Synopsis of the parasites of vertebrates of Canada : cestodes of waterfowl (Anseriformes)

Synopsis of the

Parasites of

Vertebrates

of Canada

Edited by Murray J. Kennedy

Cestodes
of Waterfowl
(Anseriformes)

J. Daniel McLaughlin

/dlbsna

• AGRICULTURE
Animal Health Division

Other titles in this series

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada

— Helminths and Protozoa of Terrestrial Mammals

Murray J. Kennedy, 1 986, 90 p. $5.00

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vertebrates of Canada

— Ectoparasites of Terrestrial Mammals

Murray J. Kennedy and Robert A. Newman, 1986, 109 p. $5.00

Synopsis of the Digenea of Mammals of North America
Murray J. Kennedy, 1988, 83 p. $5.00

Synopsis of the Parasites of Domesticated Mammals of Canada
Murray J. Kennedy, 1988, 53 p. $5.00

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada

— Parasites of Marine Mammals

Leo Margolis and Hisao P. Aral, 1989, 26 p. $5.00

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada

— Ectoparasites of Birds

Terry A. Wheeler and William Threlfall, 1 989, 93 p. $5.00

Synopsis of the Parasites of Vetebrates of Canada

— Haemoprotozoans of Birds

G. F. Bennett, C. B. Woodworth-Lynas and M. A. Bishop, 1989 47 p. $5.00

Copies of these publications are available from the

Queen's Printer, 11510 Kingsway Avenue, Edmonton T5G 2Y2

Orders for these publications must be accompanied by a cheque that is payable to

The Provincial Treasurer

1990 03 1M

Synopsis of the

Parasites off
Vertebrates
off Canada

Edited by Murray J. Kennedy^

Cestodes
of Waterfowl
(Anseriformes)

J. Daniel McLaughlin2

Alberta Agriculture
Veterinary Laboratory
6909 -116 Street
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada T6H 4P2

2 Department of Biology
Concordia University
1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H3G 1M8

AxxK\

AGRICULTURE
Animal Health Division

Abstract

This synopsis contains Parasite-Host and Host-Parasite lists of 76 species of cestodes from 30 species of wild
waterfowl (Anseriformes) from Canada. Records from natural and experimental infections in domestic waterfowl and
from experimental infections in wild species are also included.

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2015

https://archive.org/details/synopsisofparasiOOmcla

Introduction

This synopsis includes records published in the
primary literature up to December 1988. No attempt
has been made to extract records from unpublished
theses or from federal or provincial government
reports. Additional records therefore likely exist.

The taxonomic arrangement of the cestodes
listed in this synopsis generally follows that of
Schmidt (1986) although the genera
Tschertkovilepis, Wardium and Wardoides
(Hymenolepididae) have been retained.

Host nomenclature (scientific and common)
conforms to that in the 1983 A.O.U. checklist
(Checklist of North American Birds: the species of
birds of North America from the Arctic through
Panama, including the West Indies and Hawaiian
Islands. American Ornithologists Union
Washington D.C.).

In keeping with the format of previous issues of
the Synopsis the following information is provided
for each parasite species listed:

1) The current scientific name, including
author(s) and date(s), followed by any recognized
synonyms that may have been used in establishing
the Canadian record(s). No attempt has been made
to evaluate systematically the validity of published
records, but attention has been drawn to obvious
errors.

2) The site of occurrance of the parasite in its
host(s). When the site was not given in the original
reference it was determined from other records.

3) The hosts. Only currently accepted scientific
names are used. Numbers in parentheses after each
host name correspond to the numbers assigned to
the references establishing the particular parasite
host records.

NB (New Brunswick), Nfld (Newfoundland and
Labrador), NS (Nova Scotia), NWT (Northwest
Territories), Ont (Ontario), PEI (Prince Edward
Island), Que (Quebec), Sask (Saskatchewan) and
YT (Yukon Territory).

5) Authors responsible for records are listed in
chronological order of published records. To enable
the reader to grasp at a glance the author(s)
responsible for particular parasite-host-locality
records, references listed under "Records" have
been numbered and the corresponding number
placed after the host name. Each reference is
followed by the locality or localities from which the
parasite(s) was (were) reported. When only one
host is listed for a particular parasite the references
are not numbered and, when all records are from
the same locality the latter is not listed after the
Author's names.

6) Under remarks, explanatory comments as
required are offered on systematics, nomenclature,
synonyms of parasites, sites within hosts and
whether immature or gravid specimens were
recovered in experimental life cycle studies.

In the Host-Parasite List, only currently valid
names are used. Host synonyms are included only
when used in establishing Canada records.

Subfamilies, tribes, genera and species have
been listed alphabetically. Sections on domestic
ducks and geese have been included. The
geographic distribution is given in parentheses after
the name of each parasite species.

To facilitate access to information in the
parasite-host and host-parasite lists, the synopsis
concludes with an INDEX to parasite and host
scientific names.

4) Distribution (Dist.) Species distribution is
indicated by Provincial or Territorial boundaries
listed in alphabetical order as follows: Alta
(Alberta), BC (British Columbia), Man (Manitoba),

1

2

PARASITE-HOST LIST

ORDER PSEUDOPHYLLIDEA
FAMILY DIPHYLLOBOTHRIIDAE

Schistocephalus solidus (Mueller, 1776)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Lophodytes cucullatus (2)

Mergus merganser ( 1 )
Dist: BC, Ont

Records: 1. Wardle 1933 (BC); 2. Bain and
Threlfall 1977 (Ont)

Ligula intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos (3)
Mergus merganser ( 1 ,2)
Dist: BC, Man, Que

Records: 1. Wardle 1933 (BC); 2. Mahon
1956 (Que); 3. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man)

ORDER APORIDEA

FAMILY NEMATOPARATAENIIDAE

Gastrotaenia cygni Wolffhiigel, 1938
Site: gizzard, under lining
Hosts: Anas acuta (2,3)

A. americana (3)

A. clypeata (3)

A. crecca (3)

A. discors (3)

A. platyrhynchos (2,3)

A. strepera (3)

Aythya ajfinis (3)

A. americana (3)

A. valisineria (1,3)

Bucephala albeola (3)
Dist: Man

Records: 1. Comwell and Cowan 1963;
2. Crichton and Welch 1972; 3. McLaughlin
and McGurk 1987

ORDER CYCLOPHYLLIDEA

FAMILY HYMENOLEPIDIDAE
SUBFAMILY FIMBRIARIINAE

Fimbriariafasciolaris (Pallas, 1781)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Aix sponsa (12)

Anas acuta 0,1 MM)

A. clypeata (3)

A. crecca { \ 1,12)

A. discors {AM M)

A. platyrhynchos (6*,7,1 1)

A.rubripesi^MM)

A. strepera (3,6*)

Anatidae (5,14)

Domestic ducks (5*)

AythyaajTmis{5*,6^,9M)

A. americana (6*)

A.collarisMM)

A.marila{\\M)

A. valisineria (2,6*)

Bucephala clangula (11,12)

Mergus merganser ( 1 )

Branta bernicla (10)

Chen caerulescens (10)
Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, NWT, Que
Records: 1. Wardle 1933 (BC); 2. Comwell
and Cowan 1963 (Man); 3. Buscher 1965 (Man);
4. Buscher 1966 (Man); 5. Denny 1969 (Alta);
6. Podesta and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 7. Crichton
and Welch 1972 (Man); 8. McLaughlin and Burt
1973 (NB); 9. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta);

10. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT);

11. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a (NB);

12. McLaughlin and Burt 1979b (NB); 13. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta); 14. Hoeve and Scott
1988 (Que)

Remarks: * Experimental infections
producing mature cestodes.

