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^miitj: ^tclb^eological ^octet^*

SUSSEX

arcijaeological Collerttons,

ILLrsTRATlNO TFIB

HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OP THE COUNTY.

(fflt SuBSn 9rriiae[ilo0ical SocittB.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,
Vi, OLD COMPTON STREET, SOHO SQUARE.

691821

• ? : : • •;

• • I

• •

•••

AKLI8S AND TUOKBKy PKINTBK8,
VB.ITH fTmUT, SOKO IQUAllX.

CONTENTS.

PAOX

Report of the Committee . . . . . vii

Rules of the Society ........ zii

List of Members . . . . . . . xiii

1. Documents relating to Knepp Castle. Collected by the Rev. John Sharpe, late

Curate of Shipley, and communicated by Sir Charles Merrik Bukrell,
Bart., M.P. . . . . . . . • . 1

2. On an Ancient Rectory-House in the Parish of West Dean. With some

Remarks on the Church. By the Rev. George Miles Cooper. With four
Lithographs ........ 13

3. Lease of the Free Chapel of Midhurst, in 1514. Communicated by Sir

Henrt Ellis, K.H., F.S.A., &c. &c. . . . . .23

4. Orders of the Privy Council of James I, to the Sheriff and Justices of Sussex,

on the too great cheapness of Com in 1619, and its dearth in 1621. Copied
from Burrell MSS., by W. H. Blaauw, Esq. . . . .26

5. On the Castle of Bellencombre, the original Seat of the Family of De Warenne,

in Normandy. By M. A. Lower, Esq. With Wood Engravings . . 29

6. Letters to Ralph de Nevill, Bishop of Chichester, 1222-1244, and Chancellor

to King Henry III. By W. H. Blaauvt, Esq. . . . .35

7. Notices connected with a recent Excavation in the College Chapel at Arundel.

By the Rev. M. A. Tiernet, F.R.S., F.S.A., and Corresponding Member of

the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. With Wood Engravings . .77

8. Pedigree of the Lewknor Family. By William Durrant Cooper, Esq., F.S.A. 89

9. Silver Clock of King Charles the First. By William Townley Mitpord,

Esq. With Wood Engravings . . . . • .103

10. Notes on the Wills proved at the Consistory Courts of Lewes and Chichester.

By Mark Antony Lower, Esq. . . . . • .108

11. Extracts from the Journal and Account-Book of Timothy Burrell, Esq., Barrister-

at-Law, of Ockenden House, Cuckfield, from the year 1683 to 1714. By
Robert Willis Blencowe, Esq. With Plate and Woodcuts . .117

CONTENTS.

PAOK

12. On the Military Earthworks of the Soathdowns, with a more enlarged Account

of Cissbnry, one of the principal of them. By the Rev. Edward TmursR .

13. On the Cluniac Priory of St. Pancras, at Lewes, its Priors and Monks. By

W. H. Blaauw, Esq. With Plate and Woodcut ....

14. Observations on the Buckle : the Badge of the Famfly of Pelham, and its

application to varions Ecclesiastical Boildings in Sussex ; and on the Badge
of the Family of De la Warr. By Mark Amtont Lower, Esq. With
Wood Engraoingt .......

15. Catalogue of Drawings relating to Sussex, by S. H. Grimm, in the Bodleian

Library. By the Rev. H. Wbllkslkt, DJ)., Principal of New Inn Hall,
Oxford .........

16. Sussex Tiles. By William Fioo, Esq. With two Ilhutratimu

17. Supplementary Notices of the Iron-Works of the County of Sussex. By Mark

Antont Lower, Esq. .......

18. Manorial Customs of Southese-with-Heigfaton, near Lewes. By William

Fioo, Esq. ........

173

185

211

232
239

240
249

DIBECTIONS TO THE BINDER.

Ancient Rectory House, West Dean : —

PAOB

Plate 1

'. 13

Plate 2

Pkte 3 ..... .

. 16

Plate 4

. 17

Bdlenoombre Castle. Extericnr and Interior

. 29

Ockenden House . . . . .

. 117

Ground Plan of Lewes Priory . . . .

. 185

Sussex Tiles, two plates . . .

. 239

CORRECTIONS.

P. 20, line 9. LulHi^ftnifuter is Lulminster, or Lymiiter, near Anindel— not LuIUDgton, in E. Susmx.

109. There is a fourth Court of Probate for Wills in Susiez, vis. for the deanery of Battel, whkh
includei the two parishei of Battel and Whatlington. Ex int W. D. Cooper, Eiq.

109, line 6 from bottom, for Thomaa, read WiUiam.

REPORT.

The Committee liave again the pleasing duty of congratulating the Members
of the Sussex Abchjeological Society on the continued prosperity and
advance of the Society ; in evidence of which they may refer to the interest
excited, both locally and among the literary public, by the contents of their
Second Volume; to the crowded meeting held at Arundel in August 1849,
and to the interesting proceedings of subsequent meetings at Brighton and
East Bourne. To these outward signs of activity and success, may be added
the extension of the Society's influence pervading all classes, so as to secure a
ready co-operation on all subjects of Archaeological interest, and which is
evidenced by the number of Members, now amounting to 342, constituting
the Society. With such encouragement, there can be no room for doubt of
its progress, or for distrust of a friendly feeling having been generally
awakened towards its main objects — the better explanation of the ancient
history of the County, and the more careftd preservation of the ancient
buildings, monuments, or documentary evidence. The prosecution of such
a purpose is well calculated to teach the present generation the value of the
blessings they enjoy by a true representation of the manners and customs of
former times.

It is the earnest hope of the Committee that the contents of the present
Third Volume may be considered as contributing fresh materials to Sussex
history, and may meet with a favourable acceptance from those, who have
welcomed the former publications.

By the financial position of the Society at the close of 1849, it found
itself possessed of a balance of £49. ISs. Qd, in the hands of the Treasurer,
after discharging all liabilities, and also of £8 7 . Ss. Stock of the Three per Cents,
purchased by the M compositions. There was also a considerable amount of
subscriptions in arrear, the early payment of which by the Members is
confidently relied upon.

Vm REPORT.

ACCOUNT OF RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS,

FROM JULY 1, 1848, TO DEC. 31, 1849*

Payments. £. s, d.

By drafts on Treasurer, from
Aug. 7, 1848, to Sept. 11,

1849 219 1 4

Purchase of £37 15«. 4(/., 3 per
Cent. Consols (representing
7 Life Compositions of iS5) . 35
Balance in l^easurer's hands,

Dec. 31,1849 . . . 49 18 6

1848-9. Receipts. £, a. d.

Balance in Treasurer's hands, July

1, 1848 . . . . 37 7 2

Annual Subscriptions of Mem-
bers 214 17

7 Life Subscriptions of £b each 35

Sale of Vols. I and II to Mem-
bers and the Public . . 15 6 2

Dividend on iS49 7«. 8<f . 3 per
Cent. Consols . . .19 6

£303 19 10

The principal expenses included in tlie above payments were — for the
Meetings at Hastings, J61. 18«. 6c?. ; at Lewes, J2. 0«. 10c?. ; at Arundel,
£A, 2«. ^d,'y for advertisements, Jll. 10a.; forprinting circulars, £5. 16«. 6i?.;
for stationery, parcels, and postage, J67. 9«. \d. ; and nearly the whole of the
remainder was required for the printing, binding, and distributing the
Society's Second Volume, with its numerous illustrations.

At the General Annual Meeting, held at Arundel, August 9, 1849, the
Society was much indebted to the kindness of their President, his Grace the
Duke of Norfolk, for permission to view the ancient and modem portions of
the noble castle.

Among the articles exhibited were —
Two Antique Keys, found in Arundel Park. By the Duchess of Norfolk.

'"'^ ^5^^1835^"^ ""^ *^^ ^''"'''^^ "^ ^^™^' ^"') Exhibited by Mr. G.
Original Petition of the Inhabitants of Arundel to Parliament, C ?!^^' J^v,?r^l^^
praying for compensation after Sir W. Waller's Siege. \ "^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^Po-
Two saver Maces, and the Seal of the Borough. J ^^^^

Roman Earthenware, found near Worthing. I

Two Leaden Seals of Papal Bulls, from Sullington. V Exhibited by F. Dixon, Esq.

A large Stone Quern, found at J

Roman Coins and Lacrymatories, from the Foundations of the new Subdeanery Church at
Chichester. By the Rev. T. W. Perry.

* Roman Fibulae of Bronze, and other articles, from Old Land, "j

Maresfield. I g ^ ^ Lower Esq.

* Bronze Wyvem, the Ancient Crest of the Warennes, from ( » i*

Bellencombre, in Normandy. )

Ancient Pottery, from Waterfield. 1

* Fragment of a Statuette of Our Lady, found in the College > By Rev. M. A. Tiemey.

Chapel, Arundel. J

* A large Silver Camp Wateh of King Charles I. Exhibited by its proprietor, W. Townley

Mitford, Esq.

Complete Suit of Clothes, belonging to King Charles I, with"

his Star, Ruffles, Hunting-h(H*n, and large Watch in

Silver Case. Exhibited by his descend-

Two beautifully Illuminated Rolls of Vellum, representing Vant, the Re^-T. Harvey, of

the Masque exhibited on the Entry of Elizabeth, Queen Cowden.

of Bohemia, into Heidelberg. Presented by that

Princess to Mr. Spencer, of Redleaf, and

REPORT. IX

^UySu

Tbene Bronze Celts, found on the Lewes Downs.

A small Hornbook of the 17th Century, set in Silver Frame, y By Sir Henry Shiffher, Bt.
with aigraved back.

An ancient cross-bow, found on taking down an old house at Augmering. By Rev.
E. Turner.

Drawings of andent Mural Paintings in Treyford Church. By Rev. W. D. Willis.

Bactrian Coins fDund at Pevensey. By Mr. Miller.

Numerous Autographs of Historical Characters — Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia, Oliver
CromweQ, &c. By R. Cole, Esq.

Leaden Seals of Papal Bulls from Chichester. By Rev. W. Watkins.

Ancient Roman Coins from Hurstperpoint. By N. Borrer, Esq.

Drawings of Chichester CathedraL By Mr. Butler, junior.

Patera of Samian Ware, Lacrymatories, large Urns with Bones, bronze Fibula, Flints,
Celt, &c., silver and brass Roman Coins, found in August, 1849, near Balmer. By
W. Pigg, Esq.

The following Papers were read at the meeting in the Townhall :

* Documents relating to Knepp Castle, in the time of King John. Communicated by

Sir Charles Mernk BuireU, Bart.

* Discoveries made in 1847, in the Vaults of the Chapel of Arundel College. By Rev.

M. A. Tiemey.

* Description of Ruins of Bellencombre Castle, in Normandy. By M. A. Lower, Esq.

Fabulous History of the Horse Hirondelle (Arundel) and the Giant Bevis. By M. A.
Lower, Esq.

* Diary of Timothy Burrell, Esq., of Ockenden House, Cuckfield, from a.d. 1683

to 1714. By R. W. Blencowe, Esq.

Notes on the House at Arundel, called Nineveh, with Armorial Badges of the Arundel
Family. By Rev. E. Turner.

Lists of the Burgesses of Arundel in 1296, 1327, 1332, and'

1545, from MSS.
Original Letters of William, Earl de Warenne and others, in

the 13th Century.

►By W. H. Blaauw, Esq.

At a Meeting held at Brighton, on Dec. 6, 1849, the following Papers were
read:

* The Pedigree of the Lewknor Family. By W. Durrant Cooper, Esq.
Remarks on Amberley Castle. Illustrated with Drav^gs. By Rev. G. Clarkson.

* Description of the ancient Rectory House and Church of West Dean, near East Bourne.

By Rev. G. M. Cooper.

* Extracts from ancient Sussex Wills, from MSS. By M. A. Lower, Esq.

* The Customary Services of the Tenants of the Manor of Southese. By W. Kgg, Esq.

Numerous Rubbings of Brasses, and Electrotype Copies of Ancient Seals, the property of
Dr. Pickford, were exhibited.

At the Meeting held at Eastbourne, on May 21, 1850, the Society
examined, on the spot, the situation of the Roman viUa, rediscovered in 1849.
Lady Domville exhibited some specimens of fine Pottery found there.

A Papal Dispensation of Leo X, dated June 9, 1516, enabling Thomas Combe, the Priest
of the Churoh of Arundel, to hold another benefice in plurality, was communicated
by Rev. H. Latham.

X REPORT.

Mr. Ade described the course of a Roman Road lately examined by Mr. Figg and himself,
near Pole Gate.

Mr. Lower described an implement for the teeth, nails, &c., fomid in a grave at Alfriston,
in 1849. It is marked with the name of Denis Hurst, who, accor£ng to the register
of the parish, died in 1584.

Mr. W. Harvey read an account of the Coins which had been found in the neighbourhood.

Rev. G. M. Cooper's History of the Priory and Church of "Wilmington, illustrated by
numerous Drawings, was communicated, and reserved for future publication.

The * is prefixed to those papers and objects which are published in the present Volume.

Some Papers of fresh interest are necessarily deferred, especially those
relating to recent discoveries of Roman remains at Balmer, Westergate, &c.,
and of a Eoman road near Eastbourne ; and the Committee take this op-
porhmity of earnestly requesting the assistance of aU their Members to render
more complete a general account of all the traces of Eoman occupation in
Sussex, which it is their wish to include in the Fourth Volume. Any com-
munication denoting the localities of such discoveries will be thankfully
received by W. Figg. Esq. Lewes, who has undertaken to coUect such
particulars.

It is proposed in an early volume to give a descriptive list of all the
Tradesmen's Tokens issued in Sussex in the seventeenth century. Members
possessing specimens are requested to communicate with W. Harvey, Esq.,
Lewes.

The thanks of the Society are due to John Peteb Feaeon, Esq., for
presenting the Society with the plate of Ockenden House, his own residence,
as an ornamental embellishment of the curious Diary of Timothy BurreU,
published in the present volume, and the same Diary has been also fortunate
enough to be further illustrated by the kindness of James Huedis Esq., who
has preserved the appearance of the original MS. in the faithful copies of its
rude drawings by the liberal devotion of his skill.

Lewes ; July 1, 1850.

Notice. — The General Anntml Meeting will take place at Herstmonceux,

on Thursday, July 25^^, 1850.

Tbis Volume is distributed free to Members. The price to the public will be 10«. ; but
to new Members hereafter joining the Society, the price will be bs., and some copies of
the Society's First Volume will be reserved for them at 5«., and of the Second at Is. 6d.,
for which apphcations may be made to Mr. W. Harvet, Local Secretary, CHjfe, Lewes.

^usfic^ ^rcijaeologital ^ocietp.

The Mai

■ The Eabl or Abcndei and
The Earl of Burj-tngton.
The Eabj. ay Chichester.
The EABt Delawarr.
The Earl of £gmqnt.
The Earl of Litebpooi,, C
The Eabl or Sheffield.
Earl Waldeq rave-
Lord Viscount Gage.
Tlie Lord
The Lord Bibhdp op Okpobd.
Lord Abingkr.
Lord Colchester.
mgbt Hon. Thomas Erskine.
The Honourable H. Otway Trevor.
Sir C. M, BuBRELL, Bart., M.P.
---The Honourable Robert Cdrzon, Ji

Sir C. M. Lamb, Bart.
_ 8irS.B.P. Mil

Sir Thomas Maki

Sir Hbnrt Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., F.S.A.

The Veiy Rev. Dr. Chandler, Dean of

Chichester.
Rev. E. Craven Hawtret, D.D., F.S.A.
Tiie Venerable Archdeacon Hare.
The Venerable Archdeacon Manning.
The Rev. H. Wblleslet, D.D., Principal

of New Idd Hall, OifonL
H. M. CuRTRifl, Esq., M-R

Illiott Poller, Esq., M.P.
J. Bebesford Hope, Esq.,
M.P., F.S.A.
John Britton, Esq., F.S.A., Ac, &p.
Thomas D'Otli, Esq., Serjeant-at-Law.
G. A. Mantell, Emj., P.R.S., LL.D., &c.
John Villiers Smellkv, Esq.
Albert Wav, Esq., F.S.A., Hon. Sec, of

Archicological [nstitute.

,ILW. Blkncowe, Esq.
Bee. Heath cote Campion.
CoL P. Datibs.
Her. £. Eedlb.
William Fiqq, Esq.
Rei. C. Gaomt.

rEsoN Vernon IIarcourt.
Holland, Precentor of Chichester.

NTONY LonsR, Eaq.
Alotbics Tiernry, P.S.A.

I. DOWNEB WiLUB.

CrcamiTET.
Thomas Dicker, Esq., Old Bank, Lewes.

Jgonotatg Strrrtatj.
. H. Blaafw, Esq., F.S.A., Beechland, Uckfield.

Rev. T. W. Perrv, Chichester.
Rev. G. H. Clareson, Ambcrlef .
Mr. John Phillips. Worthing,
W. BoKBEB, Esq.. Jim,, Cowfold.
J.H. PicKFoED, Esq., M.D„ Brightoj
I'Mr.W. Harvey, Lewes-

%atal SccTttarits.

S. Stbeati-eild, Esq., Uekfield.
Whiteman, Esq., East Buume.

Rev. E. Vbnables, Herstmoncetu.
G. O. Ldxford, Esq., Hunt Gre«D.
Mr. T. Ross, Hastings.
Mr. J. RuBBELL SuiTH, London.

XU SUSSEX ARCH^OLOGICAI, SOCIETY.

The objects of this Society embrace wlistever relates to the Civil or Ecclesiastical
History, Topography, Ancient Buildings, or 'Works of Art, within the County, and for
this purpose, the Society Invite communications on such snhjecls, especially from those
Noblemen (uid Gentlemen who possess estates 'within the County, and who may materially
assist the completion of the County History, now very imperfect, by the loan of Ancient
Documents relating to Estates, Manors, Wills, or Pedigrees, and of any object generally
connected with the Ancient History of Sussex.

The Society will collect Mannscripts and Books, Drawings and Prints, Coins and Seals,
or Copies thereof. Rubbings of Brasses, Descriptive Notices aud Plans of Churches,
Castles, Mansions, or other Buildings erf antiquarian interest ; such Collection to be pre-
served and made available for the pmposes of the Society, by publication or otherwise,

Bute.

'hat the Society shall avoid a
shaU r

2. That tbe Society shall consist of Members and Associates.

3. That candidates for admission be proposed and seconded by two Members of the
Society, and elected at any Meeting of the Committee, or at a General Meeting. One
black ball in five to exclude.

4. That the Annual SubscriptiDn of Ten Shillings shall become due on the 1st day
(rf January, or f 5 be paid in Ueu thereof, as a composition for life. Subscriprions to b«
pEud at tbe Lewes Old Bank, or by Post-office order, to Thomas Dicker, Esq., Treasurer,
Lenea Old Bank, or to any of the Local Secretaries.

5. That Members of either House of Parhament shall, on becoming Members of the
Society, he placed on the list of Vice-Presidents, and fdao snch other persons aa tbe
Society may determine.

6. That the affairs of the Society be conducted by a Committee of Management, to
con^t of a Patron, a President, Vice-Presidents, Secretaries, a Treasurer, and not less
than twelve other members, who shall be chosen at the General Annual Meeting ; three
Members of such Committee to fono a Quorum.

7. That at every Meeting of the Society, or of tbe Committee, the resolutions of the
m^ority present sh^ be binding, though all persons entitled to vote be not present.

8. That a General Meeting t^ tbe Society he held annually, in July or August, as may
be appointed by the Committee, at some place rendered interesting by its Antiqtiities or
Historical Associations, in the Eastern and WestaTi Divisions of the County alternately ;
such General Meeting to have power to make such alterations of the Rules as a minority
may determine, on notice thereof being one month previously given to the Committee.

9. That a Special General Meeting may be snm.mnned by the Secretaries on the re-
quisition, in writing, of iive members, and either the Patron, President, or two Vice-
Presidents, specifying the subject to be brought forward for decision at such Meeting, and
such subject only to be then considered.

10. That the Committee have power to admit without ballot, on the nomination of
two members, any Lady who may be desirous of becoming a Member of the Society.

11. That the Committee have power to elect aa an Associate of the Sodctj', any person
whose local office may enable him to promote the objects of tbe Society — sucli Associate
not to pay any Subscription, noi to have tbe right of voting in the alfiura of tbe Society,
and to be snbject to rejection annually.

12. That the Committee be emjiowered to appoint any Member Lorxtl SecTtiary for
the town or district where he may reside, in order to facilitate the collection of accumle
information as to objects of local interest, and that such Local Secretaries be ex-offieio
Members of the Committee.

13. That Meetings for the purpose of reading papers, the exhibition of antiquities, or
the discussion of subjecfa coimecled therevrith, be held at such times and places as tbe
Committee may determiiie.

14. That the Secretaries shall keep a record of the proceedings of the Society, (o be
conuDUnicated to the General Meeting, and, until other arrangententa can l>e made, shall
have the custody of any books, docmncnts, or antiquities, which may be presented, or lent
to the Sodety.

Persona dcHrons of beeoming members of the Society, are requested l

SUSSEX ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Xlll

^ttttbtxti*

"'^Earl of Arundel and Surrey, M.P.

Lord Abinger.

Sir J. H. Anson, Bart., Avisford.
"^ Mr. CJharles Ade, AlMston.
w Rev. Aretas Akers, Fletching. -
i^Rev. H. Allen, Brighton.
%/ John Allfiree Esq., Brighton.

Mr. T. Arkcoll, Langney.
lyMt. T. Attwood, Lewes.
yT. Attree Esq., Brighton.

W. W. Attree Esq., London.
i/ J. T. Auckland Esq., Lewes.

Eail of Burlington, Compton Place.
^ Sir C. M. Burrell, M.P., Bart., Knepp Castle,
t^ Mr. 6. P. Bacon, Lewes.
v/ Mr. Barber, WiUingdon. —

V F. Barchard Esq., Ashcomb. -
^ Donald Barclay Esq., Mayfield.

y Walter G. Barker Esq., Worthing.
^^ George Basevi Esq., Brighton.
'^iMEr. W. E. Baxter, Lewes.
*^C. Beard Esq., Rottingdean.
(^ W. Beckwith Esq., Hawkhurst.

Rev. R. Belany, Arlington.
^C. BeUingham Esq., Brighton.
U Miss S. BeUingham, Rye.
(/W. H. Blaauw Esq., Beechland.
l/Mrs. Blaauw, Beechland.
^ John Blaker Esq., jun., Lewes.

R.W. Blencowe Esq., the Hooke.

J. G. Blencowe Esq., the Hooke.
L^ol. Lonsdale Boldero, Lower Beeding.
«^fi. Boldero Esq., Lower Beeding. -

Edward W. Bonham Esq., Calids.
UlSisa F. Bonham, Chailey. -

N. Borrer Esq., Pakins.

Mrs. N. Borrer, Pakins.
*~W. Borrer Esq., Henfield. -
t W. Borrer Esq., jim., Cowfold. -

Rey. C. Boutell, Downham Market.
^ Rev. F. A. Bowles, Singleton.
U Re^> W. Bradford, Storrington.

C. Bridger Esq., London.
i^A. R. Briggs Esq., Lewes.

John Britton Esq. F.S.A., London.

Rey. T. Brockman, Gore Court.
V- Rer. J. Broadwood, Wi^enholt. —

W. H. Brooke Esq., Hastings.
^ J. Cordy Burrows Esq., Brighton.

R. M. Burt Esq;, London.

Deeimus Burton Esq., London.
(^Joseph Butler Esq., Chichester.

V 6. Kade Butler, Esq., Rye. -^
i^ Mr. W. Button, Lewes.

t The Earl of Chichester, Stanmer.
^^The Bishop of Chichester.
( Lord Colchester, Kidbrook.

Hon. R. Cavendish, Compton Place.
/Hon. Robert Curzon, Jun., Parham Park.
J, Very Rev. the Dean of Chichester.

Mrs. Walter Campbell, London.
- Wm. Campion Esq., Jun., Danny.

Rev. Heathcote Campion, Alboume.

Major G. Kirwan Carr, Brighton.
I Miss Challen, Shermanbury Park.

Mr. Alex. Cheale, Uckfleld.

V Rev. H. D. Churke, Iping.

*■' Rev. G. H. Clarkson, Amberley.

John Cobbett Esq., London.
t John Colbatch Esq., Brighton.

Robert Cole Esq., London.

V Rev. J. Constable, Ringmer.

» Rev. Thomas Cooke, Brighton.

W. Durrant Cooper Esq., F.S.A. London,
v^ Frederick Cooper Esq., Arundel.
d^Mrs. W. H. Cooper, Brighton.
4/Rev. G. Miles Cooper, Wilmington.

G. C. Courthope Esq., Whiligh.
c A. J. Creasy Esq., Brighton.
Edward Creasy Esq., London.
Rev. P. G. Crofts, MaUing House.
(^ Morgan Culhane Esq., Worthing.

H. Mascall Curteis Esq., M.P., Windmill

Hill.
M^or Curteis, Leasham.

t^Earl Delawarr, Buckhurst.
u SirW. Domville, Bt., Eastbourne. .

Lady Domville.

Mr. W. Davey, Lewes.
i-'Warburton Davies Esq., Woodgate. •
V James Davies Esq., Woodgate.
\' Col. F. Davies, Danehurst.
' Mrs. F. Davies.
l^John Day Esq., Newick.
/ E. S. Dendy Esq., Rouge Dragon, Arundel.
«- W. H. Dennett Esq., Worthing.
txRev. R. N. Dennis, E., Blatchington.
^ C. Scrace Dickens Esq., Coolhurst.

Thomas Dicker Esq., Lewes.
^ W. Dilke Esq., Chichester.

Rev. H. Dixon, Ferring.

Mrs. F. Dixon, Worthing.
v/W. Dobell Esq., Hastings.

C. Dorrien, Esq., Sennicots.

Rev. Stair Douglas, Ashling.

T. D'Oyly Esq., Seijeant-at.Law, Ashling.

Mr. J. Dudeney, Lewes.
*^^^. Dyer Esq., Little Hampton.

■

xiv SUSSEX arcHjBological society.

EhI Qf Egm-nt. Cowrtruy.

. ChHla Hicks E«i., Rye.

Right Hon. Tbomsi Eiekiuc, CompUn.

- lUe. H. Koare, Prunfleld,

"H. K, Hoars Esq., Pramllald.

Mu.eum.

^ R«v. Dr. Holland, Brighton,

. Rich«d Edmunds E.q.. Werlhta),.

, Rev. W. H. Holland, Chichester.

T. Dyet Edwards Esq., Woithlng.

^- Bev. T, A. Holland, Poynings.

Mils Holland, Windmill Hill,

Malor-Gm, Ellicombe, Wonhing,

AJe.. J. Beresford Hope. Esq., MP.

' aoben Elliot E^.,ChichBnEr.

George Hoper Esq,, Thomhilt.

^ Joseph £lUs Esq., BiigliloD,

ColoMl Elwood, CUylon Priory.

-Rev. H. Hoper, Portslade,

Mrs. Elwood, ditlo.

Mr.T.Honon, Louden.

Thomu Evuu E*}., Worthing.

J. H. Hnrdis Esq., Newlck.
E. HusseyE'sq.,S'^otneyCaalk.

Mr. W. P«nw Clifle.

Bey. A. Hussey, Roltlngdean.

a.H.FKul™nerEiq-,LewM.

John Feaiou Ehi., OdLcnden House.

■ H. E. FenoeU Esq., Worthing.

. Mr. CHjde, Worthing.

Mr. W. Plgg. LewM.

. Mr. J. E. Hyde. Worthing.

Hef . W. A. Pitihugh, aiieet.

Humphrey W. FrMlmd Esq., LoDdon.

u-Rev. P. Pteemsn, CbSehmter.

A. EUlott Fuller Eiq., M.P., Riwe Hill.

R. Joanes Esq., Tunbrldge Wells.

' Mt, W.T. Fuller, Worthing.

1 Ed". Johnson Esq., Chichester.

W. PuiMf Eiq., Btightod.

John Jones Esq., Pletchlng.
t Mrs. Ingram, Ades, Chailey.

Viidounl Gsge, Firie.

R<T. C. Gaunt, Meld.

- F.H.GeU Esq., Lewes.

L MlM Howard Oil,l«.D,Anindel.

1,- Capt. Hugh Kennedy, Brighton.

I Un. Gordon, Newtlmber.

, Mrs. King, Coates.

i Bn*. John Goildg. Wiston Park.

Joseph Knight Esq., East Lavanl.

■ a«v. Joseph Gould, Bumaah.

^ 1. Graham Esq., East Boome.

^ W. G. K. Gratwlclie £aq., Ham House.

. Earl otUyenool, Buxled Park.

Sir C. M. Lamh, Ban., Beaupoit.

A. S. Oreenu Esq., Milling.

^Mr.Wni. Lambe, I^wes.

Key. H. H. Greene, Kogste.

G. H. Lang Esq., WeitminsUr,

. J. Grlnubaw Esq., Cowfold.

. Bnv. G. H. Langdon, Oying.

Mils Gulslon, GioBveuor SQUsre.

-'Rey. H. Latham, Pinleworth.
1- WiUlam Law Eiq., Brighton.

- Brownlow E. Lajard Esq., Lewee.

■ Augustus Hare Esq., HerslraonceuJ,

Key, H, Legge, Livant,

Key. 0, Halls. Lewes.

Miu Tylney Long, Alboume Plato.

Mejor Half, Plumptou Place.

Miss Emma T}-1ney Long, Atbanme Place.

Rey. LevesoD Vernon Uarcoutt, Wesldean

Stephen Lowdrll Esq., Lewes.

Mr- M. A. Lower, Lewes,

Rev. John Harmao, Theohslds, Hens,

Mr. R. W. Lower, Lewes.

Mr. WUllam Harve;, Leoes.

, J.O.Luiford Esq., Hlgham Park,

, John HeywDod HawUps Esq., P.B.A,, Bignoi

Park.

Lady MlUei, Pioylc Fark.

Ven, Arehd, Manning, Lavinglon,

Kev. G, S. Hele, Brighton,

Mrs. Habholt, Seulhover, Lewe..

^ . a. F. Henwood Esq,, Brighton.

, Wiimm MaJtiD Esq., Worthing.

..Eev.T. A.Mahetly,Cu<;klleld.

K«y. F. Hepburn, the Hoofce.

, John Macrae Esq., Lewe..

L Major McQueen, CUalley.

Bev. J. W, Hcwetl, New Shorehun,

, Mrs. Mcflueen, Chailey.

SUSSEX ARCHJBOLOOICAL SOCIETY.

1^ F. Manning Esq., Lymington.

G. A. ManteU Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., London.

J. H. Markland Esq., D.C.L., Ba&.
<-^olm Hornby Maw Esq., Ebstings.

Francis Mewbuin Esq., DarHngton.
l/keT. £. Miller, Bognor.
u^Mr. Miller, Hailsham.

William Townley Mitford Esq., Pitts HilL
w Mrs. Monk, Lewes.
' Heniy Moon Esq., M.D., Lewes,
ir W. Munday Esq., Worthing.

The Duke of Norfolk.

Mu-quis of Northampton,
u^. F. Napper Esq., Guildford,
i^. Newington Esq., Ticehurst.

G. J. Nicholson Esq., London.
^Mr. J. Noakes, Chiddingly.
^^Bev. W. Nourse, Clapham.
^ T. Herbert Noyes Esq., East Mascalls, Lind-<
'^ field.

T. Herbert Noyes Esq., jun.

The Bishop of Oxford.
*>'6eoige Olliver Esq., SLingston.

Mrs. W. Olliver, Courtlands.
{ Mr. W. Osbom, Arundel.
i/Kev. W. Bruere Otter, Cowfold.

Edward Heneage Paget Esq.
^^Vo^sm.e\ Paine, Patcham.
^'^iOss Paine, Kemp Town.

Cornelius Paine Esq., Jun., Islington;
I ReT. M. Parrington, Chichester.
<- Mr. J. L. Parsons, Lewes.
"- Mr. C. Parsons, Lewes.
l/^(iss C. Partington, Offham.
I- George Paul Esq., Worthing.
-Henry Paxton Esq., Westdean.
' Eev. T. W. Perry, Chichester.
^ Mr. John Phillips, Worthing.
u J. H. Pi(±ford Esq., M.D., Brighton.

Miss PiDdngton, Shopwick.
I^Rev. T. Pitman, Eastbourne.
•-ileT. W. Plucknett, Horsted Keynes.
•^Rev. T. Baden Powell, Newick.
* Rev. J. P. Power, Maresfield.

Rev. William Powell.

Charles Powell Esq., Speldhunt. •

James D. Powell Esq., Newick.

Rev. Richmond Powell, Bury.

C^itain W. Preston, R.N., Borde Hill.

£. Bedford Price Esq., London.
" C. Prince Esq., jun., Uckfield.

The Duke of Richmond.

Lady Elizabeth Reynell, Avisford.
«^R. G. Raper Esq., Chichester.

James Rock, Jun., Esq., Hastings.
\/ Rev. T. Rooper, Brighton.

• Mr. T. Ross, Hastings.

> Mr. J. C. Russell, Chiddingly.
The Earl ofSheiBeld.
Countess of Sheffleld.
Sir Henry Shiftier, Bt., Co(Hnbe.

• J. Villiers Shelley Esq., Maresfield Park.
A John Saunders Esq., Worthing.

L^ Rev. J. Soobell, Lewes.
- J. D. S. Scott, Esq., Midhurst.
Rev. O. Shiftier, Hamsey.
Rev. G. Croxton Shiflher, Hamsey.

* Thomas Shiftier Esq., Westergate.

Evelyn P. Shirley Esq., Eatington, Warwick-
shire.
^ J. T. Simes Esq., Brighton.

J. H, Slater Esq., Newick Park.

Miss Slater.

Rev. Henry Smith, Densworth.
"■' Samuel Smith Esq., Charming Dean.

Mr. J. Russell Smith, London.
/^ W. Forster Smythe Esq., Brighton.

Rev. E. Stansfield, Merston.

Mrs. Stansfield, Merston.

Rev. A. Stead, Ovingdean.

* Miss Stone, Herstmonceux.

. R. S. Streatfeild Esq., the Rocks, Uekfield.
. W. Sandeford StreatfeUd Esq.

Hon. Mrs. Thomas.

Hon. H. Otway Trevor, Glynde.

Right Rev. W. Trower, D.D., Bishop of
Glasgow.
' John Terry Esq., Brighton.
'. Mr. H. Thatcher, Brighton.

W. Brodrick Thomas Esq.

Fred. Ticehurst Esq., Hastings.
~-Rev. M. A. Tiemey, F.S.A., Arundel.

Rev. J. Tomlinson, Middleton.

G. E. Towry Esq., Heathfield Park.
•^ Rev. T. Trocke, Brighton,
i^^amard Trollope Esq., Chichester.

R. Trotter Esq., Twyford Lodge.

Rev. J. C. TuffiieU, Edburton.

* Rev. E. Turner, Maresfield.

♦ Rev. W. Turner, Boxgrove.

W. D. B. TumbuU Esq., Sec. Soc. Ant., Edin-
burgh.
Martin Farquhar Tupper Esq., Albuiy.
tx Nicholas Tyacke Esq., M.D., Chichester.

1/ Mrs. Edmund Vallance, Brighton.
Rev. £. Venables, Herstmonceux.

• Rev. T. S. Vogan, Walberton.

Earl Waldegrave.

Lady yictoria Long Wellesley, Alboume Place.

Sir T. Maryon Wilson, Bt., Searles.

* Mr. Joseph Waghom, Buxted.
W. S. Walford Esq., London.

Rev. W. Wallinger, Tunbridge Wells.
•Rev. W. Watkins, Chichester.
Albert Way, Esq., F.S.A., Wonham, Surrey.

XVI

SUSSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Mrs. Weeks, Hiirstpeipoint.

Rev. W. Weguelin, South Stoke.

Rev. H. Wellesley, D.D., Principal of New Inn

Hall, Oxford.
Rev. W. Wheeler, New Shoreham.
Alfred Whiteman Esq., Eastbourne.
T. Whitfeld Esq., Lewes.
Rev. Spencer D. Wilde, Fletching.
Rev. W. Downes Willis, Elsted.

R. Wollaston Esq., Woodhatch.
H. Wood Esq., Ovingdean.
Rev. G. Woods, Westdean.
Joseph Woods Esq., Lewes.
Mrs. Woodward, Hellingly.
Miss Woodward, Uckfield.
Rev. Dr. Wrench, Salehurst.
Rev. T. Wyatt, Cissbury.
Hugh Wyatt Esq., Cissbury.

^iSiSociateiQ;.

R. Breton Esq., Pevensey.
M. I'Abbe Cochet, Dieppe.
M. de GervUle, Valognes.

Mr. H. Playsted, London.
Mr. T. Wells, Hurstperpoint.

^u&sitx 9lrcf)aeolostcal CoUecttoiid*

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE.

COLLECTED BT THE RET. JOHN 8HARPB| LATE CURATE OF SHIPLET,

AND COMMUNICATED BT

SIR CHARLES MERRIK BURRELL, BART., M.P ,

WITH REMARKS, BY W. H. B.

(read at ARUNDEL, AUOUST 9, 1849.)

Op the six great feudal fortresses, each of which anciently
defended a Rape of Sussex, one only has added the mag-
nificence of modem luxury to the sternness of its antique
strength ; while four of the others have long been reduced to
scanty ruins, and the sixth was in very early times purj)osely
destroyed, and its site occupied by a monastery.

Knepp Castle, in the parish of Shipley, though never one
of the principal strongholds, and though a ruin for more than
600 years, was fi-equently the residence of a king, and is said
to have exhibited, even in the last century, considerable traces
of its extent within the angle of two small streams falling
ultimately into the river Adur. West of the ruins is a field, now
called Town Field, which was an approach by a raised road,
and a bridge, probably a drawbridge.

There remains of it now only the broken wall of a single
tower, with a flat buttress, upon a small mound ;^ but its de-
molition is not due either to war or neglect. The period
of its history, authenticated by the few dociunents relating to
it, is very brief; and it will be seen that it is all comprised
within the reign of King John, into whose hands, together
with Bramber, it had been seized on the forfeiture of WiUiam
de Braose. This nobleman had incurred the king's anger by

> For a view in 1775, see Grose, vol. iii, where the succession of owners is also detailed.
III. 1

DOCUMENTS KEJ.ATING TO KNEPP CASTLE.

various disiiutca and refusals to pay fines for his large posse
sions in Ireland, and at last escaped to die at Paris in 1212
his wife ajid eldest son William having perished at WindsoJ
in prison, in 1210. It is to this circumstance that we owel
the following notices of Knepp in the national archives, andla
even these will be found to refer as much to the timb«
and game of the adjoining forest as to the Castle. Indet
the necessity of providing a store of food for the winter in
those times, made hunting in the forests an urgent duty.

King John was at Knepp on April 8, 120C ; on January 6,
and again from May 38 to June 1, in 1209; from April 6
to 9, in 1211 ; and from January 21 to 24, in 1215 ; and
it will be seen that his Queen Isabella made a residence of
eleven days here, in 1214-15, Some confusion arising from
the regnal years of King John commencing from the move-
able ftiast of the Ascension, it is sufficient here to state that
they were generally reckoned from May to May.

At his first visit the king signed an order to protect the
men and lands of Himiphrey le Dene against any lawsuits,
as long as lie should be absent in Ireland on the king's ser-
vice. 10th John, Rot. Pat.

Most of the deeds are addressed to Roeland Bloet, who
Bccnis to liave been the king's confidential agent at Knepp,
Cunjip, or Cna])pc, as it was variously named. The castle was
11 nii'iiibcr of the honor of Bramber. The documentary ex-
ti'iu-ls were orifjinally collected by the Rev. John Sharpe, when
<'iinitii of Sliipky, the learned translator of William of Mahns-
Iniry, who also assisted in j)reparing the materials for 'Monu-
inentft Ilistorica Britannica,' lately published by government.

" T/ie Ki»^ to Boehnd Bloet, ^'c. — We send to you Michael
dc I'luiing, commanding that you permit him to take all the
flit deer he can without the park at Cnapp : as well by bow as
by his dogs ; and that you cause them to be salted (saliri) ; and
act for om- advantage, as well concerning their flesh as their
skins (tam de came quam de coriis). Witness ourselves, at
Durham, the 5th day of September." (1312.) 14° Joh., Rot.
Glaus., p. 123.

" ITie King to Roehtiid Bloet, Sfc. — We command you to
find necessaries for Wido, the huntsman, with two liorses and

DOCDMENTS RKLATINO TO KKEPP CASTLE. 6

22 dogs, and two assistant keepers (Beriiariis)," and one lad
(garcione) ; and to Nigel, the huntsman, with two huntsmen,
and 28 dogs, and two assistant keepers, and one lad ; and to
Gilbert de Montibiis, with two horses, and 21 dogs, and two
assistant keepers, and one lad, whom we send to you to hunt
in the forest of Cnappe, so long as they shall be with you ;
and the cost you shall be at for this shall be computed to you, at
the Exchequer. Witness ourselves, at Wingeham (co. Kent),
the 31st day of May." (1213.) 1 5" Joh., Rot. Claua., pp. 134, b.

" The King to Boeland Bloet, Sfc. — We send to you John
de Beauchamp, with 24 dogs, one assistant keeper, one lad,
and two horses ; and AJberic de Capella, with 22 dogs, one
keeper, one lad, and two horses ; and Richard Pincun, with
20 dogs, one assistant keeper, one lad, and one horse : com-
manding you to cause them to hunt in the forest of Cnappe ;
and that you find necessaries for them so long as they shall
be with you, according to our order ; that is to say, to the
aforesaid John with two horses, and to the aforesaid Alberic
with two horses, untQ the time of grass (usque ad tenipus
herbae) ; and that when the time of grass shall come, you
find necessaries for them, for their respective horses ; and the
cost you shall be at for the above shall, on the inspection and
testimony of reputable men, be computed to you at the
Exchequer. Witness oiu-aelves, at Wingeham, the 1st day of
June, in the 16th year of our reign." (1213.) 15° Joh., Rot.
Glaus., pp. 134, b.

" 7?te King to Boeland Bloet, Sfc. — We command you to
find necessaries for Michael de Columbariis, with one horse
and 24 dogs, at Cnapp, until we send for them ; and the cost
you shall be at for this shall, on the inspection and testimony
of reputable men, be computed to you at the Exchequer.
Witness ourselves, at Ospringe (co. Kent), the 5th day of
June, in the 15th year of our reign ; and that you cause these
dogs to hunt in the forest, with the other dogs In your cus-
tody." (1213.) 15" Joh., Rot. Claus., p. 135.

' Benmriis has been interpreted "keepers of boar-bounds;" but the word ii more
probably synonymous with " Berrceriis," sbirri, inferior officers, keepers; tbetr piy wm 3d.
a day in the time of Uenr;' II. (Lib. Nigr. Scacc.)

4 DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE.

" Tlie King to Roeland liloet, greeting. — We send to you
Wyot, Nigell, May, Richard de Bradeinar, and Herbert do
Foxkot, our huntsmen, with 10 lads and 5 keepers, and 10
horses, and 114 dogs of the pack (de niota), and 5 grey-
hounds, to hunt for deer, in the park at Cnapp : and we com-
mand you to find them in reasonable ex|)enses as long as they
shall be with you, for which it shall be computed to you at
the Exchequer. Witness oiu^clvcs, at the Tower of London,
the 28th day of December, in the 15th year of our reign."
(1213.) 15^ Joh., Rot. Claus., p. 158, b.

" Tlie King to the same, — ^We send to you, Henry the son
of Baldwin, the keeper of the hounds (vcltrarium),' with 18
keepers, his fellows, and 220 of our greyhounds (leporariis),
to hunt the. does in the park at Knapp ; commanding you to
find them in reasonable expensed so long as they shall be
with you, for which it shall be computed to you at the
Exchequer. Witness as above." (1213.) 15"* Job., Rot. Claus.,
p. 158, b.

" Tlie King to the Barons of the Exchequer^ 8fc, — Compute
to Roeland Bloet the cost he has been at since his last reckon-
ing, on the inspection and reckoning of reputable men, in the
pay for our huntsmen, hounds, and carpenters, at several
times, and in keeping, strengthening, and repairing our castles
of Brambell {Bramber) and Cnapp, according to our order ;
and in the pay of the mariners (marinellorum), sent in 10
ships on our service to Dover ; and in carrjing timber from
St. Leonard's Forest to the sea, for the piu7K)se of constnicting
our hall at Dover, according to our order ; and in 50 leashes
for dogs (copulis) from our forest of Cnapp to Binindon
{Benenden, co, Kent), as our gift according to oiu* order.
Compute also to the same Roeland the cost he has been at
in making bridges and hurdles (in cleiis faciendis), by our
order ; and in the carriage of bnishwood (buscae), to Corf
{Corfe, CO, Dorset) and Dover, and in inclosing our park at
Cnapp, and in repairing the Stew-pond, according to our
order ; and for 1 8 casks of wine, bought for our service, and

^ Prom veltris, canis sagax vel odorisequus ; veltro, It. ; viautre, Fr. ; vertragus, Martial,
Epig. 14, 200; velt-jagher, field-ranger.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE. 5

expended at our several coinings, by our order. Witness
ourselves, at Eysse {Aiwe, in AtiffouUme), the 21st day of
March, in the 15th year of our reign." (1214.) 15°Joh.,
Rot. Claus., p. 142.

" The King to Richard Bloet. — We order you to send aU
the wild boars and sows (porcos et layas)^ which are in your
custody to Portsmouth, in ships of your bailiwick, which are
about to proceed there, so that they be there, all excuse
being put aside, on the morrow of S. Hilary at latest, and it
shall be computed to you at the Exchequer. Witness as
above."

" The King to Roeland Bloet, ^c. — ^We send to you, Wyot
our huntsman, and his fellowes, to hunt in our forest of
Cnapp, with our boar-hounds (canibus porkaricis), to the end
that they may take daOy two or three boars (porcos). We will,
however, that none of oiu- good dogs shall hunt there ; and
that you should see every day what they take. Also, that
you be with us at London, on tlic Sunday next following the
feast of St. Martin {Nov. 11); and in the meantime that
you send one of your soldiers (militibus), who may be with
them in those pMl.s ; and that you supply them with neces-
saries. And the cost you shall be at for this purpose shall,
by the inspection and testimony of reputable persons, be com-
puted to you at the Exchequer. Witness ourselves at ReUegh,
{CO. Essex), the 8th day of November." (1214.) 16°, Rot. Clans.,
p. 182.

" T/te King to Roeland Bloet, greeting. — We command you
that hereafter you neither fell, nor caiae to be felled, anything
in the park or forest of Cnapp. Witness ourselves, at Wode-
stock, the 26th of November." (1214.) 16°, Rot. Claus.,p. 179.

" Tlie King to the Barons of the Exchequer. — Pay to Hugo
de Nevil the cost he has been at in conveying a thousand
marks from Merleberg {Marlborough) to Cnapp, and from
Cnapp to Audibum, and from Audiburn {Aldinghwni) to

' " Lajas," tlie LatiuiBed form of the Firench word " Lide, femelle d'un sanglier."

DOCUMENTS RELATINC; TO KSEPP CASTLE,

Winchester, on the inspection and testimony of repiitabte
persons. Witness ourselves, at Merleberg, the 9th day of
February, in the 16th year of our reign." (1216.) 1G° Joh., Rot.
Clans., p. 184, b.

" The King to his Barons of the Exchequer. — Pay to
Robert Bloet, on the inspection and testimony of reputable
persons, the cost he has been at for 19 days, for Wilham the
son of Kichard, with 3 horses, and 114 greyhounds, and 25
keepers of the hounds, and 3 assistant keepers ; and for
Alberic the himter, with 2 horses and 16 dogs of the pack ; and
for Richard Pinchim, with 2 horses and 13 dogs of the pack ;
and for Adam Chewerr, with 2 horses and 2 dogs of the
pack ; and for Robert de Stanton, with 2 horses and 5 beagles,
(berserettis) ; and for WiUiam May, with 2 horses and 4
beagles j and for Gibbun, with 2 horses and 3 beagles ; and
for Philip Pitte, with 2 horses and 2 beagles ; and for Alex-
ander, the valet of our son Richard,^ with one horse and 3
beagles. Pay also to the same Roeland the cost he has been
at, on the inspection and testimony of reputable men, for
Robert our fisherman, with 2 liorses, for 3S days. Pay also
to the same 19s. %d., which he has laid out, on the inspection
and testimony of reputable men, for the purchase of two
nets for our use ; and 4/. 19a. for one cask of wine, on the
inspection and testimony of reputable men, which he dis-
bursed in the expences of our Lady the Queen,^ during eleven
days' residence at Cnapp. Pay also to the same 8^ marks,
which he paid to Henry Fitz Coimt (lilio comitis ?) by our
order, and one mark which be paid to Hugo Pantulf, by our
order. Pay also to the same 18*., which he expended, on
the inspection and testimony of creditable persons, in the
joiuTiey of our Lady the Queen from Cnapp to Merleberg.
Witness ourselves, at Sutton {co. Surrey), the Cth day of
March, in the IGth year of our reign." (1215.) 16° Joh.,
Rot. Claus., p. 190.

When King John was involved in disputes with his own
barons, and tWatened with foreign invasion, it was of tlie

' After tlic death of W. de Brsoae, in 1212. a grant of the Barony of Bramber was
m.-ute to Prince Iliehard, carl of Cornwall, flftcrwards king of the Romans.
" Tliongh ihc Fxutt dateof the queen's visit to Kucin) Lb not fined, it nasprnbadlyrecenl.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE. 7

utmost importance to him to secure the Castle of Dover ; and
accordingly we find him active in using the timber of Knepp
Forest for the construction of those ponderous warUke ma-
chines virhich were then used for attack and defence. The
difficulty of sending along bad roads these huge wooden
towers, corded up in frame, and ready for use, must have been
great. When Prince Louis besieged Dover in July, 1216,
he used a famous engine of like nature, given him by his
father, and called ' Mai Voisin ; ' but the heart of oak from
Knepp, and the courage of Hubert de Burgh were effectual,
even against the ' evil neighbour.'

" P.^ by the grace of God Bishop of Winchester ^ to the
Sheriff of Sussew, greeting. — ^We command you to cause the
timber which the carpenters, whom William Brieg may send
into the forest of Knapp, shaQ feU within the same wood, to
be carried to Dover, for the works of the Castle there ; and the
cost which you shall have been at for this purpose we will
cause to be paid to you at the Exchequer. Witness Master
E. de Falcoberg, at the Tower of London, the 23d day of June,
in the 16th year of the reign of King John." (1214.) 16*^
Joh., Rot. Claus., p. 207.

" P. Bishop of Winchester to the Bailiffs of Roeland Bloet,
greeting, — ^We command you, inasmuch as you regard the
honour of our Lord the King, that, as soon as you see these
letters, you cause all the carpenters within your bailiwick to
assemble in the forest of Kneppe; and that you cause these
carpenters, as well as those whom the sheriff of Sussex® will
send to you, to fell and lop and prepare timber (praestemere,
eskapellare et parare meheremium) in the same forest, as
Richard de Popleshall and Baldwin the carpenters shall direct ;
and the said timber to be carried by service (de prece) as far
as the sea, and by sea, at the expence of our Lord the King, as
far as Dover. And the cost which you shall have been at,
for feUing, lopping, and carrying the said timber by sea, on
the inspection of the aforesaid, shall be paid you at the

7 Peter des Roches, a person of historical unportance, was chief justiciary at this time,
and bishop of Winchester from 1204 to 1238.

^ Matthew Fitz Herbert was, at this time and many subsequent years to 1219, sheriff
of Sussex.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE.

Exchequer. Witness ourselves, at Dover, the 12th day of
August, in the 16th year of our Lord King John." (1214.)
IG'Joh., Rot. Pat, p. 210.

The crisis of the king's fate was now approaching ; the dis-
contented barons liad been received by the Londoners in
trhimph, on Sunday, May 24, and on June 19 Magna Charta
was signed ; after which the king immediately prepared to
annul it. A subsequent order alludes to the foreign merce-
naries whom lie had invited over, and whom he personally
welcomed at Dover on their arrival, Sept. 1, 1216.

" lite King to Beidand Bloet, greeting. — Know ye that the
citizens of London have siuTendered the city of London to
our enemies, on Sunday next before the feast of St. Dunstan,
in the morning, of tlieir free will {spontanea volnntate).
Wherefore we command you, without delay, to transfer all
the stores (attractum*') which you have at Knapp or elsewhere,
and which you may be able to gather, to Brerable ; and that
you fortify that house in the best possible manner you can,
while resident in that castle ; that you destroy altogether the
houses at Knapp. In testimony of which we send you these
letters. Witness ourselves, atFreeniantle(jFVi^2rf«Hi3/aHieffK?»,
CO. Hants), the 18th day of May, in the 16th year of our reign."
(1214.) 16" Joh., Rot. Pat., p. 137, b.

" 7%e King fo aU who are about to come to Ungland in Ids
service, health. — We command you that you do what oiu-
beloved and faithful Roeland Bloet shall tell you on our behalf,
and in vritness whereof myself, at Winchester, 20th day of
May, in the 16th year of oiu- reign." (1314.) 16° Joh., Rot.
Pat., p. 137, b.

llie following documents denote the anxiety of tlie king to
secure Bramber and Knepp castles in the approaching struggle.
William, the sixth Earl of Warenne, the king's first cousin, had
always remained true to liim, and had been frequently a siu-ety to

' " Artractuni" seems to answer to the French ' altrahiere,' acqiiircmenls obinined hy
lalioiir, in distinction &um wliat ia bought or given ; it may here refer to the timber or
ulher [irodiiet of tlie forent, prepnrai for the Dover machines.

DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CABTLE.

the barons for the perfonnance of the king's promises; but
even he joined the R^nch Prince Louis in 1216.

" Tlie King to Betdend Bloety greeting, — We conunand you,
strongly enjoining, that when our beloved and faithful
W. earl of Warren, or any of his people (aliqui de suis), shall
come to you, to receive him, and his men whom he may
bring with him, into our castles of Bremble and Knappe, to
remain in them as long as they choose, in witness whereof wc
send you these. Witness ourselves, at Windsor, the 22d day
of May, in the 16th year of our reign." (1214.) 16** Joh., Rot.
Pat, p. 168.

At this time King John thought it poUtic to come to terms
with the Braose family, and to restore Brambcr and Knepp,
not indeed to the heir, son of him who had perished in prison
four years previously, but to his uncle Giles, bishop of Here-
ford, who, after having actively taken the part of the barons
against the king, and recovered by force some of the family
castles in Wales, had now recently made his submission, and
having paid a fine, received the king's pardon and a grant of
the hereditary property of the Braoses. The following letter
authorises him to have seizin of Knepp Castle, but the bishop
unfortunately died in less than a month, November 17, 1215,
when about to assume possession. John de Monmouth, then
appointed the temporary warden of Knepp, had been a wealthy
ward of the bishop's father. To ensure the delivery of the
castle, the king sent his half-brother, William Longespee, earl
of Salisbury, who had steadily adhered to him ; but at length
the personal vn'ongs inflicted on him by the king's vices drove
this earl also, like Warenne, to desert him in the following
year, and join the French prince Louis.

" The King to Roeland Bloet, 8fc, — Know ye that we have
received our venerable father, E.^^ bishop of Hereford, into
our full favour, and have restored to him all the lands, tene-
ments, and castles of which his father was seized as in fee, in
consideration of the fine which the bishop has paid to us on
that account. We, together wdth the bishop aforesaid, have
committed to John of Monemouth the castle of Bremble, vdth

1® Egidius, Giles de Braose, bishop of Hereford, 1200-1216.

10 DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLK.

ita appurtenances, to be kept till a certain term, under special
condition made between us and the bishop. Wherefore we
command you, immediately, without delay, to surrender the
castle of Bremble to the said John of Monmouth ; and that
you cause, without delay, the same bishop to have full seizin
of Cnappe, with its houses and all its appurtenances, and of
all lands and tenements of which his father was seized in fee,
within your bailiwick. In testimony moreover of which we
send you these letters patent. Witness ourselves, at Ro-
chester, the 20th day of October, in the 17th year of our reign.
And that you should no further delay to execute this
command, and that you may the more securely dehver up the
castles aforesaid, as is enjoined, we send to you our brother
William, who shall tell you by word of mouth, on our part, that
you should give them up." (1215.) 17° Joh., Kot. Pat., p. 157.

" The King to the Constable of Brenible, 8fc. — Know that we
have intrusted to WUekin Bloet the castle of Bremble, to be
kept in his custody as long as it shall please us ; and there-
fore we command you, that you deliver to him the said castle
without delay, as the bearer of these presents, John, clerk of
John de Monmouth, shall tell you, and in witness hereof we
send him. Witness myself, at Rochester, 1st day of Decem-
ber." (1215.) 17" Joh., Rot. Pat, p. 160.

" Tlie Kiiiff to the Constable of Cnappe, ^c. — We conunand
you, without delay, to dehver up to our beloved and faithful
Reidand Bluet, the castle of Cnappe, with all its appurte-
nances, to keep during our pleasure : in testimony of which
we send you these. Witness ourselves, at Rochester, the 25th
day of November, in the 17th year of our reign. And it is
commanded to all of the honoiu- of Cnappe, to be obedient
and amenable to the same Reuland, as the bailiff of our Lord
the King." (1215.) 17" Joh., Rot, Pat., p. 160.

The above and succeeding documents were occasioned by
the sudden death of the newly-restored bishop. Godfrey de
Craucumb, who had apparently become warden of Knepp
Castle, had been employed by the king to convey from Ireland
to Bristol the bold Maud de Braosc, on licr seizure with her

BOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE. 11

SOD. She seems to have irritated the king by promises of
purchasing her husband WiUiam de Braose's pardon, by
40,000 marcs, which she afterwards refused to pay.

" Tke King to Godefroy de Craucumb, 8fc. — ^We command
you to' deliver up the castle of Cnappe, and the honour of
Bremb^, with dl which we had restored to the bishop of
Hereford, in case you have ahready received them, to our be-
loved and faithful Reuland Bloet, without delay, to be kept
during our pleasure. In testimony of which we send you
these. Witness ourselves, at Rochester, the 25th dav of Novem-
ber, m the 17th year of our reign." (1215.) 17^ Job., Rot. Pat.

" The King to Boeland Bloet^ greeting, — ^We send to you
Master Nicholas, commanding that you cause to be made,
without delay, in the forest of Knappe, as many good engine-
towers called Turkese (petrarias Tiurkesias**) as you can ....
\MS, defective^ .... to Dover, ready and prepared with ropes
and other things belonging to them ; and let the aforesaid
Nicholas have his pay as long as he shall be with you, ....
pence a day. Witnessed at Fo&estone, 3d day of May." (1216.)
17 Job., Rot. Glaus., p. 267, b.

" Tlie King to Boeland Bloet, 8fc. — ^We command you to
cause the castle of Cnappe, without delay, to be burnt and de-
stroyed (comburi et dirui), and in testimony of which we send
you these. Witness ourselves, at Wilton, the 1 3th day of
June, in the 18th year of our reign." (1216.) 18° Joh., Rot.
Pat., p. 187.

Whether this peremptory order was immediately acted upon
is unknown ; but it may partly account for the early disap-
pearance of Knepp Castle from history, and the removal of
the garrison at this time seems confirmed by a subsequent
order, when the king, at Leymenestre {Leominster, co, Here-
ford), on July 31, 1216, granted a safe conduct to the men of

" " Petraria," or petreria, petrorita, periere, Fr., was a large wooden turret, used in
sieges, to cast missiles from ; and this particular fort acquired the name of *■ Turkasia/ or
Tharcassia, carqnois, Fr., a quiyer. It was distinct from the mangonel, being often men-
tioned with it.

12 DOCUMENTS RELATING TO KNEPP CASTLE.

Roeland Bloet, allowing them to pass freely with their bag-
gage (hamesium) in any direction, without hindrance. Rot.
Pat., p. 192.

As King John died on October 19, only four months later
than the order of demolition, it is not at all probable that it
was fully executed in that short period, in the midst of civil
war, and with such imperfect methods of destruction as were
then known ; but fire could easily have rendered Knepp Castle
xminhabitable by a garrison, and so the king's object would be
fulfilled. A similar order of destruction was also given with
respect to Pevensey Castle, on the earl de Warenne's defection
at this time.

In the pressure of civil war. King John, though ready to
order the demoUtion of his own castle, yet was at times will-
ing to ensure the safety of his subjects by a compromise, and
very recently, on June 9, 1216, from Devizes, he had ad-
dressed to the barons of Winchelsea a permission, in case of
a descent of his enemy. Prince Louis of France, upon that
town, to offer him 200 marcs, to exempt the town from fire
and damage. 18^ Rot. Pat., p. 187.

There are but few subsequent notices of Knepp in the
Records. In 1218 there is a deed addressed to William de
Braose, relating to the honour of Cnapp (2"* Hen. Ill, Rot.
Pat.) In 1280, April 13, an order from William de Braose
to Ins bailiff is dated from Kneppe (Cartwright's Bramber).
In 1323-4 there is a grant allowing Alionora, widow of John
de Mowbray, to surrender to Hugh le Dispenser, earl of
Winchester, the notorious favourite of Edward II, the castle
and manor of Brembre in fee, and the manors of Knapp,
Shoreham, Horsham, and Beaubusson, in the county of
Sussex. 17" Edw. II, Rot. Pat.

The park of Knepp was however preserved ; and, in the
Tower Rolls, 1400, Pat. 1" Hen. IV, " the King appoints
John Pilton park-keeper of Knap Park, with the wages of
2d, a day, and other perquisites, during the minority of
Thomas Mowbray, son and heir of the late earl of Nottingham."

Following the fate of Bramber, the property of Knepp fell
into the hands of the crown four times within 26 years,
between 1546 and 1572, on so many successive attainders in
the Howard family.

TSf* w«»« r

ON AN ANCIENT RECTORY-IIOUSE,

IN THE PARISH OF WEST DEAN,
WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE CHURCH.

BY THE REV. GEORGE MILES COOPER.

(rBAD at BRIGHTON, DEC. 6, 1849.)

In the village of West Dean, near Seaford, is an ancient

structure, possessing, I think, a considerable degree of interest,

as a specimen of the domestic architecture of the middle

ages. Residences of the nobility and dignified ecclesiastics

of those times, in tolerable preservation, are of not unfre-

quent occurrence ; the skill and solidity with which they

were constructed, and the opulence of those great families or

official personages who have been their successive possessors,

having secured them from the ordinary fate of meaner and

more fragile edifices.

But specimens so complete as this, of what may be con-
sidered as the dwelling-houses of the middle class of the
people in that remote period, have not so often fallen under
niy own observation : and if I shall be able to show, by pro-
bable evidence, that this is one of the few instances of small
houses belonging to the 14th century, which have survived
the wreck of time, and come down abnost unimpaired to the
19th, those who are interested in the study of antiquities will
perhaps judge it to be worthy of some public notice.

Th& curious house, which belongs to the rectory, stands
contiguous to the churchyard, and is now tenanted by two
l*l>ourers. It is built, with a lavish expenditure for its size,
of stone and oak timber ; the former excellently cut for the
quoins, copings, door-arches, and muHions of the windows.
Its walls are about 14^ feet high, and 2ft. 6in. thick. It is
^tinguished by what I believe is generally thought a mark

" '"' " '-"^ ' -y-.T--. rv _■ ._

14 ANCIENT RECTORY-HOUSE

of high antiquity, a staircase (Plate I, fig. 1), whose walls, of
very sohd masonry, project externally, square without, and
semi-cylindrical within, roofed over with stone of good work-
manship, and attached to the north end of the house. This
contains a spiral stair of stone, forming the communication
between the two stories, the floor between which consists of
massive beams (15in. by 8in.), and joists (5 to 7in. by 5in.) ;
the entrances to the stejis, both above and below, being mas-
sive pointed arches, of equilateral proportion (Plate II, fig. 4).
The doors themselves are of oak, presenting, together with
their fittings, the appearance of great age. A small cellar,
half sunk below the surface, at the south end, seems to have
served for a store ; as does also a singular projecting part ,at
the south-west comer of the building, which is of quadran-
gular form, and had originally no light. A loft, extending
the whole length of the roof, which is comparatively modem,
lighted by two small, unglazed windows at the north end, and
accessible, only • by a ladder, may once have answered the
same purpose, but has long ceased to be used at all. Of the
fireplaces, the one below is so much disguised by modem
alterations, that I can hardly conjecture its original cha-
racter ; but that in the chamber above remains as at first, a
spacious hearth, raised above the fioor, and covered with a
projecting funnel (Plate II, fig. 3), which rests upon twQ
brackets, the whole of stonework, plain but substantial.

Upon a comparison of the two buildings, one might be led,
by general appearances, to assign to the rectory about the
same date as to the adjacent church. Both are built of the
same material, flint, faced with the green sandstone, found on
the coast at Eastboum, and so much used in the churches of
this neighbourhood. This forms here the mullions of the
windows, the arches, and other ornamental work, with occa-
sionally a small admixture, in the church, of sandstone of a
reddish colour. The house bears every note of a genuine
structure, unaltered in its main features to an extent which is
at flrst sight surprising, if it belong to the period which I
suppose.

There is no record that I am aware of, nor any tradition
going far back, which directly throws light upon the history
of this ancient building. But there are certain sources of

IN THE PARISH OF WEST DEAN. 15

information which may perhaps enable us to frame a prolmble
conjecture as to its origin and date. I find in the charters of
the Norman Abbey of St. Mary Grestein, as given in the
'Monasticon/ that amongst its English possessions were the
diuiches of East Dean and West Dean. It is well known
tliat the Priory of Wilmington was a cell of that foreign
abbey ; and amongst the references given by Tanner, relating
to tins priory, is one which mentions that the " Prior de Wil-
mington habet in proprios usus ecclesiam de Wilmington et
ecelesias sive praebendas de Est-dene et West ham'' — 'Y\w.
latter I take to be erroneously written Westham for West-
dene ; since West Dean is expressly named in the chartt^rs
above alluded to, whereas no mention is there made of West-
ham. At any rate it is certain that the church of fFest
Bean formed part of the possessions of St. Mary Grestein, of
which the prior and monks of Wihuington were first the ad-
ministrators and eventually the possessors. My conjecture
therefore is, that by theni was built the rectory-house. The
edifice, small as it is, would be too costly for the incumbent
of so moderate a preferment to have erected for himself ;
whilst it would be quite in keeping with the ampler resources
and possibly better taste of the monastery. The architectural
details also exhibited in the accompanying drawings, will
be found, I think, to confirm the supposition I venture to
make.

Now if it be conceded that the house was erected by the
Benedictine monks of Wilmington, this wiU enable us to
assign an approximate date. For as the priory was sup-
pressed towards the end of the reign of Henry IV, and its
estates transferred to the cathedral church of Chichester, the
chapter of which was confirmed in possession by statute
1 and 2 Henry V, the erection of the building must have
been antecedent to 1413, the year of Henry Vth's accession.
The priory ovred its origin to a grant of the manor of Wil-
mington to the Abbey of Grestein, in the reign of William I,
by Robert earl of Moreton ; and it appears fi*om the charter
that the church of West Dean vras part of the original gift
of that nobleman, about the end of the 11th century. From
these grounds, then, I am disposed to infer that this rectory-
house is not far short, if at all, of being 600 years old;

81 !■■ — I I i' ~ — ~ -Ti I I 111 I - - ■ — ' I ,,^
I I II — ■ r 1 1 I I . . . : . - ^_ . ^

ON AN ANCIENT RECTORY-HOUSE,

IN THE PARISH OF WEST DEAN,
WITH SOME REMARKS ON THE CHURCH.

BY THE REV. GEORGE MILES COOPER.

(rbad at b&ighton, dec. 6, 1849.)

In the village of West Dean, near Seaford, is an ancient
structure, possessing, I think, a considerable degree of interest,
as a specimen of the domestic architecture of the middle
ages. Residences of the nobiUty and dignified ecclesiastics
of those times, in tolerable preservation, are of not unfre-
quent occurrence; the skill and solidity with which they
were constructed, and the opulence of those great famihes or
official personages who have been their successive possessors,
having secured them from the ordinary fate of meaner and
more fragile edifices.

But specimens so complete as this, of what may be con-
sidered as the dwelling-houses of the middle class of the
people in that remote period, have not so often fallen under
my own observation : and if I shall be able to show, by pro-
bable evidence, that this is one of the few instances of small
houses belonging to the 14th century, which have survived
the wreck of time, and come down ahnost unimpaired to the
19th, those who are interested in the study of antiquities will
perhaps judge it to be worthy of some public notice.

Tina curious house, which belongs to the rectory, stands
contiguous to the churchyard, and is now tenanted by two
labourers. It is built, with a lavish expenditure for its size,
of stone and oak timber ; the former excellently cut for the
quoins, copings, door-arches, and muQions of the windows.
Its walls are about 14^ feet high, and 2ft. Gin. thick. It is
distinguished by what I believe is generally thought a mark

'""■""•■ '""—>'—-■—— - . . - ■ '' *~-' - - II (IS

IW Li

IN THE PARISH OF WEST DEAN. 17

fig. 5) of considerable beauty, G feet 4 inclies in span, spriiifx-
ing from short shafts, each consisting of three (*luster(Ml roinid
piUars 1 foot 9 inches high, with capitals 4 inches hi<;li, and
bases 7^ inches high, of roll moulding, resting upon soUd piers
of squared stone 4 feet high — Pleads from the nave through a
narrow belfiy (7 feet wide) to the western door.

In the east window (Plate III, fig. 5), 13 feet high and 7 feet
faroad, the mullions branch oft* into circular arches on each
side, the intersections of which form the conii)artinents for
the tracery with which the head is tilled. Inunediately below
it, across the whole width of the chancel, runs a string-coui^sc*
(Plate IV, fig. 4) of early English or decorated pattern, a roll
moulding, of which the upper part overlai)S the lower. The
two south windows (Plate III, tigs. 3, 4) have their jambs
considerably splayed ; that to the east, 4 feet (> iiurhes by
1 foot four inches, is a single, the other, (5 feet 3 inches
by 3 feet 9 inches, a double light, with a circuhir head,
induding a sexfoil, both having the interior recesses neatly
arched.

The window next the porch is a modern insertion. A
narrow single window on the north side, 4 feet 10 inches by
1 foot 3 inches, gives light to the pulj)it. The above are all
of pointed trefoil. On the outside of the north wall, towards
the tower, is a small window^ of very rude character, probably
Norman, 1 foot 9 inches by 6 inches, now stopped w ith flint-
work (Plate III, fig. 6.) The w^est window is of the per|)en-
dicular style.

In the opening of the single south window, just without
the altar-rsnl, is a piscina, let into the waU, and inclosed
between columns terminated above by the bottom of the
recess of the window (Plate III, fig. 4 ; Plate IV, fig. 2) ; this
gives them a truncated appearance, though probably at first
80 constructed. The basin is elegantly scalloped, radiating
from the centre. The remains of a stoup for holy water,
broken off close to the surface of the wall, are on the east
side of the south entrance.

The font is square and massive, placed upon a raised base
near the west door, supported in the centre by the usual
cylindrical drain, and at the comers bv four octagonal pillars ;
III. ' 2

18 ANCIENT RECTORY-HOUSE

like most of the stonework of these two buildings, it is in
perfect preservation. The earhest date one can assign to all
these details, except the west window, seems to be anterior to
1400. The soil of the churchyard is much higher than the
floor of the church, especially on the north side, partly owing
to the site having a natural slope to the south ; but the rise
of the surface at the west entrance, to the height of full twenty
inches, entirely concealing the siU and lower parts of the door
jambs, cannot be so explained, and must have taken place
subsequently to the erection of the building. It has doubt-
less resulted from that accumulation of matter which, in the
case of most of our ancient village churches, has raised the
surface of the churchyards so much above their original level.
This change can hardly have been produced in any sensible
degree, in so very small a village as this, by the human
remains consigned to their last resting-places, even in a
very long period of years. But it may be accounted for by
the consideration that, whenever vaults or steined graves are
made, the excavated earth is spread over the surface of the
churchyard ; and that fresh turf is continually introduced for
the purpose of covering new-made graves, or redressing those
which have decayed. Possibly, too, the debris of the edifice,
when destroyed or dilapidated, may have augmented the
accumulation. These, in the course of ages, appear quite
adequate causes for the change of level now observable, when
it is borne in mind that popular feeling everywhere forbids
the removal of the consecrated earth from the precincts of
the church. Thus, there are perpetual additions and no
abstractions.

