  was  created  by  the  king  a  baronet  of  Nova 
Scotia  and  commissioned  to  be  governor.  Then  follows  this  alle- 
gation:  "Sir  Thomas  Temple,  being  once  more  governor, 
oppress'd  the  said  William  Crowne  ;  and  forc'd  from  him  a  lease,  of 
Penobscot,  and  all  the  lands  belonging  to  it ;  for  a  rent  far  short  of 
the  value ;  and  two  considerable  rich  New  England  merchants, 
were  bound  for  the  payment  of  ye  I'ent  and  for  very  good  reason, 
for  they  farm'd,  all  the  said  lands  of  Sr.  Thomas  Temple;  but 
neither  they  nor  Sr.  Thomas  paved  the  said  William  Crowne  a 
farthing  rent. " 

It  is  not  stated  how  or  by  what  means  Sir  Thomas  "oppress'd 
the  said  William  Crowne,"  but  he  brought  a  legal  action  of  some 
sort  against  Temple  as  appears  by  the  following : 

"Then  the  said  William  Crowne  sued'em  before  the  Govern- 
ours  of  New  England,  but  the  Governours,  and  merchants  being  all 
brethren  of  one  Independent  congregation  in  Boston  in  New  Eng- 
land, ye  Governours  protected  their  brethern  in  their  dishonesty; 
and  pretending  the  dispute  was,  about  a  title  of  lands,  which  lay 
out  of  their  jurisdiction,  they  refus'd  to  give  ye  said  William 
Crowne  judgement,  upon  a  bond  made  by  their  owne  brethren,  in 
their  owne  towne  of  Boston,  nay  they  rejected  a  verdict  given  by 
one  of  their  owne  juryes,  at  the  tryall,  in  behalfe  of  the  said  Wil- 
liam Crowne  ;  By  vertue  of  the  aforesaid  partiall  and  corrupt  judge- 
ment ;  Sr.  Thomas  Temple,  and  the  said  merchants,  enjoy'd  the 
said  William  Crowne  estate,  and  payd  him  nothing  for  it." 

This  state  of  affairs  existed  until  1668  when  King  Charles 
ceded  Nova  Scotia  to  the  French,  and  "sent  a  commissioner  under 
the  great  scale,  to  Sir  Thomas  Temple  to  deliver  it. "     Then  it  says : 


20         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


"Sr.  Thomas  being  at  that  time,  in  possession  of  Penobscot,  and 
all  the  lands  belonging  to  it,  by  vertue  of  the  aforesaid  lease,  pre- 
sum'd  to  deliver'em  all  to  the  French,  pretending  they  were  a  part 
of  Nova  Scotia;  which  he  knew  to  be  false,  but  they  were  the  estate 
of  the  said  William  Crowne.  Therefore  to  impoverish,  and  totally 
disable  the  said  William  Crowne,  from  following  him  to  England, 
and  sueing  him  there,  for  the  many  hundred  pounds  he  owed  him, 
for  non-payment  of  rent,  he  gave  up  Penobscot,  and  all  the  lands 
belonging  to  it,  to  the  French  ;  for  which,  when  he  came  to  Eng- 
land, King  Charles  sent  him  to  ye  Tower." 

This  memorial  had  hardly  been  penned  before  the  war  of  the 
Spanish  Succession,  or  as  American  history  calls  it,  "Queen  Anne's 
War,*'  was  raging  which  lasted  until  1713,  when  it  terminated  by 
the  treaty  of  Utrecht  (1713)  which  resulted  in  the  cession  of  all  of 
ancient  Acadia  by  the  French  government  to  Great  Britain.  This 
included  all  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  and  as  the  English 
contended,  all  of  the  French  possessions  in  Maine  as  well.  This 
latter  claim  was,  however,  denied  by  the  French  and  continued  a 
matter  of  dispute  between  the  two  governments  until  AVolfe  settled 
it  all  by  capturing  Quebec. 


Jeremiah  Dummer,  "  the  agent  in  England  for  the  Massachu- 
setts Bay  Colony,  advocated  to  the  lioard  of  Trade  the  propriety 
of  colonizing  disbanded  soldiers  on  some  of  the  lands  "Eastward  of 
the  Kennebec  River."'  One  of  his  letters  urging  this,  addressed  to 
"Mr.  Secretary  Addington,"  is  dated  at  Whitehall,  April  5, 
1715.  Several  other  letters  and  memorials  were  addressed  by  him 
to  the  Board  at  different  times  of  the  same  import. 

As  all  know,  the  claim  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony  to  anything 
east  of  the  Kennebec  was  not  sustained  by  the  English  govern- 
ment. 

The  various  memorials,  petitions,  letters  and  other  documents 
pertaining  to  the  subject  are  not  only  of  historical  value  but  some 
of  them  are  entertaining  as  well. 

On  June  6,  1717,  Thomas  Coram  contributed  to  the  conten- 
tion a  memorial  in  answer  to  the  statements  of  Dummer,  in  which 

(a)     Documentary  History  of  Maine,  (Baxter's  Mss. )  Vol.  9,  p.  357. 


NOTES  ON  COLONIAL  PENOBSCOT        21 

he  had  said  that  "near  a  third  part  of  the  said  lands,  viz:  the 
tract  lying  between  Penobscot  and  Kennebec  was  more  than  sixty 
years  since  purchased  Bona  Fide  of  the  Indian  Natives  by  Numbers 
of  English  People,  with  the  consent  of  the  Kings,  Governors  and 
Government  from  time  to  time  &  confirmed  by  grants  from  the 
Council  of  Plymouth. " 

"To  which  the  underwritten  Thomas  Coram  most  humbly 
begs  leave  to  make  the  following  observation. 

"The  inhabitants  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England 
by  their  Charter  from  King  Charles  the  first  being  limited  to  a 
Tract  of  land  between  Merrimack  &  Charles  Rivers  &  three  Miles 
each  Side  above  one  hundred  miles  distant  from  the  nearest  part  of 
the  land  now  in  (Question,  without  permission  from  the  Crown  to 
settle  in  any  other  part  of  his  Majtys  Land  or  the  Lands  of  the 
Indians. 

"It  appears  that  to  confirm  any  Settlement  of  Purchase  made 
of  Lands  from  the  Indians,  it  was  necessary  to  have  his  Majtys 
Authority,  Nevertheless  the  New  Englanders  as  well  as  others, 
Traders  &  fishermen  tempted  by  the  Conveniencys  of  the  said  Land 
to  settle  themselves  thereon  in  the  time  of  the  unnatural  Rebellion 
in  Great  Britain,  when  the  King  had  no  Govr  there,  practisd  so 
with  the  Indian  Natives  of  the  Land  now  propos'd  to  be  settled, 
that  debauching  them  with  strong  Liquors  they  drew  in  the  Indians 
to  execute  Deeds  for  large  Quantities  of  Land,  whether  their  own 
or  his  Majtys,  without  any  valuable  consideration  for  the  same, 
knowing  nothing  of  the  Intents  of  those  Writings.  But  when  the 
Indians  became  sensible  of  the  Deceit  put  upon  them,  they  were  so 
exasperated,  that  waging  War  with  the  New  England  Men,  they 
destroy'd  with  fire  &  Sword,  the  Purchasers  &  their  families  by  wch 
not  only  the  said  Land  was  laid  desolate,  as  it  remains  to  this  da}', 
but  many  other  Towns  &  Villages  near  it  in  New  England  have 
been  laid  waste,  in  revenge  of  the  Deceit  put  upon  them  by  those 
pretended  Purchasers  from  time  to  time,  who  in  truth  cou'd  not 
know  whether  the  Persons  signing  their  Deeds  were  the  Possessors, 
or  had  the  powers  to  dispose  of  those  Lands." 


22        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Vital  Statistics 

From  tlie  Earl}^  Records  of  the  Town  of  Monson,  Maine 
Copy  of  Original  Records 

Births  and  deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famely  of 
Soloniom  Cushman  and  Harriet  his  wife,  who  were  married  in  the 
town  of  Rumford,  County  of  Oxford,  State  of  Maine,  by  Rev. 
Daniel  Gould  July  4th,  1821.  Solomom  Cushman,  born  June 
22d,  1796.  Harriet  Adams,  his  wife,  born  August  30th,  1800. 
Mary  Ann  Cushman,  born  in  Hebron,  May  5th,  1823.  Samuel 
]3orr  Cushman,  born  in  Hebron,  February  10th,  1825.  Solomon 
Francis  Cushman,  liorn  November  18th,  1826.  Charles  Adams 
Cushman,  born  May  21st,  A.    D.   1829. 

Bearths  and  deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famely  of 
Chauncey  S.  Colton,  and  Emily  H.  Colton,  his  wife.  Chauncey  S. 
Colton,  born  Sept.  21st,  1800  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania, 
County  of  Luzerne,  town  of  Springfield.  Emih'  H.  McClanathan, 
wife  of  Chauncey  S.  Colton,  born  May  19th,  1807,  in  the  State  of 
Mass.  County  of  Worster,  Town  of  Hubbardstown.  Harriet  S. 
Colton,  born  November  13,  1826,  in  State  of  Maine,  county  of 
Somerset,  Town  of  Monson.  Sarah  M.  Colton,  born  August  27, 
1828,  in  County  of  Somerset,  State  of  Maine,  Town  of  Monson. 

Bearths  and  Deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  family  of  An- 
drew Cushman  and  Anna,  his  wife,  who  were  married  in  Hebron 
in  the  County  of  Oxford  by  V.  Stowell,  Esq.,  March  18th.  1804. 
Bearths.  Andrew  Cushman,  born  in  Plympton,  Mass.  August  23, 
1773.  Anna  Nelson,  wife  of  Andrew  Cushman,  born  in  Parris, 
July  27,  1786.  Harriet  Cushman,  born  in  Falmouth,  Feb.  6th, 
1805.  Alexander  Cushman,  born  in  Falmouth,  April  27th,  1807. 
Clement  Cushman,  born  in  Hebron  August  15th,  1809.  Nelson 
Cushman,  born  in  Hebron,  November  1st,  1811.  Susan  Cushman, 
born  in  Hebron,  May  25th,  1814.  Andrew  Cushman,  born  in 
Hebron,  Nov.  12th,  1816.  Ann  Cushman,  born  in  Hebron,  July 
20th,    1819.      Charles  Cushman,    born  in  Monson,    Me,   Mav  7th, 


VITAL  STATISTICS  23 


1823.      Erastus  Cushinan,   bom  in    Monson,    Me,   January    lOtli, 
1827. 

Dearths  and  deaths  which  happened  in  the  family  of  ])ea. 
Abel  Goodell,  and  Betsey  Newell,  his  wife,  who  were  married  at 
Wilberryham,  Massachusetts,  April  19th,  1808,  by  the  Rev.  E/ra 
Witter.  Dearths.  Abel  Goodel.  Betsey  Goodell,  wife  ot  Abel 
Goodell.  Children.  A^"arren  Newell  Goodel  was  born  at  Monson, 
^Massachusetts,  Feby.  2-ith,  1809.  Betsey  Goodel  was  born  Jany 
27th,  1811.  Marilla  Goodell  was  born  February  24th,  1813. 
Abel  Edward  Goodell  was  born  April  21st,  1815.  Nancy  EmeJine 
Goodell  was  born  April  16th,  1818.  Olive  Frances  Goodell  was 
born  at  Harmony  (Me)  October  5th,  1821.  Lucinda  Newell 
Goodell  was  born  at  Monson,  Maine,  October,  20th,  1824. 
Caroline  Maria  Goodell  was  born  Jany  '30th,  1827. 

Bearths  and  Deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famelv  of 
Austin  Newell  and  Mary,  his  wife,  who  were  married  in  January 
the  21st,  1822.  Ikarths.  Austin  Newell  was  born  in  the  Town 
of  Monson,  Massachusetts,  October  17th,  1799.  Mary  Newell, 
wife  of  Austin  Newell,  was  born  in  Mass.  in  the  month  of  October 
SOth,  1799.  Mary  Frances  Newell  was  born  in  Monson  (Me) 
April  19th,  1823.  AVilliam  Emerson  Newell  was  born  February 
13th,  1825.      Martha  Burt  Newell  was  born  Nov.  5th,  1826. 

Bearths  and  Deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famely  of 
Joseph  Barrett  and  Bethiah,  his  wife.  Bearths.  Joseph  Barrett, 
born  May  10th,  A.  D.  1779.  Bethiah  Rowe,  wife  of  Joseph 
Barrett,  born  Feby.  12th,  1775.  Delphina  Barrett,  born  in 
Sumner,  Feby.  Ish,  1802.  Alexander  Barrett,  boi-n  June  26th, 
1803.  Alvena  Barrett,  born  September  30th,  1805.  Horatio 
Barrett,  born  Sept.  11th,  1806.  Ruth  Wright  Barrett,  liorn 
May  20th,  1808.  James  Medison  Barrett,  born  Nov.  28th,  1809. 
Martha  Heald  Barrett,  born  March  2d,  1811.  Augusta  Jane 
Barrett,  born  May  17th,  1812.  Algernon  Sidney  Barrett,  born 
March  21st.  1814.  Stephen  Decatur  Barrett,  born  August 
15th,  1815.  Mary  Ann  Barrett,  born  March  29th,  1817.  Deaths. 
Mary  Ann  Barrett,  Died  November  3d,  1818. 

Bearths  and  Deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famely  of 
Issac  Tyler  and  Ruby,  his  wife.  Bearths.  Isaac  Tyler,  born  in 
Gloucester,    Mass,    December  25th,    1789.      Ruby  Nelson,    wife  of 


24         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Isaac  Tyler,  born  in  N.  Gloucester,  April  1st,  1797.  Amos  Horn 
Barbour  born  in  Ripley  (Me)  January  23d,  1824.  Took  the  name 
of  Amory  Huntington  Tyler  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  of 
Maine,  Feby.  1828,  being  then  an  Adopted  child  to  said  Tyler. 

(To  be  continued) 


New  Maine  Books 

"The  Makers  of  Maine"  is  a  new  book  recently  issued  from 
the  Haswell  Press,  Lewiston,  1912,  by  Hon.  Herbert  Edgar 
Holmes,  who  was  State  Librarian  of  Maine  during  Gov.  Plaisted's 
administration. 

This  is  an  exceedingly  interesting  work  consisting  of  essays  and 
tales  of  early  Maine  history,  from  the  first  explorations  along  the 
Maine  coast  in  the  first  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  to  the  fall 
of  Louisburg. 

It  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  most  important  and  valuable  ad- 
ditions to  the  Colonial  historj^  of  Maine  that  has  ever  been  made. 

It  is  a  book  of  250  pages  containing  several  fine  illustrations. 


"History  of  Garland,  Maine,"  by  Lyndon  Oak,  recently  issued 
from  the  Observer  Press,  Dover,  Me. 

This  is  a  book  of  400  pages  written  by  the  late  Lyndon  Oak 
and  has  been  prepared  for  the  press  by  his  son,  Hon.  John  M. 
Oak  of  Bangor. 

It  is  an  exhaustive  and  valuable  history  of  the  town  of  Gar- 
land, in  Penobscot  County,  with  a  preface  by  Liston  P.  Evans  with 
brief  sketch  of  the  author  by  Henry  L.  Oak. 

It  is  a  book  that  all  students  and  collectors  of  Maine  history 
should  have. 


Another  recent  interesting  and  important  contribution  to  the 
history  of  Maine  is  the  history  of  the  town  of  Bowdoinham,  by 
Capt.  Silas  Adams  of  Waterville  from  the  press  of  the  Fairfield 
Publishing  Co. 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

PUBLISHED    QUARTERLY 
Vol.   1  APRIL,   1913  No.  1 

JOHN  FRANCIS  SPRAfJUR,  Dover,  Maine,  Editor  and  Publisher,  to  whom  all  com- 
munications should  be  iiildrcssed. 

Application  made  for  entry  as  second  class  matter,  at  the  post  office  at  Dover,  Maine. 

TERMS:  For  all  numbers  issued  during:  the  year,  including  an  index  and  all  special  is- 
sues, jil.ou.  Sinprle  copies,  25  cents.  Bound  volumes,  containing  all  of  the  issues  for  one  year, 
$1.50.    Postage  prepaid. 


"  We  must  look  a  little  into  that  process  of  nation-making 
which  has  been  goiiig  on  si7ice  prehistoric  ages  and  is  going 
on  here  among  us  to-day,  and  from  the  recorded  experience 
of  men  in  times  long  past  ive  may  gather  lessons  of  infinite 
value  for  otir  selves  and  for  our  children' s  children  y 

— John  Fiske. 


Prologue 

In  embarking  upon  the  uncertain  sea  of  literature  and  histori- 
cal research  our  words  may  be  few. 

Our  primal  object  in  attempting  this  work  is  to  aid  in  creating 
a  more  active  and  profound  interest  among  all  classes  of  readers  in 
the  study  of  the  early  history  of  Maine,  and  to  render  such  assist- 
ance as  may  be  possible. 

It  is  not  quite  a  century  since  Maine  severed  her  jurisdictional 
connection  with  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  and  took  her 
place  in  the  grand  column  of  the  sovereign  states  of  the  American 
Union. 

Her  political  history  commenced  in  the  year  1820.  But  three 
centuries  have  rounded  out  in  the  cycles  of  time  since  was  first 
begun  the  actual  history  of  the  State  of  Maine. 

Nearly  two  centuries  before  the  declaration  of  independence 
and  before  the  English  people  had  renounced  the  doctrine  of  the 
divinity  of  kings,  before  Charles  was  beheaded  and  Cromwell  had 
been  ruler  of  Britain  ;  when  the  religious  i-evolution  which  Luther 
had  precipitated  upon  the  world  was  yet  a  modern  event,  did  the 
brave  and  intrepid  explorers,  products  evolved  from  the  reigns  of 
those  two  great  monarchs,  Henry  IV  of  France  and  Queen  Eliza- 
beth of  England,  begin  laying  the  foundation  of  our  civilization. 

The  Colonial  period  of  Maine  is  a  field  of  immensity  as  yet 


26        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

only  partially  explored.  Evervtliin<>;  pertaining  thereto  as  well  as 
its  annals  since,  the  history  of  our  growth  as  a  State,  of  our  towns, 
cities  and  counties,  our  religious,  political,  social  and  industrial 
development  altogether  comprise  a  subject  not  only  vastly  im- 
portant but  fascinating  as  well. 

We  believe  that  the  public  interest  in  these  matters  is  increas- 
ing and  it  is  our  purpose  to  endeavor  to  do  an  humble  part  in 
accentuating  the  same. 

Also  it  is  apparent  that  there  has  l^een  in  recent  years  an 
awakening  to  the  importance  of  a  more  thorough,  systematic  and 
practical  study  of  State  and  local  history  among  the  educators  of 
Maine  and  the  teachers  of  our  schools  and  colleges.  It  is  our  hope 
that  we  may  be  able  to  sustain  a  publication  that  will  be  of  help  to 
them  in  this  work,  that  its  contents  ma}'  be  successfully  used  by 
them  in  their  studies  and  relied  upon  as  authority  in  pursuing  such 
subjects. 

AVe  are  well  aware  that  we  are  only  trying  an  experiment. 
We  have  ])een  advised  and  warned  by  some  that  it  could  not  be 
successful  and  yet  others  more  optimistic  have  urged  it  on.  We 
can  only  promise  to  make  the  trial  and  leave  the  result  in  the 
hands  of  time. 

We  promise  that  it  shall  last  in  quarterly  numbers  at  least 
one  year,  to  be  increased  to  monthly  issues  as  soon  as  it  attains 
such  a  degree  of  success  as  to  warrant  the  increase  and  to  furnish 
our  subscribers  a  proper  index  with  the  last  number  of  the  year. 

If  it  proves  a  ffiilure  its  obsequies  will  be  properly  observed 
on  the  day  of  the  last  publication  of  this  volume. 

AVe  earnestly  invite  the  co-operation  of  all  who  are  interested 
in  the  work,  trusting  that  they  will  ever  bear  in  mind  the  fact  that 
"the  harvest  truly  is  plenteous,  but  the  labourers  are  few." 


Notes  and  Fragments 

Tfik  first  Protestant  clergyman  to  settle  in   Maine  of  whom 
historians  have  any  knowledge  was  the  Rev.  Richard  Gibson.      He 


NOTES  AND  FRAGMENTS  27 

came  from  England  in  the  spring  of  1636  and  settled  on  the  banks 
of  the  Spurwink  River.  He  belonged  to  the  Episcopal  Church  and 
was  sent  over  here  by  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  his  associates. 
It  is  said  of  him  that  he  was  "a  man  of  distinguished  abilities  and 
scholarship. "" 

In  1640  he  brought  an  action  of  slander  against  John  Boynton 
of  Saco  for  calling  him  "a  ])ase  priest,  a  base  knave,  a  base  fellow," 
and  recovered  in  damages  what  would  now  be  about  thirty-one 
dollars  in  American  monev. 


At  thk  close  of  King  Philip's  war  the  little  son  of  King  Philip, 
nine  years  of  age,  was,  b}'  order  of  the  Puritans,  shipped  off  to  the 
West  Indies  and  sold  into  slavery.  The  only  ones  of  prominence 
who  opposed  this  method  of  disposing  of  him  were  Captain  Church 
and  Apostle  Elliott,  the  latter  in  a  letter  to  the  Federal  Com- 
missioners said  :  "To  sell  souls  for  mone}' seemeth  to  me  dangerous 
merchandise. '  * 


Wk  Soijcrr  correspondence  and  desire  historical  papers  and  the 
result  of  historical  research  from  all  parts  of  Maine  for  publication 
in  these  columns. 


Sir  Hiram  Maxim,  now  of  England,  and  the  inventor  of  the 
famous  machine  gun  which  bears  his  name,  was  once  a  lad  in  the 
town  of  Abbot,  Maine,  although  he  was  born  in  the  town  of  San- 
gerville,  Maine. 

In  the  Piscataquis  (Maine)  Observer  in  its  issue  of  April  26, 
1860,  appeared  the  following  notice: 

"FREEDOM  NOTICE. 

"For  a  valuable  consideration,  I  have  this  day  relinquished  to 
my  son,  Hiram  S.  Maxim,  his  time  during  his  minority.  I  shall 
claim  none  of  his  earnings  or  pay  an}'  debts  of  his  contracting  after 
this  date. 

Isaac  Maxim. ' ' 

Witness,  D.  D.  Flynt. 

Abbot,  April  18,  1860." 


28         SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

We  Invite  careful  criticism  of  all  of  the  matter  which  may  ap- 
pear in  this  journal.  If  you  discover  errors,  omissions  or  inac- 
curacies in  anything  published  herein  write  us  your  views  of  the 
same  and  they  will  be  published. 


Last  year  two  Piscataquis  towns,  Foxcroft  and  Sebec,  held 
very  interesting  centennial  celebrations. 

We  hope  to  publish  the  entire  proceedings  of  both  celebra- 
tions in  special  editions  of  this  magazine. 

Such  publication  will  however  depend  upon  the  interest  that 
our  friends  in  the  above  named  towns  may  manifest  in  the  project. 


Hon.  Willis  E.  Parsons  of  Foxcroft,  Grand  Patriarch  of  the 
Grand  Encampment,  I.  O.  O.  F. ,  of  Maine,  is  working  on  a  history 
of  Odd  Fellowship  in  Piscatacjuis  County.  When  completed  we 
shall  publish  it  in  a  special  edition. 


Mr.  Raymond  Fellows,  junior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Fel- 
lows &  Fellows,  Bangor,  Maine,  has  for  several  years  past  devoted 
considerable  attention  to  collecting  books,  papers,  documents,  etc., 
relating  to  Eastern  Maine  history,  and  has  an  especially  valuable 
collection  regarding  Hancock  County.  We  expect  to  publish  some 
of  his  collections  in  future  issues. 


The  New  England  Genealogical  Society  held  its  sixty-ninth 
annual  meeting  in  Wilder  Hall,  Boston,  Feb.  5,  1913.  The  offi- 
cers elected  were  President,  James  P.  Baxter,  Portland ;  Vice  Presi- 
dents, Nathaniel  J.  Rust,  Boston ;  Henry  Deering,  Portland,  Me.  ; 
John  C.  Chase,  Derry,  N.  H.  ;  William  W.  Stickney,  Ludlow,  Vt.  ; 
William  P.  Sheffield,  Newport,  R.  I.  ;  James  J.  Goodwin,  Hart- 
ford, Conn.  ;  Recording  Secretary,  John  Albee,  Swampscott;  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  George  W.  Chamberlain,  Maiden ;  Librarian, 
William  P.  Greenshaw,  Winthrop;  Councilors,  Henry  E.  Scott, 
Medford;  George  A.  Moriarty,  Jr.,  Newport,  R.  I.  ;  William  S. 
Hills,  Boston ;  Ethel  S.  Bolton,  Shirley. 

During  the  session  Walter  K.  Watkins,  secretary  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Colonial  Wars,  gave  a  lecture  on  "Old  Boston  between  the 
years  1700  and  1800." 


NOTES  AND  FRAGMENTS  29 

There  are  several  valuable  papers  relating  to  Piscataquis 
County  which  have  been  read  before  tlie  Piscataquis  Historical 
Society  wliich  we  shall  publish  during  the  coming  year. 

Among  them  is  Judge  Charles  W.  Hayes'  paper  on  Joseph 
Ellery  Foxcroft ;  a  historical  sketch  of  the  Piscataciuis  Congre- 
gational Churches  by  the  Rev.  George  A.  Merrill,  and  papers  on 
the  Revolutionary  Soldiers  of  Piscataquis  County  by  Judge  Edgar 
C.  Smith. 


AViLLiAM  Prrr  Oakes  died  at  his  home  in  Foxcroft,  Me.,  Feb. 
1,  1913.  He  was  the  son  of  Colonel  William  and  Mary  (Wey- 
mouth) Oakes,  and  was  born  in   Sangerville,  Me.,  March  8,  1833. 

He  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Nathaniel  Oakes,  who  came  to 
Massachusetts  from  England  when  a  lad  of  15,  in  1660,  and  later 
became  active  in  the  Colonial  Wars. 

The  descendants  of  Nathaniel  Oakes  have  been  prominent  in 
both  Maine  and  Massachusetts. 

William  Pitt  Oakes  received  a  liberal  education  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  but  by  reason  of  ill  health  he  ceased  th^ 
practice  of  law  and  followed  the  profession  of  civil  engineer. 

He  became  famous  throughout  Eastern  Maine  as  a  land 
surveyor. 

Hon.  AVillis  E.  Parsons  of  Foxcroft  is  the  author  of  a  valu- 
able sketch  of  Mr.  Oakes  recently  published  in  the  Maine  news- 
papers. 


"Votes  for  women"  is  wholly  a  slogan  of  the  twentieth 
century,  and  yet  the  idea  has  long  prevailed  among  American 
statesmen  and  publicists. 

As  early  as  1647  Margaret  Bent  asserted  her  right  to  sit  in 
the  assembly  of  Maryland,  and  Abigail  Adams,  wife  of  John 
Adams,  the  second  president  of  the  American  Union,  aggressively 
advocated  equal  suffrage  for  women. 

And  when  our  forefathers  were  declaring  their  independence 
and  fighting  for  it,  there  had  been  such  an  agitation  of  the  subject 
in  New  Jei'sey  that  women  actually  had  and  exercised  this  right  in 
that  colony  from  1776  to  1807. 

The  movement  did  not  however  become  a  national  one  until 


30        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

the  middle    of   the  nineteenth    centur}-  when    the  first   "women's 
rights"  convention  was  held  at  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in  1848. 


A  Chaptkk  of  Dover  and  Foxcroft  D.  A.  R.  was  organized  at 
the  home  of  Mrs.  Etta  B.  Palmer  in  Dover,  January  14,  1913, 
by  Mrs.  John  Alden  Morse  of  Bath,  State  Regent. 

The  following  officers  were  elected :  Regent,  Adelaide  C. 
Farwell ;  \'ice-Regent,  Lottie  D.  Warren ;  Recording  Secretary, 
Lola  W.  Hayes ;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Alice  N.  Robinson ; 
Treasurer,  Alice  Averill ;  Auditor,  Josephine  W.  Hughes ;  Reg- 
istrar, Elizabeth  T.  Getchell;  Chaplain,  Etta  B.  Palmer;  His- 
torian, Sarah  L.  Martin. 

The  following  committees  were  appointed  by  Mi's.  Farwell: 
Conmiittee  on  constitution,  Mrs.  Palmer  and  Miss  Averill ;  pro- 
gram committee,  Mrs.  Martin  and  Mrs.  Hayes;  committee  on 
education,  Mrs.  Doore  and  Miss  Anna  Buck. 

At  the  close  of  the  business  session,  a  beautiful  bouquet  was 
presented  Mrs.  Farwell  in  behalf  of  the  chapter,  as  a  token  of 
appreciation  for  the  interest  which  she  has  manifested  and  the  help 
she  has  given  towards  the  organization  of  the  chapter. 


Resolve  in  Favor  of  Abbot  Soldiers 

Resolve  in  favor  of  certain  soldiers  in  the  town  of  Abbot,  Me. , 
who  served  in  the  "Aroostook  War,''  passed  by  the  Maine  Legis- 
lature and  approved  April  6,  1841. 

Resolved  :  That  there  be  paid  out  of  the  treasury  of  this 
State  to  Jacob  Leeman,  Jr.,  George  W.  Rogers,  Eliphalet  S. 
Rollins,  David  Weymouth,  Jr.,  Zenas  B.  Poole,  Orrin  Bartlett, 
Americus  Crockett,  Samuel  H.  Lowell,  Thomas  J.  Dutton,  John 
Corson,  Samuel  Weymouth,  Jr.,  Ebenezer  Witham  and  Charles 
Flint,  the  sum  of  five  dollars  each,  in  full,  for  their  services  in  the 
Aroostook  War,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hun- 
dred and  thirtv-nine. 


SOLDIERS^   GRAVES  IN  ELMWOOD  CEMETERY     31 

Soldiers'  Graves  in  Elmwood  Cemetery,  Guil- 
ford, Maine 

RKVOIATIOXARV    SOLDIERS. 

Consider  S.  Glass,  born  in  Duxburv,  Mass.,  Nov.  15,  1759, 
died  in  Guilford,  Maine,  Feb.  18,  1843.  Was  in  a  number  of  bat- 
tles, among  which  was  the  battle  of  Rhode  Island.  He  continued 
in  the  army  until  the  close  of  the  war,  and  is  buried  in  Elniw  ood 
Cemetery,  Guilford,    Me. 

SOLDIERS    OF    THE    1812    WAK. 

Zebulon  Parsons Grover,  private,  born  in  New  Gloucester,  Me., 
Dec.  5,  1791,  died  at  Guilford,  Me.,  March  2,  1882,  buried  in 
Guilford  Centre  Cemetery,  Guilford,  Me. 

AVilliam  Greeley,  private,  born  in  Gray,  Me.,  Jan.  12,  1784, 
died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  March  28,  1869,  buried  at  Guilford  Centre. 

AVilliam  Ellis,  private,  born  in  Freeport,  Me.,  Oct.  6,  1792, 
died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  May,  1869,  buried  at  Guilford  Centre. 

John  M.  Edes,  private,  born  in  Freeport,  Me.,  August  29, 
1791,  died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  June  3,  1834,  buried  in  Elmwood 
Cemetery. 

Isaac  Edes,  private,  born  in  Freeport,  Me.,  March  8,  1794, 
died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  August  16,  1873,  buried  in  Elmwood  Ceme- 
tery. 

Ezekiel  Glass,  private,  born  in  Danville,  Me.,  May  25,  1795, 
died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  July  16,  1873,  buried  in  Elmwood  Ceme- 
tery. 

Elias  Davis,  private,  born  in  New  Gloucester,  Me.,  Feb.  26, 
1788,  died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  June  29,  1880,  buried  in  Elmwood 
Cemetery. 

SOLDIERS    OF    THE    AROOSTOOK    WAR. 

William  DollofF,  born  in  1818,  died  in  Guilford,  1901,  buried 
in  Elmwood  Cemetery. 

Josiah  Farrar,  born  in  Washington,  Me.,  August  2,  1815, 
died  in  Guilford,  Me.,  Oct.  2,  1902,  buried  in  Elmwood  Ceme- 
tery. 

Erastus  B.  Byram,  born  in  Yarmouth,  Me.,  Jan.  6,  1807, 
died  in  Brownville,  Me.,  Jan.  28,  1898,  buried  in  Elmwood  Ceme- 
tery. 


82         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Historical  Societies 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  Rangor  Historical  Society  was  held 
Feb,  7,  1918,  when  the  following  officers  were  elected: 

Honorable  Hetn-y  Lord,  president;  Charles  E.  Rliss,  vice  presi- 
dent; Professor  Calvin  M.  Clark,  corresponding  secretary;  Edward 
M.  Rlanding,  recording  secretary ;  Doctor  Thomas  Upham  Coe, 
treasurer;  Mrs.  Mary  H.  Curran,  librarian  and  cabinet-keeper; 
Doctor  William  C.  Mason,  Captain  Henr}^  N.  Fairbanks,  William 
P.  Hubbard,  Edward  M.  Rlanding,  Everett  F.  Rich  and  William 
W.  Fellows,  executive  committee. 

Reports  were  made  by  the  several  committees  and  progress 
stated. 

Edward  M.  Rlanding,  Wilfrid  A.  Hennessy  and  Walter  L. 
Hubbard  were  appointed  a  committee  to  arrange  for  a  meeting 
later  in  the  season  when  an  intei'esting  program  will  be  presented. 

At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Piscataquis  Historical 
Society  officers  were  elected  for  1913  as  follows: 

John  F.  Sprague,  ])resident ;  Mary  E.  Averill,  vice  president ; 
Francis  C.  Peaks,  recording  secretary ;  Edgar  C.  Smith,  correspond- 
ing secretary;  Liston  P.  Evans,  treasurer;  Wainwright  Gushing, 
Henry  Hudson,  Charles  D.  Shaw,  Martin  L.  Durgin,  William  C. 
Woodbury,  Osgood  P.  Martin,   trustees. 

The  society  is  in  a  very  prosperous  condition  and  its  members 
are  planning  for  a  year  of  unusual  activity  along  historical  lines. 


Piscataquis  Centennials 

Centennial  celebrations  of  the  incorporation  of  towns  that  will 
be  in  order  in  Piscataquis  County  within  the  next  decade  are  as 
follows : 

Sangerville  incorporated  June  13,  1814;  Guilford  incorpo- 
rated Feb.  8,  1816;  Atkinson  incorporated  Feb.  12,  1819;  Dover 
incorporated  Jan.  19,  1822;  Parkman  incorporated  Jan.  29,  1822; 
Monson  incorporated  Feb.  8,  1822;  Milo  incorporated  Jan.  21, 
1823. 


AMERICAN   NAMES  OF  PLACES  IN  MAINE 


33 


American  Names  of  Places  in  Maine 


When  you're  in  Maine,  just  stay  a  bit 
To  see  these  places  ere  you  quit 
Her  crystal  lakes  and  mountains  bold 
Which  all  the  alphabet  enfold. 

Rare  Cupsuptoc  and  Sagadahoc, 
Together  with  Chimpassaoc, 
Also  brave  Chinquassabamtook 
With  dear  Wallagosquegomook. 

If  you  do  this,  and  are  not  sick, 
Try  pretty  Moosetocmaguntic  — 
And  then  with  fervor  go  and  look 
Upon  Apmonjenegamook. 


If  I  were  you,  just  after  this, 
I'd  sally  for  Sysladobis, 
Ripogenis,  Umbazookskus, 
With  Pangokomook  curious. 

Take  Umsaskis,  as  you  go  on 
With  Schoodic  to  Matagomon  ; 
But  don't  omit  Essquilsagook, 
Or  skip  Wetokenebacook. 

Some  others  still  are  left  to  try. 
Fair  Pemadumook  by  and  by — 
Millenkikuk,  Cosbosecontic— 
But  do  them  leisurely,  not  quick. 


But  here's  to  Pegnaunemandpostass- 
anagnog  (as  it  comes  to  pass)  — 

And,  when  you  have  spoken  this  'tis 
plain. 

You'll  know  the  rhetoric  of  Maine. 


-Joel  Barton. 


Brief  Notes  on  the  Early  Settlement  of 
Bangor 

It  is  well  known  that  Penobscot  River  was  first  visited  by 
De  Monts  and  Champlain  in  1605.  Later  there  was  a  French  and 
Indian  settlement  farther  up  the  river  and  a  trading  post  was 
established   near  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag. 

These  various  settlements  were  destroyed  by  the  English  from 
1723  to  1725,  the  final  work  having  been  accomplished  by  Captain 
Heath,  with  a  company  of  men  from  the  Kennebec,  during  the 
latter  year. 


M         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

The  erec-tion  of  Fort  Pownal  on  the  Penobscot  and  the  settle- 
ment which  was  soon  springing"  up  around  it  encouraged  others  to 
penetrate  the  wilderness  farther  up  the  river,  and  so,  in  the  year 
1769,  we  find  Jacob  Buswell  from  Salisbury  in  the  colony  of  Massa- 
chusetts, with  a  family  of  nine  children,  making  his  way  as  far 
north  as  the  junction  of  the  Penobscot  and  Kenduskeag  Rivers,  the 
latter  then  being  called  "the  Kenduskeag  Stream." 

Here  he  commenced  a  clearing  and  erected  a  log  house  near 
where  is  now  the  foot  of  Newbury  Street.  It  was  two  years  later 
(1771)  before  other  families  located  in  this  vicinity.  That  year 
came  several ;  among  whom  were  Thomas  Howard,  Jacob  Dennett, 
Simon  Crosby,  Thomas  Smart,  John  Smart,  Hugh  Smart,  Andrew 
Webster,  Joseph  Rose,  David  Rowell,  Solomon  Harthorn,  Silas 
Harthorn  and  Joseph  Mansell. 

Thomas  Howard  located  and  built  a  house  near  the  site  of  the 
present  A.  H.  Thaxter  residence.  So  by  the  time  that  Robert 
Treat  appeared  upon  the  scene  in  1774  there  was  already  quite  a 
settlement. 

Robert  Treat  was  born  in  Boston  in  1752  and  when  seventeen 
years  of  age  went  to  Fort  Pownal  as  an  armorer.  Upon  arriving 
in  Bangor  he  opened  a  shop  near  Penjejowock  Stream. 

Dr.  John  Herbert  came  in  1774  ;  besides  his  duties  as  pi'actis- 
ing  physician  he  also  taught  school  and  is  said  to  have  been  the 
first  male  teacher  in  the  settlement.  The  first  school  was  taught 
by  Abigail  Ford  in  1773. 

Thomas  Goldthwaite,  son  of  the  commander  of  Fort  Pownal, 
opened  a  trading  house  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag  in  the 
same  year.  He  was  a  Tor}^  and,  like  some  others  of  his  kind,  fled 
to  New  Brunswick  upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Revolutionary  War. 

A  rude  fort  was  soon  erected  above  where  is  now  Mount  Hope 
Cemetery.  A  military  company  was  organized,  commanded  by 
Lieutenant  Andrew  Gilman,  with  Joseph  Mansell,  sergeant. 

The  first  two  births  of  white  children  occurred  this  year,  Mary 
Howard,  daughter  of  Thomas  Howard  and  Hannah  Harthorn, 
daughter  of  Silas  Harthorn.  Another  military  company  was  organ- 
ized in  177(),  consisting  of  twenty  white  men  and  ten  Indians. 

The  first  settled  minister  was  Rev.  Setli  Noble,  wlio  came  with 


NOTES   ON    THE  SETTLEMENT   OF  BANG()1{         35 

his    family   in    1786.      He   was   installed    as    pastor    bv    Rev.    ]\rr. 
Little  and  received  S-lOO  per  year. 

Until  the  year  1791  this  was  only  a  plantation  and  the  matter 
of  naming  it  was  left  to  Mr.  Noble,  who  first  gave  it  the  name  of 
Sunbury,  but  afterwards  changed  it  to  Bangor  in  honor  of  the 
church  hymn  of  that  name,  being  a  favorite  of  his.  The  town  of 
Bangor  was  incor[)orated   February  25,  1791. 

In  1800  the  first  schoolhouse  was  built  by  James  Drununond 
for  Si  50,  near  Treat's  Falls.  Among  those  who  settled  here  up  to 
that  time  were  Moses  Patten,  Amos  Patten,  Abner  Taylor,  Luke 
Wilder,  Allen  Gilman,  Francis  Carr,  Joseph  C'arr,  James  Carr, 
William  Emerson  and  Samuel  Dutton. 

As  earh'  as  1605  the  territory  on  the  Penobscot,  about  the 
present  location  of  Bangor,  was  known  of  and  visited  bv  explorers. 
De  Monts  came  here  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  accompanied  by 
his  accomplished  historian,  Samuel  deChamplain.  In  his  published 
accounts  of  his  voyages  and  explorations  Champlain  described  the 
river  and  the  territory  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag  with  such 
minuteness  as  to  leave  no  doubt  about  their  visit  to  the  place. 

They  found  it  a  ver}'  agreeable  spot,  and  in  writing  of  it 
Champlain  said:  "The  river  was  handsome  and  pleasant  as  far  as 
the  place  where  we  cast  anchor.  Going  on  shore  and  going  on 
foot,  hunting  to  see  the  country,  I  found  it  very  pleasant  and 
agreeable  as  far  as  the  road  led  me,  and  it  seemed  as  if  the  oaks 
that  were  there  were  planted  for  pleasure." 

The  Plymouth  Colony  established  a  trading  post  at  Penobscot 
(Castine)  in  1626,  which  was  kept  up  until  1635,  when  they  were 
driven  away  by  the  French  under  D'Aulna}'.  D'Aulnay  maintained 
the  post  until  his  death  in  1651,  and  then,  in  1667,  Baron  de  St. 
Castin  came  and  he  and  his  .son,  known  as  Castin  the  Younger, 
continued  in  possession  until  about  1720.  So,  almost  continually, 
from  the  exploration  of  the  river  by  De  Monts  in  1605,  there  was 
a  white  settlement  on  the  Penobscot,  conse(juently  the  locality  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag  was  well  known  and  often  visited  by 
white  traders  and  barterers,  but  no  settlement  was  attempted. 

In  1759  Fort  Pownal  was  built  by  the  Province  of  Massachu- 
setts Bay,  at  what  is  now   Fort  Point,  and  a  garrison   was  estab- 


36         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

lislied     there,    giving    security    and     protection     from    the    Indian 
ravages,  and  settlements  soon  commenced  along  the  river. 

The  historv  of  Bangor,  from  the  earliest  traditions  of  the 
aborigines  down  to  the  present  day,  is  teeming  with  interest  and 
is  too  worthy  of  preservation  to  be  allowed  to  be  lost  by  lack  of 
some  effort  being  made  to  compile  and  record  it.  Other  towns  of 
no  more  historic  interest  than  Bangor,  and  some  of  much  less,  have 
published  volumes  of  their  history,  and  some  of  them  two  and 
more. 

Bangor  has  been  in  the  vanguard  in  many  things ;  in  the  his- 
tor\-  of  early  railroading,  and  later  in  that  of  the  development  of 
electric  railroads,  she  has  had  a  prominent  part;  the  lore  of  the 
early  sbagecoach  days  in  eastern  Maine,  and  the  history  of  the 
development  and  decline  thereof,  radiates  from  this  place  as  a  cen- 
ter. The  reverential  custom  of  erecting  monuments  to  the  memory 
of  the  soldier  dead,  the  observance  of  which  has  spread  to  every 
town  and  hamlet  of  our  country,  undoubtedly  had  its  beginning 
here,  when  on  the  17th  day  of  June,  1864,  with  impressive  and 
appropriate  ceremony,  the  monument  was  unveiled  at  Mount  Hope 
bearing  the  inscription,  "'In  Memory  of  the  Citizen  Soldiers  Who 
Died  for  Their  Country. ' ' 

Edgak   Crosby  S.Mn'H. 


Commodore  Samuel  Tucker 

The  State  of  Maine  has  recently  erected  in  the  old  cemetery  at 
Bremen,  which  was  formerly  a  part  of  the  town  of  Bristol,  a  me- 
morial statue  in  honor  of  Commodore  Samuel  Tucker,  a  Revolution- 
ary hero,  who  rendered  distinguished  services  for  his  country  and 
had  the  distinction  of  being  commissioned  by  George  Washington. 

Much  credit  for  this  is  due  to  the  Hon.  Leslie  Boynton  of 
Jefferson,  member  of  the  Maine  Senate,  and  the  Hon.  Wells  A. 
Deering  of  Waldoboro,  member  of  the  Maine  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. 

While  Lincoln  County  has  been  rich  in  its  history  and  tradi- 


COMMODORE  SAMUEL  TUCKER  37 

tions  of  the  early  settling*  of  Maine,  none  of  its  citizens  has  played 
a  more  important  part  than  Commodore  Tucker,  who  was  born  in 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  Nov.  1,  1  T-iT. 

When  a  mere  boy  he  commenced  the  life  of  a  seaman  and  was 
in  London  when  news  was  received  of  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

He  returned  to  America  in  a  ship  owned  by  Robert  Morris  of 
Philadelphia. 

Congress  passed  a  resolve  authorizing  the  fitting  out  of  some 
armed  ships  and  George  AVashington,  whom  T'ucker  had  met 
through  letters  furnished  him  by  iNIorris,  at  once  remembered  the 
gallant  young  skipper,  and  one  of  the  first  commissions  issued  by 
the  great  American  leader  was  to  Captain  Tucker.  It  was  dated 
Jan.  20,  1776. 

It  was  sent  by  a  special  messenger  and  appointed  him  captain 
of  the  armed  schooner  Franklin.  He  rendered  such  a  glowing 
account  of  his  services  that  on  September  3,  of  that  year,  he  was 
transferred  to  the  armed  schooner  Hancock  and  at  a  later  period  to 
the  frigate  Boston,  his  last  commission  being  dated  March  15, 
1777. 

In  1778  while  in  command  of  the  frigate  Boston,  he  was  ordered 
to  convey  Hon.  John  Adams  to  France,  to  which  place  he  had  been 
appointed  minister,  and  captured  many  prizes  on  the  way.  In  the 
autumn  of  1779  the  Boston  was  ordered  South  as  one  of  Commo- 
dore Whipple's  squadron,  but  was  obliged  to  surrender  when  all  of 
the  Commodore's  squadron  was  captured  in  the  spring  of  1780. 
Tucker  was  allowed  to  return  home  on  parole  and  very  soon  was 
exchanged  for  Captain  AVardlow,  whom  he  had  himself  captured 
about  a  year  before  in  the  Thorne. 

Tucker  was  soon  given  command  of  the  Thorne,  previously 
commanded  by  Captain  AVardlow,  for  whom  he  had  been  exchanged, 
and  captured  many  valuable  prizes,  but  he  himself  was  again  cap- 
tured in  1781  near  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  Captain  Tucker  made 
his  escape  from  Prince  Edward  Island  to  which  he  had  been  sent, 
and  arrived  safely  again  in  Boston. 

His  prizes,  more  than  sixty  in  number,  made  him  a  ver}^ 
wealthy  man,  and  soon  after  1780  he  went  to  Boston  to  live.  He 
lost  heavih'  in  various  wa3's  and  in  1792  moved  to  Bristol,  Maine, 


38        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE   HISTORY 

and  became  a  selectman  of  the  town  and  also  held  a  similar  office 
in  the  town  of  Bremen  when  it  was  set  off  from  the  mother  town. 

For  five  years  he  represented  Bristol  in  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  and  after  the  separation  was  twice  returned  to  the 
Maine  Leoislature.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  that 
formed  the  first  Constitution  of  Maine. 

In  1820  he  was  chosen  an  elector  of  President  and  Vice  Presi- 
dent of  the  LTnited  States  and  was  appointed  messenger  to  carry 
the  \ote  of  Maine  to  Washington. 

He  received  the  thanks  of  Congress  for  his  gallant  services 
and  was  entitled  to  admission  at  all  times  to  the  floor  of  both 
Houses.  By  a  general  law  of  Congress  passed  about  1820  he  re- 
ceived a  pension  of  $20  a  month  and  twelve  years  later  this  was 
increased  to  S50  a  month.  He  died  at  his  home  March  10,  1833, 
in  his  80th  j'ear. 

The  statue  of  Commodore  Tucker  was  made  from  an  oil-paint- 
ing in   full  Naval  uniform.      It  represents  him  as  having  just  taken 
an  observation,  with  glass  in  right  hand  and  sword  at  left  side. 
It  bears  the  following  inscription  : 

Erected  by  the  State  of  Maine 

To  perpetuate  the  Memory  of 

Commodore  Samuel  Tucker. 

1748-1833. 

A  patriot  of  the  Revolution 

Commissioned  by  George  Washington. 

Mary,  His  Wife. 

1753-1832. 


The  Anti -Slavery  Movement  in  Maine 

The  first  anti-slavery  society  organized  in  the  State  of  Maine 
was  in  Hallo  well,  at  the  house  of  Deacon  Eben  Dole,  Nov.  18, 
1833. 

Rev.  G.  Shepard,  Eben  Dole,  R.  D.  Rice,  Paul  S.  Stickney 
and  A.  Allen  were  chosen  a  committee  to  draft  a  constitution  and 
nominate  officers. 

These  ofincers  were  Eben  Dole,  president;  Paul  Stickney, 
vice-president;  R.  Gardiner,  treasurer;  R.  D.  Rice,  recording 
secretary. 


THE  ANTI-SLAVERY  MOVEMENT  IN   MAINE       39 


The  first  State  convention  was  held  in  Augusta  Oct.  12, 
18'3-i,  when  the  Maine  Anti-Slaverv  Society  was  established. 

Rev.  David  Thurston  of  Winthrop  was  chosen  president; 
Hon.  S.  M.  Pond  and  Eben  Dole,  vice-presidents;  S.  K.  Gilman 
and  Rev.  Wooster  Parker,  secretaries ;  I{ev.  S.  L.  Pomroy,  Samuel 
Fessenden,  Rev.  S.  Thurston,  Dr.  L.  Perkins  and  Prof.  C. 
Newton,  executive  committee. 

Its  first  annual  meeting  was  held  in  Brunswick,  Oct.  28,  1835. 

In  1839  John  Quincy  Adams  was  pursuing  his  great  fight  for 
the  right  of  petition. 

\Vhen  the  so-called  "gag"  rule  was  voted  on  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  all  but  two  of  the  members  from  Maine  voted 
against  it.  Those  who  voted  in  the  negative  and  on  the  side  of 
freedom  were  George  Evans  of  Gardiner,  Thomas  Davee  of  Rlanch- 
ard,  H.  J.  Anderson  of  Belfast,  Benjamin  Randall  of  Bath,  Nathan 
Clifford  of  Newfiekl  and  Joshua  A.  Lowell  of  Machias.  Those 
voting  in  its  favor  were  Albert  Smith  of  Portland  and  Virgie  D. 
Parris  of  Buckfield. 

Evans  and  Randall  were  the  only  Whigs  on  the  Maine 
delegation. 

Among  the  early  abolitionists  in  Portland  were  General 
Fessenden,  Oliver  Dennet,  General  Appleton,  J.  W.  Appleton, 
Josiah  Dow  and  his  son  Neal  Dow,  Charles  Barbour,  Arthur 
Shirley  and  George  Ropes. 

Errata.  On  page  18  the  word  "Matchebignatus"  should  be  spelled 
"Matchebiguatus. "  On  same  page  the  word  "Marchebagaduce"  appears 
in  the  early  histories  as  follows:     "Marche-bagaduce." 


To  Bookbuyers  and  Others 

Are  you  in  want  of  any  out  of  print  book  or  publication  ?  If  so,  I 
should  be  pleased  to  assist  you.  I  am  in  communication  with  many  of 
the  largest  dealers  in  second-hand  and  out-of-print  books  in  all  sec- 
tions of  the  United  States,  England,  France  and  Germany,  and  receive 
their  catalogues  regularly.  I  will  assist  you  in  looking  up  any  genea- 
logical or  historical  data  you  desire.  Charges  moderate.  Any 
current  publication  which  you  do  not  find  at  your  book  store  I  will  ob- 
tain for  you  at  short  notice. 

EDGAR  C.  SMITH, 

Foxcroft,  Maine. 


Note:  Regular  subscribers  to  the  Journal  may  return  their  maga- 
zines at  the  end  of  the  year  and  they  w^ill  be  neatly  bound  in  cloth  for  the 
sum  of  fifty  cents. 


40 


SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


The     Bangor     Commercial 
Maine's  Best  Paper. 


Trial  subscription  to  Daily  $1.00 

for  3  months. 
Weekly  3  mos.  for  25  cents,  one 

year  $1.00. 

The  Commercial  (Daily  and  Weekly) 
offers  advertisers  the  most  powerful 
advertising  influence  that  can  be 
brought  to  bear  on  Maine  trade. 

J.  P.  BASS  PUBLISHING  CO., 

PUBLISHERS, 

BANGOR,         -         MAINE 

Eastern  Trust  and  Banking 
Company 

BANGOR,    MAINE 

ESTABLISHED  IN  1887. 


Capital,  -  -  -  $173,000 

Surplus  and  Profits  (Earned),     300.000 
Stockholders"  Liability,        -       173,000 

$830,000 
Deposits,         -         -         -        $5,000,000 

Wm.  W.  Roberts  Co. 

Stationers  and   Blank 
Book  Manufactm'ers. 

Office  Supplies, 

Filing  Cabinets, 

and  Card  Indexes. 

233  Middle  Street, 
PORTLAND,        -       MAINE. 


COME  TO 

Dow  &  Boyle's 

FOR  YOUR 

STYLISH,   UP-TO-DATE 
CLOTHING. 

Adler*s  Collegian,  Kirschbaum 
Clothes,  Hercules  Suits  for  Boys. 
Ed.  V.  Price  Tailoring  Line. 
Gents'  Furnishings. 

DON'T  FORGET 
DOW  &  BOYLE,     Dover,  Me. 

Equip  Your  Office 

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Walker  Card  Index  or 
Filing  System.  Send  today 
for  catalogue  and  price  list. 

LORING,   SHORT 
&  HARMON, 


PORTLAND, 


MAINE. 


KINEO   TRUST   CO., 

DOVER,  MAINE. 

Organized  in  1903,  to  meet  the  bank- 
ing needs  of  this  community,  Kineo 
Trust  Company  has  steadily  grown  in 
strength  and  public  favor,  imtil  today 
it  is  universally  recognized  as  one  of 
the  large  and  strong  financial  institu- 
tions of  Eastern  Maine. 

Liberal  Interest  paid  on 
Savings  Deposits. 

J.  F.  HUGHES,  Pres.      C.  C.  HALL,  V.  Pres. 
G.  L.  ARNOLD,  Treas. 


We  have  positive  evidence  of  the  reliability  of  the  advertisers  on  these  pages 


SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY        41 


Falmouth     Hotel 
J.  J.  POOLER, 

Proprietor, 


Portland,  Maine. 


European   and   American    Plan. 


50,000  Horse  Power 

AVAILABLE    FOR    INDUSTRIES    IN    CENTRAL    MAINE 

Central  Maine  Power  Co. 

Offices   at   Augusta,    Gardiner,    Waterville,   Skowhegan, 
Pittsfield  and  Dexter. 


C  O  N  T  E  N  T  S 

General    John    Parker  Boyd    and    Judge   Henry  Orne,   the 

Original  Proprietors  of  the  Town  of  Orneville,  Maine,  48 

The  Indian  Bashaba,         -  -  -  -  -  -  -  47 

Vital  Statistics,  .___._.  52 

Champlain's  \'isit  to  the  Penobscot,  -  -  -  -  56 

Wayfarer's  Notes,         __-_-__  gfi 

Editorial,        ---------  73 

Notes  and  Fragments,  _---_-  74 

Revolutionary  Soldiers  of  Piscataquis  County,     -  -  -  77 


THE  OLD  YORK  GAOL  IN  YORK.  MAINE. 

The  oldest  public  building  of  the  English  Colonies  in 
America,  built  in  1653. 

On  the  first  floor  is  a  massive  stone  dungeon  and  on  the  floor 
ab()\  e  are  cells  of  hewn  oak  timbers  with  windows  grated  by  doul)le 
and  triple  rows  of  bars.  It  is  now  uiuler  the  care  of  the  York 
Historical  and  Improvement  Society,  which  maintains  it  as  a 
museum  of  local  aiiti(|uities. 


John    Francis    Sprague's    Books 


Piscataquis  Biography  and  Frag- 
ments, 

Sebastian  Rale,  a  Maine  Trag- 
edy of  the  18th  Century. 

The  North  Eastern  Boundary 
Controversy  and  the  Aroos- 
took War, 

Acfidental  Shooting  in  the  Game 
Season, 

Backwoods  Sketches. 

Atso  Piscataquis  Historical  So- 
ciety Collections,  Vol.  I, 

Any  of  the  above  named  books  will  be 
sent  postpaid  upon  receipt  of  the 
price. 

A.   J.    HUSTON, 

92  Exchange  St. ,         Portland,  Maine. 


•Si.  00 


$1.00 


§].25 

.25 
$1.00 

$2.00 


S.  G.  SANFORD  &  SON 
Livery  and  Sales  Stable 

Stylish  Rigs,  Horses,  Carriages, 
Sleighs,  Harness  and  Robes. 

LARGEST  REPOSITORY 
IN      EASTERN     MAINE. 

Teams  to  and  from  all  trains. 
Summer  Street,  ne;ir  M.  C.  R.  R.  Station, 

Foxcroft,  Maine. 
Phone  92-9. 


We  have  positive  evidence  of  the  reliabiUty  of  tlie  advertisers  on  these  pages. 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

Vol.   1  JULY,   1913  Xo.   !> 


General  John  Parker  Boyd  and  Jud^^e  Henry 

Orne,  the  Original  Proprietors  of  the 

Town  of  Orneville,  Maine 

Read    liefore   the  Piscataciuis   Historical   Society  by  John    Francis 

Sprague 

There  are  many  towns  in  the  State  of  Maine  of  historical 
interest  by  reason  of  the  fame  of  the  first  purchasers  or  proprietors 
of  the  original  townships,  and  none  more  so  than  the  town  of 
Orneville  in  the  County  of  Piscataquis. 

The  first  owner  of  the  township  was  General  John  Parker 
Boyd,  who  also  owned  a  part  of  what  is  now  the  town  of  Medford. 
The  settlement  was  first  called  Boyd's  Plantation. 

He  was  born  in  Newburvport,  Massachusetts,  December  21, 
1764,  and  died  in  Boston,  October  4,  1830,  and  was  the  son  of 
James  and  Susannah  Boj'd.  James  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  and 
his  wife  was  a  sister  of  Reverend  Paul  Coffin  of  Newburvport,  who 
was  a  descendant  from  Tristram  Coffin,  the  first  of  the  name,  who 
came  to  this  country. 

John,    with    his  two  brothers,    Robert  and  Joseph,    were    when 
boys  placed  in  stores  in  Boston  and  learned  mercantile  life. 

Robert  and  Joseph  and  their  brother,  Ebenezer  L.  Boyd,"' 
settled  in  Portland,  Maine,  in  1774,  and  were  extensive  traders 
there  for  many  years  and  became  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  that 
city. 

The  life  of  a  merchant,  did  not,  however,  appeal  to  John 
Parker  as  he  was  possessed  of  a  spirit  of  adventure  and  a  strong 
desire  for  military  life.  He  entered  the  American  Navy  in  1786 
as  ensign  in  the  second  regiment. 

In   1789  he  went  to  India  and  engaged  in  a  kind   of  guerilla 

(a)     Ebenezer  L.  Boyd  evidently  became  a  clergyman,  as  the  title  of 
Reverend  is  affixed  to  his  name  in  early  conveyances  of  land. 

(Note)     Cleophas  Boyd,  who  for  many  years  was  a  practicing  lawyer  in 
Harmony,  Maine,  was  a  son  of  Ebenezer  L.  Boyd. 


U        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

service  under  and  by  authority  of  the  English  government,  and 
gained  considerable  renown  in  the  wars  in  India  at  that  time. 

In  a  letter  to  his  father  from  Madras,  in  June,  1790,  he  says, 
"Having  procured  letters  recommendatory  to  the  English  consul 
residing  at  the  Court  of  his  Highness,  the  Nizam,  I  proceeded  to 
his  capital,  Hydrabad,  450  miles  from  Madras.  On  my  arrival  I 
was  presented  to  his  Highness  in  form  by  the  English  consul. 

"My  reception  was  as  favorable  as  my  most  sanguine  wishes 
had  anticipated.  After  the  usual  ceremony  was  over,  he  presented 
me  with  the  command  of  two  kansolars  of  infantry,  each  of  which 
consists  of  500  men." 

The  English  evidently  had  confidence  in  his  bravery  and 
ability  as  a  military  officer  as  he  commanded  alone,  at  one  time, 
more  than  ten  thousand  men. 

He  returned  to  his  home  in  Boston  in  1808  and  immediately 
upon  his  return,  October  7,  1808,  was  appointed  Colonel  of  the 
Fourth  Infantry  and  Brigadier  General,  August  26,  1812,  and 
honorably  discharged  June  15,  1815. 

He  was  at  the  capture  of  Fort  George  and  in  the  engagement 
at  Williamsburg  in  Canada. 

In  1816,  he  went  to  England  to  obtain  indemnity  for  the  loss 
of  a  valuable  cargo  of  saltpetre,  captured  by  an  English  cruiser 
while  on  its  way  to  the  East  Indies.  In  this  venture  he  sustained 
a  considerable  loss  as  he  only  recovered  one  installment  of  thirty 
thousand  dollars,  estimated  to  be  less  than  one-half  its  value. 

President  Jackson  appointed  him  Naval  Officer  at  Boston  in 
1830,  only  a  few  months  before  his  death. 

General  Boyd's  ancestors  being  Scotch  it  is  evident  that  he 
inherited  a  love  for  Scottish  history  and  tradition  as  he  caused 
what  is  now  the  town  of  Medford  to  be  known  and  called  by  that 
beautiful  and  poetic  Scotch  name  of  Kilmarnock.  This  town 
adopted  this  name  when  incorporated  January  31,  1824,  and  re- 
tained it  until  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature  in  1856  it  was  changed 
to  the  present  name  of  Medford.  What  could  have  induced  the 
people  of  this  town  to  desire  this  change  is  incomprehensible. 

Kilmarnock  in  Scotland  is  the  largest  town  in  the  county  of 
Ayr,  which  county  gave  birth  to  one  of  the  sweetest  of  earth's 
singers,  Bobby   Burns.      Its  very  name  is  an  inspiration  from   that 


GENERAL  JOHN  PARKER  BOYD        45 

land  of  poetry  and  romance  and  it  was  lamentable  that  it  should 
ever  have  been  changed  for  the  present  prosaic  name  of  Med  ford, 
which  is  suggestive  only  of  a  New  England  town  that  once  pro- 
duced what  our  fathers  loved  perhaps  rather  better  than  we  do  and 
which  was  undoubtedly  a  most  excellent  quality  of  rum. 

General  Boyd  became  the  owner  of  the  lands  above  referred  to 
in  1805  and  prior  to  his  return  from  India  and  England,  but-  there 
is  no  evidence  extant  today  that  he  ever  resided  there,  although  it 
is  known  that  he  paid  frequent  visits  to  Boyd's  Plantation. 

General  Boyd  derived  his  title  to  Orneville  as  follows:  On  the 
fourth  day  of  September,  1805,  John  Read  and  Wm.  Smith, 
agents  for  the  General  Court  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massa- 
chusetts, under  a  resolve  passed  by  the  General  Court,  March  15, 
1805,  conveyed  by  deed  to  John  Parker  Boyd  of  Boston  in  the 
county  of  Suffolk  in  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  in  con- 
sideration of  six  thousand,  two  hundred  and  eleven  dollars  and 
sixty -nine  cents,  (balance  then  due)  paid  by  John  Parker  Boytl 
under  assignment  of  John  Peck,  who  was  assignee*  of  Calvin 
Austin,  "a  township  of  land  six  miles  square  lying  in  the  county 
of  Hancock,  said  township  being  number  one  in  the  sixth  range  of 
townships  on  the  west  side  of  the  Penobscot  river  and  north  of  the 
Waldo  Patent  and  the  same  conveyed  by  Ephraim  Ballard  and 
Samuel  Weston  in  the  3'ear  1792."  This  deed  was  recorded  in  the 
Hancock  Registry  of  Deeds  office.  May  21,  1836,  Book  30,  Page 
435. 