Fimbriarioides intermedia (Fuhrmann, 1913)
Site: duodenum, small intestine
Host: Somateria mollissima (1,2)
Dist: Nfld, NWT

Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (NWT); 2. Bishop
and Threlfall 1974 (Nfld)

Fimbriarioides sp.

Site: small intestine
Hosts: Melanitta nigra
M. perspicillata
Dist: BC, NB, Nfld
Record: Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982

SUBFAMILY HYMENOLEPIDINAE

Anatinella spinulosa (Dubinina, 1953)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975

3

Aploparaksisfurcigera (Nitzsch in Rudophi, 1819)
Site: intestine, caecum
Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )

A. disc or s (2,4)

A. ruhripes (3,4)

A. strepera (1)

Aythya collaris (4)
Dist: Man, NB

Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher
1966 (Man); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1973
(NB); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)

Aploparaksis veitchi Baylis, 1934
Site: intestine
Hosts: Anas clypeata

A. strepera
Dist: Man

Record: Buscher 1965
Remarks: Spasskii and Freze (1961) listed
this species as species inquirenda.

Aploparaksis sp.
Site: intestine

Host: Somateria mollissima

Dist: NWT

Record: Cooper 1921

Cloacotaenia me galops (Nitzsch in Creplin, 1829)
Syn: Hymenolepis megalops (Nitzsch in

Creplin, 1829)
Site: cloaca; occasionally in ureter (Wobeser

198 1 ) and bursa of Fabricius (Bourgeois and
Threlfall 1982)
Hosts: Anas acuta (2,4,8)
A. americana (7)
A. clypeata (2)
A. disc or s 0,1)
A. platyrhynchos (4,8)
A. strepera (2)
Aythya ajfinis (5)
A. valisineria (1)
Melanittafusca (9)
Chen caerulescens (6)
Dist: Alta, BC, Sask, Man, NB, NWT
Records: 1. Comwell and Cowan 1963
(Man); 2. Buscher 1965 (Man); 3. Buscher
1966 (Man); 4. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man);
5. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 6. Neraasen
and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 7. McLaughlin and
Burt 1979a,b(NB); 8. Wobeser 1981 (Sask);
9. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC)
Remarks: Specimens found in ureters were
immature (Wobeser 1981).

Dicranotaenia coronula (Dujardin, 1845)

Syn: Hymenolepis coronula (Dujardin, 1845)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas platyrhynchos (5)
A. rubripes (2,5)
Domestic ducks ( 1 )
Aythya ajfinis (3,6)
A. collaris (5)
A. marila (5)
Bucephala clangula (5)
Branta bernicla (4)
Chen caerulescens (4)
Dist: Alta, NB, NWT, Ont
Records: 1. Schofield 1932 (Ont); 2.
McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 3. Hair and
Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. Neraasen and Holmes
1975 (NWT); 5. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b
(NB); 6. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)
Remarks: Schofield (1932) reported this
helminth as a possible cause of mortality in a
flock of domestic ducks.

Diorchis asiatica Spasskii, 1963
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975

Diorchis bulbodes Mayhew, 1929
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta (1)
A. rubripes (2,4)
Aythya affinis (3)
Dist: Alta, Man, NB
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man);
2. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 3. Hair
and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. McLaughlin and
Burt 1979a,b (NB)

Diorchis excentricus Mayhew, 1925
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya affinis
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b

Diorchis inflata (Rudolphi, 1819)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya affinis
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b

4

Diorchis microcirrosa Mayhew, 1929
Site: small intestine
Host: Anas discors
Dist: NB

Records: McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b

Diorchis nyrocae Yamaguti, 1935
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 ,3)

A. clypeata (I)

A. discors (2)

A. platyrhynchos (3)
Dist: Man

Records: 1. Buscher 1965; 2. Buscher 1966;
3. Crichton and Welch 1972

Diorchis nyrocoides Spasskaja, 1961
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975

Diorchis ransomi Schultz, 1940
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975
Remarks: More frequently found in Fulica
americana and recorded from this host in
Manitoba (McLaughlin and Burt 1975).
Schmidt (1986) has included this species in the
genus Schillerius Yamaguti, 1959.

Diorchis spinata Mayhew, 1929
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas strepera (1)
Aythya ajfinis (2)
Dist: Alta, Man

Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Hair and
Holmes 1975 (Alta)

Diorchis stefanskii Czaplinski, 1956
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Aythya affinis (2)

Branta bernicla (1)

Chen caerulescens (1)
Dist: Alta, NWT

Records: 1. Neraasen and Holmes 1975
(NWT); 2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta)

Diorchis spp.

Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anatidae (3)

Aythya affinis {\ 2)
Dist: Alta, Que

Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 2.
Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta); 3. Hoeve and
Scott 1988 (Que)

Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (Schiller, 1952)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anser albifrons

Branta bernicla

Chen caerulescens
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Remarks: Schmidt (1986) has included this

species in both Drepanidotaenia and

Microsomacanthus.

Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (Bloch, 1782)
Syn: Hymenolepis lanceolata
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Branta bernicla (2)

B. canadensis (3)

Chen caerulescens ( 1 ,2)
Dist: NB, NWT, Que

Records: 1. Mahon 1956 (Que); 2. Neraasen
and Holmes 1975 (NWT); 3. McLaughlin and
Burt 1979a,b (NB)

Echinocotyle rosseteri (Blanchard, 1891)
Site: duodenum, small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta (2)

A. clypeata (1,2)

A. crecca (1,5)

A. discors (1,3,5)

A. rubripes (4,5)
Dist: Man, NB, Que

Records: 1. Mahon 1956 (Que); 2. Buscher
1965 (Man); 3. Buscher 1966 (Man);

4. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);

5. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Remarks: Specimens described by Mahon

(1956) differ from those described by other
authors and are likely not E. rosseteri
(McLaughlin and Burt 1979a).

Hispaniolepis arcuata (Kowalewski, 1904)

Syn: Hymenolepis arcuata Kowalewski, 1904
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya affinis
. Dist: Alta
Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b

Hymenolepis albertensis Denny, 1969
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Domestic duck (1*)
Aythya ajfinis {\+,2)

5

A. americana (1+)
Melanittafusca (1)
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Denny, 1969; 2. Bush and
Holmes 1986a

Remarks: + Experimental infections
producing mature cestodes. *Experimental
infections producing immature cestodes.

