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A SYSTEMATIC AND BIOLOGICAL STUDY
OF THE ACARINA OF ILLINOIS

HENRY ELLSWORTH EWING, A. B., 1906

THESIS
For the Degree of Master of Arts

in Entomology

IN THE

Graduate School
OF THE

University of Illinois

PRESENTED JUNE, 1908

uy]
a

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

aes fl, 190 §& f

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY

ot Cl staroath Eureg A B,, /7 oe
entitteD.. A S golemabi Am Vb coboge ak

IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

DEGREE or Maecler of Arla , An Cphiar obo 44

( ; oo, in Charge.

APPROVED: . A on A.
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF Ff ca
OY,

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MORE IMPORTANT
LITERATURE RELATIVE TO THE ACARINA

COLLECTING AND REARING MITES

METHODS OF KILLING, MOUNTING AND
PRESERVING SPECIMENS

A CLASSIFICATION OF THE HIGHER

GROUPS OF ACARINA

EXTERNAL ANATOMY

INTERNAL ANATOMY

HABITS

THE SENSE OF SMELL

DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

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RPHHA CT
PREPAC j

The Aca

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At present t

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the species

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Zoology

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unexcelled

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the spe

Many of

cations on the Acarina. Mr.

synonomy of the American species.

The author is indebted to the following persons for << e
collecting specimens: Mr. J. D. Hood, a student of he University
who has done extensive collecting of Acarina and has furnisl

writer in most cases with mounted specimens; Mr. C. A. Hart ystem-

R. D. Glasgow and H. Glasgow, both students

meeo a Student. Mr. J. J. Davis. assi

4 L. ra Bays A
’ 2 Yes Ae _ SASSY
has aided the writer both in collecting climens and in observations
upon their habits.
Dr. S. A. Forbes haskindly permitted author to work 1
collections of the State Laboratory of ry. Type

aoe ait 2 ge. el : :
mens of the species described have been ed in theState
C J2 2d LA Lit vod mH

Oratory of Natural History.

They are

are broadly united, often
tween the two; the eyes wh

are seldom more

rauauth sea Sn ‘s “~ sg ox tg os ea eas
and growtn is aided by a series of molts.
f ero Taranna 7. a e 4 aT 7 4
To most persons the Acar na al IS WT), /
ception of a few of > larges orms and perhaps sor
aracitinr } ite 5 = , -
pal @sSitic hadits. Se a & us Wich @& ALG EX, G4!
: + 4° cha ama a <) i ale 7 oe: =
gO under the name of "bugs." the itic mi
ularly know 2] ap
ariy Known C aQlistinction shoul
+ho a so aia + _ ~
tween the mit ce which belong to the c
ong +t the
PP 4 ar > Se vee =< > ears S =] }
Often these two kinds of par are ltound side py §&
Same animal. By means of a hand lens the lice : b

Acarina

oo ee

Insecta

~
ee ‘od 5

Perhaps

The common dog

these mites,
common "chicken

family

having 5 antenn
nNaving no anten

INTRODUCTION.

order Acarina of lass
LTOLLOWS. noe / >i (le OR ar

naé

11nh Qa ee a i. an]
much economic CEs e)
mites re x they @ He =
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adifferent

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Fige We

Damaeus nitens C.h. Koch. Dorsal view, x yo,
CPhoto by the author) 3

ing and discomfopftees by burrowin

~ + + ln lL, aa7 i+ - + ’ mY y :
of the harvest mite-- a large,red mi
Nurserymen often find that the
a + hora + hae lac
gY eat numpers oi small CLUDE YrCLICS 0

¢ < . ¢ +} a acy as - " - 4. }
gaiis; these are often due to the

mite—- an eriophyid.
There are mites commonly c: ed

running about upon flowers. They a

It is true that these br

Bana ; a Thi et 7 oy ah } 7
scabies," which is caused by a smal.
earcoptidae; these mites duce an

into the skin.

Farmers and

On their backs frc

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Man beings.

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The skin of swine

‘ fit oa a i ee Porming ema? AN 4
Skin of cattle, forming small, round

often collect in great numbers upon

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A BRIEF HISTORY of the MORE IMPORTANT

LITERATURE RELATIVE to the ACARINA.

The study of the Acarina dates back to the time of Linnaeus.
He treated the whole group as a single genus. De Geer* in 1778 was
the first to make ap lassif ication of the order. G. Cuvier, in 1798
and Lamarck in 1801 both made a systematic study of the Acarina.
Tatreille, 1795 to 1829, did much towards the classification of the
mites and made many of our present genera. About this time also
Hermann did much to further the knowledge of these minute Arachnida.

C. von Heyden in 1828 made some revolutionary changes in the
Classification, few if any of which remain today.

Although all these writers did much towards stimulating an ine
terest in the subject, yet the field was practically unexplored une
til in 1835-41, when C. L. Koch published his extended work* upon
the crustaceans, the myriapods and arachnids of his country.

The work of C. L. Koch was and is yet one of the most extensive
Kind, but his collections were largely con
borhood and he failed to distinguish the adult from the nymphal and
larval forms and in some cases made two or three species out of the
Same nymph at different ages; although he gave no classification or
descriptions of genera in his work, still it was for years the most
extensive publication dealing with the entire order. At abou
time A. Dughs+ ee et ee

. ges+, and several years later H. Nicolet *, did important
: ee : é :
Mémoires pour servir a l'hist.nat.des insectes, Stockholm, 1778.
Deutschlands crustaceen,miriapoden und Arachniden. Regensburg,

1835-41.

+ Recherches sur l'ordre des Acariens. Ann.Sci.Natur. (2),
§ Histoire Naturelle des Acariens qui se trouvent aux Env
Paris. Archiv.du Museum, vol.7, 1855.

work. The latter author gave us an extensive knowledge of the in-
ternal anatomy of the "beetle mites."

M. H. Furstenberg™ in 1861 published an important work on the
itch mites.

P. Megnin made extensive studies of the habits and life histories
of mites. In 1876 he published a monograph of the Gamasidae* Megnin
and A. D. Michael of England decided the long unsettled question as
to the relation of the Hypopi mites to the Tyroglyphidae. They showed
conclusively that the Hypopus is a normal and natural stage in the
life history of the Tyroglyphus, for the purpose of migration.

Dr. L. Koch pursued an extended research upon the arctic fauna
and in 1879 published an important work t in which he added many new
species.

C. J. Neuman in 1880 published his work on the Swedish Hydrache
nidae % The work contains over one hundred pages and is well il-
lustrated with colored plates. Ludwig Karpeller, about 1880, did
much systematic work on the various families.

Mr. A. D. Michael

in 1883-87 published his well known work on

the English Oribatidae, and while the author does not assume that it

—=

is a monograph yet no where has this work been excelled in either
completeness or exactness.

G. Canestrini has given us the most comprehensive systematic

** : ;
work of any of the acarologists. His werk, treating of all the

Om OS oe we we = 6 ee

*Die Kratzmilben der Menchen und Thiere. Leipzig, 1861.
Monographie de la Famille des Gamasides, Jour.de Anat.et Physio.
1876, pp. 288-336, pls. 7-8. :
+Arachniden aus Gibirien und Novaja Seneja.Rongl.Sven.Vet.-Akad.
Handb.,vol. 16, No.5, Stockholm, 1879. r
§ Om Sveriges Hydrachnider, Kong Svenska Veten.- Akad.Handb.,
Wel.17, No.3, 1880.
British Oribatidae. Roy-.Society, vol.1 and 2.
**Prospetto dell' Acarofauna Italiana. 1885-1897.

dealing with a certain family or families. All the parts are well
illustrated.
The Dutch Acarina have been worked up by Dr. A. C. Oudemans, who

has published his works in several parts*.

Mr. A. Berlese has continued the work of Canestrini upon the
: eer A ae eee
Italian Acarina and has published many important works.
7 ; LS oS att SS a - el oe
In 1905 he published a monograph? of the genus Gamasus.

In 1898 Professor A. Nalepa gave an excellent review of the
Briophyidae. in the same year A. D. Michael reviewed the Oribatidae.
The water mites have been worked up by Dr. R. Piersig and Dr.

"i : Ok ae ae ea ay
H. Lohmann who divide the two families of the

seven genera.

th
1. Tragardh monographed the arctic Acarina in 1904.

In 1901 and 1903 Mr. Michael completed his work on the British

Tyroglyphidae; it was published in two volumes.
ty 0giypniaae,

Many other workers might be mentioned, but I will only give the
names of a few and then passto the history of the literature in
America. Among some of the more prominent European acarologists

might be mentioned?R. Moniez, A. L. Donnadieu, Bases, KE. Ehlers,

2 . * he ea a cad > ,
P. Gervais, A. Murray, E. Nordenskivld, C. Normer, E. Trouessar and

others.

*List of Dutch Acari.Tijdsch. voor Entom. ,vols.39=40, 1896-97
and supplements, vol. 43-45, 1900-02.

+t Acari, Miyriopoda et Scorpiones Nucusque in Italia reperta.
Patovia 1880- .

4 Monografia del Genere Gamasus Latr. Redia, vol.3.

GDas Tierreich. Lief.4, Eriophyidae, 1898.

( Das Tierreich. Lief. 3, Oribatidae, 1898.

** Das Tierreich Lief. 13, Hydrachnidae una Halacaridae, 1901.

*k*k Monographie der arktichen Acariden. Inaugural-Dissertation,
1904.

In America the history of the literature is brief. The species
best known and about which there is the most literature are those

Fr
ivi

of economic importance. ost of the literature relative to these
species may be found in the reports and bulletins of the various
States and of the United States Department of Agriculture.

The following persons hi&ve added much to the general literature
of the order: Professor Wolcott, Dr. Koenike, and Miss Marshall in
the Hydrachnidae; Dr. Haller and Professor Tyrrell in the Analgesidae
Professor Neumann in the Ixodidae; Professor Garman in the Eriophy-
idae and Mr. Banks in various families.

Mr. Banks has recently written treati

$ 4 tS aa ee q sat fs, S| om mY 4 7 ee “ = La
he gives an excellent classification of the genera of Acarina.

=. =o o> =e =o ce = = oe

*A Treatise on the Acarina or Mites. Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus., vol.28
PP. 1-144,

MITES.

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attention mites may be ker alive for months in

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bag with the few pieces of bark and are taken to the laboratory.

4 ’ rt fo oh, - on te So a Bees ie, = .
In this condition the acar LOS Wet L2ve O} seyV c 1wayVSsS ana ili

wm a | i
vy + + .S 1LuUC se i. Y @
1. ASI 4 > 4 & ‘
t quanti es. 1 Bt 4 mor 1 ¢ Y

are ed below. This "wholesale" ; od é i m :
aS Fae iy yb) = a . - 5) 5
and otwuner smail a) thy OpOaE Ss very servic Ge wnen a large n
5 na g nur I

7 + — Tilo rented tao see ol ota os gn Fees +
iength, and piacing one of these short sectioyr

+hijcg mad P=
wiLbliAp Lucy a e al

food.

Il,

The advantage of having the cel
the creatures may be easily studied with the « pound wthicy cop
without opening up the cell and giving the m

When large forms are kept in small vials for ; dying
histori es, all the observations must be tak V th a hand lens ; ne
ieéss the mite happens to be on the side of the vial, in which case

the compound microscope can be used by placing the vial horizontal-

METHODS of KILLING, MOUNTING,
and

PRESERVING SPECIMENS.

Several methods may be used with success in mounting and pre-
serving mites, depending upon the size and character of the speci-
mens. If it is desirable to mount specimens on microscope slides
one of the following media may be used: Canada balsam, glycerine
jelly, a mixture of glycerine and dilute acetic acid, or, better yet,
a mixture of half and half glycerine jelly and commercial glacial
acetic acid. Canada balsam is much the best for the larger forms
with a heavily chitinized integument, and where it is not desirable
to preserve the natural colors of the specimen; it has proved very
Successful in mounting Gamasidae, Ixodidae, and the adult Oribatidae.
If balsam is used as a mounting medium for the soft, thin-skinned
forms they soon become so transparent that it is very difficult. te
make out the smaller structures. Glycerine jelly is very serviceable
in mounting the larger forms when it is desired to keep the original
color of the creature, but unless the integument is rather thick,
Specimens mounted in glycerine jelly will shrivel up and the legs
will contract and fold under the body. A mixture of glycerine and
dilute acetic acid is a splendid preserving medium. By regulating
the proportions of each a mixture may be obtained that will neither
shrink or swell the tissues. It is too thin a liquid to make a good
Mounting medium for microscope slides. Last and most important of
@ll is a mixture of about equal partsof glycerine jelly and glacial
acetic acid. This mixture when kept in a corked bottle is a rather

thick liquid, but when left exposed to the air it sets in a similar

Way to that of glycerine jelly when it cools from a melted condition.

I find that with thismixture the most delicate and transparent
creatures may be successfully mounted without danger of shrinking
or of becoming so transparent that the finer outlines are obscured.
it is an excellent medium for such soft forms as the Sarcoptidae,
Tyroglyphidae, Demodicidae, and the young of many of the larger,
harder forms.

if specimens are intended to be mounted in Canada balsam, they
may first be killed in hot alcohol, or in hot water, either causes
the appendages to become extended. The next process is dehydration,
and it is very important that all the water is out of the tissues
before they are placed in a clearing agent. If specimens are killed
in water, they may be placed in 70 per.cent. alcohol and left for
two or three hours and then placed in absolute alcohol for at least
three or four hours. Specimens killed: in commercial alcohol are at
once placed in absolute alcohol.

If the specimens have not been well dehydrated, when they are
placed in the clearing agent the legs will often fold in under the
body and necessitate the remounting of the specimen. This is bee
Cause clearing agents like xylol, oil of cloves, oil of bergamot, eta
are not miscible with water and the presence of only a small quanti-
ty causes a distortion of the muscles of the legs and the conse-
Quent flexing of the same. The specimens are now taken from the
absolute alcohol and placed in the clearing solution, preferably
Oil of bergamot, for two to six hours. While they are in the clear-
ing reagent if any of the legs need straightening out, they may be
Straightened by means of a camel's hair brush. I prefer placing
the specimen back downwards on a glass slide under a dissecting mi-
cCroscope and by adding a very slight amount of balsam, stick the

legs into the position desired. A little oil of bergamot must be

added occasionally to keep the specimen from becoming dry. After

all the legs have been extended in "spread eagle" fashion, the mite
may be either mounted directly in balsam or returned to the oil of
bergamot to be mounted later. If it is to be mounted at once, a
drop of balsam is now placed in the center of the slide and the
specimen with about a drop of the clearing reagent adhering to it
is transferred with a camel's hair brush to the balsam on the slide,
and a small cover glass is lowered upon the balsam and centered.
Specimens intended for glycerine jelly mounts are killed in
6ither hot alcohol, dilute acetic acid or hot water; or if it is
convenient, the live specimen may be placed directly into a drop or
more of glycerine jelly on the microscope slide, and the cover glass
added at once. The weight of the cover glass and the struggles of
the mite will often cause the legs to become extended in fine shape.
If the specimens have been killed in any of the former mentioned
reagents they are next placed in glycerine from which they are soon
taken and placed on the middle of the slide. About a drop of gly-
cerine usually adheres to the specimen during this process, which
has the advantage of avoiding the introduction of air bubbles when
the warm, melted glycerine jelly is added. Usually it is best to
let the glycerine jelly set before placing the cover glass; while it
is setting the specimen may be kept in the desired position by the
use of a small bristle or by means of a camel's hair brush. After
the glycerine jelly has set and fixed the creature in the desired
position the cover glass is warmed very gently just enough to
melt the upper part of the jelly and then it is placed in position.
Of course it is necessary toring glycerine jelly mounts with some

Suitable substance as zinc, cement, asphalt, etc.

Where soft specimens like the Tyroglyphidae or Tarsonemidae are

to be mounted, glycerine jelly will not do as a medium, for it will
nearly invariably cause the shrinkage and distortion of the mites.
A mixture of glycerine and dilute acetic acid may be used. This
mixture is a rather thin liquid and is most serviceable when con-
Cave or sunken slides are used, because when the mixture is placed
in the sunken part of the slide it does not flow about too much.
Specimens are killed in the same way for mounting in the mixture of
glycerine and dilute acetic as for mounting in glycerine jelly.

Of the various mounting media with which I have experimented by
far the best for the small, delicate forms is the mixture of about
equal parts of glycerine jelly and glacial acetic acid. Specimens
may be killed in dilute acetic acid, or in ninety-five per.cent.
alcohol and at once placed in the glycerine jelly acetic mixture on
the microscope slide. After the cover glass has been placed, the
Slides must be set aside for about three or four hours; by this
time the glycerine jelly will have set around the edges of the cover
glass and is firm enough to be ringed with zinc cement or some other
Suitable substance.

Besides microscopical mounts it is desirable to have specimens
unmounted. Specimens in bottles may be preserved in any of the come
mon preserving fluids. Dilute acetic acid, (10 per.cent. glacial
acetic) makes a good preservative, preserving the tissues well and °
not changing the natural colors. A mixture of acetic acid and
glycerine is excellent; the addition of the glycerine both prevents
too great swelling of the tissues and also clears up the tissue so
as to enable one to make out the structures very clearly.

Dry mounts,such as are generally made of insects, are sometimes

serviceable.

THE CLASSIFICATION
of the

HIGHER GROUPS OF ACARINA.

The group to which the mites belong is now consideredby most
authordto be an order, although several writers in the past have
maintained that the group should be regarded as class. Of recent
years there has been much advance in the classification of the Ac-
a@rina, due largely to our more thorough knowledge of the internal
anatomy and the life histories of the various smaller natural groups
into which the order seems to fall. It has only been in the last
fifty years that a very satisfactory classification of the higher
groups would have been possible. A classification based upon such
works as C. L. Koch's "Deutschlands Crustaceen, Miriapoden und
Arachniden" would be greatly in error, for in the days of that great
acarologist practically nothing was known of either the internal
anatomy, the physiology or the life histories of the acarids and
indeed even little about the habits of these interesting creatures.

The first attempt at a classification of the Acarina was made
by De Geer in 1778, who arranged them into seven divisions. As a
basis for his classification he seems to have considered their habe
its exclusively. He divided them into the following subgroups:

Mites found in provisions.
Mites which attack men and quadrupeds.
Mites which live on birds.
Mites which live on other insects.
Mites found on trees and vegetables.
Wandering mites.
Aquatic mites.

In 1806 Latreille gave an important classification of the

genera

of Acarina, but unfortunately he often considered the larva as a-
dults. His classification was a great advance over that of De Geer,
for he took into account the morphology as well as the habits of
the creatures.

C. von Heyden in 1828 divided the mites into three groups which
he called Legions and these again into smaller groups called Phal-

anges. His classification was based upon morphology.

M. H. Nicolet in 1855 divided the whole group into two main di-
Visions: the Terrestrial mites and the Water mites; today this divi-
sion is commonly accepted, and indeed acarologists find themselves
separated into two almost distinct schools, those who study the land
mites and those who study the water mites, and seldom do their
fields of labor overlap.

Owing to a greater advance in knowledge of the internal anatomy,
Dr. P. Kramer, in 1877, gave a very interesting andlin ideed valuable
Classification of the Mites using the variations or the absence of
the tracheal system as his chief criterion.

Extending this scheme somewhat and using the variations of the
openings of the tracheae, Professor Canestrini# in 1899 gave us the
following important classification.

I. ASTIGMATA.

1. VERMIFORMIA.
a. Poytoptidae.
2- SARCOPTINA.
a. Canestrinidae.
b. ae
II. HYDRACARINA.

# Prospetto Dell? Acarofauna italiana Padova. Part VIII. 1899.

IIl1. PROSTIGMATA.
1. TROMBIDINA.
a. Tarsonemidae.
b. Cheyletidae.
c. Erythraeidae.
d. Tetranychidae.
e. Raphignatidae.
f. Eupodidae.
g- Bdellidae.
h. Alychidae.
i. Rhyncholophidae.
j- Trombididae.
IV. CRYPTOSTIGMATA.
b. Nothridae.
V. METASTIGMATA.

oo ae ae ee

d. Dermanyssidae.
Canestrini's classification is undoubtedly one of the best of
the modern writers and it forms the basis for much of our system-
atic work today.

Mr. Banks” in 1904 gave an excellent classification of the Ace

arina; he divides the order into eight superfamilies and these again

into twenty-six families. He has based his classification upon both
biological and morphological characters, giving each about equal
weight.

In giving the following classification of the Acarina, I have
endeavored to be very conservative and also to give full weight to
both biological and morphological characters. I have divided the
order first into ten superfamilies and these again into twenty-seven
families.

SUPERFAMILIES OF ACARINA.
1. Living on land--------------- 2.
Living in water ---~- HYDRACHNOIDEA. :
2. Abdomen annulate; often with but four legs--- DEMOD#COIDEA.
Abdomen not annulate; adults always with eight legs--~ 3.
5. With a large, dentate hypostome; skin leathery; large forms,
usually parasitic on mammalse---~- IXODOIDEA.
Hypostome small or absent; skin either soft or chitinized, not
leathery---4.
4. A distinct spiracle on a lateral stigmal plate above the third
or fourth coxae; usually parasitic----- GAMASOIDBA.
Without any distinct spiracle on a stigmal plate in this part
of the bodyen-=-------- 5,

5. With specialized seta arising fro

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lateral corner of cephalothorax; adults usually with hard chitinous
integument------- --- ORIBATOIDEA.

No specialized seta on eo piaie thorac: integument soft or only
chitinized in places --------- - 6.

6. Palpi small, of three segments; body entire; adult forms often

TE a

Palpi composed of four or five segments; body usually divided

14,

20,

into cephalothorax and abdomen; adults rarely parasitic---~- 8.

7. With tracheae; females possessing a prominent clavate organ
between legs I and II; small forms.------ TARSONEMOIDEA.

Without tracheae; females without clavate organ between legs
I and II; forms usually larger ------- SARCOPTOIDEA.

8. Palpi very large and either geniculate or ending in powerful
claws for grasping prey; cephalothorax large; body with few hairs--
e--~= CHEYLETOIDEA.

Palpi usually smaller, never geniculate or fitted for grasping
prey,usually bearing a free "thumb" near the distal end; cephalo-
thorax usually smaller; body generally well clothed with hairs---9.

9. Coxae contiguous; arranged in radiate fashion --- ERYTHRAEOIDEA.

Coxae arranged in two groups, not radia -<-=-=- TROMBIDOIDEBA.

It may appear to some acarologists that the raising of the family
of Tarsonemidae to a superfamily is unjustified; but considering the
fact that they possess tracheae whereas the forms which are often
closely associated with them (Sarcoptidae, Tyroglyphidae, etc.) do
not possess tracheae; and also that they have such an amaz ing method
of reproduction, make it, I think, fully j

letidae with the Bdellidae

for the following reasons. Both the Bdelli .e and Cheyletidae are

See

Predaceous in their habits. The strong palpal claws of the Chey-
letidae may be considered as comparable to the similar palpal claws
found in the genera Scirus and Eupalus; furthermore in both these
genera the mandibles end in a claw, which is a characteristic of
the Cheyletidae.

Mr. Banks in his classification placed all those forms which
have a distinct "thumb" to the palpus into one superfamily called

sod ab

Trombidoidea; I have divided this group into two groups based upon

the arrangement of the coxae.
I give the following as a classification of the families of the
Acarina.