Whether the Rectory House is of the age I have conjec-
tured, must be determined by its own evidences: to me,
these seem to warrant the conclusion I have drawn. It may
serve, perhaps, to strengthen this conclusion, that, in the
* Nonarum Inquisitiones' it is stated that the rector of this
church had then (a.d. 1340) "one messuage, & 7^ acres of
land, wherewith the church was endowed." The land remains
the same to this day, and I am disposed to believe in the
identity of the house.

William de Medestede, a namesake of one of the royal

IN THE PARISH OF WEST DEAN. 19

commissioners, was an attesting juror on that occasion ;
and miglit probably be the- incumbent, for he is styled
" clericus/* and said to be " de eadem parochia." The return
shows that the parish was then, as it is now, of small popula-
tion and importance ; for the rector's whole income, including
the annual value of the above-mentioned land and messuage,
together with " the customary offerings, and the tenth of hay,
pigeons, gardens, calves, pigs, flax, and other small tithe,"
was valued only at £1 16^.35. ; whilst there was no inhabitant
who lived by merchandise, nor had any dignitary, or other
ecclesiastical person (save the Prior of Wilmington), any
property therein. The ancient dovecote, with a numerous
tenantry, still remains, but the culture of flax has long since
disappeared.

Perhaps I may be allowed to add a few words upon a
question incapable, it may be, of any very positive solution,
but yet one of interest and curiosity.

AssER, bishop of St. David's, the friend and secretary of
Alfred, mentions, in his book ' De JElfrcdi Rebus gestis,' the
feet of his having had his first interview about the year 885,
with King Alfred at Dene,^ which DaUaway (vol. i, p. 174)
supposes to be East Dean, included in " Silleton" (or Single-
ton) in Domesday, afterwards held by the Earl of Arundel
(23 Hen. II) of the king, "in capite," as of the honour of
Arundel. A Dene also occurs in the Will of Alfred,^ which

' " His temporibiis ego quoque a rege advocatus de occiduis et ultimis Britannise
finibiis ad Saxoniam adyeni : cumque per multa terramm spatia iUum adire proposueram,
Joqae ad r^onem dexteralium Saxonum, quae Saxonice Suthseaxum appellatur, ductori-
boB cgnsdem gentis comitantibus perveni ; ibique ilium in villa regia, quae dicitur Dene,

primitas ^ndi," " dato revertendi pignore statuto tempore quarta die ab eo

equitaiites ad patriam remeayimus, sed cum ab eo discesseramus in Wintonia civitate
ftisu mfesta me arripuit.'' (Vide Asser, Odon, 1722, p. 47)

* Win of King Alfred, ed. Rev. Owen Manning, 4to, Oxon, 1788, p. 17 : — " To my
ddest son (Ethelward), the land at Eaderingtune, and that at Dene, and at Meone, and
at Ambresbyry, and at Deone, and Sturemynster, and at Gifle, and at Cruoen, and at
WUftdiiireh, and at Axemouth, and at Brancescumbe, aud at Columtune, and at Twyfyrd,
aid at Mylenbum, and at Exanmynster, and at Suthewyrth, and at Liwtune, and the
linda that thereto belong, which are all that I in Weal district have, except Triconshire.
f. 19. " And to Athehn, my brother's son, the manor at Ealdingbum, and at Cumtunet
and at Cmndell, and at Beadtng, and at Beadinghammet and at Bumhamf and at

22 ANCIENT RECTORY-HOUSE IN WEST DEAN.

water. The very name of the town Alfriston, hard by, seems
to savour of the king as its founder. In the absence of more
cogent proofs these are sufficient, I think, to render it sup-
posable that this sequestered spot is the Dene once dignified
by the presence of the great Alfred.

Subsequent inquiry leads me to conclude that the family
settled at West Dean was that of the Heringauds ; for I find :

A. D. 1081-7 . . — (I) Rafyh holds of the Earl, in Dene, viii hides. (Domesday.)

Temp. H. II ; 1 — (2) Ralph de Dene (whom I take to be his son or grandson) founds
t. e. V " Otteham " (in Hailsham), for monks of the order of Premontr^ ; his

1154 to 1189. J daughter Ela marries Jordan de Sackville; and about a. d. 1200 Ra^h
Heringod (probably Ela's father with the addition of his surname) and Jordan
de SaukviU both give land to Grestein. (Tanner, p. 560, and Charter of Grestein.)

1200 to 1250. — (3) Robert de Dene (son of Ralph and brother of Ela), by his wife
Sibylla, has Rafyh de Icklesham and Robert de Dene; the daughter of the
former, Sibylla de Icklesham (who seems to have been sole heiress), carries
Icklesham (and it would appear Dene also) by marriage to Nicolas Heringod.
(Authorities cited in Horsfidd.)

1269 — (4) Then: son Ralph Heringod obtains a charter of free warroi for his

manor of Icklesham. (Burrell MS. 5679.)

1296 — (5) John Heringaud, Villata de Exetes (m W. D. parish), is taxed

45». 7kd, (Unpublished Subs? Roll, conmiunicated by Mr. Blaauw.) This
must be the man whom Edw. I. visited in 1305 — ^for,

1302 to 1313 — (6) John Heringaud sits six times in parliament as knight of the shire
for Sussex.

1333 — (7) Henrg de West Dene is knight of the shire.

1340 — (8) Thomas Heringaud appears as a resident in W. D. in the Nonas

Retiun.

Upon the whole, it seems highly probable that the Heringods
were all along possessors of both Dene and Icklesham ; and
that Sibylla the second married a cousin.

LEASE OP THE FREE CHAPEL OF MIDHURST,

IN 1514.

COMMUNICATED BY

SIR HENRY ELLIS, K.H., F.S.A., &c. &c.

FROM MS. COTTON, CLAUD. E. VI, F. 141.

" This Indenture made betwene S' Thomas Docwra, Prior of
Hospitall of Saint John Jerusalem in England, and his bredren
Enightes of the same hospitall uppon that one partie, and
Robt. Eybrisshe, of Midhurst, in the countie of Sussex,
yoman, uppon that othre partie, witnessith that the said prior
and his bredren, by ther hole assent and auctorite of ther
Chapiter have graunted and letten to ferme to the said
Robert Eybrisshe ther free chapell of Midhurst, in the countie
aforesaid, with the oblacions of the same, a garden platt lying
next to the same chapell, two medowes, ten crofts and feldes,
a wilde bethland, with a quyte rent of viij*. by yere, for tythes
going out of ij. milles at Mydhurst aforesaid, which garden
plat, ij. medowes, x. crofts and feldes, wilde hethland and
quite rent are belonging to the seid fre chapell aforesaid,
woodes and under woodes except, and to the said prior and his
successors already reserved : To have and to hold the forsaid
fre chapeD, oblacions, garden plat, ij. meadowes, x. croftes
and feldes, wilde hethland, and quite rent, to the forsaid
Robert and to his assignes fro the fest of Seint Mighell
tharchangell last past before the date herof unto thend and
terme of xlj. yeres than next folowing, and fully to be ended.
Yelding and paying therfor yerely, in the tresourye hous of
Saint Johns besides London to the forsaid prior and his suc-
cessors xxxiij*. mjd. sterhng, at the festes of the Annunciacion
of our Lady and of Seint Mighell tharchangell, by even por-
tions ; and also bering and paying all maner of quite rentes,
quinzyms and subsides going out of the said fre chapell,

24 IREE CHAPEL OF MIDIIURST.

garden plat, medowes, croftes and feldes, and wilde hethland,
during the seid terme ; also, the said Robert and his assignea
shall here the costes of all manor of reparacions of the said
fre chapell and paling of the same, and shall sufficiently close,
hedge, and fence the said garden plat, meadowes, croftes and
feldes during the said tenne ; and shal have, as ofte as nede
shall require, doing no waste, tymbor, palebote, and hedge-
bote out of the said grounde for the reparacons aforesaid,
dlu^ng the said terme. Also, the seid Robert and his assignes
shall fynde one honest preste to say masse in the seid free
chapell, at iiij. festes every yere, during the seid terme, that is
to say ; in the feat of Seint Thomas of Canturbei-y, in Criste-
masse weke, in the fest of the Nativite of seint John Baptist,
in the fest of the Translacion of seint Thomas of Canterbery,
and in the fest of the Decollacion of semt John Baptist.
Furthermore, the forsaid Robert eonfesseth, by thies presentes,
that he hath in keping certen ornaments, to be occupied in
the seid fre chapell, the parcelles wherof be writen particn-
larly uppon the bak of this endenture. AH whiche parcelles the
said Robert and his assignes shall deliver to the seid prior and
his successors at thende of the seid terme, for the use of the
said fre chapell. And if it happen the forsaid yerely rent and
feruie of xxxiij"' iiij'*' sterling to be behynde and not payed,
in part or in the hole, after any terme of payment aforsaid, by
the space of xl. daies, than it shalbe liefull to the said prior,
and to his successors, to reentre into the forsaid free chapell,
garden plat, croftes, and feldes, with thappurtenances ^ore
specified ; and all the same to enjoye, as in ther first astate,
this present lease and endenture in any wisse notwithstand-
ing. And to all and singler paymentes and covenauntes afore
specified in this endentm-e, winch the said Robert Eybrisshe
and his assignes aght to performe and kepe wele and truely to
be performed and kept, the said Robert Eybrisshe bjTideth
him, his hefres and executors, to the said prior, and to his
successors, in ten raarkes sterling, by thies presentes.

" In witnes wherof to that one part of theis endentures
remanyng with the said Robert Eybrisshe, the said prior and
his bredren hath putt their common seall, and to that other
part of the same endentures remanyng with the said prior, the
said Robert Eybrisshe hath putt his seall. Ycven in oiu"

FREE CHAPEL OF MIDHURST. 25

chapitor holden in our house of Saint John's of Clarkenwell,
besides London, the xj**" day of January, in the yere of our
Lord God Mcccccxiiij, the vi. yere of the reigne of Kyng llenry
the viij****

" In capella de Midhurst. First, a Utle chalesse, with the
paten of silver, and gilt. Item, a fair table of Sayiit Thomas
of Canterbery, of alabaster. Item, a vestment of white silk,
the grounde therof blak, the orfrayes grene and blak silk, with
Albe, Amys, stole and fanon. Item, two stayiied clothes of
white for the alter, of dyvers ymages. Item, three altcT clothes,
two of dyaper and one playne. Item, a corporas caas of blak
damask, with the clothe. Item, a fair superaltare of marbil.
Item, a Utle mas-booke, in secundo folio ' cibauit ex adipe,'
Item, an other mas-booke, in secundo folio ' et angelus.' Item,
two cruettes of tynne."

ORDERS OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL OF JAMES I,

TO THE SHERIFF AND JUSTICES OF SUSSEX,

ON THE TOO GREAT CHEAPNESS OF CORN IN 1619, AND ITS DEARTH IN 1621.

COPIED FROM BURRELL MSS. 5702, ff. 262, 263.

BY W. H. B.

" After out very harty commendations, whereas the king-
dom hath of late years, by the special blessing and favour of
God, abounded with such plenty and store of com, as that the
price thereof is become so small and low, as tend greatly to
the ympoverishing as well of the farmers as the owners
of such land as consisteth of tillage and grain, in respect
whereof complaints have been made unto us from divers
parts of the realm, that many farmers have been forced, these
two last precedent years, through the extraordinary cheapnes
of com, to leave their farms, and the owners to loose such
benefit and profitts, as otherwise was to accrue unto them from
the same ; upon consideration whereof, forasmuch as it hath
been always the care of the state to provide, as well to keep
the price of com in times of plenty at such reasonable rates
as may afford incouragement and lyveliehood to the farmers
and husbandmen, as to moderate the rates therof in times
of scarcity for the relief of the poorer sort — His Majesty, in
his high wisdom, finding it requisite that some expedient be
thought of for remedy herein, hath commanded us to require
you to confer and advise of some fitt place within that county,
where a magazine may best be provided for the keeping and
stoaring of some reasonable quantity of com, according to the
use and practise of all poUitick and well ordered states, at such
rates and prices as may best serve, as well for the comfort
and encouragement of the farmer now in the time of plenty, as
for the relief of the country upon all occasions of scarcity ;

ORDERS OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL OF JAMES I. 27

the charge and stock wherof, as it must arise from the
comitry by such ways and means as may best suit with
conveniency, and as in your knowledge and experience shall
be thought meet, so will the benefit be redoubled, to the
general good of the same upon all occasions that may fall
out ; in regard wherof we doubt not of your best care and dilli-
gence, and require you to acquaint the judges, at the next
assizes, with your proceedings herein, that such farther order
may be taken as shall be meet ; and so we bid you hartely
farewell.

Whitehall y this 26th of January, 1619.

" You shall understand that we have made the like addresses
to all other counties of the realm.

Your very loving friends,

G. Cant.^ Fr. Verulam, Canc.^ E. Worcester.^

La. Winton.* T. Arundell.^ G. Carew.

J. Digbie. T. Edmondes. Robert Naunton.

Fulke Greville. Jul. Caesar. Lionell Cranfield.

To our very loving friends, the High Sheriff and
Justices of Peace of the county of Sussex."

[Sir John Rowland was the sheriff of Sussex in 1619.]

FoUo 263. — " After our harty commendations, the unseason-
ableness of the last summer, together with the sudden rising of
the price of com, and the scarcity which is found in many
counties of the realm, hath made his Majesty to take into his
princely consideration what course may best be taken for pro-
vision in that kind to be taken for the benefit and reUef of his
subjects, and to that purpose, his majesty's pleasure is, and
we do hereby, in his majesty's name, will and require you (ac-
cording: to our like directions in this behaK to some other
counties), that taking a perfect survey and information of the

* George Abbot, Archbishop.

^ Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, Chancellor.
3 Edward Somei-set, Earl of Worcester.

* Lancelot Andrews, Bishop of Winchester.

* Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey.

28 ORDERS OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL OP JAMES I.

stores in that county, you return certificate unto us with all
expedition what provisions and stores of com, as well old as I
that of the last year's growth, are now in the country ; what il
quantity may well be spared out of the same, for furnishing of \
other parts of the kingdom, as need shall require, and what i
hopes and expectation you have of the next harvest ; and so
we bid you hartely farewell.

M-om Wliitehally the ^th of March, 1621.

Your loving friends,

G. Cant. Jo. Lincohie, C. S.^ L. Cranfield.

Lenox.'^ Arrundel and Surrey. G. Carew.

J. Digbie. H. Mandevill. T. Edmonds.

Geo. Calvert. C. Edmonds."

[Richard Michelbome was the sheriff of Sussex, 1620-21.]

^ John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, the Lord Keeper (Custos Sigilli).
7 Lodovick, Duke of Lennox, afterwards Duke of Richmond.

ON THE CASTLE OF BELLENCOMBRE,

BY MH. M. A. LOWER.

BKAD AT ABQHDEI., AOODHT 9, 1849.)

The interest in the early history of the Oe Warenne family,
eidted by the discovery of the remains of William de Warenne
and Gnndrada, at Lewea Priory, in 1845, led me, during a
recent brief stay in Normandy, to viait the principal scat of
lliat ancient race — the Caatlc of Bellencombre.

For this purpose I left La Chapelle, the chateau of M. de
Breaute, member of the Institute of France, in company with
M. I'Abbe Cochet, of Dieppe, our foreign associate, taking
in our way the towns of Longueville and S, Victor, the former
celebrated for its castle and abbey, buUt in the eleventh century
by the Giffards, Earls of Buckingham, and the latter for its
monastery, founded by William the Conqueror.

30 CASTLE OF BELLENCOMBRE.

At the distance of a league and a half from S. Victor, at a
place little known to the antiquary and rarely visited by the
tourist, stand the remains of the habitation of the once potent
De Warennes. A picturesque village of one broad street,
consisting of irregular antique houses, chiefly constructed with
wood, and flanking the humble mairie, constitutes the bourg of
Bellencombre, which occupies a very agreeable and picturesque
situation on the western side of the river Varenne. This river,
which rises in, and gives name to, the neighbouring commune
of Omonville-sur- Varenne, is now more generally known as
the riviere d'Arques, because it passes the castle and town of
Arques on its way to join the Bethune, which debouches a few
miles northward at the haven of Dieppe. The town itself, in
early times, bore the same name as the river, and from it the
De Warennes took their surname. It was not until the grace-
ful mound upon which the castle stands had been cast up, that
the spot assumed another name, and was called Bellencombre,
which, as Mr. Stapleton observes, may be literally translated
Bcllus Cumulus, " the fair mound or pile."^ At the present
day, Bellencombre is the chef-lieu of a canton in the arrondisse-
nicnt of Dieppe, containing a population of less than 1000
inhabitants.

The castle of Bellencombre recently belonged to M. Godard
de Bclbeuf, of the Chateau de Belbeuf, near Rouen, and pre-
viously to the Duchess de Fontaine-Martel, near Bulbec,
chatelaine de Cleres, who married the Duke de Bethune-
Charrost. It is now in the hands of a small proprietor named
M. DiUard.

It occupies the artificial mound alluded to, and is appa-
rently about 100 feet above the river Varenne. A few massive
walls of stone and brick, once a portion of the keep or donjon,
constitute the whole of the existing remains. Nor wiU this
excite siu^)ri8c, when I state that the property was purchased
by the present possessor for the sum of 10,000 francs, in the
year 1836, for the express purpose of selling the materials;
and so little ashamed is the old man of his sordid spohation,
that he told us, with an air of the utmost satisfaction, that he
had, within the last ten years sold 18,000 feet of freestone,

^ Vide Archiwlogical Journal, vol. iii, p. 6.

CASTLE OF BELLENCOMBRE. 31

procured by the demoKtion of the two entrance towers only.
The height of these towers was about 50 feet. Unless some
friendly influence should arrest the progress of destruction, in
a few years more it will have to be said of Bellencombre —

« Etiam perienmt Ruinae \"

In the middle of the donjon, according to M. Dillard's state-
ment, stood a Chapel, no remains of which are now visible.
The area, inclosed by the vallum and fosse, measures between
two and three acres, and includes the parish church of St.
Peter. Withiu the memory of man, a long flight of steps,
extended from the warder's lodge to the keep ; but this also
has disappeared

The accompanying etchings have been made from drawings
taken on the spot id 1832, before the building was delivered
over to the spohating cupidity of M. Dillard. At that date it
consisted chiefly of two lofty round towers, with machicolations ;
but the battlements had disappeared. Between the towers
were a principal and a side gateway ; and over these were two
longitudinal openings, by means of which the drawbridge was
raised. Internally the towers were square ; but the inner walls
of the left hand tower had been removed previously to 1832.

I need hardly state, that the present owner of Bellencombre
Castle had never heard the name of a De Warenne !

Very httle appears to be known of the history of the descent
of this castle. That it was the caput haronice of the Earls of
Warenne is beyond question, although the Norman antiquaries
and historians scarcely recognise the fact. Indeed, I was
assured, by a very erudite archaeologist, that the earliest record
respecting it to be met with in Normandy was dated no earUer
thm the time of John sans Terre?' It is not, therefore, sur-
prising that Dr. Watson, the English historian of the family,
gives only two or three incidental notices of Bellencombre. It
appears from Dugdale, that William de Warenne, the second
earl, with Isabel, alias Elizabeth, his wife, gave to the church of
All Saints, at Belencumbre, and the infirm brethren there
serving God, all his arable lands at S. Martin's, probably part

' M. Leprevofity however, in his notes to the * Roman de Ron/ speaking of the De
WaiehneSy says : '* Us poss^daient dans notre province, entre autres domaines, la terre et le
Chfiteau de Bellencomhre.'' (Roman de Rou, p. 241.)

32 tASTLE OF BULI.KNfOMBRR. ■

of the ancient paternal estate of the family. The brethren thua
referred to were the constituents of a hospital of lepers, founded
here in early times. Isabel, Countess de Warenne,^ likewise,
in the year 1135, gave to these lepers the sum of one hundred
shillings, arising out of the boroxigh of Lewes.*

William, fourth Earl of Warenne, by accord between King
Stephen and Henry Duke of Normandy, resigned certain rights,
on condition that Reguiald de Warenne (son of William the
second Earl) should, if he thought fit, have the custody of the
castles of Bellencombre and Mortimer, giving hostages to the
duke for the same, utitU Henry should become king of
England.^

On the separation of England and Normandy, the connexion
of the De Warennes with Bellencombre ceased. The castle,
however, remained as a fortress till a much later date. In the
parish church (which exhibits very evident traces of the style
known among us as that pertaining to the Norman period, and
which was probably erected by one of the early earls) is an in-
cised slab, with an inscription which shows that the governor-
ship of the castle was an office existing bo lately as the year
1519. It is to the following effect r

" Beneath lie the viscera and iutestines of the late 'noble
and puissant Lord, Monsieur James de Moy, in his
lifetime Chevalier, Baron of Moy, and hereditary
Castellan of this land, lordship, and castehy of
BeUencomhre. His heart and body are buried in
the collegiate church of Moy. He died on Sunday,
the 12th of February, in the yeai- of grace 1519."^

' In the MS. iKmk of deeds relating to Levies Priory (Veapaa. F. nv, in Br. Mua.) the
name of Willltmi de Bellencombre twice occurs, as a witness to coiifirmaltiry charters of
Connless Isabells, together with Reginald de Warenne, William his eon, Oddo priest of
Roger de Warenne, Ac. (f. 31, 35.)

' Dugd. Mon. Watson's Memoirs of the Earls of W.

5 Chr. Nor. 993. Hohnghed's Chroa. Watson.

^ " Cg Hcaacrua Ttposmt Ita iiscErre ct inteslintB He fni nnWt :t ptiissanl Sriffunir
^tonflinir Smqura tit ffloB, ni Ban liilianl CijE^islitr ISarim lu 6irt lira ic i&ao, tl
ffiljaffltllain I)trcliilal it ttstt tcuc samm tt cfiiBttllEnsc Be Btllowombvc. Ctnir cf
carjJB Unqucl rat inijumi m Vt^lm HToEtgial 6u Birt litu it fHag ; il tirapassa k igmccc
rij. jour III Jriiutitr, I'an It gnwe mil riiiq ana fiii nniF."

CASTLE OF BELLENCOMBRE. 33

Under the inscription are the arms of Moy : Gules, fretty
or, of 6 pieces — a coat which, according to D'Eschavannes*
' AimoriaL Universel/ was borne by a family of this name in
Picardy.

At a still later period the castle must have been in a habit-
able state, as pieces of marble moulding, not older than the
17th century, are to be found among the nibbish. About six
years since an oblong slab, of black marble, inscribed with the
following lines, was found in the garden. It is certainly of the
same period.

" MON . HONNEUR . ET . MA . VIE

SONT . DEVX . LOTS . DE . MON . BIEN .

QVAND . l'uNE . m'eST . RAVIE .

L* AUTRE . NE . m'eST . PLUS . RIEN."

I inquired of M. Dillard if any other articles had been found,
and he stated that about two years since his wife had picked
up a silver ring and an antique spiu-, both of which she had
sold. Many tiles of medieval date had also been found. The
greater part of them were taken from a corridor in the castle,
and are now laid down in the kitchen of the old man's cottage.

I was fortunate enough to procure one relic of extremely
interesting character, for which this modem Baron of Bellen-
combre demanded the moderate sum of two francs, and the
sale of which seemed to him a very satisfactory transaction.
It is a bronze wyvern — ^in the opinion of M. I'Abbe Cochet, of
the 13th centiuy. The wyvern or two-legged dragon was the
crest or rather badge of the De Warenne family ; and the
article in question bears a striking general resemblance to
some drawings of it made in the time of Henry VII, and en-
graved at page 13, vol. i, of Watson. The only material
difference between them is, that the latter have expanded
checquy wings, while in my bronze figure the wings are close,
and very slightly reheved from the back. I may mention that
Alice, Countess of Warenne, and consort of John, the seventh
earl, was buried in Lewes Priory, in 1.290, before the high
altar, under a marble tomb, whereon was sculptured a wyvern,
or heraldric dragon, with a branch in its mouth. The coin-
cidence may be accidental, but it is certainly highly curious,
and deserving of further consideration.

III. 3

nr.t.l.RNCOHBRE.

TIhsc few fticU, however mwifirc tbey may appear, nre all
tliiit 1 WHS cnHblcd tn glvan n-gflMtiig tliii) oiirt'-importaiit oiitl
iiitert'st ing 8[wt. I trust, Iiowcmt, llitit tlu-ir ri'liitiuu to Sussex
liistorv. iiinl tliiir njuiurtum with u ilistilifOiislu'd nuv, repre-
sentee! at this time l»y the iiohlc pmprictor of Aninclcl, will
reiiiler thciii iuT<-ntnlile to the raemlH-rs of a Society which
may tnily \n.' said to linve betni culkrd into existcm«; by the
discovery of the Iwiiics of Wilhniu tie Warcniie and Guodrada.

LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER (1222-24), AND CHANCELLOR TO KING HENRY III.

FROM THE TOWRR MAS.

BY W. H. BLAAUW, ESQ.

(read at meetinos in 184H and 1849.)

The invaluable stores of our national Records, the soundest
materials of English history, have been often augmented in old
times by the exercise of royal power in seizing the private
papers of some fallen statesman, or some conspicuous offender ;
and though the examination of such documents may now prove
that they might have been safely left in the owner's possession,
yet we may, in these later times, gladly accept their aid in illus-
tration of the social state and manners of a remote period. It
is probably owing to some such seizure that the following,
hitherto unpublished, letters are now found among the MSS. of
the Tower of London.

Although Ralph de Nevill, the Bishop of Chichester, to whom
they are addressed, was a man of great eminence both in church
and state, yet no poUtical secrets are revealed and no treason
whispered in them ; but as they include perhaps the earUest
^miliar details extant relating to the management of a landed
estate, we may be able to glean from them some interesting
particulars of the agriculture and condition of Sussex in the
thirteenth century.

Matthew Paris, who must have been personally acquainted
with Ralph de Nevill, sketches his character in glowing colours,
as " an imshaken column of truth, who dispensed to every one,
especially to the poor, his rights justly and without delay ;"
but, on the other hand, he has been denounced by the noble
biographer of the Chancellors as an intriguer and an extortioner.
Although the connection of Ralph with the great family of Nova

36 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

Villa or Nevill is not traced by Dugdale in his Baronage, nor
by Mr. Rowland in his foho History of the Nevills, yet there
can be no doubt of it : he appears to have been bom at Raby,
CO. Durham, and Hugh, the head of the family, addressed many
letters to him as to a kinsman, which are still extant among
these MSS. ; and as Hugh steadily adhered to King John
during his troubles, it was probably by his influence, as
well as by his own study of the law, that Ralph advanced.
Many preferments were heaped upon him in those days of
pluralities, including Hambleden and Ludgershall, co. Bucks,
and Ingham, co. Lincoln, all within the diocese of Lincoln, as
well as Edmundthorpe, afterwards referred to, and Stratton ;
and in April, 1214, he became Dean of Lichfield.

The gratitude of Ralph de Nevill towards his early patron.
King John, was shown by his afterwards building a chapel out-
side Chichester, and establishing two chaplains to pray there
for the soul of that king. Early in the reign of Henry HI, about
1219, he was employed in the office of the Close Rolls, in con-
junction with the long's treasurer, and also appears to have
exercised much authority in the Chancery, either as a principal
clerk, or an appointed deputy to Richard de Marisco, bishop of
Durham, who had been chancellor from 1212, and in this
capacity he acted some years. There was a prevalent feeling
at the time that judges should be irremoveable, in order to
support their independence, and it was not tUl 1222 that
Marisco, at length jrielding to insults and importunities, re-
signed his office. His letter of reproof to Ralph de Nevill,
who had written to him without giving him the title of Chan-
cellor, by which, as he observes, even the pope and cardinals
had addressed him, is among these MSS. ; but having been
pubUshed by Lord Campbell (vol. i, p. 128), is not here re-
peated. Ralph de Nevill having at length received the great
seal, as chancellor, in 1222, he is said by some to have advised
the king to annul Magna Charta, and to have raised money by
extortion. He had held the dignity of Dean of Lichfield, as
we have seen, and he was also Chancellor of Chichester before
he became bishop of that diocese, Nov. 1222, his consecration
taking place at Easter, 1224, for the feast on which occasion
Henry III gave him four casks of Gascon wine and twelve
bucks. He appears to have attended the king in 1223, in the

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 37

wars on the Welsh borders, and to have fled with him, stripped
of everything, after being there defeated.

A life tenure of his office, as chancellor, was secured to hiiu
by the king's grant, on Feb. 11, 1227 ; and in May, 1234,
the Chancery of Ireland was also intrusted to him, on similar
terms. His character stood so high, that on the death of
Archbishop Wetherstead, Aug. 3, 1231, Ralph de Ncvillwas
elected his successor by the monks of Canterbury, although his
confirmation was refused by the Pope, on account of his
active and uncompromising spirit, accorchng to Matthew Paris.
He remained therefore Bishop pf Cliichestcr, but in 1237 was
unexpectedly elected Bishop of Winchester, much to the dis-
pleasure of the king, who wanted the see for a relation of his
own, and called all those who had voted for Nevill " fools."
Ralph de Nevill of his own accord declined this honour, but
he refused to resign his civil office on the demand of the com-t,
m this imitating his predecessor, who had so long tried his own
patience by keeping him out of power. When the king there-
fore in his anger compelled him, in 1238, reluctantly to give up
the great seal, at Winchester, and the duties of his office, and
faani3hed him from court, he retained in his retirement both the
title and the emoluments of chancellor. It was apparently on
this occasion that the collection of the foUowmg letters fell
into the king's hands, as they appear to be all anterior to these
circumstances. He was replaced in power in 1242, by his
friend Hubert de Burgh, and continued chancellor till death
lawfully terminated his long tenure of dignity, on Feb. 1, 1244,
in his noble palace, on the spot now occupied by Lincoln's
hm. Matthew Paris, his contemporary, says he was "con-
spicuously Uberal to his church,'* and the beautiful spire of his
cathedral is said to have been begun by him.

Most of the letters being written in a plain, business-Uke
manner, there will be no risk of losing any beauties of diction by
translating them from Latin to English, introducing a few speci-
mens of the Latin style, and quoting the original words also
where any doubtful or remarkable phrases occur likely to interest
the curious reader. It may be observed that the numbers pre-
fixed merely indicate their casual arrangement at. the Tower,
but have no reference at all to their date, very few indeed fur-
mshing evidence of the exact time when they were written.

88 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

There are a few letters among the collection, three, indeed,
written by Ralph de Nevill himself, which refer to a period
before he had attained to his highest dignities ; the following
urgent request for venison, however, proves him to have been
then a rising man, though directed to him only as " Master*'
(magistro). It must have been written therefore before 1214,
when he became Dean of Lichfield ; but he may have been
already acting as the unwelcome deputy of the chancellor.
T. de Hoyland was probably a Yorkshireman ; but how he was
connected with Lincoln does not appear.

•
383. " lb Ais dearest companion, Ralph de Nevill, Master,
Thomas de Holland, greeting, and the affection of sincere love. —
It is reported to me, that you, being established in great power,
and fully obtaining the favour of your Lord (Domini vestri
gratiam plane obtinentes), are able easily, out of the abundance
of venison, to satisfy your friend in need of such a thing ; we
scholars indeed, dweUing at Lincoln (nos quidem scolares
Lincolniam moram facientes), neither find venison meats to be
sold (nee camesvenatorias emendas nee largitorem comperimus),
nor do we find any one to give it us ; I supplicate therefore
earnestly your hberality, on which I fully rely, by my friend, the
bearer of this, that as it may not be troublesome to you to
succour me with as much of this kind as you please, so it
would be glorious to me, if I should be able by your bounty to
set before my companions dwelling with me (commorantibus
mecum sociis), among other things to be set on the table, such
as are so rare among us ; and if perchance you should not be
able to satisfy my petition at present, which heaven forbid,
(quod absit) arrange if you please so that within a certain
period to be notified to my messenger, I may have one beast
(unam habeam bestiam), from some one of our friends.
Farewell."

Several letters address Ralph de Nevill as Dean of Lich-
field, and belong therefore to the period between 1214 and
1222. It is evident that he then transacted much of the
chancery business. Among these, one letter (No. 639), from
Hubert de Burgh the justiciary, consults him as to a treaty
with the papal legate ; another (No. 644), from Peter, bishop

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 39

of Winchester, is about legal proceedings of the sheriff of
Devonshire; another (No. 387), about a writ of attainder, is
written by Hugh de Nevill, as " to his dearest friend and
kinsman" (consanguineo suo).

The three famiUar letters, written at this time by Ralph de
Nevill himself to his man of business, display him actively em-
ployed in procuring a horse promised him, borrowing money
because he was out of cash, providing reluctantly for the services
of his parish church of Thorp, and lajdng in a store of dried
fish, wax-candles, and a cloak. That he farmed attentively now,
as afterwards when bishop, seems indicated by his wanting iron
and steel for his ploughs, and his looking forward to the grind-
ing his own com. Geoflfty le Sauvage, probably the dean's
correspondent and agent at Thorp, became a justiciary in 1222,
marriedMatilda, daughter of Hugh leDespenser, and died 1230.
(Foss's Judges, ii, p. 464.) From the mention of the fair of
St. Edmund, it is clear that, though there are numerous parishes
named Thorpe in various counties, the dean's rectory was Ed-
mundthorpe,^ otherwise called Meringthorp, or Edmerethorp,
on the eastern border of Leicestershire, in the gift of the crown.

384. " Ralph de Nevill, Dean of Lichejield, to his beloved
and faithful Geofiiy Salvage, greeting. — Know that Henry de
Ver has promised me a palfrey, which he will cause to be bought
at the fair of St. Edmund (in nundinis S. Edmundi), and I
order you therefore to search out his arrival at the fair with
every sort of diligence, with whom if you shall be able to find
him, agree about this matter efficiently, and receive the palfrey,
ancj transmit it to me, taking care that I may have my monies
at the appointed periods, advancing my other matters of busi-
ness which I have enjoined you and committed to you, that I
may be grateftd to you. Farewell."

885.^ " Balph de Nevill y Bean of lAchejield, to the faithful
Geoffiy Salvage, greeting. — Returning you thanks for your

^ In Nichors Ldcestershire, this name is erroneously conjectured to have arisen from
the grant made, in 1266, to Edmund Earl of Lancaster.

3 385. " Rad: Nevill Decanus de Lichefeld, fideli G. Salvage, salutem. Grates vobis
referendo de diligencia vestra apposita circa expeditionem negociorum meorum, vobis
signifioo quod, quia non sum valde nummosus, scripsi celerio et sacriste S<^ Edmundi

40 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

diligence applied in the dispatch of my business, I signify to
you that, because I am not very fall of cash, I have written to
the cellarer and to the sacristan of St. Edmund, that one of them
should accommodate me with 40^., to be delivered to you for
the dispatching of those matters of my business which do not
admit of delay, and do you receive that money, if possible, from
one of these, and buy pigs therewith ; and since I dare not con-»
tradict your commands, I send you a writ of ** Pone," for the
use of your kinsman ; besides which my chaplain of Thorp,
V^ho is at Thorp, has requested me to grant to my parishioners,
for the use of my church of Thorp, which is not a Uttle in need
of them, and I am willing that you should dehver them to him.
He has also informed me, that you, on my behalf, have granted
to him alterage to the value of ,three marcs, and two marcs a
year to be received at the time of grinding my wheat, and
since that agreement is a fair one, because it cannot be done
otherwise, I am content that it should be so done, and that you
hold to that agreement with him. Farewell."

There appear to be some clerical errors and omissions in the
original Latin of the above letter, which leaves in doubt what
his Thorp parishioners had asked for. It seems clear, how-
ever, that he had no ready money, and therefore begrudged
appointing " alterage," that is to say, provision for the support
of divine service, arising from offerings at the altar or other-
wise, and only submits to it as a bad bargain. There was then
a vicar or curate in common to the two adjoining rectories of
Edmundthorpe and Wymondham, and with him this unwilling
agreement was apparently made. The cool promise of a king's
writ to serve his friend's kinsman is worth noting. The writ
of " Pone" authorised the removal of a cause depending in an
inferior to a higher court.

quod alter illorum accommodet mihi xl solidos vobis tradendos negocia mea expedienda
que dilaeionem non capiunt, et vos, si fieri potest, denarios illos de altero illorum recipiatis,
et porcos inde ematis, et quoniam non sum ausus contradicere mandatis vestris mitto
vobis literam de pone ad opus cognati vestri ; preterea rogavit me capellanus meus de
Thorp, qui est apud Thorp, coneederem parochianis meis ad opus ecclesie mee de Thorp,
que non modice inde indiget, et yoIo quod eas ei liberetis, preterea mandavit mihi quod
vos ex parte mea concessistis ei Alteragium pro tribus marcis, et duos marcas per annum,
recipiendos tempore trituracionis bladi md, et licet convencio ista honesta sit ex quo aliter
fieri non potest, placet mihi quod ita fiat, et vos convencionem istam ei teneatis. Valete.''

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 41

386. This letter marks his anxiety to secure a siilficient
stock of winter food, often a subject of care and difficulty in
dd times. The dean, wrapped up in his " p-cy cloak," nii^ht
superintend the putting iron and steel to his ploughs. The
price of wheat in 1237, according to Fleetwood's Chr. Prcc,
was S^. 4id. a quarter.

" Ralph de NeviU, Dean of Lichefieldy to his faithful Geoff ry
Salvage, greeting. — ^That you have sold my wheat from Thoq)
for 22 marcs (£14 18«. 4</.), as you have informed me, because
it could not be sold for a higher price, I am content that it should
be so sold. About your purchases also, conceniing which you
wished to inform me, I commend your prudence, reciuesting
that you so manage my affairs, that I may thank you ; know
that I have spoken with Sir Richard Duket, that he shall let me
have 5000 herrings and 200 wax candles, and a grey cloak, and
iron and steel for my ploughs ; and therefore I order you, that,
as soon as you can, you go to him, and agree with him about
all these things. Be mindful of the herring which the prior of
Nuwic gave me, namely, 5000, in order to receive which it
behoves you to be at Nuwic either the third day before the
feast of St. Martin, or the third day after the feast of St.
Martin ; about the other herring which you know of, I leave
the whole to your discretion. Farew^ell. I have quite lost
the letters of Abraham de Cruezford, of the tenor of which 1
am.entirely ignorant. Farewell."^

* 386. " R. de NeviU, Decanus Lichefeldensis fideli suo 6. Salvage, salutem. Quod
bladnm memn de Thorp Tendidistis, pro xxii marcis sicut mihi mandastis ex quo pro
majori predo yendi non potuit, placet mihi quod ita vendatur. de perquisitis eciam vestris
de quibos me certificari voluistis prudentiam vestram commendo, rogans quajtinus agendis
meis intendatisy quod grates vobis sciam ; sciatis quod locutus sum cum Domino Ricardo
Duket, quod £Buiet mihi habere quinque millia allecis, et cc cere et unam penulam debisis et
de ferro et ascero ad carrucas meas, et ideo vobis mando quod quam cito poteritis ad eum
aeoedatis, et de hiis omnibus eum conveniatis. mementote de allece quem Prior Nuwicensis
mihi dedjt, scilicet quinque millia, ad quem recipiendum oportet quod sitis apud Nuwic vel
tertio die ante festum S? Martini vel tercia die post festum SV Martin ; de alio allece
quod sdtis totum relinqno discretioni vestre. valete. literas Abrahe de Cruezford deperdidi,
qoamm tenorem penitus ignoro. Valete.''

Bisis is the latinized form of the French word Bisse, biche, a deer, and the phrase has
been translated " deerskin," but it probably here means " grey," fix)m bis, Fr. bisus, bisius.

This Priory of Black Canons of St. Augustine was at Newark, near Guildford, in Surrey ;
the gift of herrings was perhaps a return for some favour.

42 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

The letter No. 662, though the manuscript is imperfect, (
must have been written by Hugh de Nevill in 1222, when i
Ralph de Nevill was just elected Bishop of Chichester, it being
thus addressed: —

" To his kinsmariy Ralph, hy the grace of God elect of CkU \

cheater, Hugh ... greeting, with sincere love. — since you are

my chief refuge to you as to my kinsman I send, entreating

earnestly" (He then excuses himself from attending to

a summons in person, on account of his bodily weakness, and
complaining of the great expense to which he is put on being
called upon to provide knights for his fiefs, declares he cannot
afford it at present, " without great burden, since I am not in
cash, as I think you well know (sine magno gravamine cum
non sim nunamosus sicut bene nostis ut credo)."

There are two other Nevills who correspond with the bishop.
N. de Nevill was probably Nicholas, a brother of Robert, the
justiciary, who died 1219. His letters (913, 914, 915) report
the king's movements at Jersey and elsewhere abroad. G. de
Nevill, chamberlain, salutes Ralph as a relation (consanguineo)
308, 368, 749, and he may have been the Geoffiy de Nevill
who was a justiciary in 1270, brother of Robert of Raby.
(Foss's Judges, ii, p. 420.)

The recommendation of an army surgeon by a chief justice
to the bishop is a curious example of the secular business he
was often engaged in. As Martin de Pateshull was chief justice
of the Common Pleas from 1216 to 1230, the letter must have
been written between 1222 and 1230.

304. " To the Reverend Father in Christ Ralphs hy the
grace of God Bishop of Chichester, his M. de Pateshull, greeting
and due reverence. — Since, in the siege of castles, physicians
are necessary, and especially they who know how to cure
wounds (in obsidione castrorum necessarii sunt medici et
maxime vulnera curare scientes), there comes to the army of
our lord the king, by my advice, Master Thomas, the bearer of
this, whom I have known to be skilful in such knowledge,
and I entreat on his behalf, that if you please, you will be
wilUng to consider him commended, and that you wiU make

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 48

known bis skill to those who shall need his assistance ((|ui ejus
goxOio indigebiint). May your paternity fare well and long."

The disturbances caused on the frontiers of Wales by Prince
Llewellyn were a source of disquiet to the bishop, to whom are
directed accounts of the truce made with the Welsh princv,
and of his disposition to break it, and of the fort ilicat ion of
Brecknock (Nos. 775-777), an appointment being made for the
bishop to meet Llewellyn near Shrewsbury, to arrange jK'ace.
One of the letters (770) authentically chronicles the ignominious
fiite of a great lord cormected with Sussex. William de Hniose
had, in 1218, been put into possession of his herccUtary j)ro-
perly by his fiather, Reginald, and after some border wars was
seized by Llewellyn, while a bidden guest at an Easter fc{ust,
on suspicion of too great intimacy with his wife. Dugdale
(Baron, i, 419) leaves the manner of his death uncertain (" some
say he was hanged"), and is followed by Banks (Dorm. Har.
i,43) ; but Matthew Paris (anno 1230) acciu-ately reports that
"he was hung on a gibbet in the month of Aj)ril,' and the
following letter, though the MS. is much defaced, from a con-
temporary witness near the spot, describes the execution to
have been ostentatiously public, as if to correct any rumours
of secret murder. The readiness of the Welch to see Braose
hanged partook of a revengeful remembrance of the treachery
by which many of their own chiefs had been slaughtered by
Philip de Braose, in 1176 and 1198, and the frequent civil
wars on their borders. " Crokin," the scene of this " spectacle,"
was perhaps Crwccas, near Brecon, or Crug Hywel (Crick-
howeU), or Crugcomey, near Bergavenny, where the Braoses
had large possessions.. The place where W. de Braose was
buried is still known as Cae Gwilym ddu, or Black WiUiam's
Kdd. There is much reason, however, to think that the lady
impUcated had no concern in his death. She was a natural
daughter of King John, and, having been the wife of Llewellyn
for nearly thirty years, her charms may fairly be supposed then
somewhat faded, and moreover her husband, after her death
six years later, built a monastery at Llanfoes over her tomb,
and in the next generation intermarriage took place between
his £amily and the Braoses. (Vide Th. Jones's Brecknock, i,
64-131.

44 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

The Cistercian Abbot of Vaudey, founded 1147, in the parish :
of Edenham, Lincohishire, was probably the sender of the Lin-
cohishire sheep into Sussex, mentioned afterwards, in 673, 678. ;

770. ^^ To the most Reverend Father and most loving Lord
Ralph y by the grace of God the venerable Bishop of Chichester,
Chancellor of the Lord King^ brother N., called Abbot of
Vaudey (de Valle Dei) greeting, and his whole self (salutem et
se totuni) . . . . (de domino W. de Braus quicquam dicatur)
anything be said of Sir William de Braus, know for certain
that on the morrow {April 30) of the apostles Philip and
James, at a certain manor which is called Crokin, he was
hanged on a certain tree (in arbore quadam), nor that secretly
or by night, but pubUcly and in fiiU day, 800 men, and more
than that, being called together to this miserable and lament-
able spectacle, and more men being summoned (convocatis)^
and those especially to whom Sir WiUiam de Braus and his
sons were odious on account of the death of their ancestors, or
some other sort of grievance inflicted on them. Farewell,
(propter progenitorum suorum necem aut alterius modi illatam
molestiam erant infesti)."

It was probably during these Welsh wars that the bishop
was 'earnestly entreated, by a letter from Evin Vechain, to pro-
cure the release of his son from prison (No. 307).

The preceding letters, though not belonging to the history
of Sussex, yet have been introduced, as relating to the early life
of so distinguished a bishop of Chichester, and as aflfording
some genuine traits of the pursuits and occupations of eccle-
siastics in remote times. The succeeding series of letters relate
mostly to Sussex, and the greater number of them are written
apparently from or near Aldingebume, by the bishop's Sussex '
seneschal or steward, Simon de Senliz, a zealous, shrewd, and
somewhat crafty man. of business, who seems not only to have
familiarly reported the state of the farms, and the lawsuits, but
also ecclesiastical offences. Of four generations bearing the
same name, the first, Simon de Santo Licio, was a noble Norman
at the Conquest, and his fourth descendant married a daughter
of the Earl of Lincoln. The letter- writer speaks of his own
brother (No. 679) as also named Simon. We find this faith-

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 45

M s^ent in Mgli trust long after the bishop's death, hnvin{^
been appointed by tlie king to tnr offences in co. Bucks, in tlie
year 1265, as appears in a MS. letter, 431.

667. After sending some pigs to the bishop, and ])r()niising
more, S. de Senliz proposes buying oxen in (jloucrstersliin^
because he hears they are cheap there. According to an in-
({oisition made on some lands in Somerset shirts in 1251, oxen
are valued at 5*., 6*., 6*. Sc^., or 8«., cows at 4/r. orf^., wethers
at 9e/., ewes 9d., hoggets 5d,, and lambs at Sd. (Ad. de Domcr-
bam, ed. Heame, v. i.)

" 7b his Reverend and excellent Lord lialph^ bi/ t/tr f/rarr
of God Bishop of Chichester^ his faithful ser\ant, Simon di*
Senliz, greeting, and faithful service. — I send yon now 1!)
pigs, firom your manor at Aldingeburn, and, as s(H)n as the pi^^s
of your other manors shall be fat, I will send them to you.
Signify to me, if you please, if Thomas of Cirencester (Cire-
oestrie) has sent to you any message about pn)curing oxen,
and if he shall not have done so, let me know ; also whether
you wish that I should buy any oxen in those ])arts, and how
many you wish I should buy, since intelligence has been givini
me of a certain fair in those parts, in which gfxxl oxen arti
often sold at a reasonable rate. Let me know, if you ])lease,
about these and other matters, your good will and pleasure, by
the bearer of this. — May my lord fare well."

668. The Archdeacon of Lewes, whose death is speculated
upon in the following letter, must have been Eustace de Lene-
land, whose last year of office being in 122(5, the date is
thereby limited. A good bargain and the necessity of fox-
hounds are equally urged upon the bishop's attention. The
bishop seems to have inclosed some land at Watcrsfield (a
tything in Cold Waltham parish), over which his neighbours
claim right of common, and a lawsuit is threatened, against
which the king's writ must be sent.

" Ih his Beverend Lord Balphy by the grace of God Bishop
of Chichester, his devoted Simon de Senliz, greeting, and both
devoted and due obedience and reverence in all things, — E.,

RALPH I)K NEVILL,

the Archduocon of Lewes, has mforraed nie that he had a con- '
ferciice with you at London, about granting a lease of the
church of AltUugeburne (super ecclesia de Aldingeburae jjo-
nenda ad firmaui), at this instant time of autumn for 30 marcB
(£20), to be paid him ready money, once for all (pre manibus
simul et semel). Though you will be able safely to receive, in
like manner, if you please, according to the sale of the wheat
that there is now, yet as they cannot assure us about the future
year, on this account I am incapable of advising your excel-
lency (excellentie vestre consulere pesaume poasumus) ; but if
he should be willing to lease out the said church for less price
than 30 marcs, do not omit to take it, considering above all,
that if the same archdeacon should be dead before the Anuun-
ciation of the Blessed Virgin, he will receive nothing in the
next future autunm from the produce (de fructibus nichil per-
cipiet), wherefore it must necessarily be considered that it
would turn to your advantage and profit. Send me, lord, the
letters of the king (literas Domini regis) about the business of
Sir WiUiam Dawtrey (de Alta llipa) and Sir Hugh Sansaver
(Hugonis sine averio), claiming to have common (clamana
habere commimem) with you in your land of Watresfleld,
since they hold nothing of you, and do no service to you to
entitle them to have common with you : but they are prompt in
procurmg a Writ of Novel Disseisin, in order to throw down
your fence (breve de nova disseisina ad stemendum fossatum)
at Watresfleld, whence it is necessary for you that the aforesaid
letters should come. Be pleased to consider, if you please,
about dogs fit to catch foxes in your pai'k of Aldingebume,
since the star for taking them is now passing by (sidus
capiendi illos jam praeterit). Deign to signify to me yom- good
pleasure, if you please, about these matters and others which
may concern you in Sussex . . know however . . for certain
that your business . . {MS. imperfect) . . goes on in due coiirse
(ordinate). May your holiness always fare welt in the Lord."

In the next letter a most extraordinary instance of clerical
immorality occurs in the vicar of Mundeham (a small parish
to the south of Chichester, which had been given to the priory
of Boxgrove), and his plea of having the Pope's dispensation
for having two wives is disljelieved even in Sussex. The mar-

BISHOP OF CHICHE8TKU. 47

liage of the secular clergy was not unfrequent at this {MTiod,
though prohibited by the decrees of popes and comirils, hut
the ckum of a priest to have two wives at once, as in this in-
stance, is probably unparalleled. The foxes are again coni-
plamedof, as doing damage in the park of Aldingburn.

669. {MS, defective.) "Simon de Senliz to Safpli, Binhop of
Ckichester, (salutation as in 668). — Know, lord, tliat on my

departure from London as in oats sufficient for sowing

at Totehal, as I beUeved, but it was afterguards signified . . .
teas was sown than was expected, wherefore if you (*ount on
coming to London shortly, signify .... I will provide, (IckI
willing, sufficiency for sowing both at Totehnl and clsewluTc,
lest your letter, which God forbid, by default .... you will
provide for yourself sufficiently in this matter .... a certain
chaplain, William Dens by name, vicar of the church of Mun-
deham, has two wives, as it is said, of whom one is resident at
Chichester ; which William indeed brought forward letters of
licence from the high pontiff, as he said, but in these Sussex
parts as well as in England {it is believed), that never did
those letters emanate from the conscience of our lord the Pope,
but were obtained contrary to the statutes of the general
oooncil (quidam capellanus Willelmus Dens nomine, vicarius
eodesie de Mundeham duas habet uxorcs ut dicitur (juarum
una est residens apud Cicestriam, (^ui quidcm W. litteras
detoht a smnmo pontefice ut dixit, set in partibus Sussex
quam in Anglia {creditur) quod nunquam littere ille a con-
adencia Domini Pape eminaverunt, sed contra statuta concilii
generaUs fuerant unpetrate) ; wherefore, if it please your holi-
ness, signify what you shall have decided to be notified to
yoor official (officio vestro) on this matter : above all things
taking care, if you please, to send some man with dogs fit to
catch foxes (canibus aptis ad vulpes capiendos) in yoiu* park
of Aldyngebum, who do us there much damage, and this
shortly, since the star for taking them has passed away (sidus
transiit ad illos capiendos) : deign to inform me, lord, if you
please, of your condition, since I much desire to hear the cer-
tainty of yoiu* safety and prosperity ; know for certain that I
will show myself vijgilant about your busiaess, both in Sussex
and elsewhere. May yoiu* holiness fare well in the Lord."

Is LETTKRS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

670. {MS. imperfect) Tlie bishop Inking expected in
Sussex, preparations are made by laying in provisions. A
boiindar}' line In^tween Aldingbum and Hamptonett (Little
Hampton) should be drawn. The cruelty of the bailiffs (tf
Williiun de Albini, the Karl of Arundel, is reported as obliging
weekly resort to law for rt»dress. The forest of Houghton
was one of the oldest possessions of the see of Chichester,
but as the Earls of Anuidel claimed to have a distinct man(»*
within it, constant disputes arose, and probably it is to these
the letter refers. The precentor of Wells, William de Hammes
(llamsey ?), who held that office from 1217 to 1247, is a man
to be guarded against.

" To his Reverend Lord Ralph, bjf the grace of God Bishop of
Chichester, his devoted Shuon de Senliz, greeting, and submis-
sion in all things ecpially devoted and due. — C!onceming each
of the articles (de singulis) which can be found in your bishopric,
and were in my custody, I will make such provision, by the
grace of God, by the tenn appointed me by you, that neither
you nor yours in this particiilar shall find anything wanting
to your advantage and honour by my slight or negligence ;
not retrenching this from your memory (a memoria non red-
dendo), if you please, that wines ought to be brought throu^
the manors of yoiu* bishopric, by tlie help and .... of your
people (quod vina per auxilium et . . . . m vestrorum per
maneria episcopatus vestri venire oporteant), against your
arrival, and although you will have a sufficiency of malt
(braciimi) ready in each of your manors, I will not have any
of it ground or brewed (nihil faciam mohre vel braciare) until
I shaD receive some command from you, in case of accidental
events ; and upon these and other matters I shall be glad to
have a conference and discussion with you about the middle
of Lent, if it should please you and can be done. From my
sickness by which I was oppressed, by the favour of God, I
am fully recovered, rendering you manifold thanks that it
pleased you to know and to hear of my convalescence ; hum-
bly assuming the burden of the office of your Stewardship
(suscipiendo bonus seneschalcie vestre), until you shall pro-
vide better for yourself, that is, at your arrival in the Sussex
country (in parte Suxess) ; know besides, lord, that the names

BISHOP OP CHICHESTER.

of the knights are Richard Lovel,* Thomas de Argeiituu,
between whom on the one side and you on the other, a boun-
dary (divisa) ought to be made in your manor of Aldingebum
and their manor of Hamptonett, and nothing has yet been
done, nor has the sheriff of Sussex even satisfied me in any-
thing, as he promised you in London, when three days for
doing it were appointed him, the bailiffs (baHivi) of the Eai-l,
the Lord Earl of Arundell, behave themselves cruelly to-
wards your church of Chichester and yoiu: tenants (adversmn
ecclesiam vestram Cicestrenscm et tenentes vestros crudeliter
se habent), nor do they choose to act more mildly on account
of any threatening of your official (officiahs vestri); where-
fore, for the defence of the poor tenants and of your people,
it behoves me and your servants almost every week to resort
to the hundred court of the earl (hundredmu coniitia adire).
There is not in your bishopric either a rich or a poor man,
who, for the sake of love and reverence to you, can offer
moi-e honour to your people (non est dives neque pauper qui
vestris maximum pretendant honorem nisi), than Ralph de
Bonewull and his associates, who keep the himdred court of
the Earl of Arundell. Take good care, if you please, lest the
precentor of Wells should circumvent you in anything, because
he has devised to do certain things in your bishopric, which
might turn out to your loss, wliich I will more fully expound
to you by word of mouth, God permitting. Farewell."

67L The vigilant stcwai'd prompts his master how to make
the best bargain with a lady, if she should apply to him as
to her claim in Beause, which perhaps was Beaubush, an
inclosed park in St. Leonard's Forest.

" lb /lis Reverend Lord BaJph, bij the grace of God Bishop
of Chichester, ChanceUor of our Lord the King, his devoted
Simon de Senliz greeting, and with the greatest reverence
due, and devoted service (tamulatum) in all things. — 1 think
your excellency well knows that John de Bayllol ought to
hold (debet tenere) of you a fief of three knights in your
manor of Beause ; but it was seised indeed into your hand
for default of the service (per defectum servicii) belonging to

^ In Ibc enrliest Roll nf Arms e\taiit, 1240-5, publUhed by Sir H. Nicolu, appears
"HllUchanl I.nvell, d'or iing lion d'aiiire rampant."

aO MiTTI^ns TO RAI.ril dk nevill,

you ill the said manor, and is still in your band. TVom
wliom the Lady Sybilla, wife of Sir Richard dc Cumbes,
held a fief of one kniglit for lier life, in the way of dower,
and is now gone the way of all flesh ; in which fief Sybilla,
^rife of Sir Nicholas Haringod, claims an hereditary right
for him (sibi), as it is said, even in those parts, that he (ipse)
is the nearest heir of that tenement ; nevertheless I have
caused it to be seized in your hand for the aforesaid reason,
nor will do anything henceforth without yoiar special order.
Wherefore, if the Lady Sybilla, wife of the said Nicholas
Haringod, should by chance come to you, about to speak to
you on these premises, I advise that you should talk with
her, in order fo have the said land by lease (ad firmam), or
by some other method, if it can be done, since it ia adjacent
to your land in Beause, and, aa I hope, wU! tend to your
advantage, if you should be able to have it some way or
other (aliquatenus), since this land, together with your own
land of Beause, would be able to support 500 sheep at
pasture; but however, that you be more assured what the
said land is worth, know that there is there one plonghland
in domain (una canicata in dominio), and 46" in fixed rent
(in redditu assiso). Besides this. Lord, know that I have
summoned the men of Bum about the Aid (auxilium) which
they ought to have paid with yon (solvere debebant vobiacum)
at the feast of St. Slichael now past, concemuig which they
would not answer me, but all with one voice said, that you
have entirely remitted the said aid to them. What however
on these premises or other matters your discretion may wish
or feel, deign to write me back word, if you pleaae. May
the Lord preserve you for long time (per tempora longa)."

672. The following letter is highly characteristic of the
adroit steward, who wished the bishop to earn all the honours
ofhospitalitywithout its cost. The Archbishop thus mocked with
friendly invitation was either Richard Wethershed (1239-34),
and S. de Senhz may not have wished to meet him, or it may
have been his successor Edmund, after the bishop's abortive
nomination to the primacy. Another attempt to entrap the
Archbishop into an mcautious agreement will be seen in
No. 278, to which the present letter is probably subsef|uent,

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 51

and he reports him, in 674, as having given liini ** a sliallow
and feeble answer" about a disputed claim to common. S. (I(»
Senliz also urges an immediate application for a va(*ant canonry
at Hastings, and asks for a writ to hunt out a runaway liegeman.
672. " To his Reveretid Lord, llalph, bf/ the (/rave of God
BisAqp of Chichester, his devoted Simon do Senliz greeting,
and both devoted and due obedience and revcRnice in all things.
— ^I am informed that the Lord Archbisho]) of Canterbury,
about this coming Lent, will come to Mailing, and will go
in one day from Slindon as far as his manor of Terringes, on
the morrow, being about to come to yom manor of Preston,*
and to tarry there for one night ; but he will provide himself
there out of his own means, and wishes to accept nothing
of yours ; wherefore, if you please, it would be well that you
should write to him, that he should reside there at yoiu* cost,
since I know well that he by no means wishes it, but yet
it shall be to your honour, although he will by no means
accept of yours. If you please, I will pay attention to him,
so that it shall turn to yom* advantage and honour ; and you
may know for certain that as long as he has sojourned at
Slindon, attention was paid him competently in presents
from your manors of Aldingebum and Amberlc. Besides
these matters, send me, lord, if you please, a writ of our
Lord the King to search after William Ic Weite, yoiu* native
and fugitive. I am also informed that Fulco de Echingehain,
canon of Hastinges, has died, so that, if you think fit, be
pleased to vmte in favour of one of your clerks, to Sir Symon
de Echingeham, his brother, to whose presentation the
prebend belongs, as he says, since he is your friend as I
beUeve. Upon these and other matters deign to signify
your pleasure to me. May your holiness for ever prosper in
the Lord." «

* The bishop had obtained the grant of a market at Preston, June 28, 1226.

• 672. " Reverendo domino suo Radulpho Dei gracia Cycestrensi Episcopo devotus suus
Smim de Senliz, salutem, et tam devotam quam debitam in omnibus obedientiam. — Datur
mfld inteDigi quod Dominus Cantuarensis Archiepiscopus circiter banc instantem quadra-
genmani venturus est apud Mallinges, et ibit una die de Slindon usque ad manerium suum
de Terringes, in crastino venturus ad manerium vestrum de Preston, et ibidem moram
ftctimis per unam noctem, sed ex suo proprio ibidem se ipse exhibebit, et nichil de vestro
^ttlt acdpere, unde, si placet, bene esset ut scriberetis ei, ut ibidem residereret super
cnstmn vestrum, quoniam bene scio quod nullo modo vult, sed tamen ad vestrum cedet
boDorem, etsi nullo modo de vestro vult accipere. si placet, faciam ei regardum, ita quod

'F,HS TO RALPH »E Xl'iV

LL,

079. The bishop being e\]iected iii Iioudoii, fuel, lamb's
fiu', &c., are got ready for hiui. Some sheep from Vaiidey
are wanted, and it is a proof that Sussex sheep were either
bad or scarce, to have made it worth while to send for them
from so distant a country as Lincolnshu-e ; and it is agree-
able for modem farmers to contrast such a state with the
reuo^ii of their own Soiithdown breed. A supply of
beef for the bishop's London larder is wanted ; some wheat
too, when ground in Herttbrdahire, was to be sent up for
his use.

" 7b his Reverend Lord Ralph, hi/ (he f/race of God Bishop
of Chichester, Chancellor of our Lord the King, his devoted
Simon de Senliz, greeting, and with the greatest reverence
due and devoted service (famulatum) in all things. — Know,
most dear Lord, that I have been in London, where, to the
best of my powers, I have laboured, and made provision that
you should there have a sufficiency of good wine {the MS. is
faint, and the word uncertain; whether mnvm or frumetttitm),
and wood for bm^ing (hgna ad comburendum, braciandum
et fomiandum) ; and by the grace of God, all your affairs,
both at Westmuln and elsewhere, go on duly and prosperously.
I have provided that you have lamb's ftu- (fururam agnonmi)
m sufficiency, as I tlunk, against the winter, for the use of
your household. Moreover, my lord, please to think about
[jrocuring sheej) {de multonibus perquirendis) at the Abbey of
Vaudey, or elsewhere, and sending them to Sussex. Speak
also to Sir Robert de Laxington about having oxen for your
larder (ad lardarium vestrom), in London. Deign to inform
me, if you please, the certainty about yom- condition and your
arrival in London, inasmuch as I consider your advice and
handling necessary for your affairs. If you should think it fit,

quod quamdiii Eaonun fecit

Mukiia de inaneriis Testri* de

19 mihi breve Uomini R^ia

od vestrmu cedet commodum et honoiem, et sciatia

in Slindnu, conipelenter factum fuit ei regarduii

AldJngeburn et Aniberle. pretcr hec, Domine, si placet, mitt

ad perqiiirendum Willelmum le Weile, nativum et fugilivum vi

inUUigi quod fulco de Echingeham canonicus de Hastinges diem clauait e

si videtia eipcdire, seriliere velitis pro uno de clericia vratria Domino Symraii de Echingeham

fratri suo, ad cujus collacionem spectat prelienda, ut dirit, quaniain amicus veater eat, ut

credo, super hiis et aliia bene pladtum veBtrum eignificare digaeinini. Vateat eancthaa vestra

semper in Domino."

BISHOP OF CHICJI ESTER. 5;$

brd, I recomineud (laudo) that a part of the okl wlicat at \Vcst-
irndn should be ground, and sent to London against your arrival.
I win employ myself, both in Sussex and dsc where, vigihuitly.

1 send to the feet of your holiness, my brother Sinion,^ as
you have directed. May your hohness always fare well in the
Lord."

673. An inquisition of the land of John de Nevill, who
was perhaps a deceased tenant of the bishop, is set on foot.
The audit now approaches, and occupies nmch of the stewarcFs
time, but he proposes many new arrangements about the
tenants. The dearth of good Sussex shepherds is marked l)y
his keeping one from Lincolnshire, and another from Glouces-
tershire, as he does on another occasion ((580) also from
Worcestershire ; the Broyle of Chichester is bringing into cul-
tiyation from its rough state; the difficulty of sendhig up
Tenison to London, because the carts are wanted for the
sowing season, is noted.

What a careful attention the bishop paid to the success of
his farming, appears strongly marked by the account of his
stock, kept by him. " Inventory (carta) of the implements hi
stock of the bishopric of Chichester, for ever, in the whole of
his manors, not to be diminished or removed at the will of
any one whosoever, namely, 150 oxen for the ploughs, 100
cows, 100 bulls, 3150 sheep, 120 goats, 6 he-goats, and 10
horses for the ploughs." (Regist. Rede MS., in Dallaway's
Chichester.) He was however far outdone by his contemporary
Michael de Ambresbury, abbot of Glastonbury, who, on his
resignation, in 1252, "left the abbey free from debt, his lands
excellently cultivated, and this stock : oxen 892, which make
111^ ploughs m ail {at 8 oxen each), farm horses 60, colts 23,
cows 233, bulls 19, bullocks 153, steers 26, calves of the last
year 126; wethers 1630, ewes 2611, rams 32, lambs and
h(^grels 1162, lambs of last year 1276 : sum of all the sheep,
in the whole, 6711 ; pigs, 327." (Adam de Domerham, de
Reb. Glast. p. 522.)

" To his Reverend Lord Ralph, by the grace of God

' There are other instances of this period where two brothers have the same Christian
Bune.

5-t

LETTKRS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

Bishop of Chichester, bis devoted Simon de Seuliz, greeting, ■
iind both devoted and due obedience and reverence in all
things. — On tbe Monday next before the Peast of St. Michaei,
I received your letters at Bueause, wbicb you transmitted to
me first, that I might inquii'e about the land (ut iuquirerem
de terra) of John de Nevill, knight, and immediately after the
receipt of these letters I sent on to make the inquiiy (ad in-
quisitionem faciendam), according to the tenor of your com-
mand (mandatum), since I was not able then, in my own
person, to give attention to it, inasmuch as your sir oiHcial
(dominus officialia vester) and 1 are employed, and are diligent
about auditing the account of your manors, but as soon as tbe
inquisition of that land shall have been made, which wdl be
shortly, I will transmit to you that inquisition, distinctly and
openly reduced to writing. I retain in Sussex the friar of
Vaudey (de Valle dei) until I shall have held the audit, inas-
much as I have proposed to keep sheep (bidentes), in your
hands, on yom' manors, and therefore I keep back the friai-,
in order that the sheep may more advisedly and usefully be
provided for through him. Know, besides, lord, that, after
auditing the account of Roger de Hertford, I wijj, if yon
please, commit the custody of yonr manor of Bissopestone to
Henry, a serving-man of Bum, and chiefly on account of the
sheep (bidentes), which I keep in your hands, because I think
that the said Henry will manage, in such hke business, well
and competently, and also will, if you please, be able easily to
keep (custodire) the manor of Bum, together with the manor
of Bissopestone, and easier than Bum and Buxle {BewAill?),
on account of the crossing over the watei- of Pevenesell, and
then some one else will be able to keep (custodire) the manor
of Buxle without a horse. To Richard, whom Thomas de
Cirencester sent you, I have delivered the manor of Preston to
keep, because, as I believe, he knows how to manage about
keeping sheep, and I will take care that your Broyle {Bmllius
vester) at Chichester shall in the meanwhile be well treated,
and advanced to the proper state (bene tractabitur et ad statum
debitum producetur). I also wish it not to be concealed
from your excellency, that Master ^{pffiTiald), yom" official
(()fRdfllis),and I will be at Aldingebiu'n on the Sundnyncxt after
the feast of St. Fides {Ovt. G) to make the boundary there

BISHOP OF ClIlCiltlSTEU. .).)

between the Lord of Canterbury and you ; and, if it please you,
your long cart (longa caretta) might easily come to Aldingr-
bam on that day, in which I will forward to you in Ijoudon
Tenison taken in your parks, and other provision (aliaui warnis-
toiam), and also the cloth bought for the use of the p(M>r, as
nmch as you shall like, three hmidred ells of which 1 bought
at Winchester fair, since the above things caiuiot Ih' forwarded
at present by your small carts (per caretas vestras parvas) from
the manors, on account of the time for sowing, which is at
band. Among other things, know that the (*ro|)s on your
manors are safely and usefully gathered in for your advanta{]^(»^
and are deposited in bams (in horrea dciK)nuntur), and all
your other affiiirs go on well, by the grace of God, and arc
duly carried on, and for this I will diligently labour with all
my strength. As soon as yoiu* sir official (doniinus offieialis
vester) and I shall have made the round of your manors
(transitum fecerimus per maneria vcstra) for audithig accounts,
we will come to you wherever you pleas(^ May your excel-
lency ever flourish in the Lord."

674. S. de SenUz is engaged with the purchase of Depemarsh
for the bishop from R. de Aguillon. This consisted of 313
acres of land, called Depemarsh or New Broyle, as behig con-
tiguous to the Broyle near Chichester. It derived its name
from bruillum, a heath, and seems at this time to have been
principally woodland. This tract of land is always termed the
Chichester Broyl, to distinguish it from another broyle in
Ringmer, belonging to the archbishop. R. de Aguillon, the
vender, was probably of the same family as Nicholas Aguillon,
dean of Chichester, 1210-15, and William Aguillon, who held
three knights' fees of the honor of Arundel, about this time.
The dispute with the abbot of Seez about his claim to common is
arranged. This Norman abbey of Benedictines had the right of
Free Warren in Little Hampton, and also held lands in Easter-
gate, now forming the prebend of Gates, with lands in Aiding-
bume and Birdham. The bailiff of the abbey dwelt at Bailies
Court, as it is still called, on their manor of Atherington, in
Little Hampton ; and the steward reports, that he has bought
up the crops of the next harvest, and has been erecting ox-
sheds, and bringing land into cultivation at the Broyle. The

LKITKRS TU RALPH DK NEVILL,

iirchbishop has given a shallow answer about his claim to •
common : is any venison to be sent up ?

" Hh /lis Reverend Lord Ralph, by the grace of God Bishop
of Chichester, Chancellor of the Lord King, his devoted Simon
de Senliz greeting, and with the utmost devotion, due obe-
dience, and service. — Do not take it ill that I did not come to
you before yoiu- departure ; I wish, indeed, I could come t-o
you quicker, to hold council, and to treat of yom- innimierable
affairs. But I staid in Sussex, because a day had been ap-
pointed Sir R. Aguillon^ at Arundel, the Tbiu^day next after
the feast of St. Peter ad vincula {Aug. 1), that on that day he
might give you such security (imimmitatem) as he could for
the wood and the land which is called Depemers, who indeed
caused his own deed (chartam) to be-made for you, the transcript
of which I send yon under this form, namely, that the said R.
has demised to you and yoiu- successors, and has quitclaimed
for ever, for himself and his heirs, all his right and claim which
he had or coidd have in the land and wood called Depemers :
wherefore, if you shall see that that form is sufficient and ex-
pedient, it pleases me well ; but if otherwise, cause another
form to be made which you ought to have, and transmit it to
me ; since I have by me letters patent (penes me patentes) of
the said R., that he will give all manner of security (omni-
modam seciu-itatem faciet) to you, according as you shall see
what ought to be done, and to do so has sworn before prudent
and discreet men named for the purpose. But I asked him at
the time to deliver to me the deed (cartam) of those from whom
the right and claim descended (descendit) to him, but he
answered, that (he had) no deed, which makes mention of
Depemers separately ; but it makes mention of Depemers con-
jointly with certain land adjacent to Depemers, which the said
R. holds in his own hand, so that the said land is conjomed in
one and the same deed with the wood (bosco) of Depemers.
But I asked him to let you have the deed of the heir from
whom the right descended, which makes mention separately
of Depemers ; he answered, that he coidd by no means do so,
and thus I left him. What, however, your discretion may
wish and feel on this matter, ■write back yoiu- pleasure by the
bearer of this. But 1 will tarry in the parts near London,

> " llobeit Agiiloii, <lc gmiies ov iiiig fleiir de lis crargeiit." {Holl of Amis, 1210-45.)

