Studies of Central American plants

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STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 23, NUMBER 4

NOVEMBER 27, 1944
PUBLICATION 565

,111 LAB.

STUDIES OF
CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI

BY

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 23, NUMBER 4

NOVEMBER 27, 1944
PUBLICATION 565

[HE LIBRARY OF THE

nfc 7 1944

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

-T

F

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI

PAUL C. STANDLEY AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

In this brief paper there are described new species of plants from
Guatemala, preparatory to publication of a flora of that country.
A large proportion of the new species belong to the genus Eupatorium,
which is represented more lavishly in Guatemala than in any other
region of Central America.

MORACEAE

Cecropia sylvicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor procera
sylvicola superne copiose ramosa; folia magna firme coriacea, longi-
petiolata, petiolo tereti multicostulato usque 54 cm. longo et paullo
ultra 1 cm. basi crasso densiuscule hirtello, nullo modo tomentoso;
lamina magna suborbicularis breviter peltata, profunde vulgo fere
ad basin ca. 9-partita, supra scabro-asperata, subtus pallidior ad
nervos venasque hirtella vel hispidula, in statu adulto glabrata sed
inter venulas prominulas atque arete reticulatas minutissime tomen-
tulosa, viridescens et in sicco brunnescens, segmentis oblongis vel
obovato-oblongis usque 40 cm. longis et 11 cm. latis integris apice
obtusissimis, saepe plus minusve plicatis; inflorescentia feminea
crasse 3.5-6 cm. longe pedunculata, spicis numerosis congestis fere
1 cm. longe pedicellatis, 5-5.5 cm. longis 5-6 mm. crassis apice
rotundatis. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Dense wet mixed
forest, mountains along the road between Tactic and the divide on
the road to Tamahu, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters, April, 1941, Paul C.
Standley 90762 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 90576, with the
same data; same locality, April 9, 1939, Standley 71248.

This exceptionally distinct species, known only from imperfect
material, has been found only in the botanically rich, usually very
wet forest at this one locality in Alta Verapaz, where it grows in the
midst of virgin forest. The trees are fairly plentiful, but all observed
were so tall that it was impossible to reach the branches by ordinary
means, and all the available material consists of dried leaves and
more or less broken inflorescences found on the ground. From the
two other Guatemalan species, as well as from most others found in
Central America, C. sylvicola differs in its almost concolorous leaf
surfaces and deeply lobate, coriaceous leaf blades.

153

154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Pseudolmedia simiarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
excelsa usque ad 30 m. alta, trunco interdum 60 cm. vel ultra diam.,
ramulis crassis plus minusve flexuosis dense pilis longis mollibus
paten tibus fulvidis hirsutis; stipulae caducae usque 2.5 cm. longae
angustae sat dense hirsutae; folia breviter petiolata magna char-
tacea, petiolo crasso 7-10 mm. longo hirsute; lamina oblongo-
elliptica 18-27 cm. longa 7.5-13 cm. lata apice abrupte breviter
caudato-acuminata, basi oblique rotundata, supra viridis praeter
costam nervosque puberulos vel hirtellos fere omnino glabra, subtus
pallidior brunnescens ubique sat dense molliterque pilis longiusculis
patentibus pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere ca. 17 gracillimis elevatis arcuatis prope marginem arcuato-
conjunctis, venulis prominentibus laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae
femineae axillares 1-florae ut videtur sessiles; fructus immaturus
globosus vel ovali-globosus 2-2.5 cm. longus sessilis basi et apice
rotundatus ubique densissime molliter pilis subpatentibus fulvidis
velutino-pilosus; bracteae longe persistentes rotundo-ovatae obtusae
5-6 mm. longae utrinque dense sericeo-pilosae. — Guatemala: Dept.
Huehuetenango: In dense rich wet forest in a deep ravine, alt. 1,500
meters, vicinity of Maxbal, about seventeen miles north of Barillas,
July 15-16, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48741 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.). Between Maxbal and Xoxlac, Huehuetenango, July 17, 1942,
Steyermark 38983 (sterile).

The bark, when cut, exudes a cream-colored milk-like sap. The
vernacular name of "Durazno de mono" ("monkey-peach") alludes
to the fact that the fruits resemble immature peaches, their dense
pubescence being much like the "fuzz" found on a peach. When the
senior author was at Huehuetenango in 1940 a woman who kept a
small shop showed him a large sack filled with dried fruits of durazno
de monte, as she called them, which she had secured, she said, for a
"North American agriculturist" who wished to investigate this wild
peach. He had never returned for the fruits, which she had been at
some trouble to get for him. It is safe to say that he would have
been very much disgusted at what he found, if he had sufficient
knowledge to realize how little resemblance the fruits actually had
to true peaches.

LORANTHACEAE

Struthanthus oliganthus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—
Frutex parasiticus glaber ramosus, ut videtur erectus, ramis crassis
teretibus, vetustioribus fuscis, novellis ochraceis vel fere cinnamo-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 155

meis, internodiis plerumque brevibus; folia coriacea parva in sicco
lutescentia breviter crasseque petiolata obovato-oblonga vel late
cuneato-oblonga ca. 2.5 cm. longa, 9-14 mm. lata, apice rotundata,
basin versus sensim cuneato-angustata et fere ad basin petioli decur-
rentia, penninervia sed nervis primariis fere obsoletis; inflorescentiae
axillares parvae crasse vix ultra 3 mm. longe pedunculatae, 3-florae,
floribus viridescentibus arete sessilibus; calyx glaber brevis 1.2 mm.
latus; corolla in alabastro clavato-cylindracea 3.5 mm. longa. —
Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango : Above San Ildefonso Ixta-
huacan, alt. 1,600-1,700 meters, August 15, 1942, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 50672 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Northwest of Cuilco,
two-thirds the way up Cerro Chiquihui, above Carrizal, 1,350-
2,300 meters, August 17, 1942, Steyermark 50824.

Related to S. cassythoides Millsp., a common species of Guate-
mala, but in that all or most of the inflorescences have much more
numerous flowers and the stems are usually long, slender, flexuous,
and more or less twining or even scandent.

Struthanthus tenuifolius Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —
Frutex parasiticus dependens elongatus glaber, laxe ramosus, ramis
gracilibus teretibus ut videtur radices non emittentibus, internodiis
brevibus vel elongatis; folia coriacea graciliter ca. 4 mm. longe petio-
lata lineari-lanceolata 3.5-6.5 cm. longa 3-5 mm. lata, apicem
acutum vel subacuminatum versus sensim attenuata, basin versus
longe sensim attenuata, 1-nervia; inflorescentiae axillares et termi-
nales sublaxae ca. 2 cm. longae et aequilatae pauciflorae subcymosae,
floribus ternatis crasse 2-3 mm. longe pedicellatis; calyx brevis
truncatus paullo ultra 1 mm. latus; corollae non visae. — Guatemala:
Dept. Huehuetenango: Cie*naga de Lagartero, below Miramar, alt.
300 meters, parasitic on Taxodium mucronatum, August 29, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 51538 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The species is noteworthy for its very long and narrow, slender
leaves and for the slender-pedicellate flowers.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

Aristolochia rnollis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
scandens, ramis crassis densissime pilis brunnescentibus piloso-
tomentosis, internodiis breviusculis; folia majuscula breviter petio-
lata crasse membranacea vel chartacea, petiolo crasso 6-8 mm. longo
dense piloso-tomentoso; lamina ovalis vel ovali-elliptica 13-18 cm.
longa 6-10 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima et interdum

156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

apiculata, basi anguste rotundata, basi ipsa interdum emarginata,
integra, supra ubique dense piloso-hirsuta, nervis venisque pro-
minulis laxe reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior densissime velutino-
pilosa, pilis patentibus pallide brunnescentibus, costa crassiuscula
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 7, venis prominentibus
laxiuscule reticulatis; pedunculi axillares ut videtur 1-flori ca. 7 mm.
longi; perianthium brunneo-purpureum intus glabrum extus dense
breviter pilosum, parte basali utriculiformi 2.5 cm. longa, tubo
brevissimo subito reflexo, limbo late rotundato-ovato 3.5 cm. longo
integro apice rotundato; capsula juvenilis ca. 1 cm. longe crasseque
pedicellata clavato-oblonga 2.5 cm. longa 5-7 mm. apicem versus
crassa apice rotundata densissime pilis brunnescentibus adscendenti-
bus pilosa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Canyon tributary
to Rio Trapichillo, between Democracia and canyon of Chamushu,
alt. about 1,000 meters, August 24, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark
51269 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Local name "Hoja del aire." In general appearance the plant
resembles A. asclepiadifolia Brandegee of Veracruz, but in that the
leaves are sessile and deeply cordate at the base.

MENISPERMACEAE

Abuta Steyermarkii Standl., comb. nov. Hyperbaena Steyer-
markii Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22: 232. 1940.— The genus
Abuta has not been recorded previously from North America, all
the other species being South American. The present Guatemalan
plant is related to A. rufescens Aubl., of the Guianas and Brazil,
but is evidently distinct in its sessile rather than long-pedicellate
pistillate flowers. In foliage the two species are almost exactly
alike.

ANNONACEAE

Desmopsis guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Fru-
tex 4-6-metralis, ramulis breviter denseque hispidulis vel pilosulis;
folia inter minora breviter petiolata membranacea plus minusve
lucida, petiolo 2-4.5 mm. longo dense brunnescenti-hirtello; lamina
lanceolato-oblonga 4-6 cm. longa 1.2-1.8 cm. lata, apicem obtusum
versus sensim attenuata, basi subacuta, utrinque sed subtus mani-
festius punctata, supra glabra vel tantum ad costam puberula,
subtus fere concolor, primo adpresso-pilosa in statu adulto tantum ad
costam adpresso-pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utro-
que latere 11-13; flores oppositifolii, pedunculo gracili 2 cm. longo,
in statu fructifero usque ad 2.5 cm. longo, adpresso-piloso, 2-brac-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 157

teato, bracteis 1.5-2 mm. longis; sepala ovata subacuta 2.5-4 mm.
longa extus sericea intus glabra; petala earnoso-subcoriacea lutes-
centia linear i-lanceolata apicem versus sensim attenuata 20 mm.
longa 1.5-3 mm. lata, extus sparse pilosula, intus glabra vel glabrata;
antherae 1.5 mm. longae; baccae 8-9 mm. longe stipitatae globosae
rubrae 12-15 mm. longae 10 mm. latae glabrae vel glabratae; semina
subglobosa brunnea. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Montana
Chicharro, lower southeastern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt.
about 1,500 meters, January 17, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34304
(type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San Marcos: Above Finca El
Porvenir, Loma Bandera Shac, southern slopes of Volcan de Taju-
mulco, 1,300-1,500 meters, March 9, 1940, Steyermark 37331.

Related to the Mexican D. lanceolata Lundell and D. bibracteata
(Robinson) Safford but differing from both in its narrow petals
and much smaller and narrower leaves.

Desmopsis izabalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
6-metralis, ramulis densissime pilis patentibus brunnescentibus vel
sordidis hispidulis; folia inter minora breviter petiolata firme mem-
branacea plus minusve lucida, petiolo crassiusculo ca. 3 mm. longo
dense hispidulo; lamina anguste oblongo-lanceolata 6-9.5 cm. longa
1.5-2.5 cm. lata apicem subacutum versus sensim longissime atten-
uata, basi obtusa vel subacuta, epunctata, supra tantum ad costam
subimpressam breviter hispidula, aliter glabra, subtus fere glabra
sed in statu adulto ad costam sparse adpresso-pilosa; flores oppositi-
folii ut videtur penduli, pedunculo gracillimo in statu fructifero ca.
3 cm. longo sparse hispidulo vel fere glabro, bracteis non visis;
baccae 5-6 mm. longe stipitatae globosae ca. 9 mm. diam. basi et
apice rotundatae glabratae sed ut videtur in statu juvenili sparse
adpresso-pilosae. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: On ridge top, along
Rio Frio, Cerro San Gil, alt. 75-150 meters, December 18, 1941,
Julian A. Steyermark 41543 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In general appearance this is much like the preceding but the
leaves are somewhat longer and narrower and not obviously punc-
tate, while in D. guatemalensis they are very conspicuously punctate
at all stages of development. The type material bears no flowers,
which are likely to provide supporting characters.

CRUCIFERAE

Cardamine balnearia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
erecta perennis ca. 35 cm. alta omnino glabra, radice perpendicular!

