Summary report on explorations in Nova Scotia, 1907

CANADA

DEPARTMENT OF MINES

GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY

How. W. TKMPLEMAN, MJNISTEB; A, P. Low, DEPUTY MLNISTIBJ
R. W. BKOCK, ACTING DIRECTOR.

SUMMAEY REPORT

EXPLORATIONS IN NOVA SCOTIA

1907

HUGH FLETCHER

OTTAWA

PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1908

No. 1O31,

CANADA

DEPARTMENT OF MINES

GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY BRANCH

UoN. W. TEMPLEMAN, MINISTKK ; A. P. Low, DEPUTY MINISTER ;
R. W. BROCK, ACTING DIRECTOR.

SUMMARY REPORT

EXPLORATIONS IN NOVA SCOTIA

19 O 7

HUGH FLETCHER

OTTAWA

PRINTED P,Y S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY

1908

No.

Geology

^Vary'

TNif

SUMMAKY EEPOKT FOR 1907.
BY HUGH FLETCHER.

The early part of 1907 was spent by the writer in the usual work
of the office, in which he was assisted by Mr. H. F. Tufts, who com-
piled the surveys of the summer of 1906 and continued a compilation
of those previously made in the counties of Hants and Kings.
During March, 1907, Mr. Tufts made two short trips into the country
north of Ottawa to collect certain natural history specimens for the
Museum, under instructions from Professor John Macoun. On
April 14 he left Ottawa for Nova Scotia to engage in similar work
and to collect skins of birds and mammals; he continued this work
for Professor Macoun until June 17, when he again resumed geo-
logical work in the neighbourhood of Whiterock, assisted by Mr. W.
W. Hughes and, a few days later, by Mr. M. H. McLeod. Mr. Hughes
left Nova Scotia on July 14, but Messrs. McLeod and Tufts continued
work there until the end of the season.

As is frequently the case with field officers of the Survey, part of
the writer's time during the winter was taken up with queries from
companies and individuals upon questions of mining geology.
From December 3 to December 13, 1906, he was at the Londonderry
mines, to study with the manager, Mr. J. J. Drummond, and the
superintendent of mines, Mr. W. F. C. Parsons, the singular and
interesting deposit of hematite discovered on -the west side of the
Great Village river, not far above the bridge on the Cumberland
road, and worked by the company at the Brooking mine in the imme-
diate vicinity of the igneous rocks of the district.

The Londonderry hematite is eighteen to twenty feet wide where
opened on the bank of a brook by a cross-cut or tunnel from which
a steep shoot runs up to the surface, and it appears to follow a mass
3140— 1^

802041

of diorite and quartz felsite perhaps contemporaneous with the ore.
To test its extension farther down the brook on the line, of its
apparent strike eastward a second tunnel was begun from a lower
level. This tunnel cut soft sedimentary shales and breccia which
extended nearly to the diorite, but were not succeeded by iron ore.
A third tunnel was driven into massive diorite on the supposition
that the vein would keep on the course followed in the first tunnel.

From No. 1, or the working tunnel, drifts were driven easterly
and westerly along the hematite, which was stoped down to the levels,
but to the westward passed into carbonate or white ore, apparently
of subsequent origin and associated with pyrite, while to the east-
ward it became of low grade and was succeeded by an intrusive rock
not rich in iron. The failure of the other tunnels to cut ore seems
to show that the ore body is of limited extent; and a borehole sub-
sequently put down to intersect the ore at a level below No. 1 tunnel
also failed to find a workable mass of hematite. The mode of
occurrence of this ore is in many ways like that of the siliceous-
hematites of other parts of Nova Scotia, that at Arisaig, Blanchard.
Torbrook and elsewhere are associated with diorite, but unlike that
of the contact carboniferous deposits of Newton Mills, Boisdale and
other places in Cape Breton.