BISHOP OF CHICHESTER. 57

either at Westmuln {Westmill, co, Herts) y or at Biirnehani and
dsewliere, waiting for your pleasure and connnand. Know
for certain that I have met the lord abbot of Secz m the pre-
sence of Master ^{eginald) your official (officialis) and Daniel
your clerk, about this, that he claims for himself connnon,
where he is not entitled to have any. At length, by the con-
sent of the said abbot and his bailiffs (ballivorum), we have
provided an agreement (formam), competent and reasonable,
as well as useful to you as we think, by which is appeased the
contest and discord between you and Sir W. Marescall, about
common which he claims for himself. Know moreover that 1
have hought for your use, of Sir Hugh de Nevill, all his autumn
crops from his manor of Stokes {near Arundel), ^vith the pro-
duce of the gardens, for £15, of which I have paid him in
ready money £10, and he will receive 100^. on the coming
feast of St. Michael. Among other things, know that I am
causing to be raised a certain ox-shed (facio Icvare quandam
bovariam), in the Chichester BroUe, in a good and fitting situa-
tion, which will contain 100 feet in length, and will be con-
structed within these next eight days, and I carry on the
assarting and fallowing vigorously (facio essartare et warettare
efficaciter)^ in the same Broile ; and by the grace of God all
your affairs, both in Broyle and elsewhere, on your manors,
duly, and properly, and orderly, are handled and advance.
Let me know too, if you please, whether I am to take venison
in your parks, and how much by the feast of St. Michael. As
to the pasture which the men of our Lord of Canterbury
claim for themselves in your manor of Aldingeburne, I
have spoken with the Lord of Canterbury himself, whose
. answer was shallow and feeble (cujus responsio tenuis fuit
et debihs) ; wherefore, if you please, get ready our lord
the king's writ to appoint an attorney, so that I may be your
attorney to make the boundary (ad faciendam divisam) be-
tween him and you. I beseech your excellency not to be
angry because William the Fowler (le oisellur) did not come
to you, inasmuch as he holds the place of collecting wheat at
Horton, and let me know in what part he should come to you,
and I will send him to you as soon as I shall come into the

• To auart is to bring forest land into arable or pasture ; waretare is to prepare the
land by ploughing, or perhaps by a fallow.

K'lTERS TO IlALt'll UK NEVILL,

Sussex country. I should know more certainly and more
openly liow to carry on your affairs, if I could have a con-
ference with yon ; and wMle 1 am near London, let ine know,
if you please, if I must come to you, since, while I am nigh,
* could easily transfer myself to you. May yoxu' excellency
prosper in the Lord."

675. The difficulties about the title deeds of Deepmarsh
nre again adverted to. The bishop's chaplain at Westmill (co.
Hertford) is in very bad repute with his parishioners, and his
manner of life not to be endiu-ed. 100 pigs are sent for pan-
nage to a forest of Hugh de Neville.

Tlt,e same to the same {as in 668). — " As I have written to
you elsewhere, I have met Sir R. Aguillon, that he may give
you indemnity (immunitatem) about Depemera, who caused
his own deed (cartam) to be made, in winch he quitclaims all
that he has had or could have in Depemers, the transcript of
which deed 1 have sent you ; but I asked him to let you have
the deed of the heir from whom the right has descended : he
said that he had none which made mention of Depemers sepa-
rately, nor will he let you have any from the heir, which makes
mention of Depemers separately ; wherefore it seems to me,
that, saving your peace, yon have not sent me in your letters
the certainty what I am to do about it, since I have with me
the letters patent (literas patentes) of R. himself, together
with a deed of quitclaim,'" in which (in quibus contineW) is
contained, as I have otherwise told you, that he will give you
every manner of security (securitatem) about Depemers,
which he ought to give. Wherefore it is not needful, nor
is it so well fitting between us in my absence, that I should
retain in my possession at once both the deed of quitclaim
and his letters patent about giving you security, because
1 firmly promised him to deliver up to him on my next arrival

'" No. 1081. " Know present and tittiire, that I, Reginald Aguillon, have released and
qnildaimed, for me and my heirs tor ever, all the riglit and claim which I or mj heirs
have, or ought to have, by the donation or grant nf Nichotaa, eon of Robert, son and h«r
of Julian de la Wade, in the woodland, which is called Depmersh, in Droyle, outside
Chicliester, to the venerable fother Ralph, Bishop of Chichester, and chancellor of the
lord king, and fn his succestors, as the deed of quitclaim which I liave made lo Sir
md testifies ; hi testimony nf ivhich, &c."

BISHOP OP ClllCHESTEB.

Ida deed or his letters patent. The dircd, howevrr, vhirh yoii
in your letters which you have forwarded to nie full coiiuiion,
he will give up to no one's custody, as it makes nientiou of a
certain land, which he holds in demesne together witli
Depemers ; but if yon shall tliink that it would be sufficient
to dispatch the form of the deed, whose transcript I sent you,
I am well pleased, but if not, 1 advise that the deed itself be
given back to R. himself, and that you retain the letters
patent, until sufficient satisfaction shall have been given you
for the indemnity wliich he is bound to give. About that
which I reported to you concerning the abbot of Sccz, you
have sent me nothing certain, except that you approve of tlic
treaty with hira : wherefore, if you approve of my ammge-
ment, write to the lord the abbot, that you ratify the
arrangement which I may make with him, and if you please
let me know what manner of seciuity I may accept from hitn,
which will hold good ii-ith the arrangement made. Know
also that H., your chaplain of Westmulne, is evil spoken of
greatly in his parish, both by the elders and the younger ; for
they charge upon him many things which do not become a
chaplain, saying that they can in no manner endure such
things as they see and consider about him (cetenun seiatis
quod H. capellanus vester de Westmulne multiim diffamatur
in parochia sua tam a majoribus qiiam a minoribus. Im-
ponunt enim ei multa que non decent capellanum, dicentes se
ea que de eo vident et perpendunt uuDo niodo posse sustincre) ;
wherefore, if you please, take counsel on this, informing me if
he OTigbt to be removed from thence, or stay there longer, and
this speedily if you please, since, as you well know, the time of
retaining or removing chaplains is at hand," Ask Sir Hugh
de Nevill, if you please, to write to his forester (forestario) of
Wauberg, that he may receive 100 pigs to pannage (in pes-
sonam) which T., your bailiff of Westmulne, will send on to
him on your behalf. At the departure of this I am at West-
mulne, and I shall immediately begin to journey towards
Sussex, as you have directed me, where, by God's help, I wiU

" Thii teems to impl}- that chapkias vere engaged bv the year only, probablj' ending
U Miehaelmaa. five niaru a year (3JL Gt. ed.) had beea fixed by Archbishop Laoglon as
the inininiuin for a [lerpeluit] vicar, but a rector might engage a curate with a stipend of
40.. Gilbert, Bishnp of ChMicitcr, raised this in 12f 9 to five mart-B

LF.TTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

apply diligence about your affairs being taken care of and put
in order. May your excellency farewell in the Lord."

676. The buying and sending iron from Gloucestershire to
Winchester is remarkable, and is referred to at p. 177 of
vol. II of Suss. Arch. Collections. The abbot of Gloucester,
who was to forward on the iron, was Henry Foliot about this
time. The vacant vicarage of Walberton, near Arundel, which
had been given to the priory of Boxgrave by W. de St. John,
in the twelfth century, is asked for on behalf of the bishop's
clerk Philip.

From the same to the same {as in 668). — "I have looked
into the letters of Sir H. de Kynard directed to you, which 1
transmit to you, informing your holiness that he misunder-
stood (male intellexit) yoiu" order about buying iron, writing
to you that he was to buy 10 marcs worth of one sort and
100s. worth of another ; wherefore, since the said H. has mis-
understood your order, be pleased to write to him, that he is
to procure you 10 marcs of small iron (de minuto ferro) if it
can be found, but if not, then 5 marcs of the large fde grosso),
and 5 marcs of the small iron, and that he must have it car-
ried to Gloucester. Write also, if you please, to the lord
abbot of Gloucester, that he may have it carried on to Win-
chester, to the house of your host (ad donuun hospitis vestri),'^
which can be easily done, and without expense. I lay afi'ec-
tionate entreaties at the feet of your holiness, humbly and
most devoutly supplicating your excellency that for charity's
sake (caritatis intuitu), and at my instance and petition, you
will be pleased to write to the lord prior of Boxgrave, that
he, at yoiu: instance, may confer upon your clerk Philip a cer-
tain small vicarage, now vacant, at Wauburton, which belongs
to his donation, if you have not already intreated him for some
other clerk ; for I well understand, that he will most willingly
attend to your request. Deign, my lord, to inform me of your
pleasure as to your condition, since I very much delight to
hear the certainty of your safety and prosperity. Moreover
Sir H. de Kynard advises you that the iron should be freighted
(sit cariatandum) at Bristoll, and not at Gloucester ; but if it

'^ PerlmiH the koase usually occaiiied hy the vhuicellor, nlien in nttetulauce on (be
king at Wiiich«ster.

BISHOP OF CHICHE8TKR. (51

agrees with your pleasure, I advise you that it should he
brought to Gloucester, inasmuch as it will he ahle to he car-
ried to Winchester more easily, and at less exi)cnse to
your advantage. May your holiness always fare well in the
Lord/'

677. The preceding letter as to Walbcrton was effective,
and is backed up by another, sending Master Philip himself
to thank the bishop.

From the same to the same {as in 608.) — " I send to the feet
of your holiness your clerk Philip, bearer of this, returnuig to
your excellency manifold thanks upon bended knees, that by
your favour you have been pleased to request the lord prior of
Boxgrave about the vicarage of Waubiui:on. I hope, indeed,
that the said prior wiU assent to yoiu- petition, if you would
confer with him ; which Philip indeed Avill inform you, by
word of mouth, about your business in Sussex, and on that
accoimt I send you no other letters at present, and the said
Philip will personally explain to you your affairs. May your
holiness always fare well in the Lord. '

678. From the same to the same, relates to an inquisition,
according to the king's writ having been delayed ; probably
the same to which the archbishop's letter 268 refers ; but
the MS. is defaced, and neariy illegible.

680. Two horses brought up from Sussex are sold to a
London mercer for £10, because their keep in London is so
expensive- In a MS. extant of the Priory of Sele, near
Bramber, in 1324-5 (Add. MSS. 6164, f. 342), the value of
horses and other farming stock then found there is thus
stated : " A palfrey of the prior, 25*. Be?. ; horse for a knight
(eqnus pro armigero), 1 marc ; 3 cart horses at 5*. each ;
2 plough horses (afin) 6*. 8c?. ; 4 pack horses (jumenta) at 6*.;

1 male foal, 2*. ; 17 oxen at 12*. ; 1 bull, 5*. ; 2 cows at 10*.;

2 young oxen at 6*. 8c?. ; 3 bullocks at 4*. ; 6 calves at 2*. ;
14 sheep (multones) at 2*. ; 60 hoggrels at 10c?. ; boar, 4*. ;
20 swine at 3*. ; 4 sows at 2*. ; 14 young pigs at 14c?., and 25
at 6c?. each ; 2 carts hooped with iron (carete ferro ligate),10*. ;
2 ploughs with apparatus, 4*." It appears, therefore, that the

LETTERS TO ItALPH DF, NKVILL,

bishop's horses must have been good ones to fetch so good a
price as they thd.

S. de S. to B. de N. {as in 668.)—" Know that I have
agreed with Wat de Froille, your serving-man at Burneham,
that he should go to Boultoii, and tarry there, to take charge
of those things which belong to you, who answers me that
he will conform to your will in this particular with a willing
mind ; wherefore it is advisable that he or some other should
go to Bolton with haste. But I have spoken with Geoffrey of
London, the mercer, that he may buy two horses, which I have
had brought up from Sussex, who offered me for them 1 5 marcs
(£10), and no more, so that if you please that they should be
80 sold, it is expedient that they should be sold soon, since it is
heavy and burdensome to keep horses (grave et honerosum
est sustentare equos) in London. What, however, your dis-
cretion may feel on these and other matters, deign to inform
me, if you please, by letter. At the departure of this 1 am

at Biu-neham {MS. imperfect). Then I am going to

proceed to Stamford for the same reason. May yom" excel-
lency always fare well in the Lord."

682. S. de Senliz has bought 13 acres of good timber in
the Broyle at 40s. per acre, a good bargain ; wheat crop
abimdant, and got in dry ; 2 carts employed in marling at
Selsey, as the marl fomid there is said to be the best. If
more carts are advisable, 12 mares should be borrowed for
them, as horses sell as dear as gold in Sussex. A wardship
woxdd be convenient, and, indeed, in those times the profits
arising from rich wards were always eagerly coveted at court.
In the Peterborough Chronicle, lately published by the Camden
Society, Bishop Ralph appears to have received from the abbot
a grant of the wardship of the lands of Brian de la Mare, after
a suit concerning it had been decided in the abbey's favour
by Hugh de NeviU, the Forester, a transaction rather sus-
picious; and on the king confirming the charters of the abbey
m 1227, 38 marcs (£16 13*. 4rf.) were given to Bishop Ralph,
" ad opus Cancellarii." Marhng goes on at Watresfield, where
tlie new windmill works well. On the question of this marl at
Selsey, the great Sussex geologist, Dr. G. A. Mantell, has
kindly favoured me with tlie following remarks ; " 1 am not

BISHOP OF CFUCHESTKU,

Kware that the true chatk marl, or malm, as it is pniviiirinlly
termed in West Sussex, is any way visible near Selsey ; lint
as the tertiary strata that conceal the hindaiiieiital rlinlk
rocks of that jiart of the country are of variable thickness, it
is possible the chalk mar! may protrude in some Itwality not
now observed, on or near the bishop's farm ; in which case
' marla optima' would be a very j)ropcr designation. Other-
wise, as Selaey hes between Bognor and Brnekleshani, in
both which places marls and clays occur, belonging to the
tertiary deposits of the London and llauipsldre basins, as
they are geologically termed, it is possible that some argil-
laceous stratmn may have been met with at no great depth
from the siirface that furnished the marl in question."

The St. Johns in this part of the country had been great
benefactors to Boxgravc Priory, and were a family of iuiport-
auce whose names frequently occur in the old documents of
Sussex history.

Fro?ii the game to flie same (as in- 671.) — "Know, Lord,
that I have bought for your use 12 acres of timber in the
Chichester Broyl from Sir H. de St. John, of the best timber at
ray choice, 40s, for each acre, by the counsel of your freemen
and liegemen, who assert firmly that each acre is worth four
marcs (£2. 138. 4rf.), and I weU believe that W. dc St. John
will give us some from his own timber in the said Broyl.
I wish you also not to be ignorant that the wheat in each of
your manors in your diocese is well and plentifully gathering
in for yoiu' benefit, and is being safely deposited in your
granaries vrithout any flood of rain. There will be nothing
left to gather on the morrow of the Beheading of Blessed
John the Baptist {Auff. 29). By the grace of God all your
affairs proceed prosperously in Sussex, and I will strive with
all my strength that they shall not proceed otherwise. I am
using mai'l at Selsey with 2 carts, as it is said that the marl
found there is the best ; wherefore if you should see it to be
advisable that I should use marl with more carts, I advise you
should procure from Sir Godescall, or elsewhere, 13 mares to
draw in the carts, inasmuch as it is expedient for you to pro-
cure them in those parts, because they are as dear as gold
in Sussex. Be pleased, lord, to speak with the lord the king.

LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

that he may conimit to you the wardship of the laud of Sir
Amauri de Croim, until the full age of the heir, siuce I coidd
then conveniently provide to your advantage for your manoi-s
in stock and other business. In like manner I am using marl
at Watresfield with 5 carts, and I much hope that it will
result to your advantage ; the windmill also there is ready and
well fitted up, and it grinds. Sir W. de St. John answers me
kindly that he will with a willing mind fulfil your wish and
good pleasure about the business, concerning which 1 should
have a conference with him, as you directed me, and as else-
where I liave informed you. Upon the aforesaid and other
matters deign to signify to me yotu' pleasure, I desire also
concerning your condition and safety to be assured. May
the Lord preserve you for long time." '^

681. The steward reports that eleven horses, sent by the
bishop, had arrived safe ; his barns are fidl, and the harvest abun-
dant ; that he is sawing and cairying timber from the Broyle,
and wants somebody to help him in the Michaehnas audit.

1" 682. " RevereQiio domino siio E. gratia Dei Cicestrensi episcopo Domini Itepa Can-
cellario devotus suus Simon de Senliz solulem, et tam devotum qnam debilum in omnibus
famulatum. — Sdatis. Domine quod ad opus veatrum emi xii. acres de mcbercmio in Bmillo
Cicestrensi de Domino Willelmo de Sancto Johanne, de meliori melieremio in electione
tnea, quamlibet acram [iro xl'-, et hoc de con«lio liberonun et l^^um hominum vestronim,
qui finiiiter assernnt quod quelibet acra valet iv. marcas, et bene credo qnod Willelraus de
S. Johanne dabit nobis aliquaiitum de meheiemio sua in dicto Bruillo. Nolo etiam voa
latere, quod bladum in singulis maneriis veatris in cpisajpatu vestro bene et fructuose ad
conunodum veslrum colligitur, et absque plnvie inundacione in horrea vestra salvo depo-
nitur. Nihil en eo erit ad colligendum in crastino decoUationis Beati Johanois Batiste.
(Aug. 29), gratia Dei singula negocia vestra prospere proredunt in Sussex, et lahorabo pro
viribus ne aliter procedant. Marlare hcio apud Seleseiani cum duabus can-etis, quoniam
ut didtur mBrIa ibi inventa optima est, unde si videritis 6Kpedire ut marlare faciam cum
pluribns carretis, consalo ut perquiratis de Domino Godescall vel alibi xii. equas ad
trahendum in cairetis, quoniam expedit vobis, ut in partibus illis itias perquiratis, quoniaui
ut Burum emantur in SuBsex. Loquimini H placet, Donune, cum Domino Rege, ut com-
mitlat vobis custodiam terre Domini Amouri de Ccoun, usque ad plenam etatem hercdis,
quoniam tunc commode posseni ad utilitatem vestram maneriis providere de instauro el de
aliis negociis. Similiter marlare fecio apud Walresfeld cum v caretis, et bene spero quod
cedet ad utililatem vestram Molendinum etiam ad ventum ibidem promptum est et bene
paratum et nioUt. Doininua W dlelmus de S Johanne henigne michi respondet quod animo
libenti voluntatem vestram et beneplatitum de negocio, de quo eoUoquidm haberem cnm
eo, sicut michi precipislis, et sicul alms loljis aignificavi, adimplebit. Super predietiB et
aliia yoluntalem vestram tnu^hi sigtuficare dignemini. Desidern etiam de statu vestra et
tier teuipura longa."

BISHOP OF CHH'HESTKR.

S. de S. to E. de N. {as in 6G8).— " Know, lord, tlmt on
fhe Sunday next after the Nativity of the Blessed Mary
f/an. 1), 1 received, at Aldingeburn, by the hands of Robert
Blimd, Willam de Araz, and your messenger, Bmwcr, eleven
horses, which you for\varded there, and by the grace of God
they came there safely. Your bams on your manors are com-
petently filled with the crops, and 1 well understand that in
many manors you have more sheaves this year than you had
in the year gone by. I am occupied in sowing on most of
your manors, and in carrying the timber from the Broyle of
Chichester, bought from Sir W. de Saint John, aa far as your
residence at Chichester. Moreover, lord, I urgently beseech
your excellency to inform me, if you please, before the day of
St. Michael, who should audit the account of your reeves in
Sussex, in conjunction with me, for I do not calculate that
Master Reginald de Winton,'* your official, will be able to
attend constantly to that business, and even now the feast of
St. Michael is at hand, the season for auditing the account.
^V^lat therefore upon this and your other business in your
diocese, your discretion may please and feel, deign to intimate
to me, if you please, since iumiediately after auditing the
account I will come to you in Loudon, unless previously, by
your command, I should go elsewhere. By the grace of God,
all your affairs in Sussex go on and are treated duly ; and for
this I labour with all my power, as I know that you wish it ;
deign to write to me yoiu- good pleasure upon the aforesaid
and other things. May the Most High preserve, for long
time, your hfe and safety." '^

■* He was archdeacon of Lei

1" 6SI. " Revenmdo Domino siio Rudulpbo gratia Dei Cicestrie Episcopo, Domini Regis
Csnccllario devotiu euua SimOQ de Senliz salulem. et tajn devotaxn qiiaiD debitam ohc-
dientiam el reverentdam. Sciatis, Domiiie, quod die Dominica proxima {lost nativitatem
BeaU Marie recepi apud Aldingebum per mauus Roberti Blund, Willelmi de Araz et
Bruwer niincii veatri, xi. equos quos illuc transmisistia, et gratia Dei salvo venenmt.
Horrea veatra in maneriis vestria competenter &ugibus suiit impleta, et 1>ene intelli)^
quod in pluribus maueriis plnres babetis garbas hoc amio quam anao preterito habuistia.
leminare fado in plerisque maneriis vestris et cariare meremium de Bniyllo Cycestrensi,
empto a Domino WDlelmo de Sancto Jolianne, usque in curiam veatram de Cycestrie. ad
hee Domine, rogo excellentiam veatram attentiua, ut » placet signifleetis mihi ante diem
8. Michaelia quis deheat una mecuiQ audire compotum de preposi
111 puto quod magiater Reginaldua de Wynlou oiBcialis yei
inue et nunc fcatum S. Micliaelis instst, lempus compotus audiendi. Igiti

66 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NKVILL,

683, An agreement is in progress between Sir W. de St.
John and W. de Goodwood. Marling with twelve carts at
Aldingcburn. Pish cannot well be sent up from Sussex to
London, unless the bishop sends his sumpters on purpose.

S. de S. to B. de N. {as in 671). — " Yom" excellency should
know that I have conferred with Sir W. de St, John upon
the business which was intrusted to me by you, who kindly
answers me that he will most readily assent to your will in this
particular, as soon as he shall have had an interview with you.
But the same Sir WiUiam, according to the agreement begun
and arranged between yon and him in London concerning the
business of William do Gtodewewd, has appointed a day for
the said William at Boxgrave, on the Thursday next after the
feast of S. Andrew {Nov. 30), in order that there, in presence
of the Lord Dean of Chichester, and your official and me,
peace shoidd be restored between them, if possible ; and I
win strive for this to the best of my power, with the greatest
diligence. I also wish you not to be unaware (nolo vos latere)
that on the morrow of the blessed virgin Catherine {Nov. 25)
twelve carts were ready for marling in your manor at Aldingc-
burn. I also beseech you, dearest lord, that, if you shoidd
judge it necessary that fish should be forwarded with cer-
tainty from Sussex to you in London, you will cause to be
sent some of your sumpter-horses (aliquos de summariis vestris)
in Sussex, since otherwise fish will not be able, without great
difficulty, to be transmitted to you. Deign to signify to me,
if you please, the assurance of your arrival in these Sussex
parts, contrary to present arrangements (contra ordines),
knowing for certain, that if it can anyhow be done, your
arrival in these parts would be necessary. Upon the premises,
and other matters, deign to signify yoiu' pleasure to me, if you
please. May your excellency always fare well in the Lord,"

684. The abbess of Barking, a Benedictine nunnery in

quid super hoc et aliis agents Testris in epistopatu vestro, vestra \-elit et Eentiat discretio,
mjchi si placet intimare dignemini, quoniam atatim post compotum auditum, veniaui ad vos
London, nisi priua de manciato Testro alibi Teaire debeam. Gratia Dei omnia agenda
veBtra in Susses rite procedunl et aguntur, et ad hoc pro viribus Uboro, quoniam scio
quod illud optatis. Beneplacitum vestnim super predictis et ahis miehi serilicre digne-
;l per lempora longa."

BISOOP OF CHICHESTER.

fi7

Essex, about this time, was Maud, a natural <laiifthtcr of
King John ; she petitions that some land in the bishop's
manor in Cacham, in W. Wittering parish, slioidd l)c sur-
rendered to her kinsman, and S. de S. advises compliance.
The poor men at Horton, who had given security for a debt
of 40«. of W. de Brewus, are in trouble about it ; llorton was
a manor in Seeding parish, receiving a quit-rent fioni South-
wick, apparently now under the wardship of the bishop.

S. de S. to H. de JV. {fis in 668). — " You have iiifonucd me,
by your letters, that the Lady Abbess de Berckinges has
many times besought you, with entreaties, that you woidd
show favour to a certain kinsman of hers, the wardship of
whose land has devolved on you in your manor of Cacham.
Wishing, however, fully to assure you about this land, I make
known to your excellency, that there is not in the whole more
than OBe ploughland there, and from that ploughland are
deducted two dowers (dc ipsa earucata detrahantur due dotes);
the residue however of the land, namely, of the ])ortion of the
kinsman himself of the abbess I have put out to lease for a
silver marc, so that, if you pleased, you might release that
wartlship to him, but with the reservation that the produce of
this coming autumn should be given up to the use of him who
has sown that land. Moreover, know, dearest lord, that Sir
William Maubaut has sent his steward to Brambre for 40s.,
which Sir William de Brewus '^ had promised, and he there
found pledges (invenit plegium de hominibus) of the men of
Hortunc who are in your wardship, that Sir William Maubaut,
on a day appointed him, would come to satisfy him fully : on
the day however appointed him, he did not come to redeem
them (ad ipsos deliberandos), wherefore the bailiffs (baiUivi) of
Brcmbre seized the pledged goods of the said bail, nor could
they have them quit untU satisfaction should be given him of
the 40s.; but may it please you to consider the indemnity of

'^ This William (le Braosc, who clied 1290, Has the sod of Joha, and during his minority
in ward uniler Pefer Ae Bivauls, who, in 1334, miide excuses for not bringing the hoy to
the court as hong ill, anil he was afienvards committed to Prince Richard, csri of
Cornwall. Perhaps in the inl*rval Ws Sosses estates were managed by Bishop Ralph de
N'erill. William Maybauk was a witness to a charter of John de Braose in the beginning
of the reign of llenry HI (Oallaway's Rape of Bramber). aud his family, in 1324, held the
manor of Toltington, E\leading into Southwick. Edmund Maubank appeared on behalf
of Queen Isabella, in 1320-1 , at the Court of the baililla of Pevensc, (Lew. Cb. f. 91 .)

I,V;TTr,BS TO RALPri DE NEVII,!,,

the poor men, as tliey are under yom- wardship, upon the
afore-mentioned demand ; consult your discretion, il' you
please, lest the said poor men shoidd incur loss, by reason of
their lord ; for you are able, if you please, to satisfy this
demand, and to reckon it to Sir WiUiam, in his rent (compu-
tare in firma sua). Moreover, know, lord, that the same
William does not permit your wheat of Hortmie to be ground,
although he may see that we have need of forage for the
use of the oxen Uving there (hcet videat quod nos ad opus
boum ibidem esistenciimi de foragio negocium habeamus). I
am unwilling too, lord, that the poor men should enter upon
this payment, because I well know that the same WiUiam does
this for no other reason than that he may discharge himself,
and that the poor men should have the biu-den and incur the
loss. Wherefore it is necessary for me that you should please
to signify to me your advice upon this, if you please, in order
to redeem the goods (averia) of the said men of Hortmie.
Concerning Master Reginald, your clerk, I inform you that he
conducts himself in yoxu" diocese as a man of good life and
honest conversation (vir bone vita et honeste conversationis),
and he diligently employs himself to preserve the rights and
indemnities of the church, and your honour and advantage, as
it becomes him. I have asked the men of Bum for 100s. in
Aid (auxilio), which they owe annually, who all with one voice
said that they would come to you to have a release from it
{ad habendam inde dehbcrationem) ; wherefore I have been
unwilling to distrain them on this account, before I had made
this known to you. Let the writ of our lord the king be sent
me, if you please, to search after Jordan, son of Ralph de
Drove, Sunon Cxirtman, John, son of Ralph de Drove, William
Baratt, who are your natives and fugitives. Upon these and
other matters, deign to let me know your pleasure, since, by
the grace of God, all your affairs in Sussex prosper, and, as is
fitting, advance duly and orderly. Parewell."

685. Master W. de Kajoisham expects to be dismissed from
the bishop's service, and will not exert himself : the rent of a
small garden in London to be lowered to a poimd of pepper ;
a desirable mortgage is likely to be offered at Westmill, 60
acres of the land sown with wheat ; the trial between the

BISHOP OF CIIKIIESTKR. 09

bishop and the abbot of Hyde, uear Wiiicheatpr, is coming on
soon. Walter de Aston was then abbot, and ttie dispute wiis
probably about the five hides of land in Estcrbridge hundred,
iji Sussex, held by his abbey.

-S". de S. to B. de N. {same as 668).—" Know, dearest lord,
that I have spoken in London with Master WiUiam de
Kaynesham, about his collectuig your dues, which belong to
you, in Sussex (de officiis vestris que vos contingunt in Sussex,
per eum procurandis), by whose liint I learnt that he does not
vigilantly employ himself in your business, becJiuse, as I
believe, he thinks shortly to be removed trom your service,
wherefore it is necessary for you to hold opportime counsel
about this. Moreover, I have had a conference with Sh John,
canon of Dorekceaster, to lower the rent of the garden, which
you bought from Nicholas at London (a Nicolao London),
wherefore I hope that at my instance, and for the small value
{/or a small consideration, pro parvo precio), you may be
able to diminish the rent annually, by a payment hencefortli
every year of one pound of pepper, or cinnamon, or something
of that sort. Your excellency ought also to know that it has
been hinted to me by Thomas, your servant, at Westmuln,
that Sir John de Rocheford, Knight, is ready to mortgage
(pignori obhgaxe) for eight years, a ploughland (carucatam) of
his land neighbouring yom' land of Westmub, whereof 60
acres have been sown with wheat, and for each acre 6*," are
offered him ready money (pre manibus). But of the residue
(de residue) of the same plougliland, a hundred and four score
acres are to be sown with oats and barley ; about that business,
as well as the other aforesaid matters to be procured and to
be completed for your honour and advantage, as your dis-
cretion may feel and see to be fitting, may your holiness
advise, info rmin g me, if you please, of your will and pleasm^
in these matters, since I will show myself vigilant in all your
affairs, to the best of my power. Know also, dearest lord,
that a day has been appointed you before the justices (jus-

" This ploughland Eeema to have consisted of more acrea than uaital. In an extent of
the land in Meite (co, Bncks). belonging to the alibej' uf Grestdgn, seized as alien in
1294, the price of fields sown appears, for an acre sown with nheat, 3»., mith peas and
vetches, Ij., with oats, 1». (de prato falcabili)' hay meadow, Us. (MSS. Add. 6164, f. 112^
Bi. Miu.)

70 LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL, .

ticiarios) at Westminster, in 15 days from the feast of Saint
Hilary, to hear the dispute which is between you and the Lord
Abbot of Hyde. May your holiness always prosper in the Lord."

686. Somebody must be sent to help at the audit, and then
S. de S. will come to London to report. A Cistercian
monk, from Bordesley, co. Worcester, has brought up lambs
and sheep from the abbot, the shepherd to be left with them ;
another proof of the dearth of Sussex shepherds,

S. de S. to M. de N. {same as 671). — " As I have otherwise
informed you, the time for auditing the accounts of your reeves
(prepositis) in your diocese is at hand, and it behoves you that
they should be audited quickly ; so that, if you please, most
dear lord, be pleased to send into your diocese some one of your
household {de familia veatra) to audit the account. You have
moreover directed me to come to you in London within 1 5
days after the feast of St. Michael. Wherefore I should
wish most freely to audit the account first with some one of
your household, so that, on my arrival, I might be able
reasonably to answer about the proceeds of your diocese.
Deign to let me know your good wUt, if you please, about the
aforesaid. Know, moreover, lord, that on the Saturday next
after the Exaltation of the Holy Cross {Sept. 14), there came
to me a certain monk fi'om Bordele, telling rae that 40 lambs
and two sheep (xl. agni et duo multones) had been sent to
you from the abbot of Bordele, and were at a certain grange
of the house of Waverle ; in consequence of which I asked
the said monk to lend you his shepherd (bercarium snum),
until I could procure another suitable, and this he willingly
granted me. May your holiness always prosper in the Lord. '

687. The perambulation of the Broyle is delayed. S. de S.
promises to leave £20 in London for the bishop's expenses, and
money from the Fifteenth. The cash will be deposited at the
Franciscan convent for the bishop, such estabhshments then
acting as banks of deposit. Great expenses which had been
going on in the bishop's house in London, had been checked
by S. de Senliz,

8. de S. to n. de N. {as in 668).—" Know, lord, that on the
day of St. Hilary I received your letters in London, in which

BI8H0P OF CHICHESTKR. 71

■was contained, that my presence in Sussex would be necessary
I to expedite and promote your affairs there. . . . {MS. mper/ect.)
... I forwarded on the messenger to my father, who .... as is
related to me, was detained by sickness .... St. Hilary, which
messenger, by Giod's gift, will arrive on the Thm-sday or the
Friday next after the feast of St. Hilary, at .... to let me know
more fully about his condition. Upon that matter which your
excellency signified to me, that without any waste of delay I
should be present at the perambnlation of the Chichester wood
(bosco), I let your holiness know that the sheriff of Sussex, the
knights and very many freeholders (hbere tenentes), who had
been chosen the advers.e side, to make the perambu-
lation, were in London on the octaves of the Epiphany, where
I have had a conference with the greater part of them, without
' whose presence I should not be able to advance this perambu-
lation that I should receive from my father, by my

messenger, a certain and opportune command, and when the
aforesaid sheriff and knights, who are bound to be present
(interesse debent) at the perambulation, depart from London,
know that I will journey into Sussex without waste of delay ;
but before I leave London I will treat of many particulars about
your affau^ in Sussex with you, if you please, since about
Easter, and not before, I expect to return from Sussex. About
your having commanded me to leave £20 for yoru- expenses in
London, together with the money of yoiu- Eifteenth (cum de-
nario de quintadecima vestra), I acquaint your holiness that,
either by borrowing or some other mode, I will deliver the
sum of £20, together with £32 1 5s. b^d. from your Eifteenth
(de quintadecima vestra), to brother GUebert, the treasurer of

the Hospital of the Enars {mi?wr) which you may have

ready by your arrival in London. Know also, lord, that when
I came to London, I found heavy expenses in your dwelling
(in hospitio vestro) in London, (on behalf of (pro) R. de
Warewike, as I know, from being so told), which on my
I arrival I lessened. At the departure of this, there was not yet

' come to London yours from Sanwiz (Sandwich). Know

this also, lord, that the presence of Master Reginidd in Sussex
was necessary to expedite and forward your affairs there. Upon
the premises, and other matters, deign to inform me, if you
please, what may be agreeable to yom' pleasmre, as you shall see
I jt expedient. May your holiness always prosper in the lord."

72 LKXTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

302. S. de S, sends 85 ella of clotli for the poor; cannot
seU the old wine, as there is so much new on sale in Chichester,
which seems to have been a place of considerable import for
the wines from the south of France at this period.

5'. deS.toB.deN.iasmQ7l).—"K-aow,\ord, that William
de St. John is not in these Sussex parts, so that I cannot at
present complete the business which you enjoined me ; but as
soon as he shall be come into these Sussex parts, I wiU strive
with all my might to expe^te and complete it, as I shall see it
result to your honoiu-. I send you fourscore and five ells of
cloth, bought for the use of the poor, and to be distributed. I
am not able to sell for your advantage the wine which is in
your cellar in Chichester, on account of the too great abimdance
of new wine which there is in the town of Chichester. Know
also, lord, that a certain burgess of Chichester holds one croft,
which belongs to the garden granted to you by the Lord King,
for which he pays every year 1 1 shillings, which (quos) the
sheriff of Sussex exacts (cxigit) from him Wherefore since
the said land belongs to the said garden, and has been of old
time subtracted from it, about the aforesaid rent be pleased to
signify your advice to me. In your manor of Selesey I am
marling effectually, so that, on the departure of this, five acres
have been marled. Please to intimate to me your will upon the
premises and other matters, as I will show myself vigilant and
watchful, to the utmost of my strength, about taking care of
and completing your business. May your excellency prosper
in the Lord."

303. The dispute about rights of common with the abbot
of Seez has been referred to iu No. 674 ; but the agreement
supposed to have been come to appears now broken off, and
the compulsion of a distress is recommended.

" To his Reverend Lord Ralph, by the grace of God Bishop
of Chichester, Chancellor of our Lord the Kim/, his own Simon
de SeuUs, greeting in the Lord. — Your excellency must know,
that on the Thiirsday next after I left you, I came to the
Broyle (ad bmill) with good and discreet men, to meet the
abbot of Seez, as was pre-arranged in your presence. But he
contradicted the convention made before you, asserting that
no mention had been made iu your presence of the Great Land
(de Magna Landa), but only of Wliite Land (de Alba Landa),

BISHOP OF fUICHESTER. 73

which only contains (tenet) 3 or 4 acres at most. You will,
however, if you please, easily call to mind, that we made the
greatest effort before you about Great Land, namely, that he
should quitclaim to you both the Great Land and the White
Laud at the same time, so that he should remain in peaceable
possession of his crofts, and the land of his wood which he had
sold. It is advisable, therefore, as it seems to me, for you to
make some distress in some mode, that he may the quicker
return to your will. But about his crofts which are sown, first
deign to command me, whether I ought to allow hun to carry
off his crops. Be pleased to signify to me, if you please, your
pleasure upon these and other matters. Farewell."

Besides the numerous letters written by S. de St. Liz, there
are a few letters to the bishop-chancellor from others. It
does not appear for whom the favour is asked, mentioned in the
following letter from his kinsman, G, de Nevill, who was
chamberlain to the justiciary Hubert de Burgh.

308. " lb the venerable Father in Christ and Reverend Lord,
and if it ao please, kinsman, Ralph, by the grace of God Bishop
of Chichester, his own in all things, G. de Nevill, chamberlain,
eternal greeting in the Lord. — I beseech your paternity earnestly,
that for the sake of yourself, and at my entreaties, you will
deign so kindly to listen to the entreaties which the Lord
Richard, brother of the Lord King, and the Lord Earl of
Sarum, pour forth to you, on behalf of him, who has carried
himself so faithfully in the service of the Lord King, and of
the lord his brother in Gascony, that it may result to your
honour and advantage. Farewell in Christ."

306. Ademandon the bishop-chancellor forthe immediate pay-
ment of a small debt, seems, though respectful, rather summary.

" Jb the venerable man, his Lord and Father in Christ, Ralph,
by the grace of God, Bishop of Chichester, his clerk, Ralph de
Tiboutot, greeting, and im whole self favourably disposed in
all things. — -I beseech your paternity to send me, by the bearer
of this, 20 shillings, which, by your favour, you owe me from the
term of St. John. May yom- paternity prosper in the Lord."'^

■" 306. " VuD venerabili domino sno et patri in Chrislo Radulpho Dei gratia Cicestrensi
episcopo Biiiis clericiia Radulphus de Tiboiitnt salulem, et se totiim In ommbus favorabilem.
patemitati veatre siipplico, ut niihi per latnrcm prraencinm mittatis xs. soliiios, q
gratia uiilii del^elis da icnnino S, JolianniE. Valent pHternitaa vcs(ra ill Domiuo.

LETTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL,

In 428, K. Henry III commanda Bishop Ralph, hia chan-
cellor, and Simon de Segrave, to give (faciatia habere scutagia)
Peter de Bras the scutages of his knight *a fees, held in capite
while he is serving with the army in Poictou. This is dated

14th September, 1330.

278. We have seen enough instances of Simon de Senliz's
keen sense of his master's interests, and how the abbot of
Seez, in No. 303, drew back from a compromise, protesting
that the terms had not been fairly explained to him. Thu
following letter, from Richard Wethershed, recently elected
Archbishop of Canterbmy, in 1228, is of the same nature,
and seems written with an indignant sense of having narrowly
escaped fi^m an attempted fraud.

" Bichard, hy the grace of God, elect of Canterbury, to his
venerable brother Ralph, by the same grace. Bishop of Chichester,
Chancellor of the Lord King, greeting in the Lord. — ^We sup-
pose you to bear in memory that, when you lately held a con-
ference with us, you suggested to us that there was a dispute
between our men of Pageham and yours, about certain boun-
daries, asserting that our men would by no means be content
with the ancient boundaries ; on account of which, thinking
some small matter was comprised under the name of boun-
daries, as a ditch, or such like, we conceded that those
boundaries should be defined by royal command {per manda-
tum regimn declarari) ; but because we have since learnt, by
our bailiffs (baillivos) for certain that the matter is not small,
but rather great, in peaceful possession of which the chm'ch
of Canterbury has stood for a hundred years and more, I
cannot, without our heavy loss, endure that the aforesaid
business should proceed for the present. Since, therefore, as
we have heard, you will have obtained the writ of the Lord
King upon this to the sheriff of Sussex, to make the aforesaid
perambulation l^y lawfiil men, we affectionately beseech your
brotherhood, that you will give {orders) to the said sheriff, by
your letters and commands, that he should forbeai- to use the
said writ, until we shall have had a conference upon this,
which will be shortly, by the Lord's permission. But we
rely upon you that, inasmuch as we would not attempt any-
thing to the prejudice of your right, so also you are unwiUing
to do anytliing which may redound to our damage and dis-

BISHOP OF CUICHESTEB.

grace or to that of our chiirch. I'arewell ; and upon

matter write back your will to us."

487. This letter brings forward a new crasader, the bishop's
carpenter having assumed the cross, and left his service, wMle
employed at Chichester cathedral. The carpenter seems, by
the terms used, to have been retained under some contract for
a limited time or work, and a substitute was therefore presented
by him. Simon was dean from 1220 to, perhaps, 1230.
" 2h tie venerable Lord and dearest Father in Christ, Ralph,
the grace of God Bishop of Chichester, Chancellor of the
•d King, bis ever devoted S{imon), dean, and the chapter
of the same church, with due obedience of devoted submission.
— Your carpenter of Chichester church, approaching us under
a vow signed with the cross, wishing to begin his journey
(devotus carpeutarius vester ecclesie Cicestrensis crucesignatua
volens iter suum ampere), has presented to »ia a certain fit and
competent young man (juvenem), of whom we entertain sure
hope that he will sufficiently supply the business, in order that
he, in the absence of the aforesaid crusader (cmcesiguati), may
be able to replace him in his duties in the said church, in like
manner as he was bound (sicut ipse tenebatur), and since we
are unwilling to meddle with this manner of busmess without
your will and assent, we send the same crusader to you, de-
voutly supplicating your paternity, that if you are willing to
admit the said young man, you will inform us, if you please,
of your pleasure on this matter, by letter to us by means of the
Igame crusader. May yoiu" serenity always prosper in Christ."

r 282. The Precentor of Chichester, if he were the writer of
the following manly letter, appears to have been Ervisius de
Tywa, from 1219 to 1239. He acted in June, 1239, as one
of the arbitrators in a dispute between Albert, prior of Lewes,
aud Nicholas, vicar of Patcham. (Lew. Ch. f. 112.) It is
remarkable that no other letter in the collection makes any
appeal to the bishop's spiritual feehngs, except by the customary
set phrases of compliment. The tone of the letter implies that
the bishop had not been a very frequent attendant at the
cathedral of Chichester while chancellor.

' 7b his Bcvereml Lord and Father in Christ, Ralph, hg

1 this ^H

LE'JTERS TO RALPH DE NEVILL.

J}ivine clenient^ Bishop of Chichester, his clerk 'W{iUiaiti)
Precentor (cantor) of Chicliester, eternal greeting, and both
devoted and due reverence. — Although the common advantage
of the kingdom is to be preferred before the private advantage
of individuals, yet since the glorious solemnity of the Passion
and Resurrection is at hand, in which it is no less honorable
than laudable for the cathedral church to be adorned with its
own prelate (suo decorari antistite), and for sheep to rejoice in
their own shepherd, I beseech yon, with all the devotion in my
power, that, if it can in any way be done vrithout offence to the
Lord King, you will be pleased to visit your church, and cele-
brate the paschal services. Both the clergy and the people
would congratulate indeed your presence, and I hope that, for
the space of three days at least, it would be agreeable to your
paternity to attend to the divine mysteries in your church of
Cliichester, laying aside in the meanwhile the anxieties and
cares of the court, which, incessantly harassing you, scarcely
permit the least, if any, period of tranquillity by day or night.
Despising in all your business the threats of men, may you
place your hope and trust in Him, who has the power to cast
both body and soul into hell (in gehennam) ; and if it should
perchance happen that you do not come into these parts, I im-
plore the kindness of your paternity, that you wUl be pleased
to make known to me, according to yom- opportunity, a day and
place after Easter, or within it, where I may enjoy a much de-
sired conference with you, for I have many things to consult
with you upon, in my business and secrets. May your pater-
nity prosper in the Lord."

—p. 48, L -i, for JIamjilBii, read Hampneh

MOTICES CONNECTED WITH A RECENT EXCAVATION

THE COLLEGE CHAPEL AT ARUNDEL.

BY THE REV. M. A. TIEHNEY, F.R.S., F.S.A.,

The following Notes of an excavation lately made in the
Ihapel belonging to the College of the Holy Trinity, at
' Arundel, were intended originally to fonn a few supple-
mentary pages to my printed account of that foiindation.
My object in writing them was simply to record the little
additional information w-hich I had obtained, and to distribute
it, in a printed form, among audi of my friends or acquaint-
ances as might chance to possess the volumes : but some
members of the Society have since thought that the Notices,
which I then penned, might possibly possess some slight
degree of interest on the present occasion ; and, as they have
not yet been committed to the press, I have resolved to defer
to this opinion, and read them, with a short introductory
sketch, as one of the papers of the day. One recommenda-
tion they will unquestionably possess, and that is their brevity.
If an apology be wanting for their introduction, I can only
plead the partiahty, or the enthusiasm, of those friends who
have induced me to inflict them on the meeting.

The foundation, in 1380, of the CoUege of the Holy Trinity,
at Arundel, and of the magnificent chapel which belonged to
it, is no doubt fanuliar to all the members of the Society. At
the period of the dissolution of the monastic and other reh-
gious establishments of the country, the college, of course,
shared the fate of its sister institutions ;-but a deed of con-
veyance, obtained upon the payment of one thousand marks,
and an annual rent of sixteen guineas to the crown, secured
its possession to tbe family of the original founder ; and the

COLLEGE CHAPEL AT ARUNDEL.

college, with its lands and manors, the chapel and all its ap-
purtenances, became the private property of the Earls of
Arundel.* The college was now dismantled and unroofed ;
but the chapel, protected by its peculiar character and des-
tination, was more fortunate. From the period of its foun-
dation, it had been used as the burial-place of the family ;
and, for this reason, was not unnaturally spared in the de-
struction which involved the neighbouring biuldings.

It was on December 26th, 1544, that the patent convey-
ing the coUege and its property to Henry Fitzalan, Earl of
Arundel, was issued by the crown ; on Eebruary 34th, 1580,
that nobleman expired ; and, a few days later, was interred
among his ancestors in the chapel. His death closed the line
of the Iltzalans ; but the Howards, who, by the marriage of
I'honias, Duke of Norfolk, with one of the daughters of the
late earl, had succeeded to the honours and property of the
earldom, continued to use the chapel as their sepulchral rest-
ing-place J and two small vaults, sunk, in 1624, in the Chapel
of Our Lady, and having their respective entrances on the north
and south sides of the tomb (I) of John Eitzalaa, which

A, Stone CoffiE,

B, Vault, now deatroyad.

C, Stone Coffin.

E, Tomb of Earls Thomas

and William, ob. 1524-36.

P, Tomb of Earl William, ob. 1488.
G, Tomb of Earl Tliomas, ob. 1415.
H, Tomb of Earl John, ob. 1435.
1, Tomb of Earl John, ob. 1421.
K, Entrance from sacristy, now stopped

43, apiid nisi, of Aniniicl, (112.

COLLEGE CHAPEL AT ARUNDEL.

stands in the middle of that chantry, became henceforth the
burial-place of this family. But a period of more than two
centuries had already filled these vaults with remains, when it
was thought advisable to construct another and if possible a
larger repository, for the interment of the meml>ers of the
house. With this view, the space under the sanctuary and
^tar of the coUege chapel, extending from the foot of the
central tomb (G) of Thomas, Eaii of Ajundel, and Beatrix, his
countess, to the great east window, and comprising the whole
width of the area, was selected, and, at the beginning of
February, 1847, those works were commenced, which led to
the foDowing discoveries.

Satmrday, February 6. — The workmen employed in opening

the ground, came upon an interment apparently of a date

contemporary with the erection of the chapel itself. It was

the skeleton of a man of more than six feet in height, and,

judging from the size of the bones, of unusual power. It lay

at a depth of about three feet from the surface, mider the

second step (A) leading to the altar ; having its head against

an old foundation wall which crosses the sanctuary at the foot

of the tomb (G) of Earl Thomas ; and with its left side about

r five feet from the face of the wall that supports the canopy

■erected over the tomb (E) of Thomas and William, Earls of

■Arundel, on the north side of the chapel. The receptacle pre-

Ipared for the body was remarkable. In form and dimensions

■ it bore the appearance of a stone coffin ; but it was without

I a bottom; the foot and sides, as far as the shoulders, were

Mnstmcted of small cut blocks of Caen stone, which, from

Itheir shape, as well as from the rich diapermg still visible

■upon some of them, had evidently formed portions of the old

ttftiory Church ; while the upper part was completed by two

irger blocks of the same material, united just at ihe crown

T the skull, and hollowed out, so as exactly to receive the

sad. This upper part was covered by another flatter atone,

in such manner as to form a perfect chamber for the head ;

but below there was no sign of covering of any sort. The

trunk and limbs had evidently been left unprotected, and the

earth filled in upon them. Among the remains was found the

trowel orjloat, as it is technically called, which had been used

by the mason in plastering the stones. The handle was broken

COI.LF.OE r:ilArF,I, AT AltCNDEI,.

off — an indication that its work was done, and that it w.
again to be employed ; but, in form and size, the implement
corresponded exactly with the tool of the present day, from
which, in fact, it differed solely in the coarseness and thick-
ness of the material. The accompanying woodcut (Fig. 1)
wUl convey an acciu-ate notion of the cofiin, as it appeared
when first opened. The coffin itself, however, has been pre-
ser\'ed, and may be seen in the small chapel at the back of the
high altar.

Titesday, February 9. — The space between the coffin or cysB
which I have just mentioned, and the canopy erected over the^
tomb of Earls Thomas and WUliain, on the north side of the
sanctuary, was occupied by the vault (B), or a portion of it,
described in pp. 634, 635 of ray histoiy. In pursuance of the
plan on which the works were proceeding, this vault was to
be thrown into the larger one, now in course of construction.
Its walls, therefore, were taken down, and the four coffins of
Philip Howard, his wife, and his two sons, known to be con-
tained in it, were removed, when we unexpectedly discovered a
leaden case, fitting close to a body which had been interred in
it, and, in appearance, much resembling a mummy-case (lig. 2).
An inscription, rudely scratched with the point of some sharp
instrument across the lower part, over the legs, announced if

COLLEIJE (JIIA-I'EL AT AlirNKKL. 81 '

to be the coffin of "Mary, Countea of Arundel, 1657, 20
Octobej'," Becoiid wife of Henry Fitzalaii, last Earl of Arundel of
that. name. It wan lyin^ close to the wall, on the south side

of the vault, with the feet inunediately undiir the north-west
angle of the altar, and a Inige quantity of loose ciu-th carefully
thi'own over it. Ilovv. or at wluxt precise period, it oarne to be
pUreil \[C[v, can only he uiattiT of conjecture. It is certaui,
118 we know from Slrv[)i', tlial I lie liidy wlmsi'body it contains,
and who died at Hath I'laee, afli-rwnrdw callcil Anuidel House,
in the Strand, was bm'ied ori>;iiiidly in the church of St.
Clement Danes, in London i'' hut ihc daii^hlcr of her husband
by his first marriage, whose nanir, lite her own, was Mary,
and who, having espoused the Didio of Norfolk, had become

° "On Ibe uuue day," {October 31, 1167) "ilica Iho Counleas of Araiulel, >t B«tli
riac«, in St. Clemeot'a pviih, witliuut Temple Bw.

" On the 26th wu h goodl; heoree set up (or her in the aiM parish churoh, with flre
piioripals, ^hl bannenda. &o. On the S71h ahe w&a braiigbt tu church, the bisbt^i of
Lonilon, Pmul's choir, tuul (he clerka of l-onihui ^ng Itrftire, Then oine llie cocfae, «ith
6\e hiniiiiiii of umi burue. Then eaiae funt heralds in their coats of Hnns, uid bare (our
baunere of iniagea aX the four ctirnera. And then csniB the chief ninumer*, my Lady of
Worreater. Latly Lumley. Lady North, and Lady Saint Leger. Then cune ■ hundred
niDiimen of men, and, aAer, ai many lacBes and gentlennmcn. «U m black ; beddes a gieM
many poor women lu lilaek aitd rub. and four-aud-tventy poor men, ami many of tier
■ervania, in black, bearing t^ torch lights. On the neit day, Imui^; tlie 2Slh. was the maa
of Xeguim aung, and a aermon lueached, and. after, her gmx was buried; and all ha
ofHeen. with white staves in their haudn. aiid all the heralds wiutin; alnut her iu IhaT
ooat-arwour. The lord abbot of WestniJuater was the preacher, and the hisbop of LOBdMk .
sung the niau. A second mass was auug hy another bishop ; and a tturd by a
pricat. Awl after, all departed to mvkvd's plave to dinner." (Strype, Meniariala.in>3!(9^ J
Ul. 6

COLLEGE CHAl'EI. AT ARUNDEL.

the mother of him from whom the futm-e earls of Anmdel de-
scended, had been interred in the same place only in the pre-
ceding month ;' and it is Itnown, that for the body of this latter
lady a search was afterwards ordered to be made, with a view
to its removal to Arundel.* Now, it is by no means impro-
bable that the search in question was made ; that this case or
coffin was then found ; and that Mary, Countess of Arundel,
who died in 1557, being mistaken for Mary, mother of the
Earl of Arundel, who also died in 1557, was brought here on
that occasion. Certain it is that the latter, Mary, Duchess of
Norfolk, is not here.

Wednesday, February 10. — Another stone coffin or cyst was
discovered, situate at the south end of the altar ; its left side,
in fact, forming part of the foundation of the altar in that spot,
and its foot resting against the reredos (see C in the plan). Like
the one abeady mentioned, it was constructed with stones,
evidently taken from the remains of the ancient church ; but
there was no covering to the upper part ; the stones were not
hollowed out to receive the head ; and the interior, instead of
being left bare, as in the preceding instance, was hned through-
out with & thick coating of very hard cement. From the pre-
sence of several very large nails, it was evident that the body
had originally been inclosed in a wooden shell. The skeleton,
which was that of a man above the middle size, waa perfect.
The arms were folded, and across the waist was a hne of
greenish earth, impregnated apparently with particles of de-
composed brass. Close to the left hip were found two rings,
of about an inch and a half each in diameter ; one an ordinary
ring, of iron ; the other a buchle-ring, with the tongue stiU re-
maining, of brass ; whUe several pieces of coarse woollen cloth

^ History of Arundel, 358, note ; and Strype, Mem. iii, 383.

' By his will, dated U. Dover, Sept, 3, 1641, Thomas, Earl of Anmdel, the grandson of
this lady, fixes the place of his own inlermcnt at Arundel ; orders " a figure of marhle,"
with a " short latine epitaph," to be erected to the memory of his eldest son ; and ex-
presses a wish that " an only sister, who is huried there, may have some memory of her
great virtue." Then come* the following passage: "And j/" my ffrandmalher of
NordfoWt body ctmld bet found in St. Clemenl'i cAurch, I deiiire it taighl bee catyed to
ArundeU, and there haue some •memory ^ her : for 1 d^ire persons of our family, beeing
of so eminent virtues as these three were, and dyed all about the age of ffifteene, ruight
have record left worthy of them." (MS. HarL 6372, fbl. 3L)

COLLEGK CHAl'Kl. AT ARUNDKL.

bore testimony to the fact of the body having beeu interred iu
a dress of that material. The plasterer's trowel, broken pre-
cisely as in the former instance, had been thrown in upon the
remains, and was found among the earth.

The accompanying engraving (Pig. 3) exhibits some of the
stones which formed this coffin, which, when put together, and

restored to the relative positions which they originally occupied,
prove to have been the jamb, or part of the jamb, of one of the
windows of the ancient church. Of that edifice, which was
pulled down when the chapel, with the present church, was
erected, in 1380, the age, though suspected, has been hitherto
unknown ; but by the aid of this interesting reUc, I think we
may now fix its date with tolerable certainty. The window
was round-headed ; the large internal splay, and the plain deep
torus moulding of the external face, are both characteristic of
the early Norman age ; and there can be little doubt, therefore.

COLLEGE CHAPEL AT AltUNDEL,

tliat the biiilding owed its erection either to Roger Mont-
gomery, first earl of Arundel, or to one of his immediate
successors. Prom the bevelling of the springing-stone, it ap-
pears that the arch of the window was a seraicii'cle, having aJ
radius of sixteen inches, and thus givuig to the pertbration al
total width of two feet eight inches. "

Who may have been the persons entombed in these coffins
is a matter of speculation, which, however interesting in itself,
is one, unfortunately, which we have no means of satisfactorily
determinmg. The fact, however, that the coffins were formed
of stones obtained from the ancient church, shows that the
interments must have taken place at the earliest period after
the foundation, perhaps even during the erection, of the chapel,
when the materials of the former building were still at hand ;
while the particular spot in which they were found — one
under the steps of the sanctuary, and the other at the end of
the altar — naturally suggests the inference that they were
ecclesiastics. But they could scarcely have belonged to the
new college ; for the bretJtren would certainly not be buried
nearer to the altar than the masters, and the first three masters,
Ertham, White, and Colmord, have their graves at the en-
trance of the chapel, leading from the church. Could they,
then, have been members of the dissolved priory ? Unques-
tionably, we know, that when Loxley, the escheator, was sent
down by the king, to inquire into the propriety of dissolving
the priory, and secularizing its inmates, there were two monks,
Mercer, the prior, and another whose name has not reached
us, still surviving. Of the period of their death we have no
knowledge ; but that they may have been the tenants of the
coffins in question is not impossible ; and the line of eart.h,
indicative of a belt or girdle, with the woollen cloth which I
have mentioned as found in one of the coffins, will scarcely
fail to be deemed, in some degi'ee, confirmatory of this sug-
gestion.

Saturday, February 13. — We opened the vault imder the
canopy and tomb (E) of Earls Thomas and WiUiam ; and, to
our surprise, found within it the body of Henry Eitzalan,
whose monument is on the opposite side of the chapel. It is
inclosed in a leaden case, precisely similar to that which I

COLLEGE CHAPEL AT ARl.'NDEI,. 85

have just described aa containing the body of his second wife,
Mary, Countess of Arundel, and lies close to the wall of the
vault, on the side nearest to the altar. Across the breast is
the inscription

^NFi3alrN

1579

scratched, as in the preceding case, with the point of some
sharp instrument.

On the left of this are two other bodies r that on the opposite
or north side of the vault has been embalmed, and is without any
inscription, or v^ible mark, whereby to identify it ; the other,
which lies in the middle, between the last two, is the body of
Henry, Lord Stafford, the brother of Maiy, who married
William Howard, fifth son of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and
afterwards Lord Stafford. Of the coffin no vestiges remain;
but on the body, which is reduced to a dry impalpable powder,
hes an engraved plate, bearing the following inscription :

" Hie sitmn eat eorjiuB Henrici DoTnini Stafford,
Baro"'" de Stafford, qui, quind^i ajinoru, decern
Hensiu, sei dieni spatio pi^ emeuso, pladdil in
Domino obiioniiivit, AuguBti i'"- Anno Dni 1637."

On the death of this lord, the barony legally devolved on
his tliird coushi, Roger Stafford, the nephew of his great
grandfather, and the son of Richard Stafford, by Mary,
daughter of John Corbet, of Cowlesmore, in Shropshire. The
marriage of Richard seems to have been imfortunate, and, in
all probabihty, gave offence to the family. Of his two chil-
dren, the fruits of this marriage, Jane, the daughter, became
the wife of a joiner ; and, in 1G37, when the barony devolved
on her brother, had a son hving at Newport, in Shropshire,
where he was following the humble craft of a cobbler. Roger
himself was bred in penury ; is thought to have found a
shelter, if not a home, beneath the roof of a person named
Ployde, a servant of his maternal uncle ; and, either to con-
ceal the disgrace of his family, or to blunt the recollection of
his own misfortunes, assumed, during liis early life, the name

COLLEGE CHAPEL AT ARUNDEL.

of his beuefactor. On the demise of his cousin, however, he
laid aside his mcognito, and petitioned parliajnent as the repre-
sentative of his famQy, and the heir to the vacant barony.
But the king interposed to prevent his suit. On the ground
of his poverty, and of his consequent inabihty to support the
dignity, Charles required him to surrender his claims to the
barony ; and Rogsr, in obedience to the royal will, was at ;
length (Dec. 7, 1 639) induced to sign a deed, relinquishing 1
his title to the honours of his ancestors, and placing them at '
the absolute disposal of the crown. In the following year,
WiUiam Howard and his wife, Mary, the sister of Henry Lord
Stafford, were created Baron and Baroness Stafford.

I may take this opportunity to add, that William Mathias,
the great-grandson of these parties, who succeeded his father,
Williara Stafford Howard, as third Earl of Stafford, in 1734,
and died in 1751, is buried in the small vault, which extends
along the front of the tomb of Wilham Earl of Arundel, under
the canopy on the south side of the chapel, where his coffin-
plate still exists, with the follo'wing inscription engraved
upon it :

" The Right Hon"!'-

WILLIAM M.'\TTHIAS,

Earl ht Stafpoiid,

Died Feb. 28, 1750-1,

Aged 31 years."

Under the head of Lord Stafford is just visible the skull of
another body. This and the embalmed one, already mentioned,
are probably the bodies of Earls Thomas and WOham, to
whom, on the authority of the inscribed brass affixed to it by
Lord Lumley, the monument over this vault is believed to
have been erected. There is, however, one point connected
with the tomb which deserves to be noticed. I have said that
we were surprised to discover in it the body of Henry, the last
carl of the Eitz^an line. In fact. Lord Lumley, the son-in-law
and executor of that nobleman, who had been present at his
funeral, and afterwards erected the monument which, on the
south side of the chapel, still records his name and commemo-
rates his virtues, not only says, in the inscription placed on
that monument, that his remains were interred beneath it (uic

COLLEGE CHAPKL AT AllUNDEL, S7

suBTER sita sunt ossa), but also on the brass, which, eighteen
years later, he affixed to the monument on the nort/i side, v}kere
the body was actually found, describes the vaidt, which is
covered by this monument, as containing only the remains of
TItomas and William, and speaks of those of Henry merely as
" entombed in this church."^ Yet, that he himself deposited
the body in the place where it was discovered can hardly be
doubted. An examination of the ground beneath the mural
tablet, on the south side, proves that it never could have been
interred there ,- and we can only, therefore, regard this as one
proof, at least, that monumental inscriptions are not always to
be implicitly relied on. I might perhaps mention another in-
stance of inaccuracy, connected with this very matter. In the
inscription, to which I have already referred, on the south side
of the altar. Lord Lumley tells us that his father-m-law. Earl
Henry, died on the twenty^M of February. Yet, on the
twenty^o?/r^/i, Lord Lumley himself, as heir to the deceased
earl, under an entail created in 1570, actually signed a deed,
conveying his interest in the castle and earldom of Arundel to
Philip Howard. This deed is still in existence, and, as I have
elsewhere remarked, is conftrmed, as to the matter of the date,
by a MS. life of the earl, written by one of his chaplains, and
still preserved in the British Museum, which tells us that he
died on the tv/enty -fourf/i, the day on which the deed was

There is another object, which, before I conclude this paper,
deserves to be noticed. It is the lower .half of a beautiful
statuette of Our Lady, which was found imbedded in the
earth and rubbish, thrown in when the chapel was erected,
and must have lain there for considerably more than four
centuries and a half. It is formed of Caen stone, beautifully
cut ; the folds of the robe descend with great elegance to the
feet, while the freshness of the gilding, the exquisite depth and
brightness of the blue dress, and the briUiancy of the small
red slippers, still remain, to show how feeble are the efibrts of
time, and damp, and wasting decay against the durability of

OLLKOE CHAI'EL AT ARUNDEL.

mediaeval art. The accompanying woodcut will convey some \
notion of the grace of this beautiful and interesting relic. It
is unfortunate that the bust and head could nowhere be _
found.

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.
BY WILLIAM DUBHANT COOPEB, I'.S.A.

I GIVE a fiill and corrected Pedigree of the Lewknors,
who, from the time of Edward I to the days of Philip and
Mary, occupied a very high position among the families of
Sussex. They were the representatives of the Bodyaius, the
Wardeuxs, the Dallyngnidges,' the Bardolphs, the Folyotts,
the Louches, the Husseys, and the Canioys,' and tlirougli
these last, of the Tregoz and the RadmyUes ; whilst they have
been connected by marriage with the De la WaiTes, the Sack-
villes, the Pelhams, the Pellatts, the Culpepers, the Gorings.
the Audleys, the Nevilles, the Finches, the Maya, tlie Stapleys,
and the Peacheys, of whom Lord Selaey is the head, and a
large number of the olden landed proprietors of Sussex. They
were many times sheriffs, and various members of the faniUy
represented the shire, Chichester, Shorchani, Horsham, and
East Grinstead, in Pai-hament. Tliey fought and bled at
Tewkesbury and Bosworth ; and for the part which Edward
Lewknor, who had been groom-porter to Edward VI and
Queen Mary, afterwards took against tliat Queen, he was
conveyed to the Guildhall, 16th June, 1556, and being cast
to suffer death, was taken to the Tower; he died, however,
before the execution of his sentence, and was buried in the
Tower on 7th September. Elizabeth was not unmindful of
his services, and one of the first acta of parliament intro-
duced in her time was on 16th March, 1658, for the resti-
tution in blood of his son Edward Lewknor, and three of his

' The persons apptonted for Sussex, 33 Edw. Ill, 1351, (RyiD. Feed. vol. iii, p. 456),
to take care of the kingdoin during the king's absence, were, Thomas de Brewoae, John de
Bonn of Midhurst. T^onww de Cantoyf, Andrew Pevcrel, Henry Tregortz, Henry Hnitf,
Hobert llalaham. Waller Coljipjicr, Roger Dalj/np-udge, and John Begelierry.

PEDIGEEE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

brothers, and six sistera. Another, Thomas Lewknor, with
many others,'* was suspected, by Richard Curtuia, Bishop
of Chichester, 1576, of being a papist, and his citation for
examination, on 24th March, 1576, was one of the charges
of over-zeal made against that ]irelate, and against which,
on the petition of Sir Thomas Palmer, sen., Knt., Richard
Ernley, Esq., Thomas Lewknor, Esq., and others, in 1577,
the bishop had to defend himself. (Strype'.s Annals, vol. ii,
pt. 2, pp. 32 and 116.)

The importance whicli this family (now passed away) held
in the county, induced me from time to time to look into
their pedigree, and I fomid so many errors and omissions,
that by degrees I filled up MS. pedigree with notes. Indeed
I found not only that names were inserted without authority,
but that all canonical rules had been set on one side by the
persons, who had compiled the printed pedigrees. Not only
were father and son made own brothers, and a daughter-in-
law made to many her husband's father, but one unfortunate
bachelor was made to marry his own aunt.

The foundation of the pedigree printed by DaUaway and
Berry is the Harl. MS., No. 1406, which is confessedly a
hasty and bad copy of the visitation of 1634, The more cor-
rect copy of that visitation, of which I have availed myself
is Harl. MS., No. 1562, and that is the basis of the pedigree
now printed ; it has, however, been compared with the evidence
given on the Camoys peerage, and with another copy of the
pedigree, Harl. MS., No. 6164. I have consulted the
Battle Abbey Records, Strype, Machin, Rymer, Madox,

s returned by tbe bishop as cite
Sir ThomsB FalmGi the elder, Knt.
Wm. SheUy, of Miclielgrove, Esq.
Rich. Shell y.late of Wonninghurst , Esq.
~ \a Lewknor, of SeUey, Esq.
WjlL Dawtrj, of Moor, Eaq.
Rich. Emley, Esq.
Jeffiwy Pole.

Edw. Gage, of Bentley, Esq.
John Gage, of Hrla, Esq.
Thos. Gage, of F^les, Esq.
Edw. Gage, of Firlee, Esq.
John Shelley of Patchom, Esq.
John Gosford, of Stansted Loilgc, Gent.

I (Strypc's Annals) were —
Jasper Gunter, Gent.
John Navye, of Raeton. Yeoman.
John Bicklej', Gent.
John Rinian, Gent.
One Hare, of Mr. CaieU's House.
Scot, of Iden.
One Tichbom, of Durford, Gent.

Ciyer, Paraon of Westmeston.

Graj, Parson of Withiani.

The Curate of Shipley.

John Taylor, Parson, and

Doctor Bajley,

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

Cotton's Bodyam, and other sources ; and I have to ac-
knowledge the ready and valuable aid of Sir Charles G. Young,
Garter, of T. W. King, Esq., York Herald, and Wm.Conrthope,
Esq., Rouge-Croix, in clearing up doubts and difficulties.

I have not, however, printed the first two descents as
given in the Harl. MS., No. 6164, believing, with Sir Charles
Young, the descent in the MS. 1562 to be the most correct
and probable. In MS. 6164, the grandfather of Sir Roger
Lewknor, who married the Bardolph, is said to be Nicholas
Lewknor, a witness to a charter, 50 Hen. Ill ; and the father
of Sir Roger is made Sir Jeftery Lewknor, one of the justices
in Eyre, who is made by DaUaway a brother of Sir Roger and
son of Thomas ; but there is no authority for having a son
Jeffery, or for the connection of that Geoffi-y Lewknor with
the Sussex family. There were other families of the same
name, for there was a Margeret de Lucenor, Abbess of
Shaftesbury (Hutchins' Dorsetshire, vol. ii, p. 17); a Galfridus
de Leukenore in 49 Hen. Ill (Mon. Angl., vol. ii, p. 330) ; a
Nicholas de Leukenore in 53 Hen, III (Madox's Exch.,
vol. i, p. 269) ; on id. Oct. 1278, John de Lewkenhowere was
constituted I'rior of St. Frideswide, Oxon (Heame) ; and in
17 Edw. Ill, John de Lewkenore had free warren in SpiUes-
bury, Oxon ; bnt they were disjointed persons. The descent
of the Sussex family even from Nicholas Lewknor, who was
keeper of the wardrobe, and died possessed of the manor of
Rayne Hall, Essex, in 1268, leaving a son and heir, Roger, to
whom Henry III confirmed the fee (Morant's Essex, vol. ii,
p. 401), is very doubtful. The first correct evidence of the
Sussex Lewknors is in the Placita de quo warranto, 7 Edw. I,
(Cal., p. 753), where Roger de Lukenor claimed and had the
manor of Herstede, in Sussex, which he and his ancestors had
owned from time immemorial. On the foundation of New
Winchelsea, 16 Edw. I, we find that Sir Roger de Lewkenore
was assigned a tenement there, next to those of Sir William
de Echinghain and Simon de Echingham. In 6 Edw. II,
Thomas Lewknor had free warren in Horsted Keynes, Brad-
hurst, Iteford, Selmeston, and Mankese, in Sussex, in South
Mimms in Middlesex, and in Gretworth in eo. Northampton,

a^Ebjlttior ^cStgrEE.

Nicholas Lewknor,
Lord of the Manor of

Rsyne Hall, Essex,
Kfeper of tlie Wardrobe [
ob. 126B. This deaceat,
however, ie Dot clearly
supported by authority.
(Morant's Essei, vol. a,

f-^Ol.)

Roger de Lewkenor, =
Sheriff of Surrey,

12 Edw. I, (1284);
died sdzed of the manors
of Sebiieston, Iteford, and
Horated Keynes. Inn-
p.m. 23 E dw. I.

I
Thomas Lenkenor, =
at. 24, 23 Edw. I. Inq.
|i. m. taken at Lewes, od
Sunday after the Feast of
St. Edward-

Sir Hoger Lewknor, =
K ni^t oftheShire,1336|
St, 32, 10th Edw. llli
Sheriff of Sussex, 29th

Edw. Ill;
Ob. 36 Edw. 111. (1362.)

