Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde
Serie A (Biologie)
Herausgeber:
Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart
Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Nr. 617 81S. Stuttgart, 15. 11. 2000
Callionymidae of New Caledonia,
with Remarks on Related Species
and Descriptions of 10 New Species from
New Caledonia, Australia, New Guinea, and
Hawaii (Teleostei)
By Ronald Fricke, Stuttgart
With 35 figures and 2 tables
Summary
The Callionymidae of New Caledonia (including Chesterfield Islands, Grande Terre, and
Loyalty Islands) is revised. A total of 21 species is recorded from the archipelago, including 6
new records: Callionymus brevianalis Fricke, 1983; C. corallinus Gilbert, 1905; C. enneactis
Bleeker, 1879; C. keeleyi Fowler, 1941; C. moretonensis Johnson, 1971; C. pleurostictus Fricke,
1982; C. rivatoni Fricke, 1993; C. scaber McCulloch, 1926 (new record); C. tethys Fricke,
1993; Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858); Synchiropus circularis Fricke, 1984; S. mor-
risoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960; S. novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993; S. ocellatus (Pallas,
1770); S. orstom n.sp.; S. rameus (McCulloch, 1926); S. richeri n.sp.; S. sechellensis Regan, 1908
(new record); S. signipinnis n.sp.; S. splendidus (Herre, 1927); S. springeri Fricke, 1983 (new
record). References to, and museum materials of the species are listed; distributions in New
Caledonia are analyzed. A key to New Caledonian Callionymidae is presented. Callionymus
scaber McCulloch, 1926 is redescribed. A neotype is designated for Callionymus ocellatus
Pallas, 1770. Several new records of callionymid fish species from other areas are included in
the paper.
In addition, Callionymus afilum n.sp., C. bifilum n.sp., C. kailolae n.sp., Synchiropus
grandoculis n.sp., and S. paxtoni n.sp. from Australia, Callionymus zythros n.sp. from Papua
New Guinea, and Synchiropus hawaiiensis n.sp. from the Hawaii Ridge, are described. Cal-
lionymus leucobranchialis Fowler, 1941 is redescribed on the basis of 3 specimens from north-
ern Australia. A checklist of the callionymid fishes of Australia is presented, including 42
species (with 11 new records).
Zusammenfassung
Die Arten der Familie Callionymidae aus Neukaledonien werden revidiert. Das Unter-
suchungsgebiet umfasst die Iles Chesterfield, Grande Terre und die Iles Loyautes. Aus
Neukaledonien sind insgesamt 21 Arten der Familie bekannt (einschließlich 6 Neufunde):
Callionymus brevianalis Fricke, 1983; C. corallinus Gilbert, 1905; C. enneactis Bleeker, 1879;
C. keeleyi Fowler, 1941; C. moretonensis Johnson, 1971; C. pleurostictus Fricke, 1982; C. ri-
2 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
vatoni Fricke, 1993; C. scaber McCulloch, 1926 (neuer Fundort); C. tethys Fricke, 1993;
Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858); Synchiropus circularis Fricke, 1984; S. morrisoni
Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960; S. novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993; S. ocellatus (Pallas, 1770); S.
orstom n.sp.; S. rameus (McCulloch, 1926); S. richeri n.sp.; S. sechellensis Regan, 1908 (neuer
Fundort); S. signipinnis n.sp.; S. plendidus (Herre, 1927); S. springeri Fricke, 1983 (neuer
Fundort). Neukaledonische Literaturzitate und Museumsmaterial aus dem Untersuchungsge-
biet werden aufgelistet; außerdem wird die Verbreitung der Arten in Neukaledonien unter-
sucht. Die Arbeit enthält einen Bestimmungsschlüssel der Callionymidae Neukaledoniens.
Callionymus scaber McCulloch, 1926 wird wiederbeschrieben; für Callionymus ocellatus Pal-
las, 1770 wird ein Neotypus festgelegt. Für mehrere Arten werden neue Fundorte aus anderen
Gebieten beschrieben.
Zusätzlich werden Callionymus afilum n.sp., C. bifilum n.sp., C. kailolae n.sp., Synchiro-
pus grandoculis n.sp. und S. paxtoni n.sp. aus Australien, Callionymus zythros n.sp. aus
Papua-Neuguinea sowie Synchiropus hawatiensis n.sp. vom Hawaii-Rücken erstbeschrieben.
Callionymus leucobranchialis Fowler, 1941 wird aufgrund von 3 Exemplaren aus Nordaus-
tralien wiederbeschrieben. In einer Checkliste der Callionymidae Australiens werden 42
Arten aufgeführt (darunter 11 Neufunde).
Contents
Pr Introduchon sty 2 Me N A en ea ar oN ee ek ee 3
2»,Methods, materials:and acknowledgments" 2... har 2804.00 200205 3
3. Key to New Caledonian species of Callionymidae .....2..: 22 +: seen nennen 8
4. New Caled ontiati.G all iotiy itd eigen ra ars Angelotti sone’ 10
4.1. Callonymus:brevianahs Frick, III masse a ga 10
42. KCallonymus.corallnus Gilbert, 1 Era Tr a LEE 10
4.3. Callionymus enneactis Bleeker, 1879 ......... 0c cece ee eee eee eee eees 12
4.4. Callionymus keeleyi Fowler, 1941 0. ccc caren be anne pepe nenn yet 14
452 Callonymus moretonensis Johnson, 1971 u... arena sea: 16
4.6.Callionymus Dleurostietus Frick, 1922: Pe: m een ee Be ann 18
47a alhonymus FICALOIT TIC KC) Be er Fr DE ee 19
4:3 <Calhonymis scaber, McCulloch 1926 A he an en ans ne rer 20
4:9: Galhonymas tetliys Ecke, 1 III a N re ee RES 24
4.10. Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858) ...:: 2.220 nn 26
4117 Syinchtronus:cucularıs Fricke: 1984, 055, 6459.5 Sint My ee Son EE ne her Pr IR
4.12. Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960 .......... 2.222 222220.. 29
4.13. Synchiropus novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993 ....... eee cece eee naee 29
4:14... Synchiropus ocellatus (Pallas: 1770)". sh 95 Asse eee sea a onde ae desenkes 31
4415,28) nch1F0R0S:07 ION. OS Doth oncaeid ere ee 33
416-"Synchiropus-rameus (McCulloch, 1926) er re ee 38
4 17... 5S VACHINOPUS VEC CPEUNS [ie 8 22 22 eis duce rere, Sore, a nretels 39
4.18.. Synchiropus sechellensis Regan, 1908: si... 564 eee ence onen un ceeien nb 41
AD. Sich inOPUS SIO BIPINITIS INSP. sun ehe aay ane Bee 43
4.20. Synchiropus splendidus (Herre, 1927) ...... 6 cece eee eee eee eee e eet n eee 45
4.21. Synchiropüs;springen Fricke, 1983: un zu. tat ne not be eB nenn as seen et eh 46
5. Related Indo-West Pacific species of Callionymidae .............rar sr 02 48
5:12 Callionymas aflum SP... de eye BASE Ed a naa Cede danken: 48
5.28 CaO Vs VULLUITE DSP x sont A senate Tue tete 52
5.3.2Callıonymus Japenieus ELOULLUY 1, 1.7.82 jeter eee ee eens ee sf Cen Vloee Sige 56
5.4, Allıonymus Ballolae. Pas ne sedate aie, BER, a ee 7
5.5. Callionymus leucobranchialis Fowler, 1941 ....... 0. cece eee nenn 60
5:6. Callionymas ZY RTOS DSP? ar px ecg ende beten 62
5.7. Synchiropus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) ........... cee eee eee eee 66
5,8; Synchiropus. grandocuhs np... HUTS Hat ES ee Se ece 67
5:9, Synchtropusshawalienss IS Parte. ren ER a et, 71
DLO: SVL ITOPUS PANCOTIE ISIN e at Re acs te enone pea 8
Ga Befdteriees ed A A Sak kan EN det 78
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 3
1. Introduction
The French overseas territory of New Caledonia comprises three major groups of
islands, the Iles Chesterfield in the west, the main island “Grande Terre” with a few
small islands towards the north and south, and the Iles Loyaute in the east. The arch-
ipelago is zoogeographically relatively isolated from other island groups of Melane-
sia and from Australia; the islands do not only have a unique land fauna, but also a
high degree of endemism in their marine fauna. This suggests the presence of a for-
mer barrier, but also a long geographical isolation with the survival of relict forms
and a high percentage of subsequent speciation (FRICKE, 1997).
The dragonets of the family Callionymidae are a group of benthic marine fishes,
found in warm and temperate seas from the very shallows to depths of at least 800 m.
Most species live on soft, sandy or muddy substrates. The two largest genera, Cal-
lionymus and Synchiropus, are distributed nearly circumtropical. The Indo-Pacific
species of the family have been revised by FRIcke (1983), who distinguished a total
of 82 species of Callionymus and 27 species of Synchiropus.
The family Callionymidae was not known from New Caledonia until Four-
MANOIR & RIvATON (1979: 417-418) presented a record of a single callionymid fish
found at New Caledonia, Callionymus japonicus. This record was apparently based
on the species Callionymus rivatoni which was described by Fricke (1993). FRICKE
(1981a) recorded Callionymus moretonensis, FRICKE (1981b) Synchiropus ocellatus
from New Caledonia. Fricke (1983) described 2 species (Callionymus enneactis,
Synchiropus rameus) from New Caledonia, FRICKE x BROWNELL (1993) recorded
Callionymus corallinus on the basis of a single specimen. FRICKE (1993) revised the
Callionymidae of New Caledonia for the first time, recording a total of 13 species in-
cluding three new species (Callionymus rivatoni, C. tethys, Synchiropus novaecale-
doniae). KuLsıckt et alii (1994) recorded Synchiropus circularis Fricke, 1984 and S.
morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960 from the Chesterfield Bank. This brings the
total number of callionymid fishes hitherto known from New Caledonia up to 15.
Recent investigations of the New Caledonian ichthyofauna, mostly by I.R.D.
Nouméa (M. Kutsicxt, B. RICHER DE FORGES, J. Rtvaton) and by foreign collec-
tors (J. E. RanDaLL, BPBM, Honolulu; R. WINTERBOTTOM, Toronto, Canada; also
the author of the present paper) resulted in a large quantity of additional material.
Six additional species are recorded from New Caledonia in the present paper, in-
cluding three new species (Tab. 1). In addition, closely related species from Aus-
tralia, New Guinea, and Hawaii are described. A revised checklist of Australian Cal-
lionymidae (Tab. 2) is presented.
2. Methods, materials and acknowledgements
Methods
Methods follow Fricke (1983). The standard length (measured from the middle of the up-
per lip to the posterior margin of the hypural plate) is abbreviated as SL.
4 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE
Tab. 1. Checklist of New Caledonian Callionymidae. New records are printed in bold face.
Species
Callionymus brevianalis Fricke, 1983
Callionymus corallinus Gilbert, 1905
Callionymus enneactis Bleeker, 1879
Callionymus keeleyi Fowler, 1941
Callionymus moretonensis Johnson, 1971
Callionymus pleurostictus Fricke, 1982
Callionymus rivatoni Fricke, 1993
Callionymus scaber McCulloch, 1926
Callionymus tethys Fricke, 1993
Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858)
Synchiropus circularis Fricke, 1984
Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960
Synchiropus novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993
Synchiropus orstom n.sp.
Synchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770)
Synchiropus rameus (McCulloch, 1926)
Synchiropus richeri n.sp.
Synchiropus sechellensis Regan, 1908
Synchiropus signipinnis n.sp.
Synchiropus splendidus (Herre, 1927)
Synchiropus springeri Fricke, 1983
First record
from New Caledonia
FRICKE, 1993
FRICKE & ZAISER
BROWNELL, 1993
FRICKE, 1983
FRICKE, 1993
FRICKE, 1981a
FRICKE, 1993
FRICKE, 1993
present paper
FRICKE, 1993
RivaTON et alii, 1989
KuLBICKI et alii, 1994
KuLBICKI et alii, 1994
FRICKE, 1993
present paper
FRICKE, 1981b
FRICKE, 1983
present paper
present paper
present paper
Whitley, 1961
present paper
Ser. A, Nr. 617
Tab. 2. Checklist of Australian Callionymidae (new records are printed in bold face). — States
and areas: ACT Australian Commonwealth Territory (Jervis Bay); - CJ Christmas Is-
land; - CK Cocos Keeling Islands; - CS Coral Sea; - LHI Lord Howe Island; — NJ
Norfolk Island; - NT Northern Territory; - NSW New South Wales; - QLD Queens-
land; — SA South Australia; — VC Victoria; — TAS Tasmania; - WA Western Australia.
CAAB
Code!)
Species
Anaora tentaculata
Gray, 1834
Callionymus afilum n.sp.
37 427045
37 427008
Callionymus annulatus 37 427016
Weber; 1913
Callionymus australis
Fricke, 1983
Callionymus belcheri belcheri
Richardson, 1844
Callionymus bifilum n.sp.
37 427013
37 427011
37 427038
Callionymus brevianalis 37 427039
Fricke, 1983
Callionymus calcaratus
Macleay, 1881
37 427015
Callionymus corallinus
Gilbert, 1905
Australian
States
WA?)
WA, NT, QLD
QLD
WA
WA, NT, QLD
WA, NT
QLD
WA, SA, VIC,
NSW, ACT, LH,
NI
QLD»)
Reference/
description
present
paper
present
paper
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
present
paper
FRICKE,
1990
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
Tab. 2, continued.
Callionymus delicatulus
Smith, 1963
Callionymus draconis
Nakabo 1977
Callionymus enneactis
Bleeker, 1879
Callionymus filamentosus
Valenciennes in Cuvier &
Valenciennes, 1837
Callionymus goodladi
(Whitley, 1944)
Callionymus grossi
Ogilby, 1910
Callionymus kailolae n.sp.
Callionymus keeleyi
Fowler, 1941
Callionymus leucobranchialis
Fowler, 1941
Callionymus limiceps
Ogilby, 1908
Callionymus macdonaldi
Ogilby, 1911
Callionymus meridionalis
Suwardji, 1965
Callionymus moretonensis
Johnson, 1971
Callionymus pleurostictus
Fricke, 1982
Callionymus russelli
Johnson, 1976
Callionymus scaber
McCulloch, 1926
Callionymus sphinx
Fricke & Heckele, 1984
Callionymus sublaevis
McCulloch, 1926
Dactylopus dactylopus (Bennett
in Cuvier & Valenciennes,
1837)
Diplogrammus goramensis
(Bleeker, 1858)
Diplogrammus xenicus (Jordan
& Thompson, 1914)
Synchiropus australis
(Nakabo & McKay, 1989)
Synchiropus calauropomus
(Richardson, 1844)
Synchiropus claudiae
Fricke, 1990
Synchiropus grandoculis n.sp.
37 427037
37 427017
37 427018
37 427040
37 427006
37 427007
37 427041
37 427046
37 427012
37 427023
37 427019
37 427003
37 427021
37 427022
37 427036
37 427024
37 427010
37 427005
37 427026
37 427027
37 427029
37 427001
37 427042
37 427043
WA
WA
WA, NT, QLD
WA?)
WA
WA, NT, QLD
WA
NT
WA, QLD))
QLD, NSW
NT, QLD, NSW
WA, NT, QLD
NT®, QLD,
NSW
NT, QLD
NT, QLD, NSW
QLD, NSW,
LHI
NT
WA, NT, QLD
WA, NT, QLD,
NSW
CK, WA, QLD,
NI
WA
QLD, NSW?
QLD, NSW, ACT,
VIC, TAS, SA, WA
QLD»)
WA
FRICKE,
1983
NAKABO et
alii, 1992
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
present
paper
RUSSELL &
Houston,
1989
present
paper
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
present
paper
FRICKE &
HECKELE,
1984
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1983
NAKABO &
McKay,
1989
FRICKE,
1983
FRICKE,
1990
present
paper
6
STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Tab. 2, continued.
Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz 37 427031 WA, QLD FRICKE,
in Schultz et ali1,1960 1983
Synchiropus occidentalıs 37 427033 WA FRICKE,
Fricke, 1983 1983
Synchiropus ocellatus 37 427032 WA, QLD, NSW Fricke,
(Pallas, 1770) 1983
Synchiropus papilio 37 427014 WA, SA, VIC, FRICKE,
(Gunther, 1864) TAS, ACT®), NSW, 1983
QLD”)
Synchiropus paxtoni n.sp. 37 427044 WA present
paper
Synchiropus phasis 37 427002 WA, SA, VIC, FRICKE,
(Gunther, 1880) TAS, NSW 1981b
Synchiropus rameus 37 427009 WA, NT, QLD, FRICKE,
(McCulloch, 1926) NSW!°) 1983
Synchiropus splendidus 37 427034 WA, QLD FRICKE,
(Herre, 1927) 1983
anal Tab. 2)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
) Codes for Australian Aquatic Biota; see YEARSLEY, Last & Morris (1997). Additional
codes were provided by G. YEARSLEY (personal communication, 3 May 2000).
New record from WA based on NTM S.12309-011 (1 specimen, 39.7 mm SL; Western
Australia, Timor Sea, east of West Island, Ashmore Reef, 12°15'S 123°00'E, 0-0.5 m depth;
H. Larson; 17 Sep. 1987). Another new record of Anaora tentaculata from Papua New
Guinea; based on NTM S.13680-024 (2 specimens, 17.2-22.0 mm SL; Madang, 05°09'S
145°48'E, 0-1.5 m depth; H. Larson; 18 Aug. 1992).
New record from Australia, based on NTM S.13595-010 (1 specimen, 13.5 mm SL; reef S
of Triangle Reef, 10°34.48'S 143°55.28'E, 14-15 m depth; H. Larson et alii; 16 Jan. 1993.
New record from Australia, based on CSIRO 4203 (1 specimen; Western Australia, off
Port Hedland, 19°41.4'S 118°08.1'E, 52 m depth; C.S.I.R.O.; 1983).
New record from Australia; see redescription above (5.5.).
New record from Northern Territory based on SMNS 12172 and SMNS 12173 (specimens
listed above in description of C. moretonensis, 4.5.).
New record from New South Wales, based on AMS 1.37472-001 (1 male, 88.4 mm SL;
New South Wales, off Newcastle, 62-70 m depth, 32°54'S 151°59'E — 32°53'S 152°00'E;
FRV “Kapala”; 29 Mar. 1995). — Two additional specimens collected east of Dunk Island,
Queensland: NTM S.11770-005 (1 specimen, 118.9 mm SL; 256-260 m depth; H. Larson;
16 Jan. 1985); - NTM S.11756-013 (1 specimen, 130.3 mm SL; 298-300 m depth; H. Lar-
SON and party; 11 Jan. 1986).
New record from Australia, based on Queensland specimens (ANSP 170860, 1 specimen,
11.6 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, off W tip of S edge of E half of reef, 15°45'S 145°42'E; J.C.
TYLER & C. L. SMITH; 6 Jan. 1969. - ANSP uncat., 1 specimen, 12.7 mm SL; Endeavour
Reef, 1/2 mile E of Cook wreck site at S edge of W portion of E half of reef, 15°45'S
145°42'E, 14-20 m depth; J. C. Tyler & C. L. Smrru; 11 Jan. 1969. - ANSP uncat., 1 spec-
imen, 10.2 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, 3/4 mile NW of Cook wreck site, 15°45'S 145°42'E,
2-5 m depth; J. C. TyLer & C. L. Smiru; 16 Jan. 1969. - NTM S.11898-012, 1 female,
29.7 mm SL; Lizard Island, 14°40'S 145°28'E, 3 m depth; H. Larson x B. GOLDMAN; 15
Feb. 1977).
New record from Queensland, based on AMS 1.20990-056 (3 specimens; Yonge Reef,
14°51'S 145°16'E, 6-12 m depth D. F. HoEsgE; 2 Dec. 1978).
New record from A.C.T., based on SMNS 14779 (5 specimens; Jervis Bay, at Bristol Point,
35°08'20''S 150°44'40''E, 0-3 m depth; R. Fricke & T. TRNsk1; 12 May 1993).
10) New record from New South Wales, based on AMS 1.26312-010 (1 female, 63 mm SL; NE
of Yamba, 29°25'S 153°30'E — 29°18'S 153°30'E, 49-54 m depth; FRV “Kapala”; 22 May
1986).
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA /
Materials
For the present study, fish specimens deposited in the following institutions were exam-
ined:
AMS The Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia;
ANSP The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, U.S.A.;
BMNH Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain [formerly British Museum
(Natural History)];
BPBM _ Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, U.S.A.;
BSKU _ Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Japan;
BSMP _ Philippine Bureau of Sciences, Manila, Philippines;
CAS California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, U.S.A.;
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of
Fisheries Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;
FAKU Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;
HUMZ _ Hokkaido University, Museum of Zoology, Hakodate, Japan;
KFRS Kanudi Fisheries Research Station, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea;
MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France;
NMNZ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand (former-
ly Dominion Museum, then National Museum of New Zealand);
NSMT-P National Science Museum (Natural History), Tokyo, Japan;
NTM Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, Darwin, Northern Territory,
Australia;
QM Queensland Museum, Brisbane;
RMNH Nationaal Naturhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His-
torie), Leiden, The Netherlands;
ROM Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada;
RUSI J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South
Africa;
SMNS Staatliches Museum fiir Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany;
USNM National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.,
U.S.A,;
WAM Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia;
ZIM Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Ger-
many;
ZISP Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (formerly ZIL);
ZMB Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany;
ZSI Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India.
Acknowledgments
This study was made possible by the generous assistance of M. KuLsick1, B. RICHER DE
FORGES & J. RtvaTon (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, formerly O.R.S.T.O.M.,
Nouméa, New Caledonia), who sent their callionymid fish materials to the author of the pre-
sent paper and provided valuable information. The following colleagues gave access to mate-
rials under their care, or sent specimens on loan: D. F. Hose, J. F. Leis, M. MCGROUTHER, J.
PaxTON, S. READER, T. TRNskI (AMS, Sydney); D. A. Dacıt (née Didier) (ANSP, Philadel-
phia); A. C. Girt (BMNH, London); W. N. EscHMeyer, T. Iwamoto, P. M. Sonopa (CAS,
San Francisco); A. GRAHAM, P. Last, I. S. R. Munro (CSIRO, Hobart); T. NakaBo (FAKU,
Kyoto); K. Amaoxa (HUMZ, Hakodate); J. Paska (KFRS, Port Moresby); M.-L. BAUCHOT,
M. DESOUTTER, G. DUHAMEL, J.-C. HUREAU (MNHN, Paris); C. D. PauLin, C. D. ROBERTS,
A. L. STEwart (NMNZ, Wellington); K. Matsuura (NSMT-P, Tokyo); H. K. Larson, R.
WirLıams (NTM, Darwin); R. J. McKay (QM, Brisbane); M. BorsEman, M. J. P. van OIJEN
(RMNH, Leiden); R. WINTERBOTTOM (ROM, Toronto); P. C. HEEMSTRA (RUSI, Graham-
stown); J. FINAN, S. JEWETT, G. D. JoHnson, K. MurPHY, L. PALMER, D. SMITH, V. G.
SPRINGER, J. T. WırLıams (USNM, Washington D.C.); G. R. ALLEN, B. HurcHms (WAM,
Perth); H. Witkens (ZIM, Hamburg); P. K. Tawar (ZSI, Calcutta). P. Corn (Port Mores-
by, Papua New Guinea), S. Moss (Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.), J. T. Moyer (Tokyo, Japan), R.
F. Myers (Guam, U.S.A.), N. SIncLarr (Perth, Western-Australia) and R. STEENE (Cairns,
8 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Queensland, Australia) kindly donated callionymid fish specimens which were used in the
present study. R. Yın (La Jolla, California, U.S.A.) sent an underwater photo of Synchiropus
circularis from Sabah, Malaysia. G. YEARSLEY (Hobart, Tasmania, Australia) kindly provided
CAAB codes for the additional Australian callionymid taxa. C. PETRINOS (Athens, Greece)
sent a photo of Synchiropus morrisoni for identification that represents a new record of the
species for Indonesia.
This revisionary study was partially supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsge-
meinschaft (No. FR 775/2-1; No. FR 775/6-1; No. FR 775/14-1; No. FR 775/17-1).
3. Key to New Caledonian species of Callionymidae
1a Operculum with a free flap of skin; sides of body with a ventrolateral fold of skin below
the: lateral lines, rm ern: Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858)
1b Operculum without a free flap of skin; sides of body without a ventrolateral fold of skin
below the lateral line. „nn Hrn vec Ps ask tions eos MF Bee IM u Pas hese ae eA A ae 2
2a Soft dorsal fin rays branched; preopercular spine without an antrorse spine at its base (ex-
cept Synchiropus rameus and S. sechellensis, which have the first dorsal fin very high but
without filaments, first spine more than 2.5 times in first ray of second dorsal fin) (genus
SVCD OPUS) Sco Sees a N ee es ete ie Rican Be Nace JAW JOS ie a eee, ena Om 3
2b Soft dorsal fin rays unbranched except the last which is divided at its base; preopercular
spine base with an antrorse spine at its base; if first dorsal fin not filamentous, less than 2
times longer than first spine of second dorsal fin ............. (genus Callionymus) 13
3a Preopercular spine base with an antrorse spine........ 1. eee e eee eee eens 4
3b: Preopercular spine base without an antrorse spine u. nn. ee dee dee eee eae 5
4a Main tip of preopercular spine upcurved, dorsal margin with 2 large curved points .....
PET HEE DIR. DE RESP. KO AED. DRERSBCE RG HERRN ORRS A ARTE Synchiropus sechellensis Regan, 1908
4b Main tip of preopercular spine straight, dorsal margin with 4-11 small antrorse serrae ..
BER EEE RÜEN I REN Ak hey TE EEE ER BIER Synchiropus rameus (McCulloch, 1926)
5a Dorsal margin of preopercular spine with 2-5 curved points (additional to the main tip)
5b Dorsal margin of preopercular spine with 1 curved point (additional to the main tip) .9
6a. Peéctoralfin- with. 28-35irayse. es. 8.22 2.2 Synchiropus splendidus (Herre, 1927)
6b “Pectoral fintwith, 18—P5erayie. «vy se wk ay ate seen ceil cetera tines ee eet eee ee 7
7a Dorsal margin of preopercular spine with 2 curved points (additional to the main tip) . 8
7b Dorsal margin of preopercular spine with 3-4 curved points (additional to the main tip)
et eet ees ees Core ee ee Synchiropus springeri Fricke, 1983
8a Sides of body with large, circular, light blotches which are surrounded by a dark line ...
er Tt WT ee ee LON ee We Ry teen, Synchiropus circularis Fricke, 1984
8b Body colouration not as described in 6a; usually reddish, with starry pattern on the sides
consisting of median dark and ventral white spots .+....4.c.2 ees rennen en
settee AEM) OR SBR iad Cues ee es Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960
9a Main tip-of preopercularspine straight |. 2. nr oS Sees lea Petes atl felts. os ats 10
9b: Maurtip of preopercular spine upcurved «i. ands cent aetna edhe gets Ets 11
10a Eye large, its diameter 1.9-2.0 in head; first dorsal fin in male with 1 filament; first dorsal
fınpalein- malen 2or es hor En cece ee} Synchiropus signipinnis n.sp.
10b Eye medium, its diameter 2.1-2.8 in head; first dorsal fin in male with 3 filaments; first
dorsal fin striped in male... ..... 22... + Synchiropus novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993
11a Body brown, sides with starry blotches; D; brown in male, with 4 ocelli .............