Hymenolepis anatina (Krabbe, 1869)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )

A. disc or s (2)
Dist: Man

Records: 1. Buscher 1965; 2. Buscher 1966
Remarks: Schmidt (1986)has listed this
species in Echinocotyle Blanchard (1891).
According to McDonald (1969), H. anatina is
unrecognizable. Regardless, the sucker armature
is quite different from that of E. rosseteri. See
remarks on H. rauschi.

Hymenolepis pusilla Podesta and Holmes, 1970
Site: small intestine (posterior third)
Hosts: Aythya ajfinis ( 1 ,2,3)

A. valisineria (1)
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Podesta and Holmes 1970;
2. Hair and Holmes 1975; 3. Bush and Holmes
1986a,b

Remarks: Podesta and Holmes (1970) also
completed the life cycle of this species in
A. ajfinis and A. valisineria.

Hymenolepis rauschi Schiller, 1950
Site: small intestine
Host: Anas ruhripes
Dist: NB

Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973;
2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b

Remarks: Yamaguti (1959) placed
H. rauschi in the genus Echinocotyle Blanchard
( 1 89 1 ) on the basis of its armed suckers.
Schmidt (1986), apparently following Yamaguti,
also included H. rauschi in Echinocotyle. The
sucker armature in H. rauschi resembles that
seen in many Diorchis species and is quite
different from that of E. rosseteri, the type
species of Echinocotyle. McLaughlin and Burt
(1979a) suggested that Echinocotyle should
include only those species whose sucker
armature resembled that of E. rosseteri and
returned H. rauschi to the genus Hymenolepis s.l.

Hymenolepis spinocirrosa Podesta and Holmes,
1970

Site: small intestine (posterior third)
Hosts: Aythya ajfinis (1,2,4)

A. americana (1)

A. mar i la (3)

A. valisineria (1)
Dist: Alta, NB

Records: 1. Podesta and Holmes 1970 (Alta);
2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. McLaughlin
and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 4. Bush and Holmes
1986a,b(Alta)

Remarks: Podesta snd Holmes (1970) also
completed the life cycle of this species in
A. ajfinis, A. americana and A. valisineria.

Hymenolepis trombidacantha Podesta and Holmes,
1970

Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Podesta and Holmes 1970
Remarks: Podesta and Holmes (1970) also

completed the life cycle of this species in

A. ajfinis.

Hymenolepis spp.
Site: intestine
Hosts: Aix sponsa ( 1 2)

Anas acuta ( 1 ,6)

A. discors (1)

A. platyrhynchos (6)

A. rubripes (7,\2)

Anatidae (11,16)

Aythya ajfinis (8,15)

A. valisineria (4)
Bucephala albeola (12)
Lophodytes cucullatus (10)
Melanittajusca (14)

M. nigra {\ A)

M. perspicillata ( 14)

Branta bernicla (9)

B. canadensis (12)
Domestic goose (3)
Cygnus buccinator (2,5, 1 3)

C. columbianus (13)

Dist: Alta, BC, Man, NB, Nfld, NWT, Ont,
Que

Records: 1. Swales 1933 (Alta); 2. Cowan
1946 (BC); 3. Schad 1962 (Que); 4. Comwell
and Cowan 1963 (Man); 5. MacNeill 1970 (BC);

6. Crichton and Welch 1972 (Man);

7. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 8. Hair and
Holmes 1975 (Alta); 9. Neraasen and Holmes
1975 (NWT); 10. Bain and Threlfall 1977 (Ont);

6

11. MacNeil and Barnard 1978 (BC);

12. McLaughlin and Burt 1979b (NB);

13. McKelvey and MacNeill 1980 (BC);

14. Bourgeois and Threlfall 1982 (BC,NB,Nfld);

15. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta); 16. Hoeve
and Scott 1988 (Que)

Microsomacanthus abortiva (von Linstow, 1904)

Syn: Hymenolepis abortiva von Linstow, 1904
Site: small intestine, caecum
Hosts: Anas discors (3)

A. platyrhynchos (3)

A. rubripes (1,3)

Aythya ajfinis (2,4)
Dist: Alta, NB

Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);

2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. McLaughlin

and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 4. Bush and Holmes

1986a,b (Alta)
Remarks: All specimens from Anas spp.

found in caecum; those from Aythya ajfinis

occurred in the small intestine.

Microsomacanthus compressa (Linton, 1892)

Syn: Hymenolepis compressa (Linton, 1892)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )

Aythya ajfinis (2)
Dist: Alta, Man

Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Hair and

Holmes 1975 (Alta)
Remarks: Specimens identified as H.

compressa by McLaughlin and Burt (1973) are

H. paracompressa.

Microsomacanthus collaris (Batsch, 1786)

Syn: Hymenolepis collaris (Batsch, 1786)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas rubripes ( 1 ,2)
Aythya collaris (2)
Dist: NB

Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973;
2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b

Microsomacanthus fausti (Tseng-Shen, 1932)

Syn: Hymenolepis jausti (Tseng-Shen, 1932)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Aythya ajfinis (1,3)

A. collaris (2)
Dist: Alta, Ont

Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta);

2. Nose worthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 3. Bush

and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)
Remarks: Bush and Holmes (1986a,b) found

only immature forms. Czaplinski and Vaucher

(1977), on re-examination of the original
specimens, concluded that the original
description was based on fragmentary material
consisting of strobilae of Microsomacanthus
paramicrosoma Gasowska, 1931 and scolices of
a different species, possibly Microsomacanthus
spiralibursata CzapVinski, 1956. They renamed
Microsomacanthus jausti of Spasskaja and
Spasskii ( 196 1 ) Microsomacanthus baeri.

Microsomacanthus formosoides Spasskaja and
Spasskii, 1961
Syn: Hymenolepis (Microsomacanthus)

formosoides (Spasskaja and Spasskii, 1961)
Site: small intestine
Host: Somateria mollis sima
Dist: Nfld

Record: Bishop and Threlfall 1974

Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Schiller, 195 1 )

Syn: Hymenolepis hopkinsi Schiller, 195 1
Site: caecum
Hosts: Aix sponsa (1)
Anas acuta ( 1 ,6)
A. platyrhynchos (6+,7)
A. rubripes (2,4,7)
A. strepera(\)
Domestic duck (2*)
Aythya ajfinis (3-i-,5)
A. americana (3*)
A. valisineria (3+)
Dist: Alta, Man, NB
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man);
2. McLaughlin and Burt 1970 (NB); 3. Podesta
and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 4. McLaughlin and
Burt 1973 (NB); 5. Hair and Holmes 1975
(Alta); 6. McLaughlin 1975 (Man);
7. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)
Remarks: *Experimental infections only.
+Natural and experimental infections yielding
mature specimens.

Microsomacanthus melanittae Ryjikov, 1962

Syn: Hymenolepis melanittae (Ryjikov, 1962)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Records: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Remarks: Only immature specimens were
found.