158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

radices numerosas fibrosas emittente; caulis simplex inferne nudus,
superne densissime foliatus; folia numerosissima longipetiolata laete
viridia ca. 14-15 cm. longa, petiolo gracili basi nudo sed plus minusve
dilatato et subamplexicauli; foliola 9-13 alterna vel opposita tenuiter
membranacea saepe remota 4-6 mm. longe petiolulata late ovata
usque ovato-oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 1-3 cm. longa 4-12 mm.
lata, subacuta usque obtusissima, basi rotundata usque subacuta
atque saepe obliqua, remote paucidentata vel brevissime remote
lobulata, dentibus spinuloso-apiculatis, foliolo terminali vulgo paullo
lateralibus ma j ore; racemi terminales simplices vel e basi pauciramosi
basi tantum foliaceo-bracteati vel nudi ca. 14 cm. longi laxe multi-
flori, pedicellis gracillimis 7-12 mm. longis adscendentibus; flores
ca. 6 mm. longi, sepalis purpurascentibus ovalibus fere 3 mm. longis
apice rotundatis; petala alba purpureo tincta obovata; siliquae
immaturae 3.5 cm. longae 0.8 mm. crassae, stylo 3 mm. longo vix
superne angustato; ovula numerosa. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezalte-
nango: Wet mossy bank, Aguas Amargas, western slope of Volcan
de Zunil, alt. about 2,450 meters, January 14, 1941, Paul C. Standley
83332 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This plant probably is rare, since although the senior author has
visited the type locality several times, he has found it but once.
It is an exceptionally distinct species, doubtless related to C. fulcrata
Greene and C. innovans 0. E. Schulz, but differing from both in its
numerous rather than usually three leaflets.

CAPPARIDACEAE

Capparis calciphila Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
12-metralis, ramis crassis brunneis densissime lepidotis, internodiis
brevibus; folia firme coriacea crasse petiolata, petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm.
vel interdum usque 4 cm. longo dense lepidoto; lamina elliptica vel
saepius obovato-elliptica 8.5-13 cm. longa 4.5-6.5 cm. lata apice
rotundata vel obtusissima et apiculata, basi obtusa vel late cuneato-
obtusa, supra glabra lucida, nervis venisque prominulis laxe reticu-
latis, subtus lutescenti-brunnescens sat dense lepidota non pilosula,
-costa gracili maxime elevata, nervis venisque prominentibus atque
laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae axillares cymosae pauciflorae, pedun-
culis usque ad 9 cm. longis, pedicellis crassiusculis 8-14 mm. longis
densissime brunneo-lepidotis; calyx ca. 3.5 mm. longus densissime
brunneo-lepidotus fere ad basin lobatus, lobis in alabastro apertis an-
guste triangularibus acutis adpressis; petala intus alba extus densissi-
me stellate- tomentosa 1 cm. longa vel ultra (in alabastro tantum visa) ;

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 159

stamina numerosa. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Along knife-
edge of a limestone ridge, Cerro Chinaja, between Finca Yalpemech
and Chinaja, above source of Rio San Diego, alt. 150-700 meters,
April 1-2, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 45616 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.).

Here probably belongs W. A. Schipp S-655 from Jacinto Hills,
British Honduras, distributed under a provisional name given it by
the senior author, but never published because flowers were lacking.
A sterile specimen from Lago de Amatitlan, Guatemala, also may be
referable here. The proposed species is related to C. indica (L.)
Fawc. & Rendle, which grows in various parts of Guatemala, chiefly
in dry situations, but that has much shorter petioles, seldom more
than 1 cm. long, and much smaller and relatively narrower leaves.

CRASSULACEAE

Echeveria macrantha Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
erecta sparse ramosa, plus minusve suffrutescens, ramis usque 1 cm.
crassis ochraceis apice tantum foliatis; folia ad apices ramorum dense
rosulata sessilia rotundo-cuneata ca. 3 cm. longa atque 2-2.8 cm.
lata, apice late rotundata vel subtruncata et brevissime apiculata,
basi latissime cuneata, crassa carnosa utrinque copiose sed non dense
hirtella in vivo pallide lutescenti-viridia roseo-marginata; pedunculus
crassus 4.5 cm. longus ca. 3-florus, pedicellis in statu fructifero 8 mm.
longis dense hirtellis; sepala fere libera 8 mm. longa lanceolato-
oblonga apicem obtusum versus sensim angustata dense hirtella;
corolla in statu fructifero persistens extus sat dense pubescens, seg-
mentis fere liberis ca. 2 cm. longis anguste lanceolatis apicem versus
sensim attenuatis dorso acute carinatis; follicula ca. 15 mm. longa
sparse pubescentia brunnea, corpore lanceolato-oblongo ca. 8 mm.
longo in rostrum gracile aequilongum sensim attenuate. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Jalapa: Dry rocky slopes, Montana Miramundo at
Buena Vista, alt. 2,000-2,200 meters, December 6, 1939, Julian A.
Steyermark 32808 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This is the only known Central American species with pubescent
foliage, the other species of the group being Mexican. Most of the
Mexican ones have much more abundant pubescence than the
Guatemalan plant, which differs from each of them also in some other
respect. It is noteworthy for its remarkably large flowers.

Echeveria huehueteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Planta
acaulis glabra, radicibus carnoso-fibrosis; folia numerosa dense

160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

rosulata sessilia oblongo-lanceolata usque subelliptica vel late
cuneato-obovato-oblonga, 2-5 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, apice sub-
acuminata usque obtusa vel subrotundata et cuspidato-apiculata,
basi latissime cuneata, utrinque viridia vel interdum purpurascentia ;
caules erecti strict! 20-30 cm. alti simplices remote foliati, foliis valde
reductis lanceolato-linearibus usque oblongo-lanceolatis usque ad
18 mm. longis acutis vel acuminatis sessilibus; flores laxe racemosi,
racemo 7-13 cm. longo remote 5-11-floro, pedicellis crassis 2-3 mm.
longis; sepala basi coalita valde inaequalia late linearia usque
oblongo-ovata obtusa vel subacuta carnosa viridia subadpressa vel
interdum plus minusve patentia 6-8 mm. longa; corolla rubra 8-10
mm. longa fere ad basin partita, lobis anguste lanceolatis suberectis
apice paullo excurvis longe anguste attenuatis dorso carinatis; folli-
cula ca. 8 mm. longa obliqua in rostrum subulatum sensim attenuata.
—Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: On bluffs, Cumbre Papal, on
slopes with southern exposure, between Cuilco and Ixmoqui, alt.
1,400-3,000 meters, August 19, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50934
(type in Herb. Field Mus.). On limestone bluffs in ravine with
Juniperus, alpine areas in vicinity of Tunima, 3,400 meters, Steyer-
mark 48373. Pine-forested slopes, terrestrial, along Rio Selegua
opposite San Sebastian Huehuetenango, 2,000 meters, Steyermark
50420.

Corolla vermilion-red ; leaves grass-green on both sides, or some-
times dull or deep green suffused with lavender or brownish purple,
not glaucous. The three collections cited show considerable varia-
tion in leaf form but it is believed that they are conspecific. In
Poellnitz's key to the species of Echeveria they run at once to E.
sessili 'flora Rose, a species of Chiapas that might well be expected
in Guatemala, but they do not agree with the original description
or with the one given by Poellnitz. The inflorescence in E. hue-
hueteca is not at all secund.

Echeveria Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. — Plantae acaules
glabrae solitariae vel interdum caespitosae, radicibus fibrosis; folia
vulgo numerosissima rosulata patentia vel adscendentia viridia
interdum purpureo vel roseo tincta sessilia, anguste vel latissime
oblongo-spathulata, 2.5-6.5 cm. longa 1-2 cm. lata, apice rotundata
vel obtusissima et breviter obtuse apiculata, carnosa sed non crassa,
basi latissime cuneata; scapi solitarii vel plures 5-20 cm. alti, floribus
breviter racemosis vel subcorymbosis paucis, foliis caulinis interdum
fere omnibus prope basin insertis, interdum fere ad apicem sparsis
linearibus usque oblongis, majoribus usque 2 cm. longis obtusis adscen-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 161

dentibus; flores 3-10 mm. longe pedicellati, pedicellis subgracilibus
plerumque 8-15 mm. longis, bracteis oblongis vel fere linearibus
pedicellis vulgo multo brevioribus; sepala fere ad basin libera inae-
qualia viridia carnosa 5-8 mm. longa oblonga vel ovato-oblonga
obtusa adpressa vel subpatentia; petala basi connata rubra vel roseo-
rubra 8-11 mm. longa lanceolata vel anguste lanceolata erecta sed
apice paullo excurva dorso carinata, apicem versus sensim attenuato-
acuminata; antherae petalis bene breviores ca. 1.5 mm. longae ova-
les; follicula 7-8 mm. longa suberecta longirostrata brunneo-rubra.—
Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: On rocks, between Santa Rosalia de
Marmol and San Lorenzo, alt. 1,200-1,600 meters, January 24, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 43145 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept.
Solola: Volcan de Santa Clara, 2,000-3,000 meters, Steyermark 46910,
47062; sometimes epiphytic. Among rocks, Volcan de Toliman,
slopes above San Lucas, 1,800-3,000 meters, Steyermark 47603.
Dept. San Marcos: Between Sibinal and Ichiguan, 3,500-4,000
meters, epiphytic, Steyermark 36507.

The plants placed here show a great deal of variation in leaf
form but it is believed that all represent a single species. Further
collections may possibly show that two or more species are repre-
sented but it is believed that all the apparent variations may be
explained by moisture and exposure conditions. The corolla is
variously described as vermilion throughout, rose-red, or with petals
reddish yellow edged with vermilion. The leaves may be either
grass-green throughout or sometimes paler beneath, and often
tinged with red or purple. The species is noteworthy for its small,
few-flowered inflorescence and very long pedicels.

LEGUMINOSAE

Bauhinia Calderonii (Rose) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.
CaspareaCalderonii Rose in Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 217. 1930.

Calliandra carcerea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel
arbuscula gracilis, ramis ochraceis subteretibus, novellis dense
hirtellis; folia 10-14 mm. longe petiolata, pinnis 1-jugis 4.5-7.5 cm.
longis; foliola 7-11-juga inaequalia et saepe obliqua oblongo-elliptica
usque ovata 12-23 mm. longa 4-8 mm. lata obtusa vel subacuta
basi obliqua obtusa vel rotundata, glabra ciliata lucidissima, subtus
paullo pallidiora penninervia, nervis venisque utrinque prominulis
laxe reticulatis, subcoriacea; pedunculi axillares solitarii ca. 2 cm.
longi graciles hirtelli, capitulis paucifloris; bracteae ca. 2 mm. longae

162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

lineari-lanceolatae puberulae; calyx glaber ad dentes puberulus
3 mm. longus striatus, dentibus brevissimis; corolla 7-8 mm. longa
glabra, limbo dilatato, ad dentes puberula; legumen 2.5-3 cm. longe
stipitatum lineare 7-7.5 cm. longum 7-8 mm. latum apice obtusum
et apiculatum, basi attenuatum, glabrum. — Guatemala: Dept. El
Progreso, slopes of quebradas, between Calera and middle slopes of
Volcan Siglo, alt. 2,000-2,200 meters, January 20, 1942, Julian A.
Steyermark 42985 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In appearance this is much like C. purpurea (L.) Benth. of the
Lesser Antilles, but that is glabrous throughout or nearly so while
C. carcerea has abundant pubescence on the branches, leaf rachis,
and peduncles.

Galactia sparsiflora Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Perennis
herbacea volubilis, caulibus gracillimis teretibus sparse strigosis vel
glabratis; stipulae viridescentes subulatae erectae 2-2.5 mm. longae
persistentes; folia 3-foliolata graciliter longipetiolata, rhachi 3-8
mm. longa, petiolo 1.5-4 cm. longo sparse strigoso vel glabro; foliola
chartacea oblongo-lanceolata vel anguste oblonga prope vel infra
medium latissima vel interdum supra medium paullo latiora, 3-6.5
cm. longa 8-15 mm. lata, acuta vel acuminata, basi obtusa vel
rotundata, supra lucida viridia sparse scabro-strigosa, subtus paullo
pallidiora, saepe lucida, sparse scabro-strigosa vel fere omnino glabra,
venis utrinque elevatis atque arete reticulatis; pedunculi axillares
1-flori 5-7 mm. longi; calyx sub legumine persistens 4-5 mm. longus
turbinatus adpressus tenuiter strigosus ad medium 4-dentatus,
dentibus tubo paullo brevioribus, dorsali ovato subobtuso integro,
carinali angustiore acuminate aequilongo, 2 lateralibus brevioribus
ovatis acuminatis; legumen anguste oblongum vel lineari-oblanceo-
latum 2.5-3 cm. longum 4-5 mm. latum, apice acutum et abrupte
longirostratum, rostro dense strigoso, basin versus sensim attenua-
tum, elastice dehiscens sparse strigosum subseptatum; semina 2-3
subcompressa lucida late ovalia ca. 4 mm. longa brunnea nigro-
maculata.— Guatemala: Dept. El Progreso: In forest east of Finca
Piamonte, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,500 meters, February 11, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 43837 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Hills
between Finca Piamonte and slopes southeast, Steyermark 43432.
Between Calera and summit of Volcan Siglo, Sierra de las Minas,
2,000-3,300 meters, Steyermark 43031.