SYNOPSIS of FAMILIES.

E
DEMODZCOIDEA.

E
With eight short legs, of three segments each ----=- DEMOD¢CIDAE.
With four legs, of five segments each -------- ERIOPHYIDAE.
IDODOIDEA.

Scutum present and sometimes ventral shields ---- - IXODIDAR.

scutum absent and no ventral shield present ------ ARGASIDAE.

GAMASOIDEA.
1. First pair of legs inserted within same opening as the mouth
parts; dorsum of body extending forwards and hiding the mouth parts
from above------~---------- UROPODIDAE.

First pair of legs inserted at one side of mouth opening; no

Rarely parasitic on vertebrates; mandibles usually chelate---

GAMASIDAE.

ORIBATOIDEA.
1. Cephalothorax hinged to abdomen and capable of being folded
down on the ventral surface of the same -------~- HOPLODERMIDAR.
Cephalothorax anchylosed to abdomen --------~---- otes ain oe eee

2. Abdomen with chitinous wing-like expansions ---- ORIBATIDAE.

Abdomen without wing-like @xpansions <-------~---.. NOTHRIDAE.

Hind legsof female ending in long hairs ---------TARSONEMIDAE.
Hind legs of female ending in claw and caruncle -------------<-

PEDICULOIDIDAE.

SARCOPTOIDEA.
1. Genital suckers usually present; skin without fine parallel
lineS ---- -<<---------- = Hee ewww ene (wee ee ne ee eo re
Genital suckers absent; skin with fine parallel lines ---- 3.
2. Clavate hair present on tarsi of legs I and II; seldom para-
sitic ----- alee hela athe atatetetetetetals fe ee ee ee ene TYROGLYPHIDAE.

No clavate hair on tarsi of legs I and 11; parasitic on in-

S@CtS -<------- ~~~ eH ee ee ee ee --- meee een nn eee CANESTRINIDAE.
5. Living on the feathers of birds ----- -=-a-n-anam ANALGESIDAE.

Found in living tissue or clinging to hairs of mammals ----4.

4. With specially adapted apparatus for clinging to hairs of mame

MalS ---~~--------<<-<2 - eee en ene ee ee ee eee ee ~ = - - LISTROPHORIDAR.
Without such gpecially adapted apparatus -----------.--... Bis
5. Vulva longitudinal --<-----~--.----~-~~---~---- CYTOLEICHIDAE.
Vulva transverse =------- emer eee nme emcee ene SARCOPTIDAER.
CHEYLETOIDEA.
1. Palpi geniculate; mandibleschelate -~------------ BDELLIDAR.
Palpi not geniculate; mandibles not chelate ----~---------- 2,

2. Palpi small and ending in a claw; cephalothorax with four long
bristles above, one pair in front and one pair behind---EUPALIDAR.
Palpi enormously enlarged, with several claws, and a small pae-

Pilla Seer re SS SS SSCS SSS SSC SSO SF | ww See Se SS Eee HK eK eS SSE ee CHEYLETIDAE.

ERYTHRAEOIDEA.

Legs I and II with processes bearing large spines; integument

with several shields --<<+<-<<<<<-<<n-ee een n nena CAECULIDAE.
Legs I and II without processes or spines; integument without

acs celia ima ws Wem aaicihdiels aie aaa wie ERYTHRAEIDAE.

TROMBIDOIDEA.
1. Last segment of palpus never forming a thumb to the preceding
segment ------~- <A a a eo ee = ee mee 5 EUPODIDAE.

Last segment of palpus forming a distinct thumb to the preced-

ing segment ----------<<-<--8e eH een = ee pom Qe
2. Mandibles chelate (for biting) --------------- TROMBIDIDAE.
Mandibles styliform -------<---n---1- ene n wen een nee ee eee en nG,

5. Body clothed with many fine hairs; tarsi usually swollen; a
dorsal groove usually present -<<-<--<+-+---eee---=- RHYNCHOLOPHIDAE.

Body with fewer long hairs; tarsi never swollen; no dorsal

BYOOVE -nn- weenie en ee ee eee eee ~~~ = THETRANYCHIDAE.
HYDRACHNOIDEA.
Mouth parts situated upon a distinct beak; marine forms ------
*
HALACARIDAE.

Mouth parts not situated upon a beak; generally fownd in fresh
Water o---------~- ++ ee ee eee Pee eee eee nee eee nee = HYDRACHNIDAR.

The grouping of the first four families as given here is general-
lyhecepted at present. I have followed Banks' classification of
the Gamasoidea, as I believe it cannot be improvedupon with our pres-

ent knowledge of the subject.

The superfamily Oribatoidea, I make equal to the old family of
Oribatidae as described by Michael? and this superfamily I have di-

vided into three families following both Mr. Banks' and Canestrini's

divisions. Mr. Banks divided the "beetle mites" (Oribatidae) into

two families because of the difference in the way in which the ce-

-_———

as a basis for such a division the fact that some of the individuals
had wing-like expansionsto the abdomen and others did not have such
expansions. Michaeli# recognized this division in his first works on
this group and called those forms which possessed the abdominal
wings the Pterogasterinae and those which did not, the Apterogas-
ternae. Later in 1898 he divided the latter subfamily into six sub-
families which division undoubtedly h ad much ground for justifi-
cation because of the adding of many new genera to the group with
very marked structural peculiarities.

Undoubtedly the fact that the Hoplodermidae (of this paper and
other writers) have the cephalothorax movably attached to the abdo-
men, together with such other points as their compressed instead of
depressed body; enormous instead of reduced mouth parts; imperfectly
instead of well chitinized integument, would at once separate them
from all other members of this group.

As regards the two divisions I have made of the forms which
have the cephalothorax anchylosed to the abdomen, I realize that
there is some objection due largely to the fact that some of the
Species of the genus Notaspis Herm. have the anterior corners of the
abdomen slightly projecting, which projection some authors might

make homologous to the true pteromorphae or wings.

# British Oribatidae, vol. 1, p.64.

2 Me,

gen. Hypochthonius C.L.Koch) which have a transverse suture to the
from the rest of the family; however, I have hesitated to do so in
this paper.

By making a superfamily out of the old family Tarsonemidae, it
appeared to me as legitimate to raise the two subfamilies Tarsone-
minae and Pediculoidinae of some authors to the rank of families.

The divisions of the superfamily Sarcoptoidea have been left as
given by Banks.

The reasons for creating the superfamily Cheyletoidea have been
given (page ). Ihave divided the Bdellidae of most authors
into two families, the division being based upon a fundamental
Structural difference of) the palpi; all the Bdellidae of this paper
having geniculate palpi, not fitted for grasping prey; the Eupalidae
not having geniculate palpi, but having palpi armed with strong
claws for catching prey.

The association of the Eupodidae with the Tetranychidae and
Trombididae is not entirely satisfactory to myself, but being unable
to improve upon it I will let it stand. he division of the watere-
mites into the familiesHalacaridae and Hydrachnidae is now commonly

accepted.

LIFE HISTORIES.

The life histories vary greatly in the different groups of Ac-

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arina. In most casesfthe offspring come from eggs,
the female, but in some cases they hatch inside the body of the mother
The larva after undergoing one or more molts usually reach the adult

state, yet there are some exceptions to this. Beginning with th

lowest forms, as the Eriophyidae, a short account of the life histor-
ies of some of the more important families will
Cases the accounts given are based upon the observations of the writ-
er, in a few cases they are based upon the studies of others.

The Eriophyidae are very small Scarina, with only four legs,

=| ) J +har RAAannNna ward rata rAsA A ye = Taner uahitle ag 3m
and for this and other reasons were re Paragea Lor a iong Whiie as ime

carers CE Re : 7 7 - = os 4 = ~,+ “ £ = =
mature forms. Dujardin in 1851 decided that hey were mature forms

lived objects which he took to be eggs. Dujardin's conclusions have

been confirmed by many subsequent workers and the life history of

the Eriophyidae is well known at present. MThe of the Eriophy-
ae “eat” Manan ey sae ees de

idaeé are laid upon the leaves of plants, and are large eggs to be

daid by such small acarids. Upon hatching, give rise to the

larvae which are without tarsal appendages. The larva then molts into

@ nymph which has the appendages to the tarsi and resembles the adult

forms. The adult form is reached after four molts, ginning with
the larva.

The Sarcoptidae, which are parasitic, deposit their eggs after
burrowing into the dermis of the skin of mammals. The female after

depositing her eggs dies in the skin of the animal and the eges hatch
into six-legged larvae. The larvae molt several times, sometimes as

many as four, andgive rise to the adult forms. The adults at once

poy

pair and soon these females burrow into the skin.

The Tyroglyphidae, of which the "cheese mit is a good repr
sentative, have a somewhat more interesting life history and are from
@ biological point of view perhaps as important a family as any in
the entire class Ara Arachnida Some of these mites assuming a form re-
Markably different from either the nymph or the adult, in order tc
Slang tO passing beetles, flies, etc. This is a provision of natures
for ensuring a wide distribution of the offspring. The adult female
Tyroglyphidae lay eggs which upon hatching produce six-iegged larvae.
The larvae molt once and produce the first eight-legged nymph. The
nymph thus produced may take one of the two following courses, depend-

ing, according to some authors, largely upon the dryness of the ate

= ‘ee en, | 13 rect] Sepia chen ianaatl vanes.) AE el Pes OO Ie By Pence
mosphere: it may develop directly, with a series of molits, into the

adult stage, or it may take a much more complicated course involving
the Hypopus stage. The Hypopus is a form entirely different from the

nymph. Its skin is hard and chitinous; its legs are short and not

well adapted for walking

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dJarge area filled with suckers. By means of these suckers the Hy-
popus attaches itself to some insect and may be carried a long dis-
tance before becoming detached. I examined a large pile of rotting
Straw and weeds on the University farm and found scor
Hypopi. A basket full of the material was taken to the laboratory
and examined. Nearly every insect that was found in the material had
one or more, Hypopi attached to it.

The fact that the Hypopus is a stage in the life history of the
Tyroglyphidae was finally settled as stated on page by Megiin and
Michael. Michael demonstrated by actual dissection the presence of
the Hypopus inside the nymph case of Glyciph

all the first nymphs pass through the Hypopus stage and not all the

Hypopi emerge from the old nymphal cases; some may

stage therein and emerge after the next ecdysis as more adul

‘

It would appear from this that the Hypopus stage is dying out.
supposition is further supported by the fact, as shown by Michael,

that in Glyciphagus domesticus there is no complete formation of a

Hypopus, but only of a protoplasmic mass, having the shape of a Hy-

popus but no legs and showing no movement.

The Gamasicae are oviparous. The eggs upon hatching produce

Six-legged larvae as is usually the case with most mites. The firs

Nymph which appears has shields on its body, but after one or more
at the vmoh becomes more nearlv like the adult form which is
mo S$ tne n map VeECcComes More 4LG Gi sy boa S LiILeS aqgdulLt A GAL © MS dS 5 Wiidt ULL 1 Pes

- + a er 4. 1» LIA ee nA tee Ara Sh 2 Woo 1.) die io alll a Lh A lay «ej os
usua lily attained after three molts bh eginning ith the larval state.

* a | i ee Sn es Te ees Te veh ER ee DER eG Fe eae NE a
Some of the Dermanyssidae are peculiar in that upon hatching

there is produced an eight-legged nymph.
In the Uropodidae the nymphs are often attached to insects for
—_—_—_—_—_—————_—=
the purpose of transportation. They are seldom parasitic, as was
formerly supposed, but are attached by a small pedicel which arises
from the region of the anus and is composed of excrement. Mr. C. A.

Hart of the State Laboratory of Natural History has given me a small

* beetle which is entirely covered with these creatures
; 5) = fae Se h aaavenres = oF ee So ae Sn be MG |
@ach adhering entirely by means of the pedicel.
None of the other Acarina present a life-history more interest-

bede
m
4

4 Poe ee 1
st than that of some

ing to the biologi

species of this family which are quite

common in America also, have a remarkable life history. These are
Pediculoides ventricosus and Pediculoides graminum. The adult male

and female of Pediculoides are entirely different in form and

ure, as previously descri

The unfertilized female of our American species

Msually she cannot be seen with the naked eye, being about 0.22 mn.

in length. The eggs of the female are never laid, but undergo de-

pee)
£2
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.

velopment inside the As this development goes on the abdo-
men becomes greatly distended; in time the fema nes § burdened
with the developing eggs that she is unable to crawl. Thi ondition
is followed by an increasing expansion of the body walls until the
death of the mother results and the integument of n only the abdo-
men but the whole body bursts loose from the internal tissues and
forms a large sack containing the developing eggs. After this pro-
céss of swelling has reached its greatest extent only the tips of the

appendages of the parent mite can be seen projecting from the enore-

mously enlarged mas

asalh ~ eA eSnanraa P<) i iarra a + ha
Wwnicn 18 many scores or times larger tnan tne

the dead mother, and

; 1 , Pao sme nt * + + * - ny , dehy caer ainiestes a
attain their full development; it been reported t ley use the
1 LP mw on sm ol
body of the mother for food.
Perhaps nowhere in the animal kingdom does the function of ree

n oa 4. oF we +m an wet te dn Loe mba Devecl aaa A aes a of? mf
production necessitate a greater sacrifice from the mother of off-

4 3 Vy a yb ay wy se al = = Q 7 7
spring. We know of other in which it causes the death of the
are nt b t + a +hea 1Aa9 th Sa aeitaw ana a ay ah > + +1 A
p ut nere tne deatn is Si0OW ana § ar pernaps To the a
Di 8 v é

by the growth of a tumor; the abdomen is

ate annie ate
J I g Ns of tne

body are displaced, and tissues torn. The mother leaves her

{

o)
y

for the habitation of the ungrateful offspring. In it they reach

maturity, select their mates and make a feast from the flesh
of the one who gave them birth at her own life.
In P. ventricosus (according n comes

swollen with developing

back, living parasitically upon his unfortunate mate, awaiting the

birth of young females which when born j

istic feast. After the male has fertilized the young females he too

»~
»

meets death, while they leave their mother, to share aft

fate similar to hers.

The Oribatidae as a rule are oviparous, though some are ovovi-

parous and others viviparous. The young upon hatching are six-legged
larvae and entirely different from the hard shelled adult. The &

nymphs of these “beetle mites" are among the prettiest and most dec-

Orated of the Acarina. They bear little or no resemblance to the ma-

ture forms and are often highly colored and may possess large, ex-

panded, feather-like bristles arranged radially, producing a beautie-

ful effect, in no way sug common, homely, dark brown adult,
The larvae of the Bdellidae look remarkabyly like the nymphs

and adults except they have only six legs. The nymphs are similar to

the adults in size and appearance.

The Tetranychidae lay a great number of eggs, usually upon

‘ ee S

+ my > ee | | ey = = aes ae: = ay ee | zi
leaves of plants or under bark. The eggs are often about as large

as the larvae. The larvae upon hatching are six-legged as usual and

a se

be — i) Winn t - mA +34 Wty do ty om 4 A . 1 ;
Suggest somewhat the nymphal condition, but the body is shorter and

the legs and mouthparts are less developed than in the nymph. The

& te od Wa do So

nymphs are similar to the adults except in color.

de , =) 4
the adults

of a species are red or orange the nymph will often be greenish yel-

wna? = — "5 5 + ay Oe eo
low. Several molts usually take e between the larval stage and

the adult stage.

, 5 3 e = - y = i x . 2 7
The Trombididae may lay a great number of eggs, which are usuale

ly stuck together in an agglutinated mass The larva when it hatche
attaches itself to the wings or body of. some insect and gorges itself
with food until it is several times its former size. when
to the ground and undergoes the final metamorphosis without molting

appearing soon as the adult.

The Ixodidae, or ticks, pair whil living on their hosts. The
female lays an enormous number of eggs, sometimes as many as 10,000,

upon the surface of the ground. The young upon hatching find thel

a |

way to some animal and attach themselves. After becoming distenaea
with blood, they drop to the ground and after a lew days are changed
by molting into the nymph stage. The nymph crawls up some bush or
other object and awaits the coming of a new host (often some domestic

animal) and when the opportunity comes it attaches itself as did the

larva and gets all the blood it can hold, when it lets go and fal

to the ground. Again it seeks concealment and this time molts into
the adult stage.

The larva of the Hydrachnidae are parasitic upon insects The
=< a es : a ~

short, stout palpi are oy which they attach them-
sleves to their host. swollen with food, the
transformation into the pupa state is begun. The adult mites emerge
and are free-swimming individuals.

~
“SS

EXTERNAL ANATOMY

The body in most Acarina is divided int< : «
part which bears the mouth parts, legs, and sometim
other organs of unknown function and a art oe ny
cases, apparently bears the two posteri
times large shoulde orist , and oft }
genital apparatus protruding from the ventr: de. T k Cs
are known as the cephalothorax and abdonr spi cee
marcation be th sphal orax and abd anno t : t
in all the genera. A 2 3 except the Eriophyidae : four
pairs of legs in 1 ad state.

THE CEPHALOTHORAX.

The cephalothorax usually occupies a c derab] sartion of the
body, extending, in mos ases, to between the second and third
pairs of legs. It is largest in t and
Tetranychidae, where it often e ls the abdomen in size. In the

and is a : ly hide

not demarcated from the

+ a he fk nian a 3 2 TTL, +
in other families. ihe c x. of 91 1 divided to an an=

Q a a | ~<P Ay = > = }
ne 1o7 it | L aeveioned nm tune anda
" 4 l 7 + 7 5
lattar hac . == ne Ve = < a e
LATTE nas no in D 1da s ana Toy LLS
reason the writer has avoided ueing ie oe : -
cas or VLE Writer nas avolaed using Gert Nn j vp

Fig. a

Seiulus hirsutus (eAcoc ty). Dorsal view xX yo,

Shows y large spines on posterior margin of abdomen
‘and bidactyle claws Situated on long tarsal pedicels,
Ceeeto by the “aiitwor ).

of the families. On the underside of the cephalo rax is situated
the oral cavity containing the mouth parts. ; : n prc ‘ted
above or below by a chitinous projection fron va. f ti cepha-

lothorax. These projections are called the me and hypost:

respectively. The form is well developed Gamasidae S
size and shape are very important characters which a ised in

description of species; the latt« is best developed in the Bdel-

Jidae where it forms a long shelf for the support ol! he enormous

me 2 ee

mandibles. Upon dorsal surface of the c 1a. aX i be
found one or more pairs eyes and in som pet 3 a xtra median
eye as in the genus Cyta. The posit 1 of th vari greatly
in the different groups. n the Bdel they are siti i,as a
rule, on the extreme postero-lateral aspect of the cephez h

while in other families, as

be situated upon stalks

erally they are s
are usually situated ver

In many of the families

and Gamasidae, there are

cephalothorax may

Cheyletidae, Eupo

Hoplodermidae and Nothridae have

em cae

* mPomtbe Pe br da ey | 7 . oe a 4} 3 RaT} 7 L-HhAY 5
large pore on each postero-lateral aspect of the cephalothorax,

which is called the organ. Many of the Oribatidae
and the Nothridae have one or more pairs of chitinous blade-like
expansions upon the dorso-lateral part of the dorso-vertex, these
are called the lamellae; besides these there may be sim r chitinow

expansions above the coxae of the first or the first n¢

pairs of legs, called the tectopedia. In the Hoplodermidae some-
times there is a median ridge present on the dorsal surtace « t he
cephalothorax known as the median carina. In the families Trombi-

diidae and Rhyncholophidae there is a prominent median groove which

may be expanded at either or both ends; this is rei red to as the
median groove. Its function is unknown. At the anterior end
this groove there is often a small swelling or tubercle. Near the

base of the beak or rostrum may be found in some species small horn-

&
7)
ré
lana]
’

Tr
C

like projections which the author has

Ixodidae have a hard, dorsal shield on the cephalothorax known as

the scutum. A somewhat similar shield may be found in scme of the

other mites.

MOUTH PARTS.

The mouth parts consist of the mandibles, the palpi, and some-
times one or more other parts known as maxillae and maxillary lip.
The mandibles vary greatly in size, , and function. In the
Gamasidac, Uropodidae, they are large,

=a a ay ee CN a AH Ae ate Fa oct (a eeteha Sit ool TD ant rae ooicdenl
chelate, and power ful and may be equa 1 to one-half the entire length

+ pad
of the body. In the Rhyncholophidae they are large but styli

being fitted for piercing. In many of the families the mandible

7} Q 17 a ri nats MK PP © =
are very small, as in the Oribatidae and Tars The Gam-
asidae, Uropodidae, Rhyncholophidae, and some other s have the
oe 2 Ths le | , 2 ie | + |
power of drawing the mandibles partially or wholly within the mouth

Opening so that they are invisible from the exterior

dad Vibe dm Ww a

Ve as

The palpi consist of several segments-- from thre:

pendages equal to the entire length of the body. In the

midae, Canestrinidae, Tyroglyphidae, Listrophoridae, and Sarcoptidae

Ww
“

)

the palpi are small and composed of thr: segments.

Bdellidae, Trombidiidae, Rhyncholophidae, and several other fam-

ilies they are large and usually composed of five segments. 1

P the alinuse maw @avin a “thumh"! +, ' ne Ene ALY z
last segment of the palpus may forma "thum I lin

ment as in the case in the Caeculidae, Erythraeidae, Tetrar dae,

ee eee a ——

Trombidiidae, and Rhyncholophidae. The last segment may in some

: Le eg ee ee er “eC pee eg Se, ea eve 3
cases, as in the Eupa) dae ana Cheyletidae, pea? arge claws | a

for grasping and holding prey. The penultimate segment may asc

have similar claws. Sometimes the palpi are geniculate, as
Erythraeidae and the Bdellidae. actile hairs are f tly
on the palpi especially at the tip of the last segment as in tne

dellidae.

The abdomen shows a variety of shapes in the different families.

It may be very large and long, as in the and
or short and relatively small, as in some of the\Tetranychidae.

In the Eriophyidae and Demodicidae the abdomen is peculiar in
being annulate. There are many rings around the abdomen which ap-
parently divide it into segments similar to those of Vermes. In

these families the a

to the other parts of the body, for it is several times as

ee 1 7 stent 1a === ~ ye = awn es a+ bhsa ~nAAman,T
long as the cephalothorax. There are no divisions of the abdomen.