DEEP Meee RO ne a N BEE Rn ie Synchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770)
11b Body pale or reddish; colouration of D, different from 11a, fin at most with a single dark
bloteht os cee lias den Man 1 Da ty etre eet raed ne on I FE RL a 12
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 9
12a Eye large, diameter 1.7—2.1 in head; first dorsal fin without filament; caudal fin in male
wirhmedian-tläments Se. de Mah Fe peste Nea Synchiropus richeri n.sp.
12b Eye medium, diameter 2.1-2.5 in head; first dorsal fin with filament; caudal fin without
median dalainienitss. ls teeta gle Os, nn nn Eh hr Synchiropus orstom n.sp.
13a Main tip of preopercular spine straight, dorsal margin with small antrorse serrae .... 14
13b Main tip of preopercular spine upcurved, dorsal margin with 1 or more large curved
POUNES in ae A an Tu Eee En ss te I BL RE ea ER 21
143 DatotalO=rays: A tataleS Pay Sen. EEE da 15
14135. totall7—Siraysre LOtalGa AD AVE 20 Bene rn set Mino ee Ged ach | Mee anne acs sons ess 20
15a D, with 1 to 4 filaments, urogenital papilla visible ............ 0.0... c cece ee eee 16
15b D, without filaments, urogenital papilla not visible ...............22222ccccesen. 18
163: Di with AHllaments na towns ote Brot kes Callionymus scaber McCulloch, 1926, male
16b-D i withsl OF Hammer ER ee A 17
17a D, with 1 filament (1st spine); first dorsal fin mottled with dark, no lines, with an ocellus
surrounding the distal part of the third spine; thorax with a faint brown spot, but with-
oütsurroundnglines eek. eerste eis cteneltes Callionymus rivatoni Fricke, 1993, male
17b D, with 3 filaments (1st to 3rd spines); D; with narrow oblique dark lines, 2nd membrane
distally with a small dark spot close to 2nd spine, no ocellus; thorax with a dark spot sur-
rounded by lines extending on the membrane between pelvic and pectoral fins ........
BAM © mS NEE Br ER U ER a See N Callionymus tethys Fricke, 1993, male
184. Caudal fin length 1.62 2.10 SL. „u... tek nr a er en ee Fr ers 19
18b Caudal fin length 2.4-3.6 inSL .............. Callionymus tethys Fricke, 1993, female
19a Ventral margin of preopercular spine concave, dorsal margin with 7-12 small antrorse
serrae; distal half of anal fin blackish ..... Callionymus scaber McCulloch, 1926, female
19b Ventral margin of preopercular spine straight, dorsal margin with 4-7 small antrorse ser-
rae; distal one-fifth of anal fin blackish ..... Callionymus rivatoni Fricke, 1993, female
20a D; vi,1; A v,1; 2-4 small antrorse serrae on the dorsal margin of the preopercular spine .
EEE Gen ced neces Sagi ORL CPT Ie, pial ta dha BE ese Callionymus brevianalis Fricke, 1983
20b D; vii,1; A vi,1; 7-14 small antrorse serrae on the dorsal margin of the preopercular spine
ne MATA EL LE «pe ERA Bl, Callionymus pleurostictus Fricke, 1982
21a Dorsal margin of preopercular spine with a small antrorse barb and 1-2 large curved
points; first dorsal fin with a large ocellus on second and third membranes ............
Be on te tna eee atch oth cat TR SEY SF Callionymus moretonensis Johnson, 1971
21b Dorsal margin of preopercular spine without an antrorse barb; dorsal fin without a large
BCE (Una re a ee ee SG ape Pan P+ aay eee oe Oe A 22
22a D> vii,1; A vi,1; cheeks with 2 vertical ocellate black streaks 2.0.0.0... 000. c ee eee ee
citar: Ree Set Len AE Sonate note ater Ba Callionymus enneactis Bleeker, 1879
22b D> viii,1; A vii,1; cheeks without vertical ocellate streaks ............ 0c cece eee 23
23a First dorsal fin with two long filaments; caudal fin elongate; body depth 7-10 in SL ....
Ere hist A ee de hdc a yeh este te arts aca eRe ae Callionymus keeleyi Fowler, 1941
23b First dorsal fin high in males; low in females, without filaments; caudal fin distally round-
ed; body depth 4.5-6.0 in SL ................:. Callionymus corallinus Gilbert, 1905.
10 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
4. New Caledonian Callionymidae
4.1. Callionymus brevianalis Fricke 1983
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427039
Callionymus (Calliurichthys) brevianalis Fricke, 1983: 323-328, fig. 98 (West Irian Jaya,
Hawaii Island, 00°49'48''S 130°56'48''E, 0-6 m depth; holotype: USNM 243038). —
aoe 1990: 9-13, fig. 5 (Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Motupore Island, 6-7 m
epth).
Callionymus brevianalis: FRICKE, 1993: 364 (New Caledonia).
Pseudocalliurichthys brevianalis: NAKABO, SENOU & Aızawa, 1998: 454-455 (in comparison
with P. ikeda:).
Material
Total: 19 specimens (including 3 specimens listed by FRicKE, 1983, 1990).
Material from the study area. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Bank: MNHN 1993-0118, 1
specimen; 20°36'54''S 162°51'12''E, R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.856; 12 Jan. 1987. - SMNS 12521,
1 specimen; same data as MNHN 1993-0118.
New Caledonia, Récifs de Entrecasteaux: SMNS 12522, 1 specimen; 18°05'12''S 162°55'E,
39m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.440b; 27 Feb. 1985. - SMNS 12524, 1 specimen;
18°03'36''S 162°55'36''E, 36-37 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.441; 27 Feb. 1985. - SMNS
12527, 1 specimen; 18°30'12''S 163°09'48''E, 35-36 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.454; 28
Feb. 1985. - SMNS 21309, 2 specimens, 15.4-16.8 mm SL; 18°23'48''S 163°06'36''E, 41-42 m
depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 460; 1 Mar. 1985.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 12523, 1 specimen; 20 km W Nouméa, 22°17'12''S
166°17'06''E, 25 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.42; 24 May 1984. - SMNS 12525, 1 speci-
men; Baie de Saint-Vincent, 55 km WNW Noume&a, 21°57'24''S 165°59'54''E, 0-1 m depth;
M. Kutsicxi, R/V “Alis”; 26 Mar. 1990. - SMNS 12526, 1 specimen; 20 km NE Pam,
20°14'16''S 164°23'06''E, 35-40 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.900, 14 Jan. 1987. -SMNS
21323, 1 specimen, 20.8 mm SL; 22°27'36''S 166°24'54''E, 15 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGESs,
R/V “Vauban”, Cruise LAGON, St. 64; 20 Aug. 1984. - SMNS 22119, 1 specimen; SW coast,
Province Sud, SE side of baie de Pritzbue, at Bouraké, rocks N of boat landing, 21°57'32''S
165°59'20''E, 0-2.5 m depth; R. Fricke; 23 May 2000.
Comparison material. Australia, Queensland: ANSP uncat., 1 specimen, 15.2 mm SL;
Endeavour Reef, 1/2 mile E of Cook wreck site at S edge of W portion of E half of reef,
15°45'S 145°42'E , 14-20 m depth; J. C. TyLer & C. L. SMITH; 11 Jan. 1969.
Vanuatu: AMS 1.37929-050, 3 specimens, 10.1-16.1 mm SL; Ureparapara Island, Lorup Bay,
near top of island, 13°32.26'S 167°20.30'E; M. MCGROUTHER et alii; 21 May 1997.
Distribution
New Caledonia (Grande Terre) and Chesterfield Bank (Fig. 1). The species was
collected at depths of 1-40 m. Outside the area around New Guinea and Queens-
land/Australia (new record), east to Vanuatu (new record).
4.2. Callionymus corallinus Gilbert, 1905
Callionymus corallinus Gilbert, 1905: 649-650, fig. 251 (Avau Channel between Maui and
Lanai Islands, Hawaiian Islands; 32-37 fms/58-68 m; holotype: USNM 51581). — Jor-
DAN & SEALE, 1906: 415 (Hawaii; on GILBERT). — Fow.er, 1928: 423 (on GILBERT). —
Fow er, 1938: 299 (on GILBERT). — Fricke, 1993: 364 (New Caledonia). — RANDALL,
EARLE, PYLE, PARRISH & Hayes, 1993: 385, fig. 74 (Midway Atoll).
Callionymus (Callionymus) corallinus: FRICKE, 1983: 742-745, fig. Al (Oahu, Makua, Hawai-
ian Islands, 27 m depth). — FRICKE x ZAISER BROWNELL, 1993: 7-9, fig. 3 (Izu Islands,
Japan; Hawaiian Islands; New Caledonia; 12-58 m depth; 30 specimens examined).
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) kiyoae (part): FRICKE & ZAISER, 1983: 122 (Hachijo-jima, Japan).
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 11
Figs 1-2.
Geographical distribution of Callionymus species in New Caledonian waters. - 1.
C. brevianalis (above); — 2. C. corallinus (below).
12 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Paradiplogrammus corallinus: NaxaBo, 1991a: 249-253, figs. 1-3 (Hachijo-jıma, Japan;
Hawaiian Islands).
Synchiropus corallinus: RANDALL, 1996: 151, 2 colour photos [Hawai'i and Japan, in 39-400
feet (12-122 m)]. - Ranpa tt, 1999: 196-198, pl. 1 E, F (Hawaiian Islands).
Material
Total: 34 specimens (including 30 specimens listed by FRICKE, 1983; FRICKE & ZAISER
BROWNELL, 1993).
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Bank: SMNS 21301, 1 specimen, 22.4 mm SL; southeastern
Chesterfield Bank, 21°49'42''S 159°30'18''E, 50m depth; R/V “Vauban”, Cruise GOL-
LONA, St. 1205; 22 Oct. 1985.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 12270, 1 female, 20.8 mm SL - 40 km SSE Nouméa,
22°31'S 166°29.7'E, 22 m; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.83; 21 Aug. 1984. - SMNS 21244, 1 male,
30.8 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, southwest of Koumac, 20°18'18''S 164°32'15''E, 26 m
depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, R/V “Vauban”, St. 892; 14 Jan. 1987.
Comparison material (additional to that listed by FRICKE & ZAISER BROWNELL, 1993).
Australia, Queensland: NTM S.13595-010, 1 specimen, 13.5 mm SL; reef S of Triangle Reef,
10°34.48'S 143°55.28'E, 14-15 m depth; H. Larson et alii; 16 Jan. 1993.
Hawaiian Islands: SMNS 19596, 1 specimen; off Aina Haina, Oahu Island, 21°16'30''N
157°45'30''W, 25 m depth; J. E. RANDALL; 12 Sep. 1967.
Tonga: USNM 337958, 1 specimen; Ha'apai Group, Uoleva Island on W side, 19°50'07''S
174°25'19''W, 18-23 m depth; J. T. WıLLıams et alii; 9 Nov. 1993.
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Bank, new record); New Caledonia (Grande Terre) (Fig.
2). Outside the area, western and central Pacific, southeast to Tonga (new record);
Midway Atoll and Hawaiian Islands; Izu Islands/Japan; Saipan/Northern Marianas.
New records from Australia (Queensland) and Mariana Islands. The species found
at depths of 12-58 m.
Habitat
Miyake-jima, Japan: On a substrate of mixed volcanic and coral sand, broken
shells, and rubble, with low relief and no algal cover (rarely on pure sand); 15-16 m
depth (rarely at 12-18 m). Hawaii: On coral rubble; 25-58 m depth. New Caledonia:
On coral rubble; 22-50 m depth.
Remarks
The taxonomic position of this species is not clear, as it shows characters interme-
diate between Callionymus and Synchiropus. The record from Saipan is based on a
photograph by R. F. Myers (Guam) taken at 15 m depth at Hiro Kimura in August
2000.
4.3. Callionymus enneactis Bleeker, 1879
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427018
Callionymus enneactis Bleeker, 1879: 95-97 (Singapura/Singapore; holotype: RMNH 4814). -
BLABER, MILTON & RawLinson, 1991: 7 (Vona Vona, Solomon Islands). — RANDALL,
ALLEN & STEENE, 1997: 524 (New Caledonia; etc.). — YEARSLEY, Last x Morris, 1997:
Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Callionymus (Callionymus) enneactis: FRICKE, 1983: 122-137, figs. 33-34 (Singapore, Gulf of
Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Western Indonesia, Philippines, Palau Islands,
Yap Islands, Eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Trobriand
Islands, Western Australia, Northern Australia, Eastern Australia, Solomon Islands,
New Caledonia; tide pools to 15 m depth). — Fricke, 1993: 365 (Loyalty Islands).
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 13
Paradiplogrammus sp.: RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30 (Nouvelle-
Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist).
Paradiplogrammus enneactis: NAKABO, 1993: 992, fig. (Japan; with pictorial key).
Paradiplogrammus parvus: NaxBo, 1993: 992, fig. (Japan; with pictorial key).
Callionymus parvus: YEARSLEY, Last x Morris, 1997: Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Material
Total: 704 specimens (including 596 specimens listed by FrRicKE 1983).
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: NMNZ P.29628, 1 male (25.5 mm SL) and 2 females
(19.6-20.8 mm SL); Baie Gadji, Toro Bay, Nouméa , 22°11'S 166°23'E, 0-2 m depth; C. D.
ROBERTS & C. D. PauLin; 10 Oct. 1992. - SMNS 21286, 1 specimen, 21.8 mm SL; Séche Crois-
sant Reef, 22°20'20''S 166°22'30''E, 2 m depth, sargassum and sand; M. Kursıck1; 1 Aug.
1996. -SMNS 21295, 2 specimens, 18.9-29.3 mm SL; Sainte-Marie, 22°18'25''S 166°27'40"'E,
3 m depth, coral and sand; M. Kuusick1, St. ROT.1; 18 Mar. 1999. -SMNS 21296, 13 speci-
mens, 15.6-21.4 mm SL; Grande Rade, 22°14'08''S 166°23'57''E, 3 m depth, coral and sand;
M. Kutsickt; 23 Mar. 1999. - SMNS 21298, 17 specimens, 16.4-23.5 mm SL; Grande Rade,
22°14'04''S 166°24'01''E, 2m depth, coral and sand; M. Kursıckı; 2 Apr. 1999. - SMNS
22120, 9 specimens; SW coast, Province Sud, SE side of baie de Pritzbue, at Bouraké, rocks N
of boat landing, 21°57'32''S 165°59'20"'E, 0-2.5 m depth; R. Fricke; 23 May 2000.
Loyalty Islands: MNHN 1980-0146; 1 male, 21.2 mm SL, P. FOURMANOIR, 1980.
Comparison material. Philippines: ROM 53499, 1 specimen, 22.4 mm SL; Visayas,
Negros Oriental Province, Mangrove Point on spit of land at Banlas Point on S tip of Daco
Island, just E of Bais, 9°33'54''N 123°09'54''E, 0-0.5 m depth; R. WINTERBOTTOM et alii; 21
May 1987.
Indonesia: SMNS 15179, 2 specimens, 11.4-12.3 mm SL; Ambon Bay, north shore, near the
village of Poka, Ambon Island, Maluku, 3°39'S 138°11'30''E, 1.5 m depth; S. Moss; Mar. 1994.
— SMNS 15903, 11 specimens, 16.1-22.1 mm SL; Tasik Ria Beach, 19 km SW Manado, North
Sulawesi Province, Celebes Sea, 1°19'N 124°38'E, 0.3-0.9 m depth, sand and seagrass; R.
FRICKE & G. R. ALLEN; 24 Nov. 1994. - SMNS 15036, 8 specimens, 12.4-21.4 mm SL; NW
corner of Lembeh Island, small coves on Lembeh Strait side, 9 km NE Bitung, 60 km E Man-
ado, North Sulawesi Province, Celebes Sea, 1°40'N 125°20'E, 2.0-5.0 m depth, sand and silt
bottom with seagrass; R. STEENE; 25 Nov. 1994. -— SMNS 15946, 4 specimens, 20.7-28.5 mm
SL; same data as SMNS 15903, 0-2.5 m depth; R. Fricke; 26 Nov. 1994.
Papua New Guinea: SMNS 8541, 4 specimens, 13.5-18.2 mm SL; Motupore Island, Port
Moresby, 6 m depth; P. Coin; 3 Nov. 1986. - SMNS 8548, 5 specimens, 14.3-20.5 mm SL;
Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea; P. Coin; 23 Feb. 1987. - SMNS 8553, 1 male, 16.4 mm
SL, south of Soloatu Island, Port Moresby, 22 m depth; P. Corry; 7 Nov. 1986. - SMNS
11564, 2 specimens, 23.0-28.8 mm SL; Motupore Island, Bootless Bay, 15 km W Port Mores-
by, Central Province, 9°30'S 147°10'E, 1.2 m depth at high tide (would be exposed at low
tide), sand with seagrass; J. T. MoYER; 2 Jan. 1986. - SMNS 11566, 3 specimens, 13.2-15.8 mm
SL — same data as SMNS 11564, 5 m depth; J. T. Moyer; 10 Jan. 1996. - SMNS 11567, 1 spec-
imen, 24.8 mm SL; same data as SMNS 11564, 1 m depth; J. T. Moyer; 13 Jan. 1986. - SMNS
11568, 3 specimens, 9.8-11.8 mm SL; same data as SMNS 11564, 5 m depth; J. T. Moyer; 13
Jan. 1986.
Western Australia: SMNS 14189, 2 specimens, 19.5-44.4 mm SL; Nanga Bay, at Nanga
Homestead, Henry Freycinet Harbour, Shark Bay, 50 km SSE Denham, Peron Peninsula,
Shire of Shark Bay, 26°18'S 113°48'E, 0.5-1.4 m depth at low tide, sand with seagrass; R.
FRIckE; 22 Aug. 1992. - SMNS 14195, 2 specimens, 31.7-36.0 mm SL; same data as SMNS
14189, 0.1-1.5 m depth; R. ErtcxkE; 23 Aug. 1992. -SMNS 18378, 5 specimens, 24.1-32.5 mm
SL; Entrance Point, 7 km SW Broome, 18°00'39''S 122°12'26''E, 0-2.5 m depth, sand bottom;
R. Fricke; 24 Aug. 1996. - SMNS 18422, 1 specimen, 15.2 mm SL; 1 km ENE Gantheaume
Point, 7 km WSW Broome, 17°58'35''S 122°11'05''E, 0-1.5 m depth, sand bottom; R. FRICKE;
25 Aug. 1996. - SMNS 18446, 5 specimens, 16.1-30.1 mm SL; same data as SMNS 18378,
0-1 m depth; R. Fricke; 26 Aug. 1996.
Australia, Queensland: AMS 1.21529-041, 3 specimens; Lizard Island, N point, 14°39'S
145°27'E, 3-9 m depth; D. Hozse & H. Larson; 29 Jan. 1975.
14 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Distribution
New Caledonia (Grande Terre; new record); Loyalty Islands (Fig. 3). Outside the
area, the species is found between Japan, Singapore, Western Australia, Yap Islands
and the Solomon Islands, from the intertidal zone to 15 m depth.
4.4. Callionymus keeleyi Fowler, 1941
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427046
Callionymus keeleyi Fowler, 1941: 14-16, fig. 9 (Cebu, Philippines; holotype: USNM 99425).
Callionymus (Callionymus) keeleyi: FRICKE, 1983: 174-177, fig. 51 (Philippines; Indonesia,
Kai Islands; Papua New Guinea; 16-59 m depth, sand bottoms). — FRICKE, 1993: 368
(New Caledonia).
?Repomucenus virgis (non Jordan & Fowler, 1903): Rrvaton, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET &
KuLBIckI, 1989: 31 (Nouvelle-Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist). - KuLBIcKI &
WANTIEZ, 1990: 124 (St. Vincent Bay, New Caledonia).
Material
Total: 52 specimens (including 7 specimens listed by FrickE, 1983).
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Bank: SMNS 11622, 3 specimens; 20°38'30''S 162°26'E, 24-27 m
depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.873; 13 Jan. 1987. - SMNS 11626, 1 specimen; 20°37'36''S
162°53'12''E, 28 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.847; 11 Jan. 1987. -SMNS 11627, 1 speci-
men; 20°41'42''S 162°41'30''E, 22-27 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.860; 13 Jan. 1987. -
SMNS 11904, 1 specimen; 20°35'S 162°30'E, 30-70 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.876; 13
Jan. 1987.
New Caledonia, islands north of Grande Terre: SMNS 11616, 1 specimen; Ile Art,
19°57'18''S 163°52'48''E, 25-26 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. CP.1068; 24 Oct. 1989. - SMNS
11618, 2 specimens; reef 15 km WNW Ile Yandé, 19°59'06''S 163°52'30''E, 24-30 m depth;
R/V “Alis”, St. CP.1069; 24 Oct. 1989. - SMNS 11902, 2 specimens; 10 km SE Ile Art,
19°55'48''S 163°53'E, 27-28 m depth; R/V “Allis”, St. CP.1067; 24 Oct. 1989.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: MNHN 1993-0121, 2 specimens; Baie de Saint-Vincent
Nord, 21°58'30''S 166°01'E, 15 m depth; M. Kusicks; 22 Sep. 1989. - MNHN 1993-0122, 2
specimens; Baie de Saint-Vincent, 21°57'24''S 165°59'54''E, 2 m depth; M. Kuzicxi, R/V
“Alis”; 22 Mar. 1990. -SMNS 9887, 3 specimens; same data as MNHN 1993-0121. - SMNS
11619, 3 specimens, Baie de Saint-Vincent, 22°04'S 166°04'E, R/V “Alis”, St. 2; 28 June 1989.
— SMNS 11620, 1 specimen; 10 km E Houaillou, 21°16'S 165°47'18''E, 46 m depth; R/V
“Vauban”, St. DW.752; 7 Jan. 1987.- SMNS 11621, 1 specimen; 5 km E Houaillou, 21°14'54''S
165°48'24''E, 53 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.753; 7 Jan. 1987. -SMNS 11623, 1 speci-
men; 5 km E Houaillou, 21°18'30''S 165°46'12"E, 30 m depth, R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.751; 7
Jan. 1987. - SMNS 11624, 1 specimen; 5 km E Houaillou, 21°20'S 165°47'36''E, 28 m depth,
R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.750; 7 Jan. 1987. - SMNS 11625, 1 specimen; Baie de Saint-Vincent,
21°58'S 166°01'E, 10 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. 27; 2 Mar. 1989. - SMNS 11903, 2 specimens;
same data as MNHN 1993-0122. - SMNS 11905, 1 specimen; 21°54'06''S 165°26'54''E,
28-32 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.815; 10 Jan. 1987. - SMNS 12529, 1 specimen; Baie de
Saint-Vincent, 22°05'30''S 166°05'E, 17 m depth; M. Kursrcxi, R/V “Alis”; 30 Mar. 1989. -
SMNS 17847, 7 specimens, 40.3-57.0 mm SL; Baie de Saint-Vincent, 22°01'S 166°05'E; M.
Kusickr; 7 Dec. 1984. - SMNS 17849, 1 specimen, 49.8 mm SL; Baie de Saint-Vincent,
21°58'S 166°01'E, 5-12 m depth; M. Kursıckı, R/V “Vauban”, St. 17; 23 Apr. 1986. - SMNS
17850, 2 specimens, 61.4-66.8 mm SL; northern Baie de Saint-Vincent, 21°58'30''S
166°01'00''E, 10 m depth; O.R.S.T.O.M., Nouméa, St. 1; 21 Nov. 1989. - SMNS 17852, 2
specimens, 33.4-46.4 mm SL; northeastern lagoon, 15 km WNW Ouégoa, 20°14'18''S
164°15'24"'E, 12-14 m depth; O.R.S.T.O.M., Nouméa, St. CP.1060; 5 May 1988. - SMNS
17853, 1 specimen, 51.7 mm SL; northern Baie de Saint-Vincent, 21°57'30''S 166°01'30''E,6 m
depth; M. Kursıckı, R/V “Alis”; 28 Apr. 1989. - SMNS 21312, 1 specimen, 38.8 mm SL;
21°58'06''S 166°02'12''E, 12 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, R/V “Vauban”, St. 195; 20 Sep.
1984. - SMNS 21318, 1 specimen, 28.7 mm SL; 22°18'24''S 166°32'54''E, 24 m depth; R/V
“Vauban”, St. 30; 23 May 1984.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 15
Figs 3-4.
Geographical distribution of Callionymus species in New Caledonian waters. — 3.
C. enneactis (above); — 4. C. keeleyi (below).
16 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Bank; new record); New Caledonia (Grande Terre; is-
lands north of Grande Terre) (Fig. 4). The species was found at depths of 2-70 m.
Outside the area, the species is known from the Philippines, eastern Indonesia,
Papua New Guinea and Australia (Northern Territory).
4.5. Callionymus moretonensis Johnson, 1971
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427003
Callionymus kaianus moretonensis Johnson, 1971: 108-113, figs. 1-2 (7 miles east of Cape
Moreton, South Queensland, Australia, 68-72 fms depth; holotype: AMS I.15608-001).
Callionymus moretonensis: FRICKE, 1981a: 359-360, fig. 7 (part: Queensland, New Ireland,
New Caledonia; 150 m depth). — Fricke, 1983: 223-226, fig. 65 (Queensland; 84-150 m).
— Fricke, 1993: 368 (New Caledonia). — YEARSLEY, Last & Morris, 1997: Appendix D
(CAAB Code).
?Bathycallionymus formosanus: RivaTon, 1989: 145 (Iles Chesterfield). - Rrvaton, Four-
MANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30 (Nouvelle-Calédonie/New Caledonia, in
checklist).
°Bathycallionymus moretonensis: RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30
(Nouvelle-Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist).
?Callionymus mortonensis: BLABER, MILTON & RAWLINSON, 1991: 7 (Vona Vona, Solomon Is-
lands).
Material
Total: 21 specimens (including 11 specimens listed by FRICkE, 1981a, 1983).
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 12047, 1 specimen; Canal de la Havannah, 22°22'S
167°01'E, 150 m depth; P. FOURMANOIR; Nov. 1979.
Comparison material (additional to specimens listed by Fricke, 1981a, 1983). Aus-
tralia, Northern Territory: SMNS 12173, 8 specimens; Arafura Sea, 305 km NNE to N Cape
Stewart, 9°21'S 135°15'E, 80 m depth; R. WırLıams, F/V “Clipper Bird”; 12 Nov. 1990. -
SMNS 12172, 5 specimens; Arafura Sea, 220 km NE De Courcy Head, 9°40'S 133°59'E, 98 m
depth; R. WıLLıams, F/V “Clipper Bird”; 8 Nov. 1990.
Australia, New South Wales: AMS 1.24783-992, 1 specimen; NE of North Solitary Island,
29°50'S 153°39'E — 29°44'S 153°41'E, 165 m depth; FRV “Kapala”; 11 Oct. 1978. - AMS
1.30409-003, 2 specimens; E of Wooli, 29°50'S 153°38'E — 29°48'S 153°39'E, 153 m depth;
FRV “Kapala”; 1 Aug. 1978. -— AMS 1.31480-001, 5 specimens; off Long Reef, 33°42'S
151°31'E —33°41'S 151°32'E, 120-123 m depth; FRV “Kapala”; 18 Oct. 1990. - AMS 1.33675-
004, 1 specimen; off Crowdy Head, 31°52'S 152°49'E — 31°58'S 152°54'E, 84-94 m depth;
FRV “Kapala”; 4 Dec. 1991. - SMNS 14791, 13 specimens; off Newcastle, 33°02'S 152°05'E,
113-117 m depth; FRV “Kapala”, St. K931007; 5 May 1993.
