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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent
SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS
CHARLES COUNTY
MARYLAND
DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND
REPORT OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST
AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN COOPERATION
WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF
FISHERIES AND MARYLAND
SHELL FISH COMMISSION
By C. C. YATES
CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY
ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1911
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
U.S, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
O. H. TITTMANN, Superintendent
SeRVEY OF OYSTER BARS
CHARLES COUNTY
MARYLAND
DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES AND LANDMARKS AND
REPORT OF WORK OF UNITED STATES COAST
AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN COOPERATION
WITH UNITED STATES BUREAU OF
FISHERIES AND MARYLAND
SHELL FISH COMMISSION
By C. C. YATES
CHIEF OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY PARTY
ASSISTANT, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1911
PRET AT Aare
APR 11 1911
DB GF Ps
fy | WY), /,
LETTER OF SUBMITTAL.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR,
Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY,
Washington, January 27, r9rt.
Sir:.I have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the officer detailed from
the Coast and Geodetic Survey to cooperate with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Mary-
land Shell Fish Commission in surveying the oyster bars of the State of Maryland,
together with certain technical results which are necessary for the interpretation and
use of the plats of the survey made by the Government.
This work has been done under the provisions of the act of Congress entitled “An
act to authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau
of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shell fish com-
missioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural oyster beds, bars,
and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland,” approved May 26, 1906, and of
the acts of Congress making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government
for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1907, 1908, 1909, and 1910.
Respectfully,
O. H. Trrrmann, Superintendent.
To Hon. CHARLES NAGEL,
Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
iss)
CE Rae C7 Awl ION’;
BaLTIMORE, MD., January 25, rgrt.
The following publication is certified to contain correct technical descriptions of
all boundaries and landmarks established in Charles County by the Maryland Shell
Fish Commission in cooperation with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.
CIC] WATES;
Chief of Coast and Geodetic Survey Party,
Assistant, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
BALTIMORE, Mb., January 25, rgrt.
Examined and certified to be correct.
WALTER J. MITCHELL,
CASWELL GRAVE.
BENJAMIN K. GREEN,
Maryland Shell Fish Commission.
SWEPSON EARLE,
, Hydrographic Engineer.
Note.—Certified copies of this publication and of the charts of the natural oyster
bars of Charles County were filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of Charles
County and in the office of the Board of Shell Fish Commissioners on January 27, 1911.
5
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CONTENTS.
IDROCRENS ND, op gos soequm connec cobo mT EbOREs SoosORgaD Oo GODOT OORMEED Son Osta ononogte follows
WEINER ORGS UBMILTAL, 2157s octet isiere ashe Neer et nee ee isiaic Bet oevala id ors ee RR Rete: al Sa el css
(CHLTMIONMTON irolsooonaosshosecoRs Too boo Hs ndeDoNrSooUSG SH hesooonpahBepesoo so onaomeDeeDAAGoos
INTRODUCTION:
PESTO UT CALLONIS paps CTL N SSR ee Ce RCT OE TSI T stars ey sheer guy cueerel eye cieser ep etevesute image’ e aise ceca
Cooperationlofebe) Coastandl Geodettenittey Cy ycteeercteete festa lsieteeeie yey ieee) inte eles iret
CooperationvofithesBureartlofeHishernesnen as sjtssriieteele ielcieinie ie sein nie dee oeierelseisie tise sislejee en
General statement of work of Coast and Geodetic Survey. ..............00.- cece eee e eee eee
REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY:
Instructions.
Organization
ARLE CHUL TELE Caged pete Pies sents ees Nore era gece cts yen we eu a pate ensayo spniesnjen eter arere =
Chronologtealistate mento fw On meatrtselinteeictetsarparets late tate yatta eben ake seteeeys hee rreve aiht=\ oie) ite sie
Statistics. ...
(Generalprenitarks emer saieeeens eter areata cy sl crev eterna res beper atch cieiseeve oieteo oy eye. c inscu he ahavaberateieveney ousioug epavetefers aie
CHARTS AND MAPS: :
Chartcrolenatiralvoy ster bars yeereraeicaacereece lars ictrcisicnls © «fel ciereceretstal javarn aie hioinategerorens
easing CHALtS yen eect ae ese arate ate ee ap aTavee ed, lara vie alg mers siaialel eases Sis Gel dhaca) sie wsoralaraiat le eletereta a ole
Projections. .
Progress map
BOUNDARIES OF
BE dn co code foes Ao a ROSIN aos tae coe dodo ons Ot COU be er oo ton obo nA eeOoO ao o
THE COUNTY WATERS:
Watersimathiniterritoriale limits! Of COUN CY). .os ele eie)einiein o 6 =) sie cYsieeeimelaiarsls snlesaets siwtaie: tle afols
WALLS! COMPIP OTIS COl COMME tetteter es <erate ofa) 5/3 = <ieteraia|afeletere tase) luke beset feiepatavstcraiaversiowelera state isi ai sarstavsls
LANDMARKS (U.
Explanation.
Method of de
Descriptions
Chart No
Stod
S. Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION STATIONS):
SCLIDIU PUUTIAN SILL ATOMNSLACLOUS viscteehtalciietstak fre eetete er aiel terete ae ieiciee aeicvere es eeeeteret ale
of triangulation stations in county and adjacent waters—
. 26 (Wicomico River)—
dard
(C0) eT eo AO RG BORE DLAC Cen Onc SE OE CCC CTO DOI CIOPR SORA nec E Sr Can anes ee ae
Page.
62
3
Contents.
LANDMARKS (U. §. Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION STATIONS )—Continued.
Descriptions of triangulation stations in county and adjacent waters—Continued.
Chart No. 26 (Wicomico River)—Continued.
(Ooo 1(s eR RPEEP I oo acne Saenger ss age te Pemex palayi eerie APPT see
See EN gel RAGS 5 fic Maaco HAG Imo DINtOnc Gunso nascrnd Moan earings cee
Cobb; Point Bar Dightsr sis .c 0s s52 tance mettle © Seine eels aaa etalon eects i)
River Springs) CatholielChapel Cross: ioe, aan emiceis nt + etelelaietal eivislansinetet eee een
M2 <-\0 (oo ee ete enna mean neers AOE Saco I TOO oan Sr enon
Subchart on Chart No. 26 (Patuxent River) ¢@—
PHA TCO ois. icc tens oie so ene conan syene ava ne ap aeses aaa selon eaa ete “acesele ta te veitay hele ota Peer are
1 So) ee ee era ene ey es Oa ee aan coda Samo thasoonc +
HOU GERS 3;o5.dsxcere teas girs nk whe Ape eco ence bare ete orem aes pe ee telete ste nt orene olen oe ee a
BOUNDARIES OF OYSTER BARS:
GSpot a LOT cae cede he ex Mis ceee eycaeianecs eaais colon ease fas ge & ave ann eh Ceeyarey ape, aha MRS erates ee cine ee eS
Methodiofidescribin gibotnd aries. oer ctarer i. ercieilelelaieteei afer etnies interest terete stern acter alee
Sunveyingemethodsitor relocationvoh Hour arieser \-/-peet-tcrsteeiel-telayesislcrerelelste einietelelel=ietetsleietei ets eiele
Boundarniesotnaturalioyster barsmnycorntyal seer teet eile aietereietel este tale eters eee odes eae eat
Chart No. 26 (Wicomico River)—
EO Car lees teins tc cilicyatcee eusic ettas) ateysnely oh CIEE Ste REPAIR een PSPS Pee
Wicomico LAM ps :ia5 -ieisefiasscsctet ast tote stave = meee ielets lates avateheje tn os i fer-eante peiate espa cle ke potent
IMTS WieSti cs iaje-8 is vite sine tints tabelline fp nts webs aie «evo patesa.cy\archayeT ate ere OM OE RT ee Peete ato eevee
N] QOS BDA TUMIT PSs coc, «ieee teuss ane seetalcvepeisvcuele aubunsoaeseeoleteneieh exe evealese MaaUAVe) s1a 2 iayecey shave Beets esse hapcheee ne RPS
Wetted waa gE a ss sen yencinel ep suave levstenats toe tede eats pe doce teve ro reveletane) cease) atalteys\e clas apices ers totetsla peepee a
BEST WW Keo? eo cue cSt ye rege ee seus es ye asemyetove vaets te peaes abe cave (2 o0e sie Vesta) 0/0 /ete ye) ehotmnstecepalel sins eee ee eteer
WacomicosMid dlegrovimde es ccyyrveicracye cotteysre as peso onsjer: <u ayslewsehaceae close tates eee eee rere
@harlestont@reekt ia ays avsccde tie satere recived overs hs tejetate a\sinte iets eve\erere}eve pele enraha ae ee ae ee ete
Weany CaSt e rset accisns:s) sais aves iolacoae ove, ste WIN Cine geave nA olege (os s.d) ova. :al ates aie ecefotel sleet ais SCPE ER EL
ISXofelle JRO) bok Papen OPER Aen RED aan re Or 8 cater EER eee cma Say o a 2 SxS
S\ibioyaiotti) Rolbal eoeen op agmaad ea stradece dota Ae Sap REMERON Geb UR soa e oso key esohod
(Glo) 5) 0) J Etch bah openers any einris reins cia oe ce a Guan acted ar MOC rEEMAT EE OCCA o.55 nahn
APPENDIXES:
Appendix A.—Laws relating to the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and
Bureau of Fisheries with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission..........................
Appendix B.—‘‘The Haman Oyster Culture Law’’ (extract from Second Report of Shell
BiishsComismissiory) eerer severe eee yevsue ene Peae onset oa siees ck fete nie alee eee ei eee REO Poe ee
Appendix C.—Summary of the particular surveying operations which constitute an “‘oyster
SlikveyAu as mowibem ccarre dion ameVatiy lan sen eyern re iseirecisierelslaieteyste salad satelite ean ene
Appendix D.—Statistics of results of the combined operations of the Government and State. .
@ See also subchart on Chart No. x9.
b See separate publications for boundaries of natural bars in adjacent counties.
SURVEY OF OYSTER BARS, CHARLES COUNTY, MD.
INTRODUCTION.
PUBLICATIONS.
The preparation of publications relating to the survey of the oyster bars of Mary-
land has been divided between the Government and the State in accordance with the
laws * authorizing the work and the natural division of the surveying operations ? of
the cooperating forces.
The publications prepared and issued by the Government under the direction of
the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey consist of a series of charts and
a technical report for each county surveyed.* The charts show all legal boundaries of’
oyster bars within the adopted boundaries of the waters opened up for leasing with each
county, and the location of all landmarks (Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation
stations) used as a foundation for the delineation of these various boundaries. The
technical report gives technical and legal descriptions of all oyster bar and other bound-
aries, and descriptions of all landmarks shown on the charts, and includes the report
of the ‘representative of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in charge of the work of that
service in cooperation with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Com-
mission. ‘These charts and technical reports are prepared and certified for file with the
courts and the Commission, as required by the laws of the State, and contain all infor-
mation necessary to make a permanent record of the work of the Commission and the
Government for all future requirements of the courts, or for any resurveys that may
become necessary.@
The publications prepared and issued by the State under the direction of the Shell
Fish Commission consist of annual reports® of all the operations of the Commission
« See Appendix A for laws relating to the cooperation of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and Bureau
of Fisheries with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission.
b See Appendix C for a summary of the particular surveying operations which constitute an “‘oyster
survey ’’ as now being carried on in Maryland.
¢ These charts and technical reports can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the
Coast and Geodetic Survey at Washington, D. C. The publications now ready for issue are those for
Anne- Arundel, Somerset, Wicomico, Worcester, Calvert, and Charles counties.
@ The technical records and charts for each county are published separately on account of the
requirements of the oyster-culture laws of the State and the practical considerations which make it
desirable to have each county “‘opened up’’ for oyster culture as soon as practicable after the comple-
tion of its survey. For these reasons and the fact that these reports are each arranged for distribution
and use in one county only without reference to other published records, much of the text of this publi-
cation is of necessity identical with similar previous publications for other counties.
€ These reports can be obtained by application to the Shell Fish Commission, Marine Bank Building,
Baltimore, Md. They are issued annually in October, and the first and second reports are now available
for distribution.
9
10 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
performed under the provisions of the laws of Maryland,® including results of biological
and economic oyster investigations, methods and results of the hydrographic survey of
the boundaries of oyster bars and crab bottoms, the administrative report and financial
statement of the Commission, information relating to oyster culture, methods of sur-
veying and leasing of oyster lots, and much other important matter of legal and scientific
value.
These two sets of publications are planned and arranged to supplement each other
without unnecessary duplication, and when combined they form a complete report of
operations, methods, and results of the work of both the Government and State.”
COOPERATION OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.
The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, as the name of the service indicates,
includes a survey of the coasts of the United States made on a geodetic basis. ‘This
has involved the gradual construction of a great framework of interstate triangulation
for use as a foundation for detail hydrographic and topographic surveys, from which
there has been compiled and published a complete set of charts of the coasts of the
United States, including all waters of Maryland where oysters grow. ‘This existing
triangulation, hydrography, and topography is essential as a foundation for a correct
and practical survey of natural oyster bars; and it being one of the fundamental fune-
tions of the Coast and Geodetic Survey to furnish such data, the cooperation of the
Coast and Geodetic Survey with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish
Commission is a practical and natural development of Government work leading to the
conservation and increase of the supply of food.
COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES.
The Bureau of Fisheries has cooperated with the Coast and Geodetic Survey and
the Maryland Shell Fish Commission principally as an adviser in matters relating to the
biological and economic survey of oyster bars and the methods to be employed for that
purpose.© A steam launch, rowing boat, and certain apparatus have also been furnished.
The primary function of the Bureau of Fisheries is to increase the productiveness
of marine and fresh waters by such measures as may be best suited to the purpose, and
the services rendered in connection with the survey of the oyster bars of Maryland are
strictly in line with the fundamental law under which it acts. In certain States other
than Maryland similar work has been conducted by the Bureau acting independently,
the same ends being attained at greater expense to the Government.
GENERAL STATEMENT OF WORK OF COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY.”
The results obtained from the work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in coopera-
tion with the Bureau of Fisheries and the Maryland Shell Fish Commission need very
«4 See Appendix B for an extract from the ‘Second Report of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission,”’
giving a concise summary of the ‘‘ Haman Oyster Culture Law.”’
5 See Appendix D of this publication for “Statistics of results of combined operations of the
Government and State.”
¢ Hon. George M. Bowers, Commissioner of Fisheries, has detailed for this service Dr. H. F. Moore,
Assistant, Bureau of Fisheries.
@ For a detail statement of the very large amount of excellent oyster survey work of the Maryland
Shell Fish Commission see the “Annual Reports of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission.”
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. II
little other summary than is indicated by the published “Charts of Natural Oyster
Bars” and the index of hydrographic projections and triangulation stations shown on
the county progress maps attached to each report.
The triangulation has been carried on in accordance with the standard methods
of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, making this work and that of the “ Descriptions of
Triangulation Stations” of permanent value, not only to the State of Maryland in the
survey of her oyster bars, but also to the Government for any future work it may do in
the regions covered by the oyster-survey operations.
The hydrographic projections and published charts are prepared with all the accu-
racy permitted by their large scale, especially as to the boundaries of the various shell-fish
bottoms in relation to landmarks, but this accuracy of location on the charts is further
added to and permanently fixed by published technical descriptions which should
minimize the probability of any future dispute as to either landmarks or boundaries.
Stated another way, and quoting from the report of the “Survey of Oyster Bars
of Anne Arundel County”’:
The geographic positions of the permanent landmarks and signals have been determined with the
usual precision of a trigonometric survey, and their locations at all points necessary to provide ample
foundation for the surveying and charting operations permitted great accuracy of definition and loca-
tion for the natural oyster bar and other boundaries established. At the same time, the very important
element of permanency of the positions of boundaries has been secured, as the relocation of geodetic
positions can always be accomplished by a competent surveyor, even though the original landmarks
and monuments have been washed away, as has been the fate of hundreds of such points established
by the Coast and Geodetic Survey on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay during the last 65 years.
REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY IN
CHARLES COUNTY.
INSTRUCTIONS.
The following letters, together with the laws® of the United States relating
to the subject, constitute the “‘instructions’’ received by the chief of the Coast and
Geodetic Survey party engaged on work in connection with the Maryland Shell Fish
Commission. They are short and definite, but furnish ample authority and leeway for
all legitimate development of the cooperation of the Government and the State in the
survey of ovster bars. The ‘free hand’’ permitted by these orders, together with the
aid and many valuable suggestions received from the officers of the survey at Wash-
ington, have proved very beneficial to the work and are greatly appreciated.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
Washington, June 2, 1900.
Sir: In reply to your letter of May 28, requesting me to designate officers of the Coast and Geo-
detic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries to cooperate with the State of Maryland ie making survey
of and locating the natural oyster beds, I have the honor to inform you that Mr. C. C. Yates will be
designated to cooperate on the part of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as soon as oie makes the
provisions of the act effective by providing an appropriation for the purpose.
Respectfully, ;
LAWRENCE O. Murray, Assistant Secretary.
His Excellency Hon. Epwin WarFIELD,
Governor of Maryland, Annapolis, Md.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR,
Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY,
' Washington, July 3, 1906.
Srr: Upon the receipt of these instructions you will Sele ialeles the command, accounts, ete., of
the steamer Endeavor to the Hydrographic Inspector. * * *
As soon as this transfer is completed you will enter upon the duties of Coast Survey representative
on the Shell Fish Commission of Maryland.
You will consult the Commissioners, Bee? a programme of work, and submit estimates in the
usual form.
You are authorized to come to Washington for consultation from time to time as may be necessary.
* * * * * * *
Very respectfully,
O. H. Titrrmann, Superintendent.
Capt. C. C. YATES,
U.S.C. and G. S. Steamer Endeavor, Baltimore, Md.
@ For these laws see Appendix A.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 13
ORGANIZATION AND EQUIPMENT.
The personnel and occupation of the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey have
remained practically unchanged since the beginning of the “oyster survey.’’ Besides
the chief of party, it consists of the necessary triangulators, computers, draftsmen,
and temporary employees required to carry on both the surveying operations in the
field and the preparation for publication of oyster charts and technical records in the
office at Washington.
The equipment for the work of the party has been ample and satisfactory. The
large living and office quarters furnished the Government on the Maryland Shell Fish
Commission house boat Oyster have been very convenient for the work, besides facili-
tating efficient cooperation with the surveying and oyster investigation parties of the
State. In addition to the accommodations on the Oyster, the Coast and Geodetic
Survey party has had the constant use of the large steam launch /nspector and several
other boats furnished by its own service, and the occasional use of the Bureau of Fish-
eries launch Canvasback % and the steamer Governor McLane ” of the State fishery force.
The greater part of the equipment of instruments for the operations of both the
Government and State has been furnished by the Coast and Geodetic Survey and
consists of all necessary theodolites, levels, sextants, drafting instruments, hydrometers,
etc., required for all field and office work.
\
CRONOLOGICAL STATEMENT OF WORK.
The field work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey in Charles County * dates from
August 18, 1908, when the house boat Oyster was moved from St. Leonards Creek to an
anchorage in Battle Creek which is located about 5 miles to the south of that small
portion of Charles County bordering on the Patuxent River. The headquarters of the
surveying operations remained at this harbor until the completion of that part of the
field work which naturally included all of the Patuxent River waters of Calvert and
St. Marys counties as well as those of Charles County, although the results are published
separately.
On September 3, 1908, the house boat finally left the Patuxent River for a new
anchorage in one of the tributaries of Potomac River in St. Marys County, and the
field work in Charles County was dropped from that date for a period of nearly two
months.
On October 28, 1908, the house boat Oyster was towed by the Governor McLane
to an anchorage in the lower part of Wicomico River off Rock Point in Charles County.
