Synopsis of the parasites of vertebrates of Canada : parasites of marine mammals

Synopsis of the

Parasites of
Vertebrates
off Canada

Edited by Murray J. Kennedy

Parasites of
Marine Mammals

Leo Margolis

Hisao P. Arai

Abexfa

AGRICULTURE
Animal Health Division

M National Library
of Canada

Biblioth^que Rationale
du Canada

Other titles in this series —

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada

— Helminths and Protozoa of Terrestrial Mammals

Murray J. Kennedy, 1986

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada

— Ectoparasites of Terrestrial Mammals

Murray J. Kennedy and Robert A. Newman, 1986

Synopsis of the Digenea of Mammals of North America
Murray J. Kennedy, 1988

Synopsis of the Parasites of Domesticated Mammals of Canada
Murray J. Kennedy, 1988

Copies of these publications are available from the

Queen's Printer, 11510 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton T5G 2Y5

Each order for a copy of this publication must be accompanied by a cheque for $5.00 made out to
The Provincial Treasurer

1989 02 1M

MAY - 1 1989

Synopsis of the

Parasites off
Vertebrates
off Canada

Edited by Murray J. Kennedy""

Parasites of
IViarine IViammals

Leo Margolis^

Hisao P. Arai3

Alberta Agriculture
Veterinary Laboratory
6909- 116 Street
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada T6H 4P2

2 Department of Fisheries and Oceans
Biological Sciences Branch
Pacific Biological Station
Nanaimo, British Columbia
Canada V9R 5K6

3 Department of Biological Sciences
University of Calgary

Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1 N4

/dlbcna

Ar

M National Ubrary Biblioth^que nationale
of Canada du Canada

AGRICULTURE
Animal Health Division

890753

Abstract

This synopsis contains Parasite-Host and Host-Parasite lists for 74 species of parasites from 26 species (1 with 2
subspecies) of marine mammals from Canadian waters. The 74 species are distributed among higher taxa as follows:
Protozoa - 2; Trematoda - 9; Cestoidea - 9; Nematoda - 24; Acanthocephala - 10; Copepoda - 1; Amphipoda - 13;
Anoplura - 3; and Acarina - 3. Eighteen previously unpublished host-parasite-locality records are added to the
faunal records, including five species (one unnamed) previously unreported from Canadian waters: Hadwenius
nipponicus (Trematoda), Placentonema gigantissima (Nematoda), Corynosoma ?similis (Acanthocephala), and
Orthohalarachne attenuata (Acarina). Cyamus boopis (Amphipoda) from Balaenoptera physalus in Atlantic waters
appears to be a new host-parasite record.

Forward

Records of parasites found in Canadian animals go back almost 200 years, when de La Martiniere (1787)
described a monogenean from a fish taken off the west coast of Vancouver Island during the La Perouse
Expedition, while more comprehensive faunal lists date back to the 1850s e.g. Stimpson (1854). Margolis and
Arthur (1979) in their introduction to the Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada outlined the steady
increase in volume in investigations into fish parasites and a similar escalation is apparent when one considers other
vertebrate host taxa: Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals.

The possibility of producing a synoptic coverage of parasites of animals of Canada was first raised at a meeting
of the Executive Committee of the Parasitology Section of the Canadian Society of Zoologists in 1978 by Leo
Margolis. A committee was established to examine the feasibility of the proposal. In 1982, Smith and Addison
published a Bibliography of Parasites and Diseases of Ontario Wildlife, which provided an extensive coverage of
known pathogens (including bacteria, fungi, rickettsiae, helminths, insects, arachnids, "anatomical disorders",
"environmental contaminants", genetic, nutritional and reproductive disorders, protists and viruses). With the
publication of the above synopsis and bibliographies (Margolis and Arthur, 1979 and Smith and Addison, 1982) the
worth of providing synopses/ bibliographies of the parasites of all vertebrate groups in Canada became increasingly
obvious. Thus, in 1983 the question of the synopsis was resuscitated and the Executive Committee of the
Parasitology Section under the Chairmanship of Charles Tanner approved coverage of the vertebrate hosts.

The Executive Committee had hoped to pubhsh the synopsis in 1986 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of
the Canadian Society of Zoologists. Unfortunately lack of funding became a major barrier to progress and the
series, which was almost 50 per cent completed, remained in manuscript form. With the appearance of Dr.
Kennedy's two synopses in 1986 the possibility of publishing the synopsis under the aegis of Alberta Agriculture
became a possibility. In conversation with Dr. Kennedy he assured me of his enthusiastic support for this approach,
and his willingness to act as editor for the series. In 1988 Mr. Ben McEwan, Deputy Minister of Alberta Agriculture
approved the initiative, and the editorship transferred from me to Murray Kennedy. The publication of the series
will continue with the present volume being the first in the series. Each part will be published as it is completed,
rather than adhering to a systematic ordering, and each will have an introduction to include pertinent background
of the taxa under consideration.

The authority for the taxonomic arrangement of the major hosts and parasite groups will be declared for each
volume. Although we recommend a uniform classificatory scheme be used for the parasites throughout the series,
the difficuhies of adhering to any one classification are well known and need not be enumerated here. Therefore,
some flexibility has been allowed.

It is my hope that updated synopses and bibliographies will be produced at appropriate intervals in the future
and that the present series represents a foundation.

Mary Beverley-Burton
University of Guelph
College of Biological Sciences
Guelph, Ontario

Kennedy, M.J. 1986. Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada-Helminths and Protozoa of Terrestrial Mammals. Alberta
Agriculture Publication. 90 p.

Kennedy, M.J., and R.A. Newman. 1986. Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada-Ectoparasites of Terrestrial Mammals. Alberta
Agriculture Publication. 109 p.

de La Martiniere. 1787. Memoire sur quelques insectes. Obs. Sur. Phys. (etc).. Vol. 31, Pt2, Sept., p. 207-209, pi. 2. fig. 1-7; Oct., p. 264-266,
pi. 2. fig. 8-12; Nov., p 365-366, pi. 2, fig. 13-15.

Margolis, L., and J.R. Arthur. 1979. Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 199:
269 p.

Smith, L.M., and E.M. Addison. 1982. A Bibliography of Parasites and Diseases of Ontario Wildlife. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
Wildlife Research Report No. 99: 267 p.

Stimpson, W. 1854. Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrates of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Funday, New
Brunswick. Smithsonian Contribution to Knowledge 6: 1-66.

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2015

https://archive.org/details/synopsisofparasiOOmarg

Introduction

Although the earliest record of a parasite from marine
mammals taken in Canadian waters may date back to
1853, the parasite fauna of these mammals in Canadian
waters is far from adequately known. Undoubtedly, more
intensive studies than have been conducted to date would
bring to light the existence in this fauna of additional
species of parasites and would provide further host and
distributional records. Indeed, many parasite species not
known from Canadian waters have been reported from
other geographic areas in marine mammals that are
found also in Canadian waters; some of these sea
mammals are highly migratory and occur only seasonally
in Canadian waters. The present compilation must,
therefore, be regarded as indicative only of the present
state of knowledge and not as a definitive synopsis of the
fauna. Users of the synopsis are cautioned to bear this in
mind, particularly when comparisons with other
geographic areas are being attempted.

Only species considered to be obligatory and
permanent parasites are included herein. Organisms that
are more properly classified as commensals (e.g., the
nematode Odontobius ceti Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834
and the copepod Balaenophilus unisetus Aurivillius, 1 879,
which live on the baleen plates of whales) or that have a
phoretic relationship with marine mammals (e.g., various
barnacles), and the lampreys, which are regarded either as
temporary parasites or predators, are excluded.

Two known fish parasites that have been reported
from marine mammals are not included in the present
synopsis. They are the cestode Abothrium gadi van
Beneden, 1871, reported by Margolis (1956) from
Eumetopias jubatus from the Pacific coast and the
nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802)
[recorded as Contracaecum gadi (O. F Muller, 1777)],
reported by Ronald et al. (1970) from Pagophilus
(- Phocd) groenlandicus from the Atlantic coast. The
occurrence of these helminths in marine mammals likely
resulted from recent ingestion of infected fish and they
should not be considered as true parasites of these
mammals.