Distribution
New Caledonia (Grande Terre) (Fig. 5). Otherwise, Callionymus moretonensis is
distributed in the Arafura Sea/Northern Territory (new record), southern Queens-
land and northern New South Wales (new record), Australia, south to 33°42'S. Pos-
sibly also Chesterfield and Solomon Islands. The species lives at depths of 84-165 m.
Remarks
FRICKE (1998) found in the New Caledonian specimen (SMNS 12047) characters
intermediate between Callionymus futuna Fricke, 1998 from Futuna Island, and
Callionymus moretonensis from northeastern Australia. More New Caledonian ma-
terial is necessary to finally judge about its taxonomic status.
Some northwestern Australian specimens previously assigned to this species
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 17
Figs 5-6.
Geographical distribution of Callionymus species in New Caledonian waters. - 5.
C. moretonensis (above); — 6. C. pleurostictus (below).
18 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
turned out to belong to Callionymus bifilum n.sp. (description see below, 5.2.), and
Callionymus kailolae n.sp. (description see below, 5.4.).
4.6. Callionymus pleurostictus Fricke, 1982
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427021
Callionymus (Calliurichthys) pleurostictus Fricke, 1982a: 138-141, figs. 7-8 (Bay of Nhatrang,
Vietnam; Gulf of Thailand; holotype: CAS 46723). — Fricke, 1983: 428-433, figs.
126-127 (Ambon, Indonesia; Northern Australia; 1-22 m depth). — Fricker, 1989: 53
(near Rabaul, New Britain; Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; 0-35 m depth).
Pseudocalliurichthys sp.: RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30 (Nouvelle-
Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist).
Callionymus pleurostictus: FRICKE, 1993: 368-369 (New Caledonia). — YEARSLEY, LAST x
Morris, 1997: Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Pseudocalliurichthys pleurostictus: NAKABO, 1993: 993, fig. (Japan; with pictorial key).
Pseudocalliurichthys sp.: KULBICKI, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Islands,
40-74 m depth).
Material
Total: 172 specimens (including 51 specimens listed by Fricke, 1982a, 1983, 1989).
New Caledonia, Récifs d'Entrecasteaux: SMNS 21302, 3 specimens, 20.0-43.1 mm SL;
18°26'42''S 163°09'42''E, 40 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 468; 1 Mar. 1985. - SMNS 21308, 1
specimen, 25.3 mm SL; 18°23'48''S 163°06'36''E, 41-42 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 460; 1
Mar. 1985.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: NMNZ uncat., 1 male, 31.0 mm SL; Baie de la Dumbéa, off
Nouméa Harbour entrance, 22°14'S 166°22'E, 20-25 m depth; C. D. ROBERTS, C. D. PAULIN
& M. Kursick1, M/V “Romance”; 11 Oct. 1992. - ROM 65535, 1 male (23.6 mm SL) and 2 fe-
males (18.3-21.2 mm SL); Passe de la Dumbéa, a little west of Recif Laregnere, 22°19'50''S
166°16'50''E, 19.8-22.9 m depth; R. WINTERBOTTOM et alii; 5 Sep. 1991. - ROM 65536, 6
males (20.1-29.3 mm SL) and 7 females (14.2-20.0 mm SL); Baie de la Dumbéa, fringing reef
on NW arm just E of beach, 22°12'15''S 166°21'30''E, 1.8-6.1 m depth; R. WINTERBOTTOM et
alii; 2 Sep. 1991. - ROM 65537, 1 female, 17.1 mm SL; 300 m N of Séche Croissant Reef,
22°19'30''S 166°21'00''E, 7.6-10.7 m depth; R. WINTERBOTTOM et alii; 9 Sep. 1991. -SMNS
12528, 1 specimen; Baie de Saint-Vincent, 21°59'12''S 165°58'18''E; R/V “Alis”, St. 7; 23 Mar.
1990. - SMNS 17848, 1 male, 37.8 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, 5km SW of Poum,
20°18'06''N 163°57'06''E, 21 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, St. DW.989; 30 Apr. 1988. —
SMNS 21243, 2 males, 26.6-27.8 mm SL; ca. 8 km west of Nouméa, 22°27'36''S 166°24'54''E,
15 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, R/V “Vauban”, St. 64; 20 Aug. 1984. - SMNS 21294, 4
specimens, 26.4-39.5 mm SL; Grande Rade, 22°14'04''S 166°24'01''E, 2 m depth, coral and
sand; M. Kutsick1; 2 Apr. 1999. - SMNS 21297, 3 specimens, 21.4-25.2 mm SL; Grande Rade,
22°14'04''S 166°24'01''E, 2m depth, coral and sand; M. Kursicxi; 2 Apr. 1999. - SMNS
21319, 1 specimen, 27.9 mm SL; 22°14'42''S 166°11'06''E, 10 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGESs,
R/V “Vauban”, Cruise LAGON, St. 51; 25 May 1984. - SMNS 21324, 1 specimen, 23.2 mm
SL; 22°20'54''S 166°22'12''E, 15 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, R/V “Vauban”, St. 3; 21
May 1984.
Comparison material (additional to specimens listed by Fricke, 1982a, 1983, 1989).
Indonesia. Irian Jaya: ANSP 128766, 1 female, 22.9 mm SL; reef at Rani Isle, 5 miles S of
Sowek, Soepiori Island; National Science Foundation; 4 Mar. 1956.
Australia, Queensland: AMS 1.20781-010, 4 specimens; Lizard Island, 14°41'S 145°28'E; D.
F. Hogse et alti; 5 Dec. 1978. - AMS 1.20982-055, 1 specimen; Lizard Island, 14°41'S
145°27'E, 5-6 m depth; J. R. Paxton et alii; 28 Nov. 1978. — AMS 1.22613, 1 specimen; Escape
Reef; AMS-WAM Party; 1981. — AMS 1.25109-067, 1 specimen; Osprey Reef, 13°58'S
146°41'E, 1-3 m depth; AMS Sunbird Party; 7 Nov. 1984. - ANSP 170854, 6 specimens,
16.0-22.2 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, off W tip of S edge of E half of reef, 15°45'S 145°42'E,
10-16 m depth; J. C. TyLEr & C. L. SMITH; 6 Jan. 1969. - ANSP 170856, 19 specimens,
7.9-22.9 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, 1/2 mile E of Cook wreck site at S edge of W portion of E
half of reef, 15°45'S 145°42'E, 14-20 m depth; J. C. TyLer & C. L. SmITH, 11 Jan. 1969. —
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 19
ANSP 170859, 20 specimens, 9.1-31.0 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, ca. 1/4 mile N of Cook wreck
site, white sand around isolated 3 m high coral knoll, 13-18 m depth, 15°45'S 145°42'E; J. C.
TYLER & C. L. SMITH; 14 Jan. 1969. - ANSP 170861, 5 specimens, 19.3-32.9 mm SL; Big Hope
Island, middle of E end of island, 15°45'S 145°42'E, 10 m depth; J. C. TyLer & C. L. SMITH; 18
Jan. 1969. - ANSP 170862, 2 subadults, 13.3 mm SL; northern Escape Reef, middle of W edge
of reef, 15°45'S 145°42'E, 25-28 m depth; J. C. TyLer & C. L. SMITH; 23 Jan. 1969. - ANSP
170863, 14 specimens, 17.8-37.0 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, W end of E half of reef, S side,
15°45'S 145°42'E, 13-15 m depth, J. C. TYLER & C. L. SMITH; 15 Jan. 1969. - ANSP 170865, 4
specimens, 18.5-30.3 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, middle of W edge of western half, 15°45'S
145°42'E, 8-12 m depth; J. C. TyYLer & C. L. SMITH; 4 Jan. 1969. - ANSP uncat. (ex 170858),
8 specimens, 13.2-18.7 mm SL; Endeavour Reef, 3/4 mile NW of Cook wreck site, 15°45'S
145°42'E, 2-5 m depth; J. C. TyLer & C. L. SMITH; 16 Jan. 1969. - ANSP uncat. (ex 170864),
1 male, 28.4 mm SL, Little Hope Island, middle of N end of island, 15°45'S 145°42'E, 2-5 m
depth; J. C. TyLer, C. L. SMITH & A. C. GiLL; 17 Jan. 1969. - ROM uncat., 1 male, 20.0 mm
SL; N side of Falrey Island, Lizard Island, on patch reef, 3 m depth; R. WINTERBOTTOM & C.
Borpan; 27 June 1994.
Distribution
Chesterfield Islands (new record); New Caledonia (Recifs d’Entrecasteaux, new
record; Grande Terre) (Fig. 6). Outside the area, the species is widespread in the east-
ern Indo-Australian Archipelago and the islands of the central Southwest Pacific;
Irian Jaya/Indonesia (new record); Queensland/Australia (new record). It is found
at depths of 0-42 m.
4.7. Callionymus rivatoni Fricke, 1993
? Callionymus japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782): FOURMANOIR & RivaTon, 1979: 417-418 (Sud
de Nouvelle-Caledonie, 22°20'S 167°10'30''E, 180 m depth).
Callionymus gardineri rivatoni Fricke, 1993: 365-368, fig. 1 (New Caledonia: Grande Terre;
holotype: MNHN 1993-0120).
Repomucenus huguenini (non Bleeker, 1859): Rivaton, 1989: 145 (Iles Chesterfield). — Rıva-
TON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 31 (Nouvelle-Calédonie/New Caledo-
nia, in checklist). - KULBICKI & WANTIEZ, 1990: 124 (St. Vincent Bay, New Caledonia). —
Ku sickt, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Islands, 70-80 m depth).
Material
Total: 41 specimens.
Holotype. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: MNHN 1993-0120, male, 54.8 mm SL; S
Baie de Saint-Vincent, 22°05'S 166°10'E, 15 m depth; 22 Aug. 1989.
Paratypes. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: MNHN 1993-0119, 1 female, 37.4 mm SL; E
Ile des Pins, 22°38'12''S 167°34'48''E, 105-110 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. DW.81; 9 Sep. 1989.
-SMNS 12271, 1 male, 35.0 mm SL; NE Ile Pott, 19°37'18"S 163°52'24''E, 37-38 m depth;
R/V “Alis”, St. CP.1116; 26 Oct. 1989. -— SMNS 12272, 1 female, 33.5 mm SL; 80 km SE
Nouméa, 22°31'48''S 167°07'30''E, 67-71 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.375; 21 Jan. 1985.
Other material. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: SMNS 21228, 2 males, 59.4-68.6 mm
SL; southeast of Ile de Sabre, 20°31'30''S 161°06'27''E, 88 m depth; B. RicHER DE FORGES,
R/V “Coriolis”, St. CHALCAL CP.2; 15 July 1984. - SMNS 21238, 1 male, 27.6 mm SL;
northeastern lagoon, 19°24'54''S 158°48'45''E, 55 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, Cruise
CORAIL 2, St. 32; 23 July 1988. -SMNS 21239, 1 male, 34.1 mm SL; northeastern lagoon,
19°49'05''S 158°24'51''E, 42 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, Cruise CORAIL 2, St. 155; 1
Aug. 1988. — SMNS 21246, 1 male, 46.9 mm SL; northeastern lagoon, 19°41'29''S
158°18'47"'E, 58 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, Cruise CORAIL 2, St. 164; 2 Aug. 1988. —
SMNS 21284, 2 specimens, 92.8-116.7 mm SL; northeastern lagoon, 19°17'54''S 158°35'30''E,
68 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, R/V “Coriolis”, St. CHALCAL CP.7; 18 July 1984.
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Bank: SMNS 21236, 1 female, 26.7 mm SL; 40 km ENE of Iles de
Sable, 19°37'18''S 161°32'24''E, 37-38 m depth; B. RiCHER DE Forces, R/V “Alis”, St.
20 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
DW.1116; 26 Oct. 1989. - SMNS 21237, 1 male, 26.5 mm SL; 50 km SE of Iles de Sable,
20°30'50''S 161°05'13''E, 80 m depth; B. RICHER DE FoRGEs, R/V “Coriolis”, Cruise CHAL-
CAL, St. CP.3; 15 July 1984. - SMNS 21240, 1 female, 39.6 mm SL; 40 km SE of Chesterfield
Islands lagoon, 20°46'15''S 158°41'38''E, 70 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forts, Cruise CHAL-
CAL, St. D.48; 23 July 1984. - SMNS 21266, 5 specimens, 47.3-70.2 mm SL; 20°27'21''S
161°04'42''E, 75 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, Cruise CORAIL 2, St. CP.24; 22 July 1988.
— SMNS 21283, 5 specimens, 50.2-103.7 mm SL; 21°24'54''S 159°09'18''E, 60 m depth; B.
RICHER DE Forts, R/V “Coriolis”, Cruise CHALCAL 1, St. CP.15; 25 July 1984.
New Caledonia, Récifs d'Entrecasteaux: SMNS 21303, 1 specimen, 17.5 mm SL; 18°26'42''S
163°09'42''E, 40 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 468; 1 Mar. 1985. -SMNS 21317, 1 specimen,
26.2 mm SL; 18°22'06''S 163°05'00''E — R/V “Vauban”, St. 165; 1 Mar. 1985.
New Caledonia, islands north of Grande Terre: SMNS 21285, 3 specimens, 68.3-130.1 mm
SL; Bélep Island, 19°36'24''S 163°50'00''E, 35 m depth; M. Kursıckı, R/V “Vauban”, Cruise
BELEB, St. 34; 7 July 1986.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 17863, 1 male, 128.3 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, 20
km west of Poum, 20°12'30''S 163°54'36"'E; O.R.S.T.O.M., Nouméa; 2 May 1988. - SMNS
21226, 1 male (68.2 mm SL) and 1 female (23.5 mm SL); northwestern lagoon, west of Poum,
20°15'06''S 163°54'52''E, 35-36 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forts, St. DW.995; 2 May 1988. —
SMNS 21247, 2 males, 38.5-45.8 mm SL; southeastern lagoon, 20 km north of Yaté,
21°57'54''S 166°52'30''E, 47-48 m depth; B. RrcHER DE Forces, St. 0626; 6 Aug. 1986. —
SMNS 21252, 1 male, 29.3 mm SL; southeastern lagoon, east of Goro, 22°17'00''S
167°06'00''E, 50 m depth; B. RrcHER DE Forces; 5 Aug. 1986. -— SMNS 21277, 1 male,
71.3 mm SL; 22°37'00''S 166°52'42''E, 50 m depth; O.R.S.T.O.M., Nouméa, St. 315; 27 Nov.
1984. — SMNS 21290, 1 specimen, 13.1 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, 20°37'06''S
164°13'06''E, 15 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, St. DW.942; 28 Apr. 1988. - SMNS 21314, 1
specimen, 22.3 mm SL; 22°16'36''S 166°12'12"'E, 12 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, R/V
“Vauban”, Cruise LAGON, St. 50; 25 May 1984.
New Caledonia, Récifs du Sud: SMNS 21316, 1 specimen, 27.0mm SL; 22°54'18''S
166°53'00''E, 29 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 547; 15 Sep. 1985.
New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: SMNS 21305, 1 specimen, 22.7 mm SL; 22°33'30''S
167°14'12''E, 64 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 400; 23 Jan. 1985.
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Islands; Chesterfield Bank; new record), New Caledonıa
(Récifs d’Entrecasteaux, new record; Grande Terre; Récifs du Sud; Ile des Pins, new
record) (Fig. 7). The species is endemic to the area. It lives on sandy bottoms at
depths of 12-110 m.
Remarks
This species was originally described by Fricke (1993) as a subspecies of Cal-
lonymus gardineri Regan, 1908. Recently, additional materials were detected. Com-
parison of the three subspecies results in upgrading Callionymus rivatoni to the
species level. Other species of the Callionymus-japonicus species-group are listed be-
low (“Remarks” section of 5.3., C. japonicus).
4.8. Callionymus scaber McCulloch, 1926 (Fig. 8)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427036
Callionymus affinis Ogilby, 1910: 134-135 (Cape Moreton/Queensland; permanently invalid,
homonym of Callionymus affinis Regan, 1908).
Callionymus, Calliurichthys, japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782): McCuLLocH, 1926: 8 (Lord
Howe Island).
Callionymus, Calliurichthys, japonicus var. scaber McCulloch, 1926: 197 (Lord Howe Island;
syntypes: AMS 1.3122, 1 specimen; AMS 1.4079, 1 specimen; AMS 1.5133, 1 specimen,
AMS 1.9282, 1 specimen).
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 21
Pipa? Geographical distribution of Callionymus rivatoni in New Caledonian waters.
Callionymus (Calliurichthys) japonicus scaber: FRICKE, 1983: 392-393 (Lord Howe Island;
southern Queensland).
Calliurichthys japonicus: RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30 (Nouvelle-
Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist). - KuLBick1, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33
(Chesterfield Islands).
Callionymus scaber: YEARSLEY, Last x Morris, 1997: Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Material
Total: 20 specimens.
Material from the study area. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: SMNS 21224, 1 fe-
male, 69.5 mm SL; northeastern lagoon, 19°17'54''S 158°35'30''E 68 m depth; B. RIcHER DE
Forces, R/V “Coriolis”, St. CHALCAL CP.7; 18 July 1984. - SMNS 21230, 1 male, 72.6 mm
SL; northeastern lagoon, 19°28'03''S 158°24'23''E, 54 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGES, Cruise
CORAIL 2, St. 125; 29 July 1988. - SMNS 21241, 1 female, 47.7 mm SL; northeastern lagoon,
19°24'58''S 158°21'35''E, 56 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, Cruise CORAIL 2, St. 120; 29
July 1988. - SMNS 21248, 1 female, 56.5 mm SL; 30 km NNE Caye de l'Observatoire,
21°13'30''S 158°50'12''E, 66 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs; 24 July 1984.
Comparison material. Australia, New South Wales: AMS 1.26229-002, 2 specimens,
151.6-197.0 mm SL; SE of Evans Head, off Iluka; FRV “Kapala“; 24 May 1988. - AMS
1.26312-007, 9 specimens; NE of Yamba, 29°25'S 153°30'E, 49-54 m depth; FRV “Kapala”; 22
May 1986. — AMS 1.26828-005, 1 specimen; NE of Tweed Heads, 28°06'S 153°48'E-28°11'S
153°48'E, 112-115 m depth; FRV “Kapala”; 3 June 1978. - AMS 1.32120-007, 1 male, 156.7
mm SL, and 1 female, 139.2 mm SL; off Clarence River, 29°20'S 153°34'E — 29°25'S 153°37'E,
67-73 m depth; K. GRAHAM, FRV “Kapala”; 2 May 1990. - AMS 1.34028-001, 1 male, 180.7
mm SL, and 1 female, 136.4 mm SL; off Brunswick, 28°22'S 153°39'E — 28°27'S 153°41'E,
47-57 m depth; K. GRAHAM, FRV “Kapala”; 25 May 1991.
Australia, Lord Howe Island: AMS IA.3633, 1 female, 66.2 mm SL; 31°31'S 159°05'E-R.E.
BAXTER.
Ser. A, Nr. 617
STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE
22
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FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 23
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the Callionymus-japonicus species-group of the subgenus Cal-
lionymus with a total of 9 rays in the second dorsal fin, 8 rays in the anal fin, 18-20
pectoral fin rays, 7-12 small antrorse serrae dorsally on the preopercular spine (ad-
ditional to the main tip) and an antrorse spine at the base; with a high first dorsal fin
in males bearing filaments on all four spines, the first dorsal fin in the male black,
with oblique white streaks; with the throat plain dark brown in females; and in males
with the distal five-sixths of the anal fin black, in females with the distal two-thirds
of the anal fin black.
Description
D, IV; D; viii,1; A vii,1; Pı 11,14-16,1-11 (total 18-20); Py 1,5; C (1),1,7,11,(1).
Body elongate and depressed. Head slightly depressed, 4.9-5.0 in SL. Eye 2.7-3.1
in head. Preorbital length 2.4-2.7 in head. Interorbital distance 17.8-20.7 in head.
Occipital region with 2 rough protuberances on each side, and a rough postorbital
area. Maxillary length 2.7-3.6 in head. Preopercular spine with a straight main tip, a
smooth base, a strong antrorse spine at its base, and 7-12 small serrae on the dorsal
margin (Fig. 8, centre). Preopercular spine length 3.1-4.4 in head. Preopercular spine
formula 1 412. 1. Body depth 9.8-11.4 in SL. Body width 5.0-5.9 in SL. Urogeni-
tal papilla in the male 9.6-12.6 in head, in the female 15.9-31.8 in head. Caudal pe-
duncle length 5.4-7.0 in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 23.7-26.3 in SL. Maximum ob-
served SL 197.0 mm (male), 151.6 mm (female).
First dorsal fin relatively high in the male, all spines with short filaments, first
spine 3.9-4.1 in SL, 2nd spine 3.3—4.4 in SL, 3rd spine 5.0-5.5 in SL, 4th spine 7.8-8.5
in SL; in the female lower, spines without filaments, 1st spine 4.7-5.0 in SL, 2nd
spine 5.2-5.3 in SL, 3rd spine 5.4-6.2 in SL, 4th spine 6.8-8.8 in SL. Predorsal (1)
length 4.0-4.3 in SL. Second dorsal fin rays unbranched, the last divided at its base.
First ray of second dorsal fin in the male 4.9-7.3 in SL, last ray 4.2-4.8 in SL; in the
female, 1st ray 5.8-6.2 in SL, last ray 4.6-5.3 in SL. Predorsal (2) length 2.2-2.4 in SL.
Anal fin beginning on a vertical through about 2nd ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin
rays unbranched, the last divided at its base. First anal fin ray in the male 9.8-12.6 in
SL, last ray 5.5-5.9 in SL; 1st ray in the female 9.9-12.3 in SL, last ray 5.6-6.4 in SL.
Preanal fin length 2.1-2.3 in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to about 2nd anal fin mem-
brane when laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.6-5.4 in SL. Prepectoral fin length 3.0-3.2
in SL. Pelvic fin reaching to 1st anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine
14.2-22.9 in SL; pelvic fin length 3.2-3.8 in SL. Prepelvic fin length 4.8-5.9 in SL.
Caudal fin with the median 4 rays extremely elongate; caudal fin length in the male
1.2-1.4 in SL, in the female 1.6-1.7 in SL.
Colour in alcohol: Body dorsally light grey to greyish brown, with rounded
whitish and brownish spots; sides of body in males each with a row of brown
blotches, arranged in groups of 2-3, below the lateral line. Head grayish brown, with
small dark brown spots below the eyes. Throat in the male dark brown, with a cen-
tral heart-shaped black blotch; plain dark brown in the female.
First dorsal fin in the male black, with oblique white streaks; in the female greyish
brown, with a large black ocellus distally surrounding the third spine. Second dorsal
fin with 3 blackish spots on each ray, and with 3 horizontal grey streaks on each
membrane. Males with distal five-sixths of anal fin black, females with distal two-
thirds of anal fin black. Lower one-third of caudal fin black, upper two-thirds with
24 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
about 12 double vertical rows of dark brown spots. Pectoral fin pale, upper half with
vertical rows of small blackish spots. Pelvic fin mottled with dark brownish grey.
Sexual dimorphism: Males have a higher first dorsal fin than females, with the
spines filamentous, and with whitish oblique stripes on a black background (with an
ocellus distally around third spine in females), a longer snout, a longer caudal fin,
and a longer urogenital papilla.
Distribution
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands (new record) (Fig. 9). Outside the area, Lord
Howe Island, southeastern Queensland and New South Wales/Australia (new
record), at depths of 47-115 m (Fig. 24).
Relationships
This species is closely related to Callionymus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (HoUT-
TUYN, 1782: 312-314, Japan; FRICKE, 1983: 380-392, figs 114-115, part: northern half
of distribution range, C. japonicus japonicus), and Callionymus afilum n.sp. which is
described below. Callionymus scaber difters in the shape, colouration, and presence
of 4 filaments in the male’s first dorsal fin, and in the broader black area on the anal
and caudal fin in both sexes; also in the larger size of the black blotch on the thorax
of the male, and the brown area on the thorax of the female.
Remarks
This species was treated by authors as a subspecies of Callionymus japonicus.
Comparison with New Caledonian and northern Australian materials, however, re-
vealed that C. japonicus (discussed below, 5.3.), C. afilum (described below, 5.1.) and
C. scaber are separate, though closely related species.
4.9. Callionymus tethys Fricke, 1993
Callionymus tethys Fricke, 1993: 369-371, fig. 2 (New Caledonia; Loyalty Islands; holotype:
MNHN 1993-0136).
Material
Total: 32 specimens.
Type material. Holotype. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: MNHN 1993-0136, male,
86.14 mm SL; 38 km SSE Nouméa, 22°37'54''S 166°41'06''E, 35 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St.
DW.230; 22 Oct. 1984.
Paratypes. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Bank: SMNS 12267, 2 males, 44.2-60.2 mm SL;
20°38'12''S 162°44'12"'E, 23-24 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.865; 13 Jan. 1987.
Paratypes. New Caledonia, reefs north of Grande Terre: MNHN 1993-0128, 1 female,
25.2 mm SL; Grand Passage, NW of New Caledonia, 18°20'18''S 163°05'30''E, 35-36 m
depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.447; 28 Feb. 1985. - MNHN 1993-0129, 1 female, 22.4 mm SL;
Grand Passage, NW of New Caledonia, 18°28'30''S 163°10'24"E, 38-39 m depth; R/V
“Vauban”, St. DW.469; 1 Mar. 1987. -MNHN 1993-0130, 1 female, 21.4 mm SL; Grand Pas-
sage, NW of New Caledonia, 19°06'24''S 163°13'18''E, 42-43 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St.
DW.541; 6 Mar. 1985. - MNHN 1993-0134, 1 female, 22.2 mm SL; Grand Passage, NW of
New Caledonia, 19°33'00''S 163°46'00''E, 40-41 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. DW.1126; 27 Oct.
1989. - MNHN 1993-0135, 1 female, 36.0 mm SL; Grand Passage, NW of New Caledonia,
19°18'30''S 163°10'42''E, 47 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. DW.1169; 30 Oct. 1989. - MNHN
1993-0000, 1 female, 15.9 mm SL; Grand Passage, NW of New Caledonia, 18°19'00''S
163°04'00''E, 36 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.446; 28 Feb. 1985. - SMNS 12269, 4 males,
16.3-28.0 mm SL; Grand Passage, NW of New Caledonia, 19°27'18''S 163°16'18''E, 48 m
depth; R/V “Allis”, St. DW.1182; 31 Oct. 1989.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 25
Figs 9-10. Geographical distribution of Callionymus species in New Caledonian waters. - 9.