From this anchorage as a headquarters the surveying operations for the Wicomico waters
of both Charles and St. Marys counties were carried on until practically completed
on November 25,.1909, when the house boat was towed to Bretons Bay off Leonardtown
in St. Marys County.
On December 2, 1909, it was found necessary to obtain additional triangulation
information for the publication of the technical report for Calvert County, which inci-
@ By courtesy of Dr. H. F. Moore, United States Bureau of Fisheries.
6 By courtesy of Capt. James A. Turner, commanding.
¢ The field work of Charles, Calvert, and St. Marys counties was so intermixed in the Patuxent
River that the chronological statement of work for any one of these counties necessarily includes a
considerable part of the work of the other counties.
14 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
dentally involved new work required for the report for Charles County, and field work was
carried on for that purpose from that date to December 8, 1909.
Again from July 20 to August 11, 1910, while the house boat Oyster was anchored
in the mouth of the Patuxent River for the purpose of carrying on the oyster survey
operations in the bay shore waters of Dorchester County, a number of days when work
could not be done in the open bay were employed in checking up deficiencies in the
description of stations required for the forthcoming publications of both Charles and
St. Marys counties.
The large amount of office work connected with the “‘oyster survey’’ of Charles
County, including computations and drafting necessary for the preparation for publica-
tion of the oyster charts and the technical records, was continued intermittingly with
the office work of other counties from the beginning of the field work in Charles County
to the time of filing of the certified oyster charts and technical reports in the archives of
the Commission and with the clerk of the circuit court of Charles County on January
27, LQIT.
STATISTICS.
Landmarks and triangulation signals erected........ Sai haxechate to heasltiah aps cisiera ei aac Oe eae eat ee 37
Monuments planted to mark triangulation stations..................cec cece eee e rec ceeeeres pk ay,
Triangulation stations occupied for observations of horizontal angles. .............0 0... ccc eeu ts
Olditriangilationtstations re COMerec mere ar ieetite-tistt ate tetra teteee feet eit betel erate etal rate ere ere 3
Newattiane(tlationrstations Stab 1iS ile cl aperetetet idee totale te te tetatst tet tettta eye tst tetas ere ee 39
Total old and new triangulation stations marked and described................... 0000.00 ec eee eee 42
Linear miles of shore line covered by triangulation (approximate).........................020005. 32
Sqtaremilesicoverediby triangulation (approximate) cay rial-)tetelstene ete - iets) stetele) viele eteeetelaelelslvisls)elelelsisie 20
Hydrographic projections prepared and completed as records of oyster boundaries................. 3
MTLAaN glESiCOM PUTER 401-55 sGa vein cvvee aed, 3 ra hele olor Se ree Ne re Laterete atrepeRG Toe ea ie Ce chee percha iota. Ree ee doe Bo
Geographiespasitionsycomprite di ic. /-ysvasy-isysveysnet-sourtet atovelere eee Dole Ped eae ated Gcmeeterarelt Picyaleiseisies sto shPare 40
Corners of oyster boundaries established by computation. ................ 0.0.00... 0000000. Sateen js)
Back azimuths and distances computed from corners of boundaries to triangulation stations........ 234
Descriptions of triangulation stations prepared for publication.............................. ney a2
Descriptions of oyster boundaries prepared for publication. ....................... aca anes 15
= Chartsjot Natural: Oyster Bars; prepared forspiblicatione-senac- isle eleieieicis saiais eietalcie nara I
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GENERAL REMARKS.
Before ending this report the representative of the Coast and Geodetic Survey
wishes to renew his statement of appreciation of the courteous assistance received from
various Government and State officials and others interested in the oyster industry of
Maryland, especially to the following:
To his colleague from the Department of Commerce and J.abor, Dr. H. F. Moore,
of the Bureau of Fisheries, whose well-known scientific knowledge of all matters relating
to oysters has been of great value to the work.
a These statistics only include field and office work directly performed by the party of the Coast
and Geodetic Survey in connection with the oyster survey of Charles County, and do not include the
many thousands of soundings and examinations of the character of the bottom made by the engineers
of the Commission, which are of considerable value to the Coast and Geodetic Survey as hydrographic
records for future use in connection with the preparation of new editions of charts of the waters of Mary-
land. See Appendix D of this publication for ‘‘ Statistics of results of combined operations of the Govern-
ment and the State.’’
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 15
To Mr. Walter J. Mitchell, chairman of the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, who,
by his administrative ability in carrying out the complicated requirements of the oyster
laws and by his unfailing tact, has made the cooperation of the various services engaged
on the work both agreeable and effective.
To Dr. Caswell Grave, secretary of the Commission, who, as editor of the Com-
mission’s annual report and Commissioner in charge of the biological and economic
oyster investigations, has been brought into constant contact with the Government
work and aided its operations in every way. ;
To Mr. Benjamin K. Green, treasurer of the Commission, who has looked after the
equipment and commissary of the house boat in such a way as to add greatly to the
comfort and convenience of the party of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
To Mr. Swepson Earle, hydrographic engineer to the Commission, whose knowledge
of the work from former service in the Coast and Geodetic Survey has greatly facilitated
his practical use of the technical data furnished by the Government.
To Mr. Thomas H. Robinson, counsel to the Commission, for courteously furnishing
valuable information relating to county boundaries.
And to the many others connected with the Commission or who as residents in the
locality where the work was being carried on have greatly assisted by furnishing impor-
tant information or willing services.
CHARTS AND MAPS.
CHARTS OF NATURAL OYSTER BARS.
The charts of the natural oyster bars of Charles County, published by the Coast
and Geodetic Survey from results of surveys of the Government in cooperation with
the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, are grouped on one sheet covering a portion of
the waters of the upper Patuxent River and all of the waters of the Wicomico River,
including all oyster-producing bottoms in Charles County. They are published on a
scale of 1 part in 20,000 (approximately 31% inches to a statute mile) and are constructed
on polyconie projections and based on the United States standard datum of the Coast
and Geodetic Survey.
These charts show all oyster bars and other boundaries established by the Com-
mission, and are certified for the purpose of filing in the office of the clerk of the Circuit
Court of Charles County and in the office of the Commission at Annapolis, as required
by the oyster laws of Maryland.
In addition to the oyster bar and other boundaries, the charts show the location
and name of all landmarks (U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation stations)
used in making the survey, together with the hydrography and topography ” necessary
to make the technical definitions and delineations of boundaries readily understandable
both by the people engaged in the oyster industry and the general public who may
become interested through leasing of barren bottoms for oyster culture.
The names of the oyster bars are those used locally, as nearly as could be ascer-
tained by the hydrographic engineer of the Commission. When there was no local
name in cominon use, a name was selected from one of the prominent features of the
vicinity. By the use of recognized names or those that would naturally suggest certain
sections of water, it is believed that much confusion will be avoided in the location on
the charts of the oyster bars, especially by those not familiar with the use of maps.
The corners of the oyster bars are numbered from 1: to the total number of corners
in each area under consideration. Where boundaries adjoin, making one point a corner
of two or more oyster bars, these points have two or more numbers, each number corre-
sponding to the bar in which the figure is located. The numbers of the corners corre-
spond with the technical and legal descriptions of this publication under the heading
“Boundaries of natural oyster bars.”
The landmarks and oyster bars have been grouped in the “Contents” of this publi-
cation in accordance with the charts upon which they are shown. To find a particular
a These charts can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey, at Washington, D. C.
b Much of the detail of the inshore topography was obtained from the excellent map of Charles
County, prepared and published by the Maryiand Geological Survey under the direction of Dr. William
Bullock Clark from surveys of the Maryland Geological Survey in cooperation with the U. S. Geological
Survey.
16
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 17
oyster bar or landmark which is only known by name, consult the “Contents”? and
the desired chart and general location will be indicated. To find the name of a bar or
landmark which is only known by location, consult the progress map at the end of this
publication for the number of the chart on which it is to be found, and then examine
the known locality on the chart for the name of the bar or landmark in question.
The contours on the charts showing the depth of water at mean low tide have been
taken from the hydrographic sheets of former work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Four curves were selected as being the most convenient for taking off from the original
hydrographic sheets and the ones of greatest value to those interested in shell fish indus-
tries. The 1-fathom contour (6 feet) and the 5-fathom curve (30 feet) correspond
in a general way to the inner and outer limits of all the oyster bars surveyed. The
3-fathom contour (18 feet) furnishes the curve of about the average depth of water on
the oyster bars and the 10-fathom contour (60 feet) serves in a general way to indicate
the outer limits of probable oyster culture. )
The boundaries of the waters within the “territorial limits of the county’ and the
boundaries of the “waters contiguous to the county”’ opened up for the leasing with
Charles County are plainly indicated on the charts. A full technical description of
these boundaries is given in this publication under the heading “‘ Boundaries of county
waters.”
The areas in acres of the oyster bars were determined under the direction of the
hydrographic engineer of the Commission by two independent planimeter measurements
of the areas as delineated on the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
These areas are given in small figures in parentheses on the face of the chart within the
boundaries of the different shell fish bottoms.
The symbols used on the charts for the different kinds of boundaries, triangulation
stations, contours of depth of water, etc., require no other explanation than that given.
in the legend and other notes on the face of the charts.
LEASING CHARTS.
The leasing charts of Charles County, like those for Anne Arundel, Somerset,
Wicomico, Worcester, and Calvert counties, have been prepared under the direction of the
hydrographic engineer of the Commission. These charts are constructed on polyconic
projections and are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey. They are made on the scales of 1 part in 5,000 or 1 part in 10,000, as the needs
of oyster culturemay require. Anne Arundel County required 13 leasing charts; Somerset
County, 12 charts; Wicomico County, 2 charts; Worcester County, 3 charts; Calvert
County, 5 charts; and Charles County, 2 charts, to cover their oyster bottoms.
These charts show all the oyster bars, crab bottoms, and clam beds and other
boundaries established by the Commission, and also all boundaries of oyster lots leased
for the purpose of oyster culture, thus making them comprehensive and valuable records
of the results of the operations of the oyster-culture laws.
The lots leased under the provision of the ‘“‘old 5-acre law” are frequently of irreg-
ular shape, but the lots leased under the provision of the new oyster laws must be of
rectangular shape by the terms of that act. For this latter purpose the leasing charts
Of Am ae
18 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
have been divided by parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude into small rectan-
gles of 1 acre or 5 acres, as may be best suited to the area under consideration, and
prospective leaseholders by the rules of the Commission are compelled to select whole
rectangles as far as possible.
For reasons of the present changeable nature of the number of lots leased and the
large number of charts required, the leasing charts are not likely to be published for
some years, but they can be seen at any time on file at the offices of the Commission,
in the Marine Bank Building at Baltimore.
PROJECTIONS.
The polyconic projections “ covering Charles County waters are 3 in number and
on the scale of 1 part in 10,000. They were constructed by draftsmen of the Coast and
Geodetic Survey, but the sextant positions which determine the location of the legal
boundaries of the oyster bars as delineated by the Shell Fish Commission were plotted
by the draftsman of the Commission.
A copy of each of these projections, with all the plotted positions of triangulation
stations, shore line, sextant positions, and boundaries of oyster bars, was made under
the direction of the hydrographic engineer of the Commission by pricking through with
a sharp needle the intersections of the projection lines and all other points as plotted
on the original sheets.
These projections (in duplicate) are the original records of all oyster bar and other
boundaries established by the Commission, one set being filed in the archives of the
Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, and the other set in the archives of the Shell
Fish Commission.
PROGRESS MAPS.
The progress map to be found at the end of this publication is on a seale of 1 part
in 100,000, and shows in outline the work accomplished by the United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey in Charles County and contiguous waters. It gives the scheme of all the
charts and smooth projections constructed in connection with the survey, the location
and names of all triangulation stations used as a basis for the surveying work, and the
“boundaries of county waters’ established by the Commission for the purpose of carry-
ing out the laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture.
Besides indicating the amount of work done by the Coast and Geodetic Survey
in connection with the work of the Shell Fish Commission, this progress map will be of
special value for index purposes to engineers and others searching for the particular
chart or projection covering the locality of the oyster bars or landmarks that may be
under consideration.
The progress maps ? accompanying the first and second annual reports of the Mary-
land Shell Fish Commission were prepared under the direction of the hydrographic
engineer of the Commission. They are on the scale of 1 part in 400,000, and show the
outline of the tide-water counties of Maryland, with shaded areas to indicate the waters
already covered by the operations of the oyster survey.
@ For the scheme of these projections see the progress map at the end of this publication.
> These maps and reports can be obtained by application to Maryland Shell Fish Commission,
Marine Bank Building, Baltimore, Md.
BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTY WATERS.2
WATERS WITHIN TERRITORIAL LIMITS OF COUNTY.
The laws of Maryland relating to oyster culture provide that ‘‘no person shall be
permitted, by lease, assignment, or in any other manner, to acquire a greater amount
of land than ten acres situated within the territorial limits of any of the counties, or
one hundred acres in any other place.”
The boundary line’ between the waters “‘within the territorial limits’’ of Charles
County and the waters in “any other place,’’ as established by the Shell Fish Com-
mission for the purpose of carrying out the oyster laws, and delineated on the “‘oyster”’
charts and the smooth projections of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, is technically
described and defined as follows:
Patuxent River waters of Charles County.—Following the boundary line between Charles County
and Prince Georges County along the middle of Swanson Creek as laid down on “Chart No. 26, Natural
Oyster Bars, Maryland,” to a point defined by the intersection of this boundary line with the boundary
line of Calvert County in Patuxent River; thence along the boundary line between Calvert and Charles
counties in Patuxent River as laid down on ‘‘ Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ to a point
defined by the intersection of this boundary line with the boundary line between Charles and St. Marys
counties off the entrance to Indian Creek; thence along the boundary line between Charles and St.
Marys counties in the middle of Indian Creek as laid down on ‘‘Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars,
Maryland.”’
Wicomico River waters of Charles County.—Following the boundary line between Charles County
and St. Marys County along the middle of Wicomico River as laid down on “Chart No. 26, Natural
Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ from the upper end of Wicomico River, as shown on said chart, to a point at
the mouth of Wicomico River defined by the intersection of this boundary line with the straight line
between the center point of Cobb Point Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76°
49’ 36.9 and a point on the northwest end of St. Catherine Island defined by latitude 38° 14’ 28.9
and longitude 76° 48’ 10.9’; thence along a straight line dividing the ‘‘ waters within territorial limits
of eounty’’ and the ‘“‘ waters of Potomac River under joint jurisdiction of Maryland and Virginia as to
fisheries”’ to the center point of Cobb Point Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude
76° 49’ 36.9”; thence along a line following Cobb Point Bar, as laid down on “‘Chart No. 26, Natural
Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ to a point located on Cobb Point defined by latitude 38° 15/ 17.5” and longi-
tude 76° 50’ 33.4”; thence along the mean low water line of the Maryland shore of Potomac River or a
line across the mouth of all inlets less than 1oo yards in width, as the case may be, and then continuing
along the Maryland shore of Potomac River, crossing the mouth of Potomac River entrances of Neals
Sound, around Swan Point, and crossing the mouth of Cuckold Creek and all other creeks, bays, and
inlets of Potomac River under the sole jurisdiction of Maryland, to the intersection of this line with the
boundary line between Charles County and Prince Georges County.¢
«For a complete historical and legal description of the boundaries of the counties of Maryland,
the valuable publication entitled “The Counties of Maryland—Their Origin, Boundaries, and Election
Districts,’’ prepared by Dr. Edward B. Mathews and published by the Maryland Geological Survey under
the direction of Dr. William Bullock Clark, Superintendent, should be consulted, as the boundaries
described in this publication have been established and technically defined for the purpose of carrying
out the oyster laws of the State, and may or may not be correct for other purposes.
b See “Charts of Natural Oyster Bars,’’ published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the
progress map at the end of this publication.
cLatitudes and longitudes based on the United States standard datum of the United States Coast
and Geodetic Survey.
19
20 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
WATERS CONTIGUOUS TO COUNTY.
The oyster laws of Maryland provide that a true and accurate delineation of all
natural oyster bars shall be made on copies of charts of the United States Coast and
Geodetic Survey, “which said copies shall be filed in the office of the said Commissioners
in the city of Baltimore,” and “‘in the office of the clerks of the cireuit courts for the respec-
tive counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie.”
For the purpose of carrying out the latter part of this section of the law and for
the purpose of establishing the limits of the oyster-culture area to be opened up for
leasing with each county surveyed, it is necessary for the Shell Tish Commission to
establish a boundary line between the waters contiguous to but not within the terri-
torial limits of each county and the waters contiguous to but not within the territorial
limits of adjacent counties. >
This boundary line has been delineated on the “Charts of Natural Oyster Bars,”
published by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and is technically described and defined
as follows:
Commencing at a point located at the mouth and near the middle of Wicomico River defined by the
intersection of the boundary line between Charles County and St. Marys County as laid down on “ Chart
No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,’’ and the straight line between the center point of Cobb Point
Bar Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76° 49’ 36.9 and a point on the northwest
end of St. Catherine Island defined by latitude 38° 14’ 28.9’ and longitude 76° 48’ 10.9’; thence along
a straight line dividing the “waters within territorial limits of county ’’ and the “ waters of Potomac River
under joint jurisdiction of Maryland and Virginia as to fisheries”’ to the center point of Cobb Point Bar
Light defined by latitude 38° 14’ 33.3’ and longitude 76° 40’ 36.9’; thence along a line following Cobb
Point Bar as laid down on ‘‘Chart No. 26, Natural Oyster Bars, Maryland,”’ to a point located on Cobb
Point defined by latitude 38° 15’ 17.5/’ and longitude 76° 50’ 33.4”; thence along the Maryland shore
of the Potomac River across the entrances to Neals Sound, Cuckold Creek, and all other sounds, bays,
creeks, or inlets under the sole jurisdiction of Maryland as to fisheries, to the intersection of this line
with the boundary line between Charles County and Prince Georges County.¢
a Vatitudes and longitudes based on the United States standard datum of the United States Coast
and Geodetic Survey.
LANDMARKS (U. 8. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY TRIANGULATION
STATIONS).
EXPLANATION.
The oyster laws of Maryland authorizing the survey to be made by the Shell Fish
Commission provide for “‘an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a descrip-
tion of landmarks as may be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to
find and ascertain the boundary lines of said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as
shown by delineation on the maps and charts.’’ ‘The law of the United States author-
izing the cooperation of the Department of Commerce and Labor in the survey of
natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the erection of ‘‘such structures as may be
necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such
future work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter
required to perform in prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters
of the United States located within the State of Maryland.”
Under the provisions of the sections of the laws stated above, the markings and
descriptions of landmarks must be sufficient for the present and future needs of both
the Government and the State. With this end in view, considerable work has been
expended in erecting permanent monuments at the triangulation stations and in the
proper description of their location.
An effort has been made to arrange the descriptions of location and character of
landmarks in a uniform and logical manner. The descriptions start with the assump-
tion that the individual seeking a landmark has only an indefinite idea of its location.
They gradually proceed from description of the general locality of a landmark to the
descriptions of its immediate surroundings. ‘This is followed by specific details of the
character of the center and reference marks and a ‘“‘round”’ of reference angles and
distances which in themselves frequently contain enough information to furnish an
independent and reliable location of the triangulation station.
METHOD OF DESCRIBING TRIANGULATION STATIONS.
The separate descriptions of triangulation stations should not be used without reading
the following explanation of the method of describing the triangulation stations, as it con-
tains certain details that are common to all the landmarks described in this publication
and which are omitted 1m the separate descriptions as being needless repetitions:
Name.
The title at the top of each separate description is the name by which
the landmark or triangulation station is known and designated in all work and pub-
lished oyster records or oyster charts of both the Government and State. The sSelec-
tion of the name is usually left to the triangulator establishing the station, and it may
or may not have geographic or other significance in reference to the locality.
21
to
to
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
General locality —Under this heading is given the general locality of the landmark
in reference to well-known and prominent natural or artificial features, such as the
nearest body of water, town, river, steamer wharf, well-defined point of land, church,
or any other feature that is likely to remain both permanent and prominent.