7 a —— re = os hara maicatsy ela aaa an ata al exalted ew Se 7 eye Ae ~
Often the abdomen possesses hard, chitinous shields or plates, as
1 I ;

; 4 2 $a cred een’ wea' st) Tae ~ Pa tek AO ee Tie a A oT a: ea: ~ltaAas
in the families Gamasidae, Uropodidae, Oribatidac, and Hoploder-
ap <

ee —-- oes

; 4 < = in a PS = Sa a 7 5 = = ee, RA ee »
mMidae. Sometimes the dorsum is completely covered by such a chit-
4 18 his? urhni pl 5 7 3 “G sar | Tics : salenaseis Se Se ES
inous shield, which is called the dorsal plate. Upon the ventral

7 a . hea yahatia ) Af +&h near fami) 3 maw +"
surface in the Oribatidae and some of the other families may be

3 ‘Rees pe A AES Lo : ;
found a large chitinous plate which encloses the anal and sometime

the genital openings; this is called the ventral plate. Some’
there are two plates on the ventral surface of the abdomen, ti -
terior being called the genital plate and the

plate. In the Oribatidae, Nothridae and Hoplodermidae the ger

and anal openings are each provided with a pai hinged c nous

Plates called the genital and anal covers respectively. Oriba ae

differ from all other Acarina in having chitinous wing-like expan-

; . } h an ra Tipaa nt+a mArnha a hea lL wme . P 4.
sions to the abdomen, called pteromorphae. Thes ings 4) Tten

ri Cars § CTat
- -
o ner }
aif 2 oP Se! 2
~ nant ae a A 5 Pe ie | | PRS pe 4 Lh ln Vomaee ial =~ ) <a ~
&@ prominent pair of bristles Situated on the snouiders » KNOWN as
the shoulder bristles Ty 4-4 Sa _ = - 5 : 2
10 pfiQulsacy] VilStuicse ti ULISG Lema ics Af © ULC a L I Siw is
a S er ae 7 = = ie
ei ceadly Pedi CULOIGICAC, Vil @UGOMCN May oeccome enormously swoi i
eee ee eet S v J

with eggs.

o 7 UO tha nian ae era, = cae Woo es wa Tse : 2 Py
has followe UG Psan 0L ALWAYS CatiiNg tae Mos prl Oz iat SCP! nt

+e Tidawdéa 7 anne - x. — 24% 1 ~ T4454 t
9 CLS QALStal sé BMcne Uti té 3 5 = O 1 fl Thu Jt z u
Soe SS ee ae oe ee 4 aa maine he Pea Fl r
Ment tne tibla. Whe} € ViLGrS are Live Segment 50 tNe Leg I hav
Ld > SeCZmMents tc Ne i€gZ, nave
called the second se femur, and the middle segment the
genual.
A at Ye ae arin een ace om | cele yee a } :
In most or VAS cal ina tnere are SLAWS at ne ends of tn Larsile
7 | — [ss i ee é as _ = ae =
i nave called Meso tne Claws 3 Or ung ues ; and speai Or tH 1 as =
anodartiwzile hHhiaganertw +ridantrtwzyi - : i
ing monodactyle, bidactyle, tridactyle, oc tetradactyle, accordingly
J 445+)

Fig.3.

Taamasus (sp). Dorsal view, xyo. Shows large
mouth parts very slender anterior pair of legs and
Jarqe spine on left hind femur. (Photo by the author).

@s they are composed of one, two, three, or f separa :
The claws may be situated upon a small pedic

continuation of the tarsal segment and henc:

pedicel. Besides the claws there may be a sma pa lat
géction called the caruncle. In some families ;: f } di
without claws.

la 2 une 2) oe 4 | ee - es a - : : :
The simplest form of legs is found in the Demod dae wt

ae eo Ce
The legs of the Sarcoptidae a short and st and _ lia n
> az re es S Se . > E > , - - .
that UNney Possess bDesiaes a claw a lone pedicel » OeCaring 242 tip
S &£ p me at if

a sucker.

MH
ct
poae]
f
@o
i
a
te
Ke
0a
t
4
od
=
t
.
¢
2
=
t
{
t
:
i;
§
'
.
'
~
;
n
t
(
os
fen
‘

t mad + Pteem Aa emaAwm + « =
Sist Ol ~ LVE ScgEmMments. T) = ~ v ne S a u Va LOS
a a i | -s 2 & ln + - ~ _
are peculiar in that each pos ses a spec ec ave = e
ote — a = = eat ne ~ ~— =
1 4 2 P=
The tibi ae or Vit 9 lone = le
2 i ile cA vai = &
1 Iw ¥
Mair: In the t spines
Lg SLLOI U LI >
aiso.
Wa) al a
The females > the hind 7 enc
a ai fish & wliua

In one genus of

legs are large and

=)
4)
03
mM
9
|
4)
<
i
Las
tf
IK
C
Hem
03
ay}
+
t
oO
+
7
J
1
Lp
o
- J
ts
°

lr oi. iegs
bs 7 E> Ww ~s = 2s Ss
i. Pe og
opening as tne mou parts.
Peat tciehl ye Myris eee Pelee A) etnies eS) ce a ;
The water mites have the legs provided vy 1ay lone =
ng j

See oe. SSS Se ee = se

In size and form the legs vary in the T
of the genus Neophyliobius have very long legs, é §
Pe ~ ees * aD ee

+ oe * 7 a " 1 . ~ i. P : 3 L 1 - m j
times as Long as the DOdY. The tars in vie gern Le@tran

mee ne ee Ke

tetradactyle claws with the dactyles united into a common

$4,
‘

also four long, straight, clavate b1

genus Linopodes of the famil)

Tetranychidae.

ee eee ee

op
taf
EQ
2)
og
be
J

RY SEXUAL CHARACTERS.

a 2 2 | The ee ae : - BV ee alent oF ae - a
In some of the forms the secondary sexual cnaracters ar

marked.

2 2EBES ae eae oe EE Bee
males by the presence of small disk-like su 5 on the inside of
thea > + iene ean oe lin aie ean ner 2 doe = 2 —

the if our u tar Sus ° stile a, soi Uy Ud 188 Si, SCHVS \ d > 4 ds © ad Je

@
”)
$
MD
.
M
-
‘
b-
ct
is
C
b
$
r
t
)
ts
iat)
ae
=)
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r
4
4
~
}
=
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a3
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=
5

¢
,
(
4
un)

Pediculoididae and a person not a ted with them would cae
se ee = whet . > — Pax bm
hink + - thay SS | 134 , “
to think that they ngea to diffe families, ta close exe
aston — 1 4 he L aaa =
amination shows that the yY nave very man C act n mmnon.
J ‘ cters i mmon
: :
The males are much shorte The legs
The legs
are shorter and stouter, £ clasp-

ing the female.

There are no external differences between the sexes in the

: : 4 + Aa Wo 5 j
ilies Oribatidae, Nothrids odermidae.
: .
h ales of Ur - AG aoe toa
The females of Urc an oval o eld-shaped plate

between the coxae of the last three Mairs of legs, which has

17 e ar) 7 rm 4019m 7 * + 1
called the epigynium. The males have no such plate but the genital

aperture opens through the sternum.

Ww
~

The males of Gamasidae often have thi second pair of legs en

ed
‘
—

mously enlarged (often as many ai four or Tive

with one or more large chitinous hooks. Both oi modifica? gS
are adaptations for holding the female during c« n.

Te two sexes differ greatly in the ticks, or Ixod
males usually have a much larger body than tne maie ane
Nee 4 aa 1 PIU nthear Aiffoerenresd
form, besides many other differences.
? e

There are slight differences in the external chara re of the

tidae, Bdellidae, Eupalidae and le differe-

ences in the external features of the sexes and in some genera of

these families no difference.

Yb,

INTERNAL ANATOMY

GENERAL CHARACTERS.

arina are noted f

The internal organs of the Aca

ness. Which is doubtless due largely to the compact form of the body

itself. The digestive and reproductive systems are usually the

largest and most important. The alimentary canal is peculiar in
some of the larger forms, in that it ends blindly, having no cone
nection with the anus. The reproductive organs in each sex oi
occupy a large part of the abdomen and are usual

accessory organs for the puspose of coition or oviposition. The

respiratory system is comparatively well devel*ped in some forms,
a 7 4 Ag TE int cae Saletan aa 4 sad engi cam og es 2 ae epee a4
but is entirely absent in others; respiration in these forms being

effected directly through the skin which in such cases is always
thin. In some families the nymphs are without tracheae while the

adults have them. The tracheal Ss a=) tem j Ss mu ch mo re elaborate i n

iy
63)
a)
i?)
D
7]
+

some forms than in others. he. question as to the presence and

function of excretory organs is one which has not been carefully
investigated. Besides the malpigian vessels which occur occasion-

ally in many forms, there exis

and relationships have all the appearance of being excretory or-

fans but their function as such has not veen sufficiently shown.
The muscular Sys tem is well developed in some forms especiallv in

the predaceous mites; in other forms it is not very well developed.
The nervous system is well developed for so low an order and is
Characterized in most cases by the presence of a large central

ganglion surrounding the oesophagus. The nervous system, however,

ee
like the excretory organs has not been carefully worked out and

YI,

there ig no doubt that when it is, much light will be thrown upon
the functions of many of the well known organs whose use has been

a@mystery to acarologists.

ALIMENTARY CANAL.

The alimentary canal in most of the Acarina is omposed of the
following parts: oesophagus, crop, stomach and intestine. As

go from one group to another, there is found varied forms of these

;
»
—
s
3
=<
2)
e

parts and in some of the groups there
3! - } - 4 aati i Vs — J 4 WEG Lae <a hin RR, =~ meatsie atid
The o sopnagus s usually short and often the walls are partly

chitinized. Sometimes the anterior vart of the Sesophacus is dife-

ferentiated so as to form a pharynx. As a rule the Sesophagus is

F-
5 |

surrounded for a part of its length by the brain, which is formed

by the union of tl sub- and supra-étsophageal ganglia. The désoph-
agus begins near the base of the smaller mouth parts, as the 12a)

ach. In the the étsophagus is long a ather narrow and

may compose about one-half length of the alin ary canal.

In most of the Oribatidae the is “t and r be om=
po EA Ee

posed of rings which vary in number f about half a ozen to two

dozen. In the +} DB, = AR) A a

7
v-) Pr rnawn 4 ¢ atee ae . me ‘ F : A t
The Ul yp ts a I = " 3 AW Xf pres DF eo +hea
rr nea be lh» A ~ a
Acarina. t begins as ¢ lare 4 ray. a a - ‘ ae

ema) oa; = = Re : a 7 ~~ . hn 3 ~ 4
a sma Js ke & Tru w~ UL re 1 F li ~ st C Le, a i = ey V
a4 JS lar +o a+ ~ DA} A Aw | S ~~
= wi i 2 :

be seen without dissection in s] -

: alt edt a ae f cn } 2 - —
stoma ts ae iY 0}
e1C aeca which ve : mapen\ Ricarn 2 ;
The caeca appear mucl a eeteata Neve! + ses et ,
‘ ~~ 4 = ’ . =

t+hneceo fA ym $y wrh 4 pl +) ol ahoale aie artaad a 4 heb * OS

WAAS Jit Li ’

A ae A 74 oo + ; 1. . sy = 1. 2 5 Be ae > = ae
Sntoatin $e Wee <r “17 e lig

Ai v . i, © x ‘

14 + - ee a 5 c x Bh a oe 4- 4. } w+ ° 7 a
diameter. Some aut! :

i lia 4d. 2 a ~~ — = 4 ase ps dem ane Vra + + Pn ames a =
~ yy) a) aa Ne 4 4 yy ' >
sma 1 1Y te mo U J . rive b tle VY
AS-a«aitot YT: nee a ye ee - wh 9 am yur hear + a ern os Pin ascr PAWN TraAaaAns
Og Vv ‘s Ons Aa { nore OY Re i] tac = ¢ c

- = 1. = TER fas ~ ee S| a a ~ a | we a9 cad 7 Vp mm wee eA + r =
At abayvr than +h, wis $ be on : ; ™ P . . ‘ +, hor «
qian 6f Ll1a) I wo iiet : : 2 f ‘fr
reanatri etinn Aft +hea Sntanatsanad waren) 7 Mh a aa Bon ae Avan A ak nan eae ee
UVlin Ud b WS Vis LF ok > “ Cc a e | ‘
thea arnne mrhirt Oa - ~ a I 2 hi ee ea hea, One Aare Wextstolal esas eal aantd
/ 4 aA i) WV 4 L © J ¢ 2 u
4 2 S 3 ~ 5 2 = 4. t z 9 29

he = + oll aan == and ~ - Z = yes ia Av a +arne
the bd iS Oz Li 67 "I rs ‘ Y) , = ¢ r 4 =

he I o¢ tro 3 * V4 e amAare 4 . — tha = BP ee es
The dige Ve £ little understood. Around the anterior

37 5 > *

. trol 7 Aewotlanear 3¥ anmo +he - aasrnan My fs alk 7 ac wihea
are well dev oped in m 1¢ Gamasidae. Mr. M ael ¢ es
@small pair of ¢g] S situated on the anterior 1 of the ston
+ eS an RE = Os = M1, - = —_ A io > res | 2 7 > ba]
in Pribatid mites. iney are almost spherica nm shape anc ay be

ry agen vera +b Arm at ° r _ +7 > ~ a +

provided with a duct ich int the stomach.

In the Gama idae

found a thick

MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.

The male reproductit ; more t t
vasa deferentia; the ejaculatory duct and sometin t e
penis, besides one or more accé Yr} Ai .

organ. From each of the testes there passes a duct the vas def-

erens which unites wit its fellow to form the common ejaculatory
nase 2 I on ene mm ~ ARTS We bane
U Pe C1 Oo1¢ ‘er = e I ( re Y C
duct. ee ee ee ee eee oc 2 =. oo : r
,
penis. the seminal elements are cari ad: of fin @é

7 a : rape = as : eer 4 ps . eee
smali sac . which the male pierces with his mandibles after it has

been appliedto the vulva of the female, thus liberating the sexual

elements into the spermatheca of the mate.

Markable feature of the male reproductive system is the large ace

cessory glands which are found in same forms.
five times as large as the testes themselves, in fact much the

largest structures found in the body. The spermatozoa are nonmo-

tile and usually oval or spindle-shaped.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.

The fema le repro duct al ye organs cons ig t c f the ovaries (u } h
+ £5 St $2 \- be td ot. Vs 4 Vas 1m 9 i t
~~ + = . = i Al 3 eS 2 <s se A o ;
are sometimes united ) and the oviducts » which unite to form the

vulva; while sometimes therelis a spermatheca and often an extens-

ible ovipositor.

The ovaries are often united into a single median organ. Jney
are often somewhat smaller than the testes. T! oviducts ar
rather large structures and when containing developil eggs may be-

come the largest organs of 1

eviducts containing eggs are often seen without dissection in grav-
jad females. It is doubtful if the vulva is ever used as a bursa
copulatrix in some families, as Oribatidae and Hoplodermidae. The
"beetle mites" have never been found ma
tilization in this group is unknown.
The females of some of the families possess lar extensible

Ovipositors. These ovipositors may be as long as the entire mite.

They are usually segmented and may be provided with prongs at the
distal end as well as several bristles.

Both the males and females often possess genital suckers situated
at the genital opening. They perhaps function in mating. The

genital opening in the two sexes may vary in position and sometimes

ah«~ «ks a | am a > IA
CH Gi n ous Dla + es caitle 16

TRACHEAL SYSTEM.

The Bri opL EBriophyidae 3 Canestri ~ in: i da e, Tyrog fon all -yph:

families, as well as the youn

\ 7 ie | 5 2 1 7 8 . 3
tracheae. The tracheae as ig are long, coiledtubes which d
not branch. As a rule there are one or more main trunks on each

Side of the body. The method by which the tracheae open is taken

by some authors as the chief character for the classification of the
higher groups of Acarina.
In the Trombididae, Eupodidae, and several of the families close-

A ere ee

ly allied to these, the tracheae open through stigmata near the base

Vile S++

Hov lode rmida e. ana Not! ridae

a oe

of the mandibles. In the Oribatida

e
ee - =~

the tracheae, which are long tubes extending the entire length o!
~

the body, open into the ace tabula of the

. Me a F
legs. The nymph

families have no tracheae. In the Gamasidae, Uropodidae, Dermanys

~<a ee —— a

gidae, Ixodidae and Argasidae, the tracheae open rough a spir-
acle situated on a stigmal plate on each side of the body. In some
cases the tracheae extend far into the legs; usually;

distributed in the body with few extensions into the legs.

EXCRETORY ORGANS.

In some mites there are Malpighian vessels which open into the
intestine. They are short and not found generally in the order.
In the Uropodidae, they may be two-thirds as long as the entire di-
gestive canal and are very large in diameter.

ra] ty ne 5 1 ~~ ua re 3 3 ~— a ~ 9% 4.
Some of the Oribatidae have a pair of sac-like organs situated

in the abdomen which open to the exterior through an external chite-

inous tube. These have been regarded as excretory organs. The
Tyroglyphidae and Gamasidae also have organs in the abdomen which

‘open through the skin and have been regarded as

MUSCULAR SYSTEM.

The most prominent muscles in the body are those which move the
legs. Besidesthese there are-large muscles for the mandibles and
often for the genital armature.

In the Gamasidae there are large musc

= — SS

the mandibles, also a large Qlevator ani muscle.
The Bdellidae have large muscles in the mandibles for moving the

chelae. The interiors of the legs and palpi are almost completely

u
°

NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The nervous system is composed of a large central ganglion, or
brain, which is really two ganglia united, the subd@sophageal and
the supracésophageal ganglia. From this main ganglion or gar Lig
several nerves go to the different parts of the body

Nerves have been found distributed to the eyes, mandibles, phar
ynx, palpi, legs and the internal organs. Michael reports having
found a nerve going to the pseudostigmatic

but he was unable to trace its central connection

eS
V SS —

HABITS.

The habits of the mites, though,in many cases, not well under-
stood, are very interesting.

The mites live, as a rule, upon plan
having a mixed diet. The vegetable feeders may be divided into two
classes: (1) those which go from plant to plant and live by sucking
jsome of the juices from each and those which are plant parasites
living inside of galls. Those living upon animal material may like-
wise be divided into two classes: the parasites and the predaceous
mites.

Among the best known of the vegetable feeders of the first class

are the popularly called “red spiders,"

dive on plants, under bark and on fruits. These forms obtain their

food by sucking the juice from the plants upon which they feed. he

Rhyncholophidae have long styliform mandibles for piercing plant
arte a ee =
tissues and thus obtaining their food. Many of the Oribatidae and

Tyroglyphidae live upon small fungi.

: - 7 > | am cen ee | Ty» nhiwinAnae
The gall mites are confined to a single family, Eriophyidae.

ese a on

These individuals live in small galls of various shapes but each
species produces its own characteristic form of gall. The galls al-

Ways have an opening to the exterior and usually are tipped with
brown or black.
The best known parasitic mites are the Ixodidae, or ticks.

These mites are strictly parasitic and when found upon the ground or

upon bushes or on bark, are either preparing for an ecdysis or have

transformed and are only awaiting a host. The Gamasidae are largely

Parasitic and may be found on insects as well as on birds or mammals.

Fig. 4.

Damasus (sp) Dorsal view x40. Between the bases
‘of the palpi can be seen. the Gipseos; the large chelate
mandibles. The mandibles are retractile and when

fully extended often Sur pass elve palpi. CPhoto by

ene aut hem):

The Sarcoptidae are among the most injurious of the parasitic Acarina

Many of these species live in the skins of mammals, where they bur-
row and lay their eggs; which processes often causes intense itching
ty

on the part of the host. fhe Centheisas live in the hair follicles
of man as well sf as of other mammals and often cause tubercles.

Of the predaceous species, the Cheyletidae have by far the best
structural adaptations for siezing and holding prey. In
the palpi become enormously enlarged and are armed with one or sév-
‘eral large, stout, curved, claws, which in some cases are provided
with teeth. With these weapons they catch and destroy smaller mites
As well as some small insects. The Bdellidae have the mandibles
enormously enlarged so that they form a beak at the end of which are
pincer-like chelae. By means of these chelae they sieze and destroy

their prey. Some of the Gamasidae are predaceous, being provided

with powerful, retractile chelate mandibles.
The protective and defensive habits are naturally most noticeable
in those forms which are not predaceous. In none of the groups can

there be found as he ea defensive habits as in the "beetle
mites" The “beetle mites’ "are vegetable feeders and are very p
adapted for offensive warfare, as the mandibles and palpi are very
small and sometimes rudimentary. But by having a very hard shell,
and by means of their peculiar anatomical structure and habits they

Can protect themselves better than any of the other acarids. Many

of the "beetle mites"-- all the Oribatidae of this paper-- have

chitinous, wing-like expansions to the abdomer These wings often
extend forwards as far as the entire length of the cephalothorax and

are generally capable of being folded down upon the ventral surface
of the body so as completely to conceal and protect the legs. Thus

When one of these mites is disturbed it at once lets go its hold with

its feet and falling to the ground, closes down the abdominal wings
covering the legs, and in this attitude remains quiet for some time.
Thus the pursuing enemy encounters a hard, chitinous ball, often
about the size of a turnip seed, but presenting no exposed soft parts

Or protruding limbs. The Hoplodermidae have exactly the same habits

as the Oribatidae but their structural adaptations are entire

ferent. In the membersof this family the cephalothorax is movably

jattached to the abdomen and capable of being folded down over the
wentral surface of the latter so as to completely cover the legs.
in the Uropodidae many of the genera have impressed foveae on the
wentral surface of the body for the reception of the legs, which,
when drawn into this groove, are well protected from the attack of a
predaceous enemy.

A great many of the Acarina "feign death" when disturbed. In all
instances the legs are folded up as closel

ras possible to the body,

although they are protected in no special way by the latter. Among

=
ct
}
-
@
KH
@
ct
ry
@
ee
a)
i}

those acarids which have this habit are found many of
chidae, Trombidiidae, and Rhyncholophidae.

Speed and manner of locomotion are methods of protection often
resorted to by some mites. Among those which are especially active

are some of the Gamasidae and the Eupodidae. A species of the

Brythraeidae, Anystis agilis, has the power of avoiding its enemies
by running rapidly in any direction, though most often in circles.
It is very difficult to capture individuals of this species because

Of this habit. One of our common species of Linopodes has a peculiar

habit of turning "about face" and running backwards with
rapidity, dragging after it its long anterior pair of antenna-like
legs; this is almost always done when the individuals of this species

are disturbed.

Mr. Michael first described the remarkable method of coition
among some of the Gamasidae. For a long time it had been noticed
that some of the males of the Gamasidae had mandibles provided
long, curved hooks or claws of various shapes, each form presenting
@ good specific character. This strong sexual dimorphism was long
regarded as a purely secondary sexual characteristic, until it was
shown by Michael that the mandibles were actually used during coition
In the males of the Gamasidae there is no extensible organ provided
Jat the genital aperture, which is situated on the ventral surface
at the base of the rostrum; but instead, the reproductive elements
are carried off in a small sac. This sac is first blown out from
the genital opening and is filled with sperm-mother cells and other
secretions. 4iow ¢he male applies the mandibles, one on each side of
the sac, and pushes the latter into the vulva of his mate. Now
Ceither by means of pressure or by piercing a hole with the mandibles,
the sperm elements are discharged into the spermatotheca of the fe-
Male. Mr. Michael was able to make a microscopical preparation which
actually showed the mandible of the male cut out from the vulva of
its mate-- the two having been killed while pairing.

Many of the mites have been found associated with other species
ef Acarina and with insects. It was at first noticed that many of
the Uropididae and the young migratory

were usually attached to other mites and

that these forms were only parasites,

every case there in no parasitization at all.

= = sear em’ TS = a2 Oe te ue. Se who =
Very often mites have been associated with certain plant diseases

At first they were thou
it now appears that the diseases are due to fungi and that the mites

found with the diseases probably feed upon the fungi.

Many of the mites

, as some of the Gamasidae,

Nothridac, Hoplodermidae,

dark situations, as under logs, under bark, and

’

Eupodidae, and Uropodidae, pre

bidiidae, Tetranychidae, and the Bdellidae do not appa ntly avoid
the light or dry atmosphere.