=Barhara, da. & heir
of ... . Bardolph.
(Katherine was his
widow, but she may
have heen his wif^
subsequent to Bar-
bara Bardolph.)

Su- ThODias Lewknor, ^oaae, do. and heir o
Km., living 30 Edw. Ill, Sir John D'Oyley, o
(1356.) I Stoke D'Oyley.

Richard Lewknor,
M. P. for East Grin-
stead, 1374.

' John ]jewknor,=f=Iaabel, da. of Su"
Kiit.ofShi re,1449- | Rc^er Covert.

Jone, da. and heir,
mar. John Bartlott.

' Sir Roger Lewknor,:

Knight of the Shire,

of Sir John

4th Hen. IV (1404), ob.

Carew.ofFul-

10 Edw. IV. Inq. p. m.

ford.

13 Edw. rv.

Agnes, or Ann,

Sir John Lewknor, Sir Thomas Lewknor,-

of Goring, Knight of the M.P. for Lewes, 1468;

Shire, 1450; Sheriff, 29 Knight of the Shh%;

Henry VI; M.P. for iet. 19, I3th Hen. IV.

Horsham, 1459. Pro- Inq. p. m. 31 Hen, VI.
claimed after Timksbury,
27th April, 1471. (Rym.
F(ed.n. p. 710.) ^f

(See p. 95.)

QUARTERINGS.

I
S Philippa, da. and
heir, widow of Sir
Richard Barnes,
Knt., of West
Ilorsley, Surrey;
who oh. 5 Hen, V.

PEDIGEEE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

Roger de Bodyanij
temp. Hen. II.

Henry de Bodyam. =r=

Henry Wardeuxy William =^
1278, ob. 1315. de Bodyam.

Inert

GUI
de
Bodyam.

Sir Nicholas Riehard ^Margaret de
Wardeux. Wardeux,
(1343.)

Bodyam,
da. and heir.

Dafynffmdge,
of Hampshh^.

Sir John Dalyngrudge ^

Sir John Dalyngrudge^Joan, da. and heir of

Walter de La Lind.

Elizabeth =p
Wardeux,
da. and heir.

^ Sir Edward Dalyngrudge,
Founder of Bodyam Castle,
(1386).

^ Roger Dalyngrudge,
Sheriff of Sussex, (1353).
t

^ Sir John Dalyngrudge, = Alice, widow of
ob. S. P. John^ Baron Boteler,

and da. and heir of

Sir John Beauchamp,

of Powick.

8 Margaret,
married
Sir Thomas Sackville.

PEDIGREE OP THE LEWKNOR PAMILY.

Sir Ralph ok Camots,

ob. 43 Hen. III.
Inq. p. m. 48 Hen. III.

Ascelina, da. and heir of

Richard Torpell, of
Broadwater, co. Sussex.

Ralph, Lord Camoys, =
Baron of Broadwater,
act. 40 on death oi his feither.
Summoned to Pari. 49 H. Ill,
ob. 5 Edw. I. Rot. Claus. 49
H. III. Inq. p. m. 5 Edw. I.

John Lord Camoys,
aet. 30 on death of his &ther.
ob. ante 27 Edw. I. Com.
Pleas RoU, 13 H. IV.

I
Ralph, Lord Camoys,

had a market at

Broadwater, 6 Edw. II.

Sum* to ParL 7 E. II to 9

Edw. III. Com. Pleas RoU,

13 Hen. IV, Close Rolls, 7

Edw. II. to 13 Edw. III.

Margaret, da. and heir

of Sir John de
Gatesdon. Inq. p. m.
4 Edw. II.

Margaret de
Baraosa (Braose ?) Richard Folyott

Thomas, Lord Camoys, ^ Margaret Sir John Camoys, =7= Margaret,
ob. 46Ed.IIL Com. Pleas " ' ' '

RoIL Inq. p. m. 46 Ed. Ill

Ralph Camoys
Heir app. ob. v. p.

2d son.

da. and
co-heir.

Margery, mar.
Hugh Hastings.

William Louches =p
of Milton. I

Elizabeth,
mar. Edw.
Courtney,
Earl of
Devon.

Thomas, Lord Camoys=j=Elizabeth, da. and
K. G., summoned to - - -

Pari, from 7 Rich. II.
ob. 9 Hen. V.

^ — , — —

heir (Lady Elizabeth
Mortimer).

Sir Rich* Camoys,
^ Knight, heir
app. ob. v. p.

Joane, da.
of Thomas
Poynings.

Alicia, mar.
Leonard Hastings.

Hugh, Lord Camoys,

ob. S. P. a minor,

4 Hen, VI.

Margaret, mar.
Ralph Radmylde.

t
(See Nicholas Lewknor,

post, p. 101.)

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

. LoucheSf -j-
of Milton.

Sir Thomas Lewknor^
M. P. for Lewes, 1468;
Knight of the Shire;
set. 19, 13 Henry IV.
Inq. p. m. Henry VI.
(See ante, p. 92.)

Sir Rich? Louches,
of Milton, Knt.

Ellen, d. and
heir of Sir
William
Wace, Knt.

* Walter
Lewknor.

John Louches, =p

of Milton.

--■■ Joane,
da. of
Walter
Culpeper,

Bedgbery,

Kent.

=Phillippa, da. and co-heir
of Sir Edward Dalyn-
grudge, and widow of Sir
Richard Barnes, Knt.

(See p. 100.)

^Nicholas =iF Elizabeth, or Isa-
Lewknor, bdla, da. of Ralph
of Radmylde, by Mar-

Kingston- garet, da. & co-heir
by-Sea, ofRichardCamoys.
otherwise She was co-heir of
Kingston her 'Sefhew, Sir
Bowey. William Radmylde,
(See Camoys, on
other side.) The d-
der da. Constance,
married John Gor-
ing,andthe Csmoyt
Peerage is in her
\[/dMcendant.
(See p. 101.)

da.

A
mar.
to
. .Wroth.

I
Elizabeth,

mar.

Thomas

Kempe.

Jane,

mar.
Thomas

Goode,

of
Hadley.

I
Joane, wife of

Henry or

Thomas Frowick,

of the Fold,

Hertfordshire.

(Chauncy,

pp. 461-3.)

Alice,

married

John Pdham.

Alionora, da. and co-heir ^
of Richard, Baron
Camoys ; 1st wife :
. . Sept. 1445 ; ob.
14 Oct. 18 Edw. IV.

(See

Sir Roger Lewknor, =lsabell,
of Dedishwi, in Slinfold ; da. of
restored in blood, 1477 ; Sir Roger
Sheriff, 18 Hen. VI, and Echingham,
8 Ed. IV ; ob. 38 Ed.IV. 2d wife,
p. 96.)

3 Sir John Lewkenor,

killed at Tewkesbury,

2 Edw. IV,

1471,

and bu. there.

'Thomas Lewknor, nFElizabeth,
of Preston, in Binderton, I da. of
Sheriff, 14 Edw. FV. Lord of ... Goring.
Goring; ob. 8 Henry VIL |

I
Frances, living 2

Hen. VIII, 1511;

ob. S. P.

John

Lewknor,

ob. S. P.

]

Elizabeth,

mar. to

Humfrey Sidney.

* Richard Lewknor, of Brambletye ;
M. P. for Horsham, 1459 ;
„ Shoreham, 1468 ;

East Grinstead, 1473 & 1478 ;
Sheriff, 10 Edw. IV. & 6 & 11 Hen. VII.
ob. S. P.

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

^Sir Roger Lewknor,:
of Dedisham, in Slinfold ;
restored in blood, 1477 ;
ob. 38 Edw. IV.
(See ante, p. 95.)

=Alionora, da. and co-heir
of Richard, Baron Camoys ;
Ist wife: .. Sept. 1445;
ob. 14 Oct. 18 Edw. IV.

,^Catherine, da. of Sir
John Pdham, Knt.,
and Widow of John
Bramshot.

I I

William Lewknor,

S.P.
George Lewknor,

S.P.

Sir Thomas Lewkenor,:
of Trotton, act. 34 in 29th
Ed. IV; attainted 1 Rich. Ill;
ob. on the Feast of St. Mar-
garet theVirgin, 2 Rich. Ill;
attainder reversed 1 H. VII.

Elizabeth, da. ofnFSir Roger Lewkenor, =7= Eleanor, da. = Elizabeth,

I I

Reginold Lewknor,

S.P.
Roger Lewknor?

S.P.

Knt. Sheriff 1532;
obtained the castle
and demesnes of Bo-
diam, 1543. Will
proved 13 Ap. 1543.

of George,

Lord

Audley,

Ist wife.

da. of .
Hussey,

wo. of . .
2d wife,
ob. S. P.

Catherine mar.
Richard Knatch-
bull, temp. Hen.
VII. (Eng.Bart.
ed. 1741, vol. ii,
p. 229.)

Thomas MeflfiEuit,

3d wife; she

re-married Sir Rich.

Lewknor, of

Trotton.

(Sec post, p. 100.)

John Mylle=j^Katherine^Wynd- 'Mabel, mar. Thomas=*Con8tance=N.B. Edward

ham Anthony Stape- Foster, bom after Glemham, of
Morgan ley,ofFramfidd; ofWor- 12th Jan.
2d ob. leaving a son cester, 1542.
hus- not baptized, and 1st hus-
band, he ob. an infant, band,
in his father's lifetime.

of Great-
ham, 1st
husband.

SirH.Kni-

yettwas38

H. VIII,

appointed

to the
wardship.

Lewknor =Cecilia, MaryMylle. Elizabeth =p Henry

Mylle, off da. of
Camoys John
Court, in Crooke

Wod- of South-

heeding ampton.
and New-
ton Berry,
Hants, ^ed.

See Visit, co. Southampton, 1622,
No.91, andl686, No.94.)

Morgan.

Bosville.

Chichester, 2d
husband. (See
Battel Abbey
Rec. p. 146.)
Living 1588,
but Ms name
is not men-
tioned in the

Camoys'
Peerage case.

Sir Ralph Bosville.

and co-heir.

Sir Arthur Pole,=fiJane,eldestda.=j=Sir Christophei=pSir William Barentyne,

3d husband; on death
of Sir R. L., took Hor-
sted Keynes, &c. Settle-
ment on marriage dated
1st Aug. 24 Hen. VIII.

Knt.
2d husband.

Pickering, Knt.
1st husband.

Henry

Pole,

ob.

S.P.

I
Mary

Pole,

mar.

John

Stanne.

Margaret

Ann Pickering, Sir Drew= Anne,

Pole,

married Baren- da.

ob. un-

1st, to Frauds Weston, tyne, of of . . .

married.

son and heir of Sir Plump- Grev.

Rich. Weston, Knt. ton, co.

Under Treasurer of Sussex.

England.

2d, Sir Hen. Knivett, of Choriton.

3d, John Vaughan, of Kirkhowell.

PEDIGREE OP THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

Sir Roger Lewknor,=TpMary, da. of

Knight,
of West Dean.

Reginald West,
Lord Delawarr.

Ill I I

Margaret Lewknor. Richard =p. . . da. of Edward
Mary Lewknor. Lewknor,
Amye Lewknor. of

Sherfield.

(See p. 98.)

Mychell- Lewknor.
grove. S. P.

^Edmond Lewknor,=f=Jane, da. of

of Fyning.

. .Tirrell.

1 Roger ^William ^George
Lewknor. Lewknor. Lewknor.

Bridget, da. of=T= . . Thomas Lewknor . . =

. . . Lewes,
1st wife.

had lease of the Bishop's
Estate in Selsea, 1578 ;
M.P.for Midhurst, 1586,
1588. — Cited by the
Bishop, and examined as
a suspected Papist, 24th
March, 1576. (Strype's
Annals, vol. ii, pt. ii, pp.
22, 116.)

Ann, da. of
. . . HiU,
2d wife.

Edmond
Lewknor.

Sir Lewis Lewknor,.
Knight of Selsea ;
M. P. for Midhurst,
1597; appointed, 11
Nov. 1605, Master
of Ceremonies to
Ambassadors.

Richard:
Lewknor,

of
Amberley.

Edmond Richard Lewknor, ^

Lewknor. of West Dean, Chief

Justice of Wales ; a

Commissioner for

taking an Inventory

of Bishop CurteiB'

goods, 1585

(Strype'sAnnals,voL
iii, pt. i, p. 482.)

(See p. 99.)

Thomas
Lewknor.

John
Lewknor.

Fraye Lewknor,

ob. 1617.

Amberley

Richard
Lewknor,
ob. 1629.

John =^
Lewknor.

Thomas Lewknor,

1614;

ob. S.P.

Bridget Lewknor,

mar. John Knight.

ley, of Offchurch,

CO. Warwick ;

created a Baronet

by Charles I,

Thomas
Lewknor,
bo. 1658.

III.

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

Richard Lewknor,=p. da. of

of Sherfield.
(See ante, p. 97.)

Richard Lewknor^^Joane,

da. of
Richard
MaskalL

Mychellgrove.

Roger John John

Lewknor, Lewknor, Lewknor,
ob. S. P. ob. S. P. Jun.

I
Bennetta married,

1. Wm. Barnes,

2. Thos. Twisden,

3. Vincent Finch. '
(English Barts.
Ed.l741,voLi,
p. 212.)

Lvn..=.

Richard Lewknor,= Jane, da. of
of Bncksted, . . . Forster,
Kent; of

ob. S.P. Northfleet.

Bennett,^
da. of

Challoner,
of Lind-

fidd,
1st wife.

■ Thomas =
Lewknor.

Joane,da.
of ... .
Wheeler,
2d wife.

Elizabeth
Lewknor.

Ann
Lewknor.

Thomas Lewknor,
of Worcestershire.

Jane Lewknor, married

Anthony Sheldon,

of Broadway,

Worcestershire.

She was his widow,

23 Elizabeth, 1581.

(See Nash's Worcestershire,

Yol.i, p. 145.)

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKKOR FAMILY.

IS Lewkr

Sir lUchiiril Lewknor,=
Serjeant tt La.w, Chief
Justice of Chester, Re-
corder of Chichester,
1597, M. P. for CM-
cheater; ob. 6th April,

1616,

t. 76.

^Elenor, da. of
Christopher
Broome, of
Belton, Oxon.

99 ^M

"I \ ~1

^ar^Bjet 'Tho- 'Christopher Lewtnor,"
mar. maa Knt., Recorder of Chi-
John Lewk- cheater; M.P.for Mid-
Austen, nor, hnrst, 1628 ; M.P. for
of Shal- Chichester, 1640- I ;

fford, declared guilty of Irea-

Surrey. son to the Common-

wealth, and lands or-
dered to be sold, IGth
Julv, I65I. (ScobeU's
Acts, 156.)

da.(k
May, of

>Ehia- «Anthony=pSus
beth Lewk-

I ,

Ricbard Lewknor,
of Preston, in Bin- eldest da. and ci
derton; M.P. for heir.

Midhurst, 1620;
Knt.ot Shire, 1628;
ob.27lhMay,1635,
ret. 46, S. P.

Elizabelh^Edward

'Richard Lewknor, T=Mary, da. of

of West Dean; Thomaa Bennett,
ob. 9tb March, 1602, Aid. of Uudon.
«t.34.

George Mjniie, of
Abisbam, Surrey.
She re-manied Sir
Wm. Morley, of
Ilalnaker, and ob.
lus widow 5th June,
1704, act. 70.

of = Jane ....

Wert Dean ; (who eloped, and an

M. P. for Midhurst, Act was passed, 2 Wm.

1661 and 1681 to 1705 ; & Mary, to illegitimate

Knt. of the Shire, 1 679 ; any child she had then

bom 24th April, 1659; had or should have

ob. 19tliFBh.I706, S.P. during her elopement.)

100

PEDIGREE OP THE LEWKNOR PAMILY.

* Walter Lewkiior.?Joaiie, da. of

Walter

Culpeper,

of Bedgbery»

(See ante, p. 95.)

ichard^^ane, da.
of John
Maynard,
of Essex.

Ric
Lewknor.

Roger
Lewknor,
ob. S. P.

.... da. of '
. . . Arden.

Humfirey Lewknor ^ Agnes, or Anne,

.Han,
Wore.

T— Agnes
da. of
ofWoi

Katherin.
Margaret.

Elizabeth

Fitz-
herbert,
2d wife.

I > I

^ Robert =t= Mary, Roger. Mary.

Richard Lewknor,^Elizabeth, da. of

WiUiam,
Edward,
Vance.

^ewk-

Base-

nor.

da. of

Edw.

Poynings.

lichard,

Richard, Mary, mar.
ob. S. P. . . Norton.

Willii

William
Lewknor.

ofTrotton. In right
of his wife, took pos-
sessbnof Selmeston.
Inq. taken at Lewes,
2Ist Jan. 37 Hen.
VIII.

Thomas Meffant,
and widow of Sir
Roger Lewknor,
of Dedisham.

(See ante, p. 96.)

Robert
Lewknor.
Humphrey
Lewknor.

^S.P.

Elizabeth,
married
Thomas
Lovelace,
of Kent.

nrr

Jane.
Elizabeth.
Katherin.
Amye.

lEdmond Lewknoi^FAnne, Base-
da. of
Sir Anthony
Browne, Knt.

Herbert
of Loverhill,
Trotton.

i:;*::^

2Tho]

lomas.
'Henry.
^Anthony.
'Richard.

*George
ob. S.P.

= Prances
Ap Rhese.

:Mary, da. of
William Ponts,
of Reigate, co.
Surrey.

— \ —

Anthony,
a soldier

in the

Low
Countries;
there died,

S.P.

.... mar.

William

Thomlinson

Clarke.

Constance.

Edmond Lewknor,=j=Sarah, da. of

of Denton, Henry

CO. Sussex, 1634. Richardson,

of CO.

Cumberland.

William,"]
John, V S. P.
5ert,J

Herbert,

Anne, mar.
William
Barham,

of
Mayfield.

Elizabeth,

mar.

Cuthbert

Cotton,

of
London.

Susan Lewknor.

**• •

• ••
-* • •
"* - - •

• • «

• «

• •

• • •-

• • •

PEDIGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FABtllt:

• • •

<* •_ • «

'^ ^ mm

Robert Hdkamy
1st
husband.

Thomas Radmyldey =j= Joane, da.

and hdr.

' Jane '•
Camoys.

Robert
TregoZf

2d
husband.

Robert Tregoz.

Agnes, = Ralph ^ Margaret, da.

2d
wife.

Radmylde :

wiU

proved

1483.

^Nichokis Lewknor,:^' Elizabeth,

or Isabella,
co-heir of

and co-heir of

Sir Richard

Camoys.

(See ante, p. 94.)

of Kingston-by-Sea.
(See ante, p. 95.)

Ralph ^Jane.
Radmylde.

her nephew.

Sir William

Radmylde,

ob. S. P. (1499).

^Margaret,

mained

John Goring,

fi:om whom tibe.

present

Lord CamoyM

descends.

Margarett,

da. of . . .

Ist wife.

Edward =p Anne, da. of
Lewknor,

Thomas
Lewknor.

John

ob.
14 Hen. VIII :\J/
will proved at

Lambeth,
31 Oct. 1522.

2d wife:

re-married

Sir Edmond

Edlingham.

Lewknor,

parson of

Broadwater,

12Hen.yiL

Jot]ie,mar.

1. Thomas Moore.

2. Jo. liaaa in g b erd a .

3. Thomas Thetdier?

^ Edward Lewknor,=
of Kingston-Bowey,
ob. 7 July, 1528 :
wiU proved at .

London,

7 Nov. 1528 :

died seised of Ham,

Parham, and

Hamsey.

-Margaret, da.
of . . . Copley.

SRidiard
Lewknor.

Eleanor
Lewknor.

Elizabeth
Lewknor.

liorocDy
Lewknor.

Edward Lewknor,=pDorothy, da. of 'Anthony

Sir Robert Wroth, Lewknor.
Knt. of Enfield.

of Kingston-Bowey ;

aet. 11 at death cf

hisfftther. Inq.p.m.

See p. 102.

Eleanor, mar.
... St. Barbe.
Mary, mar.
John Michdl.

Barbara, mar.

Sir John Dawtry,

Knt.

'103 * * ' ' • '**PEi)iGREE OF THE LEWKNOR FAMILY.

Edward Lewknor, =F Dorothy, da. of

of Kingston-Bowey, aet. 11,
at the death of bis feither,
Inq. p. m. Groom-porter to
Edw. VI ; died in Tower 25th
June, 1556. (Machines Diary,
p. 108 ; Strype's Eccl. Mem.
vol. iiL) Ail the 4 Sons and
6 Daughters restored in blood
by Act of Parliament, 1588.
(See ante, p. 101.)

Sir Robert Wroth,
Knt. of Enfield.

' Sir Edward Lewknor,==Susan, da. and ^Thomas = Judith,

of Kingston - Bowsey,
and Denham HaU, in
CO. Suffolk ; M. P. for
Shoreham, 1572; ob.
19th September, 1605.
(Funeral Verses on the
death of Sir Edward
Lewknor and Lady
Susan, his wife, with
Death's Apologie and a
Rcgoynder to the same,
were printed in 1606.)

co-heir of Tho. Lewknor. da. of

Higham, of ....

Higham HaU, Bui-

CO. Suffolk. man.

(The other
co-heir, Anne,
married Thos.
Clere, Esq.)

^Stephen
Lewknor,
ob. S. P.

^William
Lewknor,
ob. S. P.

^Jane ^Maria, mar.

mar. Matthew
IJohn Machell, of

Clark, Hackney.
2 John ^Elizabeth.
PascalL ^Anne.

^Dorothy, mar.

Sir Benjamin

Pellatt, of

Steyning,

Sussex.

'OLucrece, mar.
Wm. Jackson,
of London.

^Sir Edward=

Lewknor, of

Denham,

Knt.

ob. 1618;

wiU proved

15th May,

1618.

:Mary, da. of
Sir Henry
Neville, of

Pellingbere,

Berks; will
proved at
Norwich,

7 Oct. 1642.

2 Susan,
mar.
Thos.

Steward,
of

Barton,

CO.

Suffolk.

71
^Martha,

mar.
to Thos.
Goumey,
son and

heir of

Henry
Goumey,
of EUing.

ham,
Norfolk.

^Elizabeth

Lewknor.

^Sarah

mar. to

Thomas

Steward,

of Barton

MiUs.

•Dorothy,
mar.
Robert
Castell,
of East
Hatley,

and Castle
HaU,
Cam-
bridge,

&ob.S.P.

J^Ainie, ^Hester,

mar. mar.

Godfrey Sir Robert

Rodes, Quarles,

of
Great
Hough-
ton,
Yorkshire.

of
Romford.

I I

Henry Edward =
Lewk- Lewknor,

nor,

bap.

4 May,

1612;

bu.

25July,

1616.

bap. 17

Feb. 1613,

ob.

1634.

^Elizabeth,
da. of Sir
WiUiam
RusseU;
re-mar.
to John
Gauden,
Bishop of
Wor-
cester.

Anne,

mar.

Sir

Thomas

Le
Strange,
of Hun-
stanton,

Bart,
ancestor
of Styles

fnan.

La-
therine,

mar.
James

Cal-

I
Mary;

ob.

un-mar.

26th

;u:Ro

^SirRobert=pMary, da.

thorpe, January,

of East 1678.
Bar-
sham,
Esq.

ancestor
of Sir

Jacob

Astley,

Lewknor,
ofAcrivin,
CO. Kent.

and heir of

Alexander

Hamond,

of Acres,

CO. Kent.

Hamond Lewknor.

Mary, only child and heir; mar.
Sir Horatio Townsend, Bart.,
afterwards Lord Tcwmend: she
ob. S. P., and bu. at East Rayn-
ham, NoifoUc, 22d May, 1673.

SILVER CLOCK OF KING CHARLES THE FIRST.
BY WILLIAM TOWNLEY MITFOSD, ESQ.

The silver bedside clock given by King Charles I to Mr.
(afterwards Sir Thomas) Herbert, aa he was going to the place
of execution at Whitehall, on January 30, 1649, came into
possession of my family by intermarriage with the Herberts,
about a centmy ago. Since that time it has remained in our
possession. Thomas Herbert, a kinsman of the Earls of
Pcnibrolce, was one of the early travellers in the East Indies,

104

SILVER CLOCK OP

his account of which has been published, and in later life ^
of Parliamentarian politics during the civil war, until he was
appointed as a personal attendant upon the king, when he was
won over by nearer acquaintance, and became sincerely
attached to him until the end. It has been said that the MS.
of 'Icon Baailike' was delivered to him, but that is very
doubtful. He died March 1, 1681, aged 70.

Parts of the interior mechanism of the clock were unfortu-
nately modernised about fifty years ago, and the original catgut
spring replaced by a metal one, but tlie outer case of fine
perforated work, inclosing two silver bells, on which the hours
and quarters arc struck, remains unaltered. "Edward East,
London," is engraven inside ; his name is among those of the
ten Assistants of the Clockniaker's Company, on its first i
incorporation in 1631 ; and he is mentioned as the king's
watchmaker, living in Fleet Street, in the following extracts.

The woodcut of the back of the clock is two-thirds of the I
real size ; the other woodcuts represent the exact size of this 1
beautiful relic of historical interest. Its previous history will 1
be best explained by the following extracts from 'Memoirs g^j
the hoo last years of the Reign of that unparcdleU'd Prince, of I
ever blessed meinQry, King Charles I, by Sir Thomas Herhert—^ f
London, 1702.'

Page 91. — " The king being desirous to know the matter,
he before break of day rang his silver bell, which, with both
his watches, were usually laid upon a stool near the wax
lamp, that was set near them in a large silver basin."

Page 101. — "One night, as the king was preparing to go
to bed, as his custom was, he wound up botli his t

KING CHARLES THE FIRST.

one being gold, the other silver, he miss'd his diamond seal,
a table that had the king's arms cut with great cmiosity, and
fist to the watch."

Page 103. — "Another night hia majesty appointed Mr.
Herbert to come into hia bedchamber an hour earher than
usual in the morning ; but it so happened that he overslept
his time, and awaken'd not uutOl the king's silver bell
hastened him in. ' Herbert,' said the king, ' you have not
observ'd the command I gave last night." He acknowledged
his fault. ' Well,' said the king, ' I wiU order you for the
future ; you shall have a gold alarm watch, which, as there
may be cause, shaU awake you ; write to the Earl of Pem-
broke to send me such a one presently.' The Earl imme-
diately sent to Mr. East, his watchmaker, in Fleet-street,
about it ; of which more wUl be said at his Majesty's coming
to St. James's."

^o^e 120. — "Mr. Herbert about
this time going to the cockpit near
Whitehall, where the Earl of Pem-
broke's lodgings were, he then, as at
sundry other times, enquired how
his Majesty did, and gave his humble
duty to him, and withall ask'd him if
his Majesty had the gold watch he
sent for, and how he bked it. Mr.
Herbert assitred hia lordship the king I
had not received it. The earl fell
presently into a passion, marvelling j
thereat ; being the more troubled, lest
his Majesty should think him careless
in observing his commands, and told
Mr. Herbert, at the king's coming to
St. James's, as he was sitting under
the great elm tree, near Sir Benjamin
Ruddier's lodge in the park, seeing \
a considerable military officer of the
tmny pass towards St. Jamea'a, he
went to meet him, and demanding
of him if he knew his cousin, Tom
Herbert, that waited on the king ?

■

106 SILVER CLOCK OF

Tlie officer said, he did, aiid was going to St. James's. The
carl tlie:i dcliver'd to^him the gold wateli that had the alarm,
desh-iiig 'him to give it to Mr. Herbert, to present it to the
king. The oflBcer promised the earl he would immediately do
it. ' My lord,' said Mr. Herbert, ' I have sundry times seen
and pass'd by that officer since, and do assure your lordship he
hath not deliver'd it me according to your order and his
promise, nor said anything to me concerning it ; nor has the
king it, I am certain. The earl was very angry, and gave the
officer his due character, and threatened to questio:i hSn. Bat
such was the severity of the times, that it was then judged
dangerous to reflect upon such a person,' being a favourite of
the time, so as no notice was taken of it. Nevertheless,
Mr. Herbert (at the earl's desire) acquainted his Majesty
therewith, who gave the earl his thanks, and said, ' Ah, had
he not told the officer it was for me, it would probably have
been dehvered ; he well knew how short a time I could enjoy
it.' This relation is in prosecution of what is formerly men-
tion'd, concerning the clock or alarai-watch his Majesty
intended to dispose of as is declared."

Page 131. — "He" (the king) "commanded Mr. Herbert
to give his gold watch to the Dutchess of Tlichmond ; all
which, as opportunity served, Mr. Herbert delivered." j

Fage 132. — " Colonel Hacker then knock'd easily at the |
king's chamber-door" (on the morning of Jan. 30). "Mr.
Herbert being within, would not stir to ask who it was ; but
knocking the second time a httle louder, the king bade him go
to the door. He guessed his busmess. So Mr. Herbert
demanding wherefore he knocked, the colonel said, he would
speak with the king. The king said, ' Let him come in.'
The colonel, in trembling manner, came near, and told
his majesty it was time to go to Whitehall, where he might
have some farther time to rest. The king bade him go forth,
he would come presently. Some time his majesty was private,
and afterwards taking the good bishop by the hand, looking
upon him with a chearful countenance, he said, ' Come, let us
go ;' and, bidding Mr. Herbert take with him the silver

> Whether this person, who lnleree))ted the king's intenited present of a gold watch,
was Colonel Joyce, nr some other equally honal Roondhead officer, muat be Idl to
conjecture.

KING CHARLES THE FIRST.

clock that hung by the bed-aide, said, 'Open the door; Hacker
has given us a second warning.' Through the garden the
king passed into the park, where, making a stand, he asked
Mr. Herbert the hour of the day ; and taking the clock into
his hand, gave it to him, and bade him keep it in memory
of him, which Mr. Herbert keeps accordingly. '

1U7 ^M

NOTES ON THE WILLS

CONSISTORY COURTS OF LEWES AND CHICHESTEfl
BY MR. MARK ANTONY LOWER.

Sir Harris Nicolas, in the preface of his 'Testamenta
Vetiista,' observes, that " of all species of endence, whether
of the kindred or of the possessions of individuals, perhaps the
most satisfactory is afforded by their wills ; and in many cases
these interesting documents exhibit traits of character which
are more valuable, because more certain, than can possibly be
deduced from the actions of their lives." After some philo-
sophical remarks in proof of this assertion, he adds, " But it is
to the antiquary— to him who seeks for information on the
habits and manners of his ancestors— from sources unpolluted
by the erroneous constructions or misrepresentations of others,
and who (setting aside the theories of a favourite writer on
past times) judges from evidence alone, that early wills are of
the greatest importance. Where, but in such instruments,
can we possibly obtain an accurate knowledge of the articles
which constituted the furniture of the houses, or the wearing
apparel of persons who Mved several centimes ago P or in what
other record can so satisfactory an account of the property of
an individual be discovered as in that in which he bequeaths
it to his cMld or to his friend?" The archEeoIogist who has
paid the shghtest attention to these valuable records will need
no confirmation of these observations.

All are aware that the principal depositary of wills is in the
Prerogative Court of Canterbury at Doctors' Commons. It
is there that the testaments of the greater portion of the noble
and gentle families of the province are deposited ; still there
are in the various episcopal and archidiaconal courts many
early wills of gi-eat antiquarian interest. In the connty of

NOTES ON WILLS, ETC.

Sussex there are three registries, viz. that of the Archdeaconry
of Chichester, at Chichester, that of the Archdeaconry of
Lewes, at Lewes, and that of the Peculiars of the Archbishop,
also kept at the latter towii. By way of calling the attention
of our Society to this branch of archaeological research, 1 in-
tend in this paper to note down a few remarks residting from
occasional perusals of the wills preserved in the registries
alluded to.

The earliest will I have met with in the Lewes registry ia
dated 1528. At Chichester, the wills are of about the same
date. Those of the Peculiars commence in the reign of
Elizabeth.

The principal utihty of these documents is the light which
they cast upon family history. As I have already stated, the
wills of the more eminent families are principally to be found
at Doctors' Commons ; still many of those made by the gentry
of bygone times exist in the local depositaries ; while almost
the entire material for the pedigrees of that interesting class,
the old yeomanry of Sussex, is to be foimd in them. By the
authentic hght of these memorials, the published pedigrees of
county families may be carried a few descents higher, as well
as greatly amphfled in the collateral branches. And it is
highly curious to trace, on the one hand, how the gradual rise
or decMne of a family has taken place, from yeomanhood to
gentry, from gentry, it may be, through a successive de-
cadence, to the very verge of pauperism. On the other hand,
it is no less remarkable to observe how steadily the fortunes
of some famihes have held on " the even tenour of their way,'
through the long period of three centimes. In the year 1634,
for example, WilHam Ade, of Radmyll, bequeaths to his vrife
and children property of a description which proves that he
was an agricultiurist, holding a little estate of his own and
occupying more, which ever since has been the social position
of his descendants, thrifty and weU-to-do members of the com-
monwealth — "their coimtry's pride;" — and if the said Thomas,
in his goodwill, could contribute towards the making of a
" northe doore in the parische churche of Eadmell a quarter of
barley," he has lineal descendants — among whom may be
reckoned our valued member and contributor, Mr. Charles
Ade — ^who would be, and arc, equally forward in promoting

109 ^H

iconry ^H

try ■

ishop, ^H

110 NOTES ON WILLS, ETC.

any object for the common good. Here I would Eidd, paren-
thetically, that Master Ade's wishes about a "northe doore"
for his parish church were realised — the stone casing of it re-
mains, though the aperture has long been closed. Why, I wiQ
not undertake to say : I have often wondered how it is that
we find so many instances of the blocking-up of northern doors
in our Sussex churches. But, to return, the investigation of
wills often suppHes us with information regarding the dedica-
tion of churches and the details of their arrangements, such aa
chapels, altars, &c., not elsewhere ascertainable. Thus William
Tyttelton, vicar of Chiddingly in 1559, directs his body to be
buried " in the chauncell, at the north syde, under the sepulcre."
Now, so far as I am aware, this is the only kind of proof of
this church having had its "sepulchre," or recess, so common
in oiu- larger churches, for the enactment of the scene of the
Resurrection at Easter ; for the chancel has been so modernised .
as to leave no traces of it, ■

The prebend of Woodbome in Chichester cathedral, now I
held by our member, the Rev. Dr. Holland, formerly sustained '
the singular appendage of a chapel in the churchyard of
Arlington. At the south-west comer of that cemetery there
existed, within memory, some slight remains of this building ;
but the only documentary evidence I have met with concern-
ing it occurs in a wOl. In 1563 Elizabeth Fynnes (Fiennes),
of Arlington, widow, bequeaths her body to burial, " in Erlyng-
ton chyrche, or in the chappeU within the sayd cbyrcheyarde."

Benefactions to the parish church of the testator occur in
almost every early will. They usually consist of small sums,
without any specific du-ection as to their appropriation. Some-
times, however, the object of the gift is distinctly stated. Thus,
in 1543, Thomas Standen, of Ticehurat, gives "to the selyng
or gylding of the myddell roff over the body of the said church
of Tysherst x marks, to be made within iiij yers next after my
decease, on the condycion that the parishons there, or sum
other weU-dysposyd people, wyll goo further in the same."
" Item (he adds) 1 bequeth to the purchasing of a fayre, to be
kept at Tysherst grene or strett, v marks, and if the parishens
do not obteync their piu^ose in purchasing the said fayre,
then I wyll that (the) v marks shall goo to the necessary re-
paracons of the said church." Perhaps some member who is

NOTES ON WILLS, ETC. Ill

acqaainted with the building may be enabled fttini this extract
to ascertain whether the testator's wish was carried out.
Standen appears to have been a substautial yeoman, for in
addition to a legacy for the reparation of " the most noysum
and fowle wayes within the said paryshe of Tysherst, whereas
most nede shalbe sene by the discrecyon of the honesty of the -
pariahc," he bequeaths " mito an honest priest callyd S^
Richard Atkinson v", to syng for my sawle, my wyffe's sawle,
and all Cristen sawles, the space of iij quarters of a yore, that
is to say, xsxiij' iiij* a quarter, and to synge now the said iij
quarters forthe, and from hence forth without seasyng."

These incidental notices often supply the names of the
parochial incumbent at the date of the will ; a matter of some
interest to the topographer. Before the Reformation, parish
priests are almost uniformly honoured with the style of " Sir,"
a designation which will call to mind several Shaksperean
characters.

The images and other objects of devotion in the unreformed
church are frequently mentioned in wiUs. William Alewyn,
of Westdean, near Chichester, by his wiU, dated 1525, directs
his body " to be buryed in the chauncell of Saynct Andrewe,
of Westden," and gives " to the silver crosse of Westden xxf,
and to every light beyng in the chirche of Sancte Andrew half
a quarter of barly." John Jeffraye, of Rippe, in 1558, be-
queaths his body to be buried " within the paryshe churche
of Rype, before the Image of our Lady of pitye." I may re-
mark, that this term " our Lady of pity," in Latin, " Mater
Dolorosa," was applied to all those images of the Virgin in
which she was represented with our Saviour on her knee, as
he was taken from the cross — a very melancholy aspect.'
Anthony Sentleger esquyer, m 1639, desires interment in the
church of Slyndon, "before the ptct'- of our Lady!' William
Jefferay, of Chiddingly, inl543 orders his grave to be made "in
the church of Chetyngligh, in the middyll passe before the roode
(or crucifix) at my father's fett." He also wills to have " a
taper of iiij pownds of wax to bume before the scpulker
[already referred to as existing in this church in the will of
Tyttelton, the vicar], the space of vij yers," In 1 542, Greorge
Coulpeper, of Balcombe, Gent., directs liia body to be buried

' Gent. Mag.pOct.lBSC.

NOTES ON WILLS, ETC.

ill the parish church there, " before the alter or memoriale o
ourLadi/." Oblations to the shrine of St. Richard of Chicheste
— so ably illustrated bj our Honorary Secretary — are of verj
frequent occurrence.

The provision made for the " helthe" of the testator's
" sowle" varies with the means he possessed. Sometimes the
aid of a single priest at the " burying," " month's mind," and
" year's mind," was all that was directed ; at other times, four,
six, or even twenty, priests are ordered to attend the exequies.
John at More, of More House, in Wivelsfield, by his will, dated
1542, dii'ects xx priests to attend his burial, to sing dirges
and masses for his soul, and to have vi* each for their trouble.
Nicholas Apsley, of Pidborough, Gent., in 1546, bequeaths
" unto XX prysts to singe masse at his bmying x', and unto
other XX prysts to singe masse at his monthes mynde x^
Edward Wheatley, of Pevensey, a wealthy yeoman, in 1545
directs that " Robert Crossebyll, priest, shall synge for the i
helth of his soxde and all Christen (souls), in the church of ]
St. Nicolas of Pevensey, one hole yeare, and have for his labor
x''." A still wealthier person, of the same class, Richard
Burre, " ffarmer of the parsonage of Sowntyng, called the
Temple, which I hold of the howse of Saynt Jonys," in 19 Hen.
Vin, wills that S' Robert Bechton, " my chaplen, syng ffor
my sowle by the space of xi yers," and further requires an
obit for his soul for eleven years in Sompting church — " at
that obbit to be spente in priests, clerks, ryngers, and pouer
people xiij' iv'' ;" annual sums of iij' iv" and ij' to be sent on
the occasion to the " gray fFryars of Chichester, to the blacke
ffryars of Chichester, to the ffryers of Arundel, and to the
firyers of the Sele." To the reparations of Reigate church he
gives the large sum of £6. \^s. 4(1. Humbler testators give at
their buryings and month's minds largesses of wheat, barley,
meat, bread, and " bere." Gefli-eye Holman, of Horsted
Keynes, in 1558, orders as a gift to the poor on these occa-
sions " one busshel of wheate in breade, and drinke to the
same, and c/iese or hering as the time shall forten" — a curious
illustration of olden manners.

Quitting for the present bequests of a religious nature, I
would observe that those which relate to the d^pos^ of pro-
perty are of great value. Landed estates are generally speci-

NOTES ON WILLS, ETC. 113

fied, and thus mucli liglit is thrown upon local history ; while
the manners of our ancestors are often iUuatrated by the
references made to personal efi'ects. I select a few instances.
Joane, widow of Thomas Culpeper, of Crawley, ' esquier,'
(temp, Henry VIII), gives to her " yongist son, John Fenuer,
a salt-seller, with a cover, and halff a dosen of the best sylver
sponys and a bede," and all her "wayns and carts, with such
other thyngs that appertenyth unto husbandry." She gives
also to her daughter Fenncr her " best beads of corroll gawdye
with gold," and to Elene, another daughter, "a Uttel cope
gilt," Thomas Shoyswell, of Shoyswell, in Etchingham, gives,
in 1580, to Dorothy his wife, "a standing cupp of sylver
parcell-guilt ; also ij chests, the one the chest that / made at
Sheff^ld—ihe other that standeth at the stayers hed, aud the
cubherd that standeth at my bede head ; also a gold ringe in-
graven, with a scale like unto a man's head." Somewhat
unnecessarily, according to our modern notions, he adds, that
she is to have " the use and weringe of her wedinge ringe
during her lief, and a ringe with blewe saffier." He further
gives her " the chamber in his howse called the Grene chamber,
and the chamber within the same, together with free ingress,
egresse, and regresse into and from the same by the ways,
droves, and stayers used and accustomed to the same [together
with wood for fuel], and the garret over the Greene chamber,
and free liberty to bake and brewe in the bakehouse and
brewehouse for her o^vne necessarie lae, and to drye her clothes
uppon the hedges and bushes about his mannor-house of
Shoyswell ; and sufficient rome, pasture, and haye for ij geldings
in the stables and grounds nere adioyning the said mannor-
house." John Mascall, of Sherington, in Selmeston, in 31 Eliz.,
gives his eldest son Walter all his " brewinge vessells, and all
other old standerds and ntensQls of the house, all his books,
and £100." John Bolney, of Bolney, " esquyer," in 1B51,
after ordering his burial in the " chaunceU of Bolney churche,
imder the cofer (aumbry?), on the north syde thereof, gives
inter alia " to Mr. John Covert, esquyer, ij payre of almond
synetts and sphnts thereto, with a bowe and a slieafe of arrowes
and a byll." Nicholas Stone, of the chappelbye of Uckfelde,
in 10 Ehz., gives to Thomas Stone, his brother, his " best cloke
and worst bowe, and all that belongethe theartoe ;" and to his
III. 8

114

KOTES ON WILLS, ETC.

brother John, his buckler. Thomas Culpeper, of Wibnington,
Esq., in 1602, gives to Sir Nicholas Parker, ofWillingdon, to
his cousin Anthony Culpeper, of Bedgbury, to all his " over-
living" brothers, and to his nephew, Culpeper, of TTokington,
" a ringe of gold value £3. 6*. 8d., witli this posey to bee
graven at the outside of the ringe, round about the knobh, viz,
' NON TE DESERvi 8ED PRESTO.' ' In bequeathing farming-stock,
the names of cattle are frequently specified. Thomas Ade, of
Kodmill, in 1556 gives hia son Richard "iiij oxen and a cowe,
Quyll, and Merywater, Chaylivy, and Sharpe, and the cowe that
hebowght." Christian Blaker, of Portslade, widow, in 1578,
gives her daughter, Anne Beard, of Rottingdean, her best russet
cassock; to another daughter, AliceFoggins, her second russet
cassock, her best worsted kertle, and a peticote ; and to a third
daughter, Barbara Avery, " a coverlet of blewe and red yame,"
&c. Among household furniture, " pewter dishes" and " brasse
pottes" are always conspicuous. I

In the will of William Wenham, of Laughton, 1563, is the !
following singular bequest : " To my cosen, Johan Hibden,
xl* to be delyvered to my syster, Johan Holden, toward the
heal^nge of her legged

The names of the witnesses to a will are sometimes sugges-
tive of interesting considerations. In the testament of John
Afyld, of Warbleton, 1543, the name of Richard Woodman,
the Protestant martyr, subsequently burnt at Lewes, appears
in juxtaposition with that of George Payrbanke, his persecutor,
the xmprincipled and apostatising priest of the parish.

The foregoing remarks may be regarded as prefatory to a
series of entire Wills and abstracts of Wills which I intend to
offer to the notice of the Society for publication, if desired, in
future volumes of the Collections. Not to extend the present
paper unduly, I shah confine myself to two wills, of the date
of 1 642, from the registry of the Archdeacon of Lewes.

No. I. (Abstract.)
" In the name of God, &c. I, Thomas Donet, of Bur-
WASSUE, &c. I give and bequeth my sail, &c,, and my body
to be buryed in the chiu'ch-yerdof St.bartholomew, in burwashe
aforcsayd. It. I give to the high aulter ther, for ray tythes
niid oblacions neclygently forgotten, \f. It. To the mother

NOTES ON WILLS, ETC.

115

church of Chichester, iiij''. Item, 1 gyve to the church of bur-
waahe, iij'. iiij''. to bye a legger, otherwise a great portwys, to
say matyus and evensong. It. I wyll have bestowyd at my
biuying, in masses and diriges and other charitable deds,
vf.viij''. Item, as mych at my moneth day in lyke wyse \'i'.viij''."
The bequest of a legacy for the purchase of a portent or
service-book for the parish chiu-ch, is curious ; but my principal
object in this will ia to show the farming stock of a consider-
able Sussex agriculturist upwards of three centuries ago.

" Item. I gyve to Rose my wyff the leasse of my farme of
broJcsmayle^ [with] viij kyne, ij oxen, andijmarys (mares), the
best that she can chuse. Item. I gyve to her all my whole
howsehold duryng her lyff [afterwards to her two daughters,
Agnes and Elizabeth]. Item. I gyve to Rose my wyff ij

towyeryngs, and ij twelmontyngs.
" To Jane, my wife s daughti

,er, ' an haffer of

age.

ij yerys

- To John, my son, ' all hys catell that he hath with
me, and a cow,' &c.

" To Wylliam, my son, a cow of v vera.

" - — — To Ilary Donet, my godson, a calf.

" To Thomas Donet, my godson, a calf.

" To Jelian Donet, an hafi'er of ij yers.

" Item. I W7U to Stephan,my son, an horse called marcocke . .
and a copeU of bullocks of ij yere.

" ■ — — ■ To Wyllm. Stylman, my godson, a copuU of twel-
montyngs.

" To Robert Donet, a calff.

" To WyUm. Donet, my son, a bay geldyng and a

mare called trouleppe.^

" — — To Jone Styman, a cowe." (Dated 22 Dec. 1542.)*

II.

" In the name of god, amen : the last day of September,
the yere of our lord god 1542, I, Nycholas Wohdsworthe,
chantry priest of Crawley, beyng hole of mynd and perfect

' ErookTuaile appears on ihe Ordiiai
of Burwash church.

■ This word, whatever it may mea
horses in Sussex.

' Lcwea Rcgistrj', IiIhit i, fol. h.

awey as a Iioitse three quarter of a
now HUTupted to Ttiii]}, a douuiioi

116 NOTES ON WILLS, ETC.

remembrans, make my testament in maner and form foloyng ;
fyrst I bequeth my sail to allmyghty god, om* lady st. mary,
and to all the company of hevyn, and my body to be buryed
on the sowth side of the steple in the chm'ch-yerd of Crawley.
Also I gyff and bequeth to the churche of crawley vi*. viij*^.
Item, to the mother church of Chychester iiij^. Item, to the
church of Slynfold v^ Item, to the churche of Ichyngfeld v*.
Item, I gyff and bequeth to S' wyll™ Knotton, curat of worth,
my large gown, my best doblet, and all the hangyngs in the
great chamber, all my boks, a chest, a tabull, a chayre, and
my quyltis (?), and a pay re of aundeyrens for a chymnay.
Item, to mr. vicar of Ifeld, my second gown ; to S' Re. of
Cappell (Capel, in Surrey ?) my third gown ; and to S' Henry
trowbeke my old gown. Item, I give to Olyver's children all
my bras and pewter, a lyttyll copbord, a coppe, a payre of
shets, ij shirts, and a trest (?). Item, to Ric' Copp' a pajrre
of shets. Item. To george Deacon a payre of shets. Item,
to Thomas Juster a coverlet. Item. I gyff to wyll'f, mr.
ffenner's son, a fetherbed and a bolster. Item, to Edward
ffenner a longesettle ; and to mris. ffenner a copbord. Item,
I gyff to my brother-in-law that dyd mary my syster a lyttyll
chalece, a vestment, and a superaltare,^ Item, I wyll my
howse shalbe sold which I did bye of Mr. Thomas Mychyll,
and iiij marks of the same monye [to go] to Mr. ffenner,
which I owe hym for my bord, and the rest thereof to be
devydyd betwyn my brothers. Item, to Hethe's wyff a payre
of shets and a coverlet. The rest of my goods I gyff to
Thomas Dawes, whom I make myn executor of this my last
will and testament. I wyll S'. wyll™. Knotton aforesaid and
Thomas Dawes to receyve and gather up all my debts, and
they to see them disposyd for my saule's helth, and all christen
sawles, accordyng to their discrecion, these beyng wytnesse,
S'. Wyll"*. Knotton, priest, Thomas Dawes, Harman's wydow,
goodwyff hethe, with others."^

® Superaltare, The ciborium, which hangs over an altar — ^the pyx in which the Eucharist
is kept — a portable altar, or an oscillatory.
^ Lewes Registry, liber i, fol. 3, recto.

EXTRACTS FROM

THE JOURNAL AND ACCOUNT-BOOK

TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ., BARRISTER-AT-LAW,

OF OCKENDEN HOUSE, CUCKFIELD, FROM THE YEAR 1683 TO 1714.

EDITED, VriTH KOTE8,

BY ROBERT WILLIS BLENCOWE, ESQ.

Having, through the kindness of my friend, the Rev. Mr.
Plucknett, been enabled to pubKsh extracts from the Journal
of a Sussex Clergyman, the Rev. Giles Moore, in the first
volume of the Sms, Arch. Collections, an opportunity has been
kindly offered by another neighbour, Mr. Bull, of Lindfield,
to lay before the pubhc a sequel to that work, in the following
extracts from the Journal of a Sussex gentleman, which, com-
mencing only six years later than that referred to, gives to
those who are interested in such inquiries an opportunity of
comparing wages and prices for a period of nearly sixty years,
and to those who are curious in such matters, it affords an
insight into the domestic habits and manners of another class
of men — those of the country gentleman of that time, a subject
which has acquired additional interest from the masterly
manner in which it has been lately treated by Mr. Macaulay,
though the truth and accuracy of his sketch has been some-
what angrily disputed.

The manuscript fi'om which the following extracts are taken
was kept by Mr. Burrell, a member of that family which has
long occupied an eminent position in this county. The family
of Burrell, which is a very ancient one, was originally settled
in Northumberland, where they remain to this day. One of
them, named Ralph, in the reign of Edward II, married
Sismonda, the daughter and heiress of Sir Walter Woodland,
of the county of Devon, and in consequence they settled in
that county. A younger son, a descendant of that branch of
the family, named Gerard, being bred to the church, became,
in 1446, archdeacon of Chichester, canon residentiary of that

118

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURKKLL, ESQ.

cathedi'al, and \'icar of Cuckficld, and through him the family i
was introduced into Sussex.

The author of tins Journal, Timothy, seventh son of Walter
Burrell, was born in 1043 ; he was educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge, was called to the bai', and practised in London :
tliis he gave up, and he settled in the country, where he still
followed the profession of tlie law, and was generally known by
the title of Counsellor Burrell. He appears to have been a
good man, a scholar, and a gentleman. His charities were
extensive, and he exercised a generous hospitality towards his
neighbours, both rich and poor.

Mr. Burrell was thrice married ; his first wife was EUzabeth,
daughterof Sii' Harry Goring, of Highden; his second was Mary,
daughter of Sir Job Charlton, of Luxford, in Herefordshire ;
and his third wife was Elizabeth Chilcott, of Surrey. He had
no children by either of his first wives, and the last died in
giving birth to an only daughter, bom in 169G. She was
mai-ried, at 19, to Mr. Trevor, who became the second Lord
Trevor. Short as their married life was, it proved to be an
mihappy one. She died about two years after, leaving, as her
mother had done, an only daughter, EHzabeth, who married
the second Duke of Marlborough. i

Mr. Burrel], whose affections were centred in his only chUd,
survived her loss a very short time, sickness and grief bringing j
down his grey hau-s with sorrow to the grave. In his will, |
made after his daughter's marriage, he leaves his estates for
his hfe to his son-in-law, and names hirn one of his executors
and trustees. In a subsequent codicil, drawn up after his
daughter's death, be revokes these appointments, giving as his
reason for so doing " his son-in-law's rude and ungrateful
treatment of himself, and his morose and ungentlemanHke
conduct to his daughter, who, in the opinion of all who knew her,
deserved very different and far better treatment from him." He
died at his house at Ockenden, 26th December, 1717, aged 75.

The grandmother of Mr. Bull, the possessor of the original
manuscript, was a Stapley, a descendant of that ancient family,
so long resident at Hickatead Place, in the parish of Twineham,
and it was from thence that the manuscript was brought. It
entirely relates to domestic matters ; many of the notices are in
Latin, of ■\vhich langiiiige he was evidently a considerable

JOUKNAL OF TIMOTHY BUItRELL, ESQ.

n<j H

master, and occasionally in Greek, and they are accompanied
by characteristic sketches, the tirst of ■wliich represents his
house and the small property surroimding it, and many of
those which follow are intended to indicate either the moral
habits or the occupations of those to whom he refers ; and it
is to J. H. Hurdis, Esq., of Newick, who upon this, and upon
other occasions, has proved himself a zealotis friend to our
Society, that we are indebted for the graphic illustrations
which accompany the work.

120 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

The house and estate still remain in the family, being the
property of Sir Charles Burrell, and the place is occupied by
Mr. J. Fearon, who, fully appreciating the beautiful and pic-
turesque character of the old house, has kindly and Uberally
presented the Society with the plate which appears as the
frontispiece to this paper.

" The whole low part of Ockenden House is computed by
Will Lindfield, as to the covering, at 38 squares and a half ;
the tall part at 10 squares and a half.

"Walter Savage came as promo, condo, clerico, came-
rarius,^ at Christmas, 1683. Sarah Fuller, as dayry-
mayd, on the 5th May, at the wages of 45^. p! an.
Abraham Holford came as footman, 1st June, 1685, at
the wages of 30^. p' an., with coat, breeches, and hat.
John Hall came as coachman, 1st July, 1685 ; his wages
were £6 p' an., a coat and breeches : I gave him 2^. Qd.
more for catching moles. Margaret Lawes came as chamber-
may d, at the wages of 50^. ; and Mary Coley as cook, at 50*.
p' an.^

* Et Luxus populator opum, cui semper adhseret
Infelix humili gressu comitatur Egestas.' ^ Claudian/'

1686.

" 2d April. I spent at Lewes 14«. ; at Highden 17*.
" 3d May. I spent at London £22 17s. lOd.

" Me constare mihi scis, et discedere tristem
Quandocunque trahunt invisa negotia Romam." ^

^ A compound of butler, valet, and clerk.

^ In the contrast of cost in those days and our own, the most remarkable of all is the
difference in servants' wages; and it is curious how much higher the wages of the
coachman were than those of the other servants. The wages of mechanics and labourers,
it will be seen, were about half what they are at present. The footman received about
a fifteenth, and the coachman a fourth part of the current wages of our days ; and
that these were the usual rate of wages is clear, for the Rev. Giles Moore says in his
Journal, writing in 1685, " I entertained for my yearly servant John Dawes, and I payd
him his yearly wages, £b Os. Od" No mention being made of clothes. The rector paid his
servants rather better than the squire, for he bargained with Rose Coleman to give her £3
per annum.

3 " Spoilers of wealth are luxury and state.

And wretched want doth on their footsteps wait."

^ " You know my constant love for happy home,
And with what pain I visit bustling Rome."

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

Ul H

" June. To the Protestant briefc I gave 10*.^ For my
tythfs, 10*. 2d. Spent at London, £13 Ss. Qd. I gave
widow Norman and widow King 75. each. At Ned Lux&rd's
I gave away 10s. Gd.

" For a quarter of malt, £1. 5 quarts of brandy, 5s. Half
an eU of cloth, 3*. Weaving 30 yards of diaper, £2 5s.

" August. For the keep of two calves, at 6rf. a week, 5«. 6d.
20 bushels of white peas, £3. 4 pullets, 4s. 3 ducks. Is. Gd.

"Sept. For 6 bushels of wheat, 17*, 4(?.^ Chimney money,
15s. Half a lb. of cod's tongues. Is. 2d. ; and for 4 stone of
cod fish, 4s. 6(/. 4 weanyer pigs, £1 8s.

" I spent at Lewes and Comb, £1 10s. ; and at Highden,
10s.'

" Dec. I layed out in London £19 7s. 9d. I gave to the
poor, £1 Bs.

" The clerk's wages were Sd., but I gave him 4rf. more.
The sexton's wages for my seat, and those I bought of my
uncle Joe, were 8d. Poor-tax, 7s. 4^d. ; church-tax. Is. \0d.
Ipayd Mr. Snattmy half year's tythes, 10s. Sd., and at Easter
I sent him my offering, lOs.^

" Summa totius anni . £314 lis. 7^d."

■^ The revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the year hefore, had driven, it ia aaid, as many
as 70,000 French Protestanta into England, the greater niimber of whom were in a state
of destitution. This collection made for theii support, and rejiealed for several successive
years, was general ; and notwithstanding every effort made bj James II to frustrate the
object, the appeal was most liberally responded lo. " Perhaps," sajs Macaulay, " none
of the munificent subscriptions of our own age has borne so great a proportion to the
means of the lation." The sum subscribed, free from all deductions, amounted to
40,000;.

" The average price of wheat this year was jEI 1 Os. 2d. the quarter.

' The giving vafls to servants, which was then the common practice, will account for
his large eipeiiditnre at the houses of his Inends. Comb and Highden
of his relations, the Bridgers and the Gorings. On a later occasion, in 1699, he reoirda the
fees, but not the place in which he paid these vajls, when it is clear he included the whole
household io his donadons. " Mr. Johnson, Kte, 9d. (half a guinea) ; chambermayd, 10*. ;
cook, IDs. ; coaohmoa, 5c. ; butler, 5i. ; chief gardener, bi. ; under-cook, 2s. 6(j. ; boy,
28. Gd. ; under-gardener, 2a. 6d. ; nurse, 2a. 6d. : tola), £3 0«. 9d."

' Easter offerings Were generally pad. " All my Esther offerings," says Giles Moore,
" were clearly worth to me this yeare 1659, £2. The persons who gave me above the
ordinary allowance were Mrs. Board, 10s., Mrs. Culpepper, IDs., the rest of the femily, 5s.,
and Mr. Jordan, 2»."

JODRNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, KSQ.

1687.

" 28th March. I spent at Lewes, 15s. To Dr. White, 10*.,
and to Fishenden the apothecary, 5*.

" April, Chimney money, 15s. Claret, Is, Qd. ; Hhenish, 7«. J
I spent at London, £9.

" June. Spent at London, £11 16*. Gave Guhiver, to get j
him out of gaole, 2s, Qd. Jo, Hall's wages for the yeare, £0.

" I payd John Holford, for his two years' wages, due on the
1st, £3, and I gave him £2 for excusing his hvcry this year.

" I bought of Sir Harbord "VVhalley two coach geldings for
£35, and I gave the man who brought them from Maudlyn
fflire, near Winchester, 10s. I bought another coach geldmg i
of Vinabo, of Chayley, for £10.

" Ist August. I spent, in my journey to Comb, 18*., and
I lost 8s. at cards there. Payd Harry Bridger the legacy given
him by my father, £5.

" Oct. To the apothecary for bleeding. Is.*

" For a spinning-wheel, 2s. Qd., and for spinning 6 lb. of
hemp, 4s.'"' Tobacco, Is. For making my breeches, 3*.

"Nov, Spent at London, £12 10s.

"Dec, Tythes, 10s. Zd. Fiddlers, 6(/. Howlers," Is.
To the poor of the parish, £1 3s. 6*/. For hanging the
bell, 2s. The bell, wood, and iron weighed G61b. Chimney
money, 15s. I gave aunt Sdter £5. Spent at Lewes and
Comb, £1 13s. I bought 50 herrings for Is. 9^.

" Feb. 2d. For digging 21 rods, at id. a rod, 3s. &d."

Then follows a list of presents which were sent to him by
his friends and neighbours, rich and poor, during the course
of the year. The following are specimens, as it would be
tedious to give the whole list : " Stephen Comber, two quarts
of mead and two green geese ; Mrs. Edwards, one dozen and
half of lobsters ; Mrs. Snatt, two dozen of China oranges ;
Su- John Morton, haunch of venison ; Mr." Warden, two days'
work with his team ; brother P. BurreU, hanams, plumms,

° There are other notices of this habit of bung bled every s|iring and BUtmnn.
'" About the same price pad by Gilea Moore to widow Ward, thirty years before — vii.
at tlie rate of Wd. per lb.

" These are the boys who went round on New Year's Eve waaaailing the orchards. For
It of them see Sbii. Arch. CoHections, Vol, 1, p. 110.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BDRRULL, ESQ.

123

id sweetmeats ; Mr. Board, a hauacli of venison ; brother
P. Burrell, two dozen bottles of claret ; J. Pelham, half a bushel
of oysters ; sister Emma Charlton, a pott of cocks (woodcocks)
one dozen and a half." Besides these, there arrived geese,
capons, pigs, and game from his poorer neighbours, among
whom Mr. Griffith sends him four chickens, cockerells.

"March 24th. Church tax, lid. Letter, 4fi?. 9 eUa of
Holland, £1 4*. I spent at East Grinstead, £1 28.

" The value of the wheat, oatea, barley, malt, peas, tares,
hemp, pigs, turkeys, and geese brought trom Stoneham, was
£12 14s, 9d.

" Summa totius anni . £294 18#. 6d."
1688.

" April. I sent Mr. Snatt my Easter offering, 10*.

"1st May. Mycharriotco3t£28;
two liveries, £5 4s. Spent at Lon-
don, £24 185. Gd. French Pro-
testants, 10*. Chimney money,
15*.^^ Poor tax, lis. Spent at
Grinstead, £1 2s. P^ Gosmark for tending Mary 3 weeks, 6s.

" Jidy. I sent 40 lbs. of black cherries to Highden, lis.

" Oct. Ist. I spent, in my jom-uey to Ludford, £35. Gave
the ringers, when I came home, on the 25th, 2s. 6d. Lord
Bergavenny's rent, £1 10s. Tythes, 10s. 3rf. Dr. White,
£1 10s. Apothecaiy'a bill, £1 3s.

"Dec. Tothepoorof theparish, £1 6*. Eiddler8,l». French
Proteatanta, 6s. Thanksgiving, 5s, Church tax, 11 1/. Letters
for two years, 5s.^^ P^Tydy for 2 bushels of wheat, 12s. 6rf.'*
" Summa totius anni . £323 9s. Gd."

The value of wheat, oata, barley, malt, peas, tares, hogs,

■^ TUis »"as the last year of that obnoxious tai, Chimaey Money, or Hearth Money.
By the 1st Will, and Mary, it waa cieclared that the " revenue of Hearth or Chimney
Money nos grievous to the peojile of England, hy oecasioning many difficulties and ques-
tians, a great oppression to the poorer aort, and a badge of slavery to the whole people,
exposing every man's house to be entered and searehed at pleasure by persons unknowu to
them, and therefore it was abolished for ever." The net income derived from the loi was
not more than £200,0001. (Maeaulay.J

^ Twopenee was the charge for each letter aent by post, if the distance did not exceed
dghty mites, and 3d. if it did. Mr. Burrell's correspondence praliably Cairly represented
that of other gentlemen of his day.

average price of wheal lliis year was £2 On, lOd.

124

jriUltNAL f)F TIMOTHY HUHRELL, KSQ.

pigs, piillets, turkeys, eggs, ducks brought from Stoneham,
was £33.

Among the presents sent to him this year, which were com-
paratively few in number, sister T. Burrell sends him 4 lbs. of
new butter ; sister Emma Chai-lton, as usual, a pot of wood-
cocks and two cheeses ; and his brother Peter sends him a
hamper, with 24 bottles of Rhenish. J

16S9. I

" 25th March. Tythes, 10s. 6d. Offeiing, 10s. To Dr. ■■
White, for attending my wife, £2 j and to Jude, of Lewes, for
bleeding her, 10*. To John Warden, for holding Washington
Court, £1 Os. id. To Plow, the horse-rider, for riding the
chestnutt colt, 15s.

" 23d May. I paid, for 3 years' lord's rent, due to Sir
James Morton," of Slaugham, for a farm in Hurstperpoint,
called Pookryde, 12s.^^ King's tax, 4s.

" June. I payd the mowers for 1 1 acres, at 20d. an acre,
18s. 9d. ; and to Gosmark and his
boy, for haying, 23 dayes, £1 3s. 6d.
To Nan Gosmark, for haying, 8 days,
4s. To the excise boy, for 6 dayes
haying, 4s."

" Thos. Godsmark came to me as footman, at the wages of
30s. p' an., with coat, breeches, and hat.

"Dec. 26th. Christmas boxes, howlers, 4s. Gd. To the
poor, £1 5s. King's tax, 4s. od. PoU tax, £3 2s. John
Coachman's poll money, 7s."

The wheat, oats, barley, malt, &c. brought from Stoncham,
were worth £24.

I* Sir James Morton marriei! Ann, co-heiresa of Sir John Covert, Bart., who was the
last male representative of that ancient family. On his death Sb- John Morton snccccded
in right of his wife la the manor of Slaugham. He had two sons, the youngest of whom
sold the property to Charles Sergison, Esq., in whose family it still remains.

'° There are many farms and closes in Sussex which owe then' camcs lo their having
heen the repaWd haunts of fairies — such aa Pookryde, Pookhoume, Pookhole, Pookeroft.
The sharpened end of the seed-vessel of the wild gieranium, called by the commun people
Pookneedle, probahly originally meant the Fairy's Needle.

" The price for mowing an acre of grass would now he about 3t. Bd,, a man's wages
for haying, 2i., a woman's, la. a day, beer being allowed. A oompariMin of the wages
IT days, and those of Mr. Butrell, shows that the conditjon of the poor is

much better now

n then

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

Among many presents received this year he mentions half
ii buck from Lady Goring ; a haunch of venison from William
Board, Esq. ; 1 teale and 6 tame pigeons from Sir H. Goring ;
pigs, geese, and a peacock from others ; and 3 dozen and 3
pigeons &om Major Bridges.

1690.

" June. Spent in London, £24 5s. Rent for Ockenden,
10s. Tax for £1600, £8. 2 quarters' land-tax, 15s. 9rf.
Tax for my poll and my wife, £6 2«. Tax for practice,
£4 lOs.

" I spent at London £17 14s. Por a dozen lbs. of flax,
9 galons of vinegar. Is. Gd.

" loth Sept. King William's return, Is. Bells and bond-
fires. Is. 6d. Sacrament, Is. Poor tax for Ockenden, lis.
1 gave Mally my brother Leightou's debt, £23.'^

Payd 4"" part of king's tax, 15». 9d. Gave the poor £1 5».
Militia, 5s.^«

" John Piecomb came as footman, at 30s.
p' an. and a livery. Anne Baker came as cook,
at 50s.

" P" Goldsmark and his son for digging the
bean plats, about 36 rods, at 2d. p' rod, 6s. ; it
took 6 days, P*" Edwards for 18 rods of hedge and ditch, at
3(?. the rod, and 2d. ^ for stubs, 4s. lOrf." ^^

Among the presents of the year he receives a aide of venison,
half a buck, a loaf of double-refined sugar, 2 lbs. of chocolate,
a pot of woodcocks, and two cheeses ; a rundlet of wine and
gloves ; several sugar loaves, ducks, capons, pullets, game, a
pottle bottle of mead, and other small tributes from his poorer
neighbours.

" Hia brother Leighton was Edward Leighlon, created a baronet two years later ; lie
muried a daughter of Sir Joli Charlton, Mr. ISurrell having married another. The Leigh-
tons were of a very ancient family in Shropshire. They do not appear to have been in any
way related lo Archbishop Leighton.

" Every man posaesseil of an estate of ^1500 a year, or of £6000 perajnal estate, was
obliged to provide and equip one borseman ; and every one who had £50
personal property, one pikeman or muakeleer.

» The wages of labour had gradually increaaed, for Oiles Moore, tliirty years hefore,
had faid for sislecn rods of hedging at the rate of twojjeiite n rod.

JOIiRNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

£13 5s. ^1

1691.
" May. I gave Mally £45.

" June. Spent at London, £27 15s. ; and again, £13
" July. Spent at London, £28 13s. dd., and at Timbridge
Wells, in 6 days, £2 2s. For 10 quarts of brandy, 10*., and
3 quarts of sack, Qs. iiii n

" For 28 lbs. of hops I gave 7s- ^^^J

-^^ " Two hats for my fellows' liveries, lO.v.'"
'^9> " Dec. Gave the poor £l 5s. Tinmouth briefe,
2s. Offering, 10s.

" I payd Jack Piecomb in full of his quarter's wages, 7s. 6d.
To mend his coat and breeches. Is., and to buy stockings,
Is. 6d." 1

This year Mr. Burrell, for the first time, invites a number
of his humbler neighboiu-a to dine with him at Christmas ; a
list of them, amounting to about 30, and their wives, and the
bill of fare, which was most abundant, will be found in a
future page. Two dinners were generally given, on the 1st
and 2d of January, and were never omitted, excepting in the
year when he lost his wife.

Among the presents received this year, including venison, I
terf, and many other good things, Alfred Savage sends him I
Adams's Map of England, and Savage's sister a fat chicken
and cider. '^^

^ In these days of fimdful hats, his fellows' bats prove the truth that old fashions are
perpetually revolving and turning up ^ain. la Stubbe'a ' Anatomie of Abuses' there is a
curious passage on this matter written in 1585 : " Sometimes," the writer says, " they

wore their hats sharpe in the cronne, perMug up lilie the spire or shaft of a steeple

Otheraame be flat and broade in the crowne, like the battlements of a house ; another sorte
hare round crownes, sometimes with one Idnde of liatide, sometimes with another, now
black, now white, now niaset, now greene, now yeilowe, now this, now that ; never con-
tent with one colour or fashion two dales to an ende And as the fasliions he rare

and strange, so is the stuffes whereof the hats are made ; lor some are of sillie, some of
velvet, some of wool, some of taffetie, and which is the more carious, some of a certaine
Idnde of fine haire, which they call Bcver, erf 20, 30, or 40 shillings a piece, and so com-
mon a thing it is, that every serving-man, countryman, and others, doe weare them.
Another secle, as phantastical as the rest, are content with noe kinde of hat without a
bundle of featlierB of divers and snndrie colours perking on the top of their heads."
(ArchiBologia, vol. iiiv, p. 170.)

" Befrire Mr. Biurell's time Mr. Justice Stapley did all the law in this part of the
world, and these were golden days for justices, when they could do a little business on

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ. 127

1692.

" 26th March. Sacrament, Is. I gave to the poor 4«., and
in soup, &c., 3s. Spent in London, £55 13s. 6d. In small
things, 9*. 6d. Ann Baker married ; I gave her 2*. 6rf.

"Edward Virgoe came Promo, Condo, Cierico, Camerarius, at
£3p'an. I paid forwalling the hoiiseof office, Is.Grf. owo

" Paid Green for a new jack, £1 10«. 6(/., and -^^
he is to keep the wheels and the pully in good ^ @
order for Gd. a year. H

"Paid the chandler for 13 dozen of candles, B

£2 Ss.

"Oct. 17. Payd HoDybone, for setting
the old pales by the orchard at the pond,
. at IQd. p' rod, wliich was a little too much,
for he worked 3 days but gently, 4*.

" I paid Jo. Warden, for 30 bushels of malt,
being just 4 months, £4 3*.

" Gave Jennings, for a pyke, wliich weighed ■''^^^
201b3., 5s. 9(/.

" Spent at London, £54 3*.

" I paid John Coachman, part of his wages in money, and
14 lbs. of wool, 10*.