Microsomacanthus microskrjabini Spasskii and
Jurpalova, 1964
Syn: Hymenolepis (Microsomacanthus)

microskrjabini (Spasskii and Jurpalova, 1964)

7

Hymenolepis microskrjabini (Spasskii and

Jurpalova, 1964)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Domestic duck (1*)

Aythya ajfinis ( l+,2,4)

A. americana (1+)

Somateria mollissima (3)
Dist: Alta, Nfld

Records: 1. Denny 1969 (Alta); 2. Hair and
Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. Bishop and Threlfall
1974 (Nfld); 4. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)

Remarks: *Experimental infection; only
immature forms recovered. + Experimental
infections producing mature cestodes.

Microsomacanthus paracompressa (Czaplinski,
1956)

Syn: Hymenolepis paracompressa

Czaplinski, 1956 Hymenolepis compressa of

McLaughlin and Burt (1973)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta (2)

A. platyrhynchos (2)

A. rubripes (1 ,2)

Aythya ajfinis (3)
Dist: Alta, NB

Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);

2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB); 3. Bush

and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)
Remarks: Bush and Holmes (1986b)

reported immature specimens only.

Microsomacanthus parvula (Kowalewski, 1904)

Syn: Hymenolepis parvula Kowalewski, 1904

Kowalewskius parvula (Kowalewski, 1904)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas rubripes ( 1 ,4)
Aythya ajfinis (2,5)
A. collaris (3)
Dist: Alta, NB, Ont

Records: 1. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB);
2. Hair and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 3. Noseworthy
and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 4. McLaughlin and
Burt 1979a,b (NB); 5. Bush and Holmes 1985a
(Alta)

Microsomacanthus recurvata Spasskaja and
Spasskii, 1961
Syn: Hymenolepis recurvata (Spasskaja and

Spasskii)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b

Microsomacanthus somateriae Ryjikov, 1965
Syn: Hymenolepis (Microsomacanthus)

somateriae (Ryjikov, 1965)
Site: small intestine
Host: Somateria mollissima
Dist: Nfld

Record: Bishop and Threlfall 1974

Microsomacanthus spiralibursata (Czaplinski,
1956)

Syn: Hymenolepis spiralibursata Czaplinski,
1956

Site: small intestine
Hosts: Domestic duck (1*)
Aythya ajfinis ( 1 ,2)
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Denny 1969; 2. Hair and Holmes
1975

Remarks: *Experimental infection producing
mature specimens.

Microsomacanthus teresoides (Fuhrmann, 1906)

Syn: Hymenolepis teresoides Fuhrmann, 1906
Site: small intestine
Host: Anas strepera
Dist: Man

Record: Buscher 1965

Microsomacanthus tuvensis Spasskaja and Spasskii,
1961

Syn: Hymenolepis tuvensis (Spasskaja and

Spasskii, 1961)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Domestic duck ( 1 *)

Aythya affinis{\+2,'i. 5)

A. americana (2)

A. mar i la (4)

A. valisineria (2)

Melanittafusca (2)
Dist: Alta, NB

Records: 1. Denny 1969 (Alta); 2. Podesta
and Holmes 1970 (Alta); 3. Hair and Holmes
1975 (Alta); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b
(NB); 5. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)

Remarks: *Experimental infection; only
immature specimens recovered. +Mature
specimens from natural and experimental
infections.

8

Parabisaccanthes philactes (Schiller, 1951)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anser albifrons

Branta bernicla

Chen caerulescens
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975

Retinometra cyrtoides (Mayhew, 1925)
Site: small intestine
Host: Ay thy a ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Remarks: Immature specimens only.

Retinometra longivaginata (Fuhrmann, 1906)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anser albifrons

Branta bernicla

Chen caerulescens
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975

Retinometra macracanthos (von Linstow, 1877)
Site: small intestine
Host: Bucephala clangula
Dist: NB

Record: McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b
Remarks: Immature specimen only.

Retinometra macrocephala (Fuhrmann, 1913)

Syn: Hymenolepis macrocephala Fuhrmann,
1913

Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas clypeata (1)

A. discors (2)
Dist: Man

Records: 1. Buscher 1965; 2. Buscher 1966
Remarks: Synonym of Retinometra venusta
according to Spasskaja (1966).

Retinometra pittalugai (Lopez-Neyra, 1932)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Hair and Holmes 1975; 2. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b

Retinometra venusta (Rosseter, 1897)
Site: small intestine
Host: Anser albifrons
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975

Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Brock, 1942)

Syn: Hymenolepis filumferens Brock, 1942
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas clypeata ( 1 )

A. crecca (4)

A. discors (2,4)

A. rubripes (3,4)
Dist: Man, NB

Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher
1966 (Man); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1973
(NB); 4. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)

Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Zeder, 1803)

Syn: Hymenolepis gracilis (Zeder, 1803)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Aix sponsa (6)
Anas acuta ( 1 )
A. americana (6)
A. discors (6)
A. rubripes (2,6)
Aythya ajfinis (3,7)
A. collaris (5)
Branta bernicla (4)
Chen caerulescens (4)
Dist: Alta, Man, NB, NWT, Ont
Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man);
2. McLaughlin and Burt 1973 (NB); 3. Hair
and Holmes 1975 (Alta); 4. Neraasen and
Holmes 1975 (NWT); 5. Noseworthy and
Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 6. McLaughlin and Burt
1979a,b (NB); 7. Bush and Holmes 1986a (Alta)
Remarks: Bush and Holmes (1986a)
recorded only immature specimens.

Sobolevicanthus kenaiensis (Schiller, 1952)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Bush and Holmes 1986a

Sobolevicanthus octacantha (Krabbe, 1869)
Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya affinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Bush and Holmes 1986a
Remarks: Immature specimens only.

Sobolevicanthus stolli (Brock, 1941)

Syn: Hymenolepis stolli Brock, 1941
Site: small intestine
Host: Anas acuta
Dist: Man

Record: Buscher 1965

9

Sobolevicanthus sp.

Site: small intestine
Host: Ay thy a ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975

Tschertkovilepis krahhei (Kowalewski, 1895)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anser albifrons

Branta bemicla

Chen caerulescens
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Remarks: Schmidt (1986) considered the
genus Tschertkovilepis a synonym of
Microsomacanthus. T. krabbei was not listed.
Yamaguti (1959) listed it as a synonym of
Tschertkovilepis conscripta Railliet et Henry,
1909.

Tschertkovilepis setigera (Froelich, 1789)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anser albifrons
Branta bemicla
Chen caerulescens
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975
Remarks: Transferred by Schmidt (1986) to
Microsomacanthus.

Wardium creplini (Krabbe, 1869)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anser albifrons ( 1 )

Branta canadensis (2)
Dist: NB, NWT

Records: 1. Neraasen and Holmes 1975
(NWT); 2. McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)

Remarks: Schmidt ( 1986) listed the genus
Wardium (Mayhew, 1925) as a synonym of
Dicranotaenia (Railliet, 1892) and transferred
this species to it.

Wardium sp.

Site: small intestine
Host: Ay thy a affinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975

Wardoides nyrocae (Yamaguti, 1935)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Branta bemicla

Chen caerulescens
Dist: NWT

Record: Neraasen and Holmes 1975

Remarks: Schmidt (1986) has included this
species in Drepanidotaenia.