By  this  deed  it  appears  that  the  original  contract  for  the  sale 
of  this  land  to  John  Peck  was  made  November  12,  1793. 

On  the  twenty-seventh  day  of  March,  1816,  William  Smith, 
acting  as  agent  for  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  conveyed 
to  John  Parker  Boyd  "a  half  township  of  land  lying  in  the  County 
of  Penobscot,  being  the  one  half  of  a  township  six  miles  square 
called  number  two  in  the  seventh  range  of  townships  north  of  the 
AValdo  Patent  as  the  same  was  surveyed  by  Samuel  Weston  in  the 
month  of  November,  1794;"  this  being  what  is  now  the  town  of 
IMedford. 

General  Boyd's  will  as  appears  on  the  probate  records  of 
Suffolk  Countv  in  Massachusetts  is  as  follows : 


46         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


"I,  John  Parker  Boyd  of  Boston,  in  the  County  of  Suffolk  and  Common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts,  being  of  sound  mind  and  memory,  conscious  of 
my  dependence  upon  the  Supreme  Being,  and  convinced  of  the  uncertainty 
of  human  life,  being  now  about  to  depart  for  Europe,  do  hereby  declare  this 
to  be  my  last  will  and  testament,  revoking  and  annulling  all  by  me  hereto- 
fore made. 

"Inprimis —  After  my  legal  and  just  debts  are  paid,  I  give  and  bequeath " 
One  Quarter  of  all  of  my  Estate  to  Frances  Boyd,  my  natural  daughter  by 
Housina,  a  Mahometan  lady,  born  in  my  camp  in  the  vicinity  of  Ponah,  in 
the  month  of  June  and  fourth  day,  1797,  and  christened  the  same  year  in 
Ponah  by  the  Revd.  Father  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  that  City, 
Major  Tone  being  Godfather  and  Mesdames  Franswa  and  Finglap,  God- 
mothers. 

"But  in  case  my  daughter,  the  said  Frances  Boyd,  shall  decease  without 
lawful  issue,  my  will  is  that  my  brothers  and  sisters  shall  be  her  heirs  to 
the  property  I  have  thus  bequeathed  her,  and  not  her  relations  in  India,  to 
be  divided  between  my  said  Brothers  and  Sisters  in  the  same  proportion  as 
the  property  I  have  herein  bequeathed  to  them,  is  distributed. 

"Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  One  Quarter  of  all  my  Estate  to  Wallace, 
my  natural  son  by  Marie  Rupell,  born  in  the  month  of  October  and  day  in 
the  year  1814.  But  in  case  this  child  Wallace  should  die  without  lawful 
issue,  my  will  is  that  my  Brothers  and  Sisters  be  heirs  to  the  property 
I  have  herein  bequeathed  to  him,  in  like  manner  as  I  have  stated  with 
respect  to  my  daughter,  the  said  Frances  Boyd,  now  in  India. 

"Item.  I  give  and  bequeath  One  half  of  all  my  estate  to  my  own 
Brothers  and  Sisters  in  the  following  proportions,  viz. 

"To  my  brother,  Robert  Boyd,  one  tenth  of  the  aforesaid  one  half  of  all 
my  Estate.  To  my  brother,  Joseph  C.  Boyd,  two  tenths  of  the  aforesaid 
One  Half  of  all  my  Estate.  To  my  brother,  E.  L.  Boyd,  Two  tenths  of 
the  aforesaid  one  half  of  all  my  Estate.  To  my  sister,  Margaret  Storer, 
Two  tenths  of  the  aforesaid  one  half  of  all  my  Estate.  To  my  sister, 
Frances  Little,  Three  Tenths  of  the  aforesaid  one  half  of  all  my  Estate. 

"But  nevertheless  I  will  the  following  legacies  be  first  paid  out  of  the 
whole  of  my  Estate  before  any  dividend  shall  take  place;  viz:  One  Hundred 
Guineas  to  Miss  Maria  Smith  of  Philadelphia  to  purchase  a  Ring  which  she 
is  requested  to  accept  as  a  testimony  of  my  ardent  and  unchangeable  affec- 
tion. 

"I  commit  the  care  and  guardianship  of  my  son  Wallace  to  my  Sister 
Little  &  would  recommend  that  he  should  be  educated  for  the  army  or  navy. 

"I  do  constitute  my  brothers  J.  C.  Boyd  and  E.  L.  Boyd,  Executors  to 
this  my  last  Will  and  Testament. 

"In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  this  3rd 
day  of  November  A.  D.  1816. 

Jno.  P.  Boyd.     (L.  S.) 
"Signed  and  delivered  by  the  testator  in  presence  of  us  three  subscribing 
witnesses. 
"William  White,  Jr. 
Wm.  Little,  Junr. 
MaTcellus  Little." 


THE  INDIAN  BASH  ABA  47 

Lossing's  History  of  the  War  of  1812  quotes  William  Willis, 
who  was  an  intimate  friend  of  General  Boyd,  as  saying  that  he  was 
"a  tall,  well  formed,  and  handsome  man;  kind,  courteous  and 
generous. ' ' 

I  find  no  evidence  that  General  Boyd  was  ever  married. 

In  1820  only  two  persons  are  returned  as  residing  on  what 
was  known  as  Boyd's  Plantation.  This  town  was  incorporated  as 
the  town  of  Milton  in  1832,  changed  to  Almond  in  1841,  and  to 
Orneville  in  1843,  in  honor  of  Judge  Henry  Orne,  who  had 
married  Frances  Boyd  Little,  a  niece  of  General  Boyd.  The  Boyd 
land  interests  in  that  town  having  passed  into  his  possession  he 
moved  there  and  made  it  his  pei'manent  home  in  1841. 

(Part  second  of   this  paper  which   relates   to  Judge   Henry    Orne  for 
whom  the  town  of  Orneville  was  named  will  appear  in  our  next  issue.) 


The   Indian   Bashaba 

We  recently  received  the  following  inquiry  : 
"Dear  Mr.  Sprague. 

"In  'Backwoods  Sketches'  in  a  footnote  on 
page  90  you  refer  to  the  'Bashaba  of  Penobscot'  as  a  'sort  of 
prince,  superior  in  rank  to  the  Sachems  of  the  various  Indian 
tribes,'  etc. 

"Can  you  give  me  some  light  on  the  history  of  this  Indian 
prince.'*" 

It  is  evident  that  in  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century 
there  was  an  Indian  ciiieftain  in  Maine  regarded  as  having  a  much 
higher  authority  than  the  ordinary  chief,  sachem  or  sagamore. 

This  person  is  mentioned  by  all  the  early  writers  of  Maine 
history. 

Champlain  speaks  of  him  and  also  Smith,  Winthrop,  Hub- 
bard, Prince,  Gorges,  and  others. 


48         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Belknap's  Bioojraphy,  volume  two,  page  fifty-three,  gives  him 
the  title  quoted  in  the  note  above  referred  to. 

Yet  the  correctness  of  this  may  possibly  be  doubted,  as  it 
would  appear  from  the  best  authorities  that  Williamson  cites  that 
the  home  of  the  Bashaba  was  near  Pema([uid,  and  that  his  immed- 
iate subjects  or  home  tribe  were  the  Wawenocks  whose  dwelling 
place  was  eastward  of  Sagadahoc  as  far  as  the  river  St.  George. 

Williamson  refers  to  him  as  the  "great  Bashaba'"*"  and  quotes 
Smith  as  saying  that  he  (1608)  was  urged  by  the  natives  to  "pay 
court  unto  that  prince.  " 

The  most  authentic  history  of  the  Indians  in  recent  times  is 
the  "Handbook  of  the  American  Indians  North  of  Mexico,"  edited 
by  Frederick  ^Vebb  Hodge  and  published  by  the  government  at 
Washington  (1907).  The  chapter  in  this  work  on  the  Abnaki 
Indians  makes  no  reference  to  him. 

From  what  evidence  is  obtainable  it  is  quite  apparent  that  for 
a  time  at  least  prior  to  1615  the  various  tribes  in  Maine  "held  the 
Bashaba  to  be  chief,  and  the  greatest  among  them. '^^  During  that 
year  hostilities  broke  out  between  the  Tarratines  and  the  tribes  in 
the  westerly  part  of  Maine,  which  raged  for  two  years. 

This  war  was  "uncommonly  destructive*""  and  resulted  in  the 
entire  extermination  of  some  of  the  tribes  and  in  it  the  Bashaba 
was  slain.  Whether  he  held  his  high  office  or  position  under  some 
crude  form  of  confederacy  of  the  different  tribes  scattered  along  our 
coast,  or  whether  he  may  have  acquired  it  in  some  other  manner  or 
from  some  other  cause  is  now  entirely  unknown. 

There  is  little  to  be  gleaned  from  the  early  writers  regarding 
the  subject,  although  it  is  one  of  fascinating  interest  and  worthy  of 
far  more  research  than  we  have  ever  given  it. 

So  far  as  we  have  knowledge  of  the  history  of  the  tribal 
government  of  the  Indians  of  Maine  each  tribe  was  a  self-governing 
bod}'  and  had  a  war  chief  and  also  a  civil  chief,''  and  there  was  a 
council  house  in  each  village. 

Tribes  located  in  one  particular  section  and  speaking  the  same 

(a)  Williamson,  Vol.  1,  p.  468. 

(b)  Williamson,  Vol.  1,  p.  214,  citing  Smith  and  other  authorities. 

(c)  lb.,  p.  215. 

(d)  Hodge's  Handbook  of  American  Indians.     Part  I,  p.  4. 


THE  IxNDIAN  BASHABA  49 


dialect  were  known  to  have  confederated  together  for  offensive  and 
defensive  purposes,  but  such  unions  were  supposed  to  have  been 
only  temporarv  and  dissolvable  at  the  will  of  the  parties  making 
them. 

It  was  not  usually  understood  that  they  had  any  general  gov- 
ernmental head  holding  any  one  cluster  of  tribes  together  by  any 
particular  form  of  federated  government. 

And  3et  the  fact  that  about  all  of  those  who  wrote  of  Indian 
affairs  in  Maine  three  centuries  ago,  bear  testimony  of  the  existence 
of  this  great  Bashaba  with  extraordinary  authority,  gives  semblance 
to  the  idea  that  such  a  personage  with  such  a  power  did  flourish  at 
that  period. 

According  to  Hodge  in  the  work  above  referred  to,  all  of  the 
Maine  Indians  were  originally  of  the  vast  Algonquin  family. 

Williamson  and  other  authorities  conceding  that  they  were 
"the  descendants  of  the  same  original  stock,"  places  all  of  the 
Maine  Indians  in  two  great  divisions,  the  Abeneques  and  the 
Etechemins.''^ 

The  country  inhabited  and  controlled  by  the  latter  was 
located  between  some  point  near  the  central  part  of  Maine  and 
extended  east  as  far  as  the  region  of  the  Micmacs  or  Souriquois 
of  Nova  Scotia,  while  the  territory  of  the  former  stretched  west- 
ward as  far  as  New  Hampshire  and  Massachusetts. 

The  powerful  Tarratines  of  the  Penobscot  descended  from 
these  ancient  Etechemins. 

Now  if  there  is  valid  authorit}'  for  the  title  "The  Bashaba  of 
Penobscot,"  it  could  only  have  been  because  his  political  or  feder- 
ated power  extended  over  those  eastern  tribes  as  well  as  over  the 
western  tribes,  for  such  title  could  not  have  been  derived  from  his 
dwelling  place  as  that  was  undeniabh'  at  or  near  Pemaquid. 

Otis  locates  it  as  "probably  in  the  vicinity  of  what  is  now 
known  as  Damariscotta.*^" 

Mr.  Sewall  says  that  the  Bashaba's  own  tribe  herein  men- 
tioned, the  Wawenocks,  dwelt  on  the  Sheepscot,  and  Pemaquid,  and 

(a)  Williamson,  Vol.  I,  p.  463. 

(b)  The  Story  of  Pemaquid  by  James  Otis,  p.  12. 


50        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

that  "Mavooshen   was  the  name  of  the  territory   wherein   was   the 
seat  of  his  dominions.'^*' 

SuUivan  (p.  88)  says  that  "the  Algonquins  were  divided  in 
tribes,  under  particular  sachems  or  chiefs,  and  had  above  these, 
higher  officers  called  Bashabas. 

"But  what  the  qualifications  of  those  officers  were,  or  in  what 
manner  they  were  inducted  is  not  ascertained ;  nor  is  their  power  if 
defined  among  them,  so  well  known  to  us  as  that  we  can  describe 
the  lines  of  it.  "' 

The  following  excerpts  from  "Rosier's  Narrative'^"  (1605) 
show  each  reference  which  he  makes  to  the  Bashaba. 

"They  (the  Indians)  gave  us  some  (tobacco)  to  carry  to  our 

captain  whom  they  called  our  bashabes/"' 

^      ^      ^      ^ 

"They  often  would  (by  pointing  to  one  part  of  the  main 
eastward)  sign  unto  us,  that  their  Bashabes  (that  is  their  king)  had 
great  plenty  of  furs,  and  much  tobacco.'^" 

*      *      *      * 

"These  (the  Indians)  made  not  an}'  show  that  they  had  notice 
of  the  other  before  taken,  but  we  understood  them  by  their  speech 
and  signs,  that  they  came  sent  from  the  Bashabes  and  that  his 
desire  was  that  we  would  bring  up  our  ship  (which  they  call  as 
their  own  boats,  a  quiden)  to  his  house  being  as  the}'  pointed,  upon 
the  main  towards  the  east,  from  whence  they  came,  and  that  he 
would  exchange  with  us  for  furs  and  tobacco.  But  because  our 
company  was  but  small,  and  now  our  desire  was  with  speed  to 
discover  up  the  river,  we  let  them  understand,  that  if  their  Basha- 
bes would  come  to  us  he  should  be  welcome,  but  we  would  not 
remove  to  him. 

"Which  when  they  understood  (received  of  us  bread  and  fish, 
and    every   of   them   a  knife)   they  departed    for   we  had    then   no 

(a)  Sewall's  Ancient  Dominions  of  Maine,  p.  42. 

(b)  "A  True  Relation"  of  the  voyage  made  by  Captain  George  Way- 
mouth  to  the  coast  of  Maine,  in  1605,  written  by  James  Rosier,  a  "gentle- 
man employed  in  the  voyage,"  published  in  London  (1605) — Bath,  Me., 
reprint  1860. 

(c)  This  personage  is  described  by  the  early  writers  by  various  names, 
but  the  later  English  historians  have  generally  adopted  Bashaba. 

(d)  Rosier,  p.  25. 


THE  INDIAN  BASHABA  51 

will  to  stay  them  long  aboard,  least  they  should  discover  the  other 
savages  which  we  had  bestt)wcd  below.'*" 

*  *      *      * 

"We  were  no  sooner  come  aboard  our  light  horseman,  return- 
ing towards  our  ship,  but  we  espied  a  canoe  coming  from  the 
further  part  of  the  cod  of  the  river  eastward,  which  hasted  to  us 
wherein  with  two  others,  was  he  who  refused  to  stay  for  a  pawn  ; 
and  his  coming  was  very  earnestly  importing  to  have  one  of  our 
men  to  go  lie  on  shore  with  their  Bashabes  (who  was  there  on  shore 
as  they  signed)  and  then  the  next  morning  he  would  come  to  our 
ship  with  many  furs  and  tobacco. 

"This  we  perceived  to  be  only  a  mere  device  to  get  possession 
of  any  of  our  men,  to  ransom  all  those  which  we  had  taken,  which 
our  natural  policy  could  not  so  shadow,  but  we  did  easily  discover 
and  prevent.  These  means  were  by  this  savage  practiced,  because 
we  had  one  of  his  kinsmen  prisoner,  as  we  judged  b}'  his  most  kind 
usage  of  him  being  aboard  us  together.^" 

*  *      *      * 

"They  shew  great  reverence  to  their  king,  and  are  in  great 
subjection  to  their  governors:  and  they  will  shew  a  great  respect  to 
any  we  tell  them  are  our  commanders.^" 

*  *      *      * 

"One  especial  thing  is  their  manner  of  killing  the  whale, 
which  they  call  powdawe ;  and  will  describe  his  form ;  how  he 
bloeth  up  the  water;  and  that  he  is  twelve  fathoms  long;  and  that 
they  go  in  company  of  their  king  with  a  multitude  of  their  boats, 
and  strike  him  with  a  bone  made  in  fashion  of  a  harping  iron 
fastened  to  a  rope,  which  they  make  great  and  strong  of  the  bark 
of  trees,  which  they  veer  out  after  him  :  then  all  their  boats  come 
about  him,  and  as  he  riseth  above  water,  with  their  arrows  they 
shoot  him  to  death :  when  they  have  killed  him  and  dragged  him  to 
shore,  they  call  all  their  chief  lords  together,  and  sing  a  song  of 
joy;  and  those  chief  lords  whom  they  call  sagamores,  divide  the 
spoil,  and  give  to  every  man  a  share,  which  pieces  so  distributed, 
they  hang  up  about  their  houses  for  provision;  and  when  they  boil 


(a)  Rosier,  p.  30. 

(b)  lb.,  p.  33. 

(c)  lb.,  p.  39. 


52        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MALNE  HISTORY 

them,  they  blow  off  the  fat,  and  put  to  their  pease,  maize,  and 
other  pulse  which  they  eat.''*" 

This  last  statement  would  seem  to  indicate  beyond  doubt  that 
Rosier  understood  there  was  one  whom  the  Indians  regarded  much 
higher  in  power  than  their  "chief  lords  whom  they  call  sagamores," 
and  who  is  designated  by  him  and  other  eai'ly  writers  as  their  king. 

One  historical  fact  and  really  only  one  is  well  settled  and  that 
is  that  from  1615  to  1617  the  eastern  and  western  tribes  engaged 
in  a  fierce  war  which  resulted  in  the  death  of  the  Bashaba  and  the 
utter  demolition  of  his  confederacy  if  any  such  existed. 

In  the  event  that  the  eastern  tribes  were  at  some  time  under 
his  rule  or  paid  him  homage  in  some  form  it  is  presumable  that 
this  was  a  war  of  rebellion. 

AVhatever  may  have  been  his  supremity,  his  glory  or  his 
renown,  from  what  sources  they  originated  and  what  caused  his 
destruction  are  questions  of  mystery  now,  the  answers  to  which  are 
undoubtedly  forever  buried  in  the  oblivion  of  the  past. 


Vital  Statistics 

From  the  Early  Records  of  the  Town  of  IMonson 

Copy  of  Original  Records 

(Continued  from  April  number.) 

Rearths  and  deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famih'  of 
Benj.  Toben  and  Thirza,  his  wife. 

Births. 

Benjamin  Toben,  born  at  Buckfield  March  1-ith,  1792. 
Thirza  Toben,  wife  of  Benjamin  Toben,  born  at  Hartford,  Feby 
14th,    1797.      Eliza  Harriet    Tobin,  born    at  Hartford,   July  2d, 

1819.  lienjamin   Franklin  Toben,    born    at  Turner  March   13th, 

1820.  Charles  Toben,  born  at  Hartford  December  6th,  1821. 
Benjamin  Franklin  Toben,  born  at  Monson,  Sept.  14th,  1824. 
Mary  Wilton,  born  Feby  3,  1827.  Axel  Dearborn,  born  June 
16th,  1829. 

(a)     Rosier,  p.  39. 


VITAL  STATISTICS  53 

Deaths. 
Benjamin  Franklin  Tobin,  Died  at  Hartford  July  10th,  1822. 
Births  and  Deaths  which  happened  in   the  feniil}'  of  Samuel 
Thomas,  Jr.,  and  Mariah,  his  wife. 

Bearths. 
Samuel  Thomas,  Jr.,  born  March  29,  1805.      Mariah  Thomas, 
wife  of  Saml.    Thomas,   Jr.,    born  Sept.    20th,    1805.      Betsey  C. 
Thomas,  born  June  22d.  1828. 

Bearths  and  Deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  famih:  of 
Abel  Jewett  and  Abigail,  his  wife. 

Births. 

Abel  Jewett  born  October  22,  A.  D.  1802.  Abigail  Jewett, 
wife  of  Abel  Jewett,  born  December  9th,  1803.  William  Allen 
Jewett,  born  October  28th,  1827.  David  Frankling  Jewett,  born 
August  2d,  1829. 

Bearths  and  Deaths  which  have  happened  in  the  family  of 
Thomas  Towns  and  Anna,  his  wife. 

Births. 

Thomas  Townes  born  at  North  Yarmouth,  County  of  Cumber- 
land, then  District  of  Main,  January  l^th,  1788.  Anna  Parsons, 
wife  of  Thomas  Towns,  born  at  Hartford,  Count}^  of  Oxford, 
State  of  Maine,  March  12th,  A.  D.  1794.  Sylvina  Towns,  born 
January  2d,  A.  D.  1812.  Francisco  Fernando  Towns,  born  July 
22d,  A.  D.  1813.  James  Madison  Towns,  born  April  19th,  A. 
D.  1815.  Nancy  Towns  was  born  July  18th,  1817.  Harriet 
Towns  was  born  February  13,  A.  D.  1820.  Irene  Fmery  Towns 
was  born  June  29th,  A.  D.  1822,  Henry  Parsons  Towns,  born 
Feby.  23rd,  A.  D.  1824.  Simeon  Hall  Towns  was  born  June 
15th,  A.  D.  1826.  Wm.  Penn  Towns  was  born  Jany.  29th,  A. 
D.  1828.      All  of  the  above  children  born  in  Hartford. 

Births. 
Marshall  Safford,  Son  of  Amos  ik  Dorcas  Atkinson,  was  born 
November  15th,  1819.  Sjdney  Jones,  son  of  Amos  and  Dorcas 
Atkinson,  was  born  May  15th,  1822.  Stephen  Safford,  son  of 
Amos  &  Dorcas  Atkinson,  born  May  23d.  1825.  Alexander 
Greenwoods,    son   of    Amos   i'c   Dorcas   Atkinson,    born    April    15, 


5-i        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

1828.  Amos  Greenleaf,  son  of  Amos  &  Dorcas  Atkinson,  born 
April  15,  1828.  Celia  Ann,  Daughter  of  Amos  &  Dorcas  Atkin- 
soji,  born  March  11,  1830.  Sarah  Jane,  Daughter  of  Amos  ik 
Dorcas  Atkinson,  born  Jany.  6th,  183-1. 

Deaths. 

Marshall  Safford,  son  of  Amos  &  Dorcas  Atkinson,  died  Jan- 
uary 17th,  1820.      Aged  two  months  ik  two  days. 

Births 

of  the  children  of  Charles  V.  Ames. 
Ebeneze  D.  Ames  Born  Dec.  20,  1824.  Jane  G.  Ames  born 
February  13,  1827.  Addeson  M.  Ames,  Born  Nov.  14,  1828,  in 
Blanchard.  Mehituble  J.  Ames,  Born  Oct.  29,  1830,  in  Blanch- 
ard.  Dorcas  D.  Ames,  Born  Aug.  1832,  in  Monson.  Phineas 
Ames  Born  Sept.  7.  1834,  in  Monson.  Susannah  D.  Ames,  Born 
Feb.  15,  1837,  in  Monson.  Louis  S.  Ames,  Born  Feb.  15,  1839 
in  Monson.      A  true  record      Attest  P.  H.  Rice,  Town  Clerk. 

BiHTHS. 

Anne  Olive,  daughter  of  Cornelius  t*t  Anne  Barrows,  was 
*  *  *  *  August  26  th,  1823.  Amanda,  daughter  of  William  and 
Betsey  Bowker,  was  born  Sept.  24th,  1824.  Cornelius  Albert, 
son  of  Cornelius  and  Anne  Barrows,  was  born  August  23d,  1826. 
John  Stewart,  son  of  Cornelius  and  Anne  Barrows,  born  December 
20th,  1824.  AVilliam  Emerson,  son  of  William  and  Betsey 
Bowker,  born  Apl.  15th,  1829.  Sarah  Frances,  daughter  of 
Horatio  ^  Abigail  Barrett,  born  March  2nd,  1830. 

Deaths. 
Cyrus  Bray  died  November  27th,  1831,  A.  28  years.      Died. 
Sarah  Frances,   Daughter  of   Horatio   &   Abigail   Barrett,  August 
24,  1833,  A.  3  years,  5  months. 

Births. 

Lydia  Maria,  daughter  of  AVm.  Sc  Elizabeth  Bowker,  born 
February  8th,  1831.  Mary  Colton,  daughter  of  Joseph  & 
Sophronia  Booth,  born  April  24th,  1830.  Edwin,  Son  of  Joseph 
&  Sophronia  Booth,  born  November  27th,  1832.  Emily  Shaw, 
Daughter  of  Joseph  ik   Sophronia  Booth,  was  born  Nov.  8,  1834. 


VITAL  STATISTICS  55 

Alfred  E.,  Son  of  Joseph  ^:  Sophronia  Booth,  born  Jan.  14,  1839. 
A  true  Record.      Attest  P.  H.  Rice,  Town  Clerk. 

Stilman,  Son  of  Solomon  Bray,  Jr.,  &  Sybil  Bray  born  April 
21,  1840.  William  Henr\',  Son  of  Daniel  &  Mary  Briggs,  born 
August  21st,  1848.      Attest.      E.  Flint,  Town  Clerk. 

Births. 

Sumner,  Son  of  Solomon,  Junr.  &  Sybil  Bray,  was  born  19 
Nov.  1833.  Lydia  Emily,  Daughter  of  Freeman  &  Martilla  Bray, 
born  Oct.  13,  1828.  Henry  Freeman,  Son  of  Freeman  ^  Martilla 
Bray,  was  born  Oct.  24th,  1831.  Melissa  Ann,  Daughter  of 
Freeman  8c  Martilla  Bray,  was  born  Oct.  6th,  1835.  Cyrus,  Son 
of  Solomon,  Jr.,  &  Sibbyl  Bray,  Born  April  22,  1836.  A  true 
Record,  Attest.      P.  H.  Rice,  Town  Clerk. 

Howard,  Son  of  Solomon,  Juni-.  &  Sibbyl  Bray,  Born  April 
21,  1838.      A  true  Record.      Attest.      P.  H.  Rice.  Town  Clerk. 

Births. 

Thomas  Barns,  Son  of  Joshua  &  Lovisa  Buck,  Born  Nov.  5, 
1824.  Mary  Louisa,  Daughter  of  Joshua  &  Lovisa  Buck,  Born 
Aug.  14,  1827.  Sarah  Lovisa,  Daughter  of  Joshua  &  Lovisa 
Buck  born  Oct.  9,  1829.  Silas  M.  Son  of  Joshua  8c  Lovisa  Buck, 
born  Jany.  26,  1832.  Francis  Hayford,  son  of  Axcil  H.  M:  Ann 
E.  Bray,  was  born  July  3,  1842  A  true  record.  Attest.  James 
Bell,  Town  Clerk. 

Deaths. 

Died,  Silas,  Son  of  Joshua  &  Lovisa  Buck,  Feby  15,  1832. 
Aged  19  years. 

(To  be  continued. ) 


In  1852  the  late  Honorable  Joseph  W.  Porter  (Wayfarer)  received  the 
following  letter  from  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 
"Dear  Sir: 

"My  terms  for  a  lecture  where  I  stay  over  night  are  these:  Fifteen 
dollars  for  my  expenses;  a  room  with  a  fire  in  it,  in  a  public  house,  and  a 
mattress  to  sleep  on,  not  a  feather  bed. 

"As  you  write  in  your  individual  capacity,  I  tell  you  at  once  all  my 
habitual  exigencies.  I  am  afraid  to  sleep  in  a  cold  room,  I  can't  sleep  on  a 
feather  bed,  I  will  not  go  to  private  houses,  and  I  have  fixed  on  the  sum 
mentioned  as  what  it  is  worth  to  me  to  go  away  for  the  night  to  places  that 
cannot  pay  more. 

Yours  truly, 

0.  W.  HOLMES." 


56         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Champlain's  Visit  to  the  Penobscot 

B}'  Fannie  Hardy  Eckstorm 

[This  paper  summarizes  two  talks  by  Mrs.  Eckstorm,  "The  Identi- 
fication of  Champlain's  Landing-place  at  Bangor,"  given  March  18,  1913, 
before  the  Bangor  Historical  Society,  and  "Proving-up  Champlain's 
Statements,"  May  13,  1913,  before  the  Bangor  Teachers  Club.] 

At  Mount  Desert,  September  7,  1604,  Champlain   met  some 

Indians  from  the  Penobscot  whom  he  engaged  as  guides  "into  their 

river  of  Peimtgouet  so  called  of  them,  where  they  told  us  was  their 

captain  named   Bessabez,    chief    of   that    place."      He  met  delays 

and  no  date  is  given  until  the  council    at  Kenduskeag,    September 

16,  1604,  leaving  nine  da3's  unaccounted  for.      The  object  of  this 

paper  is  to  identify  Champlain's  landing-place  at  Bangor,  and  the 

site  of  the  council,  and  to  make  out  the  chronology  of  his  trip  from 

the  time  he  entered  the  river  Penobscot  proper. 

"But  to  return  to  the  continuation  of  our  route.  Entering  into 
the  river  there  are  beautiful  islands,  which  are  very  agreeable, 
with  lovely  broad  meadows.  We  were  at  one  place  where  the 
savages  guided  us  which  was  not  more  than  a  half  of  a  quarter  of 
a  league  in  breadth  and  at  some  two  hundred  paces  from  the 
western  shore  there  is  a  rock,  which  is  level  with  the  water,  which 
is  dangerous.  From  there  to  the  High  Island  is  fifteen  leagues. 
And  from  that  narrow  place  (which  is  the  least  in  width  that  we 
found)  after  having  made  some  seven  or  eight  leagues,  we  came 
upon  a  little  river,  near  which  it  was  necessary  to  let  go  the  anchor, 
inasmuch  as  before  us  we  saw  there  a  multitude  of  rocks,  which  lie 
bare  at  low  water,  and  also  as,  when  we  would  have  wished  to  pass 
farther  on,  we  could  hardly  have  made  half  a  league  on  account  of 
a  waterfall  which  is  there,  which  comes  in  a  slope  of  some  seven  or 
eight  feet,  which  I  saw  going  in  a  canoe  with  the  savages  whom  we 
had,  and  we  found  there  of  water  only  enough  for  a  canoe.  But 
beyond  the  fall,  which  is  some  two  hundred  paces  in  breadth,  the 
river  is  beautiful  and  continues  to  be  even  to  the  place  where  we 
dropped  anchor.  I  went  on  shore  to  see  the  country,  and  going 
hunting  I  found  it  very  pleasing  and  agreeable  whatever  direction  I 
took.  It  seems  as  if  the  oaks  there  might  have  been  planted  for 
pleasure.  I  saw  a  few  spruces  but  very  many  pines  on  one  side  of 
the  river,  all  oaks  on  the  other,  and  some  undergrowth  which  ex- 
tended far  away  into  the  country.  And  I  will  say  that  since  our 
entry  where  we  were,  which  is  about  twenty-five  leagues,  we  saw 
not  a  single  town  nor  village   nor   the   appearance   of  one  having 


CHAMPLAIN'S  VISIT  TO  THP:  PENOBSCOT 


been  there,  but  only  one  or  two  huts  of  the  savages  where  there 
was  nobody. " 

"But  I  will  leave  this  discourse  [about  Norumbega]  to  return  to 
the  savages  who  had  led  me  to  the  falls  of  the  river  of  Norumbega, 
who  went  to  warn  Bessabez,  their  chief,  and  other  savages  who 
went  on  another  little  river  to  warn  their  chief  named  Cabahis, 
and  to  give  them  notice  of  our  arrival. 

'  'The  16th  of  the  month  there  came  to  us  some  thirty  savages 
upon  the  assurance  that  those  gave  them  who  had  served  us  as 
guides.  Came  also  said  Bessabez  to  find  us  that  same  day  with  six 
canoes.  As  soon  as  the  savages  who  were  on  land  saw  him  arrive 
they  all  began  to  sing,  dance  and  leap,  until  he  had  set  foot  on  land; 
then  afterwards  they  all  seated  themselves  in  a  circle  on  the  ground, 
following  their  custom  when  they  wish  to  make  some  speech  or 
festivity.  A  little  later  arrived  Cabahis,  the  other  chief,  with 
twenty  or  thirty  of  his  companions,  who  withdrew  to  one  side  and 
greatly  rejoiced  at  seeing  us,  inasmuch  as  it  was  the  first  time  they 
had  seen  Christians.  Some  time  afterward  I  went  on  land  with  two 
of  my  companions  and  two  of  our  savages  who  served  us  as  inter- 
preters, and  gave  orders  to  those  of  our  vessel  to  approach  near 
the  savages  and  to  hold  their  arms  ready  in  order  to  do  their  duty  if 
they  should  perceive  any  uprising  of  these  people  against  us. 
Bessabez,  seeing  us  on  shore,  made  us  be  seated  and  began  to 
smoke  with  his  companions,  as  they  ordinarily  do  before  making 
their  speeches.     They   made  us   a  present  of  venison   and  game. 

"I  said  to  our  interpreter  that  he  should  tell  our  savages  that 
they  should  make  Bessabez,  Cabahis  and  their  companions  under- 
stand that  the  Sieur  De  Monts  had  sent  me  into  their  neighborhood 
to  see  them  and  their  country  also,  and  that  he  wished  to  hold  them 
in  friendship  and  to  put  them  in  accord  with  the  Souriquois  and  the 
Canadians,  their  enemies,  and  moreover  that  he  wished  to  dwell  in 
their  land  and  to  show  them  how  to  cultivate  it  in  order  that  they 
should  no  longer  drag  out  so  miserable  a  life  as  they  do,  and  some 
other  matters  in  keeping  with  the  subject.  Which  our  savages 
made  them  understand.  With  which  they  showed  themselves  to  be 
very  content,  saying  that  no  greater  good  could  befall  them  than  to 
have  our  friendship  and  they  hoped  that  we  would  inhabit  their 
country  and  [they  hoped]  to  live  at  peace  with  their  enemies  so  that 
in  the  future  they  might  go  hunting  beavers  more  than  they  had  ever 
done  in  order  for  us  to  have  a  part  of  them  [in  return]  for  supplying 
themselves  with  things  necessary  for  their  use.  After  he  had 
finished  his  speech,  I  made  them  a  present  of  hatchets,  rosaries, 
caps,  knives  and  other  trifles.  Afterward  we  separated  from  each 
other. 

"All  the  rest  of  the  day  and  the  night  following,  they  did  noth- 
ing but  dance,  sing  and  make  good  cheer,  awaiting  the  day,  on 
which  we  traded  for  a  certain  number  of  beavers,  and  after  that 
each  one  took  his  leave,  Bessabez  in  his  direction  and  we  in  ours, 
well  satisfied  at  having  an  acquaintance  with  these  people. 


58         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

"The  17th  of  the  month  I  took  the  sun  and  found  45  degrees 
and  25  minutes  of  latitude.  This  done  we  departed  to  go  to  another 
river  called  Quinibequy  [Kennebec]." 

This  is  the  full  text  of  Ch;iniplain"s  account  of  his  Penobscot 
visit,  (oirnttint>'  only  his  digressions),  translated  dii"ectly  from  the 
original  and  carefully  conijiared  with  it. 

Imperfect  instruments  or  a  bad  chronometer  made  his  latitude 
a  little  too  high,  the  line  of  forty-five  degrees  passing  through  Old 
Town  about  twelve  miles  to  the  north.  He  gives  no  chronology  of 
his  trip  from  the  date  of  September  7th  at  Mt.  Desert  till  Sep- 
tember 16th,  the  date  of  the  council  at  Bangor.  The  year  of  his 
visit  is  often,  perhaps  usually,  given  wrong;  it  was  1604,  not 
1605. 

The  topography  of  Champlain's  narrative  is  not  hard  to 
follow.  His  Isle  au  Haulte  has  always  retained  its  original  name, 
and  with  the  dwellers  coast-wise  its  old  pronunciation,  which  un- 
happily the  modernized  Isle  au  Haut  has  made  provincial.  The 
narrows  of  the  river  are  Rucksport  Narrows,  the  falls  were  Treat's 
Falls,  now  submerged  by  the  AVater-works  Dam  at  Bangor. 
Kades(|uit,  the  name  given  in  his  day  to  the  little  river  he 
anchored  near,  anal3-zes  into  good  Indian,  Eel  Place,  and  this  is 
precisely  the  meaning  given  to  Kenduskeag  by  Willis  (Me.  Hist. 
Coll.,  V.  IV),  and  others.  Mr.  P.  H.  Vose  of  Bangor  has  substanti- 
ated the  derivation  by  reporting  that  an  old  Indian  had  told  him 
that  formerly  great  quantities  of  large  eels  used  to  be  taken  by 
his  peoj)le  in  eel  traps  set  at  the  first  rapids  where  the  old  post- 
office,    burned    recently,    used    to    stand. 

The  only  points  upon  which  authorities  have  differed  are  his 
"rocher  a  fleur  d'eau"  and  his  place  of  anchorage. 

Judge  Godfi'ey  thought  that  the  "rock  level  with  the  water"  was 
Fort  Point  Ledge,  and  that  the  landing  was  made  at  the  foot  of 
Newbury  Street  about  opposite  a^ half-tide  ledgy  islet  vvhich  appears 
near  there  and  which  has  been  called  "the  Rocks  of  Champlain. " 
Neither  supposition  is  defensible.  Champlain's  course,  up  the 
eastern  coast,  took  him  out  of  the  range  of  Fort  Point  Ledge, 
while  the  distances  from  Isle  au  Haulte  and  Treat's  Falls  show 
conclusively  that  Odem's  Ledge,  near  the  foot  of  Verona  Island, 
must  have  been  meant;  that  is,  fifteen  leagues  (sailing  course)  from 


CHAMPLAIN'S  VISIT  TO  THE  PExNOBSCOT  59 

Isle  au  Haulte,    or  forty-one    and    one-half   miles,  brings  us  very 

close  to  Odem's   Ledge,  while  eight  leagues,  twenty- two 

tenth  miles,  from  there  is  almost  the  precise  distance  by  government 
charts  to  JJangor  liridge;  or,  seven  leagues  from  the  head  of  the 
narrows  gives  us  the  same  thing.  A  French  league  at  that  time 
was  2. 764  English  statute,  not  nautical,  miles,  which  we  do  well  to 
bear  in  mind  in  determining  Champlain's  distances.  Therefore  his 
"depuis  ce  lieu  estroict  ....  faict  quelque  7.  ou  8.  lieues"  is  good 
reckoning. 

That  the  so-called  "Rocks  of  Champlain*'  are  misnamed  is 
also  revealed  bv  the  text.  They  can  in  no  wise  be  described  as 
"quantite  de  rochers, "'  and  the}'  are  considerably  less  than  the 
"demye  lieue"  from  the  falls.  Half  a  French  league  from  the 
present  dam,  measured  on  the  latest  government  charts,  brings  us 
almost  precisely  to  the  present  Bangor  traffic  bridge  to  Brewer. 
We  must  remember  that  Cham  plain  was  an  expert  cartographer 
unlikely  to  make  an  error  of  practically  one  third  the  distance  in 
measuring  half  a  league,  particularly  when,  as  we  know,  he  had 
passed  over  the  space.  As  we  know  that  from  the  Bangor  bridge 
up  to  Treat's  Falls  on  the  Bangor  side  of  the  river  there  was,  and 
still  is  much  shoal  ground,  which  in  those  days  showed  many  rocks 
since  removed  on  account  of  the  lumber  traffic  there,  we  may  rest 
assured  that  his  "quantite  de  rochers,"  very  many  rocks,  was 
explicit  and  warranted.  It  seems  most  likely  that  he  was  sailing 
up  along  the  Bangor  shore  to  look  into  the  "little  river"  Kendus- 
keag,  when  he  found  himself  confronted  by  this  extensive  shoal 
gi'ound,  which  reaches  out  to  the  middle  of  the  river,  the  central 
pier  of  the  bridge  resting  upon  a  considerable  islet,  visible  at  low 
water.  Either  he  did  not  notice  how  the  current  cuts  across  there 
from  the  Brewer  shore,  or  else  he  was  satisfied  with  the  anchorage 
under  the  high  rocky  bluff  at  the  foot  of  Oak  Street,  (removed 
since  1870  by  the  railroad,)  and  decided  to  remain  there.  No 
doubt,  too,  his  Indian  guides  pointed  out  to  him  that  it  was  the 
nearest  possible  approach  to  their  Indian  village  on  the  Kendus- 
keag.  At  least,  the  space  between  Pine  and  Oak  Streets  is  half  a 
league  precisely  from  Treat's  Falls  and  if  we  go  above  it  we  are 
exceeding  the  text. 

Secondarily  this  spot  answered   perfectly   to  his  description  of 


60         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

a  place  where  the  oaks  were  lar^e  and  beautiful,  and  well  might  he 
sav:  "II  senible  que  les  chesnes  qui  y  sont  ayent  este  plantez  par 
plaisir. "'  There  is  abundant  evidence  of  early  date  to  show  that 
the  whole  east  side  of  Bangor  abounded  in  noble  oaks.  We  need 
mention  only  the  Liberty  Oak,  which  Williamson's  Annals  saAS 
was  "the  largest  oak  in  the  neighborhood;"  it  stood  "not  far  from 
where  the  westerly  end  of  the  Bangor  Bridge  now  is. ' '  The  Reverend 
Seth  Noble,  in  1T86,  "was  installed  under  some  ancient  oaks  near 
the  corner  of  Oak  and  Washington  Streets,'"  according  to  Judge 
(xodfrey,  who  cites  the  Reverend  Daniel  Little's  contemporary  state- 
ment that  there  were  here  "a  large  number  of  shading  oaks."  If 
Champlain  landed  at  Oak  Street  his  first  step  ashore  took  him  into 
preciselv  the  surroundings  he  described.  The  openness  of  the 
growth  here  may  be  attributed  in  part  to  the  oak  thriving  on  this 
rocky  headland,  but  even  more  to  the  Indian  custom  of  clearing  out 
all  undergrowth  about  their  camping  spots  that  enemies  might  not 
steal  upon  them  unawares.  This  promontory, — and  I  can  myself  re- 
member when  it  was  in  reality  a  promontory,  high,  steep,  extend- 
ing well  out  into  the  river  over  the  whole  space  now  occupied  by 
the  railroad  yard, — was  like  a  watch-tower  which  commanded  the 
river  l)oth  up  and  down  and  served  to  defend  the  village  on  the 
stream  from  surprise. 

We  may  also  infer  from  what  we  know  of  Indian  customs  and 
the  lay  of  the  land  that  the  conference  took  place  near  here.  The 
Indian  village  was  on  the  easterly  bank  of  Kenduskeag  Stream  very 
neai-  where  the  Penobscot  Exchange  now  stands.  Old  traditions 
establish  this;  and  not  less  does  the  topograph}-.  This  location 
gave  them  the  sun  all  day,  protection  from  the  north  wind,  good 
deep  loam  for  their  maize,  a  good  landing-place  for  their  canoes, 
and  what  they  must  have  in  any  winter  camp,  a  great  spring  of 
water;  for  in  winter  Indians,  having  no  implements  for  cutting  ice, 
had  to  get  their  water  from  springs  whose  warmth  kept  them 
perpetually  open.  Molly  Molasses,  who  died  in  1867  at  the  age  of 
ninety-two,  told  my  grandfather  that  in  her  girlhood,  before  the 
white  people  came  in  numbers,  the  Indians  used  always  to  camp 
"b}^  big  sprin'  where  camp  um  Abram."  She  referred  to 
Abram  Woodward,  proprietor  of  the  Penobscot  Exchange,  "his 
camp,"  which  is  built  upon  or  very  near  the  old  spring.      She  said 


CHAMPLAIN'S  VISIT  TO  THE  PENOHSCOT  61 

that  in  winter  they  hunted  moose  on  Thomas's  Hill,  near  the  water- 
tower,  and  in  the  fall  they  went  up  the  Kenduskeag  for  their 
winter's  supply  of  meat.  This  oral  tradition  is  borne  out  by  the 
written  statement  of  Jacob  Holyoke,  born  in  Brewer  1785. 

While  we  might  expect  that  during  this  council  with  Cham- 
plain  the  Indians  would  come  back  to  this  favorite  campground, 
the  pr()l)abi)ities  point  to  the  actual  council  and  dance  being  held 
not  upon  the  site  of  the  Exchange  but  toward  the  foot  of  Ex- 
change Street,  at  the  nearest  point  to  the  junction  with  ^V'ashington 
Street  which  would  afford  a  level  space  of  loam  free  from  rocks, 
offering  a  good  view  of  Champlain's  vessel.  The  ledges  at  the  foot 
of  Oak  Street  were  much  too  rough  and  broken  for  this  carousal  of 
sixty  or  seventy  savages.  The  landing-place  at  the  foot  of  York 
Street,  unquestionably  their  preferred  landing  for  canoes,  because 
there  the  shore  was  hard  while  just  above  were  the  rapids,  was  out 
of  sight  of  the  strange  white  visitors. 

We  know,  by  analogy  of  all  our  streams,  that  the  Kendus- 
keag  must  have  had  a  bar  across  the  mouth  of  it,  which  would  have 
prevented  Champlain's  vessel  going  up  it,  just  as  we  know  by  both 
analogy  and  tradition  that  "City  Point,"  where  the  station  now 
is,  was  once  reall\-  a  point.  The  end  of  it  has  been  dug  away 
and  what  is  left  has  been  built  up  on  timbers  so  that  all  outside 
the  street  lines  is  made  ground ;  but  in  those  early  days  there 
must  have  been  a  long  low,  grass}',  alluvial  point,  thrown  up  by 
the  meeting  of  the  two  converging  currents,  making  out  from  the 
hard  shore  on  the  up-stream  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag. 
It  would  bear  scattered  elms  and  black  ashes  and  on  the  river  side 
of  it  near  where  it  joined  the  hard  shore,  would  be  a  landing-place 
for  canoes.  It  is  clear  that  Champlain,  distrusting  the  Indians, 
ordered  most  of  his  men  to  sta}'  on  board  ship,  but  to  work  the 
vessel  down  to  a  point  where  with  their  side  arms  they  could 
command  this  council  and  dance.  He  says  that  he  took  but  two 
Frenchmen  and  two  interpi-eters  ashore  with  him  "&  donne  charge 
a  ceux  de  nostre  barque  d'approcher  pres  des  sauuages,  &  tenir 
leurs  armes  prestes  pour  faire  leur  deuoir  s'ils  aper^euoient  quelque 
esmotion  de  ces  peuples  contre  nous."  Unless  the  whole  con- 
vocation took  place  at  the  campground  on  the  Brewer  side  just 
below  the  bridge,  this  spot  at  the  junction  of  Exchange  and  Wash- 


62         SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

in<j;ton  Streets  is  the  only  place  where  conditions  he  laj's  down 
coidd  have  been  met.  AMiether  the  precise  spot  were  not  nearer 
the  present  freight  house  depends  upon  how  much  the  land  there 
has  been  cut  and  filled;  it  was  certainly  not  more  than  a  musket 
shot  from  some  safe  anchorage  for  the  vessel,  which  puts  it  a 
trifle  above  City  Point. 

The  second  problem  in  this  study  of  Champlain's  visit  is  to 
reconstruct,  if  we  can,  the  chronology  of  his  trip.  This  is  an 
interesting  and  a  fascinating  undertaking.  How  many  of  the  nine 
unknown  days  was  he  up  the  Penobscot  ?  ^Vhat  was  he  doing  on 
each  ?  ^Vhat  was  the  weather  ?  Where  were  the  Indians  ?  AVas 
he  more  than  one  day  in  going  either  up  or  down  ?  Just  as  the 
paUeologists  from  a  single  bone  of  a  prehistoric  creature  can  draw  a 
monster,  which,  accurate  or  not,  satisfies  our  imaginations,  so  from 
this  concise  narrative  of  Champlain's  we  can  build  up  a  story  which 
may  or  may  not  be  the  actual  fact,  but  which  makes  a  consistent 
explanation  of  the  gap  in  the  original.  It  is  offered  only  as  a 
tour  dc  force,  but  it  may  serve  to  illuminate  somewhat  Champlain's 
narrative  and  to  substantiate  some  of  his  statements. 

AMiat  can  we  learn  concerning  the  passage  up  the  river  ? 
Scanning  Champlain's  narrative  critically  we  see  that  his  vessel 
passed  Odem's  Ledge  about  two  hours  before  high  water.  He  says: 
"Et  {\  quelques  deux  cens  pas  de  la  terre  de  Touest  y'a  vn  rocher 
a  fleur  d'eau,  qui  est  dangereux. "  His  distance  is  too  small,  show- 
ing that  he  sighted  it  against  the  high  land  behind  it,  therefore 
that  he  himself  went  up  to  the  eastward.  That  the  rock — and  we 
note  that  he  says  "rocher,"  a  high,  single  rock,  not  "recif, "  a 
reef,  nor  "chaine  de  rochers, ""'  a  ledge,  showing  that  he  knew  noth- 
ing of  its  character — that  the  rock  was  just  awash,  shows  the  time 
qf  tide.  That  he  did  not  correct  his  error  on  his  return  most 
likely  indicates  that  he  passed  with  the  tide  at  the  same  level  or 
higher.  This  is  the  key  to  the  whole  problem.  Odem's  Ledge 
(and  by  the  way  Odem's  is  an  early  corruption  of  Oldham's) 
becomes  our  clock  to  mark  the  hours.  A  steamboat  captain  tells 
me  that  Odem's  first  shows  above  water  when  the  tide  is  three  feet 
down ;  as  they  have  just  a  trifle  over  ten  feet  average  tide  there — 
against  an  average  of  13.1,  (that  is  from  twelve  to  fourteen  feet 
according  to  the  moon),  at  Bangor,  — we  may  say  that  the  tide  is 


CHAMPLAIN'S  VISIT  TO  THE  PENOBSCOT  63 

two  hours  (or  one  third  of  six  hours)  down  when  Odem's  shows. 
Therefore  Chaniplain  saw  this  led;^'e  when  the  tide  was  four  liours 
on  the  Hood  or  two  on  the  shick.  \Vhic'h  ?  There  is  no  need  to  ask 
the  question.  He  had  Indian  guides.  In  those  days  no  Indian 
would  ever  have  tried  to  pull  a  canoe  against  the  rush  of  tide 
through  Bucksport  NaiTOW'S  unless  his  worst  enemy  was  close 
behind  him.  The  tide  was  his  servant — -provided  he  would  wait 
for  it.  We  may  rest  entirely  sure  that  the  Indians  would  have 
held  Chaniplain  back  on  one  pretext  or  another  until  the  tide  was 
with  them.  For  two  hours,  therefore,  Champlain  had  wind  and 
tide  with  him;  after  that  the  tide  was  adverse  and  the  current 
also.  It  is  not  too  much  to  allow  him  eight  hours  to  sail  from 
Odem's  Ledge  to  Bangor,  twenty-three  miles,  over  an  unknown 
river,  with  rocks,  shoals  and  currents  uncharted  and  no  pilot  but 
an  Indian  whose  only  idea  of  navigation  was  the  requirements  of  a 
canoe  drawing  eight  inches  of  water  when  loaded.  But  he  had  a 
bi'eeze,  a  heavA'  "smoky  sou'wester,*"  we  can  well  believe,  such  as 
drives  up  here  at  that  season,  rolling  the  fog  up  with  him,  pi-omis- 
ing  storm  but  fair  for  his  purposes  for  the  day. 

How  do  we  know  that  the  weather  was  lowering  ?  By  the 
haste  he  made  to  explore  the  country  ahead  of  him.  And  here  we 
have  to  recollect  that  the  tide  at  Bangor  is  an  hour  later  than  it  is 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  We  will  surmize  that  he  passed 
Odem's  at  nine  in  the  morning,  high  water  there  at  eleven,  but  not 
low  water  at  Bangor  until  about  six  at  night.  If  Champlain  came 
to  anchor  at  five  o'clock  after  his  eight  hours'  run,  he  would  still 
have  time  before  dark  to  push  ahead  in  a  canoe  and  see  the  falls 
half  a  league  away.  AVe  know  the  time  of  tide  when  he  arrived 
by  his  telling  us  about  the  multitude  of  rocks,  "qui  descouurent  de 
basse  mer,"  and  his  telling  us  that  "allant  dedaiis  vn  canau"  to  see 
the  falls,  "n'y  trouuasmes  de  I'eau  que  pour  vn  canau,"  we  found 
only  enough  water  for  a  canoe.  We  know  it  also  by  his  descrip- 
tion of  the  falls,  "vn  sault  d'eau  qu'il  y  a,  (lui  vient  en  talus  de 
qualque  7.  a  8.  pieds, "  which  comes  in  a  slope  of  seven  or  eight 
feet.  Now  that  was  just  about  the  height  of  Trent's  Falls  at  dead 
low  water.  At  high  tide  they  were  flowed  out  entirely.  Cham- 
plain would  have  run  his  vessel  aground  upon  them  at  high  tide 
before  he  saw  them.      This  may  be  pro\ed   by   study  of  maps,  the 


64         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

present  dam  of  fourteen  feet  not  only  covering  the  f!\lls  but  flowing 
out  rapids  nearly  four  miles  above  them  ;  all  our  older  citizens  can 
testify  to  this.  There  is  no  question  whatever  but  Champlain 
saw  those  falls  at  low  water;  nor  that  he  passed  Odem's  Ledge  two 
hours  from  high  water.  AMth  a  good  southwest  wind  behind  him 
it  was  just  a  ftxir  day's  work  to  make  the  run,  examine  the  falls  and 
get  back  to  his  vessel  before  dark,  ready  for  a  storm  on  the 
morrow.  Let  us  for  an  hypothesis  call  this  day  the  14th  of  Sep- 
tember, 

The  next  day  would  be  September  15th.  This  day  he  sends 
out  his  Indians  to  find  the  chiefs ;  he  himself  lands  and  goes  hunt- 
ing ;  probably  it  did  not  rain  or  he  would  not  have  gone  hunting 
and  spoken  so  flatteringly  of  our  woods.  His  Indians  went  in 
different  directions,  some  by  implication  up  the  Kenduskeag  and 
"d'autres  sauuages  qui  allerent  en  vne  autre  petite  riuiere*"  by 
another  little  river,  to  warn  Cabahis.  We  observe  that  Bessabez, 
the  Bashaba  of  the  English,  probably  up  the  Kenduskeag  on  the 
best  hunting  grounds,  is  the  first  to  arrive.  Cabahis  may  have 
been  up  at  Hines's  Pond,  or  on  Great  Works  or  Pushaw,  all  hunt- 
ing grounds.  None  of  these  parties  came  in  until  the  next  day, 
the  16th.  This  does  not  mean  that  they  were  far  away.  It  means 
that  the  news  of  these  strange  men  in  their  strange  boat  was 
so  wonderful  that  they  had  to  hold  a  council  to  talk  it  all  over  and 
make  up  their  minds.  It  would  take  them  many  hours  to  make  up 
their  minds  to  go  and  see  such  a  wonder.  Perhaps  it  rained  that 
night,  but  more  likely  it  continued  lowering. 

The  16th  of  the  month  came  in  thirty  Indians,  then  Bessabez 
with  six  canoes, — that  is,  twelve  or  fifteen  more  men,  but  not  over 
twenty, — and  then  Cabahis  with  twenty  or  thirty  more.  Champlain 
does  not  know  the  number.  They  were  getting  so  thick  that  it 
was  hard  to  count  them.  There  follows  the  council,  the  all  night 
dance  and  next  morning  the  barter  for  beaver  skins.  But  in  the 
night  the  weather  has  changed ;  it  has  faired  up,  they  get  a  smart 
breeze  from  the  north  or  northwest,  just  right  to  take  them  down 
river,  and  no  doubt  Champlain  is  eager  to  get  off*  with  the  morning 
wind  and  tide.  Is  it  that  lie  waits  to  trade  with  the  Indians  ? 
Not  at  all ;  he  might  ha\  e  done  that  with  despatch.  He  has  to 
wait  till  noon  to  take  an  observation  of  the  sun.      It  is  absolutely 


CHAMPLAIN'S  VISIT  TO  THE  PENOBSCOT  65 

essential  to  his  map-making-  to  establish  his  latitude,  and  that  he 
did  not  do  it  on  the  day  after  his  arrival  or  the  next  proxes  con- 
clusively that  he  had  overcast  weather,  which  goes  far  to  establish 
the  southwest  wind  which  we  assumed.  "Ce  faict  nous  partismes 
pour  aller  a  vne  autre  riuiere. "'  It  is  the  last  thing-  they  do  before 
leaving. 

That  is,  they  weighed  anchor  at  noon  of  the  17th  after  two 
full  days  at  Bangor.  Again  we  must  consult  our  tides  to  see  how- 
it  is  that  they  pass  Odem's  without  seeing  more  than  they  did  on 
the  14th,  provided  that  was  the  day.  Working  "})v  rule  of 
thumb,"  since  there  are  no  tide  tables  so  far  back,  they  ought  to 
have  high  water  today  at  Bangor  at  three  o'clock,  and  at  Odem's  at 
two  o'clock.  But  they  have  wind  and  current  with  them  to  offset 
the  tide,  and  they  know  the  way ;  the}'  will  make  much  better  head- 
way than  they  did  in  coming  up.  A  little  after  two  o'clock  they 
begin  to  get  the  tide  also  and  when  they  go  down  through  the  narrows 
at  Bucksport  it  is  with  both  breeze  and  a  racing-  current  to  carry  them 
along.  Will  they  get  past  Odem's  Ledge  before  four  o'clock  while 
it  is  still  just  "a  fleur  d'eau  ?*'  Can  they  make  those  twenty-three 
miles  in  scant  four  hours  ?  If  they  can  then  they  probably  came 
up  the  river  on  the  14th  of  September  with  the  tide  just  about  as 
we  have  set  it,  provided  that  the  moon  was  well  out  of  the  way. 
And  I  think  that  on  the  13th  Champlain  had  sailed  from  Isle  au 
Haulte  somewhere  to  the  Dotian  Shore  abo\e  Castine ;  for  he  seems 
to  know  just  how  far  that  island  is  from  Odem's  Ledge,  "fifteen 
leagues,"  says  he. 

In  a  recent  letter  to  Mrs.  Eckstorm,  Prof.  W.  F.  Ganong,  editor  of  the 
New  England  Section  of  the  Definitive  Edition  of  Champlain's  Works,  now 
in  publication,  says: 

"You  are  entirely  correct  about  the  date  of  Champlain's  visit  to  Ban- 
gor; it  was  1604.  They  came  to  Acadia  in  May,  settled  on  St.  Croix  Island 
in  late  June  and  as  soon  as  matters  were  fixed  there,  Champlain  started  to 
explore  southward— started  Sept.  2  from  St.  Croix  Island.  The  next  year, 
1605,  he  went  with  De  Monts  as  far  as  Nauset  near  Cape  Cod,  but  the  ship 
passed  Penobscot  Bay  without  entering  the  river,  and  he  did  the  same  on  his 
third  trip  in  1606.  The  truth  is  that  some  commentators  have  confused  the 
first  and  second  trips,  or  rather,  as  they  covered  much  the  same  ground, 
have  tried  to  combine  them,  and  hence,  1605  being  the  date  of  the  longer 
expedition  has  been  assumed  as  that  of  the  Penobscot  visit.  But  Bangor 
was  visited  in  1604. "  -  [  Ed.  ] 


66        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Wayfarer's  Notes 


[The  late  Hon.  Joseph  W.  Porter  of  Bangor,  from  1885  to  1893,  pub- 
lished "The  Bangor  Historical  Magazine,"  and  after  its  discontinuance  and 
for  a  few  years  prior  to  his  decease,  he  contributed  to  the  Bangor  Commer- 
cial a  series  of  exceedingly  valuable  papers  relating  to  the  early  history  of 
eastern  Maine. 

These  were  all  written  by  Mr.  Porter  and  published  under  the  nom  de 
plume  of  "Wayfarer"  and  known  as  "Wayfarer's  Notes." 

Like  all  of  his  historical  research  these  notes  are  of  inestimable  value 
for  their  accuracy  and  the  care  with  which  they  were  prepared. 

By  courtesy  of  Mr.  Samuel  L.  Boardman,  a  former  well  known  editorial 
writer  of  Bangor  and  Augusta  newspapers,  we  have  been  able  to  secure 
copies  of  them  and  shall  hereafter  publish  these  notes  in  future  editions  of 
the  Journal,  believing  that  they  will  be  one  of  its  features  that  will  be  highly 
appreciated  and  prized  by  our  readers.] 


Notes  of  the  Early  Histoiy  of  the  Catholic  Church  in 

Eastern  Maine 

Champlain  found  the  Indians  here;  the  first  of  which  I  find 
any  record  of  on  Penobscot  River.  He  had  many  conferences  with 
them,  and  like  a  good  Catholic  he  taught  them  how  to  live  as 
Christians  live,  they  having  never  seen  any  before. 

This  was  the  first  Christian  missionary  work  in  New  England, 
in  what  is  now  Bangor  or  Brewer,  a  fact  which  the  historians 
have  overlooked. 

The  Indians  gave  Champlain  venison  and  among  other  things 
he  gave  them  "pater-nosters. " 

From  the  time  160t^  to  the  present  the  Indians  have  been 
Catholics  and  never  "without  the  sign''  although  they  may  have 
been  without  priests  at  times. 

In  1606  another  expedition  came  over  which  was  a  failure. 
In  1611  a  third  expedition  came  but  from  some  cause  returned  to 
France,  leaving  two  priests,  Fr.  Pierre  Biard  and  Fr,  Enemond 
Masse  at  Fort  Royal,  Nova  Scotia.  These  priests  determined  to 
find  a  location  for  a  Christian  town,  and  while  voyaging  along  the 
coast  of  Maine,  they  came  to  Penobscot  river,  and  followed  it  up 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  67 

to  Kadesjuit  (now  Bangor),  where  they  found  the  h)cation  the}' 
wanted  and  determined  to  hicate  here.  They  also  found  the 
Indians.  They  returned  to  Port  Royal  where  another  expedition 
arrived  June  12,  1613,  with  other  priests  and  settlers.  In  a  few 
days  they  sailed  for  Kadesjuit  (Kenduskeag),  taking  on  board  Fr. 
Biard  and  Fr.  Masse. 

After  several  days  in  a  Passamaquoddy  fog,  they  came  in  sight 
of  Mt.  Desert  Island.  The  crew  rebelled  and  said  their  contract 
was  up,  but  thev  were  pacified,  and  the  vessel  kept  on  and  came  to 
the  easterly  coast  of  the  island,  where  they  came  to  anchor  "in  a 
fine  large  harbor,"  where  they  redeemed  their  vows,  raised  the 
Cross,  sang  praises  to  God  and  celebrated  the  Holy  Mass. 

This  place  they  named  St.  Savior.  The  historians  have 
located  this  landing  at  Bar  Harbor,  but  that  place  never  had  a 
"fine  large  harbor,"  only  a  small  harbor  for  fishing  vessels  behind  the 
bar  that  makes  from  the  main  island  over  to  Rodick's  Island.  Even 
now  in  a  fresh  breeze  steamers  and  other  vessels  have  run  up  to  the 
main  land  for  safety.  I  call  Southwest  Harbor  the  ancient  St. 
Savior. 

There  they  found  some  Indians  who  told  them  that  Asticou, 
three  leagues  distant,  was  a  better  site.  In  spite  of  the  protests  of 
the  priests  it  was  determined  to  settle  there. 