The synopsis indicates that up to October 1988, at least
69 species of parasites have been reported from 26 species
(1 with 2 subspecies) of marine Carnivora and Cetacea.
Five additional species (one unnamed) from previously
unpublished data in the files of one of us (L.M.) are also
listed in the synopsis. Parasites not identified to the
species level are not included in the total number, except
in cases where named species have not been recorded in
Canadian waters for the genus in question or clearly a
separate species is involved. The 74 species are divided
among major taxa as follows: Protozoa -2; Trematoda -9;
Cestoidea -9; Nematoda -24; Acanthocephala -10;
Copepoda -1; Amphipoda -13; Anoplura -3; and
Acarina -3.

Eighteen previously unpublished host-parasite-locality
records from the files of L.M. are included in the present
synopsis and are designated in the Parasite-Host list as
"previously unpublished." They are:

1. Campula oblonga Cobbold, 1858 (Trematoda) from
Phocoena phocoena and Phocoenoides dalli; Pacific
coast.

2. Hadwenius nipponicus Yamaguti, 1951 (Trematoda)
from Phocoena phocoena; Pacific coast.

3. Plicobothrium globicephalae Rausch and Margolis,
1969 (Cestoidea) from Lagenorhynchus albirostris;
Atlantic coast.

4. Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) (Cestoidea)
from Balaenoptera physalus; Atlantic coast.

5. Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923 (Nematoda) from
Physeter catodon; Atlantic coast.

6. Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) from
Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Balaenoptera physalus,
Phocoena phocaena, and Physeter catodon; Atlantic
coast.

7. Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) from Phocoena
phocoena; Pacific coast.

8. Crassicauda sp. (Nematoda) from Phocoena
phocoena; Pacific coast.

9. Placentonema gigantissima Gubanov, 1951
(Nematoda) from Physeter catodon; Pacific coast.

10. Bolbosoma sp. (Acanthocephala) from
Balaenoptera physalus; Pacific coast.

11. Corynosoma sp. (? similis Neiland, 1962)
(Acanthocephala) from Phocoena phocoena; Pacific
coast.

12. Cyamus boopis Liitken, 1870 (Amphipoda) from
Balaenoptera physalus; Atlantic coast. This also appears
to be a new host-parasite record.

13. Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) (Acarina)
from Callorhinus ursinus; Pacific coast.

14. Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944)
from Callorhinus ursinus; Pacific coast.

Of the above 14 parasite species, five are reported from
Canada for the first time: Hadwenius nipponicus,
Crassicauda sp. (unnamed), Placentonema gigantissima,
Corynosoma ? similis, and Orthohalarachne attenuata.

The classification and nomenclature of parasite taxa
used herein generally follows currently accepted
taxonomic systems. However, as has been emphasized by
Gibson (1987), there has been no single system of
trematode classification that has met with wide
acceptance. We have chosen to use the classification and
nomenclature recently proposed by Brooks et al. (1985),
with addition of the superfamily Notocotyloidea. For
Protozoa we used the system proposed by Levine et al.
(1980); for Cestoidea, Nematoda, and Acanthocephala,
we adopted the systems of Schmidt (1986), Anderson et
al. (1974-1983), and Amin (1985), respectively. The

1

arthropod parasites co\ ered in this synopsis have
been grouped in the classical way under the classes
Crustacea (Copepoda and Amphipoda), Insecta
(Anoplura). and Arachnoidea (Acarina).

Host nomenclature and classification conform to
the usage of Banks et al. (1987). In addition, two
subspecies of the harbor seal are recognized. In
accordance with the arguments presented by
Shaughnessy and Fay (1977), the subspecific name
of the Pacific coast harbor seal is spelled richardsi.
All Atlantic and eastern Arctic records from the
harbor seal are assigned to the subspecies concolor,
although most authors did not include a subspecific
name for this seal.

The format of the entries in the synopsis follows
that used by Margolis and Arthur (1979) in their
Synopsis of the Parasites of Fishes of Canada.

The PARASITE-HOST hst is organized by
higher taxa of parasites in the following order:
Protozoa (Apicomplexa), Platyhelminthes
(Trematoda, Cestoidea), Nemathelminthes
(Nematoda), Acanthocephala, and Arthropoda
(Crustacea: Copepoda, Amphipoda; Insecta:
Anoplura; Arachnoidea: Acarina). Species, genera,
and families are Usted in alphabetical order within
their respective next higher taxon. which in the case
of a family is a superfamily, a suborder, or an
order, depending on the group in question and the
usefulness of including the superfamily or suborder
category.

For each parasite species Usted. the following
information is provided:

1) The current scientific name, including
author(s) and date(s), followed by any recognized
synonyms that have been used in establishing the
Canadian record(s). No attempt has been made to
evaluate systematically the validity of published
records, but attention is drawn to obvious errors.

2) The site of occurrence of the parasite in its
host(s) (aberrant sites usually are not included).
When the site was not given, the likely site as
determined from other records, is enclosed in
square brackets.

3) The hosts. Only currently accepted scientific
names as recommended by Banks et al. (1987) are
given in the Parasite-Host List. Numbers in
parentheses after each host name correspond with
the numbers assigned to the references establishing
the particular parasite-host records.

4) Distribution (Dist.) within Canadian waters.
The species are grouped into four geographic
regions or localities: Atlantic (Atl). Pacific (Pac).
Eastern Arctic (E Arc), and Western Arctic (W Arc).
Eastern and Western Arctic are divided by 100°W
longitude. The Eastern Arctic is generally defined as
north of 60° N latitude, except that it includes
Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay.

5) Authors responsible for the records are
listed in chronological order of the published
records. To enable the reader to grasp at a glance
the author(s) responsible for particular parasite-
host-locality records, we numbered the references
listed under "Records'" and placed the
corresponding number(s) after the host name, and
each reference is followed by the localit\ or
localities from which the parasite was (were)
reported. When only one host is listed for a
particular parasite the references are not numbered,
and when all records are from the same locality the
latter is not listed after the authors' names.

6) Under Remarks, explanatory comments, as
required, are offered on systematics. nomenclature,
misidentifications, and synonymies of parasites; and
on the hosts, sites within hosts, and validity of
previous records.

In the HOST-PARASITE LIST, within each
order or suborder, the families, genera, species, and
subspecies are listed alphabetically. Host synonyms
included are only those that were used in
establishing the Canadian parasite records. After
the name of each parasite species, its geographic
distribution in the host in question is given in
parentheses.

2

PARASITE-HOST LIST

SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA
PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA

CLASS SPOROZOEA
SUBCLASS COCCIDIA

ORDER EUCOCCIDIIDA
SUBORDER EIMERIINA

FAMILY EIMERIIDAE

Eimeria phocae Hsu, Melby and Altman, 1974
Site: unspecified
Host: Phoca vitulina concolor
Dist.: Atl

Record: McClelland 1980c

FAMILY SARCOCYSTIDAE

Sarcocystis sp.

Sites: skeletal muscles, myocardium
Host: Globicephala melaena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Cowan 1966

SUBKINGDOM EUMETAZOA
PHYLUM
PLATYHELMINTHES

CLASS TREMATODA
SUBCLASS DIGENEA

ORDER PARAMPHISTOMIFORMES

SUPERFAMILY NOTOCOTYLOIDEA
FAMILY NOTOCOTYLIDAE

Ogmogaster antarcticus Johnston, 1931

Syn.: Ogmogaster plicatus of Margolis and Pike

(1955), in part
Site: large intestine
Host: Balaenoptera borealis
Dist.: Pac

Record: Rausch and Fay 1966

Ogmogaster plicatus (Creplin, 1829)
Jagerskiold, 1891
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis (1,2)
Balaenoptera physalus (1,2)
Balaenoptera sp. (3)
Dist.: Pac

Records: 1. Margolis and Pike 1955; 2. Rausch
and Fay 1966; 3. Gibson and Harris 1979

ORDER ECHINOSTOMATIFORMES

SUPERFAMILY FASCIOLOIDEA
FAMILY CAMPULIDAE

Campula oblonga Cobbold, 1858
Site: bile ducts

Hosts: Phocoena phocoena (1,2)

Phocoenoides dalli (2)
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: 1. Smith and Threlfall 1973 (Atl); 2.