" Dec. I bought 15 biishels of wheat of P. Courthope, at
6s. a bushel.'* Note. Beard offered the best wheat to cousin
Board, at Lewes, for 6s. I gave Jack Piecomb, to mend his
breeches, Is. Gd. Spent at Highden and Danny, £2 18s.
PoU tax, £1 9s. Gd. King's tax, 8s. 6rf.

" 2d Jan, 1 and my %vife, my man Edward Virgoe, and

their own account. " He," (Mr. Justice Slapley) aays Giles Moore in 1673, " drew up all
the ttrtielea concenung Matt'a marriage, I pdj-ed him £1 iOs. for my share, Mr. Citizen
paying as much for hii." And Bgain, in another case, he says, " I agaia wante Mr. Justice
Stapley , aacl (hen asMng his sons some Latin questions, I gave them each 53. I payd hia
clerk for a auhpcEna 3i., for a parchment and engrossing the bill St., and la Mr. Stapley
for his mundl and for drawing the hill, £1 5s. To Mrs. Sfapley 1 lost 1». at cards."
That Counsellor Burrell had succeeded to Mr. Justice Slapley's business, would appear
from the following extract from his relation's diary. " I received the abore settlement at
the Crown inn in Cucktield, where were the writings of ye Westlands, then sealed in the
presence of Timothy Burrell, Stephen Wood, and Edward Virgoe. Paid 3(l«. to Mr.
Bunell, and 15t. spent. The case of the rector of Worsted Keynes does not bear out Mr.
Macaulay in his representation of the character of the dergy of this day : he was a man
of independent spirit ; his Uhmry was large and valuable, for not a tlurd of the books he
bought are specified in the "Extracts from hia Journal."
" The average price of wheat this year waa £2 1«. 5|(i. the quarter.

128

.lOUKNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRFXI., ESQ.

maid Phillips, went to sojourn with my brother Peter Biirrell ;"
and I and Virgoe came away into the country on the 1 7th
March, my time there being just 6 weeks. My wile and her
maid came from P. Burrell's on the 10th April, her time there
being just 11 weeks; £17."

The preaenta received this year include, among many other J
good things, a cheese, excellent, from Richard Tayler, 4chee8e8,
called Albemarles, from his sister ComwaUis, a dozen bottles 1
of white wine from P. Courthope, 2 orangea and 2 lemons
from J. Warden, &c. &c. ; but no venison arrived this year.

1693.

" March 26th. I payd Frances Smith all her wages due to
this day, £2, and discharged her, she being a notorious thief.

" For carding 13 lbs. of wool, 3*. 4t?. ; weaving 21 yards of
cloth, lis.; scouring and fulhug, 7*.

" I spent at the assizes at East Grinstead £1 5s. '^ Sir
Chris' Lewis, £1 .

" I payed for 8 bushels of wheat £2 Ss., and 28 bushels of j
oata £3 lAs."^^

"'nth May. Spent at London, £26. For holland, dru
and chocolate for Mally, £3 4*. Poor tax, 10s.

" Peter Burrell was the ninth son of Walter Burrell ; he marriert Isabella, daughter of
John Merrik of Essex, by whom he had two sons, Peter and Merrik, and three danghten.
Peter, the eldest son, was deputy-governor of the South Sea Company, and Membw for
Haslemere. He married Amy, daughter of Hugh Raymonil, Esq., of Lajigley, in Kent.
His son Peter was surveyor-general of the Crown lands ; he married the eldest daughter
of John Lewis, Esq., of Hackney ; the; bad one son and four daughters. Peter the s
married Priarillfl, Baroness WiUoughby of Eresby, eldest daughter of Per^rine, Duke of
Ancaster. Eliza Amelia married Bichaid Bennett, Esq. Isabella Susanna married
Algernon, Earl of Beverley. Frances Julia marrieil Hugh, Duke of Northumherland ; and
Eliza Ann married Douglas, Duke of Hamilton. An instance of noble nianiages not to he
paralleled, probahly, in the family of any other commoner.

^ The assizes for Suaaes in those days, ami indeed to a comparatively late period, were
held alternately at East Grinstead and Horsham, and in the stinuncr at Lewes. The
Sussex roads were so wretchedly bad, that the judges in winlja- stopped at the lirst towns
they came to in the county, jurymen, prosecutors, and nilncsaes finding their way to the
assize town as they hest might.

" A good bargmn, tor tlie ftTemge price this year was £3 Ot. Irf. a tiuarter, and with
Hub year commenced a snecession of had harvests, which continued for seven years ; they
were known by the name of the barren years ! the scarcity was severely felt throughout
all Europe. The average price of wheat in England for the seven years ending with 1G99
wai i6t. lOJif., an immense price, considering the difference in the value of money.

JOUKNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL,

ForStonehsm 31 12

Nuh 12 2

Pookryde 4

Ockenden 3 16

Money, 1600(. . . 19 4 ■

«ro 14 '

" 30th Nov. Spent at London, £45 9s. i

" My servant, Edward Virgo, had a new stock and lock sett

on a fowling-piece of mine, for which he

payd Green lOs. I agree, when Edw'' Virgo " " ^ S-^sA
goes &om me, either to pay him the 10s., ^<j

or to let him take the fowling-piece."

Among many presents received this year, 62 in number,
there were tenne toiuts from Wra. Clarke, Esq., a buck from
Sir John Shelley, a dozen bottles of wine from P. Courthope,
a bottle of usquebagh from C. Sergison, Esq., a keg of stur-
geon, Westphalia ham, and chocolate, the usual tribute of a
pot of woodcocks from his sister Cornwalhs, a sack of oats and
a dozen small birds from Alfred Savage.

1694.

" 16th April. Marian Hall, footman, came at the wages of
30«. p' an., and a livery once in two years. I laid out for him,
in part of his wages, for linen sleeves, shoes, hat, and frock,
17». 8d.

" Peter Burrell's boy came to be with me at Ockenden, on
the 15th of Nov. ; he was carried back the 31st March, 1695.
The first letter I received was on the 24th Nov. ; I am to pay
6d. a letter.

" I bought a bay gelding for the coach of Thomas Agates,
4 years old, with a white spot on the wither, and a small white
spot on the forehead, for £12.

^ In 1692 a Talu&tion of the land of England was made, and certun paymenti were
awarded io each county, handled, or division, of which the proportions are still ret^ned,
notwithstanding the great changes whieli have taken place in the relatiie yalue of property.
It was Gied this year at it. in the pound. Mr. Burrell's income, therefore, derived from land,
waa ahout £260 a year, equivalent, probably, to three times that sum at present. The
chai^ for personal property was 24*. for every lOOt Sii per cent, waa about the interest
of money in those days; bi» income, therefore, would, &om this elatemeat, have been
ahout £360 a year, besides what he made by his profession ; but in his will he bequeaths
Ihe rent of several houses in SI. Clement's, London, the value of whieb is not specified.
Ill, !3

130

JOURNAL OF TIMOTUT BL'RRKLL, ESQ.

The presents this year came freely in, including half bucki
sides, and haunches of venison, crammed pullets, messes of
Hastings peas.a salt fish,a collar of brawn, half a dozen bottlesof
sack, and the annual present of small birds from John Packham.

1695.
" Paid for Gazettes, this day, Sa.*"
" 1 had 8 bushels of wheat from
Col. Bridger, for which I am to pay bitn 4s. 0(/. the busliel.^^
It was dusty, musty, and short of measure, so that it was
not eatable. Meiii. He sent me 5 bushels of malt, at 14«.
the quarter, slack dried.

" I bought a heyfer of Geer, 3 year old, for £4, and 2 small
weanyer pigs for 10s.

' Charge for the hog pound, 2400 bricks,
■ £1 Ss. 6(/. 3 quarters of a load of lime.
Is. 6(7. Joe Chatfield, for 8 dayes work, 16«,
For stone, and for other work, £7 7s.

" Paid the butcher, £5 Vis. 6rf. Metn. I
returned a breast of mutton, but query if be ever crossed it.

" Invited at Christmas Jo. Attree, Henry Ives, Robert
Chatfield, Chas. Savage, Thos. Burtenshaw, Stephen Comber,
Walter Gatland, Walter Burt, George Jennings, W. Sanders,
W. Winpeuny, Jo. Chatfield, Widow Swayne, Jo. Holford,
Thos. Canon, W. Robrough, W. Heasman, Thos. Uwins,
Thos. Agates, Jo. Warden, Alf. Savage, Rd. Virgo, W. West,
Thos. Mathers, Thos. Tydy."

" Frigorihua parto agiicoUe pleninique frmmtur,
Mutuaque inter ae Ivti convivia curant.
Insitat geiiialia bjemB, cnraaque resolvit." (Vino. Geo., lib. !.)">

* The first official Gazette eter publislieiJ appeared in 16G5, and was called the 'Oxford
Gaiette,' from the fact that the first numbers issued from thence, the court being resident
there, on account of the plague. It came out twice a week. The ' London Gazette' is its
lineal descendant. The etymology of the word ' gazette' is curious, being derived from
' gazza,' a in^|;pie : hence ' gazetta,' a little chatterer, a paper which gives all the news.
(Voc. Delia CruBca.)

'" This gentleman who took him in in the matter of the wheat, lived at Comb, near
Lewes ; he was colonel of the Sussex militia, member of Parliament for Lewes, and
brother-in-law to Mr. Bunell, baring married hia aiateri be died in 1(591, aged eighty-one.
^ " In genial winter swuns enjoy their store,

Foi^ their hardships, and prepare for more ;
The farmer to full bowls invites his guests,

\nd wha

le got with pains, mth pleasure spends." Duve

JOURNAL or TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

The presents were of the usual sort, 55 in number, from
the half buck fi'om Sir Charles Goring, down to the dishes of
beans and carrots from his poorer neighbours.

"April 1st. Quarter's tax for £1100, £3 65. Tor land,
15*. Payd Philips in full of her wages, £1 lO*., and 1 gave
her 20*. over. Paid the tax due on his marriage, £5 2s. 6d.

" FQia jam nata est mea sera et sera voluptas.

Elizabeth Burrellwas bom
June, 1696, about half an
clock in the forenoon. She
Monday, 15th February,
rell (byWm. Board, Esq.)
H Gee (by my sister Parker),

4^,__r

iges in goods and in money, 10s.
of mutton sent — if the butcher

" My daughter
on Thursday, 25th
hour after 10 of the
was baptized on
My brother P. Bur-
godfather, my Lady
and my niece Jane (=B=rf^!fc**^ Bun-eU, godmothers.

" JJ tjiv<Ti<! Tot! Trarpaai Toik TralSa? /i.aWov r) tow
•jra-rpa? en-iTarret tf)ikEiv." " (Lucian.)

Est mihi, sitquE precor nostris diufuminr aniiis

Filia, quS felix aospite semper era.^

" 22d Aug. Paid Hair

" 29th, 31st. Two ew

be honest ! —

" Oct. 1 5th. Paid the first window tax.^* "^^BS^

Porthe poor tax, 16s. Gd. To Mr. Middleton, ^M^p^^

forhalfayear'srent for Sandbournes, £4 10s." t-— ^ ^ J

Presents flowed freely in, beginning with 2 chickens and
peas, 12 chickens and raspis ; a buck and 10 mullets from Sir
H. Goring, half a buck from Sir J. Pelham, two dozen pigeons

3> " A child is bnm, my late, my only joy.
My comforter in grief."
His wife died in her confinement, and nas liuried on the 3d of February.

"^ " It is the nature of parents to lose thrir children more than children love their
parents." This law of nature Las been well compared to that of graiitalion.
"^ I have a child, may she long survive
Her happy father, happy should she live '.
His prayer was not heard ; she died when she was about twenty years of age.

" What his feelinp were in paying this ta\, is snfficieatiy indicated by the etching.
The poor-taiL hail increased in eleven years from lis. to Ifw.

132 JOURNAL or TIMOTHY BURREI.L, ESQ.

from Col. Bridger, two dozen of wine, sack, and claret from "
Mr. Lyddale ; two capons and a caponet, a loin of pig pork, a
basket of pear royals, and two swans from cousin MidtlJeton.

1607.

" April 21st. P" Mathers the tax on the birth of ray daugh-
ter and the burial of ray dear wife, £G 6*.** F" John Coach-
man on his wages, £5, and further more of free will, 1 0«.

"P George Jennyns the tax for the whole year for £2086
in money, £26. For mine and my daughter's poll, 8*. 3<^.
For my stock, worth £50, 6«. For my land, at 4a. in the
pound, £4 4s. Total, £30 18*.

"For 10 bushels of tares, £1 10«. For 101b. of chocolate,
by sister Kit Goring, £1 13a. Paid Hannah Long, aliaa
Virgo, her two years' wages, £10.

" 23d Ang. I sold J. Holford a red cow
for £8 65. 8d. ; if she don't weigh 20 stone a
quarter, I intend to take only £8 for her.

" I invited no guests this Christmas, but I invited, on the
Sundays, Will Gatland, Henry Ives, and others."

After recording the many presents received this year, which
(with the important exception of venison, which was altogether
omitted) were of the usual character, he gives his opinion of
presents in general in the following quotation from Seneca :
" Quidam cum aliqnid illis missum est munusculum, subinde
aliud intempestive remittunt, et nihil se debere testantur.
Rejiciendi genus est protinus aUud invieem mittere, et munua
munere expungere.^^ (Lib. de Beneficiis, cap. 40.)

35 Elizabeth Burrdl was buried at Cuckfield ou the 8th February, and the fbllowiof car-
tificste appears iu the parish register : " She was not buried in woollen, but in tinnen, and
this was certified to Stanning, the churchwarden, on the 15th." For carrying on the war
with France with rignur, a tax was laid on bu^hs, niarri^;es, and deaths. Every person,
paupers excepted, paid 2». on the birth of a cluld, a duke paid fSO, otber peera £25 }
every esquire or reputed esquire, £.t, every gentleman 20g. The tax on burials was £i ; a
duke or duchess, or rather thdr executors, paid £30, a marquis £40, on earl £30, a gen-
tlemaD £20. In the present instance Mr. Burrcll appears to have been taxed for one
event as an esquire, and as a gentleman for the other. These taxes were imposed only
for five years, and, as might be expected, were never renewed.

^ " Some persona, whenever any little present is sent to them, immediately reply to it
unseasonably with another ; thus showing that they will he under no obligation. This
mutual interchange, this wiping out of one present by another, ia one way of rejecting
them altogether."

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

1698.
" 26th April. ITiomas Goldsmith came as

" -^010. Apru. I'jiomas uoldsraitli came as ci
footman, at 30s. per an. wages, and a livery ^^^=^5;^..^

coat and waistcoat once in two years, when he
was to have a new one ; but being detected in theft, I turned
him away on the 21st August. After a ramble to London,
being almost starved, he came again as footman 25th March,
1703, at £4 per an., one hvery coat and breeches in two
years ; if he went away at the end of the first year, he was
to leave his livery coat behind him, I paid Sharp for his
shoes 4s, ; for making his waistcoat, 2s.; stockings, Is, Gd.;
breeches, 3*. Qd. ; hat, 4s. Sarah Creasy came as cook, at the
wages of 55s. p'an.

" 8th Oct. Payd John Coachman, in full of his half _-^^
year's wages, to be spent in ale, £2 Gs. Gd. I paid v^5
him for his breeches (to be drunk) in part of his ^^^[

Mem. The three first Plying Posts were brought to me
by Chatfield, the carrier, on the 12th Nov.^'

" Cluistmas.
" Res est sacra miser. (Sen.) Lord's rent.^^
" To the poor at Chi-istmas, £3 lOs,'^ To a fire at New-
bury, 2s. Anne Chaloner, 2s. To Mrs. Payne, her rent, lOs.
For 1 1 yards of Worcester frieze and materials for two coats
for Edw'' Luxford and T. Biu-rell, £2 Gs. Gd. A seaman
wrecked. Is. Protestants, £5. To a man in prison, 2s.
For the galle:y, £1 . Mad Parson Perking, 2s. Mad May-
nard. Is.

'^ The reader may form some opinion of the character of this ncwspo^jer from the
follaniag annoaDcement of it. " If any gentleman has a mind to oblige his country
friend or correspondent willi his account of pubUe aflitirs, lie may have it for 2d. of
J. Salisbury, at the ' Rising Sun,' Camhill, on a sheet of fine paper, half of which being
blank, he may write his own private business, or the material news of the day."

^ " The miserable man is a saered thing."

^ A few only of bis many acts of charity will be mentioned, as a larger detiul would be
very tedious. It is remarltable how many insane persona are the objects of his liberaUty.
It would seem thai they wuidered much about the country in those days.

JOURNAL OF TIHOTHT BUBRSLL, ESQ.

■' I bought of Thos. Uwinge 20 bushels of
good clwm wheat, to be deUvered at £6 10*.*°
j,,;^^^ P*' for poll ta\, 3 q"' £1 1«. For my daughter,
^^^ 1*. For £1600 money, 4 q"' £3 13*.
" March 24th. I paid Rebecca Jup lier wages, £2 9*. ;
bad servant. To Bee at parting, Is. '

Among the presents of the year were a dozen bottles of
Riirgiindy from Christopher Montague, Esq., 6 bottles of
brandy from sister Goring, 2 dozen of claret from Sii" Richard
Rajiies, a gallon of verjuice from Stephen Comber, 17 pigeons
from Mr. Bridger, half a buck from Sir H. Goring, pykesJ
perches, and eelea from Lady Morton, &c. &c.

1699.

" Paid my nurse two guineas in part of her
year's wages, to be euded 29th Jan., £2

" P^ for digging and steyning a well, 21 feet deep, £l 15*.

'***'' 1^ The smith's work came to £4 9s. Paid Dum-
brell, on his paling, at '2d. p' rod,
lOfl.

*' It n|)peai's, by the church clerk's books, that
Ockenden pays him by the year, for wages, but
Qd., and no more, though I have vohintarily
subscribed a paper to pay Edw^ Stammer, the
present clerk, by the year, 2«, The sexton'
wages are but half as much as
the clerk's, that is to say, 4c/.
though I give hun more,*'

" I gave my niece, Frances Bridger £5.

" TheiverBgeprite of wheal this year nas as liigh us CO*. 9rf. the tiuarter.

" It i* curious that Mr. Stapley in his Jouraal, written at the same time, values hit .\
guineas at 22*. each. {Sma. Arch. Coll., Vol. II, |i. 124). Prom the sketch of the jug I
it would aeeai that Mr. Burrell suspected his nurse of the besettii^ sin of the Sarah '
Gamp school, but that he repented of his suspicions.

'^ There are no such regular wages pad to clerks and sextons in our days. They ai
paid fised salaries out of the church-rates, and by fees at the several otficea of the church.

" " Ungracioua is the favour which is slow of foot."

TIMOTHY BTJRRELL, ESQ.

" Ingratum est beneficium quod diu inter maiius dantis
hsesit, nam qui tarde fecit, diu noluit." (Seu.)**

" To mad Parson Perking, 2s. Qd. Ned Luxford, 5*. Thos.
Burrell, £l. Juveni mutum se simulanti dedi, Qd., et cuidaiu
se pro uauta obtendeoti et captivo sed falso ut opinor. Is.
Alms given to one unworthy are given ov to> av0p<DTr(o a\\a tw
afiBptairivw. *^

" Paid to John Coachman, in part of his waj
to be fooled away in syder or lottery, 5*.
" Christmas.

"Ael vofiiXovd ot irivTjTev tow ©eofl.*^ Lord's rent. To the '
poor, £3 7s. 6rf Boys' boxes, 4*. Sd. Old Potter, Is. Ned
Luxford, \0s. Nan Chaloner, 2*. I gave my godson Luxford a
cx)at, 10«. Prench school, 2*. To the poor at sacrament, Is."

The presents sent to him this year were nearly fifty in
number, including venison, fish, stubble geese, capons, pullets,
pigs, down to a gallon of turnips and a gallon of vinegar.
His nephew, T. Kurrell, of Slaugham, sends him a cock and
a fieldfare.*'

" April 2d. Two black
geldings, 5 years old this
spring, each 15 hands
high, with a small star in
the forehead, and two
white feet behind ; all the rest of the body black. I bought
them of Rob. Clements, of Wantage, in Berkshire, and their
price was £34. They were procured for me by W° Nelson,
Esq., to whom I payd the money. I gave John Grindle, the
saddler's boy, for bringing the horses, £1 9s. &d. Clement's
servant, 5«.

" I paid Lashmar, carpenter, for 36 days' work at Chownes

** " Thonlilfsa a the gift which has long stitflt to the hands of the gi'
has heen tardy in giving, haa long wished not to give."
^ " Not for the sake of the man, hut for the sake of human
" " The Lord ever careth for the poor."

■" " Turdiia.

Sive aliud privum dahilur hhi, devolM illuc
Res u)» magna nilel, Domino scnE."

136

JOURNAL or TIHOTHT BVRRELL, ESQ.

born, 2« 6(/. p' diem. To his journeyman, 24
days' work, at 20(/. p' diem ; and to his appreu-
t\\j t> ^'^*^' '^1 tlsys, at Is. p' diem. Jack Packham hath
^ Vfe worked at Cho«Ties IS days. 1 paid him for bis
work £1. For beer, bread, and cheese, at the
rearing of the bam, 7«.**

" May. For two smocks for Nan West, 5*. A chip
hat, 1*. (id. 2 blew aprons, 2s. 6d. Mending her
■i'*-" fingers, 2s. Gd. New shoes, 2s. 2d.
" F" John the Coachman, in iull of his year's wages, £4 3s.
I payd him 2s. 6d. for Thos. Gates, for a goes, but
he kept it for ale ; and to widow Goldsmith, for ^
mending his stockings, Is. 6c/.

"Oct. T. B., a bucking.*^ Mem. I washed
in soap ; bought blew, Is. They formerly
used only l^d. worth of blew, which would
have been sent for as they used to do, and
then they spent Is. at 5 washings ; but how
will it be now ? Tis better to buy as we want,
than by wholesale, and so it is with soap, &c. I payd for la
stone of hard soap, at 2s. 2d. the dozen, £1 6s.

" Payd Duuibrell, for a horse to carry clothes
on, 2s. 6d.

" For cakes for my girle, 4s. 6rf.
" To the poor at Christmas, £3. Mad
woman and child, 6t?. Widow Weeks, 10s. ~
briefe, 2s.

" Paid for 1 chord of wood, at 4s. Qd.
II chord."

" Giles Moore, fbrty years before, in 1659, says, "To John Gower, carpenter, for one
day's worke for his man snd himselfe, I pavd 3». Id., wluch was Id. esiraordinary."
And as to the mason, lie says, " I haie agreed «ith John Blakiston, mason, that hee and
his son and boy are to pve me« one dayes worke for theyr victuals, and 1». more, which
I am to pay them at the earning."

■" This WHS an important domestic erent in those days, particularly so the great general
washing, which included all the Unen of the house, wluch took place rorelj-, once or twice
in the year — this was called driving or linddEg, derived from the Saxon word ' hue,'
which means a vessel fcir water. A lye was used by pouring bpihng water upon wood
ashes, on which sonietimea herbs and soapwort were placed. This p'"" °^ ■ general
washing is still ill use in tlie country houses in France.

®»(i)(5<>

JOUllNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRKLL, ESQ.

Among many other preaents, he receives this year, from
Wm. Gatland, a leveret and vinegar; half a buck, and 10
quart bottles of Burgundy from the Gorings, a turkey cock,
&c. &c., from others.

1701.

" May 2d. I payd Ned Vu-go, in full of ^^
his wages, for two years, due the 26th of ^^
this month, at London, £8 ; and Mary
Slater her wages, £2 10s. Porphysick forNan Weat,13*.6(/.;
3 flaxen shifts for her, 10*. ; stutfe for her gowne and petti-
cote, 12s. 9d. ; and for making the gowne, 2?,^"

" 17th June. I agreed vrith Sam. Hyder for 2 quarters of
good bright wheat, for £2 14^., to be delivered to the miller.
I payd Old Edwards, for mowmg the Upper Mead, the Marl-
pit Field, 3 Acre Field, Little Holly Field, Great Hilly Field,
in aU 14 acres 1 rood, at Is. 8d. the acre, £1 4*.

" Oblatum mihi pro consilio Ellyotto More remisi, 10s ;
atque iterum respui aunun EUyotti More, et consuJui ex
gratis. Oblatum niihi a J. Anscomb, prEemum ob consihum
in suo negotio condonavi.

" To Mrs. Robrough, for 6 yards and ^ of
flannel, which will make 3 flannel waistcoats,

Hony. iLJtl

" Of widow Weeks, 6 quarts of hony ; of Margaret Janett,
8 quarts ; and of others, 18 quarts : in all, 32 quarts, £3 8s. 9d.

" C(Kli iempore cerW
Dulcia mella premes, nee tantmn dulcia quantum,
Et liquida et durum BaccM domitura saporem.""

VittG. Gear. IV.

*" Nan West's flaxeu aliifla would now cost hI
irettiraat could Ite bought for about the same prio
the gown would be about 2«. 6c/.

" " For there at pointed Eeasoas hope to press
Huge heavy houeycombs of golden juice,
Not only sweet, but pure and fit for use i
T' allay the strength and hardness of the ni
And with old Bacchus new metheglin join."

138 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" Attica nectareum turbastis meUa Falernum
Misceri decet hoc a Ganymede merum." "

Martial.

" Nan Saxby brought 5 quarts, good weight ; she said it
weighed 3 lbs. and ^ to the quart. If a quart of hony
weighs 4 lbs. and a half.

** Aufidius forti miscebat mella Falerno,
Mendose, quoniam vacuis committere venis
Nil nisi lene decet, leni pnecordia mulso,
Protueris melius." Hob. ^

" I put 2 lbs. and a ^ to a gallon of water, and ^ a gallon,
i. e, 6 quarts, which is still filled up in the boyling, whUst the
scimie rises. There remains 6 quarts of mead, 2 nutmegs,
a race of ginger, bruised, and boiled in it after the same is all
gone. Work it up with a spoonfed of good yeast, and barrell
it up 10 days."

In his account of the presents received this year, there is
the first mention made of tea.** Mr. Middleton sends him a
bottle of white wine and tea. There are haslers, haslers,
haslers, in abundance ; a carp, which weighed 9 lbs. ; six grey
birds, pigs, capons, pullets, &c. &c.

^ " Rich Attic honey, with Falemian wine,

Let Ganymede himself such draughts combine !"

^ " Aufidius first, most injudicious, quaffed

Strong wine and honey for his morning draught ;
With lenient beverage fill your empty veins.
And smoother mead shall better scour the veins "

Francis's Hot.

It is singular that a liquor which was once so great a favourite both in ancient
and modem times, should have fallen into total disuse among the higher classes.
" Sir Roger de Coverley," says the Spectator, (they were walking in the Spring Gardens,
and Sir Roger was thinking of the widow), " here fetched a deep sigh, and was falling into
a fit of musing, when a mask who came behind him gave him a gentle tap on the
shoulder, and asked him if he would drink a bottle of mead with her.'' (Spectator,
No. 303.) A country gentleman of the present day would be roused from a fit of musing
at Vauxhall by an application for something better than mead.

^ It is curious to observe how slowly that now almost universal comforter, tea, made
its way into England. Mr. Burrell does not mention it among the items of his accounts,
though on one occasion he sajrs he gave away three quarters of an ounce ; and yet it was
certainly known in London in 1661. Pepys says he sent for a cup of tea, a China drink,
which he had never drank before.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

1702.

' News.

" 3d May. Payd for the prints, to the 5tli May, 16*. 4d.
Payd Susan Hawkins, for a year's attendance on my daughter,
£10. -^

' 25th May, Paudoxavi.
Relinivi.^^

" July. The bell given
niece, Short, weighed

1 2th June

" Two hind wheels of the coach, made
by Juniper, cost £1 ds.

" Shut up two fat 1

" Payd Juniper for a new wheelbarrow, the irons of the
wheel being my own, 8*. Qd. Paid him for a slide, which is
to be repaired for nothing if they break out, 68. 1 payd him
for putting in a new fore purchass in the coach, 4s.

" Paid Hen' Kilhng,
for a fish-net, the chords
and leads being my own,

" " I brewed," " I tapped," The retder is not to suppose, boat fbe few notices of tUs
kind extracted, tliat Mr, Buirell was defident in one of the great attributes of the " fine
old English gentleraim" — a cellar fuU of ale and beer. In the manuscript,
brewing occur in every page. But the best proof of this is found in his maltster's bill :
hia four months' consumption of malt heing thirty bushels, which was pretty well for so
small a family. In searchmg for the meaning of the word ' Pandoiavi," the following
curious passage in which it occuix was pomted out. At an episcopal vtsitation which took
place at Tortington Priory, near Arundel, in 1584, the following presentation was made ;
"Johannes Gregory, Prior, et septem frstres canonici, Johannes Arundel, Snh-prior, dicunt
()Uod ecclesia eat aliquantuni ruitio^a, el quod pania et polus non sunt salubres. Henriciia

140 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" Ancilla de W" Robrough brassicam capitatam licentia
non impetrata nee rogata horto abstulit.*^

" Payd Robinson, for pruning the trees in the
court and the gardine, 21*.

" 14th Sept. Goldsmith de-
parted my service, by consent,
this day; on the 24th Oct.
he repented, and returned,
half-starved.^^
" 23d Jan. Anno currente sexagenarius.
" Proterve se gessit soror, at me ahquantulum re-
pressi.

" 24th. Civibus EUensibus incendio domorum depaupe-
ratis dedi, 1*.*®

" 28th. I payd the saddler, in a bill for mending John
Lord's legs, and in part of his wages, £1 6*.

" 31st. Ad rem divinam in Ecclesia pomeridianam non
adfui a nepote meo T. BurreU praepeditus.*^

" 11th Feb. Haemorrhoidum fluxum copiosiorem passus
sum.

" Doloribus colicis aliquantulmn tentatus.
" For 12 dozen of candles, at 5*. Qd. per dozen,
£3 6*.

" Woolvin de Shermanbury consuluit me de seminatione
lini supter H. Pelham, anno ultimo.^

Ringwood, canonicus, didt quod coquus et Pandoxator sunt immundi et indocti in officio
8U0." The answer to the inquiry as to the religious and moral condition of the Priory was
very short : " Omnia bene" — " All right." In Bayley's Dictionary, the word * pandoxatri '
is defined * An alewife, one who brews and sells drink.' The good Samaritan brought his
neighbour to a ' UavdoKtiov,* literally, a public-house.

^ W. Robrough's maidservant came and took a cauliflower out of my garden without
asking leave or saying anything about the matter.

^7 The curious hieroglyphic would intimate that he walked away a single man, and
brought back a wife ; it is dear he had a wife to whom he proved a very indifferent
husband.

* " My sister was impertinent to me, but I kept my temper pretty well. To the dti-
zens of Ely, reduced to poverty by a fire, I gave 1»."

69 « I was prevented attending morning service by my nephew, T. Burrdl.

w ** Woolvin of Shermanbury consulted me on the point of his sowing flax under his

JODKNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" J. Packham ob quotidianam ebrietatem acriter increpui,
et per quinquennium, apud me gratia diversantem nee dum
sobrie et frugaliter se gerentem tandem domo expuli.*''

" Doloribus scorbuticia circa femora noctu cniciatus, per
acrem derepente prsegelidum ut opinor excitatua, nive copiose
cadente.

" Proterve et cum convitiis rixata est soror mecum, unde
ipse aliquantulum ne dicam nimis commotus, abinde per tres
dies diarrhcea levi et termine ventris non perquara gravi, sed
per modica tntervalla affectus, ac etiam hiemorrhoidem fluximi
modicum passus. Tippingii liquoris bis in dies, et hiene
picrae semel aut bis baustum ccepi.^*

" Sororem meam Christianam Goring, et alios ex condicto
visi apud Slaugham.

" Cuidam Morel pauperi de Henfield, cujus domus in-
cendio subitaneo diruta est dedi. Is., et cuidam Botting de
NuthuTst pauperi asre alieno invohito Is.

" Famulum aliquantulum intemperautius objurgavi, ob
nimium salem jusculo imniistum." ®^

Among many good things received this year. Lady Morton
sends liim a side of red deer ; and his sister Goring half a
buck on one occasion, and four salt fish on another, together
with six bottles of brandy, and preserved lemon, chocolate, and

citron.

landlord, Henr; Pelham, last year." A gr^t deal of Bkx. was grmm in thia country
formerly ; there are few, if any parishes, in wUch tradidon does not show certain flax-
fields. Now, here and there, a small quantity is grown by way of experiment.

Bi .. I severely reprimanded John Packham for iiis continual drunfcennesa, and at last I
tm^ed him out of my house, of which be had bad tlie &ee run for five years : a drunken
ettravagant fellow !"

^ " My sister quarreUeil with me, and was insolent to me, and I was somewhat, not to
say too much, irritated with her ; the consequence was, that for two days tny stomach was
at intervals seriously affected. I took Tipping's Miitnre, and one or two doses of hiera picra."
Thia last medicine to which Mr. Burrell generally had recourse in his physical troubles, is
stUl B favourite one with the common people of Sussex, The following old receipt, which
has been kindly communicated, shows the sort of drenches to which our ancestors had
recom-se : " In case of colic, take an ounce of hiera picra prepared with aloes, safi^n,
cloves, ginger, mace, half a quarter of an onnce of each ! put them into a pint of the best
rnni or brandy, with a pint of white wine. Take four spoonfuls gtdng to bed, with M
warm wine, or three or four spoonfuls of ale."

'^ " I was rather too impatient with my servant for having put too n
broth."

141 H

1703.

" April 5th. I paid Sarah Creasy her year's
wages, aud 1 have tliis day discharged her from
my service, having been found faulty in taking
vessels of strong beer out of the brewing, and hiding the
same ; her wages were £2 1 5«."

" Pauperi cuidam de Bolney ex fide jussione depauperate et
reindc in carcere detniso dedi, 6d. Oblatmu radii, 10«.
Parochianis de Cuckfield reraisi, Edwardo Luxford dedi, 5«.
Paupercula3 Lincolniensi cum puella aegrota prster cibacia
dedi, 3rf.

" Nepti me^ uxori Rich'' Bridger Rhedam meam calash
dictam, ad vehendam earn ad Reigate accommodavi, ac pos-
tea ad rcvehendam.

"Pro cmptionc librorum parochianis donandorum, 10*.
T. Burrell consanguineo meo qui prodigus dmu juvenis, jam
senex coactus est egenti vivere fato, £l. Citharsedia quatuor
ad nundinas Cuckfieldiensea, Is.^

" Uma aepulcliralis Roniana ciueribus et ossibus humanis
replcta, variis catiiiis sive patulis divcrsarum figurarum cir-
cumBtantibua, e Into rubente ac splendido confectis,in venta
fuit in Rcgia via apud Highbridge Hill, in Cuckfield apud
Anstey.*^

" Circiter a:rarius acctabula qua;dam quorum stanniun in-

** The etching in this ciue represente some instrument used iu brening. bq occapfttion in
nhicli women fomicrl]' were entenuvely tmgnged. The justices of Rutland, in setttii^ the
»toi of wagon in 1610, adjudge that a chief woman, who can halie and brew, and inake
malt, and oYerseo other sarvanla, ahall have for her wages 24s. Sd. a year ; a second best
wumui, wlio cannot dress mejite, nor make malt, but who can brew, shall have 23s. id,
(Archnologia, xl, p 20.)

* " I gave ten shillings to purchase boolss to be given to the children. Ta T. BmrcU,
my kinsman, a spendtlirift in his jiouth, and now paying the penalty of poti^y in his old
»g«, I gave £1. To the hand at Cnckfield fair I gave I»."

" " There was this day found in the high road, at H^hbridge Hill, in CuclifieH, near
Anslcy, a Roman sepulchral urn, iilled with human bones and ashes, with various platters
of liifferent forma standing round it, made of red shining clay." Tliis must have been a
Roman urn with Samian potttry, such as has been lately found on the Downs at Banner.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, EStJ.

terne illitiim frequenti usu detritmn fait resarciebat. Vasibus
scilicet fervefactis injecta cum lapide de sale anunonica forcipe
detento valide internis lateribus afiricabat.^'

" 1 Itli June. Hestemo die.pedes rore ambulando madefactua,
et aliquantulum casei recentia comeaua, hodie multo mane
flatuleiitis paroxyamis discrucior. Hierse picrEe haustum unum
et alterum capiendo tandem stomacbi sive pectoris dolor
quievit, Deo, Optimo, Maximo ob banc miaericordiam suam
gratias persolvo.^^

" WiUo Goring mente lapso et per orbem din jam vagabondo
dedi, 6d.

" I payd old Edwarda for mowing 14 acres, at Is. 8rf. per
acre, and aa it was a very great grass, 43 load, I gave him 5s.
over. I paid the bayers £1 4s.

" Dolore capitia aHquamdiu vexatusvenam aperui et aanguinis
uncias plus nimis novem emisi, aquas purgantes de Ditchling
potare coepi. ^^

^^^^^ " lOtb July. My girle began to leame to

^^^^"^^ dance, at a guinea entrance, and a guinea a
yy quarter.

" Payd Edward Virgo bis year's wages, £5.
" Payd Mary Slater her wages, £30s.

" Edwardo Luxford erga victum filioli sui apud Westmeston
annuatim de me erogandas dedi jam libraa, £2. Jo. Heasman
ob erudiendos pauperes puerulos elementa dedi, 7s. ^^

'' " A travelling tinker repaired some of my saucepans, the inside tinning of which had
been nibbed off by fre()uent use, havii^ heated the saucepans, and then having rubhed the
inaide of the vessels brisklj with a stone of sal ttmniooiac, wliich he held in a pair of

" " Yesterday, having wetted my feet, by walMng out in the dew, and having ci
imall piece of new cheese, I have been to-day tortured with BatiUent spasms. By taking
two doses ot hiera picra, the pans in my stomach, or rather in my chest, abated. Thanks
he to the great God for this bia mercy towards me."

* " Having been troubled far some lime with a headaehc, I was blooded, and lost nine
ounces, more or less, of blond, and I b^an to take the aperient wafers of Ditchling."
There is a chalybeate spring in that pariah called the Well House, near the common, but
no one in these days drinks the aperient waters of the Ditchlmg Spa.

'" " I gave Edward Luxford, towards the support of Ms boy at school, £2 0«, Od.,,and
he is to apply to me ever; year for the ume sum." The history of Ned Luxford and his

143 H

144 JOUENAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" Haemorrhoidum fluxum passus sum absque dolore atque
crastino die venae haemorrhoi dales turgescentes dolore afficie-
bantur.

" Nov. Pandoxavi.

" Decern libras a sorore mea Emma Comwallis, ob parandas
atras vestes super mortem mariti mihi assignatas remisi, ac
propriis sumptibus mihi vestes atratas comparavi, Thos. Com-
wallis, obiit 16 July, 1703.7^

"Dec. 8th. Pauperibus parochianis Sancti Egidii quorum
aedes subitaneo igne corruerunt, 6d. Ad sacram coenam, 1^.
Fabri Fabrisio prole numerosa oppresso dedi, 1 0*. 24th. Pau-
peribus parochianis ex consuetudme, £3 1^. 4flf. Cantatoribus
noctumis in Natalitiis Domini, 1^. 6d,

" Jan. 16. E penetrah vespere calefacto corripuit aer frigi-
disculus, imde noctanter per sudorem relevatus mane per Dei
elementiam convalui.

** Forte meum si quis te percunctabitur svum
Me ter vicenos sicat implevisse Decembres." ^

** Lenior et melior fiam accedente senectS !'' ^

The presents received this year were 64 in number: "a
silver Te pot and porridge spoon for his girle, from his niece

children is curious, and certainly, as far as it goes, bears out Mr. Macaulay's statement as
to the frequently humble destiny of clergymen's children in those times. This boy, to
whose schooling he contributed, in process of time became curate of Heathfield, vicar of
Chiddingly, and rector of Chalvington. Though belonging to an old and very respect-
able family, he apprenticed one of his sons to a mason, and another to a stay-maker at
Lewes. Henry, the son of the latter, was clerk to a brewer there. He was a great
angler, and died in the pursuit of his calling at a very advanced age ; he slipped into the
Ouse a few years ago.

^ " I returned ;£10, which had been sent to me by my sister, Emma Comwallis, to
purchase mourning upon the death of her husband, and I furnished myself with mourning
at my own expense. Thos. Comwallis died on the 16th July, 1703." It is not unlikely
that the custom here alluded to was superseded by that of sending mourning rings to a
friend or relation, or the bequest of a sum to purchase one ; and that, too, has passed
away, though the sending of scarfs and hatbands, which still continues, may have had its
origin from the same cause.

^ ** About mine age should anxious friends inquire,
Pray tell them, Sir, I've seen my sixtieth year."

^ "As age creeps on,

May I become a milder, better man !"

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

Bridger; six bottles of Nantes and chocolate, from sister
Goring ; chocolate, tobacco, snuff, and snuff-box, from brother
Goring ; half a buck, from Sir Robert Fagge ; another half
buck, from brother Goring ; liamich of venison, from Mr.
Board ; crammed pullets, pheasants, partridges, capons, and
pigs, a cod fish, &c. &c., from others.'''

145 ■

1704.

" Ockenden House.
" I had the roof measured ;
the high building was 1

squares and a half; the low
building 41 squares. The
stable 15 squares and a half.

"■^^ss— -^ " Paid for ttto neckloths for Esquire

' ^^^ ^ Goldsmith, 7s. To Frank Virgo, to pay

for a shirt, 6s. '^^tto

" 20th May. Payd Warden for 2 hats for the ^^^
fellows liveries, lis. xsp

" Paid Mr. Heal, the dancing-master, for
one quarter's teaching my daughter,£l Is.Qd.,
after which he went to London for 2 weeks,
and was absent at Christmas for 4 weeks.

" Johanni Burt mente capto dedi tmiicani et fenioralia, et
Mariee ancilla; olim raeie. Is. To Mr. Goldsmith, for shoes,
and to redeem his shfrt, 2s. On the 25th ^^^

of March I payd him in full for his year's j^ ^

wages, and agreed, in the hearing of Nurse, to ___=-^
pay him £4 the next year ; and I gave him """"^^ *^
hopes, if he proved a good husband, to consider him further >
but he several times rambled about all night, was frequently
drunk with brandy, and spent all the money I got for him in
half a year's time, besides his wages.

" Ecclesise Leicestrensi vi turbinis dirutas, dedi 6d.

^* As a proof that it nas the c
persona to provide laooming fii
says Evelyu, " sent me a coniplcl
his m^nilifeiit obsequies, but m

utoni mentianed in note 71, for the relalioiiaof deceased
■ their friends, Mr. Jackson, nephew and heir of Pepys,
! mniu^ing. desiring me to he one to hold up the pall at
' indis]>oeitioji hindered me from doing bini tids last duty,'

JdUHNAI, DV TIMOTHY KURREI,!,

ESQ.

' Pftyd Susan Hawkir

'ear's wajjes, due for attemf^
iincfi OH my daughter, £tO,

" Confoasoribus Oningensibiis, £2 ;'* and to John Coach-
inaD, for the Orange refugees, Is. ; and for his batchelor's tax,
1«, To John Goldsmith, for the Orange refugees, 6d. ; and
towards his (kmask waistcoat, '3s.

" Inccndio doinornm Wappiiigeiisibus depauperatis dedi in
ecclesiii, 2».'*

" July. Pf Jo. Coachman for Fi-ed. French, for help at the
horse-pond, 1*. 6d. To Frank Virgo, to pay for a shirt, 6«.

" For 4 buahcls of LymLngton salt, £1 Ss."

" Nov. Naufragorum viduis et liberis post violentam pro-
cellam ad insitas reductis, dedi £1 1*. ; et Somersetensibus
inundatione maris submersis, Is.'^

" The city of Orange, which had hecn taken, anil Ha walls destroyed, hy Louis XIV, iii
1682, was restored to William the Third by the tremy nf Hyswick; bnl after his ilealb
the French Inok it ngain. and expelled all the Protestant inhabitants, and it vaa for these
nnfortiuiate refugees that the collection was made.

" So frequent were the (ires in London about this time, that a few years later an act
was passed, subjecting servants convicted of having caused a fire by carelessness to a
penalty ofXlOD, and in default of payment, lo eighteen months' imprisonment, with hard
labour. (Northouek's Hist, of London.)

^ The manufacture of salt used to Iw carried on to a great extent at Lymington aud its
naghbourlinod, but latterly it has much decreased. The sum Mr. Burrell paid for this
great necessary of life was enormous, but sufficlentiy to be accounted for by the heavy tax
imposed upon it. In lfi9B the duty was 5*. a bushel, which was afterwards increased to
15*., thirty times the cost of the thing itself. The revenue derived from it, when at its
highest point, amounted to £l,!iOO.OOO, that great corrector of enceesive taxation, the
smn^ler, having stepped in to deffeat its purpose, Mr. Macnlloch calculates the con-
sumption of salt in England, now that it is ^ from duty, at '2Slbs. a head. If thts
calculation be accurate, it is a proof how heavily it must have pressed upon the people ;
and it is another instance to show haw much better things are man^d no\
were in what many persons call " the good old days." This tax was finally repealed
1823. (Maculloch's Diet, of Commerce.)

^ " To the destitute widows and children of those who were shipwrecked in
storm I gave £1, and to the Somersetshire people, who were overwhelmed by
tion of the sea, Is." In this memorable storm, in wliich ten ships of war we!
the Eddystone lighthouse destroyed, the low lands of Somersetshire, on the al
Bristol Channel, were deluged by the breaking of the banks and the irruption of the
whole herds and flocks being swept away. A singular record of this great tempest is
served to this day, by the bequest of a person named Taylor, who (having probaMyJ
experienced some providential escape) left a small sum of money to be paid f<
to be preached every year, on the subject of the storm, at the Baptist Chapel in Little
Wyld-street, in Loudon. The minister has a guinea, the clerk ten shillings, and two pew-
openers 5«. each. The sermon is preached on the Sunday nearest to the 2fith and 27th
of November.

.TOUllNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" Cuidam Brown militi vuberato, Romano Catholico,
dedi Is.

" Payd Heasman for 17 posts, at 5rf. ;
34 rails, at 6rf. ; in all £1 4s. Qd. I was
grossly cheated, being charged 7s. Gd. for
carriage ; he payd back 25. 6d.

" Dec. Pauperibus ex consuetudine, £3 4s. FceminEe par-
turienti, 1.*. T. Burrell febrc qiiotidiana correpto, misi 5s.
Duobus militibus mutilatis apud Gibraltar, Is.

■' Societati pro propaganda religione, £10.**

" Will Gates came to me as footman, at 50«.
per anil. ; he is to have a hat, coat, and breeches
once in two years. If I tiu-o him away the first
year, I am to give him 5*. more, and take his
livery. He died in 1713."^'

With the exception of his sister Goring, who sends him 22
bottles of wine and 2 bottles of brandy, his aristocratic friends
seem to have forgotten him this year. No venison was
sent. The smaller tributes of capons, puUets, pigs, rabbits,
messes of peas and beans, and bunches of turnips were sent
freely by his poorer neighbours. In allusion to this, Mr.
Burrell heads the list with the words of Homer — Joo-ts SoXtyijre
ijitKtjTe — "the gift was small but welcome."

" A bet translation of this is lo be found in the epiwph of the good Earl of Courtenay :
" Wliat me gave, we have ;
What we sjient, we had ;
Wiat we had, we lost."

Gibbon's llitt. of the Coarlenay Family,
*" " To the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts I gave £10."
This society had just received ila charter.

^ The symbol bj which Galea is always accompanied is that of a spade. Id the certi-
ficate of his burial he is called Mr. Buirell's

148 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

1705.

'* May. For 22 quarts of hony, at Is. 6d, the quart, £1 1 5*. 6^^,

" EJ oivov KOI fieXiTog to vvvait^ortpov tjSkttov" ®

LuciAN, Prometheus.

" Frances Goring, neptis ex sorore, hospes venit cum an-
cilla, abiit August. Comwallo et Willo Robrough navigaturis,
dedi 4:8, Nautae cum pedibus inferioribus vi fulnainis e
trans verso distortis, dedi 1*.

'* 10th July. CoUectori Tirrell pro maris immdatione in
Essexia, 10*. dd,

" I paid for 2 ells of cloth to make a smock for my girle, at
5 groates the ell, 3*. 4id. To Mrs. Harrison and Mrs. Sellers,
their bills, £15 18*. 9d. For 28 yards of pmk flowered
satten, at 9*. the yard, £12 12*.®^

" Payd Gosmark for making cyder 1 day, whilst John

fnf% Coachman was to be drunk with the carrier's money,

f Ir ^y agreement ; and I payd 2d. to the glasyer for

4 ^^g^ mending John's casement, broken at night by him

when he was drunk, and could not waken Goldsmith to let

him in.

" For 12 chord of wood, at 9*. Qd. the chord, £5 14*.

" Mariae Robrough et tribus puerulis abeimtibus, dedi
£1 4*. 6d.

" I sold Halford a fat cow, at IQd.
the stone. She weighed 67 stone 61b.,
£4 10*. lOd; 6th quarter, £1 2*. Id.; total,
£5 13*. I sold him a calf, which weighed
114 lbs., at 3d. the lb., £1 7*. 6d

" Dec. 1 0. Rore frigidiusculo inambulando male me habui, at
levi sudore orto spontaneo relevari me sentiebam mane. Deo

® " The sweetest mixture is that of wine and honey."
. ^ This is about the price wliich would be paid in the present day.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BUKRELI., JISQ.

gratias !®* 26th. Doloribus scorbuticis circa tibia ac femora
noctu tentatis per acrem, ut opinor, derepente prEegelidmii
excitatis.

" Jovis Cellingensibus oppidi incendio depauperatis dedi Is.

" A leg of mutton was brought in by Holford's daughter
for 7 lbs., which weighed only (> lbs. Teste Sarah. Watch the
butcher !

" Cuidam Cox Herefordiensi absque brachiis, sed duobus
digitis tantum ex humero naacentibus, qui literas perquam
graphice exaravit, 1«. Gd. Pauperi heruioso et eidem pro
expeiisis in itinere ad Sanct^ Bartholoiutei Noscomimn, 5«.^*

" Shut up two large hogs for fat-
ting ; bought 2 quarters of pease
for them, at 3s. 3d. the bushel.

" Glande sues leeti redeunt, dajit arbuta si

Among the presents received this year, are half a fat buck,
from Henry Gage, Esq. ; the same from Sister Goring, with
4 bottles of brandy, a chees, and a partridge ; from R? Hayler,
two old conies, and some dead muddy carps.

1706.

" 35th March. P? John Coachman, by Ned Virgo, that he
may be drunk aU the Easter week, in part of his wages due,
£1.

"P^ Mr. MiddletoTi my 4th part,
for Gazettes, to this day, 6*. 6</.^'

" Scoto railiti emerito a CoUegio Chelsiensi ut pra; se fert,
at suspicor veritatem, 2*. 6d. Berry erga expensas in ciu'a-
tione brachii fracti lilias sua3, 1*.

"" "Deo. lOlh. I felt unwell in consequence of having walked out in tbe dew when it
was rather cold, but a slight perspiration comiag un, in the morning I found myself reUeved.
Thanka b« to God ! "

** " To a man from Hereford of the name of Cos, who was without arms, but who had
two fingen growing out of hia shoulders, with which he mant^d to write very well, I gave
la. %d. ; and to a poor man who was rtipturedt for himself, and to pay hia expenses on his
wny to St. Barthlomew's Hospital, 5»."

* " The winter comes, and then the falling maat
For greedy swine provides a full repast."

" " At the seat of a man of fortune in (he country the News Letter was impatiently c
pecttd; within a week afler it arrived, it had been thumbed by twenty famihes ;
furnished the squires with matter of talk over their October, and the nrightwuriag n
with topics for ahar|i sermons against Whiggery and Popery." (Macaulay, vol. i, c.

laU JOUUNAL Of TIMOTHY BURBELL, BSQ.

" For n payr of tine scarlet etockuigs for uiy
girle, 3*. 'ITie curtains, quilt, &c. for my
daughter's bed weighed 3 qrs. of a Ib."^*

Received of my brother, P. Burrell, 2 galona
of white port, at 6«. Hd. the galon, and 3 galons
of canary, at 10*.— £1 10*.*^

" Aug. For a pcriwigg for Jolm, 14*. So he has
had in all £6 2*. be/, in full of his year's wages, JB^
and 2«. 5r/. over ; and I gave him notice that I would l ^%
not allow him any longer for the hvery, being worn
two years, since 'twas to be all spent in drunkenness.

" I bought of a Scotchman a payr of pink
scarlet stockings for my girle ; a better penny-
worth than Ricliardson's, on the 15th of July.*"

" Dec. Pauperibus ex consuetudine, £2 10s. Qd. Betty Smith
de Kidlington mente lapsse plane. Is. ; Maynard mente lapsae. Is.
' 13th March. A broom, ^^^^
a new rubbing brush, &c. ^ ^ ^==S3

" Vilibus in scopis, in mappiB. in Ecmbc qiianlns
Consistit sumptus I " "

" 16th. I had 3 dozen of Malmadizia,
a sort of palm wines, from Teueriffe, and
11 galons of white port, drawn off and
bottled. I received from my brother Peter
6 quarts of right canary,
" Fceminse pauperi uxori Socii CMrurgi marini captivi,
apud Edinburgum in Scotia, sed falso et jam in carcere vocato
the Compter, in actione debiti, 1*."

1=T

be leaves the " crimson damuk
k Batten mantle, and tbc white
i to bis dangbter, to his grand-

** In aeodidl tobis will, made after hia dangbter'a deat
aatten nmntle, «itb a broad plate upon it, the white dair
Batten quilt, satten basket, and pincushion," which belonj
daughter, on her marriage or coming of age.

™ In the article of wine oar ancestors had greatly the advantage over ua. Mr. Burrell'B
Port wine coat him about a shilling a bottle, his Canary twenty pence a bottle.

*• Coloured stockings were all (he fashion in those days. Pepys, tliirty-sii jeara before,

having been told by his cousin Turner, that she bad drawn him for her Valentine, says,

" I did this day call at the New Eiehange, and bought her a payr of green silk stockings

and garters, all coming In about 28». ; and I did give them to her this morning."

" " In brooms, and clouts, and such like sordid things.

What money is aiK!nt ! "

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

His sister, Goring, as iisual, sends him ball' a buck and
bottles of brandy ; he receives a Tunbridge egg salver for his
girle, and another sends him as many as 20 lobsters,

" 25th April. jEditicando tcmplo Protestantium in Pala-
tiuatu, 2*. Gd.

" Erga monumcntmn Johannis Raii, Tutoris olira mei apiid
Cantabridgienses, sed colendissimo, £5.^^

" Paid Nanny West her wages in full, due
25th, and more £1 10s. ; paid Sarah Wade 2
years' wages, £5.

™\ " Tor 4 yards and a half of muslen, to make 6

Ji^. night neckcloths for myself, at 3s. a yard, 12,^. id.
^ M I bought 2 surtout coats, of hght gray cloth, at 3s. (id.
[| 11 the yard, for Joe and Will. ^a

" Sturt's crock of butter weighed 8 uaile, 91b. ; ^^
he saith hia wife put up 5 naile, 5 lb. at 3s. 4d. a Ws
naile.

" Nov. 7. Sacra ccena cceptS. vitae melioris ingredi viam
statu!. Nov. 9th. Paulo nimis iratus servulis."^

" Paid for a cart with lodes, £1 18s. ;
for a pair of horse drills, 5s.

" Dec. Pauperibus ex consuetudirie, £3. Viro Hodteycnsi,
cujus uxor aqua perfervida Isesa fuit, Gd. I gave Thos. Warden
3 quarters of an ounce of tea.

" The maltman gave notice that from this
time forward malt would be at 3s. 'id. a pWMM
bushel; for IGIbs. of hops I gave 16*.**

** " Towards a. monument to John Ray, formerly my tutor at Cambrii^e ; a man lo lie
much revered hy rae, £a." This wfts the celeliraled natural philosopher and divine,
whose death had occurred about two years before: he was Fellow and Tutor of Trinity
College, Cambridge. Mr. Peter Courthope, whose name occurs frequently m this Journal.
a relatioD of Mr. Burrell's, was another of his pupils, and, as appears from the short sketch
of his life in the Bii^p^phical Dictionary, was one of the several curious gentlemen who
accompanied him in his journeys through England, when he went " a simpUng."

" " Nov. 7th. Having taken the boly sacrament, I have determined to live a better
course of life. Nov. 9tb. I was rather too irritable witi

"* At all times and in all ages ihc most uncertain of crops. In Itiill he paid only 3i/.
Bib. forlliem.

152 JOCBNAL or TIMOTHY BURBELL, ESQ.

"I paid Mr. Jug for 10
carps, of 1 4 inches, !)«. Shut
up a hog to fat.**

" Jan. Edward Sandridge came to work on the orchard
ide gates, with his boy. 25th was a
wett day, 26th, worked well. 27th, little
i-, work, and no boy ; afternoon, boy.
" Bought of Henry Wood 4 bushels of wheat, at 2*. 6d. i
bushel."*

" Invited at Christmas.

W«ll«r GMland,
G. Stvagt,

Rd. Bun,
Rt. Cliatfidd.

Jo. StUTt,

T. UwinB,
Mrs. Burt,
Mra. Hedg».

* The gentlemen of Sussex sei great store liy thdr carps aiid tenches. Mr. Burrell
tills year makes out a, Ust of hia — is'lien they were put into ttie stew, and when taken ant
— he classifies tbeni as emaU Esh, eizeahle, niidifling', lat^, very large, nohle i
The carp, too, tras a cherished and a costly fish in other connties. Speaking of Swallowfleld,
where Erelyn went in 1685, on a visit to Lady Clarendon, admiring ererytlung, he says :
" Above all, the canals and fishponds, the one fed with a white, the other viith a hlaek
ruimiug water, fed by a quick and swift river, so well and plentifully stored with fish,
that for pike, carp, hream, and tench. I never saw anything approaching it. We had at
every meal carp and pike, of a size Bt for the table of a prince ; and what added to the
delight was, to sec hundreds taken by the drag, out of which, the cook standing by, we
pointed out what we had most mind to, and had a carp thai would have been worth at
London twenty shillings a piece."

* Theaveragepriceof wheal this year was as low as f 1 3». Irf. a quarter; the lowest
price, with one excepljon— namely, 1087, when it was £1 In. ijrf.— Ibal occurred for
lunety-seven years, from 1646 (o 1713. In 1713 11 fell toil 2*. !''■

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURREI.L,

1st January.

PliuntD poUage,^
Calves' head and bacon,

Kg.

Ti ll mm pottage,
Boast beef, sirloin,
Veale, a loin,

Plumm pottage,
Boiled beef, a elod.

Two baked puddings,
Three dishes of minced pics.

Two capons.

Two dishes of tarts.

Two pullets.

KSQ.

Zd January.

Plumm [
Boiled le

Pig,

Plumm pottage,

Boast heef,

Veal, leg, roasted.

Pig.

Pliumn pottage.

Bailed beef, a rump.

Two baked puddings.
Three dishes of minced pies.

"' Minced pies still remain ti
good tliinp, has quite passed a

us, but, alas, for pium porridge 1 which, ]ike many other
ay ; and yet it was a great favourite with our forefathers.

a Hudibras bears witness to iu these lines :

" Rather than fiul, Itey will deny,
That whicli they love most tenderly.
Quarrel with mince-pies, and disparage
Thrar best and dearest friend plum porridge."
Should any of our readers feel disposed to revive this dish, the following receipt, which has
been kindly sent to me, will enable them to make the attempt : " Take of beef-soup made nf
the legs of beef 12 quarts, if you wish it to he particidarly good, add a couple of tongues to
be boiled therdn. Put flue bread, sliced, soaked, and crumbled; raisins of the sun,
currants, and pruonts, two lbs. of each i lemons, nutmegs, mace, and cloves are to be
boiled with it in a muslin bag ; add a quart of red wine, and let this be followed, after half
an hour's boiling, by a pint of sack. Put it into a cool place, and it will keep through
Christmas." This was the great national dish for the happy season of Christmas. There
was yet another, appropriated to a different period, which, though not alluded to in the
Journal, it may not he amiss to notice, particularly as that, too, is fast disappearing —
namely, lirmity. This was made of the com of wheat deprived of its skio, which Vfti
gently boiled, and then were added the yolks of t^gs, with sugar and flour, currants, and
raisins, and grated cinnamon. It was eaten on Mid-Lent or Refreshment Sunday, the
Gospel of that day giving the accaunt of the miracle of the ioaves and fishes, bting con-
sidered as justi^ing the indulgence ; atid it was a great rehef after severe fasting, flimit;
was universally known through Somersetshire, and at Bristol families used to interchange
presents of it. It is still eaten at Oirford on Mid-J,ent Sunday, and the prepared wheat
cannot be procured on any otlier day.

164 JOURNAL OF TIHOTHT BVREELL, ESQ.

" Multa tenem drcumvemuiit lncoinmoda ; vel qnod

QuKiit, et invcntii miter KibKlaet, m timet ati ;

Vel quod ret omnn timide gdideque mmistnt.

Dilator, ape loogtUi iaen, tndiuqiie futmi ;

Diflkilia, quendiu, laudator temporii acti

Se puero,cutigalor censorque minomm.

Multa fertnit aniu Tenientc* commoda ucum,

Multa rccedentea adimuot."" Hoaaci-

" Optima qua^ue die* miaera moftalibm svl

Prima ftigit ; lubeuot morbi, tristiaqoe aentctuB."" Vikcii..

Presents flowed in veiy fireely this year : venison, capons,
wild ducks, woodcocks, pheasants, pigs, a fine pig from Anne
Saxby, a fine pig from Wm. Anscomb, and a very fine pig
from Walter Gauand.

1708.

" I paid Susan Hawkins, for a year's attendance on
my girle, £10; and I paid Nanny West her year's ^^
wages, £2. ^^

" For a bob perriwlg I gave £5.

" May 10. For 12 ells one quarter of holland,
at 5*. 6d., for 6 half shirts, £3 7s.

" I lett Mr. Crunden, the butcher, the White-
man's Green Croft, from Lady-day, for one year,
at 15«. and a shoulder of mutton.

•• A thoDBlud ills the ^ed man surround,

Auxioua in search of wealth, and wheu 'tu found

Fearful to use wh»t the; with fear poaaeaa,

While doubt and dread their faculties depress.

Tond of dela;, the;^ trust in hope no more.

Listless and fretful of the approaching hour ;

Morose, complwning, and with tedious praise.

Severe to ceusure, earnest to advise.

And with old saws the present race chastise.

The blea^ngs flowing on with life's fliU Ude.

Down with our ebb of liffe decreaung glide."

Fbanois's Horaet.
" In youth alone unhappj' mortals live ;

But, ah ! the m^bty blisa is fi^tive ;

Discoloured nckuess, anxious labours come,

And Age and death's miserable doom."

Da,TIIBN.

JOURNAI. OF TIMOTHY BUllRELL, ESQ.

i bushel of white

" 1st June. Bolum ex rhubarbo confectum deglutavi ex
prsescripto Doctoria Whish, pro dolore cohco, sed dolorem in
stomacho talem peperit, quod haustum tincturae sacriB coactus
fui recipere, quis, Deo gratias, requiem mihi aliquantulaiu
dedit.""*

" CaroliuEe Robrough, quae mihi visitandi gratia venit,
dedi £1 2s. Gd.

" Lisbonae in Hibemia combustas dedi Ss. 6(/.,'"' et Johanni
Burt mente lapso indusium Mnteum, 31«., et secundum
2*. 6d.

" My daughter's account.

"I gave her, to buy pins, 10s.; for mantle, pettycote,
silk, scarlet stockings, bought in London, by my sister
Goring, £16 6s.; for 4 ells of hoUand, for shifts, £2 6s. ;
6 yards of printed calico, for a wrapper gown, 17s.; 21
yards of Norwich black and white crape, at 2s. Qd. a yard,
£2 2*. Gd.; 6 yards of Durance scarlet lining, 9s. I gave
her at Den, £1. Spanish leather shoes, 3s., &c. &c. Her
total expenses, besides the waste of 4 payr of shoes, were
£40 IGs. e*/.'"^

" Dee. Pauperibus ex consuetudine, £3 10s.; Ed. ^^,^^
Edwardo restituenti cochleare argenteum super fime- *^^3
turn inventum, Is.; Scholffi Brighthelmstoniensi Tri- ^^^i
viah ex consuetudine et pro dimidio anni, £1. To
John Coachman, for shirts, and to buy him beart's-ease during
the Christmas holidays, £l .

"" " I took a bolus of rhuliarb, from b preacription of Dr. Whish, for the colic, but it
produced Bucb a pain in my stomach that I vras obliged lo take the tint
wbicii, thanks be to God, gave me some relief."

"" In 1707 the caitle and town of Lisbiirn were burned to the ground. The castle wfta
never rebiult, but the town, in which manj of the Huguenot familiea had eatabliahed
themselves after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and in which they carried on a
flourisluiig linen manufactuie, soon rose again oa the ruins of the old town, and, as 1b
always the case where the principte of Ufe in a community 19 strong, in a very improved
conditinn. In auch cases ashes are the best maaure.

"" In these articles the advantage in point of cheapness is all in favour of the present day.
The hoDand for shifts, which cost Mr. Burrell 4G(., could now be purchased for l.'is. ; the
6 yards of printed calico, whieli cost him very nearly 3», a yard, for 60m M. to \2d. a
yard ; and the Nonvieli crajic nould he lUd. instead of 2«. 6rf.

156 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRKLL, ESQ.

" 9th Jan. I invited Mr. Middleton/^^ Mr. WiDy, Mr. Shore,
and Mr. Carpenter, to dinner.

Pease potuge.
2 carps. 2 tench.

Capon. Pullet.
Fried ovstcrs.

•

Baked padding.
Roast leg of mutton.

Apple padding.
Goos.
Tarts. Minced pies.*^

•" Mr. Middleton, the Vicar of Cuckfield, married the sister of the celebrated Dr. Patrick,
first Bishop of Chichester and afterwards Bishop of Ely, and to him, whom in his will he
ralU his patnm and benefactor, he probably was indebted for the living of Cackfield, and
certainly for a prebendal stall at Ely. Mr. Middleton died in 1712. Judging from the
character and spirit of his will, he must have been a good and religious man. It begins
with this solemn preface : — " In the name of God, amen ! First, I commend my soul into
the hands of Jesus Christ, my Lord and dear Redeemer, hoping, through the infinite
mercy of God, and the meritorious death and passion of his Son, and by an unfeigned
£uth in the same, and a true repentance of all mine offences, it shall be conveyed to that
place of rest and refreshment, where good souls waite for the happy resurrection of their
bodies, and a consummation of their bhss in heaven ; and I conmiit my body, after my
decease, to the earth, in firm belief of its re-union with the soul, and joynt salvation and
g^ory in the day of the Lord, and decently to be buried meanwhfle ; and as for the estate
or portion of worldly goods God's good providence hath been pleased to give me, to support
me in my pQgrimage, I bequeath,^' &c. &c. With respect to his funeral he directs, " that
it shall be performed as it was in the case of his wife's funeral, with the exception of those
exorbitant expenses which were then incurred, and of which he greatly disapproved at the
time ; that the provisions should be the same, and the burnt claret or other wine should
be used as then.'' To Mr. Burrell, that worthy gentleman and parishioner, he desires his
executor to send a mourning ring, not exceeding in cost 14«. or lbs., and a pair of gloves ;
and he appoints him one of the trustees of a charity, consisting of a bequest of £30, the
interest of which was to be appUed to the putting to school, under a good schoolmaster,
poor chfldren of the parish, to be taught to read and write, and to be instructed in the
Church Catechism ; and the rest of his property, in proportions of £100 each, he leaves to
the grandchildren of BiBhop Patrick, his only son ; their fiither, being dead ; and to his
nieces living at Taunton, one of whom had married Mr. Coles, the saddler, and who was
to be heard of at John Hughes's, the leather seUer, at the Three Crownes in Newgate
Street, l^;acies of £10 each. He then directs the attention of his executors to three
catalogues which he had left behind him, one the catalogue of his offences, another that of
his afiUctions, the third that of the mercies, both to body and soul, which in God's good
providence, he had experienced : the first two he directs them to destroy, the last he leaves
to their discretion, to publish, if they thought the so doing would tend to advance the
g^ory of God and the good of his fellow-creatures. He was buried according to the
directions in his will, on the right hand of the body of his wife, and, by a singular coin-
cidence, the nearest tablet is that of the vicar who preceded him, Mr. Henshaw, placed
there by his half-brother, Peter Gunning, Bishop, first of Chichester, then of Ely.

^ This is a specimen, selected from others, of a dinner given to a small family party ;
others will follow on a larger scale. Compare this with that model of a small dinner given
by Justice Shallow to Falstaff. *< Some pigeons, Davy ; a couple of short legged hens, a
joint of mutton, and any pretty little tmy kickshaws, tell William Cook."

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHI BURRELL,

157

" Edwardo Luxford, erga suscipiendos Ordines Deconatua,
dedi £1. Wm. Constable tenenti condonavi 5s.'"^

" These are the funeral charges on the interment of my dear
sister Jane Bnrrell, who died on the 16th January, 1708-. To
G. Wood, for crape and worsted for the shroud, £1 6s., and
for making it, 8s. ; for making and nayhng the coffin, £3 2*. ;
for bays to line it, lis., and cloth to cover it, £1 6s. ; for
black crape, hatbands, gloves, 6s. ; favour knots, wine, and
use of pall, £15 Is. To Mr. Middleton, for sermon, £2 ^3.^°^
To the clerk and sexton, for the passing bell and grave, 2s. Gd.
To Mr. Daw, for his biU for charges for commission and pro-
bate of the will, £2 9s. The total expenses were £35 9s. 6d.
She left to Mr. Thos. Burrell and Alex' Burrell £500 each.
To Peter BurreU, £100. To Francis BurreU, a gold watch.
To Peter Short, £5, and to Peter Short's wife, £5. To Edw"
Virgoe, aa her godson, 10*., and as my servant, £1. To my
daughter Elizabeth, 10*. I payd her servant, Mrs. Dorothy
Bridger,'"^ her year's wages, which did not become due till May,
1709, £5, and I paid her her legacy, £3. Mary Chaloner,
£1. Anne West, £1. Mary Tavemer, £l. Will. Gates,
£1. Jo. Lord, £1."

In addition to these bequests, Mrs. Jane BurreU left £10,
to be divided among the poor of the parish, a very common
legacy in those days. The recipients were 112 in number,
who received sums varying from 4s. to 6rf. each ; one of them,
who rejoiced in the curious name of John Eightacres' wife,
receiving Is. ; to Anne Chaloner there was given £l.

In recording the presents received this year he mentions the -
days on which he receives them. Mrs. Shore sends him a
large salt fish ; then follow messes of beans, sugar peas, mul-
lets, wild ducks ; but what is remarkable is the time of the
year when game is sent him, six partridges arrive as early as
the 12th of July, 3 heathpolts on the 29th, a pheasant on the
17th of August, 12 more partridges on the 21st. They were

™ " To Edwaid Luxford, towards his eipenses id titkiag deacon's orders, £1, To iny
tenant, WMam Constable, I remitted it."

™ A funeral sermon wbh quite a matter of course ; I Os. was the price paid by the poor ;
two guineas, as in the present instance, by the rich. The Rev. Giles Moore bought a book
full of funeral semioos in London for a few shillings.

"" Tbis good lady, it seems, soon afterwards quartered beraelf upon Mr. Burrell for an
indefinite perioil.

158 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY DCRBELL, ESQ.

probably taken in nets, with setters, and sent to him alive. ■
It seems that our ancestors ate game all the year round, for
Lady Russell, writing on the 3d of AprQ, 1680, says, "The
mdow and I are going to a partridge and Woburn rabbits." .
Twelve iron cakes for Betty complete the list. ■

1709. 1

" 26th March. Protestantibus in Polouia et Livonia ad
aedificandara ecclesiam, 2a.'*'^ 29th. Paid for all Gazettes,
from January to this day, for my third part, \s. (Sd. ; the whole
being 4«. 6rf.

" Paid John Coachman for a whip to spoil
my horses, la. 6rf.

" Janse Payn vini Lusitanii, 3«. Duobus miHtibus rude
donatis Is. Nautse ab India Occidentah qui duos naves belli-
cosas aufugiens navem suam mercatoriam ad littora appulit
postea per hostes combustam, la. Marco Booth, juveni gene-
roso qm variolis decubuisset, dedi 55.

