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RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC

Cheryl McJannet, George Argus, Sylvia Edlund and Jacques Cayouette

Museum
of Nature

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Musée ACADE i Oe
canadien
de la nature

Syllogeus is a publication of the Canadian Museum of Nature, designed to permit the rapid dissemination of information pertaining to those
disciplines and educational functions for which the Canadian Museum of Nature is responsible. In the interest of making information
available quickly, normal publishing procedures have been abbreviated.

Articles are published in English, in French, or in both languages, and the issues appear at irregular intervals. A complete list of the titles
issued since the beginning of the series (1972) and individual copies of this number are available by mail from the Canadian Museum of
Nature, Direct Mail Section, P.O. Box 3443, Station "D", Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1P 6P4.

La collection Syllogeus, publiée par le Musée canadien de la nature, a pour but de diffuser rapidement le résultat des travaux dans les
domaines scientifique et éducatif qui sont sous la direction du Musée canadien de la nature. Pour assurer la prompt distribution de cette
publication, on a abregé les étapes de la rédaction.

Les articles sont publiées en français, en anglais ou dans les deux langues, et ils paraissent irrégulièrement. On peut obtenir par commande
postale la liste des titres de tous les articles publiés depuis le début de la collection (1972) et des copies individuelles de ce numéro, de la
Section des commandes postales, Musée canadien de la nature, C.P. 3443, Succursale D, Ottawa, (Ontario) Canada K1P 6P4.

Previous titles in the Rare Plants Project / Titres précédents dans le projet des plantes rares:

Argus, George W. and/et David J. White (1977), Syllogeus 14
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF ONTARIO / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE L'ONTARIO

Argus, George W. and/et David J. White (1978), Syllogeus 17
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF ALBERTA / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE L’ALBERTA

Maher, Robert V. David J. White, George W. Argus, and/et Paul A. Keddy (1978), Syllogeus 18
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NOVA SCOTIA / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE LA NOUVELLE-
ÉCOSSE

Maher, Robert V. George W. Argus, Vernon L. Harms, and/et John H. Hudson (1979), Syllogeus 20
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF SASKATCHEWAN / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE LA
SASKATCHEWAN

White, David J. and/et Karen Johnson (1980), Syllogeus 27
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MANITOBA / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DU MANITOBA

Argus, G.W., K.M. Pryer, D.J. White and/et C.J. Keddy (eds). 1982-1987. ATLAS OF THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF
ONTARIO / ATLAS DES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE L'ONTARIO. 4 Parts /4 parties. National Museum of
Natural Sciences / Musée national des sciences naturelles, Ottawa.

Bouchard, André, Denis Barabé, Madeleine Dumais and/et Stuart Hay (1983), Syllogeus 48
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF QUEBEC / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DU QUEBEC

Hinds, Harold R. (1983), Syllogeus 50
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DU NOUVEAU
BRUNSWICK

Straley, Gerald B., Roy L. Taylor and/et George W. Douglas (1985), Syllogeus 59
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DU COLOMBIE-
BRITANNIQUE

Argus, G.W. and/et K.M. Pryer. 1990. RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN CANADA: OUR NATURAL HERITAGE / LES PLANTES
VASCULAIRES RARES DU CANADA: NOTRE PATRIMOINE NATUREL. Canadian Museum of Nature / Musée canadien
de la nature, Ottawa. 191 pp.

Bouchard, André, Stuart Hay, Luc Brouillet, Martin Jean and/et Isabelle Saucier (1991), Syllogeus 65
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES RARES DE
L’ILE DE TERRE-NEUVE

Day, Robin and Paul M. Catling (1991), Syllogeus 67
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC

Cheryl L. McJannet, George W. Argus,

Research Division
Canadian Museum of Nature
P.O. Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
K1P 6P4

Sylvia A. Edlund,

Geological Survey of Canada
601 Booth St.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E8

and
Jacques Cayouette

Agriculture Canada
Centre for Land and Biological
Resources Research
William Saunders Bldg., C.E.F.
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA 0C6

Syllogeus No. 72

1993

/ D Canadian
Museum
@ oof Nature
Musée
Canadien
de la nature

Canadian Museum of Nature
Ottawa, Canada K1P 6P4

Catalogue No. NM95-20/72E

Available by mail order from:

Canadian Museum of Nature
Direct Mail Section

P.O. Box 3443, Station "D"
Ottawa, Canada K1P 6P4

Syllogeus Series No. 72
Printed in Canada
ISBN 0-660-13071-8

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
including any storage or retrieval system, or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photographic, or recording, without
permission in writing from the publisher.

Cover photograph taken by Sylvia Edlund, Eureka (Ellesmere

Island), Northwest Territories. Several rare arctic endemics occur

nearby, including: Braya thorild-wulffii, Geum rossii, Puccinellia
bruggemannii, and Puccinellia poacea.

Publié par le :

Musée canadien de la nature
Ottawa, Canada K1P 6P4

Catalogue No. NM95-20/72E

L’éditeur remplet les commandes postales
adressées au :

Musée canadien de la nature
Section des commandes postales
C.P. 3443, succursale D
Ottawa, Canada K1P 6P4

Serie Syllogeus No. 72
Imprimé au Canada
ISBN 0-660-13071-8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
Definitions
Methods
Criteria
Format of the list
Distribution patterns of rare plants in the Canadian Arctic
Future research requirements

References

LIST OF RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC

APPENDICES

I: Family List of Rare Vascular Plants in the Canadian Arctic

II: Phytogeographical List of Rare Vascular Plants in the Canadian Arctic

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
California Academy of Sciences Library

http://www.archive.org/details/syllogeus /2nati

ABSTRACT / RESUME

The flora of the Canadian Arctic contains 236 rare vascular plant taxa. These arctic taxa
represent a unique part of Canadian biodiversity. The recognition of these taxa is an important
step toward the recognition and conservation of Arctic ecosystems. The majority of these rare
taxa have boreal or montane affinities and occur in the Arctic as peripheral populations. These
species are important in that they can be used to identify treeline ecosystems that require
conservation. There is a small, but very critical, number of species that occur only in the
Canadian Arctic and as such require conservation. This list of rare species includes an
introduction in which terms are defined, most important are those associated with rarity and
the limits of the Canadian Arctic. As well, the criteria used to determine a taxon’s rarity are
described. For each taxon a comment is included on phytogeography, occurrence in the
Canadian Arctic, and rare status in other parts of Canada. A distribution map showing known
occurrences in the Canadian Arctic is included for each species.

La flore vasculaire rare de l’Arctique canadien est représentée par 236 taxons lesquels
constituent une composante unique de la biodiversité à l’échelle canadienne. La reconnaissance
de ces taxons est une étape cruciale dans la caractérisation et la conservation des écosystèmes
arctiques. La majorité de ces taxons montre des affinités avec des espèces boréales ou alpines
et se retrouve en secteur arctique à titre de populations périphériques. Ces espèces sont
importantes puisqu'elles permettent l’identification des écosystèmes de la limite des arbres pour
lesquels une conservation s’impose. Il y a un petit nombre d’espèces qui ne se retrouvent que
dans l’Arctique canadien et qui méritent d’être conservées. À cette liste d’espèces rares
s’ajoute une introduction où la terminologie y est définie, surtout les termes les plus importants
associés à la rareté et les limites de l’Arctique canadien. Les critères utilisés pour définir la
rareté d’un taxon sont également expliqués. Pour chacun des taxons, des commentaires sont
formulés quant à la phytogéographie, la présence dans l’Arctique canadien, le niveau de rareté
dans les autres provinces du Canada ainsi qu’une carte de la répartition montrant les présences
vérifiées dans l’Arctique canadien.

INTRODUCTION

Preserving the biodiversity of plant and
animal life is of increasing concern to
Canadians. Rare plants are an important
aspect of Canadian biodiversity. The
occurrence of rare plants often reflects
unique habitats or important evolutionary
situations such as refugia or centres of
evolution (Argus & McNeill 1975). Rare
plants also often have genetic characteristics
worth preserving because of their
contribution to biodiversity. The loss of
rare plants and their habitats forewarn of
deleterious environmental changes that may
eventually have serious human con-
sequences.

There are many places in Canada that
are rich in rare plants but have little or no
effective protection. If plants and habitats
are to be given legislative protection, it is
desirable to have well-documented lists of
candidate plants to be considered for such
protection. This list has been compiled to
identify the rare vascular plants of the
Canadian Arctic as part of the Canadian
contribution to the International Circum-
polar Agreement on the Conservation of
Arctic Flora and Fauna.

In” 1973; “the” “Systematics and
Phytogeography Section of the Canadian
Botanical Association formed the Rare and
Endangered Plants committee. The goal of
this committee was to make an inventory of
the rare and endangered vascular flora of
Canada. Since 1975, as part of this effort,
the Botany Division’s Rare and Endangered
Plants Project has been involved in
compiling rare plant lists for the Canadian
provinces and territories.

This work has been undertaken with the
cooperation of Canadian and American
botanists. Rare plant lists have been
published for all of the provinces and the
Yukon Territory. A list of rare vascular
plants in the Northwest Territories is in
preparation at the Canadian Museum of
Nature (McJannet & Argus, in prep.) and
the flora of Labrador is being studied by R.
Day (pers. comm.). A national list of
Canadian rare plants has been published
recently (Argus & Pryer, 1990).

An inventory of the rare flora of the
Canadian Arctic will be useful in
contributing to the preservation of
individual species, but, more importantly, it
will aid in the recognition of habitats and
ecosystems that require conservation. Some
plants that were once a part of the Canadian
flora have become extinct or have been
extirpated during the past 75 years. As
well, certain habitats that were once
widespread have been so extensively
modified, that the continued existence of
some plant species is threatened. While it
is sometimes asserted that endangered
plants can be protected as individual
species, often by transplantation to other
sites, growing them in botanical gardens, or
by cryogenic seed storage, this is rarely
sufficient to ensure the long-term survival
of these species. For the long-term
conservation of flora it is necessary to
preserve natural areas sufficiently large to
protect the habitats of unique plants. Rare
plants by definition are very susceptible to
the effects of environmental change, which
are often caused by human activities.
Today many regions of the Canadian

Arctic are relatively little affected by
human activities, but the landscape and
flora is very sensitive to destructive human
activities. À comprehensive system of
ecosystem reserves is essential to ensure
that the rare flora of the Canadian Arctic
does not become endangered.