All three collections are in fruit. The plant could be referred
about equally well to either Galactia or Calopogonium, but if the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 163

usual characters for separating those groups are reliable, it is better
placed in Galactia. It does not resemble closely any other Central
American species of Galactia, but does somewhat suggest Calopo-
gonium lanceolatum Brandeg.

Mimosa canahuensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.— Frutex
scandens, ramis obtuse angulatis dense pilosulis et hispidulis, aculeis
recurvis basi valde dilatatis brunnescentibus armatis; folia magna
15-20 cm. longa, rhachi dense recurvo-aculeata et sordide pubes-
cente, pinnis 4-6-jugis 4.5-7.5 cm. longis; foliola 7-11-juga crasse
membranacea ovali-oblonga vel subovalia 14-19 mm. longa 5-8
mm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, basi obliqua rotundata,
supra intense viridia puberula, subtus pallidiora sat dense pilosula
penninervia; pedunculi axillares monocephali crassi ca. 1.5 cm.
longi puberuli superne aculeolati, floribus capitatis; legumina
numerosa sessilia vel subsessilia ca. 2 cm. longa atque 8-9 mm.
lata, basi et apice rotundata vel obtusa, sat dense setosa, setis
pallide lutescentibus 2-3 mm. longis, marginibus incrassatis dense
rigide setosis, valvulis continuis non articulatis; semina ca. 3.—
Guatemala: Dept. El Progreso: Climbing in thickets, Montana
Canahui, between Finca San Miguel and summit of mountain, near
upper limits of Finca Caieta, alt. 1,600-2,300 meters, February 10,
1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43758 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

A well-marked species, whose affinities within the genus are
uncertain. It is not closely related to any other known from Guate-
mala, nor does it show any close relationship with any of the species
treated by Britton and Rose.

Mimosa Donnell-Smithii (Britt. & Rose) Standl. & Steyerm.,
comb. nov. Neomimosa Donnell-Smithii Britt. & Rose, N. Amer.
Fl. 23: 173. 1928. Apparently a rare plant, not represented among
recent collections made in Guatemala.

Pithecolobium saxosum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
ca. 5-metralis, ramulis brevibus irregularibus dense hirtellis spinis
stipularibus crassis rigidis 7-10 mm. longis sat dense armatis; folia
1.5-2.5 cm. longe petiolata, petiolo gracili dense hirtello apice
glandula sessili crateriformi onusto, pinnis 1-jugis; foliola 1-juga
coriacea ovalia vel late oblongo-obovata 2.5-4.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.5
cm. lata, apice rotundata et saepe emarginata, basi rotundata vel
late obtuse cuneata, supra vulgo lucida dense velutino-puberula,
subtus sat dense velutino-pilosula, nervis venisque subtus promi-

164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

nentibus conspicuis; flores spicati, spicis in paniculas parvas dis-
positis 1-2 cm. longis densis vel plus minusve inferne interruptis
ca. 8 mm. latis saepe graciliter longipedunculatis, floribus arete
sessilibus; bracteae oblongo-lanceolatae persistentes vix 1 mm. longae
puberulae; calyx vix ultra 1 mm. longus dense albido-puberulus;
corolla ca. 3 mm. longa minute sericea; legumen ignotum. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Chiquimula: Edge of arroyo, Quebrada Shusho, above
Chiquimula, on the road to Zacapa, alt. about 480 meters, October
14, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74367 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); same
locality, October 9, 1940, Standley 73726. Dept. Zacapa: Vicinity
of Zacapa, 200 meters, in brushy pasture, October, 1940, Standley
74195.

In its small flowers this suggests P. microstachyum Standl., of
Guatemala and Salvador, but in that the leaves are glabrous or
essentially so. The copious pubescence allies P. saxosum with P.
Brownii Standl. and P. Johanseni Standl., both of which grow in
Guatemala, but they have substantially larger flowers.

Pithecolobium Stevensonii (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm.,
comb. nov. Inga Stevensonii Standl. Trop. Woods 23: 7. 1930. — This
species has been collected several times recently in Guatemala in the
departments of Pete"n, Alta Verapaz, and Izabal.

Pithecolobium vulcanorum Standl. & Steyerm., nom. nov.
Cojoba guatemalensis Britt. & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23: 30. 1923, not
Pithecolobium guatemalense Standl. 1929.

Pithecolobium Tuerckheimii (Britt. & Rose) Standl. &
Steyerm., comb. nov. Cojoba Tuerckheimii Britt. & Rose, N. Amer.
Fl. 23:30. 1928.

RUTACEAE

Esenbeckia echinoidea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
5-7-metralis, ramulis crassiusculis dense pilis albidis strigosis serius
glabratis; folia 1-foliolata, petiolo gracili 1.5-6 cm. longo sparse
strigoso; foliola late elliptica 9-28 cm. longa 4.5-15 cm. lata obtusa
vel subrotundata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, supra glabra vel in
statu juvenili sparse puberula, subtus paullo pallidiora, sparse
pilosula vel in statu adulto fere omnino glabra, nervis venisque
utrinque prominentibus vel prominulis et arete reticulatis; capsula
pedunculum crassum erectum 5-6 cm. longum terminans globosa
vel depresso-globosa ca. 4 cm. lata et 2.5 cm. alta lignosa durissima

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 165

5-loculata ubique densissime echinis crassis acutiusculis duris hirtellis
inaequalibus usque ad 1 cm. longis obtecta. — Guatemala: Dept.
Chiquimula: Brushy rocky hillside, between Ramirez and Cumbre
de Chiquimula, on the road between Chiquimula and Zacapa, alt.
400-600 meters, October 15, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74456 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. El Progreso: Barranquillo, 650 meters,
Steyermark 46452. Dept. Zacapa: Between Agua Blanca and Cum-
bre de Chiquimula, 350-500 meters, Standley 74413. Dept. Guate-
mala: Without locality, Ignacio Aguilar 95. Near Amatitlan, 1,170
meters, in dry forest, Standley 61395.

From all species known on the mainland of North America this
differs in its 1-foliolate (not simple) leaves and very densely echinate
fruit. The fruit is very hard and woody, and so densely beset with
hard woody spines that its normal 5-angulate form is obscured and
it appears to be depressed-globose.

Casimiroa emarginata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
15-metralis, ramulis crassis pallide lenticellatis, glabris vel sparse
breviter pilosulis, gemmis axillaribus subglobosis densissime pilis
albis pilosulis; folia longipetiolata 3-foliolata, petiolo gracili 5-8 cm.
longo glabro, petiolulis 1-1.5 cm. longis; foliola membranacea elliptica
vel late elliptica 7-10 cm. longa 4-7 cm. lata, apice rotundata et
breviter emarginata vel apicem angustum emarginatum versus
breviter angustata, basi inaequaliter rotundata vel obtusissima,
glabra, supra intense viridia sublucida, subtus pallidiora; fructus
ut videtur ovalis in statu sicco 5-5.5 cm. altus 3.5-4 cm. latus, apice
leviter bilobus. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Growing near a
house (planted?) at Tajumulco, northwestern slope of Volcan de
Tajumulco, alt. 2,300-2,800 meters, February 28, 1940, Julian A.
Steyermark 36931 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

It is unsatisfactory to describe another species in a genus in
which the species already known are suspected to be unstable, but
this particular collection can not be associated readily with any of
the species known heretofore. From C. edulis Llave & Lex. it
differs in its 3-foliolate, very obtuse or rounded leaflets, and from
C. Sapota Oerst., which is not known from Guatemala, in its rounded
and broad-based leaflets. It is difficult to believe that the Guate-
malan tree is only a variant of the latter species, and it scarcely can
be associated with any of the extreme forms of C. edulis.

Galipea guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
glaber, ramulis gracilibus irregularibus, internodiis ut videtur brevi-

166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

bus; folia 1-foliolata, petiolo 8-25 mm. longo; foliola firme mem-
branacea elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica 10-20 cm. longa 4.5-8.5 cm.
lata abrupte cuspidato-acuminata, basi acuta, supra intense viridia
lucida, subtus pallidiora, margine subundulato, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere ca. 12 prominentibus, venis tenerrimis prominulis
laxe reticulatis, lamina sat dense pellucido-punctata; pedunculi
breves 1 cm. longi, fructu solum uno ut videtur maturante; capsulae
carpella oblique oblonga sessilia 2 cm. longa 8 mm. lata, apicem
anguste obtusum versus sensim angustata, basi rotundata, plus
minusve rugosa, glabra; semina vix compressa fusco-ferruginea
1 cm. longa 4 mm. lata. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Rio Dulce,
between Livingston and six miles up the river, on the north side of
the river, near sea level, April 14, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39448
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In continental North America only one other species of the genus
has been found. It is a shrub or tree of Darie"n, Panama, with 3-folio-
late leaflets.

BURSERACEAE

Bursera permollis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbuscula ca.
5-metralis, ramulis crassis pallidis dense breviter pilis patentibus
pilosulis; folia longipetiolata 3-foliolata, petiolo 4-5 cm. longo mol-
liter pilosulo; foliola 3-12 mm. longe petiolulata crasse membranacea
ambitu variabilia orbicularia usque late elliptica, rotundo-rhombea
vel obovato-orbicularia, 5-10 cm. longa 4-8.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa
vel saepius rotundata at subito caudato-acuminata, basi late cunea-
ta vel saepius rotundata vel subcordata, integra, supra sparse pilosa,
subtus densius velutino-pilosa, nervis venisque elevatis laxe reticu-
latis; inflorescentiae e nodis defoliatis nascentes breves pauciflorae,
ramis crassissimis pilosulis, floribus breviter crasse pedicellatis;
fructus 3-valvis densiuscule puberulus vel glabra tus 1 cm. longus
obtusus; semen 1 albescens 8 mm. longum 6 mm. latum. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Jutiapa: In hedge, vicinity of Jutiapa, alt. 850 meters,
October-November, 1940, Paul C. Standley 75245 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.). Between Jutiapa and La Calera, southeast of Jutiapa,
850 meters, Standley 76039, 76100. Dept. Chiquimula: Along
stream in Canada, Caracol Mountain north of Quezaltepeque,
1,200-1,400 meters, November, 1939, Steyermark 31407.

Local names "Jiote" and "Palo jiote de huis." From all other
Central American species of Bursera this is distinguished at once by
its 3-foliolate leaves with entire leaflets.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 167

MELIAGEAE

Guarea chirriactensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor
excelsa 18-metralis, ramulis crassis dense elevato-lenticellatis dense
pilis brevissimis adpresso-pilosulis, serius glabratis; folia magna
6-foliolata longipetiolata, rhachi sicut petiolo sparse pilosula vel
fere glabra, petiolulis crassis 5-8 mm. longis; foliola firme membrana-
cea oblongo-ovata vel elliptico-oblonga 11-26 cm. longa 6-12 cm.
lata, apice obtusa vel subrotundata et abrupte breviter apiculato-
acuminata, basi obtusa vel subrotundata atque breviter ima basi
acutata, utrinque glabrata vel subglabra, in axillis non barbata,
costa supra subimpressa subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus
gracilibus subtus elevatis; paniculae axillares sessiles repetite ramosae
petiolum vix aequantes ca. 8-9 cm. longae, ramis crassis sparse
pilosulis vel fere glabris, pedicellis glabratis subgracilibus 2-4 mm.
longis; calyx latissime campanulatus 3.5 mm. latus 2 mm. altus
sparse strigosus basi fere truncatus brevissime dentatus, dentibus
latissime rotundatis; petala ca. 6 mm. longa late oblonga obtusissima
extus dense strigosa; tubus staminalis 3 mm. longus vel paullo ultra
inferne glaber, superne pubescens. — Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz:
Along route no. 5 between Chirriacte* and Semococh, alt. 500-900
meters, May 10, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 46355 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.). South of Cubilguitz, 300-400 meters, Steyermark
44541 (sterile).

The relationship of this Guatemalan tree is with Guarea Chichon
C. DC. andG. Trompillo C. DC., both of which occur in Guatemala.
They have much longer petals, a much larger, rather deeply and
conspicuously dentate calyx, and usually narrow-based leaflets.