Previously unpublished (Pac)
Remarks: Smith and Threlfall (1973) did not

specify the site in which their specimens from

P. phocoena were found, but presumably it

was the bile ducts.

Hadwenius nipponicus Yamaguti, 1951
Site: stomach
Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Pac

Record: Previously unpublished

Hadwenius seymouri Price, 1932
Site: intestine

Host: Delphinapterus leucas
Dist.: W Arc

Record: Wazura et al. 1986

Lecithodesmus goliath (van Beneden, 1 858)
Odhner, 1905
Site: bile ducts
Host: Balaenoptera physalus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis and Pike 1955

Lecithodesmus spinosus Margolis and Pike, 1955
Site: bile ducts
Host: Balaenoptera borealis
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis and Pike 1955

Leucasiella arctica Delyamure and Kleinenberg, 1958
Site: rectum

Host: Delphinapterus leucas
Dist.: W Arc

Record: Wazura et al. 1986

Orthosplanchnus arcticus Odhner, 1905
Site: liver, bile ducts
Hosts: Globicephala melaena (2, 3)

Phoca hispida (1)
Dist.: Atl, W Arc

Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (W Arc); 2. Cowan

1966 (Atl); 3. 1967 (Atl)
Remarks: Cowan (1966) initially reported this

species simply as "trematode worms."

5

CLASS CESTOIDEA
SUBCLASS EUCESTODA

ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA
FAMILY DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE

Diphyllobothrium cordatum (Leuckart, 1863)
Gedoelst, 1911
Site: intestine
Host: Erignathus barbatus
Dist.: E Arc, W Arc

Records: Cooper 1921 (W Arc); Markowski
1952 (E Arc)

Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum (Krabbe, 1865)

Cooper, 1921
Syn.: Cordicephalus phocarus Wardle, McLeod

and Stewart, 1947, in part ("type 2" of

Wardle et al. 1947)
Site: intestine

Hosts: Erignathus barbatus (1,2,3)

Phoca groenlandica (2, 3)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, W Arc
Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (W Arc); 2. Wardle,

McLeod and Stewart 1947 (Atl); 3.

Markowski 1952 (E Arc)

Diphyllobothrium pacificum (Nybelin, 1931)
Margolis, 1956
Site: intestine
Host: Eumetopias jubatus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1956

Diphyllobothrium spp.
Site: intestine

Hosts: Erignathus barbatus (1,2)
Globicephala melaena (4)
Phoca groenlandica (2, 3)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, W Arc
Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (W Arc); 2. Lyster

1940 (E Arc); 3. Markowski 1952 (E Arc);

4. Cowan 1967 (Atl)
Remarks: Lyster (1940) suggested that his

specimens might belong to Diphyllobothrium

lanceolatum.

Diplogonoporus tetrapterus (von Siebold, 1848)
Ariola, 1896
Site: intestine
Host: Eumetopias jubatus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1956

Diplogonoporus sp.
Site: intestine

Hosts: Erignathus barbatus
Phoca groenlandica
Dist.: Atl

Record: Wardle et al. 1947

Remarks: Wardle et al. (1947) described a
diplogonadic cestode (their "type 1 "), which
they considered reminiscent of
Diplogonoporus fasciatus (Krabbe, 1865).
They included it in their new genus
Cordicephalus, as C. phocarus (Fabricius,
1780). However, Cordicephalus has not been
accepted as a valid genus, nor is fasciatus a
synonym of phocarus (see Stunkard 1948;
Markowski 1952). We here assign Wardle et
al.'s (1947) "type 1" diphyllobothriid to
Diplogonoporus.

Plicobothrium globicephalae Rausch and
Margolis, 1969
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Globicephala melaena (1)

Lagenorhynchus albirostris (2)
Dist.: Atl

Records: 1. Rausch and Margolis 1969; 2.
Previously unpublished

Pyramicocephalus phocarum (Fabricius, 1780)
Monticelli, 1890

Syn.: Bothriocephalus anthocephalus of
Baird(1853)

Site: intestine

Host: Erignathus barbatus

Dist.: Atl, E Arc, W Arc

Records: Baird 1853 (E Arc); Cooper 1921
(W Arc); Markowski 1952 (E Arc)

Remarks: Baird (1853) reported

B. anthocephalus. which Markowski (1952)
considered as a synonym of P. phocarum,
from Baffin Bay. Although the precise
locality was not indicated, we are including
this record here because of the possibility that
it pertains to Canadian waters.

ORDER TETRAPHYLLIDEA
FAMILY PHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE

Phyllobothrium delphini {Bosc, 1802)
van Beneden, 1870
Site: blubber

Hosts: Balaenoptera physalus (1,3)

Globicephala melaena (2)

Physeter catodon (1)
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: 1. Margolis and Pike 1955 (Pac); 2.
Sergeant 1962 (Atl); 3. Previously
unpublished (Atl)

6

Phyllobothrium sp.

Sites: abdominal subserosa, blubber
Host: Globicephala melaena
Dist.: Atl

Records: Cowan 1966, 1967

Remarks: The cestode plerocercoids reported by
Cowan (1966) were subsequently assigned by
him (Cowan 1967) to Phyllobothrium sp.

ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

FAMILY TETRABOTHRIIDAE

Anophryocephalus anophrys Baylis, 1922
Site: [intestine]
Host: Phoca groenlandica
Dist.: Atl

Record: Smith and Threlfall 1973

Anophryocephalus sp.

Syn.: Anophryocephala sp. of McClelland

(1980c)
Site: intestine

Host: Phoca vitulina concolor
Dist.: Atl

Record: McClelland 1980c

Trigonocotyle lintoni Guiart, 1935
Site: intestine

Host: Globicephala melaena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Cowan 1967

Remarks: In his Handbook of Tapeworm
Identification, Schmidt (1986) listed this
species as Trigonocotyle monticellii (Linton,
1923) Baer, 1932, with T. lintoni Guiart, 1935
as one of its synonyms. However, in accord-
ance with Article 52(b) of the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature (3rd
edition, 1985), "monticellii," as a junior
primary homonym, is a permanently invalid
name for this tapeworm. Contrary to the
views expressed by Baer (1954), who reviewed
the nomenclatural history of this species and
proposed for it yet another new specific name
(globicephalae), the next available name for
the cestode in question is "lintoni. " Guiart
(1935) explicitly applied this name as a
replacement for the homonym "monticellii, "
although unfortunately he proceeded to
describe under the name Trigonocotyle
lintoni a different species, which Baer (1954),
upon re-examination, considered to be
Tetrabothrius forsteri (Krefft, 1871).

UNIDENTIFIED CESTOIDEA

Cestoidea gen. spp.

Sites: intestine, stomach
Hosts: Balaenoptera borealis and/ or
Megaptera novaeangliae (1)

Erignathus barbatus (2)
Dist: E Arc, Pac

Records: 1. Cornwall 1928 (Pac); 2. Dunbar 1949
(E Arc)

PHYLUM
NEMATHELMINTHES

CLASS NEMATODA
SUBCLASS ADENOPHOREA

ORDER ENOPLIDA

SUPERFAMILY TRICHINELLOIDEA
FAMILY TRICHINELLIDAE

Trichinella spiralis (O^en, 1835) Raillient, 1895
Site: musculature
Hosts: Erignathus barbatus (2)
Odobenus rosmarus (1,2)

Dist: E Arc

Records: 1. Kuitunen-Ekbaum 1954; 2.
Mansfield (1963)

SUBCLASS SECERNENTEA
ORDER ASCARIDIDA

SUPERFAMILY ASCARIDOIDEA
FAMILY ANISAKIDAE

Anisakis physeteris Baylis, 1923
Site: stomach
Host: Physeter catodon
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: Margolis and Pike 1955 (Pac);
Previously unpublished (Atl)

Anisakis simplex {Kudol^^^ii, 1809) Baylis, 1920
Site: stomach

Hosts: Balaenoptera acutorostrata (12)

Balaenoptera borealis (1,2,3,10)

Balaenoptera physalus (12)

Berardius Bairdii (7)

Delphinapterus leucas (4,5,6,13)

Globicephala melaena (8)

Orcinus orca (9,10)

Phocoena phocoena (11)

Phocoenoides dalli (10)

Physeter catodon (7,12)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, Pac, W Arc
Records: 1. MueUer 1927a (Pac); 2. 1927b
(Pac); 3. Cornwall 1928 (Pac); 4. Lyster 1940
(Atl); 5. Vladykov 1944 (Atl); 5. Doan and
Douglas 1953 (E Arc); 7. Margolis and Pike
1955 (Pac); 8. Sergeant 1962 (Atl); 9. New-
man and McGeer 1966 (Pac); 10. Margolis
and Dailey 1972 (Pac); 11. Previously
unpublished (Pac); 12. Previously unpublished
(Atl); 13. Wazura et al. 1986 (W Arc)

7

Remarks: Davey (1971) attributed records of
A. simplex from O. orca, P. dalli, and
Megaptera novaeangliae to Margolis and
Pike (1955). However, the first records of
A. simplex from O. orca and P. dalli from
Canadian waters were reported by Margolis
and Dailey (1972). A confirmed record of
A. simplex from Megaptera novaeangliae in
Canadian waters is still not documented,
although Margolis and Pike (1955) reported
Anisakis sp. from this host.