" Oct. 1 bought 3 bushels of wheat for 16«., and then two
bushels more for 1 7s. The two bushels with the
bag weighed 134 lb. Since that wheat has fallen
to 8*. a bushel. Query, what returned from the
^miller? 1211b. So the toll paid was 13 lb.,
which was reasonable for double toll, which Sturt saith might
have been 16of. the bushel.'"^

"* " For the Protestants in Poland and Lithuania, for the building of their cliurch I
^ve 2«." There wsa s general collection made (m the distressed Protestants in Lithnaaia,
and l^iwards the translation of the Bihie for them, a» early as 1661. In the present
instance, the churcii alluded to was to be built at Mitlau, in Courland.

"" In olden time, when the lord of a manor Lnilt a mill, he made his vassals pay him
toll tor the privilege of grinding their com there; this was called '■ multure." When he
found it more convenient to let the mill, he generally made terras with the tenant, reserving
to himself and his faniQy the privilege of grinding th^ com loll free, '■ Mullura libera,"
as it was called. For his own people, those who.lived within tlie manor, he secured their
grist being groond on the payment of angle toll, whilst the miller was at liberty to ask what
he pleased or what was called double toll of strangers, and probably Mr. II urrell lived out of
the manor in which the mill was situated. It is satisfactory to liud some one at last speaking
well of a miller, a class of men which, from the times of Chaucer, who describes his miller
as one who " well cowde stele com and tollen thries," down to the present day, have been the
subject of gibe and jest. Touching millers, there is a curious old traditionary Sussex story
of one who was known by the name of " The honest miller of Chalvington," and he came to
a bad end; tor falling into poverty, he hanged himself on his own mill post. He was buried
in a cross road, on the borders of the pariah, and an oak stake was driven through bis

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" Dehinc durante annonje earitate elargiri statui pauperibua
ad januam diebua Donimicia eleemosynam captantibus, 12
iibras camia bovinge singulis septimanis, et decern libras
super, in toto 16 libras, et modium frunienti et ^medium
hordei in quatuor septimanis.""

" 24th Oct. Dorothy Bridger venit hospes. . . . abiit , . .'"

" Vena; hsmorrboidalea sanguincm copiosiorem emittebant
absque dolore.

"Nov. Pauperibua Palatinis, £1."^ I paid John Coachman

body. In process of time Ihe stake became a tree, and the spot was haunted bj the miller'a
ghost. Thus far tradition ; liut the curious circumstance connected with this story is, th«t
in the year 1829, close 1« the root of an old hUghted oak which hang across the road near
the haunted spot, soma cottiers, in digpngfor sand, discoyered some human bones, which
were generally admitted to be the remnjnsof " The honest miller of Chalvington."

"" " From this time 1 have resolved, as long as the dearth of provisions continues, to give
to the poor who apply for It at the door on Sundays, twelve pounds of beef every week,
and on the 11th of February 4 lbs. more, in aD IGlbs., and a bushel of wheat and half a
hushel of barley in i weeks." The average price of wheat this year was £3 9*. 9i/. the
quarter, the highest price which occurred in the course of 146 years, namely, from 1649
to 1795. The following year it was as high asjC3 93,, an enormous price, considering the
difference in the value of money.

"' " 24th Oct. Dorothy Bridger came as my guest she went away

"^ Thel^htatory of these Palatinates is curious. Louis XIV, tbe year before, had fallen
iuddeidy upon the Palatinate, and ravaged it with fire and sword. The famine following
upon the havoc, reduced the wretched inhahilanlB to such a state of misery, that they were
ohiiged to fly their comitry, and seek homes wherever they could. Tlie first fl^ht that arrived
in England did not, according to Burnet, exceed flfty Lutherans, who were so effectually
recommended to Prince George of Denmark's chaplain, that the queen was induced to allow
them what does not appear an excess of royal hberality, a ahilling a day, and took care that
they should be sent out and settled in the plantations in America. To use Bumet'a own
words, " Eavished with this good reception," they wrote such an account of things to their
fiiends abroad, that thousands were induced to come over and try their fortunes in Englandi
but these arrived at an unfiirtunate time, when provisions were very dear and com was at
a feraiue price. However, there they were, and they must be supported. A great number
of them were quartered in tents on Blackhcath. Briefe were issued for collecting money
for them, and very large sums were bestowed in charity upon these strangers, much to the
indignation of the English people, who were severely sufifcring themselves. About 500
families were sent to Ireland, and il24,000 was granted for the purposes of settling them
there ; and, query, whether they were not the aneestois of tliose German settlers on the
coast of Weiford, whom recent travellers in Ireland describe as prospering, though sur-
rounded by idle, wretched Irish? Three thousand of them were sent to New York, and
these settled on the Hudson River; hut being ill treated there, they removed f« Pennsylvania,
nhere they were hospitably and kindly received by the Quakers. These formed the nucleus
round which thousands of German and Swiss Protestants have since collected, and amply
have they repaid the ori^nal settlers for their hospitality, by those habits of patient in-
dustry which the Germans import with them wherever they go. In the course of ages thdr
descendants have ill requited the liberality shown to their ancestors when they first

160 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

for Palatines, Is, For tools pretended at Mr. Tydy's sale,
£1 Is. Qd.

" 12th March. The young Sneak's cow lost
her calf. 21st. Middle Sneak's cow calved
a bull calf ; 1 sold it to Morden for 25*. Old
Sneaks calved a cow calf in April.
" I gave my daughter this year 15*. to buy pins. For a
new gowne, pettycotes, &c., £15 2*. 2 pair of Turkey leather
shoes, one yellow and one red, laid with silver, 9*. 6d. To
Venlowe, for stayes, £2 4*. Gave her when she went to
Horsham, £1 10*. Sent her to Higden, 10*. Gave her at
Christmas ^ a guinea. For the materials of Durance scarlet^ ^^
for a wrapping gowne, and the making, £2 3*. Qd,

" My flint glasses and decanters cost 6d, a lb. at
London. I brought from London 2 saltfish, which
weighed 21 lbs. ; one of them was a very bad one.
" Paid Warden's bill for brandy and hose, in part of John
Lord's wages, 19*. 6e?."

His humbler friends and neighbours dined with him as
usual on the 2d and 3d of January, the dinner being very
nearly the same as that before recorded, plum porridge and
mince pies prevailing. The presents this year were 70 in
number. Messes of peas and beans, carrots, radishes and
turnips, &c., from his poorer neighbours. From the richer,
half bucks, a fat goos from one, a sorry gosling from another,
capons, pullets, pigs, bullocks' sweetbreads, &c. &c.

arrived upon our shores, inasmuch, as it is weU understood, these Germans are the authors
and abettors of that system of repudiating their debts, by which so many of our country-
men have suffered.

That such a circiunstance as the arrival of some thousands of needy foreigners in
Enghmd should have excited indignation, under the special circumstances of the case,
among the people, ii natural enough ; but that it should have been taken advantage of by
public men in the way it was, is a strong proof of the violence of party spirit in those
days. The Tories accused the Whigs of intending the overthrow of the church of England,
by the introduction of so large a body of dissenters, and the House of Commons was pre-
vailed upon to pass a vote, declaring those who invited the Palatines over to England to be
the enemies of their queen and country. (Burnet.)

^^ A considerable part of the country through which the Durance flows is celebrated
now for its ** ^toffes de garance," stuffs dyed with madder root, of a fine red or scarlet
colour.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL,

17U),

. Ksq. 101 ^H

" March 26th. Two bushels of wheat whicli 1 sent to John
Sturt the miller, weighed 124 lbs. sack and all; there were
brought back 111 lbs., so that 1 3 lbs. were wanting,

" To John Lord, to buy stockings. Is. Gd. ; tor 2 neck-
cloths, 45. 6d. ; breeches and drink, 5*.

" I payd the saddler for John Coachman falling (f^^
drunk off his box, when he was diiving to Glynde, ^^^
in part of his wages, £1 7*. &d. &=m^

" May 22. Maria Christiana Goring venit, hoapes gi'atissima,
abiit 26 Junii."*

" 2d June. Pro fiinere Jante Payn, £1.

" For the things bought by my sister for my daughter at

London I paid £37 13s. For a scarlet camlet cloake, £3 Qs.

" 25th June. I paid to Nanny West for her wages,

due at Lady day, £1 10*., besides 10#. to Dr. White,

- and 27«. to Fishenden the apothecary,

" 6th Aug, Incepi Doctoris FuUer mc-
thodum infusionis amari et vini stomachici.
" 8th Sept. Incepi methodum Doctoris Cox.
10th Oct, Incepi methodum Doctoris Fuller
novum die Lunee post meridiem.'"
" Anne Chaloner, virgini vetalte inopi, filite nutricis mese,
dedi 28. Gd.''^

Ill " May 22il. Maria Christiana Goring came, a most welcome gi'est ; she went away the
2Gth of Juae." This lady, whose visit gave him so much pleasure, died a few years later.
She letl him a legacy of £50, which, however, by hia will, lie remitted to her brother. Sir
C. Goring, giving him £250 besides, in consideration of the large portion he had received
with his wife. Sir C. Goring'a sister.

Ill rr Q„ ^]^g g,ij of /^ng_ I ])gg^a Doctor l^dter'B system of bitter infusion and stomacliic
wine. On the 8lh of Sept. I tried that of Dr. Cox, On the lltb of Oct. I began a
new systGni of Dr. Fuller's, on Monday, after 12 o'clock in the forenoon." It appears
from old prescriptions, that great importance was often attached by our fbrcfathars to the
particular time of the day when they took their medicines.

'" " To Anne Chaloner, an old maid and poor, the daughter of my uurse, I gave2«. 6d."
In the Cuckfield r^ter there is this notice of her burial : " Aane Chaloner was buried Iba
llilh Jan. 1722. A maiden of 90 years and upwards."

Ill, 11

162 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" The carrier brought me 4 gallons of red Porto wine,

J 6 bottles of Canary, and 7 bottles of claret. There
pl was agam brought me 4 gallons of red Porto wine ;
^m and on the 14th January, another vessel of pale red
Porto wine, 4 gallons. ^^^
" Nov. Bought of Richardson 2 yards and 3 nails of coarse
muslin, at 4d. per yard, for turnover cravats for winter, 9*. 6d,
*'Allano Parsons, virtute scripti Edwardi Luxford, misi
£2, debitum in Martii mense. Ant. Huggett decoctori,
i/emv aeicovTv he Ovfuo^ dedi 6*.^^® Captivis et naufragium
passis, £1.

" Thom. Burrell dedi tunicam laneam dupUcatam et £1, et
Janae Luxford tuniculam laneam 5^. ; Johanni Burt mente
capto dedi tunicam et femoraUa e lana confecta, 11^. 6d.

" Pauperibus ex consuetudine, dedi £3 ; et ut credo aliquid
aliud. For poor tax, £1 2^.^^^

"Paid W. Gates his year's wages, due at
Lady day, £3 10*. ; and Mary Chaloner two
years' wages, due 1st April, £5."

The presents this year were of the usual sort ; a brace of
partridges arrived on the 30th of July ; but there was no
venison. The dinner party at Christmas much as usual as to
the guests and the fare.

1711.

" April. I paid the miller for 6 bushels of wheat, £1 10^.
" I invited Sir John Shaw, Mr. Dodson, Mr. Shore and
wife, to dinner.

"7 The Methuen treaty, entered into between England and Portugal in 1703, which
was considered in those days a masterpiece of poUcy, though a very different opinion is
now formed respecting it, by which the wines of Portugal were admitted into this country
on payment of only two thirds of the duty to which the wines of France were subject, was
now producing its full effect in making us a port-drinking people. Claret and sack, before
this period, were the prevailing wines. In the course of the Rev. Giles Moore's Diary,
which includes the period between 1655 and 1672, these are the only wines mentioned ;
port is not alluded to.

^^ '' To Allan Parsons, in consequence of a letter from Edward Luxford, I sent £2,
due to him in the month of March; and to Anthony Huggett, a bankrupt, * voluntarily,
but with no willing mind,' I gave 5«. To shipwrecked sailors, captives, £1.'' These pro-
bably were our sailors shipwrecked on the coast of Afrioa, and made slaves of by the
Algerines.

*^ His poor tax had doubled in the course of 25 years. In 1686 he only paid lis.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTUr BUBRELL, DSQ.

■' Dinner.

A Saup taketi otf,

Two large carps, at the upper end.

Pidgeon pie, salad, veal ollaves,

Leg of mutton, and cutlets, at the lower end.

Three rosted chickens,

Scotcii pancakes, tarta, Bsparagug,

Three green gees, at the lower end.

1 n the room of the chii^kens removed.

Four Bouccd mackarel.

Raspis in cream at the upper end.

Calves'-fbot jelly, liriei) sweetmeats, calves'-foot jelly.

Flummery, Savoj cakes,

Imperial cream, at the lower end.

" June. I had 26 load of hay off
my land, and I paid the hayers
£2 8s. ; the mowers £1 4s. 3rf., at
20d. an acre.'^"

" A bushel of wheat, which I got of Giles Brown, weighed
661b.; I sent it to the miller, and 21b., that is to say, a
quart, was taken for toll: another bushel weighed 721b.
N^ote. The leather meal sack weighed 6Ib.'^'

" My two servants' liveries cost £6 6s. ; their laced hats,
£1 Is. Gd.

" 9th Junii. Tmiicam nigram laneam cum iudusiis et femo-
ralibus dedi Thos. Liixford. Pcemina;, pauperi asdificand*
casulum apud Fletching, lis.; Jacobi Holford, uxori puer-
peree, 5s. ; et pro emdienda filia Chatfield, Jante Bodenhara,
marito Hawkins, £6. To Susan Hawkins, for attendance
on my daughter, for two years, £20.

" For bushels of salt, at 5s. 4d. the bushel, £1 12s.

" Aug. I gave my daughter, going to Danny, £2. ; and
on her going to Comb, £1 5s. I sent her to Highden,
2 guineas.

" I paid Mrs. Harrison and Mrs. Selby, for mantua, petti-
cotes, stockings, linen hood, gloves and aprons, £40 9*.

"" Wages had been graduaDy creeping up in the course of 50 years ; Giles Moore, in
1659, paid his mowers 16if. an acre.

'^' The average price of wheat this year was £2 a quarter. Fine as the wheat is which
finds its way into Horsham Market, such a weight as 721bs. a bushel is uot known in
Ijie presetit day. It may have heen the Windsor bushel, of 9 gallons, of nbich he speaks.

164 JOURNAL or TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

" Captivis de Belisle et Dinant, 1^. ; aliis captivis de
Dinant, l*.^^^

" 3d Dec. I received the first Gazette from the postmaster.
" Pauperibus ex consuetudine, £3 10^.

The presents he received this year were more than 70 in
nimaber, including 2 fine salt fish from a Mrs. Carrington ;
Mrs. Stone sends some grass butter to Betty ; Sir Robt.
Fagge half a buck and shoulder ; partridges ^^ arrive in
the middle of June ; others send him a vast carp, 150 roches,

*^ Mr. Burrell repeatedly gives money to these prisoners from Dinant ; who they
were I have not been able to ascertain : they were, probably, our soldiers made prisoners
of war by the French, and who had been detained at that place and at Belisle.

^ It is curious to trace the course of legislature in England, with respect to game,
particularly as to the periods when it was lawful to take it ; and it is clear from the old
statutes, that the English were always a preserving and a poaching people. The following
preamble to the first statute on record, that of Henry VII, c. 17, passed 350 years ago,
entitled, an " Act against the taking of Fesants and Partridges,'^ is conceived quite in the
spirit of our own times. '* Item, for as much as divers persons, having little substance
to live upon, use many times as well by nets, snares, and other engines, to take and
destroy feasants and partridges, upon the lordships, manors, and tenements o{ divers
owners or possessioners of the same, without license, consent, or agreement of the same,
by which they leese not only their pleasure and disport that they, their friends, and their
servants should have about hunting, hawking, and taking of the same, but they also leese
the profit and avaU that by that occasion should grow to the household, to the great hurt
of all lords and gentlemen, and others having great livelihood within this realme." Then
follow the penalties. The next in order is an " Act for the Preservation of Pheasants and
Partridges," passed in 1581, which states, " Whereas the game of pheasants and partridges
is within these few years past in manner utterly decayed and destroyed in all parts of this
realm, by means of such as take them with nets, snares, and other engines and devices, as
well by day as by night ; and also by such as do use hawking in the beginning of harvest,
before the young pheasants and partridges be of any bigness, to the great spoil and hurt
of com and grass then growing ; be it enacted, no one shall take a pheasant or partridge
after the first day of April." The penalty for such offence was 20«. for a pheasant, and
10«. for a partridge, or one month's imprisonment. The next limitation of time took place
in 1761. By the 2 Geo. Ill, c. 19, the time for taking partridges was fixed between the
12th of February and Ist of September; that for taking pheasants, as it is at present,
between the 1st of February and the 1st of October ; and the 30 Geo. Ill, c. 34, passed in
1799, placed the killing of partridges, between the Ist of September and the Ist of Fe-
bruary. There was an Act, the 13 Geo. Ill, 1779, fixing the periods when black game
and grouse might be killed, which is curious as determining the time when the bustard,
a bird which has now totally disappeared, might not be killed, namely, between the 1st of
March and the Ist of September.

With respect to venison, it would be endless to enter into an account of the laws for the
preservation of deer. Suffice it to say, that without meaning any reflection upon Mr.
Burrell or his friends, it seems clear from the following passage frt)m an old writer on

JOCHNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

half a saumon ; Mrs. Shore and Edward Virgo send his
daughter a coffee-mill, tatters (query), and iron cakes.

1712.
" Janse Mathews apud saeram synaxiti. Is. ; Willo Bond,
prodigo incarcerato, 6s. ; Rapley ad aynajtin, Is.''^*

" For half a gross of corks, of a cork-cutter from ^M flffl
Southwark, at 18rf. per gross, 9d. M W

— - " June. To a poor-tax, £1 2s. ; for 6

X^^^^ month's tax, due at Lady-day, £2 2*. ; for

^RmESx^ money, £600, £2 85. P'' for 2 years' window
r^^^^^^*^^^ tax, £2 10*.

" July. Dedi Marise Mackarel, abeunti a Cuckfield, ciuu vir
ejus exuebatur officio excisi, 2*, Qd.

" I paid the saddler, for plasters, ointment, pec- ^^yfe
torals, pm'ges, for John Lord's head, eyes, wrist, i=X=J»^
knee, foot, and lung, 14*. llrf.'^' WC/

" I gave James Eapley, when he helped Gosmarke mowing,
as an encouragement, 25. 6d.

" Captivis apud Tez dedi £1 . Incarceratis captivis a.
Jamaica, Is.''^* Paupcribus ex consuetudine, £3 ; et aliquid

forest lans, that bd long as they got their Tenison, our ancestors were not very pniticuloi
whence it came, lie says, " Badceus reporteth this old tene of vetiisoa^ —
' Non est inquirenduni undo venit venison,
Nam si forte fiirto sit sola fides sufficet.' "
Which he quaintly Iranslntes thus —

" Venison cometli,
It is not to be inquired from whence ;
For if by chance it stolen bee,
A good heliefe suiliceth thee."

Manwood'8 Trealinf oh Forest Laim.
'<'» " To Jane Mathews, at the holy communion, I gave Is. ; to Willy Bond, a spendthrift,
who had got into gaol, 5». ; lo Rapley, for the communion, 1«."

'^ The fall and the saddler together were fatal (o the coachioan ; he died in a fen
moDlhs, and was buried the 4th August, iri2.

■^ " To the captives at Fe;! I gave £\. ; to the imprisoned captives &om Jamaica, I»."
The fate of Christian slaves taken by the Barhary corsau^, naturally enough esciled the
intense sympathy of onr forefathers ; and whilst many a sincere prayer was offered up lo
the Lord to " show his pity upon all prisoners and captives," large suras were auhscrihed
and liberal beqtiests made for their redemption fivm slavery. Whether they took tiie wisest
course to put an end to the practice of piracy by so doing is another question. The si
left for this purpose became, in after ages, a luhJBct of mucli embarrass ment ai

JOl'RNAL OF TIMOTHI BUBEELL, ESQ.

aliud. Ui-ai) aurifabris uxor! Zelott'pse, et ea de causa mente
lapsfe sed losciva; ut accepi postea, 6d.

" The smoky cow, bought of Gatland,
for £4 15#., calved a cow calf, a stout
calf."

Among the presents of this year Jo. Hurst sends him a
noble dish of trouts ; from others he receives a poor leveret, a
leveret bruised, a fine goos, a noble hare, 13 pigeons; and
Mrs. Dodson sends him a nomber of oatcakes. Besides his
usual Christmas dinner parties, he invites several of his poorer
neighbours to dine with him on Sundays. Several dinner
parties are recorded ; among others, the followiog is no bad
specimen of a bill of fare, when Mr. Shaw, Jlr. Sergison
and family, Mr. Dodson, Mr. Shore and his wife, dined
with him. i

The tint cue in which thia ipedo of cbarity hu been aHnded to (which hu been UimIIt' '

communicated lo me), occurs in the 43d of Elizabeth, where it is ennmeniteil among tbe
msiif others which bud been aboKd, and which called ibr inquii; and refana. The neit
in point of date on record was that of a Lady Mico : in the year 1670 she gaveamoiety of
jG2000 lowarda the redemptian of poor Hlavea, directing her executors lo dispose of the
yearly interest of that Bum, as they thought best, to redeem some yearly. The piracy
which caused this legacy in proceas of time ceased, and this £1000, left quietly to accD-
mulate, in the year 1837 bad swelled into ;eil6,510. Tbe scheme ultimately arranged by
the Court of Chancery for Ihe diapoaal of thb lai^ ftind was, that it should be placed
under the man^^ment of trustees, three of whom are lo he appointed by the Colonial
Secretary, and the income is applied to the promotion of education in the British Colonies-
Lady Russell, writing in IGSR, mentions "the noble legacy of £3000, left by Sir W.
Coven&y," lo the same purpose. No one beems to know anjihiug about this money; and
no doubt the Charity Cominissionera would be glad lo be informed upon the point, and
put upon the scent. In the year 1728 another bequest was made, which occasioned iofimte
trouble. A Mr. Betton left his properly la the Ironmongers Company, in trust, that
half of it should be applied to the redemption of British slaves in Turkey and Barbmy, and
a fourth part lo the promotion of Church education in the schools in the parishes of
London and ils suburbs. In 1810 tbe sum apphcable lo Ihe redemption of slaves
amounted lo £100,000, 3 per cents., besides as annual income of more than £1000 a
year. As there were no slaves, it was decided by tbe Court of Chancery that the income
should be applied to the promotion of charity schools in England and Wales, but that n<
should recdve more than £20, a stipulation which has in effect very much neutralized the
whole benefit of the charity.

With respect (o the captives from Jammea, it is not very clear who they were ; it is vei^
possible they may have been the remnant of those who, in 1634, were taken by a Monsieur
Da Casse, the governor of Hispaniola, who in that year landed on the island with a con-
siderable force, ravaged with great cruelty the settlement, and, though ultimately defeated,
carrieil off wilh lum a great IhwIv and a considerable n\iml)er of p '

JOURNAL OP TIMOTHl DURRKI.L, KSQ. lt)7

A peue pottggc, which beiug (akea off,

A haunch of venison.

Salad.

LemoD puddiug on one side. Scotch coUops on the other.

Leg of mutton, rost.

Cutlets at lower end.

Two large chickenB, rotted.
Scotch pancakes. Kidney pica.

Gooseberry tart.
Fried plaice.
Haiipis in cream jeUie. Imperial creaui.
Flummery. Plain cream-
Codlings.

" Pauperibus ex consuetudine £3, et aliquid aliud, et quo-
tidie lUtra parocliianis, militibus mancis, egentibus, rude
donatis, mentis et aliis . . . ." ^^'

" Paid Sharp for shoes, and for mending John Lord's, 10s.
To G. Virgoe, for 3 shirt clothes for liim, 15s., and for making
the shirts. Is. Gd.

1713.

" March 25th. I made an allowance of £80 per annum to
my daughter.^''^

" 7th April. P" Rapley his half year's wages, due at Lady
day, £2 5«. I gave him more, los.

" 18th May. I paid to Sister Goring for bills for her,
£50 13s. For setting the diamonds, £7. I gave her going
to Comb, £5, and to Highden, £5. For cards, 5*. more. To
Venlowe for stayes,^^^ £5 19s. Her total expenses were
£89 15s. 7rf.

^„^ " 7th April. I bought a chees weighing IS lbs. for
fl'lS 2f rf. the lb. It was all eaten in the kitchen by the
^^SS^ 18th.

■* "To the poor, according to custom, £Z, and something more, and daily, beyond this,
to parishioners, wounded soldiers and eailora, poor creatures, jiensiouers, and others, I
don't know how much."

'^ Hia daughter was married to Mr. Trevor on the 2d of February, 1715. She died in
about two years, leaving one daughter. The exact lime of her death is Dot a8<«rtaiiied, as
there is no record of her burial, either at Cuckfield or at (Itynde. Mr. Trevor, who aAer-
warda became Lord Trevor, survived her many years.

'^ A museum of female armour and costume is still a desideratum. Were there sach,
we should probably have seen such a specimen as tliis highly embroidered. It was very
costly, as compared with its present price, which I am credibly informed would he about £3.

168

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

Sept. 19th. Maria Dodson venit hospes futiirus, abiit 3rd
Nov., 7 weeks.

" 10th Oct. Pandoxavi quinque cados cere-
visisB fortis.^^®

" 13th Oct. P Curtis for 12 dozen of candles,
£3 11^. ; for 10 dozen of soap, £1 10^. His
receipt : ' Rec<*. of Mr. Timothy Burrell, Esq,, the
snme of five pounds and won shillen, in full for 12
doz° of candls, and 10 dozen of soap.
Edw. Curtis.' "

> >>

As this year was the last in which any account is given of
his Christmas dinners, the list of his guests, and the bill of
fare are inserted.

"Invited at Christmas, 1711.

Mr. Stabley, Ux. abs. ,

-ll

Mrs. Bnrt,

Chas. Savage, Ux, abs.,

^*^y V — ^

Thos. Canon,

W. Gatland, Ux. abs.,

Edw. Virgoe,

Rd. Burt,

Jo. Hurst,

J. Warden, Ux. abs..

Thos. Warden, Ux. abs..

Jo. start,

Rd.Crunden,

Wm. Banester,

Rd. Virgoe, Ux. abs..

Thos. Gates,

W. West,

Wm. Heasman,

Mrs. Mathers, abs.,

Thos. Ives,

Mrs. Luxford. abs.,

Thos. U'wins,

James Stone,

Wm. Aynscombe,

WiU. Hedger,

Mrs. Langford,

Jo. Chatfield.

^ " 10th Oct. I brewed 5 casks of stnmg ale."

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BCRRELL, ESQ.

'"^- ^

■ 4.h^ua^.

Plumia breath, '^
Leg of mutton boUed,

■^^ Plunim broath.
ApiB.

Two capons,
Hog's chine rosted,

Mutton pasty,
Ahaie.

A pig,

Eiimp airloin roat lieef,

Agooa,
Plunim broath.

A pig,
Agoos,

Plunun broath,
Kunip of beef.

Rib of roat beef,

Agoos,

Leg of mutton rosted,

Clod of beef boiled,

Plumm broath.

Two baked puddings,
Three dishes of minced pies.

Two baked puddings,
Three dislies of minced pies

Two dishes of tarts, j
Two pullets, |i^
Two rabbets. I

^ Two pullets,

' Twodishcsnf tarts.'"^'

In future his humbler friends were invited in parties of
two or three on Sundays. Among many other good things
sent him are — 10 large carp, a noble trout, half a buck, a
haunch of venison, a side of poor venison from Mr. Spence,
a pyke 3 feet and half long, 6 dozen of wheat-ears, 20
whitings, &c. &c.

1714.

"March 25th. I paid the maltman for
10 bushels of malt, at 3*. 6rf. the bushel,
£1 15*.

" 26tb. I bought of Gatland at Sotheram, a coach-horse,
five years old, for £16. Blind !

'3' Such hospitalitiea as these, when, at the jojous season of Christmas, the rich and
poor met socially timber, were probably common in those days. It is certain that they
were exercised by Evelyn at Wootton, for on the 26th Dec. 1656, he says ; " I invited
some of my neighbours and tenants, according to cuatoiti, and to preserve hospitality and
charily." The cnstoin has Men into disuse; and thus another bond of h^ipy union,
connecting the different classes of society, has liecn broken.

170 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

^^ "April 9th. Paid Rapley his year's wages, £5.^^^
^^vN For 8 gallons of white wine, I payd £2 8*., and for
^ the vessel, 2^.

" To Wat Chaloner for materials for making J. Bennett's
livery coat, waistcoat, and breeches, with a laced hat, £3 5^.
For a lb. of loaf sugar I paid 1^. 4^.^^^

"I paid Nanny West her year's wages due 25th
March, and 5*. over, £2 5^.

" Paid Mr. Walter half a year's rent for Sandboumes,
£4 10^.^3^

The presents this year fell off sadly, both in quantity and
quaUty ; they do not exceed 31 in number — a partridge
arrives early in July, 4 more in August from Mrs. Sergison,
and Mrs. Lyddell sends him erysipelas medicine.

1715.

" 24th June. By Jo. Dyke I paid James Rapley's
wages, from 4th April to the 25th July, after his death,
£1 13^. M,

"11th Aug. I paid Mary Cook her year's wages,
£2 15^.^35

"For 18 ells, at 7*. %d. the ell, for whole shirts,
I gave £3 10^.

^ Warned by the fall and fate of his old coachman, Mr. Burrell evidently had con-
verted Ms successor into a postilion.

^ The finest loaf sugar may now be bought for 6<f. or Id. a pound. " In 1662/' says
Giles Moore, " I gave to Mr. Lysle's wife, at whose house I lodged, a sugar loafe of 4 lb.,
and an ounce of the best double-refined sugar, costing 7«." The sugar loaf seems to have
been a usual complimentary present in those days. Take, for instance, the six sugar
loaves presented by the dean and chapter, as a matter of course, to the judges of assize at
Salisbury ; and the pair which were sent by Sir John Croke to Sir M. Hale, at Aylesbury,
and which the worthy judge indignantly returned. (Lord Campbell, Life of Sir M. Hale.)

^ The Sandboumes are in extent between thirteen and fourteen acres, the present rental
of which is now £2 an acre, or about three times as much as in the days of Mr. Burrell ;
and this is probably a fair exponent of the difference of rent generally at these respective
periods.

^^ In the course of 30 years there had been a slight, but very slight, increase in ser-
vant's wages. In 1686 he paid his cook 50«. a year.

JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRKLL, ESQ.

This year the only presents recorded are seven in number
— a dish of asparagus, 2 rabbets, cherries, carrotts, a goose,
8 lemons, and a fat goose.

" St. James's Day.
"25th July, 1715.
" I gave over housekeeping, and my son-in-law Trevor
began to keep house the day and year above written."

For the two years and a half during which Mr. Burrell
survived this arrangement, which proved to be an unhappy
one, the notices in his Journal are very scanty. He mentions
some few, but probably very few (only seven in number), of
the presents which he received in 1715; and an increased,
though not a large number, in the following year. The last
entry in his book occurs only a fortnight before his death, on
the 10th of December, 1717, and is accompanied by a drawing
of a hog shut up to fatten, which, without the context, no one
would imagine was intended to represent that animal. He
died on the 26th December, 1717, aged 75; and it would
seem, from the following inscription on his monument in
Cucktield church, raised to his memory by his brothers,
Walter and Peter Burrell, that the loss of his daughter
hastened his end.

JusU sepoltuB est

TIMOTHEUS BURHELL,

CujuE natalea

ViciDa iudicont mannora,

Virtulem, mgeniam,

NuUa.

Ad JurisprndentiiE laudem,

Accessit Optdmamm Artium studium ;

AdjuuTiit humaiutatis cultum.

Totua profiiit,

Totus delectavit.

Unicain proleia EIizal;ctham ;

At multamm iuslar,

Incertun! ui riTam constantius amRvit,

An iJeflinctam aeerhius flevit.

Certe tBjite calamiiatia diu non aupecfuit.

Obtit die 26 Decembris, anno salutis, 1717.

172 JOURNAL OF TIMOTHY BURRELL, ESQ.

Neither his friends, his servants, nor the poor of the parish,
were forgotten in his will. To Sir Charles Goring he left
£250, and, as before stated, remitted the £50 which had been
left to him by his sister, Christiana Goring ; and to Emma
ComwaUis, the sister of Sir Job Charlton, £300, in considera-
tion of the considerable portions which he had received with
his first two wives. To Peter Burrell he left £250, to
each of his other brothers £100 ; and to his nephew, Timothy,
the sum of £20 a year, to be paid to him during his residence
at the University, and to be continued to him till he obtained
some preferment worth at least £30 a year — a proof of the
cheapness of an University education, and the moderate
views of emolument of the clergy in those days.^^® To
his infant grand-daughter he seems to have transferred much
of that affection which he felt for her mother. Besides his
estates he mentions a number of small matters, which he
leaves to her on her marriage or her coming of age ; among
others those which he evidently much prized, " his rare silver
plate," and " his curious collection of gold coins." To his old
secretary, Edward Virgoe, he leaves £100; to Anne West,
£20; and to Susan Hawkins £10 a year, so long as she
continues a widow. To the £30 bequeathed by Mr. Middleton,
for educating poor children he adds £20 more ; and he gives
£100 to be laid out in the purchase of land, the interest to be
apphed for the distribution of bread among 6 poor persons of
the parish.

** " Parson Adams/' says Fielding, about 1740, " at the age of fifty was provided with
a handsome income of £23 a year, which/' adds the author, " he could not make any
great figure with, because he lived in a dear county, and was a little encumbered with a
wife and six children."

EBRATA.

P. 122, 1. 13, for Vinabo, read Vinall.

128, 16, for Sir Chris. Lewis, read Sir C. Levins.
136, 1. 4 from bottom, for or bucking, read a bucking.
149, II, for Sanctse, read Sancti.

ON THE

MILITARY EARTHWORKS OF THE SOUTHDOWNS^

WITH A MORE ENLARGED ACCOUNT OF CISSBURY,
BY THE REV. EDWARD TIXBNEK.

(aSAD AT THB BKIOHTON MBETINO, AFBII,, 1849.)

The MUitary Earthworks, wliicb are occasionally met with
in traveraing the Southdowns, and which are probably con-
nected with an early, if not the very earliest known history
of the county, stand prominently forward to invite the con-
sideration and inquiry of the Sussex Archaeologist, I call
these Eartliworks military, because, though a few of them
miffht have been, and I am disposed to think were, of Druidical
origin, the generally received opinion is, that the greater part
of them were formed for the purposes of military encampment
and fortification.

Of these earthworks, some are situated on the northern
ridge of the Downs ; no doubt as places of refiige and defence
against invaders, from what is now called " the Weald " of
Sussex ; others occur more to the south, being obviously so
placed as a protection against hostile attacks from the sea coast ;
while two or three are to be found in situations about midway
between these two ; probably as additional places of retreat,
or as links of communication.

Viewed in a military light, these earthworks are precisely
in the position, in which we shoxdd expect to find them. For
not only are they so arranged as to form a regular chain of
hill forts ; but their situation, on some of the most prominent
eminences of these Downs, naturally affords not only aU the
requisites for military observation, but also the strongest points
of defence, that couJd well be met with on these chalk bills.

With regard to those found on some of the most northern
elevations of the Downs ; we have, beginning at the western

174 MILITARY EARTHWORKS OF

extremity of the county, the earthworks of Heyshot, near
Midhurst, which measure in circuit about half a mile. Next
occur those of Chenkbury, near Steyning, the area inclosed by
which is about two fiu-longs in diameter. Then those of the
Devil's Dyke near Poynings, the ramparts of which are about
a mile in circumference. Then those of Wolstanbury, a pro-
jecting hiU immediately above Hurstperpoint, the area of which
is about a furlong in diameter. Then those of Ditchling HiD,
the ramparts of which measure about 60 rods by 50. Th&
old via, up the northern face of the Downs, which must have
been formed at a very early period, as an approach to this
earthwork from the Weald, still exists, except the lower part,
destroyed by the formation of a chalk-pit. Much of it is veiy
deeply cut, the earth being thrown out so as to form a very
bold and secure vallum on the north side of it. Its width at
the bottom is about four feet. About half way up the hill this
via tiuTis off to the west in a most remarkable manner, and
after being carried round a lofty mound formed by the earth,
heaped up in the centre, during the process of its formation,
comes into the direct via again, about twenty yards higher up.
And, lastly, occur the earthworks of Mount Caubum, above
Ringmer, which, though they are scarcely three furlongs in
circumference, are constnicted with a double vallum, the outer
being broader and deeper than the inner, and having its in-
most rampart rising very bold and Idgh. Near to this, on the
same hill, is another earthwork of much larger dimensions, the
outhnes of the ramparts of which are now very faintly to be
traced, but of which enough remains to enable us to discover
what was its original structure and shape.

With regard to those earthworks situated on the southern
eminences towards the sea coast, we have, commencing from
the west, first, the earthworks of the Broil, near Chichester,
which are constructed as an additional outer fortification to
this city, on the north side, at that time the most accessible,
and consequently most open to attack. The form is that of
two sides of a square, each side being a mile in length. Next
are those of Highdown HOI, in JFerring (omitting for the pre-
sent those of Burpham, near Arundel), the area of which
measures 300 by about 180 feet. Then those of Cissbury,
near Findon, wUch are by far the largest and most striking of

THE 80LTHD0WNS. 175

these earthworks, a more particular description and history of
which I shall presently give. Then those of White Hawk HiU,
above Brighton, which have a triple vallum. Of this many
parts were levelled by the formation of the Brighton race-
course, at the southern extremity of which it was unfortunately
situated, but of which a suificiency stiU remains to show its
form, and that it inclosed an area of about five acres, the
outermost trench of this earthwork being about three quarters
of a mile in circumference. Then come those of the Castle
Hill at Newhaven, which inclose an area of about six acres ;
and those of the Castle at Seaford, which are situated on a hiU
opposite to this, and which inclose an area of about twelve
acres. There is also a similar earthwork on a luU near to
Birhng Gap, inclosing a high and also isolated portion of the
chff, the circumference of which measures about three quarters
of a mde. There are also two earthworks in the parish of
Telscombe, which, though they are at present in a very im-
perfect state, appear to have been once strongly fortified, each
containing from twelve to fifteen acres.

Of the intermediate range, we have the earthworks of
Chilgrove and Bowhill, the former of small dimensions, but
having a very distinct double vallum ; the latter much larger,
and on the apex of a very prominent hill, inclosing an area of
about fifteen acres. Near to these, but on ihe opposite side
of the valley of Smgleton, are the earthworks of the Trundle,
above Goodwood, the diameter of the area of which is about
two furlongs, and which has a double vallum. The last are
those of HoDingbury Castle, which are situated about midway
between Ditchhng and White Hawk Hill, on the old road from
Ditchhng to Brighton, which is erroneously supposed to be a
Roman road. This earthwork is, in many respects, very
similar to that of the Trundle, having a double vallum, the
ramparts of which are thrown up very high. The area in-
closed is about six acres.

There is also a hill rising immediately above the valley of
the Anm at North Stoke, still called Caiup HO, upon the
summit of which may be faintly traced the remains of an
ancient earthwork, the greater part of which has been levelled
by the plough. This is supposed to have been connected with
the extensive mOitary vallations in the adjoining parish of

176 MILITARY EARTHWORKS OF

Burpham, to which 1 have already alluded, and which app(
to me to belong to a range evidently constructed for the
fence of the valleys of the tide rivers, by the intervention
which the continuous line of the Downs is occasionally brokeqj
Those of Newhaven and Seaford may be considered as fallii
under this class.

The remains of earthworks also exist at Selsey, close to the
churchyard, and at Hardham, near Pulborough, the former of
which is circular and the latter square. That at Hardham is
considered to be the exact " ad decimam" point on the Roman
via from Regnimi to Dorking. But of these I shall not say
more, my subject confining me to the ancient earthworks of
the Downs.

The hOls on which these earthworks are placed are elevated.
very considerably above the ordinary level of the Downs, and
are from 600 to 900 feet above the level of the sea.

The portae of these fortified posts are, for the most part,
still very distinctly to be traced. Those on the northern ridge
of the Downs are on the east, west, and south ; those on the
southern ridge, on the east, west, and north sides. The situa-
tion of the portse in the intermediate range differs in all.
Those of Bowhill are to the east, west, and south ; and those
of the Trundle to the east, west, and north ; while those of
Holhngbury, differing from all the others, are double to the
east and west, and single on the south sides, the double portse
being about fifty-five yards from each other.

"With regard to the date of these earthworks, it is, like their
history generally, involved in much uncert-ainty. But little is
known on this important point beyond what we are enabled to
gather from their sliape, or perhaps their names. Tacitus
describes the British under Caractacus as occupying fortified
posts on high hOls ; and he tells us farther, that wherever this
general found these eminences easy of access, he blocked up
the posts with dry walls.' (V. Annal. lib. xii, ch. 33.) This,,
then, is the earliest allusion we have to these ancient for-'
tresses. No instance, however, of this kind of wall occura.^
on any part of the Southdowus. Probably, in the absence.

' The dry masonry of the aadfat British fortress on a bill aliove W^eaton-snper-Mare 1
Somersetshire, coraraQniy called "WorleHill," is an instance of this kiiirlof defence. Ai
llie slonea on Sasonhiuy Hill the remains of an ancient British fortress of this sort ?

I
I

THF, SOUTHDOWKS.

of stoHe, ramparts of earth may have been substituted
them. We know that the fortifications of the ancient Britons
were circular, or aa near to that shape as the circumstances
their particular locality admitted. To them, then, we attribute
the earthworks of the hill above Chilgrove ; of the Trundle ;
of Heyshot ; of Chenkbury ; of Cissbury ; of Highdown Hill,
as far as we can judge of its form, this being one of the most
irregular earthworks on the IJowns ; of Wolstaubury ; of
Hoilingbnry -^ of Whitehawk Hill ; of Cauburn ; as well as
those of Newhaven, Seaford, and Birhng Gap. We also know,
that the fortified encampments of the Romans were square -^
to them, then, we attribute the construction of those situated
at the Brod, and on Ditchling Hill ; and also the southern
fortification on Mount Cauburn, as well as that of Telscombe,
which are now, or which were originally, square, but the form
of some of which has been altered, by the angles having been
rounded off at a later period, probably by the Saxons, after
they fell into their possession ; for I incline myself to the
opinion, that neither the Saxons nor the Danes originated any
earthworks in this country. The attacks of the Danes were
generally by predatory incursion, and they seldom left their
ships long ; and as to the Saxons, they availed themselves of
those already formed to their hands, altering the shape of such
as were not in accordance with their habits. And hence
arises the difiicidty of speaking with any degree of certainty
on the date of some of these eailhworks, judging from their
shape alone.

But this does not a])ply to Cissbury, a description of which
remarkable and interestmg fort I shall now proceed to give,
noting atthe same time some errors which nistorians, both
ancient aiid modern, have fallen into in the accounts given
of it.

Even at this distant period, its present aspect shows it to
have undergone but little change ; and on this account much
of the difficidty which presents itself in investigating others,

' This earthnoTk bas hitheno been represcDted aa square, but by a very carefol
admeasuremeat and inepcclion, I am able to prnnounce its sbape to be decidedly circular.

^ For au account of the mode by nliich tbe Rumaus fortified their encampnientB, b; mcau
of stout slakes fised as ou the top of the agger, v. Procopius. In fanning a ditch across
tbe encampment at Hardham, some of the parts of these ^isadcs which hod been driven
into llie ground were discovered, blackeiialliv age,

TM. li

177 ^B

for ^1

tons ^H

s of ^^

178 MILITARY KARTHWORKS OP

from the alteration wLich time and circumatances liave wrought
in them, is in this case thus removed.

This extensive earthwork incloses an area of about sixty
acres, and has a single vallum, varying in depth from eight to
twelve feet, according to the nature of the apex of the hill, the
oval shape of which it necessarily follows, and a rampart of
considerable width and height. The approaches to it were by
roads formed on the east, soutli, and north sides of this hill.
Of these, that on the south side, towards the sea coast, was the
principal means of access, the road ninning to the east being,
as I shall presently show, apparently a pass to the Roman
station at Lancing ; and that to the north intended to connect
this point with the eai-thwork at Chenkbury, from which it is
distant about two miles, and with the Weald. The different
passes through the entrenchment connected with these roads
are stiU very perfect.

I shall now proceed to notice some of the misrepreseutations
connected Tt'ith the history of this Hill Fort, to which I have
already aUuded ; and first of that connected with its nam
" Cissbnry."

Camden asserts this name to have been obtained from Cissi
the second in succession of the Une of South Saxon Kingi
"Hard by," says that generally accurate antiquary and tow
grapher, speaking, in his ' Britannia,' of Offington, of whic^
estate Cissbury is parcel, " hard by there is a fort compassec
about with a bank rudely cast up ; wherewith the inhabitant!
are persuaded that Caesar entrenched and fortified his campi
but Cissbury, the name of the place, doth plainly shew am
testify that it was the work of Cissa," Rapin followed t'
opinion of Camden.

That Cissbury might have been occupied by Cissa, durinai
some period of his unusually long reign, seems very probablea
and that, from some cause or other not recorded, it receive*"
from him its present name, appears hkely. The sound seem
as Camden says, to guarantee the fact ; but that it i
built or fortified by Cissa, is altogether a mistake ; there being,S
abundant evidence of its existence some centuries before tlw
time of Cissa.

In proof of this, I need only refer to the evidence which itm
still bears of Roman occupation. In the centre of the fort the

THE SOUTHDOWN S.

foundations of a prjetorium are still to be traced under the soil
in a very dry season ; and to the east it was ap])arently
connected by a road with the important Roman station, dis-
covered in the year 1828, on Lancing Down, abont two miles
from Cissbury. This Way, a considerable portion of which is
now to be seen, is, much of it, fortified by a rampart on the
north side of it. For though it is supposed to have been
constructed for the express purpose of a coramunieation with
the wells of Applesham (from which place alone, as far as we
can at present judge, water in sufficient quantity could have
been obtained for the use of the fort), still Applesham could
not well have been reached, without passing Lancing Hill. It
appears then very probable, that for the purpose of secmring a
sufficient supply from this source, the Roman Prtetor abandoned
Cissbury, and took up his station on Lancing Hill : the remains
of a tesselated pavement and other relics of a superior kind,
discovered on this hill, plainly showing that it was not the
station of ttc explorator of the district, as has been supposed,
but a praetorian villa.

To this evidence of the Roman occupation of Cissbury we
may add the fact of many Roman coins, and some Roman
pottery of a very curious kind, having been found in the garden
and paddock of Mr. Wyatt, at the foot of the hill ; and also
the remarkable circumstance of about three quarters of an
acre of land, sloping immediately from about the centre of the
south side of the fosse, and sheltered on the east and west
sides by rising hUls, being called within the memory of per-
sons now living " the Vineyard," a spot which must strike
every one visiting this interesting locality as peculiarly well
adapted to the cidture of the vine, which the Romans are sup-
posed to have first introduced into this country. I am well
aware that tliis is a disputed point, and will refer those who
wish for iarther information upon it to the papers of Pegge
and Daines Barrington, which are to be found in some of the
early numbers of the ' Archaeologia.' This, connected with
Cissbury, is, I believe, the only instance of the name being
retained in Sussex. In Worcestershire it is by no means mi-
common for fields in the immediate vicinity of Roman stations
to be called " the Vines," or " the Vineyards."

180

MILITARY EARTHIVOBKK OF

So far, then, we have, Itliiiik, satisfactory proof of Cissbury
Iiaving bet'Ti occiipicd as a Roman station some centuries
before the time of Cissa.

In deterraiuing that it was not of Roman formation, but of
much eai'lier date, and therefore that tlic tradition of the in-
habitants of tlie neighboiurhood of Cissbiuy. to which Camden
alludes, is altogether erroneous, I need only refer to the cir-
cumstance, tliat we have no historical evidence to show that
Csesar hbnself, or any part of the army which, during his
sojourn in this country, he personally commanded, were at any
time witliin the Hmits of this county. But in addition to this,
we have the fact of the circular shape of this earthwork, which
determines it not to have been of Roman construction. Nor
is there the slightest reason for supposing, that the form of
the vallum and agger were ever different from what they now
are. I have examined the whole with the greatest minuteness,
and have been unable to discover the shghtest trace of
Saxon alteration. It must then have been of ancient British
formation ; and happily there is much both of internal and ex-
ternal evidence, to support us Ln arriving at such a conclusion.

For, in the first place, on the western slope of the area
inclosed by the vallum there are a considerable munber of
excavations, at the distance of about twelve feet from each
other, the outermost of which appear in some measure to
range in a line with the vallum ; but the innermost to be
placed irregularly, lliese excavations are all of them circular,
but differ much in their size, varying in diameter from twelve
to about twenty-five feet at the surface, and varying also in
their depth.

That they were not intended as reservoirs for water, as has
been conjectured, and wliich at first a casual observer might
imagine to have been the case, their position in the fort, as
well as the situation of this fort upon the summit of a high
chalk hill, at once eoovinces us. That they were intimately
connected with the first formation of the fort itself is very
evident ; but to what purpose were they originally apphed ?
Cartwright, in the very brief description which he gives of this
interesting relic of antiquity, suggests that they were the " site
of rude hiits ; and this circumstance," he adds, " and the

THE SOUTHUOWNS.

appearance of burnt bones and fragments of vessels of un-
baked clay, which have been found in the neighbourhood, are
considered as indications of ancient Uritish origin."

It is trae, we learn from the earliest writers on Britain, that
the habitations of its first inhabitants were huts, covered
sometimes with skins, at other times with branches of trees
or turf; and that where the dryness of the situation would
admit of it, the dwellings which they so protected from the
inclemency of the weather, were holes only, made in the
ground, and so arranged as to be near each other, the whole
bemg protected by a slight embankment of earth. Still this
description will not apply, as they cannot be called slight
embankments. What then were they ? No doubt "Ponds,"
or as Dr. Stukely called them, " Dishbarrows" — those " holy,
consecrated recesses," as Governor Pownal calls them, formed
for the special purpose of forwarding the celebration of the
religious ceremonies of the ancient Britons, during their
sojourn in these hill forts.* Barrows of the same kind, but
much fewer in number, are to be fomid within the incloaures
of the Trundle, Wolstonbury, and Hollingbury, and in the
immediate neighboiu^hood of others.

Upon the whole, then, there can, I think, be no doubt that
Cissbury is an ancient British fortress, and that I have rightly
placed it in that class. The subsequent Roman occupation
probably arose from the defeat and dispossession of its earlier
possessors, as the result of some of the conflicts which took
place during their hostile excursions from the great forest of
Anderida, which was their stronghold, or perhaps after the
reduction of the provmce of the Regni, and the submission of
Cogidunus to the Roman sway, under Vespasian.

As to the probable period of Cissa's connection with this
fort, Sussex, we know, was one of the most inconsiderable of
the kingdoms forming the Saxon heptarchy. From the Saxon
annals we learn, that Ella was its first king ; that upon the
decline of the power of Hengist, having been invited to this
country, he landed with three of his sons, of whom Cissa was
the youngest, in the year 476, at Cyinenshorc, supposed to
be Wittering, near Chichester ; that after many struggles,

' Oil the north asd auuth sides of Stouehenge, just within Che vbUusi,
holes similar to tlioao at Cissburr.

182

MILITARY KARTIIWORKS OF

attended with varied success and much bloodshed, he auccei
in driving the Britons back into the great Forest, till, in the
year 491, having determined to aimihilate them, he laid siege
to Andredcester, probably Pevensey ; and not succeeding
hie operations against it, he immediately assumed the title
king of Sussex.

In this war Cissa is supposed, as one of his father's generals,
to have possessed himself of Cissbury, during his march east-
wards, from Cymenshore to Anderida. But if dates are to be
depended upon at this early and uncertain period, this could
not have been the case ; nor, indeed, could he have then held
command in his father's army. According to the best histo-
rical evidences, Cissa succeeded his father in the kingdom of
Sussex ui the yeai- 514, and is recorded to have held the
kingdom 75, or, as Stow says, 76 years. Had he then been
no more than a year old when he accompanied his father toi
this country (which was not very likely to be the case, for ia
a warhke expedition, why should Ella have enciunbered him^
self with the charge of a mere infant), he must, at his death,
have attained the age of 116 years ; and if we make him old
enough to command an army at that time, his age at Ms de-
cease must have been patriarchal indeed ! There can, how-
ever, be no doubt that incorrect dates have involved this
interesting epoch in the history of our county in mi
confnsion .

As, then, Cissa's connection with Cissbury must have
at some later period of his hfe, 1 would suggest, that, ha'
succeeded his father in the sovereignty of Sussex, he
lished himself, as we know, in the western part of it ; ai
finding Chichester aheady fortified to his hands, he made
the capital of his new dynasty, changing its name firo]
Regnum to Cissan Ceaster. Cissa's was a peaceful reigi
Disgusted, probably, with war and all its attendant horrors,
from what he must have witnessed when young, he ap]
to have yielded without opposition when hostilely
upon by neighbouring powers. The views of the Saxons,
like those of the Romans, tended more to an extension
power, than to the increase of the blessings of civilized life ;
and it is not to be wondered at, that of the military doings
of the South Saxons, during the reign of Cissa and his imme-

THE SOUTHDOWNS.

diate successors, beyond the fact of their being confined
principally to the defensive, we know nothing. But tliis
sufficient for our purpose. Por this it was that led him
thoroughly to repair the fortifications of Chichester, that he
said by Camden and others to have rebuilt it. And as this
would be his western stronghold, so Gissbury would offer an
eligible post, already strongly fortified both by nature and
by art, as a place of defence towards the centre ; commanding
an uninterrupted view of the coast from Beachy Head to
Selsey BiU, and also of the Portus Adurni of the Romans,
from which foreign invasion was most to be dreaded. And
having adopted this as a military fort, he would naturally
give his own name to it, as, upon taking possession of
Regnum, he had done to that fortified city.

One word in conclusion, on those earthworks to which I
have alluded as, in my opinion, possessing strong claims to be
considered of Druidical origin. I refer to the earthworks of
Cauburn and Whitehawk Hill, Others may have possessed
similar pretensions, and more particularly Hollingbury, in
the vallum, and within the inclosure of which portions of
Druidical stones are BtOl to be found; and at the southern-
most of its two most western portse, the remains of an up-
light stone of this kind still stands, projecting a httle above
the sod, precisely in the position of the two stones at the
entrance of the passage of the vallum at Stonehenge. The
greater part of them are circular — a circle being the ancient
hieroglyphic for the Deity, The discovery by Dr. Mantell of ■
several ancient British remains on the lull, where the fort is
situated, may also be adduced as indicating its origin. A
similar remark may be made as to the Trundle, within the
inclosure of which I can personally testify that fragments of
ancient British pottery have been exposed to view, wherever
the turf is i-emovcd from the surface.

Moimt Caubuni, however, appears to me to possess all the
retjuisites of places of Druidical worship. It is constructed
with a double vallum, corresponding with the double row of
stones at Stonehenge ; and the mound of earth thrown up
within the ramparts corresponds precisely with the Gorseddau,
or sacred liillock, fi'om which the Diiuds of the higher order

nfined ^H
liis ^H

lim so ^H

184 MILITARY EARTHWORKS.

were accustonied to pronounce their decrees, and to deKver
their orations to the people. The naiue, too, of Caubum is
Druidical, being a comiption of Cambraiih, which, as the
Rev. Mr. Vernon Harcoiirt observes, is still the name of a
hill in Ca(»marvonshire, and Carnbrea the designation of a
hill in Cornwall, on both of which are situated undoubted
Druidical remains. If this earthwork had been constructed
for military puq>oses " only, why should another earthwork
have been formed for a similar piu^>ose close to it ?

The earthwork of AVhitehawk Hill has now been, in a
great measure, levelled ; or else, previous to the formation of
the Brighton racecourse, this, with its triple agger, inclosed
a hillock of a similar kind. The name, too, like that of
Caubum, bespeaks its Dniidical appropriation ; it being pro-
bably derived from " wied ac," a holy oak ; and the name
Brighthelmstonc being supiK)sed by some to he derived fix^m
the contiguity of a town to a sacred hill.

While I am uix)n the subject of the Druidical names of
earthworks, I will mention, that Hollingbury is supposed to
take its name from " holi buri," a sacred mount. But this
earthwork is without the hillock, unless a small mound,
having the appearance of an ancient British barrow, and
standing within the entrenchments, can be considered as
such.

'.n

J .

• , . S 3 ^ S 'I'

s -5 s s -^ s 1 « y

t ^

^«^l

I
I

CLUNIAC PRIORY OF ST. PANCRAS, AT LEWES,
ITS PRIORS AND MONKS.

BY W, H. BLAAXJW, ESQ.

" Ltt gcnte che per 1i sepolcri giace,
Potrebbesi veier ? gia son levati
Tutti i coperchi, e nessun giiardia face."

Dantk, Inf. n

The accompanying ground plan of the site of Lewes Priory,
due to the care and acciu-acy of Mr. Johu Parsons, at the
time of the railway excavations in 1845-0, will interest the
members of the Society, as recording the position of the
graves found, and the traces of buildings before unknown,
and now eiFaced, which are generally supposed to denote the
chapter house and the church,'

When the London workmen were puUing down the church
in 1538) the commissioner Portinari,* put its dimensions, in
a rough way, on record, as a giude to estimate the value of its
stone and lead, not at aU from any love or comprehension of its
architecture, and accordingly his account is not very inteUigible.

" A vaute on the ryghte syde of the hyghe altar, that was
borne up with fower great pillars, having about it 5 (pillars,

' For a delniled report of the diacoverieH made, see Mr. M. A. Lower's papers in Hie
Journal of Archsol. Assoc., vol. i, p. 346; and vol. ii, p. 10-1. See also Illiietrated
London News, Nov. 1845.

' On the origiiiHl MS. s^ed " John Portioari" (Cott. MS. Cleop., E. iv) is a note bj a
Ma hand, " this is Richard Morjson's Land, as appeareth by a letter in another book,"
and Mr. Wr^ht adopts this in his ' Suppreslion of the Monasteries ;' there are indeed,
in Cotton MSS., Nero B, vi, and Cleop.E.vi, several letters in Latin, EngUsh, and Italian,
written by R. Moryson to Lord Crumvrell, as his " most honoured patron, and most boun-
tiful Mscenas," dat«d from Venice and Padua, in some of which there is a resemblance
to the scrawling writing of Portinari's letter, while others are in a small clear hand j hut
it is not at all unprobable that the writer was a descendant of that Portinari, whom
Philip de Commines mentions as one of the wealthiest ftdors of the Mcdid in Plandera
and England in the 15th centur}'. " lln autre ay vu nomni^ et appele Thomas Portunaiy,
estre pleige enlrele dit roy Edouard (IV) et leDuc Charles de Bnnrgogne, pour cinquante
mille ecus, et un autre fois en un lieu pour quatre vlngt mille." I ain Indebted to Col.
Daviea for pmnting out tlus notice.

186 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

ertued in ms.) cliappelles," may have been a semicircular
vault closing the east end of the choir, as seen on the plan,
if we suppose Portinari looking to the north. Conceiving the
entire church to have been cnicifonn, and certainly to have
had aisles, we must distribute the twenty-four pillars " stand-
ing equdly from the walles," he speaks of (10 feet dia-
meter, and 18 feet high) some in the choir, some in the
transepts, and the remainder in the nave. " The churche is
in lengthe cl fote. The heygthe Ixiii fote." Probably the
"churche" here means the nave only, as being 150 feet; for
the subordinate church of Castle Acre was 90 feet nave, and
136 feet choir (including Lady Chapel) = 226 feet in all ; and
Thetford, another Cluniac priory of similar date, was 121 feet
nave, and 127 feet choir =248 feet in all. Probably this had
been rebuilt in the style of the 13th century, as we know the
two western towers were, to the support of which we may
assign four larger pillars, 14 feet diameter. The other
"fower thicke and grosse pillars" bare up the central bell
tower, which seems to have been 93 feet high inside, " with
an highe rouf, vautej' (erased in vis.), and 105 outside.

The choir and its apsidal terminations may have retained
much of the Norman style of its original construction. The
space on the south of the choir may have been a side chapel
of St. Pancras, corresponding to that of the Holy Cross,
which we know was on the north side. These two side
chapels with apsidal terminations exactly correspond in form
and situation with those of the Cluniac churches of Castle
Acre and of Thetford, in Norfolk, where there was also ori-
ginally an apsidal east end.^ The apartment opening into the
south transept was paved with encaustic tiles, and had its
walls painted ; the occurrence within it of a well, 22 feet deep,
may perhaps indicate its use as a baptistry or a vestry. The
chapter house, though its form cannot be well determined (that
of Thetford was rectangular, 37 feet by 27 feet 8 inches), seems
sufficiently proved by the position of the numerous graves
symmetrically arranged there, including those of the founders.

The leaden buU of Pope Clement VI (1342-52), found
under a skull, may mark the spot (8 on the Plan) where John,
the last and least worthy of the Earls de Warrenne lay,

3 For an interesting account of recent excavations there, by H. Harrod, Esq., see
vol. ill, p. 105, of Norfolk Archaeol. Soc.

ST. PANCRAS, LEWE!

whose excommunication by the archbishop may have needed
the neutrahzing effects of a papal brief of absolution,

A very few years before destruction was let loose upon
church, a stately herald, Benolte, who held the office of
Clarenceux from 1516 to 1534, drily noted down in his Visita-
tion book the proud monuments which he saw there, raised over
what were then fondly beheved to be the resting-places for
ever of the great and noble. His description is indeed full of
gross blunders as to Earl flaraeline's pedigree and the three
Earls Richard (for heralds and even kings-at-arms, may some-
times be in the wrong) ; but, in spite of his errors, the
testimony of the herald is worth having, as that of one of
the latest calm eye-witnesses of the monuments in their per-
fection, with no foreboding of the speedy approach of Portinari's
" 3 carpenters, 2 smythes, 2 plummars, and one that kepith
the fornace," and undisturbed by the faintest dream of a
railway.

*' Williain, the fiiste Erie Waryne and Surrey, fiirste founder of the howse
of Sayat pancraae, aasituate within the towne of lewya, in the countye of
Suaaes, wiche Willyam and GoEdrede his wyffe lieth buryede in the Chapjtre
of the aame howae, wich Gondrede was dawghter unto Wiiljani the Conqueror ;
also in the same place adjoynyng unto hia father lyeth biuyede WyUyam his
sone, and hys wyffe; item, in the aame place lyes Willyam the fourthe Erie
of Waryne, and Mawld his wyile, daTight«r to the Erie of Arundel. Item,
in the same howse lycthe Hamelyne hrother unto King Edwarde (Smiry) the
seconde and Erie of Waiyne hy marynge IsabeU dawghter to Willyam the
in"' Erie Waryne. Item more, in the same plac« lyes Eiehard the fyrst
(gmmd) Erie of that name Erie of Anmdell and Surrye, next whom lyeth in
another tomhe Alionora the bister (daughter) of Henry Duke of Lancaster.
Under a playne stone adjoynyng to the said thombes lyea John (drowned 1379)
son to Eiehard the second Erie of Arundell and Sunye and Philippe hia
seconde wjffe, dowghter to Edmonde Erie of Marche (Philippa wo* second
wife to the third Marl Richard) ; and next nnto the sayd John lyea Wyllym
(di^ 1366) Bone to Eiehard Erie of Arundell and of Surrey, second (third) of
that name, and Elizabeth his wyffe, dowghter to Lord Wyl howne (William
Bohwn) Erie of Northe Hampton."j

We know, from Prior Anncell's book (/. 106), that there
are grave omissions in the herald's list, even of important
members of the founders' family ; the Countess Ahce, half-
sister of Henry HI, lay before the high altar, in a marble
tomb, carved with a dragon ; her son WiUiam, so untimely
killed inl296,atatoumament,and his widow Joanna, also lay

' The Bhovc eitrttct from s MS. in the College of Amis, iniirkoil D 13, was kinflly
cnmninnicateil l)v WniUm Courthopc, Esq., Itougc Craix.

187 ■

;eded ^|

a the V

I
I

' 188 CLUNIAC PBIOBT,

^Vl8!

^H before the high altar, iu raised tombs ; and their sod JoIid,

^H the last Earl, lay singly (solus) near the great altar ; the

^H third Earl Richard and his first wife lying before the high

^H altar on the south side; George Nevill, Lord Burgavenny,

^^ who died 1492, was buried by the side of the altar, where

be had previously erected his own tomb, of which a smaU

metaUie bull's head, his crest, was the only fragment found

in 1845.

Tliree anniversaries in honour of the founders and other
benefactors, were kept at the priory, the third day in Lent,
Maunday Thursday, and Pentecost, on which day doles were
distributed to the poor.

One pecuUarity iu the construction of the walls yet remain-
ing of the conventual building, is worth notice, as not often
occurring in other ancient buildings, and as not sufficiently
explained. Their middle thickness is perforated by hollow
passages about six inches square, and smoothed oii the inner
surface, as if formed by a mould, ninning through the whole
length, and apparently commimtcating with each other. They
may have been merely intended to save materials in the con-
struction, or to admit a draught of air to dry the massive
walls ; but they may also have served for the ventilation of
the apartments, or for the flow of warm air, or even for the
conveyance of the voice from one part to another of these
extensive buildings.

The large area of the walled inclosuxe {nearly 30 acres)
afforded ample space, not only for the residence of numerous
monks, but also for farm purposes j and, in dry seasons, the
site of a large cruciform pigeon-house may still be traced in
the lower ground. Whether the monks, however, were nu-
merous, is doubtful, for the prior had no authority to admit
novices into the community ; and the visits of the Abbot of
Cluny, to whom the privilege was reserved, were uncertain and
(mfrequent. The abuses arising from this are strongly pointed
out in a petition presented to the Parliament at Winchester,
in 1330, in which it is stated, that in the Cluniac convents in
England there was not a third of the proper number of
monks provided for by the foimders, and that the revenues
were wrongfully shared among the smaller number; that
there were not above twenty monks regularly professed,
while some had belonged to the order for forty years with-

ST. PANCRAS, LEWES.

out profession. Such a state of things would have reahzed
Dante's sarcasm on the scarcity of good monks, that
cloth would furnish them aU with hoods."

" Le pecore son bL poche

Che le CBppe foniisce poco panno." Par. li. 132.

The petition observes that Parliament had ordained, apparently
without effect, " that the Prior of Lewes sKoidd be an abbot to
make professed monks within their own domains," without the
necessity of their going abroad, to their disgrace and loss.

" Ce fiit des ordonances ordine en parlement pur le ordre de Cluny, ke kj
fiit priur de Lewes dust etre lui abbe pur fere les moyiies profes en lui terre
deymeine, et oyr et determiner les pleynts en lur terre, ke ons no usent megter
le passer la mere at estre huny e perdu." (Eteyneri App., p. 147, Dugd. Mon. v,
preface.)

One year was the usual time of probation for novices in
other orders, when they were admitted to profess, on present-
ing the following petition :

" SiE, — I have been here now this twelve months near hand, and loved beGod,
me likes right well both the order and the company, whereupon I beseeeh you
and all the company of heaven, that ye will receive me into my profession at
my twelvemonth day, according to my petycion, which I made when I was first
received here amongst you." (Monast. 1, xsvi.)

We may well imagine how anxiously the Cluniac novices
desired to be relieved from their probationary state, when we
know the strict discipline enforced upon them. An authentic
account of the customs observed in the latter half of the 11th
century at Cluny, is given by Udalric, a monk there, to
"William, the Abbot of Spires. (Spicileg. Achery, 1, 640.)
Many of the regulations are excellent. Each monk was to
take his timi in the kitchen, cooking, however, only the beans
and herbs permitted, and to keep the pota and pans clean
and bright ; to grease {ungere calceos) his own shoes at a fixed
hour, to make his own bed ; to comb his hair and wash his
hands and face in the cloisters, with the use of three towels
there placed ; where also, in divided troughs, he was to wash
his own clothes. He was always to pidl his frock up in
front, so that his feet might be well seen ; and, when stand-
ing in the presence of the abbot, his feet were to be kept
steadily even, and not alternately spread out (Imheat pedes
eequaliter cowpomtos, nunqimm ah rnvicem inter sfandum

189 ■

ilized H

little ■

190 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

divaricatos), with his head bent down (deniisao), being liable
to correction if the head was ever seen erect. He was, more-
over, never to call anything his own, except his father and
mother, to whom alone he was to apply the word my, using
the pronoun our to everything else.

In clothing, also, whUc other Orders gave their brethren a
regular allowance of two suits a year, there was no rule
among the Cluniacs, except to replace garments when they
were worn out {nisi cum fuerint inveterata alia tribuantur),

A novice, however, was subjected additionally to the gall-
ing restriction of " perpetual silence in the chiuch, the dor-
mitory, the refectory, and the kitchen ;" and for one word
spoken, even reciting an Antiphone or Responsoriiun from
their service, imless the book was actually before him, he was
not easily forgiven (non facile veniam absque jiidicio meretur).

Dante has graphically set before us the solemn gait of the
silent monks of his day :

" Tacit i soli e sanza compagnia

N'andavam Tun dinanzi e Taltro dopo,

Come i frati minor vanno per via." Inf. xxiii, 1.

A systetn of signs became a necessary substitute for the
loss of the distinctive privilege of man ; and it must have
cost the novice some time and trouble of memory to learn the
full code of manual signals, by which alone he could explain
his meaning or obtain his food. Some specimens of the
authorized gestures may be introduced ; and when the fingers
of a company of novices were in full play using them, the ap-
pearance must have been more that of a modem school for deaf
and dumb, or of the ward of a lunatic asylum, than of a reli-
gious establishment. These signs, however, were thought so
perfect, that John, a monk, in his life of S. Odo, enthusiasti-
cally praises them, as sufficient to signify all things necessary,
if the use of the tongue were lost. (Martene de Vit. Monach.,
iv, 288.)

" For bread, make a circle with the two thumbs and forefingers, because
bread is usually round — for lye bread, commonly called a tart (panis sigali
vulgo turta), the same sign as for bread, and add a cross on the palm, because
that sort is usually cut into 4 — ^for the tartlet (tortula) given out extra on 5
feasts, place two fingers a little apart obliquely on the two similar fingers of
the other hand — ^for beans, place the first joint of the thumb erect on the end of
the next finger — ^for eggs, imitate a continued pecking the shell with one finger
on another — for fish, imitate the motion of a fish's tail in water — for eel, shut

ST. PANC'RAS, LEWES.

Up both hands — for lamprey, imitate tlie ride holss in its head
your cheek— for salmon or sturgeon, add to the sign for fiah the thumb of
your closed hand to the chin, by which pride is signified, because such are
especially proud and rich — for cheese, join both hands obliquely, as if pressing
cheese — for honey, put your tongue out a little way, and pretend to liok your
fingers (poulisper iiaguam fac apparere, et digitos applica quasi lamhere velis) —
for mOk, press the little finger on the lips, beeau9« an infant so sucks (ita sugit
infaus)— for cherries, put the finger under the eye — for raw onions, press the
finger on the mouth a little open, on account of that sort of smell— for water,
join aE the fingers together, and move them obliquely — for wine, bend the
finger and put it to the -Upa — for mustard (sinapis), put the thumb on the first
joint of the little finger — for vinegar, rub the throat (guttur), because its sharp-
ness is there felt — for a plate, spread out the hand — for a cup (scyphus) of
the daily allowance, bend the hand into a hollow with fingers rather bent — for
a glass, besides the last sign, put two fingers round the eyes, to signify the
brightness of glass — for shirts (staminefc) hold the sleeve with the three
smallest fingers — for breeches (femoralia), draw the hand up from the thigh, as
if putting them on — for shoes, turn one finger round another, like one who
binds his shoes with a strap — for thread, s similar sign, adding one, as if you
wished to put the thread through the eye of a needle — ^for a comb, pass three
fingers through the hair, like one combing — for the prior, pretend to hold a
be3 with two fingers, and to ring it — for a monk, hold the head of the cowl
(capellum cuculke) — for an ass-driver, place the band near the ear, and move
it as an ass does its ear — for sign of not knowing (nesciendi), wipe the lips with
the finger upright — for lying (mentieiidi), draw the finger withni the bps — for
a book, move the hand as if turning over a leaf;" there was added to this
general sign others to describe the particular book, one for each species of
aervice-book, such as " for the psalter, place the tips of the fingers with the
hand hollow upon the head, in the Ukeness of David's crown." The discou-
ragement of any classical learning is curiously illustrated by the sign given
" for a secular book, which any Pagan may have written, scratch the ear with
a finger, as a dog usually docs with its foot when at play, because infidels are
not undeservedly compared to such an animal."