Trichilia privigna Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor 8-
metralis, ramulis gracilibus brunnescentibus vel fuscescentibus,
novellis sparse puberulis cito glabratis subteretibus; folia inter
minora pinnatim 3-foliolata, petiolo gracili 12-15 mm. longo glabrato,
petiolulis 3-5 mm. longis; foliola elliptica usque obovato-oblonga vel
obovato-elliptica 3-8.5 cm. longa 1.5-4 cm. lata, abrupte acuminata,
acumine ipso acuto vel obtuso; basi cuneato-acuta vel acuta, firme
membranacea, supra viridia tantum ad costam puberula, subtus
brunnescentia glabra vel glabrata, foliolis lateralibus terminali vulgo
multo minoribus; paniculae axillares longipedunculatae 5-8 cm.
longae laxe multiflorae, ramis sparse puberulis vel fere glabris,
floribus breviter pedicellatis viridescentibus; calyx glaber vel gla-
bratus 1 mm. latus 0.8 mm. altus breviter dentatus, dentibus latis-

168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

simis apiculato-subacutis; corolla in alabastro extus minutissime
strigillosa 1.5 mm. longa; ovarium dense strigosum. — Guatemala:
Dept. Pete*n: Steep shaly slopes along Rio Santa Isabel, between
mouth of Rio Sebol and El Porvenir, alt. 100 meters, April 21, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 45827 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In all characters this is so much like T. brevi flora Blake & Standl.
of the same general region that it may be only a form of that species.
The texture of the leaves is similar, but in T. breviflora all the several
collections now known have uniformly 1-foliolate leaves. Those of
T. privigna are all 3-foliolate, and until intermediate forms are
collected it may stand as a distinct species.

MALPIGHIACEAE

Mascagnia excelsa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor praeter
inflorescentiam fere omnino glabra, ramis gracilibus subteretibus
sparse lenticellatis ochraceis vel viridescentibus, internodiis elongatis;
folia majuscula breviter petiolata crasse membranacea lucida,
petiolo crasso 6-13 mm. longo facie superiore prope apicem glandulis
2 magnis valde elevatis onusto; lamina oblongo-lanceolata vel ovato-
lanceolata 13-17 cm. longa 5-7.5 cm. lata longiacuminata, basi
obtusa vel rotundata, supra laete viridis, nervis prominulis, subtus
paullo pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus prominenti-
bus; inflorescentia paniculata axillaris sessilis vel breviter peduncu-
lata repetite ramosa multiflora foliis interdum longior, ramis rectis
sparse brunneo-puberulis vel subtomentulosis, bracteis bracteolisque
parvis deltoideis vel subulatis vix ad 2 mm. longis persistentibus,
pedicellis plerumque 3-5 mm. longis superne valde incrassatis;
sepala glabrata ca. 3 mm. longa, glandulis ovalibus vel suborbiculari-
bus sepalis dimidio brevioribus; petala pallide lutea extus glabra
longiunguiculata ca. 8 mm. longa, lamina suborbiculari inconspicue
sinuato-dentata; samarae glabrae 2.5-3.5 cm. latae 2-2.5 cm. altae,
alis lateralibus tenuibus ad marginem irregulariter undulatis, crista
dorsali brevi integra. — Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Rio Dulce, between
Livingston and six miles up the river, on the north side, at sea level,
April 14, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39456 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.). Rio Dulce, two to four miles west of Livingston, on south
side of the river, April 16, 1940, Steyermark 39452.

The nearest Central American relative of this species is M.
rivularis Morton & Standl., found in Alta Verapaz and Izabal,
Guatemala, but that is distinguished at once by the inconspicuous,
not at all elevated glands at the apex of the petiole. Another related

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 169

species is M. jamaicensis Urban & Niedenzu, known only from
Jamaica.

DICHAPETALACEAE

Dichapetalum bullatum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
erectus vel subscandens, ramulis ochraceis plus minusve lucidis,
novellis dense pilis longis sordidis vel brunnescentibus hispidis;
folia magna brevissime petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo crasso
5-8 mm. longo vel paullo longiore dense hispido; lamina elliptica
vel late elliptica, interdum oblongo-elliptica vulgo 17-28 cm. longa
atque 11-18 cm. lata, subito acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi
rotundata vel subcordata, supra sparse hispida vel in statu adulto
fere glabra, nervis venisque conspicue impressis, superficie insigniter
bullata, subtus dense pilis longiusculis rigidiusculis hirsuta vel
hispida, costa nervisque elevatis, venis quoque elevatis et laxe
reticulatis; inflorescentia parva multiflora terminalis vel pseudo-
terminalis e basi ramosa (vel ex inflorescentiis pluribus composita),
ramis primariis gracillimis 1-1.5 cm. longis dense hispidis, floribus
ad apicem rami paucis longe pedicellatis, pedicellis fere filiformibus
hispidulis; sepala anguste oblonga obtusa 3-3.5 mm. longa extus
dense albido-tomentulosa et pilis longis albis rigidis adpressis hispida;
petala sepalis aequilonga glabra alba apice biloba; filamenta gracilis
glabra petalis longiora; ovarium dense albo-tomentosum. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Izabal: Along road between Puerto Barrios and Santo
Tomas, about 1.5 miles southeast of Puerto Barrios, at sea level,
December 7, 1941, Julian A. Steyermark 39874 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.). Between Virginia and Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico,
50-500 meters, Steyermark 38803. Puerto Barrios, in wet thickets
or Manicaria swamps, April-May, 1939, Standley 72813, 73053.

The petals are white when fresh but become blackish purple in
drying. The species is a very distinct one, noteworthy for its
abundant, hirsute or hispid pubescence and very large and broad,
conspicuously bullate leaves. Two other members of the genus are
found in Guatemala.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Euphorbia cuchumatanensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —
Subgenus Chamaesyce. Fruticulus erectus 20-30 cm. altus dense et
saepe intricate ramosus, inferne frutescens, superne herbaceus,
radice crassa lignosa, caulibus vetustioribus fuscescentibus tereti-
bus, novellis pallidis sat dense pilis albis patentibus fere rectis

170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

pilosis, internodiis foliis longioribus; folia parva brevissime petiolata
opposita in sicco pallida crassiuscula oblique deltoideo-ovata vel
ovato-ovalia, vix 1 mm. longe petiolata, 5-10 mm. longa 3.5-7
mm. lata apice obtusissima vel subrotundata, basi oblique subcordata
vel rotundata, interdum subacutata, prope apicem inconspicue
undulato-denticulata vel fere integra, utrinque sat dense pilis
pallidis mollibus patentibus pilosula; involucra numerosa axillaria
vel terminalia solitaria breviter pedunculata dense pilosula late
turbinata basi acuta, appendicibus suborbicularibus 1 mm. longis
et aequilatis glabris apice late rotundatis patentibus conspicuis;
capsula 2 mm. lata vel paullo ultra pubescens; semina tumida
brunnescenti-ochracea ad angulos subincrassata, faciebus fere
laevibus.— Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Sierra de los Cuchu-
matanes, between Nenton and Las Palmas, alt. 800-1,200 meters,
August 30, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51646 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.).

A well-marked species, noteworthy for its dense erect habit,
grayish, densely pubescent leaves, and the conspicuous white append-
ages of the involucre. It is not closely related to any other Central
American species, and it does not .agree with any of the numerous
Mexican ones of which material has been available for comparison.

GELASTRACEAE

Microtropis ilicina Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Arbor glabra
9-12-metralis, ramulis purpureo-fuscis; folia petiolata coriacea
integra, petiolo crasso pallido 7-10 mm. longo; lamina elliptica vel
oblongo-elliptica, prope medium latissima, 6.5-9.5 cm. longa 2.5-
4.5 cm. lata, acuta vel subacuminata, acumine ipso obtuso, basi
acuta, utrinque lucida, supra in sicco lutescenti-viridis, costa
nervisque prominulis, subtus pallidissima, costa elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 vix prominulis, venis inconspicuis
laxe reticulatis; pedunculi 1-1.5 cm. longi crassi 1-2-dichotomi,
cymis dense paucifloris 1-2 cm. latis, pedicellis crassis brevibus,
bracteis latis fusco-marginatis; sepala exteriora pallida 1.5 mm.
longa 2 mm. lata fusco-marginata, interiora majora, margine eroso-
denticulata; capsula anguste obovata apice acuta vel obtusa, prope.
basin angustata, 12-15 mm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa:
Southern slopes of Volcan Gemelos, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,100-
3,200 meters, January 26, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43284 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 43280, with the same data. Rio
Repollal, 2,100-2,400 meters, January, 1942, Steyermark 42545.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 171

Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro Pixpix, above San Ildefonso Ixta-
huacan, 2,800 meters, Steyermark 50650, 50655.

From M. occidentalis Loes., a widespread species of Central
America, this differs conspicuously in its much thicker leaves,
which are very pale beneath and silvery in the fresh state, not green.

SAPINDAGEAE

Serjania hispida Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex scan-,
dens, caulibus gracilibus angulatis ubique dense pilis longis brunneis
patentibus setoso-hispida, internodiis elongatis; stipulae fere fili-
formes 1 cm. longae vel ultra brunneo-hispidae; folia modica mem-
branacea 3-foliolata 2-3 cm. longe petiolata, petiolo nudo dense
hispido; foliola lateralia sessilia oblique ovata 6-7.5 'cm. longa
abrupte caudato-acuminata, basi oblique rotundata; foliola ter-
minalia rhombeo-ovata vel rhombeo-elliptica ca. 13 cm. longa atque
6.5 cm. lata, caudato-acuminata, basi subabrupte cuneato-angustata;
foliola omnia grosse remote crenato-dentata supra viridia dense
hispida, subtus paullo pallidiora dense molliter hirsuta; inflores-
centiae axillares ca. 7 cm. longe pedunculatae laxe multiflorae ca.
5 cm. longae et 3 cm. latae densissime pilis longis brunneis setoso-
hispidae, floribus longe graciliter pedicellatis, bracteis fere fili-
formibus hirsutis ca. 5 mm. longis; sepala fere 4 mm. longa lata
densissime brunneo-hispidula; petala alba glabra. — Guatemala:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Damp forested slopes, along road between
San Cristobal and Chixoy, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, February 19,
1942, Julian A. Steyermark 43926 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

So many species of Serjania have been described from Mexico
and Central America that one would suppose a name could be found
for every possible form. Apparently, however, the number of valid
species is large, and there are many possible combinations of charac-
ters. Both this and the following species are noteworthy for their
abundant stiff spreading pubescence. They are not satisfactorily
referable to any of the species of the region represented in the her-
barium by authentic material, nor do they appear to be particularly
close to any of them. S. hispida is known only from flowering
specimens.

Serjania phaseoloides Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
scandens, caulibus gracilibus profunde sulcatis et angulatis, tantum
ad angulos dense pilis rigidiusculis flavescentibus setoso-hirsutis;
folia ca. 4 cm. longe petiolata 3-foliolata membranacea, petiolo

172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

gracili nudo sparse hispidulo; foliola lateralia deltoideo-ovata vel
ovata 7-8 cm. longa acuminata vel longiacuminata basi vulgo sub-
cordata vel truncata ca. 1.5 cm. longe petiolulata; foliola terminalia
late rhombeo-ovata 7-10 cm. longa 5.5-7 cm. lata acuminata, basi
rotundata longe petiolulata; foliola omnia concoloria remote grosse
undulato-dentata vel interdum basin versus sublobata, utrinque
sparse pilosula vel glabrata; inflorescentiae longipedunculatae ca.
9 cm. longae et 3 cm. latae, laxe multiflorae hirtellae, floribus albis
•longe graciliter pedicellatis; sepala 3 mm. longa extus dense minute
puberula vel subtomentulosa; fructus juvenilis (7 mm. tantum
longus) late obovatus apice emarginatus sparse minutissime puberu-
lus vel ut videtur cito glabratus, ad angulos ciliolatus. — Guatemala:
Dept. Huehuetenango: Along Rio Cuilco between Cuilco and San
Juan, 2.5 miles west of Cuilco, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, August 18,
1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50908 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Although this and the preceding species have rather similar
pubescence on the stems, there is no reason to suppose that they are
closely related. In S. hispida the pubescence is evenly distributed
all over the stems, while in S. phaseoloides it is confined to the edges
of the angles. In the former the lateral leaflets are sessile, in S.
phaseoloides long-petiolulate.

TILIACEAE

Sloanea petenensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Ramuli
graciles striati glabri vel glabrati; folia majuscula longipetiolata
chartacea sublucida, petiolo gracili 2-4 cm. longo glabro; lamina
anguste elliptico-oblonga 18-27 cm. longa 7.5-9 cm. lata anguste
longiacuminata, basin obtusam versus paullo angustata, integra
vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere ca. 8 teneris utrinque prominentibus arcuatis angulo
lato adscendentibus, venis utrinque prominulis et arete reticulatis;
capsulae (delapsae tantum visae) ovoideo-globosae ca. 3 cm. longae
dense puberulae et sparse hispidulae, ubique dense echinis crassis
rigidis persistentibus ca. 8 mm. longis puberulis dense munitae,
valvis lignosis 4 mm. crassis intus glabris. — Guatemala: Dept.
Pete"n: Forest between Finca Yalpemech, along Rio San Diego, and
San Diego on Rio Cancue"n, alt. 50-150 meters, March 25, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 45309 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The material is most unsatisfactory for description, consisting
of a leafy branch and some detached, very old fruits that probably
were found on the ground. There is no doubt, however, that the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 173

collection represents a species quite distinct from any of those
reported previously from northern Central America.