Anisakis sp.

Site: gastrointestinal tract

Hosts: Balaenoptera physalus (2)
Delphinapterus leucas (1)
Globicephala melaena (5, 6)
Halichoerus grypus (4, 7)
Lagenorhynchus albirostris (3)
Megaptera novaeangliae (2)
Phoca groenlandica (8)
Phoca vitulina concolor (4,8)
Pseudorca crassidens (9)

Dist.: Atl, E Arc, Pac

Records: 1. Lyster 1940 (E Arc); 2. Margolis
and Pike 1955 (Pac); 3. Sergeant and Fisher
1957 (Atl); 4. Scott and Fisher 1958b (Atl); 5.
Cowan 1966 (Atl); 6. Cowan 1967 (Atl); 7.
Mansfield and Beck 1977 (Atl); 8.
McClelland 1980c, experimental and natural
(Atl); 9. Previously unpublished (Pac)

Remarks: The nematodes reported by Cowan
(1966) from the "true (peptic) stomach" of G.
melaena are included here because it appears
that he subsequently identified them as
Anisakis sp. (Cowan 1967). The unpublished
record from P. crassidens pertains to larval
worms.

Contracaecum osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802) Baylis,
1920

Syn.: Ascaris osculata Rudolphi, 1802 of Baird

(1853)
Site: stomach

Hosts: Erignathus barbatus (1,5)
Eumetopias jubatus (4)
Halichoerus grypus (9)
Phoca groenlandica (5, 6, 7)
Phoca hispida (2, 5)
Phoca vitulina concolor (2, 5)
Phoca vitulina richardsi (3, 4)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, Pac, W Arc
Records: 1. Baird 1853 (E Arc); 2. Lyster 1940
(Atl, E Arc); 3. Fisher 1952 (Pac); 4. Margolis
1956 (Pac); 5. Myers 1957a (E Arc, W Arc);
6. 1957b (Atl); 7. Smith and Threlfall 1973
(Atl); 8. McClelland 1980c (Atl); 9.
McClelland et al. 1987 (Atl)

Remarks: Lyster (1940) reported C osculatum
from P. hispida and P. vitulina from several
localities in the eastern Arctic and the
Atlantic regions, but the localities were not
segregated by host. We arbitrarily assigned all
records from P. hispida to the eastern Arctic
and the records from P. vitulina to both the
eastern Arctic and Atlantic regions. Ascaris
osculata of Baird (1853) was reported from
an unspecified locality in Baffin Bay. We are
including the record here because of the
possibility that it pertains to Canadian waters.

Contracaecum spp.

Syn.: Phocascaris sp. of Myers (1957a, b) and

of McClelland (1980c)
Sites: stomach, less commonly intestine
Hosts: Delphinapterus leucas (8)
Halichoerus grypus (3, 6)
Phoca groenlandica (2, 3, 4, 7)
Phoca hispida ( 1 )
Phoca vitulina concolor (3)
Phocoena phocoena (5)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, W Arc
Records: 1. Myers 1957a (E Arc); 2. 1957b
(Atl); 3. Scott and Fisher 1958b (Atl); 4.
Wilson and Stockdale 1970 (locality not
specified); 5. Smith and Threlfall 1973 (Atl);
6. Mansfield and Beck 1977 (Atl); 7.
McClelland 1980c (Atl); 8. Wazura et al. 1986
(W Arc)

Remarks: Phocascaris was declared a synonym
of Contracaecum by Soleim (1984). The
records of Myers (1957a, b) and McClelland
(1980c) were reported as Phocascaris sp.
Wilson and Stockdale (1970) did not specify
the locality of capture or captivity of the harp
seal they examined. Stockdale (pers. comm.
1985) advised that the seal was one of a group
obtained from eastern Canada and maintained
at the University of Guelph.

Phocascaris netsiki Lyster, 1940
Site: stomach
Hosts: Phoca hispida

Phoca vitulina concolor

"seal"
Dist.: E Arc
Record: Lyster 1940

Remarks: Soleim (1984) placed the genus

Phocascaris in synonymy with Contracaecum.
Although he mentioned P. cystophorae and
P. phocae (but not P. netsiki) as species in
Phocascaris, he did not formally establish
new combinations for these species in the
genus Contracaecum. Pending clarification of
the status of P. netsiki, we are retaining it in
Phocascaris. In the summary host-parasite list

8

in Lyster's (1940) paper, P. vitulina is
included as a host of P. netsiki, although this
species of seal is not mentioned as a host in
the text.

Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) Gibson
and Colin, 1982
Syn.: Porrocaecum decipiens {¥^x2ihbQ, 1878)
Baylis, 1920

Terranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878)
Mozgovoy, 1951

Phocanema decipiens (Krabbe, 1878)
Myers, 1959
Site: gastrointestinal tract
Hosts: Delphinapterus leucas (9)
Erignathus barbatus{\, 7)
Eumetopias jubatus (6)
Halichoerus grypus {2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23)
Phoca groenlandica (\, 8, 10, 11,

15, 18,21)
Phoca hispida (7)

Phoca vitulina concolor(\, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,21,22)
Phoca vitulina richardsi (3,6)
Phocoena phocoena (9)
"seals" (1)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, Pac

Records: 1. Lyster 1940 (Atl, E Arc); 2. Scott
1950 (Atl); 3. Fisher 1952 (Pac); 4. Scott
1953, experimental and natural (Atl); 5. 1955,
experimental (Atl); 6. Margolis 1956 (Pac); 7.
Myers 1957a (E Arc); 8. 1957b (Atl); 9. Scott
and Fisher 1958a (Atl); 10. 1958b (Atl); 11.
Myers 1960 (Atl); 12. Scott and Black 1960
(Atl); 13. Mansfield 1963 (Atl); 14. McClelland
and Ronald 1970 (Atl); 15. Ronald et al. 1970
(Atl); 16. McClelland and Ronald 1974 (Atl);
17. McClelland 1976, experimental (Atl); 18.
Mansfield and Beck 1977 (Atl); 19.
McClelland 1980a, experimental (Atl); 20.
1980b, experimental (Atl); 21. 1980c,
experimental and natural (Atl); 22. 1982 (Atl);
23. McClelland et al. 1987 (Atl)

Remarks: All records cited above were

reported under one or other of the synonyms
listed above. We accept Gibson and Colin's
(1982) and Gibson's (1983) arguments that the
valid generic name for this nematode is
Pseudoterranova.

Anisakinae gen. sp.

Site: gastrointestinal tract
Hosts: Halichoerus grypus
Phoca groenlandica
Phoca vitulina concolor

Dist.: Atl

Record: Montreuil and Ronald 1957
ORDER SPIRURIDA

SUPERFAMILY HABRONEMATOIDEA
FAMILY TETRAMERIDAE

Crassicauda boopis Baylis, 1920

Syn.: Crassicauda pacifica Margolis and Pike,

1955
Site: kidneys

Host: Balaenoptera physalus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis and Pike 1955

Remarks: Crassicauda boopis and C. pacifica
were originally described from posterior and
anterior regions, respectively, of these worms,
which are difficult to dissect from host tissues
in their entirety. Lambertsen (1985) obtained
a single whole specimen, which enabled him
to demonstrate that C. pacifica is a synonym
of C boopis.