Leaving Ottawa on June 12, the writer accompanied Dr. Ells
down the St. Lawrence river to examine the great masses of quartzite
exposed in high knobs and ridges near St. Paschal and Kamouraska
among red, greenish and grey slates. They are folded and show
nearly vertical dips almost in contact with the slates and flags, and
they include limestone concretions and patches of bastard limestone
containing fossils, while graptolites are found in the dark slates.
The slates somewhat resemble and may perhaps represent the
Dictyonema slates of Gaspereau and Highbury, N.S. ; the Quebec
quartzites have not been recognized as distinct from the slates, but
are regarded as lenticularly included among them, all being assigned
to the Cambrian, while a map of the outcrops of the quartzite about
Whiterock, in Kings county, compiled on a scale of twenty chains
to an inch, suggests rather that the quartzites there rest unconforni-
ably upon the Dictyonema slates.*

*(Sum. Rep. for 1906, p. 141.)

On June 28, on his way to Sydney, the writer investigated the
unimportant beds of reddish, highly ferruginous slate or impure
hematite uncovered in a trench cut across siliceous Cambrian rocks
near the house of Mr. Archie Gillis in the rear of Beaver cove.
Explorations subsequently undertaken among these rocks at Eskasoni
seem to havq met with no better success. A few days later the
writer visited with Messrs. F. H. and K. Chambers a much more
important deposit of hematite which was being exploited by the
Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company northeast of the St. Mary's
road among the Silurian rocks of Meiklefield in Pictou county.
Like the hematites of East river Pictou, Blanchard, Torbrook and
other places this ore is full of fossils, in irregular beds sometimes of
large size, and contains forty to fifty per cent of iron, but is high
in silica. Here the Silurian rocks are apparently greatly folded,
but the structure has not yet been closely defined. Large quantities
of siliceous hematite occur among these rocks and will some day be
used in the manufacture of iron.

A few days spent in examining numerous pits and boreholes
between Glace bay and Schooner pond, with Mr. C. M. Odell, resident
engineer of the Dominion Coal Company, Mr. Joseph Daniels of
Lehigh University, Pa., in charge of the explorations, and Mr. Patrick
Neville, deputy inspector of mines, convinced tVo writer that no
mistake had been made in locating No. 6 as a colliery to supply the
demand for Phelan seam coal, that the seam worked at No. 6 could
be no other than the coal of the Clyde mines and of McDonald (Tice)
cove, called the Phelan, that the Emery seam is everywhere at its
proper distance beneath it, and that, therefore, No. 6 cannot be on
the Emery seam as had been suggested.

With the same gentlemen the wirter walked along the cliffs of the
opposite shores of Glace bay, in which rocks overlying these two
seams are well exposed and must appeal powerfully to the most
unobservant in favour of their identity and continuity, by the position
of the various coal seams, large and small at the same distance apart,
by the recurrence of similar associated strata and by the strike of
every bed of one section towards corresponding beds on the other
shore, a correspondence greatly strengthened by shaft-records and
mine workings at Caledonia and No. 2 mines and by boreholes on

the west side of Glace bay — all of which agree perfectly with the sec-
tions of the east side as recorded in Mr. G. Robb's report for 1874-75.
When, moreover, it is remembered that it is a matter of common
belief that the Phelan seam of Caledonia mines was first so-called
and mined at the Clyde mines and opened on the west side of Glace
bay by tracing it from the latter, that it was found in dredging Port
Caledonia, that coal which after a storm covers the west end of Glace
Bay beach, almost to the rise of the submarine levels of Caledonia
mines, is derived from its outcrop and that the underlying Emery
seam has been traced by boring nearly across the interval concealed
by the beach, it is not surprising that the writer should advise the
Dominion Coal Company to desist from further explorations in that
direction. His conclusions, which agreed with those communicated
to the Dominion Iron and Steel Company in January, after consid-
eration of all the official evidence on the subject, were again presented,
with some additions, in a statement made to the vice-president and
other representatives of the Dominion Coal Company. The accuracy
of the Geological Survey reports in regard to the Glace Bay basin
was re-affirmed at a meeting in Halifax on July 15; it had been
confirmed by the extensive mining and exploration operations carried
on since 1874.

It was urged by the Dominion Coal Company's counsel, however,
that the reports of the Geological Survey might not be accepted as
evidence in court, that it was indispensable that the fact of No. 6
being on the Phelan seam should be proved at first hand. Authority
was obtained from Ottawa for the writer to proceed again to Glace
bay and establish this point beyond a reasonable doubt and he
remained in the neighbourhood of Glace bay until the close of the
trial.