C. scaber (above); - 10. C. tethys (below).
26 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Paratypes. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: MNHN 1993-0124, 1 female, 25.4 mm SL;
20 km S Nouméa, 22°24'00''S 166°19'42''E, 13-14 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.7; 21 May
1984. -— MNHN 1993-0125, 1 male, 42.8 mm SL; 35 km SSE Nouméa, 22°36'06''S
166°34'24''E, 22 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.158; 24 Aug. 1984. - MNHN 1993-0126, 1
female, 43.0 mm SL; 40 km SSE Noumea, 22°31'30''S 166°29'42''E, 22m depth; R/V
“Vauban”, St. DW.83; 21 Aug. 1984. - MNHN 1993-0127, 1 female, 29.7 mm SL; 30 km S
Nouméa, 22°20'42''S 166°20'48"'E, 10 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.258; 7 Nov. 1984. -
MNHN 1993-0131, 1 female, 30.2 mm SL; 20 km W Ile des Pins, 22°50'12''S 167°01'00''E,
52-53 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.570; 17 July 1985. - MNHN 1993-0132, 1 male,
51.8 mm SL; NW New Caledonia, 20°18'18''S 164°32'06''E, 22-26 m depth; R/V “Vauban”,
St. DW.892; 14 Jan. 1987. - SMNS 12266, 1 female, 36.0 mm SL; Cap Baye, 21°01'36''S
165°34'42''E, 32-33 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.788; 9 Jan. 1987. - SMNS 12268, 1 fe-
male, 43.2 mm SL; 20 km SW Nouméa, 22°18'30''S 166°13'48''E, 10 m depth, R/V “Vauban”,
St. DW.42; 25 May 1984.
Paratypes. Loyalty Islands: MNHN 1993-0133, 1 male, 49.2 mm SL; Ile Beautemps-
Beaupré, 20°13.4'S 166°19.7'E, 30-32 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.902; 14 Jan. 1987.
Other material. New Caledonia, island north of Grande Terre: SMNS 21289, 1 spec-
imen; 18°56'24''S 162°32'42''E, 32-33 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 486; 2 Mar. 1985.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 21225, 1 male, 69.9 mm SL; northwestern lagoon,
west of Koumac, 20°38'54"'S 164°13'18''E, 10-15 m depth; B. RiCHER DE ForGEs, St.
DW.941; 27 Apr. 1988. - SMNS 21229, 1 male, 66.1 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, west of
Koumac, 20°37'00''S 164°11'06''E, 15 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, St. DW.943; 28 Apr.
1988. -— SMNS 21234, 1 female, 25.3 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, WNW of Koumac,
20°19'00''S 163°55'18''E, 22-23 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, St. DW.990; 30 Apr. 1988. —
SMNS 21235, 1 female, 27.0 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, west of Koumac, 20°34'36''S
164°09'48''E, 15-16 m depth, B. RicHER DE Forces, St. DW.945; 28 Apr. 1988. - SMNS
21249, 1 female, 28.5 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, WNW of Koumac, 20°39'30''S
164°15'24''E, 50-55 m depth; B. RıcHER DE ForcEs, 27 Apr. 1988. - SMNS 21269, 2 speci-
mens, 48.8-88.1 mm SL; 22°21'54''S 166°14'30''E, 19 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St.39; 24 May
1984. - SMNS 21272, 1 specimen, 52.3 mm SL; 22°44'48''S 166°51'36''E, 36-40 m depth; R/V
“Vauban”, St. 346; 29 Nov. 1984.
New Caledonia, Ile des Pins: SMNS 21313, 1 specimen, 48.1 mm SL; 22°40'48''S
167°20'24''E, 40 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. 411; 24 Jan. 1985.
Distribution
Chesterfield Bank; New Caledonia (islands north of Grande Terre, new record;
Grande Terre; Ile des Pins, new record); Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa) (Fig. 10). This
species is endemic to the area. It was found at depths of 10-55 m.
4.10. Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427026
Callionymus goramensis Bleeker, 1858: 214 (Goram Archipelago, Indonesia; syntypes:
RMNH 4812, 2 specimens).
Diplogrammus goramensis: HoEsE et alii, 1976: 48 (Norfolk Island). — Wass, 1984: 26
(Samoa). — RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30 (Nouvelle-Calé-
donie/New Caledonia, in checklist). - ZuG, SPRINGER, WILLIAMS & JOHNSON, 1989: 7
(Rotuma). — Nakao, Iwata & IKEDA, 1992: 103-105, fig. 1 (Ishigaki Is. and Okinawa Is.,
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). — Francis, 1993: 166 (Australia; Norfolk Island). -
Nakao, 1993: 986, fig. (Japan; with pictorial key). - ALLEN & SMITH-VAnIZ, 1994: 16
(Cocos-Keeling Islands). - KuLgıckI, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Is-
lands, 23 m depth). — YEARSLEY, Last & Morris, 1997: Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Diplogrammus (Diplogrammus) goramensis: FRICKE, 1983: 493-504, fig. 148 (Vietnam, China,
Philippines, Eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia/Queensland, Palau Is-
lands, Caroline Islands, Kapingamarangi Atoll, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Fiji
Islands, American Samoa, Cook Islands; 5-34 m depth). - FRICKE, 1993: 371 (expected to
occur at New Caledonia),
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 27:
Material
Total: 322 specimens (including 288 specimens listed by FRICkE, 1983).
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: SMNS 21231, 1 female, 37.7 mm SL; northeastern lagoon,
19°41'28''S 158°15'37''E, 23 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, Cruise CORAIL 2, St. 163; 2
Aug. 1988.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 21242, 2 males, 22.9-24.0 mm SL; Passe de Saint-Vin-
cent, 60 km WNW of Nouméa, 22°02'06''S 165°57'00"'E, 4m depth; M. Kursıckı, R/V
“Alis”, St. 4; 21 Mar. 1990. - SMNS 21292, 2 specimens, 25.4-38.0 mm SL; Tiaré area,
22°10'40''S 166°15'50''E, 4 m depth, seagrass and sand; M. Kusickt, 11 July 1996.
Loyalty Islands: MNHN 1980-0123, 1 specimen; P. FOURMANOIR; 1973. — SMNS 21287, 1
specimen, 27.3 mm SL; Ouvéa Atoll, Ile Angeu, 20°26'54''S 166°24'00''E, 3 m depth; J. T.
WiLLıams, R/V “Alis”, St. JTW 91-18; 19 Nov. 1991. - USNM 319872, 1 specimen; Ouvéa
Atoll, southern section of lagoon, off Gee Islet on lagoon side, 20°39'30''S 166°23'00''E, 18 m
depth; J. T. WıLLıams, P. TIRARD & J.-L. MENou; 14 Nov. 1991. - USNM 319873, 10 speci-
mens; same data as SMNS 21287.
Comparison material. Cocos Keeling Islands: ANSP 149657, 1 specimen, 16.7 mm
SL; West Island, ocean side, cove on N end, 12°08'22''S 96°49'00''E, 0.5-1.0 m depth; W. F.
SMITH-VANIZ et alii; 1974. - ANSP 149658, 2 specimens, 32.6-41.5 mm SL; Direction Island,
tidal channel and adjacent sandy area at S end of island, 12°05'35''S 96°53'10''E, 1.5-5.0 m
depth; W. F. SMITH-VanIz x P. L. CoLin; 31 Mar. 1974.
Solomon Islands: AMS 1.39030-106, 1 specimen; Santa Cruz Islands, Duff Islands, Lakao Is-
land, Temomoa Point, 09°47'54''S 165°05'18''E, 0-10 m depth; M. MCGROUTHER et alii; 24
Sep. 1998. - USNM 357264, 1 specimen; Santa Cruz Islands, Duff Island, Lakao at NW end
at Temomoa Point, 09°47'54''S 165°05'18''E, 0-10 m depth; J. T. WırLıams et alii; 24 Sep.
1998.
Vanuatu: AMS 1.37928-009, 3 specimens, 20.8-33.6 mm SL; Banks Group, Rowa Island, lee-
ward side of reef, NW side, 13°38'S 167°30'E, 1-7 m depth; M. MCGROUTHER et alii; 20 May
1997.
Kiribati, Gilbert Islands: AMS 1.18027-002, 1 female, 20 mm SL; Betio Island, Tarawa; D. F.
Hoesg; 1 Nov. 1973. - AMS 1.18038-014, 1 specimen; off Ribona Island, Abaiang Atoll; D. F.
HoeseE & B. GoLDMaAN; 5 Nov. 1973.
Tonga: USNM 334459, 1 specimen; E'ua Island, reef just S of Ohonua Harbour, 21°20'15"'S
174°58'14'"'W , 18-26 m depth; J. T. WıLLıams et alii; 2 Nov. 1993. - USNM 338555, 6 speci-
mens; Vava'u Group, Vava'u Island, W of Vaipuua, a point NW of Mount Talau, 18°38'23''S
173°59'54"'W, 0-1.3 m depth; J. T. WILLIAMS et alii; 16 Nov. 1993.
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Islands); New Caledonıa (Grande Terre; new record);
Loyalty Islands (new record) (Fig. 11). Outside the area, the species is distributed
from the Cocos Keeling Islands in the west, Vietnam, China and the Philippines in
the north to Australia in the south, Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands (new record),
Vanuatu (new record) and Kiribati/Gilbert Islands (new record) in the east, Tonga
(new record) and Cook Islands in the southeast; the species is living in lagoons and
on sand patches around coral reefs at depths of 0-34 m. Rotuma.
4.11. Synchiropus circularis Fricke, 1984
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) circularis Fricke, 1984: 68-71, fig. 1 (Beach Cave Cove, northwest
of Tinian Town, Tinian, Marianas Islands, 14°59.7'N 145°36.2'E; holotype: USNM
267390, ex University of Guam 5130).
Synchiropus circularis: KULBICKI, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Islands, 5 m
depth). - RANDALL, ALLEN & STEENE, 1997: 524, photo (Chesterfield Bank, 3.0-7.5 m
depth, reef). - Myers, 1999: 232 (Philippines, Marianas, and Chesterfield Banks).
28 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Figs 11-12. Geographical distribution of callionymid fish species in New Caledonian waters.
— 11. Diplogrammus goramensis (above); — 12. Synchiropus circularis (below).
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 29
Material
Total: 7 specimens (including 5 specimens listed by Fricke, 1984).
Comparison material. Philippines: ROM 53502, 1 male, 30.1 mm SL, and 1 female,
44.8 mm SL; Visayas, Sumilon Island, Cebu Strait, 9°26'07''N 123°23'04''E, 3.7-7.6 m depth;
D. JOHNSON et alii; 21 May 1987.
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Islands) (Fig. 12). Outside the area, Malaysia (Sabah),
Philippines and Mariana Islands. New record for Malaysia.
Remarks
Record from Malaysia based on underwater photo of mating specimens from
Sabah by R. Yın (La Jolla, U.S.A.), taken in October, 1999.
4.12. Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960
Synchiropus morrisoni Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960: 409-410, fig. 132 (Bikini Atoll; holo-
type: USNM 141126). — Fricke, 1981b: 98-102, figs 30-31 (revision; Caroline Islands
and American Samoa). — FRICKE, 1983: 630-635, figs 195-196 (revision; western and cen-
tral Pacific). - KuLBIcK1, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Islands, 8 m depth,
based on photography).
Distribution
Chesterfield Islands (Fig. 13). Outside the area, Western Australia, southern
Japan, Ryukyu Islands and northern Sulawesi/Indonesia to Marshall Islands and
American Samoa. New record from Lembeh Strait, northern Sulawesi, Indonesia,
based on color photo by C. Petrinos (Athens, Greece) (C. PETRINOS, personal
communication, May 2000).
4.13. Synchiropus novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993
Synchiropus novaecaledoniae Fricke, 1993: 372-374, fig. 3 (New Caledonia; holotype:
MNHN 1993-0140).
Material
Total: 18 specimens.
Holotype. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, West Jumeau Seamount: MNHN 1993-
0140, male, 68.9 mm SL; 23°40.1'S 167°59.7'E, 246 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.14; 22
May 1987.
Paratypes. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, West Jumeau Seamount: MNHN 1993-
0138, 1 female, 45.2 mm SL; same data as the holotype. - MNHN 1993-0139, 1 female, 27.8
mm SL; 23°41.4'S 168°00.6'E, 230-240 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. DW.73; 7 Sep. 1989. -SMNS
12540, 2 females, 33.7-ca. 35 mm SL (second specimen head only); 23°41.2'S 168°00.5'E,
240-280 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. DW.76; 7 Sep. 1989.
New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, unnamed seamount: SMNS 12539, 1 female, 33.1 mm SL;
23°21.2'S 168°04.9'E, 225-270 m depth; R/V “Allis”, St. DW.101; 14 Sep. 1989.
Other material. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, West Jumeau Seamount: NMNZ
P.29044, 2 males, 52.3-57.7 mm SL; 23°41.30'S 168°00.57'E — 23°40.52'S 168°00.52'E,
230-250 m depth; R/V “Alis”, Cruise BERYX 11; 20 Oct. 1992. - NMNZ P.29110, 1 female,
49.4 mm SL; 23°41.48'S 168°00.65'E — 23°41.70'S 168°00.22'E, 240-300 m depth; R/V “Alis”,
Cruise BERYX 11; 20 Oct. 1992. - NMNZ P.29144, 1 female, 55.8 mm SL; 23°42.00'S
168°01.25'E — 23°42.90'S 168°01.25'E, 300-350 m depth; R/V “Alis”, Cruise BERYX 11; 20
Oct. 1992. - SMNS 11613, 2 specimens; 23°40'36''S 168°01'06''E; R/V “Allis”, St. DW.70;
30 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Figs 13-14. Geographical distribution of Synchiropus species in New Caledonian waters. - 13.
S. morrisoni (circles) and S. ocellatus (squares) (above); - 14. S. novaecaledoniae
(below).
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 31
7 Sep. 1989. - SMNS 21265, 5 specimens, 50.3-64.1 mm SL; 23°41'40''S 168°00'42''E, 260 m
depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, R/V “ Alis”, Cruise BATHUS 3, St. 804; 27 Dec. 1993. - SMNS
21275, 2 specimens, 54.0-65.2 mm SL; 23°40'16.2''S 168°00'57''E, 280 m depth; LE Hopey,
R/V “Alis”, Cruise BERYX 11, St. CP.45; 20 Oct. 1992. - SMNS 21288, 1 specimen, 45.7 mm
SL; 23°39'04.2''S 167°59'04.2''E, 280 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.20 SMIB-3; 23 May
1987.
Distribution
New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge (West Jumeau Seamount) (Fig. 14). The species is
found at depths of 225-350 m on the submarine ridge southeast of the Ile des Pins.
It is endemic to the area.
Remarks
In addition to the original description, the life colouration of the species was doc-
umented (based on colour photographs by C. D. ROBERTS of NMNZ specimens):
Head and body rose grey, with brown spots, blotches and streaks.
Male: First dorsal fin basally dark brown, distally yellow. Second dorsal fin with
vertical yellow streaks, distal margin yellow. Caudal fin with vertical rows of yellow
spots. Caudal fin base with two large yellow blotches. Other fins translucent or
whitish.
Female: Body with yellowish spots. First dorsal fin anteriorly bluish white, pos-
teriorly greyish, third membrane with a black ocellus. Second dorsal fin with
oblique stripes of yellowish brown.
4.14. Synchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770) (Fig. 15)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427032
Callionymus ocellatus Pallas, 1770: 25-28, pl. 4, figs. 1-3 (Amboina/Ambon Island, Moluc-
cas/Maluku, Indonesia; neotype: SMNS 21263, as designated below).
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) ocellatus: FRICKE, 1981b: 90-97, figs. 28-29 (Okinawa, Vietnam,
Indonesia, Philippines, Palau, Yap, New Guinea, Australia/Queensland, New Caledo-
nia, Fiji, Tonga). — Fricke, 1983: 635-642, fig. 197 (Japan/Izu Islands, Ryukyu Islands,
Philippines, Caroline Islands/Ponape, Indonesia, New Guinea, New Britain, Queens-
land, Fiji, Marquesas Islands, Pitcairn).
Neosynchiropus ocellatus: NAKABO, 1991b: 2-5 (early juveniles; Okinawa and Izu, Japan). —
Nakao, 1993: 990, fig. (Japan; with pictorial key).
Synchiropus ocellatus: RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 31 (Nouvelle-
Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist). — Fricke, 1993: 374 (New Caledonia). —
ALLEN, 1996: 111 (Scott Reef, north-western Australia). — YEARSLEY, LAST & Morris,
1997: Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Material
Total: 178 specimens (including 158 specimens listed by Fricke, 1981b, 1983).
Material from the study area. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: AMS IB.7082, 1 male,
68.2 mm SL; R. Catara; 30 Dec. 1963. - NMNZ P.29600, 1 male (44.7 mm SL) and 1 female
(44.2 mm SL); Goeland Cay, 6 nautical miles off Nouméa, 22°23'S 166°23'E, 2-3 m depth; C.
D. Roserts & M. KuLsicxt; 27 Oct. 1992. - NMNZ P.29479, 1 male, 48.3 mm SL; same data
as NMNZ P.29600. - SMNS 18313, 4 specimens, 23.2-40.8 mm SL; southeastern coast,
Touaourou, 6 km SE of Yaté, 22°10'36''S 166°57'51''E, 0-0.6 m depth, lagoon area at low tide;
R. Fricke; 26 July 1996. -SMNS 21245, 1 female, 16.9 mm SL; Passe de Saint-Vincent, 60 km
WNW of Nouméa, 22°02'06''S 164°57'00''E, 4 m depth; M. Kursrcxi, R/V “Allis”, St. 4; 21
Mar. 1990. - SMNS 21264, 2 specimens, 44.7-52.7 mm SL; Grande Rade, Baie de Numbo,
22°18'51''S 166°27'29"'E, 6 m depth, coral and sand; M. Kursıck1; 1 Apr. 1999. - SMNS
21299, 1 specimen, 18.3 mm SL; Récif Abore 1, 22°23'50''S 166°18'10''E,5 m depth, coral and
32 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
sand; M. Kursickt; 5 Aug. 1996. - SMNS 22090, 1 specimen; NE coast, Province Nord, 4 km
NW Tao, 25 km NW Hienghene, 20°31'49''S 164°47'01''E, 0.2-3.5 m depth; R. FrickE; 13
May 2000.
Loyalty Islands: SMNS 21675, 1 specimen; Baie du Santal, 2 km NNE Peng, 8 km S Xepene-
he, Lifou Island, 20°51'46''S 167°09'35''E, coralline rocks, 2 m depth; R. Fricke; 18 July 1999.
— SMNS 22117, 1 specimen; same data as SMNS 21675; 20 May 2000.
Comparison material. Solomon Islands: AMS 1.39010-137, 1 specimen; Santa Cruz
Islands, Reef and Lomlom Islands, Nialo Point, east side of Forrest Pass, 10°16'00''S
166°18'30''E, 0-35 m depth; M. MCGROUTHER et alii; 18 Sep. 1998.
Vanuatu: AMS 1.37308-033, 1 male; Erromango Island, 0-3 m depth; M. MCGROUTHER et
alii; 26 May 1996. -— AMS 1.37332-028, 1 female; Namuka Islands, south of Epi Island,
16°49.63'S 168°22.35'E, 0-2 m depth; J. T. WırLıams et alii; 11 June 1996. - USNM 343884, 1
female, 21.9 mm SL; Shepherd Islands, Namuka Island, W side of island along rocky and
sandy shore, 16°49'37''S 168°22'15''E, 0-2 m depth; J. T. WıLLıams et alii, M/V “Lewia”; 11
June 1996. - USNM 343885, 1 subadult, 8.9 mm SL, Shepherd Islands, Tongoa Island, Judy
Reef at NW tip of island, 16°52'30''S 168°31'30''E, 1-6 m depth; J. T. WILLIAMS et alii, M/V
“Lewia”; 9 June 1996. - USNM 343886, 1 male, 49.4 mm SL; Erromango Island, Dillon's Bay,
tide pool on SW side of bay along Williams Point, 18°49'39''S 169°00'23"'E, 0-1 m depth; J. T.
WILLIAMS, M/V “Lewia”; 25-26 May 1996. - USNM 343906, 1 female, 20.5 mm SL; Erro-
mango Island, Port Narevin, SE edge of harbor, rocky shore through a surge channel through
reef to sand, 0-6 m depth; J. T. WıLLıams et alii, M/V “Lewia”; 28 May 1996.
Distribution
New Caledonia (Grande Terre); Loyalty Islands (Lifou; new record) (Fig. 13).
Outside the area, the species is widespread in the western and central Pacific, be-
tween Vietnam, Indonesia, Japan, northern Australia, Marquesas Islands and Pit-
cairn; it is found from the intertidal zone to depths of at least 30 m. New record from
Solomon Islands.
Remarks
This species was previously only recorded from New Caledonia on the basis of a
single specimen (AMS IB.7082), with no precise localıty stated.
Parras (1770: 25-28, pl. 4, figs 1-3) described and illustrated his Callionymus
ocellatus on the basis of two specimens, a male and a female. Though the illustration
is of a relatively high quality, 1 it is impossible to identify the description and illustra-
tion to the species level, as important characters are not mentioned or shown; Pat-
LAS's species may have either been based on Synchiropus bartels: Fricke, 1981, S.
moyeri Zaiser & Fricke, 1985, S. ocellatus, or S. stellatus Smith, 1963. No type mate-
rial could be detected (EscHMEYER, 1998: 1223; own research, see FRICKE, 1982b:
77). Type material of this species was not found in collections housing PALLAS mate-
rials, neither in the ZISP, St Petersburg nor in the ZMB, Berlin. The original illustra-
tion was probably directly taken from specimens which were then discarded and
never reached a museum collection. In order to stabilize the present taxonomic sta-
tus and usage of the name (in the sense of FRICKE, 1983: 635-642, fig. 197, including
diagnosis), I hereby designate the following specimen as the neotype of Callionymus
ocellatus Pallas, 1770 (which well agrees with the description and the male specimen
illustrated by ParLas, 1770: pl. 4, fig. 1; as no good specimen from the former type
locality Ambon is available, Iam choosing a specimen in good condition from Cebu
Island in the southern Philippines which originates from a locality that seems close
enough):
Neotype. SMNS 21263, male, 72.8 mm SL, 94.3 mm TL; Philippines: Santa Rosa, Lapu Lapu
City, Cebu Island, 10°19'S 123°57'E; Tropical Fish Exporter; Mar. 1980.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 33
—
Fig. 15. Synchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770); Philippines, Cebu Island, Lapu Lapu City,
SMNS 21263, neotype, male, 72.8 mm SL. - Above, lateral view (scale: 10 mm); —
below, left preopercular spine (scale: 2 mm).
Description of neotype: D; IV; D2 8; A 1,6; Pı 11,16-17,1 (total 19-20); P» 1,5;
C (11),1,7,11,(1).
Body elongate and depressed. Head slightly depressed, 3.8 in SL. Eye 2.8 in head.
Preorbital length 3.2 in head. Interorbital distance 7.6 in head. Maxillary length 3.6
in head. Preopercular spine length 6.3 in head. Preopercular spine formula - 1.
Body depth 5.3 in SL. Body width 4.2 in SL. Urogenital papilla 18.3 in head. Caudal
peduncle length 5.1 in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 9.8 in SL.
First dorsal fin high, all spines elongate, without filaments; first spine 2.4 in SL,
2nd spine 2.4, 3rd spine 2.6, 4th spine 3.6. Predorsal (1) length 3.25 in SL. Second
dorsal fin rays branched, the last divided at its base. First ray of second dorsal fin 5.1
in SL, 5th ray 4.4, last ray 4.6. Predorsal (2) length 2.2 in SL. Anal fin beginning ona
vertical through 2nd membrane of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays branched except
for the first, the last divided at its base. First anal fin ray 9.7 in SL, 5th ray 5.3, last ray
4.9. Preanal fin length 1.9 in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to 3rd anal fin membrane when
laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.1 in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.7 in SL. Pelvic fin
reaching to 2nd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine 12.6 in SL; pelvic
fin length 2.8. Prepelvic fin length 4.6 in SL. Caudal fin distally convex; caudal fin
length 3.2 in SL.
Colouration as described by Fricke (1983: 641); the first dorsal fin has three ocel-
ln GE ig: 45),
4.15. Synchiropus orstom n.sp. (Fig. 16)
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) altivelis (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845): Fricke, 1993: 371-372
(part: New Caledonia).
34 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
$ ei
1 SES = er
Fig. 16. Synchiropus orstom, n.sp.; New Caledonia, East Jumeau Seamount, 402 m depth;
MNHN 1999-1254, holotype, male, 85.2 mm SL. - Above, lateral view (scale: 10
mm); — centre, left preopercular spine (scale: 3 mm); - SMNS 21276, female, 104.3
mm SL; below, lateral view (scale: 10 mm).
Material
Total: 6 specimens.
Holotype. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, East Jumeau Seamont: MNHN 1999-
1254, male, 85.2 mm SL; 23°45'52.2''S 168°16'57"'E, 402 m depth; C. Desrrus, R/V “Alis”,
Cruise SMIB.8, St. DW.179; 30 Jan. 1993.
Paratypes. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, Azteque Seamount: SMNS 11612, 1 male,
105.5 mm SL; 23°37'30''S 167°42'06''E, 460 m depth; R/V “Allis”, St. Aztéque 7; 14 Feb. 1990.
New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, East Jumeau Semount: SMNS 21276, 1 female, 104.3 mm
SL; same data as the holotype.
Other material. New Caledonia, Norfolk Ridge, East Jumeau Seamount: NMNZ
P.29340, 1 male (99.4 mm SL) and 1 female (96.6 mm SL); 23°44.50'S 168°16.70'E — 23°45.30'S
168°16.80'E, 390-400 m depth; R/V “Alis”, Cruise BERYX 11; 21 Oct. 1992. - NMNZ
P.29373, 1 male, 110.9 mm SL; 23°44.80'S 168°16.85'E — 23°40.50'S 168°15.52'E, 390-420 m
depth; R/V “Alis”, Cruise BERYX 11; 21 Oct. 1992.
Etymology
The new species is named after the O.R.S.T.O.M. (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et
Technique Outre-Mer; now named I.R.D., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) ap-
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 38
preciating the great effort in exploring the New Caledonian marine biodiversity. Most of the
New Caledonian callionymid fish material was obtained during research cruises of the Cen-
tre de Nouméa of that institution. In the species name, the acronym is used as a noun in ap-
position.
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchi-
ropus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays, 20-22 pectoral fin rays; a
preopercular spine with a thin, short, upcurved main tip and with a strong, vertical,
curved point on its dorsal margin; eye of a medium size, eye diameter 2.1-2.5 in
head; first dorsal fin higher than second dorsal fin in both sexes, first spine in the
male with a short filament; second dorsal fin distally straight in both sexes, first ray
not elongate in the male; anal fin relatively low; caudal fin elongate, without fila-
ments; the first dorsal fin with an elongate dark blotch basally on the third mem-
brane; the anal fin distally spotted in the male, pale in the female; the caudal fin dis-
tally dark; the pelvic fin distally dark grey in the male.
Description
D, IV (IV); D2 8 (8); A vi,1 (vi,1); Py 17-18, ii, total 20-21 (i,17-19,ü, total 20-22);
P, 1,5 (1,5); C (i),i,7,11,(1) ((1),1,7,11,(1)).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, 3.6 (3.3-3.7) in SL.
Eye 2.5 (2.1-2.4) in head. Preorbital length 4.7 (4.3-4.4) in head. Interorbital distance
14.4 (15.5-28.4) in head. Maxillary length 3.6 (3.7) in head. Occipital region with two
low bony protuberances. Preopercular spine with a thin, short, upcurved main tip;
with a strong, vertical, curved point on its dorsal margin; a smooth ventral margin;
and lacking an antrorse spine at its base (Fig. 16, centre). Preopercular spine length
5.5 (4.7-6.0) in head. Preopercular spine formula - 1 (- +1). Lateral lines of the
opposite sides of the body interconnected by a commissure across the predorsal re-
gion. Body depth 6.7 (6.1-6.2) in SL. Body width 5.6 (5.1-5.4) in SL. Urogenital
papilla in the male 14.8 (12.2) in head, in the female not visible. Caudal peduncle
length 4.2 (4.5-5.2) in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 17.0 (16.8-18.6) in SL.