Crassicauda sp.

Site: cavities within the blubber
Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Pac

Record: Previously unpublished
Remarks: This species is distinct from
C. boopis, found in certain larger baleen
whales. It is unquestionably identical with the
unnamed Crassicauda sp. reported by Dailey
and Stroud (1978) from the blubber,
mammary glands, and urogenital system of
P. phocoena stranded on the shores of
Oregon, U.S.A.

Placentonema gigantissima Gubanov, 1951
Site: placenta
Host: Physeter catodon
Dist.: Pac

Record: Previously unpublished

SUPERFAMILY FILARIOIDEA
FAMILY ONCHOCERCIDAE

Dipetalonema spirocauda (Leidy, 1858) Anderson,
1959
Site: aorta

Host: Phoca vitulina concolor
Dist.: Atl

Record: McClelland 1980c

ORDER STRONGYLIDA

SUPERFAMILY ANCYLOSTOMATOIDEA
FAMILY ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE

9

Uncinaria lucasi Stiles. 1901 (adults and larvae)
Sites: intestine (adults), blubber (larvae)
Host: Callorhinus ursinus
Dist.: Pac

Records: Bigg and Lyons 1981; Lyons and Bigg
1983

Remarks: These records represent infections
passed to pups born in captivity (in
Nanaimo, B.C.) through transmammary
transmission from naturally infected mothers
captured on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska.

SUPERFAMILY METASTRONGYLOIDEA
FAMILY FILAROIDIDAE

Filaroides (Parafilaroides) hispidus Kennedy, 1986
Site: lungs
Host: Phoca hispida
Dist.: W Arc
Record: Kennedy 1986

Filaroides (Parafilaroides) sp.

Syn.: Parafilaroides sp. of Margolis, 1956
Site: lungs

Host: Eumetopias jubatus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1956

FAMILY PSEUDALIIDAE

Halocercus invaginatus (Quekett, 1841) Dougherty,
1943

Syn.: Halocercus inflexicaudatus of Smith and

Threlfall(1973)
Site: lungs

Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: Smith and Threlfall 1973 (Atl);
Arnold and Gaskin 1975 (Atl, Pac)

Halocercus monoceris Webster, Neufeld and
MacNeil, 1973
Site: lungs

Host: Monodon monoceros
Dist.: E Arc

Records: Webster, Neufeld and MacNeil 1973;

MacNeil, Neufeld and Webster 1975
Remarks: This species was recovered from

narwhals captured in the eastern Arctic and

transported to the Vancouver aquarium,

where they died.

Halocercus taurica Delyamure, 1942
Site: lungs

Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Record: Arnold and Gaskin 1975

Halocercus sp.
Site: lungs

Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Smith and Threlfall 1973

Pharurus alatus (Leuckart, 1848) Stiles and Hassall,
1905
Site: lungs

Host: Monodon monoceros
Dist.: E Arc

Record: Arnold and Gaskin 1975

Pharurus pallasii (van Beneden, 1870) Arnold and
Gaskin, 1975

Syn.: Stenurus arcticus (Cobb, 1888)
Crassicauda sp. of Brodie (1971)

Sites: lungs, cranial sinuses, cerebral spinal
fluid, auditory canals

Host: Delphinapterus leucas

Dist.: Atl. E Arc, W Arc

Records: Doan and Douglas 1953 (E Arc);
Brodie 1971 (E Arc); Arnold and Gaskin
1975 (Atl, E Arc, W Arc); Kenyon and
Kenyon 1977 (E Arc); Martineau et al. 1985
(Atl); Wazura et al. 1986 (W Arc)

Pharurus sp.

Syn.: Pseudostenurus sp. of Smith and

Threlfall (1973)
Site: unspecified
Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Smith and Threlfall (1973)

Remarks: Anderson (1978) listed
Pseudostenurus Yamaguti, 1951 as a
synonym of Pharurus Leuckart, 1848. In
addition, Arnold and Gaskin (1975)
commented that "the occurrence of the genus
Pseudostenurus in harbor porpoise by Smith
and Threlfall (1973) ... needs confirm.ation."

Pseudalius inflexus (Rudolphi, 1808) Schneider,
1866
Site: lungs

Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Arnold and Gaskin 1975

Stenurus arctomarinus Delyamure and
Kleinenberg, 1958
Site: lungs

Host: Delphinapterus leucas

Dist.: E Arc, W Arc

Record: Arnold and Gaskin 1975

10

%

Stenurus globicephalae Baylis and Daubney, 1925
Sites: trachea, lungs, cranial sinuses
Hosts: Globicephala melaena (1, 2, 3)

Grampus griseus (3)
Dist.: Atl

Records: 1. Cowan 1966; 2. 1967; 3 Arnold and
Gaskin 1975

Stenurus minor (Kuhn, 1829) Baylis and Daubney,
1925
Site: lungs

Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Arnold and Gaskin 1975

Torynurus convolutus (Kuhn, 1829) Baylis and
Daubney, 1925
Sites: respiratory system, esophagus, cranial
sinuses

Hosts: Globicephala melaena (1)
Phocoena phocoena (2, 3)
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: 1. Sergeant 1962 (Atl); 2. Arnold and
Gaskin 1975 (Atl, Pac); 3. Gibson and Harris
1979 (Atl)

Torynurus <ifl/// (Yamaguti, 1951) Delyamure, 1972
Syn.: Irukanema dalli Yamaguti, 1951 of Smith

and ThrelfaU(1973)
Site: unspecified
Host: Phocoena phocoena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Smith and Threlfall 1973

Remarks: Arnold and Gaskin (1975) suggested
that the specimens reported as Irukanema
dalli by Smith and Threlfall (1973) may
actually be Torynurus convolutus.

UNIDENTIFIED NEMATODA

Nematoda gen. sp.
Site: unspecified
Host: Erignathus barbatus
Dist.: E Arc
Record: Dunbar 1949

PHYLUM
ACANTHOCEPHALA

CLASS

PALAEACANTHOCEPHALA

ORDER POLYMORPHIDA

FAMILY POLYMORPHIDAE

Bolbosoma capitatum (von Linstow, 1880) Porta,
1908
Site: intestine

Host: Globicephala melaena
Dist.: Atl

Record: Cowan 1967

Bolbosoma turbinella (Diesing, 1851) Porta, 1908
Site: small intestine
Host: Balaenoptera borealis
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis and Pike 1955

Bolbosoma sp.
Site: intestine

Host: Balaenoptera physalus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Previously unpublished

Corynosoma cameroni Van Cleave, 1953
Site: intestine

Host: Delphinapterus leucas
Dist.: Atl

Records: Van Cleave 1953a; 1953b

Corynosoma magdaleni Montreuil, 1958
Site: intestine
Host: Halichoerus grypus
Dist.: Atl

Record: Montreuil 1958

Corynosoma reductum (von Linstow, 1905) Railliet
and Henry, 1907
Site: intestine
Host: Phoca hispida
Dist.: E Arc

Record: Van Cleave 1953b

Corynosoma strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) LUhe,
1904

Syn.: Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904) of

Fisher (1952)
Sites: small intestine, stomach
Hosts: Delphinapterus leucas (1,2)
Erignathus barbatus (1)
Phoca hispida (1)
Phoca vitulina richardsi (3, 4)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, Pac
Records: 1. Lyster 1940 (Atl, E Arc); 2.
Vladykov 1944 (Atl); 3. Fisher 1952 (Pac); 4.
Margolis 1956 (Pac)
Remarks: Margolis (1956) noted that
C. semerme of Fisher (1952) is probably
referable to C. strumosum.

Corynosoma validum Van Cleave, 1953

Syn.: Corynosoma semerme of Lyster (1940)
Site: small intestine
Host: Erignathus barbatus
Dist.: E Arc

Records: Lyster 1940; Van Cleave 1953b
Remarks: According to Van Cleave (1953b),

C. semerme of Lyster (1940) is referable to

C validum.