DEFINITIONS

A rare taxon is one that has a small
population within the region under
consideration. The taxon may be restricted
to a relatively small geographical area (but
may be locally common) or it may occur
sparsely over a wide area. This definition
is essentially the one given by the
International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
(Lucas & Synge 1978), except that their
definition is based on the taxon’s total
world population, whereas, we have based
our definition on the taxon’s Canadian
populations. There are sound reasons for
taking a national approach to conservation.
First, we believe that each nation should be
responsible for flora at risk within its
jurisdiction irrespective of its occurrence
and status elsewhere, since the required
legislation is usually enacted at the national
level. Second, global distributional infor-
mation on arctic flora varies from country
to country in quality, accessibility and
taxonomic nomenclature. With our present
information it is not possible to assess the
status of rare Canadian Arctic flora world-
wide.

A peripheral taxon is one that, in the
region under consideration, occurs at the
edge of its main range. In the Canadian
Arctic, many of these are boreal taxa but
others are arctic taxa that have their main

ranges outside of Canada.

An endemic taxon is one that has a
small world population and occurs in a
relatively small geographical area within the
region under consideration.

A disjunct taxon is one separated from
its main population by at least 1000 km.

The Arctic is that region north of the
northern limit of continuous forest. In this
paper the boundary of the Canadian Arctic
(Figure 1) is the treeline published by
Yurtsev et al. (1978) and modified in the
Quebec-Labrador Peninsula by Payette
(1983).

METHODS

In the preparation of this list we first
defined the Canadian Arctic (Figure 1).
Second, we compared the Arctic line with
distribution maps published in the Flora of
the Continental Northwest Territories
(Porsild & Cody 1980), The Illustrated
Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
(Porsild, 1964), Géographie Floristique du
Quebec/Labrador: Distribution des
Principales Espèces Vasculaires (Rousseau,
1974), Flore du Québec Nordique et des
Territoires Adjacents (Lavoie & Morisset,
unpublished), and The Flora of Alaska and
Neighboring Territories (Hultén 1968). By
overlaying the "Arctic line" on these maps
we obtained about 400 candidate taxa.
From these candidates we selected 236 taxa
that occurred in very few localities (often
only one or two), or those concentrated in
a relatively small part of the Canadian
Arctic. In addition, consideration was
given to previous publications on Canadian
rare plants, including: the Canada list

Figure 1. Delimitation of the Canadian Arctic approximating the northern limit of continuous
forest (after Yurtsev et al. 1978, Payette 1983).

(Argus & Pryer 1990), Yukon (Douglas, et
al. 1981), Northwest Territories (Cody
1979, McJannet & Argus, in prep.),
Manitoba (White & Johnson 1980), Ontario
(Argus et al. 1982-1987), and Quebec
(Bouchard et al. 1983, Lavoie 1992), and to
taxonomic monographs (Crow 1978, Gillett
1963) and papers (Blondeau 1986, 1989,
Blondeau & Cayouette 1987, Dutilly et al.
1958, Fleurbec 1985, Hultén & Fries 1986,
Johnson 1987, Lepage 1966, Little 1971,
Raup 1943, Riley & McKay 1980, Sabourin
et al. 1991, Soper & Heimburger 1985).
The rarity of habitat and the total range of
the taxon were also taken into consideration
as was the field experience of the junior
authors.

The distribution maps were partially
updated by an examination of herbarium
specimens (CAN, DAO) for the rare taxa of
the Northwest Territories. This was done
in connection with research on the rare

vascular plants in the Northwest Territories
(McJannet & Argus, in prep.). The flora of
northern Quebec and Labrador was studied
in connection with an, as yet, unpublished
flora (Lavoie & Morisset).

Deciding if a species is rare from
published maps is not a completely reliable
method. Maps often contain large gaps in
distribution, resulting from incomplete
mapping, or from undercollecting. The data
on which published maps are based soon
become obsolete as new collections are
made. Furthermore, it is well known that
distribution maps are more indicative of
where collectors have been rather than the
total range of the species. Also, common
species collected infrequently may appear
rare, whereas, some populations of rare
plants have been collected so frequently
that they appear common. As well, the
delimitation of the Arctic needs refinement
at a reasonable geographical scale in order

for sound decisions about distribution to be
made. Understanding these limitations, we
selected 236 taxa that seem to be quite rare
in the Canadian Arctic. The list, however,
should be regarded as provisional until
herbarium specimens can be verified and
mapped and further botanizing done to fill
in apparent gaps.

CRITERIA

Taxa included in this list are native and
rare in the Canadian Arctic, however, they
need not be restricted to this geographic
area. Taxonomic ranks of species,
subspecies, and varieties are included, but
forms and hybrids are not. The list consists
only of rare taxa because we do not yet
have sufficient data to evaluate the
threatened or endangered status of the flora
of the Canadian Arctic. All rare taxa,
however, maybe regarded as potentially
vulnerable to human activities.

Commonly, the species on this list occur
in very few localities or are restricted to a
very small part of the Canadian Arctic.
Under certain conditions taxa were allowed
a larger range than our criteria specified.
For example, taxa (1) restricted to
specialized habitats within the Canadian
Arctic, e.g., Geum rossii; (2) relatively
narrowly endemic to the Canadian Arctic,
e.g., Braya thorild-wulffii and Puccinellia
bruggemannii; (3) with very small ranges
outside the Canadian Arctic, e.g., Artemisia
furcata var. furcata and Phlox richardsonii
ssp. richardsonii; or (4) significantly
disjunct in the Canadian Arctic, e.g., Carex
rufina.

Some plants on this list may appear rare
because they are undercollected, but may be

more common. For example, some aquatic
species, such as Potomogeton friesii, are
often infrequently collected because they
are difficult to collect. Other aquatics, such
as, Subularia aquatica ssp. americana and
Limosella aquatica, are inconspicuous and
easily overlooked. Some species of
grasses, for example, Puccinellia ssp., are
taxonomically obscure and difficult to
identify in the field and therefore
undercollected. As well, some taxa may
not flower every year and therefore are not
collected because they are unidentifiable
without flowers or fruits. Further field
study of rare arctic plants is certain to
demonstrate that some taxa listed here as
rare are more common than we now
believe.

Peripheral taxa, namely, taxa whose
main range lies outside the Canadian
Arctic, were included on our list if they
were rare in the Canadian Arctic.
Examples of such taxa include: (1) boreal
forest species that extend into the northern
and northwestern corner of the Yukon and
Northwest Territories and into northern
Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Labrador,
e.g., Calla palustris and Ranunculus
sceleratus var. multifidus, and (2) arctic-
alpine taxa that have their major range in
the cordillera and just extend into the
Arctic, e.g., Carex macloviana _ ssp.
macloviana and Poa leptocoma var.
paucispicula. It may be argued that
peripheral species should not be included
on rare plant lists, since these species are
simply artifacts of the relationship between
subjective and natural boundaries. But
peripheral species, because of their
potentially unique genetic characteristics,
are an important part of the biological
diversity of the Arctic and must be
considered in any conservation program.

FORMAT OF THE LIST

Taxa are listed alphabetically. For each
taxon the following information may be
given:

1. Scientific name and authority. The
nomenclature follows, as much as possible,
a computerized database of the 1985 draft
revision of Kartesz & Kartesz (1980) A
Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular
Flora of the United States, Canada, and
Greenland. In other cases, the
nomenclature follows the Flora of North
America, Volume 2 (in press), or taxonomic
monographs.

2. Synonymy. Synonyms are included in
parentheses following the accepted name
only if they are necessary to locate the
taxon in our original sources. These
synonyms are cross referenced in the main
list.

3. Family Name.

4. Phytogeography. This section indicates
the main phytogeographic region or habitat
in which the taxon occurs. The categories
used are: arctic, arctic-alpine, boreal,
montane, coastal, and aquatic. These units
have been interpreted rather broadly.

5. Canadian Arctic. The taxon’s
occurrence in the three major ecosystems in
Canadian Arctic is given in terms of Low,
Mid, and High Arctic (Figure 2). These
zones are used as mapped by Edlund
(1984). The division between the eastern
and western portions of the Low and Mid
Arctic is the 100th meridian, as indicated

ti it

by a lower case "e" or "w", respectively.

6. Rare Status. This section includes
information on the rare status of the taxon
in other parts of Canada. The rare
occurrence of taxa in the provinces and
territories, or throughout Canada as a
whole, is documented in the following:
Canada (Argus & Pryer 1990), Alberta
(Packer & Bradley 1984), British Columbia
(Straley et al. 1985), Manitoba (White &
Johnson 1980), New Brunswick (Hinds
1986), Newfoundland (Bouchard et al.
1991), Northwest Territories (McJannet &
Argus, in prep.), Nova Scotia (Maher et al.
1978), Ontario (Argus et al. 1982-1987),
Prince Edward Island (Day & Catling
1991), Quebec (Bouchard et al. 1983, and
Lavoie 1992), Saskatchewan (Harms et al.
1992), and Yukon Territory (Douglas et al.
1981). The rarity of a taxon in other parts
of Canada is an indication of the
significance of its rarity in the Canadian
Arctic.

7. Comment. This section comments on
whether a species is an endemic, a possible
hybrid, or a disjunct. The habitat of a
species may be mentioned when that is the
reason for its rarity.

8. Distribution Maps. The maps show
the range of each taxon within the Canadian
Arctic. The hatched line represents the
Arctic line. Most species have ranges
outside of the Arctic, however, we have
mapped occurrences of these taxa only in
the Canadian Arctic. Reference to the
sections on Phytogeography and Comments
will identify those taxa restricted to the
Canadian Arctic.