The  founder  of  the  mission  at  what  is  now  Old  Town  was  the 
Abbe,  Louis  P.  Thury,  who  w^as  sent  there  in  1687.  He  built  the 
first  church  there  in  1688  or  1689.  He  had  great  influence  over 
the  Indians.  He  left  Old  Town  in  1695.  He  died  at  Chebucto, 
N.  S.,  June  3,  1699,  much  lamented.  He  was  succeeded  on  the 
Penobscot  by  Fr.  Gaulin  and  Fr.  Ragoet  (Bigot).  Fr.  Elzear  de 
St.  Florentine  was  ten  years  at  St.  Peter's  Fort  at  Pentagoet. 
I  think  this  was  what  is  now  Castine. 

In  1697,  the  priests  were  at  Pentagoet.  The  general  court 
appointed  Captain  John  Alden,  Jr.,  and  Major  James  Converse 
commissioners  to  make  a  treaty  with  the  Penobscot  and  other 
eastern  Indians. 

They  met  at  Pentagoet  October  14,  1697.  They  had  much  dis- 
cussion pro  and  con  but  finally  the  commissioners  insisted  upon  the 
release  of  all  prisoners  and  the  banishment  of  the  French  priests. 


68  SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

The  Indians  offered  to  set  free  the  prisoners  who  should  take 
their  own  choice,  to  go  home  or  stay  with  their  Indian  friends,  but 
they  would  not  agree  to  drive  away  the  "good  missionaries.'"  To 
which  the  commissioners  agreed,  and  the  old  chronicler  adds, 
"that  the  Indians  sang  the  songs  of  Peace." 

Fr.  Joseph  Aubrey  was  a  missionary  at  Pentagoet  prior  to 
1709.  Fr.  Syresne,  a  Catholic  missionary,  was  on  the  Penobscot 
River  prior  to  1718. 

The  old  voyagers  and  historians  have  not  made  it  plain  where 
the  great  Indian  settlement  was  on  Penobscot  River.  It  was  at  Old 
Town  or  Passadumkeag. 

Louis  XIV,  king  of  France,  gave  money  to  build  a  church  at 
Medoctic  near  Eel  River  on  the  St.  John  in  1718,  where  many 
Maine  Indians  attended.  It  is  said  that  the  king  sent  over  a 
French  architect  to  build  a  chapel  for  worship  on  the  Penobscot 
River. 

Reverend  Jonathan  Greenleaf  of  ^^'^ells  in  his  historical  sketches 
of  1821,  says  it  was  at  Indian  Old  Town. 

Mr.  Greenleaf  was  familiar  with  the  Penobscot  Indians  and 
their  traditions,  having  visited  them  many  times. 

In  1718,  Fr.  (Pierre)  Laverjat  was  here  on  Penobscot  River. 
His  chapel  was  burned,  probably  in  1723;  he  went  to  France  the 
same  year  to  get  assistance  for  his  church.  He  probably  went 
afterward  to  Medoctic  on  the  St.  John  River.  He  was  at  Passa- 
wamske  on  Penobscot  River  in  1727;  this,  I  think,  was  Passadum- 
keag. 

"After  the  retirement  of  Fr.  Syresne  and  Fr.  Laverjat,  there 
is  no  evidence  of  any  resident  pastor  of  the  Catholic  Missions  of 
Maine"  for  many  years,  unless  it  was  Fr.  Francois  E.  Lesuer. 


The  l^angor  Theological  Seminary 

Mrs.  Abigail  Bailey  was  the  wife  of  the  Newcastle  minister. 
Rev.  Kiah  Bailey,  and  was  the  first  person  that  I  learn  of  who 
suggested  a  theological  seminary  in  Bangor.  Prior  to  this  time 
she  had  this  matter  of  religious  education  in  her  mind. 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  69 

Reverend  David  I.  Cushnian,  successor  of  Reverend  Kiah 
Bailey,  in  his  history  of  Newcastle,  gives  her  full  credit. 

She  was  a  woman  of  great  aoility.  In  1814  she  wrote  to 
Mrs.  Jacob  McGaw,  urging  her  to  make  an  effort  to  collect  a 
Sabbath  school  in  Bangor  for  the  benefit  of  the  children  and  youth. 

Mrs.  McGaw  was  a  Godly  woman  and  she  employed  Miss 
Martha  Allen  as  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath  school  in  Bangor 
and  this  was  the  first  in  the  town. 

I  believe  at  the  suggestion  of  Mrs.  Bailey,  that  Reverend  Kiah 
Bailey,  Reverend  John  Sawyer,  who  had  moved  to  Bangor  from 
Boothbay,  and  Reverend  Jotham  Sewell  of  Chesterville,  all  more  or 
less  missionaries,  had  conferences  about  the  needs  of  the  newer  part 
of  the  State  in  1810-11. 

Their  first  thought  was  to  form  a  religious  education  society, 
rather  than  a  seminary.  This  matter  was  talked  over  with  other 
Maine  ministers  and  the  result  was  a  petition  to  the  General  Court, 
and  an  act,  just  what  they  wanted,  drawn  by  that  ever  fast  friend  of 
the  seminary,  Samuel  E.  Dutton,  Esquire,  of  Bangor,  was  passed : 

"An  Act  to  Incorporate  the  Society  for  Theological  Education.  Ap- 
proved 27  Feb.,  1812.  To  assist  those  well  disposed  young  men  that  are 
desirous  of  entering  into  the  gospel  ministry  but  by  a  deficiency  of 
pecuniary  resources  are  unable  to  qualify  themselves  for  a  station  so  im- 
portant and  useful." 

The  corporators  were:  Rev.  John  Sawyer,  Bangor,  1806-1813;  Rev. 
Eliphalet  Gillett,  Hallowell,  1793-1827;  Rev.  Kiah  Bailey,  Newcastle,  1797- 
1823;  Rev.  Jotham  Sewell,  Chesterville,  1786-1849;  Rev.  Francis  Brown, 
Yarmouth,  1810-1815,  President  Dartmouth  college;  Rev.  William  Jenks, 
Bath,  1808-1812;  Rev.  Asa  Rand,  Gorham,  1809-1822;  Rev.  Edward  Payson, 
Portland,  1807-1827;  Rev.  Asa  Lyman,  Bath,  Windham;  Rev.  David 
Thurston,  Winthrop,  1807-1851;  General  Henry  Sewall  of  Augusta;  Doctor 
Ammi  R.  Mitchell,  North  Yarmouth. 

This  act  did  not  pro\  e  to  be  satisfactory  and  the  same  parties 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  a  school  or  seminary  was  needed  to 
carr}'  out  the  purposes  set  forth  in  the  act. 

Another  charter  was  asked,  and  granted  by  the  General  Court 
in  1814,  which  was  as  follows: 

"An  Act  to  Incorporate  the  Maine  Charity  School  in  the  county  of 
Hancock.  Approved  Feb.  2.5,  1814.  To  establish  a  literary  seminary." 
Names  of  trustees  in  the  act  were:  Rev.  John  Sawyer  of  Bangor,  Rev. 
Kiah  Bailey  of  Woolwich,  Rev.  Eliphalet  Gillett  of  Hallowell,  Rev.  William 
Jenks   of   Bath,    Rev.    Mighill   Blood   of   Bucksport,  Rev.    Asa   Lyman   of 


70         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Windham,  Rev.  David  Thurston  of  Winthrop,  Rev.  Harvey  Loomis  of  Ban- 
gor, Hon.  Ammi  R.  Mitchell  of  North  Yarmouth,  Samuel  E.  Button, 
Esquire,  of  Bangor. 

This  was  ail  honest  attempt  to  provide  a  seniiiiary  of  learning 
for  poor  men,  to  fit  them  to  preach  in  the  newer  settlements. 

Tlie  early  trustees  were  most  of  them  college  graduates,  but 
had  not  what  would  now  be  called  a  theological  education.  They 
studied  theology  with  ministers  of  note.  In  this  last  act  "Father 
Seweir*  dropped  out  as  trustee,  probably  at  his  own  rec{uest. 

The  scheme  moved  slowly,  the  war  was  on,  and  the  people  were 
poor.      It  was  not  organized  for  two  years. 

Rexerend  Doctor  Enoch  Pond  in  his  historical  address,  July 
2,  1870,  says  that  the  first  meeting  of  the  trustees  "was  held  at 
the  house  of  Major  Samuel  Moor  in  Montville,  in  May,  1816." 
AVh}'  the  meeting  was  held  there  is  a  puzzle. 

Mr.  Joseph  Williamson  of  Belfast  writes  me  that  Moor's  name 
does  not  appear  on  the  town  books,  and  that  the  town  clerk  never 
heard  of  him.  Mr.  Williamson  adds,  "neither  the  list  of  military 
officers  nor  of  tavern  keepers  include  him."  At  that  period, 
Mont\ille  was  not  on  any  thoroughfare ;  in  fad  there  was  no  stage 
route  through  it  from  Belfast  to  Augusta  until  much  later.  I  can- 
not concei\e  why  the  trustees  of  the  school  should  organize  there 
unless  to  combine  the  interests  of  Lincoln,  Kennebec  and  Hancock 
Counties. 

Nevertheless,  Samuel  Moor  of  Davistown  (Montville),  had 
lived  tliere  in  January,  1800,  and  in  Searsport  in  1816,  so  Hancock 
records  say. 

Allen's  biograjihical  dictionary  says  that  one  Samuel  Moor 
died  in  Albion,  October  21,  1854,  aged  nearly  one  hundred  and  six. 

The  officers  chosen  were :  Reverend  Edward  Payson  of  Port- 
land, president;  Reverend  Eliphalet  Gillett  of  Hallowell,  vice  presi- 
dent ;  Reverend  Kiah  Bailey  of  Newcastle,  secretary ;  and  Samuel  E. 
Dutton,  Escjuire,  of  Bangor,  treasurei-. 

At  this  time  Hampden  was  the  largest  town  on  Penobscot 
River.      (In  1820  it  was  larger  than  Bangor.) 

General  John  Crosby  of  Hampden  was  t)ne  of  the  merchant 
princes  of  the  State.  At  one  time  he  imported  more  goods  from 
the  West  Indies  than  anv   other   man    in   the   State.      If  the  sails  of 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  71 

his  ships  did  not  whiten  everv  sea  they  came  nearer  to  it  than  any 
other  Maine  man. 

A  kinsman  of"  mine,  who  was  captain  of  one  of  his  ships, 
was  in  France  durinj^  one  of  the  French  revohitions,  1792-1794,  and 
staved  there  with  his  ship  for  nearly  two  yeare. 

General  Crosby  worked  hard  to  remo\  e  the  shire  town  of  Han- 
cock County  from  Castine  to   Hampden,  and  barely  missed  success. 

Under  all  these  circumstances  and  with  the  powerful  influence 
of  General  Crosby  in  its  behalf,  it  was  thought  best  to  locate  in 
Hampden. 

The  academy  there  was  incorporated,  March  7,  1808,  and  was 
the  first  of  its  kind  on  the  Penobscot  River.  Its  building  had  just 
been  completed  and  a  room  was  hired  in  it  for  the  use  of  the 
students  and  for  which  rent  was  paid. 

The  seminary  was  opened  in  October,  1816.  The  first  year 
it  had  one  professor,  Reverend  Jehudi  Ashmun.  In  1817,  the 
Reverend  Abijah  Wines  was  added.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College  in  1794,  and  a  third  was  also  added,  Ebenezer  Cheever,  who 
graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1817. 

In  1817,  Mr.  Dutton  resigned  the  office  of  treasurer  and 
Eliashib  Adams  was  chosen  in  his  stead,  Novemljer  26.  He  held 
the  office  nineteen  years.  (His  grandson  is  now  the  treasurer. ) 
The  same  day  it  was  voted  to  pay  General  Crosby  twenty  dollars, 
probably  for  the  rent  of  the  academy  building. 

In  1818  the  trustees  voted  to  change  the  location  and  give  it 
to  the  town  that  would  subscribe  the  largest  sum  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  institution.  Reverend  Mighill  Blood  of  Bucksport, 
Samuel  E.  Dutton  of  Bangor  and  Thomas  Adams  of  Castine 
were  appointed  a  committee  to  receive  subscriptions.  As  near  as 
I  can  see  they  were  as  follows. 

Castine $7644 

Bucksport 6200 

Hampden 7751 

Brewer    8468 

Bangor 8960 

And  Bangor  got  it.  I  fear  that  not  all  the  subscriptions  were 
paid. 

In  the  autumn  of  1819  the  seminary  was  removed  to  Bangor. 
Recitations  were  held  in  the  Court  House,  afterward  the  (old)  City 


72         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Hall,  and  in  a  room  in  the  house  of  Alexander  Savage  at  the  corner 
of  Main  and  Water  Streets. 

The  same  year  the  old  professors  or  teachers  resigned  :  Reverend 
Professor  Ashmun  went  to  Deer  Isle,  1819  to  1831.  He  died  at 
Worcester,  February  11,  1833,  aged  sixty-seven.  Professor 
Wines  went  to  Africa  as  an  agent  for  a  colonization  society.  He 
returned  and  died  in  New  Haven,  August  25,  1828,  aged  thirty 
years. 

Professor  Cheever  was  minister  at  several  places.  He  was  a 
somewhat  remarkable  man.  He  died  in  Michigan,  December  31, 
1860. 

Upon  the  opening  of  the  seminary  in  1820  Reverend  John 
Smith  was  appointed  professor  with  a  salary  of  seven  hundred 
dollars,  "if  the  treasur-er  thought  necessary  for  his  support,"  and 
Reverend  Bancroft  Fowler  was  appointed  a  professor  at  a  salary  of 
eight  hundred  dollars. 

They  were  inaugurated  in  March,  1820.  March  8,  1820, 
the  treasurer  was  authorized  to  "pay  tuition  for  students  at 
Bangor  Young  Ladies'  Academy."  I  am  at  a  loss  to  know  what 
this  meant  unless  it  was  for  a  foundation  of  the  "English  Course," 
we  have  heard  so  much  of  in  later  years. 

Isaac  Danforth  of  Milton,  Massachusetts,  gave  June  11,  1821, 
the  seminary,  "a  lot  of  land  near  the  village  of  Bangor  containing 
about  seven  and  one-half  acres,"  for  the  permanent  establishment 
of  the  institution  as  founded  and  organized,  with  some  other  con- 
ditions. "If  the  trustees  at  any  time  fail  in  the  performance  of 
the  conditions  of  the  deed  it  shall  be  null  and  void.'^" 

Mr.  Davenport  was  an  old  fashioned  Orthodox  Unitarian,  but 
be  believed  that  the  institution  should  be  permanent.  He  owned 
most  all  of  the  John  Dennett  estate  lying  on  the  westerly  side  of 
Union  Street.  He  gave  a  lot  for  the  Independent  Congregational 
Unitarian  Church,  where  their  meeting-house  now  stands. 

(To  be  continued. ) 


(a)     Hancock  Registry  of  Deeds,  Vol.  7. 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

PUBLISHED    QUARTERLY 
Vol.    1  JULY,   1913  No.  2 

JOHN  FRANCIS  SPRAGUE,  Dover,  Maine,  Editor  and  Publisher,  to  wliom  all  com- 
munications should  be  addressed. 

Entered  as  seeond  elass  matter,  at  tlie  post  office  at  Dover,  Maine. 

TERMS:  For  all  numbers  issued  durins  the  ji-ar,  iTichidintr  an  index  and  all  special  is- 
sues, $1.00.  Sintrle  copies,  >j  cents.  Bound  volumes,  containing  all  of  the  i.ssues  for  one  year, 
Si. 50.     Postage  prepaid. 

"  IVe  imist  look  a  little  into  that  process  of  natio7i-m.aki7ig 
which  has  been  goiiig  on  since  prehistoric  ages  and  is  going 
on  here  among  ns  to-day,  and  jrovi  the  recorded  experience 
of  men  in  times  long  past  we  may  gather  lesso7is  of  infinite 
value  for  ourselves  and  for  our  children''  s  children.'" 

— John  Fiske. 


It  Spells  Success 

The  reviews  of,  and  kindly  words  of  commendation  for  the 
Journal,  by  the  press  of  Maine  and  New  England,  have  been  ex- 
ceedingly gratifying. 

Our  rapidly  inci'easing  subscription  list  is  not  only  very  en- 
couraging to  the  publisher  but  establishes  beyond  doubt  the  fact 
that  the  people  of  Maine  are  today  more  deeply  interested  in 
Maine  History  than  ever  before,  and  yet  the  Journal's  subscription 
list  is  by  no  means  confined  to  Maine  for  it  has  already  reached 
into  eight  other  States,  all  of  which  is  a  source  of  much  encourage- 
ment and  we  believe  it  spells  Success  for  the  Journal. 

Our  readers  are  favored  by  a  paper  in  this  issue,  from  the  pen 
of  that  noted  and  talented  Maine  authoress,  Fannie  Hardy 
Eckstorm,  upon  the  important  historical  subject  of  Champlain's 
exploration  of  the  Penobscot  in  1604,  and  the  result  of  her  research 
as  to  the  identical  spot  which  he  visited  upon  the  territory  where 
is  now  the  city  of  Bangor. 

We  feel  confident  that  this  will  be  appreciated  by  all  as  it  is 
certainly  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  colonial  histoiy  of  Maine. 

Honorable  Willis  E.  Parsons  of  Foxcroft,  Grand  Patriarch  of 
the  Grand  Encampment  of  the  I.  O.  O.  F.  of  Maine,  is  preparing 
a  history  of  Odd  Fellowship  in  Piscataquis  County,  which  will  be 
published  in  a  special  issue  of  the  Journal  in  the  near  future. 


74         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Notes  and  Fragments 

March  29,  1913,  William  P.  AVhitehouse,  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Maine,  tendered  his  resignation  to 
Governor  Haines  after  thirty-five  consecutive  years  of  judicial 
life,  he  having  attained  the  age  of  nearly  seventy-one  years. 
Governor  Haines  thereupon  appointed  the  Honorable  Warren  C. 
Philbrook  of  Augusta,  and  formerly  of  Waterville,  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  resignation  of  Chief  Justice  Whitehouse. 

Justice  Philbrook  was  born  in  Sedgwick,  Maine,  November  SO, 
1857.  He  was  the  son  of  lAither  G.  and  Angelia  (Coflin)  Phil- 
brook. He  graduated  from  Colby  University  in  1882.  He  has 
been  judge  of  the  Waterville  Municipal  Court,  mayor  of  Water- 
ville, member  of  the  Maine  Legislature  and  Attorney  General  of 
Maine.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Philbrick,  who  was  born 
in  England  in  1583,  and  came  to  New  England  from  Lincolnshire, 
England,  in  1630.  The  original  family  name  is  spelled  in  the  early 
records  as  Philbrick,  Philbrucke,  Philbrok  and  Philbrook. 

On  the  same  day  Justice  Albert  Russell  Savage  was  appointed 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  Maine  by  Gov- 
ernor Haines,  he  being  the  eleventh  Chief  Justice  of  this  court 
since  Maine  became  a  state  in  1820. 

Chief  Justice  Savage,  son  of  Charles  W.  and  Eliza  M. 
(Cloufrh)  Savage,  was  born  in  Ryegate,  Vermont,  December  8, 
1847,  and  graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1871.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Maine  Legislature  several  terms  and  speaker  of 
the  House  of  Repi-esentatives  in  1893,  and  was  appointed  a  Justice 
of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  in  1897.  We  assumed  that  he  was 
a  descendant  of  Thomas  Savage  who  emigrated  to  Massachusetts 
from  England  in  1635,  but  upon  writing  to  him  to  verify  this 
assumption  we  discovered  our  error  by  the  following  interesting 
letter  received  in  reply  to  our  inquiry. 

"Auburn,  April  15,  1913. 
"Dear  Bro.  Sprague: 

"Replying  to  your  inquiry,  I  will  saythat  I  am  not  a  descend- 
ant of  the  Thomas  Savage  of  whom  you  speak,  but  I  believe  that 
mv  ancestors  were  his  kin — how  near  I  have  no  means  of  knowinir. 


NOTES  AND  FRAGMENTS  75 


"In  a  Ijook  entitled  the  'Savages  of  the  Ards, '  published 
in  Dublin  about  twenty-five  years  ago,  is  found  a  genealogy  of  the 
Cheshire  Savages  whose  ancestral  halls  were  at  Rock  Savage,  in 
Clifton,  in  Cheshire,  The  grand fixther  of  Thomas  Savage  was  Sir 
John  Savage,  sometimes  Sheriff"  of  Chester  County.  Thomas's 
father,  William,  seems  to  have  settled  in  Taunton,  vvhere  Thomas 
was  born  in  1608,  as  my  book  says.  To  mark  the  connection 
which  I  point  out,  or  rather  guess  at,  it  is  only  necessary  to  add 
that  over  his  grave  in  Boston  the  arms  of  "Rock  Savage"  were 
placed.  Also  that  in  the  twenty-two  generations  of  the  Cheshire 
family,  there  were  foui'teen  Johns  and  tlu'ee  Thomases,  who  were 
eldest  sons. 

"My  eldest  ancestor  (Savage),  of  whom  I  have  any  authentic 
information,  was  married  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1652,  and 
afterwards  lived  and  died  in  that  part  of  Middletown,  Conn., 
which  is  now  called  Cromwell.  He  died  in  1684-5.  But  his  age, 
or  how  old  he  was  at  marriage,  I  have  never  been  able  to  ascertain. 
As  Hartford  was  settled  by  Parson  Hooker's  congregation  from 
Newton,  Mass.,  in  1636,  I  have  been  led  to  think  that  John's 
fjither  may  have  been  one  of  Hooker's  congregation.  And  if  so, 
John  was  probably  a  boy  when  they  left  Massachusetts.  There  is 
in  Connecticut  a  tradition  in  the  family  that  they  were  descended 
from  the  Cheshire  branch  of  Savages,  and  there  is  I  am  told,  some- 
where in  the  Connecticut  family  "a  very  old  blazon  of  arms  identi- 
cal with  the  arms  of  Savage  of  Rock  Savage,  County  of  Chester." 
I  have  never  seen  it,  but  the  fact  is  stated  in  a  genealogy  of 
my  own  branch  of  Savages,  published  twenty  or  more  years  ago,  by 
a  careful  genealogist.  After  my  first  John,  there  was  another 
John,  then  a  TJiomas,  then  a  Thoinas,  then  a  Seth,  then  a  John, 
my  grandfather. 

"I  ma\'  add  that  in  the  "Savages  of  the  Ards"  above  referi-ed 
to,  some  of  the  American  branches  are  given,  among  them  the 
descendants  of  the  Boston  Thomas,  and  others  more  or  less 
scattered.      Among  the  lattei-  I  found  my  own  name. 

"So  that  I  think  there  is  a  very  strong  likelihood,  something 
short  of  a  certaint}',  that  my  John  was  kin  of  the  Boston  Thomas, 
but  how  near  I  have  no  means  of  knowing. 

"This  is  all  I  know. 

"Sincerely  yours, 

A.  R.  SAVAGE." 


76         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

About  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century  the  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  Colony  made  considerable  effort  to  fraternize,  convert 
and  educate  the  Indians. 

About  the  only  one  of  the  Colonists,  however,  who  ever  at- 
tained any  dejnrree  of  success  in  this  direction  was  the  famous  lin- 
guist and  preacher,  John  Elliott,  familiar  in  New  England  history 
as  "Apostle  Elliott." 

The  only  known  result  of  this  scheme  to  educate  the  Indians 
was  that  one  Indian  was  a  student  at  Harvard  of  the  class  of  1665, 
who  succeeded  in  attaining  the  bachelor's  degree.  He  bore  the 
simple  and  easy  name  of  Caleb  Cheeshahteaumuck. 


Thk  town  of  Levant  was  incorporated  June  14,  1813,  and  the 
town  has  decided  to  observe  its  100th  anniversary  August  14,  1913. 
The  town  and  Grange  have  united  and  selected  a  good  working 
connuittee  to  make  preparations  for  this  e\  ent,  with  C.  W.  Fernald, 
president ;  C.  F.  Wilson,  secretary ;  and  B.  W.  Higgins,  treasurer. 


The  town  of  St.  Albans  celebrated  its  100th  aiuiiversary  on 
June  13,  1913.  Literary  exercises  were  held  in  the  afternoon, 
consisting  of  addresses  by  Honorable  David  D.  Stewart  of  St. 
Albans,  Daniel  Lewis  of  Skowhegan  and  George  H.  Morse  of 
Bangor.  A  historical  sketch  of  the  town  prepared  by  the  histor- 
ical committee,  David  D.  Stewart,  Mrs.  Anna  L.  Vining  and  Mrs. 
Mvra  Goodwin,  was  followed  by  speeches  by  Representatives  of 
the  G.  A.  R.,  the  Grange  and  other  local  institutions. 


Faxkie  HAiinv  EcKSTOim,  whose  valuable  paper  on  Champlain 
appears  in  another  colunni,  has  long  been  a  writer  of  note  along- 
various  literary  lines,  more  especially  ornithology,  local  history, 
genealogy,  the  Maine  Woods  and  wood-craft,  pedagogy,  literary 
criticism,  etc. 

The  following  comprises  some  of  her  most  famous  writings ; 
1888.      The  Great  Auk    in   New   England,   The  Auk,   September, 
1888. 


REVOLUTIONARY  SOLDIERS  PISCATAQUIS  CO.     77 

1889.      Out-of-door  Papers.      Eleven  papers  in  Forest  and  Stream. 
1891.      In  the  Region  Round    Nicatowis.      Ten  papers  in    Forest 

and  Stream,  January  to  March  1891. 
1891.      Six    Years   Under  Maine  Game  Laws.      Eleven   papers    in 

Forest  and  Stream,  March  to  July,  1891. 
1893.      The  Baron  of  Pentagoet.      A  historical  tale  of  St.  Castin. 

In  Historia  (Chicago,)  March  to  December. 
1901.      The  Bird  Book.  (D.  C.  Heath  &  Co.) 

1901,  The  Woodpeckers.  (Houghton,  Mifflin  Sc  Co.) 

1902.  Description  of  the  Adult  Black  Merlin,  in  The  Auk. 
1904.      The  Death  of  Thoreau's  Guide.      Atlantic  Monthly,  June 

1904. 
1904.      The  Penobscot  Man.      (Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.) 

1907.  David  Libbey.      (American  LTnitarian  Society.) 

1908.  Thoreau's  Maine  Woods.      The  Atlantic  Monthly. 

1913.      The  Wasted    Years.      The    Atlantic  Monthly.      (In  their 
hands  now  to  be  published  within  the  year.) 


Revolutionary  Soldiers  of  Piscataquis  County 

By  Edgar  C.  Smith. 

[For  a  number  of  years  Judge  Smith  has  been  collecting  material 
regarding  the  Revolutionary  Soldiers,  who  became  early  settlers  of  Piscata- 
quis County.  Biographical  sketches  of  seventeen  of  these  pioneers  appear 
in  Vol.  1  of  the  Collections  of  the  Piscataquis  County  Historical  Society. 
It  is  his  intention  to  complete  the  list  if  it  is  possible  to  obtain  the  data.  — 
Editor.] 

STEVENS  SPOONER.     Saxgkuvili,!.. 

Stevens  Spooner  was  the  fifth  in  descent  from  William 
Spooner,  the  immigrant.  William  came  to  Plymouth  in  New  Eng- 
land about  1637.  In  1660  he  removed  to  Dartmouth,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  died  there  in  1684.      His  oldest  son  was  Samuel,  born 


78        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

January   1-1,  1655,  probably   in   Plymouth;  died  at  Dartmouth  in 
1739. 

Daniel  was  the  third  son  of  Samuel,  born  February  28,  1 694, 
at  Dartmouth,  died  at  Petersham,  Massachusetts,  in  1797.  \Vino-, 
the  fourth  son  of  Daniel,  and  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  born  at  Petersham,  December  29,  1738,  and  died  there 
December  7,  1810. 

During  the  French  and  Indian  war  Wing  Spooner  enlisted, 
when  about  nineteen  years  of  age,  in  the  company  of  Captain  Stone. 
In  1758  he  was  transferred  to  the  company  of  Captain  Alexander 
Dalrvmple,  where  he  had  a  long  ser\  ice.  He  was  a  pioneer  advo- 
cate of  American  independence,  and  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolution  he  enlisted  in  Captain  John  Wheeler's  company,  but 
was  soon  promoted  to  a  captaincy. 

Captain  Spooner  was  very  active  in  recruiting  for  the  army, 
and  so  great  was  his  devotion  to  the  cause  that  he  secured  the  en- 
listment of  his  two  sons,  Stevens  and  Ruggles,  at  tender  ages, 
before  they  were  actually,  physically  able  to  carry  a  musket.  He 
married  Eunice,  daughter  of  Joseph  Stevens,  January  27,  1763, 
and  was  the  father  of  twelve  children,  the  eldest  of  whom  was 
Stevens. 

Stevens  Spooner  was  born  at  Petersham,  Massachusetts, 
August  17,  1763.  On  the  5th  of  September,  1777,  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  years,  he  enlisted  in  his  father's  company.  Colonel  Cush- 
ing's  regiment,  and  served  three  months  and  five  days,  receiving  his 
discharge  November  29.  The  family  tradition  in  regard  to  this 
enlistment  is  that  he  was  a  servant  or  orderly  to  his  father,  the 
captain.  The  Spooner  genealogy  says  he  was  at  the  battle  of 
Bennington,  but  as  that  occurred  on  August  16,  1777,  and  his  first 
recorded  enlistment  was  September  5,  following,  it  is  obvious  that 
he  was  not  present  as  an  enlisted  soldier,  although  he  may  have 
been  with  his  father  in  camp.  He  undoubtedly  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  Saratoga  and  was  present  at  Burgoyne's  surrender;  the 
last  named  fact  being  recorded  in  the  genealogy. 

After  his  service  in  his  father's  company  he  next  enlisted,  the 
following  summer,  in  the  company  of  Captain  Peter  Woodbury, 
Colonel  Jacob  Gerrish's  regiment;  this  service  was  from  July  13, 
1778,  to  November  9,  1778,  during  a  part  of  which  time  Captain 


REVOLUTIONARY  SOLDIERS  PISCATAQUIS  CO.     79 

Woodbury's  company  was  with  the  detachment  of  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Nathan  Tyler's  guards.  During  the  campaign  Captain 
Woodbury  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant  Jewett.  The  day  follow- 
ing his  discharge  from  Captain  Woodbury's  company,  November 
10,  1778,  he  enlisted  in  Captain  David  Jewett's  company,  Colonel 
Gerrish's  regiment,  of  guards;  he  was  discharged  December  12, 
1778. 

The  boy  then  took  a  well  deserved  rest  for  nearly  a  year.  On 
October  5,  1779,  he  again  enlisted,  this  time  in  Captain  William 
Henry's  company,  and  was  discharged  November  10,  after  a  service 
of  one  month  and  ten  days  at  Castle  and  Governor's  Islands. 

The  summer  of  1780,  when  he  was  barely  seventeen  years  old, 
on  July  10,  he  entered  upon  his  fifth  enlistment.  This  was  in 
Captain  Ephraim  Stearns'  company.  Colonel  John  Rand's  regiment. 
Colonel  Rand's  regiment  was  stationed  at  West  Point  and  was  a 
part  of  the  command  received  by  General  Benedict  Arnold  in 
August,  1780,  which  he  so  traitorously  planned  to  surrender  to  the 
British  in  the  following  September. 

Stevens  Spooner  received  his  discharge  from  this  service 
October  10,  1780.  This  was  his  last  service  of  which  I  have 
found  any  record ;  certainly  an  honorable  one  for  a  lad.  He  was 
just  past  fourteen  years  at  his  first  enlistment  and  only  a  little  over 
seventeen  at  the  end  of  his  fifth  and  final  one. 

After  his  Revolutionary  service  he  returned  to  Petersham  and 
on  July  2,  1787,  he  married  Sarah,  daughter  of  John  and  Rebecca 
(Rice)  Hodgkins. 

The  Spooner  genealogy  says  that  he  removed  to  Sangerville, 
Maine,  soon  after  his  marriage ;  but  this  is  evidently  an  error,  for 
on  March  9,  1814,  we  find  him  conveying  land  in  the  deeds  of 
which  he  recites  his  residence  to  be  Eddington.  (See  Penobscot 
Records  of  Deeds,  Vol.  1,  page  526;  also  Hancock  Deeds,  Vol.  33, 
page  337,  where  on  July  2,  1813,  he  also  recites  his  residence  as 
Eddington. )  He  probably  settled  in  Maine  soon  after  his  mar- 
riage, but  in  the  town  of  Eddington  for  a  number  of  years,  instead 
of  going  directly  to  Sangerville. 

From  the  town  records  of  Sangerville  we  find  that  at  a  meet- 
ng  of  the  legal  voters  of  the  town  held  on  the  first  Monday  in 
April,  1815,  Stevens  Spooner   was   chosen   moderator;  so   we  may 


80         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

safely  infer  that  sometime  between   March  1814<  and  April  1815  he 
became  a  settler  of  the  town. 

On  July  1,  1815,  he  received  a  deed  from  Calvin  Sanger,  the 
proprietor,  of  lot  fifteen,  range  fifteen  in  Sangerville,  containing 
one  hundred  and  six  acres,  according  to  the  Isaac  Coolidge  map  of 
1807.  From  1815  to  1820  he  held  various  town  offices  in  Sanger- 
ville, including  school  committee  and  survejor  of  lumber. 

Stevens  and  Sarah  Spooner  had  eight  children :  Lois,  born 
December  3,  1791  ;  Lewis,  born  August  23,  1793;  Clarrissa,  born 
October  26,  1795;  she  married  Isaiah  Knovvlton,  Esq.;  Leonard, 
born  September  10,  1798;  Paul,  born  December  1800;  Eunice, 
born  January  2,  1802;  Lucretia,  born  February,  1805;  Daniel, 
born  December  26,  1808. 

There  are  three  different  dates  given  for  the  death  of  Stevens 
Spooner.  The  Spooner  genealogy  and  the  Maine  genealogy, 
edited  by  Professor  Little,  give  the  date  August  17,  1827.  The 
tombstone,  August  17,  1828;  and  the  town  records  of  Sangerville, 
July  17,  1827.  Which  is  correct  I  am  unable  to  determine;  but 
the  probabilities  seem  to  me  to  favor  that  given  in  the  town 
records,  as  that  appears  to  have  been  made  contemporaneously  with 
the  event. 

His  remains  rest  in  the  cemetery  at  Knowlton's  Mills,  East 
Sangerville,  and  as  above  mentioned,  the  spot  is  marked  by  an  ap- 
propriate tablet.  His  wife,  Sarah,  survived  him  twelve  years. 
She  died  July  4,  1840,  and  is  buried  at  his  side. 


To  Bookbuyers  and  Others 

Are  you  in  want  of  any  out  of  print  book  or  publication  ?  If  so,  I 
should  be  pleased  to  assist  you.  I  am  in  communication  with  many  of 
the  largest  dealers  in  second-hand  and  out-of-print  books  in  all  sec- 
tions of  the  United  States,  England,  France  and  Germany,  and  receive 
their  catalogues  regularly.  I  will  assist  you  in  looking  up  any  genea- 
logical or  historical  data  you  desire.  Charges  moderate.  Any 
current  publication  which  you  do  not  find  at  your  book  store  I  will  ob- 
tain for  you  at  short  notice. 

EDGAR  C.  SMITH, 

Foxcroft,  Maine. 


THE  few   ALBANS  CENTENNIAL  81 


The  St.  Albans  Centennial 

June  13,  1913,  St.  Albans  celebrfited  its  one  hundredth  anni- 
\ersarv  as  a  town.  The  first  settlement  was  in  the  yeai-  1800  and 
it  was  the  one  hundred  and  ninetv-ninth  town  incorporated  in  the 
District  of  Maine.  The  celebration  was  under  the  direction  of  the 
t'ollowiiif)-  connnittees : 

Centennial  Conunittee,  Stewart  H.  Goodwin,  Henry  C.  Pres- 
cott,  Alfred  P.  Bi^elow. 

Historical  Committee,  Honorable  David  D.  Stewart,  Mrs. 
Anna  L.  \'ining,  Mrs.  Myra  Goodwin. 

Conunittee  on  Correspondence,  Honorable  Milton  L.  Merrill, 
Mrs.  Susie  J.  Lucas,  Mrs.  Mabel  Bi^-elow. 

Conunittee  on  Program,  Oscar  W.  Bigelow,  Lincoln  Merrick, 
Mrs.  Lena  Mebane. 

Reception  Committee,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fred  Lucas,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Daniel  L.  Frost,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Louis  B.  Johnson,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  l)a\id  R.  Longley,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  O.  Turner,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.   Hugh  F.  Goodwin. 

Conunittee  on  Decorations,  ^Valter  O.  Hilton,  Preston  W. 
Libby,  Mrs.  Myra  Brawn. 

Conunittee  on  Parade  and  Sports,  Frank  N.  V'ining,  C.  J. 
Worthen,  M.  H.  Martin. 

Committee  on  Souvenirs  and  Badges,  W.  H.  Watson,  Miss 
Stella  Emery,  Mrs.  Gladys  A\erill. 

Committee  on  Refreshments,  C.  C.  Hanson,  Charles  S.  Hilton, 
Charles  E.   Moore. 

Committee  on  Printing  and  Anticjues,  Albert  F.  Hurd,  Elwyn 
N.  (irant,  Selden  J.  Martin. 

The  parade  in  the  morning  was  a  magnificent  one  for  so  small 
a  town  and  would  have  done  ci-edit  to  a  much  larger  town  or  city. 

The  literary  exercises  took  place  in  the  public  square  in  the 
afternoon  and  evening  and  a  great  audience  was  in  attendance. 
Stewart  H,  Goodwin  acted  as  president  of  the  day.  Among  other 
speakers  were  Honorable  David  D.  Stewart  of  St.  Albans, 
Honorable  Daniel  Lewis  of  Skowhegan,  Honorable  George  H. 
Morse  of  Bangor,  Reverend  Albert  \V.  Frye  of  St.  Albans,  Mr. 
F.  W.  Paige  of  Palmyra,  Doctor  F.  O.  Lyford  of  Farmington  and 
Worthy  Master  Hugh  F.  Goodwin  represented  the  Grange.  Com- 
mander Otis  Turner  of  the  George  A.  Goodwin  Post  spoke  for  the 
Grand  Army,  and  an  original  poem,  "Echoes  from  Hackett's 
Hill,"  by  Stewart  H.  Gooilwin  was  read.  The  historical  sketch 
prepared  by  the  historical  conunittee  was  exceedingly  interesting. 


82 


SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINi:  HISTORY 


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KINEO   TRUST   CO., 

DOVER,  MAINE. 

Organized  in  1905,  to  meet  the  bank- 
ing needs  of  this  community,  Kineo 
Trust  Company  has  steadily  grown  in 
strength  and  public  favor,  until  today 
it  is  universally  recognized  as  one  of 
the  large  and  strong  financial  institu- 
tions of  Eastern  Maine. 

Liberal  Interest  paid  on 
Savings  Deposits. 

J.  F.  HUGHES,  Pres.      C.  C.  HALL,  V.  Pres. 
G.  L.  ARNOLD,  Treas. 


We  have  positive  evidence  of  the  reliability  of  the  advertisers  on  these  pages. 


HONORABLE  WILLIS  E.  PARSONS 

of  Foxcroft.  Maine 

Grand   Patriarch  of   tiie  Grand   Encaiiipincnt  of   the  Independent  Order  of  Odd 

Fellows  of  the  State  of  Maine 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

Vol.   I  SEPTEMBER,   1913  No.  3 

Odd  Fellowship    in  Piscataquis  County 

By   Honorable   Willis  E.    Parsons 

The  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  is  now  known  and 
recognized  among  men  as  the  greatest  fraternal  organization  on  the 
globe. 

Millions  are  the  recipients  of  its  beneficent  works  and  the 
people  as  well  as  the  philanthropist  would  know  more  of  that 
Society  which  labors  so  earnestly  for  the  good  of  humanity,  the 
alleviation  of  woe  and  the  elevation  of  all  mankind.  Where  did  it 
originate?  What  is  this  remarkable  Order  that,  not  in  four 
thousand  years,  but  in  less  than  a  centviry  has  outgrown  every 
other,  and  become  the  giant  of  them  all?  What  is  it  that  so 
appeals  to  the  hearts  of  men,  causing  millions  to  worship  at  its 
shrine? 

As  no  outline  of  the  history  of  Odd  Fellowship  in  Piscataquis 
County,  or  any  other  part  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Sovereign 
Grand  Lodge,  would  be  complete  without  a  brief  sketch  of  the 
Order,  it  may  be  well  to  give  here  some  account  of  the  origin  and 
wonderful  growth  of  American  Odd  Fellowship,  now  known  as  the 
Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows. 

Odd  Fellowship  was  first  known  in  England  in  the  eighteenth 
century,  where  it  still  exists,  the  Manchester  Unity  embracing 
more  than  a  million  members. 


Manchester  Unity 

The  Manchester  Unity  was  the  parent  of  American  Odd  Fellow- 
ship, which  later  became  a  separate  organization,  independent  of  the 
mother  lodge  in  England,  adopting  the  name.  Independent  Order 
of  Odd  Fellows,  the  latter  being  even  now  a  much  larger  organiza- 
tion than  the  one  which  still  flourishes  in  the  home  of  our  English 
ancestors. 


86        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

The  exact  date  of  its  birth  in  England  has  not  been  clearly 
established  by  antiquarians,  but  it  is  believed  to  have  been  in  the 
first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century. 

In  comparatively  recent  histories  of  the  Order  it  has  been 
claimed  that  the  English  novelist,  Daniel  De  Foe,  referred  to  Odd 
Fellows  in  IT-io,  but  this,  by  more  recent  research,  has  been 
relegated  to  the  ranks  of  tradition. 

In  1780  the  Prince  of  Wales,  later  King  George  the  Fourth, 
was  unceremoniously  introduced  into  a  lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Order. 

This  appears  to  be  the  first  mention  of  Odd  Fellows,  although 
lodges  undoubtedly  existed  in  different  parts  of  the  Kingdom  many 
years  prior  to  that  date.      The  earliest  ritual  extant  is  dated  1797. 

The  various  lodges  of  England  united  in  1813,  forming  the 
Manchester  Unity,  which  has  so  flourished  to  the  present  day. 


American  Odd  Fellowship 

American  Odd  Fellowship,  founded  in  1819,  differs  from  the 
Manchester  Unity  both  in  ritual  and  in  its  beneficiary  features,  and 
although  formerly  connected  with  it,  became  wholly  separated  in 
1842,  becoming  an  independent  organization. 

Since  that  date  its  growth  has  far  exceeded  the  most  sanguine 
expectations  of  its  early  advocates,  and  in  1911  numbered  1,562,- 
829  male  members  in  this  country  alone,  while  the  sister  Rebekahs, 
450,487,  made  the  grand  total  in  America,  2,018,316.  Those 
figures  will  be  much  larger  in  the  next  report  as  the  Order  has  a 
magnificent  annual  increase  in  membership  and  financial  strength, 
and  is  better  qualified  each  j'ear  to  fulfill  its  great  mission  among 
men. 


Encampments 

In  1825,  but  six  j-ears  after  the  founding  of  American  Odd 
Fellowship,  the  master  minds  that  were  guiding  the  young  Order 
saw  its  incompletion  and  the  necessity  of  additional  degrees  which 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      87 

would    further  exemplif}'  its    grand    pi-inciples,   giving    a    broader 
conception  of  the  true  spirit  of  Odd  Fellowship. 

Three  additional  degrees  were  adopted,  but  Encampments 
were  not  organized  into  a  separate  branch  until  18-iL  Then 
Friendship,  Love  and  Truth  were  followed  by  Faith,  Hope  and 
Charity,  Toleration  and  the  Golden  Rule,  three  degrees  called  the 
Patriarchal,  Golden  Rule  and  Royal  Purple,  no  less  beautiful  and 
fully  as  important  as  those  preceding. 


Rebekah  Lodges 

In  1851-2,  that  great  Odd  Fellow.  Schuyler  Colftix,  who  had 
long  been  an  advocate  of  some  degree  admitting  the  mothers,  wives, 
sisters  and  daughters  of  Odd  Fellows  to  a  branch  of  the  Order, 
succeeded  in  having  the  Reljekah  branch  established,  and  today 
the  Rebekahs  have  a  membership  in  this  country  of  nearly  three 
quarters  of  a  million. 


Patriarchs  Militant 

In  1885,  the  sequence  of  degrees  was  completed  by  the  addi- 
tion of  Patriarchs  Militant,  a  uniform  or  display  branch,  with  the 
local  unit  called  Canton,  which  is  organized  like  the  United  States 
Army  with  Department  Councils,  all  under  the  head  of  the 
Sovereign  Grand  Lodge. 

Chevaliers  must  be  members  in  good  standing  of  some 
Encampment.  Its  growth  has  been  rapid  and  Patriarchs  Militant 
has  already  become  an  important  degree  in  Odd   Fellowship. 

Early  Opposition 

In  the  early  days  of  American  Odd  Fellowship  much  opposi- 
tion had  to  be  met  and  prejudice  o\ercome  by  those  great  hearted 
men  who  labored  untiringly  for  the  good  of  the  Order.  But  the 
fact  is  now  recognized  that  of  all  the  human  agencies  for  the 
alleviation    of    woe,    the    uplift     of    humanity,    and     teaching    the 


88         SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Fatherhood  of  God  and  the  great  brotherhood  of  man,  the  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Odd  Fellows  is  second  to  none  save  the  ehureh  of 
Christ,  and  is  performing  a  work,  far  reaching  in  its  effects,  for 
which  the  church  even,  under  its  present  organization,  is  not 
fitted. 

They   will  continue,   however,    each  in   its  own   way,    side  by 
side  to  labor  for  the  good  of  all  mankind. 


Wonderful  Growth  of  the  Order 

From  its  small  beginning  in  1819,  a  lodge  of  five  members, 
organized  on  the  !26th  of  April  of  that  year  by  Thomas  Wildey 
and  his  four  associates  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  at  the  Sign  of  the 
Seven  Stars,  it  has  grown,  in  94  years,  to  be  the  greatest  fraternal 
organization  the  world  has  ever  known,  blessing  its  millions 
throughout  the  earth  and  making  the  habitation  of  man  more 
peaceful,  more  happy,  as  the  principles  of  Toleration  and  the 
Golden  Rule  permeate  the  sons  of  men,  recognizing  among  all 
nations,  tongues  and  kindreds  of  the  earth,  a  universal  brotherhood. 

Its  members  embrace  all  classes,  the  plain  people,  whom 
Abraham  Lincoln  said  God  must  have  loved  the  best  because  he 
made  so  many  of  them,  and  men  who  shape  public  afi'airs,  men  of 
the  pi-ess,  authors,  contributors  to  leading  periodicals,  lawj'ers  and 
judges,  men  in  legislatures,  in  the  halls  of  Congress  and  in  the 
counsels  of  the  nation ;  and  the  influence  of  nearly  two  million 
voters  in  this  countr}'  alone,  exemplifying  the  principles  of  our 
Order,  is  well  worthy  the  consideration  of  all. 

And  yet,  the  general  public  and  many  members  of  the  Order 
have  but  slight  knowledge  of  its  history  or  the  great  work  being 
accomplished  at  the  present  time. 

Instead  of  one  subordinate  lodge,  there  were  in  1911,  17,961 
subordinate  lodges.  There  is  a  Grand  Lodge  in  every  state  and 
territory  of  the  Union,  with  others  across  the  sea  acknowledging 
the  authority  of  one  supreme  head,  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  of 
the  Independent  Order  of  Odd   Fellows. 

Over  145, 000  brothers  annually  receive  its  financial  aid  and 
benefits,  not  as  mendicants  but  as  a  matter  of  right.      In  1911  the 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      89 

figures  were  145,427.  Over  7,000  widowed  families  are  cared  for 
every  year,  the  last  report  showing  7,270.  Over  $5,000,000.00 
are  annually  expended  in  relief  and  benefits,  the  same  report,  1911, 
showing  $5,396,174.46  so  expended. 

Pernianenc}'    of  the  Order 

The  permanency  of  the  Order  is  shown  by  its  invested  funds 
of  over  $63,000,000.00.  Forty-seven  Odd  Fellows'  Homes  for  the 
aged  and  infirm  have  been  estal)lished  in  this  country,  valued  at 
$4,500,000.00  and  maintained  at  an  annual  expense  of  over 
$650,000.00.  Funds  are  rapidly  accumulating  for  other  Homes, 
Maine's  being  among  the  rest,  and  in  the  near  future  on  a  beauti- 
ful site  at  Auburn  Heights  in  the  city  of  Auburn,  will  stand  an 
attractive,  well  regulated  Home,  with  cheerful  hearth  and  warm 
welcome  to  all  needy  Odd  Fellows. 

Lessons  of  Odd  Fellowship 

The  teachings  of  Odd  Fellowship  are  drawn  from  the  most 
beautiful  lessons  of  Holy  Writ,  and  as  the  Savior  of  Men  came  not 
to  save  the  Jew  more  than  the  Gentile,  so  Odd  Fellowship,  unre- 
stricted by  creed  or  nationalit}',  reaches  ovit  toward  all  humanity. 
There  is  about  it  that  which  appeals  to  the  hearts  ot  men  and  the 
work  of  Thomas  Wildey,  James  L.  Ridgely,  for  forty-three  years 
Grand  Secretary,  and  others  who  so  impressively  taught  the  great 
lessons  of  life,  will  endure  forever. 

Our  Field  of  Labor 

The  globe  is  our  field  of  labor,  and  Odd  Fellowship  has 
spread  not  only  throughout  our  own  country,,  but  into  Canada, 
traveled  southward  into  Mexico,  ascended  the  Andes  and  found 
lodgment  in  South  America,  crossed  the  Atlantic,  and  Indian 
Oceans,  taken  root  in  Australia,  the  Sandwich  Islands  and  other 
isles  of  the  sea,  passed  over  into  Germany  and  blessed  its  thousands 


90         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

ill  the  land  of  our  Anglo-Saxon  ancestors,  lodged  in  Switzerland, 
the  Netherlands,  Denmark,  Norway  and  Sweden,  and  even  in  far 
off  Alaska,  until  toda}-  the  sun  does  not  set  on  American  Odd 
Fellowship. 

The  young  Odd  Fellow,  wherever  he  may  go,  marches  be- 
neath the  banner  of  a  vast  army  extending  into  many  lands  and 
wielding  its  influence  and  exerting  its  power  in  strange  cities  and 
distant  states,  where,  though  he  travel  east  or  west,  tarries  be- 
neath southern  skies  or  faces  the  frozen  north,  he  will  find  friends 
of  the  mystic  tie  to  extend  to  him  a  brother's  welcome  and 
fraternal  greetings.  In  no  order  can  young  and  old  do  more 
good,  and  no  prouder  legacv  can  you  leave  to  your  sons  and 
daughters  than   knowledge  that  father  was  a  good  Odd  Fellow. 


An  Example  of  Odd  Fellowship 

A  noble  illustration  of  that  great  principle  of  our  Order, 
tolerance  and  the  spirit  of  good  will  toward  all  men,  which 
recognizes  a  common  brotherhood  and  attempts  to  fraternize  the 
world,  was  gi\en  at  the  session  of  the  Sovereign  Grand  I^odge 
held  in  Baltimore  in  September,  1865,  after  the  close  of  the  Civil 
War. 

At  the  annual  sessions  of  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  held 
iluriiig  that  four  years  of  strife  and  carnage,  the  roll  of  the 
Southern  jurisdiction  was  regularly  called,  and  at  the  close  of 
hostilities  the  Southern  members  were  welcomed  to  the  chairs  and 
seats  which  had  been  held  for  them  during  the  four  years  of 
separation.  The  roll  call  in  "65  by  the  venerable  Secretary, 
James  L.  Ridgely,  was  a  notable  event  even  in  fraternal  associa- 
tions. Every  survivor  answered  to  his  name  and  vacancies  had 
been  filled  b}'  southern  jurisdictions  so  that  the  representation  was 
complete.  It  was  the  first  fraternization  of  the  Blue  and  the 
Gray,  and  such  rejoicing  as  was  never  before  known  in  the  Grand 
Lodge  followed  the  scene.  It  was  a  glad  reunion  of  long  separated 
brethren.  Tears  of  joy  filled  many  manly  eyes.  All  business  was 
suspended  and  the  Body  immediately  adjourned.  It  was  a  signifi- 
cant and  happy  illustration  of  the  principles  of  Odd  Fellowship. 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  L\  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      91 


Odd  Fellowship  in  Maine 

The  first  lodoe  in  tliis  State  was  organized  in  Portland, 
August  25,  1848,  and  for  seventy  j^ears  Portland  has  been  the 
home  of  Maine  Odd  Fellowship.  Here  the  Grand  Lodge  and 
(yrand  Encampment  have  their  permanent  headquarters,  with  a 
Grand  Secretary  and  Grand  Scribe  constantly  in  attendance  to 
furnish  supplies,  attend  to  necessary  correspondence  and  render  all 
possible  assistance  to  other  Grand  Officers  in  the  general  advance- 
ment of  the  Order. 

The  Grand  bodies,  Grand  Lodge,  Grand  Encampment  and 
Rebekah  Assembly,  meet  annually  in  Portland  for  election  of 
officers,  general  legislation  and  necessary  business  of  the  different 
branches,  except  that  once  in  four  years  thev  assemble  in  Bangor 
for  the  better  convenience  of  the  great  body  of  Odd  Fellows  resid- 
ing in  the  eastern  and  noi'thern  sections  of  the  State. 

Maine  has  been  fortunate  in  having  usually  at  the  head  of  tlie 
Order  and  all  over  the  State  those  who  have  believed  in  the 
principles  of  Friendship,  Love  and  Truth,  Faith,  Hope  and 
Charity,  and  who  have  taken  Toleration  and  the  Golden  Rule  as 
the  guiding  stars  along  life's  pathway,  laboring  for  the  good  of 
their  fellowmen,  until  today  ^Nlaine  contains  more  Odd  Fellows 
according  to  her  population  than  any  other  state  or  principality  in 
the  world. 

In  1911  there  were  in  this  State  25,447  male  members  and 
14,340  sister  Rebekahs,  making  a  grand  total  of  39,787,  witli  a 
gratifying  annual  increase  which  today  gives  us  more  than  40, 000 
members;  and  looking  after  their  interest,  and  assisting  the  other 
Grand  Officers  of  the  State,  in  the  office  at  Portland,  are  those 
splendid  Odd  Fellows,  veterans  of  the  service,  W.  W.  Cutter, 
Grand  Secretary,  and  Wm.  E.  Plummer,  Grand  Scribe. 

Annual  Benefits  Paid 

The  Order  in  this  State  paid  out  in  1911,  for  sick  benefits, 
funeral  benefits,  watching  with  the  sick,  special  relief,  charity,  and 
widowed    families,    the   grand   total  of  §91,203.43,    and   that  was 


92         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

oiiIa-  an  average  year  in  Maine's  work  of  relief  among  Odd  Fellows 
and  their  dependent  families. 

The  Maine  Lodges  and  Encampments  own  real  estate,  at  a 
low  valuation,  worth  $500,000.00,  and  the  cash  on  hand  and  in- 
vested fmids  in  1911  was  $509,676.63,  making  a  total  of  $1,009,- 
676.63,  and  today  it  exceeds  that  amount,  with  a  steady  ainmal 
increase. 

Maine's  population  makes  but  a  small  part  of  the  ninety -five 
millions  of  people  in  the  United  States,  but  she  has  no  reason  to 
apologize  for  her  motto,  Dirigo,  so  far  as  Odd  Fellowship  is  con- 
cerned, for  she  still  leads  in  the  great  work  of  the  Order. 

Grand  Lodoe 

The  Grand  Lodge,  L  O.  O.  F.  of  Maine,  was  organized  at 
Portland,  March  18th,  18-14,  under  the  supervision  of  George  W. 
Churchill,  District  Deputy  Grand  Sire,  assisted  by  Albert  Guild, 
District  Deputy  Grand  Sire  of  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire  and 
Rhode  Island. 

The  petitioners  for  the  dispensation  were  David  Robinson, 
Jr.,  and  James  N.  Winslow  of  Maine  Lodge,  No.  1  ;  George  W. 
Churchill,  George  W.  Warren  and  James  Smith  of  Saco  Lodge, 
No.  2;  Lucius  H.  Chandler  of  Georgian  Lodge,  No.  3;  Edward 
P.  Ranks  of  Anc't  Bros.  Lodge,  No.  4;  John  D.  Kinsman  of 
Ligonia  Lodge,  No.  5. 

The  first  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  were  George  W. 
Churchill,  Grand  Master;  Lucius  H.  Chandler,  Deputy  Grand 
Master;  James  Smith,  Grand  Warden;  David  Robinson,  Jr., 
Grand   Secretarv ;   J.  N.  Winslow,  Grand  Treasurer. 


Grand  Encampment 

A  Grand  Encampment  was  organized  at  Portland,  Octol)er  23, 
1845,  on  petition  for  a  charter,  by  Encampments,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4, 
5  and  6. 

A  convention  had  been  previously  held  at  Portland,  February 
19th    of   that  year    for    the    purpose  of   making  arrangements  to 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN   PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      93 

petition  the  Sovereign  Grand  Lodge  for  a  charter  for  a  Grand 
Encampment  for  the  State  of  Maine. 

On  call  of  the  Scril)e  of  the  convention,  the  following  Past 
Officers  appeared,  representing  the  following  Encampments: 

Benjamin  Kingsbury,  Jr.,  P.  C.  P.  ;  Eliphalet  Clark,  P.  C. 
P.  ;  James  Pratt,  P.  H.  P.  ;  Joseph  T.  Mitchell,  P.  H.  P.  ; 
Edward  P.  Banks,  P.  H.  P.,  of  Machigonne  Encampment,  No.  1. 

Theophilus  C.  Hersey,  P.  C.  P.  ;  Edward  Wheeler,  Jr., 
P.  C.  P.  ;  James  N.  Winslow,  P.  C.  P.  ;  Nathaniel  F.  Deering, 
P.  C.  P.  ;  Solomon  T.  Corser,  P.  C.  P.  ;  David  Robinson,  Jr., 
P.  H.  P.  ;  Charles  F.  SafFord,  P.  H.  P.  ;  George  Sawyer,  P.  H. 
P.  ;  George  W.  Wildrage,  P.  H.  P.,  of  Eastern  Star  Encamp- 
ment, No.  2. 

Allen  Haines,  P.  C.  P.;  Benjamin  Pkimmer,  Jr.,  P.  H.  P., 
of  Katahdin  Encampment,  No.  4. 

David  B.  Cleaves,  P.  C.  P.  ;  Joseph  Hardy,  P.  C.  P.  ;  David 
H.  Butler,  P.  H.  P.,  of  Hobah  Encampment,  No.  5,  and  George 
H.  Gardiner,  P.  C.  P.,  of  Sagadahock  Encampment,  No.  6. 

The  first  Grand  Officers  were  Theophilus  C.  Hersey,  Grand 
Patriarch;  James  Pratt,  Grand  High  Priest;  Allen  Haines, 
Grand  Senior  Warden ;  David  B.  Cleaves,  Grand  Junior  Warden ; 
Nathaniel  F,  Deering,  Grand  Scribe;  Edward  Wheeler,  Jr., 
Grand  Treasurer. 

Maine  was  thus  qualified  in  184-4  and  '45  to  engage  in  the 
work  of  the  Order  which  has  since  carried  Odd  Fellowship  into 
eveiy  county  of  the  State. 

The  present  officers  of  the  Grand  Lodge  and  Grand  Encamp- 
ment are  as   follows : 


Grand  Lodge  of  JNIaine 

Louis  E.  Flanders,  Grand  Master,  Auburn 

Ellery  Bowden,  Deputy  Grand  Master,  Winterport 

Harry  W.  Reid.  Grand  Warden,  Augusta 

William  W.  Cutter,  Grand  Secretary,  Portland 

William  E.  Plummer,  Grand  Treasurer,  Portland 

Leon  S.  Merrill,  Grand  Representative,  Orono 


94        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Charles  E.  Jackson,  Grand   Rej)resentative,  Portland 

^Valter  L.  Pratt,  Grand  Marslial,  Auburn 

George  T.  Holyoke,  Grand  Conductor,  Houlton 

Rev.  C.  S.  Cummings,  Grand  Chaplain,  Auburn 

Harry  G.  Harlow,  Grand  Guardian,  Turner 

H.  D.  B.  Aver,  Grand  Herald,  North  Vassalboro 

Grand  Encampment  of  Maine 

Willis  E.  Parst)ns,  Grand  Patriarch,  Foxcroft 

Clarence  E.  Frost,  Grand  High  Priest,  Belfast 

Sherman  L.  Berry,  Grand  Senior  Warden,  ^Vaterville 

Wm.  E.  Plumrner,  Grand  Scribe,  Portland 

Albro  E.  Chase,  Grand  Treasure!-,  Portland 

Charles  E.  Jackson,  Grand  Junior  AVarden,  Portland 

Alfred  I.  Kimball,  Grand  Representati\e,  Norway 

Isaiah  G.  Elder,  Grand  Representative,  Brunswick 

Walter  H.  Blethen,  Grand  Marshal,  Dover 

Frederick  W.  Hinckley,  Grand  Sentinel,  Portland 

Joseph  T.  Holbrook,  Deputy  Grand  Sentinel,  Bangor 

Odd  Fellowship  in  Piscata([ui.s  County 

Only  two  years  after  Odd  Fellowship  was  introduced  into 
Maine  at  Portland  and  Bangor,  it  found  a  temporary  resting 
place  in  Piscataquis,  and  Katahdin  Lodge,  No.  29,  was  insti- 
tuted at  Dover,  Juh^  3,  1845. 

Its  charter  members  were,  Thomas  Tash,  H.  G.  O.  Morison, 
A.  L.  Vaughan,  C.  P.  Chandler,  I.  M.  Gerrish,  Hosea  Ricker  and 
Mordecai  Mitchell.  The  first  elective  officers  were,  Thomas  Tash, 
Noble  Grand;  H.  G.  O.  Morison,  Nice  Grand;  A.  L.  Vaughan, 
Secretary;   Mordecai  Mitchell,  Treasurer. 

This  lodge  was  at  first  prosperous,  having  at  one  time 
seventy-five  members.  The  personnel  of  Katahdin  Lodge  was 
rather  a  remarkable  one,  as  shown  in  later  years,  as  it  embraced  in 
its  membership  many  who  afterwards  became  prominent  in  their 
different  professions. 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      95 

Among  them,  Thomas  Tash,  the  noted  educator  of  Portland; 
H.  G.  O.  Morison,  Minneapolis  lawyer;  Charles  P.  Chandler, 
lawyer  and  colonel  in  the  army ;  John  H.  Rice,  Member  of 
Congress;  James  S.  Wiley,  Member  of  Congress;  Daniel  D. 
^'aug•han,  prominent  business  man  and  postmaster  of  Foxcroft; 
Sumner  Laugh  ton,  then  of  Foxcroft,  noted  Bangor  physician; 
Alexander  M.  Robinson,  then  practicing  law  in  Sebec,  later  a 
leading  lawyer  of  Dover,  holding  many  important  positions; 
Charles  A.  Everett  of  Milo,  later  also  a  prominent  lawyer  of 
Dover;  Thomas  Proctor,  then  of  Dover;  Chester  Chamberlain; 
Sherburn  W.  Elliott  of  Dover,  many  years  the  leading  physician 
of  that  town ;  Eben  P.  Greenleaf  of  Williamsburg,  and  many 
others  of  prominence  whose  names  would  be  familiar  to  the  older 
residents  of  the  State. 