MALVACEAE

Abutilon orientale Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
erecta usque 1 m. alta ut videtur perennis, gracilis, ramosa, ramis'
teretibus sparse minute stellato-puberulis et copiose pilis longis
mollibus paten tibus simplicibus pilosis, sat dense foliatis; folia
inter minora longipetiolata, petiolis gracilibus 1.2-4 cm. longis ut
caulibus indutis; lamina late cordato-ovata 4.5-7.5 cm. longa 2-6
cm. lata sensim subitove longiacuminata, basi profunde cordata,
crenata, supra sparse pilis longis patentibus simplicibus pilosa,
subtus vix pallidior sparse stellato-pilosa; stipulae anguste lineares
5-6 mm. longae virides; flores numerosi plerumque laxe cymosi et
subpaniculati, axillares et terminales, longe graciliter pedicellati,
pedicellis stellato-puberulis et pilis longis simplicibus pilosis; calyx
late campanulatus 4 mm. longus dense stellato-pilosus, lobis tubo
multo brevioribus latissime ovatis filiformi-cuspidatis; petala pallide
lutea latissime obovata 5 mm. longa glabra; calyx in statu fructifero
carpellis plus quam duplo brevior; fructus carpella 5 dense stellato-
pubescentia apice abrupte rostrata, corpore 4-5 mm. longo, rostris
brevibus oblique divergentibus vix 2 mm. longis; semina in quoque
carpello 2. — Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: In shaded quebrada, along
road between Agua Blanca and Cumbre de Chiquimula, alt. 350-
500 meters, October 15, 1940, Paul C. Standley 74420 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.).

Perhaps related to A. umbellatum (L.) Sweet, which is the closest
relative among the Central American species. In that, a much
stouter plant of different appearance, the stems are stellate-hirsute
and the calyx is much larger, usually almost or quite equaling the
body of the carpels. The disposition of the inflorescence is con-
spicuously different in the two species.

Abutilon tridens Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex vel
arbuscula 2.5-4.5 m. alta ramosa, ramis crassiusculis dense molliter
stellato-pilosis vel tomentosis, tomento inaequali et saepe quasi
tuberculoso; stipulae persistentes 12-15 mm. longae lineares stellato-
tomentosae basi paullo dilatatae; folia magna longipetiolata mem-
branacea, petiolis 4-17 cm. longis, superioribus inferioribus multo
brevioribus; lamina late cordato-ovata vel rotundato-cordata 12-24
cm. longa 8.5-18 cm. lata, acuminata vel subabrupte longiacuminata,

174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

basi profunde anguste cordata, crenulata vel subintegra, supra
viridis sparse stellato-pilosa vel fere glabra, subtus glauca dense
stellato-pilosa et ad nervos venasque pilis longis simplicibus pilosa;
pedunculi axillares ca. 16 cm. longi vulgo 3-flori, rarius 1-flori, pedi-
cellis crassis erectis plerumque 4-6 cm. longis infra calycem articu-
.latis; calyx 2.5-3 cm. longus densissime pilis brevibus stellatis
brunneo-tomentosus profunde lobatus, lobis late ovatis acutis vel
acuminatis intus dense tomentulosis; petala lata 4-5 cm. longa
aurantiaca rubro-venosa glabra, apice latissime rotundata vel
truncata, venis conspicuis elevatis; columna staminifera longe exserta
corolla fere duplo longior; fructus carpella ca. 12 et 2.5-3 cm. alta
dense stellato-hispida apice longirostrata, rostris ca. 5 mm. longis
divaricatis; semina ca. 8. — Guatemala:- Dept. El Progreso: Along
small creek, hills between Finca Piamonte and the slopes southeast,
Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2,400 meters, February 4, 1942, Julian A.
Steyermark 43439 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Zacapa: Upper
reaches of Rio Sitio Nuevo, Sierra de las Minas, 1,500-1,800 meters,
January, 1942, Steyermark 43240. Upper slopes, Rio Repollal,
Sierra de las Minas, 2,100-2,400 meters, Steyermark 42532.

This is very closely related to A. Pachecoanum, which we
described recently from the Occidente of Guatemala. That differs
in its deep wine-red rather than orange-yellow petals, and in having
the stamen tube of about the same length as the petals. There are
also minor differences in vegetative characters.

Malvastrum guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—
Herba vel frutex erectus 60 cm. altus ramosus, ramis teretibus
brunneis dense stellato-hispidulis; stipulae filiformes 5-6 mm.
longae; folia longipetiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 1.5-4 cm.
longo stellato-hispidulo; lamina rotundo-ovata usque elliptico-ovata
vel late elliptica 4-7.5 cm. longa 2.5-6 cm. lata acuta, basi rotun-
data vel late obtusa, inaequaliter crenato-dentata, interdum subangu-
lata, supra viridis pilis longis rigidiusculis pallidis simplicibus hispida,
subtus paullo pallidior dense stellato-hispidula; inflorescentiae
spicatae terminates multiflorae interruptae non densae, basi foliatae,
floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, bracteis linearibus
inconspicuis deciduis, floribus interdum in axillis superioribus aggre-
gatis; bracteolae lineares virides calycis lobis multo breviores; calyx
6 mm. longus vel in statu fructifero paullo longior densissime pilis
simplicibus rigidiusculis hispidus et quoque stellato-hispidulus, ad
medium vel profundius lobatus, lobis triangulari-ovatis acuminatis;
petala pallide flava glabra 8-9 mm. longa; fructus carpella prope

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 175

apicem dense pubescentia, apice breviter bidentata, lateribus trans-
verse rugulosis. — Guatemala: Dept. Santa Rosa: Wet thicket, near
Cuilapa, alt. 900 meters, November 20-27, 1940, Paul C. Standley
78534 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 77661.

The relationship of this plant is obviously with M. bicuspidatum
(Wats.) Rose, a Mexican species in which the leaves are stellate-
pubescent on both surfaces, and the calyx is finely stellate-pubescent.
It is irritating to have to describe as new an evidently weedy plant
such as this, but it can scarcely be referred to M. bicuspidatum,
and we find no other American species with close affinities.

MARCGRAVIACEAE

Ruyschia longistylis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
epiphyticus scandens omnino glaber, ramis crassis subteretibus
ochraceis; folia breviter petiolata crasse coriacea, petiolo crasso ca.
5 mm. longo; lamina oblanceolato-oblonga 10-12 cm. longa 3-3.5 cm.
lata supra medium latissima obtusa et mucronato-apiculata, basin
obtusam vel subacutam versus sensim angustata, supra in sicco
luteo-viridis, subtus paullo pallidior, nervis obsoletis; inflorescentia
in statu fructifero 11 cm. longa subremote multiflora, rhachi fere
3 mm. crassa, pedicellis crassis 2.5-4 mm. longis patentibus vel
leviter adscendentibus; bracteae ima basi calycis insertae semiglo-
bosae vel obovatae 4 mm. longae obtusae basi angustatae et sub-
stipitatae, crassissimae; sepala valde inaequalia suborbicularia,
interiora 3 mm. longa, apice rotundata, crassa, adpressa; fructus
immaturus subglobosus 4 mm. longus, stylo crasso columnari 2.5
mm. longo. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cafetal of Finca
Soledad, 5 miles southeast of Barillas, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
alt. 1,150 meters, July 26, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 49545 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.).

This is the only species of Ruyschia found thus far in northern
Central America, but two or three others occur in southern Central
America, and one has been described from Mexico. The present
plant is noteworthy for the relatively much elongate style, that in
other species being very short or obsolete.

Souroubea puberula Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
epiphyticus scandens, praeter inflorescentiam omnino glaber, ramis
crassis brunnescentibus vel ochraceis obtuse subangulatis; folia
breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso 5-9 mm. longo;
lamina oblanceolato-oblonga 8.5-12 cm. longa 3.5-4.8 cm. lata,
apice obtusa vel obtusissima et mucronato-apiculata, supra medium

176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

latissima, basin acutam vel attenuatam versus sensim angustata,
nervis lateralibus tenerrimis obscuris; inflorescentia terminalis
sessilis vel breviter pedunculata dense multiflora 7-8 cm. longa,
omnibus partibus minute puberula, pedicellis vix ultra 2 mm. longis
valde sursum curvis; bracteae ima basi calycis insertae pileiformes
sessiles 3.5 mm. longae; sepala arete imbricata suborbicularia
2.5 mm. longa apice rotundata. — Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepe*quez :
Upper forested slopes of barranco by Loma Grande, above Finca
El Naranjo, Volcan de Santa Clara, alt. about 2,000 meters, June 2,
1942, Julian A. Steyermark 46862 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

A close relative of this is the Guatemalan S. micrantha Standl. &
Steyerm., but in that the pedicels are much longer and more slender,
and the whole inflorescence is glabrous.

VIOLACEAE

Hybanthus sylvicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
vel arbuscula 3-4.5 m. alta omnino glabra ramosa, ramis gracilibus
lignosis subteretibus vel obtuse trigonis pallide viridibus; stipulae
anguste ovatae vix ultra 1.5 mm. longae pallidae; folia breviter
petiolata firme membranacea, petiolo 3-4 mm. longo; lamina
oblongo-oblanceolata vel oblanceolata 8.5-10 cm. longa atque 2.5-
3.5 cm. lata apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, basin versus
sensim cuneato-attenuata, obsolete remoteque crenato-serrata vel
subintegra, subtus pallidior; flores subfasciculati e gemmis axillaribus
nascentes pauci, pedunculis fere filiformibus 5-8 mm. longis glaber-
rimis; sepala glabra inaequalia lanceolata vel late lanceolata ca.
2 mm. longa acuminata; petalum infimum 8 mm. longum, lamina
rhombea longe unguiculata, ungue laminam fere aequante, petalis
alteris unguem fere aequantibus; capsula ovoideo-globosa ca. 7 mm.
alta et aequilata obtusissima vix rostrata glabra.-- Guatemala:
Dept. Alta Verapaz: Pila-pec, Finca Los Alpes, alt. 270 meters,
March 20, 1939, C. L. Wilson 329 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Apparently a well-marked and somewhat isolated species, proba-
bly related to H. elatus (Turcz.) Morton. In that the capsules are
much larger, the peduncles minutely but definitely puberulent, and
the more acuminate leaves are very conspicuously and evenly
serrulate almost throughout their length.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Xylosma celastrinum (HBK.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.
Flacourtia celastrina HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 239. 1825. Myroxylon

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 177

celastrinum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 44. 1891. — The Gray Herbarium
Card Index of New Species includes a card crediting the combina-
tion Xylosma celastrinum to HBK. ex Clover, Madrono 4: 94. 1937,
but apparently the combination never has been properly published.
Kuntze (loc. cit.) attributed the name Xylosma celastrinum incor-
rectly to the HBK. citation listed above, and Clover listed the same
name in a list of plant names, without any reference to a name-
bringing synonym.

Xylosma sessile Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex glaber,
ramis crassis ferrugineis vel brunneis lenticellis numerosis elevatis
majusculis conspersis inermibus vel spinis crassis 1-2 cm. longis
armatis, sat dense foliatis; folia modica brevissime petiolata vel
fere sessilia coriacea, petiolo crasso vix ad 2 mm. longo vulgo breviore;
lamina elliptico-oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 6.5-8.5 cm. longa
2-3 cm. lata vel paullo latior, acuta vel breviter acuminata, acumine
ipso obtuso, basi cuneato-acuta, remote adpresso-serrata vel fere
integra, supra viridis saepe lucida, nervis prominulis, venis obsoletis,
subtus paullo pallidior, in sicco vulgo brunnescens, opaca, costa
prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6 prominulis, venis
obsoletis vel obscuris; flores masculi in axillis dense fasciculati, pedi-
cellis gracilibus 5-7 mm. longis glabris; sepala oblongo-ovata ca. 1.5
mm. longa obtusa glabra ciliata; stamina numerosa, filamentis cras-
siusculis glabris 2.5-3 mm. longis; bacca subglobosa 5-7 mm. diam.
glabra; stylus brevissimus, stigma tibus brevibus ovatis. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Coban, January, 1907, H. von Tuerckheim
11.1617 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Region of Chelae, northeast of
Carcha, April, 1939, Standley 70417, 70359, 70036. Dept. Izabal:
Los Amates, February, 1908, W. A. Kellerman 7575.