FAMILY ACOLEIDAE

Diploposthe laevis (Bloch, 1782)
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Ay thy a mar i la (1)

A. collaris (2,3)
Dist: NB, Ont, Que
Records: 1. Mahon 1956 (Que); 2.
Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 3.
McLaughlin and Burt 1979a,b (NB)

FAMILY DILEPIDIDAE
SUBFAMILY DILEPIDINAE

Anomotaenia sp.

Site: small intestine
Host: Ay thy a affinis
Dist: Alta

Record: Hair and Holmes 1975

Lateriporus geographicus Cooper, 1921
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Clangula hymealis (2)

Somateria mollissima (1)
Dist: NWT, Que

Records: 1. Cooper 1921 (NWT); 2. Mahon
1956 (Que)

Lateriporus mathevossianae Ryjikov and Gubanov,
1962

Site: small intestine
Hosts: Ay thy a affinis*
Melanittafusca
Dist: Alta

Record: Denny, 1969

Remarks: Denny (1969) also recovered
immature specimens from experimentally
exposed M. fusca and A. affinis.

*Immature specimens in natural infections.

Lateriporus skrjabini Mathevossian, 1 946
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 *)

A. americana (1*)

A. disc or s (1*)

A. platyrhynchos ( 1 +)

A. strepera (1*)

Domestic duck (1+)

Aythya affinis ( 1 ',2,3)

A. americana (!')

A. valisineria (1)
Bucephala albeola ( 1 *)

B. clangula (\*)

10

Melanitta fusca ( 1 *)
Oxyura jamaicensis {X'^)
Dist: Alta

Records: 1. Denny 1969; 2. Hair and Holmes
1975; 3. Bush and Holmes 1986a,b

Remarks: *Im.mature specimens only from
natural infections. +Immature specimens only
following experimental infections. 'Mature
specimens from natural and experimental
infections.

Lateriporus teres (Krabbe, 1869)

Site: duodenum and small intestine
Host: Somateria mollissima
Dist: Nfld

Records: 1. Threlfall 1968; 2. Bishop and
Threlfall 1974

Oligorchis sp.

Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Aha

Records: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Remarks: Immature specimens only;

apparently an undescribed species (Bush and

Holmes 1986a).

Unidentified Cestodes
Site: intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta (2)

A. americana (2)

A. clypeata (2)

A. crecca (2,4)

A. discors (2,4)

A. platyrhynchos (2,3)

A. ruhripes (7)

A. strepera (2)

Anatidae (6)

Aythya ajfinis (2,9)

A. collaris (8)

Bucephala clangula (7)

Cygnus columbianus ( 1 )

Lophodytes cucullatus (5)

Melanitta fusca (2)
Dist: Alta, BC, NB, Ont, Sask
Records: 1. Wickware 1930 (Ont); 2. Swales
1934 (Alta); 3. Wobeser 1974 (Sask); 4. Turner
and Threlfall 1975 (NB); 5. Bain and Threlfall
1977 (Ont); 6. MacNeil and Barnard 1978 (BC);

7. Mahoney and Threlfall 1978 (NB,Ont);

8. Noseworthy and Threlfall 1978 (Ont); 9. Bush
and Holmes 1986a,b (Alta)

Platyscolex ciliata (Fuhrmann, 1913)

Syn: Anomotaenia ciliata Fuhrmann, 1913
Site: small intestine
Hosts: Anas acuta ( 1 )

A. clypeata (I)

A. discors (2)

A. rubripes (3,5)

A. strepera (1)

Bucephala clangula (5)

Branta bernicla (4)

Chen caerulescens (4)
Dist: Man, NB, NWT

Records: 1. Buscher 1965 (Man); 2. Buscher
1966 (Man); 3. McLaughlin and Burt 1973
(NB); 4. Neraasen and Holmes 1975 (NWT);
5. McLaughlin and Burt 1979b (NB)

Unciunia sp.

Site: small intestine
Host: Aythya ajfinis
Dist: Alta

Records: Bush and Holmes 1986a,b
Remarks: Apparently an undescribed species
(Bush and Holmes 1986a).

11

12

HOST PARASITE LIST

ORDER ANSERIFORMES
SUBORDER ANSERES

FAMILY ANATIDAE
SUBFAMILY ANATINAE

Tribe Anatini

Anas acuta L.

- Northern Pintail

- Syn: Dafila acuta (L.)
Aploparaksisfurcigera (Man)
Cloacotaenia megalops (Man, Sask)
Diorchis bulbodes (Man)

D. nyrocae (Man)
Echinocoytle rosseteh (Man)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Man, NB)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Hymenolepis anatina (Man)
Hymenolepis sp. (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus compressa (Man)
M. hopkinsi (Man)
M. paracompressa (NB)
Platyscolex ciliata (Man)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Man)
S. stolli (Man)
Cestodes (Alta)

Anas americana Gmelin

- American Wigeon (Gmelin)

- Syn: Mareca americana
Cloacotaenia megalops (NB)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NB)
Cestodes (Alta)

Anas clypeata L.

- Northern Shoveler

- Syn: Spatula clypeata (L.)
Aploparaksis veitchi (Man)
Cloacotaenia megalops (Man)
Diorchis nyrocae (Man)
Echinocotyle rosseteri (Man, Que)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Man)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Platyscolex ciliata (Man)
Retinometra macrocephala (Man)
Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Man)
Cestodes (Alta)

Anas crecca L.

- Green-winged Teal

- Syn: Anas crecca carolinensis
Echinocotyle rosseteri (NB, Que)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Sobolevicanthus filumferens (NB)
Cestodes (Alta, NB, Que)

Anas discors L.

- Blue-winged Teal

- Syn: Querquedula discors (L.)
Aploparaksisfurcigera (Man, NB)
Cloacotaenia megalops (Man, NB)
Diorchis microcirrosa (NB)

D. nyrocae (Man)

Echinocotyle rosseteri (Man, NB, Que)
Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Man, NB)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Hymenolepis anatina (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Aha)
Microsomacanthus abortiva (NB)
Platyscolex ciliata (Man)
Retinometra macrocephala (Man)
Sobolevicanthus filumferens (Man, NB)
S. gracilis (NB)
Cestodes (Alta, NB, Que)

Anas platyrhynchos L.

- Mallard

Cloacotaenia megalops (Man, Sask)
Dicranotaenia coronula (NB)
D. nyrocae (Man)

Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Man, NB)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Hymenolepis sp. (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Ligula intestinalis (Man)
Microsomacanthus abortiva (NB)
M. hopkinsi (Man, NB)
M. paracompressa (NB)
Cestodes (Alta, Sask)

Anas rubripes Brewster

- American Black Duck
Aploparaksis furcigera (NB)
Dicranotaenia coronula (NB)
Diorchis bulbodes (NB)
Echinocotyle rosseteri (NB)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB )
Hymenolepis rauschi (NB)
Hymenolepis sp. (NB)

13

Microsomacanthus abortiva (NB)

M. collar is (NB)

M. hopkinsi (NB)

M. paracompressa (NB)

M. parvula (NB)

Platyscolex ciliata (NB)

Sobolevicanthus filumferens (NB)

S. gracilis (NB)

Cestodes (NB, Que)

Anas strepera L.