I made some observations upon the speed of diff it acarids
Of those experimented with, the Bdellidae proved to be the most
active, some of the species of this family being capable of running
over 600 mm. in a minute. The Oribatidae are very sluggish, so
species moving not more than 10 mm. per minute. All the predaceous
mites are very active, while the parasitic forms and the vegetable
feeders are usually sluggish.

G
ct
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ry
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the opposite direction. In this case I follow af i 1 p
brush and was able o turn it in any direction I]
the brush on the opposite side of the mite. T
peated, using oil of bergamot instead lds ©
weneaad not avoid the oil, but all the thers ;

Next I tested Oribata lucasi with ammonia wa n 1 brush.

In every case the mites would face about,upon comi within 5 OF

three inches of the strong ammonia, and would walk rapidly

{
7

trom it.

an inch in diameter and several feet long wa 1id upon t table
along side a graduated scale (See Fig. ). <A small pie of

cloth about
two inches
square was

soaked in

acetic acid

emda cork Fig 5 . Dilass tube showing arrangement for tect

upon the sense of Smell. A. Asmall piece of Cloth soaked With

Was procured dil, acette acid. &. Point where the acaridsS were Placed, <.0Peh

hich would End of Tube, D. Cork to prevent escape of acetic vapors,
gust fit into one end of the tube. Ten very lively specimen
now introduced into one end of the large glass rod by means of a
long-handled spoon and were shaken out aS near to one foot from the
end of the tube as possible. Next the small piece of cloth soaked
with acetic acid was placed in the end of the tube nearest the mites

and the cork place

k d over it to prevent the acetic v S ym € D=
ing at this end and compelling them to pass over the mites.
g m to pass ov the mit

A} 4-7 34+ ~ Wate +} = Ae 1 7 ul
When the mites were thus placed in the e the same n : hi
: U =H ‘it
Af
4 : - ree a Se ° + ~ 4
On each side of the twelve inch mark. At the end of two minutes it

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DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Fam. ERIOPHYIDAL.

Abdomen annulate; with four legs of five segment

in galls.

Gen. Eriophyes Siebold.
1850. Eriophyes Siebold. Jahresber. Schles. Ges.Kult
p. 89.

Different from the other genera in that the number of abdominal

rings on the dorsum and venter are neé y € 1; other
- my J aoe}
genera the number of abdominal rings on the venter is nearlv twice

the number on the dorsum. a Prof. Jrarman, in 1993, did considerable

a 1 a
work upon this genus, and, his 228 paper in The, Tw e fath

Report of the Ill. State Fentomologist,is Ene most imporlan
acart

Favunee

one yet published vpen the TL Ninors

frax

1883. Phytoptus

Eriophyes f raxini (Garman).

ini

Garman.

App °

12th

° Ret

Body finely striated, the number of striae being about

Cephalothorax about as broad as long and bearing at its posterior
margin a pair of straight, simple bristles about one-third as longs
as the cephalothorax itself; an anterior pal! maller bristles. :
Capitulum as broad as long; mouth parts small.

The two pairs of legs subequal, about as long & the cephalo-
thorax and three times as long as the capitulum. Each leg bears
several rather prominent bristles.

Abdomen three or four t as long as cephalothorax, one-third
@s broad as long. The first four striae are incomplete dorsally.

The abdomen bears a prominent pair of bristles situated on the sides,
near the anterior end. hese bristles are longer than the posterior
bristles of the cepha horax. n the eighth ring from the rear is
Situated a pair of long bristles which are two-thirds as long as the
width of the abdomen at this ring. There are two pairs of somewhat
longer bristles situated at the tip of the abdomen. There is a small
area at the posterior part of the abdomen, about as broad as long

Where there are no rings

Length, 0.238%m,; bread

fii. State Lab.

Fam. TYROGLYPHIDAE.

Palpi small, of three segments; without tracheae; females without
clavate organ between legs I and Il; genital suckers usually present
skin without fine parallel lines; a clavate hair present on tarsi
of legs I and II; seldom parasitic.

But two Genera described in this paper:*—

No sucker at tips of tarsi; tarsi with stout spines e---------<-=-

Suemeker at tips of tarsi; no stout spines on tarsi e<-<-------=

Bea age: S
Gen. Rhizoglyphus Claparede.

a
oases oe oe

1869. Rhyzoglyphus Claparede. Zeits. wiss. ZOOl., .VOl. 18, p.~506.
Integument not granulate; claws distinct; mandibles chelate;

a suture present between cephalothorax and abdomen; body not elon-

gate; no sucker at tips of tarsi; leg I never thickened; tarsi with

stout spines.

Cephalothorax broader than long; sides almost straight, poster-
jor bristles as long as the cephalothorax, situated the width of
tibia I from the posterior margin of the cephalothorax; anterior
bristles two-thirds as long as the posterior bristles.

Abdomen broader than the cephalothorax, broadest at the middle,
and rounded at the posterior margin. Abdomen about two-thirds as
broad as long, bearing a pair of prominent shoulder bristles equal
to about one-half the width of the abdomen. A pair of marginal
bristles occur about one-third the length of the abdomen from the
posterior end of the same; these are two-thirds as long as the
shoulder bristles. At the posterior end of the abdomen are sit-
vated four pairs of long subequal bristles almost one-half as long
as the abdomen itself. They are arranged in two transverse rows of
four bristles each, the lower row being around the posterior margin
of the abdomen; somewhat anterior to these marginal bristles is a
small pair of bristles about one-half as long, situated on the pose
tero-lateral margin.

The anterior pair of legs is about equal to the cephalothorax
in length. The tarsus is one and one-half times as long as the tibia
and twice as long as broad. Sense-hair situated one-half its length

is situated a very

from the proximal end of the segment; near i
Stout bristle, equal to the sense-hair in length and one-half as
broad at the base, as the bristle is long. Between this stout bris-

tle and the sense-hair is a small hair about one-half as long as the

“CO

datter. Near the claw on the dorsal side is a very stout bristle

almost as long as the claw itself; between this stout bristle and

the claw is a very long hair equal to the tarsus in length. A sime

ilar, but inner, hair is situated at the end of the tarsus; also
a short curved bristle one-half as long as the tarsus. The tarsus
of leg I bears also two stout bristles near the ventral margin.
Length,o.ygmm.; breadth, 0.1mm .
Under the bark of a maple loge Collected by J. D. Hood, Urbana,

Illinois. Several specimens.

60.

Rhizoglyphus phylloxerae Riley.

1874. R. phylloxerae Riley. 6th Missouri Rept., 1874, p.5e.
1906. R. phylloxerae Banks. Techn. Bull. No.13, Bur.Entom. ,U.S.Dept.
Agri., 1906, p.20.

Pale yellow; abdomen with two dark spots on each side near the
posterior end.

Cephalothorax almost as broad as long; mandibles large, about
one-third as long as the cephalothorax; posterior bristles long and
straight, slightly longer than the cephalothorax; a small inconspic-
uous pair of hairs is situated between the posterior bristles; an-
terior pair of bristles approximate to the base of the mandibles
and about two-thirds as long as the latter.

Abdomen about two-thirds as broad as long, being broadest to-
wards the posterior end. The female has three pairs of subequal
bristles near the posterior margin of the abdomen, about two-fifths
as long as the width of the body. A similar pair of somewhat longer
bristles is situated on the postero-lateral aspect of the abdomen.

In the male there is an extra pair of bristles near the posterior

margin of abdomen and the bristles are a little longer than in the
female.

Anterior pair of legs as long as the cephalothorax; tarsus about
one and one-half times as long as the tibia; sense hair situated
about two-thirds its length from the base of the segment, with no
adjacent stout bristles; a stout bristle is situated at the tip of
the tarsus just outside the claw, one-half as long as the claw it-
self; tip of tarsus also bearing two long subequal hairs, one on
the outer and one on the inner aspect; on the dorsal surface of the

tarsus near the middle of the segment is situated a stout bristle

as long as the width of the segment from which

it extends; almost
opposite this bristle near the ventral surface is a similar but

shorter and stouter bristle.
Length,o.Jomm. , width,6@.60mm .-

Under dead leaves and under boards.

Several specimens.

mM
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marrinae

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tlle.

ety

- Tyroglyphus Li

1796

tegument not

een cephalothorax and

hs i) 1 ~y
sucke!

leg 1 o

on tarsi;

Tyroglyphus lintneri Osborn.

1893. T. lintneri Osborn. Science, 1895, p.560.
1895. T. lintmeri Lintner. 10th N.Y. Rept., 1895, p.452.
1906. T. lintneri Banks. Tech. Bull. No.15, Bur-Entom.U.S.Dept.Agri.
1906, p. 15.
Cephalothorax three-fourths as broad as long; sides concave.

Posterior bristles situated in a curved row, with the convexity of

the curve anterior; bristles subequal, about half as long again as

the cephalothorax.
Anterior bristles situated at the apex of cephalothorax near

the median line, about one-half as long as the posterior bristles
and directed but slightly away from the median plane.

Abdomen slightly over one-half as broad as long and bearing long
hairs, some of which are as long as the abdomen itself. There are
two pairs of long hairs on the shoulders, the more dorsal of which
is usually the longest; a small, short pair of hairs occur just ine
Side the inner shoulder hairs; two hairs are situated on the dorsal
surface of the abdomen not far from the anterior margin of the same
and near the median plane; two others are lateral and posterior to
these, about one-half the distance from the anterior to the posterior
end of the abdomen; around the posterior margin of the abdomen are
four pairs of very long, straight hairs; a similar shorter pair just
dorsal to the marginal hairs; and a wate sent ventral to the same.

Leg I about as long as the abdomen; tarsus half as long again as
the tibia, but only about one-half as broad; sense-hair situated
one-half its length from the base of the segment. The tibia of each
leg bears at its distal end on the outer side a long hair, which is

usually about twice as long as the segment itself. There is 2 short,

curved, serrate bristle near the base of the third segment of legs
I and Il.
Length, a43mm.; breadth o6.1%m™ -
On rotting carnation stem. Collected by J. J. Davis, at Urbana,

Illinois. A few specimens.

Fam. PEDICULOIDIDAKE.

Palpi small, of three segments; body entire, with trachea -
it clavate organ between legs I and Il;

males possessing a prominer

mena enl)
caruncieé.

hind legs of female ending in claws and

anion) ; m1 a 3 oO? = re
Gen. Pediculoides largioni -Tozzetti.
hte Rn enone =

1878. Pediculoides Targioni-Tozzetti. Ann. d. Agricol., 1, p. 271.

eo --

. = - 4 s e
Body oblong; females twice as long as males; no long pedic@ls

so tarsi.

_Pediculoides graminum Reuter.

1908. Pediculoides dianthophilus Wolcott. Bull.Ag.Fxp.Sta.Mo. ,No.103.

Pale white; integument thin and smooth.
Cephalothorax two-thirds as broad as long; clavate sex organ

over one-half as broad as long, head subglobose. The organ is site-

= 5 ae Sy ah ee aioe af Pe EG I A ee a er nie i
vated very near the lateral margin of cephalothorax and about midway

between the first and second pair of legs. Just inside of the sez
Organ is situated a very long sense hair two-thirds aslong as the en-
tire length of the mite. There are two pairs of small bristles site
vated in front of the sex organs; the anterior pair being the smaller.

Capitulum one-third as long as the cephalothorax and as broad as
long; mouth parts rudimentary.

Abdomen elongate truncate posteriorly, about three times as long
as broad and showing slight signs of segmentation; there being three
slight constrictions. The abdomen bears dorsally a row of four large
bristles near each lateral margin; the posterior bristle being twice
as long as the others and situated at the end of the abdomen. Just
inside of these posterior bristles are situated two pairs of very
small hairs.

Legs short and subequal; anterior pair as long as cephalothorax.
Tarsus of leg I equal to the tibia in itly narrower;

tibia longer than the genual which is Legs with bie

dactyle claws situated on tarsal pedicels; legs I with claws very much

reduced. The tarsi of all the legs bear a long tactile bristle; the
femora of legs I and II with a similar bristle.

Length,0.22mm.5 breadth, 007mm.

FERTILIZED FEMALE.

The fertilized female may become enormously swollen with develop-
ing eggs. When the eggs first begin to develop, the swollen area is

confined to the abdomen alone, but as development goes on it spreads

over the entire body. Females thus distended with eggs may be man

times as large as the unfertilized female and the swollen condition
may exist to the extent that only parts of
Male protrude from the anterior end of the oval mass.

Length, from 0.22mm. to 1.60 mm.

MALE.

The male is much shorter and broader than the female.
Cephalothorax pyramidal; as broad as long; bearing a single pair
of bristles near the middle which are about as long as the capitulum.

rs y } IA ye ALB Hh . ~~
female and broader at the base

Capitulum larger than it is in the
than at the anterior end.

Abdomen divided into two parts by a transverse suture just in
front of the third pair of legs; anterior part the larger, as broad
as long; posterior part pyramidal and bearing at its posterior end
ithe genital papilla. The anterior part of the abdomen bears two

pairs of small hairs near the middle and a large pair of bristles at

ithe postero-lateral aspect. The posterior part of the abdomen has

has two longitudinal rows of fou

size from the anterior to the po

r bristles each,

sterior end, the

as long as the posterior part of the abdomen itself. senital papilla
as broad as long and with four small hairs

The legs are stouter than in the female, especially th rn or
pair. Anterior pair of legs twice as long as thé upitulum; tarsu
reduced, about one-ha as long and one-half as broad as t! tibia;
tibia longer but not so wide as the genual; femur ider and twice as
long as the genual. First pair of legs apparently without claws;
second and third pairs of legs with large, bidactyle claws and prom-
inent caruncles, situated on stout tarsal pedicels. Claws on last
pair of legs monodactyle. Each of the tarsi bears a long, tactile
hair; femora of last pair of legs each with a similar hair.

Length,o.1ymm.; breadth, o.o9mm.

From rotting carnations. This mite was brought to my attention
in the summer of 1907 by J. J. Davis, assistant to the State Ento-
mMologist. After studying it for some time, I happened to meet Pro-
fessor Hodgkiss, of Geneva, N.Y., 10 showed me some work he had been
doing upon a speciesof Pediculoides. We compared our work and found

that the two species agreed in every detail.
fessor Wolcott of Nebraska described this species
the name Pediculoides dianthophilus. Professo
the specimens found in Nebraska with those found

finds them exactly alike.

I have and says that they are al

braska specimens.

He has

kindly examine

exa

so ctly

7 *
he New

like th

In January,

We=

With a distinct spiracle situated on a stigmal plate a
third or fourth coxae; first pair of legs not
+h 7 . 2 lar naraasitic ( ''p

Opening as the mouth parts; mandibles chelate; rarely pars c on .

vertebrates.

Key to Genera Described in this Work. !

: 7 > Anreal hHield divided eW«e--«--Macrocheles.
i. Leg I without claws; dor sal shield undivided Ma crocneies Hit
.
= 2 |

Leg IT with claws -<“-<<<<8-+------- Ba eee oat ont ccs scan om om al oon oes os Sco Gu et onion amr awesem et gy

2. Leg II of male armed with teeth and usually greatly enlarged---

Leg Il of male without teeth and not enlarged ------- Seiulus.

4h)

Gen. Macroct

1829. Macrocheles La

—

0
ob
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o
}-
found
eed
fe)
@
Be)
C)
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Peritreme more than twice as long as broad; leg I without claws;

dorsal shield undivided; no post anal plate; male genital aperture
on anterior margin of sternal plate; male with leg II enlarged and

armed with teeth.

Dorsal shield dark brown, almost black, the outside of the aor- i

Weal shield around the margin of the body is light brown, legs and |

palpi lighter than the dorsal shield. iF
|

Epistome oval, broader than long; anterior margin slightly cone Wh

Gave in the middle. There is a pair of small bristles on the anter- HK!
)

jor margin of the epistome not far from the median plane. They ars

short, and much curved. Palpi large, three-fifths as long as. the

anterior pair of legs; distal segment three-fifths as long as pen- if

ultimate segment and bearing a spine on the outer, distal aspect. |
Ih

In the male there is a prominent spine situated at about the middle |

of the inner aspect. Penultimate s

antepenultimate. All the segments of the palpus are sparsely clothed
With stout hairs.
Dorsum of body bearing curved c

of straight clavate bristles on the anterior margin of the dorsum

very near the median plane; two pairs of curved, clavate, shoulder

bristles; a row of about ten bristles on each lateral margin and

about half a dozen other bristles near the middle of the dorsum.

=e ~ aie 7 sina - arm Aura y eles on pater: opel ane Arac re <)
Anterior pair of legs much narrower than the others, three-fifths

i ra =P ; 2 ‘ anoth hot

@s long as the body. Tarsus of leg I equal to tibia in length, but

much narrower; tibia longer than antepenultimate segme

pair of legs about equal to the first pair in length; third pair of

legs three-fourths as long as the second pair; hind pair of legs al- i}

most as long as the body. All the legs are sparse- clothed
Bimple spines. The second pair of legs is slightly larger
mare than in the female. Tarsi of last three pairsof legs with bi-
Gactyle claws, and caruncle situated on a long, narrow, chitin
pedicel, also with a few short, swollen spines almost as
long.

Length La2mm,; breadth J.gémm.

anteadm hi +1 writer near yt } ;
Collected Dy Le Writer neal Urbana, eis Two sy} cimens.

Gen. Sei

Peretrime more than twice as
dorsum with undivided shield, ma
gin of sternal plate; leg two of

teeth; anal plate broad,separate

~
ma}
Li Rte >

> ¥

Dorsal surface with a thick

large, stout, slightly pectinate spines.

From

bristles with toothed These

broad as long. Palpi as long as tibia o

chitinous

bristles

Ps
4

the tip of the rostrum there projects a pair of large,

are avout oneenail

@s broad as long; distal segment two-thirds as broad as long a with
@ spine on the inner side. All the segments of the palpus sparsely
clothed with simple hairs.

The dorsal surface of the body is composed of a chitinous retic-

ulate structure, in the meshes of which

: r13 wrap (4 eee en film amen Tem. 64) y exit n hy +o¢0
the reticulate structure is bilaterally symmetrical. TIT! bristles
3 ren} a Af thea honaware arrse J i \ fr e r me
on the dorsal surface of the body are arr: a in th oliowing mane-
mer. There is a marginal row of bristles extending around the en-
row uv
‘ ‘ srence of tt hodyv There is a] inal of fiNe
tire circumference of the body. Ther is a longituc al,of fine
bristles on each side of the median plane; between these longitud-
2 aya Siete —or 5 5 ~~ Sor ce Aa n ie
inal rows and the lateral margins of the body are found on either
+A + oh tat Teac + rPpangcead in o , ana . -
Side about eight bristles, not arranged in a row;.a stout pair of

almost straight,

;

ager bristles, there are a dozen pairs of
two pairs are short and
bristles are longer
bristles are about equal to the femur of
Anterior
Slightly longer than the second pair; la
to the first pair.

equal to antepenultimate segment. All t

bidactyle claws, situ

»
ck
@O
Qu
G
S
C
re)
a)
1 Fy
a)
~
14)
I -
mn
e

With spines, which are stout

near the proximal end of

ae 5 ated ss | ~ ° + |} ae
marginal bristles; the first
L.'} lA = . SS a+ Ae
those behind the shoulder
two pairs of posterior
> a J — j= ~ =F oh
LEE TV Ain LEngtne
+h aa hadarv:’ eacand 4
Nan tne poay, secona pair
; : es
Yr pair; third pair of
: ; - 7 a = a
t pair of legs about equal

tarsi

though on the

=
=
7
r
a)

Length, 0.54™m; br

UDD1LEN-

Tile

and Urbana,

Fam. DERMANYSSIDALE.

With a distinct spiracle on a lateral stigmal plate above the

third or fourth coxae; first pair of legs inseé

mouth opening; no projecting of dorsum beyond the camerostor

mandibles fitted for piercing; parasitic on verte

Gen. Dermanyssus Duges.

enone eae

c 2 aT +

1834. Dermanyssus Duges- Ann. Sci. Nat. (4001.) I, 1854,

} 1 - . o eo ~~ = 2 > 2 5 . ~ = om 4
the tip of body; peretrime on venter; mandibles in the male chelate,

in female styliform; parasitic on birds.

e Re a i °

1668. D. gallinae Redi. Esper.Int.Insetti., 1668, pl.II.
1880. D. gallinae Megnin. Paras.et les Mal.Paras., p.115.
1896. D. gallinae Osborn. 3Bull.33. Lowa Exp.Sta., p.595. |
1902. D. gallinae Herrick. Bull.78, Miss. Agri.Exp.Sta. i|

Dark; brownish flesh color with a few blotches of black. |

Beak as broad as long; pointed. Palpi about one-third as long
@s the anterior legs and twice as long as the beak; basal segment the
Jongest. Mandibles of female styliform, twice as long as the palpus.

Mandibles of male with basal half stout, cylindrical; distal
half flagelliform; tip of the basal half with stout claw.

Dorsal surface covered with fin parallel striations and ‘sparsely
elothed with equal, short, simple bristles. Body three-fifths as
broad as long, broadly rounded pos riorly. Sternal plate of male
One-third as broad as long, truncate posteriorly and extending one-
third its length beyond the hind coxae. Anal plate of male broader

anteriorly than posteriorly; anal openin ig

from the posterior margin of the anal plate.

and anal plates of the male are about ten

Situated about its length
Between the sternal
fine striations parallel to

a posterior margin of the sternal and anteri

|
I plates. Anal plate of female triangular, the
}at the posterior apex.

Anterior pair of legs as long as the body and equal to the pos- if
terior pair; second and third pairs of legs slightly horter than tH
the other two pairs. Tarsus of leg I about one and one-half times i]
as long as the tibia. I1 find that the tarsus is truncate distally ol
and bears at this end several subequal bristles(as shown in Megnin's
figures) and is not tapering as in the figures of Osborn and Her- [!

rick. Tibia of leg I subequal to antepenultimate segment. =the

tarsi of the

stout claws with caruncle, to ali the legs; cl
row pedicels.
Length ,0.70mm.; breadth,0,38mm.

This species is popularly known as a "chicken louse." I have

taken specimens of "lice" from the Engl sparrow which appe "
g spar 1icn appe )

be very like the young of the D.

Fam. UROPODLD

With a distinct spiracle on a lateral stigmal plate above
third or fourth coxae; first pair of legs inserted within the same I}
. = . 4 - hl
opening as the mouth parts; dorsum of body extending forwards and N

hiding the mouth parts from above.

!
iH
YP om
it
i]
\!

= om

1. With impressed foveae on the ventral surface of body for the re-

————

ception of the legs ------------------- enn nnn nnn Be
Ventral surface of body without such foveae ------~--- -----= 4,

2. Dorsum of body sculptured -----<-<<-<--28n2 neem Hee Glyphopsis.

= =n Ee
Dorsum of body smooth ------<------- enn nnn een en nee enennern= Oe

3. First pair of legs without claws ------------- <-<--<-= Cilliba.

First pair of legs with c

4, Without ventral plate------------<--<--~-----~--<-------- Urosewys.
With ventral plates --<---------------- Pe Ie oS oe a wi ee

5. Female with genital plate fused with the sternal plate --------<-

Female with distinct genital plate e-------. ~---------------- 6:

6. No ambulacra on the first pair of legs ------------- Polyaspis.

a ==

First pair of legs with ambulacra ------------------ Trachytes.

eee ee ee

- Glyphopsis Michael.

a aad

1894. Glyphopsis Michael. Notes on Uropodinae. Jour.Roy.Micro.Soc.,

1894, p. 295.
Ventral surface of body provided with foveae

of the legs; body irregular in form, dorsum sculp

ee —— ;

ian plane.

med

ventral

tf)
-

Le © i

h
L3

ea
1

jcan be
as long a
broader a

eromen

portanc

In an ant's

Fam. ORIBATIDAE. (

termed pteromorphae.