Figure 2. Major ecosystems in the Canadian Arctic (after Edlund 1984). The separation
between the eastern and western Low and Mid Arctic is the 102nd meridian

Appendices

Two appendices follow the main lists.
Appendix I is a list of the rare vascular
plants in the Canadian Arctic arranged
alphabetically by family. Appendix II is a
list of the rare vascular plants in the
Canadian Arctic arranged phyto-
geographically (i.e. arctic, arctic-alpine,
boreal, montane, coastal, and aquatic).

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF RARE
PLANTS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC

The distribution patterns of the 236 rare
plant taxa in the Canadian Arctic can be
considered in terms of their occurrence in
(1) phytogeographic zones, (2) geographical
regions, (3) political jurisdictions, and (4)
their national significance, either as
endemics or as being rare throughout all of
Canada.

Phytogeographic Zones. Of the 236 rare
plant taxa that we have recognized in the
Canadian Arctic, 29 occur mainly in the
Arctic. Of these, only eight taxa occur in
the High Arctic, two of which are restricted
to that region; the others also occur in the
Low Arctic and/or the Mid Arctic. There
are 77 taxa that we have defined as arctic-
alpine, many of which have _ ranges
extending southward in the North American
cordillera. ©The most common phyto-
geographic affinity among the arctic rarities
is boreal or montane, with 100 taxa
occurring in these categories. These are
largely peripheral taxa that, although rare in
the Arctic, are usually common southward.
Finally, we have recognized 14 taxa as not
clearly belonging to any one phyto-
geographic zone but occurring, sometimes
rather widely, in coastal and aquatic
ecosystems.

Geographic Regions. Seven of the
236 taxa were entirely restricted to the
Arctic Archipelago. An additional 16 taxa
occur in the southern part of the
Archipelago and on the adjacent mainland.
The majority of taxa (89), however, occur
in the extreme northwestern Canadian
Arctic (northern Yukon and adjacent
Northwest Territories). In the eastern
Canadian Arctic, 56 taxa are located along
the shores of Hudson Bay, some extending
into northern Quebec and Labrador. There
are also 47 taxa that range widely along the
treeline.

The majority of Canadian rare arctic
taxa occur in northern Yukon and in the
Northwest Territories in the vicinity of the
Mackenzie River delta and the Richardson
Mountains. The rare plants of this region
are a rich melange of arctic, arctic-alpine,
boreal, and coastal taxa. Many of these
taxa have beringian connections and have
reached the Canadian Arctic via Siberia and
northern Alaska or evolved in the far
northwestern refugia. The arctic species
Artemisia glomerata, the arctic-alpine
species Anemone drummondii, and Geum
glaciale, the boreal species Valeriana
capitata, and the coastal species Primula
borealis are examples of taxa with
beringian affinities. There are also a
number of widespread boreal taxa that
reach their northern limits in this region,
e.g., Populus tremuloides, Calla palustris,
and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

Generally, boreal taxa in the Arctic
occur at or just north of the treeline. There
are concentrations of rare boreal taxa in
both northwestern Canada and along the
shores of Hudson Bay from the Northwest
Territories to northern Quebec and
Labrador. In the central Canadian Arctic

there appears to be few rare taxa of any
kind but that may be a collecting artifact.

Political Jurisdictions. Many taxa that
are rare throughout the Canadian Arctic
also appear on provincial and territorial lists
of rare plants. A review of published lists
of rare plants (see Methods for references)
reveals the following statistics for the
number of rare arctic taxa: Northwest
Territories (53), Yukon Territory (51),
Newfoundland (island) (30), British
Columbia (25), Saskatchewan (25),
Manitoba (21), Ontario (16), Alberta (13),
Quebec (12), Nova Scotia (11), Prince
Edward Island (10), and New Brunswick
(8). Information on rarity in Labrador is
not yet available. Most of the rare arctic
taxa occur in the two northern territories:
but a surprisingly large number are rare in
provinces outside of the Arctic. Many of
these taxa are boreal and are rare along
both their northern and southern limits;
others are wideranging coastal or aquatic
taxa. To protect the genetic resources
represented by these taxa, it will be
necessary to protect ecosystems along both
the northern and southern limits of their
ranges.

Nationally Significant Taxa. There are
18 taxa that are narrowly endemic to the
Canadian Arctic (Table 1) and 37 taxa that
are rare throughout their entire range in
Canada (Table 2). These nationally
significant taxa deserve special attention to
ensure their continued existence in the
Arctic.

The glacial history of far northwestern
and northern Canada may offer some
explanations for these endemics and some

of the more widespread rarities. During the
Wisconsinan glaciation, there were major
coastal shelves exposed in the Queen
Elizabeth Islands and in Beringia (Fulton
1989). The saline and alkalai tolerant arctic
endemic species (Braya thorild-wulffii,
Puccinellia bruggemannii, P. deschamps-
ioides, P. poaceae, Linum lewisii ssp.
lepagei, and Salicornia borealis) currently
found on raised marine deposits, weathered
limestone and dolomite outcrops, or areas
of sulfate crusts, may represent remnants
from larger populations that occurred on the
coastal shelves. High mountain plateaus
were also ice free in the Yukon and central
Alaska throughout the Pleistocene. Such
refugia may have led to isolation and to
endemism.

Protection. The protection of eco-
systems occupied by Canada’s rare arctic
flora seems, for the foreseeable future, to be
the purview of our national and provincial
parks systems. At the present time the
national and provincial parks in the Arctic
seem to include the ranges of many rare
arctic taxa. In the northern Yukon, Ivvaik
National Park contains many rare arctic-
alpine taxa and the two national parks in
the Arctic Archipelago, Ellesmere Island
National Park and Auyuituq National Park,
include a number of rare taxa that occur in
that region (Finkelstein 1990). Plans for
national parks on Banks Island (Aulavik
National Park) and on north Baffin Island
are well advanced (Halfyard 1993).

Many rare taxa found on the Hudson
Bay coast in northern Ontario appear to
occur within Polar Bear Provincial Park.
At present there are no parks along the
treeline; but several have been proposed.
National parks are planned for a number of

areas along the treeline, including the
Torngat Mountains, Labrador; Richmond
Gulf, Quebec; Churchill, Manitoba; and
Thelon River, East Arm of Great Slave
Lake, and Bluenose Lake, Northwest
Territories (Finkelstein 1990).

These and other proposed parks in the
Arctic Archipelago, including Banks Island,
central Bathurst Inlet and Bylot Island,
Northwest Territories, will do much to set
a firm basis for conservation in the
Canadian Arctic.

It is important to remember that because
of the size of the Canadian Arctic and
difficulty of access, our knowledge of the

Table 1
Narrow Endemics occurring in
Arctic Canada

Artemisia arctica ssp. comata
Braya glabella

Braya thorild-wulffii

Castilleja yukonis

Douglasia arctica

Erigeron muirii

Erigeron yukonensis
Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. raupii
Linum lewisii ssp. lepagei
Mertensia drummondii

Phlox richardsonii ssp. richardsonii
Puccinellia bruggemannii
Puccinellia deschampsioides
Puccinellia poacea

Salicornia borealis

Salix ovalifolia var. arctolitoralis
Smelowskia calycina var. media
Thlaspi arcticum

Table 2
Canadian Arctic Rarities
rare throughout Canada

Anemone multiceps

Antennaria friesiana ssp. alaskana
Artemisia arctica ssp. comata
Artemisia globularia

Artemisia glomerata

Betula nana ssp. nana
Botrychium ascendens

Braya pilosa

Braya thorild-wulffii

Carex adelostoma

Carex laxa

Carex rufina

Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. alpina
Dianthus repens

Dryas integrifolia ssp. chamissonis
Erigeron hyperboreus

Erigeron muirii

Festuca lenensis

Gentiana nivalis

Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. detonsa
Koeleria asiatica

Linum lewsii ssp. lepagei
Mertensia drummondii
Platanthera albida var. straminea
Polygonum caurianum ssp. caurianum
Puccinellia bruggemannii
Puccinellia deschampsioides
Puccinellia poacea

Ranunculus turneri

Salicornia borealis

Salix ovalifolia var. arctolitoralis
Salix ovalifolia var. ovalifolia
Saxifraga eschscholtzii

Saxifraga stellaris

Smelowskia calycina var. media
Thlaspi arcticum

Trisetum sibiricum ssp. litorale

phytogeography of this region is very
incomplete. As further field work is done
some species now thought to be rare may
prove to be more common than we thought
and, undoubtedly, other rare taxa will be
discovered. The challenge is to protect
sufficiently large, representative ecosystems
so that the consequences of this lack of
information will be minimized.

FUTURE RESEARCH
REQUIREMENTS

1. The flora of the Canadian Arctic
urgently requires taxonomic and phyto-
geographical study.

a. The known distribution of the flora,
based on herbarium specimens, needs to be
updated and expanded. Canadian Arctic
specimens in Canadian herbaria, and in
critical herbaria in other countries, should
be verified and mapped. Specimen label
data should be computerized and
coordinates determined so that localities can
be plotted on large scale maps.

b: » Field: study “is needed) ftomsall
collecting gaps and to relocate rare taxa
known only from one or two _ localities.
Voucher collections of such rarities should
be made only when they are not a threat to
the populations.

2. The Arctic boundary needs to be more
precisely defined and mapped.

3. Areas of the Canadian Arctic in which
rare taxa are concentrated should be
recognized and correlated with protected
areas and other land uses.

4. In order to permit the circumpolar
comparison of rare flora, the Panarctic
Flora initiative should be adequately
supported. This flora, by rationalizing
taxonomic nomenclature on a circumpolar
basis and by computerizing specimen label
data, will allow the assessment of rarity on
a world-wide basis, as well as the direct
comparison of circumpolar floras.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Dr. Bill Cody, Agriculture
Canada, for reviewing an early draft of the
manuscript and Dr. David Murray,
University of Alaska, for reviewing an early
draft of the manuscript and for providing
information and stimulating discussion.