Besides tracing by means of boreholes and pits an underlying
coal, the Lorway seam, which runs parallel to and south of the out-
crops of the Phelan and Emery seams, to define the structure and
regularity of the coal basin, Mr. Daniels had in the meantime
measured independent sections of the shores on opposite sides of
Glace bay, in even greater detail than those of Mr. Robb, but fully
corroborating the latter, and had prepared a sheet to compare the
sections drawn from his own measurements with others derived from

the records of shafts and borings at the different mines and to
show graphically the different beds of coal, carbonaceous shale, sand-
stone, limestone, ironstone, etc. This sheet served at the trial to
prove the Dominion Coal Company's contention about the Phelan
seam. The writer's evidence on some of the points involved, given
on August 12, is to be found in the court records of the trial.

During the writer's residence at No. 6, an important hole was
bored from the strata above the Phelan seam at that mine, down
through the Phelan and Emery seams and for some distance below
the latter, a record of which was kept by him, and some of the cores
from which were examined for fossils by Dr. H. M. Ami.

The writer visited also a boring by one of the government drills
in charge of Mr. Terry Patten, drilled for the Broughton Company,
to a depth of 1,080 feet, on a small brook in the angle of the Back-
lands and shore roads not far from Belloni post office and Milton
station on the Sydney and Louisburg railway. A five-foot seam of
coal, believed to be the Tracy seam, was cut at 556 feet, the section of
the rocks above corresponding closely with that of the shore of Mira
bay given in the Geological Survey Keport for 1874-75, grey sand-
stone with thin bands of grey argillaceous shale and one or two of
dark-grey or blackish Cordaite shale underlying the large coal seam.

Some new openings on the Mullins seam near Lynk lake do not
seem to have added much to the information given on page 121 of
the Summary Keport for 1905. The argillo-arenaceoous roof shales
contain very beautiful calamites, lepidodendra, ferns and other
fossil plants.

At Newville* after boring labouriously with a calyx drill at a
depth of 2,484 feet, the hole was abandoned, being now 125 feet deeper
than that in which coal was discovered at Pettigrew, a mile farther
north from the edge of the basin, and a sample of the core, ten inches
long and four and a half inches in diameter, from a depth of 2,463
feet still showing conglomerate, in nearly horizontal bedding, com-
posed of large pebbles of felsitic, granitic and dioritic rocks with a
few of slate and quartzite probably Devonian. It was thought that
the calyx drill might be used to greater advantage in the other hole
to obtain information about the strata underlying the coal seam, and

•Sum. Rep. for 1906, p. 142.

8

the drill was accordingly moved to Pettigrew, where the old hole
was cleaned out to a depth of 2,357 feet, below which some difficulty
was experienced which it is hoped will soon be overcome. The
immense thickness of the conglomerate formation is remarkable.
The success with which a core-drill has been substituted for the
cable-drill whenever desirable in these boreholes is very gratifying
and reflects great credit on the driller, Mr. Maynard Mumford.

East of Trenton, in Pictou county, Mr. Isaac McNaughton is now
drilling a hole which has reached a depth of 564 feet. The principal
varieties of the cores were described and many of them selected for
transmittal to Ottawa for use in collections. The position of the
several holes drilled by Mr. McNaughton between Pictou Landing
and Trenton was also defined on a map and the records copied from
Mr. McNaughton's notes. These have not yet been compiled, but
they appear to prove all the strata southward from the borehole
nearest Pictou Landing to the New Glasgow conglomerate, one of
them being 857 feet deep.

In the Sydney coalfield in several cases mining areas held by
one company interfere with the active operations of another in such
a manner as to require readjustment by the government unless a
satisfactory arrangement can be made otherwise. Further extension
seaward of the workings of the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Com-
pany at the Princess pit, for example, cannot be proceeded with
unless that company can acquire certain areas now held by the
Dominion Coal Company. On the other hand the Nova Scotia Steel
and Coal Company owns a block of submarine areas fronting the
Dominion Coal Company's Lingan areas.

Explorations by means of trial-pits were again undertaken last
season along the steep north outcrop of the Cow Bay basin near Sand
lake and Birch ridge; but in view of the discordant statements
regarding the number, thickness, extent and relation of the coal
seams on the opposite sides of this basin, it has been suggested that
holes should be carefully drilled on the low-dipping south side both
at the west end some miles inland and also on the shore near a
hole put down in 1905 by government drill No. 6 to test the
measures underlying the McAulay seam, as described in the report
of the Nova Scotian Department of Mines for that year.