11

Corynosoma villosum Van Cleave, 1953
Site: intestine
Host: Eumetopias jubatus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1956

Corynosoma wegeneri Heinze, 1934

Syn.: Corynosoma hadweni Y an Cleave, 1953
Site: intestine
Host: Phoca hispida
Dist.: E Arc

Record: Van Cleave 1953b
Remarks: Margolis (1955) noted that

C hadweni is a probable synonym of

C wegeneri.

Corynosoma spp.
Site: intestine

Hosts: Phoca vitulina concolor(\)

Phocoena phocoena (2)
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: 1. McClelland 1980c (Atl); 2.
Previously unpublished (Pac)

Remarks: A single, immature female specimen
found by one of us (L.M.) in Phocoena
phocoena from the Pacific coast appears to
be referable to C. similis Neiland, 1962, but a
definite allocation to this species is reserved
until further material is obtained.

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

CLASS CRUSTACEA
SUBCLASS ENTOMOSTRACA

ORDER COPEPODA
SUBORDER SIPHONOSTOMATOIDA

FAMILY PENNELLIDAE

Pennella balaenopterae Koren and Danielssen, 1877
Site: head embedded in blubber, trunk external
Host: Balaenoptera physalus
Dist.: Pac

Records: Cornwall 1927; 1928; 1955

SUBCLASS MALACOSTRACA

ORDER AMPHIPODA

FAMILY CYAMIDAE

Cyamus balaenopterae Barnard, 1932
Site: body surface
Host: Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1959

Cyamus boopis Liitken, 1870

Syn.: Paracyamus boopis (Luiken, 1870)

Sars, 1895
Site: body surface
Hosts: Balaenoptera physalus (5)

Megaptera novaeangliae (1, 2, 3, 4)
Dist.: Atl, Pac

Records: 1. Cornwall 1928 (Pac); 2. Margolis
1954 (Pac); 3. Leung 1965 (Pac); 4. Brunei
1970 (Atl); 5. Previously unpublished (Atl)

Remarks: The record of C. boopis from

B. physalus appears to be the first from the
fin whale.

Cyamus catodontis Margolis, 1954
Site: body surface
Host: Physeter catodon
Dist.: Pac

Records: Margolis 1954; Leung 1965

Cvflmw5 mz (Linnaeus, 1758) Lamarck, 1801
Site: not specified

Host: not specified [probably Baelana

mysticetus]
Dist.: E Arc

Record: Lincoln and Hurley 1974

Remarks: The locality for this record indicated
by Lincoln and Hurley (1974) is Baffin Bay.
Although the specific locality could be either
in Greenland or in Canada, it is included
here. The host was not specified but it was
probably B. mysticetus, the usual host for
this cyamid.

Cyamus erraticus Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834
Site: body surface
Host: Balaena glacialis
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1955

Cyamus mondontis Lutken, 1870
Site: [body surface]
Host: Monodon monoceros
Dist.: E Arc

Records: Leung 1965; Lincoln and Hurley 1974

Cyamus nodosus Liitken, 1860
Site: [body surface]
Host: unspecified
Dist.: E Arc

Record: Lincoln and Hurley 1974

Remarks: Although Lincoln and Hurley (1974)
did not specify the host, the usual host for
this cyamid is Monodon monoceros.

Cyamus ovalis Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834
Site: [body surface]
Host: Balaena glacialis
Dist.: Pac (?)

Record: Berzin and Vlasova 1982
Remarks: Berzin and Vlasova (1982) listed

C. ovalis from Eubaelena glacialis japonica
from Canada in their Table 3.

12

Cyamus scammoni Dall, 1 872
Site: body surface
Host: Eschrichtius robustus
Dist.: Pac

Records: Margolis 1954; 1955; Cornwall 1955

Cyamus sp.

Site: [base of teeth]
Host: Berardius bairdii
Dist.: Pac

Record: Leung 1965

Remarks: Based on personal observations by
one of us (L.M.), this species appears to be
distinct from other species of Cyamus,
although it is close to C. catodontis.

Isocyamus t/e/p/iw/ (Guerin-Meneville, 1836)
Gervais and van Beneden, 1859
Site: body surface
Host: Globicephala melaena
Dist.: Atl

Records: Sergeant 1962; Cowan 1966

Neocyamus physeteris (Pouchet, 1888)
Margolis, 1955
Site: body surface
Host: Physeter catodon
Dist.: Pac

Record: Margolis 1959

Plat y cyamus sp.

Site: body surface
Host: Berardius bairdii
Dist.: Pac

Record: Leung 1965

CLASS INSECTA
SUBCLASS PTERYGOTA

ORDER ANOPLURA
FAMILY ECHINOPHTHIRIIDAE

Antarctophthirus microchir (Trouessart and
Neumann, 1888) Enderlein, 1906
Site: body surface
Host: Eumetopias jubatus
Dist.: Pac

Records: Margolis 1956; Spencer 1966

Antarctophthirus mc/z^c/z/ (Bohemann, 1865)
Enderlein, 1909
Site: body surface
Host: Odobenus rosmarus
Dist.: E Arc
Record: Spencer 1966

Echinophthirius horridus (Olfers, 1816)
Fahrenholz, 1919
Syn.: Echinophthiriidae gen. sp. of

Fisher (1952)
Site: body surface
Hosts: Phoca groenlandica (4)
Phoca hispida (2, 3)
Phoca vitulia concolor (3, 5)
Phoca vitulina richardsi (1,3)
Dist.: Atl, E Arc, Pac

Records: 1. Fisher 1952 (Pac); 2. Myers 1959
(E Arc); 3. Spencer 1966 (Atl, E Arc, Pac);
4. Ronald et al. 1970 (Atl); 5. McClelland
1980c (Atl)

CLASS ARACHNOIDEA

ORDER ACARINA

FAMILY HALARACHNIDAE

Halarachne sp.

Site: nasopharynx, nasal cavity
Host: Phoca vitulina richardsi
Dist.: Pac

Records: Fisher 1952; Margolis 1956

Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910)
Newell, 1947
Site: nasal sinuses
Host: Callorhinus ur sinus
Dist.: Pac

Record: Previously unpublished

Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944)
Newell, 1947
Sites: lungs, bronchioles
Hosts: Callorhinus ursinus (2)
Eumetopias jubatus (1)
Dist.: Pac

Records: 1. Margolis 1956; 2. Previously
unpublished

13

HOST-PARASITE LIST

CLASS MAMMALIA

ORDER CETACEA
SUBORDER ODONTOCETI

FAMILY DELPHINIDAE

Globicephala melaena (Traill, 1809)

- long-finned pilot whale
PROTOZOA (Apicomplexa):

Sarcocystis sp. (Atl)
TREMATODA:

Orthosplanchnus arcticus (Atl)
CESTOIDEA:

Diphyllobothrium sp. (Atl)

Phyllobothrium delphini (Atl)

Phyllobothrium sp. (Atl)

Plicobothrium globicephalae (Atl)

Trigonocotyle lintoni (Atl)
NEMATODA:

Anisakis simplex (Atl)

Anisakis sp. (Atl)

Stenurus globicephalae (Atl)

Torynurus convolutus (Atl)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Bolbosoma capitatum (Atl)
AMPHIPODA:

Isocyamus delphini (Atl)

Grampus griseus {G. Cuvier, 1812)

- Risso's dolphin
NEMATODA:

Stenurus globicephalae (Atl)

Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gray, 1 846

- white-beaked dolphin
CESTOIDEA:

Plicobothrium globicephalae (Atl)
NEMATODA:
Anisakis sp. (Atl)

Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) - killer whale
NEMATODA:
Anisakis simplex (Pac)

Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1 846)
- false killer whale
NEMATODA:
Anisakis sp. (Pac)

FAMILY MONODONTIDAE

Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776) - white whale
TREMATODA:
Hadwenius seymouri (W Arc)
Leucasiella arctica (W Arc)
NEMATODA:
Anisakis simplex (Atl, E Arc, W Arc)

Anisakis sp. (E Arc)
Contracaecum sp. (W Arc)
Pharurus pallasii (Atl, E Arc, W Arc)
Pseudoterranova decipiens (Atl)
Stenurus arctomarinus (E Arc, W Arc)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:
Corynosoma cameroni (Atl)
Corynosoma strumosum (Atl)

Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758 - narwhal
NEMATODA:

Halocercus monoceris (E Arc)

Pharurus alatus (E Arc)
AMPHIPODA:

Cyamus monodontis (E Arc)

Cyamus nodosus (?) (E Arc)

FAMILY PHOCOENIDAE

Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758)
- harbor porpoise
TREMATODA:

Campula oblonga (Atl, Pac)

Hadwenius nipponicus (Pac)
NEMATODA:

Anisakis simplex (Pac)

Contracaecum sp. (Atl)

Crassicauda sp. (Pac)

Halocercus invaginatus (Atl, Pac)

Halocercus taurica (Atl, Pac)

Halocercus sp. (Atl)

Pharurus sp. (Atl)

Pseudalius inflexus (Atl)

Pseudoterranova decipiens (Atl)

Stenurus minor (Atl)

Torynurus convolutus (Atl, Pac)

Torynurus dalli (Atl)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Corynosoma sp. (?C. similis) (Pac)

Phocoenoides dalli (True, 1885) - Dall's porpoise
TREMATODA:

Campula oblonga (Pac)
NEMATODA:
Anisakis simplex (Pac)

FAMILY PHYSETERIDAE

Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758 - sperm whale

Syn.: Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758

CESTOIDEA:
Phyllobothrium delphini (Pac)

NEMATODA:
Anisakis physeteris (Atl, Pac)
Anisakis simplex (Atl, Pac)
Placentonema gigantissima (Pac)

17

AMPHIPODA:

Cyamus catodontis (Pac)
Neocyamus physeteris (Pac)

FAMILY ZIPHIIDAE

Berardius bairdii Stejneger, 1883

- North Pacific bottle-nosed whale
NEMATODA:

Anisakis simplex (Pac)
AMPHIPODA
Cyamus sp. (Pac)
Plat y cyamus sp. (Pac)

SUBORDER MYSTICETI

FAMILY BALAENIDAE

Balaena glacialis Miiller, 1776 - black right whale
Syn.: Eubalena glacialis japonica
(Lace'pede, 1818)
AMPHIPODA:
Cyamus erraticus (Pac)
Cyamus ovalis (Pac)

? Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758

- bowhead whale
AMPHIPODA:

Cyamus ceti (E Arc)

FAMILY BALAENOPTERIDAE

Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede, 1804

- minke whale
NEMATODA:

Anisakis simplex (Atl)
AMPHIPODA:
Cyamus balaenopterae (Pac)

Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828 - sei whale
TREMATODA:

Lecithodesmus spinosus (Pac)

Ogmogaster antarcticus (Pac)

Ogmogaster plicatus (Pac)
CESTOIDEA:

Cestoidea gen. sp. (Pac)
NEMATODA:

Anisakis simplex (Pac)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Bolbosoma turbinella (Pac)

Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus, 1758) - fin whale

Syn.: Balaenoptera velifera Cope, 1869
TREMATODA:

Lecithodesmus goliath (Pac)

Ogmogaster plicatus (Pac)
CESTOIDEA:

Phyllobothrium delphini (Atl, Pac)

NEMATODA:

Anisakis simplex (Atl)

Anisakis sp. (Pac)

Crassicauda boopis (Pac)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Bolbosoma sp. (Pac)
COPEPODA:

Pennella balaenopterae (Pac)
AMPHIPODA:

Cyamus boopis (Atl)

Balaenoptera sp.
TREMATODA:

Ogmogaster plicatus (Pac)

Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)

- humpback whale

Syn.: Megaptera versabilis Cope, 1869

Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre, 1789)
CESTOIDEA:

Cestoidea gen. sp. (Pac)
NEMATODA:

Anisakis sp. (Pac)
AMPHIPODA:

Cyamus boopis (Atl, Pac)

FAMILY ESCHRICHTIDAE

Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg, 1861) - gray whale
Syn.: Rachianectes glaucus Cope, 1868
Eschrichtius glaucus (Cope, 1868)
Eschrichtius gibbosus (Erxleben, 1777)
AMPHIPODA:
Cyamus scammoni (Pac)

ORDER CARNIVORA
FAMILY ODOBENIDAE

Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758) - walrus
NEMATODA:

Trichinella spiralis (E Arc)
ANOPLURA:
Antarctophthirus trichechi (E Arc)

FAMILY OTARIIDAE

Callorhinus ursinus (Linnaeus, 1758)

- northern fur seal
NEMATODA:

Uncinaria lucasi (Pac)
ACARINA:
Orthohalarachne attenuata (Pac)
Orthohalarachne diminuata (Pac)

Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)

- northern sea lion
CESTOIDEA:

Diphyllobothrium pacificum (Pac)
Diplogonoporus tetrapterus (Pac)

18

NEMATODA:

Contracaecum osculatum (Pac)

Parafilaroides sp. (Pac)

Pseudoterranova decipiens (Pac)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Corynosoma villosum (Pac)
ACARINA:

Orthohalarachne diminuata (Pac)
ANOPLURA:

Antarctophthirus microchir (Pac)

FAMILY PHOCIDAE

Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777) - bearded seal
Syn.: Phoca barbata Erxleben, 1777
CESTOIDEA:
Cestoidea gen. sp. (E Arc)
Diphyllobothrium cordatum (E Arc, W Arc)
Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum (Atl, E Arc,
W Arc)

Diphyllobothrium sp. (E Arc, W Arc)

Diplogonoporus sp. (Atl)

Pyramicocephalus phocarum (E Arc, W Arc)
NEMATODA:

Contracaecum osculatum (E Arc, W Arc)

Nematoda gen. sp. (E Arc)

Pseudoterranova decipiens (E Arc)

Trichinella spiralis (E Arc)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Corynosoma strumosum (E Arc)

Corynosoma validum (E Arc)

Halichoerus grypus (Fabricius, 1791) - gray seal
NEMATODA:
Anisakinae gen. sp. (Atl)
Anisakis sp. (Atl)
Contracaecum osculatum (Atl)
Contracaecum sp. (Atl)
Pseudoterranova decipiens (Atl)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:
Corynosorria magdaleni (Atl)

Phoca groenlandica Erxleben, 1 777 - harp seal

Syn.: Pagophilus groenlandicus
(Erxleben, 1777)
CESTOIDEA:

Anophryocephalus anophrys (Atl)

Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum (Atl, E Arc)

Diphyllobothrium sp. (E Arc)

Diplogonoporus sp. (Atl)
NEMATODA:

Anisakinae gen. sp. (Atl)

Anisakis sp. (Atl)

Contracaecum osculatum (Atl, E Arc)
Contracaecum sp. (Atl)
Pseudoterranova decipiens (Atl, E Arc)
ANOPLURA:
Echinophthirius horridus (Atl)

Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775 - ringed seal

Syn.: Pusa hispida {Schrebev, 1775)
TREMATODA:

Orthosplanchnus arcticus (W Arc)
NEMATODA:

Contracaecum osculatum (E Arc, W Arc)

Contracaecum sp. (E Arc)

Filaroides (Parafilaroides) hispidus (W Arc)

Phocascaris netsiki (E Arc)

Pseudoterranova decipiens (E Arc)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Corynosoma reductum (E Arc)

Corynosoma strumosum (E Arc)

Corynosoma wegeneri (E Arc)
ANOPLURA:

Echinophthirius horridus (E Arc)

Phoca vitulina concolor De Kay, 1842 - harbor seal
PROTOZOA (Apicomplexa):

Eimeria phocae (Atl)
CESTOIDEA:

Anophryocephalus sp. (Atl)
NEMATODA:

Anisakinae gen. sp. (Atl)

Anisakis sp. (Atl)

Contracaecum osculatum (Atl, E Arc)

Contracaecum sp. (Atl)

Dipetalonema spirocauda (Atl)

Phocascaris netsiki (E Arc)

Pseudoterranova decipiens (Atl, E Arc)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Corynosoma sp. (Atl)
ANOPLURA:

Echinophthirius horridus (Atl)

Phoca vitulina richardsi (Gray, 1864) - harbor seal
NEMATODA:

Contracaecum osculatum (Pac)

Pseudoterranova decipiens (Pac)
ACANTHOCEPHALA:

Corynosoma strumosum (Pac)
ANOPLURA:

Echinophthirius horridus (Pac)
ACARINA:

Halarachne sp. (Pac)

Records for pinnipeds of undetermined species
"seal"

NEMATODA:
Phocascaris netsiki (E Arc)
"seals"

NEMATODA:
Pseudoterranova decipiens (Atl, E Arc)

19

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21

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22

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23

INDEX

Acanthocephala
Acarina
Adenophorea
Amphipoda
Ancylostomatidae
Ancylostomatoidea
Anisakidae
Anisakinae gen. sp.
Anisakis physeteris
Anisakis simplex
Anisakis sp.
Anophryocephala sp.

see Anophryocephalus sp.
Anophryocephalus anophrys
Anophryocephalus sp.
Anoplura

Antarctophthirus microchir

Antarctophthirus trichechi

Apicomplexa

Arachnoidea

Arthropoda

Ascaridida

Ascaridoidea

Ascaris osculata

see Contracaecum osculatum

Bolbosoma capitatum
Bolbosoma turbinella
Bolbosoma sp.