- Gadwall

Aploparaksis furcigera (Man)
A. veitchi (Man)
Cloacotaenia megalops (Man)
Diorchis spinata (Man)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Man)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Man)
M. teresoides (Man)
Platyscolex ciliata (Man)
Cestodes (Alta)

Domestic ducks

- (Includes Anas platyrhynchos domesticus;
most represent experimental infections)

Dicranotaenia coronula (Ont)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta)
Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (NB)
A/, microskrjabini (Alta)
M. spiralihursata (Alta)
A/, tuvensis (Alta)

Tribe Aythyini

/4>'r/2}'« ^#>?/-y (Eyton)

- Lesser Scaup
Anomotaenia sp. (Alta)
Anatinella spinulosa (Alta)
Cloacotaenia megalops (Alta)
Dicranotaenia coronula (Alta)
Diorchis asiatica (Alta)

D. bulbodes (Alta)

£>. excentricus (Alta)

D. (Alta)

D. nyrocoides (Alta)

D. ransomi (Alta)

D. spinata (Alta)

D. stefanskii (Alta)

Diorchis sp. (Alta)

Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta)

Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)

Hispaniolepis arcuata (Alta)

Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta)

//. (Alta)

//. spinocirrosa (Alta)

//. trombidacantha (Alta)

Hymenolepis sp. (Alta)

Lateriporus mathevossianae (Alta)

L. skrjabini (Alta)

Microsomacanthus abortiva (Alta)

M. compressa (Alta)

M.fausti (Alta)

M. hopkinsi (Alta)

M. melanittae (Alta)

M. microskrjabini (Alta)

M. paracompressa (Alta)

M. parvula (Alta)

M. recurvata (Alta)

M. spiralibursata (Alta)

M. tuvensis (Alta)

Oligorchis sp. (Alta)

Retinometra cyrtoides (Alta)

7?. pittalugai (Alta)

Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Alta)

5. kenaiensis (Alta)

5. octacantha (Alta)

Sobolevicanthus sp. (Alta)

Unciunia sp. (Alta)

Wardium sp. (Alta)

Cestodes (Alta)

Aythya americana (Eyton)

- Redhead

Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta)
//. spinocirrosa (Alta)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Alta)
M. microskrjabini (Alta)
M. tuvensis (Alta)

y4>'r/z>'a collaris (Donovan)

- Ring-necked Duck
Aploparaksis furcigera (NB)
Dicranotaenia coronula (NB)
Diploposthe laevis (NB, Ont)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB)
Microsomacanthus collaris (NB)
M.fausti (Ont)

M. parvula (Ont)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (Ont)
Cestodes (Ont)

14

Aythya marila (L.)

- Greater Scaup

- Syn: Nyroca marila (L.)
Dicranotaenia coronula (NB)
Diploposthe laevis (Que)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB)
Hymenolepis spinocirrosa (NB)
Microsomacanthus tuvensis (NB)

Aythya valisineria (Wilson)

- Canvasback

Cloacotaenia megalops (Man)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Man)
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Hymenolepis pusilla (Alta)
H. spinocirrosa (Alta)
Hymenolepis sp. (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (Alta)
M. tuvensis (Alta)

Tribe Cairini

A/a: sponsa (L.)

- Wood Duck
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB)
Hymenolepis sp. (NB)
Microsomacanthus hopkinsi (NB)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NB)

Tribe Mergini

Bucephala albeola (L.)

- Bufflehead
Gastrotaenia cygni (Man)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Hymenolepis sp. (NB)

Bucephala clangula (L.)

- Common Goldeneye
Dicranotaenia coronula (NB)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NB)
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)
Platyscolex ciliata (NB)
Retinometra macracanthos (NB)
Cestodes (Ont)

Clangula hymealis (L.)

- Oldsquaw

Lateriporus geographicus (Que)

Lophodytes cucullatus (L.)

- Hooded Merganser
Hymenolepis sp. (Ont)
Schistocephalus solidus (Ont)
Cestodes (Ont)

Melanitta fusca (L.)

- White-winged Scoter

- Syn: Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte)
Cloacotaenia megalops (BC)
Hymenolepis albertensis (Alta)
Hymenolepis sp. (BC, NB, Nfld)
Lateriporus mathevossianae (Alta)

L. skrjabini (Alta)
Microsomacanthus tuvensis (Alta)
Cestodes (Alta)

Melanitta nigra (L.)

- Black Scoter

Fimbriarioides sp. (BC, NB, Nfld)
Hymenolepis sp. (BC, NB, Nfld)

Melanitta perspicillata (L.)

- Surf Scoter

Fimbriarioides sp. (BC, NB, Nfld)
Hymenolepis sp. (Alta, BC, NB, Nfld)

Mergus merganser L.

- Common Merganser

- Syn: Mergus americanus Cassin

Mergus merganser americanus Cassin
Fimbriariafasciolaris (BC)
Ligula intestinalis (BC, Que)
Schistocephalus solidus (BC)

Somateria mollissima (L.)

- Common Eider

- Syn: Somateria mollissima var. w/gra

Bonaparte
Aploparaksis sp. (NWT)
Fimbriarioides intermedia (Nfld, NWT)
Lateriporus geographicus (NWT)
L. re/T.? (Nfld)

Microsomacanthus formosoides (Nfld)
M. microskrjabini (Nfld)
M. somateriae (Nfld)

Tribe Oxyurini

Oxyw^« jamaicensis (Gmelin)

- Ruddy Duck
Lateriporus skrjabini (Alta)

SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE

Tribe Anserini

Amer albifrons (Scopoli)

- Greater White-fronted Goose
Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (NWT)
Parabisaccanthes philactes (NWT)
Retinometra longivaginata (NWT)

15

R. venusta (NWT)
Tschertkovilepis krabbei (NWT)
T. setigera (NWT)
Wardium creplini (NWT)

Branta hemic la (L.)

- Brant

- Syn: Branta bernicla nigricans (Lawrence)
Dicranotaenia coronula (NWT)

Diorchis stefanskii (NWT)
Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (NWT)
D. lanceolata (NWT)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NWT)
Hymenolepis sp. (NWT)
Parabisaccanthes philactes (NWT)
Platyscolex ciliata (NWT)
Retinometra longivaginata (NWT)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NWT)
Tschertkovilepis krabbei (NWT)
T. setigera (NWT)
Wardoides nyrocae (NWT)

Branta canadensis (L.)

- Canada Goose

Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (NB)
Hymenolepis sp. (NB)
Wardium creplini (NB)

Chen caerulescens (L.)

- Snow Goose

- Syn: Chen caerulescens caerulescens (L.)