This  lodge  was  organized,  however,  too  early  for  so  sparsely 
settled  a  community  and  unlike  those  established  in  the  larger 
centers  could  only  be  temporary.  Its  members  were  scattered, 
many  residing  in  other  towns  who  could  seldom  attend  the  meet- 
ings, the  work  thus  devolving  upon  a  few.  Some  moved  to 
distant  localities,  taking  clearance  cards,  and  in  185T,  it  was 
thought  best  to  close  up  the  affairs  of  the  lodge. 

A  part  of  the  members  had,  nevertheless,  become  so  imbued 
with  the  higher  principles  of  Odd  Fellowship,  that  at  a  good  deal 
of  expense  and  inconvenience  they  joined  other  lodges  in  the 
Penobscot  or  Kennebec  Valleys.  Among  them  was  Nathaniel 
Gray  of  Foxcroft,  one  of  our  honored  citizens,  who  remained  an 
Odd  Fellow  to  the  day  of  his  death. 


Our  Lodges  and  Encampments 

Space  will  not  permit  any  but  the  briefest  history  of  separate 
lodges,  and  it  is  not  intended  in  this  article  to  give  anything  but 
the  most  essential  facts  concerning  the  institution  and  growth  of 
the  several  lodges  and  Encampments,  in  the  chronological  order  in 
which  they  have  taken  up  the  work  of  disseminating  the  prin- 
ciples of  Odd  Fellowship  in  this  section  of  the  State;  the  object  of 
the  writer  being  to  collect  and  preserve  in  compact  form  statistical 


96         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

facts  concerning  the  various  lodges  and  Encampments  which  may 
be  of  easy  access  to  those  interested  in  their  growth  and  deA  elop- 
ment  in  our  own  community. 

If  some  errors  have  crept  in,  it  is  due  to  misinformation,  but 
in  the  main  it  will  be  found,  I  believe,  a  correct  account  of  the 
expansion  of  Odd  Fellowship,  in  a  section  of  Maine's  jurisdiction 
which  is  not  behind  any  other  portion  of  the  State  in  the  practice 
and  exemplification  of  those  cardinal  virtues  taught  by  our  great 
Order. 

Friendship,  Love  and  Truth,  Faith,  Hope  and  Charity  have 
found  faithful  adherents  in  Piscataquis,  while  Toleration  and  the 
Golden  Rule  ha\  e  appealed  to  the  hearts  of  her  people,  and  no- 
where in  Maine  can  be  found  more  loyal  Odd  Fellows  than  those 
who  dwell  upon  the  hills  and  in  the  valley  of  our  own  County. 


Dirigo  Lodge,  No.  63 

Odd  Fellowship  was  successfully  introduced  into  Piscataquis 
County,  January  21,  1869,  under  Nehemiah  H.  Colson,  Grand 
Master,  when  Dirigo  Lodge,  No.  63,  was  instituted  in  the  enter- 
prising town  of  Milo. 

There  were  fi\e  charter  members,  Thomas  A.  Palmer,  Charles 
A.  Snow,  David  13.  Tolman,  Richard  A.  Monroe  and  Moses 
Tolman,  all  active  members,  and  most  of  them  passing  through  the 
chairs  more  than  once.  David  B.  Tolman,  one  of  the  charter 
members  and  three  times  Noble. Grand,  is  still  living,  and  residing 
in  the  town  of  Milo,  where,  as  a  prominent  and  respected  citizen, 
interested  in  the  prosperity  of  his  town  and  the  well-being  of  the 
community,  he  has  seen  Dirigo  Lodge  from  its  small  beginning, 
move  steadily  forward,  avoiding  pitfalls  and  the  fate  of  Katahdin, 
overcoming  obstacles  and  sometimes  dissension  which  for  the 
moment  threatened  disaster,  until  it  has  become,  through  the 
efforts  of  loyal  Odd  Fellows,  thoroughly  grounded  and  for  many 
years  has  held  the  proud  record  of  being  one  of  the  strong  lodges 
of  the  State,  It  now  has  a  memljership  of  250,  with  a  steady 
growth. 

Its  name,  Dirigo,  was  well  chosen  for  it  certainly  leads  in  the 


DAVID  B.  TOLMAN  OF  MILO 
Charter  Mi-niber  and  Past  Noble  Grand  of  Dirifto  Lodge,  No.  (» 


HONORABLE  MARTIN  L.  DURGIN  OF  MILO 

Past  Noble  Grand  of  IJirigo  Lodge,  No.  63 


ODD  lELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      97 

permanent  Odd  Fellowship  of  Piscataquis.  It  embraces  in  its 
membership  those  interested  not  alone  in  their  own  well-being  but 
in  the  prosperity  of  the  entire  community,  and  prominent  men  of 
the  town  are  enrolled  as  members.  Amonn-  its  list  of  Noble 
Grands  are  nianv  whose  reputation  as  men  of  worth  and  character, 
as  valuable  citizens  of  the  State,  are  by  no  means  confined  to  our 
own  County. 

It  has  enjoyed  financial  prosperity  and  has  one  of  the  best 
lodge  homes  in  Eastern  Maine,  with  other  funds  well  invested. 
It  was  incorporated  June  5,  1889,  and  moved  into  its  new  hall  in 
October,  1890. 

Dirigo  has  been  faithful  to  the  injunction  of  Odd  Fellowship, 
"visit  the  sick,  bury  the  dead  and  educate  the  orphan,"  and  has 
paid  out  of  its  treasury  for  the  purpose  of  benefits  and  aid  to 
worthy  brothers  and  their  families  since  it  was  instituted,  $15,000. 

Its  noble  Grands  have  been :  Thomas  H.  Palmer,  Da\  id  B. 
Tolman,  R.  A.  Monroe,  C.  L.  Mitchell,  C.  H.  Savage,  John 
Lindsay,  J.  H.  Macond3er,  Jr.,  C.  D.  Sprague,  George  Gould, 
Thomas  Stoddard,  J.  W.  Gould,  C.  A.  Snow,  A.  C.  Soule, 
George  W.  Howe,  Fremont  French,  Abner  Kamsdell,  C.  H. 
Buswell,  James  L.  Martin,  C.  F.  Clement,  George  W.  Daggett, 
I.  G.  Mayo,  N.  A.  McNaughton,  C.  S.  Harris,  F.  E.  Monroe, 
Walter  H.  Snow,  N.  W.  Brown,  B.  B.  Kimball,  L.  J.  Allen,  H. 
W.  Sargent,  S.  D.  Buswell,  F.  A.  Clark,  James  S.  McNaughton, 
Harvey  Fleming,  M.  L.  Durgin,  Louis  C.  Ford,  W.  A.  Hobbs, 
J.  F.  Davis,  Bert  L.  Gould,  A.  D.  Whitney,  Charles  S.  Home, 
W.  W.  Waugh,  \\^alter  Waterhouse,  L.  G.  C.  Brown,  Hollis  J. 
Hall,  Everett  L.  Souther,  I.  F.  Hobbs,  A.  H.  Chase,  F.  H. 
Gould,  S.  C.  Gould,  C.  H.  West,  M.  S.  Bishop,  W.  M.  Hamlin, 
B.  A.  Kamsdell,  W.  B.  Hobbs. 

Kineo  Lodge,  No.  G4 

The  next  year,  March  23,  1870,  Kineo  Lodge,  No.  64, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  was  instituted  at  Dover  by  James  E.  Hazeltine, 
Grand  Master,  assisted  by  J.  K.  Merrill,  Grand  Representative, 
George  H.  Walden  and  Charles  B.  Nash,  Past  Grands,  and  a 
delegation  from  Milo  and  Bangor. 


98         SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

The  charter  members  were  George  G.  Donning,  William  U. 
Blethen,  Benjamin  C.  Lowell,  G.  E.  S.  Bryant,  Darius  F.  Ayer 
and  J.  B.  Chase.  Of  this  number  George  G.  Downing  is  the  onh' 
survivor  and  still  resides  in  Dover. 

The  lodge  was  instituted  in  one  of  the  small  rooms  in  Ma3'o's 
Hall,  but  on  invitation  of  Mosaic  Lodge,  No.  62,  F.  and  A.  M., 
moved  into  its  hall  in  Foxcroft,  then  in  the  upper  part  of  the  old 
Academy  building  which  formed  a  i)art  of  the  Fa\or  block. 

In  a  few  months  howe\er,  Kineo  Lodge  i)urchased  the  upper 
story  of  the  school  building  on  School  Street  in  Do\er,  known  as 
Merrick  Hall,  which  was  occupied  as  a  lodge  room  until  1887, 
when  it  moved  into  its  present  commodious  quarters  in  the  third 
and  fourth  stories  of  the  Bank  Block  in  Union  Square. 

Merrick  Hall,  which  Kineo  Lodge  formerly  owned  and 
occupied,  was  the  upper  portion  of  the  schoolhouse  building  on 
School  Street  in  Dover,  permission  having  been  given  by  School 
District  No.  1,  to  certain  parties,  to  build  a  second  story  for  a 
public  hall  when  the  schoolhouse  was  erected.  The  right  and 
ownership  of  Kineo  Lodge  in  its  hall  was  always  recognized  by  the 
district. 

After  the  district  moved  into  its  new  schoolhouse  on  High 
Street,  it  called  a  meeting  of  the  school  district  to  see  if  the 
district  would  vote  to  sell  its  school  building  under  Odd  P'ellows 
hall,  still  recognizing  the  ownership  of  Kineo  Lodge  to  the  upper 
story. 

Parties,  however,  taking  the  deed,  claimed  the  whole  building 
and  tried  to  deprive  the  lodge  of  all  right  and  title  to  the  same. 
The  matter  was  contested  in  the  courts  in  suit  versus  W.  D. 
Blethen  and  another  lodge  trustee,  and  is  reported  in  the  77th 
Volume  of  Maine  Reports,  page  510.  The  hall  was  saved  to 
Kineo  Lodge,  the  Law  Court  fully  sustaining  its  ownership  and 
title.  E.  Flint,  A.  G.  Lebroke  and  W.  E.  Parsons  acted  as 
attorneys  for  the  lodge,  and  the  latter  counsel  argued  the  case  at 
the  Law  Court  which  was  held  at  Bangor,  June  term,  1885. 

Kineo  Lodge,  however,  had  outgrown  its  old  ({uarters  and 
when  the  ]*iscataquis  Savings  Bank  erected  its  Bank  Block, 
entered  into  a  contract  for  ownership  of  the  upiier  stories,  where  it 
has  liad,  since  1887,  connnodious  rooms.      By  recent  improvements 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  LN  PISCATAQl  IS  COUNTY      99 

it  now  has  one  of  the  finest  lodf^e  liomes  in  the  State,  The  in- 
vested funds  of  the  lodge,  inehidin<>;  its  real  estate,  amount  to  over 
Si  (),()()().  Since  its  institution,  it  has  paid  out,  to  January  1, 
1912,  for  sick  and  funeral  benefits,  the  sum  of  i?l  5,071.28. 

From  a  lodge  of  seven  members  it  has  become  one  of  the  most 
prominent  lodges  of  the  State,  numbering  372,  making  a  net  gain 
of  sixtv-seven  last  .year,  and  winning  the  proud  distinction  of  being 
the  baiuier  lodge  of  the  State.  Its  members  are  good  Odd  Fellows, 
not  confining  their  efforts  tt)  their  own  lodge,  and  when  the  call 
was  issued  this  vear  for  aid  for  an  Odd  Fellows  Home  at  Auburn, 
Kineo  Lodge  surpassed  all  others  in  the  amount  contributed,  be- 
coming again  in  that  respect  the  banner  lodge  of  Maine.  It  is 
still  growing  in  numbers  and  maintaining  that  spirit  of  true  Odd 
Fellowship  which  bespeaks  for  it  even  greater  usefulness  in  the 
years  to  come. 

Kineo's  Noble  Grands  have  been :  J.  B.  Chase,  B.  C. 
Lowell,  G.  E.  S.  Bryant,  T.  P.  Elliott,  G.  G.  Downing,  G.  ^\^ 
Pratt,  Thomas  Daggett,  Volney  A.  Gray,  G.  G.  Downing,  II.  N. 
Greeley,  William  F.  Washburn,  C.  S.  Ham,  A.  L.  Ober,  B.  F. 
Hammond,  N.  C.  Stowe,  A.  G.  Lebroke,  E.  D.  Wade,  D.  F. 
Ayer,  A.  M.  Cass,  W.  H.  Vaughan,  D.  E.  Dinsmore,  F.  D. 
Thompson,  J.  C.  Cross,  F.  D.  Barrows,  C.  H.  Mansfield,  W.  S. 
Ham,  Hiram  Rogers,  W.  H.  Blethen,  F.  D.  Folsom,  J.  H.  Shaw, 
B.  L.  Batchelor,  C.  B.  Chamberlain,  F.  E.  Bailey,  O.  B.  Chap- 
man, R.  E.  Hoyt,  W.  P.  Mansfield,  S.  T.  Mansfield,  C.  W. 
Bradley,  L.  W.  Pratt,  C.  C.  Lee,  H.  A.  Knowlton,  C.  L.  Hoyt, 
W.  L.  Stoddard,  Edward  Washburn,  D.  A.  Severance,  C.  B. 
Emerson,  M.  D.  Hutchinson,  W.  W.  Blethen,  W.  H.  Bartlett, 
G.  P.  Burrill,  F.  E.  AN'aterman,  S.  A.  Annis,  H.  H.  Maguire, 
J.  H.  Taylor,  A.  G.  Brown,  F.  G.  Adams,  S.  F.  Atwood,  J.  J. 
Folsom,  W.  H.  Day,  C.  S.  Maguire,  S.  J.  Law,  G.  R.  Foss,  W. 
E.  Parsons,  C.  R.  Bailey,  A.  A.  Dinsmore,  A.  M.  Pratt. 


El  Dorado  EncMjnpment,  No.  20 

The  year  1874  was  an  eventful  one  in  the  annals  of  Piscataquis 
Odd  Fellowship,  as  El  Dorado  Encampment,  No.  20,  of  Dover, and 


100      SPRAGUE'8  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Good  Cheer  Lod^e,  No.  37,  of  Guilford,  were  both  instituted,  El 
Dorado  antedatino-  Good  Cheer  bv  onh'  a  few  months. 

It  was  April  14,  ISTl?,  when  Grand  Patriarch  Warren  E. 
Pressey,  assisted  by  A.  D.  Smith,  Grand  Senior  Warden,  N.  G. 
Cummings,  Grand  Scribe,  J.  N.  Reed,  Grand  Representative, 
J.  W.  Sargent,  Grand  Representative,  and  Past  Chief  Patriarchs, 
instituted  El  Dorado  Encampment,  No.  20,  at  Odd  Fellows  Hall  in 
Dover,  with  the  following  charter  members: 

D.  F.  Ayer,  W.  D.  Blethen,  N.  F.  Batchelor,  A.  H.  Blood, 
G.  G.  Downing,  H.  S.  Davis,  T.  P.  Elliott,  V.  A.  Gray,  R.  D. 
Gilman,  C.  S.  Ham,  C.  E.  Hurd,  W.  H.  Knight,  B.  C.  Lowell, 
F.  D.  Thompson  and  Edward  AVashburn. 

El  Dorado  has  been  one  of  the  active  Encampments  of  the 
State,  ready  at  all  times  to  assist  other  Encami)ments  in  ad\ancing 
the  principles  of  Faith,  Hope  and  Charity,  Toleration  and  the 
Golden  Rule,  and,  although  the  other  three  Encampments  in  this 
district  each  drew  charter  members  from  El  Dorado,  it  has  steadily 
advanced  and  now  numbers  205  members. 

It  has  always  occupied  Kineo  Lodge  rooms,  moving  from  the 
old  hall  with  Kineo  in  1887,  and  sharing  the  expense  of  maintain- 
ing the  same  with  the  lodge.  It  has  a  good,  substantial  fund 
invested,  but  has  paid  out  in  benefits  and  aid  the  sum  of  $5,487.- 
01.  Since  it  was  instituted,  it  has  admitted,  advanced  and 
exalted  317  members. 

Its  first  Chief  Patriarch  was  B.  C.  Lowell  of  Dover,  now 
deceased,  and  the  others  in  their  order  were,  C.  S.  Ham,  T.  P. 
Elliott,  G.  G.  Downing,  V.  A.  Gray,  D.  F.  Ayer,  AV.  F. 
Washburn,  J.  AV.  Robinson,  F.  1).  Thompson,  S.  C.  AVhitcomb, 
AV.  E.  Parsons,  H.  E.  Stowe,  J.  H.  Shaw,  F.  D.  Barrows, 
Edward  AVashburn,  C.  H.  Alansfield,  S.  T.  Mansfield,  AV.  E. 
Parsons,  C.  II.  Alansfield,  AV.  B.  Knox,  J.  C.  Cross,  AV.  H. 
Blethen,  S.  T.  Alansfield,  A.  AI.  Cass,  AV.  F.  AA^ashburn,  F.  E. 
Bailey,  G.  L.  Barrows,  AV.  S.  Ham,  D.  E.  Dinsmore,  R.  E. 
Hoyt,  F.  B.  Canney,  AV.  L.  Stoddard,  H.  A.  Knowlton,  F.  D. 
Folsom,  F.  O.  Lanpher,  C.  AV.  Bradley,  C.  L.  Hoyt,  S.  A. 
Annis,  F.  E.  Waterman,  R.  S.  Barber,  D.  A.  Severance,  AA^  AA^ 
Blethen,  J.  J.  Folsom,  M.  D.  Hutchinson,  L.  C.  Sawyer,  F.  H. 
Glover,  AV.  P.  Mansfield,  II.  H.    Maguire,  AV.  H.  Bartlett,  A.  G. 


FRED  D.  BARROWS  OF  FOXCROFT 
Past  Noble  Grand  of  Kineo  Lodj2,e.  No.  6i 


HONORABLE  AUGUSTUS  GARDNER  LEBROKE 

Past  Noble  Grand  of  Kineo  Lodge.  No.  64 
He  was  born   in    Paris,  Maine.    February  !».  IH-2'A.  and    died    in    Foxeroft.  Maine. 

Jnh    1!(.  1SS9 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY      101 

Brown,  J.  H.  Taylor,  F.  G.  Adams,  S.  J.  Law,  C.  S.  Maguire, 
F.  K.  Rogan,  H.  K.  Farnham,  and  the  present  incumbent,  John 
T.  Aver. 


Good  Cheer  Lodge,  Xo.  37 

Good  Cheer  Lodge,  No.  37,  of  Guilford,  was  instituted 
September  24,  1874,  bv  F.  M.  Laughton,  Grand  Master,  assisted 
by  Joshua  Davis,  Grand  Secretary,  E.  A.  Buck,  Grand  Marshal, 
and  Past  Grands  of  Kineo  Lodge  of  Dover. 

The  charter  members  were,  George  W.  Pratt,  Charles  Foss, 
John  F.  Sprague,  Edward  Swanton,  C.  P.  Cass,  J.  C.  Bishop  and 
T.  H.  Brown. 

Good  Cheer  has  been  a  prosperous  lodge  although  meeting 
with  a  heavA'  financial  loss  in  having  its  hall  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1902.  It  erected  a  much  better  one,  however,  of  brick,  with 
stores  underneath.  The  lodge  room  is  large  and  well  furnished, 
wuth  ample  ante-rooms,  all  heated  by  steam  and  up  to  date,  and  is 
rented  to  the  other  fraternal  societies  in  town. 

The  lodge  now  numbers  193  members  and  has  paid  out  for 
benefits  and  relief  the  sum  of  $9,098.77  prior  to  this  year.  It 
has  paid  out  for  expenses  other  than  benefits  and  charities,  S15,- 
072.57,  and  its  total  receipts  up  to  and  including  last  year  have 
been  $30,730.64. 

Its  books  and  records  were  destroyed  in  the  fire,  but  its 
progress  from  year  to  year,  as  revealed  by  its  annual  reports  on 
file  at  the  Grand  Lodge,  shows  it  to  be  one  of  the  substantial 
lodges  of  the  State. 

Its  Noble  Grands  have  been:  G.  W.  Pratt,  J.  H.  Morgan, 
C.  H.  Loring,  C.  F.  Wharff,  C.  W.  True,  S.  J.  Hale,  Daniel  W. 
Hussey,  Martin  H.  Jackson,  Henry  L.  Thomas,  Peter  Cummings, 
Samuel  M.  Gile,  Isaac  Small,  H.  L.  Thomas,  C.  W.  True,  Samuel 
Webber,  A.  H.  McSorley,  Henry  L.  Thomas,  Stedman  H. 
Stevens,  Andrew  H.  McSorley,  Samuel  M.  Gile,  Ansel  Jackson, 
Willard  H.  True,  Hiram  D.  Crockett,  Andrew  H.  McSorley, 
Ansel  S.  Whitney,  Henry  E.  Curtis,  Amos  Beal,  Andrew  H. 
McSorley,  Perez  B.  Beal,  James  E.  Brawn,  Frank  S.  Murray,  Alex 


102      SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

J.  Goldthwaite,  Zebulon  P.  Stevens,  Alex  F.  Edes,  Willis  M. 
Real,  Ernest  W.  Genthner,  Sumner  C.  Bennett,  Azro  C.  Hibbard, 
Jr.,  Millard  Metcalf,  A.  W.  Ellis,  C.  E.  Lombard,  John  Houston, 
Louis  A.  Houston,  A.  C.  Rrockway,  C.  E.  Higgins,  Mellen  S. 
Fogg,  Fred  Mellor,  W.  S.  Small,  Charles  E.  Higgins,  Wilson  E. 
Fish,  Charles  S.  Jenkins,  Selden  D.  Rice,  E.  A.  Somers,  Danville 
L.  Wvman  and  Charles  L,  Adams. 


Orion  llebekah  Lodge,  No.  16 

The  year  1878  saw  the  first  Rebekah  Lodge  instituted  in  this 
County,  when  Milo  again  led  in  introducing  this  branch  of  the 
Order  and  Orion  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  16,  was  instituted  in  that 
town,  October  3,  1878,  by  Grand   Master  John  Read. 

The  charter  members  were,  W.  M.  Hamlin,  Mary  x\. 
Hamlin,  J.  W.  Gould,  Lucy  M.  Gould,  A.  C.  Gould,  Sara  E. 
Gould,  H.  T.  Sherburne,  Avis  Sherburne,  C.  H.  Savage,  Lillie 
Savage,  W.  Scripture,  Hannah  W.  Scripture,  R.  A.  Ramsdell, 
Mary  E.  Ramsdell,  E.  E.  Sturtevant,  Ahnena  Hansconie,  E.  C. 
Long  and  Vira  M.  Long. 

This  meritorious  branch  of  our  Order  has  been  appreciated  by 
the  Odd  Fellows  of  Milo  and  their  families  and  there  are  now  248 
members  in  Orion  Lodge.  It  has  been  of  great  assistance  to 
Dirigo  Lodge  in  advancing  the  principles  of  Friendship,  Love  and 
Truth,  caring  for  the  sick,  maintaining  a  spirit  of  true  Odd 
Fellowship  and  creating  enthusiasm  through  the  sociability  of  its 
gatherings. 

It  is  beautiful  and  impressive  work  and  many  an  Odd  Fellow 
who  has  taken  his  degrees  in  both  Lodge  and  Encampment,  does 
not  linger  until  he  has  the  Rebekah  degree.  If  there  is  no 
Encampment  in  his  town  he  shows  wisdom  by  going  from  the 
Subordinate  Lodge  into  the  Rebekah  Lodge  immediately  on  receiv- 
ing his  Scarlet  degree.  The  Encampment  degrees,  however,  are 
too  important  to  be  neglected  by  any  one  desiring  to  be  a  full  Odd 
Fellow. 

Orion's  first  Noble  Grand  was  John  W.  Gould,  and  tlien  the 
sisters  took  the  ribbons  and  have  driven  most  successfully  since: 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  L\  PISCATAQUIS  COl^NTY     103 

Lillie  Savage,  four  terms;  Sarah  E.  Gould,  Avis  Sherburne,  Mary 
A.  Hamlin,  Ahnena  Hanscome,  Hannah  Scripture,  Serena  Patten, 
two  terms,  Marv  F.  Hol)l)s,  two  terms,  Sarah  Knowles,  Lydia 
Hobbs.  Carrie  A.  French,  Nelhe  Spearing,  two  terms,  Sarah  J. 
McNaughton,  two  terms,  CaHsta  Templeton,  Mary  Church,  Lucy 
Bishop,  R.  J.  HamHn,  Clara  West,  Nellie  Ford,  Delia  Clement, 
two  terms,  Mary  Chase,  Rosa  Durgin,  two  terms.  Belle  Clark, 
Jessie  McNaughton.  tiu-ee  terms,  Mar}-  A.  Ingalls,  two  terms, 
Ada  Kimball,  Mabel  Sargent,  Ella  Lovejoy,  Lizzie  Mayo,  Mary 
Snow,  Aldie  Johnson,  Annie  Drinkwater,  Blanche  Hamlin,  Mary 
Deane,  Susie  Perrigo,  Marion  A.  Crosby,  Lillian  B.  Pooler  and 
Maruaret  Waterhouse. 


Onaway  Lodge,  No.  100 

The  year  188-1  saw  another  important  step  taken  in  the  growth 
and  expansion  of  Piscataquis  Odd  Fellowship,  when  Onawa}-  Lodge, 
No.  106,  of  Monson  was  instituted  by  Grand  Master  J.  Henry 
Crockett. 

The  charter  meml^ers  were,  Dana  Crockett,  A.  J.  Cushman, 
T.  P.  Elliott,  W.  L.  Estabrooke.  E.  J.  Rankins  and  Jolm  F, 
Sprague. 

It  held  its  meetings  in  Masonic  Hall,  and  when  that  was 
burned  in  1910,  lost  hea\ily  in  paraphernalia  and  equipment,  but 
November  9.  1911,  found  it  settled  in  the  new  Masonic  Hall  ([uar- 
ters.  much  larger  than  the  first  and  one  of  the  best  for  work  in 
Eastern  Maine.  New  paraphernalia  has  been  purchased  and  this 
wide-awake  lodge  is  increasing  in  membership  and  growing  in  the 
knowledge  of  true  Odd  Fellowship,  about  thirty  of  its  members  be- 
ing Patriarchs  of  El  Dorado  Encampment,  a  large  class  joining 
the  present  3'ear. 

It  has  but  a  small  territory  to  di-aw  from  and  yet  has  at  the 
present  writing  1  6-t  members,  fifteen  having  been  added  this  year. 
Harmony  and  lirotherly  Love  prevail  and  few  lodges  in  the  State 
have  more  nationalities  on  its  rolls.  A  degree  staff  from  Onaway 
recently  conferred  a  degree  in  Kineo  Lodge  with  seven  nationalities 
represented  on  the  team,   all  good   workers  and  fully  qualified  to 


104<      SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

make  any  man  passing  through  their  hands  feel  that  he  was  hence- 
forth a  brother  of  the  Order. 

Like  other  lodges  in  the  County,  it  has  been  mindful  of  the 
sick  and  needy  and  has  paid  out  in  benefits  and  aid,  $5,866.00 
since  its  institution. 

Its  Noble  Grands  have  been :  Stephen  Barber,  A.  E. 
Bartlett,  W.  C.  Brown,  Neil  Bruce,  Dana  Crockett,  W.  H,  Davis, 
T.  P.  Elliott,  W.  L.  Estabrooke,  A.  W.  Farrar,  S.  T.  Flint,  E. 
H.  Flint,  C.  W.  Folsom,  L.  S.  Hall,  C.  C.  Hall,  E.  T.  Hescock, 
W.  R.  Hughes,  W.  H.  Hughes,  S.  J.  Hughes,  D.  J.  Jackson, 
R.  J.  Jones,  W.  D.  Jones,  Peter  E.  Johnson,  F.  W.  Kirk,  C.  M. 
Poole,  O.  W.  Riddle,  Charles  E.  Sanborn,  Jr.,  Robert  Sawyer, 
H.  E.  Smith,  J.  F.  Sprague,  F.  H.  Sherburne,  George  H.  Farr, 
Harry  M.  Thomas,  F.  J.  Wilkins,  R,  A.  Zimmerman  and  Arthur 
L.    Brown,  present  Noble  Grand. 


Wenonah  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  11 

Three  years  later,  March  23,  1887,  Wenonah  Rebekah 
Lodge,  No.  11,  was  instituted  at  Dover  by  Grand  Master  Freeman 
T.  Merrill,  George  L.  Godfrey,  D.  G.  M.,  Joshua  Davis,  Grand 
Secretary,  and  Past  Grands  of  Kineo  Lodge. 

The  charter  members  were,  Walter  H.  Blethen,  Lizzie  H. 
Barrows,  Fred  E.  Bailey,  Henr}^  T.  Boynton,  Nettie  M.  Boynton, 
James  Bush,  Mary  J.  Bush,  John  F.  Carleton,  Mary  A.  Carleton, 
John  C.  Cross,  David  E.  Dinsmore,  Frances  A.  Dinsmore,  Nellie 
M.  Dinsmore,  Annie  Bryant  Emerson,  Charles  B.  Emerson, 
Edward  L.  Emery,  Estelle  M.  Emery,  Frank  D.  Folsom,  Benjamin 
F.  Farris,  Hannah  L.  Farris,  Ira  S.  Gould,  Emih^  C.  Hale, 
Charles  S.  Ham,  Eliza  A.  Ham,  Willis  S.  Ham,  Fannie  B. 
Howard,  George  E.  Howard,  Abbie  S.  Hoyt,  Charles  H.  Mans- 
field, Mary  E.  Mansfield,  Stacy  T.  Mansfield,  Anna  S.  Norton, 
Samuel  Norton,  Elvira  P.  Oaks,  Howard  B.  Oaks,  Lizzie  S.  Pratt, 
L.  W.  Pratt,  Emma  Sanford,  Angle  M.  Shaw,  John  H.  Shaw, 
Albert  D.  Sherman,  Nellie  E.  Sherman,  Chester  L.  Swallow,  Ella 
M,  Swallow,  Frances  D.  Washburn  and  William  Washburn. 

The    first    officers    were,   William   Washburn,    Noble    Grand ; 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY    105 

Annie  B.  Emerson,  Vice  Grand;  Fannie  B.  Howard,  Recording 
Secretary;  Aima  S.  Norton,  Financial  Secretary;  Emily  J.  Hale, 
Treasurer. 

Wenonali  has  been  one  of  the  most  active  Rebekah  lodges  in 
Eastern  Maine  and  last  year  was  the  banner  lodge  of  the  whole 
State,  making  a  net  gain  of  90  members.  It  now  numbers  347; 
200  sisters  and  147  brothers,  and  is  still  growing.  There  is  only 
one  larger  lodge  in  the  County,  Kineo  Lodge,  leading  with  its  372 
members. 

Wenonali  is  of  great  assistance  in  the  Order  and  fully  answers 
the  purpose  for  which  the  great  founder  of  the  Rebekah  degree, 
Schuyler  Colfax,  intended.  The  prosperity  of  Odd  Fellowship  in 
this  County  is  in  no  small  measure  due  to  the  interest  in  the  work 
evinced  by  the  wives,  sisters,  mothers  and  daughters  of  the 
members  of  the  Order.  The  sociability  of  the  Order  is  also  an 
important  feature  in  creating  enthusiasm  and  progress  and  the 
Rebekahs  have  been  unusually  active  in  sustaining  its  social  gather- 
ings in  all  parts  of  the  County. 

The  Noble  Grands  of  Wenonah  have  been :  William 
Washburn,  Annie  B.  Emerson,  Frances  D.  Washburn,  Estelle  M. 
Emery,  Nellie  E.  Sherman,  Celia  M.  Downing,  Elvira  P.  Oaks, 
Julia  Vaughan,  Emma  Sampson,  Lizzie  Pratt,  Marcia  Cross,  Susie 
Hutchinson,  Abbie  Hoyt,  Eliza  J.  Waterman,  Mary  E.  Mansfield, 
H.  Lizzie  Dinsmore,  Maria  Mansfield,  Mae  Barber,  Edith  N. 
Oakes,  May  E.  Annis,  Lucy  A.  Towle,  May  E.  Adams,  \'an 
Siowe,  Ethel  Burrill,  Minnie  Ray,  Delia  Mclntire,  Gertrude  D. 
Law,  M.  Alma  Sawyer,  Lenora  Day,  Ethel  Dunning,  Helen  M. 
Rogan. 

The  year  1891  was  another  banner  year  for  Piscataquis  Odd 
Fellowship,  two  Rebekah  Lodges  and  one  Subordinate  Lodge  being 
organized  in  the  months  of  May  and  June,  Golden  Link  Rebekah 
Lodge,  No.  37,  of  Guilford,  North  Star  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  38, 
of  Monson,  and  New  England  Lodge,  No.  125,  of  Greenville. 


106       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Golden  I^ink  Rebekah  Lodore,  No.  37 

Golden  Link  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  37,  of  Guilford  was  insti- 
tuted by  Russell  G.  Dyer,  Grand  Master,  assisted  by  Past  Grands 
of  Good  Cheer  Lodii;e  and  others.  May  7,  1891. 

The  charter  members  were,  Minnie  M.  Goldthwaite,  A. 
Goldthwaite,  Annie  P.  Goldthwaite,  F.  S.  Murray,  S.  J.  Hale, 
T.  J.  Chase,  F.  M.  Sawtelle,  S.  H.  Stevens,  A.  S.  Whitney, 
Lizzie  H.  Whitney,  J.  K.  Lambert,  Florence  Lambert,  Ada  L. 
Sawtelle,  Lucretia  E.  Curtis,  Agnes  S.  French,  John  E.  French, 
Sarah  Bemiett,  Velora  J.  McSorley,  Sara  A.  Stevens,  Ernestine 
Hale,  and  others. 

It  now  lunnbei-s  ^70;  177  sisters  and  9-3  brotliers,  making  a 
good  gain  in  membership  nearly  every  year,  and  is  not  behind  the 
other  Rebekah  Lodges  in  the  County  for  good  works  in  furthering 
the  best  interests  of  the  Order. 

It  has  had  to  change  (juarters  twice.  In  190^,  when  Odd 
Fellows  Hall  was  destroyed  by  fire,  it  moved  to  Newbegin  Hall, 
and  later  when  the  present  Odd  Fellows  block  was  erected,  it 
moved  into  its  present  quarters,  finely  equipped  for  the  exempli- 
fication of  this  beautiful  degree. 

Its  Noble  Grands  have  been :  Minnie  M.  Goldthwaite,  Ella 
J.  Edes,  Almeda  Jackson,  Addie  O.  Stevens,  Lizzie  H.  AVhitney, 
Sara  A.  Stevens,  Ernestine  Hale,  Flora  E.  Hibbard.  Isabelle 
Mellor,  Sara  E.  Skillings,  Lilla  J.  Smith,  Rose  B.  Page,  Inez 
Goldthwaite,  Velzora  E.  Arnold,  Mae  McCausland.  Ida  lirockway. 
Ernestine  Hale,  Isabelle  Mellor,  Mary  Somers,  Bessie  Mellor. 
Myra  Drew,  Geoi-gia  E.  Dudley,  Lillian  Jenkins,  lieatrice 
Skolfield. 

Nortb  Stur  Rebekah  Lod.oe,  No.  38 

The  next  day.  May  8,  Grand  Master  Dyer  went  to  the  neigh- 
})oring  town  of  Monson  and  thei-e,  with  the  assistance  of  Past 
Grands,  instituted  North  Star  Rebekah   Lodge,  No.  88. 

Its  charter  members  were,  A.  E.  Bai-tlett,  Hattie  Bartlett, 
W.  C.  Brown,  Ada  J.  Brown,  Angie  Beal,  A.  J.  Cushman,  Annie 
Cushman,  W.  W.  Crooker,  Susie  Crocker,  J.  Davison,  T.  P. 
Elliott,    Sarah   F.    Elliott,    F.    W.    Elliott,    W.    L.    Estal)rooke, 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY     107 

Hannah  E.  Estabrooke,  C.  W.  Folsom,  Clara  Folsoni,  A,  \V. 
Farrar,  Etta  Farrar,  A.  S.  Garland,  Koxie  Garland,  W.  A.  Grav, 
Emma  L.  Gray,  L.  A.  Hibbard,  Lilla  Hibbard,  E.  T.  Hescock, 
Mary  E,  Hescock,  A.  H.  Harding,  Fae  Harding,  E,  K.  Haynes, 
Sarah  Haynes,  C.  L.  Hamilton,  Florence  Hamilton,  ^V.  R. 
Hughes,  Mary  L.  Hughes,  S.  J.  Hughes,  IJelle  Hughes,  L.  S. 
Hall,  E.  L.  Hall,  D.  J.  Jackson,  Bertha  Jackson,  Andrew  Jones, 
K,  J,  Jones,  Frank  Kirk,  Emma  Kirk,  Seth  A.  Leeman,  C.  W. 
Morrill,  Mary  D.  Morrill,  Fred  Mathews,  Ennna  Mathews,  A,  C. 
L.  Nelson,  R.  C.  Penney,  Jennie  Penney,  Samuel  Pennington, 
Marcia  Pennington,  Joseph  Russell,  Eliza  Russell,  O.  J.  Rice, 
Hannah  Rice,  F.  H.  Sherburne,  Jeimie  M.  Sherburne,  William 
Sentner,  Mary  A.  Sentner,  R.  G.  Sawyer,  Lydia  A.  Sawyer,  J.  F. 
Sprague,  L.  N.  Smith,  L.  E.  Stone,  Vira  C.  Stone,  G.  H.  Tarr, 
C.  W.  Weeks. 

This  lodge  is  also  in  a  flourishing  condition  and  has  at  the 
present  time  165  members  with  a  steady  increase.  Like  its  sister 
Rebekah  Lodge  in  Guilford,  it  suffered  from  fire  and  lost  ever}- 
thing  in  the  way  of  paraphernalia  and  lodge  property  except  the 
records  and  lodge  seal,  when  Masonic  Hall  was  burned  No\  ember 
8,  1911. 

The  1-ith  of  last  January  found  it  settled  in  the  new  Masonic 
Hall  and  it  is  now  well  equipped  in  those  fine  quarters  to  continue 
its  good  work  in  advancing  the  interests  of  the  Order  and  illustrat- 
ing the  principles  of  Friendship,  Love  and  Truth. 

Its  Noble  Grands  have  been :  Angie  Real,  Sarah  F.  Elliott, 
Mary  A.  Sentner,  Hannah  E.  Estabrooke,  Jennie  M.  Sherburne, 
Annie  Cushman,  Etta  Fai'rar,  Roxie  Garland,  Lizzie  Davison, 
Hattie  Rartlett,  Mary  E.  Hescock,  Anna  J.  Davis,  Adelia  O. 
Blake,  Kate  E.  Riddle,  Maggie  Smith,  Annie  Glover,  Sarah  S. 
Poole,  Ethel  Hescock,  Delta  Flint,  Mary  Jones,  M.  Augusta 
Wing,  Laveda  ^V.  Farrar,  Minnie  H.  Knight,  Maude  Bray. 

New  England  Lodge,  No.  12.5 

June  loth,  1891,  Grand  Master  Russell  G.  Dyer  again  vis- 
ited Piscataquis,  and  instituted  New  England  Lodge,  No.  125,  at 
Greenville. 


108       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

The  charter  members  were,  W.  I.  Gerrish,  A.  J.  Moore, 
John  INIorrison,  Ed.  Henderson,  Levi  Newton,  Murdock  McLean, 
A\'.  O.  Hilton,  Henry  W.  Budden,  Duncan  Matheson, 
Freeman  Tyler,  Louis  Gill,  Charles  L.  Capen,  Allan  Hinds,  John 
H.  Mansell,  Daniel  Monroe,  Amos  Buhner,  A.  W.  Gerrish, 
George  W.  Brown,  C.  M.  AVoods,  M.  O.  Sawyer,  John  G.  Saw- 
3^er,  M.  McPheters,  D.  C.  Fhilhps,  Henry  Cotter,  John  Billadeau, 
Henry  P.    Sawyer,  Mark  Peavy,  S.    E.  Harford,  Charles  D.  Shaw. 

The  energy  of  this  lodge  is  shown  from  the  fact  that  although 
it  has  but  a  small  territory  to  draw  from,  in  practically  an  iso- 
lated position  with  Aloosehead  Lake  on  the  north  and  wilderness 
to  the  east  and  west,  it  has  had  a  steady  growth  and  now  has  180 
members. 

Since  its  institution  it  has  paid  out  in  benefits  and  aid  the 
sum  of  $2,908.53.  In  1894  it  moved  from  the  old  Town  Hall 
to  Society  Hall  in  the  Shaw  Block,  which  is  much  better  adapted 
to  its  use,  furnishing  an  elegant  home  for  the  lodge. 

Its  Noble  Grands  have  been :  C.  M.  Woods,  C.  D.  Shaw, 
L.  R.  Young,  G.  D.  Sturtevant,  Amos  Buhner,  Freeman  Tjder, 
M.  O.  Sawyer,  George  C.  Mayo,  Edward  Pullen,  Fred  W.  Ryder, 
Eugene  Tyler,  Joseph  B.  Potter,  Clarence  B.  Hamilton,  George 
W.  Brown,  I.  A,  Harris,  T.  E.  Wood,  Oren  A.  Young,  George 
W.  Page. 

Moosehead  Encampment,  No.  51 

Moosehead  Encampment,  No.  51,  was  instituted  at  Guilford 
by  Grand  Patriarch  David  M.  Parks,  assisted  by  other  Grand 
Officers  and  Past  Chief  Patriarchs  from  El  Dorado  Encampment, 
June  29th,  1894. 

The  charter  members  were,  E.  AV.  Genthner,  A.  F.  Edes, 
F.  W.  Kirk,  J.  F.  Sprague,  G.  A.  Bradman,  Z.  G.  Stevens  and 
C.  A.  Davis. 

This  was  the  second  successful  attempt  to  establish  Patri- 
archal Odd  Fellowship  in  Piscataquis.  It  succeeded  so  well,  in 
fact,  that  a  few  years  later  an  Encampment  was  instituted  at  Milo, 
which  is  now  one  of  the  active  Encampments  of  the  Order,  and  is 
making  a  large  annual  increase  in  membership. 


HONORABLE  JOHN  HOUSTON  OF  GLULFOKU 
P:ist  Noble  Grand  of  Good  Cheer  Lod^e.  No.  37 


HONORABLE  MILLARD  METCALF  OF  GREENVILLE 
Past  Noble  Grand  of  Good  Cheer  Lodge,  No.  37 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  LN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY     109 

Moosehead  Encamptiient  is  confined  practically  to  Good  Cheer 
Lodji-e  and  New  England  Lodge  of  Greenville  for  recruits  as  the 
Monson  Patriarchs  are  members  of  El  Dorado  at  Dover.  Good 
Cheer  Lodge,  however,  is  a  good  lodge  and  capable  of  sustaining  a 
large  Encampment. 

Lodges  are  beginning  to  realize  that  their  standing  in  the 
Order  is  better  if  they  have  a  large  per  cent,  of  Patriarchs  among 
their  members,  some  of  them  claiming  as  high  as  sixty-five  per 
cent.  Kineo  Lodge  at  Dover  has  over  fifty  per  cent.,  and 
many  others  through  the  State  nearly  as  many.  As  a  matter  of 
history,  however.  Good  Cheer  Lodge  has  not  as  many  Patriarchs 
among  its  members  as  it  should  have.  It  is  claimed  that  the 
prospect  is  good  for  the  future,  as  it  is  made  up  of  that  class  of  Odd 
Fellows  who  will  not  be  long  satisfied  in  remaining  half  Odd 
Fellows,  when  the  other  degrees  are  so  easily  obtained  and  fully  as 
important. 

Moosehead  now  has  fifty  members.  It  lost  its  paraphernalia 
in  the  fire  referred  to,  but  is  now  well  ecjuipped  and  in  good  condi- 
tion to  work.     It  has  paid  out  in  benefits  since  instituted,  6^485.50. 

Its  Chief  Patriarchs  have  been:  Frank  M.  Briggs,  J.  A. 
Goldthwaite,  A.  C.  Hibbard,  Clarence  E.  Lombard,  Alexander  F. 
Edes,  Clarence  E.  Lombard,  Zebulon  G.  Stevens,  Edward  A. 
Somers,  Charles  E.  Higgins,  M.  S.  Fogg,  C.  W.  Stevens,  Arthur 
AVitham,  Fred  Mellor,  Elmer  Stevens,  Leon  B.  Cousins,  A\'illiam 
B,  AVilliams,  L.  B.  Cousins,  Elmer  Stevens,  and  Selden  D.  Kice. 


Lakeside  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  116 

The  last  Rebekah  Lodge  to  be  instituted  in  this  County  was 
Lakeside  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  116,  of  Greenville.  This  was  insti- 
tuted April  20,  1905,  by  Leon  S.  Merrill,  Grand  Master. 

The  names  of  the  charter  members,  most  of  whom  are  still 
residents  of  Greenville  and  active  members  in  the  lodge,  are,  Eli 
H.  Buck,  Clara  C.  Buck,  Idella  A.  Carleton,  Harry  M.  Carleton, 
Henry  N.  Bartley,  Nellie  L.  Bartley,  Minnie  A.  Bartley,  Susie  M. 
Bartley,  T.  W.  Bartley,  Ellen  Meservey,  AValter  Meservey, 
Edward    CuUen,    Stella    M.    Carleton,   Lon  Tyler,    Eugene  Tyler, 


110       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Flora  Mayo,  George  C.  Mayo,  Caroline  Mitchell,  Peter  McArthur, 
Elizabeth  McArthur,  Alice  A.  Carletoii,  Joseph  B.  Potter,  Lillian 
G.  Hiklreth,  Agnes  Gregan,  James  Gregan,  Freeman  Tyler,  Sadie 
U.  Bartlett,  Lulu  P.  McDowell,  John  E.  McDowell,  Flora  R. 
Wood,  Thomas  E.  ^\^ood,  Ada  M.  Pooler,  E.  M.  Perry,  Isaac  M. 
Murphy,  Elizabeth  Llamilton,  Clarence  Hamilton,  Aggie  Potter, 
Moses  Micue,  Sarah  Micue,  Henry  P.  Sawyer,  Louisa  M.  Sawyer, 
Mabel  S.  Hunt,  Hiram  Hunt,  Annie  E.  Young,  I^eonard  R. 
Young,  John  Arboo,  Amos  R.  Rulmer,  Blanche  F.  Bulmer,  Nora 
Pooler,  Mary  Young,  Myrtle  McPheters,  Nellie  ^Nlasterman,  \  ina 
Evans,  Elizabeth  Blanchard,  Lillie  Brogan,  Sarah  L.  Davis,  Joseph 
S.  Le  Mieux,  Laura  M.  Hiklreth,  L.  L.  Hildi-eth,  Daniel  C. 
Jardine,  Irving  Hamilton,  David   Brown. 

The  lodge  now  numbers  113  and  occupies  the  fine  lodge 
quarters  in  the  Shaw  Block.  It  is  an  important  factor  in  Green- 
ville Odd  Fellowship,  and  like  other  Rebekah  Lodges  in  the 
County,  enjoys  visitations  with  other  lodges  and  does  its  share  in 
maintaining  the  principles  of  the  Order.  It  has  a  steady  increase 
in  membership. 

Its  Noble  Grands  have  been :  Elizabeth  Hamilton,  Stella 
Carleton,  Mary  Young,  Blanche  Meservey,  Myrtle  McPheters, 
Elizabeth  Hamilton,  Lilla  Allen,  Lilla  Allen,  Grace  Young. 


Washington  Encunipnient,  No.  50 

The  youngest  Pjicampment  in  the  County  is  AVashington 
Encampment,  No.  56,  instituted  at  Milo,  Februarj'  22,  1907, 
Willis  A.    Bailey,    Grand  Patriarch. 

The  charter  members  were,  John  E.  Doble,  Chester  H.  Bus- 
well,  Bert  L.  Gould,  Stanley  Paddock,  F.  A.  Genthner,  AV.  AV. 
Waugh,  L,  G.  C.  Brown,  C.  A\'.  A\'entworth,  C.  A.  Sprague,  D. 
AV.  Curtis,  J.  F.  Davis,  F.  R.  Danforth,  H.  A.  Snow,  C.  AV. 
Conner,  A.  J.  Pierce,  A.  C.  Soule,  Fred  M.  Bolster,  A\^  E. 
Gammon,  G.  A^^  Johnstone. 

Although  only  six  years  old,  it  has  been  so  well  supported  by 
Dirigo  Lodge  that  it  now  has  upon  its  rolls  65  members.  The 
steady  growth  which  it  has  enjoyed,  especially  during  the  last  two 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  IN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY    111 


or  three  years,  will  soon  make  it  one  of  the  large  Encampments  of 
the  State. 

A\'hen  instituted,  it  was  placed  in  the  Bangor  district,  but  in 
1910  was  transferred  to  District  No.  11,  which  embraces  El 
Dorado,  No.  20,  of  Dover,  Silver  Lake,  No.  SO,  of  Dexter  and 
Moosehead,  No.  51,  of  (xuilford,  thus  making  a  compact  district, 
easy  for  visitation  and  district  meetings,  which  ai"e  held  each  year. 
With  the  loyal  support  of  a  growing  lodge,  its  future  seems  secure. 

Its  Chief  Patriarchs  in  the  six  years  of  its  existence  have  been: 
J.  F.  Davis,  John  E.  Doble,  W.  W.  Waugh,  I.  G.  lAIayo,  W.  A. 
Hobbs,  Walter  H.  Snow  and  Mollis  J.  Hall. 


Canton  Kineo,  No.  6,  Patriarchs  Militant 

The  first  and  only  Canton  of  Patriarchs  Militant  in  Piscata- 
quis County  was  mustered  in  as  Canton  Kineo,  No.  6,  the 
present  year,  at  Dover,  May  21,  1913,  by  General  Frederick  W. 
Hinckley,  Department  Commander.  The  Commander  was  assisted 
by  General  Charles  M.  Stewart,  Colonel  E.  E.  Kirk,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  A.  R.  Lovette,  Captain  Leroy  D.  White,  Captain  H.  E. 
Harriman,  Captain  J.  T.  Holbrook  and  other  Chevaliers  from 
Bangor. 

An  election  of  officers  resulted  in  the  unanimous  choice  ot 
Willis  E.  Parsons,  Captain ;  Calvin  W.  Brown,  Lieutenant ; 
Arthur  A.  Dinsmore,  Ensign;  Fred  D.  Barrows,  Clerk;  and 
Sanger  E.  Coburn,  Accountant.  The  officers  were  then  installed 
by  Department  Commander  Hinckley. 

The  appointive  officers  are.  Standard  Bearer,  John  A.  Wiles ; 
Guard,  A.  G.  Brown;  Sentinel,  G.  F.  Gould;  Picket,  S.  J.  Law. 
After  the  work  was  completed,  able  and  interesting  remarks  were 
made  by  General  Hinckley,  General  Stew^art  and  others,  and  the 
dismissing  of  the  Canton  was  followed  by  refreshments  in  the  ban- 
quet hall  by  Caterer  D.  E.  Foulkes  of  the  Union  Square  Cafe. 

Much  enthusiasm  was  shown  by  the  Chevaliers,  a  vote  of 
thanks  tendered  Canton  Bangor,  and  at  the  close  of  the  Canton- 
ment three  ringing  cheers  were  given  for  the  Department  Com- 
mander, and  Canton  Kineo,  No.  6,  of  Dover,  was  launched  on  its 


112       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

career  of  usefulness  as  a  unit  of  Patriarchs  Militant  with  the 
lai'gest  charter  membership  of  any  ever  organized  in  this  State. 
El  Dorado  Encampment  alone  can   furnish  over  200  Chevaliers. 

The  regular  meetings  of  the  Canton  will  be  held  the  third 
Wednesday  of  every  month  at  its  Armor}'  in  Odd  Fellows  Hall. 

At  its  first  meeting  after  being  mustered  in,  the  Patriarchs 
Militant  degree  was  conferred  and  six  Chevaliers  added  to  the 
ranks. 

The  charter  members  are:  Willis  E.  Parsons,  Frank  K. 
Rogan,  John  A.  Wiles,  Ralph  L.  Annis,  F.  L.  Sawyer,  Arthur  A. 
Dinsmoi-e,  Calvin  W.  Brown,  Pearl  F.  Sawyer,  S.  T.  Mansfield, 
H.  J.  Merrill,  A.  H.  Bartlett,  C.  S.  Maguire,  W.  B.  Blethen,  F. 
A.  Merrill,  C.  A.  Crommett,  G.  F.  Cudmore,  Edw.  A.  Weed, 
H.  E.  Rowe,  J.  W.  Leland,  George  E.  Vague,  J.  T.  Ayer,  H.  H. 
Maguire,  A.  G.  Brown,  S.  E.  Coburn,  Harold  K.  Farnham,  Oscar 
H.  Folsom,  D.  E.  Dinsmore,  C.  F.  Palmer,  W.  F.  Crommett,  S. 
A.  Annis,  T.  P.  Elliott,  F.  W.  Brown,  Harry  Coy,  Fred  A. 
Moore,  Clarence  E.  LafFerty,  Orman  L.  Trundy,  Fred  P.  Ayer,  A.. 
C.  Moore,  G.  F.  Gould,  A.  M.  Davis,  Elmer  E.  Cole,  E.  H. 
Nickerson,  F.  D.  Barrows,  A.  L.  Gilman,  E.  A.  Glover,  S.  J. 
Chase,  S.  F.  Atwood,  R.  E.  Hoyt,  W.  H.  Bartlett,  W.  S.  Ham, 
Charles  F.  Dearth,  F.  E.  Da},  W.  H.  True,  A.  M.  Pratt,  J.  H. 
Taylor,  E.  A.  Ramsdell,  J.  H.  Shaw,  John  F.  Sprague,  W.  H. 
Buck,  F.  E.  AVaterman,  C.  L.  Hoyt,  R.  H.  Sands,  F.  E. 
Chandler,  George  W.  Harvey,  L.  C.  Sawyer,  E.  D.  Noyes, 
Edward  J.  Mayo,  C.  S.  Swallow,  H.  F.  Powers,  S.  J.  Law,  E.  J. 
Rankins,  F.  T.  Crommett. 

Honorable  John  F.  Sprague  of  Dover,  for  aid  rendered  in  the 
organization  of  different  branches  of  the  Order,  has  a  record  un- 
equaled  in  this  County,  if  not  in  the  State:  five  times  his  name 
has  appeared  as  charter  member,  first  in  Good  Cheer  Lodge,  No. 
37,  of  Guilford,  then  Onaway  Lodge,  No.  106,  and  North  Star 
Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  38,  both  of  Monson,  ]\Ioosehead  Encamp- 
ment, No.  51,  of  Guilford,  and  this  year,  Canton  Kineo,  No.  6,  of 
Dover. 


HONORABLE  JOHN  F.  SPRAGUE  OF  DOVER 
Past  Noble  Grand  of  Onaway  Eodge.  No.  1()() 


LOUIS  C.  FORD.  M.   I)..  ()p^  MILO 
Past  Noble  Grand  of  Dirjo-o  I.odoe.  No.  (iS 


ODD    FELLOWSHIP  LN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY     118 


Our  Fraternity 

All  branches  of  the  Order  in  Piscataquis  have  shown  a  most 
laudable  spirit  of  good  fellowship  and  true  fraternity.  Visitations 
of  lodges  are  a  common  occurrence  in  this  part  of  Maine's  jurisdic- 
tion. Subordinate  and  Kebekah  I^odges  have  social  gatherings, 
other  lodges  being  invited,  degrees  conferred  on  candidates,  enter- 
tainments given  with  good  music  by  the  lodge  orchestra,  at  which 
friendly  interchange  of  remarks  under  the  Good  of  the  Order  are 
often  inspiring  and  helpful  to  the  work,  all  followed  by  a  sump- 
tuous banquet  usually  prepared  by  the  local  Rebekah  Lodge. 

Frequently  old  El  Dorado  Encampment  holds  such  gather- 
ings, or  loads  its  paraphernalia  on  the  train  and  with  its  degree 
staff  and  a  goodly  number  of  other  Patriarchs,  goes  to  Milo,  Mon- 
son  or  Dexter  to  work  a  degree  and  sometimes  to  Bangor  or  other 
sections  out  of  the  County. 

Silver  Lake  Encampment  at  Dexter  is  a  wide-awake  Encamp- 
ment, growing  rapidly.  Most  of  its  charter  members  were  El 
Dorado  Patriarchs,  and  a  true  brotherly  spirit  has  always  existed 
between  them  and  the  Patriarchs  of  Piscataquis.  Silver  Lake 
Encampment  is  also  in  this  district,  which  is  composed  of  four 
Encampments,  El  Dorado,  No.  20,  at  Dover,  Silver  Lake,  No.  30, 
at  Dexter,  Moosehead,  No.  51,  at  Guilford  and  Washington,  No. 
56,  at  Milo.  Its  history  as  an  Encampment  might  well  be  given 
here,  except  that  this  article  purports  to  be  a  brief  account  of  Odd 
Fellowship  in  Piscataquis  County. 

This  fraternizing  of  Lodges  and  Encampments  has  been  very 
beneficial  to  all  branches  of  the  Order  in  this  section.  Enthusiasm 
for  the  work  has  been  created  and  social  intercourse  has  strength- 
ened fraternal  ties,  developing  a  deeper  appreciation  of  the 
principles  of  the  Order  and  a  unity  in  that  purpose  of  extending 
its  blessings  to  still  greater  numbers  who  may  be  found  ready 
to  assume  its  obligations.  It  has  proved  a  potent  factor  in  the 
steady  growth  of  Odd  Fellowship  in  this  district. 

The  Lodges  and  Encampments  in  this  County,  some  of  them 
instituted  in  recent  years  and  all  of  small  beginning,  have  paid  out 
in  relief  to  its  members  and  the  needy,  $51,000.00.  This  is 
surely  a  magnificent  relief  fund  in  a  small  community  like  ours,  but 


lU       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

while  the  command  of  our  Order  is  to  "visit  the  sick,  relieve  the 
distressed,  bury  the  dead  and  educate  the  orphan,*'  it  is  bv  no 
means  the  most  important  part  of  our  great  institution. 

We  strive  to  elevate  all  mankind;  to  improve  the  character  of 
man,  to  awaken  in  him  a  higher  conception  of  his  capabilities  for 
good,  to  enlarge  the  sphere  of  his  affections,  and  prepare  him  for 
the  "true,  fraternal  relation  designed  by  the  Great  Author  of  his 
being, ' ' 

What  Odd  Fellowship  means  to  the  community,  state  or 
nation  in  which  it  flourishes,  only  members  of  the  Order  familiar 
with  its  principles  and  its  profound  teachings  as  an  institution  can 
know.  It  recognizes  all  men  as  brothers,  and  so  cordial  and 
friendly  are  the  relations  of  its  members  that  politics  or  religion  are 
never  discussed  and  so  far  as  known  never  thought  of  in  the  lodge 
room.  There  is  no  caste.  Here  the  rich  and  the  poor,  the  high 
and  the  low,  meet  on  a  common  level,  all  learning  humility  and 
the  essential  features  of  the  great  lessons  of  life. 

It  makes  for  better  citizenship,  and  good  citizens  make  a  great 
Republic.  Paul  reasoned  of  righteousness,  temperance  and  a 
judgment  to  come.  So  Odd  Fellowship  teaches  righteousness, 
right  living,  just  precepts  and  that  true  love  of  God  and  humanity 
which  banishes  wrong  impulses  from  the  heart  so  that  it  ma}'  not 
foster  evil,  the  bane  of  society,  the  foundation  of  all  wrong,  the 
"progenitor  of  crime,  hatred  and  violence." 

And  it  is  true  that  our  Order  has  been  the  means  whereby 
many  a  brother  has  received  his  first  practical  Christian  lesson. 
Its  members  learn  to  teach,  hence  to  know  some  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful lessons  drawn  from  Holy  Writ,  and  as  the  older  members  have 
been  enlightened  so  they  strive  to  enlighten  those  who  seek  to 
become  one  with  them,  to  make  each  new  acquisition  to  their  ranks 
feel  as  the}-  take  him  by  the  hand  and  he  looks  them  in  the  face, 
that  he  is  in  all  the  force  of  its  deep  meaning,  a  brother. 

And  how  much  of  real  Christianity  is  embraced  in  that  word, 
brother.  What  true  religion  of  the  heart  is  embodied  in  a  sincere 
brotherhood.  How  uplifting  the  associations  of  the  lodge  room, 
the  home  of  the  Odd  Fellow,  where  the  world  is  shut  out  and  those 
who  have  assumed  the  sacred  obligations  find  that  Sympathy  and 
Love  assert  their  mild  dominion,  while  Faith  and  Charity,  so  rare 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  L\  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY     115 

in  the  world,  here  combine  to  bless  the  mind  w  ith  peace  and  soften 
the  heart  with  sympathy.  Charity,  Charity  toward  each  other, 
Charity  which  suffereth  long  and  is  kind,  and,  recoonizino;  the  frail- 
ties of  humanity,  strives  to  help  an  erring  or  unfortunate  brother 
with  a  true  Christian  spirit. 

Temperance  is  also  taught  and  no  man  who  in  any  way  deals 
in  intoxicants  can  become  a  member  of  the  Order.  Not  all  Odd 
Fellows  are  teetotalers,  but  the  number  who  are  addicted  t<j  the 
use  of  intoxicating  liqiioi's  is  l)ecoming  less  every  year  and  an  in- 
fringement of  lodge  rules  leads  to  discipline  and,  if  persisted  in,  to 
expulsion  from  the  Order.  No  good  Odd  Fellow,  however  firm  his 
control  of  his  own  appetite,  sets  a  bad  example  for  a  weakei-  brother 
to  follow.  He  asks  not  the  questicm,  ''Am  I  my  brother's 
keeper.^''  but  rather,  "How  can  my  influence  be  extended,  that  I 
may  exert  a  greater  power  for  good.^*" 

Of  a  judgment  to  come,  the  Odd  Fellow  is  also  reminded,  and 
keeps  in  view  the  vanity  of  worldly  things,  the  instability  of 
wealth  and  power,  and  knowing  man's  mortality  and  the  certain 
decay  of  all  earthly  greatness,  strives  for  immortality  in  that  sphere 
where  it  is  fully  realized  that  the  God  of  nations  is  the  Father  of 
all  men  and  all  men  are  brothers. 

It  teaches  loyalty  to  country  and  flag  and  the  nation  today  is 
a  stronger  Republic  by  reason  of  nearly  two  million  of  men  above 
the  age  of  twenty-one  within  its  borders,  who  bear  aloft,  side  by 
side  with  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  the  banner  of  Amei-ican  Odd  Fel- 
lowship. That  mighty  host  now  spreading  throughout  Christendom 
with  Amicitia,  Amor  et  Veritas,  inscribed  upon  its  banner,  is 
rapidly  fraterni/ing  the  nations  of  earth  and  hastening  the  hour 
when  they  shall  learn  war  no  more,  when  one  law  shall  bind  all 
nations,  tongues  and  kindreds  of  the  earth,  and  that  law  will  be 
"the  law  of  universal  brotherhood.'"  The  lessons  of  Odd  Fellow- 
ship, founded  upon  Holy  \\'rit  and  laid  down  in  our  ritual,  have 
been  prepared  by  the  greatest  minds  that  ever  blessed  this  free,  big- 
hearted  country  of  ours  and  are  beautiful  in  construction  and  last- 
ing in  eff'ect. 

The  laws  and  regulations  of  the  Order  are  under  the  Sovereign 
Grand  Lodge,  which  meets  annually,  its  legislative  body  being 
made  up  of  two  representatives  from   each  Grand  Lodge  and  two 


116       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

from  eacli  Grand  Encampment  under  its  jurisdiction,  and  no  abler 
body  of  men  ever  assembles.  It  has  been  called  the  senate  of  the 
world.  This  body  keeps  abreast  of  ever  changing  conditions,  the 
needs  of  the  Order  and  of  the  people  in  different  nationalities  where 
its  various  branches  exist. 