This heading also covers a reference to the published chart or map which shows
the location of the station most clearly. Nearly all the triangulation stations described
in this publication are plainly indicated by name and a triangulation symbol on the
published charts of oyster bars of Maryland. In this case they are referred to by serial
number only, the words ‘“‘charts of oyster bars of Maryland’’ being omitted to avoid
needless repetition. These published oyster charts are on the large scale of 1 part in
20,000 (approximately 314 inches to a statute mile) and show the location of the trian-
gulation stations so clearly that in many cases the written descriptions will not be
required to find them. y
Immediate locality —Under this heading is given the description of the “observed
station’? in reference to its immediate surroundings. This is supposed to include a
statement of the station’s estimated elevation above high water or some other well-
defined level of the locality, such as a road or house; the character of the ground on
which it is located, such as marsh land, sand beach, cultivated field, or meadow; esti-
mated bearings in points of the compass and estimated distances in yards from (not to)
easily recognized features, such as extreme end of point, edge of bluff, bank of creek,
line of telephone poles, shore line, barn, house, fence, ditch, trees, or any other definite
detail, such as being on range with the tangent of an island and a church; and so forth.
When a standard monument has been established near the station as a “reference
station,” this heading also covers a statement of the true bearing of the monument in
degrees and minutes and its measured distance in meters, as it is the first object that
is likely to catch the eye when the immediate vicinity of the desired station is reached
and might be mistaken for the center mark of the “observed station”’ unless special
attention is called to it.
The distinction between the “‘observed station’’ and ‘“‘reference station’’ should
be carefully noted by anyone making use of the description of stations for any future
surveying operations.
The “observed station”’ is located at the particular triangulation point covered by
the description of stations, and is the one whose geographic position is first computed, as
it is the point which was “‘occupied”’ and “observed on”’ for horizontal angles. How-
ever, in spite of the primary importance of the location of the “‘observed station,”
it will be noted from the description of stations that frequently it is not marked as well
as the “reference station,’’ and in many instances has only a pine stub to indicate its
position. This is the case for the reason that the necessity of intervisibility of land-
marks usually made it compulsory to locate ‘“‘observed stations’’ on edges of banks and
ends of points of land, which in the tide-water section of Maryland generally means they
will be washed away in a short period of years. The past experience of the Coast and
Geodetic Survey in this region has shown the great need of “reference stations,” if the
frequent reestablishment of a new framework of triangulation is to be avoided.
The chief reason and need for the establishment of the ‘reference station,’ or
secondary station, as it might be well named, is explained in the preceding paragraph,
but in several instances other reasons, such as the location of the ‘‘observed station’’
, ’
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 23
on an unstable sand dune, in a cultivated field, in front of a residence, or other places
objectionable to the landowner, have led to establishment of “‘reference stations.”
The location of the “reference station”’ in relation to the “‘observed station”’ is fixed
for plotting on charts or for computation of its geographic position by checked measure-
ments of its distances and azimuth from the ‘‘observed station.”’ @
Marks.—Under this heading is given a description of the character of the permanent
monuments or other marks of the location of the “‘observed station,’ and of the “‘refer-
ence station’’ where one has been established.
All the marks designated in the descriptions as ‘‘the center point of triangle on
standard cement monument”’ are exactly alike. These monuments are made of cement,
sand, and gravel, and are 2 feet long and 8 inches square at top and bottom. Their tops
are all marked with the same brass mold and show a center hole surrounded by a triangle,
with the letters “‘M. S. F. C.”’ arranged around the vertex and the letters “U.S. C. 8.”
underneath the base of the triangle. The center hole is always in the center of the top
of the monument by construction, and if this is found to have been broken off without
disturbing the bottom the center of its square section can be used as the location of the
station.
All the “‘standard cement monuments,’ whether used for marking the ‘“‘observed
station” or “reference station,’ have been planted upright in exactly the same manner,
with their tops projecting 3 or 4 inches above the surface of the ground, unless otherwise
stated.
Therefore, as the above facts in reference to the “‘standard cement monuments”
are a constant element in all cases, the repetition of these facts in the description of
stations is made needless by this one statement.
References.—Under this heading are given the ‘‘rounds”’ of directions and distances
to all objects that might be useful in locating the stations when the surface marks can
not be found. It is also contemplated that for general purposes of topography, hydrog-
raphy, or location of boundaries of oyster bars these references will be sufficient in many
cases to relocate the position of an ‘‘observed station”’ or ‘‘reference station’? when
both of them have been destroyed.
The first reference object given in the descriptions is always a triangulation station
visible from the station being described, this, if possible, being a light-house, church
sp-re, or other permanent and prominent point. Its direction is taken as being 0° 00’ 007’,
and the directions of all other objects are measured from it as an initial point, the angles
being taken in a clockwise direction (left to right).
The true bearing? of the initial object is always given in parentheses alongside its
name. This furnishes means for the calculation of the bearings of any of the other
reference objects for the purposes of locating a station by horizontal angles or for the
relocation of corner buoys of oyster-bar boundaries by the method of compass directions
described n this publication under the heading of ‘‘ Boundaries of oyster bars.”
ce
ras
“
@ Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, distance, and azimuth) relating to any of the “‘ob-
served stations’’ or of the “reference stations’’ described in this publication can be obtained by applica-
tion to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, at Washington, D. C.
» The mean magnetic variation for Charles County was 5° 20’ west of north in 1910 and increasing
at the rate of 4’ yearly. 5
24 4 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
The distances in the last column under ‘‘References’’ are given in three different
units, which vary according to their accuracy. The ‘‘miles’’ are statute miles and may
be considered only as rough estimates. The “‘yards’’ are more accurate, but must be
looked on as-results generally obtained by pacing or careful estimating. The ‘‘ meters,”
however, are accurate to the degree indicated by their decimals and in every case have
been measured with a steel tape. In the same manner the accuracy of the directions are
indicated by the refinement of angular measure with which they are recorded.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TRIANGULATION STATIONS.
BARBER.
General locality.—Northeastern shore of Wicomico River about 34 mile north-northeast of Stoddard
Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on grass land about 2 feet above high-water mark, 3 yards
north of shore, 20 yards west of trees which extend inland along creek, 4 yards southwest by west of a
corner of a fence and 15 yards southeast of another corner of a fence.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— OF, al ets
ES work lergal! O((SiG)F AS Wi))s no ar Gd nen ancaenane te), eh Coy sa-c4- 1's miles.
Left chimney of Stoddard house.............. Cy een ae rs 1 miles.
Near peak of roof between two chimneys...... Ag 1LS. sete eee 14 miles.
Chimney on left end of small house........... O22 cA ey eee 114 miles.
Nail in blaze in top fence rail. ae i MIG UNMOON oo Wan. en 10.62 meters.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (5 PecEee Aemerene. GG. Cle) 2 ac ai Scie 10.75 meters,
Nail in blaze in top of chestnut fence post.... 245 24 ~..~...... 3.43 meters.
Nail in blaze in persimmon tree (5 inches
ALAM STE) seek evans ne ce eRe reece erotane reat 2G CS MeRILOUE" athe Mia ate 13.94 meters.
Manaentiok pout wche ste a)ecslolenne veces BOCK ig’ “ei abe care: 1, mile.
Near large chimney of negro quarters......... BODO TaN, Petey ak ry miles.
UPPER.
General locality.—Southwestern shore of Wicomico River on Stoddard Point (upper point) about
214 miles north-northwest of Mills Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a long narrow point about 2 feet above high-water mark,
5 yards south of side of point, 8 yards northwest of side of point, 38 yards west of high-water mark on
middle of point and 138 yards west by north of high-water mark on extreme end of point.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— Chie ecdy 027
“AS Wore Kolevole (Sie CfA 18)) sn dard aacds pian COGAs DEE Ounoo; oon s.r Ly mile.
IRUteAaiie Clauh sapeVayy Coyt Siorelsercal Moyo. vondscatochaneng wae) HA wae. \, mile.
Banas) Sirens aR Baron SAR ian Me 1, mile.
Bement! OU Sear RAMEE ls el-cine IRAQ EON Same Settee 1, mile.
Tangent of next point. . dmAchne icon gece OPO Or MMes. Bieehc 5s mile.
Right chimney of irawls on sage Jn thot BBO Sea 070) 05) Seer sea 3 miles.
Chimney outside small house on opposite shore... 213 28 .. ...... 114 miles.
Near corner post of piazza of large house.......... 247 47 .. ..-... 15§ miles.
Chimmneyatoproh key houseren. eee se 206 on Mian ise 134 miles.
KEY.
General locality.—Northeastern shore of Wicomico River on a high bluff about 1 mile north of Cohouck
Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 30 feet above high-water mark in an orchard, about
24 yards northeast of edge of bank, 49 yards north of edge of bank, 15 yards east of edge of bank, 130
yards south-southwest of negro quarters and 130 yards west of fence which incloses an orchard.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 25
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.—
“Stoddard’’ (S 70° 48’ W).. ae
Near comer of near amnesia on a Stoddard howe.
Near corner of near chimney of small house. ...
Peak of roof between two chimneyson house...
Peak of roof of very large barn................
Chimney on middle of roof on two-story house. .
Near corner of near chimney of negro’s quarters.
Nailin blaze in apple tree (12 inches diameter). -
Chinn eyrok Key house eee esate saan ver
Nail in blaze in apple tree (14 inches diameter) .
Peak of roof of large barn..
Nail in blaze in apple tree e Sadites) diameter).
Peak of roof of house on piles..
Between two chimneys of ‘eres. Briel Fone on
STODDARD.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River about !
References.— °
pall pecan’ Nip 26 m7 aWilwnwer sterte ciciaeteeee a keer °
Outside chimney ‘of small house. . 23
Peak of front gable of large house o on niridge.. 52
Chimney on top of Key house.. 5 94
Chimney outside of two anda half Stony, onset 153
Right chimney of large house. . 172
Peak of roof of house on Chaptico W hart. 180
Chimney top of house on piles.. oe 228
Near corner of chimney on Stoddard inerres. 284
Nail in blaze in pear tree (24 inches diameter)... 315
Nail in blaze in pear tree (4 inches diameter).. 349
COHOUCK.
o
259
281
347
/
Mf
pon MA sont,
ae 13g miles.
1's miles.
2 miles.
nite 3 miles.
S255 3 miles.
we agonyards:
~ 2. 22.55 meters:
ae 14 mile.
ene DSenQemleLers.
Hy. Y4 mile.
... 7-94 meters.
eee sce ouatles:
21% miles.
2 mile south-southeast of Stoddard Point
and 1 mile west-northwest of Cohouck Point. (See Chart No. Hea
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on gravel, grass, and shell point, near a lone gum tree, about
2 feet above high-water mark, 6 yards south-southwest of side of point, 6 yards north of side of point, ro
yards west of extreme end of point and 158 yards east-northeast of Stoddard house.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
7
4/
ya 1% miles.
... 238 miles.
178 miles.
Sats 2 miles.
is}
a
S¢ miles.
> mile.
aye 158 yards.
... 4.58 meters.
9.41 meters.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on Cohouck Point on the northern side of entrance
to Chaptico Bay. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on Cohouck Point, about 6 feet above high-water mark, 12
yards east of edge of bank, 35 yards south of edge of bank, 85 yards northeast of extreme point and about
25 yards north of marsh.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— °
SUE NON] GPG) Be ae toiaheheo lbs Soe ain eI aE °
Nearest chimney on negro quarters.............. °
Near peak of roof of barn. s 26
Chimney outside near eat os 7 aul: a Shale story
Jeloyb Gono me es FA DRC pci TAOS OOSD RC eRTO Ieee ORI 128
Right chimney of Lyon house near Mills Point.... 171
Chimney on flat roof house near mouth of Bowmans
CreCke yet Saat cee te ition tetas miata 28
Chinneyrontarendiofitotsesssea cess sete er ee 261
Chimimeyaoniiouseion\pilesaes seer eerie ae 270
Peak of front gable of house on ridge............. 352
4/
Meets § mile.
Taare 1 mile.
Fete. wif 1 mile.
siteared 34 mile.
anes 76 1'@ miles.
eae 2 miles.
We. Sof 134 miles.
g miles.
26 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
HAYDEN.
General locality.—Western shore of the Wicomico River about 1's miles west of Cohouck Point.
(See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is surrounded by water bushes on marshy land, about 1
foot above high water, 5 yards northwest of shore and 17 yards southeast of line of trees on top of bank.
Cement monument marking reference station is 11.50 meters N 54° 34’ W of observed station.
Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub with top 3 inches above ground. Reference station is
center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— Wee 72
Bs Specs aN (Shy- 0 Gale Tove 1D) erratic any poet Meee aor QO) (OO; COW. lee 138 miles.
Between two main chimneys of large house be-
lows@haptieo Whar). crs «femcieiysts!satas ss 5 CUR Aes. Eee 234 miles.
West roof peak of house on ChapticoWharf.... 6 5r .. ...... 214 miles.
Chimney on middle of square house............ 65 06 ........ 5g mile.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (18inches diameter). 124 14 .. ...... 23.45 meters.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (8 inches diameter) 155 23 ........ 16.55 meters.
RERORENCE STATION sy o\pirtcie aieie)s1s\«, o)s)eiel sisted =) =) eh Tee AS) vB 11.51 meters.
Nail in blaze in oak tree (8 inches diameter).... 213 29 .. ...... 18.74 meters.
Ghimneyion) Key fopse: . 22 .c.02. fecpee oh eee BIAS: FA 5» Sayceenete See 134 miles.
Chimney of Maddox house. . Even tele tip) 2A ASOD tl ects ame 334 miles.
Right chimney outside of aie harness, SONOS yma ened eat, Ae 154 miles.
PERRY.
General locality.—Southeastern shore of Chaptico Bay, about 1 mile northeast of Mills Point and 5¢
mile southeast of Cohouck Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is in an open field, about 20 feet above high-water mark,
8 yards northwest of edge of bank, 9 yards south-southwest from edge of gully in bank, 5 yards south
of edge of bank of gully, and about 150 yards north-northeast of creek.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— pore See
Mabacte (Signe Lo? Wiis apeetetiocis facial eieey- a nO ROOMNOON, Sat fe 1 mile.
Chimney, onirightend| ofjhousey.- a: eeieey 4k eyeieee 23 miles.
Chimney on flat-roof house.........-.......... I5 03 2'4 miles.
Left chimney of Crane house................. BME RG nba s 35% miles.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inchesdiameter). 42 34 ........ 10.49 meters.
Nearest chimney on larger part of double brick
HOUSE co. ajote Hacins wed alee eee epee AZ” AROS At cies 356 miles.
Wefichimney ofhouseionipiles seas sei) 5) Zoe eell ear 134 miles.
Near peak of roof on house.................... Oey Yen ne ee 2 miles.
Near corner of near chimney of Stoddard house. 66 59 .. ...... 2 miles.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inchesdiameter). 81 go . ..... 8.44 meters.
Peak of front gable of house on ridge.......... MZ, (5 IL)». fe - wei GQ COs:
Nail in blaze in locust tree (8 inches diameter). 136 40 ........ 5-95 meters.
Near chimney of large house on ridge.......... 169 o8 ........ 154 miles.
Chimney outside of two-and-a-half-story house. 289 15 ........ 150 yards.
BURR.
General locality.—Westerm shore of Wicomico River directly opposite mouth of Chaptico Bay and
34 mile north of Bowmans Creek. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on hard ground between a sloping bank ro feet high covered
with trees and a marshy shore, about 2 feet above high-water mark, 18 yards northwest of extreme
point, 23 yards north of shore, 17 yards southwest of shore, and 9 yards southeast of bottom of bank.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 24
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— ee ok
Cia (SIGH S02) de aa ano anne ean eae Aecmcae 8). Gs) Mele) ease ce 114 miles.
Between two chimneys of large houseonridge. 16 39 .. ...... 434 miles.
West end of peak of roof of house on Chaptico
Wiktar pce S24), Seip Stn ey Apa t. Ne 2i TLS Mee er. 21g miles.
Right chimney of two-and-a-half-story house... 72 2Ir ........ 114 miles.
Chimney in middle of large house. . ae Soi et tee et iciee 1% miles.
Nail in blaze in persimmon tree Cn inghes ah
AMELEL): ce cay-vei Ae eee Bee tee ae reeie hee Cy) Din nos Woamioer 7.67 meters.
Nail in blaze in persimmon tree (9 inches di-
Arrieteh) WA axle edn cee ae ieee eso: HO2ME SOM eke Pele 2 2.60 meters.
Nail.in blaze in persimmon tree (10 inches di-
EhsoCie) | nando ne aerate oe Cae Ree ne 2360 (22 .En wali 3-86 meters.
Main chimney of Key house.................. BO SENOS MMi ttc it 2% miles.
Chimney on Maddox house................... BESy c2Bu pas eme ses 3's miles.
FACT.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on Mills Point on south side of mouth of Chaptico
Bay. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a long point covered on the southern side with gum
and cedar trees, about ro feet above high-water mark, 23 yards from extreme end of top of bank, 6
yards north of edge of bank, and’8 yards southeast of edge of bank.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.—
“Cobb) Point Barn Wieht(S 7° 13°)... © 60 (oO ...... 6% miles.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (7inchesdiameter).. 5 07 ........ 6.20 meters.
Nail in blaze in-oak tree (28 inches diameter).. 56 16 ........ 6.37 meters.
Chimney on ell end of Stoddard house......... 157 08 .. ...... 178 miles.
ChimneyioniKeyOUses a )-)-\ dita « ieteos TOG) AGAR rey terrarie = 21 miles.
Near peak of roof of large house............... DTA Ou en leyere 14 mile.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (6 inches diameter). 301 45 .. ...... 16.26 meters.
Near chimney of large house near shore....... BU NG Be en ehh eee: 54 mile.
West end of peak of house on Chaptico Wharf.. 342 53 .. ...... 7% mile.
BOWMAN.
General locality —Western shore of Wicomico River at northeast side of mouth of Bowmans Creek
and 1!4 miles west by south of Mills Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is sutrounded by water bushes on point of land about 1%
feet above high water, 14 yards east of high-water mark, 16 yards north of extreme end of point, 20
yards northeast of side of point, 20 yards south of several cedar trees, and about 150 yards south of a
house.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— ca tad were
“Sacred Heart Church Spire’ (S 62° 50’ E)... 0 00 o©0...... 454 miles.
Chimrneysonsendion long hOUSeuy rere eters en LON 37 eels 314 miles.
Chimney of Lyon house. . ae Boh Ol yates 34 miles.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree G facings amereon BO) O4mrA Ola tara! =i<y< 8.88 meters.
Clark ankaSy7 Oa Ge EERES WOESEY csisc coenae co cacmedcee, 9h BS so beeoee 14 mile.
Crane housesgedes se asesce Ga sesae ates e eee LOS) LO meryimt, e cver 2 miles.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (6 inches diameter). 216 10 00 ...... 18.37 meters.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (7 inches diameter). 232 40, 30 ...... 17.58 meters.
Chinineysonenearen diotshousc eestor a2 03804 OF aie.) tate: ls, mile.
Peak of roof between two chimneys........... Sy ney (ame Atom cherie 214 miles
iS}
10/2)
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
EEDLING.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River about 1}, miles southwest of Mills Point and
about 1 mile southeast of mouth of Bowmans Creek. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is in a shell- covered cultivated field, about 1o feet above
high-water mark, 37 yards southwest of shell and gravel beach, 88 yards west-northwest of extreme
end of point, and af yards north of a ditch in marsh. Cement monument marking reference station
is 23.99 meters N 89° 56’ W of observed station.
Marks.—Observed and reference stations are marked by the center point of the triangles on
standard cement monuments.
References.— pao a y's
Rach’? /(S igo nary iW) rates envi usdttel. Rater Sti a1 0! Go! loojernee 134 miles.