Chen hyperborea atlantica Kennard
Cloacotaenia megalops (NWT)
Dicranotaenia coronula (NWT)
Diorchis stefanskii (NWT)
Drepanidotaenia barrowensis (NWT)

D. lanceolata (NWT, Que)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (NWT)
Parabisaccanthes philactes (NWT)
Platyscolex ciliata (NWT)
Retinometra longivaginata (NWT)
Sobolevicanthus gracilis (NWT)
Tschertkovilepis krabbei (NWT)
T. setigera (NWT)
Wardoides nyrocae (NWT)

Domestic geese

Hymenolepis sp. (Que)

Tribe Cygnini

Cygnus buccinator Richardson

- Trumpeter Swan

- Syn: Cygnus cygnus buccinator Richardson
Hymenolepis sp. (BC)

Cygnus columbianus (Ord)

- Tundra Swan

- Syn: Cygnus columbianus columbianus

(Ord)

Hymenolepis sp. (BC)
Cestodes (Ont)

Unspecified Anatidae

Hymenolepis sp. (BC, Que)
Fimbriariafasciolaris (Alta, Que)
Diorchis sp. (Que)
Cestodes (BC)

16

REFERENCES

BAIN, G.A. and W. THRELFALL. 1977. Helminth
parasites of hooded mergansers Lophodytes
cucullatus (L.) from Ontario. Proceedings of the
Helminthological Society of Washington 44:
219-221.

BISHOP, C.A. and W. THRELFALL. 1974.
Helminth parasites of the common eider duck,
Somateria mollissima (L.) in Newfoundland and
Labrador. Proceedings of the Helminthological
Society of Washington 41: 25-35.

BOURGEOIS, C.E. and W. THRELFALL. 1982.
Metazoan parasites of three species of scoter
(Anatidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:
2253-2257.

BUSCHER, H.N. 1965. Dynamics of the intestinal
helminth fauna in three species of ducks. Journal
of Wildlife Management 29: 772-781.

BUSCHER, H.N. 1966. Intestinal helminths of the
blue- winged teal Anas discors L., at Delta,
Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Zoology 44:
113-115.

BUSH, A.O. and J.C. HOLMES. 1986a. Intestinal
helminths of lesser scaup ducks: patterns of
association. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:
132-141.

BUSH, A.O. and J.C. HOLMES. 1986b. Intestinal
helminths of lesser scaup ducks: an interactive
community. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64:
142-152.

COOPER, A.R. 1921. Report of the Canadian
Arctic Expedition 1913-1918. Vol. X. part G-H:
Trematoda and Cestoda. 27pp.

CORNWELL, G.W. and A.B. COWAN. 1963.
Helminth populations of canvasback {Aythya
valisineria) and host-parasite-environmental
interrelationships. Transactions of the
twenty-eighth North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference: Washington pp.
173-199.

COWAN, I. McT. 1946. Death of a trumpeter swan
from multiple parasitism. Auk 63: 48-249.

CRICHTON, V.F.J. and H.E. WELCH. 1972.
Helminths from the digestive tracts of mallards
and pintails in the Delta Marsh, Manitoba.
Canadian Journal of Zoology 50: 633-637.

CZAPLINSKI, B. and C.L. VAUCHER. 1977.
Revision de Fuhrmaniella fausti Tseng-Shen,
1932. Annales de Parasitologic humaine et
comparee (Paris) 52: 235-259.

DENNY, M. 1969. Life-cycles of helminth
parasites using Gammarus lacustris in a
Canadian lake. Parasitology 59: 795-827.

HAIR, J.D. and J.C. HOLMES. 1975. The

usefulness of measures of diversity, niche width
and niche overlap in the analysis of helminth
communities in waterfowl. Acta Parasitologica
Polonica 23:253-269.

HOEVE, J. and M.E.SCOTT. 1988. Ecological
studies on Cyathocotyle bushiensis (Digenea)
and Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Digenea),
possible pathogens of dabbling ducks of
southern Quebec. Journal of Wildlife Diseases
24:407-421.

MACNEILL, A.C. 1970. Amidostomum anseris
infection in wild swans and goldeneye ducks.
Canadian Veterinary Journal 11: 164-167.

MACNEILL, A.C. and T. BARNARD. 1978.
Necropsy results in free-flying and captive
anatidae in British Columbia. Canadian
Veterinary Journal 19: 17-21.

MAHON, J. 1956. On a collection of avian
cestodes from Canada. Canadian Journal of
Zoology 34: 104-119.

MAHONEY, S.P. and W. THRELFALL. 1978.
Digenea, Nematoda and Acanthocephala of two
species of ducks from Ontario and eastern
Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56:
436-439.

MCDONALD, M.E. 1969. Catalogue of helminths
of waterfowl (Anatidae). U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Special Scientific Report Wildlife No.
126.

17

MCKELVEY, R.W. and A.C. MACNEILL. 1980.
Mortality factors of wild swans in British
Columbia, Canada. Proceedings of the Second
International Swan Symposium, Sapporo, Japan
February 1980: 312-318.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. 1975. Observations on the
establishment, growth and development of
Hymenolepis hopkinsi SchiUer, 1951 (Cestoda)
in the mallard. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53:
1892-1897.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. and M.D.B BURT. 1970.
Observations on the morphology and life cycle
of Hymenolepis hopkinsi Schiller, 195 1
(Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea), a parasite of black
ducks {Anas ruhhpes Brewster). Canadian
Journal of Zoology 48: 1043-1046.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. and M.D.B. BURT. 1973.
Changes in the cestode fauna of the black duck
{Anas rubripes Brewster). Canadian Journal of
Zoology 51: 1001-1006.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. and M.D.B. BURT. 1975. A
contribution to the systematics of three cestode
species of the genus Diorchis Clerc, 1903
reported from birds of the genus Fulica L.. Acta
Parasitologica Polonica 23: 213-221.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. and M.D.B. BURT. 1979a.
Studies on the hymenolepid cestodes of
waterfowl from New Brunswick, Canada.
Canadian Journal of Zoology 57: 34-79.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. and M.D.B. BURT. 1979b.
A survey of intestinal helminths of waterfowl
from New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal
ofZoology 57: 801-807.

MCLAUGHLIN, J.D. and B.P. MCGURK. 1987.
An analysis of gizzard worm infections in fall
migrant ducks at Delta, Manitoba. Canadian
Journal ofZoology 65: 1470-1477.

NERAASEN, T.G. and J.C. HOLMES. 1975. The
circulation of cestodes among three species of
geese nesting on the Anderson River Delta,
Canada. Acta Parasitologica Polonica 30:
277-289.

PODESTA, R.B. and J.C. HOLMES. 1970.

Hymenolepidid cysticercoids in Hyalella azteca
of Cooking Lake, Alberta: Life cycles and
descriptions of four new species. Journal of
Parasitology 56: 1124-1134.

SCHAD, G.A. 1962. Helminth parasitism in a flock
of domestic geese introduced to arctic summer
conditions in Canada. Canadian Journal of
Zoology 40: 1-4.

SCHMIDT, G.D. 1986. Handbook of tapeworm
identification. C.R.C. Press, Boca Raton,
Florida. 675 pp.