1. Bristles of S late; body usually rough ----- Pelops.
Bristles of abdomen not tulate; 1 y wit : inte ente2. |

Ze att to cephalot 4x as well as

Pareto or tlecs | broad at t MN me ea Sas cca “aay se ee Me CoG ac shano nl or -

; ss my ————————
Pteromorphae not attached to cephal AX w2en---n---------- 3

2 = : oe See
3. Claws of tarsus monodactvle --~----+~—- -==+==2222+22=.==-=

ama) mat: tea nh + AAT I : nyvawr Fo A - = cS
4. ame llae SmMatti, avtacs na ) rax I‘ L l =
. - 4 ik . .
+ ire langth hx«r +hea ynner marorin en Rae = se == ow uw sw =e =o
LLfre ieneto, Vy ULLE AliTiC ls ict ce O50 (ue Se eS ne ae an Se es ee) =e an - = }
¢ ranna lat r Wer mh ¢ NAat ad :
pire J < 4

1835. Pelops C. L. Koch. Crust. Myr. Arach PARE. 2s

ee “

—_ .-——-

7 , : evel tone: ates ron eins oa Gee Oe aright le wis os
Chestnut brown; integument slightly rugose.
Cephalothorax , the posterior hidden by a rectangular

projection from the anterior margin of the abdomen. Lamellae ale-

most as long as the cephalothorax, about alf as broad as long,
} * } + nr x AANTAS thea : Feoan 2} y at+y/
the outer margin strongly convex, the i free ma 1 str
— pe ba Ri Tes are ro a FO ait l= ie cal la yroeacan* Im
concave; translamella a mere ri lateral lamellae present, sim-
7 n 5 x abate a a ae a ER ~S os 5 nee ak on
ilar to the lamellae in shape but longer. e ls a large, stout
Asa racan Pray — ads = tha £4 d « + an ce
air of tectopedia present for protectic the first pair of
p I E
i je ree a sj Co SN eee Ay areal eaidetnd ates) ©
legs. The cephalothorax bears two pairs of bristles; a
7 7 Se es ey rS Soy he nnaetarinr An: a Ve + ae)
Jarge, long, lanceolate pair situated on the posterior dorso-lateral
a + 7 * | a4 = > ao BE ‘ PN is | n os stanlt As
aspect, which are almost as long as the cephal lorax itself, di-

toa ft nA «5 3 Iwtreon ye [i a Li en RP
rected forwards and curved towards the median

EB
bw
Le
@o
ac)
2
a7]
js
Jute
9
98
cr
er)
CA
]
©
S
<j
@
Qu
©
tT!
49]
La
Sp |
@
c+
147)
Me)
9
Jutle
vi
fQ
ct
<
cr
aN
2
©
3
2
@
m
Qu
ra?)
t
©)
ty
+
~
@

roe - ee ane ee ee
as tibia of leg I, clavate with rugose heads.

half as long as abdomen, truncate in front. When

the pteromorphae are so expanded as to present a view of their whole

external surface from above, but upon the slightest provocation they
are instantly drawn in close to the body and then entirely hide the
legs. There is a broad, rectangular projection extending from

anterior margin of the abdomen, from each anterior corner of which

'?)

AY)
1

projects an enormous, spatulate bristle, fully as long as the

lothorax and projecting beyond the tip of the

t
~
¢
=.
N
&
ey
ct
=
nm

broadest part it is broader than the width of the femur of leg lI.

The abdomen bears at least eight other pairs of spatulate bristles,

but they are of about the usual size. There are two bristles site

uated just above each pteromorpha; two on each side of the median

line at the posterior margin of the abdomen, one pair on the postero-

~
a

lateral margin just in
@€ach other at the middle of each lateral half of the dorsum and
Single bristle situated about one-half the distance
to the anterior margin of the abdomen. Genital and anal covers sub-
equal; genital covers situated approximate t anterior margin
of ventral plate; anal covers situated their length from the genital
covers and three-fourths their length from the posterior margin of
the ventral plate.

Legs rather short; tarsus and tibia of leg I subequal. Fach
leg bears several large, stout, slightly curved, serrate bristles.
Unguis tridactyle; dactvles unequal.

Length, 0.54 mm; breadth, 0,y2mm-

Under hickory bark. Collected by H. Glasgow at Urbana, Illinois.

Three specimens.

Pteromorphae

attache

and

abdomen,

is peculiar in this species. : -
ally. They are very long nd ns . peyote t a - :
the cephalothorax, and pec j sends, or t bases of 1
Jamellae, are situated below the atte : of ! orphae tc
the cephalothorax. The median lamellae -e indicated by two very
short ridges situated at the posterior part of the cephalothorax; a
very long, narrow translamella connects ¢ r anteri 3. Ther
is a posterior pa of iy Long, sii bristl ted j in

front of the translamella. The lateral, true lamellae each bear a

sie es = Pe ee ee a x 2 eee EO - }
long, slightly curved, pectinate bristle, about as long as the le-

- a 5 Vio ig ’ = 7 ae Ne oon, Dae
short peduncle and large, g] se head.
Abdomen about one-half as broad as lo pteromorphae very long
% H 5 tees i ee — “205 3

about as long as abdomen and extending from behind the middle of

ay]

ol = A a | ye ya ds so = ¥ 7 , ey +
abdomen to almost tl middle of cephalothorax. Genital opening al-
is E
MOSt round; situated about three times its length in f t) of the

much larger anal opening. Anal opening broader vosteriorlv the

anteriorly, situated almost app)

3 10s pproximate to 1 osterior margin of
ventral plate. =
Anteri or pair of legs about twoethirds as lone as shdomen: dictal
Jf Pal J LOEB AL -WUMVWLUITAS aS JOfNe = aVQAOKeT} QLlS laa
. E P
€nd of tarsus broad this is only tru LOWeV in the ise of tare
> sit. ) ‘ " os ‘ No UA

} ee Beetatenee st. coack! a letentwen cies ce if r i ee =~ 7
| ong ap tne ociuat Ol weelle IEE. €gs '@) ne Faree equaz c AWS

ee
a

———a ——— > ——

447

O24 mm «

+-
c-
mM >
+-
=
> =
a)
® &
t
\
~ h
oe r
po
- Cc

th , Baar o.yymm,
log. ec

Leng
Under
specimens.

|
vib 4
I il ‘

—_—-— 2. eo ©

1802. Oribata Latreille. Buffon, Hist. nat., ed Sonnin} Ins.
vol. 3, p.- 65.

Body with smooth integument, pteromorphae attache to abdomen
only; claws tridactyle; lamellae attached to the cephalotnorax tor

almost the entire length of the inner margin.

Very pale yellowish
on the pteromorphae.

Cephalothorax two-thirds as broad as long; lamellae long and

671

narrow, two-thirds as long as cephalothorax, with cusps, broadest |
in the middle; no translamella. Lateral lamellae present, very nare-

7 3 ~ = ” 8 | ay he 4 rr 5 lr
I ae

3 n rAG oa In ae ame a sa nh 2 ; 2 .
row and about two-thirds as long as lamellae, each bearing a 1 Lig

Sw eS ee ae SS Theaneselol eacse> Ulva tw rather shar+¢+ "wi Ges
stout, curved, pectinate bristie. Lamellar hairs ra Lort,

7 tanain a Imne +r the tin £ wnatyiim
half as long as lamellae, and extending almost to tk ip of rostrum.

Interlamellar hairs situated in approximation to the base of

beyond the anterior margin of abdomen; triangular, anterior free i}
edge concave. Genital covers Dee sent two=% ds as long as

| |
anal covers, situated about two one-half times their length in |
front of the latter. Abdomen hairless.

>
rsa
ct
iq]
har,
}4.
Le)
=
4e)
bey)
fle
-¥
oO
Hy
feet
ran)
Q
én
oY
ri
=|
m
arg
pA)
w
lone
‘eo
0
rc)
a
a
)
es
.
(Sy
'
+
=)
pte
f

. EE At : Jonaety 4 ener a apy oa een He
much lighter color; the pseudostigmatic organs are very slightly

pectinate, instead of being strongly pectinate, and the interlamellar

hairs are approximate to the base of the lamellae, instead of being

breadth, 0.2% Mm .

Many specimens.

Light brown; integument of medium thickness, § ;

No demarcation

ostigmata and extend abou twoethirds

o } Sees eee toe os Se Ae ee 1. ed Se al
or the cepnat tTNOrare L LteY ,me LE ades le pi ( @

end and gradually narrowing anteriorly until they disappear. N

- = ' a 7
* i ‘aa > + fad a = + a
¢ A S. =
+ 2 o o "
} fr ry a } ~ L- oy =} _
, } ;

ae — | manerawnates ~ ae - sr
)} a rit vDECtTINAaAtEe. Pseudosti lata
- = 7 r 1 ™— ¢ _ _
27 = > hae, a x eaerurwved
4 he » 4 As b 4 ve J ~\Ae
- qe 7 = ~ . 7
> + ab ¥ 7 = ad Y ¥ ’
2s broad lons; p iory} angular
+ 15 . herw is 1 7 1 7
and not extending bevond the base of the cepnh x ev are
> = he ) ~ =
4 Fat +1, 4 vor 7 wwerso«o ~ +lhe she 4
about one-third as long as tne anaomen. Dorsum of a hdomen bearing
3 a } SY a | :
about a dozen. stout,slightly curved, pectinate bristles Genital
v3 = + . v 4 7 pa L ° 2 id a

= or | a + A ~ oe > "
Under old pieces of wood. Collected by aut at Le

linois. <A few specimens.

Banks.

ae)
nn
A)
Q
uM

Ori ata d.

= +}

a ACE, —
—_ —_ oe

Oribata lucasi Nic.
1855. Oribata lucasi. Nicolet. Arch. Mus. Paris., t.7, p.432,
pl.4, fig. 2.

1884. Oribata lucasi. Michael. Brit. Srige, vVOl.1l, p.462, pl.il,
figs. 1-5.

1898. Oribata lucasi. Michael. Das Tier., lief. 5, D.ce.

1901. Oribata lucasi. Tragardh. Arach. Agypt. Sud., p.lee.
(?)1904. Oribata lucasii. Tragardh. Mon. Arkt. Acar., p.19.

Very dark brown; anterior part of abdomen black, integument
thick, surface smooth.

Cephalothorax pyramidal in form; lamellae about two-thirds as
long as cephalothorax and about one-fourth as broad as long,
truncate in front. Two pairs of rostral hairs present, both pairs
being denticulate; anterior pair shortest and directed forward,
but curved slightly toward the median plane; hind pair straight
and directed almost forward. Interlamellar hairs as long as the
posterior rostral hairs, denticulate and slightly curving away
from the median plane. Pseudostigmatic organ clavate and as long
as the femur.

Abdomen oblong; pteromorphae not extending beyond the margin of
the abdomen and cephalothorax, truncate. Abdomen with a few small
hairs; anal covers twice as long as broad, and situated near the
posterior margin of the ventral plate and twice its length behind
the genital covers. Genital covers about three-fifths as long as
the anal covers. Ventral plate of medium size.

Legs short and stout, subequal in length; first pair two-thirds
as long as the body; tarsus, tibia and femur all of about the same

length; femur over one-half as broad as long;

genual very small,

being about one-third as long as the femur; tibia broad and truncate

at its distal end, where arises a long bristle twice as long as

the segment itself. A similar bristle occurs also on each tibia

of the second pair. (tength 0. 60 mm. 5 breadth

, <i

Under boards and in rubbish.

steerer. Collected by myself, Urbana, Ill.

- r
* "
7 ‘
°
r “
; c
r er
7 4 r
~4
. . r

~ya de

506

rr
ct
md
¢

Abdomen

(
,Sd |]
t
t
r
*r
*
4 a
«
e
a
P
ay
r
G ‘
r r
$
r

ry
4
r-
6
t
t
C
“T
c

, ,
¢ a
e
a
a
a8) ~
t -
o-4 W
? €
4b) ~

Oribata texanay Banks.

1906., Banks. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Nov., 1906. ]
mi. 17, fig. 24

Park reddish brown; integument thick, resistant, dorsum of ab
domen finely punctate, venter roughly rugose.

Cephalothorax as broad as long; central lamellae absent; lateral
lamellae present, but indistinct. There are no lamellar or inter-
‘lamellar hairs. Anterior lateral pair of bristles stout, curved,
and pectinate. There is a posterior lateral pair of bristles, very
similar to the anterior lateral pair, though not so stout, but
longer. Pseudostigmatic organ with long recurved peduncle and
clavate head.

Abdomen globose; pvteromorphae large, almost as long as abdomen,

rounded in front, and extending forward two-thirds the length of

the cephalothorax. Genital covers twoethirds as long as anal covers

and situated about one and one-half times their length in front of
the latter. Anal covers much broader posteriorly than anteriorly
and situated one-third their length from the posterior margin of
the abdomen. Abdomen hairless.

Legs small, with a few hairs. Unguis tridactyle.

Length 0.56 mm. Fi breadth 037mm.@

Under old pieces of lumber. Collected. by the writer, Arcola,

Illinois. Several specimens. -

Chestnut brown; integument granulate.

Cephalothorax three-

ye WwW?
@andaomen ;

and narrow, two-tnirds a the cephalo
uniform width; lateral lamellae very small.
tectopedia for the first pair of legs.

as the lamellae, straight,

lar hairs and slightly curved.
as femur of leg I, recurved, with pointed, c
may be seen from above extending out from und

Abdomen almost as broad a
anterior half of the abdomen, truncate
anterior margin of the abdomen; anterior

Genital cov

phae straight. each almost

Si) Y

Lamella

lamellar hairs equal to the lamellar hairs. but curved
= b

outwards; anterior lateral hairs three-fifths as lo:

Pseudostigmatic orga

not extendin

pteromor=-

—

and much broader at the posterior than at the

situated approximate to the anterior margin of ventral plate; ana] 4;
’ :

covers much larger than genital covers, almost rectangular in Lape A

and situated almost approximate to the posterior margin of ta |
than their length from the genital covers. |

ventral plate and more

Abdomen hairless.

Anterior pair of legs about as long as abdomen, tarsus and tibia
subequal, genual one-half as long as tibia, femur one and one-half
times as long as tibia. All the legs are well clothed with stout,
curved, pectinate bristles. Unguis tridactyle; dactyles unequal.

Length,g.55mm.; readth.o.38mm ,

Under rubbish. Collected by the writer at Urbana, Illinois.

A few specimens.

anteri

or end, and

DH.

Oribatella

189

Integumer

ie |

dac 1" v1 e >

eri

ior

ro
ntear
ntel

convex

abo.

1 ,O.24mm-

h.6.37MmM ;

Oribatella minuta Banks.

1896. 0. minuta Banks. Trans.Amer.Entom.Soc.,vol.25, p.76.

Light chestnut brown; integument of body almost smooth; ptero-
morphae reticulate.

Cephalothorax almost as broad as long, and mostly hidden by the
large lamellae, which extend to about the tip of the rostrum. La-=
mellae very broad, each ending anterioriy in two long, narrow cusps,
one arising from the inner aspect and the other from the lateral

aspect of the lamellae. The two cusps are subequal and projec

almost straight; inner margin markedly convex. A pair of short,
broad tectopedia is present. Lamellar hairs very stout, pectinate,
situated between the two cusps of the lamellae but nearer the inner
cusps, extending about one-fourth their length beyond the tips of

the lamellar cusps; interlamellar hairs similar to lamellar hairs,

but longer and not so stou

ct
=
p=)
ct
@
=
a
°
La {
eed
9
ct
4)
mi
@
fe
ts"
)
fle
a
io7)
“f
@
=)
td
a
ct
(a)
ct
©
Hes §
Qu

markedly pectinate on the lateral edge only. Pseudostigmatic organ
almost as long as the lamellae with a very large clavate head, di-
rected forwards.

Abdomen subglobose; pteromorphae truncate, not extending beyond
the anterior margin of abdomen; anterior free edge slightly concave.
Abdomen with a whorl of eight, short, curved bristles around the
margin. Penita) covers. each about three-fifths as broad as
situated approximate to the anterior margin of ventral plate; anal
covers somewhat larger than genital covers and situated a little
more than their length from the latter, and about one-half their

length from the posterior margin of ventral plate.

OO tin, =———

110,

Anterior pair of legs about as long as abdomen; tarsus and tibla
subequal; genual about one-half as long as the tibia. The genua
and tibia of legs I and II each bear a large, stout, slightly irved
bristle on the outer margin. Unguis tridactyle, dactyles unequa

Length, o.34mm.; breadth,o.26mm.

In moss and under bark of soft maple. Collected by the writer

at Arcola, Illinois, also

—
J
)
‘e
)
tA
d
“4
A

T T : -. Wh ~ Woad T1l14nn%
D. Hood at White Heath, lilt ois.

Several specimens.

Fam. Nothridae.

Cephalothorax with a specialized seta arising from a port
dorsal surface of the abdomen; abdomen without chitinous wing-
expansions; adults usually with hard, chitinous 1 ument ; ly
often rugose or sculptu .

American
Key to Genera

memeaw rugose Or sculptured <<<-<<----9-8 2 enn eee ere ner e ese 2

Body smooth ------------------ ern wee ee ne nen nnn 6.
2. Cephalothorax with lamellae ---<-----------------2----------- 5.

Cephalothorax without lamellae -~-----------2---=----------7-=- 7.
3. Cephalothorax and abdomen fused dorsally --------

Cephalothorax plainly demarcated from ab ON ween enn nn nnn nmn-- 4,
4, Femora without thin peduncl lé@ -----= Cepheus.

Femora with thin peduncles; @ seen eennenn--- 5.
5. Lamellae large, ee aes ae oe

Lamellae solid ridges ----------=-=---===-=----<---=--
6. Last three pairs

Last

three pairs
. : ee TL
7. Legs thin, monilif

Legs

Abdomen without

<9
ad

Dorsum of

dome

nen

aa
SOAS hS oe eo So Se SSS Ss e5 = See ese eS a=

convex

@2 22 oe oe os oe SS SS oe ce Se ce SS SS =e Se Se > ow ow a OD Te = oe oe

10.

oS Sm om ow we == oe ow oO

imal
i
1 |
;
-

Dorsum of abdomen flat, concave, Or UNEVEN eKKHK- KKK ww www nnn nn
10. Dorsum of abdomen carrying cast nymphal skins which snow con-
centric rings; ung

Dorsum of abdomen not carrying nymphal skins showing concentric

rings ans 2. an G6 tk pola, an Gp Gt ad GS ct an um Ob me om US OO mb GR ED OS ES GD BOG OP GP ee om cm ance os ot ae oe on OS oe oe oe ae Oe oe oe ow .

ll. Genital and anal covers separate and inserted in <& large ventra.,

plate ------------------------------- --anan-------~--- Hermannia.

Genital and anal covers only separated by mm n; no ventral
‘plate = = we me ce ue BO me 20 om Sn SS Oe ES S® SD EO ED BD 3 OS we ao Oe OS SS SS SS SS OD Om Oe GS GO ES OS OF EP SS ED BE Oe Be ow Oe ee ee we ee oe oe ee oe oe oe o
12. Body cylindrical; unguis monodactyle ------------

Body oval; unguis tridactyle - enter ----=- Tumidalvus.

13. Tectopedia present for legs II ---------- -
No tectovedia for legs II] e------=22-----+---=:

1898. Liacarus Michael. Das. Tier., Lief 3. 1898, p.40.

Cephalothorax with lamellae, plainly rom abdomen:

body smooth; last three pairs of legs

rma nn

asp is

Noté

1804

LA TL

ephalotnaorax

Notaspis aequalis Mich.
1890. Notaspis aequalis. Michael. Proc. Zool. Soc. BONGWs Pleo?

Dae. 5.

1898. Notaspis aequalis. Michael. Das foer., lief.3, pnp. 46.
Uniform brown; integument smooth and moderately tough.
Cephalothorax broad and rather pointed in front. Lamellae nar-

row and continuous with the translamellae; lamellar hairs Straight,

as long as the femur of leg 1, and slightly inclined toward the
median plane; hairs denticulate; rostral hairs long, denticulate
and converging towards the median plane. Pseudostigmatic organ
Short and thick, clavate.

Abdomen globose; progaster with a boss on each side,

Wihlicn bears

@ large curved bristle, pointing backward. Abdomen with a very

few short hairs. Ventral plate large; anal covers almost approx=
imate to the margin of the abdomen. They are one-half as long

again as the genital covers, which are situated twice the length
of the anal covers in front of the

Posterior pair of legs longest, being about
domen. Anterior pair three-fourths as long as the
Femur and tarsus of the first pair subequa

thirds as broad as long; genual one-third as long as tl

U
a)
©
a)
@
=
S
5%

tibia as long as the tarsus and three ti
end as at the proximal end. There is
leg 1, as long as the Segment itself. A similar but

er bristle is present on the anterior

and the tibia of leg 4.

Under boards and in rubbish. steers «= Collected by

myself, Urbana, Illinois. Several specimens.

Notaspis berlesei new name.

1900. Oppia lucorum. Berlese. Gli, Acari Agrari, o.100.

Dark reddish brown; integument thick and hard.

Cephalothorax about one-third as long as the body. lLamellae
small, each a mere ridge about as long as the cephalothorax;
lamellar hairs longer than the cephalothorax, straight and pecti-
nate; pseudostigmata low, cylindrical; pseudostigmatic organ short,
clavate, with a spherical head; interlamellar hairs subequal to
lamellar hairs; rostral hairs almost equal to lamellar hairs and
but slightly curved.

Abdomen circular in outline from above; dorsum with three light
spots on each side; anal covers almost twice as long as the genital
covers; genital covers situated about twice their length in front
of the anal covers; dorsum of abdomen with four rows of prominent,
curved, pectinate bristles, there being about six bristles in each
of the outer rows and four in each of the inner rows. There is a
long, straight bristle on the "shoulder" of the abdomen.

Legs subequal; posterior pair not extending beyond the margin

of the abdomen. (Length 0.80 mm.; breadth 0.52 mm. )

Under bark. Collected by myself, Arcola and Homer, Ill. Sev-=

eral specimens.

= ¥, : =~
Warb.a

1905. N. sculptilis Warburton and Pearce. Proc.Z001l.Soc
Smee sp. 567, pl. 20, fig. 2.

This mite, as was suggested by the original describe
species, can be easily distinguished by the peculiar des
chitinous ridges on the cephalothorax and the dorsum of

Light brown; integument somewhat granular, but thin,
and smooth.