Bothriocephalus anthocephalus
see Pyramicocephalus phocarum

Campula oblonga
Campulidae
Cestoidea
Cestoidea gen. sp.
Coccidia

Contracaecum osculatum
Contracaecum spp.
Copepoda

Cordicephalus phocarus

see Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum and

Diplogonoporus sp.
Corynosoma cameroni
Corynosoma hadweni

see Corynosoma wegeneri
Corynosoma magdaleni
Corynosoma reductum
Corynosoma semerme

see Corynosoma strumosum and

Corynosoma validum
Corynosoma (?) similis
Corynosoma strumosum

Parasites

Page Page

1 1 Corynosoma validum 1 1
13 Corynosoma villosum 12

7 Corynosoma wegeneri 12

12 Corynosoma spp. 12
9 Crassicauda boopis 9
9 Crassicauda pacifica

7 see Crassicauda boopis

9 Crassicauda sp. 9
7 see also Pharurus pallasii

7 Crustacea 12

8 Cyamidae 12
Cyamus balaenopterae 12
Cyamus boopis 12

7 Cyamus catodontis 12

7 Cyamus ceti 12

13 Cyamus erraticus 12
13 Cyamus monodontis 12
13 Cyamus nodosus 12

5 Cyamus ovalis 12

13 Cyamus scammoni 13

12 Cyamus sp. 13

7 Cyclophyllidea 7

7

Digenea 5

Dipetalonema spirocauda 9

Diphyllobothriidae 6

jj Diphyllobothrium cordatum 6

J J Diphyllobothrium lanceolatum 6

2 J Diphyllobothrium pacificum 6

Diphyllobothrium spp. 6

Diplogonoporus tetrapterus 6

Diplogonoporus sp. 6

^ Echinophthiriidae 13
Echinophthiriidae gen. sp.

^ see Echinophthirius horridus

Echinophthirius horridus 13

Echinostomatiformes 5

Eimeria phocae 5

Eimeriidae 5

12

Eimeriina 5

Enoplida 7

Entomostraca 12

Eucoccidiida 5

Eucestoda 6

Fascioloidea 5

11 Filarioidea 9

1 1 Filaroididae 10

Filar oides (Parajilaroides) hispidus 10

Filar oides (Parafilar oides) sp. 10

1,12 Habronematoidea 9

11 Hadwenius nipponicus 5

24

Page

Hadwenius seymouri

5

Halarachne sp.

13

Halarachnidae

13

Halocercus injlexicaudatus

see Halocercus invaginatus

Halocercus invaginatus

10

IXUHJiyi^r CM3 ffllJflL/L'Cl *i3

10

IJUlt/Lci CUo lUUt ll,U

10

Halocercus sp.

10

Insecta

13

Irukanema dalli

see Torynurus dalli

Isocyamus delphini

13

5

Lecithodesmus spinosus

5

Leucasiella arctica

5

12

Nletastrongyloidea

10

Nemathelminthes

7

Nematoda

7

Nematoda gen. sp.

11

Mpncvavnu^ nhv^ptpri^

13

Notocotylidae

5

5

Ogmogaster antarcticus

5

Ogmogaster plicatus

5

Onchocercidae

9

Orthohalarachne attenuata

13

Orthohalarachne diminuata

13

Orthosplanchnus arcticus

5

Palaeacanthocephala

11

Paracyamus boopis

see Cyamus boopis

Parqfilaroides sp.

see Filaroides (Parqfilaroides) sp.

Paramphistomiformes

5

Pennella balaenopterae

12

Pennellidae

12

Pharurus alatus

10

Pharurus pallasii

10

Pharurus sp.

10

Phocanema decipiens

see Pseudoterranova decipiens

Phocascaris netsiki

8

Phocascaris sp.

see Contracaecum spp.

Page

Phyllobothriidae 6

Phyllobothrium delphini 6

Phyllobothrium sp. 7

Placentonema gigantissima 9

Platy cy amus sp. 13

Platyhelminthes 5

Plicobothrium globicephalae 6

Polymorphidae 1 1

Polymorphida 1 1
Porrocaecum decipiens

see Pseudoterranova decipiens

Protozoa 5

Pseudaliidae 10

Pseudalius inflexus 10

Pseudophyllidea 6
Pseudostenurus sp.

see Pharurus sp.

Pseudoterranova decipiens 9

Pterygota 13

Pyramicocephalus phocarum 6

Sarcocystidae 5

Sarcocystis sp. 5

Secernentea 7

Siphonostomatoida 12

Spirurida 9

Sporozoea 5
Stenurus arcticus

see Pharurus pallasii

Stenurus arctomarinus 10

Stenurus globicephalae 1 1

Stenurus minor 1 1

Strongylida 9

Terranova decipiens

see Pseudoterranova decipiens

Tetrabothriidae 7

Tetrameridae 9

Tetraphyllidea 6

Torynurus convolutus 1 1

Torynurus dalli 1 1

Trematoda 5

Trichinella spiralis 7

Trichinellidae 7

Trichinelloidea 7

Trigonocotyle lintoni 7

Uncinaria lucasi 10

25

INDEX

Hosts

Page

Balaena glacialis

18

?Balaena mysticetus

18

Balaenidae

18

Balaenoptera acutorostrata

1 o

18

Rnl/iPfiontprn hnrpali^

18

Balaenoptera physalus

18

Balaenoptera velifera

see Balaenoptera physalus

Balaenoptera sp.

18

Balaenopteridae

18

Berardius bairdii

18

Callorhinus ursinus

18

Carnivora

18

Cetacea

17

Delphinapterus leucas

17

Delphinidae

17

Erignathus barbatus

19

Eschrichtidae

18

Eschrichtius gibbosus

see Eschrichtius robustus

Eschrichtius glaucus

see Eschrichtius robustus

Eschrichtius robustus

18

Eubalaena glacialis japonica

see Balaena glacialis

Eumetopias jubatus

18

Globicephala melaena

17

Grampus griseus

17

Halichoerus grypus

19

Lagenorhynchus albirostris

17

Megaptera nodosa

see Megaptera novaeangliae

Page

Megaptera novaeangliae

18

Megaptera versabilis

see Megaptera novaeangliae

Monodon monoceros

17

Monodontidae

17

Mysticeti

18

Odobenidae

18

Odobenus rosmarus

18

Odontoceti

17

Orcinus orca

17

Otariidae

18

; J-

Pagophilus groenlandicus

see Phoca groenlandica

Phoca barbata

see Erignathus barbatus

Phoca groenlandica

IV

IflULU riijpflLlU

10

Phoca vitulina concolor

IV

rnuLU vii uiinu ricnuruji

IV

Phocidae

Iv

jrlUtUcrlU jJrlUtUt:riU

17
1 /

Phocoenidae

17

Phocoenoides dalli

17

Physeter catodon

17

Physeter macrocephalus

see Physeter catodon

Physeteridae

17

17

Pusa hispida

see Phoca hispida

Rachianectes glaucus

see Eschrichtius robustus

Unidentified seals

19

Ziphiidae

18

26