Explorations carried on last summer by Mr. D. H. McLeod and
others of the Inverness Coal and Kailway Company, along McNeil
brook at St. Eose, a few miles south of Chimney Corner coal mines,
and near a borehole drilled by Mr. Sands to a depth of more than
600 feet, seem to have developed several bands of black shale and
eight seams of coal, one of which, of good quality and eight feet
thick, appears to overlie the four feet seam previously described HS
worked by Mr. William McRae and others, and to differ, according
to Mr. D. Northall-Laurie, from the large seam of the borehole, the
roof of which consists of fifteen feet of black shale, whereas the new
seam has grey roof-shales. These explorations indicate an important
thickness of coal measures, the breadth of which, however, between
the base and a fault proved by the gypsum extending along the shore,
does not seem to exceed 2,000 feet.

During a stay of about two weeks in Pictou county, visits were
made to some of the collieries at which points of interest have
developed in the course of the workings and explorations. In regard
to the operations at the new Allan shafts on two of the large seams
of the Albion mines, the Foord and Cage-pit seams, Mr. Harry Coll,
the manager, explained to the writer the curious effects of pressure
and folding in the basin which have polished the shales and given
rise to conditions of crumpling and irregularities of thickness iu
the coal seams which require great care and skill to overcome. Mr.
Coll is making an interesting plaster model of these workings.

The writer also accompanied Mr. Thomas Blackwood, Deputy
Inspector of Mines, and Messrs. Malcolm Blue and J. G. MacKenzie,
of the Intercolnial -colliery, across a line of borings put down, from
the mouth of the Drummond slope northward about 2,000 feet to
the road, in the dark shales that overlie the main seam at these
mines, and proving that no workable coal overlies the main seam in
this distance.

He also visited with them other explorations made to define the
position of the McCulloch Brook fault near the railway, the slope
now down 7,200 feet (6,912 feet horizontal projection), being very
near the point at which this fault is indicated on Poole's map of the
Pictou coalfield. (G. S. C. Eeport, Part M., Vol. XVI.) The
extension eastward of the. lowest mine-level is perhaps, however, the

10

surest and cheapest method of proving the structure of this portion
of the coalfield.

The operations of many years and the high price of labour have
greatly raised the cost of producing coal at the old mines. Owing
to the quantity of water that had to be pumped at the Joggins mines
in Cumberland county, for example, for a comparatively small out-
put of coal, the directors decided to abandon the old slope and to
open another, at the crossing of the shore road and the tramway to
the loading ground, which is now down about 600 feet.

The reported discoveries of large seams of coal in Antigonish
county refer to renewed explorations among the Lower Carboniferous
(Devonian) bituminous shales of the Hallowell Grant, Big Marsh,
Maryvale and Cape George district, described in Geological Survey
Keports, Vol. II., Part P, pp. 73, 74 and 113, and Vol. V., Part P,
pp. 173, 174, which are not known to have developed any new coals
of workable size and quality.

In these reports the bituminous shales are described as precisely
similar to those of Horton Bluff in Kings county and are stated to
be so rich in bituminous matter that hopes are entertained of utiliz-
ing them as a source of coal oil, as in the case of the Albert and
Baltimore shales of the same age in New Brunswick. They break
with smooth, polished faces so as to resemble coal, for which they
have often been mistaken even where not a trace of good coal has
been obtained ; but in many places they pass into and include layers
of coal of fair quality. The discovery of coal and fossil plants on
the North river of Antigonish was noticed by Gesner* in 1836.
Explorations made from 1859 onward are described by Dr. D.
Honeyman, Sir J. W. Dawson, Dr. Henry How, Dr. Edwin Gilpin,.
Mr. John Eutherford and other sf

Mr. John Campbell's explorations showed ' that these oil coals
and shales underlie the Carboniferous limestone at Big Marsh; he
divides them into two groups, the lower seventy or eighty feet in
thickness, including twenty feet of good oil shale, five feet of which

* Geology of Nova Scotia, p. 142.

t How's Mineralogy, pp. 28 and 34. Dawson's Acadian Geology, p. 349 ;
Tians. NS Inst. Sc., Vol. VI, p. 70 ; Gilpin's Mines of Nova Scotia, p. 14.