Too many poor species already have been named in this genus,
whose taxonomy is in a somewhat chaotic state and much in need
of careful study. The specimens cited constitute a rather well-
marked entity, apparently worthy of specific rank, and not associable
with any of the published names of Central America and Mexico,
so far as we are able to discover. The relationship is presumably
with X. flexuosum (HBK.) Hemsl., a common species of Guatemala,
but in that the veins always are elevated on both surfaces of the
leaves and normally conspicuous and closely reticulate. The leaf
shape of X. sessile is distinctive, unusually uniform in all the collec-
tions cited, and not matched by any of the numerous specimens of
X. flexuosum.

178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Xylosma trinervium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
ramosus gracilis 1.5-3 m. altus, ramis tortuosis teretibus brunneis,
novellis dense pilis albidis patentibus mollibus pilosulis; folia inter
minora crasse membranacea breviter petiolata, petiolo gracili 3-4
mm. longo dense pilosulo; lamina elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica
prope mediam latissima 4-5.5 cm. longa 2-2.8 cm. lata acuta vel
acuminata, basi cuneato-acuta vel subobtusa e basi manifeste
trinervia, grosse crenata vel crenato-serrulata, utrinque densissime
pilis patentibus griseis velutino-pilosa, nervis lateralibus supra basin
laminae ca. 4-jugis angulo semirecto vel angustiore adscendentibus
valde obliquis; flores dioeci, masculis breviter racemosis, racemis
subterminalibus solitariis subsessilibus dense paucifloris ca. 1 cm.
longis, pedicellis pilosulis; sepala ovalia vel rotundata viridia paullo
ultra 1 mm. longa apice rotundata patentia longiciliata dorso parce
pilosula vel glabra; stamina 7-8 sepalis paullo longiora glabra.—
Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Along Rio Cuilco, between
Cuilco and San Juan, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, August 18, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 50876 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

A well-marked species, noteworthy for the very dense, soft
pubescence of the leaves, which are conspicuously 3-nerved, and for
the racemose inflorescence.

LOASACEAE

Eucnide guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
ramosa, ramis crassis ubique dense viscido-hispidis; folia longi-
petiolata herbacea, petiolo crasso 2.5-5.5 cm. longa densissime bre-
viter viscido-hispido; lamina ambitu rotundata vel ovato-rotundata
5-9 cm. longa 4.5-8.5 cm. lata basi profunde anguste cordata, bre-
viter 5-9-loba, lobis rotundatis undulatis vel undulato-dentatis,
utrinque sat dense hispida; flores numerosi, pedunculis crassis 3-6
cm. longis dense viscido-hispidis; hypanthium obconicum vel late
turbinatum 9 mm. longum 10-12 mm. apice latum dense pilis longis
patentibus hispidum; sepala oblongo-linearia vel anguste lanceolata
3-3.5 cm. longa 5-7 mm. lata longiacuminata extus viscido-hispida;
petala ca. 5.5 cm. longa et fere 2 cm. lata apice rotundata, albido-
viridescentia, extus sparse pilis longis mollibus albis pilosa vel fere
omnino glabra; stamina numerosissima petalis bene longiora ca.
7 cm. longa, antheris 1.5 mm. longis et aequilatis; capsula (perfecta
non visa) ca. 1.5 cm. longa. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango:
On vertical bluffs, northwest of Cuilco, two-thirds the way up

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 179

<

Cerro Chiquihui, above Carrizal, alt. about 2,000 meters, August
17, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50818 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
One other species ofEucnide is known from Guatemala, the small-
flowered E. bartonioides Zucc., which has been collected there but
once, but is rather frequent in Mexico. In the size of its flowers
this new species approaches E. grandiflora Rose of southern Mexico
but that has still larger flowers, with petals fully 7 cm. long, and the
petals are acute or subacute, rather than rounded at the apex.

LENTIBULARIACEAE

Pinguicula clivorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Folia
numerosa rosulata ad terram adpressa obovato-rotundata pallide
viridia in sicco tenuia 18-25 mm. longa 20-22 mm. lata, apice late
rotundata, basi late cuneato-angustata, sessilia, glabra vel supra
pilis paucis laxis conspersa, ciliata, obscure puncticulata; scapi
gracillimi fere filiformes 5-7 cm. longi ut videtur adscendentes vel
decumbentes breviter densiuscule pilosuli; calyx ca. 2.5 mm. longus
sparse glanduloso-pilosulus, lobis valde inaequalibus ovalibus vel
ovali-ovatis apice obtusissimis vel rotundatis, glanduloso-ciliolatis;
corolla pallide lilacina vel albescens 12 mm. longa glabra, labio
majore profunde trilobo, lobis rhombeis vel late obovatis apice
rotundatis, labio minore duplo breviore profunde 2-lobo, calcare
6 mm. longo gracillimo apice subsaccato recto. — Guatemala: Dept.
Huehuetenango: On high bluffs in upper reaches of a barranco above
San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2,400 meters,
August 4, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50061 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.).

Local name "Flor de piedra." Leaves very pale green and thin,
the margins inrolled and uprolled; corolla with a pale green spur,
paler at the base and in the upper two lobes, the remaining parts
whitish; a narrow green crest down the middle lobe. Two other
species of Pinguicula are known from Central America, P. moranen-
sis HBK. with very large, violet or deep purple corollas, and P.
crenatiloba DC., with small white corollas. In flower characters
this plant is somewhat intermediate between these two. The
leaves are very large compared with those of P. crenatiloba, and
similar in size to those of P. moranensis, which has very thick and
fleshy leaves, quite unlike the very thin ones of this new species.

Utricularia adenantha Standl., sp. nov. — U. adenantha Standl.
Field Mus. Bot. 12: 366. 1936, nomen. Subgenus Calpidisca. Herba

180 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

erecta terrestris; folia radicalia pauca subcarnosa obovata vel
spathulata glabra; lamina 3-4 mm. longa apice rotundata, basi in
petiolum aequilongum sensim angustata; scapi 10-15 cm. alti
tenerrimi fere filiformes glabri, nudi vel infra flores bracteis minutis
1-2 remotis onusti, 2-4-flori, parte florifera geniculata; pedicelli
filiformes 3-6 mm. longi; bracteae lanceolato-subulatae sessiles ca.
0.6 mm. longae subulato-acuminatae, bracteolis conformibus sed
duplo brevioribus; calycis lobi ovati obtusi vel subacuti dense
minuteque glanduloso-puberuli; flores parvi albi, corolla extus
ubique minute glanduloso-pubescente, limbo paullo ultra 2 mm. lato;
calcar 2 mm. longum extus glanduloso-pubescens apice subulatum,
orem versus sensim dilatatum. — British Honduras: In swampy
places, at sea level, growing in sandy soil, "very rare," September 2,
in flower, William A. Schipp S-89 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From all the thirteen other species of Utricularia known from
British Honduras and Guatemala this plant is distinguished at once
by its pubescent flowers, which are the smallest produced by any
local member of the genus.

MELASTOMACEAE

Miconia echinoidea Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5
m. altus, ramis gracilibus teretibus densissime hirsuto-tomentosis,
pilis patentibus setiformibus pallide lutescentibus apice dense
breviter stellato-ramosis, petiolis paniculisque similiter indutis,
ramis vetustioribus brunneis; petioli crassiusculi 1-4 cm. longi;
lamina anguste ovata vel lanceolato-ovata 11-17 cm. longa 4-7.5
cm. lata longe anguste acuminata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, 5-
plinervia, nervis interioribus bene supra basin laminae nascentibus,
minute serrulata vel subintegra, supra densissime pilis brevibus lutes-
centibus subpatentibus setoso-hirsuta, subtus lutescenti-viridis dense
pilis mollibus breviter stipitatis stellato-tomentosa; panicula parva
erecta pedunculata vix ultra 4 cm. longa angusta, ramis brevibus
oppositis crassis divaricatis, floribus 5-meris ad apices ramulorum
dense aggregatis; hypanthium campanulatum 2.5 mm. longum basi
obtusum, densissime setulis crassis pallide lutescentibus inferne
sensim incrassatis apice breviter stellato-ramosis indutum; calycis
tubus brevissime productus, sepalis 5 ovato-rotundatis extus setulo-
sis, lobis exterioribus subulatis vel subulato-triangularibus 1.6 mm.
longis suberectis sepalis multo longioribus; petala alba glabra ovali-
obovata 3.5-4 mm. longa reflexa apice rotundata vel obtusissima;
filamenta gracillima glabra 4 mm. longa; antherae inaequales subu-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 181

latae, longiores 3 mm. longae, breviores 2 mm. longae; stylus cras-
siusculus 7 mm. longus prope basin sparse pilosulus, stigmate
punctiformi. — Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Vicinity of Max-
bal, about seventeen miles north of Barillas, Sierra de los Cuchu-
matanes, alt. 1,500 meters, July 15-16, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark
48831 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This and M. tixixensis, although quite distinct species, are
evidently closely related, and of somewhat uncertain position.
The calyx and hypanthium in both are very densely covered with
short stout spreading yellowish hairs, which are very finely stellate-
branched at the tips, so very densely so that the calyx resembles a
small bur. We have not observed such an indument on the calyx
(and hypanthium) in any other Central American species of Miconia.
The much elongate outer calyx lobes found in both species would
place the species in Heterotrichum, a genus of somewhat dubious
standing, but all the species of Heterotrichum of which we have
examined material are quite uniform in general appearance, and very
unlike these two Guatemalan species, which in general aspect are
much like many other Miconia species.

Miconia tixixensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5-
2.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus densissime stellato-tomentosis, pilis
pro parte parvis sessilibus, pro parte inferne incrassatis elongatis
patentibus et apice breviter stellato-ramosis, tomento brunnescente,
petiolis et inflorescentiis similiter indutis; folia subaequalia mem-
branacea graciliter petiolata, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo; lamina lanceo-
lata vel anguste lanceolata 8-12.5 cm. longa 2-3 cm. lata, longe
anguste attenuato-acuminata basin acutam versus sensim angustata,
supra viridis minute denseque scaberula, subtus glaucescens ubique
dense minute pilis sessilibus stellato-puberula, 3-5-plinervia, nervis
exterioribus obscuris et submarginalibus, interioribus alte supra
basin laminae nascentibus; inflorescentia terminalis breviter pedun-
culata pauciflora 2.5 cm. longa, ramis paucis crassis patentibus,
floribus 5-meris ad apices ramulorum aggregatis; hypanthium in
statu fructifero subglobosum 5 mm. longum, densissime echinulato-
setulosum, pilis pallidis rigidis inferne incrassatis apice breviter
stellato-ramosis; lobi exteriores calycis subulati erecti 2.5 mm. longi
densissime ut hypanthium induti. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula:
Cerro Tixixi, three to five miles north of Jocotan, in cloud forest,
alt. 1,500 meters, November 10, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31585
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

182 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Both this and M. echinoidea are represented, unfortunately, only
by rather scant and incomplete material, but both are clearly distinct
from any other melastomes known from Guatemala and it is desirable
to have names for. them. Additional material, if obtainable, will
show that they are exceptionally distinct species, although there is
always the possibility that they have been described from South
America. In few groups of tropical American plants having large
numbers of species do the species show such extreme instances of
discontinuous distribution as in the Melastomaceae, so that the
possibility of identifying these two plants with South American
species is a very real one.