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LIST OF RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC

Aconitum delphinifolium DC. ssp.
delphinifolium
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian -Arctic: wLow Arctic

Aconitum delphinifolium DC. ssp.
paradoxum (Rchb.) Hultén
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Agoseris glauca ssp. scorzonerifolia =
Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala

Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf. var.

dasycephala (Torr. & Gray) Jepson
(Agoseris glauca ssp. scorzonerifolia
(Schrad.) Piper)

ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Comment: Disjunct

RES

Agoseris glauca dasycephala

Agropyron trachycaulum = Elymus
trachycaulus

Alchemilla glomerulans Buser
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum
(L.) Hartman

LILIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland.

Alnus incana (L.) Moench
BETULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex
Pursh) Hultén

(Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh)
ORCHIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland and New
Brunswick.

Amerorchis rotundifolia

Anemone drummondii S. Wats.
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Anemone multiceps (Greene) Standl.
RANUNCULACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine ,
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and >
Canada.

Anemone narcissiflora L. ssp. interior
Hultén

RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Antennaria friesiana (Trautv.) Ekman

ssp. alaskana (Malte) Hultén
(Antennaria neoalaskana Porsild)
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the

Northwest Territories, and Canada.

Antennaria friesiana alaskana

Antennaria microphylla Rydb.
(Antennaria nitida Greene)
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Ontario.

Antennaria neoalaskana = Antennaria
friesiana ssp. alaskana

Antennaria nitida = Antennaria
microphylla

Aquilegia brevistyla Hook.
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Arabidopsis salsuginea (Pallas) N. Busch
(Thellungiella salsuginea (Pallas) O.E.
Schulz)

BRASSICACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the

Northwest Territories, Alberta, and
British Columbia.

Comment: Disjunct

Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Alberta.

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis =
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

€

4.
= à
i ae

Cp ‘ iB i
als TE

TE
TRE

Arctagrostis arundinacea

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis
Fern. & Macbr.)

ERICACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic my. A
Status: Rare in Prince Edward Island. S <7 À ib

wa Sey

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi var. coactilis =
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Arnica alpina ssp. tomentosa = Arnica
angustifolia ssp. tomentosa

Arnica angustifolia Vahl ssp. tomentosa
(Macoun) G.W. & G.R. Douglas
(Arnica alpina ssp. tomentosa (Macoun)
Maguire)
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Newfoundland.

Arnica chamissonis Less. ssp. foliosa
(Nutt.) Maguire

ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Quebec.

Arnica lessingii (Torr. & Gray) Greene
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Arnica lessingii

Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. arctica
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Artemisia arctica Less. ssp. comata
(Rydb.) Hultén

ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Artemisia furcata M. Bieb. var. furcata
(Artemisia furcata var. heterophylla
(Besser) Hultén, Artemisia hyperborea
Rydb.)

ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory,

Alberta, and British Columbia.

Artemisia furcata var. heterophylla =
Artemisia furcata var. furcata

Artemisia globularia Cham. ex Bess.
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Comment: Disjunct

2 | So à
& DS NOs
ah À
dougie
J

LL Tr

M
D: wah lh
AE a

SAS

NT
SE,

fe XO

\t—

Artemisia globularia

Artemisia glomerata Ledeb.
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Artemisia hyperborea = Artemisia
furcata var. furcata

Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum L.
(Asplenium viride Huds.)
ASPLENIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick, Quebec, and Alberta.

Asplenium viride = Asplenium
trichomanes-ramosum

Aster alpinus L. ssp. vierhapperi (Ohno)
Cronq.

ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Ontario.

Astragalus bodinii Sheldon

FABACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Manitoba,
and Saskatchewan.

ES 7 RE Sa
R A RISA TO by
ARE

SLT VA

a ral
PET Pee

Astragalus bodinii

Astragalus umbellatus Bunge
FABACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Atriplex gmelinii C.A. Mey. ex Bong.
CHENOPODIACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
Comment: Disjunct

Betula nana L. ssp. nana
BETULACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: eLow and eMid Arctic
Status: Rare in Canada.

Blysmus rufus = Scirpus rufus
var. neogaeus

Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schlecht.)
Fedtsch.

OROBANCHACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Alberta and British
Columbia.

Boschniakia rossica

RAS)

Botrychium ascendens W.H. Wagner
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Phytogeography: Montane

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Ontario and Canada.

DET SE

Botrychium lunaria ssp.
minganense = Botrychium minganense

Botrychium minganense Victorin
(Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. ssp.
minganense (Victorin) Calder & Taylor)
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories,
Saskatchewan, and British Columbia.

Boykinia richardsonii (Hook.) Rothrock
SAXIFRAGACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Braya glabella Richards.

(Braya henyrae Raup)
BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.
Comment: Endemic

BIA,
SEK
STE

(T—.

= Il
Braya henyrae = Braya glabella Braya glabella

Braya pilosa Hook.

(Braya purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge ssp.

pilosa (Hook.) Hultén)
BRASSICACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Braya purpurascens ssp. pilosa =
Braya pilosa

Braya thorild-wulffii Ostenf.
BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wMid and High Arctic
Status: Rare in Canada.

Comment: Endemic, widely scattered
populations.

Bromus pumpellianus Scribn.
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Ontario.

Calamagrostis holmii Lange
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.
Comment: Disjunct

Calamagrostis holmii

Calla palustris L.
ARACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland.

Ai
cru

SANS

Re in GY AS
RSR LE

Callitriche anceps Fern.
CALLITRICHACEAE

Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the

Northwest Territories, and British
Columbia.

me |
LS
Le À

Caltha natans Pallas ex Georgi
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
British Columbia.

ni.

Caltha palustris L. var. palustris
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Nova Scotia.

Caltha palustris palustris

Carex adelostoma Krecz.
(Carex morrisseyi Porsild)

KE RS
ERA
Pr

CYPERACEAE ral
Phytogeography: Boreal Sau,
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Quebec and Canada.

Carex albonigra Mackenzie
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.

ioe"

Carex arcta Boott

Sel Sa wis
: TEES SGA.
CYPERACEAE SAK AT po
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Newfoundland,
Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

—

Ss, LE
AY

Carex deflexa Hornem.

CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Prince Edward Island and
Alberta.

- (]
ee

Carex deflexa

Carex diandra Schrank
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Carex disperma Dewey
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Carex laxa Wahlenb.

CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Canada.
Comment: Disjunct

Carex leptalea Wahlenb.
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Carex leptalea

Carex limosa L.

CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Prince Edward Island.

Carex livida var. grayana = Carex livida
var. radicaulis

Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Willd. var.
radicaulis Paine
(Carex livida var. grayana (Dewey)
Fern.)
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, Nova (
Scotia, New Brunswick, and Manitoba. ie

Carex macloviana d’Urv. ssp. macloviana
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: eLow and eMid Arctic
Status: Rare in Quebec and Manitoba.

Carex media Dewey
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in New Brunswick and
Saskatchewan.

Comment: Disjunct

Carex media

Carex michrochaeta Holm
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Carex morrisseyi = Carex adelostoma

Carex paleacea Schreb. ex Wahlenb.
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Manitoba.

Carex petricosa Dewey
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Carex podocarpa R. Br.
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Carex podocarpa

Carex praticola Rydb.
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Carex rufina Drej.
CYPERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories,

Manitoba, and Canada.
Comment: Disjunct

Carex trisperma Dewey
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories,

Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British
Columbia.

Castilleja hyperborea Pennell
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Castilleja pallida ssp. septentrionalis =
Castilleja septentrionalis

Castilleja hyperborea

Castilleja septentrionalis Lindl.
(Castilleja pallida (E.) Spreng. ssp.
septentrionalis (Lindl.) Scoggan)

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Castilleja yukonis Pennell
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.
Comment: Endemic

pe
SA

ee
Cerastium maximum L. %
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Ceratophyllum demersum L.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Prince Edward Island.

Ceratophyllum demersum

Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Aschers.
CHENOPODIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Chenopodium glaucum ssp. salinum =
Chenopodium salinum

Chenopodium glaucum var. pulchrum
Chenopodium salinum

Chenopodium salinum Stand.
(Chenopodium glaucum ssp. salinum
(Standl.) Aellen, Chenopodium glaucum
var. pulchrum Aellen)
CHENOPODIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.

Coeloglossum viride ssp. bracteatum = Chenopodium salinum
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens

Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartman var.

virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer
(Habenaria viridis var. bracteata (Muhl.
ex Willd.) Reichenb. ex Gray.,
Coeloglossum viride ssp. bracteatum
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Hultén)
ORCHIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, Nova
Scotia, and Saskatchewan.

nN
SEES
: we Pia aS
ES

Crepis elegans Hook.
ASTERACAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Crepis elegans

Cryptogramma stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl
ADIANTACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia,
Saskatchewan, and British Columbia.

.
Cypripedium guttatum Sw. ssp. guttatum RE AVS
ORCHIDACEAE | rah
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.

Cypripedium passerinum Richards.
ORCHIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Saskatchewan and British
Columbia.

Delphinium glaucum S. Wats.
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Saskatchewan.

Deschampsia alpina =

Deschampsia
cespitosa ssp. alpina

Delphinium glaucum

Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. ssp.
alpina (L.) Tzvelev
(Deschampsia alpina (L.) Roemer & J.A.
Schultes)
POACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: eLow and eMid Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories,
Quebec, and Canada.

Dianthus repens Willd.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Diapensia lapponica L. var. obovata F.
Schmidt

(Diapensia obovata (F. Schmidt) Nakai) fee a
DIAPENSIACEAE Px
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Diapensia obovata = Diapensia lapponica
var. obovata

Dodecatheon frigidum Cham. & Schlecht. Ka cs

PRIMULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

[Ses SRE

à. fon :
ae a Re.

Dodecatheon frigidum

Douglasia arctica Hook.
PRIMULACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.
Comment: Endemic

Draba aurea Vahl ex Hornem.
BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Manitoba,
and Saskatchewan.

ke ART RO
Vu NS
HET

TIRE

es
oy
SA

Draba borealis DC.
BRASSICACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Draba cana Rydb.

BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in New Brunswick, Manitoba,
and Saskatchewan.

Draba incana var. confusa = Draba
incana

Draba cana

Draba incana L.

(Draba incana var. confusa (Ehrh.) Lilj.)
BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Prince Edward Island, New
Brunswick, and Manitoba.

Draba incerta Payson

BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Draba nemorosa L. var. leiocarpa Lindbl.
BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow and Mid Arctic

Draba palanderiana Kjellm.
BRASSICACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Dryas chamissonis = Dryas integrifolia
ssp. chamissonis

[Ss

2
TRE:
7e
ee

ES ] mel He
= 199 © 300
qi 812 À !
X yn ay :
Wyte \) 4

yan

J Ad TPE |

Draba palanderiana

Dryas crenulata = Dryas integrifolia
ssp. crenulata

Dryas integrifolia Vahl ssp. chamissonis
(Spreng.) Scoggan

(Dryas chamissonis Spreng.)
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Comment: Disjunct

Dryas integrifolia Vahl ssp. crenulata
(Juz.) Scoggan

(Dryas crenulata Juz.)

ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Dryas integrifolia Vahl ssp. sylvatica
(Hultén) Hultén

(Dryas sylvatica (Hultén) Porsild)
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Dryas octopetala L. ssp. octopetala
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Dryas sylvatica = Dryas integrifolia
ssp. sylvatica

Dryopteris disjuncta = Gymnocarpium
disjunctum

DRE
A

Es
Dre <
‘tip

SL VA

Dryas octopetala octopetala

Dryopteris phegopteris = Phegopteris
connectilis

Eleocharis kamtschatica (C.A. Mey)
Komarov

CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Ontario,
and British Columbia.

Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex
Shinners

(Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte)
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Equisetum palustre L.
EQUISETACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Equisetum pratense Ehrh.
EQUISETACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland.

cis

Equisetum pratense

Erigeron alpiniformis Cronq.
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

TE É

Erigeron glabellus Nutt. ssp. pubescens
(Hook.) Cronq.

ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

arcticus Porsild

RE
Erigeron grandiflorus Hook. ssp. CS TRE

- SS x < 4 à
ASTERACEAE Cy | RS
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic n
Status: Rare in British Columbia. Ÿ

Erigeron grandiflorus ssp. muirii =
Erigeron muirii

Erigeron hyperboreus Greene
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Erigeron hyperboreus

Erigeron lonchophyllus Hook.
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Quebec.

Erigeron muirii Gray
(Erigeron grandiflorus Hook ssp. muirii
(Gray) Hultén)

ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Erigeron yukonensis Rydb.
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
Comment: Endemic

Eriophorum gracile W.D.J. Koch ex Roth
CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Prince

Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New
Brunswick.

Eriophorum gracile

vga NE
RS)

BOSS
PPS

=
(OS A

Le À

t— \

Eritrichium aretioides (Cham.) A. DC.
BORAGINACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Festuca altaica Trin.
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland and Alberta.

Festuca lenensis Drobov

(Festuca ovina ssp. alaskana Holmen)
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Canada.

TES
SE aa aS
GQ A

Festuca ovina ssp. alaskana = Festuca
lenensis

Festuca vivipara (L.) Sm. ssp. glabra
Frederiksen

POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow and High Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

PAL PR

Festuca vivipara glabra

Fragaria virginiana P. Mill. ssp. glauca
(S. Wats.) Staudt

ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Galium boreale var. intermedium =
Galium boreale

Galium boreale L.
(Galium boreale var. intermedium DC.)
RUBIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Nova Scotia.

Galium labradoricum (Wieg.) Wieg.
RUBIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia and British
Columbia

Gentiana acuta = Gentianella amarella
ssp. acuta

Gentiana nivalis L.
GENTIANACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Canada.

Gentiana raupii = Gentianopsis detonsa
ssp. raupii

CS à :
D ‘
il

Gentiana nivalis

Gentiana richardsonii = Gentianopsis
detonsa ssp. detonsa

Gentianella amarella (L.) Boerner ssp.
acuta (Michx.) J. Gillett

(Gentiana acuta Michx.)
GENTIANACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in New Brunswick.

Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma ssp.
detonsa
(Gentiana richardsonii Porsild)

GENTIANACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic D N Min -
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories Li Nit YAsh
and Canada. 7 F2 we

/ lig AK

Gentianopsis detonsa (Rottb.) Ma ssp.

raupii (Porsild) A. & D. Love
(Gentiana raupii Porsild)
GENTIANACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Comment: Endemic

Geum glaciale J.E. Adams ex Fisch.
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Geum glaciale

Geum rossii (R. Br.) Ser.

ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: High Arctic

Comment: Disjunct, widepread rare, highly
localized.

Gymnocarpium disjunctum (Rupr.) Ching
(Dryopteris disjuncta (Rupr.) Ching)
THELYPTERIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Habenaria straminea = Platanthera
albida var. straminea

Habenaria viridis var. bracteata =
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens

Heracleum lanatum Michx.
APIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Juncus alpinus ssp. nodulosus = Juncus
alpinoarticulatus ssp. nodulosus

Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix

ssp. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Hamet-Ahti
(Juncus alpinus ssp. nodulosus
(Wahlenb.) Lindm.)

JUNCACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Juncus alpinoarticulatus nodulosus

Juncus subtilis E. Mey.
JUNCACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland and New
Brunswick.

Koeleria asiatica Domin

POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Canada.

Lagotis minor (Willd.) Standl.

(Lagotis stelleri (Cham. & Schlecht.)
Raup)

SCROPHULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Lagotis stelleri = Lagotis minor

Lemna trisulca L.
LEMNACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Prince Edward Island and
New Brunswick.

Lemna trisulca

Ligusticum scoticum L. var. scoticum
APIACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Ontario.

ace

Limosella aquatica L.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Newfoundland,
Ontario, and British Columbia.

TRE

Linum lewisii Pursh ssp. lepagei (Boivin)
Mosquin

LINACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Ontario, Manitoba, and
Canada.

Comment: Endemic

anil

CESS

Listera borealis Morong k OS
ORCHIDACEAE Re eg ea a
Phytogeography: Boreal C4 1 ER
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic V7 L

Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Ontario,

and Saskatchewan.

Listera borealis

Lloydia serotina (L.) Salisb. ex Reichenb.
LILIACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Lonicera villosa (Michx.) J.A Schultes
var. calvescens (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Lychnis alpina L. var. alpina

(Viscaria alpina (L.) G. Don)
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora L.
PRIMULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland.

Melandrium taylorae = Silene taylorae

: JO
ES =

(—.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora

DATÉE

fine
PA Rx

Mertensia drummondii (Lehm.) G. Don
BORAGINACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don
var. paniculata

BORAGINACEAE

I € M Ti
Se esi by Sasi ÿ À: suis
LS
J ALT PRE

Minuartia arctica (Stev. ex Ser.) Graebn
CARYOPAYEEACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Minuartia macrocarpa (Pursh) Ostenf.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

AT
LR

Minuartia macrocarpa
46

Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Minuartia yukonensis Hultén
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Myosotis alpestris ssp. asiatica =
Myosotis asiatica

Myosotis asiatica (Vesterg.) Schischkin
& Sergievskaja
(Myosotis alpestris ssp. asiatica
Vesterg.)
BORAGINACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Myriophyllum verticillatum var.

pectinatum = Myriophyllum verticillatum

Myriophyllum verticillatum var.
pinnatifidum = Myriophyllum
verticillatum

Myriophyllum alterniflorum DC.
HALORAGACEAE

Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Manitoba.

Myriophyllum alterniflorum

Myriophyllum verticillatum L.
(Myriophyllum verticillatum var.
pectinatum Wallr., Myriophyllum
verticillatum var. pinnatifidum Wallr.)
HALORAGACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory,
Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island,
and Saskatchewan.

Nuphar polysepalum = Nuphar lutea
ssp. polysepala

Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibthorp & Sm.

ssp. polysepala (Engelm.) E.O. Beal
(Nuphar polysepalum Engelm.)
NYMPHAEACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Orchis rotundifolia = Amerorchis
rotundifolia

Oxytropis glutinosa = Oxytropis viscida
var. subsucculenta

Oxytropis nigrescens (Pallas) Fisch. ex

DC. var. nigrescens
(Oxytropis nigrescens ssp. pygmaea
(Fern.) Hultén, Oxytropis nigrescens ssp.
bryophila (Greene) Hultén)

FABACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Oxytropis nigrescens ssp. bryophila =
Oxytropis nigrescens var. nigrescens

Oxytropis nigrescens ssp. pygmaea =
Oxytropis nigrescens var. nigrescens

Oxytropis splendens Dougl. ex Hook.
FABACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

PAK TS

Tole

Oxytropis splendens

Oxytropis viscida Nutt. var. subsucculenta
(Hook.) Barneby

(Oxytropis glutinosa Porsild)
FABACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow and wMid Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Parrya nudicaulis (L.) Boiss.
BRASSICACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Pedicularis macrodonta Richards.
(Pedicularis parviflora sensu Porsild &
Cody, 1980)

SCROPHULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and British Columbia.

Pedicularis parviflora = Pedicularis
macrodonta

Pedicularis verticillata L.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Pedicularis verticillata

Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
(Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Christens.,
Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slossen)
ASPLENIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and Alberta.

Phleum alpinum L. .
(Phleum commutatum Gaudin, Phleum
commutatum var. americanum (Fourn.)
Hultén)
POACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and
Saskatchewan.