Nail in blaze in gum tree (20 inches diameter).. 2 07 50...... 26.06 meters.
Near peak of roof of house on Chaptico Wharf.. 42 05 134 miles.
Chimney outside near end of house on hill..... 44 24 .. ...... 258 miles,
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (3 inches diameter).. 49 54 40...... 25-75 meters.
REFERENCE STATION. Mei: saaiindeinde\l 50) ABMS Ey Rete 23.99 meters.
Chimney on right of ell a a mney, eis ees, LOO) NOra mt ye are ene 2 miles.
Near peak of roof of Kedling house............ 265 550. 2 ene 3 mile.
Nail in blaze in oak tree (24 inches diameter).. 331 27 40...... 33-99 meters.
FARR.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River about 14 miles south-southeast of Mills Point
and 14 mile north of the mouth of Manahowick Creek. (See Chart No. 26.)
Trnmediate locality.—Observed station is about 10 feet above high-water mark, 5 yards east by south
of edge of bank, 32 yards north-northwest of several pine trees at fish shanty near edge of bank, 22 yards
south by east of other trees, and 300 yards west by north of a large house.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument buried 16
inches below surface of ground with nail in stub at surface.
References.— ae aa
=CopbsPommteBar Mightua(oogs5¢ 1): .... +...) 0) ,OON Oona 54 miles.
“Rock Point Catholic Church Cross’’....... 8 .O3" eAO Ler ee 314 miles.
Chimney on left side of house................. AQ iT ae eee 134 miles.
Wettichimney of Craneshouses-.....-..-......- E13. AO: aki 4/4 miles.
Left peak of house on Chaptico Wharf........ 153 o8 ........ '% mile.
Left chimney of house on Mills Point farm..... 168 34 .. ...... 114 miles.
Right chimney on Maddox house............. 242 28 .. ...... 2 miles.
Rishi ticonmemo telat seo sce eeitet tact!) 3) 20210330 ene ee 14 mile.
Near cornmerton dishyshanitiyguters sree se nels as 338. oh knee ee 23.69 meters.
GUST.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River on Windmill Point about 34 mile north of the
mouth of’Hedneys Creek and opposite mouth of Manahowie Creek. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on shell and gravel point, bordered by persimmon and
cedar trees, about 2 feet above high-water mark, 12 yards northwest of shore, 16 yards south of shore,
and 28 yards west-southwest of shore on extreme end of point.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— Sree A
“Bact? 2 (Ni 202094 B) Feuer emer i). ol 00 "00"... Toa niles:
Nail in blaze in persimmon tree (8 inches di-
Lys 21412) SeapeRemae qua ooc i oo scd naa Udo 6 22 7-95/meters.
Near peak of roof of house on Chaptico Wharf.. 35 32 114 miles.
Chimney on left side of large house........... SSA TB eee. B 136 miles.
Chimney on middle of Lyon house. . : SELOm 134 miles.
Near peak of roof of house with two chimneys. S.. 17I. 43) «5 +s 5g mile.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (4 inches diameter). */ 2OAM T4400! Pe yee 5.90 meters,
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (ro inches diameter). 301 03 I0...... 16.18 meters.
Y
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 209
LYON.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on a point about 14 mile north of Bramleigh
Creek and 2 miles north by east of Rock Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a point of land between the Lyon residence and edge
of bank, roo yards north of small pond which is fringed on river side with cedar trees, about 4 yards
north of a bird house on a post, 19 yards east-northeast of most prominent point of bank, 15 yards east-
southeast of side of bank, 16 yards north-northeast of another side, and 12 yards south-southwest of a fence.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— Ne tS
“Weiss’’ (S 25° 47’ E).. ed SH ied Ope OO pe CO} "s:51-7irar 114 miles.
Nail in blaze in cedar ape wi Sade mane? sup-
POE ee ane eye tee ketamine ieee Sahel repay Lae LG) o2O! to-aire css 3-67 meters.
Nail in blaze in pear tree (6 inches diameter).. 58 oo 50...... 11.74 meters.
Chlitmin ey Onin Ousesye aewerepeyt-csterk ac toe eae ens TOO IMA es ce ap 1° miles.
Leftichimmney of Crane house. .3.. 2222-50... 4. AG aS 2 weyers eet 514 miles.
Between two chimneys of large brick house.... 159 59 .. ...... 312 miles.
Near peak of roof between two chimneys of
are eIVOUSE sam csecatiertsl incites «dole eincieh aw < LT SON Levee eyscckess 334 miles.
West end of peak of roof of house on Chaptico
NCE earn riaots conde Ac tee et as ae Orne eo aera Us, RM Oe Ca Se 134 miles.
Conner ofifenCe naar esi e nici iii east boi 2 sue ols LOS MOS: wiss siete: 14.15 meters.
Near cormerjofihouses i106). lier spe esas Sayeed 2) ay BAA TO). ices. 122-00 meters:
Right corner of small house. Pe BONMR OM thie eee a SO)meters:
Nail in blaze in locust tree me pees eeonn). Boon lOc mon seen 8.82 meters.
Right tcomemorsueduae pris ass a. a2 site cee we BaOmegOn eikwedee ee 14.98 meters.
SACRED HEART CHURCH SPIRE (BUSHWOOD).
General locality.—Easterly side of Wicomico River on meh land about 1!4 miles inland, north by
east of Bushwood Wharf. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is steeple of Sacred Heart Church near Bushwood.
Marks.—Observed station is center of cross on steeple.
References.—None necessary.
HEDNEY.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River on first point above mouth of Charleston Creek
and about 134 miles northwest of White Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is about 25 feet above high-water mark, 16 yards west-
southwest of edge of bank, 139 yards north of large tree at edge of bank, 85 yards north of oak tree at
edge of bank, 155 yards east-northeast of gum tree 20 inches diameter on bank of a pond, and about
Vg mile east-southeast of a house among trees.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument with top buried
12 inches below the surface of the ground. Surface mark is nail in stub with top 5 inches above sur-
face of ground.
References.— Sha anh aig
“Sacred Heart Church Spire’’ (N 86° 31’ E).. 0 o0 ©0...... 412 miles.
Near corner of nearest chimney of four on a
enya AGUS] Gia INN: G. ao Satan awe seoesogeane Fogle bea ete « 4'% miles.
Right chimney of a large house. . s PS SLO Sa arse 2 miles.
Middle of island at end of White Point Boe BS TEAS Meriva © or: 17g miles.
Nail in blaze in oak tree (48 inches Hemainn PES Ol 250 OO. -.5. 73-16 meters.
Nail in blaze in walnut tree (36 inches diam-
Gli ®) GA en SaoG Anca One Ceo aooe pene nSe SANG ZERO! vy ecyer: 115.63 meters.
Middle of gum tree. “(6 RELA TEA OMG O \0,-:. 71.2 138.47 meters.
Near peak of roof Reaveen twa teers. Sree: ZROUMAGUM on relive iat 34 mile.
Near chimneyson laze houseseeeesee eee U2 LG) ok se. 01 158 miles.
Chimney ob lsyoryhowshmcr smear tly RGe AY ba GRagac 1g miles,
30 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md,
CHARLES.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River on first point south of entrance to Charleston
Creek, and 114 miles north of Rock Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a small marshy point about 6 inches above high-water
mark and 18 yards east of pine woods on a bank ro feet above high water. Cement monument marking
reference station is 15.56 meters N 57° 10’ W of observed station.
Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub with top 2 inches above ground. Reference station is
center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— it 7 aan
** Hard:((Sin7Seg Be) pene ieee vesicle 0 «5,0 O 1 OO; NOOMn ser 114 miles.
Nail in blaze in pine tree (ro inches diameter).. 47 51 .. ...... 28.46 meters.
Nail in blaze in pine tree (12 inchesdiameter).. 84 58 .. ...... 16.66 meters.
Nail in blaze in pine tree (7 inches diameter)... 134 22 .. ...... 16.87 meters.
REFERENCE STATION. te Rite spies ses 238) 20 | Ow eee 15.56 meters.
West chimney on two- tory house Oral lo sce ON MEER e erect 114 miles
“Sacred Heart Church Spire (Bushwood)? - i208) 503) al Omneneete 234 miles.
« West chimney on Garner house. . vite tee le 20 Seah Dae en means 134 miles.
West gable of house on Binainteagl Wharf. BEN 300: 407) mee 2 miles.
WEISS.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on White Point, about 3 miles north by east of
Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a bluff near small cedar trees, about 8 feet above high-
water mark, 13 yards north of and 27 yards south of edges of bluff and 52 yards east of extreme point.
Marks.—Observed station center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— Sa ee
» Cobb, Point Bar tightas (Sire aaa W)... .. 7 nes OM OONNCO lune 3% miles.
Flagstaff on schoolhouse.................-..-- AO" AT! 2002 4,. 0% 154 miles.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (10 inches diameter). 54 03 I0...... 42.29 meters.
Left chimney on two-story house.............. CEST SOS ene zo 34 mile.
Nail in blaze in poplar tree (3 inches diameter). 181 46 .. ...... 6.24 meters.
moacteds Learnt Climnchns picemenrrassrritl i 1-1 200 NS OMS OM ane 134 miles.
West chimney of Garner house............... 260°'°27 “tseeheRee 5g mile.
Nail in blaze in poplar tree (4 inches diameter). 266 27 50 ...... 37-80 meters.
West gable of house on Bushwood Wharf...... 284 26 .. ...... 5g mile.
Left chimney on two-story house.............. 342) 10) {aaa 238 miles.
BLAKISTONE.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River, about !4 mile southeast of Plowdens Wharf at
Bushwood, and about 3 miles north-northeast of Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on second bluff southeast of Bushwood Wharf, 15 feet above
high-water mark, 15 yards southeast of a large dogwood tree, about 6 yards northeast of edge of bluff,
3 yards southwest of rail fence, about 15 yards southwest of an ice house near orchard, and 5 to 10 yards
south to east of several small cedar trees.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— ‘ Se ee
Prec’? (Si8Pi4o\W) sae eer hires Ol 500; 00h eae 2 miles.
» Rock Point) CatholiciChitchiGrossmerr sere Smo) 30). eee 2 miles.
Left peak of roof of wharf house.............. OAR aTO No. (iso Les
NCE rahe CAE ERS boda oma d AA eee TNU7) Me oes onle sasenttcte 13.36 meters.
Chimmney/on Blakistone store seers aaa DPC tS atch anos ee ‘4 mile.
Near peak of roof of Blakistone house.......... 176 32 .. ...... 250 yards.
Point of cupola on Ranahan house............ TOK 645) 55. -njny eee eee
Near left corner of sill of ice house............ 233) S05 ee tater 14.15 meters.
Right lower\cormen:-c- sys: serteretretontote meter dors.e-< 200/833) er eer 15.76 meters.
Nearipeak of roof. 2.2.28 samen eeetee:- BX2 54 Was usec 44 mile.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 31
HARD.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River on point of land known as Rock Point about 2
miles north by west of Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on low point of land near several small cedar trees about 1
foot above high-water mark, 47 yards west of shore, 16 yards south of shore, 30 yards north of shore,
about 80 yards northeast by north of Rock Point Wharf, and 170 yards northeast by east of Lancasters
store. ,
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— te eae
(Cojooy 1efoybaye, Wekeve Iejpaehe’’ (CS) Te +4 1D) cagecnancon ©) Oe) CO gacouc 2 miles.
Northeast gable of wharf house............. Ore ANE KORN) Leese 2 ec 80 yards.
mRocks Point Catholic: @immken Crossi+ nee een 70! LO) 820) 4. 14 mile.
South chimney on Lancaster store............... hy MESCH Aah cleans 170 yards.
Point of east gable Om) MOUSE: 6.5) eerste cs ieee OUYANG Ne a Ee 14 mile.
> SacreduHeart: Chiuee Mm Spire antes ccrieciecmccrtse 1230) Of 20) stil 3 miles.
Gable of house on wharf at Brentood! Nee 2 50% 1O0)* reed rcs Se 134 miles.
Westirablejot Honse san scot. orice teers siege ene tewins 208). 100). Be ayavctste = 2 miles.
West gable on one-story house................... BEG TOI pay lepers = 2'4 miles.
North chimney of two-story house................ 330 12 .. ...... 2'% miles.
ROCK POINT CATHOLIC CHURCH CROSS.
General. locality —Eastern shore of Wicomico River at Rock Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is in settlement called Rock Point. It is on the larger of
two similar buildings, the smaller one being the schoolhouse.
Marks —Observed station is center point of cross on Rock Point Catholic Church.
References.—None necessary.
: PREC.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Wicomico River on Bluff Point about 2 miles north-northeast of
Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is about 10 feet above high-water mark, 34 yards southeast
of nearest end of neck of Bluff Point, 29 yards south-southeast of shore, 16 yards northeast of shore, and
88 yards west by southwest of house.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— ie eS
“Cobb Point Bar Light’’ (S 28° 377 W)........ OF, CONCOla. eee 2 miles.
Mangentiof woodsion Cobb) Point. .........-..-- 34. 04 :- ...--. 2 miles.
mRocksboint Catuolie: Church Crosswawer.s... 70. 10) 30) 42) 158 miles.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inches diameter)... 116 14 4o ...... 20.64 meters.
Left chimney of Garner house. . RG. at ne SASS Aza tena ene se 1's miles.
Nail in blaze in left one of twin ecused trees (12
inches diameter). . Hise ene tie fol sre ban 30.36 meters.
“Sacred Heart Church Spire” 7/2 eS LON elers - 234 miles.
Near chimney of Sherrer house. . 5 22837) RENE RSs). 88 yards.
Nail in blaze in poplar tree (6 aiches diame)! ZAZT TOD 50) !.- 4-1: 33-74 meters.
Nail in blaze in poplar tree (5 inches diameter). 282 00 4o ...... 27.71 meters.
Pertichtmney of cottagensssse hues. ese os. Ai |s} OE oe Sarit c Vg mile.
Right chimney of Bailey house on St. Margarets
USL an Ge cape prene verse norte delays e ss aa scale al avsiche RE) OG Sa esate 114 miles
to
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
ios)
CORNER.
General locality.—Western shore of Wicomico River on the eastern side of an island known as Cobb
Point Neck about halfway between Cobb Point and the entrance to Neales Sound. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is in a cultivated field on a bluff bordered with pine trees
about 15 feet above high-water mark, 3 yards west of a wire fence running along edge of bluff and 21
yards east-northeast of a wire fence which separates cornfield from pine woods.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— . ve bac!
“Cobb Point Bar Light’ (S 29° 39’ E)........ 0) ,00) (col eats 134 miles.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (3 inches diameter).. 50 02 .. ...... 16.98 meters.
Nail in blaze in pine tree (8 inches diameter)... 111 43 .. ...... 21.41 meters.
Nail in blaze in pine tree (12 inches diameter). 135 20 .. ...... 33-22 meters.
Middilechimneysonbousesieere swe sae. oes 177) 07 Avon eee 14 mile.
a Catho el@hiir chs Grosswaeranen vies aot putea 207) Ove Omen 7% mile.
Left chimney of house on St. Margarets Island.. 318 56 .. ...... 15% miles.
ST. MARGARET 2.
General locality.—Northwestern side of Potomac River on the southwestern side of St. Margarets
Island in the mouth of the Wicomico River about 1 mile northeast of Cobb Point Bar Light. (See Chart
No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on a bluff about 12 feet above high-water mark, 15 inches
northeast of edge of bluff, 86 yards northwest of cow shed, 129 yards south-southwest of several houses
and 154 yards west-southwest of Bailey (large) house. Cement monument marking reference station is
79.19 meters N 46° 26’ E of observed station and at corner of cow shed.
Marks.—Observed station is center of a stub in a 2'3-inch tile pipe set in cement with top flush
with ground. Reference station is center point of triangle of standard cement monument.
References.— Shy fees
“Cobb Point Bar Light’’ (S 53° 22’ W)........ Oop Sool het 1 mile.
Waraesant Oi (Co)o) y leoywehe Coogan sean. 450 03" Le... 2h) Dgumiles?
mRock Point (Catholic ChurchiGross!* ese en wog 42 50) -nnek 17% miles.
Chimney on left of Garner new house.......... 129 4o .. ...... 235 miles.
masactedukleart Chichi Spire alan aiees eiiseer lien x3) 127 Cm ie 4 miles.
RERPRENGCE STATION. 2. secon cee center 7S (OMe IDS Ne sities 79-19 meters.
Left chimney of Bailey house................. LOM 50 ae ew-he SSOMyaALasE
Nearest chimney of small house on Bullock
DRS earn 8 rss elev «72a she) RE ER 220) SOR Met (tel ela 1 mile.
Left chimney of small house on St. Catherine
JISC 50(G Woe ae eee SG. 30 Aor colo Sao Nee 250 32 eee pee 134 miles.
COBB POINT BAR LIGHT.
General locality.—Northerly side of Potomac River at mouth of Wicomico River on the southeastern
extremity of Cobb Point Bar. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on the end of Cobb Point Bar at the mouth of the Wicomico
River.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of black lantern on screw pile structure known as “Cobb
Point Bar Light.”’
References.—
peblakistonmslancdiligiit 2 (S)orS 2516) i ese COO OO syne 5 miles.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 33
RIVER SPRINGS CATHOLIC CHAPEL CROSS.
General locality —Northern side of Potomac River inland about 34 mile north by west of River
Springs. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on building known as River Springs Catholic Chapel.
Marks.—Observed station is center of cross on River Springs Catholic Chapel.
References.—None necessary.
SOUND.
General locality.—Northern shore of St. Catherine Sound about 214 miles east by north of Cobb Point
Bar Light and 14 mile east of Bullock Island. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 15 feet above high-water mark, 35 yards north of edge
of bank, 2 yards east of wire fence, 65 yards east of edge of bank, 57 yards south of southeast corner of
fence of house yard, and 63 yards south by west of telephone pole line which is on the same side of the road.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on SERRE: cement monument.
References.— As sake
“Cobb Point Bar Light” (S 84° 53’ W)........... © CONCO Ganaos 214 miles.
Right chimney of house on Bullock Island....... SIA rsideke ers 14 mile.
Near end of small chimney on large house........ CY aI das sasricg I mile.
Left corner post of fence. . ae Ber reise yao Wl OS OSE ann er ake Near.
Near corner of chimney of seem inves. pipes c pel) iS ve Scie Near.
Neer camace 908: 8 GE ce ee He) 3. be ecucoe Near.
Richt) peal offroofiofibarn. vet... <elee <eeiclale ove oe EEG) 7 Gc caueco Near.
“River Springs Catholic Chapel Cross’’........... 148 31 Io ...... 1 mile.
Chimney of Blakistone store..................... SQW MLO) el tu eee eve 14 mile.
Near chimney of Bailey house. . oe Ph MeV aan Gen dce 14 mile.
Chimney on smaller house on St. ieathenne fiance B2RO3 wise ye 34 mile.
BAILEY.
General locality.—Northeastern shore of St. Catherine Sound, about 34 mile east by north of eastern
end of St. Catherine Island and x mile north of the Potomac River. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on shelly ground on Bailey property, about 5 feet above
high-water mark, ro yards northeast of high-water mark, 7 yards northeast of a wire fence, 35 yards
south-southeast of corner of wire fence, 30 yards north-northwest of corner of wire and wooden fences,
25 yards north of Bailey house, and 40 yards west by south of corner of wooden fence.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— 2 Litas
“Cobb Point Bar Light’’ (N 88° 11’ W)....... ©) (CO 00) <s-)-1< 25 miles.
Nail in blaze in one of four cedar trees (3 inches
diameter) pray citrate lee tats einen s EZ 20} acle seers 12.37 meters.
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (8 inches diameter).. 44 59 .. ...... 27.82 meters.
Cornerniofawiteencen-nedsassceeeseccsar- 7 40) 20) cp acne 32.06 meters.
Chimneygonthouseraene arrest cee nes oe = a QO) 03 Syren iad 150 yards.