No  greater  agency  for  good  to  humanity  now  exists  among 
fraternal  associations,  or  was  ever  known  to  mankind.  It  is  being 
recognized  in  other  lands  and  the  future  no  man  can  tell,  but  the 
rapid  growth  of  the  Order  shows  that  it  is  more  and  more  ajipre- 
ciated  by  men  who  have  the  good  of  humanity  at  heart.  Our  own 
County  of  Piscatatjuis  is  more  temperate,  more  law  abiding,  more 
Christian  in  spirit,  and  has  more  good  fellowship  by  reason  of  Odd 
Fellowship.  It  surely  is  worthy  the  support  of  everv  citizen  who 
is  so  fortunate  as  to  be  eligil)le  to  its  I'anks. 

To  members  of  the  Order  who  are  familiar  with  its  teachings, 
I  have  sometimes  likened  Odd  Fellowship  to  a  mighty  temple, 
illuminating  the  earth,  its  bright  rays  penetrating  the  darkness  of 
prejudice,  hatred  and  violence.  AVithin  its  shining  portals  there  is 
no  sect  or  creed  for  there  the  God  of  Nations  is  the  Father  of  all 
men  and  all  men  are  brothers. 

Under  its  benign  influence  the  tear  of  the  widow  is  stayed  and 
the  orphan  loves  to  linger,  while  the  aged  and  infirm  thank  God 
for  its  protection.  Refoi'e  its  altar  strong  men  learn  of  the  insta- 
bility of  wealth  and  power  and  that  there  Friendshij)  and  Love 
assert  their  mild  dominion,  while  Faith  and  Chai-ity  combine  to 
bless  the  mind  with  peace  and  soften  the  heart  with  sAinpathy. 
The  votaries  at  its  shrine,  a  mighty  host  among  the  sons  of  men, 
imbued  with  Toleration  and  the  Golden  Rule,  Sympathy  and  Love, 
reach  out  toward  all  humanity,  hastening  that  period  when  one  law 
shall  bind  all  nations,  tongues  and  kindreds  of  the  earth,  and  that 
law  will  be  the  law  of  universal   l)rotherhood. 


Stated  Meetinos  of  the  Order 

For  the  benefit  of  visiting  Odd  Fellows,  the  date  of  stated 
meetings  of  the  different  branches  of  the  Order  in  this  County  is 
here  given : 


ODD  FELLOWSHIP  LN  PISCATAQUIS  COUNTY     117 

Subordinate  Lodges 

Dirif^o  Lodf)e,  No.  63,  Milo,  each  Wednesday  evening. 
Kineo  Lodge,  No.  64,  Dover,  each  Friday  evening. 
Good  Cheer  Lodge,  No.   B7,  Guilford,  each  Thursday  evening. 
Onavvay  Lodge,  No.  106,  Monson,  each  Thursday  evening. 
New    England    Lodge,    No.     125,    Greenville,    each    Monday 
evening. 

Encampments 

El  Dorado  Encampment,  No,  20,  Dover,  first  and  third 
Monday  evening. 

Moosehead  Encampment,  No.  51,  Guilford,  first  and  third 
Tuesday  evening. 

Washington  Encampment,  No.  56,  Milo,  second  and  fourth 
Monday  evening. 

Rebekah  Lodges 

Wenonah  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  11,  Dover,  first  and  second 
Tuesday  evening. 

Orion  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  16,  Milo,  first  and  third  I'^riday 
evening. 

Golden  Link  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  37,  Guilford,  first  and  third 
Friday  evening. 

North  Star  Rebekah  Lodge,  No,  38,  Monson,  second  and 
fourth  Tuesday  evening. 

Lakeside  Rebekah  Lodge,  No,  116,  Greenville,  first  and  third 
Thursday  evening. 

Patriarchs  Militant 

Canton  Kineo,  No.  6,  Dover,  third  Wednesday  of  every 
month. 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

PUBLISHED    QUARTERLY 
Vol.    1  SEPTEMBER,    1913  No.  3 


JOHN  FRANCIS  SPRAGUE,  Dover,  Maine,  Editor  and  Publisher,  to  whom  all  com- 
munications should  l)e  addressed. 

Entered  as  si'cond  class  matter,  at  the  post  ofliee  at  Dover,  Maine. 

'I'EKMS:  For  all  numbers  issued  duringr  the  year,  including:  an  index  and  all  special  is- 
sues, §1.(10.  Siuiile  copies,  '25  cents.  Bound  volumes,  containing  all  of  the  issues  for  one  year, 
$1.50.     Postage  prepaid. 


"  IVe  imist  look  a  little  into  that  process  of  nation-making 
ivhich  has  been  going  on  since  preliistoric  ages  and  is  going 
on  here  aviojig  ns  to-day,  and/rom  the  recorded  experience 
of  men  in  times  long  past  we  may  gather  lessons  of  infinite 
value  for  ourselves  and  for  onr  children' s  children.'' 

— John  Fiske. 


Organization 

One  of  the  most  important  elements  which  constitutes  the 
civilization  of  this  age,  is  organization.  Every  go>ernment  in  the 
world  avails  itself  of  this  power. 

A  Republic  like  ours  cannot  maintain  the  political  purity  and 
integrity  of  its  statesmen  and  leaders  without  moi-e  than  one  politi- 
cal party.  A  thorough  and  complete  organization  of  these  parties 
is  necessary  for  them  to  exist.  Politicians  recognize  the  })ower  and 
utility  of  this  to  a  great  extent;  consequently  men  who  are  natural 
organizers  are  among  the  ablest  and  mcjst  successful  statesmen  in 
this   country. 

In  the  religious  world  it  is  the  same.  The  Catholic  Church 
owes  much  of  its  wonderful  success  to  its  perfect  organization. 

Now  there  are  certain  truths  and  principles  which  e\erv  one 
admits  are  right  and  should  be  promulgated. 

All  will  admit  that  friendship,  benevolence,  love  and  charity 
should  be  practiced  by  all  men. 

None  will  deny  that  anything  which  will  serve  to  enlighten  us 
in  regard  to  our  duty  towai-ds  each  other  as  members  of  the  great 
brotherhood  of  mankind  should  be  encouraged  and  receiAe  attention. 

The  only  (piestion  that  can  arise  is  in  relation  to  the  means  to 
be  used  to  accomplish   these  results. 


SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY       119 

Fraternal  orders  like  the  Odd  Fellows,  have  a\ailed  themselves 
of  this  mighty  power  of  organization,  for  the  purpose  of  practicing 
and  making  more  perfect  the  application  of  these  principles  among 
their  fellowmen. 

And  such  orders  are  doing  a  \  ast  amount  of  good  in  the  world, 
and  the  world  is  begiiniing  to  understand  and  appi'eciate  them. 
Manv  wonder  at  their  success,  but  it  is  no  miracle  oi-  m\sterv. 


DAVIS'  SPRUCE  GUM 

is  Nature's  Own  Product 

Refined    from    Selected    Maine   Stock 
Sold  everywhere  or  sent  direct 

Harrv  Davis,         Monson,  Maine 


AN  OUNCE  OF  MILLINERY  SENSE  will 
enable  anyone  to  buiki  a  hat.  but  it  takes 
EXPERIENCE  and  JUDGMENT  combined 
with  Skilled  Designers  to  fashion  MILLI- 
NERV  WITH  CHARACTER  TO  IT.  "A  hat 
for  every  woman's  head."  Call  and  see  my 
line. 

FRANCES  E.  GELLERSON 
Dover,  Maine 


A.  W.  Gilman  k  Co. 

Flour 

Western  Grain 

Hav  and  Straw 


Wholesale  and  Retail 
Write  for  Prices 


FOXCROFT,         -         MAINE 

Phone  202-11 


To  Bookbuyers  and  Others 

Are  you  in  want  of  any  out  of  print  book  or  publication  ?  If  so,  I 
should  be  pleased  to  assist  you.  I  am  in  communication  with  many  of 
the  largest  dealers  in  second-hand  and  out-of-print  books  in  all  sec- 
tions of  the  United  States,  England,  France  and  Germany,  and  receive 
their  catalogues  regularly.  I  will  assist  you  in  looking  up  any  genea- 
logical or  historical  data  you  desire.  Charges  moderate.  Any 
iiirrent  publication  which  you  do  not  find  at  your  book  store  I  will  ob- 
tain for  you  at  short  notice. 

EDGAR  C.  SMITH, 

Foxcroft.  Maine. 


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120       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

BUMPS  k  OWEN    j  The     Roberts     House 

is  where  a  large  portion  of  the  traveling- 
General     Insurance     Agents  '  public  stop  when  in  the  beautiful  and 

picturesque  village  of  Monson. 

Ti/iTTi-^       AfATTVT^  Good  rooms,  excellent  table  fare  and 

'  the  best  of  service. 


GET    THE    HABIT 


R.  M.  Ingalls  Clothing 
Company 

MILO,   MAINE 

New     York    Department     Store 
ROBINSON  BROS. 

Tlie   largest   line   of  Clothing:,    Boots,    Shoes 
and  Rubbers,  Dry  and  Fancy  Goods,  Ladies' 
Suits  and  Garments,  Carpets,  Rugs,  Etc. 
Chic   Underwear,    Ask   us   for   the  "Nemo," 
P.  N.  or  Wilhelmina  Corsets. 

MILO,  MAINE 

F.  U.  Witham  &  Co. 

DEALERS  IN 

Stoves,   Ranges  and 
Furnaces 

GUILFORD,   MAINE 


Young,  Judkins  &c  Co. 

DEALERS  IN 

Stoves,    Furnaces  and 

Tinware 

Plumbing  and  Heating 

GREENVILLE,  -  MAINE 

Phone  17-2 

Arthur  A.  Clark  &  Co. 

COMPLETE  HOUSE 
FURNISHINGS 


MILO, 


MAINE 


MILO  FRUIT  CO. 

C.  O.  PURDY.    Proprietor 
22  Main  Street.  MILO,  MAINE 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealers  in 

Fruit,    Confectioner}',    Nut.s,    Ice 

Cream,  Cold  Soda  and    Cigars 

Phone  15-1 


The  most  beautiful  site  for  hotels,  clubs    or  cottages  to  be  found 
on  any  inland  lake  in  Maine  is  now  for  sale. 

THE  FAMOUS  MACFARLANE  FARM 

in  Greenville  on  the  shore  of  Moosehead  Lake.  It  is  500  feet  higher 
than  the  surface  of  the  lake  and  1600  feet  above  sea  level.  Over- 
looks a  large  portion  of  this  great  lake  and  within  view  of  some  of 
the  grandest  scenery  in  the  world.  Contains  400  acres.  About  100 
acres  under  high  state  of  cultivation,  the  remainder  valuable  forest 
growth.  Address,  Victor  W.  Macfarlane,  235  Fifth  Avenue, 
New  York  City,  N.  Y. 


We  have  positive  evidence  of  the  reliability  of  the  advertisers  on  these  pages 


SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY       129 


Falmouth     Hotel 
J.  J.  POOLER, 

Proprietor, 


Portland,  Maine. 


European   and   American    Plan. 


50,000  Horse  Power 

AVAILAHLK    FOK     INDl'STKIES    IN     CENTRAL    MAINE 

Central  Maine  Power  Co. 

Offices   at   Augusta,    Gardiner,    Waterville,    Skowhegan, 
Pittsfield  and  Dexter. 


CONTENTS 

General  John  Parker  Boyd  and  Jad^e  Henr}-  Orne,              -  131 

Wayfarer's  Notes,           -          -          -          -          -          -          -  136 

Poem — Bii>uyduce,               -_--._  144 

Along  the  Old  Savage  Road,  (Editorial)           -          -          -  145 

Notes  on  Judge  Jonathan  Saywai-d  of  York,  Maine,           -  148 
Joseph   Eller\'  Foxcroft,   the  Original   Proprietor  of  the  Town 

of  Foxcroft,  Maine,         -          -          -          -          -          -  150 

The  Lexington  of  the  Seas,          -          -          -          -          -  157 

Vital    Statistics     from    the    Early    Records    of    the    Town    of 

Monson,  Maine,             ---_..  lg5 

Notes  and  Fragments,           ------  167 

John,  or  John  Jackson  Folsom,           .          -          -          -  170 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Frontispiece,   "  Fort  Flalifax,"                   -          -          -          -  130 

Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft,             ------  150 

Machias  River,              -------  162 


1,'JO       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


A  CoUmial  laiuliiiMrk  now  sLiridiiiii  iii  ('ciilral  Mnino,  heiiifr  situatod  within  the  town  of 
Winslow  ill  Ki'iinohi'c  County.  In  17.')l  Ciovcrnor  Sliiik-y  erected  (luite  an  extensive  fortifica- 
tion there  wliieh  would  acconnnodate  four  huiuh'ed  men.  It  was  situated  at  tlie  junction  of 
tlie  Kennel)ec  and  .Sehastieook  K  i  vers,  near  Ticonie  Falls.  The  al)ove  represents  one  of  the 
block  houses  of  this  fortification  on  the  same  sjjot  where  it  was  originally  built  and  is  now 
know  11  as  "Fort  Halifa.x." 


John    Francis    Spra^ue's    Books  1    S.   G.   SANFORD    &  SON 

Livery  and  Sales  Stable 


Pist-ataquis  Biography  and  Frag- 
ments. $1.00 

Seba.stian  Rale,  a  Maine  Trag- 
edy  of  thi-  IStli  Century.  $1.00 

The  North  Eastern  Boundary 
Contro/ersv  anil  the  Aroos- 
took War,  "  $1.25 

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Season.  .25 

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Any  of  the  above  named  books  will  be 
sent  postpaid  upon  receipt  of  the 
jirice. 

A.   J.    HUSTON, 

92  Exchange  St.,  Portland,  Maine. 


Shlish  Rigs,  Horses,  Carriages, 
Sleighs,  Harness  and  Robes. 

LARGEST  REPOSITORY 
IN      EASTERN     MAINE. 

Teams  to  and  from  all  trains. 
Summer  Street,  near  M.  C.  R.  R.  Station, 

F'oxcroft,  Maine. 
Phone  92-2. 


We  have  positive  evidence  of  the  reliability  of  the  advertisers  on  these  pages 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

Vol.   I  OCTOBER,  1913  No.  4 


General  John  Parker  Boyd  and  Judge  Henry 

Orne,  the  Original  Proprietors  of  the 

Town  of  Orneville,  Maine 

Itead   Before  the    Piscataquis  Historical    Society    bv  John   Francis 

Sprague 

(Continued  from  Page  47.) 

Henry  Orne,  from  whom  the  town  of  Orneyille  deriyed  its  name, 
was  one  of  the  Ornes  of  Marblehead  in  the  Connnon wealth  of 
Massachusetts.  They  were  among  the  most  prominent  citizens  and 
early  patriots  of  the  Colony. 

He  was  a  descendant  in  the  fourth  jojeneration  from  Joshua 
Oi'iie,  who  was  a  merchant  and  frequently  a  town  officer  in  Marble- 
head. 

Colonel  Azor  Orne,  son  of  Joshua  and  the  grandfather  of 
Henry,  was  born  in  Marblehead,  July  22,  1731.  He  began  his 
public  career  in  1773  as  a  representative  to  the  General  Court;  but 
he  gained  the  most  renown  in  1775  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolutionary  AVar.  He  was  active  as  a  member  of  the  Committee 
of  Safety.  He  was  a  member  of  both  branches  of  the  General 
Court  and  a  delegate  to  the  Provincial  Congress.  With  Elbridge 
Gerrv  and  Jeremiah  Gerry  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  First 
Continental  Congress. 

Roads  "History  and  Traditions  of  Marblehead"*  (1880)  page 
217  savs  of  Colonel  Orne:  "He  was  an  eminent  patriot,  freely 
gi\ing  his  time,  and  loaning  his  money  for  the  cause  in  which  he 
was  engaged. "" 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion and  also  of  the  convention  called  for  the  adoption  of  the 
Federal  Constitution  in  1788.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Council 
in  1780  and  1788,  and  in  1792  was  chosen  an  elector  of  President 
and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States. 

On  the  twenty-eighth  of  October,  1771,  a  town  meeting  was 
held  in  Boston  to  consider  what  action  should  be  taken  in  regard 


132       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

to  British  usurpation.  At  this  meeting,  which  was  undoubtedly 
the  most  important  one  of  the  kind  ever  held  in  the  colony,  John 
Hancock  presided,  and  it  has  been  said  that  then  and  there  "the 
foundation  was  laid  for  the  American  Union." 

It  was  at  this  town  meeting  that  Samuel  Adams  made  his 
famous  motion  that  "a  committee  of  correspondence  be  appointed, 
to  consist  of  twenty-one  persons,  to  state  the  rights  of  the  colonists 
and  of  this  province  in  particular,  as  men  and  christians,  and  as 
subjects;  and  to  communicate  and  publish  the  same  to  the  several 
towns  and  to  the  world,  as  the  sense  of  this  town,  with  the  in- 
fringements and  violations  thereof  that  have  been,  or  from  time  to 
time  may  be,  made." 

James  Otis  was  chairman  of  this  committee  and  a  letter  was 
prepared  and  sent  to  every  town  in  the  province.  One  of  the  first 
towns  to  respond  to  this  spirited  call  was  Marblehead,  which  they 
did  by  calling  a  town  meeting.  Thomas  Gerry  was  moderator  and 
a  committee  was  chosen,  of  which  Colonel  Azor  Orne  was  chair- 
man ;  the  other  members  being  P^lbridge  Gerry,  afterwards  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  Governor  of  Massachusetts, 
Thomas  Gerry,  Jr.,  Joshua  Orne  and  Captain  John  Nutt. 

Colonel  Orne  was  subsequently  made  chairman  of  another 
committee  known  as  "a  committee  on  grievances."  Colonel  Orne 
was  active  in  the  affairs  of  the  colony  w'hich  led  up  to  the  Revolu- 
tion, served  in  the  war  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Lexington.  " 

He  was  the  friend  and  intimate  associate  and  valued  advisor 
of  such  renowned  patriots  as  James  Otis,  the  Gerrys,  Samuel 
Adams  and  John  Hancock. 

Colonel  Azor  Orne  married  Sarah  Gerry  in  December,  1785. 
She  was  a  niece  of  Elbridge  Gerry. 

Azor  Orne,  Junior,  son  of  Colonel  Azor  Orne,  was  born  March 
1,  1762,  and  died  April  17,  1795.  Very  little  regarding  his  life  is 
obtainable,  he  having  thus  died  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-three  years. 

Judge  Henry  Orne,  son  of  Azor  Orne,  Junior,  was  born  in 
1792  and  died  at  Orneville,  Maine,  January  2,  1853. 

In  the  early  thirties  of  the  last  century  there  was  a  frenzied 
speculation    in    Maine    lands.      They    were     bought    and     sold    at 

(a)     Roads  History  of  Marblehead,  p.  89. 


JUDGE  HENRY  ORNE  133 


fabulous  prices  and  when  the  inevitable  collapse  came  it  left  many 
poor  and  struggling  towns  like  Milton  in  a  most  deplorable  con- 
dition. " 

The  greater  portion  of  these  lands  which  had  passed  through 
the  hands  of  mad  speculators  were  now  held  by  non-residents  w^ho 
refused  to  pay  any  taxes  assessed  upon  them,  and,  as  the  State  of 
Maine  did  not  then  have,  any  more  than  at  the  present  time,  just 
and  eHicient  laws  to  enforce  the  payment  of  such  taxes,  the  munici- 
pal burdens  fell  upon  the  inhabitants ;  in  the  case  of  Milton, 
incompetent  and  indiscreet  men  were  often  chosen  town  officers, 
who  did  not  manage  town  affairs  with  prudence  and  judgment,  and 
consequently,  in  1837,  a  crisis  in  the  finances  of  Milton  was 
imminent. 

At  this  timeLoring*'  says  that:  "An  individual  voluntarily 
came  to  the  rescue.  Judge  Henry  Orne  of  Boston,  who  had 
married  a  niece  of  General  Boyd,  who  had  a  large  estate,  who  was 
unwilling  to  see  all  the  land  interest  of  the  late  proprietor  rendered 
worthless,  and  who  was  willing  to  make  a  name  and  a  place  for 
himself,  stepped  in  and  undertook  a  work  of  recover}-.  He 
obtained  possession  of  the  greater  part  of  the  late  proprietor's  un- 
sold land.  He  encouraged  the  town  to  raise  and  assess  in  a  lawful 
and  equitable  manner,  money  to  commence  the  payment  of  their 
debts,  and  readily  paid  his  proportion.  He  began  to  erect  mills  at 
the  outlet  of  Boyd  Lake,  and  drew  in  business  men.  A  sawmill 
and  a  first-class  gristmill  were  a  great  convenience  to  the  settlers. 
Judge  Orne  selected  an  elevated  and  pleasant  tract  of  land,  which 
commanded  a  splendid  view  of  the  lake,  cleared  it,  and  laid  out  an 
old-time  'baronial  Manor'.  Buildings,  fields,  orchards,  gardens 
and  ornamental  trees  were  all  on  a  large  and  elegant  scale.  A 
piece  of  primeval  forest  was  reserved  for  a  deer  park,  but  this  was 
never  stocked  with   them. 


(a)  In  remarking  upon  this  condition  of  affairs  which  prevailed 
throughout  Maine,  John  Hodgdon,  the  Land  Agent,  in  his  report  of  1836 
says:  "The  wild  spirit  of  speculation,  which  so  recently  swept  like  a 
desolating  pestilence  over  the  whole  community,  turning  industry  and 
capital  from  their  natural  channels,  has  at  length  spent  its  fury,  and  men 
are  beginning  to  return  to  their  respective  occupations." 

(b)  Loring's  History  of  Piscataquis  County  (1880)  p.  199. 


134       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


"He  was  thoroughly  educated  and  a  man  of  refined  taste.  In 
his  culture  and  bearing  he  well  represented  'a  gentleman  of  the  old 
school,'  capped  with  a  large  share  of  high-bred  aristocracy.  So  in 
social  life  he  had  a  kingdom  of  his  own,  and  business  alone  forced 
outsiders  to  invade  it.  The  workmen  employed  upon  his  farm  had 
a  separate  house,  table  and  style  of  living.  He  lived  upon  his 
magnificent  estate  until  his  death  and  departed,  revered  and  grate- 
fully remembered." 

After  the  municipal  regeneration  of  the  town,  prosperity  re- 
turned to  its  chastened  and  wiser  inhabitants.  Land  became 
saleable,  population  increased  and  schools  were  revived.    '' 

Some  of  the  older  residents  of  Orneville  and  vicinity  are  yet 
living  who  remember  him,  and  their  recollections  of  him  coincide 
with  the  foregoing. 

His  home  was  known  as  the  "Orne  Mansion,"  where  he  lived 
in  grand  style  for  those  da}s,  entertained  brother  lawyers  from 
Dover,  Foxcroft,  Sebec  and  other  places  hereabouts,  and  exchanged 
visits  with  such  prominent  families  as  the  Crosbys  of  Atkinson  and 
friends  from  Bangor. 

His  hospitality  was  proverbial  among  his  chosen  friends  and 
associates.  When  he  entertained,  his  tables  were  laden,  not  onlv 
with  the  products  of  the  farm  and  wild  game  and  birds  from  the 
surrounding  forests,  but  he  had  the  best  eatables  and  provisions 
and  the  choicest  wines  and  liipiors  that  were  obtainable  in  the  Bos- 
ton markets.  These  were  shipped  to  him  by  vessel  to  Bangor  in 
large  quantities  and  thence  Iw  teams  to  his  home. 

The  late  Honorable  Alexander  M.  Robinson  was  for  many 
years  an  intimate  friend  of  Judge  Orne  and  his  attorney.  At  the 
time  of  his  death  he  contributed  the  following  tribute  to  his 
memory  for  the  Piscataquis  Observer  in  its  issue  of  January  13, 
1853. 

"Judge  Orne  was  a  man  richly  endowed  by  nature  and  of  a 
refined  and  cultivated  intellect;  he  was  descended  from  a  distin- 
guished ancestry  ;  Azor  Orne  of  Marblehead,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  and  active  men  of  the  'OLD  COLONY'  at  the  com- 
mencement of  our  revolutionary  struggles,  was  his  grandfather,  and 

(a)     Loring's  History  of  Piscataquis  County,  p.  199. 


JUDGE  HENRY  ORNE  135 


his  mother  was  a  niece  of  the  celebrated  Elbridge  Gerry.  The 
Judge  was  educated  for  the  bar,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
the  law  in  the  state  of  Kentucky.  He  soon,  however,  returned  to 
his  native  State,  and  entered  upon  the  {)ractice  in  the  Citv  of  Bos- 
ton, where  he  rapidly  advanced  to  distinction.  Here  he  entered 
upon  the  career  of  politics  and  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  Mr. 
Crawford,  and  started  the  newspaper  which  has  since  become  the 
Boston  Post,  to  support  the  claims  of  that  gentleman. 

"About  this  time  he  was  appointed  a  Judge  of  the  Municipal 
Coin-t  for  the  City  of  Boston.  After  a  residence  of  several  years 
in  Boston,  he  resigned  his  office,  abandoned  the  practice,  and 
removed  to  the  State  of  Ohio,  where  he  spent  several  rears  in  the 
pursuit  of  agriculture,  and  then  removed  to  a  plantation  in  the 
South. 

"About  twelve  years  since  became  from  the  South  to  the  town 
in  this  County,  bearing  his  name,  and  in  which  he  held  a  propri- 
etary interest,  where  he  has  since  busied  himself  in  making 
improvements  upon  his  property,  and  in  cultivating  and  adorning 
the  beautiful  farm  on  which  he  resided,  leading  the  dignified,  but 
quiet  and  unobtrusive  life  of  a  country  gentleman.  He  was  a  man 
of  courteous  manners  and  of  a  kindly  disposition  and  obliging 
neighbor,  a  firm  and  indulgent  friend,  an  honest  man." 

Since  preparing  the  foregoing,  I  have  found  in  the  files  of  the 
Lewiston  Journal,  the  following  interview  with  Mr.  Robinson  above 
referred  to,  entitled  "The  Founders  of  Orneville, "  written  by 
Holman  Day  when  he  was  a  reporter  for  that  paper : 

In  the  law  library  the  other  day  the  lawyers  were  talking  about  the 
romantic  retreat  of  old  Squire  Orne  years  and  years  ago.  The  Squire  was 
the  General  Knox  of  Piscataquis  County. 

Some  one  said  I  believe  that  it  was  early  in  the  forties  when  he  came 
to  Maine  from  Boston,  a  disgruntled,  disappointed  politician.  He  was  a 
nephew  of  the  famous  Vice-President  Elbridge  Gerry,  he  was  a  descendant 
from  the  old  aristocratic  stock,  a  man  of  refined  literary  tastes,  a  dignified, 
quiet  demeanor,  a  large,  fine  looking  gentleman  of  the  old  school.  But  he 
failed  to  get  a  place  in  Jackson's  cabinet,  and  that  failure  soured  him.  He 
became  a  Jackson  hater  and  sought  for  a  corner  where  he  might  retreat 
from  the  world  of  politics.  In  those  days  Maine  afforded  plenty  of  favorable 
spots  or  retreats  for  any  man  who  was  sighing  for  a  lodge  in  some  vast 
wilderness.  Mrs.  Orne  was  a  niece  of  General  Boyd,  the  famous  Indian 
fighter,  who  received  a  fortune  from  the  British  government  in  the  recogni- 
tion of  his  services.     To  the  General  were  granted  certain  tracts  of  land  in 


136       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE   HISTORY 


Maine.  Thus  it  came  about  that  to  Mrs.  Orne  came  as  a  heritage  lands  in 
Piscataquis  County,  and  to  this  place  her  husband  removed  their  home  when 
his  political  disappointment  came  upon  him. 

There's  a  pretty  little  lake  in  the  tract.  The  line  of  the  Bangor  and 
Piscataquis  Railroad  *  skirts  it  now.  This  body  of  water  the  Squire  named 
Boyd  Lake,  a  name  it  still  bears  and  the  township  was  called  Orneville. 

The  house  that  he  erected  was  a  mansion  in  those  days  and  here  he 
entertained  lavishly  all  who  came  into  the  wilderness  to  visit  him. 

There  were  many  visitors,  too,  even  though  the  stage  coaches  came  no 
nearer  than  Bangor,  two  score  miles  away.  But  Mr.  Orne  had  teams  in 
plenty  and  brought  guests  to  his  house  in  style. 

I  stood  at  the  site  of  the  old  home  some  months  ago,  remarked  Mr. 
Robinson,  and  a  peculiar  lonesome  feeling  came  across  me.  I  used  to  attend 
to  the  Squire's  legal  affairs  and  was  the  executor  of  his  estate.  I  used  to 
have  occasion  to  visit  the  place  when  everything  was  blooming  there.  But 
now  there  is  only  a  cellar  with  woodbine  charitably  hiding  some  of  the 
gaping  chasm. 

After  the  Squire  died  and  his  wife  went  to  Boston  there  was  a 
fire  that  completely  wiped  out  the  buildings. 

I  have  sold  that  farm  twice,  once  for  $3,000  and  again  not  long  ago 
for  $300.     You  may  see  how  real  estate  slides  down  the  incline. 

The  "Squire,"  we  always  called  him  by  that  name,  brought  about 
$40,000  to  Maine  with  him;  that  was  a  comfortable  fortune  in  those  days; 
but  after  he  died  and  the  estate  was  settled  I  was  able  to  rake  together 
barely  $10,000.  He  tried  to  be  a  business  man  but  he  was  eminently  unfit- 
ted for  business.  He  had  a  magnificent  farm  that  he  cleared  up  at  a  great 
expense,  but  he  hired  large  crews  to  work  the  place,  and  the  theories  that 
he  tested  were  pretty  expensive.  He  built  a  mill  at  the  lake  but  did  not 
give  it  much  attention.  He  spent  most  of  his  time  writing  poetry  and 
novels  though  I  don't  think  any  of  them  were  ever  printed. 

To  some  men  that  life  in  the  woods  would  have  been  monotonous  but 
he  seemed  to  grow  happier  every  year.  I  was  with  him  when  he  died  and 
he  passed  with  the  calm  content  of  a  Philosopher. 

(*)     Now  Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad. 

(Note.)  I  am  indebted  to  Mrs.  D.  H.  Danforth  of  Foxcroft,  Maine,  for 
some  of  the  data  herein  relating  to  Judge  Orne.) 


Wayfarer's  Notes 

The  liuiioor  Theological  Semiiiiiry 

(Continued  from  page  72.) 

The  13aiio-or  House,  and   many  other  notable  houses,  as  well   as 
parks  are  on  the  same  estate. 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  137 

Mr.  Davenport  and  the  writer  of  this  wei*e  born  in  the  same 
town,  not  far  apart  in  distance,  but  in  years  many.  I  take  pleasure 
in  writing  of  his  benevolences. 

Some  discuss^n  has  l)een  goiiiii,"  on  of  late  regarding  the 
removal  of  the  institution  to  Orono  or  Rrunswick. 

It  is  said  to  be  an  easy  matter  to  remove  S530(), ()()()  worth  of 
trust  funds  !  Nowadays  it  seems  that  a  man  can  hai'dly  be  sure  of 
making  his  own  trust  deed  or  will.  A  most  eminent  lawyer  of  this 
State  lately  informed  me  that  it  seemed  about  inipossil)le  for  a  man 
to  make  his  own  will  and  have  it  {;ari-ied  out.  "It  would  seem  the 
better  and  surer  way  to  give  while  living. " 

The  first  class  who  graduated  at  the  seminary  in  18J^0  were: 

1.  Nathaniel  Chapman,  from  Exeter,  New  Hampshii-e ;  min- 
ister at  Bristol,  Roothbay,  Bremen,  Camden,  Thomaston,  Warren, 
Unity;  died  in  Pittston,  April  1,  1858. 

2.  Ira  Dunning,  from  New  York;  minister  at  Williamsburg, 
then  to  Detroit,  Michigan. 

3.  Abraham  Jackson,  from  Plymouth,  Massachusetts  ;  minis- 
ter at  Machias,  1821  ;  Kingston,  Massachusetts,  and  other  places. 
Died  at  Fall  River,  12  April,  1874. 

4.  Elijah  Jones,  from  Brewer  (Holden);   minister  at  Minot. 

5.  Thomas  Simpson,  from  Deerfield,  New  Hampshire;  minis- 
ter at  Edgcomb,  and  other  places. 

6.  Samuel  Stowe  from  Barre,  Vermont;  minister  at  Cumber- 
land, \\'arren,  York  and  other  places.      He  died  in  Falmoutii. 

7.  Moses  Welch  is  named;  probably  did  not  graduate  but 
took  a  i)artial  course;  minister  at  \\'illiamsl)urg,  Amesbury,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  other  places.      Died  in  AVenham,  Massachusetts. 

Neither  of  these  students  were  graduates  of  any  college. 

The  first  building  erected  was  a  chapel  in  1828,  which  was 
occupied  for  a  preparatory  school,  and  for  recitations  and  worship. 

This  ])uilding  was  where  the  garden  of  the  Handin  homestead 
is.  It  was  burned  in  a  few  years.  The  second  building  was  called 
"The  Connnons,"  built  in  1827,  for  a  boarding  house  and  for 
study  and  dormitories.  This  is  the  house  now  occupied  by  Pi'ofes- 
sors  Beckwith  and  Ropes.  '' 

The   lara-e    brick    building  was  erected    in    1833;  in    August, 


(a)     December  22,  1900. 


138       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

ReAerend  Jotham  Sewell  laid  a  corner  stone  (or  a  stone  in  the  wall) 
"with  trowel  and  mortar  reminding-  him  of  his  old  trade."' 

In  1835  a  committee  was  appointed  "to  lay  out  the  oround 
given  by  Mr.  Isaac  Davenport  as  a  site  for  the  seminary  into  lots 
and  to  furnish  a  plan  of  buildings  thereafter  to  ])e  erected."' 

The  first  money  paid  into  the  treasury  of  the  seminar\'  was 
collected  by  Mrs.  Kiah  Railey  from  the  members  of  the  church  in 
Newcastle. 

This  church  voted  May  1,  18!£3,  "unanimously  to  pay  fifty 
cents  a  year  for  each  memljer  of  the  church,  and  if  any  member 
was  not  able  it  should  be  paid  by  the  other  mend^ers. "  At  that 
time  the  church  had  al^out  fifty-four  members. 

This  Newcastle  church  kept  up  its  interest  in  the  seminary  for 
many  ^-ears.  On  the  church  records  is  the  following  item: 
November  7,  185^,  Deacon  George  A.  Thatcher,  treasurer  of  the 
seminary,  was  present  at  a  conference.  Deacon  Thatcher  thanked 
the  l)rethren  who  had  recently  subscribed  five  hundred  dollars 
toward  the  endowment  of  two  professorships. 

It  has  had  agents  at  different  times  to  collect  funds. 

Among  the  first  was  the  Reverend  Jotham  Sewell  of  Chester- 
ville,  who  was  one  of  the  founders,  (and  grandfather  of  Professor 
Sewell,  now  of  the  seminary. )  In  18^^  he  went  South  and  West, 
and  I  liave  heard  that  his  first  subscribe)-  in  Boston  was  the  father 
of  Professor  Ropes. 

In  W'asjiington,  John  (^)uincy  Adams  was  tlie  largest  donor. 
He  was  then  secretary  of  state  and  a  few  years  later  President  of 
the  I 'nited  States.  I  may  add  that  he  was  an  old  school  Unitarian 
and  a  great  friend  of  Mr.  Isaac  I)a\  enport. 

The  institution  has  had  many  donors,  among  whom  were 
Doctor  Jacob  Hayes  of  ("hariestown,  Massachusetts  ;  the  two  great 
East  Indian  merchants,  Hiram  and  A\'ilham  Fogg,  and  also  Mr. 
Hiram  Hayes  l'\)gg  of  Hangor,  all  cousins,  and  all  gave  their 
money  at  the  request  or  solicitation  of  anothei- cousin,  the  Reverend 
Samuel  W.  Hayes,  a  graduate  of  the  seminary,  in  1843,  who  loved 
it  as  "the  apple  of  his  eye." 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  139 

The  First  Trustees 

I  give  them  as  they  are  on  the  records ;  Reverend  John 
Sawyer  (?)  was  born  in  Hebron,  Connecticut,  October  9,  1755  ; 
when  he  was  a  child  his  father  moved  to  Orford  in  northern  New 
Hampshire. 

There  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  twenty-four  years 
of  age.  He  was  said  to  have  been  a  Revolutionary  soldier  and  at 
the  battle  of  Saratoga.  He  attended  school  at  Hanover,  New 
Hampshire,  and  entered  Dartmouth  college,  graduating  in  1785. 
He  very  soon  after  began  to  preach  and  was  ordained  minister  at 
Orford,  1787,  the  place  of  his  residence  from  childhood.  He  re- 
moved to  Roothbay,  Maine,  where  he  was  ordained  minister  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  there,  October  31,  1798. 

He  seems  to  have  varied  his  pastoral  labors  with  missionary 
woi'k. 

I  herewith  print  an  extract  from  the  report  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Missionary  Society  for  1801, 

"The  Rev.  John  Sawyer  commenced  his  mission  to  the 
settlements  east  of  the  Kennebec  river  in  the  province  of  Maine, 
August  23,  1800.  During  his  mission  he  preached  at  Ballstown, 
Sheepscot,  Passamacjuoddy,  Dennysville,  Robbinston,  Moose  Island, 
The  settlements  on  the  west  side  of  Schoodic  river,  Pennamaquan, 
Pleasant  Point. 

"The  settlements  on  Penobscot  and  Kennebec  rivers,  (as  far 
up  as  Camden  on  the  former  river,  and  West  Barnardston  on  the 
latter)  and  at  Corneville.  He  returned  from  his  mission  on  31st 
of  October,  having  spent  ten  weeks  in  the  ser\ice  to  which  he  was 
appointed,  during  which  time  he  preached  63  sermons. 

"Mr.  Sawyer  was  very  kindly  I'eceived  in  general  ;  but  felt 
great  inconvenience  from  the  great  disprt)portion  between  the  time 
he  had  to  spend,  and  the  great  extent  of  new  settlements.  He 
thinks  there  is  great  need  of  Missionaries,  and  a  good  prospect  of 
usefulness  in  the  eastern  portion  of  our  country. 

"About  this  time  the  church  became  Orthodox  Congrega- 
tional. He  was  dismissed  there  Dec.  7,  1805.  He  came  to 
Bangor  about  1806,  where    he  preached  and    taught  school  until 


140       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

181^-13,    when    he  moved    to  Garland,    Me.,    where    he  made  his 
home  for  many  years. 

"In  one  of  the  years  he  was  in  Bangor,  between  1806-12,  he 
attended  about  100  funerals  here  and  in  the  vicinity  ;  an  epidemic 
raged  at  that  time  which  the  inhaliitants  called  'Black  death.' 
Mr.  Sawyer  preached  in  many  towns  in  the  vicinity  of  his  residence 
and  on  the  upper  Penobscot  river.  He  was  much  interested  in  the 
Bangor  Theological  Seminar}^,  and  was  entitled  to  be  called  one  of 
the  founders  of  that  institution. 

"On  his  one  hundredth  birthday,  Oct.  1855,  he  made  an 
address  in  the  Central  church  in  Bangor.  The  house  w^as  crowded 
and  Rev.  Enoch  Pond,  D .  D. ,  who  conducted  the  services,  re- 
marked, 'that  no  one  in  that  great  assembly  had  ever  known  such 
an  assembly  before  ;  and  no  one  would  probably  ever  see  the  like 
again."  " 

Some  years  previous  Mr.  Sawyer  had  returned  to  Bangor 
where  he  died  October  14,  1858. 

2.  Rev.  Kiah  Bailey  was  born  at  Brookfield,  Mass.,  11 
March,  1774.  He  graduated  at  Dartmouth  college  1793.  He 
settled  at  Newcastle,  4  Oct.,  1797;  dismissed  Sept.  24,  1823. 
Overseer  of  Bowdoin  college,  1800  to  1816.  Removed  to  Ver- 
mont, where  he  died  at  Hardwick  17  Aug.  1857. 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  Aroostook  War 

The  Smoke  Talk  of  Doctor  A.  C.  Hamlin,  at  the  Tarratine 
Club  last  Saturday  evening  reminds  the  "Wayfarer'*  of  the  inci- 
dents connected  with  the   ^'olunteer  troops  in   the  Aroostook  War. 

It  was  the  fashion  to  ridicule  these  volunteers,  but  they  were 
patriotic  men. 

The  War  was  just  as  real  to  them  as  was  the  Civil  War  to 
those  who  went  South. 

Governor  Washburn  in  his  account  of  the  northeastern 
boundary  question  said  that  "The  Aroostook  War,  notwithstand- 
ing the  ridicule  attached   to  some  of   its  episodes,   and    its    tame 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  141 

conclusions,  forms  a  chapter  in   the  history  of  the  State  which  does 
real  honor  to  its  border  chivalry." 

There  were  among  these  men  many  descendants  of  soldiers  in 
the  War  of  1812,  of  the  Revolutionary  AVar,  and  of  the  early 
French  War. 

Some  of  these  volunteers  afterwards  served  with  credit  in  the 
Civil  War. 

Major  Hastings  Strickland  of  Bangor,  as  sheriff,  had  command 
or  oversight  of  the  volunteers  in  part.  February  5,  he  and 
Captain  Stover  Rines,  and  his  company  from  Old  Town,  arrived  at 
the  New  Brunswick  line.  They  were  accompanied  by  Rufus 
Mclntire,  the  land  agent,  and  several  other  gentlemen.  The 
gentlemen  put  up  at  the  house  of  one  Fitsherbert,  when  the 
trespassers  gathered  one  night  and  took  them  prisonei's,  and 
carried  them  to  Fredericton  jail.  "  In  a  few  da\s  after,  the  volun- 
teer troops  had  all  arrived  at  what  is  now  Fort  Fairfield.  As  soon 
as  Governor  Fairfield  heard  of  the  capture  of  the  land  agent,  he 
appointed  Colonel  Jarvis  of  Ellsworth,  provisional  land  agent. 
Colonel  Jarvis  immediately  proceeded  to  the  Aroostook  River, 
arriving  there  February  23. 

The  next  day  he  issued  the  following  order: — 

(Copy) 

"Headquarters,  Aroostook, 

Feb.  24,  1839. 

"Joseph  Porter,    Esquire,    Sir: —  You   are    hereby  notified  of 

your  appointment  as  colonel  of  the  volunteers  under  my  direction 

on  the  Aroostook,  and  act  accordingly,  retaining  at  the  same  time 

your    command    as  captain,    and  your    lieutenant    acting    in  your 

place  when  you  are  officiating  as  colonel. 

CHARLES  JAiniS, 

Acting  Land  Agent." 

March  2,  1839.      Colonel  Jarvis  issued  the  following  order: — 

"The  volunteers  assembled  at  Fort  P'airfield  and  its  vicinity, 

to  aid  the  land  agent  in  execution  of   the  laws  of  the  state  will 

(a)  Major  Strickland  was  not  taken  prisoner  but  escaped  and  made  an 
immediate  journey  to  Augusta  and  informed  Gov.  Fairfield  of  the  serious 
situation  and  prevailed  on  him  to  mobilize  troops  upon  the  border  without 
further  delay.  "The  Northeastern  Boundary  Controversy  and  the  Aroos- 
took War,"  (Sprague)  p.  63. 


142       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

parade  under  command  of  Joseph  Porter,  Esquire,  acting  as 
colonel,  on  the  river  opposite  Fort  Fairfield.  Those  gentlemen 
acting  as  captains  will  one  and  all  take  notice,  and  govern  them- 
selves accordingly. 

"The  review  to  take  place  at  nine  o'clock  Sunday  morning. 

CHARLES  JARVIS. 
Fort  Fairfield,  March  2,  1839." 

On  the  Imck  of  this  order  is  the  following  endorsement  in  the 
handwriting  of  Colonel  Porter  : 

"The  \  olunteers,  1,000  strong,  were  reviewed  as  within,  by 
Hon.  Charles  Jarvis,  land  agent,  and  Hon.  J.  T.  P.  Dumont, 
senator  from  Kennebec.  By  order  of  Hon.  John  Fairfield,  gov- 
ernor of  Maine. " 

In  the  meantime  the  drafted  men  were  on  their  way  to  Aroos- 
took, and  as  they  were  soon  to  reach  the  seat  of  war,  on  the  19th 
day  of  March,  the  volunteers  were  discharged,  and  the  fruits  of  their 
labors  were  enjoAed  by  those  who  came  after  them.  After  the 
decease  of  Colonel  Porter,  I  found  this  roster  of  the  officers  of  the 
volunteer  troops.  Diligent  search  has  been  made  at  the  State 
House,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  there  is  no  record  of  these  officers 
there.  I  ask  the  notice  of  persons  who  can  remember  back  forty 
vears,  to  the  officers  of  these  volunteer  troops.  Never  before  nor 
since  was  a  regiment  officei'ed  like  it  in  this  State,  viz  : 

Colonel  Charles  Jarvis,  of  Ellsworth,  acting  land  agent. 

William  P.  Parrott,  of  Bangor,  aide-de-camp  to  Colonel  Jarvis. 

Joseph  Porter,  of  Lowell,  colonel  commanding. 

Joshua  Chamberlain,  Jr.,  of  Brewer,  lieutenant-colonel  commanding. 

John  Dunning,  of  Charleston,  major  commanding. 

Henry  W.  Cunningham,  of  Swanville,  adjutant. 

Daniel  Chase,  of  Atkinson,  quartermaster. 

Luther  Turner,  Jr.,  Lincoln,  artillery  captain. 

Benjamin  Drew,  Dexter,  artillery  lieutenant. 

D.  L.   Buzzell,  Dexter,  artillery  lieutenant. 

William  Cross,  Milo,  artillery  captain. 

Ward  Witham,  Bangor,  infantry  captain. 

Rollins,  Bangor,  infantry  lieutenant. 

George  W.  Towle,  Lincoln,  rifles  captain. 
Thomas  H.  Chase,  Lincoln,  rifles  lieutenant. 
Alpheus  Coburn,  Lincoln,  rifles  lieutenant. 
Jedediah  Judkins,  Lincoln,  rifles  lieutenant. 
Stover  Rines,  Orono,  infantry  captain. 
Thomas  Hunt,  Orono,  infantry  lieutenant. 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  143 


Samuel  Burr,  Brewer,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Lorenzo  D.  Butters,  Exeter,  infantry  captain. 

Horace  Butters,  Exeter,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Ansel  J.  Wood,  Stetson,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Calvin  S.   Douty,  Sangerville,  infantry  captain. 

Charles  Robinson,  Dover,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Luther  Chamberlain,  Foxcroft,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Thomas  Bartlett,  Jr.,  Bangor,  infantry  captain. 

Simon  Burnet,  Hermon,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Harrison  M.  Crowell,  Corinna,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Henry  Williamson,  Parkman,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Jacob  Works,  Parkman,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Adams  Macombei-,  Parkman,  infantry  lieutenant. 

John  Ford,  Hallowell,  artillery  captain. 

Abner  True,  Hallowell,  artillery  lieutenant. 

Wallis  McKennie,  Augusta,  artillery  lieutenant. 

Charles  T.  Dunning,  Charleston,  infantry  captain. 

J  ere  Page,  Charleston,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Daniel  Brown,  Atkinson,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Thomas  Emery,  Hampden,  infantry  captain. 

S.  B.  McAllister,  Hampden,  infantry  lieutenant. 

W.  S.  Booker,  Hampden,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Daniel  Billings,  Monroe,  infantry  acting  captain. 

Caleb  F.  Billings,  Northport,  infantry  second  lieutenant. 

Alvin  Nye. 

Daniel  Chase,  Atkinson,  infantry  captain. 

Job  Parsons,  Dover,  infantry  lieutenant. 

William  Brown,  Atkinson,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Nymphas  Turner,  Milo,  infantry  captain. 

Asa  Dow,  Dover,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Thomas  Furber,  Milo,  infantry  lieutenant. 

Franklin  Hussey,  China,  infantry  captain. 

A  committee  of  the  Legislature  reported  in  March,  1840, 
that  they  "find  that  the  total  amount  of  the  expenditures  on 
account  of  the  Civil  posse,  together  with  the  continuation  of  the 
Aroostook  road,  a  service  which  the  land  agent  after  the  passage 
of  the  resolve  of  March  8th,  1839,  authorizing  the  same — deemed 
judicious  to  connect  with  the  operations  of  the  posse — is,  according 
to  the  books  in  the  land  office,  one  hundred  nineteen  thousand, 
two  hundred  fiftv-three  dollars  and  seventy-six  cents." 


144      SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Biguyduce 

Oh,  quiet  town  beside  the  sparkling  bay. 

Its  waters  fed  by  Pentagoet's  stream, 
The  light  of  Romance  shines  along  your  way; 

Your  shaded  streets  and  grassy  headlands  teem 
With  stirring  memories  of  a  bygone  day. 

And  past  these  headlands,  seeking  fair  renown, 
Saxon  and  Norman  may  have  fared  them  forth 

To  find  "a  grave  beneath  the  hemlock  brown;" 
Their  faces  turned  toward  the  beckoning  North 

That  yet  might  hide  fair  Norombega  Town. 

Piratical  D'Aulnay  once  reigned  here. 

Two  centuries  and  somewhat  more  agone; 
Sailed,  glad  to  see  again  his  fort  appear. 

Red-handed  from  the  pillage  of  St.  John, 
And  of  La  Tour's  vowed  vengeance  showed  small  fear. 

What  would  the  valiant  warrior  have  said 
Could  it  have  been  his  fortune  then  to  know. 

La  Tour's  brave  lady  and  himself  being  dead, 
His  widow  and  his  life-long  hated  foe 

With  sacred  rites  of  Mother  Church  were  wed? 

A  later  romance  comes  your  lore  within. 
Of  dusky  princess  and  of  high  born  knight— 

A  white  alone  mid  men  of  darker  skin; 
And  round  their  fire  we  see  in  Fancy's  light 

Castin  the  Younger  and  his  Indian  kin. 

A  fleet  of  birch  canoes  once  crossed  the  bay, 

Their  painted  warriors  making  glad  return 
From  savage  butchery  and  bloody  fray; 

And  English  Falmouth,  many  leagues  astern, 
A  shapeless  mass  of  smoking  ruins  lay. 

The  savage  warcry  and  the  joyous  feast 

Alike  have  vanished  with  the  days  gone  by; 
The  wigwam  fires'  slender  smokes  have  ceased. 

Alike  have  struggled  for  the  mastery, 
Dutch,  French,  and  English,  Puritan  and  priest. 

Twice  by  the  British  Lion  held  a  prey, 

Oh,  quiet  town  by  Pentagoet's  shore. 
Your  streets  have  been:    the  waters  of  your  bay 

Have  echoed  seaman's  shout  and  cannon's  roar. 
Two  flags  have  waved  in  turn  in  sunset's  ray. 

Now  lulled  to  sleep  by  broad  Atlantic's  tides 

Or  fretted  by  its  storms,  the  ancient  town 
The  scars  of  years  by  Nature's  magic  hides; 

And  over  sea  and  shore  brooding  down. 
Deep  peace,  well  earned,  in  calm  or  storm  abides. 

Mabel  L.  True. 
Foxcroft,  Maine. 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

PUBLISHED    QUARTERLY 
Vol.    I  OCTOBER,   1913  No.  4 

JOHN  FRANCIS  SPRAGUE,  Dover,  Maine,  Editor  and  Publisher,  to  whom  all  com- 
munications should  be  addressed. 

Application  made  for  entry  as  second  class  matter,  at  the  post  office  at  Dover,  Maine. 

TERMS:  For  all  numbers  issued  during:  tlie  year,  including:  an  index  and  all  special  is- 
sues, $1.00.  Single  copies,  25  cents.  Bound  volumes,  containing-  all  of  the  issues  for  one  year, 
$1.50.    Postage  prepaid. 

"  IVe  must  look  a  little  into  that  process  of  nation-makiiig 
which  has  beeii  going  on  since  prehistoric  ages  and  is  going 
on  here  among  us  to-day,  and Jrom  the  recorded  experience 
of  men  in  times  long  past  zve  may  gather  lessons  of  infinite 
valtie  for  ourselves  and  for  our  children' s  children.'' 

— John  Fiske. 


Along  the  Old  Savage  Road 

When  Monson,  Maine,  was  first  settled  in  the  early  part  of 
the  nineteenth  century  a  highway  was  built  from  Monson  to  the 
town  of  Greenville. 

Its  terminus  in  Greenville  was  at  what  is  known  as  the  "East 
Road"  in  the  Young  neighborhood,  about  one  and  one-half  miles 
from  the  shore  of  Moosehead  Lake. 

This  road  was  laid  through  the  central  portion  of  a  plantation 
known  as  Fullerstown,  deriving  its  name  from  H.  W.  Fuller,  a 
prominent  citizen  of  Augusta,  who  purchased  three  thousand  acres 
of  land  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  and  employed 
Alexander  Greenwood  to  lot  it  out  into  one-hundred-acre  ftirm  lots. 
In  1824,  Eben  and  DaAid  Marble  purchased  what  was  known  as  the 
Whitney  tract  in  this  plantation  and  commenced  to  clear  up  farms 
at  what  has  for  a  long  time  been  known  as  Shirley  Corner. 

In  the  same  year  Nelson  Savage  made  a  clearing  on  the  Little 
Wilson  River  in  the  same  township,  built  mills  and  erected  other 
buildings,  and  soon  Savage's  Mills  was  quite  a  busy  place.  Nelson 
Savage  was  also  storekeeper,  postmaster  and  ran  a  tavern  as  well. 
Among  the  settlers  there  was  the  late  Clark  Carter,  who  subse- 
quently moved  to  the  town  of  Shirle}'.  Others  who  resided  near 
the  mills  and  along  the  Savage  Road  in  Wilson  and  in  the  north 
part  of  ^Nlonson  were  James  Savage,  a  brother  of  Nelson,   Timothy 


146      SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Packard,  some  families  by  the  name  of  Jacobs,  a  McLanathan 
family  and  numerous  others  of  whom  there  is  now  no  history  and 
whose  record  has  entirely  faded  out. 

In  1836,  Fullerstown  was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature as  the  town  of  Wilson,  but  the  settlement  did  not  expand  as 
its  promoters  had  anticipated  and  twelve  years  later  at  the  session 
of  1848  the  Legislature  passed  an  act  dismembering  the  town  and 
annexing  parts  of  it  to  the  towns  of  Shirley,  Greenville  and 
Elhottsville. 

In  those  days  the  people  appeared  to  ha\e  a  penchant  for 
building  roads  over  the  highest  pinnacles  of  land,  and  this  senti- 
ment seemed  to  have  predominated  in  Monson,  and  one  of  the 
steepest  hills  in  town.  Doughty  Hill,  was  unwisely  selected  for  the 
main  traveled  way  to  Moosehead  Lake  and  the  Savage  Road  was 
abandoned. 

The  building  of  a  road  over  Doughty  Hill  was  the  last  and 
fatal  blow  to  the  struggling  hamlet  along  the  Savage  Road  and  by 
the  banks  of  the  picturesque  Little  Wilson  River. 


Monson  now  maintains  a  short  piece  of  this  old  road  as  far  as 
the  Chandler  Watson  farm. 

From  there  on  is  only  the  outline  of  the  old  Savage  Road 
traveled  only  by  the  wild  beasts,  hunters  for  game  and  visiting 
sportsmen,  for  during  the  past  fifty  years  a  dense  wilderness  has 
grown  up  where  once  the  hum  of  industry  and  toil  was  heard. 

The  huntsman  and  sportsman  who  now  follow  the  old  trails  in 
that  vicinity  are  startled  by  beholding  strange  signs  of  a  former 
life  in  the  midst  of  a  wilderness.  Among  great  spruce  trees  he 
sees  old  gravestones,  weather-beaten  and  stained,  but  which  tell  of 
the  sacred  spot  where  loved  ones  were  laid  to  rest,  over  whose 
remains  the  winds  from  the  mountains  now  shriek  their  wild 
requiems  among  the  branches  of  poplars  and  birches. 

He  views  with  amazement  the  ruins  and  decaying  remains  of 
homes  once  the  scenes  of  activity  and  which  once  knew  all  the  joys, 
sorrows,  hoj^es,  fears  and  the  strife  and  friction  of  human  life, 
hidden  in  the  shadows  of  a  dark  forest. 

The  town  has  vanished  from  off  the  earth  and  no  one  remains 
to  tell    the  story  of    its  struggles,    its  triumphs,    its    defeats,   the 


ALONG  THE  OLD  SAVAGE  ROAD       147 

prattling  of  its  children,  the  valor  of  its  men  or  the  love  of  its 
women. 

There  you  see  some  strvigi«lini;-  apple  trees  curiously  inter- 
grown  with  the  forestry,  and  near  by  are  the  fragments  of  a  cellar 
wall  by  the  side  of  a  little  brook  dancing  its  wa}'  to  the  river  and 
murmuring  its  song  as  it  did  when  man's  abode  was  there. 

You  see  the  remains  of  an  old  time  tire-place  and  a  chimney 
yet  standing. 

Had  these  silent  old  landmarks  of  a  half  century  ago  the 
power  of  speech,  what  secrets  might  they  not  inifold,  what  bright 
and  dreary  shadows  of  life,  what  delights  and  heartaches  might 
thev  not  reveal  ! 


Statement  of  the  Ownership,  Management,  circulation,  etc., 
of   Sprague's   Journal   of    Maine    History  published    quarterly   at  Dover, 
Maine,  required  by  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912. 

Note. — This  statement  is  to  be  made  in  duplicate,  both  copies  to  be 
delivered  by  the  publisher  to  the  postmaster,  who  will  send  one  copy  to  the 
Third  Assistant  Postmaster  General  (Division  of  Classification),  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  and  retain  the  other  in  the  files  of  the  post  ofliice. 

NAME  OF  POST-OFFICE  ADDRESS. 

Editor,  John  F.  Sprague,  Dover,  Maine. 

Managing  Editor,  John  F.  Sprague,  Dover,  Maine. 

Business  Managers,  John  F.  Sprague,  Dover,  Maine. 

Publisher,  John  F.  Sprague,  Dovei%  Maine. 

Owners:    (If  a  corporation,  give  names  and  addresses  of  stockholders  hold- 
ing 1  per  cent  or  more  of  total  amount  of  stock.) 
John  F.  Sprague,  Dover,  Maine, 

Known    bondholders,  mortgagees,  and    other   security   holders,  holding    1 
per  cent  or  more  of  total  amount  of  bonds,  mortgages,  or  other  securities: 

NONE. 
Average  number  of   copies  of   each  issue  of  this  publication  sold   or  dis- 
tributed, through  the  mails  or  otherwise,  to  paid  subscribers  during  the 
six  months  preceding  the  date  of  this  statement,     (This  information  is 
required  from  daily  newspapers  only.) 

John  F.  Sprague. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  this  eighteenth  day  of  July,  1913. 

Edgar  C.  Smith, 
Justice  of  the  Peace. 
My  commission  expires  August  16,  1918. 


148       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Notes  on   Judge   Jonathan  Sayward   of  York, 

Maine 

By  Frank  D.  Marshall 

Judge  Jonathan  Sayward  of  York,  Maine,  was  Judge  of 
Probate  and  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Connnon  Pleas  up  to  the  time 
of  the  outl)reak  of  the  Revolution,  at  which  time  his  commission 
was  revoked  by  the  Provincial  Congress.  He  was  a  man  of  consid- 
erable means ;  and  was  largely  interested  in  shipping,  both  with 
the  West  Indies  and  with  Halifax,  and  during  the  early  years  of 
the  Revolution  his  diary  discloses  that  he  had  one  ship  tied  up  in 
London.  His  diary,  kept  from  1761  until  his  death  in  1792, 
shows  him  to  have  been  a  conservative  and  straightforward  man  ; 
a  gentleman  whose  house  was  open,  and  who  fittingly  entertained 
many  of  the  distinguished  men  of  the  day.  Previous  to  the  Revo- 
lution his  business  correspondents  in  Boston  were  the  Hancocks, 
both  father  and  son.  He  was  a  personal  friend  of  Sir  William 
Pepperill  and  Colonel  Sparhawk,  and  especially  during  his  latter 
years,  of  Judge  David  Sewall,  his  fellow  townsman  ;  also  of  the 
Reverend  Isaac  Lyman,  minister  of  the  old  First  Parish  in  York, 
and  who  was  grandfather  or  greatgrandfather  of  President  Eliot. 
The  Judge  was  a  Deacon  of  this  church. 

On  the  evening  of  the  20th  of  April,  1775,  news  of  the  Battle 
of  Lexington  reached  York  ;  next  morning  a  company  of  sixty- 
four  men,  armed  and  equipped,  under  Captain  Johnson  Moulton 
started  for  Lexington,  the  first  troops  to  leave  the  State  of  Maine. 
The  same  morning  an  open  meeting  was  assembled  to  take  action 
in  furtherance  of  the  cause  of  liberty.  The  records  of  this  town 
meeting  disclose  that  Judge  Sayward  was  waited  upon  by  a  com- 
mittee appointed  in  open  meeting  to  learn  his  sentiments,  and  to 
ascertain  what  letters  he  was  reported  to  have  received  from 
Governor  Hutchinson  of  Massachvisetts,  former  Royal  Governor  ; 
it  being  reported,  as  the  record  reads,  that  he  was  not  in  full  and 
hearty  accord  with  the  sentiments  of  the  people  in  this  dark  and 
direful  day  "but  rather  was  inclined  to  the  contrary."  Thereup- 
on Judge  Sayward  came  into  the  meeting  "and  made  a  speech 
which  was  declared  satisfactory."      It  is  evident  from  an  examina- 


NOTES  ON  JUDGE  JONATHAN  SAYWARl)        149 

tion  of  Judge  Sayward's  diarv  that  in  the  turbulent  times  that 
followed  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  some  of  the  townspeople  were 
hot-headed,  and  inclined  ho  make  trouble  for  those  citizens  who 
from  natural  conservatism  or  important  business  connections,  such 
as  the  Judge,  were  slower  to  absolve  allegiance  to  the  Crt)wn  and 
take  an  irrevokable  step  to  open  rebellion.  On  May  18  of  the 
same  year  he  wi'ites,  "Provincial  Congress  Resolutions  are  looked 
on  equal  the  laws  of  a  kingdom  and  superior  to  our  own ;  when  and 
where  these  things  will  end  God  only  knows  the  juditious  are 
entirely  neglected.  Hot  men  and  fiery  counsels  are  the  only  men 
and  measures  approved."  The  record  does  not  disclose  that  Judge 
Sayward  took  any  part  in  public  affairs  during  the  succeeding  six 
years.  Until  near  the  end  of  the  "unhappy  contest  between  this 
and  the  mother  country,"  he  doubted  the  outcome  of  it,  but 
apparently  held  the  respect  of  the  community,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  war  entered  more  fully  into  the  actiA'ities  of  the  community. 
We  find  that  in  1791  the  French  Consul  and  Judge  Sullivan  were 
his  guests,  and  on  the  next  day  President  Langdon  and  others 
dined,  "More  good  company."  A  few  days  later  it  is  recorded : 
"Doctor  Bullman's  widow  died."  Doctor  Bullman  was  the  young 
surgeon  of  the  Maine  Regiment  in  the  expedition  against  Louis- 
bvirg  and  died  at  Louisburg  from  fever.  On  May  14th,  1792,  is 
this  entr}'  in  Judge  Sayward's  diary:  "Widow  of  John  Littlefield 
of  Wells  died  this  week  aged  about  90  year — She  was  originally  of 
this  town,  daughter  of  Coll  Harmon — her  first  husband  was 
Richard  Jacques  who  kill^  the  Jesuit  Rally  at  Norregewock  in 
1724,  her  next  was  Elder  Mayberry  of  York,  her  third  her  third 
Capt.  John  Littlefield  of  Wells." 