Cephalothorax three-fifths as long as abdomen and tw

broad as long. The cephalo

make the following desig

wards and inwards for one

of the pseudostigmatic organ, thence they extend directly
for a somewhat shorter distance. There is a transverse

5 ra ot
rs of the )
Hi
_.) 1 i
7 Oo “AT = e i
ign Vi Loe |
- |
Hh
Hii)
TWN,
tne abdomen H
LILe aUadomMmetl |
bs | > |
rw eat ta =
OY Lt ob 9 i}
1
Hit
HH
> -) -_ -
Oo-thnirds as

forwards
ridge joining

these two ridges at their angles. Between the pseudostigmata there

is a U-eshaped ridge, the base of the U lying against the posterior
Margin of the dorsovertex and each of the legs extending forwards
tO the angle of the lateral ridges. On the dorsum of the abdomen
there is a similar but much broader Ueshaped ridge, but in this case
the base of the ridge lies along the anterior margin of the dorsum
While the legs extend backwards. Pseudostigmata circular, low;

pseudostigmatic organs long, recurved, with thin peduncle and cla-

vate, pectinate head. I find that the pseudostigmatic organs are
not quite so stout as in Warburton's and Pearce'’s figure, but agree

well with their description. Palpi prominent.

Abdomen oval, two-thirds as broad as long. Genital covers al-
most rectangular in shape, situated approximate to the anterior mare
gin of ventral plate; anal covers similar in shape to genital covers
but much longer, situated their length from the genital covers.

The legs are rather short; subequal in length except the pos-
1

He]
ct
m
Oo
my
ct
pb’
14)

terior pair, which is slightly the longest. Segme
Swollen or moniliform; which fact, together with the fact that this
species has no true lamellae would put the species in the genus
Damaeus as well as Notaspis. Tarsus of leg I somewhat longer than
the tibia; genual fully one-half as long as tibia; femur as long as |
tarsus and tibia taken together. Unguis monodactyle. yi
Length,039mm.,; breadth,o.17mm . |
Under an old log. Collected by the writer at Urbana, Illinois.

Two specimens.

Damaeus tecticola Mich.

1888. Damaeus tecticola. Michael. Brit. Orib., vol.2, p.416,
mas OO, fig. l.
1895. Belba mirabalis. Karpelles. Math.naturw. Ber. Ungarn.,vol.2,
p. 85.
1895. Belba tecticola. Berlese. Acar. Mir. Scor., fasc,77, ur.9.
sof. Damaeus tecticola. Michael. Das Tier., lief.3, p.58.
Chestnut brown, integument thick and tough.
Cephalothorax broader than long; rostrum of medium length and
rounded in front; rostral hairs stout, curving strongly toward
the median plane; palpi of five segments and as long as the genual,
each terminating in two spines; basal segment of the palpus much
the longest; second segment one-third as long as segment 1 and
three and one-half times as long as segment 2; segments 4 and 5
subequal. Pseudostigmatic organ setiform, denticulate and as
long as the femur of leg 1.

Abdomen globular, broader than long, with about a dozen, short,
thick, curved, denticulate bristles; ventral plate of medium size;
anal covers situated about their length from the dorsal margin of
the abdomen, and one-half their length from the genital covers.

Legs very long; hind pair much the longest; first pair of legs
half as long again as the body; femur and tarsus subequal in length;
genual small and short, scarcely one-third as long as the femur;
tibia twice as long as the genual; tarsus almost globular at its

distal end. The legs bear Many stout, curved, denticulate bristles.

All the segments except the genual are clavate. fee) er

breadth 0.42 mm.

In moss and rubbish. rete tatr tts. «6S Collected by

myself, Urbana, Illinois. A few specimens.

Si. SS eee

m
co)
e)
“4

)

ean i
=e @)
}
aS

pha]

nym

LATS

a Vy ln ¢ 2 =F
aLotnorax

.]
st

Cep]

S|
=
2
°
re)

ure

Sut

nsverse

“a

thout

biverruca

Nothrus

ere Se ae

Tie) Gwe

1840. N. biverrucatus C. L. Koch. Crust.Myr.Arach

x ft SiG be gl Go Ce 3 6 ©
1888. N. biverrucatus Michael. Brit. Orib., vol.2, p.510,pl.47A4,
figs. 6-10.
2998. N. biverrucatus Michael. Das Tier., lief. 3, p.71l.

park yellowish brown; integument granulate.

Cephalothorax broader than long. Two small tubercles project |
from the apex of the rostrum, each ending ina stout, curved, pec-
tinate bristle, about twice as long as the tubercle from which it
extends, and inclined very much towards the median plane. Pseudostig
mata cylindrical. Their height is about equal to their diameter;
pseudostigmatic organ short, capitate and slightly pectinate. tlt

Abdomen almost twice as long as broad; the upper surface slightly li
concave. The abdomen has about sixteen small, curved, pectinate i}
bristles situated close to the margin; posterior bristles somewhat |
fevcer than the anterior bristles. From the posterior margin of the i)

= i
abdomen near the median line project two large cylindrical tul cles |
from each of which extends a small, curved, pe > bristle. Gen- .

ital covers almost tangular ir

—

eee

.
J
=>
Y
.
~
‘
me
~~)
i
a

much

triangular

and

lected

creay:

ger
st
Col

|
i

than posterior]
t lon

=I
~

somewna

‘a
i

‘urved

Leg I almo:

In mo

but

Nie

L
ayia if
Geiicd

ana

HOPLODERM

A 1

rer 7
me Ww 24s Y

c >
te

Li CcNne

in
sa,

ws v

ma
acaneees
aa

specializ
r

ody comp¥essed;
1s monodact

b
Hoplode:

eral corner

With a
lat
same ;

Ungui
1898.

Unguis mon

;
i
fe
|
€

spe

ee —=-

+
<x

Phthiracarus
Unguis monodaci

}
Ss

otundus n.sp.

Brown; integument granulate. | |
? —] e

Cephalothorax fully one-half as long as the abdomen and about

one-half as high as long. There is a small chitinous ridge around My
the ventral edge of the cephalothorax; this ridge projects forwards
and laterally about as far as the width of one of the dactyles of Wi

jtarsus I. The cephalothorax bears two pairs of very fine hairs,

those of the anterior pair being shorter than those of the posterior

pair. Pseudostigmata round, disk-like; in diameter each equal to i
the width of tibia 1; pseudostigmatic organ about twice as long as |
the diameter of the pseudostigma. Palpi very prominent.

Abdomen almost as high as long; the upper half of the anterior li

Margin concave, the lower half of the anterior margin straight. The
>) = S

posterior part of the abdomen is rounded; ventral margin of abdomen |

convex. The abdomen bears about six pairs of small hairs on the
dorsal aspect.
Legs two-thirds as long as cephalothorax; all subequal; tarsus HV

donger than tibia; unguis large and stout, about as long as the Hit
at
tarsus from which it extends, and tridactyle, dactyles equal. ii

Length, 0.76mm.; height,o52mm. hl

Under a log. Collected by the author at Eola Junction, I11l 1

wu iY 9

One specimen.

Phthiracarus flavus n.sp.

| Light yellow, darker parts light yellowish brown; inte;
/cephalothorax and abdomen pitted.

Cephalothorax one-half as long as abdomen and

high, rounded in front. The cephalothorax bears three pairs of
prominent bristles; the anterior pair about as long as the cephalo-

thorax is high;

die of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax, slightly

the posterior pair, which is situated above the pseudostigma

two-thirds as long as situated

the cephalothorax.

approximate to the posterior ventral surface of the cephalothorax,

Gval in shape; pseudostigmatic organ two-thirds as

posterior pair of bristles. Without head, but slight

towards the distal end. Mout

+ eas) = manent: a po enean atl ae sae es
nh parts lay Ee, stout, ana prominent.

There is a very slight ridge running forwards from

to the anterior margin of the cephalothorax.

Abdomen pointed behind; ventral margin strongly convex, anterior
Margin with a deep notch to allow room for the pseudo-stigmata and
pseudostigmatic organs. The abdomen is deeply pitted; pits of about

the same size and arranged in longitudinal

least fourteen pairs of prominent

on either side of the median plane;

just below this row on either side of the

just posterior to the notch in the anterior margin of

@ similar pair situated about their

length posterior to this pai
@ pair situated about one-half the distance from the anterior to
_the posterior end of the abdomen and their length above the ventral
Margin of the same; and three pairs of bristles situated around the
ventral margin of dorsum. The genital and anal covers together exe

tend almost the entire length of the abdomen: inner margin of gen-

ital covers straight; inner margin of anal covers slightly convex;

the middle pair, which is situated at about the mid-

the pseudostigmata

—

genital covers each with a few very minute hairs; anal
With six prominent subequal bristles, somewhat longer than t
Of one of the anal covers.

Anterior pair of legs equal in length 1 cephalothorax
somewhat stouter than the others; tarsus of leg I fully one and
half times as long as the tibia. All the legs are well clothed
With rather long, simple bristles. Unguis tridactvle;, dactyles
unequal.

Length,o.78mm.; height,o.42mm.

Mf + Ar h « | Oda ennw 4 Tr haw i oe ee ~
Collected by He. WlasSfow at Urbana. Litlimnois: One

In moss.

€
-
»

specimen.

one

—

=
a |
oC
~
- ae
ae P

ent ;

at
LLL

segm
1836.

Tydeus cardinalis n.sp.

Bright red; legs somewhat paler than the body.

Cephalothorax small and almost twice as broad as long. Beak
about as long as the cephalothorax. The cephalothorax bears a
single pair of prominent, recurved bristles, about as long as the
jcephalothorax itself, at the anterior margin near
There is a single pair of eyes situated at the extreme postero-lat-
eral aspect of the cephalothorax. Beak hairless. Mandibles sharp,
pointed, each with two subequal bristles near the middle of the
outer margin. Palpi large, about twice as long as the beak; second

segment much the longest; third segment three-fifths as long as

segment two; fourth segment two-thirds as long as third; distal seg-

ment very small, rudimentary. All the segments of the palpi bear
a few simple bristles except the proximal one; segment IV has on

its inner distal margin a small, chitinous hook; segment V is armed

at its distal end with two large, stout bristles, which are inclined

inwards and apparently are adapted for grasping and holding prey.
Abdomen almost twice as long as broad; bearing two prominent,
slightly curved, simple, shoulder bristles, somewhat longer than
the width of leg I; two pairs of somewhat longer, sharply recurved
bristles are situated at the anterior margin of abdomen; the inner
pair being about one-half its length from the median plane; the
outer pair being just between the eyes; a pair of bristles is site

uated near the middle of the dorsal surface of the abdomen and ver

near the median plane. There is a row of five bristles on each side

of the abdomen about one-half the distance from the median plane to
the lateral margin; two pairs of bristles are situated near the tip

of the abdomen; the inner straight, and situated slightly above the

ad =—

lateral margin; the outer curved and situated slightly below

lateral margin. Anus at the tip of the abdomen and slightly

+hea
VILE

ventral

les
4. we

in position; just behind it are two small short, stout bristle
Legs subequal in length; first pair of legs slightly sho
& b] >

than the length of the body; distal segment of leg I
half times as long as penultimate segment.

legs have approximately the same width
, >

P = Liane tha . 7
excepting the basal

which is somewhat broader than the rest. Claws of legs bifid

with a small narrow caruncle between the dactyles. Tarsus o

leg terminating in a few long, simple bristles; tarsi

f lar
OL 4t OE

ral

II broad at the tip; tarsi of legs III and IV not broadened
tip.

Length , 0. 38mm, breadth, 620mm.

In moss. Collected by the writer at Urbana, Illinois.

specimen.

actyle,
f each
s 1 and

at the

A single

Palpus with thumb;

Without large, spin

—
vv &

ly in groups of

not swollen; mandibles

four longitudinal rows

Four promi

cephalothorax; anterio}

No projecting tuber

2 i |

5. Body twice as long

legs very stout -------

Body not twice as

4. Paloi

Palpi

sti

Oo. Eyes present; legs

am] ay Sea ee fern ayy
BYC€S andsent or inais

1836.

Fam >

TETRANYCHIDAE.

as 2 +e
va re ~ Net be de
ve Gem Uli id i
mere 5 he ran Vata tate
Vile icy ft Vil JIS of
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_ y ak Ww LAP me aged LG
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=) . JAA ATLG 4 $40
sy Bye =~ oo = =-
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& UAD Lik 10) wd LAilt
ah ° 12 +) 4 on -
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wee ‘9 -PAaA+V4 > hace
wy til b 3 CSS + Vil gy

‘obia Koch.

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Lice ‘ 4.
an Genera.

o
Sgn 28
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WUC
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ich
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- = = = = Je
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= = =p oe => oe oe oe OD
Ch aie Poe & 4 SR ee om = om ow oD Se
— oe
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I ae Lhe
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iS Vt VA + Ps el ee ee
2

at dat oti Arh yru|aet Marr ranh ‘ -
1é y OD Am Ko Ulie Cr Une Ue WML y ie Ay G&Ulle 5 LaoGe Se

‘
4

Body with fou
gin of cephalc
pai ol

mat

Bryobia pratensis Garman.
1885. Bryobia pratensis Garman. 14th Rep. State Entom.of I111.,1885,
p- 75.

1885. Bryobia pallida Garman. 14th Rep.State Entom.of 111. ,1885,
p- 74.

1890. Bryobia pratensis Marlatt. Insect Life, [, 1890, p.45.
ADULT.

Body dark, reddish brown, blotched with black; legs paler.
Integument finely striated.

Cephalothorax one-half as long as abdomen, oval in front; two
small eyes on each side near lateral margin, very close together.
From the anterior margin of the abdomen extend four long tubercles
all united into a common base and each bearing a prominent scale.
The two inner tubercles are not so stout as the outer and bear
smaller scale-like bristles. Striations in the central part of

cephalothorax transverse but curved, the convexity of the curve

being anterior; striations on the sides nearly longitudinal. Mouth
parts small, invisible from above.

Abdomen two-thirds as broad as long. There is a longitudinal

depression on each side of the abdomen extending the entire length

of the same. The striations on the abdomen are transverse in their

general direction but are wavy. Abdomen with four rows of scale-
like bristles: two inner rows of three bristles each and two outer
rows of four bristles each. There are six seal:
the posterior margin of the abdomen.

Anterior pair of legslongerthan the body;

=)
@
i]

=)
pat
lal
o
so
a)
-
m
ct
jp
@
1¢)
oe
Le
(@)
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3
pen

Se ea = = = 3 —

| |
Tarsus of leg 1 two-thirds as long as tibia and about equal to the

antepenultimate segment; bearing at its distal end two rather long
tactile bristles. All the legs are rather sparsely clothed with
stout, slightly curved, pectinate bristles. Claws small. i

Length 0.75mm, ; breadth ,p,y3mm., i

LAST NYMPHAL STAGE.

The young of Bryobia pratensis just before the last ecdysis are
very Similar to the adult forms except in color. Instead of being il
dark, reddish brown, they are greenish, with the body showing dark
granulations, due in part at least to the food contents.

The anterior pair of legs are shorter than in the adult: the
body is smaller and not so flat; the integument is not so thick and
the middle pair of tubercles at the anterior margin of the abdomen

are narrower.

Bright red; body almost circular but slightly

integument of cephalothorax smooth, of abdomen striated.
Cephalothorax two-thirds as long as abdomen; eyes prominent,
two on each side, approximate to each other. Epistome as broad as
long, oval in front; mandibles three-fourths as long as palpi; seg-
ment two of palpus as broad as_long, much broader distally than
proximally. Distal segment of palous ending in a stout claw; thumb
as broad as long, not extending to tip of palpus and bearing a long,

stout spine almost as long as the palpal claw. The cephalothorax

bears six large pectinate bristles: a large pair at the anterior

Margin equal to the mandibles in length, and two smaller pairs, one

in front of the eyes and one behind the eyes. On each side of the ;
epistome not far from itsbase is situated a short horn almost as
broad as long.

Abdomen as broad as long, bearing dorsally fourteen marginal
bristles and two longitudinal rows of four bristles each.

Three pairsof legs, the anterior pair but slightly longer than
the rest. Tarsus of leg I, slightly longer than the tibia; tibia

longer than antepenultimate segment. Claws of tarsus stout, much

more so than in the nymph or adult stages. Legs with several rather
long bristles.
Length ,026mm,; breadth o.20mm.
he (ia
JuTTO eo
Red, granular, spherical. The eggs are commonly laid under
bark and may often be found under the bark of soft maple, apple,

or hickory.

— te —

143

nit
nt BI
“it
ave
mf
an
4} |
}!
it
ii
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>} |
eS
.

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2
)

Qdann.

CSC. Acar

Re
WU i

shyllobius

Neo

1886

}
Wi Uid

norax

+
Va

Cephalo

co Ne ae

Neophyllobius @Zarti n-s

Body brownish red blotched with patches of black; legs a
pale red; integument finely striated.

There is apparently no division between the cephalothora
the abdomen. From the anterior part of the body projects a
like expansion which partially conceals the mouthparts; this
called the epistome. The epistome is about three-fifths as
long, being broadest at the base and oval in front. The man
project slightly beyond the epistome; palpi one and one-half
as long as the epistome and extending beyond the mandibles.
palpus ends in a stout claw and has also a thumb, which is a
long as the palpal claw. Each palpus bears about a half doz

bristles of varying length.

Body oval; two-thirds asbroad as long and bearing about

dozen large, stout plumose spines, each of which is situated
small tubercle. From the anterior margin of the body extend
bristles, one along either side of the epistome and equal to
length; six bristles are situated at the posterior margin of

Legs very long; anterior pair twice as long as the body;

pair of legs about one-half as long as anterior pair; th

two-thirds as long as the anterior pair; fourth pair equal t

first pair. Tarsus of leg I about two-fifths as long the

tibia two-f long as the entire leg; a

ifths as antepenult imate
very short, about one-third as long as tarsus. Each of the
bears a few short bristles; none of the segments swollen.

Length ,0oymm,; breadth,o4ymm.
In moss. Collected by C. A. Hart at Carbondale,

One specimen.

two

ird pair

o the

Tlilinois.

This species differs from N. americanus Banks in many ways.
The second pair of legs instead of being equal to th

are not over one-half as long None of the tarsi

this species as in N. americanus andfione of the

tactile bristle.

146.

~)
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re
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LOVUGKe
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subequal; body

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4.
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4
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4

in C

OWS.

Red; body completely covered with small; darker, areas arranged
like mosaic work. These areas are all of abou ume size but
are very irregular in shape; between them i network ight,
yellowish red integument. Legs granulate.

Cephalothorax composing almost one-half of the body and similar
to the abdomen in shape; anterior margin oval. <A single pair of
eyes is present near the side of the cephalothorax, between legs I
and If. The cephalothorax bears four pairs of stout, stiff, slight-
ly clavate bristles arranged around the outer margin. Mandibles

less than one-half as lon

as broad as long, broader

third segment as broad as long; fourth segmen
S? S

as third segment and ending in a stout, slight

short, cylindrical, two-thirds as broad as lo

the tip of the palpal claw. Palpi apparently

Tetranychus tessellatus n.sp.
—— ee ——-- oe

— . T., Ya iP Se |
pment threeefifths
a+ +he Saka } aa
at Loe UL ta ena
i
les _ Tanne ~
Hail aS 1tO0Ong again

X C1

long an

htly curved claw; thumb

| my +
a n OL rditi dt ee

above, segment two bears two large, slightly curved and slightl

pectinate bristles;

also
middle and a small,

least three bristles; thumb with several bris

Abdomen similar

part of the posterior margin, which is

ian
ph)
ba
rs)
wi
ct

bearing seven stout, stiff, slightly clavate

rows of three bristles each; two bristles on
and two pairs of bristles on the posterior

outer pair being the largest.

in shape to cephalothorax,

Legs short; anterior pair about three-fifths a

fut

second pair of legs three-fourths as long as

s long as

¢ * $ Ss qe ths
lor pair; third

extending t

pair of legs equal to second
anterior pair. All
ly curved spines;

tactile bristle.

the tarsal segments.

Length ,o.y6mm,; breadth,0.32mm.

In moss. Collected by the writer at

specimens.

Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey.

1892. Tetranychus bimaculatus Harvey. Rept.Maine Agri.Exp.Sta.
1892, p.133, pl. III.

1900. Tetranychus bimaculatus Banks. Tech.Bull.No.8, Div.Ent.,U.S.
Dept.Agri., 1900, p.73.

This species varies greatly in color, as stated by Harvey. I

have specimens which are pale green with a large black patch
ing over about one-half of the abdomen. The majority of the speci-
mens are pale red with irregular areas of black granulations on each
side. This variation in color is due, according to Harvey, to age
and the food contents of the abdom He found that young individ-
uals free from food contents were a pale yellowish green and that
the older mites were orange or red. The black granulations, ac-
cording to Harvey, are due to food contents. He states that in full
fed specimens the body is entirely dark colored. It
to note in connection with this subject the close resemblance in
color variations of T. bimacu ulatus and Bryobia pratensis. In the
case of Bryobia pratensis the young are pale green while the adults
are brownish red; the food contents may in this case cause dark
granulations to appear in the abdomen but not so prominently asin

Zi. bimaculatus.

Cephalothorax in most specimens not well demarcated f

abdomen. In specimens in which the division between th:

thorax and the abdomen is evident I find the former to be about onee-

half as long as the latter. Two eyes present on each side of cepha-

lothorax not far from the lateral margin and about midway between

the anterior and posterior margins of the cephalothorax. Mandibl les

almost as long asthe palpi; second segment of palpus two-thirds as

broad as long; third segment broaderthan long; fourth segment equal
in length to third segment and ending in a stout, curved claw; thumb
almost as broad as long, not extending beyond tip of claw. A stout

spine is sitwted at the tip of the thumb, about one-third

as long and about one-half as long as the thumb itself. Near this
spine are. situated two small hairs, and not far from the base of the
thumb is a second stout spine, similar to the one at the distal end

but smaller. The thumb bears also near itsbase a bristle which

pete
5
R

about as long as the segment itself. Segments two, three, and four
each bear a long, curved, simple bristle.

Abdomen three-fourths as broad as long,
for a small median projection at the anal region. Abdomen with about
eight pairs of long, curved bristles.

Legs subequal; sparsely clothed with rather long, curved bris-
tles. The claws are tetradactyle but the dactyles are all united
into a single base. Extending above and beyond the claw of the
tarsus are four straight, subequal bristles with swollen distal ends.

Near the base of the claw are situated two slightly curved, simple

bristles about twice as long as the claw itsel
Length,o.yymm.; breadth,0.2ymm.
Very common under bark and on leavesof various plants. This

species is generally distributed over the United States.

eS ee

rojecti

|
|
}
|
!
|

Tetranychoid:

904.
No

a . - .
—— ee

Tetranychoides nigra n.sp.

Body black; legs

Cephalothorax broader than long, about one-t
abdomen. There are about half a dozen smal r

of the cephalothorax.
without thumb; distal segment of palpus arising
ultimate segment and ending
penultimate segment as

~ ~ rm a
long segment

as long. All the segments i are

bristles of medium length. Mandibles

Abdomen almost as broad as long

, rounded
small, very short bristles.

Anterior pair of legs
two-thirds as long as anterior

second pair; last pair of
of leg I three-fourths as long
Segment. Claws sharp, stout;
the others; caruncle si
as long as the
curved, simple bristles.

Leng th 0.94 mm; breadth, 0.62mm.