11

is curly cannel, rich in oil; the upper 150 feet thick, in immediate
contact with the limestone, containing a large percentage of oil.
The pits dug in search of coal in and about Big Marsh are shown
on the map. The black shales are associated with light-grey mica-
ceous shale and sandstone, full of impressions of broken plants. In
the report of the Commissioner of Mines for 1868, page 21, a return
is made of $682.50 expenditure for preparatory work in driving a
tunnel into the face of a hill for the purpose of cutting the seam of
coal. An additional expenditure is returned of $590 next year, but
the presence of faults near the crop of the seam is said to have im-
peded progress. In 1870 considerable difficulty is said again to have
been experienced in consequence of the disturbed state of the strata,
a series of faults having thrown the seam out of its regular position,
and necessitated much extra work in drifting.* At two of the pits,
on the Beaver road, a black, very bituminous shale passes into grey,
rusty, crumbling shale, glistening with mica and containing obscure
plants. Coal has also been sought in the black, bituminous, carbona-
ceous shale near Ogden pond.'

In the course of a search for coal at Hallowell Grant in 1888, Mr.
Alex. McBean, the well-known explorer of the Pictou coalfield, found
' a thickness of 150 feet of black shale, containing twenty feet of
curly cannel, mentioned by Campbell, and a little coal is underlaid
by a great thickness of greenish shale, underlaid in turn by coarse
sandstone and soft conglomerate. Mr. McBean supposes that there
are several bands of this shale arranged in the form of a basin which
underlies the limestone of Big Marsh post office, and is perhaps
broken on the north side by a fault. The west end of this basin
seems to be at the fork of the old Gulf road, and the east end at the
fork of a large brook two miles east of the post office. It does not
seem to pass more than half a mile northwest of Big Marsh road or
half a mile southeast of McGillivray road, until it is underlaid by
the coarse sandstone and conglomerate. Duiilop's pits are northeast
of the post office. A long tunnel is in the brook, half a mile east of
the post office; it was driven 150 feet in black shale, cutting at the
end a seam from which coal is said to have been taken. At a very
small brook west of the long tunnel, the limestone overlies grey and

* Rutherford's report.

12

reddish conglomerate. Up the west branch of this brook is the best
coal seam in the district, said to be five feet thick and to dip to the
westward, but to be broken off both east and west of the brook. A
considerable quantity of coal was extracted from it. The dark shales
are nearly all curly and polished ; the masses of coal are lenticular
or crushed. In most cases it is a hard bituminous variety, somewhat
shaly, streaked with pyrite; but in places it resembles cannel.'

The workings of 1907-08 are on the little brook less than a quartet
of a mile northeast of the post office at Big Marsh. A sampl-
collected from these workings by Mr. Thomas Blackwood and
analysed for the Nova Scotian Department of Mines yielded :

Moisture 2-25

Volatile combustible matter 23-28

Fixed carbon 47-54

Ash. . 26-93

100-00

Sulphur 3-15

Other samples, selected on January 9, 1908, by Mr. Blackwood
and the writer, to represent the whole thickness of an exposure of
this coal as well as the more favourable portions, were given to Mr.
F. G. Wait and yielded on analysis by fast coking : —

1 2

Water 1-12 -66

Volatile combustible matter. . . 21-58 28-39

Fixed carbon 30-84 41-55

Ash.. 46-46 29-40

100-00 100-00

Coke, strong, compact 77-30 70-95

Eatio of volatile combustible

matter to fixed carbon 1 : 1-43 1 : 1-46

No. 1 was slightly pyritiferous, but no determination of sulphur
vras made. Sample arrived in very moist condition. It was air-
dried at laboratory temperature a few days before sampling.

13

The great interest taken in the search for coal beneath the
Permian having induced the Nova Scotian Institute of Science to
republish Sir William E. Logan's great section of the Joggins and
others of Chignecto bay, and these sections being now in print, Mr.
Harry Piers sent them for final revision in November with a request
that the writer should finish a map and longitudinal section to
accompany them. To accomplish this, the coast between Seaman
brook at Minudie and Flat brook at Little Shulie was re-examined
in order to add to the map other points of importance according to
a scheme laid down by the committee of publication. With the
assistance of Mr. M. H. McLeod, who in former years had also made
many surveys along this coast, a map and sections were then compiled
on a scale of forty chains to an inch and sent Professor J. E. Wood-
man to be redrawn for publication in Halifax.