“River Springs Catholic Chapel Cross”........ 113 06 00...... 1 mile
Corner of wooden fence: ....................-. DS ie S25 eck ietete exc 37.49 meters.
Chimneysof Batley houses nsec 2 eee - 203 20g ts foto 25 yards.
Junction of wire and wooden fences........... AGN Bt Soe eduobe 26.22 meters.
Left chimney of house on Waterloo Point...... 277 43 .. ...... 34 mile.
Nail in blaze in first of six cedar trees......... AS} Ai] ac adooos 10.76 meters.
Right chimney of small house on St. Catherine
Ts [eat Qe pest arse ee teres area U Ri ueer sey orca oars ey} “CP Vale Senses r mile.
34 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
ST. CATHERINE.
General locality—Southern shore of St. Catherine Sound, on the northern side of St. Catherine
Island. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is about 12 feet above high-water mark, 86 yards south of edge
of bank, 49 yards west of line of young cedar trees, 198 yards northeast of a lone mulberry tree 3 feet in
diameter, and 207 yards southeast of small house among trees.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument with top 12
inches below the surface.
References.— Owe
“Cobb Point Bar Light” (N 81° 08’ W).......... 0.00) ool cts 176 miles.
Right side of right chimney on small house....... 13 04 .. ...... 207 yards.
Left chimney of large house on St. MargaretsIsland 34 42 .. ...... 134 miles.
Right chimney of house on Bullock Island....... 60: Jot) meters 14 mile.
Chimney of Blackistone house................... LE” 20) pout 5g mile.
“River Springs Catholic Chapel Cross”........... 129 I7 40...... 158 miles.
Left chimney of Bailey house...................- T58). LO .e cee 74 mile.
Right chimney of Young house on Waterloo Point. 207 48 .. ...... 7% mile.
WATERLOO.
General locality.—Southeastern shore of St. Catherine Sound, about 34 mile east-southeast of St.
Catherine Island and about 14 mile north of Potomac River. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is at top of rise in field, about 8 feet above high-water mark,
48 yards east by south of shore at a point where several mulberry trees stand, 43 yards south of large
sugarberry tree, 19 yards south by east of wire-fence post, and 200 yards north of Young house on Water-
loo Farm.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument, with top 12
inches below surface of ground. 5
References.— Ce a
“Sound” (N 18° 41’ W).. SeAPea seh avis. sy MOP LOOMIOO Ns s tinie's 1 mile.
Near end of peak of Biacicks rene inate nenaddn oes Gu C2 eeca ce eter 1 mile.
“Sacred Heart Church Spire (Bushwood)”.... 10 37 20...... 5 miles.
Peak of gable of Blackistone house at River
RS PLU ES a esheccyestatciereyskerey gare eon rereie inebelacisiens QU GAR state csis ele 7% mile.
Near peak of roof of Bailey house............. TOLD cig irieeeie 4 mile.
INGate [Sells DUM UOT WHS OER ss oocoscose nen CW) 8S Gn Sods \% mile.
Near peak of roof of Quaid) houseyes.arenee- 2 FL) 25 se wees 14 mile.
Near peak of house. . ate Ie OZ. Ay ca hawinsi< tare 4 mile.
Nail in blaze in apie ‘sas G Pncnes Aieeeeen)) | Uge PY 239) So ader 34.78 meters.
Nail in blaze 8-inch branch on apple tree (14
fT Ches diameter) reece eens emis T53) 634) (20) ween 24.90 meters.
Nail in blaze in apple tree (6 inches diameter).. 203 50 o0...... 26.18 meters.
Near peak of roof of Young house............. 200° (69) oa edeles 200 yards.
Left tangent of St. Catherine Island........... 200) 720 Ae AR te 34 mile.
Right chimney of roof of house on Bullock
IIS GNI a6 ba RRC RRR EON 6 acon Haan sooRad ace BEY, SO) AC. Anostic 134 miles.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 35
PRINCE.
General locality—Western shore of Patuxent River, about 1% mile north of mouth of Swanson Creek.
(See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is in pasture about 20 feet above high water, 15 yards north-
west of edge of bank, 75 yards northeast of a grove of trees, and 100 yards southwest of another grove
of trees. Locust trees form a fringe along edge of bank.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on Siaudard cement monument.
References. — (pe tate
ee Weitchi.(Si83 coal) mee ceeepereiystaimre rs eres Cy (els) esa nae 34 mile.
No tlare china eysorslOUuse eens ee eee eee O) PO2 eerste rips < 34 mile.
Chimney on store at Buena Vista. . WP MRL OMRCL GS: eth: oc iassisfs 134 miles.
Chimney of Dr. Huggins house at Brera: V “gia. DU yp eri, SoCaer 134 miles.
Nearest chimney on Gourley house on Hallow-
sn FRO ta Caer ects yctcket srarstetes ays Toiar tara. s feeds savas ace SS eelOn zs isssyras 21% miles.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inches diameter).. 79 38 30...... 15.94 meters.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (4 inches diameter).. 110 13 30...... 14.55 meters.
Outside chimney on large house on hill........ 150 45 .. ...... 34 mile.
INeawendlof peak oftaoheerw: aie es ieee = PPA) OR st. Sonocoe 34 mile.
Middlevoficlumploitreesssse- sabe aeateeeie + 27h COM eerie 2 too yards.
Chimneyrotihousese. se tela een te tee Bn OF Hie, ea pee 134 miles.
Nail in blaze in crotch of locust tree (6 inches
Giameter)): aay tre seh <arsete cts ioe ena clelsternt oa 350! 13g LO". seers 19.27 meters.
LEITCH.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Patuxent River, on prominent point opposite mouth of Swanson
Creek, given on chart as Gods Grace Point, but known locally as Leitchs Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and grass land about 1 foot above high water and
3 yards north of straight line connecting two round points. It is about 13 yards northwest of the lower
of these two points and 9 yards east of upper point. A creek 3 feet wide has its mouth about 19 yards
east by south of the station. There are no permanent objects near station.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— uh
“Prince” (N 83° 00 W).. ere oe C189) CO) cacace 34 mile
Near end of corner peak oe 230 of eee oree on
litle cone caachodhaohont tec uOL Oo Cente ener e OGM Go Coe. 134 miles
Near end of peak of wharf-house roof............. Wie AO! uamteyercpata = 14 mile
Right chimney of house. . : LORIN 2ie tere eka 1g mile
Right chimney of Gonriey Hone 263 tb Olumare Taacrs 2 miles
Canmninpstousestacktwaaqeseseas sen ocles = ss oce eee i MOLIN Ane ecos 2 miles
a CatholictChirehnCrossueme ra meee el cis cis ae = cleus 280 20) 130) sae a,s 2 miles
Chimneyzofismallthouseneaeeme ete sea oes «sc 208/052) a. neis cs t mile
Right outside chimney of old house............... 328 43 .. ....-- 14 miles.
Rightioutside chimney of old house... ...4:...-.-. 343 05 .. ------ 1% miles.
FODDER.
General locality—Western shore of Patuxent River on the southern side of the mouth of Swanson
Creek about 1 mile west-southwest of Leitch Wharf and 34 mile west-northwest of Point Judith (locally
known as Teague Point). (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on the edge of cultivated land about 10 feet above high-
water mark, 4 yards west of edge of bank, and 9 yards north of another edge. Cement monument mark-
ing reference station is 15.21 meters S 60° 52’ W of observed station.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument with a top 9
inches square and 8 inches above surface of ground. Reference station is center point of triangle on
standard cement monument with a top about 8 inches square and 5 inches above surface ground.
36 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
References.— Pie ch ES
““Prince”’ (N 25°! 00d) pemeeri renee ile: © 08.00) OO aneae 4% mile.
Near peak of large house on bluff............. 1 tee gle <0 2 miles.
Right corner of house. . Aart IS Cent Soper 24. .08\s .c\. Barra 134 miles.
Near peak of Leitch Wharf insite 2 o Sra cy Cmeaeh teas Tapia os whiyairc.- 1% miles.
Heft’ peak/of Mertehwhonse seeminssieterier nie eg) 28.937" 2 eee 14 miles.
Front peak of house at Buena Vista........... T5200 ieee eee 114 miles.
Chimney outside left end of house on hill...... 87 16 .. ...... 2 miles.
Nearspealksofismialllubovsee seni) lets = ats ates =) LOX 33) cee eee 3 mile.
Large chimney on small house................ L974 Ag" eet 1 mile.
Left side of left chimney outside Bowling
HOUSE Hearse RAE ee or aic Maras Shale wii grx | 47° aa Sear 34 mile.
IREBERENCE (STATION: secejcse vies cle cee ss siele ols 20h) isa) Ose ects 15.21 meters.
Left corner of house on top of hill............. ET lire cle, 1 mile.
BUENA.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Patuxent River about 134 miles northeast of Benedict at place
known as Buena Vista. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is in a field on land adjoining house owned by S. V. Smith
and occupied by Dr. Huggins. It is about 1o feet above high water, 8 yards east of edge of bank,
and 12 yards south of a rail fence. Cement monument marking reference station is 11.11 meters
N 5° 42’ E of observed station and near fence.
Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub with top 2 inches above ground. Reference station is
center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— ee
SHallowing 7? \(S 247° 227 Wi). scones cece cence 0] 00 ©0......5 114 miles.
Center of red roof on square house near Bene-
IG Berta ietctere ae ov clej ciara losis es crener ceeds dte aerate CLF ee) Anne 2 miles.
Carnrati AHO RO SBME, oo op coco ne son sab asnoona- ZS: {ony Soretke 134 miles.
“(Caja oie: Camera i Oxyorg es oe ncoaneodenanconen 2Q) OAs LO Meese 134 miles.
Nail in blaze in locust tree ae inches diameter)... 31 48 4o...... 8.58 meters.
Left chimney of old house. . aelocle mon areteteyeete, WIGOL LB et iin oe 3 miles.
Left chimney of old house. . ae VON G2) yee ea aes 3 miles.
Nail in blaze on cherry exe C aahes Gbanme
CliS?) Ui eae re tan oe bes Ge item canoe CE) GSS sanube 9.70 meters.
Peak of roof of large house. . iis SpE OO Tat late ernest 4 miles.
Chimney of house near eiten) Wharf... BOS. ch 2iirersan chi bere 1 mile.
Natlaniblaze on! fence\posts.- et assem ease « 1430 aR ec Ouenete 11.18 meters.
RERERENCE/SLALION seu cect tee en eras Wits}. He) Hey asa han 11.11 meters.
INeamcornerof house: sae mae eee eeni ae: TSQ) Pada eee 25 yards.
Cherry tree on fence line (15 inches diameter).. 221 25 .. ...... 35 yards.
Double apple tree (30 inches diameter)....... 290 54 .. ...... 59 yards.
TEAGUE.
General locality.—Western shore of Patuxent River on point on southern side of entrance to Swan-
son Creek, locally known as Teague Point, and given on chart as Point Judith. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Qbserved station is on gravel and grass land about 3 feet above high water,
about 11 yards from south side, 16 yards from north-northeast side, and 75 yards west by north of
extreme end of point. Bushes stand between station and north side of point. There are no perma-
nent reference objects near station.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. Bi
References.— ms i
me ienama (NSS 24 ci) ict b es oe opis eiichusiynie @) le) ee) a oqscc 1% miles.
phan centofelear eset pe eaeareiesniaaeeece ie : 20) 00k aay cies 75 yards.
Near corner of right chimney of Gourley house
Me age allowitle POU tee ee eer east eer OS EAS: scirowhrsepsts 114 miles.
Canning NO Use Stackers ee enna eee ae TO GUase O\ esos eere 114 miles.
iINeariend) of pealkiof hotelepee. scenes estes si ae TOS TO) eee. 114 miles.
Left one of two ivy-covered chimneys........... DLO 250) cierslecrere I mile.
“(Calais (nisin. (Grog Sacco senenconeodbeossc Tawa) aie HE) eacace t mile.
Chimneyion oly evHousepe rer err eer err ise TRO WPRLOW fee havens 2 miles.
Peftichimneyiof hovselon billie. eee AARC NAR TS) Poeseescs 2 miles.
Tanget of high-water mark...................... TOS) LOOs id Sp atsiessyeu 75 yards.
Neariendlofspealcotirooterers meric siete seis): PBB TAT 2 \esotirais 1 mile.
Chimney on large house on hill.................. BARB ON 2 te 8 sas 3 miles.
Welt chimmneyaonunouserere-cneerbemccienies cis CY) Sop emeoe 1 mile.
Near end of peak of roof on store at Buena Vista.. 355 59 .. ....-- 114 miles.
CATHOLIC CHURCH CROSS (BENEDICT).
General locality—Western shore of upper Patuxent River in the town of Benedict. (See Chart
No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on Catholic Church, located on the main street of the
town of Benedict about one-fourth mile from the wharf.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of cross on church.
References.—None necessary.
CLIVE
General locality.—Western shore of Patuxent River on Town Point about one-fourth mile north-
northeast of Benedict steamboat wharf. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality—Observed station is on gravel and shell point about 4 feet above high water,
12 yards northwest of the shore, 63 yards west-southwest of a shanty, about 100 yards west-southwest
of extreme end of point, and 11 yards southeast of a slough. There are no permanent reference objects
near station.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— eh Pali
“Va iilogauag (GS) Gul Zi 19): ong poet eda eeeeeedde On IOOMCOMEE EE 1s mile.
Wanclollinecarsherndansbomlteeedd ss seo -a5 20 30) a anes 3% miles.
Two middle chimneys at Dowells........:....... ATS Olin sareterare fehetas 3% miles.
Left tangent of peak of wharf-house roof.......... SU aA ete ner ete 14 mile.
Center of roof of square house.................... (Vinee 21 ehen 13 ow eee mile.
Canningohorserstackymerreicietenrie ces eerie 6 ts OS 22h sie erect 14 mile.
Nearest ivy-covered chimney of old house. ....... nev gg easase Besos
a Catholres Chiticehl Cross mare enact ate 42 ees Sie (bOlve era 14 mile.
Wehsqiuaterchimn ey, OblOtse ate ieee tee: <i BNET eek el oer 134 miles.
Near end of peak of roof of Huggins house. ....... Z8OWes an ae iat ers 14 miles.
INeancormenofesh an tymresteeeeeeeet er iais cise elie ZOOM AA eu oyeleciess 63 yards.
Right chimney of Gourley house................. BQ QUZOn ctae amis 34 mile.
Chimney of old building behind wharf.,......... G2) OL ea epee: 34 mile.
38 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
HALLOWING.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Patuxent River on point opposite Benedict, known locally as
Holland Point, but given on charts as Hallowing Point. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on a rounded gravel and grass point about 250 yards south
of wharf on Holland Point, about 2 feet above high water, ro yards north of shore, 8 yards east of shore,
and 15 yards outside of a group of locust trees, sugar-berry trees, and bushes.
Marks.— Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— spleen par“
*¢ City 2 (NPE ret 2ta WV) Senne ee ce chore ta Q) (CO's CON eee 34 mile.
Left end of peak of roof of wharf house on
HollandURoint irr titrate tite cates! s eis cis evsie,s 6 23° Seer 250 yards.
Chimney of store at Buena Vista............. Vi ECY Me Sos o0% 134 miles.
Nail in blaze in nearest one of group of four
sugar-berry trees (each 8 inches diameter)... 92 24 .. ...... 12.88 meters.
Nail in blaze in sugar-berry tree (10 inches :
Giameter) |e sejcerscessietehs aries aisis else crore spies TOO) 150850) ete 15.74 meters.
Nail in blaze in locust tree (4 inches diameter)... 167 55 4o...... 11.90 meters.
Smokepipe on Trent Hall Wharf building. .... BAW” BC cies eoneae 214 miles.
Outside chimney of detached house at Soth-
QEOUS Een Ternete reer reveled teeta etelersicie sie latetnietotenstetciete Efe) Fe a6) mig ane 114 miles.
Center of roof on square house................ STAC ITE An ve eats 34 mile.
(Cannun eso MSerstac Karriere eat tele aisle ie Serie thre too ae 14 mile.
Catholicei@hiren Crossmenmeieie siete eieicisieteinicie 347, SAA (20 wisn ane 34 mile.
INDIAN.
General locality.—Western shore of Patuxent River on north side of entrance to Indian Creek and
about one-fourth mile below Benedict steamboat wharf. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is about 3 feet above high water, 7 yards west of shore, 16
yards northeast of a fence and a line of trees, 13 yards southwest of a lone locust tree, about 250 yards
to the south-southeast of a large square house, and 125 yards east-northeast of another house.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— ; ae t/e
ES ayiloroyroyel (Sea wit IB) 5 Gc oosnacsa ances OOO 00) en sien 1 mile.
Nail in blaze in locust tree near fence (5 inches
CTAMISTER) fo -/ se: :o <:sik Stale otsys sussele Ssievareielel ate eerstele 33) 14 Ops 5 Olas 15.57 meters.
Nail in blaze in middle branch of locust tree
(Guuchesidiameter) nee aee ee eee (Le ey ey Sgn son 19.13 meters.
Square chimney on old house................ 137.0 2S see Aree 114 miles.
Right chimney of square house............... TOoy “SOM erin 1g mile.
Near end of peak of roof of hotel.............. 206) 26) as ie eapeeys 14 mile.
Canninp-Molseystacks) eerie een ieriieet: 2031) 22s OR ene 4 mile.
Nail in blaze in left branch of locust tree (5
prAGHesKTATMeLer) heise eee eects 235: (28 eta cet 12.90 meters.
Right tangent of Benedict Wharf............. 228) NOW Sept te 4 mile.
Chimney of house near “Buena Vista’”’....... 245 58 .. ...... 214 miles.
Chimney of Gourley house................... 270, 28) maleate 1 mile.
Windmill at Dowell’s on Sheridan Point...... 344 48 .. ...... 4% miles.
Left of right chimney on Dowell house........ BAA) AST raleyieratetels= 414 miles.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 39
DWARF.
General locality.—Eastern shore of Patuxent River about 2 miles north-northwest of Sheridan Point
and about 114 miles southeast of Benedict on a point of land opposite the mouth of Indian Creek.
Chart No. 26.)
(See
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on sand and grass land about 1 foot above high-water
mark, 6 yards northeast from extreme end of point, 4 yards east of one edge of shore, and 6 yards north
of another edge of shore.
Point on which station is located has a sugar-berry tree, several small locust
trees and water bushes, and a pond behind bushes and trees about 1oo yards to the east.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.—
“Soy etosmoyet!! (S) oO Win cccccogecousresr
Nearest corner of top of nearest chimney on
tenant {housed ctna ste «ae «fetes eisleleictts
Center of roof of square house .
Nail in blaze in locust tree (4 inches areca
Canin penorseistac kine tctetevetctcterteicsl clei):
“Catholic Church Cross”’
alae HAVASU OF WHEN 650 ana cocopeuscous
Nail in sugar-berry tree (10 inches diameter)... .
Nail in blaze in locust tree (3 inches diameter). .
Chimmneyion/smiall! house: 42.2-.2-:--.+.-..
Left point of peak of roof of Dowell’s.........
Left end of peak of roof of Trent Hall Wharf...
Middle cupola on stable.................
Right pillar on Sothoron house porch.........
°
SOTHORON.
/
“
34 mile.
4.22 meters.
114 miles.
1% miles.
34 mile.
8.94 meters.
2.68 meters.
2 miles.
214 miles.
11% miles.
ly miles.
I mile.
General locality —Western shore of Patuxent River on Long Point between entrances to Indian and
Trent Hall creeks. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality —Observed station is on sand and grass lowland about 1 foot above high-water
mark among cedar trees, about 24 yards west by north of extreme end of point, 12 yards north of one
edge of shore and 30 yards southwest of another edge of shore.
Marks.—Observed station is center point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.—
“Teil layysists ” (IN 23)" Gi 12) coco ss con wee
Nearest chimney on Gourley house.......
Nail in blaze in locust tree (4 inches diameter). .