Under old boards and logs. Collected by the

Urbana, and Mahomet, Illinois.

spar

Several specimens

Palpus about as long as th

ArnA
ana

and about

+ * ¥ 7 +t Al 2 pf
than the body; seco

third pair lon

Al
na

d a ]
on
G a 1 8
ym end

Vis

Te T
Leg 1,

ene

- Tl age
ies
rtoD y

sely clothed with
4 Pa) 5, aan ys
about one-half aslong as palpi.

d; with a few

two-thirds

“s

)

“4

+f
as

)

On
wl a
mC

Ann e
LV¢&

4
‘
nani = Mao TR

phus Dug

ic
5

neve
nge
mandibles

atpus

Pe
Ae

Bright red; ends of Legsfriii te.

Cephalothorax not separatedfrom abdomen; median groove very long,
about one-third as long as the entire body, enlarges at both ends.
From the enlarged posterior end extends two bristles about three
timesps long as the bristles which clothg the body. There isa
Single pair of eyes situated on the sides of the cephalothorax above

the second pair of legs. Palpus two-thirds as long as the tarsus

of leg 1, penultimate segment fully twice as long as broad, distal
segment as broad as long and ending in a stout claw which is site

2 .
uated on the inner side; thumb small, cylindrical, equal to palpal

claw in length.

The dorsal surface of the body

scale-like bristles. The legs are
The bristles on the body are irregularly arranged; those on the legs

are arranged in rows. The body is broadest between the second and

third pairs of legs, and is rounded posteriorly.

Anterior pair of legs as long as the body; tarsus three-fourths

as long as tibia and slightly broader; tibia longer than antipen-
ultimate segment. The posterior pair of legs equal to the anterior

> ty Os Ge oe on qrared arn = Pa = > prea ce
pair; tarsus not swollen, about one-half as long as tibia

two-thirds as long as ant@penultimate segment. Claws, bidactyle,

the dactyles being spread apart. Claws of tarsusi of legs I are
not situated upon pedicels, claws of the other tarsi situated on
small, narrow tarsal pedicels.

Length ,@134mm,; breadth,0.6¢m.

Under bark. Collected by the writer at Urbana, Illinois. ‘Two

specimens.

———

Body black; legs and palpi yellowish

with rather short, stiff bristles.

There is no sharp demarcation between the cephal:

domen. Cephalothorax is narrowed in front

beak-like appearance. Mandibles almost

organ of mandible about one-half as long

Next to last segment of palpus broader

palpus as broad at its base as it is long

on its inner distal aspect; thumb small

to the end of palpal claw.

Abdomen twoe-thirds as broad as long;

sometimes showing a slight constriction

Anterior pair of legs longer than the

swollen, three-fifths as long as tibia;

penultimate segment. The tarsi of the

very short and swollen, being about three-fifths

each bears a thick row of stout, straigh

border, the spines being one-half as longs

ment. Claws of medium size, situated o
Length joomm.; breadth, o.74mm .
Crawling upon the bark of elm trees

at the University campu

Rhyncholophus niger n.sp.(?)

manadinie
ManlalLoyLtc

, Urbana, Illinois

a i

ceeemanemmmapeeesiots nein — ao

eee

RR he aT

@
bas
~
oO
we

=
=
=~
=
2
Bo
MM
++
RD
es

specimen.

One

from whi
as the entire length of th oove; ant lorly the groove is contin-
ued into a small tubercle as broad as high, fron ich extend our

prominent bristles each about one-third as long a: he mandibles.

Mandibles as long a palpi. S§ ! Seg? palpus one-half
= 5 a mae +h wal - ‘ os L %
as broad as long; third nen oadel ! he =
> | = a -
thirds as broad ¢ x 1 segment scarcely third

= bd aS =e
= ae S = i. :
ec cs ll i i a

in length na weak cle thumb rathe 1.
Abdomen two-thirds as broad as long ounded ¢ rly.

penultimate - Second pair of legs about ti as 1
as the anterior pair; tarsus slightly swollen. The tarsus of leg IV
is very much swollen, about three-f as broad as le and about

one-half as long as til

Length,/.22mm.; breadth,9,g0mm ,

= 3 Fi | saan ame ews a | i, Pe mI ened T
Under dead clover and grass. Collected by J. D. Hood at Ur-
bana, ITllinoi Se a VO specime e
$ : ae a ey ee + + tne 3 f = = — -
This igs one of > pecies that I used r omy xperiments upon
locomotion and also upon the sense of smell.

Body clothed wit
lated clothed with simple hairs.

No apparent demarcation be

dian groove very short, not extending as far a he eve and
at both ends; from the posterior expansion of the , re arises t 1

long bristles, each as long as the groove itself. The groove is con-

tinued into a broad low tubercle at its ant nd ‘rom whicl |
;
}
)

eee

f
»
=
]
ct
~p
a’

segment of palpus one-half as bros

broader, being almost as broad as long; fourth gs it very

bearing the palpal c on its inner, distal aspect and the

its outer distal Th C te, eq al to ] lL claw in

length and bearing several bristles long as the segment itself.
Abdomen ad posteriorly; three-fi as br as long.

Anterior pe
swollen, equal

er than tibia.

pair; third pai:

2 3 2 2 7 ; ! me = PI 2 2 Sa 3 7
terior pair of legs equal to anterior pair. Tarsi of last three
2 Qo “ = ae - =
pairs of legs much ; tarsus of last pair of legs one-half as
broad as as l as the tibia; tibia longer
- eo od So ah = 5 = J > 4

En Ss

than the Tarsal cl on sle
pedicels.

Length, |.lomm. ; breadth,0,6omm,

Found crawling over plowed ground, by the writer at Arcola,

Illinois.

Q
OY

ted

situa

lorax
mandi

t- To
ft

epn t
oneé=-%

C alo
Dorsal groove extendi:

pairs of legs
tubercle bearing
again as the

about

not large; thumb not

Abdomen slightly

clothed with short pec

Anterior pair of

ly longer than the ant

subequal, each being

pair. Tarsus of leg

tibia and antepenultimate

one-fourth as long as

penultimate segment.

bristles.

Length 0,9§mnm., bre:

In a gall of the

at Urbana, 111.

three about two-thirc

,a+

co)

/
4

-
Fam.

thumb

A
u

Wi’

CA Li © YU

ana

STMeL tL

N=)

y
ti wu

seme)

a
>

Distal

1821. Trombidium scaSerum Say. Jour.Acad.Nat

Dp. 69.

1859. Le Conte. Edit.,II, 1859,

ve 8..b
1894. Trombidium scrum Banks.

Bright red,

eégs and palpi pa

clavate hairs; legs and palpi sparse

pectinate hairs.
Cephalothorax almost entirely

part of the abdomen. One pair

margin of the cephalothorax; These

about one-half as long
as long as the body of
one-half as broad as long; third
fourth segment longer
thumb large, clavate, and almost
combined. All the segments are

ment four has a few brist

the base of the claw; bristles on

Abdomen pyriform; covered with

3
Situated behind the hind coxae,

broad.

J
ei

pair of legs equal

one-half their length beyond the

Leng th,2.25mm.; breadth 1.0mm.

Collected by the writer near Urbana, I

pai

166

.
.
4
>
.
.
= =
*) —
—_
os
a
si}
‘4 =
+i} >
4 4
ae, (a
5 >
Bg
MH )
i i Ho AJ
tn
= j
‘ '
-
; ' o a
+i
.
it
i 4
J /
4
i} 5 |
— 7 J
—4i} i - =i
= +
“ a4 y)
~ LY
4 ‘
=
= j 4
“|
4
i
’ ‘
4° =
~{
oa | past
4i =|
EA
~, i)
+ i ./
' ae
™ U2
bel | 2
wt,
“> a
at |
ae a3
sj >
4

1882.
D avy <

UNS SMALL C!

eee!

uUSUE

ee Le ee Ce AGS

— oo —

Microtrombidium muscarum (Riley).

Bright red; body sparse
which appear tuberculate under high magnification.
have a beau

fication the hairs itiful echinulate app

transmitted light give a purple color when viewed
Cephalothorax broader than long; dorsal groove
the ent

@ circular area having two tubercles, from each of

; f
long,simple bristle almost as long as the groove i
: 7 Saat a SATA Gntaanad) meat AOE ie ey at er?

Single pair of eyes on cylindrical pedicels about

broad as long, near the lateral margin of the cey

ae | ha abel cesta a ac a] A I a, ep ee =
about midway between the anterior and posterior margins

Mandibles two-thirds as

hair near the base of the chelae. Segment one of

as long; segment two fully twice as long as

broad as long; segment four ending in two stout claws

being much the larger; thumb rather sh
as long and not extending beyond the base of th

the segments of the palpi have hairs simi

and segment four has three or four longer simple hz

of the claws.

Abdomen oval; almost two-thirds as broad as long

or other irregularities on the dorsal

almost circular, situ

rd
©
©
bey

y clothed with short pe

ire length of the cephalothorax and expandec

earance and with

Lrom tne 5 ae.
aw + ~ 7
ex nding almost
" =
~ 0 te
d poste: y into

CXTeY ids a
tava €¢ Mm} (7
CSCil. inere sa
two=-tl

= 2 a
alpa ts S- it
ose of the body,

s a ae oe y Sai roe + a hey = } + 7
Anterior pa of iegs two-thirds as long as body; tarsus swollen

twice as long as broad; penultimate segment two-thirds a

tarsus; antipenultimate

of legs three-fourths as long asthe anterior

segment equal to penultimate Second pair

ve I

ee ee

—

— —— —_

smaller than the second pair and about three-fifths as long as the
posterior pair. All the legs sparsely clothed w
to those of the body. The tarsi of the last three pairs of legs
bear rather stout claws; those of the anterior pair of legs bear
much smaller claws.

Length, 093mm. ; breadth 053mm .

, 7% re . } — A +. + Py ge L ya Ee | 7 rae Le
Under an old log. Collected by the writer at Mahomet, linois.
J vy a

ee — z

Microtrombi

Red ; body thick] y ¢ lothed

about uniform size; legs and palpi

ilar but usually longer bristle

}

Cephalothorax small; almos:

median groove present, small,

cephalothorax; mandibles scarcely

segment two of palpus about one-?%

three as broad as iong; segment
and ending in two stout claws
larger; thumb of palpus lon

tip of the palpal claws. All
With pectinate bristles, whict
enlarged around the base of the

Abdomen almost

of the abdomen and at the post

™
ule
B
puis
fre
%
by
ct
o
ct
bs
ch
}
‘=
QO
¢
je
best
t~
®
t
ig
¢
e
6

ee ere ee ee =

posterior margin of this elevated

Anterior pair of legs three

in length; penultimate segment
the antipenultimate segment.
the end of the segment
Length > breadth

Collected by the writer ne

a a ee eee

= =
=] S|
SA L.

A OO Oe

Body black, clothed with pectin
abdomen constricted at about

thorax.

Cephalothorax small, narrow, tw:

eyes on each side

to both. Hairs on cephalothorax fe
abdomen; median groove promir ae

the palpi.

segment three

ing in two black cl the outer b

species has large

Abdomen

na ‘. ae In ge
@imost as bore

stricted slightly in front of the m

dorsal part of
Legs long; anterior

leg I not swollen

segment equal to antip

2 2 4 s 4 ee d= a i. L. - D
with hairs similar to those of

Claws of

* ~~ =

legs about one-half
Length ,1.96mm, > breadth 112mm.
Under bark of a hickory

Danville, Illinois.

;
$3457
iddl
s

tne e}
Cima
une Le

nigrum

.
A.

+ f
Aa UCU
id
Te Pe
rp i ee
=)

a) a
LA Caw

,
W772 }
sul
TMC TY
oS

+h
Uli
+he
vILe
n+ ¢
wv v OA

7
4 aa l
rt
A
neefiatil a
ne =e:
4 +> >

ey Seorm
ale LE> ) = dt wa Tes
Ww e } reer
"pI . < i
‘ eo 4
d a u
’ ly
€ 15
5 ie
LEVAaTEd &
ire body;

pee
pases ee

> are spa
vs

wT
l pa
Oc
oS
Ses
i=)

tarsus

two

ommon

on tne

we a

enultimate

rat

rst

os I>
eK

Microtrombidium locustarum (Walsh).
1866. Astoma locustarum Walsh. Pract.Entom. ,vol. 6, p.126.
1877. Trombidium locustarium Riley. Rep.U.S.Entom.Com. ,1877. p.3
figs. 39, 40.
1894. Ottonia locustarum Banks. Trans.Amer.Entom.Soc.,vol. 21, ]
ADULT MALE.

Bright red, becoming darker with age; body thickly clothed
fine, pectinate hairs.

Cephalothorax rather narrow for the genus; two eyes on each

: : : &

of the cephalothorax, both placed on a common, low pediclf; ane
terior eye larger than posterior eye; mandibles about one-half
long as the palpi; second segment of palpus twice as long as b
third segment as broad as long; fourth segment longer than the t
and ending in two large,stout s, the outer which is the l
On the inner side of segment four are situated
slightly curved spines; on the outside are two very short, stout
spines; thumb equal in length to segment four, cylindrical. All
the segments of the palpus are well clothed with pectinate hairs
thumb with smaller hairs than the other

Abdomen broad, expanded in front and narrow behind. The bro

expanded antey

by a transverse

the middle

2
OL

about two-thirds

of the dorsal

most twice as

2
ie
L

he
ILS

A wer

~ Wakes

separated from the narrow
here is a deep transverse
terior part of the abdome
cé across the body. At
abdomen is a well marked

poste

n,
ph Pe ee
+066
ees 7

FS
obl

how

Anterior pair of legs equal to the lengt

pair of legs two-thirds as long asthe anterio

legs equal to the second pair; hind pair of

the tip of the abdomen. Claws

;

anterior pair of legs, which are much

Leng th 2.7 mw; breadth ,@1.20mm >

ADULT FEMALE.

ebay Z

the male

ed behind and there is a single broad, trans

Cephalothorax broader than in the male an
above by the projecting anterior part of the

old females.

Abdomen pear-shaped, without the

larger; the body

large and shat

}
pi t
: 5 , >
? 1 y ; Wl LY a Jai} Tt
or + =, . h ¢ nr
Ces: » 4 2a &,
p 2 pt those on the
IY’ 9
n NS hs °

transverse

ad much more hidden from
a ha ame os ar = ‘
abaomen, especialy in
se groove in the ane

terior broad part; anal plate broader than in the male; posterior
end of abdomen not so sharply constricted. The abdomen becomes
Jarger and the transverse groove shallower with age.
Legs of about the same length as in male but relatively shorter.
Length,$oomm,, breadth i.z5mm.
LARVA.
When just hatched pale red; when full grown bright red.

entire body of the mite.
adult larva when it has become gorged with f

Abdomen of newly hatched larva two-third

one-half as long as

Cephalothorax entirely

GN ee eee ee eee ee

Peg APA EP Oe

in older individuals which are gorged with food it may be two or
three times as long as broad. From a ventral view the fourth pair
of legs can be seen in process of development inside the body

Legs relatively very large in the young larva the third pair
being the largest. Tarsi of legs attenuated and bearing long, sharp

claws. Legs with very few straight pectinate bri

Length, 9.1mm; breadth ,0.13mm.
i have raised the larva from eggs laid by a female in captivity.

* roe | + Tm M11 AEG aon+ a + >
> full of granules.I kept a female ina
small cell artially filled with dirt Maia) Wawtwsa aaa) fend +7 34

VU ass p i ViGg tot a LZi£iA€6€0Q Witn Uwttl be She VUTry ow ea Bear) 0 tae o bed rs

ks 5 7 : =, 1 ; ~ * a > 2 >
much like an ant and laid several hundred eggs all in a slight

agglutinated mass, as described by Riley who states that the number

time (within 2 days of each other) and the

scores and crawled all over the interior of gave an

5 PHmMmt AF the earanr af 3 Peet Nas ee LL, 3 2
extensive account of the economic importance of this mite in cone

nection with his

eee ee ee —————— ee

eo ee

tet ae -—-

RAH LD

RY THE

Fam .

Nt ee

— —_ -_

1894. Actineda agilis Banks. Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., vol.2l,p.2ll.
Yellowish, sometimes faintly red; color variable.

No demarcation between cephalothorax and abdomen. There are tw

eyes on each side above and slightly posterior to the second pair of

legs; almost touching each other. Cephailothorax with four prominent
pairs of bristles: two long, narrow bristles situated on the rostrun,

two similar long, narrow bristles situated near the middle of cepha-

| I. ee oe ~ a ee a Sy ey ee = Poe 4

lothorax; just posterior and lateral to pai wo pai ) arge
>} a4 ried rainy > 4 he - oF Te ler £ha Vawerac

and very stout brist rior pe being slightly the largest.

Wards and downwards; segment two

mandibles and bearing several
as long as the itself;

about as broad as long with many.

re Se ed oe eee) ti :
very stout ones on the distal aspect; segment four almost as

long as two, but not so stout, bearing near its outer, 4

several large, stout bristles. The knee of the palpus ex

about three-fifths the

The whole body of

4 V+ ow? 4 Ta -
slightly curved, simple b tles.

Legs large; anterior pair i: ; as lo as the
body. Tarsus of leg one three-fifths as long as tibia: tibiae 1
long as tibia; tibi
+ ms 1+ Sen eens 74 he >.
than antepenult segment. All the are well clothed with
small, fine hairs of iform siz n lothed wit]
ii, Tine hairs of uniform size and r clothed with big

0 2
cA

about two or t hrecftimes

stout bristles

dice

a 7}
> «

Claws rather

Length , 0.74mm.;

LOgs

Under

ee ee ws.

Fam. CHEYLETIDAE.

Palpi composea oi |] tf LVveE segm

7 hr ~~ c ‘ 1 1 '
LOtTNorax and abdao! nm. Dart : ; large i

Claws ) cc pnat OtCNO0Tax targe, voay Witn ft NatlrsS e

7 n¢<c : . Y . Aare . Se = a
im Anterior pair 5: Lecs adanv ai ot clasping hai
ONG CiawWw =: --<- ak Hees I eo oe eee

Anterior legs not modified clasping hai

¢ V4 ; 4.
me Palpi aA UL 6 es a g Pah Leh 44 S I Cc
= } ar dL = .
Palpi Wi Ufa L ere Om i a A 2 I -
= te Bs S
5. Le &S sn0 ana & LE JAIN £

TS 1315 WT
Legs usually

Sareeitic --------- sh 2bbe. 12

= Hi 1a Legs 7} L ii & a z = ee & = ~
Hind legs E GS naw

5. Papilla of witl é

1796. Cheyletus Latreille. Prec. Caract. Ing es on Ay

= ob : - =
aS a ei
ann ie | % mas Aw¢ ay a ~4) fe = F = P a “ere
4, ¥¥ 2 3 ~ * 4.

a ieicinidic cae a

a =—

¥ t

seminivorus Packard.

FAS

1869. Cheyletus seminivorus Packard. Guide Study Insects, p. 665,
mas to, fig. 6.

Body two-thirds as broad as long, broadest at the middle and
truncate posteriorly. Beak large; at its base it is slightly over
one-half as broad as the greatest width of the body; palpi equal to
the beak in length; the large basal segment almost twoethirds as
long as the whole palpus and onewhalf as broad as long; second seg-=
ment very short, being about one-third as long as broad; third seg-

ment peculiar in shape; it is about twice as long as s

gment two;
its base is as broad as the width of the segment from which it ex-
tends; but the distal half of the segment is only about one-nalf as
broad as the base and consists of a continuation of the lateral half
of the basal part of the segment. From the expanded inner base of
the segment arises the papilla. Papilla with two, stout, curved,
pectinate claws; the outer much the longer and bearing about a dozen
straight spines arranged ina row along the inner margin; the inner
claw about three-fifths as long as the outer, not so much curved and
with about a dozen spines. The papilla bears also two long, curved,
simple bristles, the outer half as long again as the larger pecti-
nate claw and the inner about oneehalf as long. from the distal

end of segment III extends the large terminal claw of the palpus,
which is slightly longer than the segment from which it extends and

is curved markedly inwards. Mandibles stout and ending in a needle-

like, piercing organ, which is about one-half as long as the terminal

claw of the palpus. The mandibles each bear a bristle, not far from

the distal end that is longer than the piercing organ.

Abdomen not very sharply separated from the cephalothorax, about
y py I | ’

simple bris-

as broad as long, and bearing several pairs of short,
tles; about six pairs of small, simple bristles are situated around
the posterior margin of the abdomen.

Anterior pair of legs longer than the rest; tarsus one-fourth \)

longer than tibia; tibia subequal to antipenultimate segment. All

the legs sparsely clothed with slightly curved, simple
re, =) 9 p

"4 ~ +
g ristles.

Claws of legs bidactyle with small caruncle, and joined to a long,
tarsal peduncle.

Length, 0,60mm.; breadth,0.33mm .

From refuse matter among grain. Collected at St.Johns, Illinois.

— <a —_

Chevleti
7 A dude \

1886

|
|

tee eel

Cheyletiella americana n.sp.

Bright red; legs paler than the body and palpi paler than the
legs; integument finely striated.

Cephalothorax subequal to the abdomen in length, and not very
clearly separated from the same; beak large, two-thirds as long as
cephalothorax and about two-thirds as broad as long; palpi large,
stout, about as long as the beak from which they extend; the large
basal segment of the palpus two-thirds as long as the whole palpus,
and more than one-half as broad as long; second or middle segment of
palpus very short and disc-shaped, being about one-fourth as long
as broad; distal segment slightly over one-half as long as the large
basilar segment, ending in a powerful claw, and having on its inner
surface two powerful, stout bristles. The proximal segment has five
prominent, simple hairs above; second segment hairless above; distal
segment with three prominent hairs on the dorsal surface. Mandibles
slightly longer than the palpi, about one-fourth as broad as long
and ending in a short, stout, chitinous, piercing organ; mandibles
each with two bristles; a long, straight bristle at about one-third
the distance from the anterior end, and a much shorter one situated
just above the piercing organ. On each side of the base of the
mandibles and not far from the same is a prominent, curved horn
about as long as the width of the mandibles; cephalothorax with a
single pair of eyes situated above the anterior pair of legs; also
with several short, simple hairs.

Abdomen about two-thirds as broad as long, broadest at the an-
terior margin, rounded behind. Abdomen sparsely clothed with simple,
straight bristles of almost uniform size. Anal aperture oval, sit-

uated about its greatest diameter from the posterior margin of the

ny —-
Am —-

132.

abdomen. The coxae of the bast two pairs of legs arise apparently
from the anterior ventral surface of the abdomen; coxae III and IV
are contiguous; ventral surface of abdomen bearing several pairs of
short, simple, straight bristles.

Anterior pair of legs three-fourths as long as the body; second
pair of legs scarcely over one-half as long as the anterior pair;
third pair of legs about two-thirds as long as the anterior pair;
fourth pair longer than the third. Distal segment of leg I, one and
one-half times as long as the penultimate segment; at its distal
end it bears about half a dozen large, long, simple bristles; pen-
ultimate segment subequal to the antipenultimate. All the legs
bear small claws and a small caruncle on the end of a long tarsal
pedicle.

Length ,9,44mm.; breadth, 0.4y2mm.