The curious reader will observe in these signs traces of
obsolete manners and thoughts, which are not without in-
terest ; but such elaborate contrivances to avoid the sin of
using the divine gift of speech, if continued during several
years, owing to the non-arrival of the abbot, however adapted
to make the novices adepts in palmistry, may account readily
for the complaints to Parliament of the Prior of Lewes having
no authority to admit them into brotherhood.

To compensate for the privation of their tongue, the Abbot
Peter, in the 12th century, recommended the novices to keep
their hands in activity, and manufacture combs, and, " with
well instructed foot to tnm needle cases, hollow out wine
vessels {pisilcteE) " and if near any marshy place, of which

192 CLl'NUC PKIOHT,

tliere was no lack near Lewes, to weave the reeds into
baskets or " mats, on whieh they might sleep, and wMcb
they might bedew with daily tears, and wear out with fre-
quent kneeling before God." (Bib. Clirn. in Maitlaud's Dark
Ages, p. 452.)

The household of the prior was arranged on a full scale,
and we find among the frequent witnesses to the charters of
tlie conunimity a succession of sub-priors, seneschals, cham-
berlains, mareshals, porters, butlers {dapi/eri), and cooks.
The most formidable officer, however, in the convent must
have been the circnitor, or circa, as he was called. The death
of one of these in 1297 ie recorded as an important event in
the Lewes clironicle. The friar appointed to this duty was
expressly enjoined to roam about the monastery " in so
religious and stately a manner, as to inspire terror in the
beholders," taking note in profound silence of any miscon-
duct. Laziness, laughter, and whispering were all to be
watched and reported ; andforthis pmposehewas " ddigently
to explore what the monks were about, by applying his ear
{aure apposita) to each cell in his rounds— going round the
choir with a lanthom during the third or fourth lesson of the
Night Service, and if he found any brother dozing, he was to
leave the lanthom shinmg full upon him, and retire, on which
the startled sleeper was to beg pardon on his knees, and,
taking up the lanthom, to continue himself the same search,
till he could hand it over to some other drowsy culprit."
(Reyner, Antiq. Benedict.)

This ancient practice of himting the sleeper must have
given rise to some droll scenes in the midst of the long
church services, and it would be a curious experiment to re-
vive it in the broad daylight of the nineteenth century.

Of the Priors themselves, men eminent in their day, fre-
quently summoned to ParUament, and almost as important,
by the extent of their possessions and their influence on
society, as the Earls in the castle towering above their eon-
vent, it is now difficidt to trace the very names or periods. A
few, indeed, are authentically recorded in the chronicle pub-
hshed in the Society's 2d vol. ; and it is remarkable that several
verbatim extracts from that MS. (ea? fragmento nobili, as he
terms it) appear in Reyner's book (Antiq. Bened. folio, Doiiay.

ST. PANCIUS, LKWF.S. ] 93

1626, pp. 62, 120), which must have been taken before its
injury by fire.

There being some errors in the lists of priors given by
Browne Willis, ii, 237 ; Horstield's 'Lewes,' ii, 23S ; and the
new edition of the ' Monasticon ;' advantage may be taken of
the dated documents in the chartulary, and the chronicle, to
aathenticate some additional dates in compiling a fresh list,
though still incomplete, and to introduce occasionally such
other particulars as may belong to Sussex topography or
biography. It is curious to observe how very meagre and
imcertain the list is with respect to the later priors, ^ter the
dates of the chronicle and chartulary, of whom we should ex-
pect the fuller history. The reference, unless otherwise spe-
cified, will be to the pages of the chartulary MS. Vespas.
F. XV,

The difficulty of procuring monks at the foundation of
Lewes Priory has been adverted to on a former occasion ; but
it is worth while more fully to prove it by the noble and con-
scientious answer returned by Hugh, the abbot of Cluny,
when requested by William the Conqueror to send six monks
over to England, for each of whom he offered to pay £100
a-year.

"Be pleaaed, dearest lord (wrote tie abbot in reply to this kingly offer),
not to require from me what I cannot do without ray own perdition, foe I am
not wiUing to barter away my soul at any price, which indeed I shoidd sell, if
I should send you one of the brethren committed to my charge, to where I
might lose him ; and I would more readdy give money to procure monks, of
whom I am much in want for divers places under my government, rather than
accept it for their sale. For of what chapter would they stand in awe in those
parts where they would see no monasteiy of our order P At whose door could
they knock, or in what manner could they he constrained? Command me
therefore some other thing, and suffer this patiently, if what you have asked
cantiot be done consistent with the salvation of your friend." (Reyner, Antiq.
Bened. 2, 69.)

After this refusal, WilUam de Warenne may have well re-
joiced, when he subsequt^ntly overcame the abbot's scruples,
and obtained so excellent a man as Lanzo for his new priory.
William of Malmesbury, who was almost a contemporary,
speaks of him as having " so ennobled Lewes by his worth
with the grace of cloistered reverence, that it may be said to
be the pecuhar domicile of goodness." Again : " The lofty
advancement (snblimitas) of the monasterv attests the efficacy

III. ' 13

194 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

of the man ; so that none could exceed it in the devotion of
the monks, in affability towards guests, and in charity to all."
(De Gest. Pontif. iii, 147.) The chronicler, when narrating his
death, after a priorate of nearly thirty years, describes scenes
passing within the priory church, its vestry, and the chapter-
house, which it may be interesting to add. The strUdng
instance of the importance attached to the rule of silence wfll
be remarked. While in the vestry preparing for mass on
Holy Thursday, he was taken so suddenly ill, while completing
his priestly attire with the chasuble, that he left it as it fell
from him, not folded up, and after retiring from the chapel
(oratorio) he was unable to sleep for two days. When pressed
by his friends to speak to them at night, he refused, explain-
ing that since he first took the monastic vow, he had never
spoken a word after the completorium (the last service pern
formed, after which the gates were locked, and the keys
delivered to the prior), until the primes of the next day. On
the Saturday, after kissing all the brethren, which, in his
zealous love, he would do standing, in spite of his feebleness;
** he was at daybreak led into the chapter-house, and there
from his seat imparted his paternal benediction and absolution
to all the brethren, begging their prayers in return, and teach-
ing them what to do if he should die." His illness allowed
him more rest after this imtil the Monday, when, on recog-
nising symptoms of imminent death, he went, with his hands
washed and his hair combed, as is carefully noted, to hear
mass, and, after the sacrament, returned to his bed. After
again blessing every individual of the convent, he clasped a
cross, and, **with his head and body bent down in reverence,
was carried by his monks into the choir (presbyterium) before
the altar of St. Pancras ; and there, after a Uttle while, with a
glowing countenance, about to be exempt for ever from all
evil, he migrated pure to Christ." (Malmsb. p. 172.)

1077-1107. — Lanzo, a man of distinguislied piety and ability, was
tlie first prior vouclisafed to Lewes by tbe abbot of Cluny.

1107-1123. — Hugh, a native of France, after being prior of Lewes
for some years, was selected by Heniy I as the first abbot for his new monastery
at Reading, in 1123, and afterwards, by the same patronage, became archbishop
of Rouen, in 1130. He attended that king's death-bed, and died himself Nov>
10, 1164. (V. Order. Vit. 901. W. Malmsb.)

ST. PANCRAS, LEWES. 193

1123-1130. — Aucherius, Ausgerus, like liia predecessor, passed
from the priory of Lewes to the atibey of Reading, in 1130. He founded there
a hospital for lepers, aud died Jan. '27, 1135. (Flor. Wigom.)

1139. — Arnald, diediiill39. The only authority for his heing prior
is an entry in the chronicle : " 1139.— Amald Prior ified on the nones of
November;" but he may as probably have belonged to Montacute, or some
other Cluniac house.

1154-1163. — William was party to a deed in London in 11B4,
witnessed by Lawrence, abbot of Westminster (f. 140), and was.witneaa to a
deed of Reginald de Warenne, together with the chaplain of William de £lois,
the king's son, who died in 1160 (f 113). He is also probably the Prior
WiUiam mentioned in a deed witnessed by Earl Hamelin and Countess
Isabella (f. 310); and in a deed (f. 171) of Jocelin, bishop of SaUabnry (i.B.
1153-84). He was probably also the "William, prior of Lewes," who wit-
nessed a grant of Goa&ey de Lisewis to Normanesberch (a celt to Castle Acre).
Among the other witnesses were Philip de Mortimer (then a Lewes monk, after-
wards prior of Castle Acre); Geffiy, chamherkin; Seman, cook; and Alexander,
the prior's notary. (Monast. t. 3.) This deed, being approved by John,
bishop of Norwich, and subsequently confirmed by Archbishop Hubert, was
probably of the date between 1176 and 1180.

1180. — Oabert. v. Willis' lists.

1186-91). — Hugh. According to the Waverley Annals, p. IfiB, this
prior, being a man of great piety aud honesty of life, was made prior of Cluny
in 1199.

1207-8. — Vinbert was party to a deed (•)" K. John) with Eustace,
bishop of Ely (f. 284 and 307).

The William here occurring in the Monasticon was identical with the William

1219. — Stephen was elected, after a struggle with Cluny, for the pre-
sentation ; the Earl de Warenne ultimately selecting him from two names
presented by that abbey (Burrell MSS.) ; aud this form continued the rule ever
afterwards.

1226-1234. — Hugh was party to a deed dated in the 10th year of
Pope Honorins III, 1221) (f 311) ; also to one signed in presence of Bishop
Ealph de NeviU, chancellor, 14° Hen. Ill, 1230 (f. 399); also to a deed
relating to an o\d wall in Atheling- street, London, witnessed by Andrew
Bokcrel, lord mayor torn 1333 to 1337 (f- 173); also in one dated 1334
(18' Henry III).

Henry de Fleg, prior of Farlegh, is inserted here in the Monasticon erro-
neously as Prior of Lewes.

1236-1244. — Albert died in 124.4, On Hugh Sanzaver presenting
his sou William to the vacant benefice of Bignor, the Prior Albert disputed his
right, and presented Peter de Dene, who, after an appeal to the Bishop's
Court, was adinitt^ according to a deed signed at Hardham, Teb. 24, 1336,

196 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

witnessed by Alexander de Anindell, the seneschall of the prior ; Thomas, the
gatekeeper; and Robert, the butler (f. 154). On April 6, 1239. a dispute
with Nicholas, vicar of Peccham, about the manor of Peccham, was decided
in favour of the priory, by William, prior of Battle, acting as delegate of
Otho, the legate. But by a subsequent deed, June, 1239, an arrangement
was made, by which the vicar was to receive the tithes, on pajing the priory a
rent of 1 6«. Sd. This is witnessed by Reginald de Winton, then archdeacon
of Lewes ; Thomas, the rector of St. Mary de Westout ; Master Maurice, of
Bisshopestone, &c. (f. 112.) Prior Albert is party to a deed, Jime 24, 1239
(f. 220); one on Oct. 14, 1242 (f. 266); one at Michaelmas, 1243 (f. 295) ;
two deeds on Nov. 23, 1243, witnessed by William, the prior of Castle
Acre, and ^Vlexander de Arundell, the parson (persona) of Piddingho (f. 264).
There are abo deeds of Prior Albert at f. 53, witnessed by Alfred, the parch-
ment-maker, and Robert de Watergate ; also a deed (f. 236) about the churcli
of " Letune," and another (f. 249).

1244-7. — Guy chard de la Osaye, Guygardus, was admitted as

prior May 7, 1244, and died Dec. 7, 1248. He was party to a deed (f. 230)
in September, 1245 ; to another in 1246 (f. 187). A deed of Peter de Hautbois,
called also de ^Vlto Bosco, confirmed to this prior the grant of some land at
Herst, and the dower of Helewise, relict of William de Hautbois, at her
death (f. 114). " By special grace" he confirmed a lease of fifteen years, from
1247, granted by "Richard Godebert, native of the prior of Lewes," who
was otherwise, from his servile condition, unable to give any security (f. 225).

1248-1255. — William Russinoll, Russelun, succeeded in 1248,

and came to Lewes in 1249. He was party to a deed in June, 1252 (f. 276).
A deed of John la Ware and his wife Olympias, records having publicly received
from this prior " in the County Court certain charters and deeds which had
been deposited in the priory by Hugh de fFokinton, and were read out before
delivery, with the assent of the said county" (f. 80). He crossed the sea,
journeying towards the Roman cx)urt, and returned March 2, 1255, being
party to a lease at Kingston in that year ; but he again left England, and did
not return, having probably obtained some abbacy on the continent.

Roger Willermes is inserted in some lists as prior, with the date of
1251, partly on the authority of an entry in the chronicle : " 1251. — ^Prior
Roger came on the morrow of St. Mary Magdalen, and the same year Hugh,
abbot of Cluny, was at Montacute." This occurs between the two entries of
1248 and 1255, which speak of William Russinoll as prior of Lewes, and
may therefore more probably apply to Montacute. In the RoUs of Parlia-
ment of 6" Edw. I, n** 9 (1278), as printed from the MS. transcript (in Sir
M. Hale's MSS. No. 5, in Lincoln's Inn) of the original roU, now no longer
extant, there is a petition from a prior of Lewes, ctdled Perez (Peter), who
complains that the convent had leased the tithes of Weston and Brinkley
(Co. Cambridge) to Richard de Merton, to the said Peter's great prejudice
and grievance, the said tithes having been, twenty-five years previously
("passe ja vint et v anz" — 1253 P), granted to the " Conte de Savoye," by
Roger WiUiermes, formerly (jades) prior of Lewes. It will be observed, that
in 1253 William Russinoll was certionly prior, and in 1278 John de Thyenges.
The only Prior Peter near the date given was Peter de Villiaco, from May to

ST. PANCaAS, LEWES.

Nov. 1375. There are, therefore, certaiiily errors either of dates or namt
the above account, which, from the only authority being the very incorrect
transcript made for Sir M. Hale, cannot now be explained.

1267-1268.~William de FoviUe, ffovjle, came to Lewes i
1257 as prior, after having previously been prior of the Cluniaca at North-
ampton, and he died Sept. 28, 1268. He calla himself " William, the third
of that name, prior of St. Pancras," in a deed giving permission to a tenant
to erect a water-mill (f. 217), which excludes from the liat the supposed
William after Viabertas. He received a quitclaim as to land in Herat from
Robert de Perepoat, giving fifteen silver marcs in return, witnessed by Thomas
de Poninges, John la Warre, &c. (fol. 114) ; he made an exchange of a small
portion of land with Eoger, prior of MicheUiam (f. 120); accepted a grant
from Hugh de Busty, witnessed by Thomas de Poning, Eobert Perpoint,
Williani de Wystelmestune, Peter de Hangeltune, &«. (f. 128). In 1258 he
was party to a deed signed in. London (f. 178), and to an agreement with
Warm le Bat, of Grensted (ff. 324, 4i)). In 1261 he consented to an arbitra-
tion between himself and the abbot of St. Radegund, near Dover, to be de-
ciiled"at SouthMalling, on the Friday after the Sunday when 'Quasi in gemitu'
is sung." Inl263, oaSt. Dunstnu'sday, he received a quitclaim from Maurice
de Ewakene (f. 69), and a grant in Hodlegh from Robert de GlinUlee and
his wife Margaret, witnessed by William and Henry de Bodiham, Simon de
Hellingelegli, ka. (f. 70), and a grant of "La Heghload" in WesthamCf. 71);
he is named in deeds at ff. 222, 252, 307. His bequests to the priory have
been previously noticed.

1268-1274. — Milo de Columbers arrived at Lewes Jan. 30, 1269,
having been elected the previous year. He went over to Clugny in 1370, and
qidtted Lewes in 1274, on becoming abbot of Vezelay; he died in 1281.
This prior was party to a desd, March 6, 1268 (f. 252); to another
on Oct. 19, 1369, witnessed by William, the prior of Castle Acre (f. 263) ;
to another in the chapter at Lewes, Oct. 27, 1270 (ff. 275-284), so that he
must have returned from Clugny by that date; to others at Lewes oai the
morrow of the Epiphany, and on St. Vincent's day (f. 212) and at Michaelmas
in 1271 (f. 233), in which last, John, rector of Ditchling, appears as a
witness; again at Lewes in 1272 in August (f. 140), and in November (f. 211),
in July, 1273 (f. 323), and in a lease of land at Grensted (f. 47). Boger de
Bromham confirmed to Milo " the tenement in Heathfield parish, lying on the
north side of the Icing's highway, leading from Burgherssh to Horeappeltre "
(f. 82).

1275. — Peter de VilliaCO, Niwaco, prior of Sonvigny, in France,
was sent by Cluny as prior of Lewes, where he arrived May 1, 1375, and con-
curred with his convent ia appointing proctors to correct the taxation of the
vicarage of Halifax, on Ascension day, 1273. (Monast. Angl. e Begist. Arch.
Ebor. P. n. f. 3.) He resigned, however, tlus dignity on November 5, in
the same year, and became prior of St. Martin dea Champs, at Paris, Novemberll.
It was perhaps by his bequest, as he was then a resident at Paris, that the
well known Hotel de Cluny there was repaired, though it is described only as
that of "a certain prior of St. Pancras, deceased," by Reyner. [Antiq.
Benedict, p. 165.)

id7 H

xrxetst ^H

198 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

1275-1284. — JohndeThyenges,Tenges,Tirenges,Dwyanges,

Srior of Gayfes, came to Lewes May 29, 1276, began a journey to Rome in
lay 12 SO, returning between Easter and Pentecost in 1282, crossed over to
attend the chapter general of his Order, Feb. 2, 1284, and did not return, as
he became prior of St. Marj' de la Woute, in Auvergne.

There is a deed of his (f. 238), dated Christmas eve, 1276 ; one dated at
Southwark, March 25, and another dated at Reygate, October, 1278 (f. 195).
A brief from Pope Martin IV, dated at Viterbo, in 1282, called upon the
abbot of AVestminster to prevent any attempt to the prejudice of this Prior John,
during his absence at the papal court, " for certain business of his own and of
the priory." (Rymer.)

Michel de Sevenoke sold to this prior, " at Lewes, on Saturday, the eve of
St. Nicolas, 1282, Reginald Onyot, fonnerly my native of Brighthelmstone,
with all his follo^^^ng (sequela), and his chattels, for 40«." (f. 120). This prior
paid J&12 sterling to Robert de Perepimd, knight, in return for a release from
homage for some land at llerst, witnessed by Simon, Robert, and John
Perepund, William Dani, &c. (f. 114); and he appears in other undated
deeds (if. 234, 43).

1284-1297. — John de Avignon, Avynun, Avynn, had been

prior of Wenlock, and came to Lewes August 15, 1285 ; he died March 28,
1297. lie was party to a deed on the Quintaine of St. John, 1285 (f. 188) ;
to another in 1286 (f. 237). Saer de Droseto gave the prior a quitclaim in
1287-8, ^atnessed by Sir Roger de Lewkenore, William de Echingham,
William Manse, and William Goldingham, knights, &c. (f. 63). In 1288.
John de Okie gave him a quitclaim of some land in Bolney before the justices
itinerant at Chichester (f. 125). He signed a deed in the chapter at Lewes
on the feast of St. Benedict Abbot at the end of 1289 (f. 192). On Oct. 24,
1290, he presented Peter de Montellier as prior of Prittlewell (Pat. 18° Edw. 1).
On August 1, 1291, he made a covenant with John atte hale, of Wydyhame,
acting on behalf of John de Corsle, a minor (f. 67). A deed signed at Rising,
in Norfolk, on the Monday after Palm Sunday, 1292 (f. 269), confirmed to
this prior the rights of franc-pledge, &c., in Hecham, on paying rent of half a
marc to John de Montalt, and these rights appear again confirmed in Rot.
Pat. 35** Edw. I, p. 1. On July 8, 1292, a claim of a pension of 46«. was
determined at Winchester, in favour of the priory, after a law suit against
William of York, rector of Gatton. Another deed of his is dated on the
morrow of St. Nicholas, 1296 (f. 308).

1298-1301. — John de Novo Castro, Newcastle, probably the

first prior of English birth, came to Lewes May 24, 1298, and died Januaiy
10, 1301.

1301-1305. — Stephen de Sancto Romano, de Rx)uen, came

to Lewes, as prior, on the feast of St. Pancras, May 12, 1302. He was a
party to a deed of exchange relative to some lands si Hecham, in Norfolk,
dated there on the Wednesday after Easter, 1303 (f. 222, 229); and there
are also bonds, signed by him and the convent in chapter, on May 2, and June
22, 1303, acknowledging loans of money advanced in relief of the difficulties
of the priory (f. 140). Stephen also occurs in a patent, dated April 7, 1305
(Pat. 33^ Edw. I, p. 1, m. 7), enabling him, on his setting out for the Eoman

ST. I'ANCRAS, LEWES. 199

court, to appoint his fellow mouk, Guichard de Caro Loco, and Thomas de
Holm, to act for him during his absence for two years. TMs last reference
has been strangely misapplied in the ' Monaaticon' to o Stephen in 1360, by
an obvious enoi". (The John here introduced by the ' Monaaticon' appears to
be identical with John who succeeded in 1809.)

1309. — Alberiaus, Alberic. See Willia' Usts.

1309-1325. — John de Monte Martino. a letter from John,
prior of Farlegh, to this prior, eicusing himself for not being at Lewes on St.
Pancras day, on account of illness, is dated May 3, 1313 (f. 166). An agree-
ment between him and John de Thomhill, Kt., is dated at Lewes inlPeb. 1315
(f. 303). Heiaatatedtohaveset off for parts over sea June a, 1315 (Pat. 8°
Edw. II, in BaA. MS., 6958, p. 217). Alease of the manor of Sutton, granted
by him to John de Sutton, for 100 marcs (£66. 6«. 8rf.), is dated in the chapter
of Lewes, Sept. 11, 1319 (f. 98). A donation in London to the prior is
dated in Southwark, May 3, 1313, witnessed by Darid, steward of Earl de
Warenne (f. 173). Documents of this prior, addressed to John de Feskamp,
prior of Farlegh, are dated Aprfl 26, 1321 ; on the feast of St. Gregory,
1323 ; and from Horsted, August 3, 1323 (f. 166). An agreement between
the prior and Eobert Frankleyn, rector of Edhurghton, concerning " the land
of William under- the-biU, at fToUdng in In claye between the road nnder
ffolking and la leet towards the hill," ia dated at Lewes, Aug. 23, 132-1
(f. 15i). It was during this Prior John's time that the last Earl dc Warenue
was excommunicated; and the Earl in 1315-16 surrendered all his estates,
with the patronage of Lewes, to the king, receiving a regrant of them soon after-
wards. Probably this circumstance may have had some influence in encouraging
the Pope to appomt a prior to Lewes, as he did after Prior John's death.

1325. — Adam de Winchester. John de Coventry. After
the death of Prior John de Mont Martin, probably in 1326, the Pope assumed
the privilege of nominating a prior for his suceessor, without any respect to the
rights of the lay patron; and accordingly, in 1325, Adam, a monk of St, Swithin
at Winchester, was intruded by papal authority into the dignity, although Peter
de Joceanx was selected by the Earl de Warenne from the two names duly
presented to him by the abbot of Cluny. Of these two- rival priors Adam
seems to have first gained complete possession ; and there is extant a patent
of Edward II, Westminster, Jnly 20, 1325 (19° E, 2, p. 1, m. 32, Tower
MiS.) pardoning, "of hia special grace, Adam, prior of Lewes, and the con-
vent for the transgression of John, the late prior," in acquiring the advpwson
of Melton Mowbray, in mortmain, without royal consent ; and on July 6,
1325, Adam, as prior, and the convent in chapter granted the advowsons of
Dewsbury and Wakefield (co. York) to Hngh de Despenser, which grant was
coniirmed by a deed, April 27, 1344 (MS. Pat. 18° Edw. HI). By a deed
dated at Lewes, on Saturday, the feast of St. Ambrose, 1327, Prior Adam du
Winchester and the convent leased "the tithes of le Bovylonds, in Woghom
(in campis Wogham), which belonged to the office of the chamberlain of the
convent, to John k Gerdcler, rector of Chaitey (Chaggelye) and Thomas
Northwod, for four years, at a rent of 40s." (f. 102.) These are the only
traces of Adam acting aa prior; but we find lum in 1329 described by King
Edward III, in his letter of remonstrance to Pope John XXII, aa having been

2UU CLUNIAC PRIORY,

actively labouring to remove the more regtdarly appointed Prior Peter, by
law-suits in the Koman courts. The first extant letter of the king, dated
from Kltham, Feb. 23, 1329, alludes to other preWous remonstrances, and
complains that although the Po]m; had now im]x>sed silence on Adam {impo-
mHhih f Herat Bilent'iHm dido Jfi<r), yet he hears of the I'ope having substituted
for him " his dear brother in Christ, John de Courtenaye, a monk of Tavistock,"
and admonishes the Pope to respect his rights and those of the Elarl,
who would not submit to their violation {ffquanimiter nullateuus patietur),
inasmuch as the Po|)e had never hitherto had any right of presentation to
priories in lay patronage. The king strongly urges the Pope to revoke any
collation or prest^ntation he may have made of John de Courtney, which he
supposes him to have made in the plenitude of his power when the truth was
not known to him ; and exhorts him to leave Peter free from undeserved
vexations, although malevolent suggestions, prompted by envy, had been
made against his good fame. (Rymer.) Nothing more is heard of John de
Courtenay, with res|wct to Ia'wcs, so that we may suppose the Pope yielded
to the king's significant n'cjuest. liut, by way of compensation, he was
elected abbot of Tavistock, Jan. 3, 1334 ; and, rt'lying on the influence of
his j)owerful family (th(; Karl of Devon being in fact his younger brother), he
defied his diocesan, and twice incurred suspension from his office by the
Bishop of Exeter. On the last occasion, in 1348, the bishop ultimately for-
gave him, for alienating the monastic property, avowedly from respect to his
brother, only lajing a prohibition upon him not to keep hounds (inkibuit
vt^ro fie canes vetiaticos alet. MS. Lands. 963, p. 102). He may again have
longed at times for the freedom of the Sussex AVeald and Do^vns, when he
thus found his anmsement considered by his diocesan less venial than the
dilapidations of his abbey.

1327-1343. — Peter de Joceaux, de Jocellis, may be looked

upon as the regidar prior from 1327, as his election had been strictly according
to the nUes. He is described in the king's letters as having been admitted
and engaged for some time {per aliqua tempord) in the government of the
priory, labouring daily with the assistance of the Earl de Warenne, who is
stated to have been ever devout to the Holy See, in recovering the rights and
property of the convent. The king speaks of him as laudably reported " for
his purity of life, and for his observance and prudent circumspection of reli-
gion, and personally agreable to the Earl."

He signed a deed at Lewes, November 20, 1331 (f. 226); and another in
chapter at Lewes, February 16, 1334, giving leave to Roger Laket to grant
to the abbey of Robertsbridge some land in Possingeworthe, in Waldem, held
in capita of the priory, for the annual pajinent of 10«. (f. 67). On May 12,
1334 (f. 162), Prior Peter sent forth a severe rebuke to the Cluniacs sub-
jected to him. And again, on Sept. 28, 1336, at Lewes (f. 161), he deputed
Hugh de Chintriaco, probably the same who was afterwards prior, to give
Parlegh Priory into the care of two monks of that convent, their own prior
" having betaken himself, for unknown reasons, to remote and unknown
places," without appointing any deputy. He is mentioned in a deed of
April 14, 1339 (f. 223) ; and in an imdated one confirming some land in East
Grinstead to Walter le Pyke, witnessed by Walter, rector of Hartfield, W.
Dani, 8tc. (f. 48). His seal is affixed to a deed dated Nov. 12, 1343. (See
8ii99, Arch, CoU,, vol. II, p. 20.)

ST. PANCRAS, LEWES. 201

1343-1349. — Jonn Gain, Cana, Gaincaria, de Janitura,
Janituria, Gambaua, was appointed by King Edward III, from West-
minster, May 13, 13-15, to a diplomatic mission abroad, together with Sir
Otho de Grandison, Kt., and Thomas de Baddeby, clerk, "to form treaties
of mutud help for Ihe defence of the Catholic faith and of justice," with the
kings of Jerusalem, Sicily, and Hungaiy. (Eymer.) And from Calais, Sept. 1,
1347, he woa comniiasioned with John de Chalon, Lord d'Arlay, to treat with
the proctors of (Albert the Wise) the Duke of Austria, to arrange tie mar-
riage of the king's daughter with the duke's son, and to settle the dower, the
time and manner of her journey, kc. fRymer.) This aUianee, however,
never took effect. There is a deed of agreement between hira and Laurenee
Archinbaud, prior of Fariegh, dated at Lewes, Aug. 28, 1346, by which
Farlegh was to pay £100 sterling to Cluny (166), He also appears in deeds
dated from the chapter-house at Lewes, Dec. 3, 1347, and May 5, 1348
(f. 189), And be is alluded to as "late prior," in the deed of 1351, making
the priory denizen.

1350-1362. — Hugh de Chyntriaco, Chiiitracoia. There are
leases granted by him, of two virgates of land to John Scraa, of Kyngeston,
near Lewes, for a rent of 26«. 8rf., dated Lewes, Sept. 31, 1350. On Feb. 25,
1351, he is named as prior in King Edward the Third's charter of denizen-
ship to the priory (MS. Rot. Pat., 35° Ed, III, Tow-er.) The erroneous date
of 1373 has been assigned in Horsfield's Lewes for the priory losing its alien
character; but the kmg's patent is dated as mentioned, and was granted
avowedly in consideration of the convent's surrender to the king of the ad-
vowsons of five churchea in its gift, of the annual value of 200 marca
(£133. 6». 8rf.) ; and the priory was held liable to pay the king, while the
French war lasted, the tribute (apportum) of lOOs. due to Cluny. The
patent of 1373 (in Dugd. Monast.) recites thia preWous deed, and extends
the naturalisation to the five subordinate priories of Castle Acre, Pritelwell,
Stanesgate, Faxlegh, and Horton. A lease is dated Oct. 15, 1353, and again
on March 17, 1353 (f. 63). Oct. 20, 1353, he granted a seven years' lease
of some land " at Newyke, in the pariah of Hedfiold," to Eichard Bonesherssh
and Robert de Bromham (f, 83). An agreement between this prior and
Maurice, late prior of Kirkby, as to the advowaon of Melton Mowbray, dated
March 1, 1353, appears in the Inspeximus Charter of Edw. Ill, Dec. 17,
1353 (MS. Rot. Pat. 37° Edw. UI, p. 3, m. 1). In Jan., 1356, he signed
the lease of a shop (anawt »ehoppam) in Lewes to William, carpenter, of
Lewes, and Matihla his wife (f. 313). In March, 1357, he dated from
Lewes a confirmation to John Smith de la clive and Matilda his wife, of
"all the land at Bregghous (S/wr/tes Bridge?) with its appurtenances in
fUechynge, held of the manor of Horstede by Matilda, as younger sister to
the late John Charp" (f. 67). Another deed is dated from Lewes in Sept.
1357 (f. 83); and a lease of half the tithes of Terring for two years, at 70*.
a-year, to John de Horsham, the rector, witnessed by Roger Dalyngcrigge,
&c., in 1358 (f. 104). An indenture between this prior and Gregory, the
parson of Seulthorp, ia dated at Lewes, Feb. 24, 1369 (f. 354) ; and another
indenture, between him and John de Haddon, ia dated at Lewes, Sept, 24,
1359 (f. 159); and a deed, to whicli " WarynTrussel, cheVBler,"is a party, is
dated from Leives, June 25, 1359 (f 303). On March 24, 1360, Guichard

202 CLUNIAC PRIORT,

de Chentriaoo, proliablv a relation of Prior Uuf|^h, was preferred by him as
prior of Prittlfwell (Pat. SS** Edw. III). He is named as prior in 1361
(Hari. MS. (VJory, f. 6, from Rej^ist. Sudbury, f. 7). On March 6, 1362
(36" Edw. Ill), he U»ast»d a messuaj^e in Estport (f. 61). An exchange was
made by him with Robert and SybiUa de Dene (f. 75).

1304-1393. — John dc Caro Loco, Clierlewe, Chier Lieu,

the gallant dffen(h*r of his convent in arms against the French invaders, by
whom he was taken prisontT ; the friend of the unfortunate Earl of Arundel,
who vainly |)ointed out to him a spot for his own burial in the prioiy church.

The licenct* granted by Edward HI, in 1365, to his " beloved in Christ, the
prior and convent of S. Pancras in Lewes," to grant the advowson of Egginton
to the prior}' of Michelhara, does not mention the prior's name (MS. Pat.
39° Edw. in, p. 1, m. 28). On May 2, 1368, he granted the deanery of
South Mailing to John, rector of Edburton (f. 152). His name appears in
dmls of Sept. 1369 (f. 183); on April 1, 1371 (f. 185); on May 1 (f. 104),
and in June, 1372 (f. 22()). On Dec. 1, 1373, he granted a lease of some
shops in Southwark, " cynk schoppes, chcscmi schoppe ene une estage" (f. 18-t),
at 10 marcs a year. lie is named as " John now prior" by King Edward HI,
when making the priory indigenous, on May 20, 1373 (47** Edw. III). On
March 14, 1376, an indenture was made between this prior and John Leme,
prior of Michclham, giving to the latter, for 10«., "all the land called La
Wallond, in the manor of Langenaye, extending toward the east to the road
called Sirstrcct, and in bn'adth between the king's highway which leads from
La Hake to llaylsham" (f. 92). A quitclaim given to him is dated at Lewes,
May 16, 1381 (f. 63) ; a deed signed in chapter at Lewes, March 22, 1388
(f. 52) ; another at Mi(!haelmas, 1392, leasing to John Leme, prior of
Michclham, the manor of Sutton, for a rent of 100*. (f. 99); another on Feb. 24,
1394, relating to a dispute with Walter Dalingrigge as to lands in West
Hoathly, arranged by arbitrators chosen by the Earl of Arundel (f. 52) ;
another on July 25, 1396 (f. 52), may refer to the succeeding prior.

1397. — John Ok. The confirmatory charter of Thomas, duke of
Norfolk, dated Nov. 2, 1397 (21° Ric. II), states it to have been granted " at
the devout supplication of brother John Ok, prior of our house at Lewes, and
of all the convent" (f. 42).

As the large conventual seal of the priory, engraved at p. 20
of Vol. II, Suss, Arch, Coll,, appears to belong to this period,
it is right to mention that a new reading of its inscription has
been suggested by the reviewer in the * Gentleman's Mag./
Nov. 1849, p. 503. By a slight change in four letters of the
first word, " ^Pare>;2ale," the words, as well as the figures above
them, become allusive to the glory of martyrdom conferred on
St. Pancras by the anger of the Roman Emperor — " MartiriaJe
decus tribuit michi Cesaris ira.'' As this may be the more
correct reading, it is due to the Society to state, that the
former version of it was not hastily adopted, and that the

r ^

■ ST. PAKCRAS, LEWES. 203 ^M

I difficulty of deciphering tlie legend was so great, that a cast of

■ the seal was previously examined by several gentlemen in
I London most conversant in such matters. As to both sides

of the seal being of the same date in the reviewer's opinion, it
may be remarked, that a new seal, or at least a new side,
became requisite after the priory became denizen in 1351, and
the other side, assumed to be the later, resembles the work-
manship of the close of the 14th century.

1413-1417. — John de Tency, Teny, Tring. Vid. lists in Willis,
Tanner, Burrell M38. A royal licence for the prioiy to accept lands in Walpole
and Weat Walton, co. Norfolk, in mortmain, was y;ranted in 1409-10(113. Pat.
11° Hen. IV, p, 3, m. 18); but the name of the then prior la not mentioned.

1421-1429.— Thomas Nelond, whose majestic form, the only one
of all the priors preserved to us, still lies shadowed ont in brass at Cowfold,
died April 18, 1439. In 1431-2 he was commissioner, together with Ilobert
de Pojnings, Sir John Pelham, Knt., and others, for building and repairing
the banks on the sea coast between Mechingi and Seaford, according to the
custom of the Marsh (Rot. Pat. 9" Hen. V, 1, m. 13), and again with the
same parties in 1433-3 (Hot. Pat. 1° Hen. "VI, 1, m. 30). The only deed
in the chartulary in which he appears as a party was signed in chapter at
Lewes, on April 35, l-i28 (f. 296).

1433-4.— James Honiwode, Honeywood. (Havley's MS., «343,
col. 517).

1433-1444. — Robert Auncell, Ansell, the compaer of the col-
lection of charters relating to the priory, now MS. Vespaa., F. xv in the
British Museum. In 1433-4, Robert, prior of Lewes, was eomiuissioner for
the sea walls between Mechyng and Seford, together with John the Earl of
Huntingdon, Sir Robert Poyniog, Sir Thomas Ecbyngham, Sir Thomas
Lewkenor, Km'ghts, John Darell, Richard Wakehnrst, and otiiers, with power
to impress labourers upon fitting wages. (Rot. Pat. 12" Henry VI, 1, m. 24.)

1450-1460. — John Danyel. Odo, the abbot of Cluny, having
appointed him chamberlain, yicar- general, and commissary of the Cluniaca in.
England, Scotland, and Ireland, the king, Heniy VI, confirmed such authority,
and granted him licence to travel, in execution of such office, for three years,
on June 20, 1452 (MS. Pat. 30 Hen. VI, p. 3, m. 15). He is named, in
1459, July 30, aa prior of Lewes (Hot. Pat. 37° Hen. VI, in Harl. MS. 6963^
f. 113) ; and in 1460, having inciured risk of statutory penalties by appointing
Robert Crj'che prior of Montaeute, on the authority of letters from the abbot
of Cluny, King Heniy VI granted him a pardon for such offence, and authority
to execute such letters with impunity, dated at Westminster, Nov, 11,
39" Hen. VI. (Rymer.) He is spoken of in this document as deserving con-

fiw Mediyng, the old

204 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

fidence for '* his religion, honesty, and conscience," as being chamberlain of
the order of Cluniacs, and as suificiently and lawfully deputed to act as vicar-
geucral and commissary of the order in England, Scotland, and Ireland.

1486-93. — ^Thomas Atwell, Awell. Vid. WiUia.

1526. — Robert. The deed surrendering Stanesgate Priory, in Essex
(a cell to Lewes), to the dean and canons of Cardinal AVolsey*s new college at
Oxfoni, is date(l in the chnpter-house, on July 24, 1526, and being sign^ by
everj* individual of the Ijewes priory, enables us to ascertain that there were
then twenty-two monks, besides the prior and sub-prior. The names are as
follows :

Robert, prior of Lewes. Robert Hurverding.

Antony Wolvey, sub-prior. Dion MayolL

William Atherold. Thomas Attwell.

Simon E>Ty. William Gravysend.

Clement Brown. Nicholas Canterbury.

John Canterbury. Mathew Fayth.

John Clement. Thomas Steven.

William Plumster. Robert Burton.

John Symson. William Felician.

Da\id Fremfyld. John Martyne.

William Bayley. Richard Lucy.

Thomas Maydston.

John Lewe. (Monast. t. v, p. 38.)

1532 — John Ashdowne. After spending seven years in studying at
Cambridge, he took the degree of Bachelor of Canon Law at Oxford, on March
29, 150G (Wood's Fasti Oxon. 1, 9). He is mentioned as John, prior of
Lewes, as being present at a Last at Westham, Oct. 3, 1532 (24® Hen. VIII),
together with Richard, abbot of Bayham, John, prior of Michelham, Thomas
Lord Dacre, and others, when penalties were imposed on the placing of nets,
pots, engines, &c., in Pevensey Marsh.

1534-1537. — ^Robert Crowham, Croham, the last Prior. He

took the degree of Bachelor in Theology in 1526. He is mentioned in the
Valor Eccles. of 1534-5 as " now prior."

The commissioners of Hemy VIII soon afterwards came
down to inquire into the lives of the monks in Lewes, and
the doom of the Priory was evident. We need not search too
closely into the morals of the Lewes brethren. The conunis-
sioners, as Fuller quaintly observes in his ' Church History/
" knew the message they were sent on, and found out water
enough to drive the mill." From every monastery they visited
was sent up a report of detected sins, the details of which still
remain in MSS., headed comperta crimina, and which it re-
quires but little charity to distrust. The last abbot of
Glastonbury adopted as his motto, perhaps with a hope of the

ST, PANCRAS, LEWES.

yi revival of his abbey, mersos reafie suscita, " rouse up those
plunged in guilt;" but let us hope that the inmates of the
priory did not require so fierce a rousing. Robert Crowham
was himself quite ready for a change, and the last representa-
tive of Lanzo became a contented prebendary in the cathedral
of Lincoln, April 11, 1537 (B. Wilhs, 2, 237). Probably
this preferment was one of the " just and reasonable causes '
moving his conscience to the final surrender of the priory to
the king on November 16, 1537.'^' Nor was this all the com-
pensation he expected, for he also obtained a promise from
the Duke of Norfolk of a large share in the spoils of his own
priory. This appears in a letter from Henry Foisted, a com-
missioner employed by Lord Cromwell in Kent, to his master.
(Cott. MS. Cleop. E. iv, f. 233.)

" My bounden dutie rememberd unto your lordaliipp, this shalle be to aig-
nifie tie same, that the prior of Lewes hathe last Mondaje knolaged a iyne,
both of Lewes and Castle Anre, albeit, it is thought that Castle Acre paaseth
not by the fyne ; and as concemyng the preamble of the dede, it is now fully
resolved, that ther shall not be any such preamble. The prior ofSrraed, this
day, that my Lord of Noriblk thean promised hym to have all the goods of
the monastery, and the oon half of the debts. I am very sorry that my com-
mand was not to come a little rather upon Sondaye, that I might have spoken
with your lordshipp in the premisses, asserteynyng your good lordshipp that
Master Pollai'd and I entend, God wilbng, to be at Eygate tomorrow, at night,
according to my Lord of Norfolk's appointment ; and thus our Lorde save
your good lordshipp in God's saving mercy. At the EoUs, this Mondaye, the
jjjjihi jj^y Qf November. Your lordsbipp's servant,

" Hekby Polsted."

Henry VIH, in his grant of the priory to Lord Cromwell
(dated Feb. 16, 1538), uses redundant phrases, as if in bitter
mockery, to describe the free willingness of this surrender by
the convent. The prior and monks are stated to have acted
by a deed imder their common seal —

" with unanimous assent, the consent of their deliberate minds, by their o
certain knowledge and mere motion, from certain just and reasonable cau
specially moving their minds and consciences, voluntarily, of their own accord."
(Bnrrell MSS. B706, f. 183). The royal grant specifies, among other details,
" the church, the beli-tower (campanile), and the ctemitery," and the whole
was to be held of the crown, " in capite by military service, namely, by the
twenticthpart ofonemiKtary fee, and on the annualpayment of £77- 14s. B|i/."

\e error given to thia act in the new

206 CLUNIAC PRIORY,

Within one short month, after obtaining on such easy terms
the accuniulatccl bounty of five centuries of benefactors. Lord
Cromwell sent down his skilled apents of destruction, and
although the Prior}* Church must have been the most beau-
tiful building in Lewes, even the very memory of its site
soon perished from among the succeeding generations of the
townsmen.

We have, indeed, vivid descriptions by eye-witnesses of the
eagerness, not only of strangers, but of the very townsmen, to .
share in the plunder of these monastic buildings in England
at the time of their fall ; and the following extracts from the
third series of Sir Henry Ellis's * Original Letters* may be
considered as describing scenes witnessed at Lewes, as well as
elsewhere :

" It would have pitied any heart to see what tearing up of the lead there was,
and plucking up of boards, and throwing down of the sparres, and when the lead
was torn oiF and cast down into the church, and tombs in the church all broken
(for in most abbeys were divers noble men and women, yea, and in some abbeys,
Idngs, whose tombs were regarded no more than the tombs of all other inferior
persons, for to what end should they stand, when the church over them was
not spared for their cause ?) and all things of price either spoiled, carried away,
or d(^faced to the uttennost. The persons that cast the lead into fodders,
plucked up all the seats in the choir, wherein the monks sat when they said
service, which were like to the seats in minsters, and burned them, and melted
the lead therewithal, although there was wood plenty within a flight shot of
them." (V. iii, p. 32.)

One of Cromwell's commissioners wrote to him thus from
Warwick :

" The power people thorowly in every place be so gredy upon thes
howsys, when they be suppressed, that by night and daye, nott oidy of the
towne, but also of the countrye, they do continually resortt as long as any
dore, wyndoo, yren, or glasse, or lowse ledde remaynethe in any of them.
And if it were so don oonly wher I go, the more blame miht be layd to me ;
but yt ys universally that the people be thus gredy for yren, wyndoes, doores,
and ledde. In every place I kepe wache as long as I tary, and prison those
that do thus abuse them selvys, and yet other wiU nott refrayn." (Vol. iii, 139.)

Another agent of Cromwell, in Lincolnshire, advises him
not to pull down the stonework of some monasteries
there, on account of the expense ; but the king's commission
being " to pull down to the ground all the walls of the
churches, steeples, cloisters, frateries, dorters, chapter-houses,
and all other houses, saving them that be necessary for a

ST. PANCRAS, LEWES.

farmer," he proposes to take away and sell all the bells and
lead, to pull down the roofs, battlements, and stairs, and tlien
" let the wals stand, and charge some with them, as a quarry
of stone, to make sales of, as they that hath need will fetch."
(Vol. iii, p. 268.)

The descendants of Warren and Gundrada might well
have used on behalf of Lewes, if they had dared, the almost
pathetic language of Sir Simon Harcourt, when he pleaded
for the sparing a monastery in Staffordshire ; " a little howse,
the whyche my power auncestors dyd buyld, and gave away
from them and their heires for ever a great porcion of their
landes for this intent, ther to be prayed for perpetually ; and
so, many of them be tmnulate and buryed." (Vol. iii, p. IS.)

The heathen Seneca thought that some power of retribu-
tion was given to violated tombs :

And many a Christian in the time of Henry VIII probably
recognised such a retribution in the signal fall and execution
of Lord Cromwell, which so speedily ensued.

On fonner occasions when the Priory stood in peril, the
lay patron, the Eai-I de Wai'enne, was ready to shield it from
the royal grasp. In 1324., when Peter de Worldham and
Stephen Poer were sent as commissioners by Edward II to
appraise and seize all alien priories, they made the following
exception as to Lewes ;

" As to the revEnuta of tLe Priory of Lewes, with its iqjpiirtenances, from the
Bsid day October 8, in the eighteenth yenr {ofKtHgEdw.II, 1334), toNoyember
13 next following, they make no return (non respondent), because the king by
his brief, at the supplication of John Earl de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, has
commanded the said commissioners not to intermeddle with the said revenue
of the priory, or its appurtenaficea, but to restore to the anme ear! the said
priorv, with its appurtenances and revenues arising therefrom, together with
the goods and chattels found in the same." (Add. MSS., 6ie4, p. 467.)

Long before the violent suppression of the English Cluniaca
there is evidence that evd passions had penetrated within their
cloistered walls. It has been ah-eady stated that Peter de
Joceanx, the Lewes prior, sent forth a stem reproof (f. 162)
in 1334, from Lewes, in a grand and verbose epistle to his

20S CLUNIAC PRIORT,

subordinate priors and sub-priors. Referring to certain of his
monks having been already condemned by the chapter-general
held at Cluny in 1329, "as infamous, and subjected to per-
petual imprisonment on account of their transgressions, rebel-
lions, conspiracies, and other enormities," and fearing lest
some of them should return to their oflFences, like dogs to their
vomit, he ordained that they should be held as aliens, and in-
capable of holding any office whatever, or doing any legal act ;
that their voices should be considered as those of enemies, and
all egress from the monastic inclosures, except in case of
processions with the convent, interdicted them. He then
proceeded to complain, on the report of trustworthy persons
and by his own experience, that monks, not professed, had
assumed the direction of affairs in certain of his convents,
and strictly commanded a return to order within one month.
Alluding to the confusion caused in the Lewes priory by the
intrusion of the pope's nominees, Adam and John, who seem
to have carried off with them all moveable articles, such as
Prior Foville's gilt cup, and other valuables, the prior stated
that " all the things which were in our refectory, at the time
of our promotion, intended for the use and service of the
brethren, had been, by certain sons of discord and iniquity,
fraudulently alienated, subtracted, and taken away, without
hope of restitution, so that the said refectory is stripped of
everything." In order to get a fresh supply of necessaries for
the Lewes refectory, the prior then ordained that all future
subordinate priors, and even those created by him, should pay,
within one year of their creation, 20^., or 13^. 4fl?., according
to their degree, and be Uable to arrest, within the walls of the
priory, by the sub-prior of Lewes, until payment be fully made.
The officer of the refectory was to lay out the money by the
advice of the sub-prior. The priors concerned are stated to
have consented in the chapter-general to this wholesome
{saluhre) statute, which concludes with wishing " peace and
eternal life to those who keep it, and may the curse of our-
selves and of God absorb and involve all who contravene it.
Given in our chapter at Lewes, on the 1 2th day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1334."

Among the glories now lost to Lewes, was the honour of
having a cardinal in the 13th century, holding the rectory of

ST. PA^■CRAS, LEWES, 309

one of its parish churches in the prior's gift ; Mid it is edify-

■ ing to observe tlie earnestness with which the Cardinal
Hubert, then an absentee at Lyons, in his act of resignation,
urges the Prior of Lewes to till up his place with a resident
rector.

" Hubert, by Diyine mercy airdinal deacon of St. Eustuce, to all who ahall
peruse this letter eternal greeting in the Lord. Know all of you, that we, on
the 20tli day of Jiiiy, in our chamber (camera), in the presence of the religious
man the abbot of Cliuiy, and very many other tmatworthy persons, have
resigned the church of St. Mary in Weatout in Lewes, in the diocese of
Chichester, the rector of which we have hitherto been, into the hands of the
rehgioua man the prior of Lewes, patron of the same church of St. Mary, who
receives and accepts the said resignation, most earnestly exhorting the same
prior, that he ought to present to the some church a fitting person, who shall
be willing and able to make personal residence in that church, and to discharge
devout service to God, as the care (cura) of the same chureh requires. Given
at Lyons, on the aforesaid day and month, in the third year of the pontificate of
the Lord Pope Grcgoiy the Tenth." (A.D. 1S7+). Lew. Chart., f lU.

In concluding, for the present, these miscellaneous remarks
on Lewes Priory, principally authenticated by the MS. char-
tulary, it may be mentioned, that of this Cardinal Hubert, a
prince of the church, and an important man in his lifetime,
no other trace remains in Lewes history than this hitherto
unnoticed record; and Prior Auncell's clerk, who copied the
above document into his ehartulary 170 years afterwards,
knew so little about him as even to misread his name Ubertus,
for Albertus, and so writes him down. It may indeed be
feathered from other authorities, that Hubert was a noble
Tuscan, of the family of the Counts d'Elci, near Sienna; that
he bought the city of Orbitello from his aunt ; that he was
made cardinal in 12G1 by Pope Urban IV; and that, after
assisting to create three popes, he died, July 13, 1276, two
years after the resignation of liis Lewes benefice, leaving to
the church of Asti, of which he was archdeacon, a bequest of
money and " a golden cross, in which is part of the true
cross, with a silver foot," and sundry rich church vestments.
(Ciaconius, Vitee Pontif. ct Card. Roman., ed. 1677, t. ii,
p. 159. Vitffi et res gestae Pontif. et Card., fol. 1630,
p. 719.) It must be a matter of speculation how long this
wealthy Italian condescended to retain his Lewes rectory, or
whether he ever visited it, and it is equally doubtful whether

jii. 14

210

CLCSIAC PBIOKT, ST. PANCRAS, LEWES.

l!
4

he owed its emoluments to papal nomination, monastic in-
trigue, or to his own merits.

The massive gold ring, represented in the accompanying
woodcut, was found some years ago, among the ruins of the
priory, and is now the property of Mr. J. Parsons. It was
probably a new year's gift — ** en bon an " being engraved
within the circle — to some Lewes prior in the fifteenth century,
and exhibits the patron saints of the priory, the Virgin,
St. Peter, St. Paul, and St. Pancras. When found, it retained
some of the blue enamel forming the ground near the figures.
A gold ring, found at Orford castle in Sufiblk, similar in form,
but without the triple facets of the centre, is engraved at
p. 89 of No. 25, * Archaeological Journal.'

£:tt Kum^

OBSERVATIONS ON

THE BUCKLE: THE BADGE OF THE FAMH^Y

OF PELHAM,

BADGE OF THE FAMILY OF UE LA WARR.
BT MR. MARK ANTONY LO'tt'ER.

" It is a revererd thing to see no aupient caslle or Imilding not in decay ; or to see a
fair timber tree sound and iierfert ; how much more to behold an antient noble family
nbich hath stood ag^nst the wayea and weathers of time ?" — Bacon. Of Nobitily,

■' Out of the spoils won in battles did tliey dedicate to maintain the House of the
Lord." — 1 Chuon, xni, 27.

Among the many distinguished vice-presidents of the
Sussex ArchaBological Society are two noblemen who, from the
great antiqmty of their families and their long territorial
connection with the county, seem to hold that office with a
pecuUar appropriateness. More than five centuries ago, their an-
cestors — both Sussex knights — fought side by side beneath the
victorious banner of the Black Prince, and, upon the plains of
^oicticts, made a magnanimous king their captive ; and from
that distant period, downwai'd, the fortunes of their houses
have ever been more or less identified with Sussex interests and
Sussex history. Both at this day occupy an equal rank in
the English peerage, and although they no longer, like their
stalwart ancestors of other days, lead forth the mail-clad men
of Sussex to the field of sanguinary conflict upon a foreign
shore, they enjoy, at home, a no less glorious, and far more
beneficial, place in the bloodless annals of the arts of peace.

The capture of King John of France by Sir Rx)ger la Warr
and John de Pelham, was commemorated, according to the

i\i TilK BAlUiKS OF THE FAMILIES OF

fiisliion of chivalric times, bv an addition to their armorial
ensigns ; and theses Ikdges an* still borne by the Earl de la
Warr and the* Karl of Chichester.

The following aecoiuit of the origin of the Badges is given
in Collinses Peerage (Kdit. 17(58, ii, 87.)

** John de I\*lhani was a j)erson of great fame in the reign
of Kdward III. lie attended that victorious monarch in his
wars with the French, and was a com|>etitor in taking John,
king of Fnuice, prisoner at the battle of Poictiers, on Monday,
September l»th, IS.KJ, 3()th of Edward III. Froysart gives
an account, that with the king were taken, beside his son Phihp,
the Earl of Tankerville, Sir Jaques of Bourbon, the Earls of
I^onthimi and Eue, with divers other noblemen, who being
chased to Poictiers, the town shut their gates against them, not
suffering any to enter, so that divers were slain, and every
Englishman had four, five, or six prisoners, and the press being
great to taki» the* king, such as knew him cried, * Sir, yield, or
you arr dead! ' whereujK)n, as the chronicle relates, he yielded
liimself to Sir Dennis Alorbeck, a knight of Artois, in the
English service, and being after\vards forced from him, more
than t(»n knights and esquires challenged the taking of the king.
Among these (adds Collins) Sir Roger la Warr and John de
Ptdham were most concerned ; and in memory of so signal an
action, and the king surrendering his sword to them. Sir Roger
la Warr, Lord la Warr, had the Crampet or Chape of his sword
for a badge of that honour, and John de Pelham, afterwards
knighted, had the Buckle of a belt as the mark of the same
honour, which was sometimes used by his descendants as a seal
manual, and at others the said buckles on each side a cage,
being an emblem of the captivity of the said King of France,
and was therefore borne for a crest, as in those times was cus-
tomary. The buckles, &c., were likewise used by his descen-
dants in their great seals ; as is evident from several of them
appendent to old deeds."

Deferring the De la Warr badge to the end of this paper, I
propose first to illustrate the Pelham Buckle.

The surname of Pelham is derived from the manor of
Pelham in Hertfordshire, where, according to Madox (Hist.
Excheq. p. 395), there anciently stood a castle. Although the

PELHAM AND DE LA WARR. ~lo

first direct ancestor of the family ou record is Walter de PeUiam,
■who flourished in the reign of Edward I, there is little doubt,
as CoDiiis observes, that Pelham had been in the possession of
the family from the period of the Norman Conquest. The
Three Pelicans, the well-known coat of the family, were
formerly painted in the church of Pclham' a pretty certain
proof that that builduig had been erected by a family which
was aftei-wards to become remarkable for the number of reli-
gious edifices erected and enriched by its pious liberality.

This fact proves the high antiquity of the arms of Pelham,
which appear to have originated in the taste for punning so
observable in early heraldiy. Pel was the initial syllable for
' pelican ' — so it was for ' Pelham/ and this was sufficient.
In the oldest examples the pelicans were represented ' close,' i. e.
with their wings down ; afterwards the wiuga appear slightly
elevated ; and finally, they are upraised to their full extent. In
this manner they are now borne.

The subjoined woodcut represents the vaiious phases of
this ensign. Pig. 1 is from the spandrel of the western door
of Laughton church; fig. 2 is from a sculptured stone at
Robertsbridge abbey ; and fig, 3 is the existing mode of re-
presentation.

The Crest ' a peacock in his pride,' though of much later
adoption, also partakes of the same punning character.

The following genealogical table will serve to render more
inteUigible the notices of the Buckle and other armorial bear-
ings referred to in the course of this paper : —

' There are three conliguous imrUhes in Hertfordshire called reapectiTely Brent-Pelhain,
Stocking-Pelham, and Purneux-Pelhun, boE I am unable M slate which o[the diurches ia,
the one referred to.

THE BADGES OF THS FAMILIES OP

Waltek di Pelham, I>inl of Pelhwn in 129! (31 Edw. 1),

Lord alM of Cotunluuii, co. Kent, and of Twimtcd, oo. £s»ei :

dkd in 1292.

Walter de PeUum, in 28 Edw. I,
had ■ confimiatioD-gmit of lands at
tlailiham, Haneye, &c., in Suuei.

Thomai de EVIbUD. nn and heir, km living in 2 Edw. II.
Uii name otcan aa witness lo a datehsi deed of Lawrence
Lecole. coDCenung lands at Waldron. (A.)

Sir John de Pelhsm took John, King of France, prisoner, at the
batde of Poictien ; whence the ^cll)ani BttrMt. la 43 Edw. Ill
he was appointeil, by Sir John Sutton and Tbomu Teuwe, to
deliver leiiin of llicir manor of Laughton and hundred of Shiplalie,
CO. Suuei, lo Thomas de Vere, Earl of Oiford. In 1379-80
Arcliliishop Whittlesea appointed him master and anrveyor of his
bsilinick of Stoncham, in Ringmer. He espoused Joan, daughter
of Vincent Herbert, aliu Finch, hy whom be obtained certain pro-
perty at Winchelsea. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. (C.)

Sir John de Pelham, K. B., Esquire to John of Gaunt, Lord of
Pelham, Constable of Pevensey Caalle, and Knight of the Shire
for Sussei, temp. Henry IV. In the 2d year of that reign he
was High-Sheriif. He re-founded the Priory of Hastings, at
Warbleton ; and was buried at Robertsbridge Abbey, 1429. He
used for his sign-manual the Buckle of a Belt, and on each side
thereof the letters I. P. (1400). He married Joan Crownall (?),
who BO gallantly defended Peiensey Castle against the Yorkists.
This Sir John's rent-roll, dated 1403 (5 Henry IV},
proves him to have been lord (infer alia) of the manors tf
Laughton, Burwash, Crowhurst, &c. (D.)

PELHAM AND DE LA WARR.

Sir John de PelhBm,

only son, Conslahle of Pevensey Joan

Pelham, Agnes Pelham,

Castle, Lord of the

manors of Laught

a (with the wife

of Sir wife of John

hnndred of SMplske), Crowhuret, 'Burwaili. Dal- John St. Clair, Colbrond, of

lington, &c. His will it dated 36 H

n. VI. His or Seynclere. Boreham.

seal gives as a crest,

Caee; on each s

de thereof a

(F.)

Buckle. (E.) lie married Joan de Courcv, sen'aiit

to Queen CatheriDe.

"""

1
■ Sir John

1
'William

1
3 Thomaa

1 1 1
1 Catherine, married,

Pelham.

Pelham,

iirst, Bramshot ; after-

of Laughton,

wards, Lewknor, (J.)

anccEedeti ;

suraetied, w

= Cicely, maiTied Wa-

Alice Lewkenor,

died in 1503,

survivor of his

liamLunsford,ofE«st

but left Qo

and WHS huried

hrolheni;

Hothly. (K.)

at the New

died in 1516,

' Joan, marr. Covert ;

(G.)

Priory of

and WB£ huried

Warbleton :

at Laughton.

no issue. (H.)

=j= (I-)

(L.) '

William

Pelham, third so

n, and eventual su

cessor, rebuQt

Laughto

Place, in 1534,

ilied in 1538. and

was huried at

Laughton. From him descends, in the tenth generation, Henrj

215 U

Pelham, ^1

It is somewhat remarkable that TVoissart, whose iiiiuuteness
of detail in his account of the military traasactions of the
period is extraordinary, does not allude to the particular
cu'cumstance from which the Pelham badge originated. He
does not even record the name of Pelham. Walsingham,
Knyghton, Fabyan, and all the other chroniclers down to
Holinshed, are also silent upon it. Neither is there any pubUc
or private document confirmatory of the story, which rests upon
the simple authority of an undisputed family ti-adition. And
were this tradition unsupported by strong indirect evidence it
would have no better claim upon our credence than what is
usually accorded to sinular statements, few of which will bear
the test of historic investigation.

The earhest instance of any record of the circumstance that
occurs, is an inscription which, according to Royer's ' East-
bourne Guide,' pubUshed in 1789, existed at Laughton ; but
which has subsequently disappeaied. It was to the following

216 TUK BAUdKS or THE FAMILIKS (*¥

effect: — "Jokaii dt- i'dlium, datttt le (cii/jis de Edouard TU.
1350, « ta ffuerre de Poictiers, en pretiani le roi de 3-ancc
priaoiiier nroil doanipoiir Ensign d'hoHitcur la Boucle, H 7?(yef
la War, h- rhupf de Trpi-e: (a Boucle efuit porfee aut' fin-E
di'iu- rol.'-x d'linif Cat/': 15(1^."

The next iii'couiit is llmt given by Pliilipot, Somerset Hei
who, ill 103;;, drew up a pedigree of the family. That state-
ment is followed by CnlUiis.

U is uncei-tain whether the badge was actually borne bj
Sir John de Pelham himself, though there is curious presump-
tive evidence that it was. Although Sir John's family had
been settled in Sussex for several generations, they still retained
their original estate at Pelham. To show the probability of
the Buckle having been used by Sir John, it is necessary to
state that the church of Ware, eo. Hertford, having been given
to the monks of St. Elbnilf, at I'tiea in Normandy, in the 12th
century, a cell to their monastery was founded there. During
the WM^ between Edward III and the French, this estabhsh-
ment shared the fate of the other alien priories : it was confiscated
and let to farm at £200 per
annum ^ Attached to the pos-
sessions of the priory of Ware
was the church of Thunderich,
now rhundridge. On Thun-
dridge church the Pelham
Buckle unquestionably occurs,
once in the south spandrel of
the western door, and twice
upon a stone fixed in the south
wall of the tower. That over
the western door is represented
upon a kind of cockade or
ribbon - knot within a rude
quatrefoil. The lai-ger one on the south side of the tower ia
also placed upon a cockade, which occupies the centre of a
rosette, placed within a quatrefoil, and that within a circle;
the stone itself is square, and on the left hand side of "'-

[

PELHAM AND DE LA WARll. 217

towards the top, a small plain buckle is introduced.^ As the
family do not appear to have held any lands in the pariah, it
is difficult to account for the existence of the badge at this
church, except upon the supposition that Pelham obtained, in
reward for his services, a grant of the profits of a portion of
the confiscated property, and, becoming a benefactor to the
church of Thundridge, had his liberahty commemorated by
the placing of his badge upon the fabric, according to the
prevailing fashion of the times.

This supposition receives some sanction from the proximity
of Thundridge to Pelham, his old ancestral estate.

Su* John de Pelham, after a career of fame and prosperity,
found a resting-place, among several of his fellow-heroes, in
Canterbury cathedral, to which he had been a benefactor. It
will be seen by a reference to the pedigree {ante), that liis
ancestors had possessed the manor of Cottenham, in Kent,
and that he himself had held an office under Whittlesea, arch-
bishop of Canterbury. (C.) " His figure in armour, with the
arms of his family upon his breast," says Collins,* " was
painted in glass in the chapter-house of Canterbury." A
modeniised drawing of this painting was given in PaUipot's
pedigree of Pelham, which is engraved in CoUins's 'Baronage;'
but the original has unfortunately perished.

The evidence that Sir John de Pelham (D), the son and
successor of the Poictiers hero, used the Buckle as his badge
is quite positive. According to CoDins, he employed " the
buckle of a belt, and on each side thereof the letters I. P., as
his sign manual," in 1400. The priory of the Holy Trinity at
Hastings, originally founded in the reign of Richard I, by Sir
Walter Bricet, having been rendered uninhabitable by the
encroachment of the sea, Sir John assisted in the refoundation
of the estabhshment at Warbleton, some miles from the ori-
ginal site, upon his estate there, giving its inmates (according
to the licence of King Henry IV, dated 23d Oct. anno regni
14"), besides his lands and tenements at Warbleton, the benefit

' For the intimation of the exiatence of this early eiample
to W. H. Bloauv, Esq., Hod. Sec., itnd for the ekeCch from
hm beea mule, to Mrs. Blaauw.

' Peerage, edit. 1768, u, 87.

21S THE BADUEB OF THE FAMIiilES OF

of his iiiflnenco with that inonarch for a grant, for twenty
vrars. of th(' manor of Monkencourt, in Withjham, and the
chun'h x\ivn\ lutrly confiscated from the priory of Morteyn in
Fnmcc. This convent was thenceforth designated the "New
Priory." On the fann-lionse constructed in part from the
remains of this prion', the Kuckle occurs ; and I am infonned
that a few years since the wainscot of the interior was simi-
hirlv cleeorated.*

This Sir John de Pelham stood high in the favour of King
Henry IV, who, in the beginning of his reign, made him his
sworclhc^arer. It may not be deemed irrelevant if I submits
co[)y of the deed conferring this honourable office, with a
transhition, for the benefit of the numerous ladies who grace
the list of the Sussex Archaeological Society. I believe the
document has never been printed.

"llcnriciis (IV) Dei pratia, &c., omnibus ad quos presentes litersB per-
vt'iKTint salutciii. iSciatis quod de jrratia nostra speciali et consideratione boni
ct frratuiti senitii pt»r dilectuni et iidelem nostrum Johanneni Pelham^ Chivakr,
nol)i3 ant(» lia^ tenipora imponsi, concessimus eidem Johanni quod ipse pro
terinino vita* sua* glatiium nostrum iii nostra presentia loco et tempore lequisitis
deferrt' possit, salvo jun^ cujuslibet qui ofiicium illud fortuitu elamare Yoluerit
in fiituro. lu cnjiis rei testimoniimi has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes.
Tcsti? nuMpso apiul Wostiuonasterium xxiv die Octobr', anno regni nostri piimo.

" Per breve de jn-ivato sigillo." ®

(Tramlation.)
" llenrj' IT, by the grace of God, &c., to all to whom these letters shall
come, health. Know ye that we, of our special favour and in consideration of
the good and free ser\'ice formerly rendered us by our beloved and faithful
JohuPelliam, Knight, have granted to the same John, for the term of his life,
the right of bearing out stoorlJ in our presence at the place and time required,
saving the right of any person who may hereafter chance to claim that office.
In testimony of which we have caused these our letters-patent to be written.
Witness myself, at Westminster, the 24th day of October, in the first year of
our reign.

" By wTit of privy seal."

In the first year of Henry V, Sir John was a privy councillor
to the king, and ambassador to the French court, and in the

* In a survey (in the Augmentation Office, temp. Hen. VIII, but without date) of " The
Demaynes belonging to the New Priorye," mention is made of an inclosure called "Pelham
Garden f ij acres."

« Burrell MSS. 5702, f. 331.

^B PKLHAM AND DE LA WARK. 219 H

!^' following year the monarch committed to his custody James I, ^|

king of Scotland, who had been made prisoner by hia father ^m

ji in UOa. ■

J " Henricus (V) Dei gratia, &c., ommbuB ad quos, &c., aa!utem. Sciatia

W quod cum commiseriinua ddecto et fideli nostro Joliaani Pelham, Cliivaler,

I ouatodiam & giibernationem Jaeobi, regis Scotiaj, quamdiu nobis pkcuerit,

I Noa ex consideratione coucessiiaus eidem Johaimi pi'o suatentatioiie ipsins

re^s in victit et vestitu et aHb ueoesaariis sibi ineunibentibus, septengiutas

libras percipiendas singiUia aniiia quamdiu pitefatus Johamiea cnstodiam et

gubemattonem ejusdem regis habuerit, in certis locis prout inter concilium

nostrum & prwfatuDi Johanneni poterit concordari, ad terminos Paschie,

nativitatis S. Johannis Baptistse, S. Michaelis, et Natalia Domini, per sequales

portionea. In cajua rei testimonium haa literas noatras fieri fecimus patentes.

Tesfe meipso apud Westm, ssij die Februar', anno regni nostri secundo.

" Per ipsum Kegem." ''

(TranslaUon.)
" Henry V, by the grace of God, &e., to all to whom, S;c.. healtli. Know
ye that whereas we have conmiitted to our beloved and faithful John Pelham,
Knight, the custody and govemment of James, king of Scotland, during our
pleasure, we have, upon conaideration, granted to the aaid Jolin, for the
support of the same long, in food and raiment, aud other necessaries, seventy
poimds, to he received every year, aa long aa the aoid John shall have the
cuatody and govenuncnt of the king, in suet places as may be agreed upon
between our council and the said John, at the respective terms of Easter, the
nativity of St, John the Baptist, Michaehnas, aud Christmas, by equal por-
tions. In testimony of which we have caused theae letters-patent to be
written. Witness myself, at Westminster, the 32d day of Febniary, in the
second yeai' of oiu reign. By the King himself."

Returning from this digression, it may be remarked, that
there exists a rent-roll of Sir John's possessions in 1403,*
from which it appears that he was lord, inter alia, of
Laughton, Burglierse (now Burwash), Crowhiirst, all in
Sussex, and nmnerous other manors. Of his religious zeal
we have an instance in the foundation of Warbleton
Priory. He was Ukewise a benefactor to the abbey of
Rohertsbridge, and by his last will, dated 8 Feb., 1429,
directed his body to be buried there. So lately as 1831
there was remaining, among the ruins of that building, a

' There a little doubt that Perensey castle wos the prison of the unfortunate king ; Sir
John de Pelham being at this period conatahle of that fortress. There, a few years pre-
viously, Edward Duke of York had heen Pelham 's prisoner; and there, nl a euhsequent
(hile, Queen Joan of Navarre, llie wirto« of Uenvv W. piidiired « long i-aplivitv.

' Collins, u, fl2.

2^0

THE BAJHiKS OP THE FAMILIES OF

beaulifully-oirvcd stone, bearing the Ptlham Buckle, 8ur-
rouudcd with onmiuciitjil foliage — probably a fragment of his
tomb. On my last visit to the spot,
in 1S48, it had disappeared, and on
ijiquiry I was told tliut many cai*ved
stones (this doubtless among the num-
Iier) had been broken up to mend an
adjacent highway ! I consider myself
fortunate, therefore, in having preserv-
ed a sketch of so interesting a relic.^
Several of the churches standing within the manors held by
this eminent personage have the buckle carved on their stone-
work, proving the Pclhams to have been either the buUders of
or benefactors to those structures ; though it is doubtful
whether we ought to assign tlit-m to him or to one or more
of bis descendants.

His successor. Sir John
de Pelhain (E), gave on his
seal, as a crest, a ca^e upon
a helmet, and on each side a
buckle, emblematical of the
captivity of the
l-Veneh king. A
most exquisite im-
pression of this
seal, in the pos-
session of tlie Earl of Cliiches-
ter, was exhibited at the
Lewes meeting in 1848. The
cage has sometimes been used
by the family as a crest in
more recent times. '" The
counter-seal is a buckle, with
the letters I. P.