About  this  time  General  Knox  was  entertained  by  the  Judge, 
and  the  Judge  in  his  diary  speaks  very  highly  of  him. 

The  house  in  which  Judge  Sayward  lived  stands  on  the  banks 
of  York  River.  It  was  built  about  1732  and  is  today  in  a  fine 
state  of  preservation  with  many  of  its  colonial  furnishings.  It  has 
always  remained  in  the  family,  and  is  now  the  summer  residence  of 
Doctor  Leonard  Wheeler  of  Worcester. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  Judge  Sayward's  diary  : 

1789. 

Oct.  31st,   This  week  hath  been  filled  with  tumultion  Rejoicings  and  Shows 


150       SPRAGITE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MALNE  HISTORY 


at  Boston  and  Salem,  and  Newberry  and  Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire,  on 
account  of  President  Washington  visiting  the  Sd  places  where  280  horses 
and  a  vast  Crowd  of  Persons  of  all  Sizes  and  Sexes  came  to  see  him  whom 
they  call  the  Saviour  of  America  at  Portsmouth  he  came  in  on  a  large  white 
horse.  I  have  since  understood  that  he  attended  church  in  the  forenoon 
and  Mr.  Buckminsters  in  the  afternoon  when  he  addressed  the  President  in 
an  elegant  and  politic  strain  and  couched  thus  — as  we  have  been  admiring 
the  Saviour  of  our  Country  let  us  now  turn  to  the  Saviour  of  the  world  he 
preached  from  those  words  of  David.  ;  :  Lift  up  the  Everlasting  door 
for  the  King  of  Glory  is  come. 

7th.     Widow  Hagee  died  aged  82  one  of  the  poor  of  this  town. 

9th.     Made   an   agreeable   visit   to   Doctor    Keatings    and  dined    Mr. 
Lyman  and  family.     Mr.  Emerson,  my  wife  and  self  dined  with  them. 


Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft,  the  Original  Proprietor 
of  the  Town  of  Foxcroft,  Maine 

Read  before  the  Piscata(|uis   Historical  Society   by  Judge  Charles 

W.   Hayes 

J  o  s  e  1^  h  Ellery 
Foxcroft  is  a  descendant 
in  the  sixth  generation 
from  Daniel  P'oxcroft, 
who  was  })orn  in  Eng- 
land, and  was  mayor  of 
Leeds  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1666.  Daniel 
Foxcroft  was  a  descend- 
ant of  Robert  Foxcroft, 
a  resident  of  Foxcroft 
Shire  in  LS27,  during 
the  reign  of  King  Ed- 
ward HL  Francis,  son 
of  Daniel,  born  Novem- 
ber 13,  1657,  settled  in 
Boston,  Massachusetts, 
as  a  merchant,  and  mar- 
ried October  3,  1682, 
Elizabetli,  daughter  of 
Judge  and  Deputy-Gov- 
ernor Thomas   Danforth  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.      He  held  a 


JOSEPH  ELLERY  FOXCROFI  151 

coloners  commission,  and  was  judge  of  probate.  He  removed  to 
Cambridge,  where  he  died  December  31,  1727.  He  was  pious  and 
of  the  faith  of  the  Church  of  England. 

Francis  Foxcroft  left  nine  children,  one  of  whom  was  Thomas, 
Harvard  College,  1714,  who  for  many  years  was  a  distinguished 
and  worthy  preacher,  pastor  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  in 
Boston.  The  ancestral  line  of  the  Foxcroft  family,  stretching 
back  unbroken  to  1327,  is  dotted  all  the  Avay  down  with  pious  and 
worthy  names,  names  known  and  honored  by  England's  Kings  and 
England's  people  before  the  continent  of  America  was  feirly  dis- 
covered. 

Thomas  Foxcroft  mai'ried  Anna  Cony,  a  sister  of  the  wife  of 
his  brother,  Judge  Francis  Foxcroft.  They  were  daughters  of 
John  Cony,  a  goldsmith  of  Boston.  Reverend  Thomas  Foxcroft 
and  wife,  Anna,  were  the  parents  of  the  Reverend  Samuel  Foxcroft, 
first  minister  of  New  Gloucester. 

According  to  the  records,  in  1764,  the  proprietors  of  what  is 
now  the  town  of  New  Gloucester  gave  a  call  to  the  Reverend 
Samuel  Foxcroft,  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College,  and  son  of  the 
Reverend  Thomas  Foxcroft,  then  pastor  of  the  Chauncy  Street 
Church  in  Boston,  and  settled  upon  him  a  salary  of  eighty  pounds, 
and  a  settlement  of  one  hundred  pounds,  "to  be  paid  in  boards, 
clapboards,  shingles,  and  other  things  suitable  for  his  buildings." 
When  the  town  of  New  Gloucester  was  organized,  it  assumed  the 
support,  by  taxation,  of  the  Reverend  Samuel  Foxcroft,  who,  by 
the  old  town  records,  was  "an  able,  learned,  orthodox  minister  of 
good  conversation,  to  dispense  the  word  of  God  to  them."  He 
erected  in  1765  quite  a  commodious  residence  which  is  now  stand- 
ing and  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  It  is  the  oldest  house  in 
New  Gloucester. 

On  March  1,  1770,  he  married  Lucy,  daughter  of  Captain 
William  and  Elizabeth  Allen  Ellery  of  New  Gloucester.  She  died 
March  25,  1783,  soon  after  the  birth  of  her  youngest  child.  Of 
this  union  were  born  six  children,  the  second  being  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft. 

Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft  was  born  Marcii  10,  1773,  married 
May  3,  1801,  to  Hannah,  daughter  of  Benjamin  Stone  of  Bruns- 
wick.     Colonel    Foxcroft,    as    soon    as    he    reached    his    majority. 


152       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

became  a  leading  spirit  in  New  Gloucester,  In  militar}'  and 
political  affairs  he  was  foremost.  He  was  a  merchant  by  trade, 
erecting  a  store  near  the  Foxcroft  mansion,  where  he  carried  on  an 
extensive  business  with  people  for  miles  around.  In  1800  we  find 
him  over-marching  the  ordinary  bounds  of  business  and  exploring  a 
township  of  land  in  the  wilderness,  his  only  access  to  it  being  on 
foot,  and  finding  his  way  by  compass  and  spotted  trees. 

The  township  was  number  5,  R.  7,  North  of  the  Waldo  Patent. 
It  was  run  out  by  Samuel  and  Stephen  Weston  of  Skowhegan, 
in  1794,  and  contained  seventeen  thousand,  nine  hundred  and  fifteen 
acres,  and  was  one  of  the  five  townships  of  land  given  Bowdoin 
College  at  the  time  of  its  incorporation.  Having  explored  the 
township  in  company  with  one  Thomas  Johnson  of  New  Gloucester, 
on  January  22,  1801,  Colonel  Foxcroft  bought  it  of  William 
Martin,  Reverend  Elijah  Kellogg  and  Isaac  Parker,  all  of  Portland, 
a  committee  of  the  college,  for  seven  thousand,  nine  hundred  and 
forty  dollars,  or  about  fortj'-five  cents  per  acre.  The  college 
imposed  as  a  condition,  the  settlement  of  twenty-four  families 
within  a  given  period.  By  his  efficiency  and  good  management 
the  families  were  secured  and  the  township  became  his.  He  con- 
tinued to  promote  the  settlement  of  the  town,  built  mills  and 
roads,  and  for  many  years  visited  and  encouraged  the  settlers  in 
every  way,  selling  them  land  on  favorable  terms.  His  lands 
remaining  unsold  up  to  1827,  were  sold  at  auction  July  4,  1827. 

The  population  increasing,  the  settlers  sought  incorporation, 
and,  not  because  he  was  chief  owner,  but  because  of  the  esteem  in 
which  the  inhabitants  held  him,  they  petitioned  that  the  town 
should  bear  his  name. 

Though  not  a  professed  disciple  of  the  Saviour,  yet  the  early 
inhabitants  of  the  town  were  incited  and  encouraged  by  him  to 
meet  together  for  religious  worship  on  the  Sabbath,  and  hymn  and 
sermon  books  were  presented  by  him  for  their  use.  Without  a 
doubt,  to  his  example  and  influence,  the  early  establishment  of  the 
institutions  of  religion  in  Foxcroft  may  be  greatly  traced.  He 
voluntarily  in  accordance  with  the  reservations  in  his  deed,  set 
apart  three  lots  of  land,  one  for  the  first  minister,  one  for  the  min- 
istry, and  one  for  the  schools.  In  Penobscot  County  records. 
Volume  IV,  page  47,  may  be  found  the  following  deed  recoi'ded : 


JOSEPH  ELLERY  FOXCROFT  153 

Whereas  the  town  of  Foxcroft has  taken  that  name  with- 
out the  solicitation  or  wish  of,  but  as  it  is  understood,  in  compliment  to  the 
Grantor  hereafter  mentioned 1,  Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft,  in  con- 
sideration aforesaid  and  of  one  dollar  to  me  paid,  grant  to  the  inhabitants 
of  Foxcroft,  for  the  use  of  schools  forever.  Lot  No.  6,  R.  5,  containing  one 

hundred  acres,  more  or  less. Provided,  nevertheless,  and  it  is  hereby 

understood  that  if  the  inhabitants  or  their  successors  should  hereafter  take, 
or  have  imposed  upon  them  any  other  corporate  name  than  the  present, 
then  this  deed  is  to  be  void. 

Joseph  E.  Foxcroft. 
Jan.  1,  1816. 

In  1806,  Colonel  Foxcroft  was  appointed  postmaster  of  New 
Gloucester,  which  office  he  held  until  1841.  In  1807,  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  his  native  town  in  ^-eneral  court  at  Boston, 
whirh  duty  he  performed  so  creditably  to  himself  and  his  con- 
stituents, that,  for  the  last  six  years  of  Maine's  provincial  connec- 
tion with  Massachusetts,  he  was  re-elected  without  intermission. 
When  Maine  became  an  independent  State,  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  convention  for  drafting  the  constitution  and  laying 
the  foundation  of  its  laws  and  body  politic.  While  serving  as  a 
member  of  the  Maine  Constitutional  Convention,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  committee  on  the  constitution  and  was  also  a  member  of  the 
committee  on  blank  forms  and  returns  of  votes.  In  1821  he  was 
appointed  high  sheriff  of  Cumberland  County,  which  office  he  held 
with  honor  and  for  a  longer  period  than  any  other  man  has  ever 
done.  He  was  in  this  office  in  1825,  when  General  Lafayette  was 
welcomed  to  the  State,  in  which  event  Colonel  Foxcroft  was  a  fore- 
most spirit.  He  was  a  contemporary  and  close  friend  of  Governors 
King,  Parris,  Lincoln,  Hunton,  Kent  and  Fairfield,  and  of  Senators 
Holmes,  Chandler,  Shapley,  Dana,  Ruel,  Williams  and  Sprague. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Militia,  and  received 
his  commission  as  colonel,  April  23,  1811.  The  following  was 
obtained  from  the  Adjutant  General's  office,  in  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts : 

TO  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN. 

Boston,  March  27,  1911. 
This  is  to  certify  that  the  following  is  a  true  extract  of  the  Roster  of 
Officers  of  the  Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia,  relating  to  Joseph  Ellery 
Foxcroft,  on  file  in  this  office. 

Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft  of  New  Gloucester,  (Maine)  was  commissioned 
Ensign  in  Fourth  Regiment,  Second  Brigade,  Sixth  Division,  August  28, 
1797.     Promoted   and    commissioned    Lieutenant,    October  18,    1798.     Pro- 


154       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


moted  and  commissioned  Captain,  June  20,  1804.  Promoted  and  commis- 
sioned Major  May  7,  1808.  (Transferred  to  First  Regiment,  First  Brigade, 
Twelfth  Division.)  Promoted  and  commissioned  Lieutenant  Colonel  Com- 
mandant April  23,  1811. 

Rendered  service  in  the  War  of  1812-14  at  Portland,  upon  the  call  of 
the  Governor  to  suppress  a  threatened  invasion  in  1814,  from  September 
10th  to  September  24th,  1814.     Honorably  discharged  April  22,  1815. 

WILLIAM  S.  SIMMONS, 
Lieutenant  Colonel, 
Adjutant  General. 

Colonel  Foxcroft  early  became  a  Free  Mason,  beinj^  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Maine.  He  was  also  repeatedly 
chosen  a  member  of  the  State  senate.  From  youth  till  old  age 
he  was  constantly  filling  offices  of  trust,  and  seemed  to  guard  the 
interests  of  his  town  as  if  they  had  been  his  own  personal  con- 
cern. It  is  only  the  truth  to  say  that,  whether  a  young  man 
engaged  in  rescuing  primeval  wilderness  from  the  dominion  of  the 
lords  of  the  forest,  and  peopling  them  with  the  abodes  of  civiliza- 
tion and  Christianity,  or  filling  one  of  the  first  offices  in  the  county, 
or  legislating  for  the  interests  of  his  native  town  in  the  mother 
state,  or,  after  Maine  had  become  a  state,  laying  the  foundations 
of  her  laws  and  policy,  or  still  later  sitting  among  her  senators,  we 
find  him  discharging  all  those  duties  with  assiduity  and  faithfulness, 
and  filling  all  those  offices  without  reproach. 

In  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  became  much  interested  in 
religion  and  church  affairs,  and  was  for  several  years  a  member  of 
the  Congregational  Church  of  New  Gloucester,  and  a  liberal 
.supporter  of  the  same. 

Colonel  Foxcroft  carried  ou  his  farm  in  New  Gloucester  as 
long  as  he  lived,  keeping  hired  help.  He  was  always  dressed  in 
broadcloth,  with  white  choker  and  tall  hat  and  did  not  look  as  if 
he  ever  did  any  manual  labor.  He  rode  in  a  two-horse  chaise, 
and  had  a  covered  sleigh,  the  only  one  owned  in  town  at  that  time. 
His  was  the  only  aristocratic  family  in  town,  yet  his  hired  help  was 
always  invited  to  the  table  with  him.  He  was  not,  so  far  as  I  can 
learn,  a  college  educated  man,  Init  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  at  New  Gloucester.  He  is  described  by  an  old  gentleman, 
a  resident  of  New  Gloucester,  as — "The  most  dignified,  gentle, 
courteous  man  I  ever  met,  straight  as  an  arrow,  very  tall,  and  as  a 


JOSEPH  ELLERY  FOXCROFT  155 

colonel  was  one  of  the  finest  mounted  and  appearing  officers  ever 
seen  in  these  parts. ' ' 

It  is  further  said  of  him  that  as  a  man  he  was  honest,  upright 
and  truthful,  genial  and  courteous,  ever  bearing  about  him  a  halo 
of  jo3'ousness  that  reflected  the  sunshine  of  a  happy  disposition 
wherever  he  went.  As  a  neighbor  he  was  kind  and  o})liging,  even 
to  a  fault,  as  a  citizen  he  was  public-spirited,  charitable  and  benev- 
olent; as  a  husband  and  father  he  was  faithful,  constant,  kind  and 
affectionate. 

Colonel  Foxcroft  died  in  New  Gloucester,  September  1,  1852. 
His  funeral  was  held  at  his  old  home,  the  house  in  which  he  was 
born  and  in  which  he  had  always  lived.  Reverend  Horatio  Merrill 
officiating,  and  he  was  laid  to  rest  with  his  ancestors  in  the  family 
tomb  at  New  Gloucester. 

Colonel  Foxcroft's  first  wife  died  in  1806  and  he  married 
November  9,  1809,  Abigail  Hammond  of  Boston,  who  died  in 
1855. 

Three  children  were  born  to  Colonel  Foxcroft  by  his  first  wife, 
Samuel,  Hannah,  and  Joseph  Ellery,  Jr.,  who  died  in  infancy,  and 
one  by  his  second  wife,  Abigail  Catherine  Mary.  Hannah  married 
Samuel  E.  Crocker  whose  son,  Samuel  R.  Crocker,  established  the 
Literary  World  of  Boston.  The  only  descendants  of  Colonel 
Foxcroft  now  living  are  the  children  of  Samuel  Crocker,  and  the 
two  children  of  Abbie  Crocker  Murray,  now  living  in  Canada,  and 
the  son  and  daughter  of  Abbie  Foxcroft  Merrill,  now  living  in 
California,  and  who  had  her  marriage  ceremony  performed  in 
Foxcroft  in  honor  of  the  Colonel's  founding  of  the  town. 

Among  the  strong  families  of  New  England,  the  Foxcroft 
family  was  easily  in  the  front  rank.  It  was  not  wealth  only,  but 
culture,  wide  acquaintance,  rich  experience,  clear  judgment  and 
farseeing  sagacity,  which  made  them  foremost  in  an  excellent  sense 
of  the  word. 

For  the  material  for  the  above  sketch  I  am  indebted  to  the 
History  of  Cumberland  County,  some  clippings  from  the  Lewiston 
Journal  of  March  20,  1909,  and  to  the  kindness  of  the  Reverend 
E.  B.  Foster,  formerly  of  this  town,  now  of  New  Gloucester,  who 
lives  in  the  parsonage  directly  opposite    the  old    Foxcroft  home, 


156        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

also  our  president,  Honorable  John  F.  Sprague,  who  has  furnished 
me  some  valuable  data. 

The  following  are  the  children  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Foxcroft: 

I.     Elizabeth,  b.   May  27,  1771,  married  Nov.  16,  1794,  Shubal  Marsh. 

He  was  born  in  Hingham,  Oct.  6,  1766,  and  died  Sept.  5,  1859.     She  died 

Nov.  17,  1857. 

Their    children   were    as  follows:   Thomas   F.,   Shubal,    Samuel,  John, 

Elizabeth,  Hannah,  Joseph,  Abigail  and  Joseph  Ellery. 

II.     Joseph  Ellery,  b.  March  13,  1773,  of  whom  more  further  on. 

III.  Martha,  b.  Feb.  12,  1775;  died  unmarried. 

IV.  Sarah,  b.  April  9,  1779;  married  Benjamin  H.  Mace,  a  physician. 
V.     Lucy,  b.  June  21,  1779;  married  Joseph  Thrasher. 

She  died  March  3,  1815,  the  mother  of  several  children. 
VI.     Abigail,  b.  March  21,  1783;  died  June  28,  1809. 
The  children  of  Joseph  Ellery  Foxcroft  were: 
I.     Samuel,  b.  Aug.  1,  1802. 
II.     Hannah,  b.  June  19,  1804.    Married  May  19,  1829,  Samuel  Eastman 
Crocker  of  Portland.     He  was  born  in  Conway,  N.   H.,  March  9, 
1802.     Their  children  were: 
Abby  Hammond,  b.  Sept.  1,  1832.   Died  May  9,  1866.  Joseph  F.,  b.   Dec. 
9,  1834.     Died  Nov.  20,   1854.     Samuel  Holland,  b.  Jan.  17,  1837.     Hannah 
Stone,    second,    b.    June   4,  1841.     Died   Oct.  4,    1842.     Mrs.   Crocker,    the 
mother,  died  at  her  father's  home.  New  Gloucester,  Aug.  4,  1842. 

III.  Joseph  Ellery,  Jr.,  b.  Dec.  11,  1805.     Died  in  infancy. 

IV.  Abigail     Catherine     Mary,    b.    July    23,    1812,      by    wife    Abigail 

Hammond.     She  died  unmarried. 

Samuel  Foxcroft  married  in  1854,  Salome,  daughter  of  Caleb 
and  Judith  Haskell.  She  was  born  April  7,  1812,  and  died  in 
Pomona,  California,  January  6,  1906.  Mr.  Samuel  Foxcroft  died 
in  New  Gloucester,  August  8,  1882.  Their  only  child  was  Abby 
Stone  Foxcroft,  born  December  16,  1857,  who  married  August  1, 
1883,  Frank  H.  Merrill  in  the  town  of  Foxcroft.  She  died  in 
Pomona,  California,  April  5,  1896,  leaving  two  children,  Joseph 
Foxcroft  Merrill,  born  June  2,  1884,  and  Louise  Foxcroft  Merrill, 
born  September  13,  1888. 


The  Bangor  Daily  News  in  a  recent  appreciative  editorial 
notice  of  the  Joiuxal  kindly  said  of  us:  "It  comes  full  to  the  brim 
with  quaint,  fanciful  and  accurate  information,  such  as  should  be 
in  the  school  libraries  and  homes  of  Maine."* 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  157 

The  Lexington  of  the  Seas 

By  .loliii  Francis  Sprague 
(Published  by  permission  of  the  Journal  of  American  History.) 

On  the  nineteenth  day  of  April,  1775,  the  intrepid  farmers 
of  I^exington  fired  the  "shot  heard  around  the  world,"  and  on  the 
twelfth  day  of  June,  five  days  before  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  a 
sturdy  Irishman  on  the  easterly  shore  of  the  Province  of  Maine, 
with  a  handful  of  brave  lumbermen,  river-drivers,  farmers,  and 
sailors,  their  hearts  burning  with  the  same  flame  of  patriotism, 
successfully  fought  the  first  naval  battle  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, captured  the  first  British  war  vessel,  was  the  first  to  haul 
down  the  British  flag  and  bring  to  death  the  first  of  her  captains 
of  the  sea  in  that  great  conflict  for  human  rights. 

As  early  as  1633  the  English,  perceiving  that  it  would  be  of 
commercial  importance  for  them  to  have  possessions  east  of  the 
Penobscot  River,  established  a  trading  post  on  the  westerly  shore 
of  Machias  River  '^  near  where  it  empties  into  Machias  Bay,  and 
about  where  the  village  is  now  situated. 

Claude  de  la  Tour  and  his  son  Charles  were  pi-ominent  figures 
in  the  histor}'  of  Acadia  and  New  England  in  the  seventeenth 
century. 

This  settlement  had  existed  but  a  few  months,  when  Charles 
de  la  Tour,  then  the  French  Commandant  at  Port  Royal,  regard- 
ing it  as  a  trespass  upon  territory  to  which  he  held  title,  sent 
soldiers  there  who  captured  it  and  laid  it  to  waste. 

After  La  Tour's  devastation  of  the  place,  no  further  attempts 

were  made  to  hold  it  as  a  trading  and  military  post  by  either  the 

French  or  English  for  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  years,  except 

one    feeble  mo\e  made  by  the   French    in   1664,   which    proved    a 

failure. 

In    1688    Governor    Aiidros  took    measures    to  ascertain    the 

number  of  inhabitants  between  the  Penobscot  and  the  St  Croix, 

and  the  entire  number  at  Machias,  all    French  settlers,    was  only 

nine,  but  these  were  not  allowed  to  remain  there  unmolested,  for  in 

(a)     According  to  Williamson  it  was  formerly  Mechisses. 


158       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

1704,  the  English  broke  up  their  habitations  and  drove  them 
away. 

In  the  summer  of  1T62  Isaiah  Foster  and  Isaac  Labree,  hav- 
ing knowledge  that  there  were  extensive  marshes  of  wild  swail  ha}^ 
along  the  Machias  River,  went  there  with  vessels  for  the  purpose 
of  cutting  and  transporting  hay  to  their  homes  in  Scarboro,  in  the 
Province  of  Maine. 

While  there  they  made  an  exploration  of  the  countr}',  and 
finding  a  large  belt  of  valuable  pine  timber,  through  which  were 
flowing  rivers  and  streams  leading  to  the  bay,  they  decided  that 
sawmills  could  be  built,  and  an  advantageous  lumber  trade  with 
Boston  engaged  in. 

The  result  was  the  begiiuiing  of  the  settlement  of  Machias  the 
following  year,  and  when  Morris  O'Brien  went  there  from  Scarboro 
with  his  six  sons  in  1765,  and  built  sawmills,  there  were  already 
about  eighty  inhabitants. 

The  occupations  of  these  early  settlers  were  generall}'  laboring 
in  the  woods,  on  the  drives  and  in  the  mills,  and  aboard  the  sloops 
and  schooners,  which  freighted  their  lumber,  shaved  shingles, 
beaver  skins,  and  other  peltry  to  the  Boston  market,  and  returned 
with  cargoes  of  provisions,  merchandise,  West  India  goods,  and 
New  England  rum. 

They  lived  quiet  and  peaceful  lives,  and  their  habits  were 
simple  and  frugal.  It  is  doubtful  if  there  was  in  the  entire  domain 
of  the  Massachusetts  Colony  a  community  that  would  naturally 
have  less  incentive  to  go  to  war  than  this  one.  So  far  as  known, 
only  two  of  their  number,  Morris  O'Brien  and  Benjamin  Foster, 
had  ever  served  in  any  army  of  the  Colonial  wars,  these  two  having 
been  at  the  Siege  of  Louisburg  under  General  Pepperell.^ 

Eastern  Maine  was  then  a  vast,  primeval  wilderness,  practically 
undisturbed  by  man's  activities,  and  this  little  village  was  not 
connected  with  the  outside  world  by  highways,  other  than  Indian 
trails,  and  had  no  way  of  communication  with  the  inhabitants  of 
their  own  Province  or  the  Colonies,  except  over  the  trackless  ocean. 

Farming  did  not  in  the  first  instance  receive  great  attention, 
as  the  men  attended  more  to  avocations  arising  from  the  logging 


(a)     Maine  at  Louisburg,  by  Rev.  Henry  S.  Burrage,  D.  D.  (1910),  pp. 
52-133. 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  159 

and  lumberinf]f  business,  depending  largely  upon  the  Boston  market 
for  all  kinds  of  food  supplies. 

But  artisans  and  others  went  there,  among  whom  was*' 
Wooden  Foster,  the  blacksmith,  who,  regardless  of  his  christian 
name,  was  to  hammer  out  on  his  anvil  crude  forks  for  pitching  hay 
and  grain,  w^hich  were  fated  to  be  later  used  as  ciuite  powerful 
weapons  against  British  marines. 

Then  from  Kittery  came  John  Underwood,'^  who  engaged  in 
trade. 

Eike  all  New  England  villages  of  that  day,  among  the  first 
buildings  erected  was  a  tavern  and  a  house  of  worship.  The  meet- 
ing-house was  a  crude  structure,  long  and  narrow,  an  entrance  at 
one  end  and  a  rude  pulpit  at  the  other  end. 

In  1772,  they  settled  a  minister,  the  Reverend  James  L3^on,  '^ 
who,  three  years  later,  became  chairman  of  the  Machias  Connnittee 
of  Correspondence  witli  the  Colonial  Government  at  Boston. 

Thus  was  begun  a  connnunity,  whose  citizens  a  few  years  later 
were  to  write  a  page  in  their  country's  history  inscribed  with  deeds 
of  heroism  and  valor. 

One,  whose  name  will  be  fore\er  interwoven  with  the  story  of 
that  stirring  event,  was  Captain  Ichabod  Jones.  In  1765  he  was  a 
shipmaster  and  a  person  of  some  means,  living  in  Boston.  During 
that  smnmer,  he  made  a  trip  in  a  schooner  eastward,  for  both  pleas- 
ure and  profit,  stopping  at  Mount  Desei't.  While  in  that  port, 
he  learned  for  the  first  time  of  the  Machias  settlement  and  went 
immediately  there,  where  he  disposed  of  his  cargo  of  goods  to  good 
advantage,  loaded  his  vessel  with  lumber,  and  returned   to  lioston. 

He  made  other  voyages  from  Boston  to  Machias,  and  subse- 
quently entered  into  a  partnership  witii  Benjamin  Foster,  and  others, 
to  build  a  mill  for  sawing  lumber.  This  mill  was  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  East  Machias  River.  He,  or  the  partnership,  also  ran  a 
store  in  connection  with  the  mill  business,  and  all  of  the  time  he 
was  in  command  of  one  or  two  vessels,  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
between  Machias  and  Boston. 

(a)  Smith's  Centennial  Sketch  of  Machias. 

(b)  The  Capture  of  the  Margaretta  by  Geo.  F.  Talbot,  Maine  Histori- 
cal Collections,  Vol.  2,  p.  5. 

(c)  Baxter  Manuscripts,  Vol.  14,  p.  172, 


160       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

He  continued  to  do  an  increasing  and  thrifty  business  along 
these  lines  until  1774,  when  the  English  Parliament  passed  what  is 
known  in  history  as  the  "Boston  Port  Rill,'"  which  Mas  an  enact- 
ment that  no  more  merchandise  of  any  kind  should  be  landed  at  or 
shipped  from  the  wharves  of  Boston. 

King  George  evidently  labored  under  the  delusion  that  the 
feeling  of  resistance  to  his  tyranny  was  confined  to  the  people  of 
Boston,  and  that  to  crush  it  he  had  only  to  obstruct  and  demoralize 
their  commerce. 

Later  on,  he  and  his  ministry  learned  that  this  was  a  stupid 
error,  but  not  until  after  the  history  of  the  world  had  been 
changed. 

This  condition  at  the  port  of  Boston  necessarily  interrupted 
Captain  Jones'  trade. 

The  spring  of  1775  found  him  at  Machias  engaged  in  loading 
his  two  sloops,  the  Unity  and  the  Polly,  with  lumber ;  but  giving 
Captain  Horton  of  the  Polly  orders  to  touch  at  Cape  Ann  and 
Salem  for  a  market,  and,  failing  there,  to  proceed  to  some  port  in 
Connecticut. 

But,  on  arriving  at  Salem,  Captain  Horton  found  the  whole 
coast  in  an  uproar,  and  the  inhabitants  generally,  especially  in  the 
large  towns,  in  dire  distress,  and  ready  for  almost  anything  except 
trade  in  lumber. 

Captain  Horton  put  into  the  port  of  Boston,  where  he  met 
Captain  Jones.  These  two  then  concluded  to  return  at  once  to 
Machias  with  their  families,  their  own  household  goods,  and  also  a 
{juantity  of  merchandise  for  the  people  there,  who  had  become  in  a 
great  measure  destitute,  by  reason  of  the  unsettled  state  of  business 
during  the  past  year. 

At  this  juncture,  Captain  Jones  was  in  i-ather  a  troublesome 
cpiandary.  He  realized  the  necessity  of  carrying  supplies  to 
Machias,  and  he  had  a  great  desire  to  take  his  family  there  as  well. 

He  also  feared  the  ire  of  the  Machias  patriots  when  they 
should  discover  him  in  their  port  under  the  protection  of  the 
English  flag,  for,  in  order  to  leave  the  harbor,  he  was  obliged  to 
have  a  permit  from  Admiral  Graves. 

This  permit  would  be  granted  only  upon  condition  that  he 
return    from   Machias    to  Boston   with    lumber  which    the    British 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  UJl 

desired  to  purchase  for  barracks  for  troops,  and  he  must  also 
submit  to  making  the  triji  under  the  protection  of  an  armed 
schooner,  the  Margardta.  She  was  a  cutter  of  about  one  hundred 
tons,  carrying  forty  men,  commanded  by  Midshipman  Moore,  and 
also  equipped  with  four  four-pounders,  in  the  holds,  several  swivels 
mounted,  and  a  "sufficient  number  of  hand  grenades"  besides 
muskets,  pistols,  etc.  ''  The  object  of  this  supervision  of  the  cruise 
by  the  Mcu-garctta  was  not  only  to  see  to  it  that  Ca|)tain  .Jones 
carried  out  his  agreement  to  return  to  Boston  with  the  sloops  laden 
with  lumber,  but  also  to  protect  him  from  trouble  with  the 
Machias  people,  if  any  should  arise. 

Most  historians  have  assumed,  and  for  what  reason  is  not 
entirelv  clear,  that  Jones  was  a  Loyalist,  but  evidence  of  this 
seems  to  be  more  traditional  than  otherwise. 

At  anv  rate  before  he  left  Boston  he  fortified  himself  with 
further  protection,  so  far  as  Machias  was  concerned,  by  obtaining 
a  certificate  from  the  selectmen  of  Boston,  requesting  the  people 
there  to  permit  him  to  return  to  Boston,  as  there  were  other  dis- 
tressed inhabitants  who  also  desired  to  be  transported  to  Machias. 

It  is  a  matter  of  some  doubt  whether  the  Boston  authorities 
had  any  knowledge  of  the  Captain's  agreement  with  the  British 
authorities  to  furnish  them  with  lumber,  or,  on  the  other  hand, 
whether  the  Admiral  realized  that  he  was  in  league  with  the 
selectmen  to  do  them  favors  in  consideration  of  their  certificate  of 
protection. 

If  he  dissembled  with  the  two  opposing  forces,  as  seems  quite 
probable,  the  troubles  which  such  deception  brought  down  upon 
his  head  were  sufficient  punishment  for  the  wrong  doing. 

Be  that  as  it  may,  however,  the  two  sloops  convoyed  by  the 
armed  Margaretta,  flying  the  British  flag,  sailed  into  Machias 
Harbor  June  2,  1775.'' 

A  lumbering  community  labors  with  much  energy  at  certain 
seasons,  but  at  other  times  there  is  enforced  idleness.  At  this 
time  the  drives  of  logs  had  all  come  down  the  rivers  and  were 
safely  in  the  booms.  The  small  crops  of  the  ftirmers  had  been 
planted,  and  the  lumbering  mills   were  not  running  as  usual,    for 

(a)  Williamson. 

(b)  Smith's  Cen.  Sketch,  p.  38. 


162       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


political  troubles  at  Boston  had  i>aralyzed  the  lumber  trade. 

It  was  a  l)rioht  and  tranquil  June  day  when  the  fragrance  ot 
broad  meadows  and  pine  woods  filled  the  air,  and  the  birds  sang 
sweet  and  joyous  notes,  and  waters  of  river  and  sea  were  still,  and 
all  nature  rejoiced,  as  nature  always  does  on  glorious  June  days. 

For  some  time  past  the  inhabitants  had  been  lounging  around 
the  shores  and  wharves,  waiting  and  watching  for  the  return  of 
Captain  Jones'  sloops  with  the  much  needed   provisions. 

On  the  after- 
noon of  that  da}' 
practically  all  of 
the  inhabitants 
of  this  little 
hamlet  were 
gathered  there, 
some  sitting  up- 
on fallen  pine 
trees,  which  had 
once  stood  as 
majestic  senti- 
nels along  the 
river  banks,  gazing  afar  for  the  welcome  sails. 

Just  as  the  sun  was  receding  in  the  AVestern  horizon,  and  the 
skies  were  golden,  and  the  waters  around  were  tinted  with  hues  of 
gold,  an  old  sea-faring  man,  whose  anxiety  had  led  him  farther 
down  towards  the  bay,  shouted,  "A  sail  !  a  sail  !"'  and  then  all 
was  excitement. 

Captain  Jones  was  returning  and  the  stores  he  was  bringing 
would  carry  joy  to  every  household,  and  besides  they  would  also 
soon  learn  how  fai-ed  their  brother  patriots  in  far-awa}-  Massa- 
chusetts. 

Their  feelings  of  mingled  fear,  alarm,  and  consternation  may 
be  imagined  when  they  discovered  that  their  friend  of  the  seas, 
whose  coming  they  had  for  days  awaited  with  anxious  hearts,  was 
escorted  by  a  British  war  vessel.  Hying  the  hated  liritish  Hag. 

At  precisely  what  time  the  people  of  Machias  were  first 
apprised  of  the  Battle  of  Uexiiigton  is  not  well  settled.  Williamson 
is  silent  on   this  point,  but  Smith  savs :      "The  news  of  the  battle 


Machias  River. 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  163 

reached  Machias  very  soon  after  its  occurrence. ' '  Sherman,  •''  who 
frequently  quotes  from  Smith's  account  of  it,  asserts  that  "It  was 
not  man}'  days  after  the  engagements  at  Lexington  and  Concord 
that  the  officials  of  Machias  received  the  Proclamation  of  the 
Provincial  Congress  of  Massachusetts,"  informing  them  of  the 
fact. 

Joseph  Wheaton,  who  was  a  participator  in  the  ca{)ture  of  the 
M((rg(iriita,  in  a  letter  to  Gideon  O'Brien,  under  date  of  April  23, 
1818,  says  :  '^  "Before  tlie  battle  of  Concord,  April  19,  1775,  the 
MargareUa,  schooner.  Captain  Moore,  sailed  from  Boston  and 
came  to  Machias  to  convoy  two  sloops  owned  by  Ichabod  Jones 
with  lumber  for  Boston,  and  for  the  use  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment. AVhile  those  vessels  were  loading,  there  came  to  Machias  a 
vessel  and  brought  the  news  of  the  battle  of  Concord,  and  com- 
municated it  to  the  people  on  a  Saturday  evening."' 

According  to  Drisko:*'  "One  day  in  May"  a  meeting  was  held 
in  the  east  room  of  the  old  Burnham  Tavern,  at  which  Morris 
O'Brien  and  his  sons,  Benjamin  Foster  and  Josiah  Weston  were 
among  those  who  were  present,  when  it  was  decided  to  call  a  town 
meeting  to  see  if  the  inhabitants  would  vote  to  raise  a  liberty  pole. 

Presumably  this  would  have  occurred  immediately  upon  receiv- 
ing the  news.  Yet  Talbot,  who  was  a  very  accurate  historian, 
apparently  believes  that  their  first  intelligence  of  the  Battle  of 
Lexington  came  from  Captain  Horton  of  the  Polly,  some  time  after 
he  and  Captain  Jones  arrived  with  their  sloops.  "^^ 

It  is  plain  that  the  discreet  Captain  Jones  fully  appreciated 
the  difficulties  of  his  situation,  and  that  he  faced  danger  whichever 
horn  of  the  dilemma  he  might  grasp.  Naturally  the  presence  of 
the  armed  vessel  aroused  the  suspicion  of  the  people,  and  whether 
they  had  knowledge  that  the  Massachusetts  patriots  had  begun  a 
revolution  before  Captain  Horton  informed  them,  or  not,  they 
certainly  knew  it  then,  and  the  fire  of  revolt  was  kindling  in  their 
breasts. 


(a)  Life  of  Captain  Jeremiah  O'Brien,  by  Rev.  Andrew  M.   Sherman 
(1902),  p.  271. 

(b)  Maine  Historical  Collection,  Series  2,  Vol.  2,  p.  109. 

(c)  Drisko's  History  of  Machias,  p.  34. 

(d)  The  Capture  of  the  Margaretta,  by  George  F.  Talbot,  p.  2. 


164       ^PRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

His  first  mo\e  to  secure  the  right  to  reload  his  vessel  and 
engage  in  his  custoniar}^  trade  was  to  exhibit  the  paper  in  his 
possession  from  the  selectmen  of  Boston,  and  request  them  to  sign 
a  written  obligation  allowing  him  to  proceed  with  his  trade  as 
usual,  to  carry  lumber  back  to  Boston,  and  to  protect  him  and  his 
property  at  all  events. '■* 

Although  they  sadly  needed  the  provisions  in  the  vessels  lying 
at  their  wharxes,  they  hesitated  about  doing  anything  that  could 
possibly  be  construed  as  a  friendly  act  to  the  enemy. 

The  Captain  being  extremely  cautious,  and  they  wary  and 
apprehensive,  this  attempt  at  a  compromise  failed,  and  then  he 
applied  to  the  authorities  to  call  a  town  meeting  to  act  upon  the 
matter. 

This  meeting  was  held  the  sixth  day  of  June,'^  and  there  was 
a  tull  attendance.  After  a  somewhat  stormy  session,  a  vote  was 
finally  passed  to  allow  Captain  Jones  to  sell  his  goods  and  load  his 
vessels  with  lumber. 

Exactly  what  was  the  primal  cause  for  the  battle  which  ensued 
is  somewhat  uncertain.  Smith  appears  to  regard  the  reason  for  it 
as  an  apprehension  by  the  citizens  of  Machias  that  the  lumber, 
"then  being  loaded  on  Jones'  sloops,  was  intended  for  the  use  of 
the  British  troops"'  and  a  determination  on  their  part  that  the}' 
should  never  return  to  Boston  with  their  cargoes. 

But  it  must  be  remembered  that  these  same  persons,  after  due 
deliberation  in  open  town  meeting,  had  voted  to  permit  this  to  be 
done.  No  one  has  ever  questioned  their  integrity,  and  it  is  not 
easy  to  conceive  of  their  passing  such  a  vote  and  then  immediately 
organizing  a  force  to  prevent  this  very  agreement  from  being 
carried  out.  Neither  has  an}-  writer  proven  that  Captain  Jones 
deceived  them  regarding  his  intentions  as  to  the  disposal  of  the 
lumber,  and,  on  the  contrary,  there  is  no  evidence  that  they  had 
actual  knowledge,  when  assembled  in  town  meeting,  that  it  was 
ultimately  to  go  to  the  British  troops,  or  that  they  understood  the 
full  import  of  the  Boston  Poi-t  Act. 

(To  be  concluded  in  the  January  issue.) 

(a)  Baxter  Manuscripts,  Vol.  14,  p.  280. 

(b)  Sherman,  p.  31. 


VITAL  STATISTICS  165 

Vital  Statistics 

From  the  Karly  Records  of  the  Town  of  JNIonson,  Maine 
Copy  of  ( )rl<i;inal  Records 
(Continued  from  page  55.) 

Biuriis. 

John  Hendrick,  son  of  John  <*t  Sarah  liaker,  was  born  Ma\ 
19,  1836. 

James  B. ,  son  of  James  ^  C.  ().  Bell,  born  February  21, 
1888.      A  true  record,  Attest.      P.  H.  Rice,  Town  Clerk. 

William  H.,  son  of  James  and  C.  O.  Bell,  was  born  October 
9,  1889.      A  true  record.  Attest.      James  Bell,  Town  Clerk. 

Charlotte  Ann,    daughter  of   James    and    C.  O.    liell    was    born 
March  14,  1843. 

Mary  Caroline,  daughter  of  James  &  C.  ().  Bell,  was  born 
March  4,  1845.     A  true  record.  Attest.     J.  H.  Rice,  Town   Clerk. 

Deaths, 

William  H.,  son  of  James  &  C.  O.  Bell,  died  May  28,  1840. 
A  true  record,  Attest.      James  Bell,  Town  Clerk. 

Births. 

Charlotte,  daughter  of  James  M.  &  Abigail  Barrett,  was  born 
June  15,  1834. 

James  M.,  son  of  James  M.  &  Abigail  Barrett,  was  born 
April  15,  1889.     A  true  record,  Attest.     P.  H.  Rice,  Town  Clerk. 

Mary  Elzina,  daughter  of  Bradish  B.  ^  Elzina  C.  Brown, 
born  December  17,  1841.  Clare  Lenia,  born  March  81,  1843, 
and  Bradish  Byron,  born  Deceml)er  17,  1844,  children  of  Bradish 
B.  and  Elzina  C.  Brown. 

Daniel  Edward  Briggs,  son  of  Daniel,  Jr.,  &  Mary  Briggs, 
born  April  19,  1850.  A  true  record,  Attest.  J.  H.  Rice,  Town 
Clerk. 

Dkatus. 

Elzina  C,  wife  of  Bradish  B.  Brown,  died  December  18, 
1846. 


166       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Births. 

Abigail  Ingraham,  daughter  of  Elijah  &  Anne  Mathews,  born 
December  22,  1829.  Jonathan,  son  of  Elijah  ^  Ann  Mathews, 
born  Ma}'  28,  18532.  Sarah  Mussey,  daughter  of  Elijah  &  Ann 
Mathews,  born  May  20,  183-1.  George  Allen,  son  of  Elijah  Si 
Ann  Mathews,  born  April  9,  1836.  Edward  B.,  son  of  Elijah  & 
Ann  Mathews,  born  July  23,  1838.  A  true  record.  Attest.  T. 
S.  Pullen,  Town  Clerk. 

Maria  Chapin  was  born  January  9,  18-12  and  George  Allen, 
born  February  -1,  1845.  Children  of  Elijah  Sc  Ann  Mathews. 
John  H.  Rice,  Town  Clerk. 

Dkaths. 

To  the  Town  Clerk  of  Monson — 

Pitt  C.  Murry,  died  August  6,  1851,  a  resident  of  said  Monson. 

Monson,  Rec'd,  Sept  9,  1853. 

Entered  and  compared  with  the  original  by  John  H.  Rice, 
Town  Clerk. 

Susanna  ^Mathews,  wife  of  Jonathan  Mathews,  died  at  Monson, 
Me.,  April  2-1,  1852. 

Jonathan  Mathews  died  at  Monson,  Maine,  February  8,  1858. 

BiKTIIS. 

Benjamin,  son  of  Benjamin  ik  Priscilla  Collins  was  born  May 
14,  1821. 

Charles,  son  of  Andrew  Sz  Anne  Cushman  was  born  May  7, 
1823. 

Celia,  daughter  of  Calvin  &  Roxana  Colton  was  born  February 
13,  1825. 

Elvira  Anne,  daughter  of  Reuben  Cushman  born  January  19, 
1825. 

Solomon  Francis,  son  of  Solomon  &  Harriet  Cushman,  was 
born  Nov.  18,  1826. 

Deaths. 

Justin  Colton  died  Februar}^  12,  1826.  age  years. 

(To  be  continued.) 


NOTES  AND  FRAGMENTS  UJT 

Notes  and  Fragments 

Samikl  J.  GiEuxsKY,  a  native  of  Dover,  Maine,  and  a  brother 
of  Honorable  Frank  E.  Guernsey,  a  Maine  Conji^ressman,  is  now 
residing  in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  and  is  one  of  the  officials 
of  the  Peabody  Museum  of  American  Archaeology  and  Ethnology 
which  is  an  adjunct  of  Harvard  University.  In  its  last  annual 
report  President  Putnam  refers  to  Mr.  Guernsey's  work  as  the 
''Hemenway  Assistant  in  Archjeology'"  (page  4)  as  follows  : 

"Mr.  S.  J.  Guernsey  in  continuation  of  his  arclueological 
researches  in  the  valley  of  Charles  River  has  discovered  several  rock 
shelters,  and  three  pits  containing  caches  of  stone  implements. 
An  interesting  site  on  the  grounds  of  the  U.  S.  Arsenal 
was  explored  by  the  kind  permission  of  the  Commandant.  The 
Metropolitan  Park  Connnissioners  also  have  shown  their  intei-est  in 
these  researches  by  granting  permission  to  explore  an  Indian  rock 
shelter  on  the  park  near  Newton  Lower  Falls.  There  are  many  old 
Indian  sites  in  the  valley  and  the  Museum  solicits  information  of 
anv  that  may  be  known  or  hereafter  discovered,  that  the  Indian 
occupation  of  the  valley  may  be  studied  and  the  sites  mapped. 
Information  is  also  desired  of  the  location  of  Indian  village  sitesj 
shell  heaps,  or  burial  places  in  other  parts  of  the  State.  Stone 
implements  picked  up  on  the  surface  will  be  welcome,  as  they  are 
of  interest  in  many  ways  and  often  indicate  an  ancient  village  site. 
Mr.  Guernsey  also  found  and  examined  three  Indian  burial  places, 
two  village  sites,  and  several  shell  heaps  at  Martha's  Vineyard." 

The  same  report  also  acknowledges  an  addition  to  its  Museum 
of  a  "Stone  Adze  from  Sebasticook  River,*'  from  Miss  Edith 
Morrill  Hooper,  from  Doctor  F.  G.  Speck,  "a  bone  snowshoe 
needle  and  a  bone  die  for  plate  and  dice  game  of  the  Penol)scot 
Indians,''  and  from  Mr.  T.  H.  Deane,  "bones  from  an  Indian 
grave,"  Prouts  Neck,  Maine. 


Wk  Desire  to  acknowledge  our  thanks  for  the  first  number  of 
"The  Maine  Catholic  Historical  Magazine,"  published  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Right  Reverend  Eouis  S.  Walsh,  D.  D.,  Bishop  of 
Portland.  According  to  its  published  preftice  or  introductory,  its 
aim  is  not  only  to  make  record  of  current  events  in  this  Diocese  of 


168       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

value  and  importance  to  the  Church,  but  also  to  work  along  his- 
torical lines  relative  to  its  earh'  history  in  Maine,  "where  the 
Church  has  a  i-ecord  of  at  least  and  probably  more  than  three 
hundred  years. 

The  history  of  the  Catholic  Church  within  our  domain  is 
inseparably  intertwined  with  our  own  history  during  the  same 
period.  Hence,  the  work  of  this  publication  must  prove  to  be  a 
valuable  contribution  to  the  colonial  liistory  of  iNIaine,  and  all 
interested  in  this  field  of  historical  literature  will  bid  it  a  cordial 
welcome.  It  contains  an  interesting  sketch  of  the  beginning  and 
organization  of  The  Maine  Catholic  Historical  Societ}^  which  was 
organized  at  Portland,  April  25,  1911  ;  an  able  review  of  "The 
Catholic  Church  in  Maine ;  an  article  by  Elizabeth  T.  Friel  on 
"AVhittier's  'Mogg  Megone, "  ""  and  much  more  of  great  interest  to 
the  Student  of  Maine  Historv. 


(From  the  Historical  Department  of  the  Portland,  (Maine,) 
Eastern  Argus. ) 

Mr.  Fred  Magoon  of  Solon  has  a  ^alued  souvenir  of  old 
Revolutionary  days  in  a  letter  written  by  his  great-grandfather, 
Joshua  Bay  ley,  Jr.,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  which  reads  as 
follows  : 

Ever  Constant  &  Loving  Wife  I  with  a  grate  pleasure  take 
this  orpunity  to  wright  to  you  to  Let  you  Know  I  am  Well  and 
hope  thru  the  Blesings  of  God  this  Will  Fine  you  in  the  Same  I 
Have  Nothing  Very  Remarkebell  to  Wright  to  You  Josiah  is  Sick 
at  Harford  and  Has  been  Sick  all  Winter  But  Daniel  t*<:  James  is 
Well  Si  are  along  with  us  I  am  Well  tV  am  in  the  Carpenter  Works 
But  have  No  Prospect  of  coming  home  till  my  time  is  out  But  Dont 
Be  oneasy  For  if  Life  is  Spard  me  I  Shall  Come  home  When  I  am 
once  Clear  tS:  Sooner  if  Disabel  I  Wish  you  AVould  wright  to  me 
more  than  you  due  I  Have  money  But  I  Cant  trust  to  Send  it  Bv 
any  Body  that  I  Can  find  to  Send  it  By  I  long  to  See  you  X:  the 
Child  more  than  the  Whole  W'orld  Besides  but  I  Cant  as  yet  But  I 
pi-ay  to  God  that  may  See  the  time  I  Have  a  Hundred  and  Fifty 
Dolers  Now  and  I  ^Vish  you  Had  it  I  would  AVillingly  go  Without 
it  if  I  Could  Send  it  Safe  it  is  a  Resolve  of  Cort  that  it  is  So  much 


NOTES  AND  FRAGMENTS  1(J9 


fine  for  any  Town  that  Lets  a  Soldiers  Wife  Suffer  they  are  oblij^e 
to  ^ive  100  Pieces  Lawful  money  Every  year.      Uont  be  Cast  down 
Hut  keep  a  good  Heart  to  the  End  &  &c  So  No  more  at  this  time 
Hut  I  Remain  youi- 
Loving  ik  Constant  Husband  Till  Dcth 

JOSHUA  RAYLEY  JUNIOR 


Mh.  SAAn-Ei,  1).  Edes  of  Foxcroft,  Maine,  recently  presented 
the  Journal  with  copies  of  the  American  Advocate,  a  newspaper 
printed  at  Hallowell,  Maine,  under  dates  of  July  31,  1811, 
February  4,  1812,  and  May  14,  1814.  As  appears  by  legal  notices 
published  in  1811,  William  Jones  was  the  Judge  of  Probate  and 
Chandler  Robbiiis,  the  Register  of  Pi-obate  for  Kennebec  County, 
and  Hohnan  Johnson  was  a  Deputy  Sheriff.  Amasa  Stetson  of 
Dorchester  advertised  "thirty  thousand  acres  of  land  for  sale,  to 
settlers  only,  lying  in  the  District  of  Maine,  between  the  Kennebec 
and  Penobscot  rivers,  distant  from  six  to  twenty  miles  westwardly 
from  Hangor  and  Hampden.""  Among  the  news  items  is  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"The  Emperor  Napoleon  has  lately  caused  to  be  sent  to  the 
Gallies,  for  life,  one  of  his  most  distinguished  Senators,  who  was 
concerned  in  a  banking  house,  and  also  disgraced  his  brother,  one 
of  the  Emperor's  ministers,  for  attempting  to  cover  a  serious  fraud 
of  the  Senator." 

In  1812  Daniel  Coney  was  the  Judge  of  Probate  and  Sanford 
Kingsbury  and  Edward  Swan  were  Commissioners  to  receive  and 
examine  the  claims  against  the  estate  of  Abraham  Lord.  Sanford 
Kingsbury  was  an  attorney  at  Gardiner  and  the  original  proprietor 
of  the  town  of  Kingsbury,'"'  in  Piscataquis  County. 

The  name  of  Thomas  Nickerson  of  Readfield  appears  as  a 
Deputy  Sheriff  in  1812. 

On  May  9,  1814,  Joel  Thompson,  Dan.  Read  and  Wm. 
Garcelon,  selectmen  of  Lewiston,  offei-ed  a  reward  of  five  hinidred 
dollars  for  the  capture  of  "some  vile  incendiar}"  or  incendiaries, 
who  on  April  24  set  fire  to  and  destroyed  the  Grist  mills  and  Card- 

(a)     Now  Kingsbury  Plantation. 


170       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

iiift-  machines  owned  by  Joseph  Little,  Esq.  &  Son,  at  Lewiston 
Falls." 

William  Burdick  of  Boston,  April  80,  1814,  announces  that 
he  "will  publish  in  June  The  Massachusetts  Manuel,  or  Political 
and  Historical  Register,"  to  contain  250  pages  and  to  be  printed 
at  the  press  of  Munroe  and  Francis. 

Jacob  Abbot,  Jr.,  of  Hallowell  ad\ei-tises  for  sale  "the  Store 
in  Augusta  now  occupied  by  Soule  &  Thurlo. " 

The  postmaster  of  Augusta  in  1814  was  J.  S.  Kimball. 


John,  or  John  Jackson  Folsom 

An  esteemed  correspondent  in  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  under 
date  of  August  28,  1913,  writes  the  Journal  as  follows:  "In  col- 
lecting data  for  the  new  Folsom  genealogy,  I  find  a  branch  of  the 
family  in  the  town  of  Foxcroft,  Maine,  all  descendants  of  one 
John,  or  John  Jackson  Folsom,  who  was  a  farmer  in  New  Sharon, 
Maine,  but  who  died  in  Dover,  Maine.  This  John  Jackson  mar- 
ried Dorcas  Greenleaf,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Hannah  Greenleaf. 
She  died  in  New  Sharon,  June  28,  1832.      They  had  : 

1.  John  Philbrick,  b.  1820. 

2.  Abigal. 

3.  Samuel  C,  b.  1824. 

4.  Dorcas. 

5.  Jackson. 

6.  Clara. 

"Can  you  tell  me  if  there  are  any  records  of  Do\er  which 
would  give  the  death  record  of  this  John  Jackson  Folsom  tlirough 
which  I  might  learn  the  name  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  thus 
be  able  to  connect  the  branch  of  the  famil^v  with  its  right  line  of 
descent  from  the  first  John  Folsom." 

We  have  examined  the  records  mentioned  and  do  not  find  what  is  de- 
sired. If  any  of  our  readers  can  furnish  us  with  any  facts  relative  thereto 
they  will  be  forwarded  to  the  writer  above. —  (Editor.  ) 


SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY       173 


Falmouth     Hotel 
J.  J.  POOLER, 

Proprietor, 

Portland,  Maine. 

European   and   American    Plan. 


50,000  Horse  Power 

AVAILABLE    FOR    INDUSTRIES    IN     CENTRAL    MAINE 

Central  Maine  Power  Co. 

Offices   at   Augusta,    Gardiner,    Waterville,    Skowhegan, 
Pittsfield  and  Dexter. 


CONTENTS 

Pa?e. 

The  Lexington  of  the  Seas,  (continued)  -          -          -          -  175 

Wayfarer's  Notes,  (continued)              -          -          -          -          -  185 

Pre-Historic  Indians  of  Maine,        -          -          -          -          -  192 

A  Deposition  in  1776  Relating  to  Land  in  Biddeford,       -  193 

Editorial  :  The  Value  of  a  Knowledge  of  State  History,          -  194 

Notes  and  Fragments,             -          -          -          -          -          -  196 

An  Arnold  Memorial,         -          -          -          -          -          -          -  199 

A    Massachusetts  Colonial    Ordinance  That  is  the  Law  of 

Maine,            --------  201 

The  End  of  Volume  One,  (Bv  the  Editor)             -          -          -  206 

Index,  Vol.  I,         -          -         ^          -----  209 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

Pafrc. 

Sir  William  Pepperell,       -          -          -          -          -          -          -  174 

The  Rubicon  or  the  O'Brien   Brook,          -          .          -          -  177 

A  reproduction   from  the  Hutchinson  Manuscripts,        -          -  203 

The  former  home  of  Sir  William  Pepperell,  Kittery,  Maine,  208 


no       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


in^-  machines  owned  by  Joseph  Little,  Esq.  &  Son,  at  Lewiston 
Falls." 

William  Rurdiek  of  Roston,  April  80,  1814,  announces  that 
he  "will  publish  in  June  The  Massachusetts  Manuel,  or  Political 
and  Historical  Register,"  to  contain  250  pages  and  to  be  printed 
at  the  press  of  Munroe  and  Francis. 

Jacob  Abbot,  Jr.,  of  Hallowell  advertises  for  sale  "the  Store 
in  Augusta  now  occupied  bv  Soule  ik  Thurlo. "" 

The  postmaster  of  Augusta  in  1814  was  J.  S.  Kimball. 


John,  or  John  Jackson  Folsom 

An  esteemed  correspondent  in  Exeter,  New  Hampshire,  under 
date  of  August  28,  1913,  writes  the  Journal  as  follows:  "In  col- 
lecting data  for  the  new  Folsom  genealogy,  I  find  a  branch  of  the 
family  in  the  town  of  Foxcroft,  Maine,  all  descendants  of  one 
John,  or  John  Jackson  Folsom,  who  was  a  farmer  in  New  Sharon, 
Maine,  but  who  died  in  Dover,  Maine.  This  John  Jackson  mar- 
ried Dorcas  Greenleaf,  daughter  of  Joshua  and  Haimah  Greenleaf. 
She  died  in  New  Sharon,  June  28,  1832.      They  had  : 

1.  John  Philbrick,  b.  1820. 

2.  Abigal. 

3.  Samuel  C,  b.  1824. 

4.  Dorcas. 

5.  Jackson. 

6.  Clara. 

"Can  vou  tell  me  if  there  are  any  records  of  Do\er  which 
would  give  the  death  record  of  this  Joini  .Jackson  Folsom  through 
which  I  might  learn  the  name  of  his  father  and  mother,  and  thus 
be  able  to  connect  the  branch  of  the  family  with  its  right  line  of 
descent  from  \\\v  first  John  Folsom." 

We  have  examined  the  records  mentioned  and  do  not  find  what  is  de- 
sired. If  any  of  our  readers  can  furnish  us  with  any  facts  relative  thereto 
they  will  be  forwarded  to  the  writer  above.  — (Editor.  ) 


SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY      173 


Falmouth     Hotel 
J.  J.  POOLER, 

Proprietor, 

Portland,  Maine. 

European   and   American    Plan. 


50,000  Horse  Power 

AVAILABLE    FOR    INDUSTKIES    IN     CENTRAL    MAINE 

Central  Maine  Power  Co. 

Offices   at   Augusta,    Gardiner,    VVaterville,    Skowhegan, 
Pittsfield  and  Dexter. 


CONTENTS 

The  Lexington  of  the  Seas,  (continued)  -  -  -  - 

Wayfarer's  Notes,  (continued)  _  _  _  .  . 

Pre-Historic  Indians  of  Maine,        ----- 

A  Deposition  in  1776   Relating  to  Land  in  Biddeford, 
Editorial  :  The  Value  of  a  Knowledge  of  State  History, 
Notes  and   Fragments,  -_--_- 

An  Arnold  Memorial,         ------- 

A    Massachusetts  Colonial    Ordinance  That  is  the  Law  of 
Maine,  -------- 

The  End  of  Volume  One,  (By  the  Editor) 

Index,  Vol.  I,        -------- 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


Sir  William  Pepperell,       ------ 

The  Rubicon  or  the  O'Brien  Brook,         .  -  -  - 

A  reproduction  from  the  Hutchinson  Manuscripts, 

The  former  home  of  Sir  William  Pepperell,  Kittery,  Maine, 


Page. 

175 

185 
192 
193 
194 
196 
199 

201 
206 
209 


Page. 

174 
177 
20f3 
208 


174       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


William  Pepperell 
is  a  prominent  figure 
in  the  colonial  history 
of  Maine.  He  was 
born  atKittery  Point, 
Maine,  June  27, 
1696,  and  died  there 
July  6,  1759.  He 
was  first  a  merchant 
but  later  entered 
politics  and  in  1727 
was  elected  one  of 
His  Majesty's  Council 
for  the  province  of 
Massachusetts,  and 
was  regularly  re- 
elected for  32  years 
in  succession.  He 
was  commander  of 
the  troops  at  Louis- 
burg  in  1745,  and  for 
his  bravery  and  mili- 
tary ability  was 
made  a  baronet  by 
the  British  govern- 
ment. 


^^^g  f 

L 

1 

"l 

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Vol.   I  JANUARY,   191 4  No.  5 


The  Lexington  of  the  Seas 

By  John   Francis  Spi-a^ue 

(Published  by  permission  of  the  Journal  of  American  History.) 

(Continued  from  Page  164..) 

The  explanation  given  by  Talbot  seems  to  be  the  most  reason- 
able of  any  :  "  But  it  is  probable  that  the  permission  granted  in 
the  vote  would  have  been  carried  out  in  good  faith  had  not  the 
Captain  of  the  Mai'garetta  unnecessarily  provoked  a  quarrel  with 
the  inhabitants,'"*  in  ordering  them  to  take  down  their  liberty 
pole.  There  is  sufficient  proof  that  some  days,  at  least,  before  the 
battle  the  people  of  Machias  had,  whether  by  a  vote  of  the  town, 
or  not,  done  what  hundreds  of  other  little  communities  throughout 
the  Colonies  had  done,  and  were  doing  :   erected  a  "liberty  pole." 

Drisko  ^  is  very  certain  that  it  was  accomplished  by  a  \ ote  in 
a  town  meeting,  legally  called.  They  selected  a  tall,  straight, 
and  handsome  sapling  pine  tree,  "leaving  a  tuft  of  verdure  at  the 
top,  the  best  emblem  they  had  at  command  of  the  flag  they  desired 
to  fight  for,  live  and  die  under."  This  tree  of  lil)erty  was  planted 
amid  the  shouts  of  the  assembled  inhabitants,  the  discharge  of 
musketry,  and  the  sound  of  fife  and  drum.  It  was  an  occasion  of 
much  rejoicing,  and  around  it  the  people  "made  solemn  pledges  to 
resist  the  mother  country."  When  Captain  Moore  of  the 
Margaretta  learned  of  this  and  its  significance,  he  ordered  it  to  be 
taken  down  under  the  threat  of  firing  upon  the  town. ''  This  was 
the  last  straw.  All  of  their  suspicions  that  Captain  Jones  had 
been  equivocal  in  his  dealings  with  them,  all  of  their  suppressed 
indignation  and  slumbering  wrath  at  the  presence  of  the  Margaretta 
in  their  port,  were  enkindled  anew.  It  was  a  crisis  in  the  affairs 
of  the  Machias  patriots.  And  yet  they  were  deliberate  enough  to 
submit  to  the  calling  of  another  town  meeting  to  see  if  the  town 

(a)  The  Capture  of  the  Margaretta,  p.  5. 

(b)  Drisko's  History  of  Machias,  p.  34. 

(c)  The  Capture  of  the  Margaretta,  p.  5. 