Left end of peak of roof of Dowell house........
Middle cupola on Trent Hall stable...........
Point of middle attic window on John Bullinger
house .
Left pillar of porch of Sothoron house. .
Nail in blaze in cedar tree (12 inches shea),
Near corner of nearest chimney on Slye house. .
Nail in blaze in locust tree (4 inches diameter). .
Right one of two outside chimneys on old house
on hill on property of A. B. Slye
Center of roof on square house................
Nail in blaze in locust tree (6 inches diameter). .
187
35°
/
A
OOM s 1% miles
Laer 114 miles
Son ce 3-35 meters.
ba seh serene 214 miles.
OO}nc ete 114 miles.
Seip 1 mile.
eae i Vy mile.
Xe) ‘canciok 8.12 meters.
2x0): Rages 2 miles.
ACW eae 10.83 meters.
Scratch 2 miles.
wiomavlorets 1 mile.
eT Olmareieyeras 12.81 meters.
40 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
BUZZ.
General locality.—Northeast shore of Patuxent River on southwest side of Buzzards Island near
mouth of Buzzards Island Creek. (See Chart No. 26.)
Immediate locality.—Observed station is on marsh, clay, and grass land on wooded island about 2
feet above high water, 5 yards northeast of river shore and 4o yards northwest of extreme point of island.
Cement monument marking reference station is 8.97 meters N 42° 23’ E of observed station.
Marks.—Observed station is nail in stub with top flush with ground. Reference station is center
point of triangle on standard cement monument.
References.— Pay eee
““Morseliz (Size Peon Si eects ats « steleleisiere esseies 0 JOOMGO) chet 34 mile.
Smokepipe on roof of storehouse............... 30) Uh ee eee 2 miles.
Nearcomer/ofimiear’chimney, ... .c1c. snes) (AO) BO) twee ses 2 miles.
ChimneysofylrentiHallitits 5: oc ete ae ences, 150) AON ey celine 114 miles.
Nearest of three cupolas on stable............. 54° 36) Osean ee 1% miles.
Left piazzi post at Sothorons................ 102 4I .. ...... 144 miles.
Center of roof of square house................. 055) Lhy) el eee 134 miles.
pa Catholies Chiurel) Crossusery. rane eee sree ents 164) 56s ° Shaun 2 miles.
Nail in blaze in oak tree (18 inches diameter).. 172 14 .. ...... 4.55 meters.
Nail in blaze in oak tree (18 inches diameter).. 198 36 4o...... 13.16 meters.
Nail in blaze in oak tree (24 inches diameter).. 235 o8 3o...... 9.62 meters.
IREKERENCE STATION se-t -1-Gecie sie riers se ene 252) (45) ASuenesits 8.97 meters.
Nail in blaze in pine tree (5 inches diameter)... 255 43 .. ...... 6.52 meters.
Chimney on house across creek................ 313 23 -. ...... M4 mile.
BOUNDARIES OF OYSTER BARS.
EXPLANATION.
The law of the United States authorizing the cooperation of the Department of
Commerce and Labor in the survey of natural oyster bars of Maryland provides for the
designation and employment by the Department of Commerce and Labor of such officers,
experts, and other technically qualified persons “as may be necessary to cooperate with
the Maryland State Board of Shell Fish Commissioners in making a survey of and
locating the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of
Maryland.”’ The oyster laws of Maryland provide that the Maryland Shell Fish Com-
missioners, with the aid of such persons as may he designated by the Government, shall
proceed ‘‘to have laid out, surveyed, and designated on the said charts the natural
beds and bars, and shall cause to be marked and defined as accurately as practicable
the limits and boundaries of the natural beds, bars, and rocks as established by said
survey, and they shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing, and make
an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may
be necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the
boundary lines of the said natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks, as shown by a delinea-
tion on the maps and charts.’’ The oyster laws of Maryland also provide in another
section that there shall ““be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster
beds, bars, and rocks * * * with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the
shore, giving courses and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report
of said survey.”
Under the provisions of the laws quoted above the State of Maryland, in coopera-
tion with the Department of Commerce and Labor, must define the boundaries of the
natural oyster bars ‘‘as accurately as practicable” and also “‘ with reference to fixed and
permanent objects on the shore, giving courses and distances.” The requirement of
“as accurately as practicable’’ is easily fulfilled by definition of the location of the
corners of the oyster bars by latitude and longitude. In fact, this method is probably
the most satisfactory and accurate one that could be used for all purposes of legal
definition or for relocation of the oyser-bar boundaries by competent engineers. There-
fore the additional requirement of “‘giving courses and distances” is superfluous and
is only fulfilled in the published definitions on account of the specific provisions of
the law making it compulsory. This part of the description of boundaries has involved
an immense amount of extra computations in order to prevent technical discrepancies
between the latitude and longitude of a corner of an oyster bar and its distance and
bearing from objects on shore of known latitude and longitude without adding anything
to the accuracy and very little to the convenience of practical use of the descriptions
of the oyser-bar boundaries.
4I
42 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
As provided by law the boundaries of the oyster bars are all straight lines, but in
the work already completed they have inclosed areas of all shapes from triangles to
complicated 14-sided figures, and of all sizes from 4 acres to 7,548 acres. The sides
have varied in length from 93 to 7,529 yards, and in some cases the corners of the bound-
aries have been practically at the triangulation stations from which they are located,
while in other instances they were over 13,600 vards from the landmarks most available
for the purpose of fixing their position.
The varied characteristics of the legal boundaries of the oyster bars indicated by
the above statement, together with the complicated requirements of the law under
which the survey has been made and the magnitude of the work with the consequent
need of fixed and uniform methods, have made the problem of describing the boundaries
one of considerable difficulty and great importance.
The boundaries of the oyster bars of Maryland, as established by the Shell Fish
Commission and delineated on the Coast and Geodetic Survey charts and projections
and on the leasing charts of the Commission, are technically defined and described by a
method somewhat different from that used in other oyster surveys. But it is believed
that the forms finally adopted will fulfill all needs of the survey for both the present and
the future.
METHOD OF DESCRIBING BOUNDARIES.
The descriptions have been arranged in tabular form, thus avoiding many hundred
repetitions of the same words by making one explanation of the tables sufficient for all
oyster bars in each county.
Title —At the top of each tabular form is given the legal name of the oyster bar to
be described, and the one by which it is known and designated in the published oyster
records and on the oyster charts. The adopted name of the oyster har is the one used
locally, as nearly as could be ascertained by the hydrographic engineer of the Commis-
sion; and when there was no local name in common use a name was selected from one
of the prominent features of the vicinity that would naturally suggest the section of
the waters where the oyster bar was located.
Underneath the name, in parentheses, is given the general locality of the oyster
bar and the serial number of the “Maryland Oyster Chart”’ on which its legal boundaries
are shown. @
First column.—This column, under the heading of ‘‘Corner of bar,” gives the number
corresponding to the corner of the boundary as shown on the charts and to the number
on the buoy marking the actual corner of the bar. The numbers of the corners have
been assigned by naming the southernmost point No. 1, thence proceeding in a clock-
wise direction around the bar. Where a corner of one oyster bar is identical with
the corner of the boundaries of one or more other oyster bars, only the number of the
corner of the oyster bar being described in the table is given in this column.
Second and third columns.—These two columns, under the headings of “ Latitude”’
and “Longitude,” give the geographic positions of the corners. ‘These positions have
been adopted by the Commission as the primary technical definition of the location of
the corners, and should be considered as final in case of a dispute arising from discrep-
@ These charts can be obtained by application to the Superintendent of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey at Washington, D. C.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 43
ancies caused by other means of location. The latitudes and longitudes given in these
columns are based on the United States standard datum of the Coast and Geodetic
Survey, and the points thus defined can be relocated from distant triangulation stations
of the survey, even though all the landmarks and buoys originally used for their loca-
tion have been destroyed by natural or other causes.
Fourth and fifth columns.—These two columns, under the general heading of ‘‘ True
bearing’’* and the specific headings “Forward”’ and ‘‘Back,”’ give bearings measured
from a true north-and-south line. The three “‘Forward’’ bearings are from the corner
of the boundary designated in the first column to the triangulation stations named on
the corresponding lines in the last column, and the three “Back’’ bearings are from
these same stations in the last column to the corresponding corner of boundary in the
first column. The difference in minutes of arc between the forward and back bearings
shown in some cases is actual and not accidental, and is due to the fact that the com-
putations took into account the spheroidal shape of the earth.
Sixth column.—This column, under the heading of “Distance,” gives the three
computed distances in yards from the corner of the bar noted in the first column to the
three triangulation stations named on the corresponding lines in the last column, and
vice versa.
Seventh column.—Vhis column, under the heading of “U.S. C. & G.S. triangulation
station,’’® gives the names of the landmarks from which were computed the corre-
sponding “‘Iatitude,’”’ “Longitude,” “True bearing,” and “‘Distance’’ of the ‘‘Corner
of the bar’ designated in the first column. A full description of the location and
markings of these triangulation stations is given in another part of this publication
under the heading of ‘‘ Descriptions of triangulation stations.”
)
SURVEYING METHODS FOR RELOCATION OF BOUNDARIES.
There are a number of methods that can be used in the relocation of the actual
boundaries of the natural oyster bars as technically described in this publication and
delineated on the published charts of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the leasing
charts of the Shell Fish Commission.
The following brief descriptions of five of these more or less different methods
assume a certain amount of experience and knowledge on the part of the engineer in
the particular kind of surveying under consideration, and are only intended as reminders
of ways and means that can be used.
There are two problems that are likely to present themselves to those interested in
the boundaries of natural oyster bars: one, to determine whether the buoys marking
the corners have been dragged or otherwise moved from their correct positions, and the
other, to relocate or reestablish a buoy at the point from which it was removed. The
different ways of solving these two problems partly depend upon the instruments
possessed by the engineer and his assistants and partly on his training and experience.
(1) Triangulation.—This method is the one that will give the greatest accuracy,
but on account of its requiring special data and instruments, and being an operation
a@The mean magnetic variation for Charles County was 5° 20’ west of north in 1910 and increasing
at the rate of 4’ yearly.
b Geographic positions of these triangulation stations can be obtained by application to the Super-
intendent of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C.
44 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
rarely used by engineers not engaged in geodetic surveying, it is recommended only for
cases in dispute that can not be settled satisfactorily by some other method. An
explanation of this class of work would be too long for a report of this sort, and those
not familiar with this method are referred to the publications on the subject by the
Coast and Geodetic Survey.
(2) Hydrographic.—This method is the most simple and satisfactory one that can
be adopted if the surveyor can obtain the use of the necessary instruments and assistants.
It is the one best suited for the work of the engineers of the Commission in relocating
corners of boundaries, as it gives results of the accuracy ordinarily required and is rapid
in execution. Besides, it has the advantage of being available whenever three triangu-
lation stations of suitable relative positions are visible from the offshore points needing
relocation.
Most navigators and others familiar with the use of a sextant are well acquainted
with the graphic three-point method of fixing a position on water, and only a brief
description of the operation will be stated.
In the case where there is only one engineer having a single sextant, the three-point
method can be used if the two angles determining the position of a buoy are first derived
from the ‘‘Forward”’ bearings given in the tabular forms describing the boundaries
of the oyster bars. For example, take ‘“Stoddard”’ oyster bar, which is the first one
described ‘in this publication, and assume that ‘‘Corner No. 3,” is to be examined as
to its position. The angle between the two landmarks ‘‘Key’’ and “‘Upper”’ as deter-
mined from right to left from the forward bearings from this corner is 122° 28’ and
the angle between “‘Upper”’ and “Stoddard” is 88° 43’. Having these two angles, the
engineer proceeds to the buoy of doubtful location and measures the actual sextant
angles between the landmarks for which the calculations were made. If the meas-
ured and calculated angles do not agree the buoy is not in its correct position and the
boundary corner must be relocated. This is accomplished by moving the boat about
until a point is reached where the angles do agree, and this point being the desired
location, the buoy can be placed in its correct position.
If the engineer can obtain the use of both a sextant and a three-arm protractor
(“position finder’’), the availability of the hydrographic method is increased, as the use
of the protractor is essential in case of the washing away or destruction of one or more
of the landmarks originally used in describing the boundaries. Under these circum-
stances, any three landmarks of suitable relative position that are visible from the
point to be located can be utilized. For example, the engineer can proceed to the buoy
of doubtful position and measure the two adjacent sextant angles between the three
landmarks selected. ‘These two angles are set off on the three-arm protractor and the
actual position of the buoy plotted on the chart by shifting the protractor about until
the edge of each of the three arms passes through the center of the symbols on the
chart marking the position of the three landmarks selected. ‘The center of the hub of
the protractor will indicate on the chart the actual position of the buoy, and if the
point thus obtained does not coincide with the true position of the corner of the
boundary as given on the chart, the surveyor can proceed to locate the buoy correctly
by reversing the operation. This is done by placing the center point of the hub of the °
protractor over the corner of the boundary in question and measuring on the chart
the two adjacent protractor angles between the three selected landmarks. One of the
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 45
angles thus obtained is set on the sextant and the boat moved about until the two
landmarks are shown by the sextant to subtend the same angle obtained from the
protractor. The second angle is then placed on the sextant and the same operation
gone through, and so on, first using one angle on the sextant then the other until a
point is reached where both observed sextant angles are practically identical with
the protractor angles. The point thus located is the desired one and the buoy can
be placed to mark the true position of the corner of the boundary in question.
If the engineer possesses two sextants and a protractor, this problem is far easier
of solution, as the two angles can be set off on separate sextants and the observer can
quickly find the desired point where they agree with the protractor angles by using one
sextant after the other without the need of resetting either.
If there are two observers, two sextants, and a protractor, it can be seen that the
best conditions for both rapid and accurate hydrographic location of a point is attained.
In fact, this is the method by which the buoys at the corners of the boundaries were
originally placed by the hydrographic engineer to the Commission.
(3) Magnetic bearings from ofjshore—This method of fixing a position on water is
a simple and well-known one in navigation. It is available to anyone having a boat
compass and will be of special use to the State fishery force in investigating cases where
buoys are supposed to have been moved for illegal purposes.
In the case where a buoy is supposed to have been moved from its true position
the observer can take compass bearings to the three landmarks given in the last column of
the tables opposite the boundary corner in question. These bearings are then corrected
for the local declination,® and if the results agree with the published bearings the buoy
is correctly located.
In the case where the buoy is not in its correct position, or has disappeared altogether,
the desired point can be determined by maneuvering the vessel until the corrected bearings
agree with the ones in the tabular descriptions, when the buoy can be anchored jn its
proper location.
In the case where the landmarks, for which the bearings are published, have been
destroyed or washed away, any landmarks whose positions are indicated on the charts
can be used. This can be done by getting their bearings directly from the chart by
parallel rulers or a protractor and then applying these new bearings in the same manner
as the ones published in the tables.
(4) Magnetic bearings from shore —This method will be of special value to engineers
having an ordinary surveyor’s compass. The compass can be set over the point mark-
ing a “triangulation station’’ on shore, the name of which is given in the last column
opposite the “corner” in question. The instrument is then set at the corresponding
“back’’ bearing (corrected for local magnetic declination) given in the fifth column
of the tables opposite the ‘‘corner’’ in question. The direction thus determined will
give one range on which the desired point must be located. The compass can then be
moved to a second triangulation station and another range located in a similar manner.
The intersection of these two range lines will give the desired point; but in general it
should be checked by an additional range line determined from a third station.
@ The mean magnetic variation for Charles County is 5° 20’ west of north in rgro and increasing at
the rate of 4/ yearly.
46 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
(5) Horizontal angles measured at landmarks.—This process is a modification of the
triangulation method, and will be useful to engineers who have a transit and desire
considerable accuracy.
The instrument is placed over a ‘‘triangulation station,’’ the name of which appears
in the last column of the tabular description opposite the “‘corner’”’ in question. ‘The
telescope is then pointed to the landmark indicated in the “‘ Descriptions of landmarks”’
as having a direction of 0° 00’ 00’’ from the triangulation station being occupied by the
transit. The tabular description of the boundaries is next examined and the “‘back”’
bearing of the questionable boundary “corner” from the landmark being occupied is
taken out. The angle calculated from this ‘‘back’’ bearing and the bearing given in
parentheses alongside the zero landmark in the “‘ Descriptions of landmarks”’ is then
set off on the transit and a range line established on which the desired point must be
located. A similar process is then carried on at a second station, and so on until the
position of the buoy is satisfactorily fixed.
BOUNDARIES OF NATURAL OYSTER BARS.
STODDARD.
(Upper Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
Cor- True bearing. |
Tae Latitude. Longitude. | Distance. | U-S- Oe Oa aed
bar. Forward. Back.
° / “/ ° / 4, OFZ | ° / Yards.
I |. -38 21 30.76 | 76 50 51.20 | N 55 14 E S 55 15 W 1,199 Key.
N 87 o9 W S 87 10 E 856 Stoddard.
S 52 52 W N 52 52 E I, 354 Hayden.
2h 38 21 31.00] 76 51 14.34 iN 37 05 W S 3705 E I, 102 Upper.
| N 81 54 W S 81 54 E 244 | Stoddard.
| S 29 24 W N 29 23 E 947 | Hayden.
3 | 38 2m 38.90 | 76 51 14.82 | N 75 46 E S 7546 W ! 1,663} Key.
| N 46 42 W S 46 42 E 896 | Upper.
|S 44 35 W N 44 35 E 326 | Stoddard.
4| 38 2r 38.74 | 76 50 51.60 | N 67 24 E S 67 24 W 1,078 | Key.
| N 64 ot W S 64 or E I, 411 Upper.
| S 74 59 W N 74 59 E 875 | Stoddard.
| Ee
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
WICOMICO LUMPS.
(Upper Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
Cor- | True bearing. A
ae Latitude. Longitude. Distance. | U- 5: eS ee sealant:
bar. Forward. Back.
° 7 I ° y 4 (op ae 1 OF: Yards.
i | 38 2017.64] 76 51 40.36|S 85 05 E N 85 05 W 1, 834 | Fact.
N 15 14 W Si rg) 24) 775 | Burr.
S 54 28 W N 54 27 E 973 | Bowman.
2] 38 20 33.54] 76 52 45.42 | N 17 57 E S 1757 W 1,168 | Hayden.
N 18 07 W S 18 07 E 223 | Burr.
S 30 50 W N 30 50 E 1,284 | Bowman.
3| 38 2x 10.18] 76 50 51.08| S 84 22 E N 84 22 W 897 | Cohouck.
N 49 23 W S 49 24 E 1,131 | Stoddard.
S 83 30 W N 83 29 E 1,090 | Hayden.
Thence along county boundary fe delineated on Chart No. 26 to corner No. 4.
4| 38 20 51.98| 76 50 58.86 | N 64 26 E S 64 26 W 1,218 | Cohouck.
N 60 46 W S 60 46 E 1,004 | Hayden.
S 72 34 W N 7234 E | 1,368 | Burr.
Thence along county boundary as delineated on Chart No. 26 to comer No. 5.
5 | 38 20 20.70 { 76 51 13.00 | N 55 17 W S 55 17 2 I, 132 |. Burr.
S 66 14 W N 66 13 E 1,660 | Bowman.
S$ 7642 E |N 76 42 W 1,132 | Fact.
|
MILLS WEST.
(Upper Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
ae a meee Yards.
I “6 Ig 50. ob 76 51 45.74 | N 207 W S 207 EF 1, 648 | Burr.
| N 62 50 W S 6250E | 729 | Bowman.
S 26 44 E N 26 43 W | 1,156 | Eedling.
2 | 38 20 17. ce ie 51 40.36]S 85 05 E N 85 04 W 1, 834 | Fact.
N 15 14 W S 15 14E 775 | Burr.
S 54 28 W N 54 27 E 973 | Bowman.
3 | 38 20 20.70| 76 51 13.00 | N 55 17 W S 5517 E 1,132 | Burr.