On July 9, in company with Mr. A. Dick, of the Dominion Coal
Company, a visit was paid to the district between Forks lake and the
Coxheath copper mines where discoveries of small quantities of
chalcopyrite have recently been made near Hector McKae's and
Kenneth McKenzie's. These all occur among felsitic rocks, the
richly mineralized portions apparently in a laminated or shattered
belt on both sides of a more massive crystalline axis of the Cox-
heath hills; but it is doubtful if any one of these outcrops is worthy
of attention.

On August 29, in accordance with instructions received from
the Director and in company with Mr. M. S. Beaton, general
manager of the Inverness coal mines, D. Northall-Laurie and W. F.
Davis, C.E., an examination was made of a deposit of copper ore at
Whycocomagh, lying not far west of a tunnel driven in search of
gold some years ago and in proximity to a rock containing a large
percentage of magnetite, not far from Salt mountain. The ore,
chiefly chalcopyrite, has been opened by a trench and small pits in
a light-coloured granite among dark dioritic rocks, cut by small
veins of quartz and calcite, to which, however, the ore does not seem
to be confined, and containing besides a large quantity of magnetite
and pyrite in grains and small aggregations. The development
hitherto made does not seem to promise a persistent deposit.

Rich specimens of chalcopyrite were found also in a vein or belt

14

near Cheticamp, and an irregular deposit near a contact of sand-
stone with igneous rock at Scottsville near the outlet of Lake Ainslie,
similar in mode of occurrence to the ores of Cheticamp, Lochaber
and other places, has been reported by Mr. W. F. Jennison of
Sydney.

Developments continued in the gold of the Pre-Cambrian of
Middle river* have led to closer examinations of similar rocks on
the upper waters of Ingonish river and elsewhere in Cape Breton,
information about which is given in the Geological Survey Report
and Maps for 1882-84.

The writer's opportunity for work in Kings and Annapolis
counties, in which he had hoped to spend the greater part of the past
season in fixing the age and limits of the various formations under-
lying the Horton, was thus very short. In connexion with this work
he re-examined the brooks south of Marshy Hope in Antigonish
county, in which slates, described as possibly Cambro-Silurian, show,
like those near Whiterock, a cleavage oblique to the bedding; and
he spent a few days in October with Messrs. McLeod and Tufts at
their work near Lawrencetown and Kingston.

These gentlemen, as already stated, spent the latter part of June
in a search for fossils among the red slates of Highbury, but they
found only trails of annelids, like those obtained by Mr. N. D. Daru
in 1905, of no determinative value. Mr. Tufts also surveyed several
small tributaries of the upper Gaspereau river and made further
studies of the rocks north of that river necessary to determine their
structure and relative position. After moving to the old Dalhousie
road at the crossing of the Lahave river on July 2, Messrs. McLeod
and Tufts devoted themselves to the more extensive surveys necessary
to complete Sheets 97, 104 and 105. The Lahave river and its
tributaries they surveyed northward to the height of land near the
waters of the Annapolis river and eastward to and including the
Sixty river or stream. The country north of the Dalhousie road was
surveyed as far west as Kelly brook and Trout-lake stream at the
head of the Nictaux river, about three miles west of the Halifax and
Southwestern railway; and the main Nictaux river was surveyed to
the bluff north of Alpena. The whole of this district, which includes

* Sum. Rep. for 1906, p. p. 144.

15

fifty or sixty lakes of different size, is underlaid by granite and in
part almost inaccessible.

After leaving this wilderness on September 28, Mr. McLeod
undertook a survey of the brooks and roads of the settled country
south of the Annapolis river between Middletown and Lawreucetown ;
while Mr. Tufts occupied himself in October with the rocks in the
neighbourhood of Fales river and Torbrook, from which he was
successful in obtaining Silurian fossils among the red and grey slates
of Fales river hitherto believed to be barren. On November 14 he
resumed the collection of zoological specimens for Professor Macoun,
which he continued until December 7th.

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