176       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

would  vote  to  remove  the  offensive  pole,  and  after  the  town  had 
voted  unanimously  in  the  negative,  they  even  then  agreed  with 
Captain  Moore  through  the  mediation  of  one  Stephen  Jones,  a 
nephew  of  Captain  Jones,  to  await  the  action  of  another  meeting, 
which  was  duly  called.  It  can  be  easily  understood  that  it  was 
essentially  for  the  interest  of  Captain  Jones  to  maintain  peace 
between  the  belligerent  Moore  and  the  aroused  and  infuriated 
citizens;  and  his  nephew,  who  was  himself  a  storekeeper,  and  inter- 
ested with  his  uncle  in  business,  was  exerting  all  of  his  efforts 
toward  this  end,  and  it  seems  that  he  had  influence  with  Moore  to 
dissuade  him  from  attacking  the  town  until  after  a  second  town 
meeting. 

But  the  day  for  temporizing  had  passed.  In  1775,  John 
Adams  was  a  young  school  teacher  in  Connecticut.  In  his  da}', 
the  first  steps  in  the  career  of  a  great  man  was  to  keep  a  diary  of 
the  thoughts,  impressions,  ()|)inions,  and  doings  of  himself,  his 
neighbors,  and  his  friends.  So  John  kept  one,  and  this  is  one  of 
his  entries:  "In  another  century  all  Europe  will  not  be  able  to 
subdue  us.  The  only  way  to  keep  us  from  setting  up  for  ourselves 
is  to  subdue  us." 

The  determination  to  rebel  against  the  innumerable  acts  of 
the  Crown  designed  to  destroy  Colonial  liberty  permeated  every 
nook  and  corner  of  the  Province  of  Maine,  and  the  sentiments  so 
tersely  expressed   by  young  Adams  grew  and  expanded  everywhere. 

It  could  not  have  been  otherwise  than  that  this  spirit  of  inde- 
pendence and  these  longings  for  freedom  should  also  prevail  in  this 
remote  and  ocean-bound  hamlet.  After  the  second  town  meeting 
was  called  and  before  it  could  be  assembled,  the  situation  had 
become  acute.  It  is  possible  that  Captain  Jones  had  been  entirely 
frank  with  the  people,  that  they  knew  that  he  had  obligated  him- 
self to  sell  his  lumber  to  the  British  authorities,  and  that  the 
seriousness  of  their  open  or  tacit  acquiescence  in  such  a  performance 
was  becoming  vivid  to  them  ;  or  it  may  be  that  they  did  not  know 
of  it  with  certainty,  as  appears  probable  from  the  second  letter'*^ 
of  the  Machias  Committee  to  the  Boston  authorities,  and  so  their 
misgivings  regarding  their  acts  in  town  meetings,  and  their  fears 
that  any  lumber  carried  from  their  port  to  Boston  by  Captain 
(a)     Baxter  Manuscripts,  Vol.  14,  p.  284. 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS 


Jones,  under  escort  of  an  armed  vessel  of  the  British  Navy,  would 
be  thus  disposed  of  as  a  matter  of  course,  were  intensified.  It  is 
now  impossible  to  determine  exactly  what  were  the  circumstances  ; 
but  one  thinji-  is  certain,  that  there  was  such  a  final  culmination  of 
their  suspicions,  fears,  and  apprehensions,  that  it  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  a  plan  to  prevent  the  return  of  the  sloops  to  Boston 
laden  with  lumber. 

As  we  have  seen,  there  were  two  Machias  men,  Morris  O'Brien 
and  Benjamin  Foster,  who  had  seen  service  in  the  army  at  the 
Sieoe  of  Louisburg,  and  both  were  citizens  of  substance  and  in- 
fluence. To  these  two  the  people  looked  for  counsel  and  guidance. 
It  is  quite  evident  that  some  took  a  more  conservative  view  of  the 
matter,  and  in  the  first  instance  advised  waiting  until  the  ensuing 
town  meeting,  and  allow  the  people  to  reverse  their  action  of  the 
former  meeting,  if  they  would.  Benjamin  Foster  and  Morris 
O'Brien  and  his  sons,  and  some  others,  favored  taking  possession 
of  the  partly  laden  sloops  of  Captain  Jones  and  making  prisoners 
of  the  officers  and  men,  and,  while  their  counsels  were  divided, 
Fostei-  and  the  O'Briens  finally  prevailed.  It  is  said  that  Foster, 
weary  of  the  debate,  crossed  a  stream  known  as  the  "O'Brien 
Brook,""  near  which  they  were  standing,  and  called  out  to  all   who 

favored  the  cap- 
ture of  the  Mar- 
garetta  and  the 
two  s 1 o op s  to 
follow  him,  and 
that  in  a  few 
moments  every 
man  stood  l)v 
his  side. 

A  plan  of  at- 
tack, a  soit  of 
impromptu  cani- 
paign,  was  im- 
mediately agreed  upon.  This  was  on  Sunday,  June  11,  1775.  It 
was  known  that  the  Englisli  officers  would  attend  the  religious 
services  of  good  Parson  Lyon  in  the  meeting-house  that  morning, 


The  Rubicon  or  tlu-  ■"O'Eiifn  Brook. 


(a)     Sherman,  p.  41. 


178       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

and  it  was  decided  to  surround  the  church  and  seize  them  during- 
the  services.  Under  this  arrangement  a  part  of  the  company  re- 
mained with  Foster  outside  to  do  this,  when  the  critical  moment 
should  arrive,  the  rest  dispersine;  to  attend  ser\ices  in  the  meeting- 
house as  usual. 

They  had  before  the  meeting  opened,  quietly  secreted  their 
arms  in  the  building,'^  John  O'Rrien  hiding  his  musket  under  a 
board  and  taking  his  seat  on  a  bench  directly  behind  Captain 
Moore,  readv  to  seize  him  at  the  iirst  alarm.  This  well  prepared 
scheme  would  undoubtedly  have  been  successful  if  they  had  taken 
the  negroes  of  the  community,  or  at  least  one  of  them,  into  their 
confidence. 

London  Atus  was  a  colored  man,  the  bodv-servant  of  Parson 
Lyon,  and  while  the  parson  himself,  and  about  every  other  member 
of  the  congregation,  except  the  intended  victims  themselves,  had, 
in  all  probability,  knowledge,  or  a  well-grounded  suspicion  of  what 
was  afoot,  Atus  was  entirely  innocent  of  the  dynamic  atmosphere 
about  him.  From  his  place  in  a  negro  pew  he  could  see  armed 
men  (Foster's  band)  '^  crossing  a  foot-bridge  that  connected  two 
islands  near  the  falls,  and  coming  towards  the  meeting-house.  He 
gave  an  outcry  and  leaped  from  the  window,  wild  with  excitement. 
This  broke  up  the  meeting,  and  the  officers,  believing  that  an 
attempt  was  being  made  to  entrap  them,  followed  the  example  of 
the  negro  and  made  their  escape. 

They  hastened  to  their  vessel,  and  by  the  time  Foster's  force 
reached  the  meeting-house  they  were  aboard  their  vessel  and  weigh- 
ing anchor,  and  Jones,  who  was  to  have  been  made  a  prisoner,  fled 
to  the  woods,  where  he  remained  secreted  for  several  days. 
O'Brien  and  Foster  had  previously  to  this  Sunday  morning 
"secretly  invited'"*'  the  people  of  Mispecka  and  Pleasant  River,  be- 
ing neighboring  plantations,  to  join  them,  and  they  had  arrived  and 
were  in  the  woods  near  at  hand,  ready  to  engage  in  the  capture  of 
the  officers.  When  Captain  Moore  and  his  associates  escaped,  it 
was  quite  a  large  number  of  people,  greatly  excited,  who  followed 
them  down  to  the  banks  of    the  river,    keeping    up    an  harassing 

(a)  Baxter  Manuscripts,  Vol.  14,  p.  281. 

(b)  The  Capture  of  the  Margaretta,  Talbot,   p.   8. 

(c)  Baxter  Manuscripts,  p.  281. 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  179 

musketry  fire,  which  was  returned  by  occasional  shots  at  the 
populace  from  the  cutter,  but  at  too  long  range  to  be  dangerous  to 
either  side. 

They  then  resolved  to  seize  Jones'  sloops  and  pursue  the 
cutter.  One  of  these,  the  Polly,  was  not  in  available  condition, 
but  they  took  possession  of  the  Unity,  Jones'  other  sloop,  and  dur- 
ing the  remainder  of  Sunday  and  that  night  made  preparations  for 
the  attack.  They  sent  scouts  to  the  East  River  village  and 
neighboring  plantations  for  volunteers,  arms,  and  ammunition. 

A  messenger  was  dispatched  to  Chandler's  River''  to  procure 
powder  and  ball,  and,  as  the  men  of  that  settlement  were  all  absent 
at  Machias,  two  girls,  Hainiah  and  Rebecca  Weston,  nineteen  and 
seventeen  years  old,  procured  forty  pounds  of  powder  and  balls 
and  brought  them  to  Machias,  a  distance  of  twenty  miles  through 
the  woods,  following  a  line  of  blazed  or  "spotted""  trees,  but  did 
not  arrive  there  until  after  the  battle  was  over. 

In  the  early  dawn  of  the  following  morning  (June  2),  the 
expedition  started  down  the  river  in  pursuit  of  the  Margdretta. 
Foster  had  taken  a  schooner,  the  Falmouth  packet,  at  East  River 
with  a  squad  of  men,  intending  to  join  in  the  expedition,  but  his 
vessel  unfortunateh'  became  disabled  and  he  was  unable  to  accom- 
pany the  Unity  and  was  not  at  the  engagement.  The  crew  of  the 
Unity,  so  far  as  known,  numbered  about  forty,  and  one-half  of 
these  had  muskets,  with  onlv  about  three  rounds  of  ammunition. 
The  rest  armed  themselves  with  pitchforks,  '^  narrow  and  broad 
axes,  heavy  wooden  clubs,  mauls,  etc.  For  provisions  they  had 
"a  small  bag  of  bread,  a  few  pieces  of  pork  and  a  barrel  of 
water. ' ' 

So  sudden  and  impulsive  had  this  undertaking  been,  that  at 
first  it  was  only  an  unorganized  mob,  but,  while  sailing  down  the 
river  with  a  favoring  wind,  they  were  more  contemplative,  and 
completed  their  plans  by  choosing  Jeremiah  O'Brien  as  captain, 
and  Edmund  Stevens,  lieutenant  ;  and,  understanding  that  they 
had  no  powder  to  waste,  they  decided  to  bear  down  on  the  enemy's 
ship,  board  her,  and  decide  the  contest  at  once. 

(a)  Talbot,  p.  14. 

(b)  John    O'Brien's     Account,     Maine     Historical     Collections,     Vol. 
2,  p.  242. 


180       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

In  all  the  hist.orv  of  war,  on  land  or  sea,  it  is  doubtful  if 
there  is  a  record  of  any  adventure  which  exceeds  this  one  for 
dauntless  coura<2;e  and  a  bold  defiance  of  death. 

Sometime,  someone  may  undertake  the  task  of  c()mi)iling  in 
one  work  how  much  this  American  Nation  owes  the  Sons  of 
Ireland.  Their  name  is  le^nion  and  their  valiant  deeds  are  in- 
scribed on  every  page  of  our  country's  history.  That  fair 
"Emerald  Isle,"  ever  suffering  from  the  blight  of  oppression,  has 
given  us  gallant  heroes,  brave  and  worthy,  in  our  every  war  from 
the  village  green  of  Lexington  to  the  trancjuil  waters  of  Manila 
Bay.  And  whenever  that  grand  record  is  made  up  no  name  will 
receive  more  honorable  mention  than  he,  who,  in  the  rays  of  the 
rising  sun  of  that  bright  June  morning,  on  the  waters  of  Machias 
River,  was  made  commander  of  this  perilous  and  desperate  expedi- 
tion. Hei-e  were  forty  undisciplined  men  in  chase  of  a  vessel,  well 
armed  and  eijuipped  with  trained  marines,  without  thought  of 
peril  or  danger. 

One  writer"  has  said  that  the  Cnity  was  "'(piickly  seized  and 
ludoaded  of  her  lumbei",  and  equipj^ed  for  battle,"  but  this  is 
doubtless  an  inaccuracy.  It  is  more  probable  that,  as  stated  by 
another  author,  '^  the  lumber  was  allowed  to  remain  and  was 
utilized  by  the  men  for  breastworks  for  protection  from  the 
enemy's  fire. 

The  Umiy  was  well  into  the  Ray  when  the  Margardta  was 
first  sighted  off  Round  Island,  and  she,  being  the  more  rapid 
sailer,  was  soon  along  her  side.  The  helmsman  of  the  M(tr<^(init(t, 
who  was  Captain  Robert  Aver\-,  had  fallen  from  a  shot  fii-ed  by  an 
old  moose  hunter  on  board  the  Unity,  by  the  name  of  Knight,  and 
an  immediate  volley  of  musketry  from  her  deck  astonished  and 
demoralized  the  enemy.  The  bowsprit  of  the  Unity  })lunged  into 
her  mainsail,  holding  the  two  vessels  together  for  a  short  time. 
While  they  were  in  this  position,  one  of  the  O'Brien  brothers, 
John,  sprang  upon  the  M<n'garett(i' .s  deck,  but  the  vessels  suddenly 
parted,   carrying  the  audacious    John  alone  on    board  the  British 

(a)  Lieutenant  Edward  Wilson,  very  late  of  the  U.  S.  Navy,  quoted 
by  Representative  Wiley  of  Alabama  in  a  speech  in  Congress,  February 
16,  1904. 

(b)  Sherman,  p.  57. 


I 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  181 

vessel.  It  is  said  that  seven  of  her  crew  instantly  aimed  and  fired 
muskets  at  him,  but  he  remained  unscratched  :  they  then  charged 
upon  him  with  their  ba}onets  and  again  he  escaped  by  plunging 
overboard,  and,  amidst  a  storm  of  bullets  from  the  enemy,  re- 
gained his  own  vessel. 

Captain  O'Brien  then  ordered  his  sloop  alongside  of  the 
Marganitd.  Twenty  of  his  crew  were  selected  to  board  her,  armed 
with  pitchforks,  "  and  a  hand-to-hand  conHict  on  her  deck  resulted 
in  the  surrender  of  the  Mur^rurctta  to  the  Americans,  and  Jeremiah 
O'Brien  hauled  down  the  British  ensign  flying  at  her  mast-head. 

Before  the  battle,  an  American  coaster,  with  Captain  Robert 
Avery  as  skipper,  was  lying  in  Holmes  Bay.  Captain  Aver}'  was 
forcibly  seized  by  Captain  Moore  and  taken  on  board  the  cutter  to 
act  as  pilot  out  of  the  river,  and  was  killed  in  the  first  of  the 
encounter,  as  we  have  seen.  Captain  Moore  also  received  a  mortal 
wound  and  died  shortly  after.  Several  of  his  men  were  wounded, 
but  the  exact  number  is  not  known.  Two  of  the  Americans,  John 
McNeil  and  James  Coolbroth,  were  killed.  It  is  also  known  that 
of  their  number,  three,  John  Berry,  Isaac  Taft,  and  James  Cole, 
were  wounded. 

The  crew  of  the   Unity,  as  near  as  can  be  ascertained,  were  as 

follows  : 

Jeremiah  O'Brien,  Captain  Abial  Sprague 

William  O'Brien  Edmund  Stevens,  Lieutenant 

Dennis  O'Brien  John  O'Brien 

Joseph  O'Brien  Gideon  O'Brien 

Samuel  Watts  Josiah  Weston 

John  Stule  Joel  Whitney 

John  Drisko,  Jr.  John  Merritt 

Judah  Chandler  Isaac  Taft 

John  Berry  James  Coolbroth 

James  Cole  Nathaniel  Crediford 

Richard  McNeil  Joseph  Wheaton 

John  Hall  John  Scott 

Jesse  Scott  Joseph  Libbee 

Wallace  Fenalson  Simeon  Brown 

Ezekiel  Foster  Beriah  Rice 

Joseph  Clifford  Samuel  Whitney 

Jonathan  Brown  Elias  Hoit 

Josiah  Libbee  Seth  Norton 

Joseph  Getchell  Obediah  Hill 


(a)     Maine  Historical  Collections,  Vol.  2,  p.  242. 


182       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

James  Sprague  Daniel  Meservey 

James  N.  Shannon  John  Stule,  Jr. 

Benjamin  Foss  Nathaniel  Ferderson 

Wm.  McNeil  John  Mitchell 

Richard  Earle  William  Mackelson 

(Body  servant  of  Jeremiah  O'Brien)  John  Thomas 

Jonathan  Knight  Joseph  Getchell,  Jr. 

David  Prescott  Ebenezer  Beal 

John  Bohanan  Thomas  Bewel 

Referring  again  to  the  assumption  of  some  writers  that 
Captain  Jones  was  a  Tor},  it  is  evident  that  it  has  arisen  from  the 
second  letter  to  Rexerend  James  Lyon,  Chairman  of  the  Machias 
Committee  of  Correspondence,  to  Boston,  July  7,  1775,  in  which 
he  says  :  "  We  have  discovered,  upon  examining  the  papers,  that 
both  Captain  Jones'  sloops  were  in  the  King's  Service." 

We  have  already  seen  that,  in  order  to  obtain  a  permit  from 
Admiral  Graves  to  leave  the  port  of  Boston,  he  had  agreed  to 
return  to  Boston  with  lumber  to  be  sold  to  the  English.  It  is 
probable  that  evidence  of  this  was  found,  but  it  would  not  seem  to 
be  sufficient  grounds  for  the  assertion  that  he  was  in  the  "King's 
Service,"  to  any  further  extent  than  his  intention  to  carr}'  out 
that  transaction.  Even  this  may  cast  some  reflection  upon  his 
patriotism,  but  it  may  be  remembered  in  his  favor  that  the  press- 
ing need  of  the  Machias  citizens  for  provisions,  and  the  safety  of 
his  own  family,  necessarily  concerned  and  influenced  him  when  he 
entered  upon  that  agreement.  It  is  possible  that  Lyon  himself 
might  have  been  unduly  exercised  over  the  matter,  and  magnified 
it  more  than  it  deserved.  Talbot  described  this  person  as  "The 
able,  highly  educated  and  eccentric  Parson  Lyon." 

At  about  sunset  of  the  same  day  the  Unity  returned,  proudly 
sailing  up  the  bay  and  river  to  Machias  Village,  with  her  valuable 
prize,  reaching  the  wharf  amid  the  tumultuous  cheering  and  shout- 
ing of  the  people.  They  made  a  hero  of  Captain  Jeremiah 
O'Brien,  as  he  certainly  deserved,  for  his  most  brilliant  achieve- 
ment, and  the  rejoicing  continued  until  long  past  midnight. 

Morris  O'Brien  was  born  in  the  city  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  in 
the  year  1715,  and  claimed  to  have  descended  from  one  of  the  old 
Irish  kings  of  that  name.  In  his  home  on  the  banks  of  the 
Machias  there  was  a  portrait  representing  his  ancient  ancestor, 
Brian   Borumha.      In   earlv  life  he  learned  the  tailor's  trade,  and 


THE  LEXINGTON  OF  THE  SEAS  183 

about  1738  sailed  for  America,  laiuiiiii;-  in  Portsmouth,  New 
Hampshire.  For  a  while  he  lived  in  Kitterv,  Maine.  From 
Kittery  he  moved  to  Scarboro,  and  thence  to  Machias,  where  he 
lived  until  his  death,  June  4,  1799.  His  descendants  had  a 
prominent  and  enviable  position  in  the  early  history  of  the  State 
of  Maine.  One  of  them,  Honorable  Jeremiah  O'Brien,  represented 
Maine  in  the  National  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Eighteenth, 
Nineteenth,  Twentieth,  and  Twenty-first  Congress.  '' 

The  Provincial  Congress  of  Massachusetts,  June  26,  1775, 
passed  a  Resolution,  extending  the  thanks  of  the  Congress  to 
Captain  Jeremiah  O'Brien  and  Captain  Benjamin  Foster  "and  the 
other  brave  men  under  their  command  for  their  covn-age  and  good 
conduct  in  taking  one  of  the  tenders  belonging  to  our  enemies  and 
two  sloops  belonging  to  Ichabod  Jones.  ""^  The  Resolution 
further  provided  that  the  tender  and  sloops  should  remain  in  the 
custody  and  under  the  command  of  O'Brien  and  Foster,  to  be  used 
by  them  for  the  "  publick's  advantage"  and  subject  to  the  orders 
of  the  Congress. 

Naturally,  the  news  of  O'Brien's  brilliant  victory  was  heralded 
throughout  the  land,  and  it  had  a  great  effect  in  stimulating  the 
Colonists  everywhere  to  emulate  his  example. 

The  subsequent  career  of  Jeremiah  O'Brien  was  a  notable  one. 
The  British  fitted  out  two  armed  schooners  at  Halifax  for  the 
purpose  of  re-taking  the  Margaretta,  the  Diligence  and  the 
Tnpnaquifih.  O'Brien  and  Foster,  however,  were  again  successful, 
and  the  battle,  July  12,  1775,  resulted  in  their  capturing  both 
vessels  and  taking  their  crews  prisoners. 

In  the  following  September  the  Provincial  Congress  gave  him 
command  of  two  cruisers,  the  Machias  Liberty  and  the  Diligent^ 
which  were  known  as  the  "Flying  Squadron,'"  and  he  served  in 
this  capacity,  doing  gallant  service,  until  October,  1776.  A  Httle 
later,  he  had  command  of  the  privateers,  Cyrus,  Little  Vincent,  and 
Tiger,  which  continued  until  1779,  when  he  returned  to  his  home 
in  Machias  and  for  several   months  served  as  Captain  of  a  company 


b 


(a)  I  am  indebted  to  one  of  his  descendants,  Mrs.  Josephine  O'Brien 
Campbell  of  Cherryfield,  Maine,  for  courtesies  and  assistance  in  compiling 
the  data  herein. 

(b)  Baxter  Manuscripts,  Vol.  14,  p.  287. 


184      SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

of  soldiers,  known  as  the  Machias  Rangers,  which  served  under 
Colonel  John  Allen  in  protecting  the  settlements  from  unfriendly 
Indians. 

During  the  year  1780  two  of  his  brothers,  John  O'Brien  and 
Joseph  O'Brien,  built  at  Newburyport,  Massachusetts,  a  vessel 
which  was  fitted  out  as  a  privateer.  She  was  named  the  Hinin'ihid, 
and  John  O'Brien  was  her  commander  in  her  first  cruise.  John 
O'Brien,  not  desiring  to  serve  longer,  petitioned  the  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts  to  appoint  Jeremiah  O'Brien  connnander,  which 
was  done.  On  this  cruise  the  fortunes  of  war  turned  against 
Captain  O'Brien,  and  while  off  the  coast  of  New  York  the  Hitnmhdl 
fell  in  with  a  fleet  of  British  mercliantmen  under  convoy  of  several 
British  frigates.  Captain  O'Brien,  after  a  futile  attempt  to  re- 
treat, was  obliged  to  surrender.  He,  with  the  other  officers  and 
crew  of  the  Hannibal,  was  incarcerated  on  board  the  })rison-ship, 
Jersey.  At  the  end  of  six  months  all  of  the  other  prisoners  were 
exchanged,  but  he  was  transported  to  Plymouth,  England,  and 
placed  in  the  Mill  Prison,  where  he  remained  for  about  eighteen 
months,  when  he  succeeded  in  making  his  escape.  He  had  culti- 
vated the  acquaintance  of  a  French  washerwoman,  employed  about 
the  prison,  who,  with  the  lielp  of  her  husband,  rendered  him 
valuable  assistance.  He  crossed  the  English  Channel  to  France  in 
a  frail  row  boat. 

The  French  i)eople  where  he  landed,  upon  learning  who  he 
was,  were  friendly  and  loaned  him  sufficient  money  to  enable  him 
to  take  voyage  to  New  York,  and  he  finally  reached  his  home  in 
Machias  dui-iiig  the  autunni  of  1782. 


Ti!i  i!K  are  many  points  of  important  historical  interest  in  the 
eaily  history  of  Cherryfield,  Steuben  and  Harrington  in  the  his- 
toric old  county  of  Washington  which  will  be  hereafter  referred  to 
in  future  issues  in  Wayfarer's  Notes.  One  of  the  most  important 
])ersonages  in  the  eighteenth  century  in  the  District  of  Maine  was 
General  Alexander  Campbell  of  Steuben  and  Cherryfield,  who  was 
born  September  16,  1731,  and  died  in  1807.  More  relating  to 
his  exentful  career  will  also  appear  in  the  Wayfai-er  papers. 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  185 


I 


Wayfarer's  Notes 

The  Bangor  Theological  Seminary 

The  First  Trustees 

(Continued  from  Page  140.) 

3.  Rev.  Eliphalet  Gillett,  D.  D.,  was  b.  at  Colchester, 
Conn.,  19  Nov.,  1768;  j^raduated  Dartmouth  collej^e  1791  ;  min- 
ister at  Hallo  well  ;  ordained  12  Aug.,  1795  ;  dismissed  12  Ma}', 
1827.  Overseer  Rowdoin  college,  1798-1816.  Secretary  of  the 
Maine  Missionary  society  1837-1848.  He  died  in  Ilallowell  19 
Oct.,  1848. 

4.  Rev.  William  Jenks,  D.  D. ,  was  born  in  Newton,  Mass., 
25  Nov.,  1778;  graduated  Harvard  college  1797.  Minister  at 
Bath  1805-1817  ;  professor  in  Rowdoin  college  ;  overseer  Rowdoin 
college  1806-1811.  Removed  to  Roston  1826;  died  13  Nov., 
1866. 

5.  Rev.  Mighill  Rlood  ;  born  Hollis,  N.  H.,  13  Dec.  1777  ; 
was  graduated  Dartmouth  college  1800  ;  ordained  minister  at 
Bucksport  May  12,  1803;  dismissed  24  Sept.  1840;  died  there 
2  April,  1852. 

6.  Rev.  Asa  Lyman  was  born  Lebanon,  Conn.,  Feb.,  1777; 
graduated  Yale  college,  1797.  Minister  at  Bath,  Jan.  1,  1806  to 
March  9,  1808  ;  at  Windham,  1809.  Trustee  of  Rowdoin  college 
1814-1816;  overseer  1806-1813.  Died  in  CHnton,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
20,  1836. 

7.  Rev.  David  Thurston,  D.  D. ,  was  born  in  Rowley, 
Mass.,  6  Feb.,  1779;  graduated  Dartmouth  college  1804. 
Overseer  of  Rowdoin  college  1832-1864.  Minister  at  "Winthrop 
1807-1851.      Died  in  Litchfield  7  May,  1865. 

8.  Rev.  Harvey  Loomis  was  born  in  Torringford,  Conn., 
1785  ;  graduated  Williams  college  1809  ;  settled  minister  at  Ran- 
gor  from  Nov.  27,  1811,  until  his  death  2  Jan.  1825. 

9.  Hon.  Ammi  R.  Mitchell  was  born  in  North  Yarmouth  8 
May,  1762.  Physician.  Overseer  Rowdoin  college,  1796-1824. 
He  died  14  May,  1824.  He  was  a  distinguished  citizen  of  his 
native  town. 


186       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

10.  Samuel  E.  Dutton,  Esquire,  was  born  in  Hallowell,  16 
June,  1774.  He  had  a  common  school  education  ;  studied  law, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1800.  In  1801  he  came  to  Ban- 
gor and  settled,  being  the  second  lawyer  in  the  town,  Allen  Gilman 
being  the  first.  It  is  quite  remarkable  that  there  is  no  allusion  to 
him  in  Willis'  Histor}^  of  the  Courts  and  Lawyers  of  Maine.  He 
was  a  sound  lawyer ;  the  first  judge  of  probate  for  Penobscot 
county  ;  president  of  the  Bangor  bank,  and  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Bangor  Theological  Seminary.  He  was  a  civil  engineer,  and 
was  agent  for  many  landed  proprietors.  The  town  of  Dutton  (now 
Glenburn)  was  named  for  him.  He  was  a  conspicuous  and  prom- 
inent citizen  of  Bangor.  He  wore  small  clothes,  silk  stockings  to 
the  knees,  and  coat  of  the  olden  time,  with  scjuare  tails,  which 
reached  nearly  to  the  ground.  He  joined  the  first  church  in 
Bangor,  May  13,  1812.  He  died  Feb.  16,  1830,  aged  56, 
or  in  1831,  aged  57,  accounts  differ.  He  was  a  fast  friend  for 
many  years  of  the  Seminary. 

11.  Rev.  Jonathan  Fisher  was  born  in  New  Braintree,  Mass., 
7  Oct.,  1768,  graduated  Harvard  college  1792.  Minister  at  Blue 
Hill  1796-1837.  Trustee  1814  to  1845.  His  frequent  journeys 
to  the  Seminary,  40  miles,  were  made  on  foot.  He  died  22  Sept. 
1847. 

12.  Rev.  Daniel  Lovejoy  was  born  in  Amherst,  N.  H.,  31 
March,  1776.  Preached  in  Litchfield,  Robbinston,  Unity,  Albion 
and  other  places.  He  died  Oct.  11,  1833.  I  do  not  find  that  he 
was  a  graduate  of  any  college. 

13.  Rev.  Edward  Pay  son,  D.  D.,  was  born  Rindge,  N.  H., 
25  Jan.  1783  ;  graduated  Harvard  college  1803.  Minister  at 
Portland  1807  to  his  death  22  Oct.,  1827.  D.  D.  Bowdoin  col- 
lege 1821  ;  trustee  also  1824-1827. 

14.  Rev.  Thomas  Williams  was  born  S.  AVey mouth,  Mass., 
11  March,  1787  ;  graduated  Brown  university  1809.  Minister  at 
Brewer  1813;  Foxcroft  1823;  Poland  1835  ;  died  there  24  Nov.; 
1846.      Overseer  of  Bowdoin  college  1826-1846. 

15.  Rev.  David  M.  Mitchell  was  born  9  May,  1788,  in  North 
Yarmouth;  graduated  Yale  college  1811  ;  Andover  Theological 
Seminary  1814.  Minister  at  Waldoboro  1816-1842.  Died 
Waltham,  Mass.,  27  Nov.,  1869. 


WAYFARER "S  NOTES  18T 

16.  Dea.  Eliashib  Adams  was  born  at  Canterburv.  Conn.,  6 
June,  17T'3  ;  came  to  Bucksport  1803,  and  to  Baiii^or  1813, 
Treasui'er  of  the  Seminary  many  years,  and  grandfather  of  the 
present  treasurer,  John  L.  Crosby.      He  died  28  Aug.  1855. 

17.  Thomas  Adams,  Escjuire,  was  born  in  Pembroke,  N.  H., 
9  July,  1753  ;  settled  in  Castine  1815,  and  was  an  eminent  citizen 
and  merchant  there.      He  died  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  31  Dec,  184<7. 

18.  Rev.  John  W.  Ellinwood.  1).  1).,  was  l)orn  in  IJexerly, 
Mass.,  2  May,  1782  ;  graduated  Andover  Theological  Seminary 
1812;  Williams  college  1816.  Minister  at  Bath  1812-1843. 
Bowdoin  college  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.  D.  1851.  Overseer 
Bowdoin  college  1816-1860.      Died  19  Aug.  1860. 

19.  Daniel  Pike,  Escjuire,  was  born  in  Byfield,  Mass.,  5  May, 
1785  ;  came  to  Bangor  about  1810.  He  was  a  prominent  and 
useful  citizen.      He  died  6  May,  1832. 


Stephen  Jones,  the  First  Justice  of  Teace  East  of  the 

Penobscot 

Stephen  Jones,  Junior,  was  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Lydia 
(Jones)  Jones,  of  Falmouth,  Maine,  now  Portland,  where  he  was 
born  1739.  The  father,  Stephen  Jones,  Senior,  was  born  in 
Weston,  Massachusetts,  August  17,  1709.  He  married  Lydia 
Jones,  daughter  of  Captain  James  Jones,  July  31,  1735,  and 
settled  in  Falmouth,  now  Portland,  where  his  two  sons  were  born. 
Reverend  Thomas  Smith  of  Portland,  in  his  journal  says  : 
"Oct.  2,  1745,  Capt.  Stephen  Jones  sailed  in  ([uest  of  Penobscot 
Indians,"  and  "Nov.  1,  1745,  Capt.  Jones  returned  having  seen 
no  Indians."'  In  1746,  he  enHsted  as  a  captain  in  Colonel  Noble's 
regiment  in  the  French  War.  In  an  attack  by  the  French  at 
Minas,  now  Horton,  Nova  Scotia,  Colonel  Noble  and  Captain 
Jones  were  both  killed  January  7,  1747.  Parson  Smith  says  in 
his  journal  under  date  of  February  22,  1747,  "Col.  Noble  and 
our  Capt.  Jones  killed  at  Menis, " 


188       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

After  the  death  of  his  father,  Stephen  Jones,  the  son,  went 
to  live  with  his  mother's  father  at  Weston,  Hving  there  for  some 
years.  He  went  to  Worcester  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade  with 
his  uncle,  Noah  Jones.  In  February,  1757,  he  enlisted  in  the 
regiment  of  Colonel  Joseph  Fry,  to  serve  in  the  French  War.  He 
was  at  Ticonderoga,  Fort  Edward  and  Lake  Cham  plain  and  served 
through  the  campaign  of  1757-58.  Where  he  was  during  the 
next  few  years  I  do  not  learn.  His  uncle,  Ichabod  Jones,  was 
merchant  in  Boston,  and  interested  in  trading  to  the  eastward. 
In  March,  176-1  or  "65  he  went  with  his  uncle  to  Machias  River 
on  a  trading  expedition.  There  he  concluded  to  settle.  In  1766, 
he  made  his  permanent  settlement.  He  bought  or  built  a  house 
on  the  spot  where  the  post  office  is,  in  which  he  lived  all  the  years 
of  his  residence  in  Machias.  He  and  others  built  a  mill  in  1765. 
In  1769  he  was  chosen  captain  of  a  "Company  of  Foot,  at  a  place 
called  Machias  in  the  county  of  Lincoln  in  tlie  regiment  whereof 
Thomas  Goldthwait  is  colonel." 

In  1769,  he  heads  the  petition  to  the  general  court  for  grant 
of  land.  He  was  the  first  justice  of  the  peace,  I  think,  appointed 
east  of  Penobscot  River,  and  as  the  higher  courts  were  then  at 
Pownalborough,  his  office  was  of  great  importance.  ^Vhen  the 
Revolutionary  War  broke  out  he  did  not  hesitate,  but  espoused 
the  cause  of  the  colonies  with  all  his  abilities  and  influence. 
Several  of  his  relatives  took  the  other  side,  which  made  it  harder 
for  him.  No  town  in  the  State  was  more  i^atriotic  than  Machias, 
and  this  too  with  but  little  or  no  i)rotection  from  the  United 
States.  Several  remarkable  papers  relative  to  this  crisis  are  re- 
corded on  the  records  of  the  town,  nearly  all  of  wliich  were  written 
by  Mr.  Jones.  Honorable  George  F.  Talbot  in  his  speech  at  the 
Machias  Centennial  said  that  "Judge  Jones'  papers  in  the  town 
records  show  him  to  be  a  master  of  the  political  style  in  which 
Jefferson  was  adept." 

At  the  first  town  meeting  held  after  the  incorporation  of  the 
town  of  Machias,  June  23,  1784,  he  was  elected  moderator  and 
continued  to  be  elected  every  year  until  his  advancing  age  pre- 
vented. He  held  many  other  town  offices.  He  was  authority  in 
all  matters  of  business,  politics  or  religion.  Upon  the  incorpora- 
tion of   Washington  Count}',   June  25,    1789,    which    took    effect 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  189 


May,  1790,  Mr.  Jones  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas,  and  judge  of  probate  for  the  new  county,  whidi 
offices  he  filled  for  many  years  with  great  acceptance. 

In  religion  he  was  of  the  "standing  order,'"  a  Puritan  in 
faith  and  practice.  He  believed  that  the  minister  and  the  school 
master  were  both  necessary  to  build  up  a  state,  in  all  the  elements 
of  greatness.  His  house  was  open  to  all,  his  hospitality  un- 
bounded ;  food  and  grog,  as  was  the  custom,  were  dispensed  in. 
plenty.  No  man  of  any  consideration  thought  of  going  by 
Machias  Bay  without  going  up  to  Machias  to  see  Judge  Jones. 
Among  those  who  partook  of  his  hospitality  were  Albert  Gallatin, 
upon  his  first  arrival  in  this  country,  in  1780  ;  General  Rufus 
Putnam,  his  old  compatriot  in  the  French  War,  on  his  way  to  sur- 
vey Moose  Island,  and  other  towns  in  1784  ;  Revereiid  Seth 
Noble,  an  old  friend,  the  first  minister  of  Bangor,  on  his  way  1o 
St.  John  River  in  July,  1791 ;  Talleyrand,  the  great  French 
minister  in  1793  ;  General  David  Cobb,  of  Gouldsborough,  in 
1797-8,  who  drove  his  horse  and  sleigh  through  the  old  horsel)ack 
road  from  Jonesborough  to  Machias,  being  the  only  man  who  ever 
went  through  that  ancient  path  with  a  horse  except  on   horseback. 

Park  Holland,  later  of  Bangor,  in  his  journal,  tells  of  a  visit 
he  and  General  Rufus  Putnam  (the  founder  of  Ohio)  made  Judge 
Jones  in  August,  1784,  as  follows  :  "Judge  Jones  treated  us  very 
kindly,  and  politely  invited  General  Putnam  and  myself  to  take 
tea  with  him  that  afternoon  ;  said  he  had  some  friends  from 
Boston,  whom  he  was  expecting,  and  would  try  to  make  our  time 
pass  pleasantly.  The  time  came,  and  we  told  our  men  they  might 
get  their  supper  and  not  wait  for  us,  and  proceeded  to  make  our 
visit.  We  passed  the  afternoon  very  pleasantly  indeed.  Tea  at 
length  arrived  with  which  we  had  anticipated  a  good  supper,  but, 
alas  !  it  was  carried  round,  as  the  expression  is,  and  a  servant 
came  in  with  it,  poured  out,  and  a  slice  of  bread  and  butter  in 
each  saucer.  He  came  first  to  General  Putnam,  wlio  on  taking 
his  tea  from  the  tray,  upset  it  the  first  thing  he  did,  and  what 
was  worse,  what  his  saucer  did  not  catch,  fell  scalding  hot  on  his 
knees  and  destroyed  his  comfort  for  the  evening.  I  succeeded  in 
lifting  mine  in  safety  from  the  tray  and  lo  !  my  bread  was  thickly 
spread  with  butter,  an  article  of  which  I  never  partook,  in  any  way. 


190       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

in  my  life.  We  tried,  however,  to  make  the  best  of  our  mis- 
fortunes, thouji'h  to  eat  l^read  with  butter  on  it,  I  could  not.  We 
returned  to  our  camp,  General  Putnam  scoldin^-  and  I  laughing, 
and  ordered  a  supper  to  be  prepared  for  us.  We  had  eaten  in  the 
army  for  months  together,  from  a  clean  chip,  with  a  knife  and 
fork  among  half  a  dozen  of  us,  and  our  soup  with  a  clam  shell  for  a 
spoon  thrust  into  a  split  stick  for  a  handle,  and  got  along  very 
well  ;   but  this  carrying  round  tea  was  a  little  too  much  for  us." 

He  was  a  strong  Federalist,  as  were  nearly  all  the  old  soldiers. 
In  1810,  he  wrote  a  letter  to  his  friend,  General  Rufus  Putnam, 
at  Marietta,  Ohio,  a  copy  of  which  I  give  : 

Boston,  21st.  of  Feb.  1810. 
Rufus  Putnam,  Esq. 

Dear  Sir  :  I  expect  this  letter  will  be  handed  to  you  by  Mr. 
Oliver  Putnam,  a  very  respectable  merchant  of  this  town,  and 
whom  I  would  recommend  to  your  notice  and  particular  attention. 
Any  civilities  shown  him  will  be  thankfully  acknowledged  by  me. 
Mr.  Putnam,  having  mentioned  to  me,  a  few  days  since  that  he 
proposed  setting  out  in  a  day  or  two  on  a  visit  to  your  part  of  the 
country.  I  mentioned  to  him  my  acquaintance  with  you,  and  that  I 
wished  to  write  you  by  him.  For  I  presumed  it  would  not  be  un- 
pleasant to  you  to  hear  from  an  old  friend,  who  had  been  your 
messmate  during  the  campaign  of  1757,  and  who  had  waded  through 
the  deep  snow  on  the  banks  of  the  Hoosick  river,  and  over  the  lofty 
mountains  of  that  name,  in  the  cold  month  of  February,  1758,  and 
reduced  to  the  sad  necessity  of  eating  dog.  Friendships  formed  on 
such  trying  occasions  are  not  easily  obliterated,  and  I  assure  you 
that  I  still  feel  a  lively  friendship  for  you,  and  have  often  thought 
of  writing  you  ;  but  no  direct  opportunity  offering,  have  hitherto 
neglected  it.  You  are  the  only  one  of  my  old  comrades  that  I 
know  of  who  is  living.  There  may  be  others  yet  alive,  but  I  do 
not  know  where  they  dwell.  I  observed  last  summer  in  the  news- 
papers, the  insertion  of  the  death  of  Samuel  Wiswal.  I  expect 
you  to  remember  his  leaving  us  at  Fort  Edward,  soon  after  the 
taking  of  Fort  Wm.  Henry. 

I  noticed  in  the  public  prints,  a  few  years  since,  that  T. 
Jefferson  had  honored  you  by  removing  you  from  an  office  be- 
stowed upon  you  by  the  great  and  virtuous  Washington,  the  real 
father  of  his  country.  Your  removal  from  office  is  full  evidence 
of  your  adherence  to  the  principles  of  the  good  old  Washington 
school,  of  which  I  avow  myself  to  be  a  true  disciple  ;  and  the 
numerous  removals  of  honest,  capable  men  from  office,  and  in  many 
instances  the  vacancies  so  made  by  T.  Jefferson  filled  again  by 
him  with  d-d  rascals,  has  excited  my  warmest  indignation. 

I  consider  that  heaven,  in  its  wrath  for  the  sins  of  our  nation, 
permitted  him   to   preside   over   our  nation.     I   did   hope   that   his 


WAYFARER'S  NOTES  191 


successor  was  fully  convinced  of  the  mad,  weak  and  foolish  meas- 
ures of  his  immediate  predecessor,  and  that  he  would  administer 
the  government  with  impartiality  ;  but  I  find  myself  disappointed, 
and  that  we  are  still  to  bear  French  insults  and  that  Great  Britain 
is  to  be  treated  with  every  possible  insult,  to  provoke  her  to  com- 
mence hostilities  against  us,  and  we  thus  compelled  to  go  to  war 
with  her,  and  to  form  an  alliance  with  the  tyrant  and  scourge 
of  Europe,  which  I  pray  heaven  to  avert. 

You  will  see  that  this  letter  is  dated  at  Boston.  I  came  here 
about  a  month  since,  on  a  visit  to  my  son  and  daughter,  who  live 
here,  they  being  all  the  children  I  have.  My  daughter  is  married 
and  her  husband  and  my  son  are  doing  business  together  as  mer- 
chants under  the  firm  of  Richards  &  Jones.  My  wife  is  still  living, 
but  has  not  enjoyed  very  good  health  for  some  years  past.  I  have 
generally  enjoyed  very  good  health,  but  now  feel  the  infirmities  of 
old  age.  I  entered  my  72d  year  the  8th  instant.  I  believe  your  age 
is  not  much  different  from  mine.  I  came  on  from  Machias  to 
Boston  by  land,  and  expect  to  return  again  the  same  way,  the  fore 
part  of  next  month.  If  you  have  any  federal  newspapers  edited 
with  you,  the  spirited  resolutions  passed  by  our  legislature  in  their 
present  session,  will  undoubtedly  be  published  in  them  and  you  will 
read  them  with  much  satisfaction  ;  they  manifest  the  true  spirit  of 
'75.  If  you  find  it  convenient  to  write  to  me,  I  assure  you  that  it 
will  be  very  acceptable  to 

Your  old  friend  and  humble  servant, 

STEPHEN  JONES. 

He  was  the  most  conspicuous  and  eminent  citizen  of  his  town 
and  county  for  nearly  forty  years.  At  a  public  dinner  he  was  once 
toasted  as  "the  first  man  in  the  town  and  the  first  mati  in  the 
county.''  He  married  Sarah  Barnard.  She  died  in  Machias  and 
was  buried  in  the  old  burying  ground  in  the  rear  of  the  town 
house,  where  I  saw  a  few  years  since,  her  gravestone  coxered  with 
weeds  and  bushes  :  "In  memory  of  Sarah,  wife  of  Hon.  Stephen 
Jones,  Esquire,  who  died  May  24,  1820,  aged  78.''  After  the 
death  of  his  wife  he  went  to  Boston  to  live  with  his  children.  I 
think  he  died  about  1826.      Their  children  were  : 

Stephen  J.,  born  April  15,  1775,  Boston,  merchant:  Sally, 
b.  July  4,  1779,  died  prior  to  1810  ;  Polly,  b.  Jan.  5,  1781,  died 
prior  to  1810;  Sukey  CofTin,  b.  Feb.  3,1783.  She  married  John 
Richards  of  Gouldsborough,  (Jan.  19,  1800.)  He  was  an  agent 
with  General  Cobb,  of  the  liingham  estate  for  some  years  ;  then 
moved  to  Boston  where  he  was  a  merchant  in  company  with  his 
brother-in-law,  Stephen  Jones.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  I{ichards  had  chil- 
dren.   John,  Henry,  Frances  and   Maria. 


192       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Pre-Historic  Indians  of  Maine 

The  JouRXAi.  acknowledges  thanks  for  an  exceedingly  interest- 
ing and  valuable  treatise  on  the  "Red-paint  People  of  Maine,"' 
by  Professor  Warren  K.  Moorehead  of  Andover,  Massachusetts, 
received  from  the  author,  it  being  a  reprint  from  the  American 
Anthropologist,  Vol.  15,  No.  1,  (Jan. -March,  1913.)  It  relates 
to  research  and  explorations  of  prehistoric  Indian  burial  places  in 
the  lower  Penobscot  region  and  as  far  north  as  Moosehead  Lake, 
and  down  the  west  branch  of  the  Penobscot  as  far  as  Passadum- 
keag.  He  corroborates  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by  Mr.  C.  C. 
Willoughby,  of  the  Peabody  Museum,  Harvard  University,  in 
1892,  published  in  the  Peabody  Museum  papers.  Vol.  1,  No.  6, 
Cambridge,  1898,  who  discovered  "many  graves  containing  curious 
gouges  and  hatchet-blades,  as  well  as  considerable  quantities  of 
red  ochre,  and  fire  stones  and  other  objects.'"  These  discoveries 
point  conclusively  to  a  race  of  Indians,  "readily  distinguished 
from  recent  Algonquin  tribes.'' 

Professor  Moorehead  believes  that  the  culture  of  these  Red- 
paint  People  extended  at  least  thirty  miles  north  of  Bangor. 

Among    the  conclusions  which    Professor  Moorehead    arrives  at 
are  the  following  : 

"First.  Our  studies  warrant  agreement  with  practically  all 
the  results  of  the  observations  presented  by  Mr.  Willoughby  in  the 
able  paper  on  his  explorations  in  the  same  region. 

"Second.  It  is  our  conviction  that  the  graves  represent  an 
ancient  and  exceedingly  primitive  culture,  totally  different  from 
that  of  the  later  Algonquin  tribes  inhabiting  ihe  region. 

"Third.  The  absence  of  human  remains  from  these  graves, 
and  the  disintegration  of  fully  a  fifth  of  the  stone  implements, 
point  to  considerable  antiquity.  This  condition  resulted  from  the 
fact  that  the  burials  were  all  in  sand  or  gravel  or  gravelly  loam. 
The  water  percolated  beneath  the  implements,  leaving  them  dry. 
Under  such  conditions  in  the  Middle  West,  where  the  writer  has 
made  extensive  explorations,  the  skeletons  are  usually  fairly  well 
preserved  and  disintegrated  stone  implements  never  occur. 

"Fourth.  There  is  a  total  absence  of  the  following  well- 
known   Penobscot  or  Abnaki   types  :      The  grooved  axe  ;  grooved 


A  DEPOSITION  IN  1776  193 


hammer  ;  pottery  ;  soapstone  dishes  and  ornaments  ;  pierced  tab- 
lets of  the  common  forms  ;  few,  if  an}-,  thick  celts  ;  mortars  and 
pestles  ;  pipes  ;  beads  ;  bone  implements.  There  are  verv  few  of 
the  small,  ordinary,  chipped  arrowheads.  Chipped  spearpoints  and 
an  occasional  arrowhead  are  found,  but  most  of  the  projectile  points 
are  of  polished  slate. 

"Fifth.  The  presence  of  problematical  forms  of  the  winged 
class  brings  up  the  interesting  question  :  Was  the  winged  proble- 
matical form  first  made  by  the  Red-paint  People  and  from  them 
spread  westward .'' 

"Sixth.  The  interments  are  characterized  not  by  the  usual 
small  quantity  of  pigment  found  elsewhere  in  graves,  but  by 
generous  quantities  of  iron  oxide,  usually  red  and  occasionally 
yellow.  This  occurs  in  such  large  masses  as  frequently  to  discolor 
the  soil  for  several  inches  above  and  below  the  implements  and 
throughout  a  diameter  of  as  much  as  three  feet  ;  indeed  in  some 
of  the  graves  at  least  half  a  bushel  of  pigment  was  placed." 


A   Deposition    in   1776  Relating    to   Land   in 

Biddeford 

(From  Documentary  History  of  Maine. 
(Baxter  Manuscripts)  Vol.  15,  P.  46.) 

William  Murch  of  Lawful  age  Testify  and  says  that  Wyat 
More  late  of  Biddeford  in  the  County  of  York,  now  of  Aplace, 
called  Mount  desert  in  the  County  of  Lincoln,  and  James  More  of 
the  same  place  some  time  in  the  year  1760  signed  a  deed  to  the 
Deponents  Father,  John  Mm-cli,  of  a  tract  of  Land  in  said 
Biddeford  bounded  as  follows  :  beginning  at  a  white  pine  Stump 
on  the  Bank  of  Little  River  &  thence  running  South  East  to 
Henry  Pendexter's  Land  31  Rods  8c  an  haH\  then  South  west 
keeping  the  breadth  of  thirty-one  rods  ik.  an  half  untill  twenty- 
one  are  conipleated  and  that  the  same  Land  in  the  last  Will  & 
testament  of  his  father  was  given  to  the  Deponents  Brother,  John 
Murch,  but  the  said  Deed  was  never  recorded  and  was  burned  in 
the  Deponents  House  the  Eighteenth  Day  of  April  last 

William  Murch 

York  ss.  June  12,  1776  Then  the  above  named  William 
Murch  made  oath  to  the  truth  of  the  above  Deposition  before  me 

Ja  Sullivan,  Justice  of  the  Peace 


Sprague's  Journal  of  Maine  History 

PUBLISHED    QUARTERLY 
Vol.   I  JANUARY,   1914  No.  5 

JOHN  FRANCIS  SPRAGUE,  Dover,  Maine,  Editor  and  Publisher,  to  whom  all  eom- 
munications  should  be  addressed. 

Entered  as  second  class  matter,  at  the  post  oflice  at  Dover,  Maine. 

TERMS:  For  all  numbers  issued  durinsr  the  year,  including:  an  index  and  all  special  is- 
sues,  ll.oo.  Single  copies,  25  cents.  Bountl  volumes,  containing  all  of  the  issues  for  one  year, 
$1.50.    Postage  prepaid. 


"  IVe  ))nist  look  a  little  into  that  process  of  natio)i-making 
7vhich  has  been  going  on  since  preiiistoric  ages  ayid  is  going 
on  here  anio?ig  ns  to-day^  and Jr-om  the  recorded  experience 
of  men  iji  times  long  past  ive  may  gather  lessons  of  infinite 
value  for  ourselves  and  for  our  children' s  children . ' ' 

— John  Fiske. 


The  Value  of  a  Knowledge  of  State    History 

At  some  time,  subseciuent  to  those  unknown  periods  when  man 
dwelt  in  caves  and  tree  tops,  he  began  to  make  crude  record  of  his 
work  and  performances,  and  it  so  interested  other  generations  of 
men  that  they  preserved  it  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  those  who 
succeeded  them.  It  is  this  transmission  of  the  doings,  the  experi- 
ences, the  struggles,  the  victories  and  the  failures,  the  joys  and  the 
sorrows  of  mankind  from  epoch  to  epoch,  from  generation  to 
generation,  that  we  call  history.  The  memorable  deeds  of  history 
elevate  and  cultivate  the  mind.  The  student  holds  converse  with 
those  of  other  ages  and  scans  and  studies  the  imprint  which  the 
"noiseless  foot  of  time"  has  made  upon  the  race. 

The  record  of  the  struggles,  the  victories  and  the  defeats  of 
the  toilers  and  the  moilers  of  today  will  be  either  an  inspiration  or 
a  warning  to  those  who  will  toil  and  moil  tomorrow. 

It  is  inevitable  that  the  story  of  the  past  may,  if  utilized, 
serve  to  light  the  pathway  in  making  the  story  of  the  present. 

If  this  is  a  fact  regarding  history  generally,  the  history  of 
races,  nations  and  peoples,  it  follows  logically  that  it  applies  with 
comparative  force  to  the  history  of  a  state,  a  county,  a  city  or  a 
hamlet,  a  country  town,  a  remote  })lantation  or  a  backwoods 
settlement.      Then   the   study  of  your   own   local   history   developes 


VALUE  OF  A  KNOWLEDGE  OF  STATE  HISTORY  195 


and  cultivates  an  interest  in  the  entire  history  of  the  evolution  of 
the  world's  civilization. 

For  trace  back  as  you  may  the  circumstances  surrounding  any 
of  the  first  settlements  in  Colonial  Maine  and  within  vour  ken  is 
the  fascinating  history  of  Europe,  and  her  social,  economic, 
religious  and  political  development  during  the  same  period  of  time. 

We  behold  not  only  the  human  ferment  of  more  than  two 
hundred  years  participated  in  by  Catholic,  Protestant  and 
Huguenot,  and  are  not  only  in  close  touch  with  the  intrigues  and 
clash  of  the  old  world  in  those  days,  but  we  also  see  much  of  the 
lurid  tragedy  of  the  red  man's  race  and  its  pathetic  fading  from 
off  the  face  of  the  earth.  The  efforts  and  failures  of  his  ancestors 
will  create  in  the  citizen  not  only  a  reverence  for  them  and  their 
achicA ements,  but  also  a  desire  and  a  determination  to  impro\e  up- 
on their  methods,  to  work  upon  more  advanced  and  progressive 
lines,  and  to  finish  in  a  better  fashion  what  they  had  begun.  Such 
is  the  beginning  of  true  statesmanship  and  the  formation  of  the 
loftiest  ideals.  It  helps  to  evolve  righteous  government,  to  lay 
the  foundation  for  true  progress,  and  to  produce  the  highest  type 
of  American  citizenship. 

Hence  all  public-spirited  citizens,  all  publicists,  statesmen, 
educators  and  teachers,  are  vitally  interested  in  a  general  way  in 
the  consideration  of  these  subjects  whether  specially  engaged  in 
their  studv  or  not. 


Judge  Edgar  C.  Smith,  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Piscataquis  Historical  Society,  has  received  notice  of  the  twenty- 
ninth  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Historical  Association  at 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  December  29-30,  and  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  December  31,  1913,  with  an  invitation  to  this 
society  to  send  delegates  to  attend  this  meeting. 


AxY  of  our  subscribers  who  desire  to  have  their  numbers  of 
Volume  One  of  the  JoniXAL  bound  in  g(»od  cloth  binding  may  send 
the  same  to  the  publisher  who  will  have  them  bound  and  mailed  to 
such  subscriber  upon  payment  of  fifty  cents  which  will  include 
postage. 


196       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Notes  and  Fragments 

A  CROSS  the  fields  of  yesterday 
-^*-  He  sometimes  comes  to  me, 
A  little  lad  just  back  from  play  — 
The  lad  I  used  to  be. 

And  yet  he  smiles  so  wistfully 

Once  he  has  crept  within, 
I  wonder  he  still  hopes  to  see 

The  man  I  might  have  been. 

—Thomas  S.  Jones,  Jr. 


Nearl}'  twenty  years  ago  there  was  quite  a  spirited  contro- 
versy in  the  newspapers  of  the  country  regarding  the  birthplace 
of  Sir  Hiram  Maxim,  the  famous  inxentor  of  the  machine  gun 
which  bears  his  name,  now  an  EngHsh  subject,  but  a  native  of  the 
State  of  Maine.  Hohnan  Day,  Maine's  popular  author,  had  been 
editing  the  Dexter  Gazette  and  having  been  misinformed  as  to  the 
facts,  and  yet  desiring  to  add  to  the  fame  of  the  good  town  of 
Dexter,  alleged  it  to  have  been  in  that  town.  Many  othei's  located 
it  in  Wayne,  Maine,  as  that  was  the  original  home  of  that  branch 
of  the  Maxim  family  to  which  he  belonged.  And  yet  others 
averred  that  it  was  in  the  town  of  Abbot.  The  writer  addressed  a 
letter  to  the  mother  of  Sir  Hiram,  then  living  in  Wayne,  and 
received  the  following  reply  : 

Wayne,  31  Dec    A.  D.  1897. 
J.   F.   Sprague,  Esq., 

Dear  Sir  :     We  lived  at  Brockway's  Mills  in  the  Nickerson  house  when 
my  son  Hiram  was  born  Wednesday  about  noon  5  Feb.  A.  D.  1840. 

Yours  truly, 

HARRIET  BOSTON  MAXIM. 

This  letter  is  in  the  handwriting  of  Mrs.  Maxim  and  is  yet 
in  the  writer's  possession.  Brockway's  Mills  is  in  the  town  of 
Sangerville,  Maine. 


In  1S60,  Isaac  Maxim,  the  father  of  Sir  Hiram,  resided  with 
his  famih'  in  the  town  of  Abbot,  Maine. 

The  following  notice  appeared  in  the  Piscataciuis  Obser\er  in 
its  issue  of  April  26,  1860  : 


NOTES  AND  FRAGxMENTS  197 


FREEDOM  NOTICE. 

For  a  valuable  consideration,  I  have  this  day  relinquished  to  my  son, 
Hiram  S.  Maxim,  his  time  during  his  minority.  I  shall  claim  none  of  his 
earnings  or  pay  any  debts  of  his  contracting  after  this  date. 

ISAAC  MAXIM. 
Witness,  D.  D.  Flynt. 
Abbot,  April  18,  1860. 

Subsequent  to  this  Hiram  enlisted  as  a  soldier  in  the  Union 
Arniv  and  served  in  the  Civil  AVar. 


Mr.  Daniel  Smith  of  Machias,  Maine,  has  in  his  possession  an 

old  day  book  kept  in  the  store  of  Colonel  John  Allen,  from  August 

25,  1783,  to  January  5,  1805.      We  recently  had  an  opportunity 

to  examine  this  book  and  found  the  following  entries  relating  to  an 

account  that  he  had  with  Benedict  Arnold,  who  was  then  on  the 

Island  of  Campbello,   some  years  after  he  had  committed  acts  of 

treason  against  the  cause  of  the  American  Colonies  : 

"Gen.  Arnold,                                                                  Dr. 
1786. 
Nov.  6.  To  1976  feet  of   Lumber,  del.  to  Capt.  Gregg " 

"Bennedick  Arnold  Dr. 

1786. 
Dec.  6.  To  1  Gallon  Rum  .36" 

"Gen.  Arnold,                                                                      Dr. 
1787. 
Feb.  7.  To  Cordage,  del.   to  Capt.  Gregg  " 


Long  before  the  close  of  the  present  century  the  work  of 
man's  art  added  to  Maine's  natural  scenery,  will  undoubtedly  have 
made  this  the  most  beautiful  and  picturesque  State  on  the  Ameri- 
can continent.  The  historian  of  the  future  will  record  the  fact 
that  the  primal  reason  for  this  was  the  agitation  for  "good  roads  " 
in  Maine,  which  really  began  within  the  last  decade  and  which  is 
so  pronounced  in  this  year  of  grace  1913.  This  will  be  regarded 
as  an  epoch,  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in  road  improvement  and 
the  preservation  of  shade  trees  along  the  broad  highways  of  the 
Pine  Tree  State.  It  will  be  a  fact  worthy  of  much  notice  in  the 
future  that  in  the  State  election  of  1912,  both  candidates  for 
Go\  ernor.  Honorable  Frederick  W.  Plaisted  and  Honorable  William 
T.    Haines,   advocated  on   the  stump  the   bond    issue  which  made 


198       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

progress  in   this  direction   possible  and   that    the  people  of  Maine 
at  the  election  of  that  year  voted   for  it. 


The  Piscata(|uis  Histoi'ical  Society  has  held  regular  quarterly 
meetings  during  the  past  year  with  an  attendance  larger  than 
usual.  Among  the  papers  which  have  been  read  are:  "Water 
Witches  or  the  Use  of  the  Divining  Rod  in  Piscataquis  County," 
Edgar  C.  Smith;  "Some  Reminiscences  of  Civil  War  Days  in 
Maine,"  John  F.  Sprague  ;  "Further  Gleanings  From  the  Early 
History  of  the  Town  of  Guilford,"  Mrs.  Osgood  P.  Martin  ;  a  few- 
facts  on  the  early  "Navigation  of  Lake  Hebron,*"  Walter  C. 
Jackson;  "The  Towne  Family  in  Piscataf^uis  County,"  John  F. 
Sprague.  "Old  Time  Teachers  of  Piscataquis  County  "  is  a  series 
of  papers  prepared  by  the  committee  on  entertainment  for  19LS, 
namely  :  Miss  Mary  E.  Averill,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Hayes  and  Mrs. 
O.  P.  Martin.  These  papers  have  Ijeen  read  b}'  Miss  Mary  E. 
Averill,  Mrs.  O.  P.   Martin  and  Mrs.  Ella  M.  Getchell. 

The  annual  outing  was  held  in  the  Congregational  Church  in 
Monson,  August  20,  1913,  when  a  \  ery  interesting  program  was 
carried  out,  including  the  reading  of  selections  from  the  poems  of 
Anna  Boynton  Averill  by  Francis  C.  Peaks. 

Among  the  honorary  members  })resent  was  Maine's  noted 
author,  Mrs.  Fannie  Hardy  Eckstorm  of  Brewer,  Maine. 


Thk  exact  origin  of  the  name  Acadia  has  always  been  in  doubt 
among  historians. 

In  "Military  Operations  in  Eastern  Maine  and  Nova  Scotia," 
by  Frederic  Kidder,  (Albany  186T)  the  author  (p,  6)  says  : 
"The  name  of  Acadia,  which  was  given  it  by  the  French  is  the 
Indian  word  for  Pollock,  a  fish  very  abundant  on  that  coast."  He 
does  not  however  cite  any  authority  for  the  statement. 


We  acknowledge  receipt  of  valuable  public  documents 
received  from  Congressman  Guernsey  and  the  Memorial  Addresses 
on  the  life  and  character  of  the  late  John  Breck  Perkins  from 
Honorable  ()l)adiah  Gardner. 