S 66 14 W N 6613 E |, 1,660 | Bowman.
S 76 42 e | N 76 42 W | 1,132 | Fact.
Thence along county boundary as del neated on Chart No. 26 to corner No. 4.
4 | 38 2000.00|/ 76 51 11.88 | N 88 54 W S 8855 E | 1,548 | Bowman.
S 15 50 W N 15 50E I, 392 | Eedling.
N 67 44 E S 67 44 W I, 157 | Fact.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
JOES LUMPS.
(Middle Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
Latitude.
38 19 04. 42
38 9 04. 52
38 Ig II.00
38 19 22. 46
38 19 50.98
38 20 00. 00
Thence along county boundary as delineated on Chart No.
| | |
True bearing.
Longitude. | Distance. | U- S- Sd leat
Forward. Back
° 7 4+ ° ot ° / Yards.
76 50 28.14 | N 78 10 E S 78 11 W g6r | Farr.
N 2 14 W S 21%4E 2,313 | Fact.
S 77 22 W N 77 22 E 1,049 | Gust.
76 51 04.74 | S 12 18 W N 12 18 E 233 | Gust.
N 84 144 E S 84 15 W 1, 923 | Farr.
N 46 57 W S 46 57 E 779 | Eedling.
76 51 12.82 | S 19 58 E N 19 58 W 480 | Gust.
S 89 18 E N 89 17 W 2,128 | Farr.
N 48 33 W S 48 33 E 474 | Eedling.
76 51 17.14 | N 47 25 W S 4726 E | 1,913 | Bowman.
S 73 02 W N 7302 E | 250 | Eedling.
S 18 27 B N 18 27 W 879 | Gust.
76 51 45.74 | N 207 W S 207 E- 1, 648 | Burr.
; N 62 50 W S 62 50 E 729 | Bowman.
S 26 44 E N 26 43 W 1,156 | Eedling.
76 51 11.88 | N 88 54 W S 88 55 E 1,548 Bowman.
S 15 50 W N 15 50E 1,392 | Eedling.
N 67 44 E S 67 44 W 1,157 | Fact.
26 to corner No. 1.
|
WINDMILL.
(Middle Wicomico River—Chart No. 20.)
38 18 13.28
38 18 45. 28
38 18 53.20
38 19 04. 52
38 Ig 04. 42
38 18 24.45
fer ZA ° /
76 50 55.00] S 20 55 H
S 87 33 E
N xr 43 W
76 50 54.30/S 7 28 B
S 68 56 E
N 23 54 W
76 51 04.61 | S 15 43 EB
S 64 37 E
N 725 W
76. 50°57. 30 |S 7 32-
. N 71 28 E
N 59 02 W
76 51 04.74 | S 12 18 W
N 84 14 E
N 46 57 W
76 50 28.14 | N 78 10 E
N 214 W
S 77 22 W
Thence along the county boundary as
76 50 16.82 |S 44 40 W
S 68 42 E
A.
(os
2
/
22
w
oO
Nd Bed Mee See Seg as
ineated on Cha
Yards.
502 Hedney.
2,227 | Lyon.
1,523 | Gust.
1,237 | Hedney.
2,359 | Lyon.
809 | Gust.
1,604 | Hedney.
2,745 | Lyon.
421 | Gust.
1,834 | Hedney. -
1, 809 | Farr.
289 | Gust.
233 | Gust.
1,923 | Farr.
779 | Eedling.
g61 | Farr.
2,313 | Fact.
1,049 | Gust.
rt No. 26 to corner No. 7.
1,189 | Hedney.
1,299 | Lyon.
1,672 | Farr.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
FENWICK.
(Middle Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
49
Cor- True bearing. '
a Latitude. Longitude. Distance, | U- - Cease tuaneula:
bar. Forward. Back.
° / 4/ ° / / ° / ° / Yards.
I | 38 17 55-86 | 76 50 36.14 | N 69 46 W S 69 46 E 343 | Hedney.
S 14 00 E N 14 00 W 1,227 | Charles.
N 74 04 E S 74 04 W 1,792 | Lyon.
2| 38 18 13.28| 76 50 55.00| S 20 55 E N 20 55 W 502 | Hedney.
S 87 33 E N 87 32 W 2,227 | Lyon.
N 11 43 W S 11 43 E I, 523 | Gust.
3 | 38 18 24.45] 76 50 16.82 | S 44 40 W N 44 39 E 1,189 | Hedney.
S 68 42 E N 68 42 W 1,299 | Lyon.
N 22 31 E S 22 31 W 1,672 | Farr.
Thence along the county boundary as delineated on Chart No. 26 to corner No. 4.
4] 38 17 55-98 | 76 50 08.16 | N 63 31 E S 63 32 W 1,095 | Lyon.
N 83 52 W S 83 52 E 1,072 | Hedney.
S 20 30 W N 20 30 E 1,275 | Charles.
WICOMICO MIDDLE GROUND.
(Middle Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
Ons “Mt CL TL: Os o 7 Yards. |
I | 38 17 26.40] 76 49 42.82 | S 68 36 E N 68 35 W 1,357 | Weiss.
Nir 40 E S 11 40 W 1,520 | Lyon.
S 80 or W N 80 00 E 1,137 | Charles.
2| 38 17 31.78 | 76 5025.60} S 2 32 E INGE 253 21, 379 | Charles.
N47 54 E S 47 55 W 1,945 | Lyon.
N 32 54 W S 32 54 E 1,108 | Hedney.
3) 38 17 55.86] 76 50 36.14 | N 69 46 W S 69 46 E 343 | Hedney.
S 14 00 E N 14 00 W I, 227 | Charles.
N 74 04 E S 74 04 W 1,792 | Lyon.
4| 38 17 55-98 | 76 50 08.16 | N 63 31 E S 63 32 W 1,095 | Lyon.
N 83 52 W S 83 52 E 1,072 | Hedney.
S 20 30 W N 20 30 E I, 275 | Charles.
Thence along county boundary as delineated on Chart No. 26 to corner No. r.
|
77572114
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
50
CHARLESTON CREEK.
(Middle Wicomico River—Chart No. 20.)
= —- = ——— eee
Cor- True bearing. / / p
a Latitude. Longitude. | Distance. | U- 5: f& S. 5 Soeumar
bar. Forward Back. |
°o id af ° / 4/ ° 4 ° / Yards.
1 | 38 16 45.98 | 76150:04.48|S 3 51 EB N 351 W 697 | Hard.
N 64 45 E S 6445 W | 2,033 | Weiss.
N 25 02 W S 2503 E | 1,286} Charles.
2 38 17 10.08 | 76 50 04. 50 S 248 B N 148 W | _ 1,508 | Hard.
} N 88 17 E S 88 18 W | 1,84x | Weiss.
N 57 o1 W S 57 or E 649 | Charles.
3 | 38 17 26.40] 76 49 42.82 |S 68 36 E N 68 35 W | I, 357 | Weiss.
| N 11 40 E S 11 40 W | 1,520 | Lyon.
S 80 or W N 80 00 E 1,137 | Charles.
Thence along county boundary as delineated on Chart No. 26 to corner No. 4.
4) 38 16 55.66 | 76 49 32.82 | N 6x 3x |S 6: 32 W | 1,133 | Weiss.
N 58 48 W S 58 49 E 1,621 | Charles.
| S 3753 W | N 37 53 E 1,294 | Hard.
ae es ee E: aici eh Se Se
LANCASTER.
(Lower Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
(oe AE | Oo L S- ° 7 ° / Yards.
1 | 38 16 26.20| 76 49 48.82 | S 73 19 E N 73 18 W 2,146 |. Prec.
N 42 50 E S 42 51 W 2,093 | Weiss.
S 85 37 W | N 85 37 E 371 | Hard.
2| 38 16 30.22! 76 50 04.42 |S 15 25 E JN ts25 WW 170 | Hard.
. | N 52 43 B |S 52 44 W 2,310 | Weiss.
| N 17 50 W ‘S 17 51 B 1,783. Charles.
| |
3| 38 16 45.98 | 76 5004.48|/S 3 52 B |N 3 51 W 697 | Hard.
| N 64 45 E | S 64 45 W 2,033 | Weiss.
| N 25 o2 W S 25 03 B 1,286 Charles.
|
|
4 | 38 16 55.66 | 76 49 32.82 | N 61 31 E |S 6r 32 W I, 133 |. Weiss.
| | N 58 48 W S 58 49 E 1,621 | Charles.
|S 37 53 W N 37 53 E 1,294 Hard.
Thence along the county boundary as delineated in Chart No. 26 to corner No. 5.
5 | 38 16 34.94 | 76 49 13.42 |S 5045 E | N 50 45 W I, 442 | Prec.
N 67 32 E S 67 32 W 1,791 Blakistone.
S 21 15 W 1,330 Weiss.
|NarisE_ |
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
ROCK POINT.
(Lower Wicomico River—Chart No. 26.)
51
Gam True bearing. :
a Latitude. Longitude. Distance. | U- ©: SES CS nea:
bar- Forward. | Back.
Oe he 4/ ° / 4/ ° / Ons: Yards.
qr | 38 15 53.62 | 76 49 54.98 | N 77 43 E S 77 43 W 2,271 | Prec.
N 10 53 W S ro 53 E 1,090 | Hard.
S 47 24 W N 47 24 E 944 | Corner.
2| 38 15 53-70] 76 50 09.30|S 2608 W | N 26 08 B 727 | Corner.
N 79 31 E -|S 79 32 W 2,644 | Prec.
N 9 18 E S 9 18 W 1,082 | Hard.
3] 38 15 56.62 | 76 50 23.00|S 3 53 E iN 353 W 744 | Corner.
N 82 39 E - | S 82 40 W 2,991 | Prec.
N 29 10 E |S 29 10 W 1,110 Hard.
4] 38 15 56.19 | 76 50 26.80) S 11 4o BE N 11 40 W 743 | Corner.
N 82 38 E S 82 39 W 3,091 | Prec.
N 33 03 S 33 04 W 1,173 | Hard.
5 | 38 15 58.92 | 76 50 26.82 |S ro 24 EB N 10 24 W 834 | Corner.
N 84 20 E S 84 22 W 3,081 | Prec.
N 35 42 E S 35 42 W 1,098 | Hard.
6 | 38 16 00.00} 76 5018.76/S 417 W N 427 E 857 | Corner.
N 84 39 E S 84 40 W 2,864 | Prec.
| N 26 30 E S 26 30 W 956 | Hard.
7| 38 16 20.60} 76 50 or.98| S 18 13 W N 18 13 E 1, 632 | Corner.
|S 79 54 # N 79 53 W 2,443 | Prec.
N 659 W S 659 E 162 | Hard.
8] 38 16 26.20] 76 49 48.82 |S 73 19 E N 73 18 W 2,146 | Prec.
N 42 50 E S 42 51 W 2,093 | Weiss.
|S 85 37 W N 85 37 E 371 | Hard.
|
9 | 38 16 34.94 | 76 49 13.42 |S 50 45 E N 50 45 W 1,442 | Prec.
| N 67 32 E S 67 32 W 1,791 | Blakistone.
| N 2115 E S 21 15 W I, 330 | Weiss.
to | 38 16 or.56 | 76 49 33.97 | N 82 38 E S 82 39 W I, 675 | Prec.
| N 43 36 W S 43 36 E 1,108 | Hard.
| S 54 07 W N 54 07 E I, 550 | Corner.
52 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
SHIPPING POINT.
(Lower Wicomico River—Chart No. 20.)
Cor- | | True bearing.
mG | Latitude. | Longitude. Distance, | U- pee Diangla,
bar, Forward. Back,
ae Bhs nin |
| ° / 4/ ° / TAA ° 7, ° / Yards.
I | 38 15 26.96 | 76 49 47.60 | N 73 48 W S 73 49 E 930 Corner.
SR ge 15 N 855 W 1, 830 / Cobb Point Bar Light.
S 65 57 E N 65 57 W 1,858 | St. Margaret 2.
2| 3815 28.40 | 76 50 12.00 'S 26 40 E N 26 40 W 2,078 | Cobb Point Bar Light.
|S: 71 03 B N 71 02 W 2,480 | St. Margaret 2.
| N 49 15 W S 49 15 E 322 Corner.
3| 38 15 42.76 | 76 49 57-94|N 5 03 W S 503 E 1,441 Hard.
S 6604W (|N604E | 676 Corner.
1S 33 25 2 N 13 25 W | 2,406 Cobb Point Bar Light.
4| 38 15 53.70 | 76 50 09.30|S 26 08 W N 26 08 E 717. Corner.
| N 79 31 E S 7932 W | 2,644 | Prec.
N 9 i E S 9 13 W 1,082 Hard.
5 | 38 r5 53.62 | 76 49 54.98! N 77 43 E S 77 43 W 2,271 | Prec.
N ro 53 W S 10 53 E 1,090 Hard.
| S 47 24 W N 47°24 E 944 Corner.
6} 38 15 45.40] 76 49 40.46 | N 67 30 E S 67 31 W 1,985 Prec.
N 23 43 W |S 23 43 E 1,471 | Hard.
S 71 27 W | N 71 27 B 1,142 Corner.
| —_ _ a
COBB POINT.
(Lower Wicomico River—Chart No. 20.)
° / a ° / 4 te) / ° / Yards.
I| 38 14 32.61 |! 76 49 24.30 | N 45 04 S 45 05 W 1,522 | St. Margaret 2.
35 52 1S 35 53 E 2,580 Corner.
85 52 S 85 52 E 337. Cobb Point Bar Light.
81 08 W 3,285 St. Catherine.
53 23 W 1,762 St. Margaret 2.
29 39 E 2,379 | Corner.
2 | 38 14 33-33 | 76 49 36:93
5 W 467 Cobb Point Bar Light.
64 49 W 2,035 St. Margaret 2.
E 2,030 Corner.
3) 38 14 38.79 | 76 49 53.05
4 | 38 15 00.00; 76 50 16.60 33 W 1,386 Cobb Point Bar Light. ©
86 29 W 2,473 | St. Margaret 2.
E
1,173 Corner.
S
S
Shh shh shh san
H
x
nN
nN
best
5 | 38 15 00.00] 76 49 47. 48 | 22 W 940 | Cobb Point Bar Light.
84 54 W 1,701 St. Margaret a.
30 E
1,471 | Corner.
ZZnH AZAH AZZHW ZAHW 2zZ
e
xo)
DOZ ONZ NHAZ On
N
=
fe}
|
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
> TEAGUE.
(Upper Patuxent River—Chart No. 20.)
53
Cor- True bearing.
ot Latitude. Longitude. 2 : a) Distance. | U- 5: Coe Cp nangula
ar. orwar ack.
° / tf ° / sf ° / ° / Yards.
1} 38 3r 26.32 | 76 40 15.01 | N 74 28 E |S 74 29 W » 1,750 | Buena.
N 4012 W |S 4012 E 408 | Teague.
Sx3.24 W | N 13) 24 2 I, 222 | City.
2| 38 31 47.57 |- 76 40 25.32 |S x 23 E N 1 23 W. 405 | Teague.
S 82 47 E N 82 46 W 1,974 | Buena.
N 23 49 E S 23 49 W 1, 208 | Leitch.
3} 38 32 41.00] 76 40 05.60/}S 88 56 E N 88 56 W | 1,436 | Buena.
N 128 W S 1288 1,328 | Leitch.
S 7o 21 W N 7o 21 E 545 | Teague.
4] 38 31 31.00 | 76 40 00.50] N 76 34 E S 76 35 W I, 337 | Buena.
N 5 48 W © 548E 1, 673 | Leitch.
N 76 37 W S 76 38 E 666 | Teague.
3 §
ELBOW.
(Upper Patuxent River—Chart No. 20.)
° / 4 ° J 4/ ° Me | ° / Yards.
Z| 38 3% r1.40| 76 40 07.18| N 3001 W |S 30 o2 E 942 | Teague
S 35 30 W N 35 30 E 844 | City.
S22) Oe Nz OW 1,346 | Hallowing.
2 | 38 31 21.38 | 76 40 07.64|N 6655 E |S 66 56 W 1,620 | Buena.
| N 43 48 W S 43 48 E 663 | Teague.
S 25 o2 W N 25 o2 E I, 131 | City.
3 | 38 3m 23.96 | 76 39 59. 32 || N 66.36 EF S 66 37 W I, 383 | Buena.
N 6002 W |S 6003E | 784 | Teague.
S 3210 W | N 32 10 E | 1,312 | City.
4 | 38 3r 15.42 | 76 39 58.63 | N 56 15 E S 56 16 W 1,505 | Buena
[N45 45W |S 4545 E 973 | Teague
|S 4107 W | WN 4t o7 E 1,090 | City.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
o4
CARPENTERS YARD.
(Upper Patuxent River—Chart No. 26.)
Cor ‘True bearing.
mr | Latitude. Longitude. | ~ Distance.
bar. Forward. Back.
° / 4/ ° / 4/ ° / ° / Yards:
x | 38 30 14.21 | 76 40 28. 3219 59 32 EB N59 32 W I, 260
| N 54 22 E 1S 54 23 W I, O51
N 54 57 W S 5457 E 494
2| 38 30 14.56| 76 40 37.12 |S 63 45 E N 63 44 W 1,471
: N 61 02 E S 61 03 W I, 240
| N 32 13 W 532003 8r 322
|
3 | 38 30 24.62 | 76 qo 38.64] N 76 57 E |S 76 58 W 1,158
N2r05 E |S 21 o5 W 954
S 6254 W |N 62 54 E 148
|
4 | 38 30 39.94 | 76.40 25.60|S 71 56 E | N 72 56 W 822
N o 24 W 5 0248 373
|S 39 33 W | N 39 18 E 752
5 | 38 30 29.62 | 76 40 20.02 | N 81 39 E |S 81 40 W 641
Nir 47 W |S 11 48 E 736
| S 6919 W |N 6919 E 667
| |
6 | 38 30 24. 08 | 76 40 27.79 | N 71 36 E |S 71 37 W 886
NG ep 1 US epee WY gto
S) N
.
oo
a
iS]
fo)
oo
oo
tn
°
be |
a
nN
U.S.C. & G. S. triangula-
tion station.
Dwarf.
_ Hallowing.
Indian.
Dwarf.
Hallowing.
Indian.
| Hallowing.
City.
Indian.
Hallowing.
City.
Indian,
Hallowing.
City.
Indian.
Hallowing.
City.
Indian.
AU ER NDA Se
AppeNnDIx A.—LAWS RELATING TO THE COOPERATION OF THE COAST AND GEODETIC
SURVEY AND BUREAU OF FISHERIES WITH THE MARYLAND SHELL FISH COM-
MISSION.
The work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries, in cooperation with
the Maryland Shell Fish Commission, in surveying the oyster bars, establishing permanent landmarks
at triangulation stations, and preparing for publication the necessary charts and technical and legal
descriptions of boundaries and landmarks shown on these charts, has been executed in compliance with
a request from the governor of the State of Maryland to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and by
the authority of the following laws of the United States and Maryland:
[Act of Congress approved May 26, 1906.]
AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of Commerce and Labor to cooperate, through the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey
and the Bureau of Fisheries, with the shellfish commissioners of the State of Maryland in making surveys of the natural
oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed,
upon the request of the governor of the State of Maryland, to designate such officers, experts, and
employees of the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey and of the Bureau of Fisheries as may be
necessary to cooperate with the Maryland State board of shellfish commissioners in making a survey
of and locating the natural oyster beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland;
and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby authorized and directed to furnish to the officers,
experts, and employees of said Bureaus so detailed as aforesaid such instruments, appliances, and
steam launches as may be necessary to make the survey aforesaid; and the Secretary of Commerce
and Labor is hereby authorized to have made in the Bureau of the Coast and Geodetic Survey all the
plats necessary to show the results of the aforesaid survey and the locations of the said natural oyster
beds, bars, and rocks in the waters within the State of Maryland, and to furnish to the board of shell-
fish commissioners of the State of Maryland such copies as may be necessary, and for this purpose
to employ, in the District of Columbia and elsewhere, such technically qualified persons as may be
necessary to carry out the purpose of this act.