First dorsal fin high in both sexes, the first spine in the male with a short filament;
length of first spine in the male 2.5 (3.4) in SL, 2nd spine 2.9 (3.9), 3rd spine 5.0 (6.0),
4th spine 7.3 (8.8); 1st spine in the female 2.6 in SL, 2nd spine 3.2, 3rd spine 5.0, 4th
spine 9.2. Predorsal (1) length 3.3 (3.0-3.1). Second dorsal fin rays branched, the last
divided at its base. First ray of second dorsal fin in the male 4.0 (3.7) in SL, 5th ray
6.4 (6.2), last ray 3.6 (3.8); 1st ray in the female 4.2 in SL, 5th ray 5.2, last ray 4.8. Pre-
dorsal (2) length 2.2 (2.1). Anal fin beginning on a vertical through 2nd or 3rd mem-
brane of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays unbranched, the last divided at its base. First
anal fin ray in the male 10.2 (10.8), 5th ray 6.4 (6.5), last ray 5.2 (4.6); Ist ray in the
female 11.7 in SL, 5th ray 5.9, last ray 5.8. Preanal fin length 1.9 (1.8). Pectoral fin
reaching to 2nd or 3rd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.2
(4.0-4.4) in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.6 (2.5-2.6). Pelvic fin reaching to 1st anal fin
membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine 12.9 (11.5) in SL; pelvic fin length 3.3
(3.2-3.4) in SL. Prepelvic fin length 3.6 (3.4-3.8). Caudal fin distally slightly elon-
gate, longer in males than in females, lacking filaments in both sexes; caudal fin
length in the male 2.4 (2.5) in SL, in the female 3.0 in SL.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body pale, back and sides of body with irregular
brown spots and saddles. Eye dark grey. First dorsal fin pale, third membrane in the
36 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
male with an elongate blackish blotch on the basal three-fourths and a small distal
black spot; in the female with a grey blotch on the basal half. Second dorsal pale; an-
terior rays in the female with a distal grey spot each. Anal fin pale, 3rd to last mem-
branes in the male with distal dark grey blotches. Caudal fin pale; in the male upper
distal margin dark grey, in the female whole distal margin greyish. Pelvic fins pale, in
the male with a distal grey blotch. Pectoral fin translucent.
Sexual dimorphism. Males have a higher first dorsal fin than females, a longer cau-
dal fin, a longer urogenital papilla, and a slightly different colouration of the first and
second dorsal, anal, caudal and pelvic fins.
Distribution
The new species is known only from the East Jumeau and Aztéque seamounts,
situated on the Norfolk Ridge, ESE of Grande Terre, New Caledonia (Fig. 17); it
was collected at depths of 390-460 m.
Relationships
Synchiropus orstom n.sp. is a member of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group
(other species of the group see description of S. altivelis, 5.7.). It is distinguished
from other species with a medium-sized eye (eye diameter 2.3-3.0 in head length) by
the short, upcurved main tip of its preopercular spine (long in S. hawatiensis, S.
monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae, S. paxtoni; straight in S. grinnelli, S. hawaiiensis,
S. kanmuensis, S. kinmeiensis, S. novaecaledoniae), the vertical dorsal point on the
preopercular spine (recurved in S. australis, S. hawatiensis, S. masudai, S. paxtoni),
the first dorsal fin in higher than the second dorsal fin in both sexes (same height as
second dorsal fin in S. delandi; lower in the male in S. hawaiiensis, lower in both sex-
es in S. kinmeiensis, lower in the female in S. masudai), first spine of second dorsal
fin elongate in males (not elongate in S. australis, S. grinnelli, S. monacanthus), single
filament in male's first dorsal fin (no filament in S. monacanthus and S. richeri, 3 fil-
aments in S. novaecaledoniae), the high second dorsal fin (low in S. grinnelli and S.
kanmuensis), the second dorsal fin distally convex in both sexes (distally straight in
male S. australis, S. grinnelli, S. kanmuensis, S. novaecaledoniae; distally straight in
females of all other species except S. paxtonz), the lacking caudal fin filaments (fila-
ments present in S. australis, male S. grinnelli, S. Ramoharai, male S. kanmuensis, S.
kinmeiensis, S. masudat, S. paxtoni, and S. richeri), third membrane of first dorsal fin
in males with a dark blotch (pale in S. delandi, S. kanmuensis, S. masudai; striped in
S. kamoharai, S. monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae), third membrane of first dorsal
fin in females with a dark blotch (pale in S. kanmuensis, S. masudai, S. paxtoni;
striped in S. kamoharai; basally dark in S. monacanthus), anal fin in the male distal-
ly spotted (pale in S. hawaiiensis, S. kamoharai, S. kanmuensis, S. kinmeiensis, S. ma-
sudai, S. novaecaledoniae, S. paxtoni, S. richeri), anal fin in the female pale (distally
spotted in S. hawatiensis, S. kamoharat), caudal fin distally dark (pale in male S.
hawauensis, S. kamoharai, S. kanmuensis, S. novaecaledoniae, S. paxtoni, S. richeri),
and the pale pelvic fins (distally dark in S. australis, S. delandi, S. grinnelli, S. masu-
dai, male S. monacanthus; with two rows of dark spots in S. hawaiiensis).
Synchiropus richeri also differs from S. orstom in having a higher second dorsal fin
and a lower first dorsal fin; S. signipinnis differs in having a lower first dorsal fin in
females with is distally dark, lacking a basal dark blotch on third membrane, a short-
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 37
Figs 17-18. Geographical distribution of Synchiropus species in New Caledonian waters. — 17.
S. orstom (squares), S. richeri (triangle) and S. signipinnis (circle) (above); — 18. S.
rameus (below).
38 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
er caudal fin, a longer main tip of the preopercular spine, a pale first dorsal fin, anal
fin, caudal and pelvic fin in the male.
Remarks
This species was regarded by Fricke (1993) as belonging to S. altivelis. When sub-
sequently additional material became available, East Jumeau and Aztéque seamount
specimens were found to be consistently different from NW Pacific material of S. al-
tivelıs.
4.16. Synchiropus rameus (McCulloch, 1926)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427009
Callionymus, Calliurichthys, rameus McCulloch, 1926: 201-203, pl. 53 (Cape Capricorn,
Queensland, Australia; holotype: AMS E.6504, not found according to ESCHMEYER,
1998: 1423).
Synchiropus (Orbonymus) rameus: FRICKE, 1981b: 144-148, fig. 45 (Western Australia, north-
ern Australia). — FRICKE, 1983: 684-687, fig. 212 (New Caledonia, Western Australia,
Gulf of Carpentaria/Queensland; 23-75 m). — SAINSBURY, KAILOLA & LEYLAND, 1985:
346 (Northwest Shelf and Kimberley region, northwestern Australia).
Orbonymus rameus: RIVATON, 1989: 145 (Iles Chesterfield).
Synchiropus rameus: KULBICKI & WANTIEZ, 1990: 124 (St. Vincent Bay, New Caledonia). —
Fricke, 1993: 374 (New Caledonia). — Rivaron, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI,
1989: 31 (Nouvelle-Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist). - KuULBICKT, RANDALL &
Rıvaron, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Islands, 91 m depth). - YEARSLEY, Last x Morris, 1997:
Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Material
Total: 34 specimens (including 6 specimens listed by FRICke, 1981b, 1983).
Material from the study area. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: SMNS 21270, 2 spec-
imens, 60.5-62.7 mm SL; 19°17'54''S 158°34'15''E, 65-68 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGESs,
R/V “Coriolis”, Cruise CHALCAL, St. CP.7; 18 July 1984. - SMNS 21279, 7 specimens,
45.1-74.0 mm SL; 20°35'18''S 158°47'24''E, 67 m depth; B. RrcHER DE Forces, R/V “Corio-
lis”, Cruise CHALCAL 1, St. CP.12; 23 July 1984. - SMNS 21280, 1 specimen, 70.9 mm SL;
20°50'57.6''S 158°36'37.2''E, 70 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, R/V “Coriolis”, Cruise
CHALCAL 1, St. CP.13; 23 July 1984.
New Caledonia, islands north of Grande Terre: SMNS 11615, 1 specimen; Ile Art, S shore,
19°57'18''S 163°52'48''E, 25-26 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. CP.1068; 24 Oct. 1989. - SMNS
11617, 1 specimen; reef 15 km WNW Ile Yandé, 19°59'06''S 163°52'30''E, 24-30 m depth; R/V
“Alis”, St. CP.1069; 24 Oct. 1989. - SMNS 11906, 1 specimen; 35 km ESE Ile Art, 19°50'48''S
164°00'E, 28 m depth; R/V “ Alıs”, St. DW.1073; 24 Oct. 1989.-SMNS 11907, 1 specimen; 5 km
W Ile Pott, 19°35'18''S 163°24'36''E, 48 m depth; R/V “Alis”, St. DW.1192; 1 Nov. 1989.
New Caledonia Grande Terre: MNHN 1980-0947, 1 female, 64.0 mm SL; M.-L. BaucHoT &
L. A. Maucgé; 1980. - MNHN 1993-0141, 1 specimen; Baie de Saint-Vincent Sud, 22°05'05''S
166°05'E, 15 m depth, M. Kursick1; 20 Nov. 1989. - SMNS 9888, 1 specimen; same data as
MNHN 1993-0141. - SMNS 11908, 1 specimen; S part of Baie de Saint-Vincent, 22°06'12''S
166°05'48''E, 17 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.175; 18 Sep. 1984. - SMNS 17846, 2 speci-
mens, 89.9-92.0 mm SL; northwestern lagoon, 30 km WNW of Poum, 20°04'18''S
163°32'12''E, 27 m depth; O.R.S.T.O.M., Nouméa, St. 1023; 3 Apr. 1988. - SMNS 21311, 1
specimen, 34.7 mm SL; 22°04'30''S 166°03'24"'E, 12 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, R/V
“Vauban”, Cruise LAGON, St. 177; 18 Sep. 1984. -SMNS 21282, 5 specimens, 73.9-93.7 mm
SL; Baie de Saint-Vincent, 22°05'12''S 166°04'42''E, 13 m depth; M. Kurzickt1, 20 Aug. 1985.
New Caledonia, Récif du Sud, S of Grande Terre: SMNS 11614, 1 specimen; 22°45'S
166°45'48''E, 46 m depth; R/V “Vauban”, St. DW.310; 27 Nov. 1984.
Comparison material. Australia, Queensland: AMS E.6504, holotype, male,
143.7 mm SL; 21 km SE of Cape Capricorn, 23°37'S 151°22'E, 24 m depth; FIS “Endeavour”;
29 July 1910.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 39
Australia, New South Wales: AMS I.26312-010, 1 female, 63 mm SL; NE of Yamba, 29°25'S
153°30'E — 29°18'S 153°30'E, 49-54 m depth; FRV “Kapala”; 22 May 1986.
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Islands); New Caledonia (Grande Terre, including islands
in the north and Récif du Sud) (Fig. 18). The species was found at depths of 15-48 m.
Outside the area, it occurs around the northern half of Australia, south to New
South Wales at 29°25'S, at depths of 23-75 m.
4.17. Synchiropus richeri n.sp. (Fig. 19)
Material
Total: 5 specimens.
Holotype. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: MNHN 1999-1253, male, 87.2 mm SL; E
slope, 30 km E Thio, 21°43'03''S 166°38'34.2''E, 565 m depth; B. RICHER DE Forces, R/V
“Alis”, Cruise BATHUS 1, St. 708; 19 Mar. 1993.
Paratypes. New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 21281, 3 males, 81.0-84.2 mm SL, and
1 female, 80.8 mm SL; same data as the holotype.
Etymology
The new species is named in honour of BERTRAND RICHER DE Forces (IRD, Nouméa,
Nouvelle-Calédonie), appreciating his efforts in collecting the type material of the new
species, and many other New Caledonian callionymid fishes.
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchi-
ropus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays, 20-22 pectoral fin rays, a
short upcurved main tip and a strong curved dorsal point on the preopercular spine,
the first dorsal fin not much higher than the first ray of the second dorsal fin; the sec-
ond dorsal fin in the male slightly elongate; the caudal fin in the male with the medi-
an rays filamentous; the eye very large, eye diameter 1.7-2.1 in head; the first dorsal
fin pale, with a basal dark grey blotch on the third membrane in both sexes; the body
pale, with the postorbital area and the anterior back covered with small brown
blotches.
Description
D; IV (IV); D2 8 (8); A vil (vi,1); Pı ii,18,ü, total 22 (i-ii,16-19,i—ii, total 20-22);
Ps 1,5 (1,5); C (11),1,7,11,(11) ((1),1,7,11,(11)).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, 3.1 (3.1-3.5) in SL.
Eye 2.1 (1.7-2.0) in head. Preorbital length 5.4 (4.7-6.6) in head. Interorbital distance
21.6 (15.8-29.9) in head. Maxillary length 4.0 (2.6-3.9) in head. Occipital region with
two very low bony protuberances. Preopercular spine with a short, stout, nearly
vertically upcurved main tip, a strong, vertical point on its dorsal margin, a smooth
ventral margin, and a smooth base (Fig. 19, centre). Preopercular spine length 5.7
(4.2-6.7) in head. Preopercular spine formula - 1 (- 11). Body depth 6.1 (5.9-6.3)
in SL. Body width 5.8 (5.5-6.1) in SL. Lateral lines of the opposite sides of the body
interconnected by a commissure across the predorsal area. Urogenital papilla in the
male 12.2 (16.8-18.0) in head, in the female 27.0 in head. Caudal peduncle length 4.2
(4.3-4.5) in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 18.6 (18.3-19.7) in SL.
40 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Fig. 19. Synchiropus richeri n.sp.; New Caledonia, Grande Terre, eastern slope, 30 km E
Thio, 565 m depth; MNHN 1999-1253, holotype, male, 87.2 mm SL. — Above,
lateral view (scale: 10 mm); - centre, left preopercular spine (scale: 3 mm). -SMNS
21281, specimen 1, paratype, female, 80.8 mm SL; below, lateral view (scale:
10 mm).
First dorsal fin not much higher than first ray of second dorsal spine in both sex-
es, without filaments; first spine in the male 3.7 (3.6-4.9) in SL, 2nd spine 4.5
(4.8-5.0), 3rd spine 6.3 (5.8-6.4), 4th spine 8.9 (9.0-9.5); 1st spine in the female 4.4 in
SL, 2nd spine 5.0, 3rd spine 6.6, 4th spine 11.8. Predorsal (1) length 2.9 (2.8-3.0) in
SL. Second dorsal fin rays branched, the last divided at its base. Second dorsal fin
slightly concave in the male, first ray slightly elongate, its length 4.1 (3.8-4.0) in SL;
5th ray 4.1 (4.2-4.3), last ray slightly elongate, 3.4 (3.5-3.8); second dorsal fin in the
female distally mostly straight, 1st ray 4.4 in SL, 5th ray 5.4, last ray 5.4. Predorsal
(2) length 2.0 (2.0-2.1) in SL. Anal fin beginning on a vertical through 3rd membrane
of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays unbranched, the last divided at its base. First anal
fin ray in the male 12.8 (11.2-14.2) in SL, 5th ray 7.6 (5.8-7.1), last ray 4.1 (3.8-4.7);
Ist ray in the female 13.5 in SL, 5th ray 7.7, last ray 6.4. Preanal fin length 1.8
(1.7-1.8) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to 3rd or 4th anal fin membrane when laid back.
Pectoral fin length 3.8 (3.8-3.9). Prepectoral fin length 2.5 (2.4-2.5) in SL. Pelvic fin
reaching to 2nd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine 14.8 (12.4-14.8)
in SL; pelvic fin length 3.2 (3.1-3.4) in SL. Prepelvic fin length 3.2 (3.1-3.6) in SL.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 41
Caudal fin distally elongate in the male, median rays bearing short filaments; in the
female slightly shorter, without filaments; caudal fin length in the male 2.2 (2.1-2.4)
in SL, in the female 2.6 in SL.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body pale whitish, eye dark grey dorsally, silvery lat-
erally. Postorbital area and anterior back with small brown blotches, forming double
saddles below the anterior section of the second dorsal fin base. First dorsal fin in the
male with a small distal black spot on the second membrane, and in both sexes with
a larger dark grey bloch basally on the third membrane. Other fins pale or translu-
cent.
Sexual dimorphism. Males have slightly higher first and second dorsal fins than
females, a longer caudal fin with median filaments, and a longer urogenital papilla.
Distribution
The new species is known only from the type locality on the eastern slope of
Grande Terre/New Caledonia, 30 km east of Thio (Fig. 17); it was collected at a
depth of 565 m.
Relationships
Synchiropus richeri, n.sp. is a member of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group
of the subgenus Synchiropus (Synchiropus) (names and references of other species of
the group see below at description of S. altivelis, 5.7.). The new species is distin-
guished from other species of the subgroup with very large eyes (eye diameter
1.7-2.2 in head) by the short and upcurved main tip of its preopercular spine (longer
and straight in S. novaecaledoniae, S. signipinnis), the first dorsal fin which is as high
as the second dorsal fin in both sexes (lower in both sexes of S. grandoculis; higher in
S. novaecaledoniae, S. orstom, male S. monacanthus and male S. signipinnis), lacking
filaments in the first dorsal fin in both sexes (3 filaments in male S. novaecaledoniae;
1 filament present in male S. signipinnis and both sexes of S. orstom), second dorsal
fin relatively high in males (low in S. grandoculis), second dorsal fin distally concave
in the male (straight in S. novaecaledoniae, S. signipinnis), caudal fin bearing median
filaments in males (without filaments in male S. monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae, S.
orstom, S. signipinnis), first dorsal fin with a black blotch on third membrane in both
sexes (pale in S. grandoculis; striped in male S. monacanthus and S. novaecaledoniae;
pale in male S. signipinnis), anal fin pale (distally dark in male S. monacanthus, dis-
tally spotted in male S. orstom), caudal fin pale (distally dark in male S. monacanthus,
both sexes of S. orstom, and female S. signipinnis), and pale pelvic fins (distally dark
in male $. monacanthus).
4.18. Synchiropus sechellensis Regan, 1908
Synchiropus sechellensis Regan, 1908: 249, pl. 30, fig. 1 (Seychelles, 37 fms depth; syntypes:
BMNH 1908.3.23.265-266, 2 specimens). - RANDALL & ANDERSON, 1993: 38 (Maldive
Islands). - GoREN & Dor, 1994: 62 (Red Sea).
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) sechellensis: FRICKE, 1981b: 84-87, fig. 27 (Gulf of Suez, Red Sea;
Seychelles) — FRICKE, 1983: 663-668, figs 205-206 (Red Sea to Somalia, Gulf of Aden,
and Seychelles).
Material
Total: 28 specimens (including 22 specimens listed by FRICKE, 1981b, 1983).
42 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Fig. 20. | Geographical distribution of Synchiropus sechellensis in New Caledonian waters.
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: SMNS 21251, 1 female, 31.0 mm SL; northeastern lagoon,
19°12'00''S 158°53'36''E, 59 m depth; B. RicHER DE ForGEs; 25 July 1988.
Coral Sea, Chesterfield Bank: SMNS 21267, 1 male, 35.3 mm SL; 20°27'21''S 161°04'42''E,
75 m depth; B. RICHER DE ForGEs, Cruise CORAIL 2, St. CP.24; 22 July 1988.
New Caledonia, islands north of Grande Terre: SMNS 21300, 1 specimen, 21.2 mm SL;
Belep Island, 19°57'00''S 163°44'54''E, 34 m depth; R/V “Alis”, Cruise NORD, St. DW.1181;
31 Oct. 1989.
New Caledonia, Grande Terre: SMNS 21250, 1 female, 25.9 mm SL; northwestern lagoon,
WNW of Koumac, 20°39'30''S 164°15'24''E, 50-55 m depth; B. RICHER DE FoRGEs;
27 Apr. 1988.
Comparison material. Maldives: BPBM 32708, 2 specimens, 36.1-39.4 mm SL; South
Male Atoll, Embudu Island, N side, outside reef, cave in drop-off, 35 m depth; J. E. RANDALL
et alii; 18 Mar. 1988.
Distribution
Coral Sea (Chesterfield Islands, new record; Chesterfield Bank, new record),
New Caledonia (Grande Terre, new record) (Fig. 20). Outside the area, Maldives,
northwestern Indian Ocean and Red Sea. The species was collected at depths of
34-75 m.
Remarks
This is an unusual finding of a species otherwise distributed in the northwestern
Indian Ocean and Red Sea, indicating a widely disjunct distribution range.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 43
Fig.21. Synchiropus signipinnis n.sp.; Chesterfield Islands, 348m depth; MNHN
1999-1252, holotype, male, 64.8 mm SL. — Above, lateral view (scale: 10 mm); —
centre, left preopercular spine (scale: 2 mm). -— SMNS 21271, paratype, female,
68.6 mm SL; below, lateral view (scale: 10 mm).
4.19. Synchiropus signipinnis n.sp. (Fig. 21)
Foetorepus altivelis (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845): Rıvaron, 1989: 155 (Iles Chesterfield).
— Rıvaron, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 30 (Nouvelle-Calédonie/New
Caledonia, in checklist). - KuLsıckI, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Is-
lands, 348 m depth).
ea ae sp.: KULBICKI, RANDALL & RivaTon, 1994: 33 (Chesterfield Islands, 348 m
epth).
Material
Total: 2 specimens.
Holotype. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: MNHN 1999-1252, male, 64.8 mm SL;
19°43'48''S 158°35'15''E, 348 m depth; B. RicHER DE Forces, R/V “Coriolis”, Cruise
CHALCAL, St. CP.8; 19 July 1984.
ab STUTTGARTER BEITRAGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Paratype. Coral Sea, Chesterfield Islands: SMNS 21271, 1 female, 68.6 mm SL, same da-
ta as the holotype.
Etymology
Signum (Latin) means sign; pinnis (Latin) means fin. The name refers to the high dorsal fin
of the male which is elevated for flagging in the holotype.
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchiro-
pus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays, 19-22 pectoral fin rays; a pre-
opercular spine with a long, slightly upcurved main tip and with a strong, vertical,
curved point on its dorsal margin; eye large, eye diameter 1.9-2.0 in head; first dorsal
fin higher than second dorsal fin in the male, slightly lower in the female, first spine in
the male witha short filament; second dorsal fin distally straight in both sexes, first ray
not elongate in the male; anal fin relatively low; caudal fin elongate, without filaments;
the first dorsal fin plain pale in both sexes; the anal fin pale in both sexes; the caudal fin
pale in the male, distally dark in the female; the pelvic fin pale in both sexes.
Description
D, IV (IV); D2 8 (8); A vi,1 (vi,1); Pı ,18-19,i, total 20-21 (i,17-19,i, total 19-21);
P, 1,5 (1,5); C (11),1,7,u1,(11) ((11),1,7,11, (11).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, its length 3.8 (3.8)
in SL. Eye 2.0 (1.9) in head. Preorbital length 5.9 (3.8) in head. Interorbital distance
15.4 (18.9) in head. Maxillary length 3.2 (2.2) in head. Occipital region with two low,
smooth bony protuberances. Preopercular spine with a long, slightly upcurved main
tip, a vertical, curved point on its dorsal margin, a smooth ventral margin, and a
smooth base (Fig. 21, centre). Preopercular spine length 4.7 (4.2) in head. Preoper-
cular spine formula - 1 (- £1). Lateral lines of the opposite sides of the body in-
terconnected by a commissure across the predorsal region. Body depth 6.8 (6.4) in
SL. Body width 5.6 (5.2) in SL. Urogenital papilla in the male holotype 14.2 in head,
in the female 25.7. Caudal peduncle length 4.3 (4.1) in SL. Caudal peduncle depth
18.0 (17.2) in SL.
First dorsal fin high in the male, first spine longest, bearing a filament; length of first
spine 2.0 in SL, 2nd spine 3.1, 3rd spine 5.3, 4th spine 9.7; in the female lower, first
spine only slightly longer than first ray of second dorsal fin; length of 1st spine 5.0 in
SL, 2nd spine 5.8, 3rd spine 8.3, 4th spine 11.2. Predorsal (1) length 3.5 (3.3) in SL. Sec-
ond dorsal fin rays branched, the last divided at its base. Second dorsal fin in the male
high, distally nearly straight, first ray not produced. First ray of second dorsal fin in
the male holotype 4.0 in SL, 5th ray 4.7, last ray 4.2; second dorsal fin in the female
lower, 1st ray 5.2 in SL, 5th ray 6.1, last ray 5.1. Predorsal(2) length 2.2 (2.1) inSL. Anal
fin beginning ona vertical through third membrane of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays
unbranched, the last divided at its base. First anal fin ray in the male holotype 10.8 in
SL, 5th ray 6.5, last ray 5.7; 1st ray in the female 10.7 in SL, 5th ray 8.5, last ray 7.1. Pre-
anal fin length 1.9 (1.8) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to base of third anal fin membrane
when laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.3 (4.5) in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.6 (2.5) in SL.
Pelvic fin reaching to first or second anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin
spine 14.4 (12.0) in SL; pelvic fin length 3.3 (3.5) in SL. Prepelvic fin length 3.6 (3.5) in
SL. Caudal fin distally convex in both sexes, without filaments; caudal fin length in the
male holotype 3.0 in SL, in the female 3.4 in SL.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 45
Colour in alcohol. Head and body plain pale in both sexes, eye dark grey. All fins
pale in the male; first dorsal fin with a distal dark grey area in the female, caudal fin
mid-distally grey, other fins pale.
Sexual dimorphism. Males differ from females in the higher first dorsal fin, the
higher second dorsal fin, the slightly longer caudal fin, the longer urogenital papilla,
and the different colouration of the first dorsal and caudal fins.
Distribution
The new species is only known from the type locality, slope of the Chesterfield Is-
lands (Fig. 17); it was collected at a depth of 348 m.
Relationships
Synchiropus signipinnis n.sp. is a member of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-
group of the subgenus Synchiropus (Synchiropus) (members of the group, and refer-
ences, see below, description of S. altivelis, 5.7.). It is distinguished from other
species of the subgroup with very large eyes (eye diameter 1.7-2.2 in head length) by
its straight main tip of the preopercular spine (upcurved in S. grandoculıs, S. orstom,
S. richer), the first dorsal fin much higher than the second dorsal fin in males (as high
as second dorsal fin in S. richeri, lower in S. grandoculis), the first dorsal fin slightly
lower than the second dorsal fin in females (higher in S. novaecaledoniae and S.
orstom), the first spine of the first dorsal fin bearing a filament in males (without fil-
aments in S. grandoculis and S. richeri; the first two spines extended but without fil-
aments in S. monacanthus), the first spine of the first dorsal fin in females without a
filament (with a filament in S. orstom and S. paxtoni), the second dorsal fin distally
straight in males (concave in S. orstom and S. richeri), the caudal fin without median
filaments in males (with median filaments in S. grandoculis and S. richeri), the first
dorsal fin pale in males (with a black spot on the third membrane in S. orstom, S. pax-
tonı, S. richeri; striped in S. monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae), the first dorsal fin dis-
tally dark but without a dark blotch on the third membrane in females (plain pale in
S. grandoculis, S. paxtoni; with a black blotch in S. novaecaledoniae, S. orstom, S.
richeri; basally dark in S. monacanthus), and the anal fin plain pale (distally dark in
male S. monacanthus; distally spotted in male S. orstom).