Phleum commutatum = Phleum alpinum

Phleum commutatum var. americanum =
Phleum alpinum

Phlox richardsonii Hook. ssp. richardsonii
(Phlox sibirica ssp. richardsonii (Hook.)
Hultén)

POLEMONIACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow and High Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Comment: Endemic

Phlox sibirica ssp. richardsonii = Phlox
richardsonii ssp. richardsonii

Plantago eriopoda Torr.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Plantago eriopoda

Platanthera albida (L.) Lindl. var.
straminea (Fern.) Luer

(Habenaria straminea Fern.)
ORCHIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Quebec,
and Canada.

Poa eminens J. Presl
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland.

Poa lanata Scribn. & Merr.
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Saskatchewan.

w, 7
SO

Poa leptocoma Trin. ssp. paucispicula
(Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvelev

(Poa paucispicula Scribn. & Merr.)
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Poa paucispicula = Poa leptocoma
ssp. paucispicula

Poa leptocoma paucispicula

Polygonum alaskanum = Polygonum
alpinum

Polygonum alpinum All.

(Polygonum alaskanum W. Wight ex
Hultén)

POLYGONACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Polygonum amphibium ssp.
laevimarginatum = Polygonum
amphibium var. stipulaceum

Polygonum amphibium L. var.
stipulaceum Coleman
(Polygonum amphibium L. ssp.
laevimarginatum Hultén)
POLYGONACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Polygonum caurianum B.L. Robins.
ssp. caurianum

POLYGONACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Polygonum caurianum B.L. Robins.

ssp. hudsonianum Wolf & McNeill
POLYGONACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

LP EX"

REX

Polygonum caurianum hudsonianum

Polypodium virginianum L.
(Polypodium vulgare L. ssp.
virginianum (L.) Hultén)

POLYPODIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, Prince

Edward Island, Alberta, and British

Columbia.

Polypodium vulgare ssp. virginianum =
Polypodium virginianum

Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth
DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, Nova
Scotia, and Quebec.

Comment: Disjunct

Populus tremuloides Michx. \
SALICACEAE pe
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

ane
e

TE
Ÿ

Potamogeton friesii Rupr. LA aD »

POTAMOGETONACEAE ES

Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick.

Potamogeton friesii

Potamogeton pectinatus L. :
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in Newfoundland and Prince
Edward Island.

Potamogeton richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb.
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Potamogeton strictifolius var. rutiloides =
Potamogeton strictifolius

Potamogeton strictifolius Benn.
(Potamogeton strictifolius var. rutiloides
Fern.)

POTAMOGETONACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Manitoba,
Saskatchewan, and British Columbia.

Potamogeton zosterifolius ssp.
zosteriformis = Potamogeton
zosteriformis

Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern.
(Potamogeton zosterifolius Schum. ssp.
zosteriformis (Fern.) Hultén)
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia.

ET CSD

we CL ee
RAR LE
71

Potamogeton zosteriformis

Potentilla biflora Willd. ex Schlecht.
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. var.
ranunculus (Lange) Boivin
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Potentilla multifida L.
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Quebec, Ontario,

Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British
Columbia.

Potentilla pensylvanica var. litoralis =

Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata

Potentilla pensylvanica L. var. pectinata
(Raf.) Boivin

(Potentilla pensylvanica var. litoralis
(Rydb.) Boivin)
ROSACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia, and Manitoba.

Potentilla pensylvanica pectinata

Potentilla uniflora Ledeb.
ROSACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Primula borealis Duby
PRIMULACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Primula incana M.E. Jones
PRIMULACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.

Primula mistassinica Michx.
(Primula mistassinica var. macropoda
(Fern.) Boivin)

PRIMULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory,

Nova Scotia, New Brunswick,

Saskatchewan, and British Columbia.

[Yt

ES
XOX

A
COLE
PRESS

“es a
190 0 300
=~.

eso

Primula mistassinica

Puccinellia bruggemannii Sorensen
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: Mid and High Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Comment: Endemic, widespread rare,
ephemeral and eroding habitat.

Puccinellia deschampsioides Sorensen
POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: Low and Mid Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Puccinellia kurilensis (Takeda) Honda
(Puccinellia pumila (Vasey) A.S.
Hitchc.)

POACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Comment: Disjunct

Puccinellia poacea Sorensen

POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: High Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Puccinellia pumila = Puccinellia
kurilensis

a eS
EAS.
ERE

\-—

à. Ss
(®
AD Ss
Nee
o/ Jo 4

J MES À

Puccinellia poacea

Ranunculus gelidus = Ranunculus
karelinii

Ranunculus karelinii Czern.
(Ranunculus gelidus Kar. & Kir.)
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Ranunculus sceleratus L. var. multifidus
Nutt.

RANUNCULACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in New Brunswick.

Ranunculus turneri Greene
RANUNCULACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Canada.

Rhodiola integrifolia = Sedum
integrifolium ssp. integrifolium
Rhodiola rosea = Sedum rosea
Ribes glandulosum Grauer
GROSSULARIACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow and eMid Arctic

À PARENT
on Lx
a (

Ribes glandulosum

Rumex aquaticus L. var. fenestratus
(Greene) Dorn
(Rumex occidentalis S. Wats.)
POL YGONACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Rumex occidentalis = Rumex aquaticus
var. fenestratus

Sagina linnaei = Sagina saginoides

Sagina saginoides (L.) Karst.
(Sagina linnaei L. Presl)
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Montane
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Quebec.

Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon
ALISMATACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.
Comment: Disjunct

Salicornia borealis Wolf & Jeffries
CHENOPODIACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in Manitoba and Canada.
Comment: Endemic

SS |

Salicornia borealis

Salix arctolitoralis = Salix ovalifolia
var. arctolitoralis

Salix argyrocarpa Anderss.
SALICACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Salix bebbiana Sarg.
SALICACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Salix brachycarpa Nutt. ssp.
brachycarpa

SALICACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Manitoba.

[eee

Salix cordata Michx.
SALICACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Salix cordata

Salix exigua Nutt. ssp. interior (Rowlee)
Cronq.
(Salix interior var. pedicellata (Anderss.)
Ball)
SALICACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Salix farriae = Salix hastata

Salix hastata L.
(Salix farriae sensu Porsild & Cody,
1980)
SALICACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Salix interior var. pedicellata = Salix
exigua ssp. interior

Salix ovalifolia Trautv. var. arctolitoralis
(Hultén) Argus

(Salix arctolitoralis Hultén)
SALICACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Canada.
Comment: Endemic

Salix ovalifolia Trautv. var. ovalifolia
SALICACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

CE SS
ENS
RES
Mira
DST Payee

Nese

PET Pe

Salix ovalifolia ovalifolia

Salix pedicellaris Pursh

(Salix pedicellaris var. hypoglauca
(Fern.) Ball)
SALICACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory,
Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia.

Salix pedicellaris var. hypoglauca =
Salix pedicellaris

Salix phlebophylla Anderss.
SALICACEAE

14 x N ta
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine ¥, Ci ATi /
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic A /) aT Shc
a IN as

owe

> =

Phytogeography: Arctic
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories

A =

Saxifraga eschscholtzii Sternb.
SAXIFRAGACEAE 4
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow and High Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Canada.

JT FRE

Saxifraga eschscholtzii

Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don ssp.
nelsoniana
(Saxifraga punctata ssp. nelsoniana (D.
Don) Hultén)
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic an
\3
Saxifraga punctata ssp. nelsoniana =
Saxifraga nelsoniana ssp. nelsoniana

Saxifraga radiata = Saxifraga sibirica

Saxifraga serpyllifolia Pursh
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: High Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

eles

Saxifraga sibirica L.
(Saxifraga radiata Small)
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Saxifraga stellaris L.
SAXIFRAGACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Saxifraga stellaris

‘3

Scheuchzeria palustris L. ssp.
americana (Fern.) Hultén
SCHEUCHZERIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and 4
Saskatchewan. ® Ÿ
705
Scirpus rufus (Huds.) Schrad. var. oe
neogaeus Fern.
(Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link) _

CYPERACEAE

Phytogeography: Coastal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories,
Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia,

Â
K (Kk
@:
Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Ja ia)

Alberta. aa

Sedum integrifolium (Raf.) A. Nels.

ssp. integrifolium
(Rhodiola integrifolia Raf., Sedum rosea
(L.) Scop. ssp. integrifolium (Raf.)

Hultén)

CRASSULACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories. i ee

Sedum rosea ssp. integrifolium =
Sedum integrifolium ssp. integrifolium

Sedum rosea (L.) Scop.
(Rhodiola rosea L.)
CRASSULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow and eMid Arctic
Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories.

Sedum rosea

za oe

4 À

Selaginella sibirica (Milde) Hieron.
SELAGINELLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Senecio cymbalaria Pursh
(Senecio resedifolius Less.)
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland.

Senecio fuscatus Hayek
(Senecio lindstroemii (Ostenf.) Porsild,
Senecio tundricola Tolmie)
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in British Columbia.

Senecio lindstroemii = Senecio fuscatus
Senecio tundricola = Senecio fuscatus

Senecio pauciflorus Pursh
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Newfoundland and
Saskatchewan.

[Sass

Senecio pauciflorus

Senecio pauperculus Michx.
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Senecio resedifolius = Senecio
cymbalaria

Senecio yukonensis Porsild
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Silene acaulis L. var. subacaulescens
(F.N. Williams) Fern. & St. John
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Silene repens Patrin ex Pers. ssp.
purpurata (Greene) C.L. Hitche. &
Maguire

CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Silene repens purpurata

Silene taylorae (B.L. Robins.) Hultén
(Melandrium taylorae (B.L. Robins.)
Tolm.)

CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Sisyrinchium montanum Greene
IRIDACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.

Smelowskia calycina (Steph. ex Willd.)
C.A. Mey. var. media Drury & Rollins
BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories
and Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Solidago decumbens var. oreophila =
Solidago simplex var. nana

Solidago macrophylla Pursh
ASTERACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Prince Edward Island.

cE
XG
peli

+
0

Un
Lad
sr
A

Solidago macrophylla

Solidago simplex Kunth var. nana Gray x K PS:
(Solidago decumbens var. oreophila DER ut ey
(Rydb.) Fern.) Ca a We
ASTERACEAE D M) 17

Phytogeography: Boreal S + rm

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Sparganium angustifolium Michx. re
(Sparganium emersum var.
multipedunculatum (Morong) Reveal,
Sparganium multipedunculatum
(Morong) Rydb.)

SPARGANIACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Nova Scotia, Quebec, and
Ontario.

Sparganium emersum var.
multipedunculatum = Sparganium
angustifolium

Sparganium minimum (C.J. Hartman)
Wallr.

SPARGANIACEAE

Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory.

Sparganium multipedunculatum =
Sparganium angustifolium

Spergularia canadensis G. Don
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Ontario.

Spergularia canadensis

Suaeda calceoliformis (Hook.) Mog.
(Suaeda depressa auct. non (Pursh) S.
Wats.)

CHENOPODIACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic
Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, Newfoundland,
Prince Edward Island, and Ontario.

Suaeda depressa = Suaeda
calceoliformis

Subularia aquatica L. ssp. americana
Mulligan & Calder

BRASSICACEAE

Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, New Brunswick,
Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

Taraxacum lyratum (Ledeb.) DC.
(Taraxacum sibiricum Dahlst.)
ASTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Taraxacum sibiricum = Taraxacum
lyratum

Thalictrum alpinum L.
RANUNCULACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic
Status: Rare in Quebec.
Comment: Disjunct

Thellungiella salsuginea = Arabidopsis
salsuginea

cru

Thalictrum alpinum

Thelypteris phegopteris = Phegopteris
connectilis

Thlaspi arcticum Porsild
BRASSICACEAE
Phytogeography: Arctic-alpine
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Comment: Endemic

Trientalis borealis Raf.
PRIMULACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Trisetum sibiricum Rupr. ssp. litorale
(Rupr. ex Rosh.) Rosh.

POACEAE

Phytogeography: Arctic

Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory and
Canada.

Utricularia ochroleuca R.W. Hartman
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

De ER
x

A
TA

Utricularia ochroleuca

Valeriana capitata Pallas ex Link
VALERIANACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: wLow Arctic

Viburnum edule (Michx.) Raf.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Phytogeography: Boreal
Canadian Arctic: Low Arctic
Status: Rare in Nova Scotia.

Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
VIOLACEAE

Phytogeography: Boreal

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory,
Newfoundland, Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
and Alberta.

Viscaria alpina = Lychnis alpina
var. alpina

Zannichellia palustris L.
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Phytogeography: Aquatic

Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Yukon Territory,
Newfoundland, and British Columbia.

ieee

Zannichellia palustris

Zostera marina L.
ZOSTERACEAE
Phytogeography: Coastal
Canadian Arctic: eLow Arctic

Status: Rare in the Northwest Territories,
Ontario, and Manitoba.

Zostera marina

APPENDIX I

FAMILY LIST OF RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE
CANADIAN ARCTIC

ADIANTACEAE
Cryptogramma stelleri

ALISMATACEAE
Sagittaria cuneata

APIACEAE
Heracleum lanatum
Ligusticum scoticum var. scoticum

ARACEAE
Calla palustris

ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum
Phegopteris connectilis

ASTERACAE
Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala
Antennaria friesiana ssp. alaskana
Antennaria microphylla
Arnica angustifolia ssp. tomentosa
Arnica chamissonis ssp. foliosa
Arnica lessingii
Artemisia arctica ssp. arctica
Artemisia arctica ssp. comata
Artemisia furcata var. furcata
Artemisia globularia
Artemisia glomerata
Aster alpinus ssp. vierhapperi
Crepis elegans
Erigeron alpiniformis
Erigeron glabellus ssp. pubescens
Erigeron grandiflorus ssp. arcticus
Erigeron hyperboreus
Erigeron lonchophyllus
Erigeron muirii
Erigeron yukonensis
Senecio cymbalaria

Senecio fuscatus

Senecio pauciflorus
Senecio pauperculus
Senecio yukonensis
Solidago macrophylla
Solidago simplex var. nana
Taraxacum lyratum

BETULACEAE
Alnus incana
Betula nana ssp. nana

BORAGINACEAE
Eritrichium aretioides
Mertensia drummondii
Mertensia paniculata var. paniculata
Myosotis asiatica

BRASSICACEAE
Arabidopsis salsuginea
Braya glabella
Braya pilosa
Braya thorild-wulffii
Draba aurea
Draba borealis
Draba cana
Draba incana
Draba incerta
Draba nemorosa var. leiocarpa
Draba palanderiana
Parrya nudicaulis
Smelowskia calycina var. media
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana
Thlaspi arcticum

CALLITRICHACEAE
Callitriche anceps

CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera villosa var. calvescens
Viburnum edule

CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Cerastium maximum
Dianthus repens
Lychnis alpina var. alpina
Minuartia arctica
Minuartia macrocarpa
Minuartia obtusiloba
Minuartia yukonensis
Sagina saginoides
Silene acaulis var. subacaulescens
Silene repens ssp. purpurata
Silene taylorae
Spergularia canadensis

CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum demersum

CHENOPODIACEAE
Atriplex gmelinii
Chenopodium capitatum
Chenopodium salinum
Salicornia borealis
Suaeda calceoliformis

CRASSULACEAE

Sedum integrifolium ssp. integrifolium

Sedum rosea

CYPERACEAE
Carex adelostoma
Carex albonigra
Carex arcta
Carex deflexa
Carex diandra
Carex disperma
Carex laxa
Carex leptalea
Carex limosa
Carex livida var. radicaulis
Carex macloviana ssp. macloviana
Carex media
Carex michrochaeta
Carex paleacea

Carex petricosa

Carex podocarpa

Carex praticola

Carex rufina

Carex trisperma

Eleocharis kamtschatica
Eriophorum gracile

Scirpus rufus var. neogaeus

DIAPENSIACEAE
Diapensia lapponica var. obovata

DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Polystichum lonchitis

EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum palustre
Equisetum pratense

ERICACEAE
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

FABACEAE
Astragalus bodinii
Astragalus umbellatus
Oxytropis nigrescens var. nigrescens
Oxytropis splendens
Oxytropis viscida var. subsucculenta

GENTIANACEAE
Gentiana nivalis
Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta
Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. detonsa
Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. raupii

GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes glandulosum

HALORAGACEAE
Myriophyllum alterniflorum
Myriophyllum verticillatum

IRIDACEAE
Sisyrinchium montanum

JUNCACEAE
Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. nodulosus
Juncus subtilis

LEMNACEAE
Lemna trisulca

LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia ochroleuca

LILIACEAE
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum
Lloydia serotina

LINACEAE
Linum lewisii ssp. lepagei

NYMPHAEACEAE
Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrychium ascendens
Botrychium minganense

ORCHIDACEAE
Amerorchis rotundifolia
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens
Cypripedium guttatum ssp. guttatum
Cypripedium passerinum
Listera borealis
Platanthera albida var. straminea

OROBANCHACEAE
Boschniakia rossica

PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago eriopoda

POACEAE
Arctagrostis arundinacea
Bromus pumpellianus
Calamagrostis holmii
Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. alpina
Elymus trachycaulus
Festuca altaica
Festuca lenensis

Festuca vivipara ssp. glabra
Koeleria asiatica

Phleum alpinum

Poa eminens

Poa lanata

Poa leptocoma ssp. paucispicula
Puccinellia bruggemannii
Puccinellia deschampsioides
Puccinellia kurilensis
Puccinellia poacea

Trisetum sibiricum ssp. litorale

POLEMONIACEAE
Phlox richardsonii ssp. richardsonii

POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum alpinum
Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum
Polygonum caurianum ssp. caurianum
Polygonum caurianum ssp. hudsonianum
Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus

POLYPODIACEAE
Polypodium virginianum

POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton friesii
Potamogeton pectinatus
Potamogeton richardsonii
Potamogeton strictifolius
Potamogeton zosteriformis
Zannichellia palustris

PRIMULACEAE
Dodecatheon frigidum
Douglasia arctica
Lysimachia thyrsiflora
Primula borealis
Primula incana
Primula mistassinica
Trientalis borealis

RANUNCULACEAE
Aconitum delphinifolium ssp.
delphinifolium
Aconitum delphinifolium ssp. paradoxum

Anemone drummondii

Anemone multiceps

Anemone narcissiflora ssp. interior
Aquilegia brevistyla

Caltha natans

Caltha palustris var. palustris
Delphinium glaucum

Ranunculus karelinii

Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus
Ranunculus turneri

Thalictrum alpinum

ROSACEAE

Alchemilla glomerulans

Dryas integrifolia ssp. chamissonis
Dryas integrifolia ssp. crenulata
Dryas integrifolia ssp. sylvatica
Dryas octopetala ssp. octopetala
Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca
Geum glaciale

Geum rossi

Potentilla biflora

Potentilla diversifolia var. ranunculus
Potentilla multifida

Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata
Potentilla uniflora

RUBIACEAE
Galium boreale
Galium labradoricum

SALICACEAE
Populus tremuloides
Salix argyrocarpa
Salix bebbiana
Salix brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa
Salix cordata
Salix exigua ssp. interior
Salix hastata
Salix ovalifolia var. arctolitoralis
Salix ovalifolia var. ovalifolia
Salix pedicellaris
Salix phlebophylla
Salix sphenophylla

SAXIFRAGACEAE
Boykinia richardsonii
Saxifraga eschscholtzii
Saxifraga nelsoniana ssp. nelsoniana
Saxifraga serpyllifolia
Saxifraga sibirica
Saxifraga stellaris

SCHEUCHZERIACEAE
Scheuchzeria palustris ssp. americana

SCROPHULARIACEAE
Castilleja hyperborea
Castilleja septentrionalis
Castilleja yukonis