' Among other stones of which i made drawings, were several monuraental slabs vritb
crosses, a head of Christ, and a tragmcnl of an inarription for one of ihe family of
De Dodihuu. The arms of Fdham, figured at p. 213, having been liuilt into the garden
wan, eseaped destruction.

'" Historical and AUnsive Arms. 1803- Aa imperfect impression of this seal (pens;
A. U. Biirkilt, Esq., F.S.A.) is engraved in llie Journal of Ihe Brit. Archicological Asa
riation, vol. i, p. T^l.

PELHAM AND DE LA VVABR.

We have seen that the hero of Poictiers was connected with

tthe manor of Laughton in 43 Edward III. His successor

Tbecame its lord. The hundred of Shiplake, which is nearly

Rcoextensive with that manor, comprises the six parishes of

Mjaughton, Ripe, Chalvhigton, Chiddingly, East Hothly, and

l-Waldron. The church of Chalvington retains no evidence of

lihe good-wiU of the family; to the othn- tivi.' clninOn'M they

iTvere certainly benefactors. At Waltlron

tthe arms of Pelham, Azure, three peHcniis

I (close) argent, remain in one of the win-

jdows. The shield is evidently of hii^li

antiquity, and perhaps dates as far back as

Thomas (A), grandfather of the first Sir

John, who was connected with the parish

as early as the commencement of the reign

of Edward II.

Lavghton church became, after the dissohition of the
monasteries, the burial-place of the family. This edifice is
not remarkable for its architectural features. The chancel, in
a vault beneath which repose many members of this noble
house, has been rebuilt in recent times. Two or three simple
slabs and a few decaying hatchments alone mark the place as
the mausoleum of an ancient line. No ostentatious tombs, no
tasteless tablets, commemorate the noble dead. Few families
have been less addicted than the Pelhams to monumental
marble.

On the rood-loft beam are preserved two Pelham helmets,
one of about the time of Henry VII, the other of later date ;
the iron crest, " a peacock in his pride," belonging to one of
them, is still preserved, but a pair of gauntlets have disap-
peared. The tower of the church is in the perpendicular
style. The moulding of the western doorcase is tcrmmated
on each side by the Buckle, and the spandrels contain shields
with the (ancient) arms of Pelham on the dexter side, and
those of Colbrond, viz. a fesse ; on a sinister canton a
crescent — on the sinister. Agnes, daughter of Sir John Pelham
(E), married John Colbrond, of Boreham, ancestor of the
baronets of that name, and the arms of Pelham and Colbrond
occurring here in juxtaposition, afford probable evidence of
the erection of this church (or at least of the tower) about the

time of Henry V. It may be remarked, that the Colbronds
had lands in Laughton previously to that period, and that a
manor-farm, bearing their name, has been in the possession of
the Pelhams for about four ceiitiuies. The arms subsequently
borne by the family were different, viz. "azui-c, three levels,
with plummets, or."

Chiddingly church has some features of greater antiquity,
but the tower, with its fine stone spire and angle pinnacles, is
also of the perpendicular era. The moulding of the western
door, like that of Laughton, terminates with Pelham Buckles ;
but the shields in the spandrels are not charged with any
armorial coat.

Ripe church is a beautiful little structure, partly decorated
and partly perpendicular. Here again the Buckles occur on
the mouldings of the western door-case, but the spandrel
shields are uncharged.

The architecture of Easthothlif chm*ch is also of late cha-
racter. The moulding of the western door, as in the other
instances, finishes with Buckles, llie spandrel shields are
both charged with the arras of Lunsford, "a eheveron between
three boars' heads." The Luusfords were settled at Lunsford,
in the parish of Echingham, so early as the reign of Edward
the Confessor. They were resident, temp. Edw. IV, at
WhUigh, in this parish, and about that time Cicely (K),
second daughter of the third Sir John Pelham, espoused
WOham Lunsford, Esf]. This match fixes approximately the
date of the erection of the tower.

I avail myself of this opportunity to record an almost c
lete tradition associated with this doorway. Not many years
since, there was to be seen, near the top of the old oak door,
what looked like the dint of a large gim or pistol bullet, and
the story goes that it was caused by a shot fired by one of the
Lunsfords of Whiligh at the Pelham, who, at the date of the
event, resided at Halland, partly in this pEtrish. Pelham was
riding to church one Sunday morning in his carriage, when
Limsford, with whom he had had a quarrel, aimed the deadly
weapon at him, without effect, however ; for the bullet, after
passing through both panels of the coach, struck the church
door and did no further mischief. The bullet itself remained
for many years sticking in tlie wood, to attest the truth of the
legend.

This tradition, unsupported by documents, might be deemed
worthy of little credit, but there axe some letters in the Burrell
collection which go faa' to estabUsh its accuracy. The parties
in question were Thomas Lunsford, Esq., of "VVhihgh, and Sir
Thomas Pelham of Halland, the first baronet of his family,
who died in 1624. It appears from the tenour of the first
of the letters alluded to (which is too long for insertion here),
that one Constable, a servant of Sir Thomas Pelham, used
some opprobrious words of Lunsford ; whereupon the latter
writes to Sir Thomas, calhng upon him to chastise his
dependant. He reminds him of the former intimacy of the two
families, and of their alliance by blood, and demands such
atonement as is due to a kinsman and a gentleman. A second
letter relating to some sporting transactions in which Mr.
Lunsford makes reference to injurious reports raised against

334 TlIK HADCiKS OF THE FAMILIES OF

him touching the "coiit-ys aud hares" of Sir Thomas, foUowi
niid vrry «troiig langimgB is employed. AVliether the baronet
took any lueusiires to appease his kinsman is unknown, but it
would app<'ar that the correspondence wns followed up '
the nmrderous attempt alluded to in the tradition; for,
a letter from Francis Warnet, Esq., of Hempstead, to
Thomas Pelham, dated 10th December, 1621, he states that a
writ of ontlawTy has been issued against Mr. Limsford, and
dosircs hiui (Sir Thomas) to let him know the yearly value of
"VVhiligh, and that of the stock, begging, if he does not nisli
"to be anywayes seen in it" himself, that he will appoint
Mr, Constable, or some other of his men, to make the neces-
sary reiHii't. The residt of the outlawry is not known, but the
Liuisford pedigree states that the subject of it died in 163S,
and was buried at Greenwich." Three of his sons entered
the mihtary service, and were much distinguished in the Civil
Wars, which soon after broke out.

In the 17th century the Pelharas, then of Halland, built a
chapel or pew on the north side of the church, and placed
their favom-ite Buckle with the initials t. P. over the
doorway.

Thus much of the Pelham churches, in the hundred of
Shiplake. The remainder of the ecclesiastical edifices deco-
rated with this badge are principally situated in the rape
of Hastings, of which the family have for several centuries
been lords-paramount. Sir John de Pelham (D) had a grant of
the manors of Crowhurst, Bevelham (Bibleham in Mayfield ?),
and Burwash. In the first and third of these manors there
are churches, each ornamented ivith the family ensign.

Crowhurst church possesses little to interest the antiquary,
except its close proximity to the beautiful remains of the chapel
of the old manor-house (which was built at a period long
anterior to the acquisition of the estate by the Pelhams), and
the tower of the building itself. Here, as in the cases already
cited, the Buckle is introduced in the moulding of the door-
case, and also — in an interesting and tasteful manner — in the
tracery of the window above. The accompanying elevation
will explain the arrangement. Nailed to the front of the
gallery of this church is a Buckle in carved wood, which liaa

" Tlie Ihree lellers are prinlerl m full in Hie Ceiitleiimn's Mug- "«"

■net

tit IL

BADGES OP THE FAMILIES OF

aleo ornamented with Buckles carved upon some of the shields
which occupy each face of its octagonal basin. Both the

window and the font were probably presented to the chim;h by
the Pelhams soon after their acquisition of the manor.

At Ashburnham church the Buckle is found in its usual
situation on the moulding of the tower doorway. Its existence
here is easily explained by the alUance between the famihes of
Pelham and Ashburnham effected by the marriage of Joan
Pelham (L) to William Ashburnham, towards the close of the
fifteenth century.

The neighbouring chiu-ch of Penhurst, though it does not
exhibit the Buckle, has some evidences that the Pelhams were
among its benefactors. The following account is from Sir
Wilham Burrell's description of the bmlding written upwards
of eighty years ago :

" Of the painted glass in the chancel east window there remaina now only,
at the bottom of the middle light, an escutcheon turned upside down, charged,
t^\xaiiet\Y\, Sa: amulletofnx poinU arg ! Z and Z ermine ; ^ erminei^^ At
the top of the other two lights is a fine building in each. Above the said three

PELHAM AND DE

lights are four compBirtments. The most southerly is filled with an angel
depicted, having his imder garment reaching to his heels white ; a robe, criuiso
fringed with gold; wings of gold. On bis breast and oyer his body a
escutcheon with ar. three pelicans, close, vitlnin^ theimelve», arg. ft

At another church iu the same
vicinity, that of DaUin^gton, the
Bucklfi again occurs. On the para-
pet of the tower are two shields,
one charged with the arms of
Pelham, the other with a cross, and
flanked with two Buckles. Sir
John Pelham (E) acquired a grant o
the chase of DaUington, with which
at his decease, 36th Hen. VI, he en-
feoffed Sir John, his eldest son. By I
one of these personages DaUington 1
church, or at least this tower, was |
probably rebuilt.

The Sir John Pelham last mentioned (G) married a Lewknor,
and was a benefactor to the neighbouring church of Warbleton.
In the north window of the chancel there are several shields,
one of which is Pelham impaling Lewknor, and inscribed

228

BAIXiKS OF TIIR FAMILIES OF

nnvo. It lifis Ikvii iiuicli (lisfigim-d l)y reducing the height
<»f the wall iiiul thus cutting of!' the tracery of the mndows.
On the wTstcni end of this building is a shield, uncharged, but
probably iiiteiuled to receive the amis of Pelham. On the
south wall is a IJuckle, and on a buttress to the right a
Catlierinc wheel, which marks the dedication of the chapel.
The family pedigree iirescnts us with the name of a Catherine
Pelham (.1) who married first a Bramshot, and secondly a
Lewkuor, about the close of the 15th century, and by this
lady the chapel may have been erected in honour of her
patron saint.

Sir William Pelham (M), who was at the head of the family
temp. Henry VlII, rebuilt the mansion of Laughton Place, in
that reign. The existing farm-house, which comprises a
portion of his work, is ornamented on the front and on some
of tlie chimneys witli Buckles. Inserted in the brickwork
are several liighly-glnzed tiles, with a large Buckle and the
initials W.P. stamped in rehef.
On the circumference of the
Buckle is the legend,"LAN de

GRACE 1534 PVT CEST MATSO

PAiCTE." The badge is also
introduced into some beau-
tiful arabesque ornaments
cast in brickwork in various
parts of the interior of the
house. This ornamental
brickwork was doubtless
made in the neighborhood,
and it may be commended to
the notice of local lovers of
medieval art as a beautiful
and inexpensive species of
decoration worthy of adoption
in our own times.
At Halland Place, the more recent family seat, situated on
the boundary-line of the parishes of Laughton and Easthothly,
the Buckle was much employed. That magnificent Ehza-
bethan house, renowned for its hospitahty in the days of
Thomas Holies Pelham, Duke of Newcastle, was, after his

PELHAM AND HE l.A WAKR.

death, pulled down. A farm-house occupying a portion of
the site was constructed with part of the materials. lu tlic
front wall is introduced a carved stone, bearing the date 1 595,
and a shield, party per pale ; dexter the Peacock, sinister the
Buckle; a singular and very incon'ect mode of assembling the
crest and badge, and probably the first instance of placing the
Buckle upon a shield. A portion of the moulded bricks
which originally formed the top of an enriched basement of the
mansion has also been prcsei-ved. The ornament consists of
erect and inverted Bucldes alternately disposed, and the effuct
is extremely good.

A few years later, when badges had ceased to be worn upon
the habits of domestic servants, some members of the house
of Pelham seem to have been desirous of retaining their
Buckle, which might otherwise have fallen into disuse, by
making it part and parcel of their arnis. In the pedigree
drawn up at the Visitation of Sussex in 1G34, two Buckles
with a part of the belt attached are quartered as an
"augmentation." This is the Jirst instance of the formal
recognition of the Buckle by the Heralds, for in the previous
Visitation of temp. Elizabeth the pelicans only are entered.
The addition of the belts was displeasing to one branch of the
family. Among the Burred MSS. is an original letter,
written from London, 10th July 1G20, by Sir Thomas Pelham
to his " good cosen " Su- William Pelham, in which he says :

" IhaTereceiyed your letter Bind tlie book wliicli I sent joii, Li^cause you did
in a letter remember n eliamber in Laughton Honse, wherein were those anns of
intermariages of our house and with our house. I had don as you wish, had
conferred with a skUfuU herald, hut that I did so much dislike the altering, and
buying and seUiug of arms for gayne, as you might see in the Look. They

have added to the buckle a part of the g'trdU which I did never see

in all the seals of arms I have, OT on any eacuteheon."^'

Sir Thomas was doubtless annoyed to find that the ancient
badge of his house could only be introduced into h^ shield by
a new grant, the expenses of which he himself, as the head of
the famdy, would be called upon to defray. Sir Thomas, who
was the first baronet of the family, died in 1624. His son
and successor, Sir Thomas Pelham, seems to have entertained
no similar dislike to the objectionable " girdles," for at the

'' E\ iiif. W. Comiliope, Esq., Rouge Ci

230 BADGES OF THE FAMILIES OF

visitation of 1634, as above stated, the quartering, or "aug-
mentation," occurs as now borne, viz. gulea^ two demi-belU
pcdeicays^ the buckles in chief, arg,

I have lying before me the cover of a letter directed " To
the Right Honorable my singuler good Lord and brother the
Lo. Conway, principall Secretary to his Ma"*" etc. giue thease,"
and endorsed, " 6 Novemb. 1625, Sir William Pelham." The
seal is a buckle of rather fantastic fashion, with the date
"Dec. 22, 1596." Sir William was first cousin to Sir
Thomas, and the same personage to whom he had addressed
the letter above quoted a few years previously. The date so
singularly engraved upon the seal is perhaps that of his own
knighthood.*®

In more recent times, this celebrated historical badge has
been applied to a variety of humbler uses than the enrichment
of architecture and the aggrandisement of arms. It has been
adopted as the sign of a little inn at Bishopston, where the
Duke of Newcastle had a seat ; as an embellishment to cast-
iron chimney-backs in farm-houses ; as a mark for sheep ; and
as an ornament to mile-stones ; and throughout that part of
eastern Sussex, over which the beneficial influence of the family
extends, there is no " household word" more familiar than the
Pelham Buckle.

Paucity of information will Umit my remarks on the badge
of the De la Warrs to a few words.

The badge assigned to Sir Roger la Warr, for his share in
the capture of the French monarch, is variously described in
books of heraldry as the chape or crampet of a sword. It is
intended to represent the metal termination of a scabbard, and
is blazoned in Parker's ' Glossary' as, A crampet or, the inside
per pale, azure and gules, charged with the letter x of the first,

I have met with but two examples of this badge. Figure 1

*^ The cover belongs to a letter in the collection called the Conway Papers, edited by
Mr. Crofton Croker, and was most obligingly presented to me by Lord Londesborough,
K.C.H. and F.S.A.

PELHAM AND DE LA WARR.

231

is many times repeated upon the tomb of

Thomas Lord la Warr, in Broadwater

church. That personage died in 1526,

and this magnificent tomb was erected

not long subsequently. Another badge of

the fanuly, the leopard's head, jessant de

Us, accompanies the crampet.^^ Figure 2

is found in Gerard Legh's
' Accedens of Armorie'
(edit. 1562), where it is
described as a Crampette ^^' ^'^

Or, geuen to his auncesters for tahyng of the
Frenche kynge in fielded In this instance also
it is accompanied by another badge, derived
(Fig- 2.) fj.Qjj^ ^jjg Mortimers, viz. " a rose parted in

pale, argent and geules." The text r, which does not occur
in the Broadwater example, is introduced in Legh's. To its
meaning I have discovered no clue ; and it may originally have
been a mere ornament, which in the course of time assumed
this shape. ^^

^7 This badge is derived from the arms of the great family of Cantilupe, from whom tl^e
De la Warrs are descended by a maternal ancestor.

^ The substance of the foregoing paper was read at the first Congress of the Archaeo-
logical Association, held at Canterbury, in 1844, and was printed in Mr. Dunkin's Report
of that meeting. As the impression was limited to 150 copies, few of which found their
way into this county, I have been requested to reproduce it among the papers of the
Sussex Archaeological Society, with such additional particulars as have subsequently been
met vrith. The illustrations have been engraved by Mr. Utting, from my own drawings,
made on the spot.

232

CATALOGUE OF

DRAWINGS RELATING TO SUSSEX.

BY S. H. GRIMM,
IN TUE BODLEIAN LIBRARY.

COMMUNICATED BT

THE REV. H. WELLESLEY, D.D.

PRINCIPAL OF NEW INN HALL, OXFORD.

It has been long known that the British Mnseum possesses
a collection of drawings of churches, houses, &c. in Sussex,
executed by S. H. Grimm for Sir W. Burrell, Bart. An
accoimt of these has been published in the ' Catalogue of
; the MSS. Maps, Drawings, &c. in the British Museum,'

vol. ii, 8vo, 1844 ; but it is not perhaps so well known to
I Sussex antiquaries that there exists among Gough's Topo-

I graphical Collections, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, another

• valuable and important series of Sussex views by the same

■ hand, drawn in pen and Indian ink, in a clear, satisfactory

I style. The size of the majority of them is ten or eleven by

seven or eight inches, except the ' South side of Boxgrave
Priory Church,' the 'Arches at Slaugham,' and 'Pevensey
Bay,' which are on wider sUps, fifteen inches long.

In the belief that a similar catalogue of these has not yet
appeared, and may prove acceptable to the inquirer into
Sussex topography, the following list is presented, exhibiting
the inscriptions in Grimm's handwriting, at the comer of each
drawing.

"Page 8. South view of Chichester Cathedral. May 26th, 1782.

South-east view of Chichester Cathedral. May 27th, 1782.
P. 8, B. West end of Chichester Cathedral. May 26th, 1782.

Inside of the Townhall at Chichester, Sussex. June 14th, 1781.
P. 10, B. Outside of the Townhall at Chichester, Sussex, north side
formerly the church of Friary, now Mr. Franklin's house. June 14th, 1781.
Mrs. Franklin's House, near the townhall, at Chichester, Sussex.
It was formerly a Friary, of which the townhall was the church.
June 14th, 1781.
East side of the West Gate at Chichester. May 24th, 1782.
St. Mary's Hospital at Chichester, Sussex. June 16th, 1781.
Apuldrum, near Chichester, formerly a fortified tower, belonging to the
bishop, and still suiToundcd by a foss, now a fai*m. May 27th, 1782.

DRAWINGS RELATING TO SUSSEX.

', 11, B. Lewes Castle, from Mr. Shelly's inclosed down, Sussex, May
26tli, 178B.
P. 19. The Chapel of the Pbiauy at Aeundbl, taken firora tlie bridge.
Mm aOth, 1780.

EoiNs of Aeondel College. May 20tli, 1780.

St. Mary's Gate, Arundel, with part of Pilgrims' Hall Wall.

May 28th, 1780.
Church and College (the latter now the steward's house), at Akundel,
Suaaes, taken from the battlements of the Caatlekeep. June 6th, 1781.
P. 19, B. The Old Feiaky, near the bridge at Aeunuel, Sussex. May
20th, 1780.

The remains of Chalcedo, near Armidel, Sussex, formerly a cell to
Arundel Priory, or rather a place of confinement for refraetory monks.
June 6th, 1781.
P. 20. South view of Ambebly Castle, Sussex, May 17th, 1788.

NorthYiewofAMBERLY Castle and Church, Sussex, M^17th, 1788.
Upper or East Cottrt of Ambehly Castle, Sussex, representing the
north end of the great hall. The doorway next the tree on the right
hand leads to the kitchen, which is seen on the outside of the uorth
wall. July 17th, 1788.
West Cocrt of Ambebly Castle, Sixaaex. May 17th, 1788.
P, 20, B. South side of the Phioky Chukch of Boxgrave, near Chichester,
Sussex, founded by Kobert de Haya, in Henry the First's time. It bad a
great benefactor in William d'Aubigny, Earl of Arundel, who married Adeliza,
Dowager of Henry the First. Their heads are in the inside of the east window,
in the estremitiea of the miter over the window. The old house, standing
before the chureh on the right hand, was formerly the vicarage, but now in-
habited by the sexton. The stone marked BXI stands on the top of an arched
buttress, on the right hand, in the place marked N Z. June 7th, 1781.
East view of the Eepectoey and north view of the Priory Church
of BoXGROYE, near Chichester, Sussex. (The Refectory is now a
bam.) June 8th, 1787-
P. 30. The Priory Church of Boxgeove, and part of the Eefectoiy, Sussex.
East view. May 83d, 1782.
Section of the Refectory of Bosgrovb Prioey, near Chichester,

Sussex, now a bam. June 8th, 1781.
North-east view of an old Barn, formerly the Eefectory of Boxgrove
Priory, near Cliichester, Sussex, June 8th, 1731,
P. 24, The south end of the Hall in Battle Abbey, Sussex, June 14th,
1783,

Vault in the inside of the Gateway of Battle jVbbet, Sussex.

Jime 15th, 1783.
The West Front of Battle Abbey, Sussex. June 15th, 1783.
South end of the Eefectoey of Battle Abbey, Sussex. June 18th,
1783.
P, 24, B. East end of the Gateway of Battle Abbey. June 16th, 1783.
East view of Battle Ajjbey, in Sussex, with the Cloisters. June IStli,

1783.
East side of Battle Abbey IIbpectory. June 18th, 1783,
ITie Gate ofBATTLE Abbey, Sussex. June 14th, 1783.

234 CATALOGUE OF DRAWINGS

P. 26. The Cellar under the Refectory at Battle Abbey, Sussex. June
14th, 1783.

Heads on the South Front and in the Souterrain of Battle Abbey.

June 14th, 17S3.
Inside of the Refectory of Battle Abbey, Sussex. June 15tli, 1783.
Bramber (/ASTLE, from the Ti-indmill above Stevning, Sussex. May
16th, 1788.
P. 26, B. South-west \iew of Steyxixg Church, Sussex, June 4th, 1781.
Whiston, in the neighbourhood of Stevning, Sussex, the seat of — Goring,
Esq. This old family seat of the Gorings was originally as large again ;
half of it was destroyed in the c\y\\ war of King Charles I. June 4th, 1781.
West end of Whiston Church and South end of Whiston House,
the ohl seat of the Gorings, near Steyning, in Sussex. Jime 4th, 1781.
North-east view of the Church and Vicarage House at Steyning,
Sussex, of which the latter is a part of an old nunnery. The nave of
the church is Nonnan ; the rest of different Gothic parts. June 5 th, 1 7 8 1 .
P. 28. Pevensea Bay, from Hastings to the Sea-houses at Easeboum, with
a new of Easeboum town, and the Sea-houses and Pevensea Castle, in a
distance. May 23d, 1785.
P. 28, B. Xorth-east view of the Bridge and Church of Old Shoreham,
Sussex. May 21st, 1782.

South-west view of the Church of New Shoreham, Sussex.

May 20th, 1782.
North-east view of New Shoreham Church, in Sussex. May 20th, 1782.
Pevensy Castle, from Warking Road, Sussex. June 22d, 1783.
P. 29. Inside of Hastings Castle, Sussex. June 5th, 1784.

Square Tower and Sallyport in the front of Hasting Castle,

Sussex. June 5th, 1784.
The Rocks of Hastings Castle, Sussex ; from the bathing-houses.

June 5th, 1784.
Hastings Castle, Sussex, from the road along the rocks west of the
Ferry. June 5th, 1784.
P. 29, B. Inner Court of Pevensea Castle, Sussex, with the north
entrance Tower; taken from the Dungeon Hill. June 2 2d, 1783.

Inner Court of Pevensea Castle, Sussex, with the Dungeon HiU,

taken from the north entrance. June 2 2d, 1783.
Outside of the north entrance to the Inner Ballium of Pevensey

Castle, Sussex. June 22d, 1783.
West view of Pevensey Bay and the Sea-houses at Easeboum, Sussex.
May 22d, 1785.
P. 30. The Gateway of Arundel Castle. May 20th, 1780.

The Keep and Gateway of Arundel Castle, from the Court.

May 20th, 1780.

View of the Court and Gate Tower of Arundel Castle, from the

Steps at the entrance of the upper part of the Keep. June 6th, 1781.

Bevis's Tower in the Precinct of Arundel Castle. May 20th, 1780.

P. 32. South-west view of a part of the Abbey of Eotherbridge, vulgarly

caQed Eobertsbridge, in Sussex. The Euin on the right is the Church,

now a shapeless lump of rubbish, a fanner having burnt the stone facings

and mouldings to lime. June 20th, 1783.

RELATING TO SUSSEX.

V. 32, B. North Front of the Insids and Gateway of Bodiham Castle,
Sussex. June lat, 1784.

East view of the Intbkkal Part of Sodiham Castle, Susses.

June iBt, 1784.
Front of Bodiham Castle, Susses, with the Gateway, seen through

an outer gate or barhican. June 1st, 1784.
Inside of BoDiHAM Castle Gate, Sussex. June Ist, 1784.
P. 34. Inside of the Fsiaby Chapel at Winchblbea, Susses. June 4th,
1784.
Friary and Chapel at Winchelsea, Snsaes, irom the South aide of
Mrs. Luxford's Garden.

(N. B. In this pkce the notorioua Westons were hid, till their fate
brought them to London. June 4th, 1784.)
Sonth aide of Winchelse* "Church, Sussex, June 4th, 1784.
North yiew of the Landgate at Winchelsba, Sussex, June 4th, 1784.
P. 34, B. South side of Winchelsea Landgate, Sussex. June 4th, 1784.
Inside of the Landgate at Wjnchelsea, Susses. June 4th, 1784.
P. 36. Ipees Towbe, now the Gaoi at Eye, in Sussex. June 2d, 1784.
The North-west or Landgate at Rye, in Sussex. June 2d, 1784.
Eye, with a distant view of Winchelsea, Susses. Jime 3d, 1784.
Campbrwell Castle, and a distant view of B,ve, in Sussex, from the
south side of Winchelsea road. June 4th, 1784.
P. 36, B. The sonth or Strand Gate at Eyi;, in Sussex. June 2d, 17S4.
Brede Place, near Eye, in Sussex, formerly the mansion of the

Oxenbrigge's, now inhabited by poor labourers. June 3d, 1784.
South EntranceofMAYFiELDllALL, Susses, 17 ft. Sin. long, 13 ft. lin.
wide, lift. 9 in. high. June 11th, 1783.
P. 37. South Front of Maypield Palace, Sussex, 13 luilea from Tunbridge
Wells. June 11th, 1783.

North-east view of the Buttery and Staircase of Maypield Palace,

Sussex. June 10th, 1783.
North-west view of the Palace and Hall at Mayfield, Sussex, called
by some St. Dunatan's Palace ; formerly a TiUa of the Archbishops of
Canterbury. June 10th, 1783.
East side of Mayfield Palace, Sussex. June 11th, 1783.
P. 37, B. Sonth side Ornaments and Doorways in Mayfield Hall,
Sussex. June 11th, 1783.
North side Oknaments in Mayfield Hall, Sussex. May llth, 1783.
View of Bayham Abbey, Sussex, from the West side of the Abbey

Gate. June 12th, 1783.
South view of Bayham Abbey, Sussex. June 12th, 1783.
P. 39. The North Transept of Bayham Abbey Church, Sussex. Joiia
13th, 1783.

The Inside of the East end of the Abbey Chdrch at Bayham, Sussex.

June 13th, 1783.
Chapel in the south Aiale of Bayham Abbey Chorch, Sussex. June

12th, 1783.
Close on the south side of Bayham Abbey, Sussex. June 12th, 1783.

286 CATALOGUE OF DRAWINGS

P. 39, B. North View of the Rocks alwut Great-upon-Little, near

Wakehorst House, Sussex, in the parish of West Hoadley. May 14!, 1780.

Curious Rock in Boarshead Street, near Tunbridge Wells, Sussex.

May 17th, 1785.
Rocks by Buxted, in Sussex, called the Vineyard, as there was formerly
a plantation of vines, which throve well, being sheltered from the cold
wmds and open to the meridian sun. May 28th, 1785.

(N. B. The rock which makes the foreground is hollowed out for a
habitation.)
Outside of the Rock Habitation of the Vineyard Rocks, near
Buxted, in Sussex. May 28th, 1785.
P. 40. Great-upon-Little, near Wakehurst House, Sussex, in the parish of
West Hoadley, three or four miles from East Grinstead. May l^th, 1780.
Great-upon-Little, with some of the adjoining Rocks, near Wakehurst

House, Sussex, in the parish of West Hoadley. May 14th, 1780.
Part of the Rocks about Great-upon-Little, Sussex, in the parish of
West Hoadlev; south view. May 14th, 1780.
P. 40, B. West side of the Rocks near Tmibridge Wells. June 8th, 1783.
The Eridge Rocks, in the neighbourhood of Tunbridge Wells, Sussex.

May 17th, 1785.
South view of the Pen Rocks, in the neighbourhood of Tunbridge

Wells, Sussex. May 15th, 1785.
South-west view of the Pens Rocks, in the neighbourhood of Tunbridge
W^ells, Sussex. May 15th, 1785.
P. 41. South-west view of the Penns Rocks, near Tunbridge Wells, Sussex;
taken from the road to the house. May 15th, 1785.

South side of the Rocks, near Tunbridge Wells, Sussex. June 8th,

1783.
North-east view of Penns Rocks, near Tunbridge Wells, Sussex.
May 15th, 1785.
P. 42, CissBURY (the Camp of Cissa), from the North-west side of the
village of Findon, Sussex. May 16th, 1780.
FiNDON Place, Sussex. May 16th, 1780.

Church, House, and Bridge, at Trotton, in Sussex. May, 30th, 1782.
P. 42, B. Entrance to Halnaker House, near Chichester, belonging to the
Duke of Richmond, whose parck of Goodwood it joins, but formerly a
seat of the Lords Delaware. June 15th, 1781.

Inner Front of Halnaker House, near Chichester, Sussex, belong-
ing to the Duke of Richmond, but formerly one of the seats of the
Lords Delaware; it is so ruined that it is even abandoned by the farmer,
and only inhabited by a poor old French woman and her family ; she
is one of the Duke's dependants from his French Duchy of Aubigny.
It retains still some things of its ancient splendor. The Gothic
windows on the right of the doorway belong to the hall, of which part
of the gallery and (especially the east end), the carved wainscoat
remains, with coats of arms of the noble families allied to the
Delawares, the royal arms of Harry VIII, ornaments suiting the
taste of that period, and a door in each comer, leading to the cellar
and buttery, with a Gothic Bacchus over it holding out cups, one has
the inscription come in mid drinks the other le% bien venns, both in the

KELATlNCi TO SUSSEX. 237

Germftn taste ; there ia a full-length picture of Sir — Morley, in tlie
habit of the Order of the Bath, with his Squire. The biiilitiiig on the
right hand, with high chiiunies and a window and gnte at the end
of it, contains n long painted gallery full of the coats of arms of the
Dekwares, &e. The uttermost huUding to the left, with the broad,
low, how ivindows, contains a large kitchen and chininey, emhlema
of the old hospitality. This building ia gradually demolishing to
funiish materiaU for barns and stables.
View of WoLSEMBUKY Hill, from Herat Churchyard, Susses. May
15th, 1780.
1'. +3. Outside of the Gateway of MichblsamPeioey, Sussex. JiuiclOth,
1784.
North side of Michblham Peiobt, Sussex. June 10th, 1784.
Gateway and south-west front of Michelhau Prioey, Sussex.

June 10th, 1784.
North-west View of Michelham Peiory, Susses. June 10th, 1784.
P, 56. Plan and Elevation of Vbrdly Castle, near Midhurst Sussex.
Inside of the Ruin of Verdly Castle, near Cowdry in Susses. May

31st, 1782.
Outside of the Euins of Vbbdly Castle situated in a beechwood in a
deep Tale be!ongi3ig to Lord Viaeount Montague, 4 miles from Cowdry
in Sussex. There ia no mention made of it by any author, tradition
reports that it was destroyed in the time of the Danes, It is otdy
known to such ss hunt the Martin cat. May 31st, 1783.
SuELBRED Peiory near Midhurat, Sussex, now a fann belonging to
Lord Viscount Montague of Cowdry. May 36th, 1790.
P. B6, B. The Parsonage House at Terrimg in Sussex, consisting of the
remains of a Chapel erected by Thomas a Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury.
June Sit, 1781.

Broadwater Church, Sussex. May 16th, 1780.
Knep Castle in the Rape of Bramber, Sussex. North-cast view. Juno
3d, 1789.
P. 57- PoYNiNG in the Sussex Downs, with a ruin of the seat of the Lords
Gioring. May 15th, 1780. Behind the hill to the left is the Devil's ditch,
an old extensive camp.

South Front of Wilmington Priory, Sussex. June 33d, 1783.
West Front of Wilmington Priory, Snasex. June 13th, 1783.
South Front of Easeboen Priory, Sussex, taken from the South comer
of the garden. May 23d, 1780.
P. 57, B. Wakehurst House, Sussex, May 14th, 1780 ; built in Edward
Sixth's time.

CucKFiBiD in Sussex. May 15tt, 1780.
Hallend in Sussex, cast front. June SSth, 1783.
The Peiory of Harduam, alias Farringhara, originafly Hauteraye in
Sussex, founded in the time of Heniy TI, now a farm. May 31st, 17S0.

238 DRAWINGS RELATING TO SUSSEX.

P. 58. RocTON House, Sussex. May 25th, 1782.

The House of Lord Egremont, at Petworth, in Sussex. On this spot
stood fonnerly the old family seat of the Percys, Earls of Northum-
berland. May 22d, 1780.
BosEUAM, in Sussex. May 26th, 17S2.

South-east View of the Ancient House of the Earls of Arundel,
at Stansted, Sussex, now converted into stables. May 25th, 1782.
P. 58, B. Arches in the North Front at Slaugham, Sussex. May
31st, 1787.

General View of the Ruins of Slaugham House, Sussex. May

31st, 1787.
West Front of Hallend, in Sussex, one of the houses of the Pelhams ;
it was sometimes inhabited by the late Duke of Newcastle, now by a
fanner, and {^ing fast to ruin. June 24th, 1783.
P. 59. The Nunnery at Rusper, near Horsham, Sussex. June 2d, 1781.
South-west view of Climpino Church, Sussex. May 22d, 1782."

SUSSBZ TIIilB.

Ca^r^^^^^P^^B ^H

airasEX tileb.

I. RnitmitoB.

n. LewesPrioir.Povniiin.EontedKcjnDa. V, Ito.

III. lio. Do. [to. Vl, Do,

irangs, ncrt

'. Leww Friotj, Parangs, ncrst«d Keyi

239

SUSSEX TILES.

BY MR. WILLIAM FIGG.

WITH TWO ILLUSTRATIONS.

The remains of pavements formed of decorative tiles
have of late attracted much attention among archaeologists,
both as regards their use in our churches, and in the domestic
edifices of our ancestors. The investigations concerning this
branch of ornamental decoration have been made with so
much care and attention, that it would be superfluous to
make any general observations upon the subject in this place,
as they have been illustrated in the Journal of the Archaeologi-
cal Institute, the Journal of the Archaeological Association,
the Examples of Decorative Tiles, by J. G. Nichols, F.S.A.,
the Gentleman's Magazine, and other publications.

Great varieties of examples have been found in Great Britain
and in Ireland, of almost endless design, and of various dimen-
sions. Sussex furnishes its share of these curious relics of
mediaeval art, and interesting examples have been found at
Lewes Priory, Horsted Keynes, Etchingham, Poynings,
Chichester Cathedral, Boxgrove, Rustington, &c. &c. &c.;
they consist of armorial bearings and ornamental designs in
considerable variety.

It has been my object in the accompanying illustrations, to
place before the Sussex Archaeological Society, some of the
most interesting examples from different parts of the county.

240

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTICES

OF THE

IRON-WORKS OF THE COUNTY OF SUSSEX.

BY MK. MARK ANTONY LOWER.

Since the publication of Vol. II of the Siissex Archceoloffical
Collections, I have met with several interesting illustrations
of the history of the once important Manufacture of Iron in
Sussex, which seem equally deserving, with the facts recorded
in my previous memoir, of preservation in the publication of
this Society.

To our valuable member, W. D. Cooper, Esq., F.S.A., I am
indebted for the following highly important notices, dis-
covered by him in that extensive repertory of historical
docmnents, the State-Paper Office.

In 1573 (No. 96), there is a declaration by Christopher
Barker, to the council, of the great consumption of oaken
wood in Sussex, Surrey, and Kent, by the iron-mills and
furnaces.

In January 1574 (No. 15), there is a petition from Ralphe
Hogge, " manufacturer of guns and shot for the Ordnance
Office," to the council, complaining of the infringement of
the patent granted him by the queen, for the sole exportation
of ordnance ; whereupon a return was procured on Feb. 15th
following (No. 18), giving a list of the owners of iron-works
in the three counties. The chief men were simimoned before
the council, and from the others bonds were taken, under a
penalty of £2000, not to found or sell ordnance without
Ucense from the queen. The list alluded to (so far as relates
to Sussex) is as follows : the remarks within brackets I have
added for the sake of illustration.

IRON-WOBKS OP SUSSEX.

" Stephen Collins, 1 fordff, in Laviberherse.
The Lord Montague, \fordg, inffrmint (Frant), in ike hands
of John Porter.

[Sir Anthony Browne, flret Viscount Montagu, waa of Cowdray and Battel Abbey.
Jolia Porter, a cadet of the family of that nanae, at Bnyham, resided, temp. Elii.,
at Lamberburst. He built Coiul Lodge, in that parish.]

„ Breechers (?), \ fordg, inffraunt,in the hands of Mr.
Wyberne and Mr. Leeche.

Tlie Lord Abergavenny, 1 fordg, 1 furnace, in Waierdowne
{forest) .

John Barham, ijfordgs, inffraunt, in other men's hands.

Nicholas ffowle, ifordg, \ furnace, in Wadeherst.

Arthwr Mylton, i furnace, in Netherfeld (Battel).

Wnt. „ iftmace, in Netherfeld.
„ ffanner, i furnace, in „

Sir Thomas Gresham, i furnace, in Magfelde.

[The celebrated founder of the Royal Bxchai^ ; possessor of Mayfield Palace.]

„ Isted, ifordg, in Magfelde.

[Prohahly Richard Isted of Morehouse, in Mayfield.]

Sir John Pelhain, ij fordgs, i furnace, in Dalington, Heihe-
feld, Watdron, a?id Brightling, in other men's hands.

[The last three were subsequently, and until a comparatively recent dafe, worked
by the fcmily of Puller.]

Sir Richard Baker, i furnace, in Dallington.
Sir ryehard Baker, ij fordgs, ij furnaces, in Heaihfelde and
Warbleton.
S' Robert Tirwett, ifordge, \ furnace, in Echingham, in the

handes of Glede.

[The Tyrwhitta of Kettleby, oo. Lincoln, held Etchingham and Salehurst, as repre-
sentatites of the Echynghama, at this period.]

S' Henry Sydneye, ifordg, i furnace, in Bobertsbrydge.

[Ancestor of the Earls of Leicester, and proprietor of the ahhey of Hobertsbrii^.]

„ Bugsell (?), ifordg, in. Salehurst.
Mr. Fynche, ifordge, in Netherfelde, or fhereaboute.

[Ancestor of the Eaiti of Winchelsea. The family were, for a long penod, owners
of Netherlield, in Battel, and anciently resided there.]

Mr. Ashbwmham, ij fordgs, \ furnace, in Ashhumham.
The Lord Bacres, i fordg, 1 furnace, in Buckholt, in the
handes of Jeffreys.

[Lord Dacre, of Ilerslmoncenx Caslie. Buckholt is in the parish of Bexl-'"

111. 16

242 I RON -WORKS OF

Bartholomew Jefferay, the person referred to as tenant, was a member of the
eminent family of this name at Chiddingly, lieing nephew to Sir John Jefferay,
Chief Baron of the Exchequer. His will, dated 8 Dec., 17th EHz., directs that
Thomas Aulfrey ** have the vse and gou'nance of Im j^otye^ ffwrnaeey and woda
for five years, for the pa}'ment of his debts." — Lewes Registry of Willa.3 .-J "

Nynyan Buncelly i furnace. ' ]

[A clerical error for Burrell — of Cuckfield.]

Ralphe Ilogge, i furnace [at Buxted].

The Lord ojf BucJcherst, i fordg, in fflctchyngy in the hands \
of Mr, Leech,

[Richard Leche, Esq., whose costly monument exists in Fletching church. He
died in 1596, as he " was coming out of the office of high sherief of the coontys
of Sussex and Surre."]

TliC Lord of Buckherst, i fordg, in Ashefelde, in the hands
of Mr, Relf

Anthony Morleg, ifordg, i furnace, in Freshfeld and Horsted

[Keynes ?j.

[A. Morley of Glynde. Freshfield is on the Ouse, near Fletching.]

Mr, Barringhton, i fordg, 1 furnace, in Herste [Horsted]
Kaynes,

Mr, Challoner, 1 fordg, in Ardinglye,

Mr, Challon\ and Mr, Covert, i forge, i furnace, in Slaugham,

Mr, Mighell, i furnace, in Hoadlee [Hothly].
„ Reynoldes, i furyiace, in Mylplace.
„ Payne and Duffild, ifordg, i furnace, in [E.] Grynsted,

The Lord of Buckherst, i fordge, i furnace, in Parrock^ in
the hands of George Bullen,

The Quenes Md'% 1 fordg, 1 furnace, in Ashedoione [forest],
in the hands of Henry Bowyer,

[Ashdown forest was in the hands of the Crown.]

Robert Wldtfelde, i fordge, in Rowfraunte.

[Rowfant, in the parish of Worth. Robert Whitfeld, Esq., who had a seat there,
was a collateral ancestor of Thomas Whitfeld, Esq., of Lewes.]

Henry Boyer, i fordge, in Tynsley,

[Probably Henry Bowyer, of Cuckfield, son of John B., of Hartfield. Vis. Sussex,
1634.]

Henry Boyer, i furnace, in Moore forr est, [Qy. in Petworth.]

The Lord Ahergaveny ( ^" ^^J' ^ Z^^-' £

TheEarles of Darby andSurrey ^ j^^^ of Eaffdde.

Mr, John Gage, i fordg, i furnace, about Copthorn andLyng-^
felde, in the hands of Thorp.

[In Surrey. The Thorpe family resided, however, at Gibsaven, in the parish of
Worth.]

r THE COUNTY OF SUSSEX. 243

■■ The Queues Ma*\ 1 fordge, in St. Leonarden (forest), in the

l^ands of Roger Grattogck,

Bjjr Boger Grattogck, \ furnace, in Ifelde (Ifield).

*f [W. G. K. Gratwicke, Esq., is descended, in the seventh generation, from the

iron-master here indicated, who, in 1570, resided at Ham. — Berry's Suss. Gen.
p. 169.]

7%e late Earle of Northumberland, i fordg, i furnacey in
Petworth Great Park, in the hands of Mr, BlackwelL

^ [Vide Vol. II, p. 215.]

^ Thomas Smyth, of Petworth, ifordg, 1 furnace, in Shillinglee.

B Thomas Gratwyck, ifordg, in Donsfolde [Surrey].

The Lord Mountague, i fordge, i furnace, in Hasellmore, or

i thereabout, [Surrey.]

Thomas Worge, i furnace, in Bchingham,
Bartholomew Jeffrey, i fordge, i furnace, in Buckholde,

[Vide p. 242, ante.]

Then follow 3 " fordges" and 1 furnace, in Surrey \ and
next,

Dyversfordgs and furnaces, in Burwashe, of Collyns, Mayes,
and others,

Dyvers fordgs andfurnasses, in Battayle, of Wykes, Jeffreys,
and others,

[All gentry fEunilies.]

Dyversfordgs and furnaces in Marshfield, Bucksted, Branch-
felde, and Uckfelde,

[Maresfield, Buxted, Framfield, Uckfield.]

Dyversfordgs and furnaces in Hartfelde and Wy thy ham.

Bonds were taken from

William Walpole, of Fitlehurste (with his arms on seal).
Bobert Baynolds^ of Bast Grenestede,
John Faulkner, of Waldern.

nomas Gratmck, ofSherfold (Shemfold?) (with his mark).
Boger Gratwyk, of Sullington,
Thomas Isted^ of Mayfeld,
Thomas Glide, of Burwashe,
John Bversfeld, of Moore, gent.
Stephen CoUeyns, of Lamberhurst.

Nicholas Fowle, of Mavill {Mayfield), " for furnes and forge
in Wadhurst."

244 IRON-WORKS OF

Robert Hodson (Hodgson), of Franckfeld.

[Poundsley furnace, in FramfidcL]

Arthur Myddleton^ of Betherfeld (Rotherfield), for furnaces
called Huggens and Maynard's Gate.

John Palor (?), of Betherfelde, for Howbome forge.

[Howboume, in Buxted.]

Jfohn Carpenter^ of Fraunte, called Bunklaw.
William Relf of Warhleton^ for a forge at Crowhurst.
T/iomaa May, of JFinchehey, for a " furnes" at Echingham.
John Stace, of Ashurst,
John Thorpe, of Bast Grenstede,
John Duffold, of East Grenestede.
Robert Wliitfyldey of Worth,
George Bulleyn, of Hartefeild (seal with his arms).

[Probably of the Hever Castle family, and consequently a relative of the Queen.]

Nicholas Pope, of Buckstede, for a furnace at Hendall.
Tliomas Colleyns, of Brightlinge, " Stockens (Socknersh)
furnace."

Alexander Fermer, of Botherfeld, a furnace called Hamsell.

Nynion Challonery of Cohefeld.

George Maye, of Burwashe, a forge called Budgell.

John Baker, of Battell.

Thomas Hay e, of Hastings, Netherfelde fumes (in Battel).

John Gardener, of Asheburnham,

[He was of Kitchingham, in that parish.]

Tliomas Ellis, of Biblesam (Bibleham, in Mayfield).
Bobert Wodday, or Woody, of Frant, BenehaU forge.
Bartholomew Jeff ray, of Boksell (Bexhill).
Sir Thomas Gresham, Knt, (of Mayfield).

In another paper of the same date (No. 56), there is a list
of persons summoned to the council, and of furnaces ; and the
following additional names are given :

John Ashebornham, of Ashebornham, for a furnace called
Pannynges, a furnace in Asheburnha^n, a forge at the same
place, and a forge in Penhurst,

[Pannynges is doubtless identical with Pannyngridge. Vol. II, p. 185.]

Sir Alexander Culpeper, Knt., " lyving at my lord Montagues
house."

THE CODNTY OF SDSSEX,

245

f Michael Blackwell, a furnace at Northchapel.
J John Blacket, a furnace at HotUey (West Hothly).
^iSoderi Reynold, a forge at Brambletynnc (Brambletye),

I Anthony Morley, a furnace called Horsted Keynes.

[The ^te bUU belongs to bis descendant, tlie Hon. Gen. Trevor.]

I John FauJcener, a forge in , and a forge in Marsfelde.

^ John Frenche, & forge at Chiddingly.
Thomas StoUyan, " a fumes called Waldem fumese," Priory
Bea {Warbleton), Briyhtliny forge, and Wardleto?i forge.

[He was ofWarbleton.]

John Collyns, " a forge in Burwashe, called the Neither
forge." ^
Simon Caiman, " a fumes called Batteforde fumes."

[Batsfbnl, in Warblemn ?]

Bichard Wicke, "a fumes called Neither/eld fumes, and a
orgs iu Mundfelde" (Mountfield).
Sir John Baker, Knt., a furnace and a forge in Withihavi.

These documents supply us with the following sites of iron-
works, in addition to those comprised in my topographical
summary in Vol. II; namely, Etchingham, BexMO, Uckfield,
Hartfleld, Mountfield, Brambletye, &c.

Tliey also furnish the following additional names of families
who were cither iron-masters or proprietors of iron-works.

Abergavenny (Lord).

Fermor.

Pelliani.

Barrington.

Fanner.

Payne.

BuUen.

Gresliain.

Porter.

Buckhurat (Lord).

Gage.

Eaynolds.

Bowyer.

Gratwick.

Belfe.

Blacket.

Glide.

Smytli.

ChaUoner.

Gardener.

Stace.

Carpenter.

Hay.

Surrey (E

Ciilpeper.

Istfd.

Stollyon.

Colman.

Jefferay

Tyrwhitt.

Dacre (Lord),

Leche.

Whitfeld.

Derby (Earl).

May.

"Wykes.

Duffield.

Montague (Lord),

Walpole.

Ererafield.

Myddlet^n.

Wybem.

Ellis.

Mawge.

Wodday.

Finch.

MigheU.

Faultier.

Northumberland (Earl).

' In my fonner paper on the Sussex Iron-works {Stuaex jirch. Coll, Vol. II, p. 178), is
^ven a representation of the (furious cast-iron monument of Jhone Colins, in Burwanti
church. From ibis it would eeein that the CuUinses ol that place carrio) on the trade for
a long period. The CoUiiiaes of Brightliiic and Loiuhethnrit were prolmbly
from I hem.

246 IRON-WORKS OP

From a return of royal mills, made in 1608, it appears that
the crown was, at tliat date, in possession of the iron-works in
St. Leonard's Forest :

" Parcell possessionu nuper
Diicis Norff. excambiat,

Molcndm fcrr cu "j ffirma molendm ferr' et furaac' vulgariter nuncupat.

ptn in fforest Sci. > (he Iron myll mid forgt of St, Leonarth, ibm p. ann.
Leonardi. ) xxxvj" xiij* iiij^ " *

These were among the works destroyed during the civil
wars, by Sir William Waller.

The following notices of iron-works occur in the deeds of
Battel Abbey, purchased of the late Sir Godfrey Webster,
Bart., and now in the possession of Sir Thos. PhiUipps, of
Middle HUl, Bart.

1724. Richard Hay, of Battel, Esq., leased for nine years, to John, Lord
Ashbumham, and Sir Thos. Webster, Bart., Beach furnace, in Battel. A
deed of sale, dated in the same year, conveys to Lord A. and Sir T. W.,
" certain furnace-bellows and other implements at Beach furnace."

1731. Richard Hay, Esq., leased the above furnace t3 Sir Thos. Webster,
for the term of his own life.

1733. Elizabeth Robinson Lytton, of Knebworth, co. Hertford, widow,
leased, for seven years, to Sir Thomas Webster, her iron-forge, mill, &c., at
JEtchinffhafn.

1734. Sir Thos. Webster leased, for five years, to Messrs. Harrison, Jukes,
and Co., Robertsbridge furnace.

1746. Sir Thomas W^ebster leased to Wm. and Geo. Jukes, of London,
ironmongers, Robertsbridge furnace.

1756. Sir Whistler W^ebster, Bart., leased certain lands and iron-quarries
at Robertsbridge, to Edward Sackford, husbandman.

The following transaction is interesting, as showing that
less than a century since a Staffordshire iron-master could
profitably engage in the iron-works of Sussex. The iron
wrought in this county with charcoal would probably be of
essential service for mixing with the pit-coal iron of the
lessee's home manufacture.

1754. Sir Whistler Webster, Bart., leased " to John Churchill, of Hints,
CO. Stafford, ironmaster, the foundry called Robertsbridge furnace, with aU
buildings, lands, ponds, and water, ever held with the same."

1768. Sir W. Webster leased the above works to William Polhill, of
Hastings, David Guy, of Rye, and James Bourne, of Salehurst, ironmasters.

^ Lansd. MS. 165, p. 12.

TDE COUStV OF SUSSEX. 247

The following statistics arc drawn from the article " Iron,"
in the last edition of the Encydopmdia Britannica.

In consequence of the falling off in the supply of charcoal,
resulting from the increased scarcity of wood, the iron trade
greatly diminished in England in the first half of the eighteenth
century, so that the amount of iron made, which had formerly
reached 180,000 tons per annum, was, in 1740, reduced to
rather less than one tenth of that quantity.

At that date^(1740) there were—

Funmces in England ... 59 I Tons of Iron made . . . 17,3S0,
in Sussex. ... 10 | „ „ ... 1,400.

With the exception of Gloucestersliire, Salop, and Cheshire,
Sussex occupied the chief place. The furnaces of Sussex were,
at that date, of less magnitude than those of some other
districts ; as Gloucestershire, for example, with only six
furnaces, produced 2850 tons annually, while this county, with
ten furnaces, wrought only 1400 tons.

Again, according to parliamentary documents, iu the year
1788, there were wrought, by charcoal fuel, —

By coke, —

Funmces ia England ... 53 I Tods of iron made . . . 4R.200.
„ in Sussex . . . Mine | „ iVbnF.

It may he interesting to add, that in the interval between
1740 and 1788, the average increase of iron made in England
amounted to 50,950 tons.

In 1796 there were—

In addition to what was said of the Roman ii-on-works in
England, at p. 175 of Vol. II of the Collections, I take this
opportunity of stating a few facta.

The greatest iron-works carried on by the Conquerors of
the World in this country, were in the county of Gloucester.
So extensive were these works, and so imperfect the smeltmg

248 IRON-WORKS OP SUSSEX.

practised by the Romans, that in the 16th and following cen-
turies the iron-masters, instead of digging for ore, resorted to
the beds of scoriae for their principal supply of the metal.^

In the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford are several relics of
the manufacture, discovered in Oxfordshire, and described as
follows : — " Two pieces of slag, supposed to be fit)m a Roman
smelting work, found, with pieces of Roman pottery and
coins, at Drunshill, near Woodeaton. The ore was probably
brought from the top of Shotover Hill. Found Feb. 1841,
and presented by Mr.Hussey, of Christ Church." On receiving
this information from the Rev. Edward Turner, who had been
struck with the analogy between this discovery and that which
he had himself made at Maresfield, 1 had the honour of pre-
senting to the Ashmolean Society some specimens of the
cinders, pottery, and coins found in a like juxtaposition in
Sussex, and these now occupy a corresponding place in the
museum of that learned body.

^ Vide Encyc. Britan. in voc. " Iron."

MANORIAL CUSTOMS

SOUTHESE-WITH-HEIGHTON, NEAR LEWES.

BT MB. WILLIAM FIGG,

1849.)

1^^" And as every of the lords at the beginning were contented to grant dirers parcels of

l^^eir manors to sundry gentlemen and othtra, to hold of thein, freely, by sundry kinds of

jils and services, and payment of certain free rents yearly, 90 was tlieir policy also to

~ vave others to travail and till the earth, and to use the trade of husbandry for the

''Sijicrease of corn to serve their own necessity, and to be ministers also to the commou-
nealth ; and to these kind of people they granted their lands for term of hfe and lives,
reserving certain rents, suit of court, fines, heriots, and such other services as hereafter

.^ shall appear. And if the lord vrere inhabiting upon the manor, he also bound them to do
custom works, which they call due days, as in time of till^, hay-time, and harvest,
according to the rate and quantity of their tenements and farms." — Sumei/ uf the Eilale*
of the Earldom of Deeon, 1548. See Nichols's T/giagrapher atid Gmealogi8t,\aoi.\,-p.ii.

Among the matters of archeeological interest connected
with Sussex, which have not yet found a place in the Society's
CoUectiom, are many feudal customs and services by which
lands were formerly held under various Lords of Manors.
During the lapse of years, many of these have either become
obsolete, or have been compounded for by a money payment ;
and the very fact of their having ever existed has, in many
instances, been long forgotten.

It is with a view of bringing this subject before the Society,
and of inciting many members of more ability, aud with better
opportunities of research, than myself, that I am induced to
contribute the following specimens of the customs of Southese-
with-Heighton, in order to open a fresh source of archaeolo-
gical inquiry of considerable extent, which, although not of
the first importance, may, if carefully pursued, bring to light
much curious matter in illustration of the manner* "~' —
forefethers.

250 MANORIAL CUSTOMS OF

SOUTIIESE-WITH-HEIGHTON.

The earliest existing court-book of this manor commences
the l:Uh of October, 1623, about which period it appears to
hav(» become the pro|K*rty of Sir Thomas Springett, of Broyle
IMace, in the parish of Ringmer, the following being the first
entry :

" SoiTHEEsE Curia prima Thome Springett militis ibidem tenia die Lmie, viz.

rum (Iccimo tercio die Octobris, anno regni Doniini nostri E^

Hayton. Jacobi, Anglic fFrancie et Hibemie vicjesimo piimo, et Scotie

Ivij'' 1623. Per Johein Eowe^ Gen*- ibidem."

Then follows a list of the homage, viz. 13 for Southese,
and 4 for Hayton, and this note :

" Quilibet tenencium predictorum tam de Sontheese quam de Hayton
Attoni' so Domino per solutioncm imius denarii argenti et ad banc curiam
fecenuit fidelitatem."

^'arious appUcations by the tenants of the manor, for
licenses to let their lands, are next recorded, and a memo-
randum that the tenants of Telscombe manor have, from time
to time immemorial, made certain ditches in Southese brooks.

The custom relative to the care and education of children
of the tenants of this manor, holding in fee simple, according
to the custom, during the widowhood of the wife, " tamdiu
sola et casta vixerit ;" and farther, in case she shall marry
again, follows. And, lastly,

" Et quod infra Manorium predictum talis habetur, et a tempore cujns
contrarium hominum memoria non existit habebatur, consuetudo usitata, et
per tenentes hujus Manorii Domino ejusdem Manorii vel firmario sue terrarum
Dominicalium quoUbet anno facta, prout sequitur in his AngHcanis verbis."

" The Customary Services yearely to be done by tlie Cmtomary Tenants of Southeesey

unto the Lord of tJie saide Manor, viz.

1. ffirst, every tenant that is seised or possessed of two yarde landes, must
for the same finde one ordinary court (cart), with cattell to carrye out dounge
from the lordes farme, the next daye after Michaelmas day, if it be not Sonday ;
if so, then the next day after, accordinge to the customaiy time of a dayes
worke.

2. Every tenant of one yarde lande is the same day to finde one filler to
fill the court pott full w*)* dounge.

* See Sussex Collections^ Vol. I, P- 2.

SOUTHESE- WITH-HEIGHTON . 251

3. Every tenant of one yarde lande & an halfe is to finde one yeare a court,
famished w'** cattell, and the next yeare a filler.

4. Every tenant of a yarde lande must plowe halfe an acre of lande, viz. /
one roode of wheate, & one roode of barlye yearely, and to harrowe the same,

two teyne for wheate, and three teyne for barlye.

5. Every tenant of a yard lande must yearely finde a reaper for two dayes,
the one in one weeke, and the other in the next weeke followinge (friday and
Satterday to be none of the dayes).

6. Every tenant for every yarde lande must carry for the lord or his farmer,
two cariages of come, after they have performed their service of reapinge, the
one of wheate, two sheafe high above the lades, the other of barly, two rearinge
high, the next weeke (friday and satterday excepted).

M*** The two yarde landes, sometime Waterman's, are exempted from the
service aforesaide, as also from receavinge ought from the lorde of the rewardes
here after mencioned to be due to the other tenants.

The Salarye or Reward from the Lord to the Tenants is asfolloweth, mz.

1. ffirst, every tenant and servant that either carrieth or filleth dounge as
aforesaide, must have allowed him bread, cheese, and drinke, good and suf-
ficient in quantitye for a labouringe man all the daye, & at the end of the daye
his dinner, at the cost and charges of the lorde or his farmer.

2. Every plowholder, driver and harrower, must have a good & sufficient
dinner, as the time & season shall require, at the cost of the lord or his farmer.

3. The lord or his farmer must allowe and paye to every tenant, yearely,

for every yarde lande, the first Sonday in Lent, sixe good herringes and one C"
loafe and an halfe of bread, made of good wheate, ech loafe being of the weight
& size of two poundes & one ounce.

4. Every reaper must have allowed him, at the cost of the lord or his
farmer, one drinkinge in the mominge of bread and cheese, and a dinner at
noone, consistinge of rostmeate and other good victualls, meete for men and
women in harvest time ; and two driakinges in the after-noone, one in the
middest of their aftemoone's worke, and the other at thende of their day
work, & drinke alwayes duringe their work as neede shall require.

5. Every tenant, for the time of his caryinge of come as aforesaid, must
have allowed him, by the lord or his farmer, good drinke, bread & cheese,
to stand alwayes readye in the bame, to refresh them in their labours.

Q T . . . ,. . J C Dn** Comiti, xl«.

Summa huius cune, ixfo. v]. unde | j,^^- Modemo, y^li. vij*.

M^, that all the tenants of this manor of Southeese, as copiholders, and
their fines, ar arbitrable at the lorde's will, and their best beast, is due for an
herriott, both uppon death and smTcnder for every of their severaU copiholdes,
except Martin's Cottage ; w^** payeth yj^. fine and yj^. herriott de certo. This
is ment of such as have estates of inheritance ; for tenant for Hfe payeth
no herriott.

M^ also, that there is within this manor neither reeve nor bedle by customs,
but the lord appointeth a bayliffe to collect the rents and profitts of court.

252 MANORIAL CUSTOMS.

At a Court, held October 1, 1624, is the followmg entry :

The Customary Services hy the Homagers of Hayton, at this Court, p'sented by
them yearely to be done unto the Lord of this Manour, or his farmer, as
followeth, viz,

1. Imprimis, every owner or possessor of one yarde lande (and so for more
or lesse accordinge to that proportion) within the parish of Hay ton, is to finde
or allowe one good and sufficient reaper, man or woman, two dayes in every
yeare, the one in one weeke, the other in another weeke, to reape the come
that shall growe on the demesnes of the manor of Southeese (friday and
Saterday excepted).

2. Every reaper is to have sufficient bread, cheese, and drinke, fitt for
labouringe men, and at the end of the day to have apple pyes or such like
repast.

3. Every reaper is to be at Stockferry in the mominge by sunne risinge,
ready to do their worke, and to retume to the saide ferry by sunnesett at
eveninge.

4. Yf the reapers come over Stockferry at the time lymited, and the farmer
be not there ready to diswame them, it is instead of a daye's worke ; but if
the farmer come to Stockferry, and diswame them before they come over,
they ar to retume to their owne busines.

5. Every tenant of a yarde land is to have from the lord, or his farmer,
one loafe of good wheaten breade, wayinge two pounds and one ounce, and
foure wholsome herringes, the first Sonday in Lent, every yeare.

6. The tenants of Hayton ar to have three hides and an halfe of brooke-
land, in the Northwish, in Southeese, yearely to cutt & carry away the haye
thereof at any time before Lammas."

(The tenants of Heighton were allowed to compound for their " harvest
worke dayes.")

Note. — ^There appears to have been an ancient custom in Scotland very
similar to the above, on lands called \terre bondorum* ^bondage lands^ or
* bondagia regis,' or ' husband lands.' — Houses in the hamlet of Traquair are
stiU held on the tenure of finding certain * bondages,' — that of performing
certain services of agricultural work. — New Stat, Ace. Feebleshire, parish of
Traquair. — Lives of the Lindsays, Appendix, No. XI, p. 426.

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preserved in the Chetham Library at Manchester, edited by J. O. Halli-
well, &c. post 8vo. cloth, uni/brm with Bitson, Weber, and Ellis's
publications, bs
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Eias,"—Literarp Oazette.

** A literary curiosity, and one both welcome and serviceable to the lover of blacfe-
letter lore. Though the obsoleteness of tiie style may occasion sad stumbling to a modern
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is curious in its details, and possesses philol<^cal imp<ntenoe. To the general reader it
presents one feature, viz. the reference to Way land Smith, wlumi Sir W« Scott has invested
with so much interest"— ilf0^r(^2i^an Mctgazine.

The Harrowing of Hell, a Miracle Play, written in

the Reign of Edward II., now first published from the Original in the
British Museum, with a Modem Reading, Introduction, and Notes, by
James Orchard Halliwell, Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. %yo, sewed, 2s

This curious piece is supposed to be the earliest specimen of dramatic composition in
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and Customs, Vol. II. ; Warton'g English Poetry ; Sharon Turner's England : Collier's
History of English Dramatic Poetry, Vol. II. p. 218. All these wrUert rqfer to the
Manuscript.

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Bomanoe of Robert of Sicily, and^M other curiotu pieeet of the eame hind,

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250 MANORIAL CUSTOMS OP

SOUTHESE-WITH-HEIGHTON.

The earliest existing court-book of this manor commences
the 13th of October, 1623, about which period it appears to
have become the property of Sir Thomas Springett, of Broyle
Place, in the parish of Ringmer, the following being the first
entry :

" SouTHEESE Curia prima Thome Springett militis ibidem tenta die Lune, viz.

cum decimo tercio die Octobris, anno regni Domini nostri Regis

Hayton. Jacobi, Anglie ffirancie et Hibemie vicesimo primo, et Scotie

Ivy** 1623. Per Johem Bowel Gen*° ibidem."

Then follows a list of the homage, viz. 13 for Southese,
and 4 for Hayton, and this note :

"Quilibet tenendum predictorum tam de Southeese quam de Hayton
Attorn* se Domino per solutionem unius denarii argenti et ad banc curiam
fecerunt fidelitatem."

Various appUcations by the tenants of the manor, for
licenses to let their lands, are next recorded, and a memo-
randum that the tenants of Telscombe manor have, from time
to time immemorial, made certain ditches in Southese brooks.

" Et quod infra Manorium predictum talis habetur, et a tempore cujus
contrarium hominum memoria non existit habebatur, consuetudo usitata, et
per tenentes hujus Manorii Domino ejusdem Manorii vel firmario suo terrarum
Dominicalium quolibet anno facta, prout sequitur in his Anglicanis verbis."

" The Cmtomary Services yearely to he done by the Customary Tenants of Southeese,

unto the Lord of the saide Manor, viz.

1 . ffirst, every tenant that is seised or possessed of two yarde landes, must
for the same iinde one ordinary court (cart), with cattell to carrye out dounge
from the lordes farme, the next daye after Michaelmas day, if it be not Sonday ;
if so, then the next day after, accordinge to the customary time of a dayes
worke.

2. Every tenant of one yarde lande is the same day to finde one filler to
fill the court pott full w')* dounge.

* See Sussex CottectionSf Vol. I, p. 2.

John Ruueii Smith, 4, Old Conxion Street , 8oha, 5

Specimens of Cornish Provincial Dialects, collected

and arranged bj Undo Jan Treenoodle, with some Introductory Remarki
and a Glossary by an Antiquarian Fricaid, also a Selection of Songs and
other Pieces connected with Cornwall, post Svo. toith curious portrait tf
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Exmoor Scolding and Courtship in the Propriety

and Decency of Exmoor (Devonshire) Language, with Notee and a GAw-
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*' A very rich bit of Weft of EngUmdism.**— jreffoptfllfofi.

The Yorkshire Dialect, exemplified in various Dia-
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** A tliilling book wortli Its monej; most of Qie pieccfl of composition are not only

harmless, but good and pretty. Tlie eclogue on the death of ' Awd Daisy," an outworn

horse, is an outpouring of some of the best feelings of the rustic mind; and the addresses to

riches and poverty have much of the freedom and spirit of Bums."

Gent.'s Magazine, May, 1841.

A Collection of Fugitive Pieces in the Dialect of

Zummerzet, edited by J. O. Halliwbll, post Syo. orUy bO printed, 2a

Dick and Sal, or Jack and Joan's Fair, a Doggrel

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Jan Cladpole's Trip to 'Merricur in Search for Dollar

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John Noakes and Mary Styles, a Poem, exhibiting

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sary, by Charles Clabk, Esq. of Great Totham Hall, Essex, post Sto.
cloth, is
" The poem possesses considerable humour."— Tail's Mag,** A very pleasant trifle."
Lit. Qaz, *' A very clever production."— JBmm Lit. Journal, Full of rich humour." —
JBues Mercury. "Very diolV*— Metropolitan. '*£xhibito the dialect of Essex per-
fectly.'— £(;^tic Beviero. ** Full of quaint wit and humour."— &«nt.'« Mag. May I84I.
** A very clever and amusing piece of local description." — ArcJusologist.

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and Local Words used In England, with which is now first incorporated
the Supplement by Samuel Pegge, F.S.A., post 8yo. elegantly printed,
cloth, 4s 6d

The utility of a Provincial Glossary to all persons desirous of understanding our
ancient Poets is so universally acknowledged, that to enter into a proof of it would be
entirely a worlc of supererogation. Orose and Pegge are constantly referred to in Todd's
*' Johnson's Dictionary."

9[rd)aeoIogp anb ^umfsimattcs^

The Druidical Temples of the County of Wilts, by

the Rey. £. Duke, M.A., F.S.A., Member of the Archseological Institute,

&c.. Author of the '* Hall of John Halle,'' and other works, 12mo. plates,

cloth, 6s

** Mr. Duke has heen long honourably known as a zealous cultivator of our local

antiquities. His collections on this subject, and on the literature of Wiltshire, are nowhere

surpassed ; while his residence on the borders of the Plain, and within reacli of our most

interesting remains, has afforded scope to his meritorious exertions. Tlie work before us is

the fruit cKflong study and laborious investigation."— 5a/M^r^ JoumaL

252 MANORIAL CUSTOMS.

At a Court, held October 1, 1624, is the followmg entry :

The Customary Sermcea hy the Homagers of Hayton, at this Court, p'sented hy
them yearely to he done unto the Lord of this Manour, or his farmery a*
followethy viz,

2. Eveiy reaper is to have sufficient bread, cheese, and drinke, fitt for
labouringe men, and at the end of the day to have apple pyes or such like
repast.

3. Every reaper is to be at Stockferry in the mominge by sunne risinge,
ready to do their worke, and to retume to the saide ferry by sunnesett at
eveninge.

6. The tenants of Hayton ar to have three hides and an halfe of brooke-
land, in the Northwish, in Southeese, yearely to cutt & carry away the haye
thereof at any time before Lammas."

(The tenants of Heighton were allowed to compound for their " harvest
worke dayes.")

Note. — ^There appears to have been an ancient custom in Scotland very
similar to the above, on lands called yterre bondorum,* ^bondage lands,* or
* bondagia regis,* or ' husband lands* — ^Houses in the hamlet of Traquair are
stiU held on the tenure of finding certain ' bondages,' — ^that of performing
certain services of agricultural work. — New Stat, Ace. Feebleshire, parish cf
Traqtiair. — Lives of the Lindsays, Appendix, No. XI, p. 426.

END OF VOL. III.

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(pub. at 12t)

pbDolDgtoU punuia will read It bow Itii tobe baditio T^ry moderau a pHoB, and It realty
cortfllna a ffood dnd ot fosfllping matter. Tha Bulhor'B attempt 1b to exi^aln ercrf thing
rhJDt tbe Dutcb, whicb h« boltevea vu IheMmB luipiD^Bi U10 Ajifflo-Saxoa.

The Merry Tales of the Wise Men of Gotham,

edited by Junes Obchabd Hali.iwell, Esq. F.S.A., post Svo. U

Illustrations of Eating, displaying the OmnivorouB

Cbamcter of Man, and cxhibitiii); the Natnes of Tsriaos Canntries al
rwding-time, by a Beef-Eatbh, fcap. 8ro. teith ttooilcuti, 2>

Elements of Naval Architecture, being a Translation

of aie third part of Ciaihoois' " Trait* E16mentair^ de la Constrootion
des Vfusseaoi," by J. N. Sthangk, Cominander, R.N., Bto. nriih 5 largt
folding plates, doth, hi

Poems, partly of Rural Life (in National English),

byWiLLiAH BAfttJES, Author of " Poems in the Dorset Dialect," 12ino.
etath, 6>

Waifs and Strays (a Collection of Poetry), I2ino,

oii(y 2bQ printed, cAieflf Jar preiaUt, letrtd, U fii

Facts and Speculations on the History of Playing

Carde in Euroiie, bv W. A. Chatto, Aulhor of the ' History of Wood
Engraving, with Illitlrulions by J. Jackson,' Bvo. pro/taily Uliatraled
with erigravingi, bolh plain aiirf coioured, cloth, £1. 1»

59)621

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Full text of "Sussex archaeological collections relating to the history and antiquities of the county"

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