4.20. Synchiropus splendidus (Herre, 1927)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427034
Callionymus splendidus Herre, 1927: 416-417, pl. 2 (Bungau, Philippines, 2 fms depth; holo-
type: was BSMP uncat., destroyed during WWII).
Synchiropus splendidus: WHITLEY, 1961: 65 (New Caledonia/Nouméa region, Grande Terre).
— SCHROEDER, 1980: 187 (Sulu Sea, Philippines). - BLABER, MILTON & RAwLInson, 1991:
7 (Vona Vona, Solomon Islands). — ALLEN & SWAINSTON, 1993: 94 (New Guinea; shallow
reefs in sheltered areas). — FRICKE, 1993: 374-375 (New Caledonia). — YEARSLEY, LAST &
Morris, 1997: Appendix D (CAAB Code).
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) splendidus: Fricke, 1981b: 127-132, fig. 40 (Kapingamarangi Atoll,
Caroline Islands, Palau Islands, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia). — FRICKE, 1983:
668-672, fig. 207 (Philippines; Papua New Guinea).
Pterosynchiropus splendidus: RivaATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989: 31 (Nou-
velle-Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist). - NAKABo, 1993: 988, fig. (Japan; with
pictorial key).
46 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Material
Total: 188 specimens (including 179 specimens listed by Fricke, 1981b, 1983).
New Caledonia (Grande Terre): SMNS 21274, 3 specimens, 29.7-44.6 mm SL; Bancs
Nord, 22°23'10''S 166°30'50''E, 8 m depth, sand and coral bottom; M. Kuusick1, St. 8-4; 5
Sep. 1985. — SMNS 21291, 2 specimens, 31.4-32.6 mm SL; Kouaré area, 22°46'40''S
166°48'40''E, 10 m depth, sand and coral; M. Kutsickt, R/V “Vauban”, St. Kouaré No. 11; 20
June 1986. - SMNS 21293, 3 specimens, 13.3-21.8 mm SL; Séche Croissant Reef, 22°20'20''S
166°22'30''E, 2 m depth, sargassum and sand; M. Kursıck1; 1 Aug. 1996.
Distribution
New Caledonia (Grande Terre) (Fig. 22). Outside the area, between the Ryukyu
Islands, Western Australia, Queensland/Australia, and Papua New Guinea; the
species is found at depths of 0-18 m.
Remarks
This species was recorded from New Caledonia by Fricke (1993) on the basis of
a specimen in the Aquarium Nouméa, which had been collected in New Caledonia
(but the precise locality was not known).
4.21. Synchiropus springeri Fricke, 1983
Synchiropus springeri Fricke, 1983: 673-677, fig. 208 (Fiji, S side of channel at NE end of Mal-
olo Island barrier reef, 17°45'S 177°04'W, 0-20 m depth; holotype: USNM 235725).
Synchiropus postulus (non Smith, 1963): RIVATON, FOURMANOIR, BOURRET & KULBICKI, 1989:
31 (Nouvelle-Calédonie/New Caledonia, in checklist).
Material
Total: 18 specimens (including 3 specimens listed by FRIckE, 1983).
Material from the study area. New Caledonia (Grande Terre): SMNS 21233, 1 fe-
male, 14.0 mm SL; Passe de Saint-Vincent, 22°02'06''S 164°57'00''E; M. Kutsicki, R/V
“Alis”, St. 9; 26 Mar. 1990.
Loyalty Islands: USNM 319876, 2 specimens, 19.1-22.7 mm SL; Ouvéa Atoll, S end of la-
goon on steep rocky shore, 20°42'48''S 166°24'00''E, 0-5 m depth; J. T. WırLıams; 13 Nov.
1991.
Other material. Solomon Islands: AMS 1.39010-091, 1 male, 20.7 mm SL; Santa Cruz
Islands, Reef and Lomlon Island, Nialo Point, E side, 10°16'00''S 166°18'56''E, 0-35 m depth;
M. MCGROUTHER et alii; 18 Sep. 1998.
Vanuatu: AMS 1.37928-032, 7 specimens, 10.7-13.7 mm SL; Banks Group, Rowa Island, lee-
ward side of reef, NW side, 13°38'S 167°30'E, 1-7 m depth; M. MCGROUTHER et alii; 20 May
1997. - ?BPBM 16113, 1 female, 14.7 mm SL, paratype of Synchiropus claudiae Fricke, 1990;
Savo, SW side, 9°08'S 159°48'E, rocks shore in 0-1 m depth: J. E. RanDaLL et alti; 18 July
19731
Rotuma: USNM 284372, 3 specimens, 5.4-16.3 mm SL; E side, just N of Afnaha Island,
12°30'S 177°05'E, 0-14 m depth; V. G. SPRINGER et alii; 21 May 1986.
Distribution
New Caledonia (Grande Terre) (new record): Loyalty Islands (Ouvéa) (new
record) (Fig. 23). Outside the area, Solomon Islands (new record) and Vanuatu (new
record) to Fiji and Rotuma (new record).
Remarks
The finding of a male of Synchiropus springeri from the Solomon Islands (AMS
1.39010-091) suggests that the female paratype of S. claudiae Fricke, 1990 (FRICKE,
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 47
Figs 22-23. Geographical distribution of Synchiropus species in New Caledonian waters. — 22.
S. splendidus (above); — 23. S. springeri (below).
48 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
1990: 2, part, Solomon Islands only) from Savo, Solomon Islands (BPBM 16113)
might belong to S. springeri. The females of the two species are difficult to distin-
guish.
The closely related species Synchiropus laddi Schultz in Schultz et alii, 1960 lives
on the Pacific Plate, from Palawan through the Marshall Islands east to Tonga (new
record; based on USNM 334467, 6 specimens from E'ua) and Tuamotu Archipelago.
Another closely related species, Synchiropus kiyoae Fricke & Zaiser, 1983, is known
from southern Japan and the northern Philippines (new record, based on USNM
298203 and USNM 298209, total 5 specimens, from Batanes).
5. Related Indo-west Pacific species of Callionymidae
5.1. Callionymus afilum n.sp. (Fig. 24)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427008
Callionymus japonicus var. japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782): KAıLoLA, 1971: 129 (Yule Island,
Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea).
Callionymus japonicus japonicus (non Houttuyn, 1782): FRICKE, 1983: 380-392 (part: north-
ern Australia; Papua New Guinea). — SAINSBURY, KAILOLA & LEYLAND, 1985: 346
(Northwest Shelf to Arafura Sea, northwestern and northern Australia).
Material
Total: 19 specimens.
Type material, Holotype. Australia Northern Territory, Arafura Sea: AMS
1.21943-004, male, 146.8 mm SL; R/V “Soela”; 18 Nov. 1980.
Paratypes. Western Australia: CSIRO H.745-02, 1 male, 177.8 mm SL; N of Cape Lam-
bert, 20°11'S 117°14'E, 36 m depth; R/V “Soela”; 10 Oct. 1986. -— CSIRO H.1466-01, 1 male,
169.2 mm SL; NW of Port Hedland, 19°35'S 117°49'E, 59 m depth; P. Last & R/V “Soela”; 22
Sep. 1988. - CSIRO H.1479-01, 1 male, 112.5 mm SL; N of Dampier Archipelago, 20°11'S
116°47'E, 43 m depth; P. Last & R/V “Soela”; 24 Sep. 1988. - CSIRO H.4643-02, 1 male,
195.1 mm SL; NW of Port Hedland, 19°46'S 118°07'E, 44 m depth; R. Datey; 26 Aug. 1997.
Paratypes. Australia, Northern Territory, Arafura Sea: AMS 1.21943-021, 1 female,
133.2 mm SL; same data as the holotype. — AMS 1.21842-028, 4 females, 99.0-112.7 mm SL;
R/V “Soela”; 1980. - SMNS 21375, 1 male (142.3 mm SL) and 1 female (126.1 mm SL); same
data as the holotype.
Paratype. Australia, northern Queensland: CSIRO 754, 1 female, 133.1 mm SL; near
York Island, Torres Strait; 24 Apr. 1979.
Paratypes. Papua New Guinea: KFRS F.01705, 1 male, 174.3 mm SL; Bramble Cay; 9 July
1967. — KFRS F.02709, 1 male, 106.2 mm SL; northwest of Yule Island; 10 Nov. 1969.
Other material. Western Australia: CSIRO 2143, 1 female, 97.0 mm SL; northeastern
Monte Bello Island, 20°03'S 115°57'E, 80 m depth; 2 Dec. 1979. - CSIRO B.2079, 1 male, 40.0
mm SL; NW of Dampier Archipelago, 19°54'S 116°02'E, 78 m depth; R/V “Soela”; 3 Dec.
1979. - CSIRO B.2080, 1 female, 48.3 mm SL; NE of Barrow Island, 20°16'S 115°47'E, 57 m
depth; P. KaıLoLa & R/V “Soela”; 5 Dec. 1979. - WAM P.26197-024, 1 male, 111.8 mm SL;
40 km NE of Legendre Island, Dampier Archipelago, 20°05'S 117°05'E, 44m depth; B.
Hutcuins; 17 Apr. 1978.
Etymology
Afilum (Latin) means without filaments. The name refers to the first dorsal fin of males,
which is lacking filaments in the new species, while the closely related species C. japonicus and
C. scaber possess filaments.
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FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
50 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the C.-japonicus species-group of the subgenus Calliurichthys
with a total of 9 rays in the second dorsal fin, 8 rays in the anal fin, 18-20 pectoral fin
rays, 7-10 small antrorse serrae dorsally on the preopercular spine (additional to the
main tip) and an antrorse spine at the base, with a relatively low first dorsal fin in
males not bearing filaments; with the first dorsal fin brownish in males, bearing a
large black ocellus distally on the third membrane with basal branches reaching to
the posterior part of the second membrane; with the throat plain white in females;
and in males with the distal half of the anal fin black, in females with the distal one-
third black.
Description
D, IV; D; viii,1; A vii,1; P; 1-11,15-16,1-11 (total 18-20); P> 1,5; C (1),1,7,11,(1).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, its length 5.1
(4.7-5.4) in SL. Eye 2.8 (2.42.7) in head. Preorbital length in the male 2.8 (2.5) in
head, in the female 2.8-3.0 in head. Interorbital distance 41 (21-25) in head. Maxil-
lary length 3.0 (2.3-3.0) in head. Occipital region with two smooth bony protuber-
ances (one behind each eye). Preopercular spine with a staight main tip, a smooth
ventral margin, a strong antrorse spine at its base, and 7-10 small serrae on its dorsal
margin (Fig. 24, ec) Preopercular spine length 3.0 (2.5-3.1) in head. Preopercu-
lar spine formula 1 412.1. Body depth 10.7 (9.7-10.7) in SL. Body width 6.4
(5.6-6.2) in SL. Urogenital papilla length in the male 7.8 (11.4) in head, in the female
35 or more in head or not visible. Caudal peduncle length 6.3 (6.1-6.6) in SL. Cau-
dal peduncle depth 23.7 (20.0-21.5) in SL. Maximum observed SL 195.1 mm (male),
133.2 mm (female).
First dorsal fin relatively low in both sexes, first spine slightly longer than first ray
of second dorsal fin, spines without filaments; length of first spine in the male 5.8
(6.1) in SL, 2nd spine 6.9 (6.1) in SL, 3rd spine 6.9 (6.7) in SL, 4th spine 9.5 (7.7) in
SL; length of 1st spine in the female 4.8-5.7 in SL, 2nd spine 5.5-6.1 in SL, 3rd spine
5.8-6.1 in SL, 4th spine 8.4-8.6 in SL. Predorsal (1) length 4.3 (4.0-4.3) in SL. Second
dorsal fin rays unbranched except for the last which is divided at its base. First ray of
second dorsal fin in the male 5.9 (5.7) in SL, last ray 4.9 (6.0) in SL; in the female, 1st
ray 5.6-5.8 in SL, last ray 4.4-5.0 in SL. Predorsal (2) length 2.5 (2.3-2.5) in SL. Anal
fin beginning on a vertical through 2nd ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays un-
branched, the last divided at its base. First anal fin ray in the male 10.8 (11.0) in SL,
last ray 5.8 (6.1) in SL, 1st ray in the female 9.2-12.4 in SL, last ray 6.0-7.2 in SL. Pre-
anal fin length 2.3 (2.1-2.2) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to 2nd anal fin membrane
when laid back. Pectoral fin length 5.7 (5.0-6.1) in SL. Prepectoral fin length 3.3
(3.1-3.3) in SL. Pelvic fin reaching to 1st or 2nd anal fin membrane when laid back.
Pelvic fin spine 21.6 (13.4-25.0) in SL; pelvic fin length 3.8 (3.4-3.8) in SL. Prepelvic
fin length 4.6 (4.8-5.6) in SL. Caudal fin distally elongate, with the median 4-6 rays
longer than head; caudal fin length in the male 1.3 (1.2) in SL, in the female 1.5-1.6
in SL.
Colour in alcohol: Head and body brownish, ventral sides of body whitish. Tho-
rax in the male white, with a small heart-shaped black blotch, but without lines; in
the female plain white. Eye and cheeks with few large dark brown blotches. Dorsal
sides of head and body with whitish spots; sides of body below the lateral line with
a row of small dark brown spots which are arranged in pairs.
51
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
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snuduoryy ayi Jo uvonngLnsıp [estyde1309H9
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‘CZ “SI
52 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
First dorsal fin brownish, in both sexes with a large black ocellus distally on the
third membrane with basal branches reaching to the posterior part of the second
membrane; above the ocellus on the third membrane with a small distal dark blotch.
First and second membranes with a basal and a median wavy white line. Second dor-
sal fin with 3-4 brown spots on each ray, and each membrane with horizontal brown
streaks and a few brown spots in between. Anal fin basally whitish; distal half (in the
male) or distal one-third (in the female) black. Lower margin of caudal fin black; up-
per half with 5-6 pairs of vertical rows of brown spots. Pectoral fin translucent, with
a few faint vertical lines in its upper half. Pelvic fin whitish or light brown, distally
with a brownish area or with numerous small brown spots and blotches.
Sexual dimorphism: There is little sexual dichromatism, except for the small
brown blotch on the thorax which is present in males but absent in females. Females
have a shorter caudal fin, a much shorter urogenital papilla, and a slightly shorter
snout than males.
Distribution
Australia (Western Australia south to 20°16'S; Northern Territory; Queensland at
Torres Strait); Papua New Guinea (Fig. 25). The species was found at depths of
36-80 m.
Relationships
This new species is closely related to Callionymus japonicus and C. scaber; it dif-
fers from both species in the absence of filaments from the first dorsal fin of the
male, and in the male's first dorsal fin colouration (distally with large brown blotch-
es in C. japonicus; plain black, with oblique whitish lines in C. scaber). From Cal-
lionymus scaber, the new species also differs in having smooth and much lower bony
protuberances in the occipital region, and a narrower distal black zone on the anal
fin in both sexes (C. scaber, male: fin nearly plain black; female: distal two-thirds
black).
5.2. Callionymus bifilum n.sp. (Fig. 26)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427038
Callionymus moretonensis (non Johnson, 1971): GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA, 1984: 265, 1
fig. (13°18'S 128°21'E, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, Western Australia). — SAINSBURY,
KaıLoILA & LEYLAND, 1985: 270-271, colour photo of CSIRO CA.3532 (Timor Sea,
Australia).
Material
Total: 3 specimens.
Holotype. Western Australia: CSIRO CA.3532, 1 male, 86.6 mm SL; Timor Sea, Joseph
Bonaparte Gulf, 13°18'S 128°21'E, 84-87 m depth; P. KaıLoLa & R/V “Soela”; 30 June 1980.
Other material. Western Australia: BMNH 1892.1.14.26-27, 2 specimens; Holothuria
Bank; WALKER; before 1892.
Etymology
Bi means two, filum means filament. The name refers to the two long caudal fin filaments
of the male.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 53
eee |
Fig. 26. Callionymus bifilum n.sp.; CSIRO CA.3532, Western Australia, Joseph Bona-
parte Gulf, holotype, male, 86.6 mm SL. — Above, lateral view (scale: 10 mm); —
below, left preopercular spine (scale: 3 mm).
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the Callionymus-kaianus-group of the subgenus Callionymus
with a high first dorsal fin, the first spine elongate, with a short filament in males;
with the second dorsal fin distally convex in males; the caudal fin distally convex,
with two long filaments; the preopercular spine with an upcurved main tip, a small
antrorse barb, a large curved spine on the dorsal margin, and an antrorse spine at the
base; the first dorsal fin with a large black blotch restricted to the distal section af the
third membrane; the anal fin with a subdistal black streak on the 1st to 7th mem-
branes; and the sides of the body pale.
Description
D; IV (IV); D2 viui,1 (viii,1); A viti,1 (viii,1); Pı 11,16-17,11 (total 20-21) (1,16-18,i1-
ii; total 20-21); P» 1,5 (1,5); C (11), 1,3,11,2,11,(11) ((i-11),1,3—4,1-11,2—3,i1,(1-11)).
Body elongate and depressed. Head depressed, its length 4.0 (3.5-3.6) in SL. Eye
2.3 (2.1-2.2) in head. Preorbital length 3.2 (3.1-3.6) in head. Interorbital distance 36
(19-23) in head. Occipital region smooth, with two low bony protuberances. Max-
illary length 2.4 (2.9-3.0) in head. Preopercular spine with a slightly upcurved main
tip, a small antrorse and one or two large curved points on its dorsal margin, and a
strong antrorse spine at its Ss (Fi Fi 26, below); its length 4.1 (3.2-3.5) in head. Pre-
opercular spine formula 1-1 (1-1). Lateral line reaching from eye to end of up-
per unbranched caudal fin r ray, with a few short branches below the first dorsal fin;
the lines of the opposite sides are interconnected by a commissure each across the
predorsal area and across the dorsal side of the caudal peduncle. Urogenital papilla
10.5 (10.1-15.1) in head. Body depth 9.2 (7.0-7.8) in SL. Body width 5.7 (4.1-4.8) in
SL. Caudal peduncle length 5.9 (5.8-6.5) in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 25 (24-25) in
SLi,
First dorsal fin high in the male, first spine elongate, with a short filament, its
length 4.1 (5.1-5.4) in SL; second spine 5.0 in SL, third spine 5.6, fourth spine 9.3.
54 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Predorsal (1) length 3.3 (3.1) in SL. Second dorsal fin distally straight in the male; its
rays unbranched, the last divided at its base. First ray of second dorsal fin 5.3
(5.8-5.9) in SL, 5th ray 3.4 in SL, last ray 6.4 in SL. Predorsal(2) length 2.2 (2.1) in
SL. Anal fin beginning on a vertical through 2nd ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin
rays unbranched, the last divided at its base. First anal fin ray 11.2 (11.0-12.2) in SL,
last ray 6.8 in SL. Preanal fin length 2.0 (1.9) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to base of
2nd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pectoral fin length 5.4 (5.2-5.6) in SL.
Prepectoral fin length 2.7 in SL. Pelvic fin reaching to base of 1st anal fin membrane
when laid back. Pelvic fin spine 14.4 in SL. Pelvic fin length 4.3 (4.0) in SL. Prepelvic
fin length 4.2 in SL. Caudal fin distally convex, with the two median rays un-
branched, but not filamentous; caudal fin length 1.7 (2.4-3.0) in SL.
Colour in life (according to GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA, 1984; P. KAILOLA, per-
sonal communication). Head and body brown, with yellow blotches; belly lighter,
creamy white. First dorsal fin with a large distal black blotch on the third membrane.
Second dorsal fin yellowish brown, distally with dark spots, basally with vertical
white stripes. Anal fin with large, distal, dark grey blotches, forming a distal dark
band. Pectoral fin translucent. Caudal fin with yellow blotches.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body pale whitish. Eye dark grey. First dorsal fin
membranes translucent, distal margins of 1st and 2nd membranes blackish, 3rd
membrane with a large kidney-shaped black blotch in its distal two-thirds. Second
dorsal fin, pectoral and pelvic fins translucent. Caudal fin pale, distally with two ver-
tical dark grey cross-bands. Distal half of anal fin black, leaving the tips of the fin
rays white.
Distribution
Australia (Western Australia, Holothuria Bank to Joseph Bonaparte Gulf) (Fig.
27). Endemic to the area. The holotype was collected at a depth of 84 m.
Relationships
This new species is a member of the Callionymus-kaianus species-group of the
subgenus Callionymus (Callionymus). Within the group, it belongs to a subgroup
with a high second dorsal and anal fin (in males). The following species are closely
related: Callionymus altipinnis Fricke, 1981 (FRIcKE, 1981a: 373-375, fig. 18, Hong
Kong) from China; C futuna Fricke, 1998 (FRICKE, 1998: 3-6, fig. 1, Futuna Island
shelf, 14°13'30''S 178°10'18''W, 224-252 m depth; holotype: MNHN 1995-0521); C.
guentheri Fricke, 1981 (FRICKE, 1981a: 370-373, figs 15-17, west of Zamboanga,
Philippines, 07°03'N 121°48'E, 150 m depth; south coast of Luzon to north coast of
Mindanao, Philippines, 100-503 m depth, mud bottoms) from the Philippines; C. se-
meiophor Fricke, 1983 (FRICKE, 1983: 745-750, fig. A 2, Saleh Bay, northern Sum-
bawa, Indonesia, 50-150 m depth; holotype: NTM S.10764-001) from Indonesia; C.
sokonumeri Kamohara, 1936 (KAMOHARA, 1936: 448, fig. 2 on p. 447, Mimase Mar-
ket, Province Tosa, Shikoku, Japan, 80 fms/146 m depth) from Japan. The new
species differs from C. altipinnis in much shorter dorsal fin filament, the longer cau-
dal fin in the male, the lower second dorsal fin, and a different colouration of the
body and the anal fin; from C. futuna in the much shorter first dorsal fin filament,
the distally convex second dorsal fin in the male, and the colouration of the first and
second dorsal, anal and caudal fins and of the sides of the body; from the closely re-
lated C. guentheri in its higher first dorsal fin in the male (the first spine being longer
55
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
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yorlg — MIDeg IS9MUYINoS oy} ur pur eıfenisny punose dno13-sarwads suuviva-snuuduoyyy sy Jo satdeds Jo vonngunsıp Tesıyde13099
‘LZ Sly
56 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
than the first ray of the second dorsal fin), the lower second dorsal fin in the male,
the different caudal fin shape and much longer caudal fin in the male (C. bifilum:
caudal fin length 1.7 in SL; C. guentheri: 2.2-3.0 in SL), and a different colouration
of the first and second dorsal fin, caudal fin, pelvic fin, and body; from C. semeio-
phor in the lower first dorsal and shorter caudal fins in the male, the different caudal
fin shape, and the different colouration of the first and second dorsal fin and the
body; and from C. sokonumeri in the different shape of the first dorsal fin, the much
longer caudal fin, the lower anal fin in the male, the different shape of the preoper-
cular spine (main tip narrower; larger dorsal points not equal in length), and the dif-
ferent colouration of the first and second dorsal, anal, caudal and pelvic fins, head
and sides of the body. The new species is distinguished from C. kailolae n.sp. (see be-
low, 5.4.) by the second dorsal fin which is distally convex in males, the lower anal
fin, the much longer caudal fin with the median two rays extremely elongate in the
male, the lower first dorsal fin, and the different colouration of the body.
Callionymus bifilum n.sp. differs from C. moretonensis in having the black blotch
on the first dorsal fin exclusively on the third membrane (extending to the second
spine in C. moretonensis), a large and a small curved point dorsally on the preoper-
cular spine (two nearly equally sized points in C. moretonensis), the distal half of the
anal fin black (C. moretonensis: distal margin black only), a higher first dorsal fin,
and a different colouration of the second dorsal and caudal fins.
Remarks
This species was treated by Fricke (1981a: 359-360, part) as Callionymus more-
tonensis Johnson, 1971, which is now restricted to the northeastern coast of Aus-
tralia (Arafura Sea, southern Queensland, northern New South Wales) and New
Caledonia, possibly extending to Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands. Both
species are members of the Callionymus-kaianus species-group; distributions of
species of the group in Australia and the Southwest Pacific are shown in Fig. 27.
5.3. Callionymus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782
Material
Total: 143 specimens (including 142 specimens listed by Fricke, 1983).
Indonesia: SMNS 8538, 1 male, 155.1 mm SL; south of Java, 8°33'00''S 114°31'30"'E; T.
GLOERFELT-Tarp; 18 May 1983.
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the Callionymus-japonicus species-group of the subgenus Cal-
liurichthys with a total of 9 rays in the second dorsal fin, 8 rays in the anal fin, 18-20
pectoral fin rays, 7-12 small antrorse serrae dorsally on the preopercular spine (ad-
ditional to the main tip) and an antrorse spine at the base, with a relatively low first
dorsal fin in males bearing filaments on the first and second spines only; with the
first dorsal fin pale in males, with a large black ocellus distally on the third mem-
brane with basal branches reaching to the posterior part of the second membrane;
with the throat plain white in females; and in males with the distal half of the anal fin
black, in females with the distal one-third black.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA SL
Distribution
Southern half of Japan, South Korea and eastern China south to Philippines,
South China Sea and southern Java (Fig. 25). The species is known from depths of
59-128 m.
Relationships
Callionymus japonicus is closely related to C. afilum and C. scaber; it is compared
with these two species above (5.1., p. 48; 4.8., p. 20).
Remarks
The discovery of additional species has resulted in splitting the former Calliony-
mus-japonicus species-group (9 second dorsal fin rays, 8 anal fin rays, preopercular
spine with a strong main tip, a strong antrorse spine at its base, and small serrae on
its dorsal margin) into four new groups:
(1) Species with all median caudal fin rays extremely elongate in the male: Calliony-
mus-japonicus species-group (C. afilum, C. decoratus, C. gardineri, C. japonicus,
C. rivatoni, C. scaber), distribution see Fig. 25;
(2) species with the median 2-4 caudal fin ray Beaches extremely elongate in the
male: Callionymus-persicus species-group (C. aagilis, C. izuensis, C. luridus, C.
neptunius, C. persicus, C. sereti, C. superbus, C. tethys, C. zythros n.sp.), distribu-
tion of species see Fig. 31;
(3) species with the caudal fin moderately elongate in the male: Callionymus-mar-
garetae species-group (C. australis, C. margaretae);
(4) species with a barely elongate caudal fin in the male: Callionymus-scabriceps
species-group (C. scabriceps).
The Australian CAAB Code previously assigned to this species has been trans-
fered to Callionymus afılum n.sp. (CAAB 37 427008) (G. YEARSLEY, personal com-
munication, 3 May 2000), as C. japonicus does not occur in Australia.
5.4. Callionymus kailolae n.sp. (Fig. 28)
Northwestern ocellated dragonet (Australia)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427041
Material
Total: 1 specimen.
Holotype. Western Australia: AMS 1.22807-021, male, 125.6 mm SL; 175 km N of
Port Hedland, 18°32'S 118°17'E, 200-204 m depth; J. R. Paxton & R/V “Soela”: 2 Apr.
1982.
Etymology
This new species is named in honour of Patricia KAILOLA, Newnham, Tasmania, Aus-
tralia, who published a photo of the new species, in appreciation of her interest in callionymid
fish research.