Lagotis minor

Limosella aquatica
Pedicularis macrodonta
Pedicularis verticillata

SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella sibirica

SPARGANIACEAE
Sparganium angustifolium
Sparganium minimum

THELYPTERIDACEAE
Gymnocarpium disjunctum

VALERIANACEAE
Valeriana capitata

VIOLACEAE
Viola selkirki

ZOSTERACEAE
Zostera marina

APPENDIX II

PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF RARE VASCULAR PLANTS IN
THE CANADIAN ARCTIC

ARCTIC
Aconitum delphinifolium ssp. paradoxum
Artemisia arctica ssp. comata
Artemisia furcata var. furcata
Betula nana ssp. nana
Braya pilosa
Braya thorild-wulffii
Calamagrostis holmii
Carex rufina
Dryas integrifolia ssp. chamissonis
Erigeron alpiniformis
Erigeron hyperboreus
Erigeron muirii
Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. detonsa
Linum lewisii ssp. lepagei
Lychnis alpina var. alpina
Mertensia drummondii
Platanthera albida var. straminea
Potentilla diversifolia var. ranunculus
Puccinellia bruggemannii
Puccinellia deschampsioides
Puccinellia poacea
Ranunculus turneri
Salicornia borealis
Salix ovalifolia var. arctolitoralis
Salix ovalifolia var. ovalifolia
Salix sphenophylla
Saxifraga stellaris
Trisetum sibiricum ssp. litorale

ARCTIC-ALPINE
Aconitum delphinifolium ssp.
delphinifolium
Alchemilla glomerulans
Anemone drummondii
Anemone multiceps
Anemone narcissiflora ssp. interior
Antennaria friesiana ssp. alaskana

Arnica angustifolia ssp. tomentosa
Arnica lessingii

Artemisia arctica ssp. arctica
Artemisia globularia

Artemisia glomerata

Aster alpinus ssp. vierhapperi
Astragalus umbellatus

Boykinia richardsonii

Braya glabella

Carex albonigra

Carex laxa

Carex macloviana ssp. macloviana
Carex michrochaeta

Carex petricosa

Carex podocarpa

Castilleja hyperborea

Castilleja yukonis

Cerastium maximum
Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. alpina
Dianthus repens

Diapensia lapponica var. obovata
Dodecatheon frigidum

Douglasia arctica

Draba borealis

Draba incerta

Draba palanderiana

Dryas integrifolia ssp. crenulata
Dryas octopetala ssp. octopetala
Erigeron grandiflorus ssp. arcticus
Eritrichium aretioides

Festuca altaica

Festuca lenensis

Festuca vivipara ssp. glabra
Gentiana nivalis

Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. raupii
Geum glaciale

Geum rossii

Koeleria asiatica

Lagotis minor

Lloydia serotina

Minuartia arctica

Minuartia macrocarpa

Minuartia obtusiloba

Minuartia yukonensis

Myosotis asiatica

Oxytropis nigrescens var. nigrescens
Oxytropis viscida var. subsucculenta
Parrya nudicaulis

Phleum alpinum

Phlox richardsonii ssp. richardsonii
Poa lanata

Poa leptocoma ssp. paucispicula
Potentilla biflora

Potentilla uniflora

Ranunculus karelinii

Salix hastata

Salix phlebophylla

Saxifraga eschscholtzii

Saxifraga nelsoniana ssp. nelsoniana
Saxifraga serpyllifolia

Saxifraga sibirica

Sedum integrifolium ssp. integrifolium
Selaginella sibirica

Senecio cymbalaria

Senecio fuscatus

Senecio yukonensis

Silene acaulis var. subacaulescens
Silene repens ssp. purpurata
Smelowskia calycina var. media
Taraxacum lyratum

Thalictrum alpinum

Thlaspi arcticum

BOREAL
Agoseris glauca var. dasycephala
Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum
Alnus incana
Amerorchis rotundifolia
Antennaria microphylla
Aquilegia brevistyla
Arctagrostis arundinacea
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Arnica chamissonis ssp. foliosa
Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum

Astragalus bodinii

Boschniakia rossica
Botrychium minganense
Bromus pumpellianus

Calla palustris

Caltha natans

Caltha palustris var. palustris
Carex adelostoma

Carex arcta

Carex deflexa

Carex diandra

Carex disperma

Carex leptalea

Carex limosa

Carex livida var. radicaulis
Carex media

Carex praticola

Carex trisperma

Castilleja septentrionalis
Chenopodium capitatum
Chenopodium salinum
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens
Crepis elegans

Cryptogramma stelleri
Cypripedium guttatum ssp. guttatum
Cypripedium passerinum
Delphinium glaucum

Draba aurea

Draba cana

Draba incana

Draba nemorosa var. leiocarpa
Dryas integrifolia ssp. sylvatica
Elymus trachycaulus
Equisetum palustre

Equisetum pratense

Erigeron glabellus ssp. pubescens
Erigeron lonchophyllus
Erigeron yukonensis
Eriophorum gracile

Fragaria virginiana ssp. glauca
Galium boreale

Galium labradoricum
Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta
Gymnocarpium disjunctum
Heracleum lanatum

Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. nodulosus
Juncus subtilis

Listera borealis

Lonicera villosa var. calvescens
Lysimachia thyrsiflora

Mertensia paniculata var. paniculata
Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala
Oxytropis splendens

Pedicularis macrodonta

Pedicularis verticillata

Phegopteris connectilis

Polygonum alpinum

Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum

Polygonum caurianum ssp. caurianum
Polypodium virginianum
Polystichum lonchitis

Populus tremuloides

Potentilla multifida

Potentilla pensylvanica var. pectinata
Primula incana

Primula mistassinica

Ranunculus sceleratus var. multifidus
Ribes glandulosum

Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus
Sagittaria cuneata

Salix argyrocarpa

Salix bebbiana

Salix brachycarpa ssp. brachycarpa
Salix cordata

Salix exigua ssp. interior

Salix pedicellaris

Scheuchzeria palustris ssp. americana
Sedum rosea

Senecio pauciflorus

Senecio pauperculus

Silene taylorae

Sisyrinchium montanum

Solidago macrophylla

Solidago simplex var. nana
Trientalis borealis

Valeriana capitata

Viburnum edule

Viola selkirkii

MONTANE
Botrychium ascendens
Sagina saginoides

COASTAL
Arabidopsis salsuginea
Atriplex gmelinii
Carex paleacea
Eleocharis kamtschatica
Ligusticum scoticum var. scoticum
Plantago eriopoda
Poa eminens

Polygonum caurianum ssp. hudsonianum

Primula borealis
Puccinellia kurilensis
Scirpus rufus var. neogaeus
Spergularia canadensis
Suaeda calceoliformis
Zostera marina

AQUATIC
Callitriche anceps
Ceratophyllum demersum
Lemna trisulca
Limosella aquatica
Myriophyllum alterniflorum
Myriophyllum verticillatum
Potamogeton friesii
Potamogeton pectinatus
Potamogeton richardsonii
Potamogeton strictifolius
Potamogeton zosteriformis
Sparganium angustifolium
Sparganium minimum
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana
Utricularia ochroleuca
Zannichellia palustris

APRA av be. ACTE al a
ey Lans Den 1Wan z
bang os

j es Mie whitest s

Recent Syllogeus Titles / Titres récents dans la collection Syllogeus

No.

NO.

No.

. 56

. 58

159

. 60

. 62

. 63

. 64

. 66

. 67

. 70

McAllister, Don E., Brad J. Parker and Paul M. McKee (1985)
RARE, ENDANGERED AND EXTINCT FISHES IN CANADA. 192 p.

Harington, C.R., editor (1985)
CLIMATIC CHANGE IN CANADA 5. 482 p.

Brodo, I.M. (1985) ;
GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICAN LICHENS. 39 p.

Vladykov, Vadim D. (1985)
DOES NEOTENY OCCUR IN HOLARCTIC LAMPREYS (PETROMYZONTIDAE)? 13 p.

Schriever, G., H.K. Schminke and C.-t. Shih, editors (1985)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COPEPODA, OTTAWA, CANADA,
13-17 AUGUST 1984. 662 p.

Straley, G.B., R.L. Taylor and G.W. Douglas (1985)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 165 p.

Frank, P.G., J.A. Fournier and J. Madill (1985)
TYPE SPECIMENS OF INVERTEBRATES (MOLLUSCA AND ARTHROPODA EXCLUDED) IN THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCES, NATIONAL MUSEUMS OF CANADA. 147 p.

Noble, W.J., T. Ahti, G.F. Otto and I.M. Brodo (1987)
A SECOND CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA. 95 p.

Ireland, R.R. and G. Bellolio-Trucco (1988)
ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO SOME HORNWORTS, LIVEWORTS AND MOSSES OF EASTERN CANADA.
205 p.

Soper, James H., Claude E. Garton, and David R. Given (1989)
FLORA OF THE NORTH SHORE OF LAKE SUPERIOR (VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE ONTARIO PORTION
OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR DRAINAGE BASIN). 61 p.

McAllister, Don E. (1990)
A LIST OF THE FISHES OF CANADA / LISTE DES POISSONS DU CANADA. 310 p.

Bouchard, André, Stuart Hay, Luc Brouillet, Martin Jean and Isabelle Saucier (1991)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE ISLAND OF NEWFOUNDLAND / LES PLANTES VASCULAIRES
RARES DE I’LLE DE TERRE-NEUVE. 165 p.

Youngman, Phillip M. (1991)
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MUSTELIDS: PART IX: EUROPEAN MINK. 45 p.

Day, Robin, and Paul M. Catling (1991)
THE RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 65 p.

Coad, Brian W. (1991)
FISHES OF THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES BASIN: A CRITICAL CHECKLIST. 49 p.

Wong, Pak Yau and Irwin M. Brodo (1992)
THE LICHENS OF SOUTHERN ONTARIO, CANADA. 79 p.

Ireland, Robert R. and Linda M. Ley (1992) 138 p.
ATLAS OF ONTARIO MOSSES

Balkwill, Darlene McCuaig and Stephen L. Cumbaa (1992)
A GUIDE TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF POSTCRANIAL BONES OF BOS TAURUS AND BISON BISON.
277 p.

0 EN

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