Sec. 2. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor is hereby further authorized to have erected
or constructed by the officers so detailed as aforesaid, while making such survey, such structures as
may be necessary to mark the points of triangulation, so that the same may be used for such future
work of the Coast and Geodetic Survey as the said Bureau may be hereafter required to perform in
prosecuting the Government coast survey of the navigable waters of the United States located within
the State of Maryland.
Sec. 4. That this act shall take effect from the date of its passage.
[Act of Congress approved June 30, 1906.]
AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and seven, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein-
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven, namely: *°* *
55
56 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
Coast AND GEopETIC SuRVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including the
expenditures authorized under Public Act Numbered One hundred and eighty-one, approved May
twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and six, and contingent expenses incident thereto, five thousand dollars,
together with the unexpended balance under this appropriation for nineteen hundred and six and
prior years which is hereby reappropriated and made available on this account for the fiscal year
nineteen hundred and seven. * * *
{Act of Congress approved March 4, 1907.]
AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and eight, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein-
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eight, namely: * * *
Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses
of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, to be immediately available
and to continue available until expended, twenty-five thousand dollars. * * *
[Act of Congress approved May 27, 1908.)
AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and nine, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein-
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and nine, namely: * * *
Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses
of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, which expenses, including cost
of plats and charts, shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars in any one year, to be immediately avail-
able, twenty thousand dollars.
[Act of Congress approved March 4, 1909.]
AN ACT Making appropriation for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and ten, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein-
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and ten, namely: * * *
Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses
of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, which expenses, including cost
of plats and charts, shall not exceed fifteen thousand dollars in any one year, to be immediately avail-
able, twenty thousand dollars.
[Act of Congress approved June 25, ror0.]
AN ACT Making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen
hundred and eleven, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the following sums be, and the same are hereby, appropriated, for the objects herein-
after expressed, for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and eleven, namely: * * *
Coast AND GEODETIC SURVEY: * * * For any special surveys * * * including expenses
of surveys in aid of the shellfish commission of the State of Maryland, to be immediately available
fifteen thousand dollars. ;
; Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 7
[Act of the Legislature of Maryland approved April 2, 1906.)
AN ACT To establish and promote the industry of oyster culture in Maryland, to define and mark natural oyster beds, bars
and rocks lying under the waters of this State, to prescribe penalties for the infringement of the provisions of this Act,
and) ane
SEcTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the following sections be, and
they are hereby, added to article 72 of the Code of Public General Laws, title “Oysters.” * * *
Sec. 86. The Board of Shell Fish Commissioners shall, as soon as practicable after the passage of
this Act, cause to be made a true and accurate survey of the natural oyster beds, bars and rocks of
this State, said survey to be made with reference to fixed and permanent objects on the shore, giving
courses and distances, to be fully described and set out in a written report of said survey, as hereinafter
required. A true and accurate delineation of the same shall be made on copies of published maps and
charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey, which said copies shall be filed in the office of
the said commissioners in the city of Annapolis, and the said commissioners shall further cause to be
delineated upon copies of the published maps and charts of the United States coast and geodetic survey,
of the largest scale, one copy for each of the counties of this State in the waters of which there are
natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, all natural beds, bars and rocks lying within the waters of such
county, which maps shall be filed in the offices of the clerks of the Circuit Court for the respective
counties wherein the grounds so designated may lie. * * *
SkEc. 87. The Governor of this State is hereby requested to ask the assistance of the United States
coast and geodetic survey, and of the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid in the carrying out of
the provisions of the preceding section.
* * * * * * * *
Sec. 89. As soon as practicable after the first day of April, 1906, the said commissioners shall
organize, arid shall at once proceed, with the assistance of such person or persons as may be detailed by
the United States coast and geodetic survey and the United States Fish Commissioner, to aid them
in their work, and of such persons as may be appointed under the preceding section, to have laid out,
surveyed and designated on the said charts, the natural beds and bars, and shall cause to be marked
and defined as accurately as practicable the limits and boundaries of the natural beds, bars, and rocks
as established by said survey, and they shall take true and accurate notes of said survey in writing,
and make an accurate report of said survey, setting forth such a description of landmarks as may be
necessary to enable the said board, or their successors, to find and ascertain the boundary lines of the
said natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, as shown by a delineation on the maps and charts provided
in this Act; said report shall be completed and filed in the office of the board in the city of Annapolis
within ninety days after the completion of the survey of any county. Said commissioners shall cause
the same to be published in pamphlet form, and transmit copies of the said to the Clerks of the Circuit
court for the respective counties, where the charts have been filed or directed to be filed as hereinafter
provided; the said report to be filed by the clerks of the several counties in a book kept for that purpose.
And the said survey and report, when filed, subject to the right of appeal hereafter provided forin this Act,
shall be taken in all of the courts of this State as conclusive evidence of the boundaries and limits
of all natural oyster beds, bars and rocks, lying within the waters of the county wherein such survey and
report are filed, and shall be construed to mean in all of the said courts that there are no natural
oyster beds, bars or rocks lying within the waters of the counties wherein such report and survey are
filed other than those embraced in the survey authorized by this Act, and that all areas of the Chesa-
peake Bay and its tributaries within the State of Maryland, not shown in the survey to be natural
oyster beds, bars or rocks shall be construed in all the courts of the State to be barren bottoms and
open for disposal by the State for the purpose of private planting or propagation of oysters thereon
under the provisions of this Act; provided, that the said survey and report shall not be construed as to
affect in any manner the holdings by citizens of this State in any lot which may have been appro-
priated or taken up under the laws of this State prior to the approval of this Act.
58 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
The law of the State of Maryland, passed March 9, 1842, authorizing officers of the United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey to enter upon the lands within the State limits for the purposes of the
survey, is as follows:
AN ACT Concerning the Survey of the Coast of Maryland.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That it shall and may be lawful for
any person or persons employed under and by virtue of an act of the Congress of the United States,
* * * at any time hereafter to enter upon lands within this State for the purpose of exploring, sur-
veying, triangulating, or leveling, or doing any other matter or thing which may be necessary to effect
the objects of said act, and to erect any works, stations, buildings, or appendages requisite for that
purpose, doing no unnecessary injury to private or other property.
Sec. 2.4 And be it enacted, That in case the person or persons employed under the act of Congress
aforesaid, can not agree with the owners or possessors of the land so entered upon and used as to the
amount of damage done thereto by reason of the removal of fences, cutting of trees or injury to the
crop or crops growing on the same, it shall and may be lawful for the said parties or either of them to
apply to the chief justice for the time being or one of the associate judges of the judicial district in
which such land may be situated, who shall thereupon appoint three disinterested and judicious free-
holders, residents of the same judicial district, to proceed with as much despatch as possible to the
examination of the matter in question, and the faithful assessment of the damages sustained by the
owners or possessors aforesaid, and the said freeholders or a majority of them, having first taken and
subscribed an oath or affirmation before the chief or associate justice aforesaid or other person duly
authorized to administer the same, that they will well and truly examine and assess as aforesaid, and
having given five days’ notice to both parties of the time of their meeting, shall proceed to the spot, and
then and there upon their own view and if required, upon the evidence of witnesses (to be by them
sworn or affirmed and examined), shall assess the said damages, and shall afterward make report thereof
and of their proceedings in writing under their hands and seals and file the same within five days
thereafter in the office of the clerk of the county in which the land aforesaid is situated, subject to
an appeal by either party to the county court of the said county within ten days after filing as afore-
said, and the said report so made as aforesaid if no appeal as aforesaid be taken, shall be held to be
final and conclusive as between the said parties, and the amount so assessed and reported shall be
paid to the said owners or possessors of the land so damaged within twenty days after the filing of said
report, and the said chief or associate justice as aforesaid, shall have authority to tax and allow
upon the filing of said report, such costs, fees and expenses to the said freeholders for the performance
of their duty as he shall think equitable and just, which allowance shall be paid by the person or persons
employed under the act of congress aforesaid, within the time last above limited, but if an appeal as
aforesaid be taken, the case shall be set down for hearing at the first term of county court aforesaid,
ensuing upon and after appeal, and it shall be lawful for either party immediately after the entry of
such appeal, to take out summons for such witnesses as may be necessary to be examined upon the
hearing aforesaid, and the said court shall have power in its discretion to award costs against which
ever the final judgment shall be entered, and such appeal at the option of either party may and shall
be heard before and the damage assessed by a jury of twelve men to be taken from the regular panel
and elected as in other cases.
Sec. 3. And be it enacted, That if any person or persons shall wilfully injure or deface or remove
any signal, monument or building or any appendage thereto, erected, used or constructed under and
by virtue of the act of congress aforesaid, such person or persons so offending shall severally forfeit and
pay the sum of fifty dollars with costs of suit to be sued for and recovered by any person who shall first
prosecute the same before any justice of the peace of the county where the person so offending may
reside, and shall also be liable to pay the amount of damages thereby sustained, to be recovered with
costs of suit in an action on the case, in the name and for the use of the United States of America,
in any court of competent jurisdiction.
@ Under the rulings of the Comptroller of the Treasury no damages can be collected except through
the United States Court of Claims unless an agreement has been made in advance.
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 59
_AppENDIX B.—THE HAMAN OYSTER CULTURE LAW.
: [Extract from Second Report of Shell Fish Commission ]
OBJECT.
“The legislature in placing chapter 711 of the acts of 1906, better known as the Haman Oyster
Culture Law, upon the statute books of Maryland, had a twofold object in view:
1. To encourage an industry in oyster culture upon the barren bottoms beneath the tidewaters of the
State.
2. To prevent the leasing of natural oyster bars for the purpose of oyster culture.’’
SURVEY.
“To make the leasing of barren bottoms possible and the leasing of natural bars impossible, pro-
vision was made for a survey of the natural bars for the purpose of accurately locating and marking the
same. It was definitely provided that no barren bottoms should be leased in any part of the State
until the natural bars of that region had been surveyed, charted, and marked with buoys.”’
DEFINITION OF A NATURAL OYSTER Bar.
NATURAL BAR NOT DEFINED.
“The Shell Fish Commission is instructed by section go of the Haman Oyster Culture Law to
exercise its judgment liberally in favor of the natural bars when surveying, charting and buoying them,
but other than this the Commission is uninstructed in this important matter. The responsibility of
defining a natural bar is placed upon the Commission.”’
DIVERSITY OF OPINION.
“No definition of a natural oyster bar could be formulated by any man or body of men which would
meet with the approval of all parties concerned. Oystermen, as a rule, hold that all bottoms where
oysters grow or have grown naturally even though now practically barren of oysters should be considered
natural bars. Other citizens of the State who are not directly interested in the oyster business, but
interested in the oyster industry from the standpoint of revenue, hold, as a rule, that no bottoms should
be excluded from leasing for oyster culture which, by methods known to oyster culturists, may be
made to yield a greater number of oysters than they now produce.”’
“Tt should be evident to every one that neither of these definitions could be adopted by the Com-
mission as a working basis for determining which of the grounds surveyed are natural oyster bars.’’
THE GOLDSBOROUGH DEFINITION.
The definition of a natural oyster bar which very nearly approaches a reasonable and satisfactory
compromise between the views of the subject held by oystermen on one hand and by oyster culturists
on the other is that contained in an opinion rendered by Judge Charles F. Goldsborough in the circuit
court for Dorchester County in the July term, 1881, in the case of William T. Windsor and George R.
Todd v. Job T. Moore.
This definition has been adopted by the Shell Fish Commission as the basis for the determination
of the status of the various oyster bottoms surveyed and is as follows:
What then is a natural bar or bed of oysters? It would be a palpable absurdity for the State to
attempt to promote the propagation and growth of oysters and to encourage its citizens, by a grant of
land, to: engage in their culture, if the lands authorized to be taken up were only those upon which
oysters do not and can not be made to grow. That there may be lands covered by water in the State
where no oysters can be found, but where, if planted, they could be cultivated successfully, may be
possible, but, if so, I imagine that their extent must be too limited for them to be of much practical,
general advantage for the purposes of such a law as the one under discussion; but there are thousands
of acres of hard and shifting sands where oysters not only are not found, but where it would be folly
to plant them, and these latter it can not be supposed that the State intended to offer to give away,
for the simple reason that the State could not help knowing that nobody would have them.
60 Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
Upon the other hand there are large and numerous tracts where oysters of natural growth may
be found in moderate numbers, but not in quantities sufficient to make it profitable to catch them,
and yet where oysters may be successfully planted and propagated. In my opinion these can not be
called natural bars or beds of oysters, within the meaning of the Act of Assembly, and it is just such
lands as these that the State meant to allow to be taken up under the provisions of the above-mentioned
section of the Act.
But there is still another class of lands where oysters grow naturally and in large quantities and
to which the public are now and have been for many years in the habit of resorting with a view to
earning a livelihood by catching this natural growth, and here, I think, is the true test of the whole
question. Land can not be said to be a natural oyster bar or bed merely because oysters are scattered
here and there upon it, and because if planted they will readily live and thrive there; but whenever
the natural growth is so thick and abundant that the public resort to it for a livelihood, it is a natural
oyster bar or bed and comes within the above-quoted restriction in the law, and can not be located or
appropriated by any individual.
APPLICATION OF DEFINITION.
Before this definition may be of use in determining, accurately and scientifically, the status of an
oyster ground, its central idea, “‘livelihood,’’ must be expanded into accurately determinable factors,
and these factors must be combined into a practical scheme of investigating the condition of the ground
under consideration.
Stated briefly, a livelihood is represented by a sum of money obtained from the sale, at a fixed price,
of a certain quantity of oysters gathered in a given time from an allotted area of ground.
Knowing the value of each of these factors it becomes possible to calculate the number of oysters
an oyster ground must produce per square yard in order that oystermen may secure a livelihood by
working upon it.
Note.—The factors into which the Commission resolved the livelihood problem, the valyg assigned
to each factor, and the scheme devised for practical use in examining and applying the abate to
oyster bottoms are given in outline in their second report under the heading of the preceding extract,
and in detail in their first report on pages 32 to 69.
AppENDIxX C.—SUMMARY OF THE PARTICULAR SURVEYING OPERATIONS WHICH CON-
STITUTE AN “OYSTER SURVEY” AS NOW BEING CARRIED ON IN MARYLAND.
“
Explanation.—A brief account of the particular surveying operations which constitute an “oyster
survey’’ as now being carried on in Maryland will assist in the interpretation of records contained in
the technical part of this report, and will be of interest to many who may not understand the necessity
for the great amount of work being done or its complicated character.
To those familiar with methods used in surveying and charting the characteristic features of large
bodies of water there is an evident necessity for the various operations performed, especially when it
is known that the boundaries of the public oyster bars and of the private lots leased for purposes of
oyster culture must be surveyed and charted with the greatest practical accuracy. To others it will
be sufficient to state that the actual experience gained from oyster surveys in other States has proven
that in order to avoid endless dissatisfaction and litigation it is necessary to accurately locate and per-
manently establish oyster boundaries as is now being done in Maryland.
Triangulation survey.—Such refinement of survey work as that demanded by the conditions of an
oyster survey when carried on at considerable distances offshore can only be obtained by the use of
a system of triangulation as a framework or foundation. ‘Therefore, a triangulation survey including
the permanent marking of the positions of landmarks with monuments and a record of the descriptions
of their locations for future recovery is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey.
Topographic survey.—The technical records which establish the relation between the offshore
oyster boundaries and triangulation landmarks are sufficient for the requirements of engineers in making
resurveys, but do not supply the needs of others who are interested in the same boundaries by reason
of their occupation as oystermen concerned as to the public oyster bars, or oyster culturists concerned
as to the leasable bottoms. For these it is necessary to have the charts of the survey show the relation
of the shore line and other topographic features to the boundaries of the public oyster bars and private
oyster farms. ‘Therefore, a topographic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md. 61
Hydrographic survey.—iIn the settlement of the important question of what is, or what is not, a
natural oyster bar, and in the consideration of bottoms to be selected for purposes of oyster culture,
information as to the depth of water and the character of the bottom is required. Therefore, a hydro-
graphic survey is a necessary operation of a complete oyster survey.
Necessary foundation for an oyster survey.—Consequently, the necessary components of a satis-
factory foundation for a complete oyster survey are the three classes of survey operations technically
named triangulation, topography, and hydrography, or, stated in another way, the foundation of a
practical oyster survey includes the surveying operations usually followed by the Coast and Geodetic
Survey leading up to the preparation and publication of nautical charts.
Special surveys and investigations pertaining to oysters —Having obtained this cartographic survey
for a foundation, partly by new work and partly from records of previous work of the Government,
the combined operations? making up an “‘oyster survey’’ are completed by superimposing on this
foundation special surveys and investigations pertaining particularly to oysters or other shell fish.
The special surveys pertaining to oysters furnish information as to the location and outline of oyster-
shell bottoms, and are carried on by the sounding boat party in addition to the usual hydrographic
work.5 This operation consists of the observation and record of the character of vibration of a wire
and chain apparatus which is dragged over the bottom, the vibrations or lack of vibrations indicating
the presence and quantity of shells or absence of shells.
The special oyster investigations © consist of the actual determination of the kind and quantity of
oysters on the bottom, and such economic and biological studies of the supply of oyster food, density
of water, character of the bottom, and other important matters as affect the growth of oysters. In this
work the oyster investigation stations are located and buoyed by the hydrographic party while engaged
in the survey of the oyster-shell limits. They are selected with the view of obtaining characteristic
data which can be used for the interpretation of the recorded vibrations of the chain apparatus at all
other points covered by the survey.
Preparation of results—The actual surveying operations and oyster investigations having been
completed for any one county, there still remains technical work of nearly equal magnitude to that
described.@ This work consists of the preparation of charts and technical descriptions of boundaries
and landmarks for publication by the Government, the preparation of that part of the annual report of
the Commission covering the special oyster surveys and investigations, the making of the leasing charts
and finished projections, and finally the filing of the oyster charts and records with the courts and the
Commission, thus opening a county for oyster culture.
Summary.—From the foregoing account it can be seen that a complete oyster survey properly
conducted so as to answer all practical requirements of the present and permanency of results for the
future is a very complicated affair, involving many lines of surveying and other scientific work, and
requiring the professional services of experts in the various operations of cartographic surveying and
shell-fish investigations.
a See Appendix D of this publication for “Statistics of results of combined operations of the Govern-
ment and State.”
bSee pages 104 to 123 of ‘‘ First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission.”’
¢ See pages 30 to 67 and 129 to 199 of ‘‘ First Annual Report of Maryland Shell Fish Commission.’’
@ No mention is made here of the large amount of administrative work of the Commission, which is
greatly complicated and increased by the effect of the oyster-survey operations on many thousands of
people whose interests are more or less involved; or of the large amount of survey work involved in the
survey and record of the boundaries of oyster lots leased from the State by private individuals for the
purposes of oyster culture.
4%
Survey of Oyster Bars, Charles County, Md.
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COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY
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CHARLES COUNTY bk
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MARYLAND
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To accompany report of work of United States
7
Coast and Geodetic Survey in cooperation 4 AF
with the Maryland Shell Fish Commission /~
/
1910
Notes Area covered by Chart
No. 19a. ia printed on this
tection of Chart No.]9.and
is aleo shown on uBichart oni Chart |
No. 26
CHART No.26
© Landmarks Coast Survey Triangulation Stations
— — — Waters contiguous to county
—~———~ Waters within territorial limits of county
Limits of projections on file at Washington
Limits of charts published by Coast and Geodetic Survey
Scale s0000
Statute Mes
hi o 2 z
jautical Miles
t o ry 2
Kilometers
———
: 3 .
Note: Area covered by Chart
No.}0a ts printed on this section
of Chart No. 26
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