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the kaianus-group of the subgenus Callionymus with a high
first dorsal fin, the first spine elongate but not filamentous in males; with the second
dorsal fin distally straight in males; the caudal fin distally convex, without filaments;
the preopercular spine with an upcurved main tip, a small antrorse barb, a larger and
58 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Lund
Fig.28. Callionymus kailolae n.sp.; AMS 1.22807-021, holotype, male, 125.6 mm SL;
Western Australia, 18°32'S 118°17'E, 200-204 m depth. — Above, lateral view
(scale: 10 mm); — below, left preopercular spine (scale: 5 mm).
a smaller curved spine on the dorsal margin, and an antrorse spine at the base; the
first dorsal fin with a large black blotch restricted to the distal section of the third
membrane; the second dorsal fin with basal vertical white streaks; the anal fin with a
subdistal black streak on the 1st to 7th membranes; and the sides of the body with a
row of single dark blotches below the lateral line.
Description
D, IV; D; viii,1; A viti,1; Pı 11,16-17,ii1, total 20-21; P2 1,5; C (11),1,3,11,2,11,(11).
Body elongate and depressed. Head depressed, 4.4 in SL. Eye 2.3 in head. Preor-
bital length 3.8 in head. Interorbital distance 33 in head. Occipital region small, with
two low bony protuberances. Maxillary length 6.7 in head. Preopercular spine with
a slightly upcurved main tip, a small antrorse and two large curved points on its dor-
sal margin, and a strong antrorse spine at its base (Fig. 28 B); its length 4.2 in head.
Preopercular spine formula 1-1. Lateral line reaching from eye to end of upper
unbranched caudal fin ray, with a few short branches below the first dorsal fin; the
lines of the opposite sides are interconnected by a commissure each across the pre-
dorsal area and across the dorsal side of the caudal peduncle. Urogenital papilla 8.6
in head. Body depth 9.5 in SL. Body width 6.4 in SL. Caudal peduncle length 4.6 in
SL. Caudal peduncle depth 28 in SL.
First dorsal fin high in the male, first spine elongate, not bearing a filament, its
length 3.3 in SL; second spine 4.6 in SL, third spine 5.3, fourth spine 10.2. Predorsal
(1) length 3.8 in SL. Second dorsal fin distally straight in the male; its rays un-
branched, the last divided at its base. First ray of second dorsal fin 5.6 in SL, last ray
6.0 in SL. Predorsal (2) length 2.4 in SL. Anal fin beginning on a vertical through 2nd
ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays unbranched, the last divided at its base. First
anal fin ray 9.0 in SL, last ray 4.7 in SL. Preanal fin length 2.2 in SL. Pectoral fin
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 59
reaching to base of 2nd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pectoral fin length 5.8 ın
SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.9 in SL. Pelvic fin reaching to base of 1st anal fin mem-
brane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine 16.9 in SL. Pelvic fin length 4.1 in SL. Pre-
pelvic fin length 3.9 in SL. Caudal fin distally convex, with the two median rays un-
branched, but not filamentous; caudal fin length 3.1 in SL.
Colour in life (according to GLOERFELT-TARP & KAILOLA, 1984; KAILOLA, per-
sonal communication). Head and body brown, with yellow blotches; belly lighter,
creamy white. First dorsal fin with a large distal black blotch on the third membrane.
Second dorsal fin yellowish brown, distally with dark spots, basally with vertical
white stripes. Anal fin with large, distal, dark grey blotches, forming a distal dark
band. Pectoral fin translucent. Caudal fin with yellow blotches.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body brownish, ventrally lighter. Eye dark grey.
Sides of body with a row of dark grey blotches below the lateral line. First dorsal fin
whitish, with a distal black blotch on the third membrane. Second dorsal fin with
vertical white stripes in its basal half. Anal fin with a subdistal black band from 1st
to 7th membranes. Caudal, pectoral and pelvic fins pale or translucent.
Distribution
Australia (Western Australia: north of Port Hedland) (Fig. 27). Endemic to the
area. Known from soft bottoms (mud) at depths of 200-204 m.
Relationships
This new species is a member of the Callionymus-kaianus species-group of the
subgenus Calionymus (Callionymus). Within the species group, it is related to
species with a distally straight second dorsal fin in the male, and lacking caudal fin
filaments: C. bleekeri Fricke, 1983 (FRICKE, 1983: 91-95, fig. 23, Java, Indonesia;
holotype: RMNH 4872); C. carebares Alcock 1890 (ALcock, 1890: 209, off Madras
coast, 98-102 fms depth, syntypes: BMNH 1890.11.28.18-24, 7 specimens; MNHN
1890-0335-0340, 6 specimens; ZSI F.12740-12741, 2 specimens; ZSI 12742 and
12858, 15 specimens. FRICKE, 1983: 105-108, fig. 27, revision) from the Gulf of Aden
to the Gulf of Bengal; C. kotthausi Fricke, 1981 (FRickE, 1981a: 363-364, fig. 10,
Cochin, India; holotype: ZIM 5535; Fricke, 1983: 177-180, fig. 52, revision) from
India; C. ochiaii Fricke, 1981 (FRICKE, 1981a: 366-368, fig. 13, Shubishi, Kagoshima
Prefecture, Japan, holotype: FAKU 23261; Fricke, 1983: 230-233, figs 67-68, revi-
sion) from southern Japan; C. regani Nakabo, 1979 (NakaBo, 1979: 231-234, fig. 1,
tab. 1, Saya de Malha Bank, 126-191 m depth, holotype: HUMZ 72408; Fricke,
1983: 250-253, fig. 74, revision) from the Saya de Malha Bank, western Indian
Ocean; C. whiteheadi Fricke, 1981 (FRICKE, 1981a: 360-361, fig. 8, off Bali, Indone-
sia, 08°50'S 114°14'E, 110-220 m depth, holotype: BMNH 1980.6.20.1; Fricke,
1983: 297-300, fig. 89, revision) from western Indonesia. The new species is distin-
guished from C. bleekeri in the lacking filament of the male's first dorsal fin, the
higher anal fin, the different shape of the preopercular spine, and the different
colouration of the second dorsal fin, the anal fin and the caudal fin; from C. care-
bares in the higher first dorsal fin, the different shape of the preopercular spine, and
the colouration of the vertical fins; from C. kotthausi in the higher first dorsal fin,
the higher anal fin, the different shape of the preopercular spine, and the different
colouration of the first dorsal fin and the body; from C. ochiaii in the lacking fila-
ment but higher membranes of the male's first dorsal fin, the more symmetrical cau-
60 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
dal fin of the male, the shorter main tip of the preopercular spine, and the different
colouration of the second dorsal, anal and caudal fins of the male; from C. regani in
the higher first dorsal fin of the male, the first spine being more elongate, the higher
anal fin, and the different colouration of the male's first dorsal fin and the anal fin;
and from C. whiteheadi in the higher first dorsal fin of the male, the higher anal fin,
and the different colouration of the first dorsal, anal and caudal fins.
Callionymus kailolae n.sp. differs from C. moretonensis Johnson, 1971 in the lack-
ing filaments in the first dorsal and caudal fin, the higher anal fin, and in the coloura-
tion of the first dorsal, anal and caudal fins. It was above compared with the co-oc-
curring C. bifilum n.sp. (description see 5. 2.).
5.5. Callionymus leucobranchialis Fowler, 1941 (Fig. 29)
Whitegill dragonet
Callionymus leucobranchialis Fowler, 1941: 19-22, fig. 12 (part: San Fernando Point Light,
Luzon, Philippines, 16°30'36''N 120°11'06''E, 45 fms depth; holotype: USNM 99393). —
FRICKE, 1983: 181-182 (on Fowler).
Material
Total: 3 specimens.
Australia, Queensland: NTM S.14279-007, 1 male, 38.1 mm SL; W of Weipa, Gulf of Car-
pentaria, 12°12.7'S 140°30.4'E, 61 m depth; P. ALDERSLADE; 4 Dec. 1990.
Western Australia: CSIRO H.1084-1 and H.1084-2, 2 males, 65.8-77.7 mm SL; S of Rowley
Shoals, 18°37'S 118°20'E, 137 m depth; R/V “Soela”; 25 Sep. 1987.
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the Callionymus-caeruleonotatus species-group of the sub-
genus Callionymus with 9 rays each in the second dorsal and anal fins; 3-5 curved
points dorsally on the preopercular spine; the first dorsal fin extremely high in the
male, all spines filamentous, the second spine longest; the gill membranes white; the
anal fin plain whitish in the male; the pelvic fins whitish, distally dark grey.
Description
D; IV; D; viii,1; A viii,1; Pı 1,15-17,1 (total 17-19); P> 1,5; C(i1),1,7,11,(11).
Body elongate and depressed. Head depressed, 4.1-4.7 in SL. Eye 2.2 in head. Pre-
orbital length 2.9-3.2 in head. Interorbital distance 20.8-29.4 ın head. Maxillary
length 2.7-2.8 in head. Preopercular spine length 2.9-3.4 in head. Preopercular spine
formula 1 3=2 1. Body depth 11.3-12.5 in SL. Body width 5.6-5.8 in SL. Urogeni-
tal papilla in the male 9.5-11.8 in head. Caudal peduncle length 5.6-7.0 in SL. Cau-
dal peduncle depth 21.9-24.3 in SL.
First dorsal fin extremely high in the male, all spines filamentous, the second
longest; first spine 1.4 in SL, 2nd spine 1.2, 3rd spine 2.6-2.7, 4th spine 3.5-3.9. Pre-
dorsal (1) length 3.1-3.7 in SL. Second dorsal fin rays unbranched, the last divided at
its base. First ray of second dorsal fin in the male 6.4-7.1 in SL, 5th ray 5.3-6.2, last
ray 3.7. Predorsal (2) length 2.0-2.3 in SL. Anal fin beginning on a vertical through
2nd ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays unbranched, the last divided at its base.
First anal fin ray in the male 11.4-13.2 in SL, 5th ray 7.6-9.6, last ray 5.6-6.2. Preanal
fin length 1.9-2.1 in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to base of 3rd anal fin membrane when
laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.7-4.8 in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.5-2.8 in SL.
“(wur ¢ :9fe9s) aurds repnosadoaid Io] ®072q — ‘(UI CO] :9fe9s) MATA [eJoIL] “A2oqy
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FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
62 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Pelvic fin reaching to base of 1st anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine
16.0-18.1 in SL; pelvic fin length 3.5-3.8 in SL. Prepelvic fin length 3.9-4.7 in SL.
Caudal fin extended, without filaments (except for the occasional presence of a short
median filament); caudal fin length 1.4.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body yellowish brown, back with irregular brown-
ish circles and half circles, lower half of body yellowish white. Sides of body with a
row of small dark brown blotches below the lateral line. Eye dark grey, iris silvery.
Gill membranes white. Two small black spots at dorsal end of pectoral fin base.
First dorsal membranes dusky, with whitish marbling. Second dorsal fin translu-
cent, rays with small brownish spots. Anal fin whitish. Caudal fin with about 7 ver-
tical rows of dark blotches; lower two membranes with narrow oblique brownish
streaks. Distal part of caudal fin dark grey. Pelvic fin whitish, distally dark grey. Pec-
toral fin with vertical rows of small brown spots.
Distribution
Australia (Western Australia: south of Rowley Shoals; Queensland: Gulf of Car-
pentaria). New record from Australia. Outside the area, Philippines (Luzon). The
species has been collected at depths of 61-137 m.
Relationships
This species is closely related to Callionymus caeruleonotatus Gilbert, 1905
(GILBERT, 1905: 648-649, pl. 89, Hawaiian Islands; Fricke, 1983: 95-99, fig. 34, re-
vision, Hawaiian Islands); that species is distinguished in having a total of 8 anal fin
rays, a lower first dorsal fin without filaments, the anal fin distally blackish in males,
and two horizontal rows of dark spots on the cheeks.
Remarks
This species was previously known only from the holotype from the Philippines.
The unexpected rediscovery of the species, and range extension to northern Aus-
tralia, makes a redescription necessary that is presented here.
5.6. Callionymus zythros n.sp. (Fig. 30)
Material
Total: 1 specimen.
Holotype. Papua New Guinea: BPBM 38532, male, 46.2 mm SL; Madang Province,
Wongat Island, lagoon side, silty slope, 20-27 m depth; J. E. RANDALL; 6 Nov. 1987.
Diagnosis
A Callionymus of the Callionymus-persicus species-group of the subgenus Calli-
urichthys with 9 rays in the second dorsal fin, 8 rays in the anal fin, 19-20 pectoral
fin rays, 5-6 small dorsal serrae on the preopercular spine, the median two caudal fin
rays extremely elongate, the first dorsal fin in the male with the second spine longest,
but dorsal spines without filaments; the thorax with faint lines in the male; the first
dorsal fin in the male on the 1st and 2nd membranes with 8 oblique brown lines, and
on the 3rd and 4th membranes with brown blotches and lines; anterior distal por-
tions of 2nd and 3rd membranes each with a short black line following the outer
margin of the membrane.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 63
Fig.30. Callionymus zythros n.sp.; BPBM 32532, holotype, male, 46.2 mm SL; Papua
New Guinea, Wongat Island, 20-27 m depth. — Above, lateral view (scale: 10 mm);
— below, left preopercular spine (scale: 3 mm).
Description
D; IV; D; viii,1; A vii,1; Pı 11,16-17,1 (total 19-20); Py 1,5; C (11),1,7,11,(11).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, 4.2 in SL. Eye 2.5
in head. Preorbital length 2.8 in head. Interorbital distance 9.5 in head. Maxillary
length 2.5 in head. Occipital region with a low, rough bony ridge on each side. Pre-
opercular spine with a straight main tip, a smooth ventral margin, a strong antrorse
point at its base, and 5-6 small antrorse dorsal serrae (Fig. 30, below). Preopercular
spine length 3.2 in head. Preopercular spine formula 1 >= 1. Lateral line intercon-
nected by a commissure each across the interorbital and the occiptal region, and by
two commissures dorsally across the caudal peduncle. Body depth 7.4 in SL. Body
width 6.2 in SL. Urogenital papilla in the male 16 in head. Caudal peduncle length
5.6 in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 19.2 in SL.
First dorsal fin higher than second dorsal fin in the male, but spines not filamen-
tous; second spine longest; first spine 4.7 in SL, 2nd spine 4.1, 3rd spine 4.8, 4th spine
6.3. Predorsal (1) length 3.7 in SL. Second dorsal fin rays unbranched, the last divid-
ed to its base. Second dorsal fin distally straight, the last ray slightly elongate. First
ray of second dorsal fin in the male 5.9 in SL, last ray 4.8. Predorsal (2) length 2.0 in
SL. Anal fin beginning on a vertical through 2nd ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin
rays unbranched, the last divided to its base. First anal fin ray in the ale 15.9 in SL,
last ray 4.9. Preanal fin length 2.0 in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to base of 3rd anal fin
membrane when laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.2 in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.8 in
SL. Pelvic fin reaching to base of 1st anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin
spine 10.5 in SL; pelvic fin length 3.4 in SL. Prepelvic fin length 4.2 in SL. Median
two rays of caudal fin in the male distally extremely elongate; caudal fin length in the
male 1.0 in SL.
Colour in life (based on photograph taken from the holotype by J. E. RANDALL).
Head and body light brown, belly white. Eye brown. Sides of head and body cov-
ered with large grey blotches; sides of body also with small reddish brown spots.
Thorax with faint lines reaching to membrane connecting pectoral fin with pelvic
fin. First dorsal fin yellowish, with oblique dark brown lines. Second dorsal fin with
three horizontal rows of greyish brown spots, and with white spots on the rays in
64 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
between. Distal half of anal fin blackish, leaving tips of fin rays and distal section of
membranes whitish. Lower margin of caudal fın blackish; central part with 8 verti-
cal rows of brown spots, dorsal part with 3 oblique greyish brown lines. Pelvic fin
with a median and a distal row of blackish blotches. Pectoral fin translucent.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body yellowish, belly white. Eyes dark grey. Subor-
bital region with a faint vertical brown streak; base of preopercular spine with 2-3
brown spots. Thorax with a heart-shaped dark brown blotch, but without lines.
Sides of body with a row of 6 brown blotches below the lateral line; back with about
6 faint brown saddles. First dorsal fin on the 1st and 2nd membranes with 8 oblique
brown lines, and on the 3rd and 4th membranes with brown blotches and lines; an-
terior distal portions of 2nd and 3rd membranes each with a short black line follow-
ing the outer margin of the membrane. Second dorsal fin translucent; each mem-
brane with 3 horizontal brown streaks. Distal half of anal fin brown, leaving tips of
fin rays and distal section of membranes whitish. Lower margin of caudal fin brown;
central part with 8 vertical rows of brown spots. Pelvic fin with a median and a dis-
tal row of brown blotches. Pectoral fin translucent.
Distribution
The new species is known only from the type locality, Wongat Island, Madang
Province, Papua New Guinea (Fig. 31); the holotype was collected at a depth of
20-27 m.
Relationships
Callionymus zythros n.sp. is amember of the Callionymus-persicus species-group,
which is characterized by 9 dorsal rays, 8 anal rays, the median 2-4 caudal fin
branches extremely elongate, and a preopercular spine with a strong main tip, a
strong antrorse spine at its base, and small serrae on its dorsal margin; other mem-
bers of the group are Callionymus aagilis Fricke, 1999 (FRICKE, 1999: 491-493, fig. 9,
Réunion; holotype: MNHN 1966-0833); C. izuensis Fricke & Zaiser Brownell, 1993
(FRICKE & ZAISER BROWNELL, 1993: 4, fig. 2, Igaya Bay, Miyake-jima, Izu Islands,
Japan; holotype: NSMT-P 35099); C. luridus Fricke, 1981 (Fricke, 1981c: 390-393,
figs 2-3, tab. 2, Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea, holotype: BMNH 1894.4.24.7;
FRICKE, 1983: 394-398, fig. 116, Macclesfield Bank, 69.5-80.5 m depth); C. neptunius
(Seale, 1910) (SEALE, 1910: 539-540, Balayan Bay, Philippines, holotype destroyed in
WW II; Fricke, 1983: 411-416, fig. 121, revision); ©. persicus Regan, 1906 (REGAN,
1906: 325-326, pl. 3, fig. 1, Persian Gulf, Mekran Coast, Muscat, syntypes: BMNH;
FRICKE, 1983: 416-423, figs 122-124, revision); C. sereti Fricke, 1998 (FRICKE, 1998:
6-9, fig. 2, Futuna Island Shelf; holotype: MNHN 1995-0523); C. superbus Fricke,
1983 (FRICKE, 1983: 442-448, fig. 131, Indonesia; holotype: RMNH 6219); C. tethys
Fricke, 1993 (FRICKE, 1993: 369-371, fig. 2, New Caledonia; holotype: MNHN
1993-0136). The new species differs from all species of the group except C. izuensis
and C. persicus in the absence of filaments in the male's first dorsal fin, and in having
8 oblique brown lines on the 1st and second membranes of the first dorsal fin. From
the most closely related species C. persicus, the new species differs in having less dis-
tinct lines on the thorax, in the broader dark band on the male's anal fin, in having
only the median 2 caudal fin branches elongate (4 branches elongate in C. persicus),
and the different colour pattern of the first dorsal fin. From C. izuensis, C. neptu-
nius, C. superbus and C. thethys, the new species differs in having less distinct lines
65
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
‘dsu sosgadz ‘7 ‘Teas yortg — ‘s€qjaq ‘+ ‘sapsuers yJOeIq 318] — ‘suquadus 5 ‘sarenbs yoryq [yews — 279405
I SPA Yoryq 3318] — 'snns4ad ‘7 ‘safsuern yoryq [Tews — ‘suzunidau ‘7 SPD Yoryq [[eus — ‘suptin] “dD “reis 91 \ — 'sısuanzı ‘7 ‘yoeIg
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66 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
on the thorax. From C. izuensis, it also differs in the number of brown lines on the
first dorsal fin (only 5 lines in the lower half of the 1st and 2nd membranes in C.
1ZUeNSIS).
Remarks
The discovery of additional species has resulted in splitting the former Calliony-
mus-japonicus species-group (9 second dorsal fin rays, 8 anal fin rays, preopercular
spine with a strong main tip, a strong antrorse spine at its base, and small serrae on
its dorsal margin) into four new groups (see remarks on 5.3. C. japonicus). Species
with the median 2-4 caudal fin ray branches extremely elongate in the male form the
Callionymus-persicus species-group (distribution see Fig. 31; species: C. aagilis, C.
izuensis, C. luridus, C. neptunius, C. persicus, C. sereti, C. superbus, C. tethys, C.
zythros n.sp.).
5.7. Synchiropus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Callionymus altivelis Temminck & Schlegel, 1845: 155-156, pl. 79, fig. 1 (Ohomura, near Na-
gasaki, Japan; lectotype: RMNH D.1012, dry specimen, as designated by BOESEMAN,
1947: 134),
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) altivelis: Fricke, 1981b: 55-60 (part: Japan, South China Sea, Ja-
va/Indonesia, Philippines). — FRICKE, 1983: 576-583 (part: Japan, Taiwan, Philippines).
Foetorepus altivelis: NAKABO, 1993: 987, fig. (Japan; with pictorial key).
Material
Total: 53 specimens (as listed by Fricke, 1981b, 1983; specimens from Japan, Taiwan,
Philippines, South China Sea, and Indonesia).
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchi-
ropus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays; a preopercular spine with
a long, straight main tip and with a strong, recurved point on its dorsal margin; eye
small, eye diameter 3.0-3.3 in head; first dorsal fin higher than second dorsal fin in
both sexes, first spine in the male with a long filament; second dorsal fin distally
straight in the female, distally concave in the male, first ray elongate in the male; anal
fin relatively low in the female, larger in the male; caudal fin elongate in the male,
with numerous long filaments; caudal fin shorter in the female, without filaments;
first dorsal fin pale in the male, with a dark blotch on the third membrane in the fe-
male; the anal fin pale in the male, distally spotted in the female; the caudal fin pale
in both sexes; the pelvic fin pale in both sexes.
Distribution
Southern Japan to western Indonesia (Java) and the Philippines, at depths of
71-566 m (Fig. 32).
Remarks
The publication date of the original description of Callionymus altivelis Tem-
minck & Schlegel is 1845 (according to SHERBORN & KENTINK, 1895).
Populations from the Hawaiian Islands described by Fricke (1981b, 1983) under
the name S. altivelis were found to belong to a separate species, S. hawaiiensis n.sp.
67
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA
‘ds-u 1403540 'S pue aviuopajvoavaou 'S ‘sasenbs yoeyq [jews :sorenbs
— ‘ds'u zu0g924 'S ‘apsueIn Yory{q 931e] — 7jouuıs ’S afsuern yoryq untpayy — "ds"u synoopuvs 'S “ofsueLi yoryq [jews :saysueraszy — dsu
1u01xvd 'S “yoe[q Aq popuno.sins seIs s11y Wy — “ds‘u sisuanvapvg 'S ‘sIeIS YOR] G — Tpurjap 'S ‘sIeIS DY. 1811S — ‘WwWpusvu 'S pur ıviırgouvy
§ OP Fey sperg [Jews — ‘syvqsny 'S ‘aos Fey Yoryq ose] :s9]9119 erg —‘ds'u stuwdrusis 'S ‘opos19 ay AQ popunozins aos19 yor[q
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68 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
(as described below, 5.9.). The Hancock Seamount material mentioned by FRICKE
(1981b, 1983) belongs to S. kinmeiensis Nakabo, Yamamoto & Chen, 1983. The
northern population of S. altivelis is restricted to an area between Japan, the Philip-
pines, and western Indonesia.
Specimens from seamounts SE of New Caledonia, previously assigned to S. al-
tivelis, were found to belong to a separate species, S. orstom n.sp. (description see
above, 4.15.).
The Synchiropus-altivelis species-group was formerly regarded as consisting of
five species only (FRICKE, 1983; S. altivelis, S. calauropomus, S. delandi, S. grinnelli,
S. monacanthus). Subsequently, several additional species were described. Now, the
species-group is expanded to comprise the following 17 species (distributions see
Fig. 32):
(1) S. altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845); southern Japan to Gulf of Tonkin, west-
ern Indonesia, and Philippines.
(2) S. australis Nakabo & McKay, 1989 (NakaBo & McKay, 1989: 563-565, figs 1-2,
off Queensland, 23°59'S 152°59'E, 380 m depth; holotype: QM 1.21255); Queens-
land and New South Wales, Australia.
(3) S. calauropomus (Richardson, 1844) (RicHARDsON, 1844: 10-11, pl. 7, figs 4-5,
Australia, holotype: BMNH 1855.9.19.183, as Callionymus calauropomus;
FRIcKE, 1981b: 68-72, figs 19-20, revision, southern half of Australia; Fricke,
1983: 587-592, figs 178-179, southern half of Australia); southern Australia.
(4) S. delandi Fowler, 1943 (FOWLER, 1943: 81-82, fig. 20, Mabul Island, northeast-
ern Borneo, 04°12'10''N 118°38'05''E, 260 fms/475 m depth, holotype: USNM
99524; FRICKE, 1983: 592-595, fig. 180); Borneo to Taiwan.
(5) S. grandoculis n.sp. (description see below, 5.8.); Western Australia.
(6) S. grinnelli Fowler, 1941 (FOWLER, 1941: 24-26, fig. 15, San Bernardino Light,
Philippines, 12°55'26''N 124°22'12''E, 195 fms/357 m depth, holotype: USNM
99436; FRICKE, 1983: 595-599, figs 181-182); Philippines.
(7) S. hawaiiensis n.sp. (description see below, 5.9.); Hawaiian Islands.
(8) S. kamoharai Nakabo, 1983 (NAKABo, 1983: 210-211, fig. 5, Kochi Province,
Japan, holotype: BSKU 7452); southern Japan.
(9) S. kanmuensis Nakabo, Yamamoto & Chen, 1983 (NAKABO, YAMAMOTO &
CHEN, 1983: 351-353, fig.3, Kanmu Seamount, Emperor Seamounts, 32°00'N
172°50'E, 355-498 m depth, holotype: FAKU 50671); Kanmu Seamount, north
central Pacific.
(10) S. kinmeiensis Nakabo, Yamamoto & Chen, 1983 (NAKABO, YAMAMOTO &
CHEN, 1983: 349-351, figs 1-2, Kanmu and Kinmei Seamounts, Emperor
Seamounts, 350-375 m depth, holotype: HUMZ 68699); Kanmu, Kinmei and
Hancock Seamounts (new record, based on BPBM 24808), north central Pacific.
(11) S. masudai Nakabo, 1987 (Naxkaso, 1987: 335-340, figs 1, 2, 3A, Kochi Prefec-
ture, Japan, holotype: FAKU 52494); southern Japan.
(12) S. monacanthus Smith, 1935 (SmrrH, 1935: 187-189, Port Alfred, South Africa,
holotype: RUSI 135; Fricke, 1983: 627-630, figs 193-194); South Africa to Soma-
lia, also Madagascar (new record, based on MNHN 1988-1476-1477, 2 speci-
mens).
(13) S. novaecaledomiae Fricke, 1993 (see above, 4.13.); West Jumeau Seamount, SE
of Grande Terre, New Caledonia.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 69
(14) S. orstom n.sp. (see above, 4.15.); East Jumeau and Azteque Seamounts, SE of
Grande Terre, New Caledonia.
(15) S. paxtoni, n.sp. (see below, 5.10.); Western Australia.
(16) S. richeri n.sp. (see above, 4.17.); Grande Terre, New Caledonia.