Under the bark of a hard maple tree. Collected by H. Glasgow,

Urbana, Illinois. Two specimens.

ee ee ee ee

pees earl atin

| %3

| 1 —— e 7 a ~y
leathery; paly ny C <
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and beg y ta } } x
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: Pa mt
1X G °
cl MASEL
= Ss
Wi thout mediar eta: Lm .¥ =
i oe a * a X a;
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median ou n° ~ On + ~ 9 f - = » 4 ° ~ «
- . a < -
- 1 _ : ;
hout plumose or “ : : eh Lo eee a SS ee, eee

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ere
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Bdella peregrina Banks.

1894. Bdella peregrina Bks. Trans.Amer.Entom.Soc.,vol.21, p.219.

Red; abdomen darkened in places with black, legs much paler
than the body.

Cephalothorax about three-fifths as long as the abdomen and
about two-thirds as broad as long, the sides slightly concave. Mane
dibles about equal in length to the rest of the cephalothorax; each
mandible has two subequal, slightly curved, simple bristles, one
about one-third the distance from the tip of the mandible and one
about the same distance from the base of the mandible. The entire
length of the palpus is somewhat more than one and one-half times
the length of a mandible; segment two is about three-fourths as
long as one of the mandibles; segments three and four subequal,
each about as broad as long and both together a little less than one-
half as long as segment five; segment five subequal in length to
segment two and of uniform width. Segment two bears about ten sub-
equal bristles, each is about as long as the width of the segment
on which they are situated; segment three has a single pair of sime-
ilar bristles; segment four has a rather prominent median bristle,
about twice as long as the segment itself, also a dorsal and lateral
bristle, each of which is about one-half as long as the median bris-
tle; segment five has two large terminal bristles, the outer about
three-fourths as long as the segment itself, the inner slightly
shorter than the outer; near the tip of the segment on the outside
there are two bristles, each of which is about one-half as long as
the inner terminal bristle. A similar bristle is situated on the
inner side of the segment about twice as far from the end of the sege«

ment as are the bristles on the outside and longer than these brise

tles; segment five bears about half a dozen other but smaller bris-
tles. The cephalothorax bears two pairs of eyes, both situated
laterally and near the abdomen, the anterior pair being more prom-
inent than the posterior pair. The cephalothorax bears five dorsal
pairs of bristles; a small anterior pair on the neck of the cepha-
lothorax not very far from the base of the mandibles; a rather large
pair situated about one-half the distance from the base of the mane
dibles to the abdomen and not far from the median plane; a smaller
pair, situated just laterally to these; a pair situated inside bee
tween the eyes and about an equal distance from each of the same;
and a similar pair of bristles median and posterior to the last
pair of eyes.

Abdomen almost twice as long as broad, rounded p

steriorly and
bearing about a dozen short bristles dorsally and two pairs at the
posterior margin near the median plane; the inner pair being ine
clined strongly away from the median plane.

The anterior pair of legs are about as long as the abdomen, and
three-fourths as long as the posterior pair; tarsus of leg I about
twice as long as the tibia; tibia much stouter than tarsus and about
two-thirds as long as the femur; the femur is the broadest segment.
All the legs are clothed with many rather fine hairs. The claws of
the posterior pair of legs are slightly stouter than the rest.

Length"; breadth 9,42mm -

Under old pieces of lumber. Collected by the writer at Urbana,

Illinois. A few specimens.

1%6

1894. Bdella cardinalis Bks. Trans.Amer.Entom.Soc.,vol.21, p.219.

Red; legs paler than the body.

Cephalothorax fully as broad as long; sides convex; mandibles
about as long as the rest of the cephalothorax; each with four
simple, curved bristles, the anterior of which are the largest,
and situated a little more than one-third the length of the mandibles
from the apex of the same. The palpi are slightly longer than the
mandibles; segment two about two-thirds as long as the entire pal-
pus; segments three and four subequal in length, but three is broad-
er than four, segment five about one and one-half times as long as
three and four taken together, and apically swollen and truncate.
segment two of palpus bears about a dozen small hairs, each about
one-half as long as the width of the segment on which it is sit-
uated; segment three bears a single small hair; segment four has
three similar hairs; from the tip of segment five extend the long
tactile hairs; the outer of these is fully as long as the mandibles ;
the inner is slightly shorter than the outer; slightly anterior to
the middle of the outer margin of segment five is situated a stout
bristle about as long as the segment itself; a small bristle about
one-half as long is situated close to the outer tactile hair. There
are two pairs of eyes, both lateral, the-anterior pair being above
leg I and the posterior near the margin of abdomen. The cephalo-
thorax bears four pairs of bristles, one pair not far from the base

of the mandibles, another pair about one-half the distance from that

pair to the anterior pair of eyes; there are two pairs of bristles
inside of the posterior pair of eyes, the bristles of the inner

pair being shorter and stouter than those of the outer.

a on

)37

Abdomen a little over one-half as broad as long, rounded pos-
teriorly. It bears a prominent stout pair of shoulder bristles;
also about six bristles near the posterior margin and a few bris-
tles on the middle part.

The anterior legs are about as long as the body of the mite,
the second legs are somewhat shorter; the third pair equal to the
first; the posterior legs are the largest, being almost as long as
the body of the mite plus the mandibles. Tarsus of leg I one-fourth
longer than the tibia; tibia slightly stouter than tarsus; femur
four-fifths as long as tibia and much stouter. All the legs are
clothed thickly with hairs; the tarsus and tibia of leg IV each
bear on their outer margins a prominent, straight bristle; the bris-
tle on the tibia is situated slightly posterior to the middle of
the segment and is equal to the segment itself in length; the bris-
tle on the tarsus is equal to that of the tibia and is situated very
near the proximal end of the segment; the tarsus also bears a prome-
inent bristle about one-third as long as the segment itself on the
outer side near the distal end.. The claws of the hind pair of legs
are larger than those of the other legs.

Length,j.ogmm.; breadth, 0.5%mm.

Under old scraps of lumber. Collected by the writer at Urbana

and Arcola, Illinois. Several specimens.

Bdella tenella Banks.

1896. Bdella tenella Bks. Trans-.Amer.Entom.Soc.,vol.25, p.75.

Red; body with blotches of black; legs much paler.

Cephalothorax broader than long. In this species there is no
narrowed region to the cephalothorax just behind the base of the mane
dibles; sides of the cephalothorax strongly convex. Mandibles one-
third longer than the cephalothorax, each bearing a stout, slightly
curved bristle near the middle of the lateral margin, which is about
one-third as long as the mandibles; a similar smaller bristle is
Situated just posterior to this large one and another not so far
back but more ventral. Palpi about as long as the mandibles; seg-
ment two slightly more than one-half the length of the palpi; seg-
ments three and four subequal in length, but three is broader than
four; distal segment broadened apically and almost half as long
again as segments three and four combined. Segment two bears about
a dozen very fine hairs; segment three apparently a single hair;
segment four has three small hairs; distal segment with two long
tactile bristles at the apex; the outer about as long as the mandi-
bles; the inner three-fourths as long; a prominent bristle is site
vated near the end of the segment, just outside and above the outer
large tactile bristle; it is as long as the segment itself; distal
segment with two or three other small bristles or hairs. There is

@ single pair of eyes situated above and posterior to the first

pair of legs. The cephalothorax bears two pairs of very long bris-
tiles which vary in length in the different specimens. They are of
nearly the same length.

The anterior pair is situated about one-third the distance from

the base of the mandibles to the posterior margin of the cephalotho-

rax and the posterior pair is situated just above the eyes; a small
inconspicuous pair of bristles occurs about midway between the two
large pairs.

Abdomen three-fifths as broad as long and about one-fourth
broader than the cephalothorax, with the sides either straight or

concave, and the posterior end rounded. There is a prominent pair

64,

of shoulder bristles present about one-half as long as the mandibles;

around the posterior margin of the abdomen are about six bristles
equal in length to the shoulder bristles; a few smaller bristles
occur on the dorsum of the abdomen above these posterior bristles.

Anterior pair of legs equal to abdomen in length; tibia three-
fourths as long as tarsus; femur equal to the tibia in length, but
slightly stouter. All the legs are well clothed with hairs. The
tarsus and tibia of the last two pairs of legs each bear a large
bristle on the outer margin, the bristle being fully as long as the
segment on which it is situated; tibia of leg I with a similar
bristle. The claws of this species are large and stout, consider-
ing the size of the mite.

Length,Q.s5amm; breadth,0.3)mm.

In moss. Collected by the writer at Arcola, Illinois. A few

specimens.

140.
Bdel la lata n.sp.

Dark red with granulation of irregular dark brown and blackish
spots; legs and palpi paler than body.

Cephalothorax triangular; length and breadth about equal; sides
slightly convex; anterior bristle ffsituat ed near base of beak and
about one-half as long as the cephalothorax; posterior pair of bris-

tiles similar to anterior pair and situated just above the eyes.

Two eyes present on each side of cephalothorax near the postero-
lateral aspect. Beak as long as the cephalothorax; mandibles and
palpi equal in length; mandibles each bearing two prominent, slight-

ly curved bristles, one situated near the base and a larger one near
the middle. Second segment of palpus three-fifths as long as man-
dibles; three and four equal in length, but the third is broader

than the fourth; distal segment equal to the third

‘SS
~
S
ia)
Hy
(@)
GS
be

Fy
a
bs!

segments two, three and four with a few fine hairs; distal segment
with two long apical bristles, the outer of the two almost equal to
the entire palpus in length, and the inner slightly shorter; imme-
diately behind the outer bristle is situated two smaller bristles
about as long as the distal segment itself.

Abdomen about three-fifths as broad as long, rounded posteriorly,
bearing two prominent shoulder bristles and about twenty similar
but smaller bristles.

Anterior pair of legs about as long as the body excludin
beak; tarsus about one and one-third times as long as tibia; tibia
fully twice as long as antipenultimate segment. All legs well cloth-
ed with short hairs; tibia of leg I, tarsus of leg III, and tibia
and tarsus of leg IV each with a long, tactile bristle. laws mod-

erate, caruncle as long as the dactyles.

ne —

[91.

Length 6,6/mm.} breadth , 034mm.
In moss. Collected by the author at Mahomet, Illinois. Several
, sllinois Several

specimens.

oe a wet Se

172

Bdella virgata n-sp.

Body crossed with irregular red and black patches; integument

finely striated.

Cephalothorax not well dermacated from abdomen, anterior pair of
bristles situated at base of beak, two-thirds as long as cephalo-

thorax; posterior bristles situated near the posterior margin of
the cephalothorax about midway between the median line and the late
eral margin; two eyes present on eacn side at the extreme postero-
lateral aspect of the cephalothorax. Mandibles broad at base, the

anterior half slender; each with two bri

es
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one-fourth the distance from the base of the mandible and a smaller
one situated slightly in front of the middle of the mandible. Palpi
about as long as mandibles; segment two fully two-thirds as long as
the palpus; segment three somewhat larger than four; distal segment
about equal to three plus four. Segments two, three, and four have
a few very small hairs; distal segment with two large terminal
bristles; the outer as long as the palpus, the inner about three-
fifths as long. Situated just behind the outer bristle is a small
bristle as long as the distal segment itself; distal segment with a
similar but gual ler bristle near its inner margin.
Abdomen almost twice as long as broad with a pair of short,

pectinate shoulder bristles about as long as the width of tarsus I,

and two pairs of similar bristles situated at the tip of the abdo-
men; abdomen otherwise hairless.
Tarsus of leg I, one and one-third times as long as antipen-

ultimate segment; antipenultimate segment as broad as long. All the

legs are sparsely clothed with small, simple hairs. Tibia of leg I

and tarsi of legs III and IV each with a long, tactile bristle

2 eee ni —

Claws small.
Length ,0.95mm.; breadth ,0.25mm -
Under bark. Collected by the author at Mahomet, Illinois. A

few specimens.

_——_ _—-

| 14.

Bdella subnigra n.sp.
Body black; beak dark reddish, brown; legs and palpi paler.
Posterior margin of Cephalothorax markedly narrower than the

anterior margin of the abdomen. Two eyes on each side of cephalo-

thorax, situated at lateral margin not far from the base of cepha-
lothorax; posterior bristles situated above the eyes, about three-

fifths as long as the broadest width of cephalothorax. Beak large

longer than cephalothorax. Mandibles and palpi subequal in length;

mandibles each bearing two bristles, the smaller of the two situated
near the base, and the larger near the middle. Segment two scarcely
more than half as long as the mandibles, segment three larger than
four; distal segment fully as long as three and four taken together.
Segment two has about half a dozen small,simple hairs; segment three
apparently hairless; segment four with three small hairs; distal
segment with two large bristles and one small bristle, the middle
one almost as long as the total length of the palpus, the inner
somewhat shorter, and the outer scarcely as long as the distal seg-
ment itself.

Abdomen broadest near the anterior margin; rounded posteriorly.
It bears a large pair of shoulder bristles about as long as segment
two of the palpus, and four pairs of bristles at the posterior end.

Anterior pair of legs somewhat longer than abdomen. The pos=

terior two pairs of legs are stouter than the

i¢?)
ct
at
<j
(eo)
@
tae
ge)

terior pairs of
legs. Legs sparsely clothed with hairsof various lengths.
Length, 064mm; breadth,@.32mm.

In moss. Collected by the author at Mahomet, Illinois. A sime-

ple specimen.

195.

Bdella illinofensis n.sp.

Cephalothorax about one-half as long as abdomen; two eyes on
each side at the lateral margins about one-third the distance from
the posterior end of the cephalothorax; anterior bristles situated
at the anterior margin of the cephalothorax, about as long as the
second segment of the palpus; posterior bristles situated midway
between the eyes and the middle of the body, and about as long as
the anterior bristles. Beak very large; palpi longer than the man-

dibles. Mandibles with at least three bristles. Second segment of

palpus scarcely more than one-nalf as long as the mandibles; sege
ment three one-half as long as segment four; distal segment longer

than three and four taken together. Segments two and thr ea.
hairless; segment four with a bristle on its outer marg near the

distal end of the segment; distal segment with four bristles; two

large terminal bristles, the outer almost twice as long as the seg-
ment from which it extends, the inner somewhat shorter; and two
bristles situated close togetherjon the outer margin of the segment
near its middle, the anterior being the larger.

Abdomen oval, with a small pair of shoulder bristles about as
long as the width of the tibia of leg I; dorsum of abdomen bearing
several other and similar bristles including about half a doze
around the posterior margin.

Legs ae anterior pair as long as body exclusive of the beak.
Tarsus of leg I, one and one-third times as longas tibia; tibia ale
most three times as long agantepenultimate segment. All legs well
clothed with similar rather small hairs. None of the legs bear
large tactile bristles. Claws weak and situated @n long tarsal

pedicels.

146

Length 160 mm.; width 952mm.
Under lumber from an old barn. Collected by the writer at Ur-

bana, Illinois. A few specimens.

197

Bdella viridis n.sp.

ras ee warts ial Peel aL aihiaae at wad: nani }
green Witn a few blotches of red » cepnaloe=

Abdomen, yellowish
thorax red; legs salmon color.

Cephalothorax with two eyes on each postero-lateral corner.
The anterior bristles are as long as the mandiblesand situated about
one-third their length from the base of the same; two

posterior bristle approximate, situated above the eyes. There is

@ smaller bristle about one-half as long as the anterior bristles
Situated between the latter and the posterior bristles. Mandibles

and palpi subequal in length. The mandibles bear dorsally two large

et
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as long as the mandibles; distal segment as long as three and four

ka 1 rm 4 rtet)ac PS a Inia: h t
taken together. Two terminal bristles to palpus; the outer as long

} ae *Gt¢aanlf- bt 1a 4 5 Lt oe | > 1 s
as the palpus itself; the inner three-fourths as long. here is

bristle about three-fourths as long as the distal segment, on the
outer margin of the same. A similar but smaller bristle is situated '
+
about midway between this bristle and the outer terminal bristle. i
i
Abdomen oval, about two-thirds as broad as long; sparsely clothed J
4
with similar, simple bristles. i
Anterior pair of legs aslong as the body exclusive of beak;

second pair of legs a little more than three-fourths as long as the
first pair; last pair of legs Slightly larger than the third pair

and extending one-half their length beyond the

hb No

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abdomen. Legs clothed with i different lengths; no long

. .
tactile hairs on either of the two anterior pair of legs: tarsus of

198

leg III and both tarsus and tibia of leg IV each with a long tactile

bristle. Claws situated

D
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long as the claws themselves.
Length, D2omm.; breadth, ,yamm .
Collected by the writer near Urbana, Illinois. A single spec-

imen.

199

Bdella anguinisetosa n.Ssp.

Pale, blotched with yellow and pink.

Cephalothorax long with two eyes situated near its postero-
lateral corners. The anterior bristles are situated near the base
of the beak and are about as long as the second segment of the pal-
pus; posterior bristles longer than the anterior bristles and sit-
uated above the anterior eyes. Mandibles slightly shorter than the
palpi; each with two bristles: one situated near the base and one
near the middle of the mandible. The ant
larger. Second segment of palpus about three-fifths as long as

1 segment equal
to three and four taken together. Segment two has several small
bristles. The outer terminal bristle of segment five is equal to

the entire length of the palpus. The inner terminal bristle is

peculiar in this spe

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segment of the palpus has two or three other very small bristles.

Abdomen twice as long as broad; shoulder bristles about
half as long as the second segment of the palpus. The abdomen has
several other similar bristles, about half a dozen of which are
Situated at the tip. Anus surrounded by a swelling or papilla which
shows from above as well as from below.

terior pair of legs as long as abdomen; tarsus almost one and

one-half times as long as tibia; tibia one and one-half times as
long as the antipenultimate segment. Legs poorly clothed with
bristles; tibia of leg I, tarsus of leg III, tibia and tarsus of

leg IV, each with a long tactile bristle. (Claws equal in length

ct
oO

the pedicel from which they extend.

Length, 0.6¥™m.; bread th, 0,L%mM™ »

Collected by the writer near Urbana, Illinois. One specimen.

20!

7 . 5 a

plumose brig Se

One

Cyta brevipalpa n-sp-

Body red, legs and palpi paler, integument finely striated.
Cephalothorax almost as broad as long; a single pair of eyes

situated near the lateral margin about midway between the anterior

}o F

and posterior margins of the cephalothorax. There is a small, dark
spot on the median, anterior part of the cephalothorax, but apparent=
ly no median eye. Anterior bristles situated respectively at about
equal distances from the median line, the anterior margin of the
cephalothorax and the lateral margin of the cephalothorax. They

are over one-nalf as long as the cephalothorax. There is a pair of

5 ‘ 4 4 whirn Saa fre amall) ¢ihercele
large, straight, simple bristles which arise from sma}i tupercies

situated behind and between the eyes; just inside of this large pair
of bristles is a small pair of bristles about one-half as long.

The beak of this species has, not far from the base, a transverse
suture which divides it into a basal and distal part. he basal
part (the part behind the transverse suture) is about four times as
long transversely as longitudinally. Mandibles distinctly longer
than the palpi, and arising from the distal end of the basal fart

of the beak; each bearing near the middle a single long
bristle. Palpi very short; second segment about one-third as lon
as the mandibles and twice as broad 46H distally as proximally,
segment three as broad as long; segment four one-half as broad as
segment three; distal segment longer than segments three plus four.
Segment two with two small bristles above; segments three and four
apparently hairless; distal segment bearing three terminal bristles,
the inner and middle bristles subequal md about twice as long as
the segment from which they extend. The outer terminal bristle is

about one-half asjiong as the other two terminal bristles. The distal

20%

segment has also another bristle on itsouter margin.
Abdomen broadest in front, the striations of the integument form

a peculiar pattern as follows. There is a large median area about

bare

vs
ct
=
+a)

five times as long as broad and extending almost the entire len
of the abdomen in which the striations are transverse, posterior to

this area the transverse; posterior to this area the transvers

striations extend entirely across the abdomen. In the anterior part

of the two lateral areas the striations are longitudinal, while in

containing five bristles; lateral to these bristles at the posterior
end of the abdomen are three pairsof bristles.

Legs short, with very few hairs; anterior pair oné

times as long as palpi; tarsus and tib

t= J.
oe
fntle
o
ja

subequal.
Length,o.yimm.; breadth,)2imm .
Under bark, on soft maple tree. Collected by J. D. Hood at

Urbana, Illinois. One specimen.

2. oY

Fam. FUPALIDAE.

the postero-latera] aspect; inte umen t not leather’ "4 ehnit ity
palpi composed three or five segments, not sniculate but e1
in a large, stout claw, mandibles ending in on claw syes é t

or only a single pair present.

Ina a Pe ODES ane :
Palpi composed of three segmentS sence - weer eees

-
P lpi nomnoszea of five segment
a a¢ 1 Cc omposeda ope Tive Se gi LE nos ne
v ] 1
Gen. Eupalus Koch.
ee
eee

1836. Eupalus Koch. Crust. Myr. Arach., fasc..4

Ini A r= < * ; 2
Palpi composed of three segments, without spine-like bristles;

one pair of eyes present.

<£

ee a

- 2 05,

Hupalus pectinatus n.sp-

Pale red.

Cephalothorax not distinctly demarcated from abdomen. Anterior
bristles simple, situated about one-half their length from the an-
terior margin of the cephalothorax. They are about as long as seg-
ment two of palpus; posterior bristles smll, almost erect,in the
usual position. This species is peculiar in that it possesses a
long, pectinate, specialized seta arising from a pore situated in a
funnel-shaped organ at the postero-lateral aspect of abdomen. This
structure is apparently the same as that found in the Oribatidae!
Mandibles slightly longer than the palpi, hairless from above and
ending in afelaw. Segment one of palpus small, disc-shaped, segment
two about two-thirds as long as mandibles; segment three rudimentary
and ending in a powerful, stout, outer claw and a stout inner spine.
Segment two bears four similar, simple bristles on its dorsal sure
face; segment three has two outer bristles and one inner bristle; of
the outer bristlesthe posterior is much the longer. The inner
bristle is about equal to the outer posterior bristle.

Abdomen pyriform; posterior end truncate. The abdomen has sev-
eral small bristles, including about half a dozen at the posterior
margin.

Leg I about as long as abdomen; tarsus three times as long as

the tibia. The last two pairs of legs are much stot

ct
o
=
ct
@
=
ct
k-
pe.
ct
by
D

first two pairs. Claws of last two pairs of legs twice as long as
those of the two anterior pairs of legs. The tarsi have at their
tips, besides the claws, caruncles, which are peculiar in consist-
ing of three subequal prongs. Legs all sparsely clothed with hairs

of different lengths.

~
©
™~

EXPLANATION

Pig. 1. Tumidalvus americanus Ew

domen, x 3585.

Fig. 2. Pelops

ee Pe

of cephalothorax, x 300.

Pig. 5. Pelops an icanus, pos’

aAliici -

ee ae . .
americanus

Fig. oi

Fig. 5. Oribata curva Ewing, tibia

wigs 6. Oribata curva, DP: dostign

Fic. 7. Phthiracarus magnus Ewing,
= ae pc A a ES

Fig. 8. Phthiracarus pee

ad
09

Te)

Fig. 10. Oribata c lavila -eolate
a ieee

OF PLATE.

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+ 4,
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it ~ 7 wy a Aa
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Tmatic oO me
—— é
4 2 a Pa | a
eromorpnvnae ,>
C morpnac ,x

Z07.

200.

x 500.

TAS ys Vk DOSE
i A OF

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA

INN

3 0112 086764385

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