AN  ARNOLD  MEMORIAL  199 


An  Arnold  Memorial 

THIS     TABLE  T 

MARKS  THE  HEADQUARTERS  OF 

COLONEL     BENEDICT     ARNOLD 

SEPT.   21—23,   1775 

WHEN  HE  AVAS  THE  GUEST  OF 

MAJOR     REUBEN     CO  LB  URN 

DURING  THE  TRANSFER  OF  HIS  ARMY  OF 

1100  MEN  AND  SUPPLIES  FROM 

THE  TRANSPORTS  TO  THE  220  BATEAUX 

BUILT  BY  MAJOR  COLBURN 

FOR  THE  EXPEDITION   TO  QUEBEC 

TO  COMMEMORATE  THIS  EVENT   THIS  TABLET 

IS  PLACED  BY 

SAMUEL  GRANT  CHAPTER 

DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION 

1913 

A  bronze  tablet  bearing  the  foregoing  inscription  was 
unveiled  in  the  town  of  Pittston,  August  28,  1913.  It  is  affixed 
to  a  large,  granite  boulder  by  the  side  of  the  higliway  and  within  a 
few  rods  of  the  left  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River.  The  boulder  was 
brought  from  a  distance  and  placed  there  for  that  purpose  by  the 
town  authorities.  Nearby  is  the  Colburn  house,  the  same  which 
Reuben  Colburn  occupied  and  in  which  he  entertained  his  dis- 
tinguished guest  in  1775.  It  is  a  two-story  mansion  of  attractive 
appearance,  and  is  about  three  miles  south  of  the  bridge  which 
connects  Gardiner  with  Randolph.  It  has  always  been  in  the 
possession  of  the  Colburn  family. 

The  plan  of  an  expedition  against  Quebec  by  way  of  the 
Kennebec  is  said  to  have  originated  with  General  Washington. 
In  the  spring  of  1775  he  contracted  with  Reuben  Colburn, 
a  landowner  and  shipl)uilder  in  Gardinerston,  as  it  was  then 
called,  for  the  building  of  two  hundred  bateaux.  These  were 
designed  for  the  transportation  of  the  troops  and  supplies  beyond 


5200       SPRAGUE'S  JOURxNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

the  point  to  which  the  river  was  navigable  for  larger  craft.  The 
"bateaux  were  in  readiness  when  Arnold  reached  Gardinerston,  but 
he  found  their  number  inadequate  to  carrying  his  one  thousand, 
one  hundred  men  and  the  various  articles  which  make  up  the 
baggage  of  an  ai-niy.  He  decided  that  twenty  more  were  necessary, 
and  his  delay  of  two  days  at  Major  Colburn's  was  to  allow  time  for 
their  construction. 

The  afternoon  selected  for  the  unveiling  of  the  tablet  proved 
to  be  as  pleasant  as  could  be  desired.  A  considerable  number  of 
spectators  were  present,  and  Honorable  O.  B.  Clason  presided  with 
his  customary  ease  and  dignit}'.  After  a  prayer  by  Reverend 
Robert  S.  Pinkham  of  Gardiner,  and  during  the  playing  by  the 
band  of  "The  Star  Spangled  Banner,"  the  flag  which  concealed 
the  tablet  was  drawn  aside  by  Miss  Helen  Averill  Colburn,  a  great- 
great-granddaughter  of  the  builder  of  the  bateaux.  The  remaining 
exercises  consisted  of  a  historical  paper  by  Francis  W.  Flitner  of 
Boston,  an  address  by  Judge  A.  M.  Spear  of  the  S.  J.  Court,  some 
memorial  verses  by  Henry  S.  Webster  of  Gardiner,  and  remarks  by 
Mrs.  Wm.  C.  Robinson  of  North  Anson,  State  Regent  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution.  Mr.  Webster's  verses  are 
here  given  entire. 

BENEDICT  ARNOLD-1775. 

What  visions  rose  on  Arnold's  gaze 

As  here  he  stood,  so  long  ago, 
And  saw  September's  sober  haze 

Melt  in  the  sunset's  crimson  glow. 

The  din  of  hammer,  axe  and  saw 

Disturbs  no  more  the  peaceful  air. 
And  round  their  board  the  workmen  draw, 

Glad  of  their  coarse  and  humble  fare. 

The  banter  and  the  noisy  jest 

From  man  to  man  responsive  leap  ; 
But  he,  apart  from  all  the  rest. 

Was  lost  in  contemplation  deep. 

For  well  he  knew  what  dangers  lay 

Betwixt  him  and  his  distant  goal. 
And  the  grim  terrors  of  the  way 

Might  fill  with  awe  the  bravest  soul. 

Amid  that  labyrinth  of  trees 

What  savage  foes  may  lurk  unseen? 


A  MASSACHUSETTS  COLONIAL  ORDINANCE      201 


What  shapes  of  famine  and  disease 
May  crouch  behind  yon  leafy  screen? 

But  his  was  not  a  mind  to  bend 
Before  the  frowns  of  circumstance, 

Or  rest  supinely  and  perpend 
The  doubtful  reckonings  of  chance. 

The  Kennebec  whose  stately  tide 

Swept  ever  onward  to  the  sea 
Bore  not  itself  with  lordlier  pride 

Or  more  resolved  intent  than  he. 

We  honor  them,  those  men  of  old. 

Who  wrought  and  fought  in  Freedom's  cause, 
To  save  for  us  a  land  controlled 

By  manhood's  rights  and  equal  laws. 

We  honor  him,  their  youthful  chief. 

For  courage  and  for  bold  design. 
And  round  his  brows  a  laurel  leaf 

Our  grateful  hands  may  fitly  twine. 

And  if  in  some  dark  hour  he  err 
From  the  high  vantage  of  his  trust. 

Beneath  Ambition's  maddening  spur. 
Or  Envy's  base,  disheartening  thrust, 

His  recreance  our  lips  will  own 

With  more  of  pity  than  of  blame. 
While  here  on  this  memorial  stone. 

We  dare  to  blazon  Arnold's  name. 


A  Massachusetts  Colonial    Ordinance  That  is 
the  Law  of  Maine 

IJy   the   Editor 

From  1630  to  1686  the  Massachusetts  Colony  chartered  by 
the  English  Sovereign  under  the  legal  title  of  "The  Governor  and 
Company  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England,"  was  governed 
by  a  Governor,  a  Deputy  Governor  and  eighteen  assistants,  which 
was  called  the  "Board  of  Assistants,"  but  later  came  to  be  known 


202       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

as  the  "Court  of  Assistants.''  These  were  elected  by  the 
Company.  They  were  empowered  to  make  such  laws  as  they 
desired  for  their  settlers  provided  they  did  not  violate  the  laws  of 
England. 

Subsequently  it  was  arranged  so  that  two  deputies  were  elected 
from  each  settlement  to  advise  with  this  board  or  court.  '"*  At  first 
the  deputies  sat  in  the  same  chamber  with  the  assistants  but  later 
(1644)  they  were  formed  into  a  second  chamber  with  increased 
powers.  From  this  body  has  gradually  developed  the  General 
Court  or  Legislature  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts. 

In  1641  this  body  passed  certain  ordinances  which  were  then 
known  as  the  "  Body  of  Liberties"  but  are  generally  referred  to 
in  history  and  by  the  courts  as  the  "Colonial  Ordinances.*' 

The  liberty  of  women,  of  children,  of  servants,  of  foreigners, 
of  strangers  and  of  dumb  beasts,  was  fully  provided  for,  and  the 
right  of  free  speech  within  due  and  onlerly  limits  at  public  assem- 
blies.     The  16th  article  of  these  "  Libei'ties '"  is  as  follows  : 

Every  inhabitant  that  is  an  howse  holder  shall  have  free  fishing  and 
fowling  in  any  great  ponds  and  Bayes,  Coves  and  Rivers,  so  farr  as  the  sea 
ebbs  and  flows  within  the  presincts  of  the  towne  where  they  dwell,  unlesse 
the  free  men  of  the  same  Towne  or  the  Generall  Court  have  otherwise 
appropriated  them,  provided  that  this  shall  not  be  extended  to  give  leave  to 
any  man  to  come  upon  others  proprietie  without  there  leave. 

In  1647  this  ordinance  was  amended,  gi\ing  the  public  the 
right  to  "pass  and  re-pass  on  foot  through  any  man's  property 
for  that  end  so  they  trespass  not  upon  an}'  man's  corn  or 
meadow."  The  Courts  of  Massachusetts  long  ago  held  that  this 
means  that  a  "great  pond"  is  a  natural  pond  of  more  than  ten 
acres  in  extent,  and  that  it  gave  fishermen  the  right  to  approach  such 
pond  through  unenclosed  woodlands  to  whomsoever  belonging,  but 
not  to  cross  another  man's  tillage  or  improved  land. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts  has  repeatedly  decided 
that  this  ordinance  is  tlie  common  law  of  that  Common  weal  tli,  but 
this  question  so  far  as  it  related  to  inland  ponds  was  never  brouglit 
directly  liefore  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine  until  1882,  in  the 
case  of  Barrows  vs.  McUermott,  rei)orted  in  the  73  Me.  441. 
This  was  an  action  of  trespass  against  the  defendant  for  fishing  on 

(a)     The  Beginnings  of  New  England.     P.   106. 


A  MASSACHUSETTS  COLONIAL  OHDLXANCE      203 


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204       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

Grindstone  Pond,  in  what  was  then  the  town  of  Howard  ^  in 
Piscataquis  County.  The  plaintiff  owned  a  large  tract  of  land 
adjoining  this  pond,  so  that  the  defendant,  in  going  to  and  from 
the  pond,  passed  over  and  through  a  cleared  and  cultivated  piece 
of  land,  and  the  Court  held  that  he  had  committed  a  technical 
trespass  in  going  across  this  cleared  land,  but  did  not  commit  any 
trespass  in  fishing  in  the  waters  of  Grindstone  Pond. 

Thus  the  Supreme  Court  of  Maine  fully  established  the  legal 
principle  that  as  Maine  was  formerly  a  part  of  Massachusetts 
territory  this  ordinance  is  the  common  law  of  Maine,  and  must 
thus  stand  unless  it  is  changed  by  legislative  enactment. 

The  above  named  case  of  Barrows  vs  McDermott  besides 
establishing  this  legal  principle  was  of  considerable  historical 
interest  as  well. 

The  counsel  ^  for  the  plaintiff  in   their  argument  said  : 

"The  defendant  would  invoke  the  colonial  ordinance  of  1647.  The 
locus  in  quo  was  in  1641  and  1647,  if  subject  to  any  European  power,  subject 
to  the  grants  and  control  of  the  French  government  and  not  of  the  English. 
The  territory  of  the  town  or  township  of  Howard  as  will  be  seen  by  inspec- 
tion of  any  and  all  maps,  is  situated  north  of  the  parallel  of  the  forty-fifth 
degree  north  latitude.  Abbott's  History  of  Maine,  pp.  31,  106,  100,  101, 
208;  British  Dominion  in  America,  book  3d.  part  2d. ,  p.  246;  Address  of 
Ex-Governor  J.  L.  Chamberlain,  at  the  Centennial  Exposition,  at  Phila- 
delphia, November  4,  1876,  and  in  Convention  of  the  Legislature  of  Maine, 
February  6,  1877,  found  in  the  published  volume  of  the  acts  and  resolves  of 
the  legislature  of  Maine,  A.  D.  1877,  269,  288;  Hazard's  Collection,  vol. 
1,  442  ;  Goodrich's  History  of  the  United  States,  edition  of  1849,  page  47  ; 
Holmes'  American  Annals,  vol.  1,  p.  301  ;  Hubbard's  History  of  New 
England,  p.  133  ;  Summary  of  British  Settlements  in  North  America  by 
William  Douglass,  vol.  1,  332,  389;  Willis'  History  of  Portland,  222; 
Williamson's  History,  vol.  II,  10  ;  I  Hazard's  Historical  Collections  105, 
111  ;  Plymouth  Colonial  Laws,  (ed.  1836,)  3-10,  cited  in  note  appended  to 
Commonwealth  vs  Roxbury,  9  Gray,  503  ;  Laws  of  Massachusetts,  published 
1807,  vol.  2,  page  969." 

The  court  in  an  opinion  by  Mr.  Justice  Barrows  after  referring  to 
the  position  of  the  defendant  said  :  "The  plaintiff's  counsel  strikes  at  the 
root  of  this  defence  in  an  elaborate  effort,  exhibiting  not  a  little  historical 
research,  to  show  that  those  who  framed  this  ordinance  had  no  jurisdiction 
over  the  locus,  and  that  it  never  was  law  for  such  portion  of  this  State  as 
falls  within  the  limits  of  the  ancient  Acadia. 


(a)  Now  Willimantic. 

(b)  The  counsel  in  this  case  were  the  late  Augustus  G.  Lebroke  and 
Willis  E.  Parsons  for  the  plaintiff,  and  John  F.  Spragiie  and  Henry  Hudson 
for  the  defendant. 


A  MASSACHUSETTS  COLONIAL  ORDLNANCE      205 


"It  may  well  be  that  the  oi'dinance  has  no  force  by  virtue  of  positive 
enactment  by  any  legislative  body  having  jurisdiction  at  the  time  of  such 
enactment  over  what  is  now  the  county  of  Piscataquis,  and  that  its  opera- 
tion has  never  been  extended  there  by  any  specific  act  of  legislation  since  ; 
and  it  is  quite  true  that  when  under  the  charter  of  William  and  Mary,  the 
great  and  general  court  of  Assembly  of  the  Province,  in  1692,  acting  for  the 
three  united  colonies  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  Plymouth,  and  Maine, 
re-enacted  '  all  the  local  laws  respectively  ordered  and  made  by  the  late 
governor  and  company  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  and  the  late  government 
of  New  Plymouth,'  it  was  done  on  such  terms  that  they  continued  in  force 
only  '  in  the  respective  places  for  which  they  were  made  and  used  '  so  that 
the  ordinance  under  consideration  was  never  in  terms  extended  to  the 
Plymouth  colony  or  to  Maine  under  any  legislative  sanction.  See  Anc. 
Charters,  etc.,  pp.  213,  229. 

"But  it  has  been  so  often  and  so  fully  recognized  by  the  Courts  both 
in  this  State  and  in  Massachusetts  as  a  familiar  part  of  the  common  law  of 
both,  throughout  their  entire  extent,  without  regard  to  its  source  or  its 
limited  original  force  as  a  piece  of  legislation  for  the  colony  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  that  we  could  not  but  regard  it  as  a  piece  of  judicial  legisla- 
tion to  do  away  with  any  part  of  it  or  to  fail  to  give  it  its  due  force  through- 
out the  State  until  it  shall  have  been  changed  by  the  proper  law  making 
power.  When  a  statute  or  ordinance  has  thus  become  part  of  the  common 
law  of  a  State  it  must  be  regarded  as  adopted  in  its  entirety  and  through- 
out the  entire  jurisdiction  of  the  court  declaring  its  adoption.  Barker  v. 
Bates,  13,  Pick.  255  ;  Commonwealth  v.  Alger,  7  Cush.  53,  76,  79. 

"It  is  not  adopted  solely  at  the  discretion  of  the  court  declaring  its 
adoption,  but  because  the  court  find  that  it  has  been  so  largely  accepted  and 
acted  on  by  the  community  as  law  that  it  would  be  fraught  with  mischief  to 
set  it  aside." 


The  JoniXAL  acknowledges  the  courtesy  of  Honorable  Charles- 
F.  Johnson,  Senior  Senator  in  tlie  Ignited  States  Senate  from 
Maine,  for  a  copy  of  the  "Memorial  Addresses  "  delivered  in  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  on  ^^'illiam  Pierce  Frye,  late 
a  Senator  from  Maine. 

On  this  occasion  addresses  were  delivered  in  the  Senate  by 
Senators  Johnson  of  Maine,  Lodj;e  of  Massachusetts,  Racon  of 
Georgia,  Gallinger  of  New  Hampshire,  Rurton  of  Ohio,  Simmons 
of  North  Carolina,  Nelson  of  Minnesota,  Perkins  of  California 
and    Gardner    of    Maine,    and    in    the    House    by    Representatives 


^06        SrilAGlTE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 

McGillicuddy,    (iuernse}-,    Gould  and   Hinds  of  Maine,   Stevens  of 

Minnesota  and  Cullup  of  Indianna. 

In  his  able  address  on  Senatoi-  Frve,  which  evidenced  historical 

research,  Senator  Johnson  said  : 

"His  ancestry  was  of  good  old  English  stock,  which  emigrated  from 
the  county  of  Hants,  England,  in  1654  to  the  Massachusetts  Colony,  and 
some  of  whose  descendants  found  a  home  in  Maine.  His  great-great- 
grandfather. General  Joseph  Frye,  was  a  colonel  in  the  English  Army,  and 
fought  in  the  French  and  Indian  Wars,  and  afterwards  became  a  general 
in  the  American  Army  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  for  his  services  was 
awarded  a  township  of  land  near  the  New  Hampshire  boundary,  which  was 
named  after  him,  Fryeburg,  where  there  is  now  a  pretty,  prosperous 
village  of  that  name.  His  father.  Colonel  John  M.  Frye,  was  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Lewiston,  now  a  busy  manufacturing  city  on  the  banks  of 
the  Androscoggin  River,  whose  splendid  water  power  has  been  the  city's 
source  of  growth.  Here  Mr.  FRYE  was  born  September  2,  1831.  He 
graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in  1850,  where  he  had  as  associates  late 
Chief  Justice  Melville  W.  Fuller,  General  O.  O.  Howard,  and  General 
Joshua  L.  Chamberlain.  In  his  college  course  there  was  nothing  to  mark 
him  as  a  precocious  youth  or  to  forecast  his  eminent  career,  as  he  had  not 
then  bent  himself  to  the  serious  purposes  of  life  and  was  fond  of  sport ; 
but  he  had  then  the  power  of  making  friends  and  keeping  them." 


The  End  of  Volume  One 

Wishini>-  you  all  a  "Happy  New  Year"  we  announce  that 
this  number  of  the  Jofknal  completes  Volume  One.  As  we  stated 
in  our  first  issue  the  publication  of  a  maoaziue  devoted  entirely 
to  a  study  and  review  of  Maine  histoi-y,  was  in  the  writer's  judg- 
ment wholly  an  experiment.  The  results,  however,  are  satis- 
factory and  have  exceeded  our  most  sanguine  anticipations.  The 
JouuxAi.'s  subscri})tion  list  is  constantly  increasing,  and  one  of 
the  most  i)leasing  features  of  the  undertaking  is  that  the  subscrib- 
ers, coming  from  every  walk  of  life,  as  they  do,  are  invariabl}' 
among  the  leading  and  most  influential  citizens  of  the  communi- 
ties where  they  reside.  Were  it  good  taste  to  publish  these  names 
the  i-eader  would  discover  among  I  hem  some  of  the  largest  and 
most  wealthy  employers  of  labor  in  Maine  as  well  as  some  of  their 
bright  and  intelligent  employees  ;  men  holding  high  political 
oHices,  men  engaged  in  extensixe  trailic.  men  eminent  in  the  pro- 
fessions as  well  as  men  who  I'un  fai'ms  and  liotels.  who  preside 
over  courts  of  justice,  execute  the  laws.  go\erii  the  commonwealth 
and  regulate  the  commonweal  ;  men  wlio  liared  to  freely  offer 
their  lives  when  theii"  country  was  in  danger  and  for  what  the}' 
beliexed  to  be  I'ight  in  the  nineteenth  centuiy,  as  well  as  men  and 
women  who  dare  to  stand  for  what  they  conceive  to  be  right  in  the 
twentieth   centurv.      In   fact   the   list   would   disclose   the   names   of 


THE  END  OF  VOLUME  ONE 


207 


men  and  women  in  Maine  who  mould  the  thought,  teach  the  youth 
and  do  all  things  which  make  up  the  history  of  today  that  will  be 
invaluable  to  the  historical  student  of  tomorrow.  But  the  reader 
should  not  in  this  wise  infer  that  the  subscribers  to  the  Journal 
are  confined  to  Maine  people.  We  already  have  them  among 
individuals  and  public  libraries  in  more  than  three-fourths  of  the 
States  of  the  Union,  as  well  as  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

We  have  fully  demonstrated  the  fact  that  there  is  in  each 
communit}'  a  certain  per  cent,  of  the  inhabitants  who  are  greatly 
interested  in  the  history  of  Maine.  This  portion  may  be  small  as 
compared  with  the  number  who  are  more  concerned  in  religion, 
politics,  sport,  fiction,  the  sciences,  etc.  But  yet  they  do  exist 
even  in  the  remotest  plantations  and  backwoods  settlements.  To 
discover  all  such  and  attract  their  attention  to  the  work  of  the 
Journal  is  a  part  of  its  mission. 

We  desire  to  thank  all  of  our  friends  who  have  so  cordially 
aided  us  thus  far  in  this  little,  though  important,  enterprise. 

Our  final  word  to  one  and  all  is,  whenever  you  can  con- 
sistently do  so,  speak  a  good  word  for  the  work  in  which  we  are 
engaged,  as  this  will  aid  us  with  the  general  public  and  our  adver- 
isers  also. 


New  Mount  Kineo  House  and  Annex 

A-Ioosohead  Lako,  KInco,  IVlaino. 

In  the  Centre  of  the  Great  Wilderness  on  a  Peninsula  Under  the 
Shadow  of  Mount  Kineo. 

On  the  East  side  of  the  most  beautiful  lake  in  New  England,  forty 
miles  long  and  twenty  miles  wide,  dotted  with  islands,  and  with  hundreds 
of  smaller  lakes  and  streams  in  easy  proximity,  in  the  midst  of  some  of 
the  grandest  scenery  in  America,  is  the 

NEW  MOUNT  KINEO  HOUSE  and  Annex 

recently  remodeled  and  with  many  improvements  added;  making  it  second  to  none  for 
comfort,  convenience  and  recreation. 

It  is  a  Palace  in  the  Maine  vi^oods  and  in  the  heart  of  the  great  game  region. 

This  region  leads  all  others  for  trout  and  salmon.  Spring  and  Summer  fishing.  The 
new  ANNEX  opens  May  9th  and  closes  October  15th. 

The  NEW  MOUNT  KINEO  HOUSE  opens  June  25th,  remaining 
open  to  September  25th. 

WRITE  FOR  ILLUSTRATED  BOOKLET, 

containing  full  description  of  its  attractions  for  health  and  pleasure  during  the  Summer 
season.     First-class  transportation  facilities  offered  during  the  seasons. 


Ricker  Hotel  Company, 


Kineo,  Maine 


C-.  A.  .ll'I»KIX<-»,  Miiii»{«c>i>. 


208        SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


The  former  home  of  Sir  William  Pepperell.  now  standing  in  the  town  of 
Kittery.  Maine 


Bangor,  Maine,  Novenil^er  28,  1913. 
To  the  Editor  of  Spi"aoue"s  Journal  of  Maine  History. 

May  I  suggest  that  if  you  should  make  any  corrections  at  the 
end  of  your  first  yolume  that  you  change  the  spelling  of  Sewell  to 
Sewall,  this  name  occurring  twice  on  page  138  of  the  fourth 
number.  I  think  if  you  look  at  the  newspaper  article  you  will 
find  that  the  name  was  spelled  Se\^'all  ;  and  that  is  the  way  that 
this  fsimily  spell  the  name. 

Mr.  Joseph  W.  Porter  was  my  father,  and  my  sister  and  I 
feel  very  grateful  to  you  for  putting  these  Wayfarer  articles  in  a 
more  enduring  form. 

Wishing  you  success  in  your  undertaking,  I  am, 

Yours  truly, 

R  lion  A    J.    POUTKU. 


Hox.    Bkutram    L.    S.MrrH   of  Patten,  Maine,  in   renewing  his 
subscription   to    the  JoriiNAL,  says: 

"I   wish   you   every  good    wish   for   the    New    Year.      I  enjoy 
3'^our  JoiRXAi,  very  much. 

Bertram  L.   S.MrrH." 


INDEX 


209 


INDEX— Vol.  I 


Abbot,  27-196. 
Abbot  Soldiers,  30. 
Abeneques,  The,  49. 
Acadia,  20-204. 
Origin  of  name,  198. 
Adams, 

Abigail,  29. 

Eliashib,  71-187. 

John  29-37-176. 

John,  Diary  of,  176. 

John  Quincy.  39-138. 

Moses,  4. 

Samuel,  132. 

Capt.  Silas,  24. 

Thomas.  71-187. 
Advertisers,  A  Word  to,  172. 
Agoucy,  17. 
Albee,  John,  28. 
Alden,  Capt.  John,  Jr.,  67. 
Algonquins,  49-50. 
Allan,  Col.  John,  184-197. 
Allen,  A.,  38. 

Miss  Martha,  69. 
Almond,  47. 

Along  the  Old  Savage  Road,  145. 
American  Advocate,  169. 

History,  Journal  of,  157-175. 

American  Names,  33. 

Odd  Fellowship,  86. 
Anderson,  H.  J.,  39. 
Andros,  Gov.,  157. 
Anti-Slavery  Movement  in  Maine, 
Appleton,  Gen.,  39. 

J.  W.,  39. 
Aroostook  War,  The,  140. 

E.xpense  of,  143. 

Soldiers  of,  142. 

Where  begins,  121. 
Arnold,  Gen.  Benedict,  79-197-199. 

Expedition  to  Quebec,  199. 
Poem,  200. 

Tablet  in  Pittston,  199. 
Ashmun,  Rev.  Jehudi,  71-72. 
Asticou,  67. 
Atkinson,  32. 
Atus,  London,  178. 
Aubrey,  Fr.  Joseph,  68. 
Averill,  Alice,  30. 
Avery,  Capt.  Robert,  180-181. 


B 


Backwoods  Sketches,  47. 
Bagaduce  River,  18. 
Baggadoose,  18. 
Bailey, 

Mrs.  Abigail,  68-138. 

Rev.  Kiah,  68-69-70-140. 

Bangor,  36-56-66. 
Bridge,  59. 


Bangor,  First  Lawyer  in,  186. 
First  Sabbath  School,  69. 
Historical  Magazine.  66. 
Historical  Society,  32. 
House,  136. 
Incorporated,  35. 
Notes  on  Early  Settlement,  33. 
Theological  Seminary.  68-136-185. 

Buildings  Erected,  137. 

Collection  of  Funds,  138. 

First  Graduating  Class,  137. 

First  Officers,  70. 

First  Trustees.  139-185. 

Incorporated,  69. 

Moved  to  Bangor,  71. 

Organized,  70. 

Subscriptions  for,  71. 

Barbour.  Charles,  39. 

Bar  Harbor,  67. 

Barnard,  Sarah,  191. 

Barnstable,  Mass.,  14. 

Barrows  vs.  McDermott,  Extracts   from,  204. 

Bartlett,  Orrin,  30. 

Bartlett,  Thomas,  Jr.,  143. 

Barton,  Joel,  Poem  by,  33. 

Bashaba,  The  Indian,  47. 

Baxter,  James  P.,  28. 

Baxter  Manuscripts,  193. 

Bayley,  Joshua,  Jr.,  Letter  of,  168. 

Beal,  Ebenezer,  182. 

Belknap's  Biography,  48. 

Bent,  Margaret,  29. 

Berry,  John,  181. 

Bessabez,  56-64. 

Bewel,  Thomas,  182. 

Biard,  Fr.  Pierre,  66-67. 

Biddeford,  3. 

Biddeford  Lands,  Deposition  Relating  to.  193. 

Bigayduce,  Major,  18. 

Biguyduce  (Poem)  144. 

Billings, 

Caleb  F.,  143. 

Daniel,  143. 
Bingham  Purchase,  The,  6. 
Births  and  Deaths,  Monson,  22-52-165. 
Births,  First  in  Bangor,  34. 
Black,  Col.  John.  6. 
Blood,  Rev.  Mighill,  69-71-185. 
Boardman,  Samuel  I-.,  66. 
Bohanan,  John,  182. 
Bolton,  Ethel  S.,  28. 
Book  Buying,  On,  124. 
Booker,  W.  S.,  143. 

Boston, 

Committee  of  Correspondence,  132. 

Frigate,  37. 

Town  Meeting,  131. 
"Boston  Port  Bill,"  160-164. 
Bowdoin  College,  185. 
Bowdoinham,  History  of,  24. 
Bowman,  Dr.  Nathaniel,  16. 

Boyd, 
Ebenezer,  43-46. 


210       SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Boyd,  Frances,  46. 

James.  43. 

John  P. 

Letter  of,  44. 
Will  of,  46. 

John  Parker  and  Judge  Henry  Orne,  43-131. 

Joseph,  43-46. 

Lake,  133-136. 

Robert,  43-46. 

Susannah,  43. 

Wallace,  46. 
Boyd's  Plantation,  43-45-47. 
Boynton,  John,  27. 

Hon.  Leslie,  36. 
Bremen,  36-38. 
Bristol,  38. 
British  Royalists,  8. 
Brockway's  Mills,  196. 
Brooksville,  18. 
Brown, 

Daniel,  143. 

Francis,  Rev.,  69. 

Jonathan.  181. 

Simeon,  181. 

William,  143. 
Bucksport  Narrows,  58-65. 
Bullman,  Dr.,  149. 
Burnet,  Simon,  143. 
Burnhanr-.  Tavern,  Machias,  2-163. 
Burr,  Samuel,  143. 
Buswell,  Jacob,  34. 
Butters, 

Horace,  143. 

Lorenzo  D.,  143. 
Buzzell,  D.  L.,  142. 
Byram,  Erastus,  31. 


Cabahis,  64. 

Campbell,  Mrs.  Josephine  O'Brien,  183. 

Carr, 

Francis,  35. 

James,  35. 

Joseph,  35. 
Carter,  Clark,  145. 
Castin,  The  Younger,  35-144. 
Castine.  4-18-35-65-67. 
Catholic, 

Church,  Early  History  in  Eastern  Maine,  66. 

Church  History,  168. 

First  at  Old  Town,  67. 

Historical  Magazine,  Maine,  167. 

Society,  Maine,  168. 
Cemeteries,  13-31. 
Centennial  Celebrations,  3-28-32. 
Centennial,  First  Cong.  Church,  Ellsworth,  3. 
Chamberlain, 

George  W.,  28. 

Gen.  Joshua  L.,  206. 

Joshua,  Jr.,  142. 

Luther,  143. 
ChampJain,  33-35-56-66. 

Translation  From,  56. 
Champlain's  Visit  to  the  Penobscot,  56. 
Chandler, 

Charles  P.,  95. 

Judah,  181. 
Chandler's  River,  179. 


Chapman,  Nathaniel,  137. 
Charles  H,  19. 
Charles  River,  21. 
Chase, 

Daniel,  142-143. 

John  C,  28. 

Thomas  H.,  142. 
Chebucto,  N.  S.,  67. 
Cheever,  Ebenezer,  71-72. 
Cheeshahteaumuck,  Caleb,  76. 
Chloe,  17. 
Church,  Capt.,  27. 
Clergyman,  First  in  Maine,  5. 
Clifford, 

Joseph,  181. 

Nathan,  39. 
Cobb,  Gen.  David,  189-191. 
Coburn,  Alpheus,  142. 
Codman,  Rev.  John,  9. 
Coffin, 

Rev.  Paul,  43. 

Tristram,  43. 
Colburn,  Reuben,  199. 
Cole,  James,  181. 
Colonial  Ordinance,  A,  201. 
Congregationalism,  Evolution  of,  12-13. 
Converse,  Maj.  James,  67. 
Cony, 

Anna,  151. 

Daniel,  169. 

John,  151. 
Coolbroth,  James,  181. 
Coran,  Thomas,  20-21. 
Corson,  John,  30. 
Crediford,  Nathaniel,  181. 
Crockett, 

Americus,  30. 

Samuel  E..  155-156. 

Samuel  R.,  155. 
Cromwell,  8. 

Protectorate,  11. 
Crosby,  Gen.  John,  70. 

Simon,  34. 
Cross,  William,  142. 
Crowell,  Harrison  M.,  143. 
Crowne, 

John,  18. 

William,  18-19-20. 
Crowne's  Point,  19. 
Cunningham,  Henry  W.,  142. 
Gushing,  Col.,  78. 
Cushman,  Rev.  David  I.,  69. 
Cyrus,  The,  183. 


D 


D.  A.  R.,  30. 
D'Aulney,  18-35-144. 
Dalryniple,  Capt.  Alexander,  78. 
Damariscotta,  49. 
Danforth, 

Isaac,  72. 

Judge  Thomas,  150. 
Davee,  Thomas,  39. 
Davenport,  Isaac,  138. 
Davis,  Elias,  31. 


INDEX 


211 


Day,  Holman,  196. 
Deane,  Mr.,  4. 
John  G.,  4-5-6. 
Dr.,  9. 

Llewellyn,  5. 
Deaths,  Births  and,  Monson,  22-52-165. 
Deering. 

Henry,  28. 
DeMonts,  33-35. 
Dennett, 
Jacob,  34. 
Oliver,  39. 
Dexter,  196. 
Diligence,  The,  183. 
Diligent,  The,  183. 
Dinah,  A  Slave,  17. 
Dole,  Deacon  Eben,  38-39. 
Dolloff,  William,  31. 
Dorset,  Eng.,  11. 
Douty,  Calvin  S.,  143. 
Dover,  32. 
Dow, 

Asa,  143. 

Josiah,  39. 

Neal,  39. 
Drew,  Benjamin,  142. 
Drisko,  John,  Jr.,  181. 
Drummond,  James,  35. 
Dummer,  Jeremiah,  20. 
Dumont,  Hon.  J.  T.  P.,  142. 
Dunning, 

Charles  T.,  143. 

Ira,  137. 

John,  142. 
Dutton, 

Jesse,  4. 

Samuel,  35. 

Samuel  E.,  69-70-71-186. 

Thomas  J.,  30. 

E 

Earle,  Richard,  182. 

Eckstorm,  Fannie  Hardy,  56-73-198. 

Writings  of,  76. 
Eddington,  79. 
Edes, 

Isaac,  31. 

John  M.,  31. 

Samuel  D.,  169. 
Editorial,  25-73-118-145-194,  206. 
Ellery, 

Lucy,  151. 

Capt.  William,  151. 

Elizabeth  A..  151. 
Ellinwood,  Rev.  John  W.,  187. 
Elliott, 

Apostle,  27-76. 

John,  76. 

Sherburn  W.,  95. 
Elliottsville,  146. 
Ellis,  William,  31. 
Ellsworth, 

Early  History  of,  4-5. 

Early  Settlers,  3. 

Early  Settlers,  Descriptive,  7. 
Emerson,  William.  35. 
Emery, 

Henry  Crosby,  7. 

Thomas.  143. 


Encampment,    I.  O.  O.  F..  86. 
Episcopal  Religion,  11. 
Etechemins,  The,  49. 
Evans, 

George,  39. 

Listen  P.,  24-32. 
Everett,  Charles  A.,  95. 

F 

Fairfield,  Gov.,  141-142. 
Falmouth,  3-5-144. 
Farrar,  Josiah,  31. 
Farwell,  Mrs.  Adelaide,  30. 
Fellows,  Raymond,  28. 
Fenalson,  Wallace,  181. 
Ferderson,  Nathaniel,  182. 
Fessenden,  Samuel,  39. 
Fisher,  Rev.  Jonathan,  186. 
Fiske,  John,  11. 
Flint,  Charles,  30. 
Flynt,  D.  D.,  27. 
Fogg, 

Hiram,  138. 

Hiram  Hayes,  138. 

William,  138. 
Folsom, 

Abigail,  170. 

Clara,  170. 

Dorcas,  170. 

Jackson,  170. 

John  Jackson,  170. 

John  Philbrick,  170. 

Samuel  C,  170. 
Ford, 

Abigail,  34. 

John,  143. 
Fort  Halifax,  130. 
Fort  Point,  35. 

Ledge,  58. 
Fort  Pownal,  34-35. 
Foss,  Benjamin,  182. 
Foster 

Benjamin,  158-159-163-177-183. 

Rev.  E.  B.,  155. 

Ezekiel,  181, 

Isaiah,  158. 

Wooden,  159. 
Fowler,  Rev.  Bancroft,  72. 
Foxcroft,  28-150. 

Abigail,  156. 

Abigail  Catherine  Mary,  155-156. 

Abigail  Hammond,  155-156. 

Anna,  151. 

Daniel,  150. 

Elizabeth,  150-156. 

Francis,  150-151. 

Hannah,  151-155-156. 

Joseph  EUery,  Sketch  of,  150. 

Military  Record  of,  153. 
Joseph  Ellery,  Jr.,  155-156. 
Lucy,  151-156. 
Martha,  156. 
Robert.  150. 
Salome,  156. 
Samuel,  155-156. 
Rev.  Samuel,  151-156. 
Sarah,  156. 
School  Lot,  153. 
Rev.  Thomas,  151. 
Fry,  Col.  Joseph,  188. 


212       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Frye, 

Col.  John  M.,  206. 

Gen.  Joseph,  206. 

Sen.  William    Piez-ce,   Memorial  Addresses, 
205. 
Fuller,  H.  W.,  145. 

Chief  Justice,  Melville  W.,  206. 
Fullerstown,  145-146. 
Furber,  Thomas,  143. 


H 


G 


Gallatin,  Albert,  189. 

Ganong-,  Prof.  W.  F.,  Letter  of,  65. 

Gardiner,  R.,  38. 

Gardinerston,  199. 

Garland,  History  of,  24. 

Gaulin,  Fr.,  67. 

Gerrish,  Col.  Jacob,  78. 

Gerry, 

Elbridg-e,  131-132-135. 

Jeremiah,  131. 

Sarah,  132. 

Thomas,  132. 
Getchell, 

Elizabeth  T.,  30. 

Joseph,  181-182. 
Gibson,  Richard,  5-26. 
Gillett,  Rev.  Eliphalet,  69-70-185. 
Gilman, 

Allen,  35-186. 

Andrevir,  34. 

S.  K.,  39. 
Glass, 

Consider,  31. 

Ezekiel,  31. 
Glenburn,  186. 
Godfrey,  Judge,  58-60. 
Goldthwaite,  Thomas,  34-188. 
Good  Roads,  197. 
Goodwin, 

James  J.,  28. 

John  A.,  9. 
Gorges, 

Fernando,  11-27. 

Mentioned,  8. 
Gorham, 

Academy,  14. 

First  Parish  Meeting  House,  16. 

Temperance,  15. 

Tombstones,  Inscriptions  From,  13. 

Hon.  William,  14-15. 
Graves,  Admiral,  160-182. 
Gray,  Nathaniel,  95. 
Great  Ponds,  Law  Regarding,  202. 
Great  Works.  64. 
Greeley,  William,  31. 
Greenleaf, 
Dorcas,  170. 

Eben  P.,  95. 

Hannah,  170. 

Rev.  Jonathan,  68. 

Joshua,  170. 
Greenshaw,  William  P.,  28. 
Greenville,  145-146. 
Greenwood,  Alexander,  145. 
Grover,  Zebulon  P.,  31. 
Guernsey,  Hon.  Frank  E.,  167. 

Samuel  J.,  167. 


Haines,  Hon.  William  T.,  197. 
Hale,  Hon.  Clarence,  Address  by,  3. 
Halifa.x,  Fort,  130. 
Hall,  John,  181. 
Hallowell,  38-169. 
Hamblen,  Jacob,  13. 
Hamlin,  Dr.  A.  C,  140. 
Hammond,  Abigail,  155. 
Hampden,  70. 

Academy,  71. 
Hancock,  John,  132. 
Hannibal,  The.  184. 
Harding, 

David,  14. 

Temperance,  14. 
Harmon,  Col.,  149. 
Harthorn, 

Hannah,  34. 

Silas,  34. 

Solomon,  34. 
Harvard  College,  9. 
Hayes, 

Charles  W..  29-150. 

Dr.  Jacob,  138. 

Mrs.  Lola  B.,  30. 

Rev.  Samuel  W.,  138. 
Heath,  Capt.,  33. 
Henry,  Capt.  William,  79. 
Herbert, 

George,  4. 

Dr.  John,  34. 
Hill,  Obediah,  181. 
Hills,  Williams.,  28. 
Hines  Pond,  64. 
Historical  Societies,  32-168. 
Hoit,  Elias,  181. 
Holland,  Park,  189. 
Holmes, 

Herbert  Edgar,  24. 

O.  W.,  Letter  of,  55. 
Holyoke,  Jacob,  61. 
Horton,  Capt.,  160. 
Howard, 

Mary,  34. 

Gen.  O.  O.,  206. 

Thomas,  34. 
Hughes,  Josephine  W.,  30. 
Hunt,  Thomas,  142. 
Hussey,  Franklin,  143. 
Hutchinson.,  Gov.,  148. 


.  O.  O.  F., 
Canton   Kineo,   No.  6,  Patriarchs   Militant, 

111. 
Dirigo  Lodge,  No.  63,  96. 
Eldorado  Encampment,  No.  20,  99. 
First  Officers  of  Maine  Grand  Lodge,  92. 

Encampment,  93. 
Good  Cheer  Lodge,  No.  37,  101. 
Golden  Link  Rebekah  Lodge.  No.  37,  106. 
Homes,  89. 

Katahdin  Lodge,  No.  29,  94. 
Kineo  Lodge,  No.  64.  97. 
Lakeside  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  116,  109. 


INDEX 


213 


I.  O.  O.  F.,  Maine  Grand  Lodge,  92. 
Encampment,  92. 
Moosehead  Encampment,  No.  51,  108. 
New  Ensland  I.odjre,  No.  125,  107. 
North  Star  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  38,  106. 
Onaway  Lodge,  No.  106,  103. 
Orion  Rebekah  Lodge,  No.  16,  102. 
Present    Oflices,     Maine    Grand     Encamp- 
ment, 94. 
Lodge.  93. 
Stated  Meetings  of  Branches  in  Piscataquis 

County,  116-117. 
Silver  Lake  Encampment,  No.  30,  113. 
Washington  Encampment,  No.  56,  110. 
Indian, 
Bashaba,  The,  47. 
Remains  of,  167-192. 
Village  on  Kenduskeag,  59-60. 

Indians, 
Education  of,  76. 
Prehistoric  of  Maine,  192. 

Isle  au  Haulte,  58-59-65. 
Haut,  58. 


J 


Jackson,  Abraham,  137. 
Jacques,  Richard,  149. 
Jarvis,  Charles,  4-141-142. 
Jefferson,  Thomas,  190. 
Jellerson,  Elizabeth,  5. 
Jenks,  Rev.  William,  69-185. 
Jersey,  The  Prison  Ship,  184. 
Jewett,  Capt.  David,  79. 
Johnson, 

Sen.  Charles  P.,  Address  of,  206. 

Thomas,  152. 
Jones, 

Elijah,  137. 

Capt.  Ichabod,  159-160-163-175-182-183-188. 

Lydia,  187. 

Noah,  188. 

Polly,  191. 

Sally,  191. 

Sarah  Barnard,  191. 

Stephen,  176-187. 
Letter  to  Gen.  Putnam,  190. 
Park  Holland's  visit  to,  189. 

Capt.  Stephen,  187. 

Stephen  J.,  191. 

Sukev  Coffin,  191. 

Theodore,  3. 

William,  169. 
Jordan, 

Dominicus,  5. 

Fritz  H.,  5. 

Melatiah,  3-5-11. 

Rev.  Robert,  5. 

Sally,  5. 

Samuel,  5. 
Journal  of  American  History,  157-175. 
Judkins,  Jedediah,  142. 

Justice  of  Peace,  First  East  of  the  Penobscot, 
187. 


Kadesjuit,  67. 

Kadesquit,  58. 

Kellogg,  Rev.  Elijah,  10-152. 

Kenduskeag  River,  33-34-35-58-59-61. 


Kennebec, 

The,  33. 

County  Officers,  169. 
Kilmarnock,  44. 
Kingsbury,  Sanford,  169. 
Kittery,  159. 
Knight,  Jonathan,  182. 
Knowlton,  Isaiah,  80. 
Knowlton's  Mills,  80. 
Knox,  Gen.,  149. 


Labree,  Isaac,  158. 

Land  Speculation  in  Maine,  132. 

La  Tour, 

Sir  Charles,  18-144-157. 

Claude,  157. 
Laughton,  Sumner,  95. 
Laverjat,  Fr.  Pierre,  68. 
Law  of  Maine,  and  Old,  201. 
Leeman,  Jacob,  Jr.,  30. 
Lesuer,  Fr.  Francois  E.,  68. 
Levant,  76. 

Lexington  of  the  Seas,  The,  157-175. 
Libbee, 

Joseph,  181. 

Josiah,  181. 
"Liberty  Oak,"  Bangor,  60. 
Liberty  Pole  at  Machias,  The,  163-175. 
Lincolnshire,  England,  11. 
Little,  Rev.  Daniel,  35-60. 
Little  Vincent,  The,  183. 
Littlefield,  Capt.  John,  149. 
Longfellow, 

Patience,  15. 

Col.  Samuel,  15. 

Hon.  Stephen,  15. 

The  Poet,  15. 
Loomis,  Rev.  Harvey,  185. 
Louisburg,  149-177. 
Lovejoy,  Rev.  Daniel,  186. 
Lowell, 

Joshua  A.,  39. 

Samuel  H.,  30. 
Lyman, 

Rev.  Asa,  69-185. 

Rev.  Isaac,  148. 
Lyon,  Rev.  James,  159-177-182. 


M 


McAllister,  S.  B.,  143. 
McGaw,  Mrs.  Jacob,  69. 
Mclntire,  Rufus,  141. 
McKennie,  Wallis,  143. 
McLellan,  William,  17. 
McNeil, 

John,  181. 

Richard,  181. 

William,  182. 
Mace,  Benjamin  H.,  156. 


214       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Machias,  157-158. 
Liberty,  The.  183. 
Liberty  Pole,  163-175. 
Naval  Battle,  Causes,  164-175-176. 
Naval  Battle  at,  157-175. 
Old  Burnham  Tavern  at,  2-163. 
Rangers,  The,  184. 
River,  18-157. 
Settlement  of,  158. 

Mackelson,  William,  182. 
Macomber,  Adams,  143. 
Magoon,  Fred,  168. 
Maine, 

An  Old  Law  of,  201. 

Books,  24 

Catholic  Historical, 
Magazine,  167. 
Society,  168. 

Charity  School,  69. 

Early  Newspaper,  169. 

I.  O.  O.  F.,  Grand  Encampment,  92. 
Lodge,  92. 

Land  Speculation,  132. 

Odd  Fellowship  in,  91. 

Pre-historic  Indians  of,  192. 

Red-paint  People  of,  192. 

Maja-bagaduce,  18. 
"Makers  of  Maine,"  24. 
Manchester  Unity,  The,  85. 
Mansell,  Joseph,  34. 
Marble, 

David,  145. 

Eben,  145. 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  131-132. 
Marche-bagaduce,  18-39. 

Margaretta,  The.  2-180-181-183-161-163-175-179. 
Marsh,  Shubal,  156. 
Marshall,  Frank  D.,  148. 
Martin,  Sarah  L.,  30. 

William,  152. 
Massachusetts  Bay,  8-11. 

Colonial  Ordinance,  A,  201. 
Masse,  Fr.  Enemond,  66-67. 
Matchebignatus,  18-39. 
Mather,  Increase,  9. 
Mavooshen,  50. 
Maxim, 

Harriet  Boston,  196. 

Sir  Hiram,  27-196-197. 
Birthplace  of,  196. 

Isaac,  27-196-197. 
Mayberry,  Elder,  1^9. 
Mayflower.  The,  14. 
Medford.  43-44-45. 
Medoctic,  N.  B.,  68. 
Merrick  Hall,  Dover,  98. 
Merrill, 

Abbie  Foxcroft,  155. 

Frank  H..  156. 

Rev.  Geo.  A.,  29. 

Rev.  Horatio,  155. 

Joseph  Foxcroft,  156. 

Louise  Foxcroft,  156. 
Merrimack  River,  21. 
Merritt,  John,  181. 
Meservey,  Daniel,  182. 
Micmacs,  The,  49. 
Milo,  32. 
Milton,  47-133. 
Mispecka,  178. 


Mitchell, 

Dr.  Ammi  R..  69-185. 

Rev.  David,  186. 

John,  182. 
Molly  Molasses,  60. 
Monson,  Town  of,  32-145-146. 

Vital  Statistics  of,  22-52-165. 
Moor,  Maj.  Samuel,  70. 
Moore,  Capt.,  163-175-178-181. 
Moorehead,  Prof.  Warren  K.,  192. 
Moosehead  Lake,  145. 
More, 

James,  193. 

Wyat,  193. 
Moriarty,  Geo.  A.,  28. 
Morris,  Robert,  37. 
Morrison,  H.  G.  O.,  95. 
Morse,  Mrs.  John  Alden,  30. 
Moulton,  Capt.  Johnson,  148. 
Mount  Desert,  56-58-67. 
Murch. 

John,  193. 

William,  193. 
Murray,  Abbie  Crocker,  155. 
Musconcus  River,  18. 


N 


Names  of  Places  in  Maine,  33. 

Negue,  19. 

N.  E.  Genealogical  Society,  Officers,  28. 

New  Gloucester,  151-152. 

Newspaper,  Early  Maine,  169. 

Newton,  Prof.  C,  39. 

Nichols,  Mr..  9. 

Noble,  Col.,  187. 

Noble,  Rev.  Seth.  34-35-60-189. 

Norridgewock,  149. 

Norton,  Seth,  181. 

Norombega,  18-144. 

Norumbegue,  18. 

Notes  and  Fragments,  26-74-167-196. 

Nova  Scotia,  18-19-20. 

Nutt,  Capt.  John,  132. 

Nye,  Alvin.  143. 


o 


Oak. 

Henry  L.,  24. 
Lyndon.  24. 
Oakes. 

Mary.  29. 

Nathaniel.  29. 

Col.  William.  29. 

William  Pitt.  29. 
O'Brien. 

Dennis,  181. 

Gideon,  163-181. 

Capt.  Jeremiah,  2-179-181-182-183-184. 

John,  178-180-181-184. 

Joseph,  181-184. 

Morris,  158-163-177-182. 

William,  181. 
O'Brien's  Brook,  177. 
Odd  Fellowship  in  Maine,  91. 

In  Piscataquis  County,  85-94. 


INDEX 


215 


Odd  Fellowship,  American,  86. 

An  Example  of,  90. 

Benefits  paid,  91. 

Early  Opposition  to,  87. 

Encampments,  86. 

Field  of  Labor  of,  89. 

Growth  of,  88. 

History  of.  28. 

Lessons  of,  89. 

Our  Fraternity,  113. 

Patriarchs  Militant,  87. 

Permanency  of,  89. 

Rebekah  Lodges,  87. 
Odd  Fellows'  Homes,  89. 
Odem's  Ledge,  58-59-62-63-64-65. 
Old  Savage  Road,  Along  the,  145. 
Old  Town,  67-68. 
Old  Town's  First  Church,  67. 
Orne, 

Col.  Azor,  131-132-134. 

Judge  Henry, 
Holman  Day's  Sketch  of,  135. 
Obituary.  134. 

Judge  Henry  and  John  Parker  Boyd,  43-131. 

Joshua.  131-132. 
Orneville. 

Derivation  of  name,  131. 

Judge  Orne's  Manor  at,  133. 

Original  Proprietors  of,  43-131. 

Results  of  Land  Speculation  in,  133. 
Otis,  James,  132. 
Ownership,  Statement  of,  147. 


Packard,  Timothy,  146. 
Page,  Jere,  143. 
Palmer,  Mrs.  Etta  B.,  30. 
Parker, 

Isaac,  152. 

Rev.  Wooster,  39. 
Parkman,  32. 
Parris,  Virgie  D.,  39. 
Parrott,  William  P.,  142. 
Parsons, 

Job,  143. 

Hon.  Willis  E.,  28-29-73-85. 
Passadumkeag,  68. 
Passawamske,  68. 
Patriarchs  Militant,  87. 
Patten, 

Amos,  35. 

Moses,  35. 
Payson,  Edward,  9-10-69-70-186. 

Sermons,  10. 
Peabody  Museum,  167. 
Peimtgouet,  56. 
Pemaquid,  18-48-49. 
Pendexter,  Henry,  193. 
Penjejowock  Stream,  34. 
Penobscot, 

Champlain's  Visit  to  the,  56. 

Colonial,  Notes  on,  17. 

First  Justice  of  Peace  East  of,  187. 

River,  33-34-66-68-71-157. 

Town  of,  18-35. 
Pentagoet.  18-67-68-144. 
Pepperell,  Sir  William,  148-158. 
Perkins, 

Dr.  John  Carroll,  8. 


Peters, 

Andrew,  5. 

John,  Jr.,  4. 
Philbrick,  Thomas,  74. 
Philbrook, 

Angelia  (Coffin),  74. 

Luthar  G.,  74. 

Judge  Warren  C,  74. 
Phillip,  King,  Son  of,  27. 
Phinney,  Edmund,  16. 
Pike,  Daniel,  187. 
Pilgrim  Fathers,  14. 
Pilgrims,  11. 

Piscataquis  Historical  Society,  32-77-150-198. 

Observer,  27-134-196. 
Piscataquis  County, 

Odd  Fellowship  in,  85-94. 

Revolutionary  Soldiers,  77. 
Piscataquis  County  Cantons  Patriarchs  Mili- 
tant, 

Canton  Kineo  No.  6,  111. 

Piscataquis  County  Encampments  L  O.  Oi  F. 

Eldorado  No.  20,  99. 

Moosehead  No.  51.  108. 

Washington  No.  56,  110. 
Piscataquis  County  Lodges,  L  O.  O.  F. 

Dirigo  No.  63.  96. 

Good  Cheer  No.  37,  101. 

Katahdin  No.  29,  94. 

Kineo  No.  64,  97. 

Nev.-  England  No.  125,  107. 

Onaway  No.  106,  108. 
Piscataquis  County  Rebekah  Lodges, 

Golden  Link  No.  37.  106. 

Lakeside  No.  116,  109. 

Orion  No.  16,  102. 

North  Star  No.  38,  106. 

Wenonah  No.  11,  104. 
Piscataway  Harbor,  11. 
Pittston.  199. 

Plaisted,  Hon.  Frederick,  197. 
Pleasant  River.  178. 
Poems, 

Benedict  Arnold,  200. 

Biguyduce,  144. 

Maine  Names,  33. 

Where  Aroostook  Begins,  121. 
Polly,  The,  160-163-179. 
Pond, 

Rev.  Dr.  Enoch,  70-140. 

Hon.  S.  M..  39. 
Poole,  Zenas  B.,  30. 
Port  Royal,  N.  S..  66-67-157. 
Porter,  Hon.  Joseph  W.,  55-66-141-142. 
Portland,  4. 

Second  Parish  Church,  9. 
Pownal,  Fort,  34-35. 
Prescott,  David.  182. 
Prince,  A  Slave,  17. 
Procter,  Thomas,  95. 
Prologue,  25. 

Protestant,  First  Clergyman  in  Maine,  26. 
Province  Charter,  The,  11. 
Puritans,  8. 
Pushaw,  64. 
Putnam, 
Oliver,  190. 
Gen.  Rufus,  189. 


216       SPRAGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


Q 


Quebec,  20. 

Queen  Anne's  War,  20. 


R 


Ragoet,  Fr.,  67. 
Rand, 

Rev.  Asa,  69. 

Col.  John,  79. 
Randall,  Benj.,  39. 
Rebekah  Lodges,  I.  O.  O.  F.,  87. 
"Red-Paint  People"  of  Maine,  192. 
Revolution, 

First  Naval  Battle  of,  2-157-175. 

First  Troops  to  Leave  Maine,  148. 
Revolutionary  Soldiers,  16-29-31-77-139-148-168- 
181. 

of  Piscataquis  County,  77. 
Reynolds,  Sylvester,  16. 
Rice, 

Beriah,  181. 

John  H.,  95. 

R.  D.,  38. 
Richards,  John,  191. 
Richmond's  Island,  3-8-11. 
Rines,  Capt.  Stover,  141-142. 
Robbins,  Chandler,  169. 
Robinson, 

Alexander  M.,  95-134. 

Alice  N.,  30. 

Charles,  143. 
"Rocks  of  Champlain,"  58-59. 
Rodick's  Island,  67. 
Rogers,  Geo.  W.,  30. 
Rollins,  Eliphalet  S.,  30. 
Ropes,  George,  39. 
Rose,  Joseph,  34. 

Rosier's  Narrative,  Excerpts  from,  50. 
Round  Island,  180. 
Rowell,  David,  34. 
Royalists,  8-11. 
Rubicon,  The  (Brook),  177. 
Rust,  Nathaniel  J.,  28. 


Saco,  27. 

St.  Albans,  76. 

Centennial,  81. 
St.  Castin,  Baron,  35. 
St.  Florentine,  Fr.  Elzear  de,  67. 
St.  Peter's  Fort,  67. 
St.  Savior.  67. 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  34. 
Sanger,  Calvin,  80. 
Sangerville,  27-32-77-79-196. 
Savage, 

Albert  R.,  74. 
Letter  of.  74. 

Alexander,  72, 

Charles  W.,  74. 

Eliza  M.  (Clough),  74. 

James,  145. 

Sir  John,  75. 

Nelson,  145. 


Savage,  Road,  Along  the  Old,  145. 

Thomas,  74-75. 
Sawyer,  Rev.  John,  69-139. 
Sayward,  Judge  Jonathan, 

Extracts  From  Diary  of,  149-150. 
House  of,  149. 
Notes  on,  148. 
Scarboro,  3-158. 
School,  First  in  Bangor,  34. 
Schoolhouse.  Fii-st  in  Bangor,  35. 
Schooner, 
Franklin,  37. 
Hancock,  37. 
Scott, 

Henry  E.,  28. 
Jesse,  181. 
John,  181. 
Sebec,  28. 
Sewall, 

Judge  David,  148. 
Gen.  Henry,  69. 
Rev.  Jotham,  69-138. 
Shannon,  James  N.,  182. 
Sheepscot,  49. 
Sheffield,  Wm.  P.,  28. 
Shepard,  Rev.  G.,  38. 
Shirley,  145-146. 
Arthur,  39. 
Gov.,  130. 
Simpson,  Thomas,  137. 
Slavery,  17-27. 

Slavery,  Anti-,  Movement  in  Maine,  38. 
Slaves,  17. 

Slander,  Early  Case  of,  27. 
Smart, 
Hugh,  34. 
John,  34. 
Thomas,  34. 
Smith, 
Albert,  39. 
Daniel,  197. 

Edgar  Crosby,  13-29-32-77. 
Rev.  John.  72. 
Parson,  8-9-187. 
Soldiers, 
of  Aroostook  War,  30-31-142. 
of  1812  War,  31. 

Revolutionary,  16-29-31-77-139-148-198-181. 
Souriquois  of  Nova  Scotia,  The,  49. 
Southport,  N.  Y.,  16. 
Southwest  Harbor,  67. 
Sparhawk,  Col.,  148. 
Spooner,  Clarrissa,  80. 
Daniel,  78-80. 
Leonard,  80. 
Louis,  80. 
Lois,  80. 
Lucretia,  80. 
Paul,  80. 
Ruggles,  78. 
Sarah,  79-80. 
Samuel,  77. 

Stevens,  Sketch  of,  77. 
William,  77. 
Wing,  78. 
Sprague, 
Abial,  181. 
James,  182. 

John  Francis,  32-112-156-157-175. 
Spurwink  River,  27. 
State  History,  Knowledge  of,  194. 
Statement  of  Ownership,  147. 


INDEX 


217 


Stearns,  Capt.  Ephraim,  79. 
Stephenson,  Neptune,  17. 
Stevens, 

Edmund,  179-181. 

Joseph,  78. 
Stickney, 

Paul  S.,  38. 

Wm.  W.,  28. 
Stone, 

Benjamin,  151. 

Hannah,  151. 
Stowe,  Samuel,  137. 
Strickland,  Maj.  Hastings,  141. 
Stule, 

John,  181. 

John,  Jr..  182. 
Sunbury,  35. 
Syresne,  Fr„  68. 


Taft,  Isaac,  181. 
Talbot,  Hon.  Geo.  F.,  188. 
Talleyrand,  189. 
Tapnaquish,  The,  183. 
Tarratines,  The,  48. 
Tash,  Thomas,  95. 
Taylor,  Abner,  35. 
Temple,  Thomas,  18-19. 
Tenney,  Rev.  Dr.,  10. 
Thatcher,  Dea.  Geo.  A.,  138. 
Thaxter,  A.  H.,  34. 
Thomas,  John,  182. 
Thomas's  Hill,  61. 
Thorne,  The,  37. 
Thrasher,  Joseph,  156. 
Thurston, 

Rev.  Uavid,  39-69-185. 

Rev.  S.,  39. 
Thury,  Abbe  Louis  P.,  67. 
Tiger,  The,  183. 
Tolman,  David  B.,  96. 
Tombstone  Inscriptions,  Gorham,  13. 
Towle,  Geo.  W.,  142. 
Treat,  Robert,  34. 
Treat's  Falls,  35-58-59-63. 
True, 

Abner,  143. 

Mabel  L.,  144. 
Tucker,  Commodore  Samuel,  Sketch  of,  36. 

Statue  of,  38. 
Turner, 

Luther,  Jr.,  142. 

Nymphas,  143. 
Tyler,  Col.  Nathan,  79. 


y 


u 


Underv^ood,  John,  159. 
Union  River,  5-11. 
Unitarianism,  8-9. 
Unity,  The,  160-179-180-181-182. 

Crew  of,  181. 
Utrecht,  Treaty  of,  20. 


Vaughan,  Daniel  D.,  95. 

Verona  Island,  58. 

Vital  Statistics  of  Monson,  22-52-165. 

Vose,  P.  H.,  58. 


w 


Walsh,  Rt.  Rev.  Louis  S.,  167. 
Wardlow,  Capt.,  37, 
Warren,  Mrs.  Lottie  D.,  30. 
Washburn,  Gov.,  6-140. 
Washington,  George,  36-37. 
Watkins,  Walter  K.,  28. 
Watts,  Samuel,  181. 
Wawenocks,  The,  48-49. 
Wayfarer's  Notes,  66-li<6-185. 
Webster,  Andrew,  34. 
Welch,  Moses,  137. 
Wellfleet,  Mass.,  14. 
Wells,  68. 
Weston, 

Hannah,  179. 

Josiah,  163-181. 

Rebecca,  179. 

Samuel,  152. 

Stephen,  152. 
Weymouth, 

David,  30. 

Samuel,  Jr.,  30. 
Wheaton,  Joseph,  163-181. 
Wheeler, 

Capt.  John,  78. 

Dr.  Leonard,  149. 
Where  Aroostook  Begins  (Poem),  121. 
Whipple,  Commodore,  37. 
Whitehouse,  William  Penn,  74. 
Whitney, 

Joel,  181. 

Samuel,  181. 
Wilder.  Luke.  35. 
Wildey,  Thomas,  88. 
Wiley,  James  S.,  95. 
Williams,  Rev.  Thomas,  186. 
Williamson, 

Henry,  143. 

Joseph,  70. 
Wilson,  145-146. 
Wines,  Rev.  Abijah,  71-72. 
Winslow,  130. 
Wiswal,  Samuel,  190. 

Witham, 

Ebenezer,  30. 

Ward,  142. 
Woman's  Suffrage,  29. 
Wood,  Ansel  J.,  143. 
Woodard,  Abram,  60. 
Woodbury,  Capt.  Peter,  78. 
Works,  Jacob,  143. 


York,  148. 

York,  Old  Gaol,  42. 


218      SPR AGUE'S  JOURNAL  OF  MAINE  HISTORY 


LIST  OF  PLATES-VoL   I 


Old  Burnham  Tavern,  Machias, 

2 

Old  Gaol,  York. 

42 

Hon.  Willis  E    Parsons. 

84 

David  B.  Tolman, 

96 

Hon.  Martin  L.  Durgin, 

97 

Fred  D.  Barrows. 

100 

Hon.  Augustus  G.  Lebroke, 

101 

Hon.  John  Houston, 

108 

Hon.  Millard  Metcalf, 

109 

Hon.  John  F.  Sprasrue, 

Louis  C.  Ford,  M.  D., 

Fort  Halifax,  Winslovy, 

Joseph  E    Foxcroft, 

Machias  River, 

Sir  William  Pepperell, 

The  Rubicon,  or  O'Brien  Brook, 

Facsimile  from  Hutchinson  Manuscript, 

The  Pepperell  House,  Kittery, 


112 
118 
130 
150 
162 
174 
177 
20S 
208 


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