SCHOFIELD, F.W. 1932. Heavy mortality among
ducklings due to Hymenolepis coronula. Report
of the Ontario Veterinary College 29: 49.

SPASSKAJA L.P. 1966. Cestodes of birds of the
USSR. Hymenolepididae. Izdatel'stovo Nauka,
Akademiia Nauk, SSSR Akademiia Nauk
Moldavia SSR Institut Zoology, Moskva. 698
pp. (In Russian).

SPASSKAJA, L.P. and A.A. SPASSKII. 1961.
Cestodes of birds of Tuva. II. Microsomacanthus
(Hymenolepididae). Acta Veterinaria
Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae 11: 13-53.
(In Russian).

SPASSKII, A.A. and V.I. FREZE. 1961. The
survey of species of the genus Aploparaksis
Clerc, 1903. Ceskoslovenska Parasitologic 8:
385-389. (In Russian).

SWALES, W.E. 1933. A review of Canadian
Helminthology II. Additions to Part I, as
determined from a study of parasitic helminths
collected in Canada. Canadian Journal of
Research 8: 478-482.

SWALES, W.E. 1934. The enemies within our wild
ducks. Rod and Gun in Canada. February pp.
12-13.

THRELFALL, W. 1968. Helminth parasites from
some birds in Newfoundland. Canadian Journal
ofZoology 46: 909-913.

NOSEWORTHY, S.M. and W. THRELFALL.
1978. Some metazoan parasites of Ring-necked
ducks Aythya collaris (Donovan), from Canada.
Journal of Parasitology 64: 365-367.

18

TURNER, B.C. and W. THRELFALL. 1975. The
Metazoan parasites of green-winged teal (Anas
crecca L.) and blue-winged teal {Anas discors
L.) from Eastern Canada. Proceedings of the
Helminthological Society of Washington 42:
157-169.

WARDLE, R.A. 1933. The parasitic helminths of
Canadian Animals. 1. The Cestodaria and
Cestoda. Canadian Journal of Research 8:
317-333.

WICKWARE, A.B. 1930. Parasites and parasitic
diseases of economically important waterfowl.
Proceedings of the 4th Worlds Poultry Congress.
London, pp. 408-415.

WOBESER, G. 1974. Renal coccidiosis in mallard
and pintail ducks. Journal of Wildlife Diseases
10: 249-255.

WOBESER, G. 1981. Diseases of Wild Waterfowl.
Plenum Press. New York and London. 300 pp.

YAMAGUTI, S. 1959. Systema Helminthum. Vol.
II. The cestodes of vertebrates. Interscience
Publishing Company, New York. 860 pp.

19

PARASITE INDEX

Acoleidae 10

Anatinella spinulosa 3

Anomotaenia sp 10

Aploparaksis furcigera 4

Aploparaksis sp 4

Aploparaksis veitchi 4

Aporidea 3

Cestoda 1 1

Cloacotaenia megalops 4

Cyclophyllidea 3

Dicranotaenia coronula 4

Dilepididae 10

Dilepidinae 10

Diorchis asiatica 4

Diorchis hulhodes 4

Diorchis excentricus 4

Diorchis inflata 4

Diorchis microcirrosa 5

Diorchis nyrocae 5

Diorchis ny roc oides 5

Diorchis ransomi 5

Diorchis spinata 5

Diorchis sp 5

Diorchis stefanskii 5

Diphyllobothriidae 3

Diploposthe laevis 10

Drepanidotaenia barrowensis 5

Drepanidotaenia lanceolata 5

Echinocotyle rosseteri 5

Fimhriariafasciolaris 3

Fimbriariinae 3

Fimhriarioides intermedia 3

Fimhriarioides sp 3

Gastrotaenia cygni 3

Hispaniolepis arcuata 5

Hymenolepididae 3

Hymenolepidinae 3

Hymenolepis alhertensis 5

Hymenolepis anatina 6

Hymenolepis pusilla 6

Hymenolepis rauschi 6

Hymenolepis sp 6

Hymenolepis spinocirrosa 6

Hymenolepis trombidacantha 6

Lateriporus geographicus 10

Lateriporus mathevossianae 10

Lateriporus skrjabini 10

Lateriporus teres 11

Ligula intestinalis 3

Microsomacanthus abortiva 7

Microsomacanthus compressa 7

Microsomacanthus collaris 7

Microsomacanthus fausti 7

Microsomacanthus formosoides 7

Microsomacanthus hopkinsi 7

Microsomacanthus microskrjabini 7

Microsomacanthus melanittae 7

Microsomacanthus paracompressa 8

Microsomacanthus parvula 8

Microsomacanthus recurvata 8

Microsomacanthus somateriae 8

Microsomacanthus spiralibursata 8

Microsomacanthus teresoides 8

Microsomacanthus tuvensis 8

Nematoparataeniidae 3

Oligorchis sp 1 1

Parabisaccanthes philactes 9

Platyscolex ciliata 1 1

Pseudophyllidea 3

Retinometra cyrtoides 9

Retinometra longivaginata 9

Retinometra macracanthos 9

Retinometra macrocephala 9

Retinometra pittalugai 9

Retinometra venusta 9

Schistocephalus solidus 3

Sobolevicanthus filumferens 9

Sobolevicanthus gracilis 9

Sobolevicanthus kenaiensis 9

Sobolevicanthus octacantha 9

Sobolevicanthus sp 10

Sobolevicanthus stolli 9

Tschertkovilepis krabbei 10

Tschertkovilepis setigera 10

Unciunia sp 1 1

Wardium creplini 10

Wardium sp 10

Wardoides nyrocae 10

20

HOST INDEX

Aixsponsa 15

Anas acuta 13

Anas americana 13

Anas clypeata 13

Anas crecca 13

Anas crecca carolinessis 1 3

Anasdiscors 13

Anas platyrhynchos 13

Anas platyrhynchos domesticus 14

Anas rubripes 13

Anas strepera 14

Anatinae 13

Anatini 13

Anser albifrons 15

Anserinae 15

Anserini 15

Ay thy a ajfinis 14

Aythya americana 14

Aythya collaris 14

Aythya marila 15

Aythya valisineria 15

Aythyini 14

Branta bernicla 16

Branta bernicla nigricans 16

Branta canadensis 16

Bucephala albeola 15

Bucephala clangula 15

Cairini 15

Chen caerulescens 16

Chen caerulescens caerulescens 16

Chen hyperborea atlantica 16

Clangula hymealis 15

Cygnini 16

Cygnus buccinator 16

Cygnus cygnus buccinator 16

Cygnus columbianus 16

Cygnus columbianus columbianus 16

Dafila acuta 13

Ducks, domestic 14

Geese, domestic 16

Lophodytes cucullatus 15

Mareca americana 13

Melanitta deglandi 15

Melanitta fusca 15

Melanitta nigra 15

Melanitta perspicillata 15

Mergini 15

Mergus americana 15

Mergus merganser 1 5

Mergus merganser americanus 15

Nyroca marila 15

Oxyura jamaicensis 15

Oxyurini 15

Querquedula discors 13

Somateria mollissima 15

Spatula clypeata 13

21