COMPOSITAE

Eupatorium crocodilium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
perennis erecta usque ad 60 cm. alta, caulibus solitariis vel pluribus
simplicibus vel sparse ramosis subteretibus, superne sparse minute
puberulis vel strigillosis, inferne fere glabris, multifoliatis; folia
opposita saepe in axillis fasciculis foliorum reductorum comitata,
graciliter petiolata, firme membranacea, petiolo 1 cm. longo vel
breviore glabro; lamina rhombico-ovata vel oblongo-ovata 2-3 cm.
longa 1-1.5 cm. lata, apicem obtusum versus angustata, basi acuta
vel late cuneata, 3-nervia, remote obscureque crenata, utrinque
glabra; inflorescentia parva fastigiato-trichotoma terminalis longi-
pedunculata, capitulis cymoso-fastigiatis, cymulis 1-3 densis 1.5-2
cm. latis; capitula campanulata lilacina 5 mm. longa, pedicellis usque
ad 4 mm. longis crassiusculis minute puberulis vel strigillosis; phyl-
laria ca. 3-seriata purpurascentia vel viridia, interioribus lineari-
oblongis, apice rotundatis vel obtusissimis et minute apiculatis,
minute puberula vel glabrata ciliolata, extimis brevissimis oblongis
vel ovato-oblongis obtusis vel subacutis; flores ca. 15, corollis glabris
2.3 mm. longis; achaenia glabra nigra 4-angulata paullo ultra 1 mm.
longa; pappi setae numerosae scaberulae albae 2.5 mm. longae.—
Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Swampy places in large valley,
Cie'naga de Lagartero, below Miramar, alt. 300 meters, August 29,
1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51498 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Here may belong also Steyermark 38478, collected near Cristina,
Izabal. The plant is one of mediocre appearance for the genus, and
is evidently related to the very common E. pycnocephalum Less., one
of the most widespread species of Central America. From all its
not very numerous forms that differs in having broad-based leaves
with abundant pubescence.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 183

Eupatorium cupressorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. —
Frutex, ramis plus minusve recurvis teretibus striatis brunnescenti-
bus sat dense villoso-tomentulosis; folia opposita breviter petiolata
firme membranacea, petiolo usque ad 12 mm. longo dense breviter
villoso; lamina ovata, oblongo-ovata vel lanceolato-oblonga, majores
ca. 16 cm. longae atque 11 cm. latae, superiores angustiores, longis-
sime attenuato-acuminata, basi breviter cordata vel late rotundata,
3-nervia, remote serrato-dentata vel repando-denticulata, supra
sparse villosula vel puberula tactu asperula, venulis prominentibus
et minute reticulatis, subtus paullo pallidior ad nervos venasque
villosula, nervis venisque valde prominentibus, venulis prominenti-
bus et arctissime reticulatis; inflorescentia thyrsoidea foliata ca. 22
cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, capitulis numerosis majusculis albis cymosis,
cymulis paucicapitulatis racemosis, pedicellis crassis 4-8 mm. longis
dense tomentulosis, bracteis bracteolisque plerumque linearibus vel
subulatis saepe recurvis; capitula fere 1 cm. longa campanulata;
phyllaria 2-3-seriata lanceolato-linearia, extima paullo breviora,
omnia acuta sat dense pubescentia striata pallida; flores 40 vel
ultra, corolla glabra filiformi-tubulosa involucrum duplo excedente;
achaenia immatura 4-angulata pallida 2 mm. longa ad angulos
hispidula, pappi setis rigidulis lutescenti-albis scaberulis corolla
paullo brevioribus. — Guatemala: Dept. Totonicapan: Moist Cupres-
sus forest, along road between San Francisco El Alto and Momos-
tenango, alt. 2,220-3,000 meters, January 19, 1941, Paul C. Standley
84001 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

A well-marked species of distinctive appearance, not closely
related to any other with which we are familiar. It is noteworthy
for the long narrow thyrsiform inflorescence and for the large short-
petiolate leaves which have three conspicuous nerves that are con-
tinued to the apex of the blade.

Eupatorium jejunum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Annua
erecta gracillima 13-50 cm. alta simplex vel laxe pauciramosa, caule
tereti pallide viridescente dense minute puberulo; folia parva tenuiter
membranacea graciliter longipetiolata laete viridia, petiolo 1-2.5
mm. longo puberulo; lamina ovata, rhombico-ovata vel deltoideo-
ovata 2.5-4 cm. longa 2-4 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi truncata
vel late rotundata, interdum subcordata, 3-nervia, grosse et aequa-
liter crenato-dentata, supra sparsissime pilis brevibus albidis patenti-
bus villosula vel fere glabra, subtus ad nervos venasque plus minusve
puberula; capitula lilacina parva numerosa cymosa, paniculam
magnam laxissimam efformantia, graciliter longipedicellata, pedicel-

184 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

lis 1 cm. longis vel brevioribus puberulis lineari-bracteolatis;
involucrum fere 3 mm. longum campanulatum ; phyllaria aequalia
vel subaequalia pallide viridia linearia acuta costulata glabra; flores
ca. 40 phyllariis aequilongi; corollae glabrae 1.5 mm. longae; achaenia
angusta nigra 1 mm. longa glabra; pappi setae albae paucae deciduae.
—Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Damp thicket, El Barrial, east of
Jutiapa, alt. about 800 meters, October 30, 1940, Paul C. Standley
75788 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Between Jutiapa and Las Tunas,
850-900 meters, Standley 76260. Vicinity of Jutiapa, 850 meters,
Standley 75299. Dept. Chiquimula: Shaded slopes of cafiada along
Rio Playa, near Concepcion de las Minas, 1,200-1,700 meters,
Steyermark 30869. Moist rocky slopes at base of waterfall, Socorro
Mountain, near Concepcion de las Minas, 1,200-1,790 meters,
Steyermark 30892. Dept. Santa Rosa: Rinconcito, 1,200 meters,
Heyde & Lux 4206. Near Cuilapa, 895 meters, Standley 77714.

A small and rather delicate plant, doubtless to be found only
during the wetter months and withering as soon as the rains cease.
Its closest relatives are not obvious. In general appearance it
suggests E. Sinclairii Benth. (with which the Heyde and Lux col-
lection was confused) and E. microstemon Cass., but in both those
species the involucre is imbricate, while in this new species the
phyllaries are all equal or nearly so in length.

Eupatorium macrum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herbacea
vel fruticosa ramosa, ramis gracilibus pallidis teretibus dense brevi-
terque pilosis; folia opposita tenuiter membranacea petiolata, petiolo
gracillimo 1-2.5 cm. longo minute piloso; lamina triangulari-lanceo-
lata vel anguste rhombico-lanceolata 3.5-8.5 cm. longa 1.5-3.5 cm.
lata, longe anguste attenuato-acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi
acuta vel attenuata et ad petiolum longe decurrens, inconspicue
undulato-dentata vel fere omnino integra, bene supra basin laminae
3-plinervia, supra viridis sparse minute puberula, subtus paullo
pallidior densiuscule crispo-pubescens; inflorescentia laxe paniculata
foliata, internodiis valde elongatis, ramis dichotomis gracillimis,
capitulis sessilibus paucis ad apices ramulorum pauci-aggregatis,
fasciculis pro parte sessilibus, pro parte pedunculatis; capitula
cylindracea alba 6 mm. longa 5-flora; phyllaria inaequalia ca.
3-seriata straminea vel pallide viridescentia, interiora lineari-oblonga
apice rotundata vel obtusa et tenuia obscure costulata sublucida,
exteriora pauca brevissima oblongo-ovata acuta glabra ciliolata;
corollae glabrae phyllariis vix longiores; achaenia nigrescentia
1.5 mm. longa dense sursum scaberula, pappi setis albis scaberulis

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 185

corollam fere aequantibus. — Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky
banks, base of Cerro Colorado, along Rio Jocotan, near Jocotan, alt.
400 meters, November 9, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31534 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.). — Honduras: San Pedro Sula, 180^450 meters,
May, 1888, C. Thieme 5334b.

Apparently referable to the section Cylindrocephala, and of the
relationship of E. Lozanoanum Robinson, although not closely
related to that species, in which the glabrous leaves are rounded
at the base. In E. Lozanoanum the axis of the inflorescence is con-
tinuous, while in E. macrum it is repeatedly dichotomous, with a
small cluster of heads in each fork of the branches. The Honduras
specimen apparently was seen by Dr. Robinson, who failed to
recognize it as new, doubtless because the specimen is in poor
condition.

Eupatorium mendax Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herbacea
vel suffruticosa subscandens, ramis gracillimis viridescentibus
teretibus glabris, internodiis elongatis; folia graciliter longipetiolata
membranacea opposita, petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina
ovata vel elliptico-ovata 5-7 cm. longa 2-4 cm. lata longiacuminata
vel caudato-acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, 3-nervia, grosse
remoteque serrato-dentata, infra medium vulgo integra, supra
viridis glabra sublucida, subtus concolor ad nervos pilis paucis albis
inconspicuis conspersa; inflorescentia thyrsoideo-paniculata 10 cm.
longa foliata, bracteis bracteolisque brevibus linearibus vel fere
subulatis, ramis dense laxeque lutescenti-tomentulosis, pedicellis
gracillimis tomentulosis usque 5 mm. longis; capitula numerosa
subdense congesta 7 mm. longa 5-flora viridescenti-alba; involucrum
fere cylindraceum, phyllariis ca. 3-seriatis, interioribus oblongo-
linearibus pallide viridescentibus obtusis costulatis glabris sublucidis,
extimis brevibus ovato-oblongis obtusis ciliatis; corollae glabrae
involucre breviores; achaenia brevia glabra, pappi setis rigidulis
lutescenti-albis. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Slopes of ba-
rrancos along Rio Vega, between San Rafael and the Mexican border,
Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, February 21, 1940,
Julian A. Steyermark 36341 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Although the heads in this species are more or less cylindric
and suggestive of the section Cylindrocephala, the relationship is
evidently with E. leucocephalum Benth., a very common plant of
the Guatemalan mountains. In that, however, the leaves are
relatively much narrower and 3-plinerved and the involucres are
almost pure white, rather than pale green.

186 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Eupatorium mimicum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
gracilis erectus ramosus 1-2.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus teretibus
brunnescentibus vel viridescentibus dense pilis fulvidis vel purpuras-
centibus villosulis vel incurvo-puberulis; folia opposita graciliter
petiolata membranacea, petiolo 1.5-4.5 cm. longo dense tomentu-
loso; lamina deltoidea, rhombico-deltoidea vel ovato-deltoidea 3.5-8
cm. longa 2-5 cm. lata acuminata vel longiacuminata, basi truncata
vel late rotundata 3-nervia, grosse inaequaliter crenata vel crenato-
dentata, supra viridis sparse pilis pallidis crassis plurilocularibus
villosula, subtus fere concolor ad nervos tomentulosa, ad nervos
venasque vulgo sparse villosula minute glanduloso-puncticulata;
inflorescentiae terminales cymoso-paniculatae vel subthyrsoideae
foliatae vix ultra 6 cm. longae, bracteis linearibus vel fere subulatis
paucis, capitulis paucis vel numerosis laxe cymoso-aggregatis, pedi-
cellis gracilibus elongatis dense puberulis vel tomentulosis; capitula
albida vel viridi-lutescentia 7-8 mm. longa ca. 8-flora; involucrum
anguste campanulatum floribus duplo brevius, phyllariis subaequali-
bus ca. 2-seriatis laxe imbricatis lanceolato-linearibus acutis vel
longe acuminatis viridescentibus costulatis dense puberulis et
minute glanduloso-puncticulatis; corolla tubulosa 4 mm. longa
glabra pappo paullo brevior; achaenia nigra angusta 3 mm. longa
dense minute hispidula; pappi setae lutescentes numerosae scaberu-
lae. — Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Damp thicket, region of
Las Nubes, south of San Martin Chile Verde, alt. about 2,250
meters, on white-sand mountain side, January 27, 1941, Paul C.
Standley 85146 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 83662. Region
of Boxantin, southeast of San Martin Chile Verde, 2,400 meters,
Standley 83728. Damp dense forest, La Shuya, southwest of San
Martin Chile Verde, 1,620 meters, Standley 67867. Slopes of Volcan
de Zunil near Aguas Amargas, 2,450-2,850 meters, Standley 65439.
Aguas Amargas, 2,450 meters, Standley 83329. Dept. San Marcos:
Rio Vega, Volcan de Tacana, 2,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 36360.
Between Tajumulco and Tecutla, 1,800-2,500 meters, Volcan de
Tajumulco, Steyermark 36815.

This is a close ally of E. Coulteri Robinson, also Guatemalan,
but apparently this is a distinct species, and the two have different
ranges inside Guatemala. E. Coulteri differs from the present plant
in having smaller heads, and leaves puberulent or scaberulous on the
upper surface or nearly glabrous, rather than sparsely villosulous.