(17) S. signipinnis n.sp. (see above, 4.19.); Chesterfield Islands.
5.8. Synchiropus grandoculis n.sp. (Fig. 33)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427043
Material
Total: 3 specimens.
Holotype. Western Australia: WAM P.20418-001, male, 128.5 mm SL; 70 km SE Row-
ley Shoals, 18°01'S 118°25'E, 351-353 m depth; N. SINCLAIR & P. BERRY; 24 Aug. 1983.
Paratypes. Western Australia: NTM S.12728-041, 135.4 mm SL; SE of Rowley Shoals,
18°01'S 118°23'E, 420m depth; D. Evans; 6 Feb. 1990. - SMNS 12822, 2 specimens,
117.6-135.6 mm SL; same data as the holotype.
Etymology
Grandis (Latin) means large; oculus (Latin) means eye (form oculis). The name refers to the
unusually large eyes of the new species.
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchi-
ropus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays, 19-21 pectoral fin rays, a
preopercular spine with a short, upcurved main tip and a strong curved dorsal point;
the first dorsal fin plain pale in both sexes, lower than the first ray of the second dor-
sal fin; the first ray of the second dorsal fin slightly elongate in the male; the median
caudal fin rays blackish and with short filaments in the male; the eye large, its dia-
meter 1.9-2.2 in head; and the preorbital region 3.6-5.9 in head.
Description
D, IV (IV); Do 8 (8); A vi,1 (vi,1); Py i,18-19,i, total 20-21 (i,17-19,i; total 19-21);
Py 1,5 (1,5); C (11),1,7,11,(11) ((111),1,7,11,111)).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, 3.8 (3.8-3.9) in SL.
Eye extremely large; eye diameter 2.2 (1.9-2.0) in head. Preorbital length 3.6
(4.4-5.9) in head. Interorbital distance 8.2 (9.8-10.1) in head. Maxillary length 3.4
(3.2-3.4) in head. Preopercular spine with a short, upcurved main tip, a vertical,
curved dorsal point, a smooth ventral margin and base (Fig. 33, below). Preopercu-
lar spine length 4.1 (3.8-4.0) in head. Preopercular spine formula —- L 1. Body depth
6.1 (5.5-5.9) in SL. Body width 5.4 (5.0-5.5) in SL. Urogenital papilla in the male 29
(34) in head, in the female 38. Caudal peduncle length 4.1 (4.2-4.4) in SL. Caudal pe-
duncle depth 17.9 (16.0-17.4) in SL.
First dorsal fin relatively low in the male, first spine 4.5 (5.0) in SL, 2nd spine 5.4
(5.9), 3rd spine 7.6 (7.9), 4th spine 11.4 (13.8); in the female, 1st spine 6.6 in SL, 2nd
spine 7.6, 3rd spine 9.4, 4th spine 12.2. Predorsal (1) length 3.1 (3.0-3.2) in SL. Sec-
ond dorsal fin rays branched, the last divided at its base. First ray of second dorsal
fin in the male 4.8 (4.9) in SL, last ray 5.5 (5.6); in the female, 1st ray 5.2 in SL, last
ray 5.8 in SL. Predorsal (2) length 2.1 (2.1-2.2) in SL. Anal fin beginning on a verti-
cal through 3rd or 4th membrane of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays unbranched, the
Ser. A, Nr. 617
STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE
70
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FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 71
last divided at its base. First anal fin ray 11.6 (11.6) in SL, last ray 6.5 (6.2-7.0). Pre-
anal fin length 1.8 (1.8) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to 3rd anal fin membrane when
laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.1 (4.0-4.1) in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.6 (2.4-2.5)
in SL. Pelvic fin reaching to 1st or 2nd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin
spine 11.8 (12.1-13.4) in SL; pelvic fin length 3.7 (3.7-3.8) in SL. Prepelvic fin length
3.5 (3.1-3.2) in SL. Caudal fin distally convex, the median three rays with short fila-
ments in the male; caudal fin length in the male 2.7 (2.9) in SL, in the female 2.8 in
SL:
Colour in life (male specimen; according to field note by N. SINCLAIR, Perth,
Western Australia). Head and body pale. A yellow bar each dorsally across preor-
bital and interorbital region; two yellow blotches dorsally on snout. Sides of body
with horizontal yellow stripes, and some yellow spots below. First dorsal fin with
white spines and orange yellow membranes. Second dorsal fin pink-orange, with 4
oblique white bars. Anal fin rays white, membranes red. Caudal fin with a red low-
er margin; with about 6 vertical yellow bars, and white spots in between; tips of me-
dian fin rays blackish. Pelvic fins white, with yellow mottling. Pectoral fin translu-
cent.
Colour in alcohol. The yellow, orange and red colours fade away. Specimens have
the head, body, and fins plain whitish; the eye dark grey, and the tips of the caudal
fin blackish.
Sexual dimorphism. Not much developed. Males differ from females in the slight-
ly higher first dorsal fin, in the slightly elongate first ray of the second dorsal fin, in
the longer caudal fin, the longer urogenital papilla, and a brighter life colouration.
Distribution
This new species is known only from the type locality, the continental slope west
of Broome, Western Australia (Fig. 32); it was collected at depths of 351-420 m.
Relationships
Synchiropus grandoculis n.sp. is a member of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-
group (species see description of S. altivelis, 5.7.). The new species is compared with
S. orstom n.sp. (4.15.), S. richeri n.sp. (4.17.) and S. signipinnis n.sp. (4.19.) in the “Re-
lationships” sections of these species. It is distinguished from S. novaecaledoniae and
S. monacanthus in having a short, upcurved main tip of the preopercular spine (long
and straight in the other two species), the first dorsal fin lower than the second dor-
sal fin in both sexes (higher in S. novaecaledoniae and male S. monacanthus; as high
as second dorsal fin in female S. monacanthus), the caudal fin bearing median fila-
ments in males (extended but without filaments in the other two species), the first
dorsal fin pale in males (striped in the other species), pale in females (basally dark in
S. monacanthus; with a black blotch in S. novaecaledoniae), the anal fin pale (distal-
ly dark in male S. monacanthus; with stripes and spots in S. novaecaledoniae), and
the pelvic fin pale (distally dark in male S. monacanthus).
5.9. Synchiropus hawaiiensis n.sp. (Fig. 34)
Synchiropus (Synchiropus) altivelis (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845): FRICKE, 1981b: 55-60,
figs 15-16 (part: Hawaiian Islands). — Fricke, 1983: 576-583, figs 173-174 (part: Hawai-
ian Islands).
72 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Fig. 34. Synchiropus hawaiiensis n.sp.; Hawaiian Islands; BPBM 23874, paratypes. - Above,
specimen 1, male, 116.3 mm SL: lateral view (scale: 10 mm); - centre, left preopercu-
lar spine (scale: 2 mm); - below, specimen 2, female, 87.8 mm SL: lateral view (scale:
10 mm). (From Fricke, 1981b: figs 15-16.)
Synchiropus kinmeiensis (non Nakabo, Yamamoto & Chen, 1983): RANDALL, 1999: 198-200,
fig. 6 (part: Hawaiian Islands).
Material
Total: 88 specimens.
Holotype. Hawaiian Islands: USNM 314624, male, 110.3 mm SL; 20°38'18''N
156°40'36'"' — 20°41'06''N 156°41'18''W, 292-296 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”,
Cruise 33, St. TC 33-36; 9 Nov. 1967.
Paratypes. Hawaiian Islands: BPBM 9840, 1 specimen, 102 mm SL; Pailolo Channel, be-
tween Maui and Molokai Islands, 219 m depth; L. HENsLER & R/V “Machias”, Cruise 3; Feb.
1970. - BPBM 24219, 9 specimens, 90-128 mm SL; Pailolo Channel, between Maui and
Molokai Islands, 21°02'N 156°44'W, 229-238 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise
40, St. 56; 18 Nov. 1968. - BPBM 24244, 16 specimens, 75-131 mm SL; Pailolo Channel, be-
tween Maui and Molokai Islands, 21°02'N 156°45'W, 234m depth; R/V “Townsend
Cromwell”, Cruise 40, St. 62; 19 Nov. 1968. - BPBM 24358, 14 specimens, 83-116 mm SL;
North Maui, 21°04'N 156°30'W, 274-318 m depth, R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 40,
St. 92; 25 Nov. 1968. - SMNS 21816, 10 specimens, 73.9-121.6 mm SL; same data as BPBM
24244. - SMNS 21817, 4 specimens, 104.8-112.3 mm SL; same data as BPBM 24358. - SMNS
21929, 4 specimens, 81.5-115.6 mm SL, 21°03'01''N 156°45'04''W - 21°07'00''N
156°50'03''W, 229 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 40, St. TC 40-63; 19 Nov.
1968. — USNM 314596, 2 specimens, 84.3-98.2 mm SL; 20°57'25''N 156°47'06"W -
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 73
21°04'00''N 156°44'06''W, 216-232 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 36, St. TC
36-11; 28 Apr. 1968. - USNM 314598, 1 female, 82.6 mm SL; 21°01'42''N 156°43'06''W —
20°58'48''N 156°45'06''W, 185-232 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 35, St. TC
35-4; 28 Mar. 1968. - USNM 314609, 2 specimens, 60.8-86.2 mm SL; Pailolo Channel; R/V
“Townsend Cromwell”; Jan. 1970. - USNM 314610, 2 specimens, 68.8-101.4 mm SL;
21°00'36''N 156°44'12"W — 20°57'54"'N 156°47'24''W, 220-221 m depth; R/V “Townsend
Cromwell”, Cruise 36, St. TC 36-12; 25 Apr. 1968. - USNM 314611, 3 specimens,
65.9-111.0 mm SL; 21°01'12''N 156°44'06''W — 20°57'54'"'N 156°47'54''W, 227-234 m depth;
R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 36, St. TC 36-8; 27 Apr. 1968. - USNM 314612, 4 speci-
mens, 75.5-120.5 mm SL; same data as SMNS 21929. -— USNM 314613, 4 specimens,
75.6-128.3 mm SL; 21°03'06"'N 156°45'00''W — 21°01'00''N 156°50'54''W, 212-236 m depth;
R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 40, St. TC 40-69; 20 Nov. 1968. - USNM 314616, 2
males, 109.8-114.4 mm SL; 21°01'12''N 156°44'06''W — 20°57'12'"'N 156°47'06''W, 0-210 m
depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 40, St. TC 40-47; 16 Nov. 1968. - USNM 315443,
5 specimens, 73.6-113.0 mm SL; 21°01'42''N 156°43'30''W - 20°57'30''N 156°47'42"'W,
219-229 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 40, St. TC 40-53; 17 Nov. 1968. -
USNM 315445, 4 specimens, 81.2-125.7 mm SL; 21°04'00"'N 156°43'48''W - 20°57'18''N
156°47'18''W, 218 m depth; R/V “Townsend Cromwell”, Cruise 40, St. TC 40-49; 17 Nov.
1968.
Etymology
The name of the new species refers to the type locality, Hawaiian Islands, to which it is ap-
parently endemic.
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchi-
ropus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays, 17-22 pectoral fin rays; a
preopercular spine with a long, straight main tip and a strong, recurved point on its
dorsal margin; eye medium sized, eye diameter 2.4-2.9 in head; first dorsal fin in the
male lower, in the female higher than second dorsal fin, without filaments; second
dorsal fin distally straight in the female, distally concave in the male, first ray elon-
gate in the male; anal fin relatively low in the female, larger in the male; caudal fin
elongate in the male, shorter in the female, without filaments; first dorsal fin with a
blackish blotch on the third membrane in both sexes, in the female also with dark
stripes on the anterior membranes; the anal fin pale in the male, distally spotted in
the female; the caudal fin pale in the male, dorsally dark in the female; the pelvic fin
with two rows of dark spots.
Description
D, IV (IV); Do 8 (8); A vil (vi,1); Pı 18-19, ii, total 21-22 (0-ii,15-20,ii, total
17-22); Pa 1,5 (1,5); C (i1),1,7,11,(11) (G-11),1,7,11,(1-11)).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head length 3.8 (3.3-3.7) in SL. Eye 2.5
(2.4-2.9) in head. Preorbital length 3.4 (3.2-4.1) in head. Interorbital distance 6.4
(8.3-21.1) in head. Occipital region with two low, round bony protuberances. Max-
illary length 3.0 (3.1-3.7) in head. Preopercular spine with a long, straight main tip,
a smooth base, a smooth ventral margin, and an extremely recurved dorsal point
(Fig. 34, centre). Preopercular spine formula-— 1 (- + 1). Lateral lines of the op-
posite sides of the body interconnected by a commissure across the predorsal region.
Body depth 7.1 (4.8-7.1) in SL. Body width 6.2 (4.0-5.3) in SL. Urogenital papilla in
the male 24.0 (9.4-16.4) in head, in the female more than 44 in head or not visible.
Caudal peduncle length 4.0 (4.1-4.8) in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 16.7 (17.6-18.7)
in SL. Maximum observed SL 130.8 mm (male), 114.2 mm (female).
74 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
First dorsal fin relatively low in the male, first spine occasionally with a short fil-
ament but always shorter than first ray of second dorsal fin; length of first spine 5.3
(4.3-5.1) in SL, 2nd spine 5.4 (4.8-5.4), 3rd spine 6.4 (5.9-6.5), 4th spine 8.4 (7.0-8.6);
in the female higher than first ray of second dorsal fin, first spine always with a fila-
ment; length of 1st spine 3.2-4.6 in SL. Predorsal (1) length 3.6 (3.5-3.7) in SL. Sec-
ond dorsal fin rays branched, the last divided at its base. Second dorsal fin distally
convex in the male, straight in the female. First ray of second dorsal fin in the male
elongate, its length 3.4 (3.4-3.9) in SL, 5th ray 3.6 (3.5-4.3), last ray 3.3 (3.2-4.0); Ist
ray in the female 4.4-4.7 in SL. Predorsal (2) length 2.3 (2.1-2.2) in SL. Anal fin be-
ginning on a vertical through 2nd membrane of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays un-
branched, the last divided at its base. First anal fin ray in the male 9.4 (9.5-11.7), 5th
ray 5.9 (5.9-6.5), last ray 4.1 (4.0-6.7); 1st ray in the female 9.2-11.3 in SL. Preanal
fin length 1.9 (1.8-2.0) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to 3rd—4th anal fin membrane
when laid back. Pectoral fin length 3.4 (3.5-4.7) in SL. Prepectoral fin length 2.7 in
SL. Pelvic fin reaching to 1st-2nd anal fin membrane when laid back. Pelvic fin spine
12.7 (11.2-14.0) in SL; pelvic fin length 3.0 (2.9-3.7). Prepelvic fin length 3.6
(3.4-3.7) in SL. Caudal fin distally elongate in the male, the median rays occasional-
ly with a few short filaments; shorter in the female, distally rounded; caudal fin
length in the male 2.3 (1.9-2.6) in SL, in the female 2.8-3.6 in SL.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body brown, sides of body spotted with dark
brown. Eye dark grey. First dorsal fin in the male light, first spine with darker spots,
third membrane with a distal dusky area occasionally reaching on distal part of sec-
ond membrane. Second dorsal fin rays spotted with dark grey. Anal, caudal, pectoral
and pelvic fins pale. First dorsal fin in the female with a large black blotch on the
third membrane, and dark brown stripes on the anterior membranes. Second dorsal
rays spotted with grey. Anal fin pale, or distally with black blotches. Upper distal
section of caudal fin dark grey. Pectoral fins translucent; pelvic fin with two groups
of brown spots.
Sexual dimorphism. Males have a higher second dorsal (especially 1st ray) and
anal fin, a longer caudal fin, a shorter first spine of the first dorsal fin, a longer uro-
genital papilla, and a different colouration of the first dorsal fin.
Distribution
The new species is known only from Pailolo Channel, Hawaiian Islands (between
the islands of Maui and Molokai) (Fig. 32). It was collected at depths of 185-318 m.
Relationships
Synchiropus hawaiiensis n.sp. is a member of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-
group (other species see above in description of S. altivelis, 5.7.). It is distinguished
from other species with medium-sized eyes (eye diameter 2.3-3.0 in head) by the
long and downcurved main tip of the preopercular spine (short and upcurved in S.
australis, S. delandi, S. kamoharai, S. masndai, S. orstom), the recurved dorsal point
on the preopercular spine (vertical in S. kamoharai, S. monacanthus, S. orstom), the
male’s first dorsal fin lower than the second dorsal fin (higher in S. australis, S. grin-
nelli, S. kamoharai, S. kanmuensis, §. masudat, S. monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae,
S. orstom, S. paxtoni), the female’s first dorsal fin higher than the second dorsal fin
(lower in S. kinmeiensis, S. masudai), the second dorsal fin high in males (low in S.
grinnelli, S. kanmuensis), the male’s second dorsal fin distally concave (straight in S.
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 75
australis, S. grinnelli, S. kanmuensis, S. novaecaledoniae), the female’s second dorsal
fin distally straight (convex in S. orstom, S. paxtoni), the male’s caudal fin extended,
but without filaments (longer, and with median filaments in S. australis, S. kamo-
harai, S. kanmuensis, S. kinmeiensis, S. masudai, S. paxtoni), the female’s caudal fin
without filaments (with median filaments in S. Ramoharai), the male’s first dorsal fin
with a dark blotch on third membrane (pale in S. delandi, S. kanmuensis, S. masudai;
striped in S. kamoharai, S. monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae), the male’s anal fin pale
(distally dark in S. grinnelli, S. monacanthus, S. orstom), and the female’s anal fin
with distal dark spots (pale in S. kanmuensis, S. kinmeiensis, S. masudai, S. monacan-
thus, S. novaecaledoniae, S. orstom, S. paxtoni).
Remarks
This new species was originally described by Fricke (1981b, 1983) as part of
Synchiropus altivelis (non Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). When subsequently addi-
tional material of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group became available, the
Hawaiian Islands specimens were found to belong to a separate, new species.
RANDALL (1999: 198-200) treated Hawaiian specimens as S. kinmeiensis; they
were found to differ from that species in having a lower first dorsal fin of the female,
and the female’s anal fin bearing dark spots; the caudal fin of a male specimen of S.
hawaiiensis was illustrated by RANDALL (1999: fig. 6) as having filaments, but this is
apparently an artifact, as fragments of membranes were found on the median caudal
rays of males.
5.10. Synchiropus paxtoni n.sp. (Fig. 35)
CAAB Code (Australia): 37 427044
Material
Total: 6 specimens.
Holotype: Western Australia: AMS 1.22828-011, male, 113.1 mm SL; 190 km NW of
Port Hedland, 19°01'S 117°21'E, 200-202 m depth; J. R. Paxton, R/V “Soela”; 14 Apr. 1982.
Paratype: Western Australia: AMS I.22828-000, 1 female, 129.8 mm SL; same data as the
holotype. — CSIRO H.3193-01, 1 female, 119.9 mm SL; NW of Port Hedland, 18°27'S
117°34'E, 460 m depth; CSIRO party; 3 Feb. 1992.
Other material. Western Australia: AMS I.24449-006, 1 specimen, NW Shelf, 18°53'S
116°10'E; R/V “Soela”; 1984.
Australia, Northern Territory: NTM S.12453-001, 1 male, 106.8 mm SL; Arafura Sea, N of
Bathurst Island, 9°46'S 130°01'E, 279 m depth; M. SacHs£; 16 July 1988. - NTM S.12454-001,
1 specimen, 94.8 mm SL; same area as NTM S.12453-001, 9°46'S 130°00'E, 275 m depth; M.
SACHSE; 4 July 1988.
Etymology
This new species is named in honour of JOHN Paxton (AMS, Sydney), who collected the
holotype and one paratype on board of R/V “Soela”.
Diagnosis
A Synchiropus of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group of the subgenus Synchi-
ropus with 8 rays in the second dorsal fin, 7 anal fin rays, 19-22 pectoral fin rays; a
preopercular spine with a long, upcurved main tip and a strong, recurved point on its
dorsal margin; eye medium sized, eye diameter 2.7-3.0 in head; first dorsal fin in the
male higher than, in the female as high as second dorsal fin, first spine with a filament
76 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
Fig. 35. Synchiropus paxtoni n.sp.; Western Australia; AMS 1.22828-011, holotype, male,
113.1 mm SL. — Above, lateral view (scale: 10 mm); — centre, left preopercular spine
(scale: 4 mm). — AMS 1.22828-000, paratype, 1 female, 129.8 mm SL; — below, later-
al view (scale: 10 mm).
in both sexes; second dorsal fin distally concave in both sexes, first ray elongate; anal
fin relatively low in both sexes; caudal fin elongate in the male, with a few short me-
dian filaments, shorter in the female, without filaments; first dorsal fin pale in the
male, with a dark spot on the third membrane in the female; the anal, caudal and
pelvic fins pale in both sexes.
Description
D; IV (IV); D2 8 (8); A vi,1 (vi,1); Pı 1,17-18,11, total 20-21 (1,16-19,11; total 19-22);
P> 1,5 (1,5); C (11),1,7,11,(11) ((1),1,7,11,(11)).
Body elongate and slightly depressed. Head slightly depressed, 3.7 (3.7) in SL.
Eye 2.7 (2.7-3.0) in head. Preorbital length 3.2 (3.8—4.1) in head. Interorbital distance
15.6 (11.6-11.8) in head. Maxillary length 3.3 (3.2-3.3) in head. Preopercular spine
with a long, upcurved main tip, a strong, recurved dorsal point, a smooth ventral
margin and base (Fig. 35, centre). Preopercular spine length 5.6 (4.4-6.1) in head.
Preopercular spine formula - + 1. Body depth 6.5 (6.5-7.1) in SL. Body width 4.9
(4.6-5.4) in SL. Urogenital papilla in the male 16 (33) in head, in the female 54 in
FRICKE, CALLIONYMIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA 77:
head. Caudal peduncle length 4.2 (4.2-4.4) in SL. Caudal peduncle depth 15.6
(14.9-16.9) in SL.
First dorsal fin distally concave in both sexes, high in the male, the first spine fila-
mentous; length of first spine 2.6 (3.0) in SL, 2nd spine 4.0 (4.2), 3rd spine 7.2 (7.0),
4th spine 10.0 (9.9); lower in the female, 1st spine 4.0 in SL, 2nd spine 6.3, 3rd spine
8.5, 4th spine 9.3. Predorsal (1) length 3.2 (3.4-3.5) in SL. Second dorsal fin rays
branched, the last divided at its base. First ray of second dorsal fin 4.1 (4.1-4.4) in SL,
last ray 4.9 (5.2-5.3) in SL. Predorsal (2) length 2.1 (2.2) in SL. Anal fin beginning on
a vertical through 3rd ray of second dorsal fin. Anal fin rays unbranched, the last di-
vided at its base. First anal fin ray 10.2 (10.7-12.2) in SL, last ray 6.2 (6.3-6.6) in SL.
Preanal fin length 1.8 (1.8-1.9) in SL. Pectoral fin reaching to base of 1st-2nd anal fin
membrane when laid back. Pectoral fin length 4.6 (4.7-4.9) in SL. Prepectoral fin
length 2.6 (2.7-2.8) in SL. Pelvic fin reaching to 1st anal fin membrane when laid
back. Pelvic fin spine 12.9 (14.2-17.3) in SL; pelvic fin length 3.4 (3.6-3.7) in SL. Pre-
pelvic fin length 3.6 (3.7-4.0) in SL. Caudal fin distally convex, the male with short
filaments on the median rays; caudal fin length 3.0 (3.2-3.5) in SL.
Colour in alcohol. Head and body pale, eye dark grey. Back with a few small dark
brown spots below base of first dorsal fin. First and second dorsal fins in the male
distally with a narrow dark margin, first dorsal fin in the male also with a faint dark
blotch distally on the third membrane. Other fins colourless.
Sexual dimorphism. Males have a higher first dorsal fin than females, a longer uro-
genital papilla, and a different colouration of the first and second dorsal fins.
Distribution
This new species is known from the outer continental shelf off Port Hedland,
Western Australia (Fig. 32), and from the Arafura Sea, Northern Territory; the
species was collected at depths of 200-460 m.
Relationships
Synchiropus paxtoni n.sp. is a member of the Synchiropus-altivelis species-group
(species see description of S. altivelis, 5.7.). It is closely related to S. australis from
southern Queensland, but differs in the lower first dorsal fin in males, the distally
concave second dorsal fin in both sexes, the lacking black colouration in the male’s
caudal and anal fins, and the longer preorbital. Synchiropus paxtoni n.sp. differs from
other species with a medium-sized eye (eye diameter 2.3-3.0 in head) by the long,
upcurved main tip of its preopercular spine (short and upcurved in S. australis, S. de-
landi, S. kamoharai, S. masndai, S. orstom; short and straight in S. grinnelli; long and
straight in S. kanmuensis, S. kinmeiensis, S. novaecaledoniae; long and downcurved
in S. hawatiensis), a recurved dorsal point on the preopercular spine (vertical in S.
kamoharai, S. monacanthus, S. orstom), the male’s first dorsal fin higher than the sec-
ond dorsal fin (lower in S. hawaiiensis, S. kinmeiensis), the male’s second dorsal fin
distally concave (straight in S. australis, S. grinnelli, S. kanmuensis, S. novaecaledo-
niae), the female’s second dorsal fin distally concave (straight in all other species ex-
cept S. orstom), the male’s caudal fin with few median filaments (without filaments in
S. delandi, S. hawatiensis, S. monacanthus, S. novaecaledoniae), the female’s caudal
fin without filaments (with median filaments in S. kamoharai), the male’s first dorsal
fin with a dark blotch on the third membrane (pale in S. delandi, S. kanmuensis, S.
masudai; striped in S. kamoharai, S. monacanthus), the female’s first dorsal fin pale
78 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. A, Nr. 617
(with a dark blotch on third membrane in S. grinnelli, S. hawaiiensis, S. novaecale-
doniae, S. orstom; striped in S. kamoharai; basally dark in S. monacanthus), and with
the anal fin pale in both sexes (distally spotted or blackish on S. australis, S. delandi,
S. grinnelli, female S. hawaiiensis, S. kinmeiensis, male S. monacanthus, male S.
orstom).
6. References
ALLEN, G. R. (1996): New records of reef and shore fishes from northwestern Australia. —
Rec. West. Aust. Mus., 18: 109-112; Perth.
ALLEN, G. R. & W. F. SmirH-Vaniz (1994): Chapter 14. Fishes of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
— Atoll Res. Bull., 412: 1-21; Washington D.C.
ALLEN, G. R. & R. SwAINSTON (1993): Reef fishes of New Guinea. — 132 pp.; Madang (Chris-
tensen Research Institute).
BLABER, S. J. M., D. A. MILTON & N. J. F. Rawrınson (1991): A checklist of fishes recorded
by the Baitfish Project in Solomon Islands from 1986 to 1990. — Rep. CSIRO mar. Lab.
212: 1-21; Cleveland/Queensland.
BLEEKER, P. (1879): Revision des espéces insulindiennes de la famille des Callionymoides. —
Versl. Meded. Konink. Akad. Wet. (2) 14: 79-107; Amsterdam.
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Author’s address:
Dr. RONALD Fricke, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde (Museum Schloss Rosenstein),
Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany;
E-Mail: ronfricke@compuserve.com.
ISSN 0341-0145
Schriftleitung: Dr. Wolfgang Seeger, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart
Gesamtherstellung: Gulde-Druck GmbH, D-72072 Tübingen
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