Eupatorium plethadenium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.—
Frutex vel arbuscula 1-9-metralis, sat dense ramosa, ramis crassis

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 187

6-angulatis brunnescentibus vel fuscis, novellis sparse minute
adpresso-tomentulosis vel fere omnino glabris; folia opposita in
sicco subcoriacea petiolata, petiolo crasso 7-18 mm. longo glabro
vel glabrato; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste elliptico-oblonga
7-13 cm. longa 3-5 cm. lata acuminata vel acuta, basi acuta vel
acuminata, ima basi saepe late revoluta, penninervia, remote
adpresso-serrata vel subintegra, in sicco saepe nigrescens, supra
lucida glabra, nervis venisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior
glabra, saepius plus minusve nigro-puncticulata; inflorescentia dense
multicapitata corymbosa convexa vel rotundata foliis vix longior
8-10 cm. lata fastigiato-ramosa, ramis pedicellisque ubique dense
glanduloso-atomiferis vel minute puberulis, interdum glabratis,
pedicellis crassiusculis vel gracilibus usque ad 7 mm. longis, bracteis
bracteolisque conspicuis numerosis linearibus vel subulatis; capitula
anguste campanulata 8-10 mm. longa purpureo-rosea ca. 8-flora;
phyllaria ca. 6 mm. longa pauca subinaequalia, interiora lineari-
oblonga apice rotundata purpurascentia subvernicosa et interdum ob-
scure sparse puberula, extima 1-3 brevissima linearia vel lanceolato-
oblonga, omnia laxe adpressa floribus plus quam duplo breviora;
corollae tubulosae 7 mm. longae glabrae pappo paullo longiores;
achaenia fere nigra 3.5 mm. longa glabra vel obscure minuteque
puberula 4-angulata; pappi setae pallide purpurascentes 6 mm.
longae inaequales leviter scaberulae. — Guatemala: Dept. Chimalte-
nango : In Cupressus forest, region of Santa Elena, Cerro de Tecpam,
alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, December 26, 1938, Paul C. Standley 61100
(type in Herb. Field Mus.); same locality, J. R. Johnston 433,
Standley 60935, 58671. Dept. Solola: Volcan de Toliman, 2,700-
3,100 meters, Steyermark 47598. Dept. Huehuetenango: El Mirador,
at summit of road leading from Huehuetenango to Sierra de los
Cuchumatanes, 3,300 meters, Standley 81884. Above Macx,
between Todos Santos and San Martin, 2,500-3,000 meters, Steyer-
mark 51923. Above San Juan Ixcoy, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
2,400 meters, Steyermark 49983. Between Tojquia and Caxin bluff,
Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3,700 meters, Steyermark 50174.
Between San Mateo Ixtatan and Santa Eulalia, 2,800-3,100 meters,
Steyermark 49932.

In his work upon the genus Eupatorium Dr. Robinson perhaps
would have treated this as only a variety of E. ligustrinum DC., but
to us it appears to be a perfectly distinct local species, of rather
abundant occurrence in the high mountains of central and north-
western Guatemala. It is uniformly distinct from all forms of E.
ligustrinum, as that is represented so abundantly in Mexico and

188 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

Central America, in the greatly reduced pubescence of the inflores-
cences, which consists of dense, sessile or nearly sessile glands. The
heads, too, are larger than in all or most forms of that species and
the leaves, remarkably uniform in all our specimens, have a some-
what distinctive outline, dentation, and general appearance. It
may be remarked here that none of the Central American collections
of this group agree with the type specimen of E. ligustrinum, which
has obtuse and practically or quite entire leaves. The Guatemalan
plant was described asE. semialatum Benth., from Zunil, but it was
reduced, apparently properly, to synonymy under E. ligustrinum.

Eupatorium Rojasianum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
metralis vel paullo humilior perennis gracilis ramosa, ramis teretibus
viridescentibus minutissime sparseque puberulis vel fere glabris
striatis; folia opposita graciliter petiolata membranacea, petiolo
2-5.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina deltoideo-ovata 3.5-7 cm. longa
1.5-4.5 cm. lata, longe anguste attenuato-acuminata, basi sub-
truncata usque rotundo-cuneata, 3-nervia, arete atque aequaliter
serrato-dentata, supra viridis fere glabra, subtus paullo pallidior
fere glabra vel ad nervos vix puberula; capitula alba pauca vel
numerosa 5-flora graciliter pedicellata in cymas parvas ramulos
laterales terminantes aggregata, cymulis laxe paniculatis, pedicellis
sparse minute pilosulis; involucrum cylindraceum 5 mm. longum,
phyllariis pallide viridescentibus ca. 3-seriatis, interioribus anguste
oblongis erectis apice rotundatis et subscariosis glabris, extimis
brevibus adpressis ovali-ovatis obtusis; corollae glabrae graciliter
tubulosae 2.5 mm. longae, fauce vix dilatato; achaenia nigra 1.6
mm. longa glabra, pappi setis albis corollam aequantibus. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Damp thicket, near El Muro, below
Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. about 1,200 meters, March 1, 1939,
Paul C. Standley 67221 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

This, also, is apparently referable to section Cylindrocephala,
and related to E. macrum, described on a preceding page. That has
3-plinerved, very pubescent leaves rather than 3-nerved, almost
glabrous ones. The species is named for Professor Ulises Rojas,
Director of the Jardin Botanico of Guatemala.

Eupatorium salinum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
ramosus, ramis viridescentibus teretibus dense puberulis, ramulis
fere rectangule divaricatis; folia inter minora longipetiolata mem-
branacea opposita, petiolo 8-13 mm. longo dense puberulo vel
breviter villosulo; lamina late triangulari-ovata 3-4.5 cm. longa

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 189

2-3.5 cm. lata apicem obtusum versus paullo angustata, basi fere
truncata vel saepius late cuneata atque abrupte contracta, 3-nervia,
grosse et saepius duplo crenata, utrinque dense pilis subadpressis
griseo-pilosula vel villosula; inflorescentia laxe paniculata foliata,
capitulis dense cymosulis paucis breviter pedicellatis, cymulis
ramulos longos fere nudos laterales terminantibus, pedicellis densis-
sime albido-villosulis; capitula campanulata lilacina 6 mm. longa
ca. 50-flora; phyllaria subaequalia linearia, interiora cuspidato-
acuminata, exteriora longiattenuata, viridescentia, dense puberula
flores fere aequantia; corollae graciles anguste tubulosae fere glabrae
sed ad basin dentium sparse pubescentes setis pappi subaequilongae;
achaenia angusta nigra glabra 1.6 mm. longa, pappi setis lutescenti-
albis.— Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: In shade of bushes in salt flat,
dry plateau in chaparral between railroad station of Mita and town
of Asuncion Mita, alt. 650 meters, November 13, 1939, Julian A.
Steyermark 31775 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In general appearance as well as in most of its detailed characters
this plant is much likeE. azureum DC. of northeastern Mexico.

Eupatorium saxorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Herba
perennis erecta ca. 20 cm. alta, caulibus pluribus simplicibus vel
sparse ramosis sparsissime breviter pilosulis vel fere glabris teretibus
brunnescentibus vel purpurascentibus, inferne sat dense foliatis;
folia parva opposita breviter petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo
crassiusculo 3-5 mm. longo sparse pubescente vel fere glabro;
lamina ovata, deltoideo-ovata vel oblongo-ovata 1-2 cm. longa 6-15
mm. lata, apicem obtusum versus angustata, basi rotundata, 3-
nervia, inconspicue crenato-serrata vel fere integra, supra viridis
minute scaberula vel glabrata, subtus fere concolor ad nervos
venasque strigosa vel fere glabra; capitula pauca ca. 6 mm. longa
longe graciliter pedicellata ad apices caulium cymoso-fasciculata ca.
15-flora, inflorescentiis simplicibus vel e cymulis 3 longipedunculatis
compositis, bracteis linearibus vel subulatis paucis; phyllaria pauca
lanceolato-linearia viridia acuta vel acuminata 2-3-costulata glabra
vel glabrata ciliolata floribus multo breviora; corollae graciles glabrae
3 mm. longae albae; achaenia nigrescentia 2 mm. longa ad angulos
hispidula, pappi setis albidis vel pallide purpurascentibus corolla
paullo brevioribus scaberulis. — Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Dry
shaded rocky slopes, between Sibinal and summit of Volcan de
Tacana, alt. 2,500-4,000 meters, February 19, 1940, Julian A.
Steyermark 36075 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Huehuete-
nango: Open limestone Juniperus forest, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. 23

along road beyond La Pradera, km. 32, about 3,300 meters, Decem-
ber 31, 1940, Standley 81808.

In general appearance this plant looks like a reduced form of E.
pycnocephalum Less, but in that the involucre is several-seriate
rather than having the phyllaries all subequal in length. Its affini-
ties may be rather with E. pazcuarense HBK. of Mexico and Guate-
mala, but that is quite different in general appearance, being a large
coarse plant with large leaves and very numerous heads.

Eupatorium vetularum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Frutex
2-3-metralis ramosus, ramis crassis teretibus striatis brunneis,
novellis dense pilis brunneis plurilocularibus simplicibus vel glandu-
liferis villoso-tomentosis; folia opposita in sicco subcoriacea petiolata,
petiolo crasso 15-18 mm. longo brunneo-tomentoso; lamina elliptico-
oblonga vel ovato-oblonga 8-11 cm. longa 3-4.5 cm. lata acuta, basi
acuta et saepe obliqua, penninervia, grosse serrata vel dentata,
supra viridis puberula vel sparse breviter villosula tactu asperula,
nervis venisque inconspicuis, subtus pallidior ubique sparse villo-
sula, ad costam stipitato-glandulosa, epunctata vel obscure et
minutissime puncticulata; inflorescentia corymbosa dense multi-
capitata convexa interdum 13 cm. lata, ramis fastigiatis dense
villosulis et glanduloso-pilosis, bracteis bracteolisque conspicuis
linearibus vel subulatis, pedicellis brevibus vel elongatis rectis
crassiusculis; capitula 10-12 mm. longa ca. 15-flora pallide rosea
turbinato-campanulata; involucrum ca. 7 mm. longum floribus fere
duplo brevius, phyllariis subaequalibus vel paullo inaequalibus
lanceolato-linearibus subadpressis attenuato-acutis dense stipitato-
glanduliferis et minute villosulis; corolla anguste tubulosa glabra
7 mm. longa pappo paullo vel vix longior; achaenia tenuia fusca
3 mm. longa dense glanduloso-atomif era ; pappi setae longae pallide
purpurascentes. — Guatemala: Dept. Totonicapan: Low damp
thicket, common, region of Chiu Jolom, mountains above Totoni-
capan, on the road to Desconsuelo, alt. 2,800-3,100 meters, January
23, 1941, Paul C. Standley 84404 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept.
Quezaltenango: Volcan de Santo Tomas, 2,500-3,700 meters,
Steyermark 34823 (sterile but probably referable here). Dept.
Chimaltenango: Dense Cupressus forest, Cerro de Tecpam, region
of Santa Elena, 2,700 meters, Standley 58714.

The relationship of this is with E. ligustrinum DC., a common
species of the Guatemalan mountains. In that the heads and
involucres are very much shorter than in E. vetularum and the heads
have less numerous flowers. The description of E. Caeciliae Robin-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS— VI 191

son, based upon a plant from this same region, suggests the present
plant but unless the description is very inaccurate, which is not
likely to be the case, the two plants are quite different. Eupatorium
vetularum is dedicated to the shepherdesses that one often sees
along this stretch of the International Highway of Guatemala, a
dreary region, cold, bleak, and swept by perpetual wind, fog, and
driving rain. These old women probably are kindly and quite
ordinary by nature but in appearance they are most forbidding as
well as unbelievably picturesque. All day long they tend their
sheep, seated on some cold wet bank, swathed in long black flowing
garments of funereal aspect, each of the old crones wearing a wide-
brimmed black hat with a narrow tall peaked crown, just like the
conventional witches pictured in children's story books. They are
one of a great number of improbable and almost unbelievable
things to be seen in Guatemala, away from tourist-infested routes.

Eupatorium zunilanum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. — Suf-
frutescens 60-90 cm. alta sparse laxeque ramosa, caulibus teretibus
viridescentibus dense pilis longis patentibus albidis glanduliferis
villosis, internodiis elongatis; folia opposita longissime petiolata
membranacea, petiolo gracili 2.5-6.5 cm. longo glanduloso-villoso
saepe lamina longiore; lamina deltoidea vel ovato-deltoidea 4-7.5
cm. longa 3-6 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata, basi truncata, 3-nervia,
grosse et fere aequaliter crenata, supra sparse pilosa vel villosula,
subtus fere concolor ubique sparse villosula; inflorescentia corymbi-
formis laxa sparse ramosa ca. 12 cm. alta et aequilata, ramis elon-
gatis, capitulis longipedicellatis laxe cymosis, pedicellis plerumque
1-2 cm. longis sat dense glanduloso-pilosis; capitula pauca alba
10-12 mm. longa campanulata 30-35-flora; phyllaria subaequalia
pallide viridescentia late linearia, acuta et superne scariosa dense
glanduloso-pubescentia, interdum purpurascentia, costulata; corollae
glabrae 5-6 mm. longae involucro vix longiores, fauce sensim dila-
tato; achaenia nigra crassiuscula minutissime puberula vel fere
glabra, pappi setis albis paucis minute scaberulis deciduis. — Guate-
mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,800 meters,
January 22, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34744 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.). Northeastern slopes of barranco of Volcan de Zunil, in
Abies forest, 3,000 meters, Steyermark 34905.

The plant is related perhaps to E. prunellaefolium HBK., a
species found in Guatemala, but that differs conspicuously in habit,
in the smaller heads in a more compact inflorescence, and in the
smaller leaves on relatively short petioles.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA