Full text of "tar28"
-*,:/*
/ «^4
\
q^.. /of
*«*
s\f
.— '•
IL-— — ■*
«*,*.. O^n^on Of « A,e>an
dria Library (COAL)
mw*«>» oft*******
\
M
I F
, h
h "■
. *
1
i
;}JUi)\fu-*i
** •
i^AJMU 4i)
4
( \r tfj^l : fa* <$* )
*^^u_U
fiM!
OS>il.^S
^iL^VI ^jjbl? *>— * : V 3 !
( ijJi* JLulill 3juU )
(J*
LT»
Cij
iWl
->«
CiJ
*k iJ £L-~ii) pJUH g^u s? j^t spt j &,L3 &Lk3 a-*^
hJI Sjiu
<i— Ai
UX j J aJVl <xJ>3
r^
Oi^
Of
■U!
: jz\ *j*«
T
U^ft J %jA &jltf1 a^jail^ ^V» ^lo»
( <^UJ1 i*JLH )
: tuuiUjai!
f
. :yuJi JjUoJIj k^t-vi ol-Ija)» £ii J-o4-li
( <mJl~M i^l )
: e 1 J« »J?»
«
t>s tjjjl ^H fc^l*?! SjL-^aH JlSiilj < a^* ! yJaiyi
^ia, ^. -. .-.iV* *J1»*) O* ) ^ ■" J)J^
t-^jt.
u-^J 3
A**
tyijill
( ^UJt ^aJI
Lfajjuj L^Luj I 3^jjji, .ill
( <^jjL-JI <aJJ! )
: ^t&st >>» «,
1«a5l3i
j»alaJ1 J4AII ^^& fih*il gUaa ^ 1&yj*dj ,^j
Ujfj^t
lfai?j,S * «LmLm8$1 CttSjjj&SJ
WHSJ
ojwa
♦ as? yja 14L& ii, ( ijSjs > jua^at a.
*»
OT
JTZJ.
"" 1 ninnrTfi— Jili
tt^ki iVnfflf-Ynrii nr „ U a »itf*E» _ -«^
rirtrfi
\
J
t a U% &, i&jal «1j&*a cj^a 2*>iL_ «j*ai Ji-aHj ,^L-«j^1
: piL-Vl J~2ti Jit_j ^ 5 — ''j^
gijll '*SU — ,*-**,■- gJ^ifl _ tfWj
( Fijian 4^1 ) " & 1 -* 11 O^l - V
: jijjij %jj*ji Sjgjaiu %«M~tfi jjjiij f£L*4i
jwaUil j*< gJjl2 ^X aJx-aaS CiLJ jj
c
h
H
. ( JLlilJI ^1 j JjJjfl, ^jLLH aji-AM J
#>
*t
¥
ualjjil <*&&
r
* 4
jt^ait oUl^f? j^3 < t \^,\ i^ j ^L5 *&kw JLJja
*»J*-~ «Kj ^J^'j ^UUSatfi *t-#ktt jl^a, jj, < i_~ ki&lj
u* u j'J="'j
I I n I
J
( <^-.L_J1 ^kl! ) ejUlj &uti« : ^^LiJI jSfil! : uXSil »ja» _ t t
frj^mi Ig^lg^ai'i JlkllL JJjllil £«
J
. X*s\ ,^iVj\ ^^L-jVI j^-iU, _ t
u
^Liirt
<*
n»
^mfi
«
A •*
t*
ijll
1j JjJjJl
**
JJI-J
L
p
L^a,jLLj Q-da ^Ja J Jk^jJI
<Ltl
t^t 3HrU_jH
ur
tt\
in
f^^-H^i J^'j" 1 * wV**-*} 3
(Itt
'AW
mA- ITT J^— i'j JffiU—1— IT* f**1j{t
\ T*\ Jjl-i — 1TA ojj— *J> c5- J
i-yi
I
13: -i
Hi :
W
Ho
t.y
loY
Ion
- ' un u_ai
•Lu'
■■ 4
I ul -|i,l
HA
rtf»
1 J
VoA JLib
U , -*s
1YT
W\ *.** Cili a (
LpJI Jot J^J i*,!^
0« J^'^' Lsk
■f
JVi
WT*
^
jr* J* 5 '
L*^
*l
u
jf**
)
V.Vl ,, .VI jUUil ( 1 )
■' *j — « »jl—ix J^lj4 (
)
1A"\ <ij~al& ^LjJ — 1Ai JSo^ll £-. o^w
1
V
r
t Vf U^ ^^Vlj Jj^JI „ \\. U_Jil il* iJlja^l p!jJ
t.a
Jrt
J)
>1!
V*
>*
bJl
M
J
I
jjs-ilj jbil' ',■«■*.»
fed
O^i^oJJ _ V,V V o^ji
\\i ^J ) , U . -tB"j l
£ AJU yUiJi
YYV > ^a^.11 jS— ail j jLa,
(go-ill .1— 4*11
m »L^a]i
J&
jL-uI
j
YYY ^jVI d>U! jl^l
_ rn ^j^ij
VTA Lj^j Ijjx _ tTA ^AiM, JjVI -L.V1
**
1
r s Y £ j jlj
rn
rn
rtv^L^jij
rv\
YV
no
i*
ASJ1
*«J1 <-4h£
t^Uj j^jj — sJI A^Jt ^
: pjA— Sit X- fl ail ^ CiUiljj
*jSTj JuLJl
.VI
Yo.l
Yo*\ ^j—i!! j^«Jl _,jl^ _ ,YoC j^J]
nr ^jsii i^Ji i*o»f — n. ^i iJi
' j^sIjII
Jk^^UJ^ 1 *-*J
M
L^tf
Jj4jJ1
y*w ^i c ijji
I J^lill ^j_^ai ^
rnv jj*hii j <ni
Y*\A .\»Jall J ^-Jl jpij -i^l _ Y1A ^LJ-Jlj
•\j$JI
j-l^jlj Jj^JI
n\ dwij jj^aii
.Sjjlll J p ^} _ tY- -SjJsJI J Slj 11
YY.
YY\
.\r
#•
un
\
w
L*
^JL\
:Cim-^ if-* cfl££ M - .\~m
•*
7-iU
E.
U*\
<r««
ux
UV ) «*»j««. vl ^jhsh -«— * «>
VA\ . « frLr^'j t$- , >«
TAV • ■ ^ Ajl ^
IjjSll
i>
kl
**
: tp^t (jjwsn ie iLc cAa^a^ jrJiUi
o
,i_jiii _ m 6J
ol».jj]l J
■» C
l^Jt
, 51^ — II
. r.
nA
fX
i
: ^jj.u oUaijii ^jasj
•A;
v.r
V.o oil
mi
\\0 riill!
Jfc
r.^
ri«
VIA
(W
,^1 vJI <_iL_ J1
Oiiit
liuj « j
!•
vi ja
.5
ki Lui Ola
JL-jiiVlj
Ho
Ul
<Li.i tW
•1
<Lu <v-v*iU,i
fi
i_il^*1 t > Cr^'J
*Ol
jVI iiLJI^ j^>-i (j <Lu^~-iLil
1
*U oaII «* .A LJUajLi /<jj-*-*A-4 u-^*^
TV^- ff f »*J- ■?■ rn *■ j^ rj^r
^|'t *ftjf ■-,-" "
*r*^
»*
u
r
TT1 • • • • ■ '♦ • • • •' tfJZsJ [
= h
h
j
m . tfjfcjj 1 * c-i*- j r *'.' V^ b jijj '— !
■ ■.
r
TU ' •■ ' • £>— JH
rn , . . . .■ . . . • , " . v i— *j-»
L
J ■
it . - . . * ^1^1 Ub.j J_ji iiLUI
W W*L-rt L^l J AjIa ill*.
^:iG
4 _
r
l» %* V I
U j^m
pjl"
— H»;
1
■in
. j
■ 1
.«
■* ^
)
1 ■ ■
/
-Tmy**- ■"
°.rf J * ck < i^jljiwlj \w,L«j.iu il j ^LL. Jc jjki, jwJ jj-SL-VI (JUt
euar
j <cUl "»jji ^*^ r lun c 1 *. -a*1j < u-°*-Vl (JW VU*r s - oU-Ijj
tt
^ 6 J->-i
f lU\ 4a*i LTyj (oljjp ^jU <> v >*Jb y>J» J u * V.^ ^ ^Jfcdl <^L-¥1
r l>J| ^ by^ Uuyl J J^j ^^XJl Aj*^l\ JaJo ^^V' (JWI li JU^J\
**
*4
SyuJ\ Jl ^^ U j4i ^-uJ^ Jl ^ji V ey^-V 1 f 1 ^ 11 ^r^ 1 ^^^ ^
Ja>
:jj t
^\yj om c> slxa] ' o>J~*U <uk J^- Uj 4 4j^>Ji ojJ'Wj *UaJlj
* i^Vlj LJjJI *L>J\ ^Jlk* ^ J*l£c*
\of ^J&\ Tjlllj <Si^ J>— j <ju>^ ob «3i-M -4^>^^ V s ^-"V^ ^j*^' yj^J
* jJ^J\ AiLQ diil i*jj%i o^ <Ij^-j ^ <i.l aJjj'1
oM> O^ c— ^>b n 0-* ^J ^^ -^r 11 J I ^>* r^'V 1 Jl 5 > aM ^^ ^
^
j] V-'V-" wjU^V J-aiu 3-u.^-Vl Sljull ^ljp-1 <> SjuT obLkS o-U-t J» ^Vt
^» U ;
II
L* <.
b *!>' J^i Vo* 1 -^ r !un r* 5 *>— ^-> i! J*^*-?
,-*-*■ > J £
* ** v
L^Jlj ^j-Hj f^V 15 c^ i j j, f 1 ^ 1 u*"J VO* V1 ^b 5 -^ 1 ^ c3 *-*
^j '
w jw v ^\ jjh^ A^ a^Ji ^ siarjt j j^iJi W oW ^-^y
jui iJU* ,^.t-Jl ^JL-V' JJ- 01 ^ ^> "^^^
j
>d! ajux j "JJ- 41 . r^-^ ji-^ 1 ^ b ^ ~ Jl ^ Vj - ^^^ i,y3 ^
i
;^r r ^v< ^ u ^ jM ^ ^^ ' '^J "*iJ^ ^^j ^ u ^ b - ^^^
ft )1 La OJ
V
I L
; ^t___ Ji <io^ Jly V L» fJWI ,> o*> r 5U^L, ^jli cxul Ui. f ^_jL^
.£>" J uj^Ul j^_ Jly V VUL. e*.^ mj\ J f >L^I jjxil U-u*_> i JL-UJlj
I n
* oiji jz>Ji
4"
tf
<> caUaJI jyO^ ^Ujj C cJU- uwillj ^s^ij-JI jU?VI (jr J-—« ojh^j
Obi iJlj p\ iJ > E ^ a JI ^J* J 4j_^n ^Vlj SJoCjlb f* -VI ^J\ UJLaj
,>iL-yi o>Ul o*>»1 v yJ1 v> ^> V- 1 ^-) ->V <* SJiJ » L—T u-^l <>_»
•a* O^lj < <J>~. J>.1 <*->. jyfcl i^jll »Jl» :>yj o^U ^ J 3^1 S_jiJI f U
<yJ1 i/ydl _^L«JI o1 LT , ViiL-J c*itf _ <^U^-j viUJT cJlT l<u1 ^ _ Sy.1
<> I jJL*; «=«i»5 ^^ >Vl a^ jb-l^l -uJlil ^ cOJij < ( oULJt 1 V.JJJ^'
j^vi j*ji _^cj <*>.j\ ju_t ji ^ _yV j-f v».yi J p^-V 1 j-^b
LJuyl J^i. ^Ui5"j v> «^l <y.iLwt ,SjSi\ t\j*^\ c^-^1 c y>- £ Liy 1 J^ Jl
A
•c^M c^ijj'SjU*- VW ,L ^.>^ cr-^ * ^ J 1 J**. fH 1 ^ ^
- r "" J ' J^H U-" "-fl ■f "S.-^.-S "S^^ oLo^ij'j <*je_J> Ij>4>- LjjjjI cJJb -u)j
t^l\ c.U~-)U ^^ .^uJl Ji, <j|j i JLwjiYI <jJjH oUo^ll j <^4|
t* t-i
♦ <Ot^m ^-ttJI^kJlj y^UU-<^> JbOJl
<Ju tJ iVl V ,JL ^ ^l****!! u», W> jj-Jwdlj V'^Y' SjcjlM c*>tf ^JCJI' ^bj
F
M JaXJLI uy. jjLi>J1 ^>^41 ^liiJV^ V^V 1 "V.-^-V^ ^L^w-311 v LjJ
o_j_xo]i j* j*^~ ^.^ji a^Ji o- ^
Jl tj oImw-^3^ j*^ ^-*
c— J c wia^ll <*>U^ SwjJl *>">■ f*-> W^J 6 ^.JW ^^ <> ^.^ J f *~*^
1 *
a ■.
t. « »
r
* i
■ j
\
>j J^o_, i^LSllj oljjOJl j ^^1 JUI JiU, JJ jl 4^X11
:>Ui>
_JJ1 jLioM ^ la^ ^ is Ik; ^j oiT f> L-yi jLsii) oi j~l Jl'o-..,
^-J^ J' JieWj-iOll ^J V ^J! jflj c JVXLaVI SiO-i. J^JLJI ^J ilsfllj
Jij *>b£U ^-L-tT ey— =a!U J4u^ oL^^Jl Jcl Jl Uj* iu^l 4*111.
JS\ o_,Jij < 4^jV Jjj« _ \ e ^ -*jj*>. cJITj _ L?jA\ ^Sj jjyUrl JUT
j\ ^i J,
Jo» Jb jL«-j oili" ^=>U-VI JUI 0) u* < <i,J»J1 LijjjV g.rJl paisll j>u*y
• h JLJJ1 oilXj^l <o>l>
:rtU1j V.^ 1 ^Mj> oljiJ J) U-T ^x^b Ijj^ ^1 ^^ ^ V^V ^)'
* <UL> Jl . s iu*^L-Vl
™»j-" U*
VI
oJlT U Jl <<-^-^ajJl o^U jjii f <uUin a.a a »J 1 a.^ ^^L>.V1 ^^^L^ o' a^j
V, j* 1 ' ^^-J)j WA~^|1 JiMJl t>^ <>jl^^JI J^Jl ^L^il J
■Ml
'<£'*
? ; v^,v--
.-■ : ' ' ' rj
■•*'^i
N
^
r ■
^ ^.j y**T JiLJj < V-~* J 1 ^ 1 ^Lx^cJI JjV j ' o^*-**^i J^^-* J ^3jVb
41
>jij
* ♦ I) jOcJj
«»J\ «u-^j cSijJ' (j
4 •
**
hj] JU-^j £>bj~Jl J oJaJL>i\ V.J^ 1 Jj^b fi pUtflj V.j^ 1
0^p-O>- t^fltya) UkA V^j^Cj
4*
t> ^.jj/Vl oj^l J^ *-r^ o>UL^ jo" JJLiM uu oWjuJI oJlT 13^
aJLi* V.J^ jJ^-iC i)L^b C
1 Lf * <Jb^1 JU^Jjj l^~**^ E^^J ^j^j^J
r
f lX>J _, ^jUl S V^11 ^. SAija- <o/ jIUS*j u-yJI ^^ J 1 ^• J - iM ^ < ^
>wL^Jl Jj*J <4>-^ i^l Vj^ 11 . ^^^ V^ ^' ^. ' J UiJ I ■„-*-?»
|JW
tjt;
J.*^
M
,»* j_jkd\ ^.jSUiJl oL/yU ^jll jV*toiVI I a* JU oSJj
s,jUu- ,> i>~^ *v>u U ^.^i <M> f^ c* ^ jU ^- ;L ^ jLU ^-^ ] ^J ] ^
' u'.JJ^ 1 jU*^!Al l^jU* ,> J^" V »x^.
JsJJl
15*
,>^ <J5^. ,i*.JbJ^ cijUl J ^-r^ 1 Vr^ 1 Vr^* 1
^juj jiua^^ uJUu' ^•^ , '^ a] ^ Jl ^ J ' Wv "- J ;l ••^ a, jjSL ^ J ^
y
w
'* t
3 C
w+
<L~jJl> JUJ) «* UIi»
liU
lj P&JI
' U>c_5 O^J -*"^J!j
iilifl)
A-
■MA
t> <y>U-^1 f^l J 4^jL* oUaSlw> Jj^-1 <^>. ^ Vij5t j ii,j^l
-JU <luidi J ^u4l <Jl5LJ1 SiLifllj Jj)l\ icjv41 j lo^AM ij'UUl
* ^L-axiVl _*J^dl ^^ t> h jliLo l*****. ojIT olj ♦ <JliH <c^*>mJJ
.^a-SH ^JUIl ^ j ^lj f >UuVl a-^1 jJd i ^jLoxjVI j>u41
<>-?
♦ jJX£. ^w^UJI O^l i> ^^1 J^ *Uc^
ts^r oir^ cJ5LAij <Ja^>4ij ^.^^ ^^ii J *i>^^ J ^.jjj' o^o^^ij
Yd
NY
tf
**
<j*o jj*uS\ ©Ui
tf I
J-
^LUI <» jJiSL-VI -o^*- -U-j jU*J\ -ua>. J*^ aijti, „ jo j a.o>. J^i.
It ■w' * •*
1
*^J ^i^J\ iuJUJLi ♦ ^iyl o^j ob^Jt J ^Jba^H liULJI JpJ^-j ^^\
-*JjiH <^o1y^Yl <<U*J IT <i)4>Jl <» jj| O^l^l Jsja^. dUJtfj JaJaJiM
* l^ ^ <Jc VI ^LuOl^tj o^"" ^' J***"" (4
£>*>- c**l> Uju> tf U**>tf «i1J»1 u^Laj" J* 1 ^yOL^I ^11*11 J*^ AcU- -Gj
1 j
• iw>M^I ^jl Jt JJlj^l c*-Uj o^iLJ) J 4*w-lj ^UoM^l *^1j ^ojVI Ij-CLi
n i
! ,
jl ^'^ j1 ^.j^"1 ojJLJiijt l^i o><^w4^ ^ ^t jtUJH <y a* juH i)LL*j
o-
rf *jj-**-*
.3
u
**ih—
.9
-9_r
UHj ^iilkll J-«l>Jb jU*^uVl v^r-^ *J^pj1j M'j^V '^H 1 (j*!-***
I
>- ^^ ^Li^JI (jisLLa ( 4i^ J u^JL^oJJ UU11 <J5Cll ojIT AaIj ^ A>jU^^Vt
oi U5" i q>o-L4) o^> <^J1 ^ l^ilUi'j V.J*^ 1 V :j ^'V 1 °y Jl 0^^'^i
l^iSCko^j (( 4.JUU--JJI » S^v^l J^ jJi>cj'V\ Ji-
\r
^j c ^.^11 6j bJ, J t u^ii l^. ^^ v , j Ul(> s , f ^
i*W
t_r^
djor
iiUj
44 4ft
+ T
*f
> ^ ^ * *~"l> VjfcJI ^jlill vJU Ji ^| ^j, j| ^
1
< \<m s
<>
JU»iVl jU-X^Vl JUi OiU
.jJI J^VI
*¥
*t
I
J**a
> *$-»-&U
W A* J
J>J
■*~J!» uwlL>U » JU ^ cJL
^3
LiJJ "*^J <> LJ> .w J j c ILiUI UUI ^ ^1 ^1 ; jm^
0l& ^°1^^ ^lUI | JJU || jJl^l
■t
c> f L^/Vl oOi;
■MJ
u-"
U
**
>£j <^^j| ^^ ^, ljj, oyijj Jili ^ |
. J*** Ui-
• <JjoJl otiiUI £>• J L^u'j | s> jSLi, <^y)
*> ^^ J V.^'j ^^-V 1 ^AJl «>»• U^jj^l jti\ oU-UJl dU)- 1 ,>
*-W
Vo.>^JI <J^ _iS jj j^kdJ ^^1 AJLiJI ^.^xj ^j^i^ j ^L^Vl >^JIj <G^-|
* ur°
5L
-V 1 J*-
ill J
<> J ' - ^JaiJJ, ^.r 5 " Cr" 'b- <>--Ull qw Jjljill r ^^~i^. jJj qwjjjV? jaj
! u^ IJ
1
^
\i
♦O^J ij^jll S^ft *A^dl oLVjJl c^Asjj V*—V <^,UJ1 a^, ^UjjjVl Jj-01 '
^Ullj ^^1 ^L^l\ J ^.jjjVt ^U-x^Vl v-r^. ^"^ ,J ^ i>~o Jj* ^j
> JJrfUSVb*-
I jot «i»
*4
1j < <Jj:> jjo>J\ c^—.li i ^%^ VI
* (/^UJaII Jb jjaj Ul^ Ly uJ\ f JL41
■*- >
**
jj*J) J— sl^JI <Ju» ^ c*lo£ iLiJlL o^-JiU dlli jl> (< ll 6jJ? 4*J Jj
t^"
J *£j ♦ J^UxJ! J
44
cr***. (3
* o
L
V\
objilb p^j^j .^-x. Ji ^J>M <U>J\ ^bj* ^^ Oj^M ^ ^*w*»
**
t^O
^HLH 4* >dt Ji Wli <oU. ^jl JLc ^ <ul j^u' s^JOi l^&Jj
• <^,all <aJ*U| u>Ux^ ^ J J^LiVl <> hj^ **j* uf.J& Ji o_^>J>
^LrT^ u^J ujitij* 1>«-Jj oUSVl <> ^r^ J»LS1 J^VVl j-acIj « oUiVl <>U*.
* V^i^v^c^-^i^iuuo>^j» ^uvi^i ^ < ^^^ >_>y JjJ^vv
* * <J^jU ij^ttjxr) Lgj^xUj' ^XJ! ^Xa-oj! ,J-o pf J3 j>- * * (J >^-V\ *A~i o*A>-l^H &J.cl — m-a
Jaii 4>-lj ^^j (j^oU^ *^-« Ujte p^^pJl J • * ^y.y^J^ o^^-^^ ^^^ C^ 4 ^ tj
\«
'i*jizl\ i^L^ )yj jj jJt^-yi |
♦ *
Lb
Us** Jl> -u» -jlij ^ fJ tS-UI _j*j
tii^l ^1>I 61 • • ,53*iu-» j^i ^ }j ^ b ^^, ^. t>1
I_j-l>cj1
44
> jj~vi ,u ur
*u> VI <bLil
If
f*
■M)
+ *
>*»
L«ujxj c
ji) r oj«^ij « Ji^ij i^jjjii <jvi
fr*
i^J
iJL-A
+4
<>Ji
* I
* y.^i v^ 1 ce. -^y^ <-i«- v>ll
jJL* J*i • <U1 i^. Jjl^JI J^ ^^yJUllj r >L--j|| r> ^. j^ ^ air
<i <u.
«l
4 >^J Jl J^r
J}U- S^uicu <^y^l oLltjJ \ J< S Ua^ <^l^Jl <u»}L-V1 &o>- Jl cJlf aJJ
\ j^x}\ ^x uUxLJIj (y'Ui\n ^all J
r ^ JJ * v-^ 2r^
Ul o>J1
vt
«•
44
^^^ "S^J^J <J>w ^Lol oli <w»^l^l bJ&jH I £OJ] *JU c
■ 1^0-tfU 0jj*-ljCOl Jtf 4JLaJ?
!>«
^^^^.^.Vl ^^J l^j ^^ >AJi j^J\j i ob^l ^£ ^J\ IT a^J
\
< 1
♦ 4.
• 1 * **^ H
• v.>" ^^Vj^^'^
x
u
It W ^ ^T t l It ft **^ %J *
v
■lob >-uH <> cux^l V^V 1 5j ^ ^.J^ J 1 ,J r" Ol ^ -ij^ ol >~*«>j
u-° c^
iUH ..,i..^:.n J ^j*>- UJb« Sji UL>-1 i ^%^^ (JUil j jajsr jd\
*4
i
"
JIaj Jb Ujji J; ol^- c«A
■Ve V^-V 1 ^ l *^ 1 OV \>>"_?
C&U v L-b < J^' e^> ^ * b ^ ' ^^ ^^ ( j-a* ) viUi
II
<U3
»*
4 +
\ JU\ U^l^oJI l*LJtf V 5>i Sljll Jl >^. c^^^V 1 C^
lui a^jji.\ j»\l\ y ^ o-J
;VU- V.2L-VI oU*4l r-r^-J U^ U-ii ,»"J ' V*~^ iU ^ !
f *
>o!^ _)L^2.jJ
» t
.^.AiL^- jJ-« 1
tt
^^Jl 6j*\ ^ J/V! ^^Jl J ( ^ ) oJlT j*\ *ij^\ Sljll ^L^. ^J
'icJtf j <^.^^ SIJlV^L^i «>j ' Cs.^ 0^ J J^ 1 ^^ J ^
■ *
b
\v
^>U-VI c ^4) ^ ^ ( ^.\si\ ) V^VI sljllj SLAJ! ^ 1 ^ dUi ^
u-°
J
ziV< »j-usN V*-"Y' oU*^4l l^ly ^1 JLa^l cAlK-41 ,>j>
3-uiII 4J>j*J1 V^-V 1 ^W^41 ol £*-»•« ( JLcL-Jl U-bo'Vl ) Jl ( Sy_U1
)
*&•
obji
<fc
;1 ,> L~jj, . *^ hjj oUilkL* t> Jljj v j^izl) Uiij v*.kit
yfl jl o*t-M oi>5 oLk, ^ _i1>Vl <»U3 ^.yj 4^1 jLoil
u-*
LJIj
• 1J ^J ^ jl Oij^ <>. j»VJl <J1J1 > ^^1 JL5VI ojJu. U* o-J
Oflj < ( V.J 1 ^ **>-jfi ' ©JAJt 0J^ u-i*- < ylj-JI Ojl*xM u~k~> ) V^'
■ j
•5Tjl
ill
1
-a
ll
*t
■-
j
j] ^j\js^a Jtl
lo j ^^ u Ulc iUo^L-yl oL-^41 oi jjy U 1>^j
t/^ -^ ^^ J <^^ <i--aj uA^. >*^' j' ^ ii^^ ^^j^ (_y°^-^V' ^^^M 1 Oj
r 5 -?
-uAll _ V )
^A
: <^^U^V1 ujj*-JU]j Ja^jV) tj,r*Jl yj*^J l£j=^ oti^waj* i)U*j
c*j£l) ^UJI ^iill uOJj> J* JU^ j^l j • la*- 'Lj£ cSj=^b '**>• *>** V
♦ oto^Jt <U* ^Uj (^5-U^ jujUUI j^aHj j^ J oljUVl <ljaij
Jj;>j (j*«-A!l t>^b V-^-* ^.-?>^i 0^^°'^' '^j^j 1-oLil J^ <JL5Colj Jj^
♦ *~>j*J1j .^^ J^> i)tej ^ q« Jsu^j Jj^j ij t ^j*^J1 Ji-* !•*>■ 4jail>B^
* t ^lx*-w5'U j jj-sjcU <J>^^ Otr*^
«**
jij-n j^ j>s^\ ^^Vi jU=vi <> ^d\ & ^j-ii fjuiij ^^ii oM u
Jjj ^Ju ^JUI y>j c <^.y 1 J^J J~" tS^JJ ^.^ ' B j!.^ V^J fL^b
6U
oUl
aaJ \Jl9 1 toX*-«>*o
( ^m^ ^jj^j^ oij>>Ji ) j^^i— vi j^~*- «
^jr 01 "b
n jU
**
* *
* *Wju ^5 1 * > y-Z j4*X^aJ*
\^S r^J <-wa> ^il u^ls a-cJ-—^
w
• <*i Jl
^i^*' V.* 5 *- <J
1
1 4c^o5eJl
: -uun v-JjU r u-sVi Ji «u^i- jsu^i ^1 J^i) Uj
4
♦ 1
J bo
t+
i->>°
. =Uu»J1 jJUa] l^ ^ ^ ^-^^ < JL.^1 : ^JGl JU_^n
JT oV cJ jJ\ ^ Jj L_^j\i JjLu- <lj^ ^ oU^JixJl dk
u-°
5^1
<^-i
\
V
T
£
>- o 1 j-^yi V-^' V 1 ^ ^IJ <^ <IV^ (-UJ oU^l viLL- ^ 'ity^
jl
zcV!
: V^-V 1 VJ*-^ 1 ! ^"Vj ^^ oli J>1 oUJk^. j^yj
Lf
oVl Jj*4N
\
\
V
44
Aj
\JJ-
Jl Js^j
t 1
ail ,> U*^_, < J^jVl o^JI ^Lk^ ^ f 43l j&\ Jj^\ jJk^oj
oli <ikUl Jc ( bjjjlj l&^l ) V _JJ1 <SJL1 jJk— _^i Ja^ 3 Vl J^Jl U
oU=l J Ja^jsH jp«Jl ^^ ^JoT <^ Ji-JUj ^LOUVl Jae41 ^^ i^^JI ^>U\j
.iJliU UU» Vj =>Jl v LSctj J^jJLUl |JU r laA^,^Ltj * <^>U- U-a» ^.jJl
n-.r.-* ■" *.'--
'^"^^^nV^i^ntC^^S^- f'/Yr**^^l^^/*^-r-***V*r»
v.
Jiu
• LiiT <uM li.pl jj]) c ^_j)i -u^Uj _ L^Ublj <Jli)1 <4U1 VJ »J\
■. I
j£ — jb o4^4i oUy^n ^ ^iiu4i ^^vt \^uji jityi Jjp o^ t ,j>i
L-*0/l L>!^£jJ
5*-5U- VI J^Jill i*1L n
L a -j-vjU fjfr CUJ
i— « jtf .1
t*
L«
■ -I
♦ ^Lc <iuw V.i^i^' Jj^lj fl^4^ oby^l l^oxaj- oils' jA\ JJ^l £* g^j^flll
.■ I
<LJjJLa^>j ^^-a* flitfa-Jsl^ oU^aa-wJIj ob^UX^dl j!>U- jlJJb wii>- j 1*4**1 \£^J
2 ^^L^VI JjaJi illjX^l ^j 4 V.j*" \j J ^ m ^ ^j*^ (Ji «b>» <*i:> *Lkc\
i5'j» >* Ot Jl Jd Jt?\^\ ^j^\ z)j*l\ J LW IfljA^I JJI^V <-Ull
4^ ^ L4JI jU*1 J* J^jVl J^Jl <i5L^ Jlj J^-jVl J^\ J\ JUJ1 r Ul
i^U)/ 1 *Jj£n c^oU Uaic ^T >^ jJ*j &** pS l JJ\j*ti\ <j,j*t\ t ] -r^ **>'
* UV^ J <LLJ1 r >lx^1 jc^^j ^4*^' V-^^ '^.J 3 ^ t>
1 a 1
^ o^> ^L«Ji ^^ o ] y^ O 5 j^V^ ^ J~*jj ^>b^J1 Sy j oU*V» o^w
i c5>' ^ Jo^/Vl J^Jl fj4A* ^Uol Jl v^-r^ 1 oij£i 0li1 "^ ^ ^' (-^
y^dl
■n
jum^-*
^1jiSu>^l oUV^M v^'U" Cr-" (Jj^-*^ J^^jj ^.Jy^J J^U* - ' u* SacU^» oLoL<a*j
— «!>■ J u 5 . 1 — ^^ ^J-PJ U^.j'^*-b ^AV jr -^^ ^ V^JAil <^Ux;Vt
i-si^dt v^ 1 u 6 ^^ L5 I ^ a ~ uJ • aJ, v**-^ -kj^M tj^ii t> jj-fli Jjoii u^
^^^
£ <otjjV1 4, ^5^ja!1 VJ^' — A5>^. <j***«X7 «UJ!£n aj^aJl *JU OJb ^Xa-
U**" J** 3 UF*1^*^ U^^ ^ ^.>^_^ oljUxIl ColT *j^\ Cj)y^J\J^-J
JU
** J^c> ( V.^ 1 s^jJU j
** •+ 4
I J ( £j>=J1 ojUi* a^ ) j&
<0
*■* u^-P"
d K$y £* j* UJ oj£J ^^^ i/ 1 *^ ^.jb" t> s ^Vl J\ LTy c^^s'ij
o*x^ ^pol *Lo,jc <*LUU ju> <o^*M AjwI>J1 ^ L^jLSCo j*&j> 1$\jCuJ\ -l*» i)jL-« ^^^o*
: ^ ^M— -V 1 f^^ 1 0^. ^Lk>-}^ omLc Lj t alj
<^^L-oV^ i^LiJl S >^1 c^T U>- <JT o^UI 0^ -Aii * ( O^ 1 ) l*~^
U^sJL4^ J^ *Vji-Oi ifjs- Oj^ii Uil^^is- ^J-Ulb ^' o^L;^! oAj& c
^j^k^j^Vl u^.>^' J
**
>Jj 4 ^^£ «-voUi Oj^l J^*" o^-ii^J^ u^
\
n
j^ <^jj^\ a ^Vl <> qwU^Jl i»yiU J^. ^ ^ i V^iJI ( <ljuil )
*J
• 4-usU- 4jLu3J \*5j)J Jj^l
l>ui ul -**j j y^l V>^"J \~»*j* V.^T (Jl ^>L^-5 -^ 0>*i—lt O^"
4_^>U lL*>j ^jL*i~,Vl JjJJl <>, U5 JjVl UUI v _pJl J--Jj >lc
Julyl JL-A J iojU-JU-l v ^ o^ ^ J^ Vj ' U\U.U U-ijij V^
<U*j<U^ Ji^
<J|j*-1 ^ pUtS—L) ^ J JjM jUaw-VI j» C
ft
£*J O^
V ^^V 1 r^ J i
.4*
u - " u
^JL^jo- oJiil W^lj ^^J^' v^Jl ^L5 J o^l; ^^V* i*^ 1 VJ^
X
Y
V*
*t
j < iSj-JLJl S^LuiJI ^y. JU1M Jj^ l/>J> V^Y^ V-^ 1 ol
t
SaUlj L^kvj V.j^ 1 «->Lj^» && C ^^-^ l^ ^^ pUu!l( 1 )
• j*OJ>
cJxi LAi* <o>n ftjUaJb V^°V' ^A*-^ C& L^-»J^ ( V )
L*£
UjJVI *
jj £,a>. LJjL* L4J j-UjJVb V.^ s jti«Jb ai-Vl ( ^r )
• j>\>
_*J1
ij ^ u^Sn J^il J ^^^ f^ ^>' c^ 11 s ->>^b
U—a; V-^ 1 Jj>^ <»" ol ,> lt^.^ c ^r j^kH j U— U U>" 4-jjill
SbL-41 o**JLJl^ Sj'Ui^^ ^>^ oJUl <ii» 4> U Jl** A^j (> ^^ t> u i
vr
L.
^ jM V *~^ V-** 6 " ) c> ^" ^1 **fll cAbjjA) J s»U1j
♦ <w.3L-Vl *~*£*Ji}\
ill ^JUI J! l^ bjjjt Jl Vj 5t
^ <>- <rf>"
«U^Vt VJ^ J^ lA-i W^ JjlSIb u-J ^j < >u ^ l^il-l
u
^jll JRJJ U]j l^
V!
if! r JUJ| gLil Jc *V> r li,l Jl jcjU V UJlj
•«^L
.cdl dJb ^Li )
* r^. J i> ,*■>. J- 5 ^ f&.^yj Jw-L-41 Jb ^X- ol (> Vaj
«j ojiji ^^_ii ^i^, j*^ . ijMji vt_^ij v.j* 11 V^i fj*^j fiL-yi
Jl ^3^~> < ? <****" (J ol £.^ ^J * ^..r^Jl o^l <> ^"lill -iuftJl
V ^J^\ a^-j • iJl^il! <J.l>iAl! j*1 ^ f >LJ1 ^b Lui ^.^v) Jirf
"\
V
^yj <^._,^ « tfjSl] J_j-U) ajj^j LfU^, J i^M^x^l <^^L^V1 v _j«^l j
A
u
i
(Vj
all ) jlLl J Jiarj ( wdl ) ^ ^ £^, v^U,yi v _^_&n
♦ <.
J jail
v Ux^.1 (Jc )jjU oj& <i~^. bj^j* bjk- j^kj 01 v.
^oJ \ j, >J 1
* *i^>» ^jU^JI Oljjkdl <> Ojou j V^-V 1 ^i.*" t> ^^
1
4*
^.^JUllj ^ ^U! o>II JM^ u>JL41 ^.oJl JU-j ^ 1 JjjJI ^
< ^Ulj <i>a*J1 OjjjVI <~MI i> u-^Vl <> V"*^ -«'>• 1j-^'I
lj 0-i ■ ( Ji JJJI SjUsJ ^Jb JIT ^»aJl JU-J ^U *-&jy> Ja±] ^ftj
**
J
C*i3> tl>1 a **. i3t^„r^ »jL>j ^ ly5y^ 4 hjJLJ) IJu^l *^5 1^ V-LX^t
ii>cx!l ooj
It
5jjL«>. <!U- jji^u <;u»5L-^ ^j^t^l j> Sjuf bUc\ oi
<j jft",o lS„P"^ ojL^> i> V *UJl^*> «uJiJ ^_o5ou^ <uJL-qJ1
\
qvJLil o^_ 4j,ai^Jl ojUJI j ^o>- Uiix. oUlj-all <^»>L^^I 3^U\ J ^^ oJt5"
>\
\o
<j\j J1 C&J i UJ j _jj>AJlj fcjrtjUj <^J1j WiM ^ < ^juU«Jl,
■
n l i r
,
*» ■ t . I " - •. *•
A^ubJi <> v..^ <i ^ 1 ti <jj^. L ^ <> JJ^ £Mj * JUkm
* Oj*JWl ^ 4$Jj ^ LaJjVI J,t
•oa,
• * *■
all ol — -)llj <Ji4! kilL- 4*1 y ^xJI <^*J1 <15^1 ^j . ^y-L
r i
J&. ^4-iif o- ^jhjJJ Alii I la* jj * { ^^J31 JJ^I ) Ji <JUJ1 JJlj^l
^i ^U3 ^oj ( iJaS ) oUUk^ ^ J^- ^j u-oL-y ^-311 Ull. c^U_j
-? 1 ^?.>H c^^^-V 1 ^^^ J ^^1 <4UM oUk4! i^l^l i^j^ <J^
^r^Jl oUJii Jx L^. jif! . «l .11 Cb jti J} j C jljpJI Jl L^ ^iTI 5_^]|
*
"*
■J
J
■»
"Sff
' I
n
J _ L. U ji - cJ >J 43 U'i5\, U. V^V^ VJ^ 1 jJj^H i>*i ^ Ol
«( ^jjr ) j ( Lfy ) yfJUb U* ^j A^iUVl V j~&n t>*^ <> iUi, - Vl
< VM : W^ iJ1 V-^ 1 oV ijfai t^su-vi WJiy cou^-i u-t -U* ^
r
♦ _i*~a!b SjSJl 0- <ih?« oUj-u V^ 1 yj>*-^ cJ ~ li ^* 1 ^ i L * B '
<> J
JT ^ VyWW OjS*. Ol VW. ^ ^J»U.lyW^
._ij»*«M <ilf j (_5*iUl ^
^JUJIj ^V >-Ull U^. D 1 ,yw l^ oLJlX-V» <ilT ol ^ ^J
\o
u
• • *
^
<Ulo£#Jt «tf aJ5\ $QJ$ ©L*£i
jit ^l*JI <j>N <-J^a J^> s& £JW ^j*S\ JLU
:?
1
o_r» i! i hJ^Sj U'U-1 fej\xl) obL. ^ <^>L-VI VJHt ~i)l <>» ,_«**i iltyVt
• ( <ij.***JI ) J\ ( <W*J1 ) <•>• Jl ( ^kLJ! ) hjki
J^JI jab Jl> US^ Oj^l Jl J>1j i*JU*N J^l Jl iji ^ Iclji ljJUj
Sjl ^>Jlj <JLidt iijUi J* i,julid< <^;>L-V1 SjU^l ,>. <eljH - £
♦ V -L *^' <Ij-*lt J oo.o^l oVj>b~M, _ r i £ ^Ul ojSJl j <i_j*J1 v.jjjV!
** i _ .» "*
^o^aJI £ <^}L^V1 «U-*UJ1 : 4JU*J1 iijji\ j SjjL-adl oLojJjp-bVI
r t <^ ^1 ^jj^Xll c kjj*»*M ^ ii^UH 6 ( 5 ^^J)
*l illj \j^^l f LJj ( JjVl UUI VJ >J\ J il^Vl ) 5>V1 S^»U1 _ ^
tl
ii$ iJl
-7*
: I
I
L
J
ll'J^I
a JUUJ1 a jolt ^ »
oi sub J^v\ j
4JUi*J1 SjUVl j^EJ eO$4l ^B 5j JiI»
\
0» 2LH j ^JUiJl aJ>J« j»>
T
**
Y
oiauti J>~&Vi ^ s>uvi 3«»
^
4 JjVl JljiVl <>1>* cJlT L-.T Jx^-j J _i1>Vl jyljsH u^^Vl »iUS J
«S*Mj ^LL 0*041 l^JL.1 Ui « v^ 1 -^ SLc J i£«o Jr* <> ^
e
cr^ ] j^y>
(
H *
1 o>^5W ) < iy*-V' (^ 0* Or 1$' JJ < u**~Vl
~-Vl J <)1yV1 u->J !>'.,
J-.UJJ 3l»3U» Ij^aJJ— 1_, <J j^JLJI yjoll l>ij» j ty-3L-^ fJUJI J>N L^J c ls»-1
• f ^YoAol
'. J
J_J ^«^j <uJjJ1 oJlT • SJ»-I j J^l <> Jji[\j jJlyVl ol «i*o- Jj-iLiVl ^Jj
• jj^s. »*\J\} j^s- oJLUI U^'yiJI ■ii-» (^■ J "-^?i f^^VI j^-^alj ' c^L^Vl
n
o^jon i_^ ,>> ^_j ijl^] I — Sjzl\ o^joll j> juoJI j^jJ J
*ai
7toA4J<3
51
* « iJL
**
-iJl SjU^I »
J^
41
jvifll L^ic L ^Li» b J^iT lift Ujjjkr oU Sjuf aJj^ Ji j^j SjUl 3j1 jl _j
■ *
1 u5 sLfcJl jU^b' oj& ol a*j t ^L>V! 5U (> ajb^L s^ juj dUi ojfc. U
-j
i-r- ». '**
l_Ui* ^J'Vl -OjJl'o^u^l ^ oj\^\ cAj* c~J U 1j^ <^U. i ^LL^Vl .Jl u ii
tf'A Vi
T 4*
<• <JUJUJ1 Aijji\ oUAxJ ^JL^xj. Jl L**«Jj U^-^-^1 ( iiJ1 i^lxfl) -iiUi ( <JU£*I|;;
■ ' : Jji" A^tu SLjXiH oJU ^j <Jj
" • ■-.■>
J
4 h
jj.^9 J J tiUi ^Jil^ C i>*la*3*JV JjJb- «^iL=* ^Xs- ^^j^>- oa^lj \V
• *
1 ' J
L^.l>. q\S *uCJj £ ^'UijJl ^^Jl ^ eUj>j <u«Jj J) yw*x>l -V.*^r ^ a ce a .
* ( v ) « 0^^.-41..
Gibbons; The Foun-dotion of The Ottoman Empire
0)
* ^ c>» 6 S^LSJl t j-^h <^b^ c^.^^ v^"^ 1 ^ c O^^ a ; u^J1 a.^1 jy^oH
>
y^f? JG — Sj*i ^ ^ ^J.uiJl <aJL*JL <U*£t O^s-^1 <^- <J ^kd\ eJU c^Li-
■*-5>N l J^f l
*JU*^I ^> ^LLJ Jl <JUt*J1 <£j^^V1 u****-^ j>>' ol ^J' <l4 * ; 1 »
lJUcs^'/J i
< -r^
4W>1 J <Jj.*JLJI l*lajJ*Jl ^J^tJl ^Ai iJUJI Oj2Jl J <^ki" C-jLT <*S
L ■■
, * r
I ' fa j
i *
(jj,a
.*J1
3 -
C^j
►^ »3
:sa>ci* o}l5C-_~S^j c <uliil ^a*^ ^jj^ 6j4^_#, a j **■**! 1 *!./*' 0^
_ iJji^LJI 4JjjlU pi^Vl pV> pVji ^-^^v. 61 Jl
\i ^^.^1 aVj ^^
j^*j4I
J^UjJ\ <c^-1>« J »>^ <j.^^. i)^^^b ^^oxJl j£ jo5l o5 jH <j-ij* J ^j^^r*^. ob
L?
kij^Jl
yjU J J j * <j ji J^jj V <^r^ aJ1 vJy^ 1 °V'.y^ ^^J *>^J <*Jic ^L*»j
uu> Uj ^ ^ j>lji jo«a» c j)^./ (\)
*-
^i
-r-
n
C?
1 ai jj* g\J] Jii) Ji^j ^ oJlill o_^l J^ J>-^*Vl olf aSi
UJU1 pj ,> >i£H f a* Ift/ UiU ^ukJi^Jil 1 ^> c**i> ul o^ V^-V
c>l
ail ^LkJj^l ijj^l^^^l wU ^ O^.j^' o^^^Vj^-^ ^-^
JLukd*«oi» ^ el>1 Oj*SJ f b1 V# <Lt <u„4l uy^J) c Lju-1 i) a\ V^-j JUcI
aJU*. U 4 v ^b J>o^ ou <SU^J\ aJ*y JJ jcji o^ -*-i <^^- l> 1>r>
• 0) «*Xjt
ctf»
1 jUjW
air yw-o UjUiil ^J^ ^J>^Vl o/j ^Si * V 1 -^ <-jJ«ll S -Ai-a«
VV* obUyi M- > Uj/y ,>
*
t ^ ,^^ ^^ <-y < ;liJlj^i ^i : ^Jr ^.^^ (M
I ^b- Jk ( j& ) cJ^oij < "\> ^ c \S-\\ ^oi. c ^Jb <*LU) i^UoMji
«
4*
44
44
*■- **
P4 +■
YV
«>j1 > J** 1*1 j^u- < V-j-H-j—Lj Jj-UVl ibi-l 3L
Jrt
<w,^
frt
P**AJ
! <>->*'
O^J * U^-Jj1 4Jj\ i oUlc ^, w ,
> Oj, J-) 4 S^yi^J! SjLVi o-U> j^l Jy
i
t <skai j Iku*.
i ^ u*"—^ ^ O^Jjl oacU J^y S ac jll*
#
'*
^b
1
V
,J Jill ( \Vo A ) ( ^UjIjJU; ) <Jb y^UJ ^ ^ J^ j^ olj y J|>
• O^jJl JU^l j U\j J ^LiJi o_^b JljSeVl <> 1a> .to*
!
4*
**
I
l4*j 4 <^>J1 jtUiVlj -J jUll yv, <JI JiU <J»; V~J1
X
;ir i^LJi
^
•4
VA
*> l)J^**j>. Oit^^l jlk^s]\ <^--aI1 o^* M < f-^l ^^ tj* ^v^j^b
I
* a.^1 ^*J1 ^1 <( ^jLiSoVl )> ++»\ «uk jJUbt j~lri
*)j>l i**luU Sj^JUb iilyVl ^ c plkdl U$l slt^n Jb~u^ ^»jjj1 -ui i)U*j
L
♦ t^U JLSj*~Vl ^ J^ l^.^VI
h h
I * ■
j
.J o^jj aJJi c 4JLJUJ1 ^ ju*j JJC*fc ajjLA&^I ^Vj^ sLi» £j jLt yaf ^Vt 2jLjj j
^ B ■
I 1
F
£)1 ^- AjLa^JIj 4 4o)juJJ Xl* ^jAfi}\ o2j*£. J3V1 /<lc jl i ^y'LwiJl u^^^ Oj^H
VI o-^^H J <*Ji1 ^jL^foVI £^2> Jj ^UiJI <j-^l (i laSU- Jk oL-^jaJI f^
jjj&jix]| ctUi ol5" 4j jLAfcVl pUb' jy>ar Lju.c^ - ^v^c .«.>L*J\j ^Xc ^jjLaJ) ojti) <j
* <JUjuJI 4J jail ^i^JiS wJ Jl t-jL^-V^ ,> lJb-U
iHjil oj^ < UJ ^Vl ^*-J» oj JA ^j\ JLc ji«i*j AjjL&G^I ^ oUJ3it oJlT
^Xj J ijjid} ol ^1 i5l«U^ Vj-jJU 0^" -Li'lj'S^S-il ''j^J^ (J fUa^-H Iij3i 4^JiJ ^iiJs
]^i ;u,u- « ^^uvi r iui j uu jir ^jj^ ^jui ^ikij a^u&y 1 ^Ua; ^ ^>j
♦ aJUsVI *^lL1j^> J I4JI ^jJL^u ol
n
^m
* • *
•7
J
ll
U
*»'
P *
■4*
^
i
-*m
<T)
^L^^ill ^ jTj. jl* JjVl Ui-bj^- j JjaHj "°j^l\ obLoVI £>- I
5j_jjJl pUjj (Jj.yi' ti ^-^jj bjJ ^_,aJl 1-**!
M
t^^V 1 3j^M J JjOllj ot^yt
: JLl*1 <y ft^^Ulj <1>4>J) 4^oU*Vi Jjoll SUi ^ .Aj*ull U>ol ^^1 ju! ^^
<>. Ji>»
,5jlfr» I
•
J *
C
I
.JLJuJI <Jjoll ,U> J V^V 1 ^^ oUu2=^XJl jji o' -^>->^ ^*Uj>
.^jJ.ibUul j <xJjj 4
* £*j>)j jxju ( ^4 ; jlc jry uu*j ijjxi\ ^y\ L^o o^
oA.
\
M
) <>Qj * <ut* u^UiuJVl J\ <j**~i J^JbJ' J>U-* vl o 15 " L»jjj' J
V
i*
Jill ^ Ojo>- s— Alb*? aL5 j 1 -* o^" ^JU-i*H <! jaH (j j^-Jl Uu& ^1 VI
A V^A jJjj ,J ^j-JCll *j^y '^j*^ ^l-^l ^^ ^U- — ^ol^Jl ^J — JjV\ ^^^ 0-^1 J
t*
r
* <^1 jL^-JX:'.^^ *u.; ojUVl ^Jy lS-aJ^ JjVi
■ TA ^J-_
■l^fa v #| ^ ***rrt**W W i**kHXT**~ W'^.j".
»
1 * L
y ■* i
* .
i *
v
;;
;. I
4
*.■
i' 1
i
^
IS;
n
Hi
tii
Ml
2 *
"St. : I
:*: _ i
H 1
t ;!
f .i
■J 1
I ' 3
>!
■ :
1 i
■ ]
O
JlSLM v ^| ^fj ^ ^ l^j ^j ^ u , , , jjUsn ^ ^
ji >ji o^ o/jJd i<jjjt i)> o^ «=j j» ^ j ja_,.
JjVl 4* Jib I4J jjs-t ^1 <JJ 3^^ OJ h W\~\
J>J YV. jj
Jlolkl
JjVl-oj.b
rix^Vl J>U\ J] CUL^J JJ UmiT Ja^wj
U*
-»> J
^jli L5 X*. ^)U\ -^1 JJL11 ( dUJ jj^J ) ^ y^*j «jli D^Li
*tL»
^^-^ cr^ ^
jHH-" <> Oiw' ^J1>V\ V 1 ^ t5^ <iJ>^l -3US
J)
t!
iijJJ
xiJl <JUi*Jl <!joU 5^1^. eUi jjw ^j^lj^l c^w^l 115^ j
* ^'^Vl UJj.aJl ^j^
^ ^^Jl ojU'b <LiT V L^1 jLl^ oJ IT i ^s^l ^JoJI Sa>-j jl^JI ^JU Jl
«r*
Jij >Xc ^1^1 0^1 0-° cy^' - — i— -ajJl J^U- Jj^UVl o^ oljUl cJtf
\
.j
B£
i\
ehJ jj^* *W ^)A^„^ l^lf -^ <>j * f$J* Sjaj-JI 1>i»jieJ l^iiii of
aJ 4J
->»
t*
Ja— J fLAJl Jl -Uj.il ^ o-U-U O^ J' Vj*^- (^S» I- 1 * 1 .
. 4.
_J*
t
**
<,! J1 l*a, .w oV Sjus— VUi-H aJj4» Jx UUI V.^^l ^ "^
(
J^
)c
eA]JJ - • <^1 *JUiJ» <J jdl ai*> <**>* Jc s^u o>i* s^s
«
* •
Unji^j'tJ' ^T^^ 4 *?. ^
li* ^flj C duJjj^" J1 ( <!U^3. ) j
Y
^ ^^u 6^.^ o^-^;. ^->^ ^ vj>-» °^ Je o^u^i ,-at
liU
3 ji o 15 " U^ 1 lAfc 8 ^
<JUUJ1 <1j-UI o-i^j <^~"^
Jr* u- f j« r 1
ftt
,1
i bU ^ t * f 3^*
J-
jjt^f- J0)(
*t
i-t ) *o
Jtfl o
^jb
Jl
* * •■
r
,/~<2aJ
JL>-
UJ1
</^'Jf ob^^ ^.
^i « ^.j?>. * u; ^ J w
J-*>
<^^iJ A) *pL> ^kiL^j * «iAJ
i-*>>* J tSj^' u^^ o*^ 1 *-*-^
■UiM J jTo^Vjlyj « ( \i'*)s*
• ( L ^ ^;U J^* ) f-b .-JlyVl ^ ^^" (N)
,iJt±^ '| _H '
^T?!T
c .
3 1
■ L
_■ 1
if'
_ h
i 5
t
i
li
3 ^
L> 3
k
sv
<L**IS *Mj**N Co IT <Ui>-
Jj^l'Vl J^ *}L^V] J v^^) <>C J dtijj+j
Ucl jiJl ^^Jt etfidl A^y Sjj^Ij-^VI VS-jVt N t ♦ o J oLo ul iJb J
LijwU-rf-U
** c
Uk
b
t#
II
I
3li
AJtb
t*
j^fe j^ M-^y oiir u ^ij i ^jj^ji oojU.a ^ i^u^o
jO"* lS-t"' t)^ <^U^JI <1jjJ| c^/ ^r>. Jj^UVl ,>
•AoJt^J ^Iq^wL^J} /y^^ * *-0'!>Cll -X> Job pLLM (j-U
^jJU »-JiI^ i5U^ 0^ ***i 4 <lj^' J>J >^ j^J* SjiV< c? t P l/-^ l-U J>W
T#
JL^ * ^yu dl-tf 1 JLk* ^ jjjVl jJl J >Tj c Jj^UVl ( > Ijw
J ^^^ ^ ^-1 <> JJol o 1 ^ ( l*Usw ) o» VI c (
)-*rj3T
^-«flJl> c aJJ ^OjCU^ ^jLjJ^^ J^f ^-°V)j v-^* ^^ ^ ^»^' ** u ^ U J) ' A ^ :; ' : "^.
!<
JA Jui» Vy^ j JxS ii Mj> c»WI J oUJL- j* - <U)U ^ c^t ^ (\)
^ ^ * J tr^-**
■n^j
a
«jiki
~ji
* **
**
- 1 c> J_>r^ Jf- J ( «***" ) wiJ>. ^1 D tf IJL^Jj
non*
VI
Of All ja, ) 5T
J
t
r 5 " * <> ^ OjJl-i I^IT ^Ul aja^Jl JU^Vt c^w U*T j t^-ili] | ' jal
iU ik^^ <Ui (jcsl aijJl; v^ U^^' »Jji^- UJ cS^-5 Sjy ( *u^» ) a^\j
JjSH
- f U &> c-i ol 1J* ^yk^ c Lxw. ^J ^flj t ujjjLi j,\
■■ "I
• • •
^ r
m
i
i
l
i
^3
MS
4
5f"
> 4
( U « X ) <~JiJ*>JiJ1 gtf
: VH C V jtt '^U-flij*
oir^j -un Jui^ii^
^ (Jy iUUll ( -u>t* ) Mij -Uj
)
J'.
*11
t*. al*j| j» V.^jV! 4~-UJIj Vi**" j^'W J *i->» s^oM colT i))JLu
J L.jj^Ji J 3i5L-.1 ^^ -uc j>j jlftV) cu^jI IjLsJ_j < V.^b <3j-*tt u-obXM
v.jjjVi ^jVi i> ijiyvi 2-ij^.y s^o>. <^j^ <ju>- jUji jb jijj -cj^uya
J. Huniade
Eugen©
Vladislav
0)
(V)
•^
-^ri
^^•Xo^'''^'^^™'^^
n
M
T +
-a
^UJI Oi-r^J - j^>* ) »j^1 Vr^ 1 u*W» *0^' ( r > u^ ^^ Jj
i
4
m;
4JUV a^J*^ 0^ J-^. 0* J* tS**^V^ 6b < l J^ ^ * L T C ^' ot^-aJ-J' J w -*-
ri h
i^i <!jmO! Vj 0^=^-° V cJ 3 ^" ^ ^^ — ij^Vu^J * Vr*^-*^ J ^ ^...r^
* *-
■ 4
Jilj coU <^l~a]1 vj^I o-^ u* il^LJH V^l 0UU3H ^V eUij c ^\J1
qu o*U£ ^1 S^l 41 eUb' <> >i» u ^ 4
(-) ,jij\jf JUojlXJI V j»J1 oA^ ^jjj oU*J^**lb ( — i^^*-^ ),
L- ;
rj
g-^1 pV>* wiij^ ^1 ^JUUU h*\A\ J\j^\ J aSLJI jslixsV) olf
^c ^ki jjil 5^, l^*^ jX*z> t q\£J\ J S^C««u» ^jjj^ s>J^ o)> u^-y cJlT
♦ <JUJ1 5^JLaJ) i-jj^vJJ Aj t 4>-j »juo>- oL 1 ^
t
George Bronkavich
L
*»
Nich
Cesarini
0)
Vj ^1 Volaque (V)
(i)
(V
dUj. jcUi* cSjxSj ju«fc]» U^-cj\SU\ J s'jfc^JV Ve-ll o.U*jll c-*si'l
■ i :■ ■ ■
^aj — I ^Jj^ij -iji^j S^-u^l oU_j£> o5"j>J villiTj < Ujy "iiUUj IjxtjJl
1 ' I
■ ■ 4 4
- . i 1
r r
cr* ) O^^U o^j'UIj o^juJ^ ( <; <^jj\ ^j> ) ^U^j '^jJlA^Jlyj jU
_ j
F
. ■" J '
h
4&j\^\ jbui'jfc\j> t £j^^j ali'^Uj^l oIa jVjL^l^culU^i)' <ikd) Ji.
H *
I P
J ■ ■
• -
« .* _ i ■ *•
i j
«
*A
aSLIj* „-JVjV1 uUUJl
c «
^
L<iJ
1
JLojlfll
iL»«n J^l- Ji Uoj l)w jjjV) i^OLrUll a~Ac j cJb 0) J/ba - -^ ^caj >T oJtf
( iS^j^ ) J*> ^rJ.o' ^ c <£^Uo» i^t^AU^ jloc[ t ^5C«j ly^AoUn 3jl-JI. Jt
*
^
5o£ jui £,\ku-»j ' yjiUM ^ f4>. A 1 -^1 u**l olui C*^ 1 - ^^'-^ T 1 ^ t>
M ( V iUJitfwJai J»,sJU
.. tVJUUV iJW"Vl Jui <-cU>- <^i-= <lj^ j^i - ( ^'JJ ) ^J^ ^j^
iir
.^JLc;. ^1 V^JJ' J-M 1 U- - ^^^ ^^1 U>.^^^~ V^ *LJ' ^^
JU* juo jj jUIbj i 4j.a>«^ jf. Vr^ 1 V-r* 11 S -^ ^ 1 0J-^*>. a^>.JJjW f
Vl "U^J^
(\lrt~\*^ J)jr)Jjrv"S J^- Vlad
DracuJ
(N)
i\
***- ( ^jUH j^ ) Jjz^j c (Isjj) 5T^ 4*
^ili o\lukj
aJ! jjh\j~*\ fLI Jj»f
■M *4
%
Jj-Ui* £j>Jj*Jl; qkik-J Uj^l^.1 S^LJ o^- iLLLJ^in jc o^Ul 6^
*V> ,> ^JUI <JUll 0- ^i lylT Oi-ill p* <Ji4l OUC- oU" oh t oL~u*JV
V oji *»jU*JI ^UJl (H^^-* oj~* «^j oj»y~ UJ d& < ^ L>-il41
r
-*
i 1-2&AH'
L.1 <^ Jjusx oX jail ^^iil Ji>l1 ^l^JI eUi 61 i)j^!j c V >J!
I !
E ■
I
Catalans
0)
( <^^l^V1 V> *^J1 « t )
■=*- n *fl-^*p h
■■^^^r r ^^^
^J/lXll- ^i^jVl OjUxJIj S^Vl 0.1 ( ^^Jb qvkik^S ) 4j^llc
1
4#
U^ UIJ. J^J) & ^Jj . ■izjy. 4^-u. ^ 3^,UJ] iliV 4^^*11 JJL-jM o».1 _^
Jsto* oJUct (_/!! <b>n lUUJIj, j^Vi i i5.>aij.L*ib J*kik^3 d\S
w^- l^ 1 i/ V^j^ V.j^l ^.jjj1 <> a*l <U*-j Ji*-j» .^.jcj ^j*JJl oj-ll
V
U^JLlI oU>UJl JS^i £>OVL t-JU* 3*jVl .i*^ t>l ^^-1 ^LU}
^
jjMj-^Vt *Lcj <>" <*U1 s-JjL^ (ju 4jUI1 LL^* 4j^UJ\ oJu* ^a^o <jtf" ^& j
: ty
j>i^Vl a** iy^ *>LJ1 Jdj Jt TV) JjuM _ ( ^jjUy ) t J^ -^
F '
| 1 I" . #
* (( *1 t- ^1 JLojUCM ^Uj Jk ^1*41 -LUt J^il ^ri
I 1 '
I
c
r-> u^
-^-u
i
p
* J^t> V' 1 * 2 *^ ^j-Ul^jUi* co 15" ^1 J>JL)Ji*H j^l ^> cr-i 1 ^- ^^i ^JLs*^ o
aa
^X^^^/ ^.jU— 15*>Uo1 )) J^-jJI v*JJl o^>. ^^ u?.^ 1 ^^-J O 1 ^^ (^)
o\
^r TJ 0>- C V^J )■ jH e*-> ( ^^ > v^> e*J < ^Lo> ) ^ jJU^-uli'
■ *■ ^>^k q ^k ., . ..., * j^\jr°^l £* ^L^ iJlij 1.U c^'U- Jjj c \J^J* vv>1 £*j
li
^■JJ
ft
t
+
■lif
■^
W
I'
I
L
a"
v -
J
J
O^ ^.y ^"j^' ol^aJI cJtf 5i- i*jMui £j/j j^^JI J'jJJ <^0 lZ-t" ^-^1 J
*
^
>-i.-J 1 * LgJ Ujjlci (jxJl *U4\jj Ut=rV. j"*-^" ^-^b ^^ ojjjb-A&yi o^T
Vi
j ^
>*!iL»-*i.
f
■V"
rV
■sir
I
i
%
t
iv;?j r
Vatachia
Cheuafrers de Rhodes
Rag use
Ploponese
Karamcnie
it)
(O
(0)
^
1
1 * r. j h
TVT
Jh
S 1 '"■
t
*Y
<^*l ^ < -u^Uj c-5 j ^ b . q^*~» ->>U-*V1 ^ S -^U1 **»*»-n -»jUUl
:« U«^j CoJ ^Vl j*J\ <> <JV\ ^) J«j d*-- J-w-11 > S^L* 5jk|s-
-^ UcsS^l c^iij ^* 1j « LfrJ ^jSaij V.**?' ^'IrAH <=«« u* 0i»
«•»»■• J 01 j liaLodlj UuJtjS-l U^u^r A3 (^,-LJI a*^,) 0j ji eWJb • 442M
Sj-UJI UUI oUiUH l^JI alu>j jA) '^j^\ Sfcidl SjLU* J—Jl 1JU D tf
4 e a. J <^4I J=VL^V <*jJL» <42)| oO* j eS^i ( J[il\ Ju^a ) \S • (^jkH qw
1 - 1
05UL. ^|^y» jj«, ^ V la* ul 0- ^ J^J u^*i «>^ < M ••** J J-I.I
r^J-5 -^'j^-^'j v'-jO tf-^ (J oJU-1 ij jL^a>Jl (j l*>-\^- 1>-^a-« <**i4U c-o'15"
1 <JUJ\ Jsj^Jb <^^>LiJ1 **JL«J Jl oj£^ TTjJjJLi ^Ja^^ J^UI^-^Vl
V*****f
\
. oUJ
-^J<
■i
i
i
1
-1 '
1
^ ■
-■-i
f .
b'
or
• i#l jt, _ i«j| ii^-vi j^ ^_
UlolC-^La, V^l
T
^L_^V1 o^, ^ oV f ^j, u. j, < jL ^, ^ ^ ^.^
^ Ch*U >L_^ U J>V , J^ ^ u , ^ -^ jUiun ^
* t*
I
L,
*Jlj *L~ <ui^, ^« ^ < i!> ^v Jd]j t -^.^m iU;v
f Ji ^-U VI <.:. U :U H I] 11^ J**! cJ IT L, cOU^il ..U Jt, 6 j i^Uocl Jj
-UJ jjj ^U~olc 4
**
It
UJ!
•^JJ
^"o-uJ! Jji
f ^ t»1 ^j. V^ £ ojuT i^LJi
5-*-*-*,^/)
• «
iW
^1
jUasJ
<-5 i)jor v^Vl oUU^Jl ^ jcS \fji v>1 , ^^^j-
»V!
«U^-oLc
.jTjii <.j^\ ,> Vj ab j^^i, ^ ^^ ^, SaiJU „ ^ „
#*
^^ -U^Uli J] <^^u-vi
^>
1
4
«i
1
L J
?.
s
&
c-
r ?
W 0^* ^J^T 3-J^ — <L*-uJjII ^-JLJo^uJy^ pL^-l Jb-t
-■t **
( 4klc )
J
\r
• p) ^W^LJ] t^Lsl-JI jlwa>J\ JlU 4>W.I - J5V\
V
I *
c* 1
M
ft*
Lx^w (r^^ ^ cf^ ( r^^H *w*t* ) jU^
p.A-Af^I.X-A*U
<^J>E^_-i-ul 1
u*n
U*
a
^JU ft J] UlOll 0UJ4I-
.Jut u ^
jJUl * <J
•I
-J1
ti
O
IU
I A.
■^b J j . £ .( rV 1 ^W a * > ^ ]j ^* J <w
u>
: 0tSU1 J ^^ C^^ 1 ^>^
1
J? ajii c l-^j-JJ) ti jl o^vfiJl
^J - jjj.3 ^JaJa^ilt Js^uJ
t,
Wjk!
j'
4JL^- ,i U* C&3 ' U^J OJ^flj < ^V^ 1 °^ L ^ U,UC ^^
v*
1 *• . i ft.
\juf bjJL* btuaXil ^^Mi
UJU1
1^,1 ^ >ju. ol J Vr- ^-^ ^-^ oir J
Lamouche; Hlstoir© de la Turquie. Paris 1953
AX
00
li) V^' •■*— * u-ai^ oV U
II
olT olj ♦ OUiUU £>i»J1 o^l Ji
IT
\r
Vjfc ol - Sjj_U j UlT UD| _ £jJjJl, y^k^ jjH^VVliiLA J^ij
*ij*Jl
wir
. 6UJ
ar".
b-
wil 4.) j^*J )
^
^
C. U J
^^
•-U-^uw
k. r
I <1>UJ
^r
, \
41
c«J j ^1 VULJI j^Ul J jJlyVl <-.L— cJir U5^»j
) jOLJl. <HLo» V^| io^ oJU>. i^J^ ULUI JL: ^jL^
II
\\S
■8*-" *-*->ww
^•UuJl r ^LJ1 II* PaxRomana J^J\ ^%^\ j^j ^ Pox Ottomana
a^ c^ 11 — c^*i L_^»j^ LM^ o^ Uj'Ij < iw-U^aJI ^Uol Jk UL5 ^£ J
* <JU^J1 <Jj>-U1 uuU J lj*± Afj^, ^s ol <> oUUl ^5
Jjult o-U c^'U Jlj * loL-arftj U^Cuj: OUJJI >!^ JLc ^Vl j>JI V" 1 ^
Uo( d^'- Jdj;t NA^D-
'/"■; '
■ * w *-*" »|rf W - II _ V _ *L ■ .- ^ J - ■■ *^ * .- _ . t *■" j **" J ""
■Sj„
*/*-_'- * -
°n
V* vH^ji 4>.yc^\rcvuiji ^Jjjuj <^*uu iL*^ 1 ^^ oJu^ji^j
A
w*j
ii»Vt
^1
J\ oj iJU5"jJ ij JLie (^33
JTL^; ^Jjj ^U ^*. ojjjl oUj * ( Ji>JI <>> tft ) Cr— .0j3jV<-^.
• U^a JUVfl ^j cJ jM o^ii J olTj • WJI tfjSJl <> ->-u ^ ^UII
** 4f
3J1 4>«xi ju> UJbu) ^kJ^ -uJu ^lill -u>^ a^-j ^yJl ^jli! ^ -U
£X» j] j^aJl jl^l ^ 4jlSL* ^AJ\ ^^ • 1*jl* jl £* *ji^ fL-J1 vV-* 5 cJlTj
*Wr J ^
c><*i
>uM
c 4J1mu1 y\y ocUr
I
-- J L-' 'W^L.
i"K
^L^luaJl AJjUJlj ( ^J LJSJ1 -U*^ ) gjliJI *U>«^ ol&U^ <Jju iJJj oJlT y^U
IjS iSjA. w-o ( J\il\ ^u>^ ) oV Ulj « bjjjl ol^M.. -iix«
-jj. ^ iju^ t cJkj ^41 a. o*J cJb ^1 al,>l 1j* UJ ( ^ i 00 ^ ) v^
JjL
3J_ m _ Ji ju-Lill a»^ o^^J) ^ J ( oLu^Jl •>*. ) ;i ^>Jl c-3 j \nV Jj
.E
oV
u"~
<c
Jj*X+J>
jl^i-V
»
a5 oJlf (*) J^>-^ p^k C**j£ <J* <cU3» Jj>-.y ^J>
51 *A> co^^^l ^ i pl^Jl JLe ^j/jVlj iiUylXll ^oJ) JU-j c^U
r
<u!*a»i! *-u* cJ»o
**■
a*
l-t»-
<J1 ^k O^' 1 -^*" J*^-" 0' *>*» ^j' -J^^iJ * S -^" *^~^ J
J- ioc J^o la* viU- Jlj t ^5L-yt <>--^ J y-^> u^ s >/ J ^ c b
frt »
■5Ld I
Jlki
*> J* J*- 7 V' 1 -^ 1 <Jjd» c*tf, <JaiJl b^>. VU- UUI eJlf i)IJLu>.j
**
*JU
4*
4j
;j
*4^
t/
;U!
6J &Jj V^-!j il^ jiui 5^1 ^ajj iji;
j
Jlill
)
Bogomile
(N)
r*?£w^r^j^
fct M f fij t fc ^H --
L>J.
°A
V 0^ i*U1 oS jM J L«jUU». V^--i' oUUjJj' ^ a^ ^"i eU j CAT
S>_caM «4»| ^ o^i-j JjT ot L.U1 iJb ^J <lCIj J\U\ ^^ L,U| uUjji o^
^ *
-i
.4
*J\ pL.1 oWI J U^-j el> jaiiC ^1 ^r^
♦ ioJaX-k^MAJl
*4 *■
Ojo
J jj-» COeMfl
^1 LJUI J. f^L-^ y^faJb V 1 ^- 1 * 1 ' ^J^ <i ^ V Jjia -**U
^1 qj^il) J <^U 3^1^ <JL*J1 ot^H) ^T1 <y A-JUiJI ^UVI uJ^
' w -
• ^^ £wAl]| JJIjlj ^rv^JX
*
UJ>. ( <ib >u5L-l ) &li^ V^' c
' , '.■■■
r
P
-ifi C olkLJl *«o ^UxJ) Jl ^mp- OjJjl oOllj C^Cj^l <^--li 4^3* ^jiliU A«j>«^.
i
1 5-
i
o<\
Oj^j1 o^; olkl «J1 <U>- ^ >uJl f -u ^to. ♦ XJUiJ! <1jjU1 ^o*. J if^i
»-w ,> <uj>> caOCAj-j ( \ *VA ) ,>->.
4-131 ^ij O c«liJH J Sj^lsll a Ui^ j,l£, J JU) ^,1^1^, <J.uJl o
0j>
;lf
^J
♦ <U-ia.xk^JiJl i^U* ( <kU ) ^ L4I J*fiJ
■ ■■ 1 .■
j
L I
3 £L41 oLoL^5l Jb ^Lu-41 t>i>*Jl -W> - i«juiau41 i^M^Vl oLlcjll
Jlgi ^j < *m> U* ,> p^-Vb o^kLJT ^i ( Li IT ) >IU\ 4L-IJ,
>u**x>- jJU^ ^-^j^]
*-LoJfn-A 4ju-U»
«
^W jte*
*4
4+
L-/1c>
14
CjS^h c Tj X\
,Udb
i o:>u*ji ju-ji <> cJUi *u> ^juuii oJ£* ^ij < j^i ^ otuj <^n
U
-J
J*
".V
1
Zante
Sainte Moure
Otronte
Levant J*^jd\ j^^U ^^l ,>j^1 (\)
<«
(V)
(0
**~ m ^*^*&^nm'!&?X*?>V15T*rV:*- » **-=»?:
"tilt*
"\
\4
■i
' hi C&i ( jJlin Ac^ ) ^UJl jl*p« oljU*M J* 5*^ sja; t
*ft
V*"*?' ^ c^*> J~T d^" ^Vl l«7ji' <JLJU- ^ ^JLAfc 4JUiJl <J>dl
I o-5j ^0 j «
4JLw.j jjUJl
]
u*». J*J ^W u^ <> -i-^Vl OU«.» v^» J^\ oLkJLJlj ySViJi
ali>M ol l**^1j Uj • jyUS-il olkLJl ^>" c*tf <«3lj oiliT ^H jX\
^
*^v^J ifl>*1 *i^. ^^ u*» v** 1 ' <> >*» u^
u 4 ^
~u!
( ^y^s- o_3jjt ) ji ( ^
*4» ) J
^-^ J 1 L^
tl
iir
ill ^^ cJL^i ^=41 U1 c J^J\ IJbto &li_^> cuJi>bJ jl^y o^^ t.1
Uli t >iJ1 otfj c l^J o*i^j V/ii^^ V-^wT^' lt^ J ^J^-? 1 ^>^^J
i>>. ) -^U^J * <i
41j <JUiJ1 O^J^I uri VJ^ 1 ^ j**
n
il
cr - ^ )
,y*[\ t^lU SlJj <*-0^,i j^XJb ^>1 — ( ruJ*U]l -U>^ ) <flJ>
(^^
^
V
V
c
•n
frj < VM ^ \>\~ m j cir U.-I ^ _ ( eUJ1 w }
aij
4*
<--* .jU* ,1 cl^b U^. 3i,^ U < j, V| ,,., ^ o ^
' « coir
V
Dj— -bl cJlf L_^ . ( ^-LtJl ^ ) <x,LU olT elloTj < l ;i„ j
• ^3 V . t i; %. .. AU OJ* ^JUI «iUJU <jLA- ^jU-U
c> ' £i^Hj o'UJU Lu~ 15" J, < J^ u jU. UIU- ^UH ju*, ^ ^J
*
«iUj >"~d q^jjll ,> *_**>• ilU* ob < ( U; oyli ) ^LUI o^UJ) v-^Jji,
cJITj J^UI \jU cjt, ^ SjbV ( cJUIl u^. ) L,^j j;}) ^ oi <J a^ V
v>-«.i <^ o^! ^o*\ j vl^i ^>Ji jc jiib ^lm jj\jj^j ij
(^)
• ^ ^ V^Ml - V^J) >!>-*» ^jj UU
^
-%,
*
w
4^
■■in •«*■,-:»■■ —
M
**
r " .
J
J1 L3_^ LI h^jf J^ . oh JjU*» ^ ^ ' J^ 1 *?>. *^ ^^
c
4
* • *
j4
J
i
» '
I . T
1
?
\
\
«U^aJ» aMJI J ^UlftJUJl cA>jm
♦. ajjjil JWS J ^WUJ? g^^ji
V
r
r
1
* $j*U ^le£«Il gtfJl ,„ »
1
f 1 ^
St ;
. K
Ws
*J
Prt^
M
:*
r
^
b ( j^UJl -u*« ) «*jV U£ UAN j lyUtJI juj*b <;k\,M Jy
4
**
C>1 £-j •
UJI
oj-a'i jau Wii .jsii Sijuii VJj *n ju ^ <ikui ^^,
41 ^ ,>i Uli, l 4jj*u. L«j1 J>Ma ; \il VJ »J) ^ |
OlT ^Wl u, j,U
'j <oUl SjioJI V>; »J) <yL^J l>^i. olT j>l jw-UJI ju^. <^1 ^^ ;l>^t
*Vl,> jrbjH v-^' lj ^ 5 U^»*<J SjjUll sjjuuJI c5^J^ li^j^lidl
■I
■M r JJ ^ ' u-jU lA ^ Cu j J <rU) .> Sju-1 , r , j uii • <^>U-V\
<*ruj\oi
jjl
M
h j
jjUll V 5 ^ 1 Jj«^ f-* \*$\ oljU~Jl J^Ljj * ~a* O^W-
^
<> 4— »U- ( jixJ\ ^LJl U* *ljj ^ja <i-t* JJiptJ J ^"UJV ju J>b mm Jlij
U
ijU4tj Suu^JUxllj ^U^Vb i^U-axiVVoUj^l Jb ^LuJI ^^ yS ' j& *<^>J>
<5^.jj_5 <LoL>JL*n «UjjJ\ ^j-^a*- l^JU-V-..^.) ^1 tlr^. *~°j* <^^ oi^l o- 1 ^* (J ™ ' (, -MJ-^wJi
U^ U
^---*
\ oUxn )) jjju ^v^ (_^~-iJi ^^41 J i v W| »ij^^ ^.^1 ?^J ] a^^-
(J
-i»uVi )
^tr*???*^!*^^
*u
•■*«
<J
**,
*
■%,
j-
L»J|
$
oUJl oUILj cuJtfj. I t >^ ojjjl aV.,1 a^l..(.JjJ-. u^. ^ *'j* ) -^'Jl j» V otf;
tf
* *>
<>*
i^L^iJl ^UjJI ^tc *ux*; JjcUw-'l *L£J1 <r^>. oJlT Wait «j|>i!i
■
yJSM - olx^i ^ j\^x^VI 0^ ^lij ^ ^jij * s >iiil VUV 1 V-^ V O^;;
H
* uwL4\ ^jJ <^j 4.J1X- ^^-aJI J-ocL.^1 oLAil ^k^ _ ^^^^1 JLD ,50.^1^1
r 1
«v
VlU-
^v
jjSp- I4SJ IS- C«J J t ( ^JJl -J~a ) J\ *j*-0UJ <;^i <J^^ S^-'l
(jjjjl <*-L^. ,J ^^xijl 4j ji^oli 5_^a*V1 J^J s^*j* £ l^j-X^IL^li l4ama> <*5"UJV
S^p-Vl JU-j o^ c^' ^i^ 5 ^' ^^ J a- 4 ^^ ^JJ^ 1 o*y ^ * J 1 ^.-? 5 oV^ f**J
J^L^l jX^. ^JJI j «VI 4jJ_3j» J ^^yj\ c*0 0-*°- <^j3j' 0>« JUjj i <i ja-^JV
^ Jrij-r 5, u^ l^J^****^ <lj-J( o-i^J ^L^>15 ^.^ *^-Ji ol t> — Oi^^ lji*^* ^^^-i ^1-*—
nv
JrJ-oLill £Ut1 (*U j^j U&>_ o1 <> J^V<*' UUi il^a* ^y*± ^ a\j+ d^j
j^aS\S oUaJLJI ^Sj _ jl^^ 5 ti^l t> ■»'***» ,fl£>- ^T — <-*j**i & Jjj-- 4tf*jU
L.
*;ki
jMj-lJI ^^ioojl J^cU^I oU-£J1 *)Uw>1 *jjk*>* iJ-J-^ ii->_>*^ oj^-aili ^lT Ujijj
^ i^jLi (^.jJI Jj^il <aLlL« <j 'UiL^ w^jl' ~^*U2» A^j r^»l <>1j o'jdl (J^
'Ji^xJ j ;u> J*1 ^U J^Vi t>J»jij ol^l jus. <U>. i'ljuV Vt**-^ oWj*^'
i* « Jj^aJt oLi J^U^-I )) <T>^ ^^ bl
i\ — iijj k-jjZm ^.> ^\y aj,^J Lux**u» lSj^AJI aj^uu'li (j^-«Jl 0^" (J* u^J
<1 £+^*j V cJW *JUu>- cSj>JI L**»-1jj 6lT ^ <«UJI ^Jj^yi u"l ^iljJlj
j>«JI J^-1-La Ji^tj V../*^ <J»-1>«J1 ^J 3 " b^*-*>- (jl^^l J^k— Vl ^^ ^vO^/^J
■4*£jJtt\ ijU*Jl J>*-J 1 ai <^!iL-«lj i^J^ <U*jU* jT Jl>-1j ^..jJ^ ??tr^b j*^-Vl
.■ m ■
o^ti 6UJLJ1 JJ^\ dluJj-bjjjl ^- ^JUdl aU-J) ^1j Ji> Jl ^^ Ji> ^
Jjla ~-Vl JU. J^Jai ^J^ 1 O^U>J\ JUo)j <J j»Jl Olj^l f Uj"b t$J>Jl
<u^^ull
U'
/j^ f IJjJl <>jiJ
Ul j JUJ^JI
^ rcXAJ V^ J*^i JJ^J' ^IkLJi J^>-
a-"
^^Ji r^j"
U
] uJl c^^L^ *J J \i4Jj
JjLC^ujs j\t e>Ju*\^ A-4-j^ <-**AJ
oi
) J& p^La*-Vb o-^oM ^1 i jSlyJl <i'LU J^U- ^L*^ e V.^eJ\ % <**a J& ^
^c^Jl ^JV^ a*^ ^^cj c oU^Jl > ^ cJ jc ^-fc^H J) oUJJ Shi J^Xi Vr^ 1
*\a
i of > a-u < ^u isu- ^uu uu ^i ^in ,uic > ^-^
* oLil^U lJU o- ^-jf U jji :u~an <i^L> ji^jv
i 1
J
1 ■
N
r
«u^UI JU j*« ui g-ku-j <LJ ji^ji ,!_,_, u j | ojL ^,| oLiJ , ^ ^j
' <^41 J .s'jS I
+ + f*
<)^<*Ul j
t #-
>dl .*^U- tfjLxA) J^xU^I cUJl ^ jl^i j ^u^ ^j
(3*^1
*^l*
• *SjU\ ^JjoJJj Lj.UjuH aJjjJ] \M\ ^1 £* .JJUxll
N
'■iSs*£ ^^.j^Jii) ^JUI ^
V
&$ uur «*> j .^n o- j* < , (J ^ J ) ^ji ^ ( o^^ ) ^]j ^ 6 iku Jcr
ob ^ J-M <il ^ • Jw-jsN ^J] J* eU-o JkJ f UJ| J* ^ jj>w U4,-
<JjoIl dUi; i^^J ,/jjji J^UVI j <Sj^ ^-Vl 1/ «~&J| y^JUl ^ U>. -isS
\
< — ^1 0^* ^^J^ yMtall js*; J^»«zH 1JU »j_^Ui- ^'UIl •JjJjU J*^. J U-^>j
M
U^ U* ol
-M
I
i (J ^ u*>- Jjj>^1 lo*J ^l^Jl u,,^ _ ojJ^I> XL
^
■4"
-UJUlc
*?
I
a>T lol
** •*
J-r*^. i5 J>M D^ J>iliVi J ^u*AJ1 ^
,U4J
■ " ■ l>
t>J
LiiJV.yijJb t>JU4l <J>1 <^Uj ^
<5>' <^r u- »iJ>Jl jt J-*L~-I „UU1
OiJ^U uijJUr
>U1 Ji*.
J-*U-I =UiJb j/yi u- Iju o? ^^k)
<YJ_j*41
>n .>«kj j_,Vi r JU uikLJi i* i Jj£ ^ • <^sji
j*15 U-u> ^J ^" ^J ^c^. <*•»-** p«J.j* -a > < ^_ij) ^
M
. 1
^
j ■
juut oiki. ji ^i^n u^ < -ujj^j
er ^ -W. ob <?j5 4^ jl ol^Jl
d^j- — «Jl JU-Ji j «u^«IC>j
( ^jL ) j ( <i jj ) j ( ^&jbj ) J* >.
o-°
JjVl
* ^^^ ^' -A- 3 -* -Ai-^J J i^iH <UQ| V U^,T
r
." ^i-uflll ^'l^jJi f)u*AH IJuft ^k olbp-iL. oAc LoaJj
^ «.+*■
V
*tjsu ij\ %** jjuu^j ^uxi. ijC*** i»jLi. *y ^ o4*acl 2jy*all oyiaJl 6t
jj UiUll ^L^V1 J if &-dl J (.<tjL*A\ SjxAIV) omm *ulj * ( S^l )
UJ\ ^.^JU ^liU <w,lS 4^j^ c^JI ij ( V 1 ^* 11 V-^ 1 V^ 1 )
^-jU) JUVl ^-aso 0^ o'J-ij JjVl (»JL- <-aJ J UJT jbU1 ^JL" ol OP u&J
jjsj JiUH J jt>-UJ\ Ujjjj 4j_5jL*sJ1 SyuJt liUr fcjlL. <j£*j 4J\j
s^ gui ^ ^~ iW- 5 j l*~-^ r 5 ^ f^ ■*-**■ ^ ' t^ 1 J J** 1 *"
;_«j J\ ^TUJi r lkiH jLuM Ujui JWull ^jJI J« S^5 JJJ SjiwJl ,>
^
VI
Jiolj l«J <JJiJI ^1j 5JiO*JI V^y^ 1 L ^ ;1 ^ , J -5^ ^^ eL - SJ ' *- v>
UJ1
r '
i^^^l <Jb oW L* ^,> °^-J u jlj^ ^ U ~^ ^^ a^-r-^ 1 ^ ^-^J
V
Y
vv
6^> 6j*LA\ : {j^ J1 ^iU-V 1 <JW i:: ~--" i V-^' \j^i\ .^j^ o'
T «
ji j^n
+ i
♦ <ic ^ij ^>L-V! ^lUJi' 'j : ifLJ-J jfcli
r 1
iLxci'J^ u«jiui» ^^11 iu*\^l jjuju* <Jl>-jj JjVl *JL»
£
. "• >
4 r
' 1
u*lji j^jwJV .y^u-v 1 cr^ ] j»ju\ j^-jv^^u ^'Ua ^^i \jL^
oir
^vr,^^ y^oiu juijdi _u
Otiy-all <-*>i>-' Jl <i_Jl ,y*xu
eu
r
&
tl
*H f H
'■$
•«
4
+
( 14**^
-MJ^JkJ
Li
#1
t »»
ri *.
H
J*U1 j* oljjalU. ^j** J (i^aJl JxxU^l oLJJl 4ai J* coif JU ^T'^kj
- r '
* i^j^aM o^^ajli ^TjicU oLLJ**Jt
^ r
• * •
V
■•>!
" j
* J*
ii
YY
<*>
■ "J^ ^JL- jLi-ll oU*J mJI qv jb jilt £1^1 j«-Uj J jiui oi JJ
«£*>n ^ oUX «U ^ ^k U^ J0u- t ^j^t o^U ^jWl pU^-J'j
I ■ L
1
-.1
^~ t» <UT ^JLlJjjjjpJI J*IjJ1j <J>U1 oli*»n <~J> ^j
^LT/ollj 3-JUiJI c>cdjaJl j* jf wi5 r ^ 4j»>U U U*j • l«Jl jU .^ 5 jjU^ -U>*
j
1 U*>u aJ* JlAri J[ &-» jSi pii i o^^\ ti-^UV ^Wj>^" s j> ,>
^ f U • • J J~2oo <> dUUll ^j pi ^Jl liUl^j^j Ji
tv
U>-1 Aa3
1 jity ^y J 3 Vl JO jib ^*U^J1 olULJb ( \ t . Y) SyL'l 45^ J ^yizl\
* q^j^l <> i*V J*- (J <2U j>~J' a-J^ o'^J < ^> f^ J 11 * 1 - u- a Q J 4^-J
j1JLu»- Jx^jVl J^viJl J »ju£!l JjaJl oLLM. ,50! Sjj>« ^w »_,>-» c*JlT *u!
so>-ij ^ oi <^= o^ >a^ £j^ j Jj^^ ;LUS3, v^
L^aT 4. Jc
tt
ft
iA*J
u^-ij 1*j
1* •■
4j«U1 c*ilf oLL^ e*^j t>
: <uU oJlT oL-L^- u^^' <> ia^-b ^ i^l <Jc
Uo
\
f
YV
r
ibUl ^jiJ JUjI oj-5 Oi-V^— *y> j^ ^jJUiJlj dUUU o-ri -»*^
AJc Jl£* . « tfjLudl J^U^I oLiJI yoU- Jj^l o^-u'U ulU.,11 iLl li\ U
L
n.
wiiU7 r U5 t > c ^ajVj < <r^-^ V.A^ ^y-JioiiiUicJirua : vji
♦ ^c^^Jl *-L> ^lt
;> ^ri i^ bjjji
* Sj^bcU <*JUJ1 <JUiJ1 <.;laL.I| XJp i<€ *^-iH JsiuaJl
♦ t -A
j^Jl > U«j*'
c^
4 t^i>-a» <> r^-V l^ *->* ^ r^' 1 o^'W^i o^i juJ : .UJU
^locV uj^Ullj v UiVl> •■alJb.l o^» tS-^ ^^ ^ w » *yM lJ 1 ^^ 1 o^JL-JV
j ^^i oijUVb u-wiljV^ 4j,l^)j j«Vl olj>; <J^jl ^ <Ji « oM^l »'
I*
O^t ^ jydl (> j/^*Jl U^^ 1 ^ L ^^ J ^ 1 D,itB Jl ^ jl ^ flj
JjVl r ^L- oU^JLJl uu ol5M*il jj*jj J\ jd JjU] >jbl\ c^i <m1\j
u
^ljl>
r J^U^\ 1 ^X31 Jt oU^ 1 ^- ^rJ '-r*^ J^Vi jr> o' ^. ^^^ olkLJlj,
* i5_ja
1
^ -. " 7 - j— ". . H -^- ^ — ' *-
V*
■ - ■ ■■
jlj^ a U ^1 ;J*-<il£. £^jj <1>*JI
i
■> o' J* r j* ^ ^^ oU»^jj s^L^ 4^ <j*j ^v 1 ^ <^ ^j>
rV
Actf
-o**J JjVt (*JL« oU*l--"ud
l^ftJ
( y,.».l«.wU *bo ^ji>- jl*^*
^>L^n oUl J ^JUJ Jl ^Jb V.J- 11 s Ji>" V- J ^ <-i*Ul
jbO>
**
>TJ i>
*«
J v^ J^i ^ " ^ ^ ^^ " iUJI ° LkLJI ^^ ^^ ° l
^ ^ 0j ijl^ r *~^1 ^Ulb • ^ J J. V-^'J ^•^ C ^ C ^ ^1-sSlj V"^
j^b _?
VI _^J\ J
C J,
■>\ s \\ J^*J J I c^'- o-4.» a'.^ C^ U jLi ' ^ •
^>» J! 0J -1 JTj ^ jau J>j ,> jUI c-«3li» J\i-1 ^ <^^. U '
(') «
\,^to Jr ( j>*3Jl ^'^. < tr-y u^ ^ N)
Vo
oloUxil *U, # 1J44-J ^J 4JU1 o^ Jb < r Uill <i^lj <J>1I 0UU0.VU
*sll Jiar fcjUl ^ 1^- ^ ^Ud 1' <a,ii LU l^j| 'J, 1 r UsJ»>
F
O^iJ^i jl ^-UUaj^ oj^_ Ijp'U" jU>.V|j 4JUI oi j>* £o>. i$JJ1 ^x)j c £_lk*Vl
J^^^U oUlLJVl •> ,> \j& oUL^JIj .JjsJl V L*^1 ^^1 a5J ^». l<^
oUl
*" J>J J IjkiJ-lj <Jc ^J^l \jk*U, c^ • ^j a^o V tS-UV
JjII ol_>i--u. Jc <ksU41 jc \jy^-Lc ojLc-
<UU iUL;V <-3>Ul o^L^Jl J,^ ^^a. (oljUll ^k ^1)^ o4» J*l jU aii
oU>^ll ,> o^l o4l ^.UJ i^iiUl ol^JI jU«V jl WJc oL; j*» JJ-J ,> £ U*H
. *\. ^ « ->■ « j^jll jJU; 4 j-lij ^.1 (\)
VI
oij^-J' t# Oj ill <> _aJ" J^o Jc \jL^J >V cJ j ,> <JUH o^ juiu
J I J''
♦ ft
jjki. o>>_, ouyv j~u ji^svi ^^ <#" ison ^Vi jjijujIj ^uai
■u"
LJ1 Jl
1
■ 1
<S*
« y.lTVIi )) £^1 iuUj, y-UI <«U 0- ^\41 o^—ll
\
JL^LnH -C-oL»- j oL~**a»J\ *U^j »j_j>
r
I
Vi
jp-Ij S^ UL^I ^1 jjlXJill oj*ijij dJUl f lkJl Jl >V> y*JLi £ jJLM;
M;
<LJa)l ,> 4jjU. \4\fj i <jasll ^U-j! Jc jiJLj jUJlj SUaiJlj $UVl jl-
■ ■ *
J ^^Vl ^ C-Jtf ^1 LJUoaII aiaJLJl i^Uj ^r.la.1 Jl uvJU ^ fcjUxll eS^SJ)
«J1 ^Ijz-.wp JbUx>-Vi J^-^ J a^ ^ *jJJu L> dUUll JJu -u]
<."!
U cJb 4JT U* ^j ^l jl <*iju f ^\y- j (j^iiJl o^ ( ^> ^U^-Vlj
-uT^iJl ^ji^J\ jl t/^Ull ^r^l oUW
tfr
fcljrfJl dUrAij^j^^Uolkl .M
UCi
YY
■j lb pt&j i >*Ji jiL-asSVl j^jxII U* r^JU, ol 4JUI Je
£
■<**
^
tl
1 _il
•0-* ^3 J5U. dUUlj j jvJ
i> J*li SjjS' 4JU^_j *^U tolji. jt ^Ul ^ I a^_ jj>J| tf" -ui
U
*J • -u* ^U $ir Jill jaU-cSVl jL^VI *Ii» ^ JUs, U £JU1 ^Ik,
• M>
«4
1
-tfJ
Li
UuJlic l_^lCi 4JU\ U c i^JLVj^JI JjU <ot^3Vl ^JL-aJI V j>dM jl c ol^Ulj
J-^J-j pi
+21) j
j*a» J ^^*)1 v 01 ^*" l r u 'W - u-° **->'jJ' ^st^idl jjx-^^ Jl Jlj f_LaJjV <U'b
j 1 ,J Ov-Ml (> Jj^ll ->Jjb * fUcJl ^ji 'j=rj>-j Oj^^-^^ ls*°'' -^ J ^
viUUl
4 \
*«
»>*^
1 ^j i i^^-^XJ) yJU ^ oLx^l JJbr jlj^c^l J1 ^UU- i)U^
J
Lu H.V
■I
VA
<***&
**
■
■ ■ ' ,-
.1—41 <> <r>^ ^j as j J^jJl jjk-Vb 4JUI P^ji Uu< JJ^ij.
I * r * ■ h -
■J 1
1
,> ijj ^ v _^ ^^iJ a«a«u JjVl ^JL- oUJ-JI ^^ ^ v^-V 1 V.^*
f4
M H
j f u» i <> jfc,' jr jui ^u»ji ir jjLi
I
P
6
i
• olifj <uu^jj ,> <jlkJUl dUUI
V
• icLkJIj ,V_j!U «U ^ojj <*,\x]l <r.ji j_^L- J53 olT
« «l -Vl iAJUH
t*
T
jU'^SJl ^ S>J jUcI *l^ ^ ^«-Ju>. V^ 4 i Us 5 Bj " J DJ**^*: ^UUll o^j
obUill jj ^^C-uJ'l ^i^ ,> U*i jj U^>u)'
UJV
tfuv* ^ ^^ ^J 5 " J***-
I
. olj -4 V o^" u^J ' ■ 5aj ^ 1 liUUl ,> »A»lj^. jloxV *».U j Jj^iJ\ oi-liLJ\
.SA>cll ttlJUJJ SjJL^all ^j >_ jU_ji)1 o'
J 4JU1 JU-j jLT ^ a >ij £ ^j^AJl
aJUl , k UXUb o^J <^-JjJ\ ojUT 01 VI L— * Ji> c^ j ai. VI ojUT _,«J»j V
v^
V. r*^. 61 ^ jS ^ ^ J ^ <^ U <jh ^ w ^j,, ^
^Uj _il1 _^olkLJi l^tdlfii^ uUUl
«J5
■ Jl
-U* h^, o-U> *1 _^J| <J^
^J^nJJtr^J^
<> -M V oVj « <rlj^u ^ C^
<■ C
W* s-mj cJlT 4JUt ,> S^uT
U-aJijJ} jj^ j*xl
U 1 ^ o
j V luJ1 0^1311 <r ,». j j\
LU
J* i
L*^ eU
f .:
((
4*11 j dlL^Jl
J^^-Jlj ^j^L^n ^yj oUiUJl iLi^u- j iLi.^|| ^u ol^l^ll c jj c-i-v Aa]
UU!1
ui ji i» ■> jt jjU! uu ^ j jj 4 ^vi>> ^ri dijui
• ^j U^J JL^SVI ^ j * J»MJ1 ,>L jU^yi J Sj^Jl 4^-
ri
:'3
a
■****«■■*
rw^*^taTO^t^-^yBr*^!Tj* w* - '* **ys:»- V: *?*****
1
V
A
ilki
\J) SijjH *ij»«-Jt 0*^b *i^l Vi-U1j SLill
Jl
lj
**
I*
>J»
it Ajj-lWyiMjH ^y *i — u* 'jt -yijVi. j^-j *jl» -yjar UiJu, q^.jl ,> .^5% L«i*
4>A_* <*Jil <*j*j> j1 iJljjl yoc £* vdUi Ufcj J <j*1
V*i^ •*»■ J>^2 ^*U
1*^1 Jl U-U**-l \Jj\*j U^>1 o>»>> l^lT csUUVol 31 « *jUV <JL*Vl
4$jz«u Jl^/jUl ,yu>Jl ^^u*. (Jj j -tub Vu^V^y^ 1 ^ <i ***
r
-4
iUj SUall > <5.y <*»U*a^1 <> o.-V *"1 4JU1 jIj^I ,>*i ilwl Laic J,
Lull oJl^ ^jL^-l o^J * ^JUJH >c 0-* -r^ VdJ^" cJ* ^M J^LU*
lSVj->. ol
XflJ *U-J^ w*j i \jm>2 (( ^c3 )) ^ -Ujill oij«» ^*y f*^
ilo^;o1jL3Lui^.S^*iill j <*i^u>Jlj
I -
•il
U> dUUll jijtu" tjc jjLSj j* Vj ' W-A> L^i*- scr^. 0^ c^— ' i V >»i ' Sal**.
AiaJUc ^j^ Wt i-- <> j! J«* C^ 1 ^ 1 ^^ t> ^ ■»*•*»■ C> <> ^^r
0L5Ci ^jj^Jl olt.,L..H Ul . ^-ju^j »L^1 J>-1 y ^»1-a t)j>-V. tS>-Jl J^ 1 —^'
,iJVi» o^iJl J (Hji
1 Cj\j\^oXj\ Jc *^-»
A A
■i
L
>
U-v .***, D W W^* J& o^>!Ij tA- - Li«» ^ yjj»- <»* 1>"^ iSJ>l»
Vj f *
^ SU^ 4JUI JU» <J» dUUl j qUUI <J& IjJ* ojJli?jJli
-Cjli. J ^jj^j pUiJI J ut^^ jj>-^I V-ua; J eUUI jj* J^ uU-ii uwUmJT
I
1 4i» juj^jij j*jm jo>~.vi uo. no.^ juj <j>* gjuij ( m\ >.
C?
1
*+
<o
r.J
.*Jl
1
j£*3 <L* ^ JjVl pJL. OlkUJl *U ^ • dJUU 0^^^ cW ,JL ^
O^WJLJI JjVl f*L- u-tU. il * ^tJl 1 >r « a xil -l^c ^^ „ Jy J ^ c 4JU1 a^
cJ j U»- Oi^ic J\ vilL Ulj dU Aj.Vj dJ ju-tf Vj jjs*i? j £U i)^ el'l >*
>
i V '^Sj
^ ol^jJU <-^-*3^ ju* JjVl -|»JL- 61 ^j < ^L- JU* o» £~»- c 6jj^ ] <i;Li *
* t j\<,.L.uU ^bo^ e/^ 1 *- jL«-^ co%j" ^j>*
^1 ^ ? -UwU jUUt u
j^- <JiLJl *uU; >u^ t olf j ill ^^LJt
<-lil Jl l>^j JLL4JI j JvU^ll fit- ^ -xp+xu*) ^>iJl ^ 1>uJ1 9 j> m * ^s h^\
* J^^^ UT^-^ 1 O'j^J' ^^ V B: *- rf l ^^ff
L ( V^V 1 vj*^ 1 "--^)
y^^so^^^a^miv^p-y^^yj^r
H
■-if-
AY
}-JA* (#l^i)iu* y--*Jl u*b ■« -4^ cijU vU-'V - ^JUIjl - >^l"
v- .-
JUaJI JU 4JL*; ,^£or ^ ^:>UJt j^w jl-Vl ^^ ^ ^i
^
: Jb UJ ^4 yJUiJI jcxiU 4, y'jM v L^Vl jo>o o' ^Kv-ij
: J^uJi q^j , -.11
N
£*j ^JUl £.b-»n wi 'j ^UJI-UU bja o~*l Jjoll oj\ytl\ iiju t\&* V
fa *
Uitf.... w .« 015* J^U^i oUl ol Jk-* cUo- -r^ u-oU-H oj^ t> tj>WI -uJl J^U-
J-. J
.. V
- ;
iiL. AjTjUb Vji~«M tj^ljon > j^fl iljja- JLjUjuM aIjjM Jl £~>-.j « .JUUsH
J
^ 3-T-jUb ^.y-^JI t^b^ <> J 5 ' 5 J 5 ^ ^' J ] 0»*. O' tyUJJI uU^LJl
^" ^J^ J 11 *^ ^j- 7 ^^ ^^ ^
_^"
• M
1 I
wju^«J
o* J JUilb s^S-J^ ^ n i:; -r- 1 ^' U ^ JI ^ <> Vii\-4J^
VI 4
O^ ol u^ 1 ' ^
* +
U
wJl5 *ii L *jl9 .J\«1r1< oUal**JJ
\juup
rA* ^Ikl^ ^k>, l)' JV^
LAI
i
iJU* c^-1 j^\ ^ a^J-J s** *> f^ 1 ^ V^J^ ^^ n t^
W. ^^ Vr^ J (^>^V\ J^i oli V^ 1 ^J^^) ^^" V*-l
fr*
< ■
AT.-
?j>»ii) SoaUH v^-V 1 *M' ol
( <JUr^JI 5ij>^VV) SJb^l j^f
( <JW^J1 <iJ>^Vl ) ^L-JUJl W-ll <J>d1 i^l^. j c
1(XjUiJl
: ^^J ^r«*»j*n t^> ^t> <^J _
T
I
j** V^-V (
tf
Y 1 -
^i* ci-JViJI oj*l
b •
<J
*4JI u* <JLa>J
f&Jl 4JUI J
■l
*t
T * *
Il'-V
Jill «Ul-.ili'l j J-*J| 4JU^J ^j < ^^Jl ^^i u
4* »■
*J (J
A *
L*
4 j>m ^oii ^Ll>ji ^ v^-v 1
^UjjJI ii
**
41
** h it
->»*> of ^ ^^Xj U t^JUU oUw I^UL, ulj ^.jSli.^j swill
F l"
1*^1 oLv-JI ^1 Jlxlbj O-JLtf^" J* V^ll l>
i
■I
* j-
k>
t£-j»Jl *jL* J*^ jail J*J\ <> ^^o J 3 Vl -L- ^'U^JI oliaJLJl li
^Ja}^ _^c ^^
t 4*Ji*Jl <^ll oJLfl r UIU _ ^^^i eUi u-U*) -
J q.a.» _p
H\
*JU _J
Ji^Mll a a*> L»jJ
* **
i^j
iJ1 ^ uc 1 ^- U1 j* - Jj^ 1 r^ ^'b - J 1 ^^ ■*>. >_i> o^W-Ji o-^ 11 ( ' )
1*** tftj:
■<*
AS
* u^*tt
u v-Jj V <^:^-4t ^>.jj^ **■* ( ^W*^ ) J^ ft^J^ ^"-^ od^l Jk-J^
■*-*a)
jijJI x* ,>. A«i J-ii ^ W J^ ■«- C 5 -* Jl ^ ^J* (6^^ u*M
j?.^ 1 -^ i> «s*a o^ > j ^ ^ > ( ^.^ «^j — *Ji- r jW - ) v^
a;1£* -ukio jW*Jl ^ u1 - ^U1 4jjj-_*J1 <JjjJ\ u-^-> - *y^ 0>
1
« ^iL-V^ u^ ^ ul ^ «*kU31 - iJ ^ &. s >~
- B"
^V>-^ Ji-j J^aJJ SU O-j.tfjLi j1> <> >Uj o^ JjYl ^L- oU*UH O^ ( v )■
1 Jc J~»- ob OAj^ a^*^ ^*~" i> ^^^^ J 4xJ_^ , .,,•
I
H h .r
I
i
LuXl
J
fcl
JjVl rt
JU
i UJ1
^^11 iVj Jaii U^J <JJ J,)^ ^-^ J^» ^ W ^^ UU ^ ^ 0y5 ".
^ii 6- f*V oS3 j i*Ji. 4*. J^ ^ oU^UJ) o^y. .-«^\ -uii- ^J J
■ » '
Ao
c^ij^i\ 6yj*)\ 4-Ji
mt
o
-r-l JjVl ~J
* mII iUt »&
A-***
^ jj uu jir -^ >*.,<.( 4iiUJ
•Vt j0&
^(U
*-*
J>a
j—j (<-; U^uM <>:>uj
Ja»J1
^^U- C>U»i-Il ^ O-ju.
r ■ r ,
4W-UM ,UW1 >T t J>M J) ui^JI ^ij
<^1>>LJ1 f J^i, v, ju*, c i'li^vl
J>U-<iiUJ
iUJlj < *U'J u^ JjVl pJU- jlii j ^ i 4JU1 S>^ c
L' J
J jjj -a — «i < U
!< \
c
V- ^JI
J (_5^
^
yi ^^>ai : oj^ -OjjUj v^- o>^^ ^i (\)
oV
a*
c^i^l
Jl jb
*^1« i * t * fc^J-T " **
I
An
L a
it •( <LJi- ) j ( <»>^ ) elk-** O?
*■
<> o^.Jy* «$b? -^ * u^J
M
a*
1
*4
3L»«-4I ^Uj V^-V 1 ^^ V^l JU1 v •=
-uj
viUiT
J
-T *^ ji JI -U- >>. *:
r
L
1 a
3_r4b o-jLi oU JV^ 1 V-^ 1 ^^^ V*-^ ^
M
dU;
# +
\
J
, <.U>^i ) *j\sf J* { ,/**>• ) ^*J J
^1 ) LJj* U--SJ o/j-4. <?.UJt I^ ljiW ilV^ 1 01 ^ cy-J ' (
J1L1
.-1
jui USi S^iH .1* oii ^„j * SjaL-flsS
jvt
j ?
j t
: I
, r
, ■.
I
^
1
AV
di)-
fr.
u-Jj oUi* JT -u,' 4jj4Jl SjUdl j^j .ukulT U J1 v >Jlj
h ■ ■
<oU^i *utj^U^ *** r j jjM\ ^ oJj> t ^ ^ jL ^. vl ^ JjjAM
• i/^Wb iyU^J1 ^JjkJ1 JJJ u^>MJl - *
Jli j! 4LJ1 IJ * j | o^ .^^j, j ^^1 oUi£ JT ^, ^ ja£ oir
°^J Ori u- <l ^'V1 W^ J^ v— *i ol u>i-U4l j,i>j| v y^t v, vs
U- O^J
*-jo ^- 0- ^^Jb oU^-jL-i oU/y VAlb iJUiJl Or-^-il ol & *<*
<JU)I O^iUaJI J&\ (\)
^' ■"'
* F* IT *ftj| 1:T^' —
-*
■^
AA
<> CaJX '
>J*
<U n.v-'.u, J oVi>1^ <UjTU ^jjJlM Jl Wl ^ f^** ^^^ s * ^
JtU» dfcsJI
LJUJ
<jvi»OUV,>i5.>>H
<jwan ^jicoir u~>. v*^ s ^>u ^oua-ui <*~-b u-»-oir V>W*
^y-j o-U>- <*>**» JjVl p^
J mJ\ \ $J*
uan at u
i ■
\z~* oJU jul.1 <> s jui i Mj yj
viUUl oVU-j <> **L-
4>-j
r
aT_^\ J ^
uu
4*
ia-i ^Jl j J-N1 er-b o^» ^^' 4J^ J^'* oUL ^ ^
: &> e
r
iijx^a^
oU'.
J
ju
u^bj
<*Xs-
■•
A<\
i
&
if.
."A
In
I
i
• JUUJI IU-Jt x^, ^U; ai^_ <,.u«Jt ,UH j JU^JI JI>oVt _
aWJl i^a =WL~ <J«rVt oir x^ « >^t — *_^UJ1 jj5 ^ t ^ v 4-1 JT Jl
£lit Aiii • j^t I^jAju-I xiJj £ ^UaH ^U! jyl <>. <..,,,Un b^jjt ju*
b^A* ^aJI <~>Jl 0- ^>cj jJl* ^Jl xJ» <>_A*U4l it jl^ ^ VJ ^J « ^>j
* 4j jU*J1 v^V 1 3L -^«l' L^bVl j^A"u
CfrjLJ i**^ lH L# /i U-UJ jl* ^ ^>-U! J v> L.Vl UU 0* jju ^j
|^1 _yB Lull
r I l 1
■ - r
tiLJUl ato-l ,> 1_,>lo J_, 5*j_,i]t x^ Of.- 1 *^" ^-^ c«i. Oj^i JLl. .^JLiJt
j W^Ai J*a*s J I s yliH <o jjUj <JL^ ^jjjJl LkLJl Ac! Jl>- ^1 Jtj
H -
AA
*y>
■ A>J
oJl
^1^1 -u^Jl <iJ^j ^joJl j^-1 j^J) <iJ^.j <£o ^_ij ^ olT w -,|
^Iki'i villi' ^ ci\)i >cj Oj^J - i5J>j^\ <=rjjJ oli^ dlLtf <jITj J j^wJ cJlTj
A
«> J U ^ j^*—" £>' AiU • U^i Jjl, \f jj\ j4l JU pljl ^.U ^ 4JUI
o^j «t^vt jr ^jut ji »l-i ^ut ^yw^ijcvu i^^-j ^t^, t^^ ^-^
■m
1
1
'*^**^~?*'^^
■fip ■■' fi
<\.
V^^ ^.^^^JJl^^ljjUU _^j ^ J jL>i] u *^ i] ^ (JU '
h ■
4ii
* **
t*
^J^
1 4J J
4- f
y j*
iJKi'^LiJljiVt -i>J1 Ul . Oo\*\)
V;U&M <> U^ D IT ^Uun jiUJVol
>Xc ^Ujlj, ^ ^1J1 Jy^JI
, ■.
■ ■ J
a^r J^^ t> *!>* t> £r~*^ O d ^ ) v^ <> ^^ c> Ja^* ^ JjVl ^JL-
1 L
■+
o^t j»b ^^ J <r_,41 c-Sj Uauj ^jjAJ* <> ^iLJUl u^„j^ J <T^-H ^j
ILL- Jc eUU! oUlC4
1
>
^
M
L
^
cJ>J 6 ^LJUll udsUl) (> ^.>^^ *JjvJUJUi\ <^,ia^ J>Uij ^L^j u^a^j (/"^UIP
1
JUi ^ <J ji«. ^ ji * «.^= i>j>J* J»JL»j J"jU1 ^^Jl »l>1 ^j**- j i^jiir
j»1 ^Ur/ o*> J^ ^.^ J V.J4 11 J ur-^J V^ J>— H J*UH J^j
IXi
■h H
'1? - ,
■J
! :i
4 ,
1
I
i
j
I
ii 1
J
\\
mi
-- l
il
'/! J
t , -i K
s
M
Sl^t l«, o^ j! ^1 J^JI U*j iL^I jTUJI SUM, ^ !jj^ D ] U ^y,
• ^ 1 j ^^JL, iJt-.j^l^^^i^^^^j
U^**t*uJ
,"JI
**H oUU ^ <s>ll ^ ^ ^ j ^ olkLj) ^
*,>-
V >^1 oUlaXx <^.|jl 4_iir Ji VI j£
lU^Jlj yjUUll jtkLjl ^ ^J^) ^ . ^J
Li
.f ^j j — : — _ij 1
LfcJI ^ euu» ^Ui- ^ 5UUI ^ ^u .1 ^, ; ^^j, . tf ^
■2UI
^UJ\ .l*i ^ ^, ^r 4,-iulj, ^ vjJ , ^ JUJl!j g, Sjuyi'j^
dUUH ,U>- objTi 4^ ^4-i-j 4JUI1 dUUJl'^^i A! obi ^J j j, ^
J-u os»^
uO
^Ul ^1 ^> ^ 1^ 4JUI ut ^Ul _^_, < <T^, cJ^;, oi ^j
* P
'*
"^^^T^^mm^^^-^^i^y^^
\ ffii V^--'
i
t JJ.
L .
W
■ I
.■i
i
£jXH ^ >-J>j eUUl r *u ^ O^J * <>JL^ ^ ^b Jail ^Ji^ll 'Jf^[\
J 1
J
1
*V **
* df*-* Ji" <>l£° Oj«Ajj1j,
^*«4 VI j ' o>*Jl -"J*. o1 abb <■ -^ W. ^J < i>* J-> lyf ^^1 ^jjki\
0*b<
1
^JU- oU*A**J1 ^ a ^. o 1 J»^ jj V^ 1 ^ 1 ; 'uiJ~J] ^^-^
ajUjiJI iTj^ c^lj £ ^ aj^ll ^j^all y^^Xll ^jSj dUIUU {j* ijL-u a*- ILjUL*
^>^» j^s J*>. U_^U IjL-aXil ^j'UiJI QlLLJl ^UaZib Sv^blJUl J ^jl^JI i)_>U*>
1 f
h
il
(O^
>iT
**
44
^u:^
^JU! Jb iJl 6>j. O^rJ i s~* (**■ JjV1 ^ <J1 J-i--1 cS-i" ^.j.'> J^ 1 0-
<\r
usuat^^x^ijc ajl. j
J
*+
oJtT ^ j*
1 ^Jif lyjj UJJj Jxii 4JUI <4L a^JLi-H c^. ^j
J1 AiUiVU ■*£ 10* t <,^b V.^l «U» J jl < ^ 0>U J »l>- ^yr
O^j
VI j*Jl J^l-u Jlj <Jb ^1 JL^i Jl ^i^Jl Lj^ ^JB ^
1" . r* >-
i.ir
or^ iSji-J'-uf-J^H >*JVo' fJ ♦ o^l y=> ^1 gJWlj j^| Jlj <Jb^if
<jj3
i ul £>X~.I ^y^aJl J^U— \ oUJI ut
4 JjJ
4 * +
11
i'-ft 0^" ^jJl 0^4 *
■ -
J* J**, ^^JL- o^^UM J~r *i~^ ^Vl < yj*J\ eU) * J^
J
* M
>li
4
: ^ *!oJ1 So,^ ^i\J>] ^
0^5^ i»J>Jlj yjH^H <i o*^'j O^J v-^ 11 J ur^^J 0^1 J u^jlJ
* ^y*J\j y^iilj JU^JI ^ ^^-'V 1 jJW*
o' r^' u
y ^js o^CJtl i^^iJl *ijb j uwUjuJI yxb ^jjb -o jj- jlT L^«j
•$.
• * •
^*'a*J? * #£f t-^--«
u Vf
M
■<n
«jl yjj ^WUH iWQ»Vl
i V
^c JuJu <t*~A\ *J
cJlfj ^ UU AiUJT jjr^S Jl> jU*J1 6b"
oJ
£Jl>
If
1
J ( olf/. ) MX «*i'
=
«» ^Ui jb ail j c ( 4J1^£» ) Jb J-^I^u *lr t^
l*,^, <iJU>Jl u^bVl ojac'jsj OjJUr^Jl V 0* i*U* cJyi J ( y'jWl >.
,w« S_p JJ olTy. ~-k Lr il\ jjyM oUxUJI c*J'Ji^» ' f«l>*-U
i ■.
6 _' •
^ »jUi
o^^J\ yl cJlf ^1 olU-Jlj JjVt ^ 6U*LJ\ ctf t 1 -^ W ^
1
IT
J
F
Ja.,^^
4*
. T*
\S^~ i ~J\jS
Cpi\^b
.%j M ,\ cjLJifil JLo. <^-UJ^ <i!iUJl >-»
L^
• \U^' ^iUiJ^cxill < J^^% ^ 0)
\o
It
o
^>j^
fc'l
<j?*rj, < ^UariVJ *j **u;
b
J4
„*
JMj*J.\ iUUVU5U ^1^x41 tU J4J--JJ
"l P
<& Jl uAj i jVjJij ^^ ^
■ P
i^*--^
•"" p. r I .- r
h 4.
L
r 4 ■ ■ '
>
«
^
V*~Y' WM ^->bVJ W J^V 1 M°U ^tj
rito J I >UJI LJj*.jJfcj ^U * <W^ >*. ^k JjVl ^ s >*-.o' UT
r*
"J!
ois ^WI^^^V^
Vi >ji *j.\
jk ^tLxiVAXjUi i5>at
J» glkdl-J-J f^j-quiUiJI viU 6* **>» j~Vl j*Jl *«>l^ > ,>L^V.1
<# SjUlJt ^*J i^Ljj jl <*-j£U ^b^l 3-V jUa^-l <*.1 > <^ <^^\ ojw
J
v»
jl»Jlj 4^^! OU/> ic JjJJU ^oJl lJUj Lljjjlj <^^
-^^w
■*jij ^uJVi o^J
^jLLL^U o^L^^Jl ^U^-^^ilHoj^l J\>oL^| eUj <>c***J .\
-H
Li ^ iiLji s^j.ji 0jJ ai ji> jjkii u*%^y\ r ^-ji ijl^ gjur ^jui
f
t^
i>Jl o^UI J a5U ^L.^i ^J!-l*1 ^> o\f <S] <J dU V L^j • ^JUj^I
j>J1 ^-U J^ *U>Vlj ^*j-V1 ^Jl J J^i^^, \-r: -:A^I 1 lijiU ^^-J^ f^ c oU*LJB
i 1 ■<* •
44
^f* ;*f^>- v*' 1 '*^
'.-.ft^ ■■
u
Jft JjVI
"
Uflaj* *-*_.<£*
-It
otf^t j.1 _ib*t c-i* 43
!j <r>w *Ayn c> tf-^ 1 ^i-^j * ft 1 *- o^l-jv feu. j oir^Ji _*i j>.>
c-lf 4*i • .<Jl*i»M <J>Jb £>_r~l! >VjVI ^ *bj <> '-^ J***" 1 ' V—*" "^J
;> l««*j 1^1 o!>_i JL-jb villi Jk ojJUS-H :>jj < bi*lc oU<i o^lUJ^JV
r
J
II
JL*iU JLill
• • •
h 9
^Y
(I)
JUU\
1.
^LJI o^l ^ Jj i v >*n <*r <> ^iL-^J uiJ-" (J^ 1 C 1 ^ <>*"
,1
~Jb Ijuf \jjJti j^j JUu^JI ^-JUJl >JJ S.rAL- ^1 u^^" ^
jjUl ju^jT g k...r V cJlT io/jM ^b. 1 ^ • V- 1 ^ oljai) . 5j i a ^ 1 V U1 ^Jj^
Jb Ijljs *-l ^OH ^\_yJ^\ « j*U. JT )) <*U>» VM V.J 6 ^ J-^ ve* 1 .
Ul
< <£JL^dl -i1>Vt ^ ^>U-V1 ^^b-jll >~-^ J 1 -".*" >*•" -^ ^V^
£, ^U » J_-rtj < at«M j a £>yVl » JVxiJ aJU^ a« 0'^ 0* 4*^ <> ^
JL11 <JLJ| J* Utbi*. i&lbUjJl £• OJ^ ^-wu-Vt
£^]j i (\o\\/) *u^ j* ijijs^u ^u-i o~NJ -"jN V-^ Jl 4^1
^ < ^ l^j Sjc^l «>J1 oU> j *i*J\ **Ui\j ^UUiil
JVU1 0?l
ill
I
4* »t 4 ^
a*>«^ j-uC^VI
. ^J\ Jc 4l"lidl ^LuJl Jl Jj.juJI ^^Jl U» XiLii <> u»"W 0*^^. ^U <>^
jj i ^J.y\ <Jb41 Jjill <> >L^i « -Ujw j-u£~-1 » <*jLw o^'UUl fOla— =.) JiJ
. ^L ^Jl a^^j ^yJl oilTj « « V*" fl ^^ J ^ U ^ t" 4 "
U*JI
j^l oJUi i SjJu41 jj*V1 0- villi ol 1/j-*i r 1 ^ ' -i- Jb . ^ i >i- J) (W J' 1
( 4_»iUVl LJ «-4ll - V )
*»^^V" '"> ***»■■■ -■*""■
<u
■ ■■';• <^J» <i*jii =u*yi ^^ r 11 *-^
d
^
dUi
J I * ■
M
<*^1 ^k Ai* r <^jU Uj^ ^ySLiLjuM ■5okJLJr<J- cJtf
1-1
'ju*n
tl
±~>jd\ ^1 ^j-j LJb. ,il JUa
Li)
vi
gl — «J1 Ji) jj)_,l o^ Dj4ii , c»jJL-i-11 Jit j «*.? <,ju -J1 <^uvi <iT
^1 u*- i « ^UM & A*^,
UV1
4 4
u
■**"-> f Ul L^°
iljVi
0>^Ui*I1
t*
•*« ^j * i*-\.to/r nto j (>ji o- u^uu
^ C^UIl 6j«JI oU^.jl J (( ^Ljy » ,> 4^1 ol^iM ulwl ^12*1
•J
If
rl
cJlf Jus^l 1 ^y\ ? ^i ^ ^_,> o^UJl jj liUJU
Lx»
l^ J JjrUy cJlT j^sJl <JLiJ» ^
44
!jo5 r U
,>J1 £LJ. ^x L^b <> u^ ■>] _i«*# ol-u 45 io'U
i
'i
F^~ *M *}•**> 0* ^?jw>: V'L^i olkLJl oyjj . ( \*\{ . ) jufll -aJI UL.
UJiU J^j i VliLJb ^^Jl ol^JI j Ajjlko. VJJ >. oUAi ^1^^ l^-jbi
j
r _
j
**
^■g
m
!A*V) oli ^jjkJYlj ii-uJ^l ^.jl^dlj 3 jjJI <,^J>, jjijj 4 jjJkiVl
,' J
J~£d <>~j>\ J oUik^ l^al (>5o- ^ ^J\ J* <JUU1 o>U>J) o^ ^ Vj
j
• -A- •
t±
L.
^
r.l
I
. i
5i
■1?
p .
■ -j
'I
!
n
4 *
(«)
■i
£\j - ■ M JU**11 c*J1
J&h^W jy^s. JiU. j^ jvJtf +.L-S.1 OS >£c ^-jLull oJ&\ j'oljJl 0^
)
» Jj*N u*_*=r >^> J o1 juJ < ( f M«A ) JjiU J*^M ol. *. oy jdl
M
- 1
■w
;j,^j o>^ oU-^ J r^ 6UaJLJ1 jL ^ ,J ^ J -^ VJ "" ^^ ' ~*~*
VkLJJ «V^b J~V1^1 _,Ui*J\ ji ^ c> Jy-1
*^ii lS ?5 ja^»
er*
un 6! «> < Nor- ^ a**--" r^ 1 ^ ^ °" u1 ^ ^ < ^ UiJl
iLwJU-^
\-\
dUiJji will <^JL; al.u> ^ J* )jU '^jLu=l\ wui D 1 o^kUl jlj
Jl
VI ^ oy>J1 Jl Jidlj <^*Ju oU^U ^ Jl^J.1 j u, wJljSeVl
< *j^J1j IljUJU U^jU^Ij < wJlj Si^j) J*1 ^ jsa j a L«H ^t j^-^
<oUjil -.i* cjjjj ^. J»5 l^j*« yj ^ij1> ^ 1/yj ^jl. ^jsj) \fj->
r
Jul* JL^J1 J 40,01 oL-MaJb oUaLJl >_i^l <^L^JI <c>.Ul ^j
■ **
U^lj ,vb*. cJlT VV !>• < ^ ^LJI o^l «> JliM „c„^;.ll j VI gJasy ^
ol_^l j aj -i^l o>j Jl JU^l J oU^aJI ^ lkLJI ^-ij*\ IS j
^oL^JI ,3uJUl j ol^4! ^1 oilfj £ ^jILjs* Jc LoUi. ^j^l jy jj ^.^Jl
Jl«=
1 *
-*=v
^-p- c>rL^J' ^i* oJlTj i jjU 4«1S c ^j^j] c Jbr j
IjJI ^Lx : Jij
4 +
$y- : -
» ',7 ■ •
$
_jf
v.r
I
0"
. 0) JiZiUj ^j f V yUj **>jj -U^j J*l>11 O^ ^ ^U: tf LJ1
a;
J _^M L
oLU- — ~J1 e xi L,j m 5^.1 JU ^k^j ^UX-JI oJL* jjil ji^Ui ^JUix cJlfj
o^ ^j t>^j : ( v ) <^£>- c**7 dUw-U c «J **Vj ^r^UH juA1> ^^ ^JtU. j*i-U>
■ 4
J^
ita-W
Ji j> jk diii j*> o^ujuii f ^ ( £ ) un<^ ^jL^jVoi^ji i^k
^~Jtf jjj ♦ <IU co^-^l L~iu1 o-Uj \0 * ^vU^ aIm^V) ^ l^^U-U fi t/j*!!
O^A^-a oli 4jbVl oJL__* C*JlTj so^-lj 4j jta^ ftJts-jj tiUJb ij*aJ\ C*Ji> j • (Jj\xlbVt
L^Jc t.AxT "bJ^Jte Ja>^_ jL*Zi LjJildAflj o_j»J LgjfiUejij J=*^l L*^ J** 3 ' tf£* * A—»U- •
* obi! t l
Jpll
!J
^
h <Jb1 -U*T Oo'tf i_>>^Jl J *_ r aJ\3 JU^i!) J Jjj^-ij J— >jl1 i>.J
f A5l JL* J\^Jt ydS LjiV U^lj jbUI v-^-1 f*Sj J^l ob^jA. ^1 ^j
ab
■<■
Ul jf\ cJlfj 4 Jlj-H j JjVl jiUaaSVb J^ 1 J*^ 1 ^ ^ ^
. UL>«jl~. jv£lc <JLj ^Jtf ootf ^ '•U-L-*/.
4SJ.VJ J\ >yi ^V 1 J 1 ^ 1 O^J * ^>- ^^' J 1 ^V 1 J-" 0U-i«Jl ^ V.
c^
a
'* « u , .r J1 e^ 31 J" 1 -' 1 *
4^-L_^ j J*
it- 1
I
i
I
rjlL"
P^
IL
fe«
» j ?
I l
SEW
■■ 'iV:*
f
I
m
#
% ■
& ■
&.
w
Jy
• ^u <> aLJUJJj'.^v ^Ul cx--li .AVr ( ^ ^ vVj Lib «>~
*Uttl ol i} V^l oVUVl V. J ^j Jc ^ji^ ,UA, ol^b l5"j
ol^b <> Lib jt <Jc J^, ^ jLx,l 1.U, < D L~o/ o!>fib. ^j J>
h
1 h
Jl JI^Vl J-.j» olj As*^ib j^i ^a> t LiUl j£j SjJ^Ji j^Vl J VI <;L^V!
h i
* *j^ o:*5L^ 4,-^cjj VI j JUI c-iUi
<> Wr ^1 Jl^Vl <> £U1 10* jki ^j ♦ by^ Lj^o ju-L Jl^t \fj
«>*
3jbVl
J*-jtj UU1 J* ij*j JbjxL* ^ (J ^] U5" Uwj youAll ol^j • ^jUI v Ul f L.t
jJ'j^ J i5
»#
li uUaJLJ) J] ^uujiJI ^jLO cJlTj * J\J\ (> J ^jLCiJi
* <iU^
*-Vl
45 j * ^,aJl JJLar J^ o'l> 'j^ olT^JJlULJJ LWi <kLJ1 cJlT ^J O^J
<UjL^o^l <Ljh ^j^ r^r*^'^ 1 .#."*■" JL>^I J I ^>Vl j^j'Ij * ol^ ^ Wxi L
\Y* T ^
<JUifi <xJa^ : J^JLu-1 a^A>- y^j'y .* Lib o^_>>. (\)
XVY
oi-^l (^jW
A J\ u-^uil lias OJ^l^J^ \y\$ dUUl o 1 tij^*
u- 3
i \
3*****
(V)
• <J^U1 u^^L- j ^ jftLtei
&,
W
'' ,
I i
f J
i-
u
( L*£n ) u**xn ji »jj^. Uftui j-ijV ^Juiun s^ai coir
j
. <iUl
4V ,
^JUI ^iJJ *»fc*» oW rfJUl jb _^aJ1 Jl Sjlu— oil& ^aL-oSV) j^Vl U
* j
r
Uj^JCII *<U+» ^c ^^T J^sA* V -ctflfaj coif ^ ^L^Jl V^\ j>*tj ^>^>J! ^Ui
4*
jl I4JI 6-Ul yyl £-xr ^U4*ll ol^ill o^i <iV>)l <*^»L£ ^jU- Uj
I 1 ^A>
<ix J/—. ^TU- J*^ J^ Ua ^- U . ^ J,JLiJ . c jL *" l5j1 ^
V\
^J ^
Sj 5 J 1 erji w*j ' #'> <> ^^ ^-J ^s
ol^—Jt J V.^l jS^-J^-
L4H ^ij « <ijSl~Ac _ Xij*- W^C^ui . ^>V1 0VL.VI £.Uiji <> ^i>l^V\
nfj
i^WSSM
?-'■/.
:■■- ■•,'
\-o
Ol^Jl^ j\j +ty Jyjj c ^j*S\ gJiJl J rfjU^Vl JLJJjty ^^-Jb S^L*
4lu> 4_i; co>n J oolTj ♦ aIjiju £, ig^i oVUajyi VUl JJLSllj ^L^-jll
J 0% (J J J 5 *- 4 -!! 0^ V u^' ^b U^ £^" c-JlS" jJLwa-l'l oV Sjb-lj" -UjVijL
r*
yJU JT ,> ijSlV V.j^l jJLiJl L^
& t
t -XHVl\
joi-uUsMJ oi ovut ji ji^ji ^«*r ji cot j*\ '<r~Jj\ >iy) <>; *>
oUaJUJl ^^li U lii ^Cj^» 4jjjj 0j& ^J <J'j «*i ■£***> <#" 6lj*Jl C* 6 ^' '^-^^
< IjuT bUul Jiyi jIju-V tjiai Sj*.1j ^ <Uf Jiyi Js. jk— j 61 J^ ball
J L
Sjjiij <^ljj» ^\j% ^ u*k*n <--JUJJ J»U"jb t^-JI (j^'Ud dUj^
cS>V»
Lull jt-^-.J^ AJLJl
*♦
I:
o\*W\ OS.. ^ il ' *i
t j^Xll 041j oYliVl r^l^ J *ijLifil ol^S olkLJI i!y oii c <,j>l^V\
• • •
; f a:
s*\
s
i
\.1
l.<
i
c\>
• 7,1
T I I
T - '
<J0j$1 JUJi j ^WUiVg^l
* F
i 4
- ">
i
o'^-aii*- j jjf '<?.j>- itjU w ^jjji jjjtx\ j jjjuiji ^jxji oir Uj .
1
bji L« I^a-uJ ^'LUl ^k i)L^ -Lj'jJI (i^ill ^WV ^^ <Ut** 0^ V*£y'
M
* «
4
JUL
♦ j4a>. u*a-^1 0^ j^l <J jj^i ^'^"j 3^Jb^3l JU^'
U5li u-daxJ -ui^il JU^ J jMj^l **tr^ <^^ J { ^L^4I 'kj*^ oL^I 3j* q]
j>L^\ (j 4
M
» j,>J\ ( y^Jl i^Ut^l a>-1 — (( rj/ )) o^ ^ 3 * u^J^ ^. •**■*■ Ijj***
4 '
H F 1
* i)
1A '<^»%J^\ CjUIc 'J
jMJu
A-*
l^^^b ^k^ - ,^-Jjy J <-^aJ1 ^V^ o' >V1 Jjl J £ j^ a=tj>
^^ 4_iJ ^o^ J L^Lui^i t>°. o*^j — ( ^oV ta ^ - Uli ) <>~>JI a*. ^^^
IT 4jt ^,-^^ fi ^L-^tJl ^b o^>il OJ^'js ^^ flJ1 <i^ iJ, J " J> ^U^lb ^^'V!
• L^LuxSl Jk Uis\ <^i oli <JU ^a^V^ J1 ja^ bU>-
1
\-V
ff *bl>nj )) a5"U- *1jj ^jJj i Jj»^>tL f*U*U \JL* ^J^jll <Cj~|£ r*j x p-li -uJj
M
« 4j
* *
))
* ^m *
t> V-0 <J »Jxli jc^asl « J^*. » J* JjX-lj <- c U; uji-uflj
: ^y <> U>1 j VI J*s»- V
1 J
1 .
* "
I
"'f
-J .
■I
r
r.
■'1;
- ■ h i
;■■!! i
■ u .
8 •
.V:
J
l i
■',..
.1
tj 1
y .
-, .i
jfljaJI J LyL). o? l»lj <IUj <^>*^ <> j^JI Uili- ^>U1 £j.y= j;>Uj q] L£
♦ <J 4j
O
o*Uli
g E^w^V j
L_4^£ 6jUcjl J^U- J^5j 'i^iJl\ oj^Ul* Jt Ja~*b o^-^" J rjj* -r^J^J O^^Vl
b
I
_$>,>.
^ Mir
j_JU_3 • UL^Ij I^JJUI <JUjJl ^jjL^Vl ^ -^»-ui pUc J* cob* — UJy
J (^-JLuaJI olj^l dA*U^ J».1 ^j : L^A^J1 ^Vi obL^. ^j ^L-aSll <JUjJ1
h
tWi inm ' nn i '» (rf
VA
JUjJI 4JjoI1 j>^l - ^UJ! JjLi. ijj l^i> ^L-^bJl *^Vl Uic ^uj, j
>**-* cyV^ 1 ol^L- <yU£*n olkLJl jkJ J er^ 1 ^ ^1 * iJ ^ n *** ju* j' ^jj
^iU OlkJ y^O^ ^OJl ^ Jl *U*-1j • Ja**^! ^1 ^j^ j 40U1 V.^jVl
^ ^ j ^ ^ V 4 uju Jw.WVt >' J c^-^1. Jj c ^T J\&\
*4
ij
\°0 j Jy oi Oi-* 1 1 ^
J
' Ob
jo_j ,j ^jL-^oH
\
^SUi-M ^jUl Je v^ 1 oj^j^i '/j '
\
lA
J
. ^^ J 4jLiun ajju~ji s^Vi
v
J ou
^Vl a^ iu.A.^I i^JW £* oj^. ol j^ 1 o* O' ^ b . u—*- J^J
( N o o • ) ul
_Ji- Je S^U^l J _i!U^H IJus Ijiix^l o^.-u-)l o1 VI < olj»J
>
JU
44
u-"^ 1 - 5 . ui
b ;
« <?V. » J* ^.^. a'. 1 JJ 5 ^^ £ ( N«oN ) (^->» J ^
: l
I
m
r
frl
C^ Jjl~ J*J jy o» ^. <J <^Xlj M^ooo) L^V) -u /
i a*
vJaT'F
iiflEfr!
fe
* 1
^ . -
«« a
si*
i'* 1
< J
-*./fc Jj^Jl Xju^]j C *yj] J ^y»
oj>
'.-> o^. Ju . c*
jU /j| Jjc
: lt^
&*!! > ^1 (( Lib t y^ )) ^i J^ ^-UjuJI lkLJ) J^ U- c LiUl iyx5j
a-»j < o\~*b J*j J\j»}\ J* Ub ^ J^ <L^ v ( ^ 00 V ) ,jaJ1 ^J
if
* Jl £-■» -oij*j y tJ ~- jv <> J— Ji ^.vsj wr jH^ji ji o^ui D iu^n i vi
• VoVY J Jyj c ySUiJl Jjk^Vl ^b uUa-i < : ,.,,.-., oU*LJ1 oUlT jii jj_* ^
JUT jJUj jj, <jtfj < ^ olA J (t gJLM Jc » oju; ,> y\>>Jl «Ju_^Ci Jy
Jl cJT a5 ^y j
.1 c*!5J < "<L^i1 JUJi Jk U.U3I 5>^1 j ^oJ) >
T 44
* M+ ft 4
eUJu
At
jy-U' J cJlT ^jj^l o! VI qw^JI
(> M^ 1 *^ 1 *%s*-tj ' V?.^*1 JU^i j jufll ^JUiJl J.LJSJI 1JU ^1 uiJ
i5j51>I» - ^-UiJ! Jy^-Vl '■iS^ ^Q <Jo^)l <^y ^U^ JsLi; Jl a ^
cobj ^oV^ yJLJ o^ jiyl^l _ jl^\ J>_^Vb ^.jjjVl Jy—\n ^ij
yl>^' Jb ol vi i >jS v.>; l^^V 1 J>-Vi UJ L ^ s^r ib^. ir_^
cr^^ ^^r^. J*. * J»-jsl1 /Jl ^^ j yiUiJI ^j>-Jl Jyull \LjJI \]*
^lku-1 ^j £(N oVf) uL-Vl a. J jj.] lj* ^y J,yL- -u> c^U. Jy^xVl *U>.
<* ^Vgrnwrv i » W -l-F-wgi
u.
Sj^Vl ^ J* UV c/^-J c^V J^'Jj 1 *^. ^ (( ^ ^^ »-tyUjUJ1 JJliiJ
'it
* <.
■^aA>J1
**
-jij j Oi jL =r >>^J ' Vj^ 1 J 1 ^^M u"*^ ^'^l ^_/M J- j
: _ij Jz,j ._»L*>4 »Ac iiUi (jjj J L>- ,j£l> ' -frtcjjrJ**
^Lcp- (VoVA) DJW <i->b "^j-" J q^^V 1 'J* ^ ^ **;M\ jj»-1 -^
wbO.*i» ojl4\ <L*J\ c^il^ii 4JL±*n oU»L*J
( ji -Uij' Ja>c»
(( <ja*^Jl J_j^a41 )) «U (jiJOJ y_>iU j <*5"U- hj» X^^ai^i _>_>$b
^Ij^Jlj ^jij ^\J= 0~j— U.« { JU±^\ oUVjll f.lti lM 3 ' ^ "**-*. J
\
X
-
^Jo: j£ £ j *-!! *«J>u-V V" 1 ^ ^^ V^ jLj ^ ^.j*-^ oULJl 61
jf] >T jl> o- ^^ v^' ^^ i/" -J^ 1 ~ k ^ x] <i ^-^ ^.UJ\
blu^M cJtfj 3Jjol\ <^=U <JU^V1 J\ v^ 1 J*—^ -A^ > LJi ^
,,,. .-^ oo-lT ur c jiTI <*.^ Jl*Ul u.'.^ J 1 iW" ^~J ^.J •>
kdl
Jb ^_jj cJtf ^1 db' o- W.
j- ^n *-*.^»i Jl^ J u^^-J 1 ^j 5
^\ J\ l^aJ\ ,> »a^4l io.j-H J^M 1
u^l Oj*J-^. V L»Lt
Ai O^J^^J^ W * ^^ S >^ ^•^ 1 ^^ ^ i >^ , <^ (^' ba5
\
\
r
fc
!•!
MS
; -"-4
y-iL
\ttY
Ui
JrfEHSfrk
\\\
>V
>*
It
s-Vl JLit
J** VUUl iljoJl ^ <Ji,^1 ju^ obVj o>^| oiJ
bl
^ l^ ^.yf JL-^ ,1^1
'- -^ e-" ui ^ <> JjVi dJiii jll* ^jjjV?
J«ji o^^j JLijii ji~* ir jjVi uut v ^ji jy., ^j j* ^iu cr ^f u
• ^^ ^Jj ^,j>. uA
M
"■ - j
• • •
j -'is
J?
t- -j
* v
f i*
'ikri'if
I
1 ^
^ if
i
LhMj -^Vjh
^i
3.^
it
flHi*
£ <ii
i
It
$ si
4
Hi
* H
£ £1!
if
IE
$
I .■
-. r
juu-jji ob^i xj> jum\ c ttsn
A**X -VI jb4J1 J*
t-m
]■
Itf
-}!■
I
I
*
-r
n
3
a
( ^M^Vl ^.j*^l — A )
Jl
If I
?£%
^J^r*
4 ■- ■■
.,;p
1
I
i-
*
_:t
4 T
' »
r *
It
V'toWf
nlE-S
ft
' >m
KJWSEP
I
rJrJW
m
1 'I
■ i
i-
■ VS> ■
J /flw9
r
j*J*r
■ft
0--jufll ^^lUVl qC] j4J1 _^j ^ ^-U J\ t U ji\ 6j jI\ otjji , ^y
- >
+> 1 ■ ■" >
<ir j^m j^ c <&a\ jo.^^
* «.
U
44
£ <A.
-Ul>
1 \
OJ
■l
ok >ur oif <»y»Ji jUJb ^i J«ai J ^^Ji jaaij 3*.*u 6>j J v ^ji
o*-t Jt^it ,> 0JJ^> oj^^- jh~! j«b o' J-i 2L-U- v _^l oj JU-lr I.^r.^
■ J
s a^r J\ u-» j oiJfiSisH 6te. e^Li Ji> i)U* - ir 6^1 j ' ^') jli. J~L-j LJu jil
L
6U villi J ^U < V4JJU' J yj J1 JJu fi jsi\ jjA\ ^ <j jU j| ~^w ^ cJir .
1
r
jJ4t mi 0^ * ^^1 jut j j^ji 4,^ ^ jr ^^^j ^ui <^ij ovuc
;-uaM JiA>J
^Jl j j^J VJ^^ U**^ *^*»^ * <J>U\ 4^-^Ul <> ,3-
I
^ - i/*J**\ t£^\ J*"^ *^
>^
#
\\"\
AjlJA\ L4J ^ uJL) J&. c <^kc Sjjfj ^^ oli cu^^l ^ ^ c 0^ J^ OUcj
■ ■ h ■ * -i "
1 1
c>
* +
t^
1
I - 1 -
^ _^ iJ^Jl ojUxJl JSJ l^jAi u ^ ^V v5^-. J.',>.. ur^^ O^ll Jl
1 n ■
11" "
r - I ■
ri 1 ■ ■ I I 1 1
. a^-V 1 '<^j^\ *U\ J J^jA) -tUJI -JU*!.
j>
t lk^-1 0^ « V-J-J^ ; V.J^ , ^ J M1 J^^ 1 t> V^ 1 LT^. f^i ^^ J^'
»^tu^J\
I
^\v
"if
^!i
VM
j^ShSe
j ^
;i
QmE
si
Sj.tttLEp*
**
•W 04c c-ir, . v o4! v ly S>^ ^ <j ^ ^ ^ V1
^i . j>n i^*j cjit ur \ ova ^ ^jij ^ j ^ j
C.T <> iUii \X-» < ^^ ^Vl ^Jl J , JU/^JI 4 ^ ^jlj,
<CLu«
**
^w uu _,..
JJ
JJ liUJL)
! cj iJ0 .>
J lSJ-A
■ UJ — b>. i>J
'J*
J
L*1
<_r°
• -*^r/ r \oa
^^-i-dl oij-uil VI jS J* bU«lj L^, ^y 6 ] j, 0jkui , _^ y ^ u
JU
VI
^.^1 <^J, 1^ < ,1^, J^ Wj ^;, ^ ^ ^ ^
If ^J
* s jf.j»Jl 0* ^UaiJ ^jnJIj V^Ji <,-)_£ .u^y ^j|
<5CU1 i
14
M
^ ,> ^ ijliJl J ^jJJ _J^, i!1 ^^ ^ ^
.>!
+ t
))
4j
4*
.AXAJ
*»
j^' u*. oi J. aui i^i ur i ju, mjiTj UU.-1, >y . j u^ >J^ji
jw oU A5 Uj ^\ ^JiJ| jc ^JUj-^1 4, jM
ft*
..W-M
L .J 1
*■ F
\\A
' " P
1 4 ■
Ol jJ— Jl ~u^ ©jji *A~aj »juy «J>u 4jLcu«VV <> a» V -u'T j^> «£li*. i)j^f jJU
a i
H ■
"i r *
jjl ij&j * i^^CM ow*^ *^LJw l ^ j***!' D ^ u^ ^ ° * A <J <k-*ot >^* JjLuJ «aU*b
L^^WO
^jUb jui^n ;>i>-V* Jjm sr^ o- ^
■ ■
jj\ •U'^^Cj AJJU4JI *Lll <> l/^jWI J^a^Vl c-jUc-^ujI ^XJj ♦ <*^U- V^JW U«-L*
Vi
sj\ ji\ ^lku- .>,/> J v^.^' <*j*Jl J*r tS-iil y-Ji >* U* J*) j
t
( \o\i J'lJLS-s qJUr^l
j
u I
1>
th
.M.
JA~
-wVl ^ i$jjjA\ <> lK U*-^ •jiJ^J^ <> b J ^^"^Vo^J
ij>Jl ^L^-l Je V^l J^> 61 -
y\ j>cj\ jp-v>*-j 0-^ -^^ ^i 1 — cJ LAy -^'
ol J^'Jt J, J>— Vl ^Ik^il >^ij * >j^ J ^»JLJ< ^LuJ J c-snehJ jti) '<Lxl*j\\
j ^ba^x> p-I^a
Dom Mamael Ji>U f j3 JU;'^Jl ^U U^U- >y> ^XU Jfci ot o^'V jlix^Jlj
h H
sja^ji ju co<o' Wi ^j.-j-H ^^WJ tj.j^ J>-L^J^ 0-^J >J* ^*TJ "^
t
*«
J ' ^^ j \
m
J^SJI ^ ^jSl-J ^jlUl oUill jl
jUu>n JJ—bu
L I
"■ I
O
■ £
"I
I
J-1j oT J ^U ^U ^ fL JLU ,^^,-1 J* Ija^o 6i VI ^1^ ^r
y^^L J,Jj . ^j \j SJU;^) oLWI Ojut^l ^Uj < jU^j obyj.
i)L* <u_^J ^ Sj,^ j | u^Uj ^41 J^U j^ji J <u eUl
n
-i ■
• ( NoVY ) <u\
rt.
■. ,
cS->~ j-i ^ ^ Sji>l1 J* <JL«W *^1 ^ 0- colj SJbJ*. Sa*U. o^li-jJt
r
' ^U J JjVl ^U UJ1 l^k J_^,
**
1
Oclj ill c
f l&Jl »Ujj ,1^ 5^1 U J J^iJ JL^JI J^MJ <^lj L^i J^- jljJt
L-j jizU! jj| ^ ^. t u _u^ ^ a^Ij uv^^^ii.^ Uj jt
S.r.aJi
o^^- ^ij 5_^J) J) ij^ ^_^ y^ d€ Cur)iha ^. ^ ^^ ^ ^^
jrlill W^4l ^Ut Jt. UU o^ -iJUxJI 61 Jl ^jj. j*Jl la* j>
■ ■*
U-A^<
- NT
jJL*. ^jSUic ^.^ ^ Ori ky>J>=r u ^ V J LAi, J -iU*\ll ■^iStttl o* *~"
* iakiil J JjJL»- J*$a>- i^i*^" *bj
;1
£
f"
ju oi^jlji >^ oi •**> vi kSj^ *j* pW ] J 1 V^V 1 ^^ J^ (Jj
4*11 ^bVl ilLM J>-1 <> Ay* ^\*y*\ A ^ c 1 ^ 1
^ *-* i^M^VI JJ>L-^U SjLSUj ilocVlj Jj.>*jJ1 a^' 1 ^ 1 -*i J tt^ 1 ^
■ ■ ■
r
SjUdl 4.JUJUJ1 4jj*Jl oL*^Jl oJu= oUy • ^.a^lj v.^JI ^ J ^^V^
l •*■
U* (_5
J I
k!jJ\ >*JU iJljaVl fUr lf>L. olT.Jj^ f-JL- 0* V d ^ V ^J
I
J^ I4L- JUI *b~" v^V 1 ^ ^ t/JjJ^ ob-^1 ^.> ^^J * vj>^
• ^ ^n/,^/^^ J V.i**" Usuv* ->^» t-b'.
/ \^N-\ )
,> JjVl 5>J|
cJlf dUo^ * (^^Jj ii '^Ji u*^^' u^/
„j!UM Lib a^-1 o\jy r t ( -* ^YA / f W V ) ^.Jl ^Uj ^^H JLul ^j
NoVi )
J f«
JL^c. VI J L-*- jlT U* JJj ( N oVs ) u-jiJI ,> <-»r^'J o^^ 1 j^.J ( N oY °
^b
1 o^J) ji^i »>/■ oUlj»-l ( \oV\ - Not * ) J?^ oU.xLw lkLJl
«
^ - ■flSSFc "J
: :
'flWsftw
rp
J -vISSIn.
1?
■ r
1 L
]
i i
V
flsa.
* is
?
I 3
£ ^
!
i
nf£J r"A
c ^UpWh'-P
f' --
il
Wt
!! «&
ir-'i
rn
N YN
<> <JU| SjJJ fJ Wi OUJ- iJjj . t /». .ij>taJ1 v^^-V 1 ^y 1 J JtejJX
( NorA-NoH).
J»
ii* a^U£» JIaJjaM j^jj, -^
Ml
oUJI Lib ^UJL- (J1 ojJUs
JAi^H ,Jw4l J q^IUr J
■1 h
>L«11 lilt 4^.1 J
U1
4
uu
JiJ
i
i ' ■ *
■l
«4
A>
L ■
1 0^4*J1 «> *j>lH <^4lj> <"j£U <&> AjL>- J*
• jUJI oiL-^^iLi you
•^j*r tj^'ob cJL*r^JJ
£>■ ■*» <J>^ j O.W- ulU^Il 0^ i*^ c*^ j L-Lu c«i jxll JJU olTj
*' ( N°'tt ) J^^ J^ LJ>w^ U-V* 11 HU* <*j>"J 1^-aiiiQ 1o»- <U5 Ol
^
JW^JI ^'b-ull *j>:J\ J^.<*Jl*£*l) \
\ oUUJl pi U of}* Ovi>d! IJub^
^ ^aS» ^\^U jl^u-l Ail Jt^.LiJ.l ^yJI V L^V ^.y ^XH ^1 ^
.Juii t^JliJ^l iT^J. ^r^XJ V o>J0\ azL^» (oWJI o 1 ^*' " u1 J 1 ^ ^' JfJ
J* ^iUJLaJI ^/^Ul Jl^j-JI t 1 -^ 1 ^^ : ^ ; ^> : ^ 1 <^j/ V^' u^ tr-^ ^ l
**iji ^^-? £ ^^"jr 11 J 1 ^ Je"J^ t^ f > -^ O 1 ^ r^ W ' oUJ^- o'
ii
J
\TY
t i
+$*>J\ fL— ^Vl J\ v^ J^oUu» ^ <oj Jk
•*
<>Jl JJ? >I i! jl o^UtVI
^U ^^(>oi-4)j f>L«V1 ^^^tj <U* OJ^ 1 ^.j* *>' <l l-*0* (ud^ 1 — *-ri)
- *
*■■#
h..
UJ
j ■ : ?}i j . ♦ « ^J JW uAc ^j *b ^j . » poIT jtify u J* jp-U* j jb ^J
- ■** i- ■ x i
,- i .
*w*4
j^^jjj uuyi a^c ^y.V^ v°'^" t>'o^b^ i)cu aj&
Li
+ .
i v,-
.1
0-
i
r t
°^^ J 0*^ ^ La^-l^' ^^'o^itoj iyv <^in (^juj^i *.* u ^uj ^i
_.r
.*
r
jfcUail ^JJU-rt
<Ui C*i
•' i
^ ^° ■*' mr^m t
-■ if- . -
J
V0
.*JaJJ
t*
v ajb <>>'
^ -^b ^ jj»U o' {^ <^»^- f a^*Jl O^L^ 0>^ c*il5"l p!^~-
4^bUVt
- 3|
t .
■r*
fa J 1
■■ k
,_*J1 ^U <1U1 j^ili Jit J j^^
UJV Lib
<u^>> jji pLu^I <OLwj
L J
f ' . * « .' M Vr f !
- t
-U_$n (jH *A* 4ji_^l3^ *Lj1 <CU-^
•^ t> 0*J}i V b*l* -V^
1 Martin d© Soizq \j^ j.j ,yJ u J 1 *^ J^.Vl £1^.1 J. ' d^ 1
*4 ** A
i u»
U.^U.JAOaj
1 » ,h * ..r"?
1U-0X
*•
J
VI
0^ :DJJ
- ll
I
uxljp
ri '
'-k^
b
oby—.c*
♦J G 1 * '^iH 1 £^ V J !V t^ 1 ^^ ^^ Vl ^^W^-^.^ ! C^-» '■'
i- V
Wilsoni; The Persian Gulf* P. 125.
f k
0)
f ^ ^
>-*
J~-r Jl ^UJ! 3! L^ ^Ui Ul^Ji 4,^, oLUl eU; jy oj! '^
^ olT -LkKD JUx^Jl J_^V1 ^ tj <^ U c o>oJ1 iu.5L-vi
coir ^1 s^xi, ^ ii{ j 0lkui ^ . ^ Jjigj| . ^ j^
«> *f Jjk-i > ^ uurum ^ uji ^ <^ VjA M 0[fj 4, • , ^^
, r
jlT, >jA ^ u oXl
J - JU; J
1
>«r-T J £« o! jITj vibju <o ,>.JiL^li dbjo J ,k^
1— JSH aJLS .O^^U ^41 ^ J*^. ^ ^u, < L.U UJ, j^ D ,
U^Uj >j4 j, jU ^ • «ui^ j, ua, ^ ^ ^ , , , -^
J
+4
aT>- cJlT JUr^Jl J>^V1 ^ ^ 0I0L*, oXij jU ^ IjS JUi <>
ULc
,-M" E k3vi ^,<~*y t > coir ouiij ji Air
M
^1 i
t> <»- ^>i SaL^ <ij*JI *UM L4JI o^oM . jJI <U«J1 3*««J» oJlT
2^11 j o^Uj^JI v j^^ <iuL^ S^-<| cjifj c eb ^i^, ^LJy
qJL) U>- 4j
•# «
* *
* c^.^
j»
li ^^ jUJ! j». I — «Jl «> ^^> ^k Diego de Noraintw s^LJL. JUj^jI J^L^Vl!
<Jc
oi
4*
^Jj ^Vl jJ^all ^Ijl AiJm r a*1 i)Lu»j AJUw-Vl Jl db>> iU (\)
* ajljll -u-^jj^^
\n
L
j
V
**
Ioj 1 $Ji uaJ tlvJUi' Jt a>J> <JLJUJ1 oU&*a11j o^U>J\ wL ,-LJUj *uc
>
l^J*
4*
♦ <
SMl j J
**>l
^J^-uilj Jj *Jj* Jf '^-jlJd db jw U*j ^iji>ul1 iJLcJUl Cj>Lj>J1 Col^ -,jGj
* i>
i* (Hjtf
J~a
*L
*U J J^>" <^W*il ^^1 tA^ £^1 Sj5 j^a; 1 c 51 ^
o^Uxj j>uu^\ »> o^" f 1 ^'j ty.j J1 es^^ u*-^ ^ .^ J^ ^^ti^.
L^Jl
L.UJ^ <>»L-all oy <-s>UJ^
1^1 (*J * *
\ eUj" >c <*)om> \jj>- Oj-^jH. o^LoJUll oli" £ *Sj>-\ <*»-L) j^j
Ja^jMl j* 11 -^
l 4 Jc OJjxi- ^!J\ ^.^J
\
>
T e3
>jfiu- jJL^ll ^uji ^ A j, Jj}Js ^ 3^^, o y, oUa _ ^
Oil) ,cJJ| CO
Cj&J
i oAxJ Jj.kx
JUi^Jl oils' ^ ^L-JI 0j ai ^ oLLJUill J l^jjji UUj- ,ji s ,k_J| <j
L-1 elL JW ^U J~
Jk-41 L^-lJ" bUi
• • *
, **'
4
■l .
HI
J *
-x
, 4
I
A JUiifl%d1
%>W J
^
■&
$
&
l
!
f
s
&■
4
1
&
fj ■>■
iw
ft
^-
j=^ h
9
i
si
i
i
f
■p. fit
1
ft
LL
"^
!
it *
!
1
*1
■ r
X
3
V
*^. i& ^ < JU jaM
j4i)U*M (> <£^*ftw
I j*^ J5i^ o^Ji
UL
*•
j-:
VI
I
^Ib o^ ^ pibuiSI Uo'ji au : JjVl V-Jt>
4*
<c
1 *JKM
^'j* J~ J 1 **~fj « ^J>1^>V1
I
-iJJjl J
jjaJ -1^d>aJ') oUjb i y>_j>- ol>
1 J^-Jt lS JH J 1_^,| aL : j^Ul jy*
i-4
4UJ1 V >JI ^ ^Ac .^aLJ.1 &Ji\ ,> _^x^l jlLc ^LJ
( _i_*Jj oj^S .*JSH Jl>- J\ ) <JU1
j
a L
^jL-JI Oj HI 6- Jj^l ■ A>a;J I J>U- <JUa.VI cjj »JI
»l
t4
*ij>iL^ V 1 *^ *jjj l^,^ 1 ^^Ji J ^j&
ft
t ^. j*H o^l J^J
ot I4XX
• U-^( ^yJ! , r U1 JiJWl o^.U-11 JU1 Aii 4^^1 j^Ji Jl J^j
JjUUj^I ^ ^iJU^d) ;o^^ iji-Jl a,., v ,jJ1 <^jUJI <Jjo)l oJir U^o.j
( 4.^M— VI ^
5JI — *\ >
i
\r
^
^
**
J' i^ji
?Ai. UU«4, JU-aJ, -u-^l °'> a ' C^" 1 <>£* J?V* .Jf..c**jil
■ ■ ■■
1 K * \ 4
<JUi 4_JL^ Ad^ J JjVl lj-JIJ iljLfc ol LjLj^ qu <> O^J ' ^> fctf*
H 1
. 4
r j
( l
J>U- j^ oU- pJLi ol u&i ty'V*iJl c>U«&~N c - •■**- ^^" 01 ^ <^" ^J
I "
P ■*
'' fr
L
H P H
I
h "i
-oJji jJ
V^»
"J
i P
* . L
1 *«
<JL*- J ^ — -i ol JjVI l>-V c> c^>" ^.j^,sa*U. cJ£ U# ( )A£*j..
^"* ' -• ■ - > I t , -I I
I-
^JJ^\ J$jU&\ jjJUliI 1 V^^ V U 3J , kj&Ji*
V^
ikhAx «
■» i H
#-
V J
oi
» i <*
^Jm
4*
r
J -
*p
* , t " "I .
ifr
4 ■
h -p
J h
Ulj V^iJI «J>UJ Jaii^i^ SjU: j^jX\
^jjjVt <^_ji]1 <!^aJJ
1 L
UJ ij <jUiJl <ljoJl 4> liUi ju,
Uxl
r
\
cJuiVi J <j^V1 4Jjaib iLi^ uo ^UUj ^l^ j <^,aar<JL.jj»
1 1^1 j Je tfj <JUiJ1 <! jjJI ^ ^LlUdl J) JjS) )j^JJ
Xii
OU^L- jl ^UUI oU*L*> j_h~41 JjVl uUJL* : _^>j Ju^^UuVI J4=>UJ1 luJUr-
■i ,
J«n
ix ( l~j ) ^ ji ^.Jjjua'i uu oir oil 4 Viot'j ^.UiL^i-
j:
VI
i
UJJ1 JU^i j UUJ1 iJQl ^L* ^^ 61 £lk^1 1j 4.iA* J^ ^ ^ j
d olj ' loO.j V 1 *^ 1 ol>ill a» j_ jsJI <^U
J
oJlT t*; f U ^sjl oLIwJlj ^LJUll J_jL^SU L-jjUjl. ^all ^ S^U ^1 Ujilj
~^r,
u
'■\
m
i
oLclj^oH *-a--w*j <JUJUJ) i]jjj\ Jj <p-l>- J
;y r \^ji!>oir iiij
F +
r ■_
' "i
F H
■1 ■.-■!'■
j
— Js olilbj i*i* jM JU.^ J civj w41 a^> UjLLc j Sj^-Vl o^'l AtL** V
* i)L* <JUU1 4j>Ul oUVj <> U^j, ^Slj^H iX^Jo
1
j-vUj'j NoYo J oa^Lw ^^jUJI oUJL^ oLkL*J1 £* Jj\M \j
*i 4
,ly OAC -UJ
CW-^1 O
r
h
\
\
1
T,
I
^ju, j*\ \+*u s <i\^i\ '^^ S Oj^jM U-^!. 'j*\ ^ ] ^
i
ill
J
■sH\ b>j»
1
.4
*
m :
• <ul^i -U^J U4I olkUb <;U^V1 J JpJl
*
♦ ^i ji^i ^ i« i^j ij^ju uuai j ^-j^n euii uj obui
^•U^Ib c^^ 1 t#>-*V» ^ ojUJI 5^bj iA^U! 6 JL* ^U ^ ir^
4*
**
•>ofc ^j'UJUJI J 4g.,*
U"
*t
euf J iLil
u* oU^L^Jl c-ij* J* • ( c^T ) ^UJI JjU Uul^ jjil
f ■
-U.UJ1 ^ :
<SS* oV !>• idlij • \o*V jy jail U-JlJ ^ Jl*M ^ u^ s , ; wL a» ,LL
^**olji <uLo J±o
C*^.
tyJI Vj^I S -Jill \a <zJd>
*4
;ir
. NooV J ^-UJi jy* ^ ^,-yUJl L.J~ ojU
jt £.UjVI o^ ,> vUiJl <JjuM 5jji jy[li\ UJ^ oLkUJ! a^
C >U- <^Uj < ti _j i _ Jc\ Jz i)lli^ ^jSL-ll l^ljj; coif j i ^kLxJI ji S_jU
i ^> <J^' <ljJ' oJ^-1j , iLuJl 4J-lj^ J ^Jj ii^jj oi)£ l>%^, 3 SI
^=r
• J_y6j,'Jl J dUi
• • •
-^
1
V .-<•
I
J
■■r I
t
4Jl*l*J1 %<Jl jdLa>
rJfS -E»*^ ***** ** f ft f ^
r ■".;**?* V*tfv -:■••*'. //"" ■ ■' ; ••-''w
■i
-i
<*i*lb< JjL&u-I (J J^ ^ <^_, ((^^L^Jl ^ ;)i)) u j^ A ol]ajLJI „
j*l\j f A~.yi ^ (( j^vi j.j^ii )) ^A\ j
I J Ji*A? ulfcLJt JU* ^IcVl
r" oj j^. *-> w i/^ij p
•vj» dur., j^i^i <_ui j \f j{ \ 5jb vi cu-ir, < bJj>B ; u^ uu ^-ua
<r
jZi^*, j] A.S J' J «^a]
o* } y
Utf
^L^ll ,o*M j^ ^i ^Vl ^JUjII J^ ^-LUJI ^bVl plkJl ^1,
T
LiJij
J jryai ^t ^ jk j^l, u^
viUOJ «
JUiJl 'iljaJI oL^> jjj| ^ JUJUIV ^1
f
Uidl
./r-J
' <Jc'2jk l yLLu-
'■ * t «
J>l AAi j| <]jjJl <^,LoJ-
* <^)«>l -*j>j yL-^b
J>
J
Oi-AJl Jl^llj ciytA-Jl > *aJ| l^J ^J Ui i^U-Jl 11^, ^ ^ . ^^
* *J^Vlj ajLUt ^ <Jb b
Lf
lfi \ji\f
UA
J^dl ,/jSll ^^toAl ^Ja) IJkJj . J>-wV\j oA^I <> - JJ^ 1
C
ft H
L^«
L
'I
<>Li
ills
<JT C*~-»1j *UajJJ 1-U J>*A?J ^j»*Ji L.JXC L,UJ ^^Jl Jl oJ£i\ -U'ljM » J> -al\
r
jJLUI ouoLaJ i#- UjjlJI ^^ UU - 1 0j& *!Li ^iLJUJl J>-Vl U
• ^ JjU~4 <^L^ <J.uJl oJlTj < JL* V-^' d 1 -" 4 * Cr" ^^ J V 1 "^*"
«
iUiJI
ft*
ft
Ol J» < u!
■-
- - ! .■.■,.■
a ri
V ^» W /^'J ( hj>. ) cJlT qvJUJUll JJlir cJlT ^xJI V^ V-eV t5^"
-^
* ^*J1 Sj-*J1 i^UUM iJlyVl J>~" cJtf"
\
* iiixu^ o>4i f ~u4i jt>n oJir ^i <jx^ii v'-r^t o^ 1 ^ r^
V
V
J i«jlu».j «ui*uJt J>-b < V 1 *^' ^b^i Jj^' <# <^ijli o» t>
<ju*n Ujj» £Jj >j <>u i/ jux ^uun jjkw-Vi <wj*j \<^ j j^lj <*i
J-
• jIJLl^ j*ui\ c %^ eUJLi o.uij, i. j^l ^.j^Jl Jj-JJl <JU 0-
, h
&1U\ ^L- I— J/j t yyUii\ oUJL" l>U*L~M 5Uj <jv <uitj)l S^l J^Uj
*l_-«i> c^^l o5 HJjoll J <J-UJ| ^MjjJIj jUJl J.5UI ^IT WAV J ^1
i ^ SpUSJi ^ ^y
( u-v
( \M.
\
V
( WW - Wo*\ ) cJUl jl~o*
X
vu- uu^i i^-ir ,ijjj ii^i^ vi ^i o^ju. v oj>vi jj=>lji oir.
L^U
u
*F
t^ .-V.^iUJl »h,1 £jL^ 4 ^LiJI J^MJJ ^Jl Jjlrfl 4^1 <> O.W
> -
* _^ <U^z)^ Ai-y-1 jj^. £j[i)\ ju.^ o! «4)J <>J f< j .5^ <A> J1 Jj*l iS4H
j oir ^i a — ^.j ^ i^iji ^ j ^^ji ^-uji ou±c A jjVi : Ju*.i c>.jr
I - ' . . I .
H
Jl I
* >a>*Jj <il^*-> <U.~aJL« ^ Jjc ^jlkL*.
oilTj c ^Zla _^i J *L>^ j Jf >^ ^ijJl ly jXj o^ J^ oyL:>LJ1 ^ ^ac o^*J
-u
ft
.*i O'J' (>> ^-Ui ' (rS^i\ (r^y j!>^ ^f^k" JL <Jlil1 SjXill oJLc ^JiiiJ
t> >
_~J1_, v lj^Hj *L~J1_, ^^aSJU Jixi > ^j . jaSJlj <^Vl J wJl^-Vl
< u^iUJ! JL ^ji ju A b J 3 iU\ *L~J o^"j . «-~-14V ©rtJ s >-o n -if J *>J-^ ^
1 V
^
i -
nl hj^y V > LU11 v-^UU Jyol < aL«iJU LJwl <*TU:i oU^Jl o~-*b
<*
.**"
1
-AjjWb J-'j-H 3-y 0' a^-J
J j^'UJUll L
iU ^Jl <Jl^U <L>» V J^» > ^.j^ l J& *W\ ^
<JjoJ\
_j^l>- jii\j i j^te Cr^s s^ £^~^ uy^i J^ oL^LJ^
i L* aA-iL>-
oJlT J^Vlj c bjVl j jJLuiJl ol -^. jTaJ\ ^1^ i^ijill J5U. ^jlill
\
V
v>
A
iy'UiJl lJ ^>J! j <>jU> *y jjSl l^itf A>jUC^ o^ ^,^
F
r,
.w-tf r -
Jr.'.hLvii >\i "i
i*"jl
>7
S3
^
<b> iJL. ^Sj ^ ^jU&VI oljSJ! pU'U^Mj, ^UwVI fUl _i-i«J1 o*j> ^
r
J»
s u^ ^jb^^JL** 0j£ jLAfc^t -Uij i 4JU 4Jb*U J jl ^Ui5 J
Ji^bU j\yxj\j
u^y
i
• 1 i " . V
j£ <U
II
S4 ^"LGj r ^ j ijUifiyl Jwl^, 61 ^41 <> uU"
1 _^ — ^ <>UJ1 o >•* J ^^ — &^. tS^ 1 ' u^ < iij*-1 Sjjw
^jUiC^l olji f UJj < ci UiJ l-il joJ 1
• <
.>j * L$i3U* J oL^UJ)
^L&j i <ij4I «L>- J ^*?.jJj oljill oij& c^ajl <. uJl^^aJl -^ oU^*)
j^S- \j>^
\j i p4j]j*A *^J ^^o\j C 4olc sL>.
^Uj l^-UC gi>j
L J
h '■ i
SjTii jo_ji>. ji JbiLi .J53 &IT uii * ol>"->>U L*U« ^Ls&Yii flfcj g-^1
L>^^i ^ -iVT ijUJoVl ^JljS j 4>-j aiJ ^^ 4 bjLJJoJ j^a*
JWU^
11
• i«j
U.
-uJl
44
J*
>Jl
1
MX
m
A^
.< ( r \jx!Vl ) ^-b -J^ ^ flitf Jl *JjjJ1 oWl yJ^b ^jty JUu jj
c <uij1> c 5liJl r jxJU ^-tt-i Jbdb j £ WU1 0- J^Vl £«r «iUi •**» C* .?* J>*
'*>.
&* J>.^ j J^ Ujsll Ja~ U^
.1
r *^V ^U wdL. I4.tr, WjL.Lo. ^1 3—1 j» oL^jM v^^ 1 <*' oU ^-
jJI
#4
♦ «*..
l^Yl
,oiir U~» *»^juII *JWaM UJ5»s& Jc -cJii u- V t ^* M <i->> 1 .**^ oV f>
•*■• «
i r 1 -? *
«
iUsH SijTjH
r"
^yS\ liji}\
*t
; acj-*. >
b
»jjj
I
wijSjH Jc \jz\i VjJI'SVoJI VJ 1 -' v -> i/L-uliyidl V.^ 1
♦ «^».JJJ
VI
A*
J> J ^LUl
U^JI ouJ obV J1 j <J j-aM 5 JP -a*"^ *>»'
,y
L»JUC 9
c <jUi-H olkLJl r L.VUi* JjIU\ y> oA f^y^ ** '^r^ J ^ $
r ^ jl ( ^^dl ) <~A~- i!^-Vl ^ ^j < U».U°J U~-j* oLuijiUI
Lg^C>- j^xll
UJ
ft
<*^jin
cab liJj
Wl o\
*4
Wlu*
. 0) *■
* ' - t
ur
**r*^,„. T
'C oUVjiM J* S^Ui ^>*~> CMJii 45 <J
I 4*>C*J1 0j& liiUjj
cJjj ^» Ljo^j J^jaJ JWl *4Mj o^-^ *>/* y^^ j^u^. obV^H o^-~^tj
4JLw <J_Ut*l] ^IjJLib -Lj>j«J1 Jj^i tSjJ3l J>dl Co'if U-UJJ C 4.^-.^Vl <***xJ.l» J*aS.i
: -JbJUill wi*Jj.1 1JL* *ij il» oL 1 j*c 4*jUiJl SJ'jaU c-M oL^I oOc,
\
• ,ULU <b> L»ji <jl*i»n "^^
< ,0
ri r *
i.w) v^VV^j^^ J 5 * 7 V 1 -^ -M 1 ^.^j ' "M* o*^ r>W oir
*
■ %
t
r
s»-« u ijiUl1oUJL--fM «uk c*itf Uj3U>J\,<Jt 0^-9! U^oj^ ^ i)li*j
<1 jaJ 1 ,1
■1 r* *'j3^t ot jJse'^UJI oj«H J ^./^ '^
1J15 ju)
• • •
J
J
• <JUiJl 4J ,jJ1 jui uj>JI o^J^" <-"^il VUjjJl'
\ti
J.»1 J Ji-*i oW Jill ( JyJ .u*« ) L^VU-j V.I <>j • r \VV. - UoVov
•j-un <]>oi ijkci ^.iji c ( N ) s^»Vi <>i* qVU-j «> jac -ju> (> Jiy> ' (■nyu )
J
^
flj < ( m? ) J Jyyr OL- 1-3 > Joj^UiJl I*. ^ ^1 ^1 ^TT oU,j
ly^ 1 V.>». ^-' L,,i, C^Xi'Vj 4 ,ij4>. OJi' oVjLxll ^h>/\y>\i <>4M ^*
tf»J»
sJl
44
N^A^\ JjM - ^^- ( b^. ) jtlj c jl^o^L i))yV\ ^jf liUi u^j
Oy\f
j
»Uj t H J j-ui^ljlf Sj^Ufc) VI vjj>«J\ o.JL«> <LJL" -cujr ^j • ujji^lj
jlyMJ v.> ^^ V^" ^'J £->>r^ u r^ ° >&i * h^' ° JL ^' J ^MV^ ty^'
* iJ^jf ^\"*JJ <JiwA*-j ^jdla^tfw : ^j^.l (N)
I
■H
Mo
•r
r
1
\>\j
*b ) o^c^lj WNA j jsjjjUL. w*U, ^ sjuo». Sa*U* Ijjj ^aj|
^
1 i
<]jjJ1 > 5 ^J <J\*jJ\ <,.j>1^VI J^ J» yj . L^JJ 4-olj ULiu^
^J* V— K* i> J^-»J» OJ^ Oflj < -^ u-Wl o>H Jl> 6ULUI J <JUJl
3 " , "
>l WAA J ucijAll uo c^j <_^1 VJ >J) ji^jj i jj ^ i^u ej^. ^j, ^^
- 9
i ! :
* ^U ^LiJI ^^iJj J U^U)
7^
I
: 'i
■i
i J
J U-j_J -^LkJT Vj *j| ,0* cji.j aj ^^j <yl\»jll <;j>l.^¥t ^'^J
If" * !
U*
U«x
"i
Vj ^»Jl oO* C^Jlj < <JU*!1 5J>*II IflJ Jj-UM joJl J^, Lj,
* i
1 -L
• WU <u- ^jL^JIj JlyVl
E 2
] :
j - ! * "
1 3
! Vi
Us
L J
r -
e
^ n
■> \
S i
t
x
-.
l
j
-i
5
] i -_
* n
h j
- a
= :v ■
■ " h -
■" " ■ i
j: £ 5:=-,
1 ■ s
l ^
l3
ji
r
L
i-
^ 1
I" 1
i i i
ri -:
-I ^
1 r
•>
L
J
E- "-
I ,.
1 ;■
I-
L
' !
1 -.
£ '.
S
- ■ T -1 >
^ I i!
■ : I i j.
i ' : t
I
5
1 U I
^ ■. .
J ^
^ , t
M
fh
ill n
1
4
i -!
3 r I
-" M
' h
: j
J
- U;
?
J
=i It
4 *: r q
!M :■
1 >= *
!
■_
j
j L
J
|,J,:
Hi
. 1
;l;
^^ tt ^
• WVS ^jLLji dU/ ;u*U* ^U oi_^ <1X, Sa*W» Vj >J|
: <e.^J ^ v-lC ^ ^jj\ J^ ^jLuj eU-/ Sa*l~, ^a^
• UUi ^a,. o~ j^^, u! c^i. oJj U~1 ^jjl ju c
fj ill ^
1
N
» +
0- 3t>iJ XVI Jj^Jt ^>i l-^JJ n-^* 01
V
oljLi-VU <*^41 J^aJl ^
44
1 ,ii &JA <lj^ o^j- jL^i
( i^a^UVl V> X-^J1
N. )
HP"
m
\ i T
ajjjdi <*>u ~ ^ju, jc* o\jl^vi oio»u. j*^ *>. wvt s^u* j*
J^i, .J j\ lkLJ\ Uj ^» °jS alocV ^U»J1 ^* c3i> <> J 1 W &**- 1
^,-UVb jU^M ,> ,*»> ^b^l^ A/^-M e j-oU>U1dM^
oljLx-Vl oWU c~~-b • v*~M JWI ^W W 0j* >1 J^. ^V*
■
r
Ot^* 1
> c- ow ^ ^ ^ ' c*^ij «* J - U *■ ****" ^ ^
b4
nr:
H
^
j l^B-j i dt o\£J. J>j^ JUH V U^ Jl v.J-^^. i^^ 1 V- fiJ, ^->
uv
h^ J JU1 V UI aILU \JUj < J,jLAfiVI -W. ^jU, 0j> _X. cj j,, ^.
o-jj j ^ ix* ,-^j 4 ^uui cAkun jj^i .uju v u~ <> iju jir ^
K
>-i »
y
•VJ
jj-Jl <U,UU J Uo., JU-AJ1 v^^, wljl ^ iiyVi <iT cJITj , ^
\K\\ J c^L^, Sa^U j jUaJl a^l ^ Sjj^ oak <^, ^^ ^ jUl , ^
v ^!\ J^j < ^.jjjVI J^a^Jlj VLijJI Sj^n f Ul ill^Vt V.>» ^ \At- j ^
Jjl ( cPj^ ) Jyj c> _j>^ ^ui ^i ju. uu^i c^Vj vbj iM J^
^^ T -J ™ iflT i^ ALT
■fci^ v^ 1 " J> ^>- iU eUj D U3 \Ar. JU ^ -r i • i J it
■»ti vJl v«*-u..3jl
u
-* fl
■wimHi ii h,^,
\i
U'M)l»]ll M .. n -.^teTO**^.
^.^' ^.J^Vl e . jL _di : Aj uj, ^^j, ^^ ^ y ^ >]) ^ >t 0j
• • •
c/>L^
H^ *.>*" J&jf ^ zjum\ %jdi ouji
H. J 1
■ P
* P
?
r >
r- 1
-■*
f V,
■. i
■c
•i W* %'■ I ■
* f? I ' -■ '
iliMi
I IP »
I Pi' *
! PI - '■
■%i$l
*l §1:1
! Ml ■
iplj
! IP
■s Ml-' ■
tlfl :
4 I
f P ■!
■IS %
■ J ■.
: v .
* f in
s-3 Sfc v ■ ■
+.
t .1? ft :
as .&;
if »*[::
& ill -
11 ii'f
L
U-Vl a* iUuJ'jjte frA*}\ qJ}] j.\j] JLl, ijujull ^oH c
OaJ
ol ^ Uib <IS <U ^j jj JULiJI <^ 61 j>Vl a- l^ j*.]j\ jf
y
44
;ir
i)1i <>■ oxJ! as
1 -iii
VUi-M <JjAl! .>U)| jaJl I^jj aj, UjicL-jj l^ i ySUi j4) <J„>aJ1 l^-
y li
*i>M V'Ui* Vj^ c-5 j f l^y}] ijUiJi ol53U1 c
Ol cUr ^J eDJUj
-Uy j-jIU.V^Jc J3 ,y <J^ i^-, JU>J , i^Jc-^jy
- L , <? i ei 4 - 8 ^**
I <ijJ~Vl <U>J1 aJu o- L«
^fcJU
Jij
c^ ^^^ ****■
Z^l-A«*J
^u^i <r^ji jc ,l^ji jc .u~ <> ^jl i ^l^ji a lu '-if
fJ NANA ^1 qJ*J1
M
<j|
J»
#1
Jj o
' Mj ^ A * > " ^'j ' ^^«Ji
^^Jl ^JjJl j'jli^hSt oJ,y Jc _^ ^j^^ ^ ^^ j^
c^* J-j jJJI ^jUJI j jiii ^ jijji iu;y jt o^, ^uui i,m.,..j|
* 44
I'
US' « NAY • » jUi. jL^».
\ji\Tj i
Uiji <i>aii *uji ^ii^ jj u ,ji j s -r <ii^
! ^i j* c <JUJVb o^lj i jUUl ^UXII J ^^"vi oLU uyX^.
•A*" J J?.>VI oLkUj ^.J.yij 5JUI ilyVl oU^L. o*j <J1j ^_il! ^
L^.
^Y
f
jUiJt jjJu-^J IjUcfc-l cilaJU <^-_^Jl ^iilbj c^-^lj ♦ aJ>J1 v^L*
^LiUiJl 4jj-U1 ij
j# < ( lS:j^ &rf ) ^^
,L«sit cJU" -ulj
'S
J\JLU
in ^ftn
3~-J ill Sj #\ rj ,1 0^* < o^.^ ^ 4^
,ji!l ulj <~*^ ' k-JJ^S V^ 5
^1 ^ U^^ 4*~" * •**"
,l-*s u*>> oby ^-^
.cr^y^
1^1 .ali^sM >'qwL>^
y hy j*\j& U-jj J oJtf
J! U^o^.lT J^Ml JUjJI J-j oSU < ^ <M <> oli^-Jl iUiV v >
-^
t*
b °
^ij IjUjJI M-"J ^ ] ^-^ ^^ **>*
<o*
LJi-V^
c^M
ft
|L-i o *9 J"
1j1» ,J\ l_a*
j^i ^ji *Jii- ^> -si^yi ^ V-J
, rf ,U to ,i (Evonqhdismos) ^j^Jl c*ilc1 il ^ o^*^-'
.o^^J _^^ *-^. \^^- oljoi u^^Jl cJ-1 ^1 J-^1 ->
Jl ^jUsll ,>uJl Ji^j <~M obUi\ ^-lirlj . ^jp-ll^^ J ~ >^ ^->
1
if
ft;
5-i * '& '
Ms % .
•: a*"
•15 "IstiiK ■;t t
■W.
i
R""
I
■H
^
I
■■ l
I -Wy
Bill
Hi'
M if (
^
I
iffi-
•
!
Hi
iil
V-
!r
If i' i
l3'I ; hf.'
if ij i
■"3"L
fit-*
Sklr.s
W iff ■
^jv^ «_*cL*a*.
I^llj oUjjJIj JUJ1 S ^i3j i Aiy^ h sj^ . jajCd , ^ . g
l«***-o ^LSj Uj^t ,^ ^-lijji D ir ^ij <j U ^J| j5 U1 l«, o^l jM
<r
jjf ^U^-V c^-j jl\ AJUiJl ]^yi j^ l
■W6W | 4
X-ouV
elL-J*
d>t b^i uts,- s Jjin L u^, oir 0J3j < j ^.^ i . Ufc-v| . u ^_
j>yv
*iJL
^•ir
i\
0-141 j f *~.yi jt. tpM ^ c,,]/ r \u\ i^i aj^, -i-^ ^VjVi juu
L_^a!
,Lii
OJ-I-^Llj L"
U-lXi
<> oJ>- 4j^ owb'jJl VV ^.-i-'JS" Jj < lj-i illyMJ <JU^ 5*.Ju jr J jy
• <*^- »Ji-*>- V^- ^- cJlT aiJ . <^1_U1 ojjui, o j£j .U!j.
*y u^jj oiis- { <ju^i Sj^in ,0! ^vi jji j laic ^.jjjVi ^ jii ir
6] ^ ->^ ] ^.-^ J1 ^.j'. ^jU«j L^Jl <JiliJl UjjU. _i_,ui ijWl
uir
j
The Holy Alliance
^r-aAll — ii>J1 J l_j^ic jlJLLc L^_jj
tt
Mj'iS^JJ
Quadyuple Alliance ^ Jl <iJW« J oa5U41 v.jjjV) ^^JOI J^all
J'
> *^ ^ ( ^b Jl _iUU ) j ( ^, ^uj! j ouw , ^ £ (Y)
£f
\ei
*C) (^j-m) ^K>tfV^>^ o^4\^i Vj^V> -^ s ->->^'u k
01 gSUA alial i)U* O^J VL- 1 J l ^ ] v^ 1 ^-^ 'j-^ '—V '^l ^ e~
♦ O l ~>
j jjj« ^-i^j A\jM\ o^- 1 *-^ erf °
mj*^
;!
ajK ^
w
jjjA Q\.<xi*i,\ (>
^ UUj J>xl
IS j Ujj ^ u- *-** •=-'* *«*" J ^ «# M-P* a^> a* J < *a* jJ
>
I .,!,» JLa* ^ ^jl-* oiT c j0!\ _^Sfl oUUt J ur-JJ ^.J** J
t^Ji rV J Jjt o^ ^ j^ V^
.jLK^
4^ 9&J ^^ u^' ***i*^J
> * u
L**aI1 oVj^ U»*-£J V'^'^ 1
*jjl
o' OJ
At-i lylTj < Jjbi; 5>- Sj^JI JJLi— J^ oj>*4 y-J^ll oVj
. jyvi uui v ^ ■*•». ^1 U^i i>Wi J ^
oVLJLJl ^ U^ ^ ojlii uSUjsH jU-zi^ j V.JJJ* J^ ^ ^ V i
T
. <jl*U1 <JjaJ^ ^oUl a^ JLJl1 "^^ ^ ^^
*#
li
Aju d^>-
Ij» j^ydi J5U» ,> L«j>i*-j
>AXr o*/ »J>^ ^L^- 1 ^j- 0^ ^^^
\&*\ Cy a*J ^ ' K
u <^<
^-i u k r>
uu ^V. 1 oi o 6 oUjLAn ^^^^'^^ ^>^
A/erona
0)
jJl QA OLS— WJ*« J»=J
^. oUlj jjUMj o^y Ai1 yj < ijjll j j^i M , ^ j^}
1^.17 ob-^J1 J1 iX^Vl SOP-all
'j*J> #tji Jij >uil <uu
Oi^-r^J' <> bjjjl »J^«*r
yiiyj < Ua^j j^jb' L^,j ^i ^^^j
,[J ^ t-»>
Jl J^jJI jj^y, ^ U^ oUj j, SjU ^.^
tr'JJ <>
C J >r-j^
Jtfj oU *i i J-i^v
<^ul
*-r» >1 J ,/UJl ^1 ^ Vj ^l^l ,1^ u
tf^-U uSrtJt 4, J ^ ^ cJ«~ ^ oi* dli iu, oOj^'LiJI 01U-4I
tli 1 1, i J
M» .^ ji~ >
o
u*^.*-
u^JjjVl f iUVI JiL-jj lu-UJI vJ^i,
^^4! _
JTc^
jUiJI jjjji ^ U «!> <^ Un J/y ^ j^ ^
>J' J^
c*L-jt >US
illii^ SjjUJI i^L J^ll ^
"* "J Jj^j ^^li oJA^Vi o^,i>, lxuVj
L^jUll WuJ 1 ,lkJ
»jt jf .^ i, r^
vt>*
*^..r*.T r*» r _
W\
4sA\ 64
VI Jl>fc jUl o*M <^>- ol •**>" *k»Jj»j J^Vl JO
J ■ ' ,
jj • %5%^Jt ^ -V- 31 j 1 ^' <i ^.'.-^ ^'^- 1 eMi-CJb-lj i oUJU L^-jj
j ■
, r
- ■
;ujj < 5Ui JUJ <1 jj uUjJI <> <oiy v^ ^ * u> . i> **•»•* iP**
A - \AH J *j
i
.^ <C rv«->
#4
«/*
r
^k ^ ai jlf'^y- ^ViH a.^~ 0^1*1— J1 ilA-*
•V1 J ^>^ tf^t Jj^il ca»-jj • l^jj o-i <i^
1 ■
f -
L_ ,U^ o~ M -^ <> c/^J 1 ' o^ C U **£■" <*> * ^^ oljIJ1
Ji^
t> olijt 1
,u\m v>j o^J < UN ° Wt* j ^
.UAJM-tA
^iJUxlU <**>»
^w jl» ot*u*U* ^^5 o-* (j^J^J
b <w ^
rJ 4j^.'3 j^y^y
J
Lui L
■*-
>
1 1
'. L*
■U^jlVo^jJlj 5 ->jl' J*
j^
ttiiki oof SA>A>J!
ft* t"
+ JL
V^
ySL£l\
tt
•P "r
■as' S j -d
1 ;
\* -"I
to
'^ J>
ii? i
■M:
111 & ■ ; ■
M III. ; :
n4 I' ■ i
*.
L 1
i* \
: .
■]■;■;
■^ ' ■
3
is
i
-J-
A» oUjJl J
' U-jJ 1 Ott*- 1 -^ **i c>
4jj4ll <•
**•**.' «> c^ 71 ^y"" °^ '"^J * W» <**>.J& <HjJjVl 3-J^VI JjJdl Salt.
• OA-V _ WAV ) dJtUI ^L- lkLJl a^
* • •
:?J 9
- :■
H 1
m- bi .
&WP 1
l"
rt
•*
if:
% I) ■
t v >Jt <> .j-LsiVb villi j Ajjoll v Lji j,^ <jL^ oVjU* JU*
r
♦*<>. J^ c^J < ^L=«M =Ml J) >b jl j£^ v ^y V> J, l jL ^ ^.y ■
S-a-j ^ o-liJl OjSI.I jSljl J ( S3 ^ ^1 ) j, . ^ ^LUl f U^j dUi
J
in
r ■
I M 1
.■ w
.■ _
^j <j»jjjVt cum ^ jj ^lji pi*n j euar jnj j,ju sjj jtji f ^uij
14
*Oj«J1
o> ^ ^ ^bdl 0j ill jfli^tj ^ ^UM ^ ^ ^Vl s>ui
44
It
ojL>. ^1 -UsL-yi 45>llj < so,** i^L*. oUUrlj i±^ U&f <=r i y ^1
,> Ji^A^AiU cJlT ( U*A- WAV) iJUtll ^L- jll. ij UiJ I <JjJl L^ic
^Uj oJlT ^1 ^^idl ^L_j o.JJjVl £,LLVl 0- <M' Jli-V juixJI , r >L.Vl
v*J
**
.^
4*
jUJl
,> <^0>J
<^ tijSL^Ji <^>U-j ^Ldi ^j^j
Lf
■U-Jl o^if
^
■ ' ^TlTWrft
M^^F^E^t^-i^*--- *1l^J
* - * V
- MY
L
1 j
I
f.
• ( 4-JLJUll 3J jail ) <.Ul V^Y* ""M* <> aV>*-N C" 1> -" U "^ ^
•Vol
Ul\
J_^fc*M
cJUlt pJL- UL- >^ ,> - NA«A jyi^l Js*l joN _ J
^VV ^ cJltt wUl E j^ ^iViJV ->.>*~ aUL-.Uj • «>*» c ^y
.Uj^t j JUJI oUI J±M ob Ai oLVjII. j.oL^-J» oU>- cJtf 31 < <iUU
,Lin ,> <u£*j : *ju — *_-.
^Vl --* j/ViH j>^«
Vj i Ja* uir J, • .>* ^> *-*- ^ ^ ' c*-* ^ •*
^^Jjtt JA>J l>1 0^*i
l J 3 i]l_jxi-d\ j>^>
JL^Jl Uj*> (j^I^
jisii ^ <> U^
jb- UJUij U 1 ^- -r^°
#4
,3^1 .ij-u- <> -»UI t> ^">^J *J
\A-^ j ^^.jl C E^ 1 ^
JT JjLJu ^.^i 1 obL-^^
1
\
f
jlJiiJI j 3i-jH Ji^l
i V
<U^o, VJ 9*» V* 1 ^ ^^ cs—jJ^ J^-^ 1
t
dU; j
* **
VJ^-
i >V1 >* o^ iS^ ^ , j jJ1 u^ <-*^* J
Ull
sdl
• u^
•Sfiffi ffl i ■
*!!■■
,£ft
wi I ■
m Si.;.
•UlijJl »jjiJI cJJ^Jj < \J±J\ J obji!^
\AV<\ J <J.u
4^-jUJl »UJ1 0^ Aii i <£jd\ U»JI ^ U j^ Ji" V <J ^tl 1 UxJ | cjifj
^ o' AJ» ilj ( NANA
O^Jc
OjJ-Uii
J ' NAVV J JjY1 f jjvij! "Slul*. o.u*
) L^LiiU
J I j wiJT eUJUj oa^j o LU—J V
«u>«j ^UJl JjK ^, lkLJt ^ j^XH r uu^)l
NAt
UiV
j j c Western! Zation
5 Ui
4 A
ijjUfiV 1 ^ C^ 1 u"^ j/1 <> w-ii C>1 a* JjVl SjLyi cJlT
&i
Jh
J*
V-^» u a »-
<L.
•jJI^
- olf,
oO.
J-JL- 6^1 J Jil
NAU
fr#
<~x, J 4JU1 J± ^as
jTL-H » ^1 oUJ-Jl U* Jltlj < i^Jl ^.jjjVI j1>Jl Jc a,a>. ^ 0ij&
^IjJI Jl Ui*=j.> ^i*; J-jtj NAVi j ^jC-* <w
J
• jJL~l\ <£jj j^ j Jlj* V ulTj jj^ll <sJ3j, oji ^^t o- (N)
nt
11
i
: I"
U-b c>J ( <JU1 Sjljjj UiUH Sjljj } ^a*J( oljljjJI «> l^ofi Lilj
tt
jlh Jf i>V it <■ *WjU UJ>« j^Sl^ l^-ir p 'v> o^ V! • ^iifiVil jj^J!
' <'> ^ >^ ^ ci ^ yjf. ol o^ <J> O^J < ^
JJ »>
<>•"*?:
<>., • vib JUT j^-j Lib ^jij Lib JU JLL.1 <> iJUiJI SJjaII JUj.j*U-
• piU j!>U- V.Wfl
1
t*
o!>U»4b ^tf^l ^■yy : v L i ,i
o*.;»>ai ji4-j=b _iir joji « ,Lijjj ^kVi ^^uii » ^ »L*ai ju« jj
<-oboVi
•{ cJjj ^Ij^i ) aJ^uII t _ r O v \A"\A j JV 1 u~M' ^ C*»
J ■
\jL» ulT ^5-ii\ JUII V U1 S_^ o^t ( \An - NA'A ) ^'UJl o.^, f b1 jj
JU\ V
t*-yj JjVi.juam
u-a
>awo* **i <i ^ *i»Jun ^-liii
J
j-*U <; ob Vjll j*V jj <ilx^Vl j obV^ll SjbJ pJkx? yJliU jj*>v, jUI
i^^jJl Atu+sjSjv \y^A ( tS*xx^\ ) IJu* o^"j ' o-u-wUM obUlj &l*jL*l\j J4>J1
4*
*
^ o^ ^
in ujun iju jjuu- (N)
1
Gl
n«
' 2*4*11 <-j,jjjVI ^bUb iwai obUl aJc jji, Ub t
SUJ1 j o>J1
>£ *Lo-
e*'j» j
J^t O^J
b uT j
+ t
cT^-H J>
o* °J>^>
*¥
H ft
bi
6bi
<cL
<ba>Ji ^jbyi yjuavcjirj
yl
»*
J'j < obiyyi ou^ ^ .. ji^ij ,3>Ui :<ja\ c o^iii
I
\j~J\
ojit u ^
• JJUjIl cucUj ^ v> ^1 ^ J>L4) ^^ oL , j( ^
>fij& ^j<d
yiJta^. - *Uftj'
C^Vl^UjjJLj^!^
J
I -
a^oj j*jm
CJ\fj ijj
,-***
'*** J* j**« o
&~* O^ „lc VI yj~ J
W J«J J' -iJ — ^ <Jjt>4l
Js jv^lj < V^ilb -<JU1j Voll J*L4! jai
;ir
J • -<H«T ^ jJkl'WWI
JljH JUxi ,> ^Ull^UJJ *\>j ^ ^y^, ^^
0- J^xJ 3k«iH nU ,1
JJ
J* Od-ttU *V> otfj « iVjll j iMl jLT
u**~ 0tf Jljil 01 u* <JL^I1 iiSLill ^
;*-j J
P4
olT u J»4t jlj < ij^tU!
r
4*
1*1>I colji I
'. A ] ^"UL"
t +
b<
**
4*
^
: j& jbj Jlj, ^j SVjli
V
^ L5- ,J: ! J^«J ^
r
li
NV\
N
r
-"1
r-
ij
A
t
i
n
n
LI
if
f
■l
• « j>1 ^Jij j^l D j ^ _pu| j^^U ;_^| c~*Sj lil
c^jrl t/Jl 4-lUsn W>» Jj*? cJlT S>i ^j t ^jj, ^ ^, ^ eliUj
■r i
oU»LJt ja <jUjuii oiy^i ^k ^y^n UlJ \ys ^
c^j
»b < ( olSrfjjH ) <> lao* j^ jui < ,/UVl yi- j- c Ui» ,> ^ ^Ull
cr*
<-™i*j NAn fcu~v» j <iju^^ ^^ji ^uu <«ju. ( .ury > j ji^ji
• \AYo J ■ tr LJ> J V 4 *.^ »^-V» fSp- ,>b e ( NA\ ) ) US1\ j ^, eUU*
oj.^i. (J( i)V<ib~-Vl .,> ,«*.y obVjII oU-U c-w.lj < <, jX— Jl oUUaSyi jS\j
**
-*i>
^Jl UJlkL.
F
LhH* ^1 f*i«Jl oLLc J 4*^1j Ua» ^IDl jj^*^ j^ iiJU ^J* jl^j
#• i
* L^jL^L-I ^icj. ^ ^J ^^
^ j*-— »1j ^-M^»V1 yl» jxi -ul j ( ^Xr -uUiLolj c^^' ^^>« -M*
*#
o!
C-O,
-i Jli> o' Jt^-H
J^ az+*J jd\ \AX*\ iijjl »a*L« gjjj Jl uUbl^Jl jljk^b c.^jjl f>^'
\iv
i> c-jxil ^ oi^jj UH J VVj ^bj» J <Jlal1 ^1 «j>-11 o1>U»
•6- <J,1 J1 i,^41
<xj»lj_}f »JL«
-all
e^j r
I
-JJ1
S JL*b"/ auj J«5 jyliU j_^^ olkLJl v-' 1 *- J 1 V^. ^j**" Ml
CO»-ji « ij^l iijWl ^l J^a l^) ,_L.U- ,>
7 AJli-Vt oUaL- OatT
t^— '. ^.jj < oU«JLJ1 oUU J\ ^Aiw V V^.^J ' J*
*y i— v o'i
0* £lioD JiUiU) ^ JL-,.,1 ^> juuSIJ citfl ^1 • ( \AfT ) „- «K«. jUif.
a- 1 *- J ^jjll j*VVl v'j-^ ■*»■'
* *r »
i ^A^r j^r-^jj. w jj
<> coif <ULH .0* J J\ SjUiVl JJ^J O^J i ^jj\ J**J\ jij^j j vJUl £11
J \f~Jj i o-j-JJ <«-ljl1 !>M Ij**- 1 u- <£~" J^ •*•» u-jjl ol ^
4
uo^l > yiUiJl lkLJI o^-j*- \ji\f OiJUl ^ jJ^'Vl o' JIUjl' 0- -t^
LX; J! dUi ^1 jX)j • ba^ VJ *J| ^^ ^ <uUjlj f Ltll J ^^41 ^^oJb
I
~.V1
* jiLwur ^r iaj^ ^k s^u cjit (\)
-I
\
:?
UA
-#
.*
4
^■5
*U1 vb- 01 J-^ Sj^-Vl -u>.Uj1 JU1 as ^ ^un .ij^*^ D lkt 11 o?
ft!
J
*X>
**
. uu a^ j*^i .^jjj jjVi JusJin jlx
J ■
1
j-«" Jjl ' •JUyAl «-UC oUaJLJl >Uo1 4£jU>W*JL» SUaj
**
VI
l"
I J ■
u
4*
3J uw ^j _ <ljjJl >A-J (jXo- jU-e^ l-w> c^jt V.j^^ — »jjt olj ' ^
>U»V\
ii j^» »^>^1 <JjaJl <L,U» J-U- o^. 5 ji-*»- - ^.-5JJ 1 (> ^LUT v-Jl.
*i
\_^b J^-Vl ^ V W1 ^^ ^^^ >* Jil:;J, ^
1JL«
illb OiOll
iiisaJll
■1^1
k-^ji ovr ,> -ui ( <.-ujt J^ ) «^-j c5-i» r^ vl r^ sUJ1j J > ^ ^
, j ojSsJkJ i^ju*-^* 1
m
14 W1
jt. ^a J*j 4JjjJ1 J&y ol J_r» -4-ixJ' ^ ( Ja^Jl ) yjj
j
^ J"UsU o_^kj fi ^'4b <<j\*0*}\j <J\j^\ Cj^j^ ojj^i i JLidl t**>«
-iilj * ijJJLJt ijljjVlj <ljjJ1 iiUj u**^-"k» oULy ctjJ-wsj l^clyl ^^ilx^,
A
<Jl
#4
■o*XC <*M
* jujuII (> ^A^^j juJI ^ 3jL*U SjUJf Ja^- <>-lj c .Jj-U jly ^1 JJij»j
;J1 <> j^UJUll ( £j'^ ) uferj^ >t^ll jjL^Jl ^L^JI jJU- *ui
3^oM
v*
-VI oUi>Jl jj» <^jUdl V.j-)jV1 ojUA?J! yJL-t ojU.^1 djj ^U3I
» jbjJ <ij^ J -Ltfli ijUU 1>-m^c ulf jOL^yi U* J^ J^j" 0^ V 1 ^*^
./
i-T JL
AJ
LU
r
* JUJ1 ^Ut (j <c_5*^-o SJf ^U* o^ ii-^l S. Canning ^jjIT ^jAj^x
1
4jjjJ\ '<L
'J J* Cj
£4)A*J1 £^L*Vl aTj>- Ou'lS" Jjil <*»U <>J 4 o-^jJ 1 J**"" f ^' J>o-u<all <JUiJI
UU^J oi^ci ^zllj \AVA J Sb_^U OUJ ikl *j^L~> S^U^j <; <I Jh dl J <Jlk> ^Jl
'ji*
*7 3.JL^*J1 SJjjJl *lj»-i ^y p^>- jl j •j*^ »^>-U11 <>- iJliwjJl 4}jjA\
* 4b.- w > *J»-l>c-o A^j^vi jJjLLj (J ^ jj 4o J.4J j <aj-jI?-j *LJp-b Sjl^j'j bljC-^lj
a^\^^ ^lc -u-^-Vl ,j-j141j ^juJLjJI oULwjVl
(
*
\
ol^Jl cUi* j^l>i <i t y <^jUv» oU-ilu>Vl o-^ oh}>-1j j>:AJ1 J^b Jj
li
It *♦
I : *Uix>=-<) <\.*~j&Ja* oi*-^*-aC l$*j jjUtXi' jjXJI
. r
w
'
__ Oil oUU-dl o-5j ^i J-r Jj J1./J1 JL-A J ^jU JL> Ju
£* JULJjVI <> Ley oa>1 <JUjUH *J>Ul J iUc^l oU5iU oUUj ^ o?
I
*
»\jt\ r iiJ I4UJ oUM^Vlj oLJiLutM oJU ^jjjV? JjaJl .-.U.y-lj
IS I <JUjA\ <J>»J! J eUyiCn <,}+*. Jl L«J^i c
aii • L^jl- <J_jjJ1 ^1^*1 y
JiJ>
Jl \&ja\j Lulk.y ^^ ijf *^ < u-S'jjJjVI ^„U*- Jl L«.jj
4«
**
«
J<r n WlCM j\ <SjJSi) ^JUfll
t+
•^ u^'C)^^" S jO*"j fL-AJl <> <j-
Jc ( Jc -U*«) cLijIJJjVl
A
; >rt u& <J <^jN AS N Ji. <JUJf JU^-J^ _« J Ub ju-Aj Jj^J ^
ailJll!
J~i oJtf* l$Jl
^'^.J oUkuiJ <j«bUl Lw.jj ^j, JjliJIj • c.
V^lj UfiU.1 jJUj o>» *V JtrfJl »i* J ^y j/j\ 0' u* ( oLkdl 0*311 )
coUu-l ^ £ Lib j^j Jj £ -u, bu> V-M^yl V^l c**5 y Jl». j] J*
P '!
C^^ ) ^AO J 0UaJ -^i AAC U^Jj * oU^j l^.^.fl.Vj -tTjJ Jaii u-^ij <^^UaVl
1 J
Ljdlj ^jlJ^JJ 4jVj JT ^ objAJ^
^JJ\ ( *UjoJ\ ^j>J^
j^l
OUaJLJl.j JL: -U^a ^ ^\^dl ck-* 1 ^" ^^ O 5 ^ 0)
• ( ^*U1 Vm ^J1 ^jU ) U,Uf
tfj J^V o^'Li-M l*> (-15 ^1 JjV! <JjUll ^ o-U oolTj c
1
j j-ilc^Vt
'<> oh ^UcVl <i«*». jw cuiT aJjUJI of j^u «jQj «
lj ^-iUsVI J obVJH
>r*J
Vr^ ^ r*>j^ ^ v^J \jP~* {j ^* i < ,**j>3 <LJU o>j* V IjJlT I
<i^« J SjoJidl <iUj J1 JUl V UI jlcj £ £Ls>.5U ^"U. dJi-jlXi • U^i
<r
cJlT ( \A"\\ - UV<\ ) • ju»m j^c olkLJl L^i ^ ^i SjjiJt JiU-j
yjkUdl ^oJI J Lvb^ -U-LJ < L>" 4*j,JbJ1 J\jJi\ li\f
It
I" j <k^U c iL^Vi
ijt *>J1 oljblj i LiiJI ^-jUUj c «^U- U^^Ut o^ • iiUj a*.
u^
' J^-H) <>Vl <iL- j JJdl ju Ji. U*J1 oUa>J1j £ V-^l oLLjJlj
^ ^^r 01 <-*1jll ^ c,U ^ j~Jl U* ,> >-j j^Vl o
1
• f^i vj>- W^ l^'j j^ cr*w o^i J v 1 *^ 1 <ij?-*Ji c*e)j.
J>d| L^J csCjl
AS
jsi\ i*>*l\ VJ ^| dJ; ^ SJb»|_, f< ^ii ^^ ^^-j
: >. L-j Lj-J) o^i ^i v-^V JA^' •>-»*«' o f <^.u
o>j • ^i Jill ibt S>L)b jll^l ^U < JLLJ1 ^^zUl ^k jj^Jij
dlC Jh^J, j] hj[^_ ^.iU .LjUi 4 ojboJ.1 obj^l
<j-°
ir
• v^iW J^JL ^.^Jl JL^bU i^nj\ 3 zuijj J—jllj <Jj>u5L>.VI
<.
1
wt
^a — * Ji*-> U^Li» L-J^ij Ljlki^ ^1 ^j i <aU^^ L <jj Jti <$>-,> c*itf Uu-»
U«Jj * JiUii ^ j1>t-4> U-Jj aU1 ^ o^ Vitu.y ^ JjJi\ o#fM f _*M-
iJUiJI iJ^iH jUV V 1 *^ ^J^l ^^ *> L 1 *^ <~*V-> Vy%^ ^.^
•flfel*
: ^U-^^i j*
r
»jl»
it
i^.
*i
V*L>W1 vJj >J1 ^' ^ *>" J^ V-Jj ^*
■i
s ^*»b ^
1
VJ _r_*JI J* ^jj J^oH Jf\ _ V jJbUJI vJj*^ ^
Ua^
t*
JJ
li
1
^^-waL^iJ^ ^^aJL* * LgjU-cJ ^> (ja^-J.j ^ - J-J^^ i T *_5*-J- ut^-5 U^Uxjj <JLaU1 i_jj*-^J!
UJi\ J\ KJi ^Jy^JI c^jlS J
rJ O^ i_r-
a«11
il
■Vi cuir u^j
-• • c> *.
«m Oion ^b ^^r ^^ j\ jj>^j ^i^jvi
vvr
<^ c
^
J&\ UU^ ^sH <i*Jl »iUi y vj»*ii jsiUl ywJI 6^
V U\ -U-- j33j < Lib i\\i Jliu-1 iUij • <~*flJ-* 0* ^L.1 Jl ,^
eUOJ
LiU
Jt L -jj f UjV J-LiU Jl V^-jJ^ V*""^ J^t^Vl o*^b ' ^^
t ^UJl e-XCjJ ^J-J j^z^a}\ j-U yJLc ixjV 4- ' OJUL-Oi' L» 0^-r^i
r J*-J> U* J^ fLilb L^y ^>'» > U««y. cu^j 3^V» j^J» u" ^>-*
i
SVi
KS>
i\
^VutkUJV V uU- ,J\ j^Ji\ jlJ> VJ »- (j J>an oj^ii jjLAJl Jjoll
(«jl _ <^y- 4~>.1J1 ^ <^J>J1 JjjJI -UT viUJL. cJWj • ( NAo£ j)iT
1 ■ *
-j'jij^ ot>at jijii s^Sj uuir _ j^^-l^- j ^jji j>~.Vi j^) *-
+
,*UWI (joJ o^* <3>W1 j*" ol ^k Jjut ou'15* p^t J 4^u-*a^J1 ^ Ajj^J^V!^
fc**U-
#*
xi <ujlj £-»'l*i-V'J1 B >* , V Jj-^w*L^ J
^i^Lt UjsJhc
^J\ wL*»Vl ■ cJ If ^- jbL<* Jl Jj,«ajH ft»1 ujUI o**xi Sj i^>- J^j*\ VAo*t
i ' *
• C
-uJI O.
Mi'
\
-ji
't-' 'fr p
r .
o
M
V >1I^>^1
n 1
j%
o- •«„*«»
^ JLwJjiM *jlijd1-ttt 6 >tf-._Ws*l _ Y
f -*., -'-
* H _ h
^
■** *
^j^j^I.^-^Um^JV^J bbjji
h
4
r. *
1 _ h
h r
II
1 p ,. * . T
I 4
h
jjk 4j t j\ ^41 JjjJl ^ £U* *U* j^5j \A # "\ J <j"kA> J ^ ^> J-?
t +
: <Jl
all
VI
P\
\ t
i ' ■ +
■
♦ <LiUiJl <l jail J\ o"jb 5jkl
Y
r
i
r h
^u-Vi uu <>j .( ^-ujr Jr^ ) <> isaj IcUji _^ri c >l^^ u**ij u^v;^. ^
h
H
•LjiU- v JUJ-^ oJL*»1 ^^ V*>v^ <T^1 JUj^
^4
l. c 5UiVt-yj^ o'Jp^J
Jt'
m
I
Wo
i <i*^c Sju*j *Jla*t ob oliLijJ I4 ,» At pill t^j* J^U- o>u-> ali * <*&*!! ^
j^UxM Uc alj ^j * ( ^Wf ^ ) J jjj ul ^ u ly'iWl J**Ji aH
t*
j£ Oi^ 1 J^"J V 7 ^-* ajj*jj *JU J& A^J 2 -^ y^'b <-=>>^^ ^U^ JX-A*
4-JUJU • Ig^JUw y^u^- AcU^ JT ASsJu'i. S^U^ bjjj ^ JawJiU* ^
cJ^l ^JU JI^W Jj^j^*ic oL*-1jj oUjsJI (/-oU Ui^^jLi ^ o>*>-
j *
ijS j*U*ll Ja>Jl g-* ^l-zr V.^ 5 o13L^.l <> ^.aJ o^ U»
SJjjJl ^^-^ yoU- Jl > a , ft V . ,» <^jj/i\ JjuJI ul <> oUSUJl o>Xxi1j
^iJl fL_k4\ dUi £ V-r-^l^. -^^ c u^ 3 ^ r^'J ^ W1 r^ 1 ^ ;1 J 0^ >^J
• oUJ <^» ^Ui ji ji v >U f Ik; o^ J jJ= Aii c j^. W-v J^J'
g^41 c
j^xJl <^,A.;vJl {jJ\jj&\ ^a ic^o>=^ (j*^U^J\ Ja^ll a^j oja^a-j.
: L
^o,jis ] o ^jL) (J L-»^jJ 1
• \Ali cWjll oy^
V
Y
NA^V- NA1- ^jl^Jlj <JU^1 Oe^' ^JH'"- - ^
—ij j^-i. <^bVi ;uji ^^ j*^ aior , juai o/^ui pV> ^j
c/^j^ 1 £;■*>•'«> ^."^ J u £^V V*- 1 ' ^jWl j~^ oUV>M UjH'li W
^Uij o>'^ll ■ iJ *- •*■*•» • <JjJJU l$c_j~a^ -uTlfj 4^Ux>-Vb 5j.iLMaaSVIj ^U^L^Jt
^Jsh^. pl_^c1 v Uxj| aJu,>j ^VjJl (>k>* «> °J^3 JW oL^Uo^-lj SjbV!
oUiUȴt Jj ,**:>* Jjp .1 Sjb} <j JUVl i)l^ o^UJI Id* >-iU*1 <> uU"j JLVjJl
A^UL-H V"^<~11 ol^iM ^>. -**~y 0>*L5 e^j >~«J1 > ^'b ' Ul*-1 "S>.^j^
JL
*i V _,cj f UAH oU-^j Jl^Jt ^'UjXcj O^H 1 A/^'j V*^ 1 «i«UsH
• LjUIj 'ij^jj) j^U— j J^UVl iiyj Vv.jJ'
r
• • •
WA O-Jrf J*s**3 *JWWI 4)>*JI
( ^^LVl^tJI U /» )
i
^j VJj pJi jjs ( \avi - \a*u ) &y&\ ±± oUaJuJ^ 04c lt
<svr oJir a • ^jxn £>n 0- »jj
i» S^i otf* <j"1 V^ * <i^L^1 Sy$£- {J *Ss. -k
J*ic_^Vl jfc <J ^ ^^ «> ^ «^U^ l> J^x>Ji
Ojc^j <o"
"
*s
VL> o 1 ^*' ^^J ^.-r* <3J ' ^>^V^ J-»J1 J jsL-iU oS^ -ui
lOJl
:' ■ " ' . . ■ ' *
cJlTj JjtiiljrtU O^'^ 1 <J^' U ^ J1 5jb "J JUXs-1 Jl clkar o^ jJl «=*»'U*J
(
41 M
ii 00/ U
^U ^j r VSai ^J <i^ i uUjil) o^' J WL, .J ^' jb .^ Sji^ J •^i*^
• «L> »i i^UjJl *-• ^\>cJV\
+t
UI*jY\
jiH
^ Ll* V JJJ1 vJbfl\ o^kj 4 j^Js a^J>i' J^ 1 ^j-^VI
tl
j>l»i ,y
/^JL-U ^^ <> ^ *•** O^r 11 J 1 ^r
juT jI-uI o_y£~ -
;_ /va JJ\ JxL^dl <Jj>J) ^.jUL. j-ii o->
,l\
JSJl
,>ouai ^ f u-in JVj * V.-T-" ^-^ J > <>
r»>
jtU^ ^ Jj CrdJ^-?
^j
M
b
A*
W1
M
a»- J la* oWj • l*«ii» 30««u. ijUl WoT pUl. UU J JUI1 u Ul
• L^jj i^Uj j^| jjjji ^^ V _x- J olkLJI Jc i^- ^ >•
<^ -^Ulz-auJI J
'"■ ^ ^ UVY J ^ V^ c-^LS iUij
Jl Sj*>. jjj <> c^ibcy ^xJl U^jj Ujjl -u/j obL^*!1
4*
IT
** . it
I
ijy cJ^i! \AVo jjtJL^Jl - V-J^JI yj»J1 <-> 034^ VAVN J oj^Vl
M
iVi
4*
jYI c^ <^|^ ^ Uj^c oV'1 43 <JUi*ll <^1 cU *l oils'
^
ur.
\
u-°
£>-b < U>'j^ ^ <> Uj^ ^^ ^i£, oaj^j
^^i j jMJI J^i jJUi ji^Jl juc J
^ ^j^ Jl - UL)
4«
-U (*4^1j
**
J ] j\
1-U
Lit;
t«
» v^ 11 o^cl Jl L-jj
I UJii ♦ j a^v-*All
^
\A
h, ^ViLlI J Sjj^l J) SjaM ju*3j LjJ -3Ujjs--jJI <T>Jl JU ^^JLd ^JUi-H
c*)jJ*» (Uil>) ^ oJU>j ySa- <*f tJ r- olljL^M <y^jj\ J^ j-»Jl cO^y-bio^- 1 --^
##■
M
*Jl
14
^ <JUt»» o\>U1 U-lc o*3t^ jL<a*J1 V^JJ 1 ' oljiil L^k
fr£JL+« l-g a J 4j\^*V^ <*-^»LJl
• I
b <■ NAVA JjVl o^^
>. J <J
+ 4
* ( ^AVY ) ^ujuji oikLJi
■ _ 4 ■
• Vj ^ J
^bj^Vl j>^ j> £>« (> V^ 31 ^^^
\
r
r
£
,_Jb^> — bjUL ol ^ y^^ 1 1 — »a*U« ^ cuJfy ^1 SjJa>Jl ^^Ji O^
LJ1 ob < oUIU'LJllu^ Jii '<vrj «> ^.^ '^-^^ <^>~~*\ - lj-jJ ] -^
v ^ ^n jjkar j^Vl culfj • aSWI J L**aN <;15C **« j^l o^LUl J ^jjJI
HJUJUJ1 *J «oM ot A— 4-JLiJI UjjJl ^L^*- Jb ^jjjjVI oilCJdl i^ j*sy
SoJL. J* l^iUC *A* 3j ( j**Jj. l*-*L«a31 ^^XJ^ Jjoll ^ Jja' ok -^ °^=r
J*.
I illy VI *bT V <^** ] ^ ] NAVA ^-^ -^'> -*" u- 1 *-^ 1A * ^^
«»
4j ^ ^j o^U\ obi j* J< oLJ»jU11 CHii'lj t «ali-M J^ ^.^*" ^^"J
J^^ Jfc
44
I:
1 !
i I'
I ■. Jfl I
: r
i .
t E
y ■
■I
<y,\i> ^yij
U, c**J ( 4JLAJI ) e -U ^ Uj ^ ^j, ^^ 4 ^^
Ulb ^j ,. L^jJl Sjb^ o»rf JL-^lj ^u-^Jl c*w»jj < ,/jsM ,*£*)! c^
• OJu^. y^ jl j
f)l Jb ^Vl oVUtfl cuiir Uu, /I; ^>' 0JJ uj^Jl o^ ^J < 0-vV\j
c^^j'
0^ ol^ i)U* co-15" J, < U^ h*j] ^^j c ^, ^ 6 , ^j j-^, oJ __,
♦ J^JI J*l J J^J! J*| Sj-Ji. ^Vb jl/Vl jft o1
^' U1 vJi ^ oiu«ju x^ uu^, jl,Uj v.j^Vi Jjuji jr c^Aijj
l if' ^ ./> 0' I '** : *ViUL| jJ.a^Jlj • o
r!
■-
• IfsJL^w £* tl : ^Ju^> 1jj» o^" UU» clojyl Vfi^Ai)jJ t VI^
• * •
IT"
■i
ii;
t-
^ i ■ ■
F i
* j
it 1 h !
Vi J ^
, L
,.
• \AA\ j L4XI&.I (V)
ft U**
llu*-i o 1 £*^ r> (^ )
; .1. ^ ii ( ^
NAV
^11 -Jljj '^jjj\ °y Jl l^L>. <>.U. J-AJl iljJU' (^Li-H JLkLJI o 1 ^ ■**•
J plkLJ^ o^J ' u-J^ c. 1 -^
*4
* t *
^Jl ^J3\ «J>J] eUr y^ci oj^
**J1 -uUj^ <> ^1 lulu J I*, l >^^. ol aJ*^. .j^T <Jj3 Jl ^U
J Aj'0>-ji J,joJl l^llc^o J£ .t^'j l^'a^j a** O^kcj o*j ai LoUl c*ilTj
c*>tf* V 1 * ^UIJ °^ ^^ oJlTc Jl^lj L5y j ^U ^^j *JUi*J1 il^JI
**
^ Ui*U ' <l >aJ 1 J 1*1 VU^ *w <£lu^Jl oJu& cJtfj ijUsu jJI oULluJI L^JUj-
LJUV l/yj olj^tf-^U ,>— 1 Jb Uujy j LJIH/ ojk*- Uj,; lS^, a>
r
%
•%.
colj * <y
>li!1
Jo
«•
4
i
J
JjjJI ^1,^11 Jj. \*>: c5>- u-J ^J^.
dl)j>. J 4 Js - - 1 "*- £.J-^ 0V 1>ij
• Uc ij2u J& ol Ll. ^jfl»J <-\* <i-ai .y^Vl tJj^b ^^^ iJu ^ J .
• * •
&*& < J*~*ojL) i
i£ j^tJI o>a» JM>
-*
t
'. \
v»\il\ 0j X\ >!jt J VU-M ^ yM j bjjjf j jjJ- j>" ^
VI £ l*V1
« U J'^'LUl oVT 5jb1 J jUcJl f |ais_-1 jjlj i IjsJUji J
Jl ,0j UJ <J"iU^y\ Jlj-.SH Jl ^cL-dl ^isiVl Ji; <t^ yJkr j;aj\ ■
f IjAaJ SJ3 c^—1 eAlJJj « Sajj»Jl oUk41 3*^ ^ Sj^U iLcU^JI ji^Jlj ,
<U51J1 SjziJl J W ^ly a; ljxijjlj j^l j, <bL4l SjU^I ^ utf ^^
jkill jo-ai o^^l o^l 1j i^U ^ c — Lall J'ljij ^ ,>LL1I JUl >ljl j, -.
JiVVl *V>j < ijX—ll oVWI J >LiJ UU^VIj ^jl^llj JU-UJ1 oVUll
^^ ** * «*^ ****** ■
Jlj >^5 cJ j J ao^J I j lyi*j1 ^ ^jjyj ^Jl^ Ci^i l>1 JU < ^J -r J*
• u—141 cJ jll J ljd*J| JI 4j.4*jJ\ JJU.jl.lb V—jN oU-lfll J^jr ol
(ZJUJI ^-> n u-'-> Jd> 01 pjj a- L.JJ jJkiSU ai> o-iLT j^Vl «JL* jT
i .ill <UJ( JU
u-b Ji> v^' J' J^'Vl jcuj cJlf jJI ^U-'
M 1 J^ <^.> <lj*JI <UJ
#4
(j^Jl JjJ ( Jc
tt
ijaIij 9tlL.aH
-?*^ J '- J > J . u5Vi'
i^j ^.>J! <U^J| eUx J^ SjUJl oUU .uJ JJi^IJ ,U1 ( > o^uT oLJ
t*
<>^l s jU,J1 ^^j £ *f
<^i-Jl ^> IjuT Ij^- Jjuaj luMiill
ttV-'^l^t^^V^^-PT^':*^-* J **r.^ *»■■** ****"*- *■
:1V
■0-
- U"\
<*
**-» yoVl O^OJl Jl S>. ^JiVVI f Ut J\J\j jJ«Vl J
Uaj 1 O-^bjI J
<-.U <L^ ( Ja^jall j*J& ,JjJSl\ ^^1 ) cJLLJUIj
j.UAa-1 j b^ £_b*4 J\ y^ t/U-iji f^ ^j> -V uj** ^AHc^l ^ j
»5>t V.JJJ 1 ^ U^ Ol Jt? JJU4JI Ja**J.b ^Vl j*J1^ Ji^yll J >1jJl
j1 u^J* 11 Oi-i
At 'i> jJcu'Vl 4-»_5&>Jl OjSa*^- Li Ijl jJbciVl <de J-^>=J.
j,si\ j~J\j> j*\\ s^\j J~>=U j*^ J >»*" c^a>c^\ U \ib ' ^^
I l
♦ ^x^n Jo^Jiij ^.^ji ©^j
oi 3 . a oL»Uj'V1
i)\JuL^ f ,-^W >^ 0*^1 UT 4 bjjjb b^ 1 OrfJ < ^'^.JT 11 ->.*•" <*.
H-^V
4*
* l5
r ^d) /^aJi (>^'
t«
Lfl/i
'*i*
-r ) • ^^.^^-V\
^,^\ j^i ^\ J\ j— «y iu^LJI J-^. Ji«Jb t^^V* 1 Of. ^j^ J -^
^>»j\ <>e. vj^ 1
i£ja»J ljO JjU
U3_^, lT U >c ^ic W*i (j-'^^
J^V^ ^-1^ j «Ui W-Ji ui-J^ ^ -w Ji>Jl Jj ' ,y^^ t^ 51 -^ U,J
_U5a!l
t4
U"
j\^}\ oi^s3i j-ri j^ J^ V^
) ♦ L5 *-*>J^^
uv
• cJUJi ,uji ^b &> - N
• ^.jJt ^1 __ ji^ji _ UAll £> _ v
UU* ,1 ^11 y-ljj ^. J»J. 01 VI < i)li jl jj^yi u* a,j, . a
>l l^uu o^i Je.> Jfc U. . j>j, oib ^ ^1 ^^ ,^
J«J 5L.Ucu l*j -i.
oy-^'j*- a ^^ D ir_j . <jj,^,
^
Oe J *JJ Enterpize j,^vi ^1 1^ jjy i^ 6 ~j
\
+ 1
i*
«t
:>Ji u* ol jL^i ,> ^uj, ,uji ^ b j,> jx u^jb i^^-
« A
ui
r !j^u-l Jl Ojk.il i* L^j J>U 5>U1 i Jl eUi ^j (^)
\AA
-u. ( Jl^JI jl j^ ^ ) J&\ J^\ jvj, J\ jlkiVl cJxb ol L-*^ Otf
JijU ^UMj ol^l Ji>J Os*Un of. J**"" f-***'
O^ill (j^» JjV\ £> t ^\ J^>- ./-a* j1 J^ PTJ!. 1~*-*J .7"^ IjLoflil <£^^j u^-w*SJ # ^r^^ 9
u*l
>
u^
j p&JI ^J" fj\ -u^> £M\ Jlc o*j^ ^*£>. c^ oJiT \A£A J' NA* o
t OllaJLu J| 4jtf v-"*^ 1 . Ob < f&Jt J <A*3l C*Jt£ o' £U*£—b < lir^ y— JSJl *Lxj
O^j
Jl Jlj C <^Jj^i\ *j n j >J1
- J* ^« £->^ <*£>-
\
oi^ll jj^ii j o^"j
J
V* ^_^J1 ^Jl >■ J* ViUO, ^
JLA>»A
* yWi J .<~i ob <jr uij jiiAii
£-U.l oj iill ^> JjVl <i*U)1 J>U- ^^T aWI <uk oJly -ui Jl^l L.1
\
#4
i)l
4
— o..Ly Jl tiJUj ipU l4>. 4>cJU oL» ^j Ja^>41 ^» S^l^ oijiU J=rb^ obij^.
• lAiU ^U co'lT <k^l oULi; \ J\ U* * S>^J1 o^UJI J
* ^
Jiii
Hoskins, British Routes to India PP. 88
98
^\^\ >\*.J\ ^b Jf.> t> 3Le-Vl J ^ ^jj^ c^! j>1 ^i^> i)U*j
Hughlindsay ^L^wuJj^^ y> jjA Sj»-b o^li jlki-Vb aJ ja>=^j ^J.J15Cx31 4k* U
aJLJI JLo»
•■ *• 7 . »t
^ o^k^ ^u_^>- ^ 3oji ^,>^
■■-iHifi^a
\A\
,» Q ' ■■■fc. n
^ (i, ( un ) aj U , ^ > ^ eJ>! olkLJ1 , ^ ^ Ub
ft
j ii
J^- J>«t jL^J S^j| ^^ Lj- < n Uv , j ^
^ V alfc h>fj o ^ iJU cl, J JU
IJL&
,1 <J^i)
'U-* 11 Ji> er^. - Ojt~*m\ ijjJ^ j ^
('} ±J *M
Aj\
( \A1V_ U\- )iila^j ( UV _ \A-A) J^l UJ- ^ 0)
• ( UU- NAAV )
. £> LJlJ^aill . jUi, Jl_, Lit, jjk : j^' . ^ ; j^.j ^ y>
C. Aitchison, Acollection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanadsvr j
Relating to India Reute Said : Said Bin Sulton .
■-I
N
£}■"
&
\\
&*j\ J* ^cU- L^j * ( \AXV ) -tfj&J *>>jJJ ^^ ^,> <> jiU. jLJ f\>S
fJjflLi
r j^j — (5^ *&-
<*JL>- ^| Jl^vU 1JL* (J r-O* <U*J*1
#1
\$&\ *U;yl tj^i; J ^J^QU j*x*AS r^ of.j^ ..p-Vl y> W>^ otf — Malcolm
<JjflL.
ajoj £ (jjj jUt IJbJb ,j ^ju^v-3 <i-wfl>- ^>-l^. f!*A>*U^ (j^U-wl (_J^ f^, Lcj^^vi-*
1
<_^l» i)_p- j&- *j\z#f>** j (JjQ^ oj=r j^~^ ^ ^j < t.^-^ 1 ,Jjfi ^-J** 1 oJ-J
U
\JL* ej0 i- J ^jj t L^s^Sj VJ Udl viUy <> ¥>- U>' ^ NAV * f U ^
jj-^^
•^.^ J1 J
JLJ ^-ij-Jlj jU» Of. eyj 5 ^ ^ jUc) . j2 ^ f , • A;ic ^ , J 1 - jA «. U ?—
• ^
i*»
(j^ojy^J^ >^ai!lj o-^-J O-^J ^^^ <i(^)
Hoekina, British Rerites:, PP. 104
105.
(Y)
J
jl j^ J«*i ^ ^^ J 1 o^^Jj^. 0- J*^. > , >r J, -^ aU" (U
• ij .4iC
■f.J
-*-^
^^
u\
( N )<*
<r^i
Oi^i — ai ,v> ^1 ^ ^ . i^ ^ 3^, 0>c u ^^^^^ Vli ^
' "^ J ^-^ c^^l J/>" >! j*j J. Taylor ^ . , j „,,^_ .
T. Waghorn Oj^'ij ^Ly _ v
( \ArA_ \\f( )
1
i L
i
r
r
i
jij 4 — ^ij ^^a ^ JIc;m jj ^^_ ^ d1 ^ ^. ^ u ^ olcj ^ il)
J>L^ SUaM ^ U a5 JIjJi j,> 015-j • ( 4^1 - ^1 ^1 _ 1>J1
HoskLns, op. cit, P. 109— 111.
: 0)
4
3
"L
"I
i
i
v— oi> j >»jJi f u^u-i ^^. su, ^ _^vi jji j jjjr u ^ er ir
L .r- ^tf* ^r.-ir.r
f
^
r
i?
i
r
^
:*
I!
L
<■
■£
*
5
T
)
m
■+ n
■ r
UUmjJ <y"l*-" J// - R - Ta V |OT -A 1 °-r!J->" d >fJ ° 1 *t* ^ V UjJ
M
^.-5 J
M ^j - .Jj a-^r oi«r t/11 JA*-" 0- L>U **l* u»U" - ^ J
^1 Sjtf y^u «JU- cJlT Jlj-H <— ol ^J *-M c^.j olj-H Jl .M - A*
Jcj . v >Ib Jj^l Oti" tf- r- ^ jS" ^^ *i\> ^. V J&£» ^ ILWall
^\ auI. l^U^ J*c ikU b_. o^jp-^ u-jW iS^J
JLijLXJ
llajbi
■ t
*Jb-
ji^t j jwj >u sk-i* u jjj^j -k^^ii >ju ^ j« j* jin ^ t^ 1
« <j~*^- 5) ^ 1
1*
W -
U-J1 J-Jb jjWsJI J~N E jiUi o' V^» ol^j • lS^j-IV
. ( \AV\ - NAM ) A^. Jlj Lib ajU. jLJ. u-t- J^'^ "^ ' ^-J 51 a^" J
^
>
tJ-r^ iJ ] ^^ Waghorn, 6jj^=rij <~JU>.
Buckingham
Heude
(0
(v)
, ub ijb : jljJ .i >;l (r)
. A UI jj-^i to
m
+ f
r
i oU; l«-U <~jJ4\ SJiO-Jt oUj^l ^ ^.JJ^VI <,j&Ji
>•
* <?. jJ^Vlj <ij-llj hMj\ tj\J,\ ^ Ui^» J,>i J ^I^Jl.
F
;ir l
: oljjkdl oi* ^Ij ^Icj
V
• ^ -^ C ^ Vl u»J ^ oUWI «> >Jh cUkdl JU,jV ^o
*xJl f U <^^ c^^\ ^A\ Jl^lj 3,4^, Jjf _j, ol ^^j
li_4Jj , c^^ ^! J oUkll ^Jj- ^ ^ ^^ ^Vl J^lj a^JU
o^_ J :
J^ ,Li,M J^.1 ^ V^.jJl 4-jJiJI ^k jJr olT^
jVS"
J °' J=r' <> li^HJ cf-^-^JI ^> .Li ^ 0J LdJ <j_>jll5C^V1j 6jwJ
-z.
<k^.| c) 4jU <<L^fiJ -U >J|a iL-flU- 4jLaj
I -oil
T
Jfal JJt
4V
m
o^jMAr. o* *ij*i >'»>*" JMa-v 1+^. oj^-i ^<viUj v c^i j ^i>n
U«i 5Ui oUiJtj J^_j41 _>»cJ1 J >1^J1 f U^-L
* 4
Jit V-" 1 -^ *•*** i$j*fc*Yl f UH jljll lS-j . ^j^i S^ j^j ,-j
* <*^o^iJ1 oLLUull a JL*
\>
iJ*J ^.j^ 1
U
( YAYY
1
»* -~V _#*
;tfj
C?
,M9
*#
_*•
iir
^
UiJI otkLJ 1 Ju* s*v> J^ pUJuVl <>
4V
L^jj oJio i\>3 U* J^ j -u^^ JT ^jJ^Yl ^V.^ ^V
UaJUll ^ U»jj j^J> Atf ^^ ' _r—J V 1 ^' '^-^
o*
JLiLidl <! >J1 cJ~ ^ < 0) ^AYY ^- <J5^ jV£^ Sa.\« ^Ui-N
> c^ W
U ' <-
^*
U^Jl o^i- - VJ^'VI >i <*=rj
#*
oljJl jUJI J^^,^l je \y\&. J u-J^H ob ' a 5 ^
**
US'
.^23
1 Jl
L*
-c-*J
*K
)>^ Uo^r u^JI ^'j ^Ukdl J V^' d^ 1 o^^ ^Lcj^-
• *
U;:.,V| , JUU1 O 1 ^^- 51 U» ^-^ V 1 " V^^ ^^^
r
Ig^s o^ai Jaj) * li-r-^^ Cr^-^
Near
Committee
ords Persia and Persian Gulf, Vol. 51, pp. 357-S90; March 17,
1834; Ibid; Vol. 50 pp. 193-
erston; July 5, 1839.
78/371: Werry
»f
"J"r>_ . ■ -l'.'
m
i>
u*
>0>
f l*J <_r"
I
-i»*»
1 ^ l^U* 4jjJbjJV1 -<*j£>Jt
It
I- •.
**dj* <> *J>~il >- ol jV*i c> V.jJ'' 5 ji>ii V^ 0-j V.j>-
-;,
* V-JJ j**** cf <*f" ^~* j[S: ^- *- UiUl -^ •*** <> J UL >j <■ tyUi-Jl JlkLJI
r ,
L
'1
"J-
i* 5 ** 1 urt> Si*o^ °-^-jJ Jr^ dlj . -« jU 1J* <4j-J*sVI *-j£>Jl
**
I Jxw-jVl o^fsill (j IfiLu^
u-r:
-k^JUJ Jc J*J1 ^ ot>Jl > J ^jr^U f 1o>^l, L,J ^^ UUy j-L^j j*
cJi" ^ < jj>Jl *>UJ1 J! ^.J^. 0~~*~» «> 0/*" <!*> u-1j <> Chesney
; J,
jJI -41 ibWj ^yji li* jU-.l ^ijjij
78/245
I
^Jllll UiJ
JJ>cXJl Jij
4i
j-»11 >^vi <jJC
• t*
^
■ I
!
- > v\
'J
t
**
\ u&* ot j^l i>* ulTj < jl
1 jltiV ^U—lj 4**1>A>
*+
v.
ua
-11 J »>U» cult ,>53j c jtjijlsJl eUi J ii*Jl c^\ >Uij « \AfV/A'/,\'\
Vb
*IV
->. J ^.r-Uj V 1 **-" .A**" u*> V*>^ <*>* ^.9 Lo^J
>AYV
*-*
Si^JawM Sa^U ol^Jl ^^i 1JlO>j • ^ J\ £\jA\ fU-Jul ^U j1jwu*V1
* 0)
<J* (i^oll cA^ <^JjJ^\ lA>.V?^ *^+*J J^^ j^^ 1 ^ c^ Jl*J1 jo^-ulj
„Ut J JUjJtwVl <»JL41 *o*Jl Sjii! 51 j; ooLT 5j^.1j s>-b lac L-J U\_^J! „UU
^ ^_^J1 d^ cy' 1 ^.^ 1 f-^ 1 a- 1 ^ «i Hobbhous© ^^^ J=r j*-*" J A ^
u^i jb v <uu v,^ . ^> :J, ^.j 1 -? j*-^ c 1 ^ ^^^ ^ o' ^V 1 <i
j
oJlT ^^ ^ JijtJl ol Ld ar^. la* j * j*^Vl ^Jlj j— ^ i3»>J1 f Uv^^l ,> •
JL>J1 aiJl ol t5ji o^ Hoskins yX^-j* ot ^- • j*UJVl ^aj ^LLiiVl U3b <1
' ( T ) j** J^.> flaAJU-1 ^ culkc Ujil ^* otyJI *i-> Jl <rj?. cSOl\
F. R. Chesney; The Expedition for the Survey if the River
Euphrates and Tigris; London 1850, Vol. I-II; HosMns; British
F
j
Eoutes to India Chapters VI - VII.
N^V
3
* j^\jJ\ Ak^l^ IjZUilj i>uJL*Yl fa* S^U
\
T
V
0)
<*
*Jdl>
,> ^Ui 5^^ ^i olk>^ co'ir ^£ ^UJ] _^J1 ^ oLi-JAiM J^U-j
• 4
4* *^ *^
r iS-Ul ^Vl JJ ji o« UUrij ^ ^T! c^^; ^j ^^^ j £ ^^
crt.^ 1 ^ ^ l
^
41 ol ^ M T ) ^^» U UUJ! ^ri ^^1 iUi
t*
Ij- 1 -^ °J
S »SCi
c> ui^UHj ^L^JI J^J ^_Jb iSU oJlT 1^1 V) Sjy.5 1^1 ^j ^jjUL-VIj
o^.^- 1 ^ tie. ^. a ?.
Jp>i. 4 ^.J^l oUj>^ o^fe IJL^Ij *
< ^- J 1j=VV Ijj/ 1^' ^> ja,^, J«JJ li^ 6! ^ Sj^Ui • i>ui^Vb
(1) Hoskins, op. cit. pp. 197-207
(2) Ibid, pp. 183-235.
■i
a
i
■-•2
■j.
1
$
.i
1
4
>
-4
UA
1
i
j\fc,M o? 6^' W* <>J * t 1 ^ >^ ^ J t> -*i^J» u^V. 0^" ^JD! ^Vi V,^"
J^y^ tJj^l I
44
**x
JIT - .^a* J1j> — JjVl ^L* £>b ^^ c oK^ 1 ^ JW *
< T )u" 1
c &lij
J»J1 Ul* 61 J^J^'Vl c5bj * ^lAoy J eUS ^ ^j * ^j^b Sybil] U 4*j4;SL*yi
oUj^U j1 a «j^ A .J1 SLSj^aj L*jy U*:Jj> ojlTjjdl &4>4*l! oUj^JU ^ ^^
**
i>^
(JU1 ^U^ AJiilj^ JU-t oj-s — J-3^^ u^Uc ^.Jc j*jl51 i£jS\ J<^1 ^Ojb. ^
^k J] l^J 6^ 6^J ~Jb lT' 1 ^ arf *^».-^ ^°3i o^jj * <Jx 4.JL*J^J\ jiljuJi
^
j-
^\
U ^ JjVl ^Jr>!^ J^U— 1 ^^ .' ^\J\ 6^^^ M ^ ^)
I
t »■
■\
^L .WJl
-I
ft
■i.
#
o 1 "tt4 "^
i
1}
* JW* h JH fl
Vi
*.W
I- 4 il coil <T^ Andrew jjjJ\ ^UiTj Chesney ^u^>- u^jta u ** r *S\ J i
jjU ^^ U^Ai L»jjj1 fj\ ijJ*JV< olfijjJdl oij6 cux^lj * (M olyJl Jc ja>Ji>.
<cljj ol> <Xj>_^j>- ^Lu> L^j^'i * <L^X/> <jUj*A»- Jsjia>o; Jjl l*J1 Jl <*JJJjVi ojUill
1 ^ Bulwer ^^ ^\ <jU^V1 J yiUwjJI juLJl Otf ^iT
JljJl J fc 5*»i J * -J^- ^ J^ 1 c^ J>-^ (^'Uju)I oUxLJl J I f uidJ Jx>Jl li^I
bt>J
«U^L41 V^kll V^ij^ olkU!! o' >* oljiH JUU*- ~k^
<*^JI UUJI J»>>J1 ,> jl a* J ^jLo- cjit Palmeiston os^Jk
*l£- ^k ^^i^ ;l — ^\ ^^, eU5 f uu , _^ _^ L oir ^
*" '* V* * Aft
o& J U«i
U*n j i^db«i 4jbc
J^VVl £ 1>1 0^- j '> )i Jjl*J * j**j o'jJl J LU» -Ul LJUuJ ltd 5 -J31
Jc ^^- y-j^i ^J^l ^ fL ^ ^ v , sl> , j^ ]jUc ^ ^
Uu-_^ oi a
J^
-«*■ OJP «j£3j (J^Vi J »&J
J^il J t)j^ ■■Lj^jJ) t LLVl JJ^* Jk SjjLi <Tj
L?
-»»Vl o^^Jl j jl J^jVl
cJu* U.jj.Li«t JtjJI Ji> <> <JLAM ^iL4l Jb« Uy oJio oi! j,
*b Oi j - <i^b ^" i5>> DM LjUai./. f U j£s 61 viUi *bj 6- l-^ji
<u>L^> 1^1 v,L~* Je S^li U^i J*>* ^JJl ^Vi < 'i^J, a,1 J
J** al J; I S* J Jl^d! j ^UjjJl. ,> ojs-J jilt JjUs; 1 ^L^t Js ^H
pijJ^vi u^j • o\yii _,«,- j> js. ^^43. joi 4 cjjJ*. <jujun O^J-JI Jl
JjJ.>- JascJ ^UJI ^^Jl &,jJi\ Jz pUjJUI j ^LlS ]y>^Jj , j^j, ^ ^\ Jl^Jl
SI -J 4lwl_y, v>"j iJ^ 1 utf (3?.^' er^ 1 - 5 ^.- ;UJ, J l — ^ ^^ ^^ O^
SliSJI el* }ys- j£ >-^b ,>i*J< o-a-ljij Jj-UI ^.Jj iL^aii- jjj"Vl
* ^.jUJl ^Ji jl;
(1) Hoskins, op. at. pp. 335-336.
>*» Ji>» ^1 JiJJl SJ^-lj, ^_ 61T SUJUl jji JJ L^l ju
v^J
-^^ ^ja/4 J\^JI:ciVL«7l
u-"?.,^
^' Oi> & >s^\ J\ ^jjjVl Ai-J
JS y^J NA^^ i^ (jvW^^J
0) ^LcLu^JI
,> jji ^^ ^,^ji sbi c l^ji jj ji^ji oir £ ^1 <^ b . ^ ^
♦ VUAH *^1jU Jl ,>J1 ol^. Jid
M «J) ^L^Jb SL^JI ^^
^.jkJI SL» ir ^^ U aju
l^W 01 v~ ^ UJ* ci^ ^xJI ^, s^, ^ oi JU , vL j, ^. j( JM
;l
JJ4-4JI .yUiJl jO^l
Lib
<*~ V>> <^1 Jl olj-Jl oJj of J! U, <M UT i V ^J1_, j_^,
J^>J- <kij
VVV_TVli V
14
Vlj*
V* : u^j^ vj^. (M
1
I;
i
t
s
i
w
: ^l^i ^ <c J-r ^* c
*
E
J
, L
3
*
* Jj>. &M ciljill > JcU cjj^l J^L-Jl J*-»y
* tfl^l jl*M J >\>J1 r U^^I Jj^ J^*j ^1 oUUll il\}\
( i/.J*" £^-> l ^ ] OA J**i ^V
N
V
V
oLjJI ^.a*^ ax^j-^. •-*/' ^.^ ^ <^ J - a J* o^l ^ Jl*^. U-Jj
4JI3V « otfijT )) fju^b < ^j J>^* t> V >-W f^^-^ ^ ^^ ^
s
^ju : jji^
J1 ^Lc : Jail o.U <U*U^>^ ^j JljJl J C**-A- <> (\)
♦ *\A 6 o^ S^paJ'
j
JljJI j C^Ju- ^3 J^ ^ W1 J-*' ^^ ] ^^ ] Ci jlJ : J ^ ' t •
^| jJUjH ,> Sj;
r
•
it
India Office and Public Record office
a_J>J1 iiHU >b "^.j^VI <^^. M^
c*5-x« jju>- v-*^5"j i-^Us.V\ *Uxj
The Life of Midhat
U>jj>
L.
1*
JU
I
h
•i
^
-r— c^-1 lS >t v-li <>J < o-i^JI Slul <jl^, ^ il4 , ^^^
°^^ * ^ t^'UI ^41 1i* > ;>_!] ^iL^j, jU ^Vl -JU>| ,> L_J ,
4»
^U^JI ^ c Ui, ^ JM^| jc j^^j] jl^y] aJ^j <j^\ ^j^jyi
tt 0> c> ^-r^ 1 c^ 1 ^rflj-JI S J>^
;i < *c^ j^Vl oj^Utj c ( ^AVA )
V-*^ 1 ^ oi t>j i vJU-Vl jJL^ JJ ^^1 yuu-iltj ^ ja Jl ^^11 ^JL
* \AAV ^sui cJs».lj ^UI_^4I
J
i !-
■*
■ *
U a «jL« <jI 1a
44
iy v o^ j** J l ^ Ua i^ J ' jUx^vi iUJL^ ^ ir ojij^
; - ^
. j
■ I
. ■ ^
I h
. i r
■ j h
i
j
* i
i
i
; l
■
■ \
i
■ j
ifi
i
3 L
-" nib
- r
4"
i r -1
J a
■ i i
■ i *
. r
- I !
1!
i 1
: i
i
- j
J
i ■
■
in
] ■ Z
' J"
? = r
: i
. \
1
I ! I
i : 1
f .
: r
, s
ii
V
' i *,
-. -i
i - i
* ,
I ,
■ i \ lit,
!
r *
'i ! ■
ii J.:
n ' 1 :
r t j . . :
- <■ I
I .
. i '. '
i ! , 1- J
■ I
i J - I 3
. i ■ i
^: I. ■
-15 3 ;
■ -
.' - ' '■
■\\\ : ■
m ! .
■s ; ■ 1 i
.. ' l ! \
- - i
J I ■ s ! I
j ? l ! [
1
: 2
i : .i
i i
1 4
[
I
: M ■ M
■ 4
. i
j I
■ 1
r
■ r
i £
r i
- ^
■ q i
I '- '
f I
- R
' u"i.^ ] »Lil ibo, 0j SJ ji^ji ^j, s l^i
,j«i>JI »L_^J <b,4j Ulc o^Lal^ S,^ (.loi^^l ^j-J-j^ >Ui >M uiij
U
4ki \AAV jJjj. j objjlll oLJ>. a>.| J o>*4 jUi Ji 3 •
j>»Vl (> ^.
VSUII
> ;il -H 1 a^ i5-*d-*- -^ ^ ^jj^u J Jail] cJ5Ll *j*J >T 61 ^j <i >
iu-1 <^JJ1 Jit lj « NAVY J co'lT ol>l1 > J> > ^_ ^^l ^j
U
Jaii
J Ui_^. <^_^1 ojTjj « ,!_^1 ^ AJ^UJ! UliVl oJL* jlj, JU-Vl <^yiJ!
r la^z^l <J l> ^' jUl oJ^JI ^ j i^j- ^ ^^, ^^ ^ j,^,, j^
• <».kJ! ^lc J^xJl jijkH'U*
uu- 4«j vir ^,^1 »uj o'Mj < Uij>^. v^j^ 1 *-j£*ji
:■ ' j
S ■ : I
I !
. 4
1 am ilh ^ r
- -g:? ^?ffiffl3ffi^/raj^ " Tl yftt
r
^
1
*
i
V«i
j at >U ^ 6jf ^^ > M ^ jUiJ - *-***■ -^ r- u - ^^ ^ ^' u1 -"-
• JjVl UUH oj»«N £V-^ „=- jJ* c-W
4wL.jl.Jd I ob.3^ ^* u- tf.-^ *** & ^ ****" ****" &*** -^-
M
cU^Ul o^ J; ' £j-«H «-«>• ^ u ^ ^.j"" uM ^ ^.J ^^ kk ^ i -
<ux JJil'l V> v*JJ1 -ij* <JU aJLJS cJlT jufll ^^ ^ ^ V^ ^ t^
4*
■51
OJ^a-3
\_jjj L^Jj U^ JljJI J->- o* ^^^ W» *^^ j»V ^^ -^J
t JI^Jl
Ji U-^j »
J-*i
- NAVX ) cojOb. ^ujj aU*>j J-»jU
^jL^Jl ^^ Jb-1 o^J * OAV*
0) ^j^4\ IJl* yo-L* William von Prousel j-jj» o^ j*->
u^.^ <> (i 1 *.'.
J^ ju, Lib o>Ju. -ijj*^ c/j^ 1 C^ 1 Ui ^^
o.UA- tJj JU, ^^1 ojuAH ,>-. f^' "^J * Jl ^- ^^ ( ^^ >UJ ^ ^ }
■k^> v-^.^j j>' <i ^^^ 4 ■'^ a, - j9 " **" ' ^-^ ^^ ^^^ (M ..
< \MV
u**ji jjbi\j ^ *r
\\\i
*•** - oJj>. ^"^ '^"
-" -r . A^lh -* 1 **" ^
^'
»lt '
*fSi
i- "=1
n h ■
■ 3
Y'O
Jclj - UU1 _,^J
;liil
f UUl J o^>Jlj jj^-vl £> u^- ^JiWVlj V^>H ^L-sSVIj <^l~Jl
^^^^ If
* ( T ) W* LJ Ik^. ^j 1^1
'U
Ifr
Clarford
jjjijMT.^Jl iUlx^Vl J cyU^^I >i~Jl J,Uu IT o5
J ■
. .>
■ ^ J * ^ oj& o' Oj^ U^ Li> ^^» o>^-*1 iLu <*j1 £Vuj| J L^
oUjVl <>*> ol UT l$J li^k ^^ cJlS" <JjJ oUjI *\JJ* JbJL*. Ja^- jtfl Julj
* J^l ^JUflJVjjjIflX* jlJi^ Jj4> Ja^- 35^£ ( 1 )
• sy>im
* o_^U 4J-jUj ^IjUo .ajjb- JU^. <5:*c ( ,_» )
lfl» Jb
m
^Jj-JU-J 2\JuLi *b4?"
■ <* **
*3>U(^)
'.J
* I
• \\-\ <u- i>> iic^j ( U'n ) c-yai <ix^. o*» -olaji <u-ji ( a )
* l?^41 ^jJl v>Jl «> i-Mi u^vj
)
4*
cj
x^b
: al4i» 0j.4>- Ja^ ^ JjX^U- J IS tJLfe jj (X)
• * \n^< ^j^^jtiij
h' ^
I-K"^ "At.^Kjf.ltfr.
-yr. ^.j^.^^^^ ■:-• 7?^l^^.^,J^>>^
■! ,
I
t*"V
(U iliM -4-*cM -uc olW— «J^ J^ «»«*in -u-jui U-U^-l Glaford zj^Stf ,/uJl
UlL
oijll (j^ii J <iX)j « ^'UJUJl ol^aJLJ] Ll^ ^"Uu^l £Wa=-Vt oU" <iJi=».
^ ,>J < 'V^' J 1 O^Vl ^
JJ
i «i-*H fcXr^l c> ^^ ^_r*1 ,>- 0^
r
o^j* IjSlT OUVl 01 c- uiUVl J»UuJ1 Oj^j^. lj*^-»1 oUVl >J J j-vvu
Baron Marschal von^^uij^, ^y JL^jU ojj^ <L>'UVl 4-^-jUJl _rf.jjo1 V^
J J* V UUj>I VU-i^l ^^ 5 ->13-»»
«cJl ;
Bieberstein
rf 0> Jl^jL. ojjUI (jcw-l uii • Lillu^J ^ji *J4i j* Aalut.
■
UUc^-1 <J1 j*aij« ^J^ J LjULujj, j^ — Edward Malet cJU ajIj^ >~*Jt
"Ji.>
Lj
oJj J l5^^ u-%*^ j?.^" J^ V^^ <a»I>1^ v *^-^ •^.'^1 II* »ai juJ
^J *
JUlk^l j ol5" Ja» i ""jtf oLiii ^Jk^' ,i^l a %^ ), J hj^h ji.^^ 1 V^ 0^
♦yo'U-Vl O^ijMjJJ l*J JjO gii ^ j^^ s plif J^Ai' J* (53^^ erV^^ ^.^ ^ jV^'^
LwJji t^U- ^5 ftJUJUi *L-i?jL«^ ( _ 5 iLb' LiUaJ^y CUjl5* i£j>-\ <*»-\j ^*J
V\ * .iUi; 4J t A>- <C« I tij^i (_S.>J (N)
r-v
<^
<L
41
■uJji ota
j4*~ & iUJ i j^ J ^^iJI _^ ^Lk-jJl ^/l
• pb^Jl ibji-l oLUj _ ojjjltf ju> _ j^l ^^upJ! .(.lo^^l
-L-* yo-L^ }b .Lijl. ^b *~Jt
i#
#'
U*
t* ■
,> 4*^1 cAyl\ s
L*u J ojlT.^is
oil* jsi\ Lili*^ ^ 4. \AAo j ^1 olji-Oi J f »J1 J=_^ a- D ^~JI
<Sj
uai
uri
j^
V)
>^AJ
It
*>
h -i
*uJ
( V )o^
It
%
i
j
!
1 h
i *
!i
U*-eJ U . U J' J* v 0^ 0) ( ^* do?.*^ ) jw\ ^JU- u-L^ 1 & >Ui , <^4t
^JJl ^JUm^M ^LJl v j*uii Cromer >.jjT ajjlM f U ^^j oUI J]
J J]jy V cJlS" ^sJI VM ^J^ 1 c> taU *^. J^ 1 u- 1 *- u^ 1 ^ ^J> c ( x ) •J^jll
r
ifc
o^
a*
C
b
: a^ ^1^1 J* (\)
■ (
♦ o*\ ij* c ilajb) OjOp- <SL- I lS^*^. tSj^ ft)
* NA^V J Lib jjy u^>. jl*» j^Skl^ Jy (N)
Cromer, Abbas II j iw«jVl oJ ^* (> J^ 3 ^^. j*^ ^^ ^ J^' 1 (T)
i *
J\ ^ j iLjVl oi^ J V^ j 1 ^ 1 ^^ eUir-jI^'lj London pp. 16^ 22
:.
!
i
i
l
\
v.
1-
I i.
I
.1
' '•'* ? 'W8W&&^
■Y-A
^jl! AT^ Ui^i -ojily ^ J, jej, Sy.UJI J li ^ JL^ 6l y ^jtf
" 'J*
Ouii j A.
**>
u . ^l* Im :pA , J ^U*^! a^V *~3>j -^U- 'iLi, ^.jjf Jui
* 0) Uil. ^bj Sjlj^l J <iJt 1_, „ui J >Ui g**; u3 tyb- • sjljjll
^ .
1« L
r*-M-
J ^
U ^j <LiUl VK^' **>J1 v°"Vr o- ^.^l ^
j
h
•L-ij «u» o-i> J**. jjjdAJl f .£> ul ^ ^>J_/ j^ < -ulUx—1 ^uj o»1 ( «r-~
^Ul'^JJl J*WV1 J.L_jaj l^jS" <J\l~jA\ »jUi» o*J J^4» u~*J1 jc
»
rJ dJ ,ij»J*Jl ^Ua^Vj ^,^41 V^J^ ^j*«Jl c~£l ty^Jl u^o^x^yo 1
* L^
51
1
^
ji>J ^k <Si|jH <**>«-*» ^'ttVl ^A-jxH ^Uj l**i _>a^> jail _i jjti\ j*> *o*
jjlb ( ^ J — <J^^ ^Uj-jl^Jl ^,3j Lord Jtosebery ^y.jjj 3Jjtt\ cJy.1
: ^af> ^ji ^-^ J' ^A\Y
j^*^
lLw>)1 wix^Jlj tjtllu^ J>u^vi : JJN j>1 v^*"' li ^* J ' : <V)
v-\
I
-MA
J*o^l JUUIcu-
^j * 0) « v^-*>» J vm e 1L ^ -? 1
j-
A*
'^J- J*' <> 5 >/ ob^, Ufji cJi ^'Vl Jjt ^ jljii, jb_4>- -k^j Ji^l
V>«" V~i>J1 **.£J1 c— G J, < jjA] J ^-U'Vl o>xlJ U^ ^ J*i ^j^i.
oU'Vl ,1 — Lcl «lj>. <> w;^ijl ^)LA\ ^.^ j^] ty ,> <JUi*J! <-_£*] 1 J I
,> O^ly LjlXlj S^UiX. ^Vl Jj! J Uiy CJIT <io^ • ( r ) .iUi, J». jLo-l
• C) ~*z*i\i J 1,/dkil Ori j U~rf c r~ ij l^' ^J^ 1 wu«j jjUUM 1JL*
Ji^lj i jlAi. J*^ £j>l* j LJHI A, JiU.1 Jl ^); otjjkdl olT U UC*j
I J)
* j~j _pj oUrVl o^ UT 4 U^pIj ^ 4,^ J^ jl^i oU Vi ^ ^j <jUixIl
TV
«iolj*JI ^1 <> ^j jt.li ifoU-j
U"
H
y ^41 oIjaII ol j* U^ j j u-
^ c olaL a>4>. <5L- : gj»> r 4$ (\)
♦ l\ ^ : <^u (v)
^ Jlj • jj^ -u^-ldi ojiit <*j'U- j <L>
o
^^ * ^/
l3 £>L^j{a JjLSj ^
* *
V f* I
eUi^ pL^I J oij^j
bJ\
j
4 I
( -u^^L-Vl ^j_5» A ;iJl _ ) ( » )
^ cM 'j'j*- tU£ c*!^" I— >"> oj'lT ^JJl ^^» jj^
"*-^ t_j L*-j-s>-
■ -. >.
Y\
* ^J-^ ^'>J '^V 1 <J> U ^' J-^J ( L — J' J ^U1 )
I
<J Ij^ifl ^)IT ^jAJI ^Ajl> JjJb- Jai- (^ £\j«aib j^u* jj\j ^U^j _r«a^ 0*j^l ,> Jf
j
0) ( U\\ ) Sa^U
U-
n
( nam ) <, -jk;vi <^ 5531 ^juryi
• ( NV\ / \A<\A ) LiU. <Ot
V
V
Ji>Jl cJUclj JLsjJiU 0* O^./" + <^J ^ ~ W ^ -Oj-Uj
u^. V-r" J 1 <£*& OJiiy ' ^^ <-^ ^^ o^u^j o^j-* 51 j~ cr**^ Jil^l f
U
^U-i)jL ^ ^UJiJl ^ <*S Vii'1 Jic J* c^aii jd! l^^J ^ — ^'^V^j ^J
o.j oj jKll t> ^jJU-Ul Aj ^ij a-uaju NA^ J
jav
1
l5>^ ^ t> crfj*^ e^^J ^ t>
^wi j cy^-
-^
LwJi -Jill Meade j.*^ J-JjljQt Ur^ «jS"^ 0-°^
J^J iil&f c+> tJ 5& - ^.JiV^ >* — V.^^1 ^J 5 ^.l 1 ^-^--^ ojjjk^ o^ u 1 . J* 11
NAY
# +
^yuU
^4
-^ji oiU*^U J^i. J* lUSt
-r*- ^b £j^U X ^ *»>. ,^-U- lj>£ o-i>-Jl SUJ fj.^
Ja-Aj — » jI-Gj
J*i ^j^U. t 1j ,*** Lux
• jUVl *Ui, a,^ J^ ^ M^J" c^ <Q) Jl ^ ,„ • , ., .
h> -*- ;. j^- 11 j**^ t.j>^ ,Jji> \y^j <■ j^'^ 1 "«i
;lT.ui
Oi^fll Jl jl < c-jfllj aUi, Jl L^j ^J^ v ^ J Po j, ji, ^| j, ^ 4 , eJ
Oijfll c*ij L. liU
'±J~^3 i ^ *.*»■ J*^ jUVl £j^4! ^Lil i^J^'l SjjLl- oli" -u-li Jj^l
J^J r -u, iljL-. jU^Jl ^oU. ,> olo^o- Jf |_^L*>- UJlj i ^^, I^Ui US' oj.j3ai
Col. Meade to Secretaiy to Government to India (Confid-
(N)
NA"\
78/
+ t
5UI
* ^^v L ^ , \a\i
w
J
h
1j t Aj^i\ ■*- Js. oUVb o^e' 1 -^ JjUx» <y *.u*» o»w-»1 c*> j>£n ol ^
i. jV jujI W
o^ JY ut>>£ ] ai-*-"". :**>" <> <•**»» 1.**-^ ^ jj^ o/i ^-MJ
VI
_^*=j- ( ,yuJ ~*S_r$> ) olyJIj *M lS> J <!> jUJt ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ' t^"
Oi-*
( Y ). Oi
j-
-*J1
• ,j
k.1 \a^
t+
V^ ^.jJ^VI UVtftflj ojjRN <> (M
Aft * + ^^
N V\ V ^
A>Jfc
*tf
c \'\\i _ \AV <JjjJl oU^UHj ^.j*H gJWl : ^aII Jt ^-^ *
NV\N Sj*l
ai
"iji
f»
JL) *Jl
India Office Records and Public Record Office
a
A *
Gooche and Temperley; British Documents on the Origins
of the War 1898—1914, London. 1938.
A Cheradam; La Question deOrient Paris 1903.
H. Dickson ; Kuwait and her Neighbour London 1956.
D. Fraser ; India under Curzon and After. London 1911.
M. Jastrow; The War and the Baghdad Railway, Philad-
elphia, 1918.
M. Earle! Turkey. The Great Pawers and the Baghdad
Railway. N.Y. 1923.
N. Whigham, The Persian Question' London 1903.
• o nu
\n
• +
oijji j^i J ^.^ c 11 -^ " ^ ^ ^
Y\Y
4 -i <=*d jtt \ J* <sj^
Jt^Vl
l&\
olcl C AllVl <U
<*- i -wJl ,_^ ikUj| j jUj
j I cu./)1 J| ^ 5ji JLujb rfUi ^ ^.^
J 3 ' s J*li fl^x^-U
^ ^ !4U. ^l/Y1 Jc, oL, ^ J, ^ ^ ^ j
iJjbj , Lj'Uaj
^a^wmJ V
*» **
j. <ai^. vi is+i) >\jj u ji 4*w oi o^< v J^i t u^ b ^
-J»^ ,^3j An, u»a>. J^ ^ ^\ v <l^ ,i c
U Huj. oi i^ 3U* ^». U
iio ^J JUrt 14* ^ C) jJJJlj i^l 6 , ^ ^,Vl e> l, ^ ^- vl
r^. 1 . o*
* JjVI Uuji
.j 1
>ji
e.v*-i
4^ Jai J^j I^^Li cUm£|1 Jl .iUi
Li
UJUl! jLkL^j
j^Vvi r ,u ur
f-#
LTj • ^LJUJ
Cj^H US *~*S Lltj <JuJI jj^ jjuj, . ^ ,
Jlj»M
• i
,50 V
^.'._>
4*J1 _Uj
^tt^^«
^ Vl J^l ^L, J^ | k ^, „ ,k„ .
j~ uu i^r ,lu, e^ ^ ^ i JJjtd o\ ^l^uh j.
*•
«1>IL»
• 4
***** C Z^ ] tf*-**JI J»JU ^oL^
))
jUoJl a>4^ JL^.
iJas^J
,U
•v^ii v~ Jlj . « «^jOif )> <juu 4,-,-q
•uJj
j£M (^lc — A3
■ Ui> 4j**». Ja^ iuj cJLT Ui* C UO> JL:
4 **
4 1 **
J**
lc
******
J ujw jUocJI JL>.
<JUI
bU, 01 oxLi l eUi ^k Li^ WJ L> J>U>.b <juijj ol^ll cu-
u u
-bVi o
: j jlAi) JUAs- Jai /j I
Hurewitz; Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East.Val. I p. 182.
V*ll iU- j ( b> <-3t ) ol>- JJ, ^ oL-j, JjS rm, jul. &
14
iU
<
J
m
4jja^» sale! ,jj» ^UaJLJl -.4 ViUoj Oojftl <>» J5" Jl ^.jJx^H W*^ ^ J '^ a ?.^. *^J— o'
^JWI JL ^._^J1 »>~«H cotf Xii • LU= ^ V^ 1 °l>^ -sj^J c ^.^ )l J*
.J W^Vl jTljll oa_^, t yj j ^Ull J.UM ^ ^Vl j~J1 ^j ^
vJb-'V»
**
*/■■ *
11
4*
JO-"
UUi 0^ Jl -fr-W Jj'Va» cJIT c ^y, go jfll <*j1 ^ jj UU1 ooUf U*j O^J
Deutch Kolonial Zeitung <jL>=^> oilc oij bU= <*J1 J oUaL^Jl ^.3^ u& <**
•D
15"
41
j
jJUVl 3j.jla*Xll jJL-N jk>' 0^. *■»> «-Jt J jUaJUJl -LiUI ^ p**
C) S&* J JkV^ 4 ""- i JUaJUJl a-jU S^& £/. yijUlj
OjSJT ( b>j 00 j£n ) 3U*J1j JlAiJ J.»0^ JaJ- tfikij, Js. UUu./ 2>^~>.J
^X,l
<j^.-r^ u?
-I-**
ob Vj J 5
— 3j tl-r uaH ,*5*1>*U J >^1^ — JAJLft! (i^j ^U^» ^-Uj
U^ CJ xl ^H h*J**\ ^^^ W^ urt ^> ^^ ^. c^^ ^ < VL^-"^^
X*V
• V^ a* : ^^ V^ O^j?. (V)
V
r\*
Ult
A*
S^Lu.
y51 ^» i^aJl ±^\ J, UJj i^l obUxdl ^ 5^ l^Jb ajL.IT
i£
-»» l$^-
.»w^
J -A<S>Cm«
<la-J wo oIjJ,
Jl dUi* ^^xj uJ^ ^LTUaiU \jU <jj Jk AiOv^
a*
A^-j ^.k£>-
*4
'ff W 7- W ) ^^ ^>° ^ v5-ill ^ J^ j^.
\
1
J"
J
:■
n
-!
^.J ol>l1 > Js ^oUj jjjM j.o Jl l^.j SL>. J| UiMJI
u-»
-ki
I*
• oljill > *J=Ui] LoU^ co.jfll Jl
J^Jb l^ j^-^i oiry ^ jn
*^J c^**- Jl f^l oA^J" if ~^
■ L
• <i> ,y -u*j < jUVl ^ a,u^ J.AJ ^ J t>J i_ j^j, ^
t
NT
i
%
• »j*U11j oj>; ^ J»i
uO-Jl o^4l oU^ J*>..> JjVl <»-MJb <^ olc J-r 41 *i* ol U* Ji^iUI
' l ^'" e 11 ^ J> ^jJl cbVjJl -Jl^ ^ olxj^l a _U G | , < , r ^
eH"" t^^ J1 o^4i
W^Vl
4*
j=>^ 4 ^j^ai v.jjjVi ou,4i co-ir ux.
UJUJI lt
JJI OUj^ll Li • WJ , . A) ^M
_iU*1_, ol>l> JjVl LsJX
~~°j oUU ^ ^iij
i *
<>!>■ <> b-^ IjjL* lju*i' _^Vl <Ui>. t i oJltt
U" 2 ^
Vi
^Ldl c^j <^\ j V , j, ^ u UjV ^ ^^^^^ ^ t
* l^.j-^ JL^^—Vl cu>ci- ^^^ ^ j J]
0-i*Jl
o^l^ll fU ^i j, ljM] 5^^, ol? ^, ^ o , JjU ^ ^ b „ ^
x
iBb
-I
If
Pi
1
)
m
*$>J1 Jiis SJU*i _ J,tf ^jik^w 1 U* Jl Ui^? IjAi < ( T ) ^sJll 3LJ.jH olT>M
■J
X
• * *
- ^rv jij^ o J w^n • j>u ^a^ m
vp
Cr^'Jl^LM
*-tf JH\ &mUI1
♦ ■*
■ ^ 1-
1
I
1
*
: k
h
i
\
j y
■
i
-i
j
s
■l
1 (
'
f
:
■i
'.
t
V^^V' Jj J1 ^ ^ U J * »* jfj Jjj J\ 4*ut v^-V ;u > JI (i ^" o-Ul
»■
c
jU i>j o^^i SiM^Ji oi ^ j^uii '<u^\ <> ( ajidi ) oj^, i^-ir
iw»^.
41
V'
J *ij
VI *lj41 Ji, V-L-JI ***■" a^J o^Jl J j All u ^_ o> US'
Vj <l Jj> V olT - &%\\
.tJlilt JjaHU^
J ^ 0^ <i41 ^UJl
3ij — Ui. IjjiT ^iUJl ^ ^ Sjjj <!^ LiV^ui, j^, cu>e _, ) UaifJ .
**
• JUUI olkUII <_!.>>• J.-41
f U a^_, J^j <a j 1j«J 05*141 oj-jj ^JLx, .iliil ij S^L-a^yl Jj4! W»-
<j.Jjj)ft jU**~-VI
JjVl ^L^Jl J5U. vM" ^UJb ^^-V 1 6-^^JI Jl ^\jc> JLu. oo-ITj
yi4l JU^ UJI U^^ (STjsJl) JO Jl^- f l L^iXJj -ulk!^ J ^c c
Ul
■^uii Oj^ u^*
tj ^J « v>L.VI 4^UJ1 Jl S^U <u!5j <;LJj 0j j^ J^JI ^y XLi c jUiVl
^jU Jlo <u-A^I ^,3^1 oL ^ ^ j>J| j ^1^1 ^.^ ^^ jUiVl c^
o^j >l ^i^ -I 4. J ^UUJI Jl ^ju] jiJJI )1* JiS | ;, ^ir ^SG_, c ^^j,
VY
Ikl
J1 V o^ ^JJI ^)l J .a* ^-U/V! ,>_jJ1 JU^ S j£J o*U juJ
t^L ^Jlj ^jL^yl ^jlwvU-VI
V^ill <> 5UW1 j- yiLo ^LiH ju^^JI a^c
> J— rj J. -ulk- o^y <e^_, ^ hj&i J\ iu-l. ^U J Cr ^1j • ^^.jsN.,
■ -j-
'J*
J
* J**" 1 ' -kUj j^j S^S ^ ^lku-1 U ^J IjJLclj
\
- 0^.1, oj^jl\ UjM
V
^ t
* fc
1 ^-^LuL^j
♦ a aj^o J [] ^Ll_JI5" ^)_ 5< i4| ^t-^aJi
r
c
■
• SJlioVl V UjUJ1 Vj** 11 cs'^b ( >**J1 A^>- ) Ja^ U^a>-! 0.>ijb u^ 1 ^
- j
1
^
i
r
V:
4 i
I
J^l Ja.>Ji aUSJI J <>UjJ^ Jo^ki A^ J) ^'llM -W>J| A^C ^Ikl^Jl Ui O.JL*
<JUjUJ\ <iM>J1 ^c < j r X-41 0-° ^jJ! cJl^l Jii li* f*j <• V'^^ 1 <kJLJl JL:
• Jj\M UU1 VJ ^1 J^i <i- r kcVl *j»J\ ti^Uv jiJ^ ^JCI^ t-^J^ 11 V "^ Ji>^
i
>
\\\
r i
- i i I
■""-OjUjuw-Vi (A>^ ^J^ LoXUi «L_ ^IJaJl u-j
1 y> ^Ltll Jl iHj
i ■*.
^:>L_^ 0^.j^> o^.j^^J oji^r^ Q3J&L* J^>. ( L^J ) ^IJ* 4j, Vj <Jlk> VI
U*x.
4
^ Jl Ur 0*L"UL. < VM V.j* c^ 1 <> Lclb Jliil^ Jl^ix-Vl
V.j* 11 oUUjM ^ (jJaJI <J.U)1 (> olojbl oJlyj • UJ J aXoU! ^jUjuII
I I
L.U)M o- ^ — c 0*J ^.-s 01 -t* 1 i>J «>*H fW <>J ^J**-" Lr>. j.j^ ] ^ Ct»
■^ h
#t
<
Jl
I h.
""■ "1
H
L J
oV v.-^ -5* o>^>i ob — v*^*" ii>di 0' jj* oLUji oJla c-Jir ji
lj-uk cA (r^ a^jk otf ^^U-Vl --^IjjJl 01 Vl i*U\ i^iU/jM aJjjJ] <Ji** o^So'
4*
j j^L^oO jl jjt
n "
I i
■ 1 :
I ■
t
1 1 -
■ =l ■"
' ' 3 ■
i I
. 'f ''
\ =
f
\\
I I
3 !
b
- i -
J -i-
=■ *
T
- I
l ,
Ml!
n - * £
.■
i " [ :
i ■ 1
1 ;
1
j j
9 . 1
v 1 ■■
-■! ::
■"■' '
- I J *
]
.1
Jl
!■;:
t 1
i- 1
3
3
F
i
i H
* l
- : r ^
■1 ■ a
■ . 1 3 !
m
\ f
! t
«i
j
M
J! ^fc^J <jIUj 6 ^.jL-a^ -Ui ^^J* V ,fcU .' V^ -^^J * S*il*Jl JLCil ^
• <jui -ui^t ^m oui ji s^ji
• {*
t ^o
jtj
<> LoJJLi- jtT! cJlT V :iU 'V 1 ^M JL^V» .oJ.^1 JU^ ajJj o 1 ^u^b
j r
h 1
L 3
:■ 1
i
■ - r
1 i
j.^JLm^JU '^kJ^S l^uUjj _?^ z*-^, ^V 1 ^— 1 <ju>U- A) j* t JliH jLa,<h>J1 -Uc o^" a^ (J
1
B 3
i" !
; j
j ?
! i
LB
oU^i ^^ ^Ji 0^" i*~j i ej. i.\ib j/vi 3 asai <j ^M j.c ^1 jt
^. UMLl ^b*«uj' V JUJ1 jl-la^Ji ^ hjks co'lT ^' ^j ^jjUl ^JUjJl i.» jy-uLrtJI
j -1 1
m
i
\
v?
'#>
Sijti o' u* >UJ u^^U ^LJI J^^Jl ^ jj^oM plkdl ^j, oir il c
u j^ajJl
jJU
jUM ^^ jw U>U. iL*i ^Ul! 4.^1 jl* lkL.Jl ulS"
' f
UI1
j_lii1 ,> S-to-tj <^M^V1 4~UJI Ajjiij v^iJl ^jLJI ^ i^i^i ^-j
• o^J J Vj-W **>Jij ^"^i <JVJij i)V Vi -s <*r <> .y^ 1 Ori j^
r C_>Jl J -u*o o^ ^ W1 Ajm^JI -uc ol ULj o-5 oili • <7jJU ^J aUUj, U
**
I
iJl Jk «w^J1 obVjIl j j1 o^JI jl Jj^b'Yt j Aj~» <iJL*l\ SjbVl>
J i^Jl y^>Ul <j-a*> Ijly ^JdJl ^ yj_*n 4> 1jl>- ^U5 h*u ol Ji>-5U i^T/dl
<JbJal) JLc V :> ^1 ^^" ^^ ij^ *WJ^ A^C L4JI Uj> j^I ^Mv-Vl ^U«bJ»
' ci^
>Vl 4 Sji\
YW
-if
Ji «ui i <] J <J1 ^^jj s Olx~{jc ^-£ ^ ^b \At\ <i«. f L£ll Urii
4 *
J
Vj J1
' S^j* Vj 3 ^j j o^v <^^.
<>
ff
yjM c^ ] ^j^ ob •*! V o^J oL-^M ^ IT j^ajj jU yVl olT
J15-
ii
;ujj ^uiVi o^ Wj
*j>
L-
o^ (J t Or^" J 1 (:
4*
cjit ^> jc ^u uii ^ ^j ( ^^1 ) ji ^>ji
• ( ^.j^jJl ) j^' L^I>-j"1 (> ^1 ( ^,^1 ) J' <>^' co 15* V.j^ 1 v^^ 11
^
r
■t,
■*•
iUj Jl aji-uiH ji^Jl ^ Jaii' cJlT ^"Uaj^l J>U>-VI c*>* <«51jll _ r ^ci
m
;&j>ji v.^* 1 ! hj^* ^j*^ **w i> -^ L
*#
sir
ji_£i <L>LJ -ijjfaJl <~«J j (jilill JU*^ o-« o^L-J^ <-L~ c-4^1 Jil
44
<>
ir
• \ <\ ♦ a J ^y&v j> jd\j oujvi <-«*• o-iis 4 j^vi
• • *
<fr
»
l
,4
\
V
1
iJjdtj Oj^-Jl fa otsMtJ! jjfay
J/tfl JUW1 uj*i\ oik? J& jJ& c*Ad) frji\
.->
■v
"■^fll""
I:
1 J
( ^U^Vl
7*3
£1
P f )
J-
:1
: i
L "
i
L
*rv;
i
f
■\
• i^j ^Vi ^uij c j^ui ^ l UjiJ3 ^^ e^- ^ , ^ ' V^ 1 j*to d
IF
^ jl lkJ «J1 ^^ *Vj <> L^liiJj c ^Ul >V o^i Aj Xki dib W U U
* jOLU JUij ^^iO JfL^ £>U oj>^~^, *^ J> L ^J> c^
ojU«j obV^I -ib^» J^ ^ J^'b ^L^iJIj ^A^JJb <JL±J1 2^C*J! o^>i
■ * - - **
^ AjjL_i^> oUjJj IfiJa^^M .Ja.^,j o' CAclkc^-1 oS <U>LJUn <J>uM coif
u-^A* s** J 1 4 r 1 — ^ 3L«Jij ,>jij v,^ s ji>" V^J ty.^J' e^
olj^i j^liJ 61 Jl JUi ^ i ^liaJlj ojbVlj j^Jl *U^ Jo^- J* *jjUJ\ <JUll
Jf J <J"U Sjs-1 Jf oiilj * 4.JU±*J1 <Jja.!l J -LjjJl obVjH -Jilz^ J <JV
i <>=«— — <J>\j <^\^k>- IJ'te- i j^ «UX*£ A5 Uwslj UL5* LgJ (jl^ej ^b l^j^flJ i^oJ' ^J,V>
yji J 1 <>^ ^ J b o^j *i^ dJLj^ diJUI ^L— «uJb JUJ1 ^ 1*IU
y J \ r -.. V-* ¥ '" :
\
■±fl
VTA
JjOll Oij&J JjVl 0U4JI ^ <i^»J <~O^Jl oW^JI od* CJIO
A
+\ fy j* jvJX *-a-*>
L.
Ul
0>H DLi obUJl JiL- -v*ji a* ^ ^LtJl 0j i)1 tf Ijlj
«
/ **> J 1 V jU A :>\& JKUAa V.^ J ' VA^ OU»^l <j ^O J^
oVU
* +
* u^^J ^j^'j cr^'yj ( V^ 1 ) u^VA Jj j-^J fL*^l Jj *4o*^
>]1
* oj^iJ\ ij\ <l*£>y> ^ l5\j*^ ^ J*y-"J 0' cJ^Wj ( > AV
WC\ ) dUUIl
c f>L^An UUI Ulkcl l/JI *i^JCH <4l *iUy oa^i jG V.^ 1 jO^ ] ^^J
Ju OjL-" J1>^1 l*i* CjT^^ S^h^' *J^.J^^ <*-^ jjul ^.-LjJ^ /j-^.J *^*1 L5 ^j sliJL>-
<j*
JJ—^ ^
M ^ ^ «J 1 Sj,)j»Jl <^ ^Us * L'UJI 4jjjJ^ U^i-Tj 4.^M^VI Jj-UI
V oUjX-^o ^1 ^LUUJ\ ^^^.-ajJl olj.*; OUxUaJ'j d L^Jc o^ o^ 1 ^. Jl ^ x31 ^-r^^
.M-un o>i^ j^u-j ^ ^wij ^- c c*. 1 -^' Otrf ^^^ o-?^^ J^ 6^ j
4^* * 0^1 5 ^Tjl' V-" 1 ^ 1 oU^^J '^,—^1 ^^11 ^' oU) <^U- <i-fly ^r^=
coj£Jl J \ JL>- 'ijjj -JL1 iUTUJ^ o^V< c-^-1 tyJI ( v^ 1 ) l J^ °^-5
4
v >^ o^ oW?b ( j\i JT ) >i^ ( <LJt JT ) Oij^J'j ( C L*-»H JT )
^L^ ^"j^Jl o-U o^k^l ^j * dUi *bj ^ ©-u>.y j£oj ^>J * *j? j**"
oki>- ^1 ^ l^'l Jk l^i; Jl JkJ oilT ^sJl <JUl*n ii^UJI Ujj^lo *^TU*
*•
*-L
j <SLUb u -WjSJ ^1 ^jU*^V) ^^1 >Ltt 1^40' V (jX>- V 1 -*^ 1 ^^^ 1
*t> <y l^Jb^o J 4.JUJUJ1 <Vw*^£>Jl —ijU^ CulTj * ojlc l^b^'b t$~*U*SV
J
J
r-> Oi^ <> |^*J^ b^^ V 1 ^ 1 <^Wi J fl*> ^^. ^ • j>.s&\ 6s<ti\
i -
4 + *
d 4 *
-w*JjiJl <L>J1 ^ u*kbt J c^j^l LJMJ1 oj^"
<
1
if
J +
^y pfrtj* ob ^ ^^>-j »^jiH ^j& xiJ^ 3 *j1 (> oj^>cc t$;1 U^b V*^*" <*jS»Jl
J> ^Vl -V tiJ »»J* jvS ^<*$y>d i$jth*W J^—Vl ^^ o' -bo VI ^ t ^ .,0^
^ lix Jc ^-^IjuJI 0^05 ^1 ij^jL^Jl •bj-'^J' ol-JLcLulb Vb c ls-^J^
ijllujJl aI^JI a«j Vb L^'^i ^-^ j/UiJl tij^VVl -aJUdl ju^ VIj ^ *>*^^il»
U»\j c ^i^\ ^jz^a Js. ajo* ^1 l^jbVjj i <JUJUJ\ ^boJl o^ U^b ^. -^
jt sjL-*i LUjii 45"^^ u ^ jl ^a^cji <>.^ jjtj i ^juijj Lazuli oi^^i ^u
^
^
VT - V^^-i+V
* *-»,! * **. t V j t , t p ^ ; ^;-,L|^ T^L : - n *;• ^ffifc tf&*. * -
• "•/-,■—." •'— •
YV
of&^j)
J*
L
u
«4
1*
1
#4
Ull
c5jL— J) J*i^!1j < ^jjl Jai^li S^^j < ^ oUa j, ^^ o|jy -^
I
Ja oi t 1 ^
-r^« Jlj Uib j£ a»>o» Jl <uj
c>
cS^ll ^^M £lku-l jJU_5 • a^, jjJkJl _ JjL^ UA\*i ^U
r u-°
«Ui. i^l ^ Uaic OC>. ^is, ^ JL^ui J* a^. J,*, J
• ( *\A-V ) <uU ! J J_j^l J jU^i v
A>J
SjaUUl ^.^Jl S^^ii <u^J S JJ( U41 ^^1 ^ ^ jc j^ ^ * ^
Jb olTj J^ J I 4JL^ ^ ^^Vl SjSjl oJlTj i ij*^ JT a^ <L^ <^y Jc
( \A 4 N ) ^— ti\
»* *t
UUj' ^j.^£ ^iJS fiUJI ^Vj cuJi ujijj c ^UJ\ Jij ^ A^JbJl *jU] oJlTj
w r^ s
i?-o
Jij et
^1 (JUL* j i ^^J 1 Sjij* 6 ^ V^ J^ ^ oli ^^- ^>y t>
• 4*^11 ctUx^ f^LJUJ jt-^^ll _^ L^^, (^J-c j. j>«^
— .d p
*
r
L
■J
■_
I-
vn
<u£>- cj1^~« j o^ J^ ^-^^ o' £\t=-J c •/*** J <* j&>~ oUiLJt ^J^ (Jl c/*~*i
l«iV3 c> J* jji\ ^j^\ yJi J <~**b ^ C 5 -^ o1 U && ^ <> J
^
Jl j>J -Ui^U pjLc jLj j <*Ju Jit 4*^> U>-_5 -OlU C <^_>5 <U»^ O
UWl
M
• Lfr^ii _r^> £,bJ>j1 ^ it-oi <■ p-JuJl ,> wljw.Vlj 4.oL«x5Vlj
^jU oJIT ^t iL^Jl iiJtJl Jb^jJLuiJI obJtfUVl d*J7 (J O^J < Oi^i 1 c 31 ^ 1
• 6i^l ju) ^jjJI ^U^Jl <> cUii- ol ( Lib <> ~u*~ ,>.! ) *-Ab ^j»»
o^Vl jji 6- J^U_,Yl 6^ *i£* cJlT Uj1_, <>_^ 6& r 1 UAL '- (^^• , °^
\jL*j ^\ jl^\ Jc Osij-l^ J 1 'J'L-Ij « ^>U\ J*i Jl 1>U-1 1 olXi < <L~J1
j^ -UIjS-CiLpjj *« Jc fJ jU*Jl Jc Lib r ^l,y.l Jja-\ < JU j! Jej
ilj Sj^-j 5jaiV< *U^V1 <ik^ J \jA\ olj^Jl JJ ^Ij ( \A^A ) *L^*V1
4
c^^L^Jl Jidl j-ai 6^ t> ^ ii-^i 1-^J'^" *bj L Jlj ' -W J! ^
J ^a cljj j* - jJ^Vl 0^" il * U^L- U"**'" u J .J JI i?^^ J t^jV^ ; w-
jLC_^lj ^.^1 ^1 <ikL. Jc ^i^ ^>>J ^jH\ 0j~?^. - ^U-^r" ^H 11
• ^jjJI ^^Wl oljJJU 4^>.y j ^-^Jl jj-^1 v*^' OV 'U>«ii a»j — o^c
<J <u53j • oijJl aii j ^.^Jl 2-W1 J V. j* kf. l f A S ^. O^J « ^Aol
YVY
C*
<AJb«4! <^
tt *
1*
1 < *5>4I <JaJL41 ^.^J^VI <U^)I eUr
*Uj
+fr
_ Lu. ^T ^ jl _ ^ ljU^ ck ^| S^ui eUx . ( N AT • )
<> ±*u. <*_>£>. J)j^ < ^JUl <> Joi, r l&. _p jp oU, U i- ^u ju.
#4
+ 1
j^ 1 »yij ' ^j* 11 e^j' £>m <j^ co^^i j -
S J!^ /> <^>UVI
U:
<wVl it. «£>• oJlT ais
VI
_«silj < a^oM SJi-UJl oUl^Jl ^ ^U « U^i; Jc ,j!yUJVl Sjuaj. ,>J1 j
.?
5jU. ...I|
1 L
* \+-„JS u^,>-Jl ^1 *ej«* viUi axw. A5 j C j^JIj Jl^lj o^Jl »jiJ»Jl <~*
• U^U Uy; ^Ife^Jl J>^Vl jj»\ c iJlJu^ 1^^ eUi &
^^ jit^i 4jjb^ J\ ( \AV* — \A\V ) Lib ^b ilaij Jlj wl o* J> ^
* t/J-
^^ gJWl
h
<il
JLU ^ y> ^y^ii o> Jm . J^f >*>■ (Jl Oji^-1 AJs ^-xo £_l~iji Cu'lf
\
J1>
• NAN N -Ulill <^JL. J O^ 1 ^ 1
V
V
£
Sbl
c
j*+ J\ JUU\ lkU» 4*j1 \AW- UY- joi/J! u-^l 1> U*u*i
ujJuft) a j-*.c)jl °-^ t> O'
U
a-jj
jUJl jjjJl ^ j\j,s\ jASil Jl .^^ ot WJlj <> UU*
* 0) ***>a»Jl j^ tJ U» j Jl^Jl j£ £UjOI wi**> ol ^a- J I j ^ L^i
<J <>J ^ ^ «* iJJj Je j^^ JLjuM o^*JL^J\ 0' c> " A *- > ~
J
*u^j^^ 0^ J»jJ^ j> tJ *3 jSj\** -u ^jw W UX^ ^^ a*J ^^^ J1 ^bj-Jl
u^er u?.^' A ^ } . V 0^" tjt J**** o 1 l/^j < 5 >^ ^^ U wjLASCy \X* j^j
-oal c^J- jflj ^'k^JI > jl Aiy^l ^U ^L^cV^ A . 0^ ^'b - £j*+ c,^
^k oJlf l^iflj ^U ^>Ul 0>J1 0- JjVl -iwaUl J OJU^ 4jyU. JU^ (\)
If
k;
V
T
i
rvt
%
'J^-JI jli C \y 'Hfl
j ^u 01 J i <~>.-^Jl ^" ,^-j <jt z\J lit -bl CUi jui
-Ul,>
^
jui * _^d SwywoJb jjil <*U a^-jo* Jl <^^ — iwjliil v^ ^ OJ> '
^ eUUll pL-^:*Jl oUjI-41 J_*:Uw> jj\ £«J^> <zl*>-J i <JLc -i*^ ibLu c
^.jTj
£
SJij l3\j-*^J JaJU^Aj U^ ^\ O^L>J\ J-jJ\ £)U« ^ j^LP J^U
*LcVl cuJoUjj t Jl*V^ U-*- c^-^^jij *u^> (>U1 »jj-a^ c**~Jl JJiJ ♦ oULLMj
4 ft-»Jl j Jj^O. O 1 ^ U *>^J °J
*UUl OJ^J' 0^ cf^ (_5^ ^^^ J*^
* *
4^U ^U* <>-ljX*-- l«JL^ v> lkU aL^}\ o> iWj * \^^
ijs. JU^^» jl Jail OJIT UJU) itu&b oUaj" ^ ^>-UJ\j t JI^Hj j^u- ^ li'j^
jfjj a^ u ^jUJ1 o^Jl V U^u*\ j*i >mJ Coif Uilj ***li c o^l J V^ 1 J^ 1
Jjlwlj (j^T JU JUj*w Jb 0*0' jt-^el ^ ^»lxll o^ t> oU»^jJ\ J>^
pj^Ju, ol ^^ (>= ^*^ cy' 1 -^^ oU»JW -aJS" tooxc ^k^, \o* U Jij • 4ikU1
J^r J^ L ^b^^l ^ <JUJUJ^ o^jr^ 1 ^y^ J^ ( ^ U J^ J1 ) ^^ 11 5 -»y L L ^ b -
li
\
** . ■*
I <u^i
^iTI IjiU- 1J^ olT ^&j • ( NAVY ) -u5>lj ^ <**^^ <^Uj ^^^J J <s_M^
iliM ^j, UJ^ SU1U V^.J^ 1 ^^ J^' i/ 1 W>-^b L «^ ;: r ^ ^^ l/ 1 ^
■ ^
1
1
■i
1 -
: 1
, ■ r
■_■!
r
mm -
k
■l ilI
vro
:
.
i
%■
k*$
I'-rl
eU]> jic. ^ c> **>■* jj^ -4 ^j l- V* (>i j ul olkUl ^Jj. jj ^j , Sjjii
• 6
It
>
b
^ a*^ j^s oli&JI cJlT ^05" • ^.uJI *Ujj ^U *UcJ < jI^nJ! ^ *uc
ui e i>ju-i <> jUrvi <> ^.W-iJi ^ js. a**-
-ui ♦ ^L&ll
_? «n
0*° *"^^
:.v
ol ^ J' <ri>- J 6ir r un i ur i ^* j i <iu-jij ^j«ji
^
.««-A*
L J
j VI o^Jl <^
f L^Jl J\ UJI -ui^S ^U a*>« j^ i j^i
Jtj; V V 1 - 2 * 1 ' <W ^^" ^
ft*
0, 3^ U*^ V^JUJI SjjjJIj ^aU 4Ju*>
• ( \AT' ) Lib jjb Ui^ ^JUi-H
, .■
d!
*^
^^fll JjoJl o^Uad 4
^ J^-ll -^3 JI -A*/ o^J * Jj^bVl 0- ^>J1
1 T
^L o 1 -^ ( ^AVV ^^ <1^^ jUC^ ) L^jj «_* <^
ft
^
*tA(& IJCfl
s
T
.^
iULU
\n
* ■ i>
i
i
-r
iljjdl o^ - )) J^ < tiUlU ^UJl l^^-oL^ 4-Jlk^JI <,j5iJ! cuicU ; ^
j# j 4>J^ L^ oo^jj i ^41 ^1 a^ fUUI J 4*W» jj£H 'j^'i o>*Vj
_ ■ r '
1
»
J
I
s
NASN
NAVY JiU-
•*-i <j;jjj^ ^UiJI js&li U* ol'/^V je.A>Jb
Ljj*S\ z*J\ j c ^jl\ ^---.1 < u; jd! J>U^ J eS^t ^^J^ <*jl *L<^M a^
: J
t
**
^L>
\
Y
<ikL« j ^JLT j*\ ^j >J1 ,y ( C ^J\
• o>»
V
^•^^H*.^. .^ „- -t**^**,,^-^.
-.^/^r^'.^ '
— ' IJW"
.n<
1
r >
S
rrv
A
f
■L.
oLUUai J l*J* oJ^'ol £Jbr ^ I41I ^ * jl* ^i*** c-^i jlj ^^ JT
o
ill ^Jk* J VI UxiX. j^ JT 2^1 jux-j ^ c JJU J juj>j JT •
iijoJi ^^3J ^u ji^
JT JjjJI a*c *y M \ Uuic ( \ <\ * \ ) j^A*il
• \ Vfo J jU^Jl l^Jl o^-ij ctfl J' Jly V^ <i]U1 <o^-J1
ij.Vj < u*4t!> *** ( (i-^- 5 ) r 1 -^ ^ c ^V^j *^ ji uj^ tf" : r usJ»
ifl tj^^^f ji <Jj1ji\ ^15"^ c ^LU J^>- ftjUlj * ^aill aJm^ju* c ^d
&] jaJI ^>\H ( <l^u^ ) ^ <Jjj L.UV mJI oj^> 1>ITj ^^41 (> Lai;
> d-u^j v ^ju ^^ ^ < jjj-Ul <^>U-j ^;mJ~41 {k>j r ^- J . t 1 -^ J 1
J
-Us yJ^j J-Slo J U * J^Vl <4U\ Vj >J\ ^j ^x*. <J^^1 *lti *LufcMj.
* ^Xc *4^lil1 J^xlJ J)^-Vl
*Ujt O^-io l^-^3^ < *L— «L^-j i <)JiL^cilj 4 4,^Jju ^^ ^Ui^uJ Ca^U ^ru^-o
* [4] ^Lk^ JMx^V^ J^ f j>\jc -u>.1 ojy JI oil <JU
0:
1
J*°
;1
4 » ** *** *
* <u ijiixJ ob^^JI oi*,?-^j <L)Ji$ll oj_j.iJl 'i^jh
V
j-Vl ) l ^i O'UJI S^Vl ^U c^a5 oi iJl*JUll <JjOJ\ oJlT : ^Jbl^L _ A
N<\Yo J VI (\)
VTA
• -^Jbt^ Jl UILjI c**JLjf { VAA\ )
j^U aj,I »>J1 ^y J! j*j ,> o-lk? ^ U^. *_>>■ L^'l UJ^i ojjI : _yO><Jt
M
r ■
•v
i
" 1
♦ jU»J| -J>)^\ ^c
##
■'ir : *£•
£jjx4\j> -uU-IaM oUl^vaJI ,>. jvi5Cll u>'Ui Oii^dJ <»tf ^ o*J : o*-^
• e -J1
>
'■ H
\>
J
J
I
• • *
'<"
i=V
->A
rrXtitfj
ir
r
m
m J
t
1 L
J^jxll jjuaxjl j L-.^"-." y *iUi U^ U—^' A'^ SjW J £,^^ ^ cJa " c ' -^
Ik*
f*
;ir
* \ AVI J 4\jft\ jl^Vl yl Ub c~.u a, <> jLiJl
rv
V UU1 J ( ^ J.U4II J^Jl ) j* ^ r U "^ ->*** ^.-^ ui^* uri J
: Wjj <> — »^Vl J-Ji*? oj-^ cJU i>UU ii-u
• ^-^L^Vl <i** JSy: jC-fc ytfl <;^*i ijjC-u^jJJ
\
i^*jla« j*^j- (jji ^»>s^ J^ ^^^>vi <^y coir ^ j? S» v.jj^vi JjjJ^ o^
T
X
i
p.
3,
£
£
J
*
*
<lj)jj| 2j4£. Ja^-S {f> (\\*\~- NAVA ) JW\ J^>^\ -U£ jlkl-^Jl JL^£ j-L*
\t
Z& Jt\ f Ub «ijj»— -dl 5JJL41\ f Uj Vj^ 11 <K-*U fW U»^»J *»'V V^**-"
»^*= j . ^-"^ ( ^Aol
L
* obVjII c»"U ijiurj '( ^Udl) ^>bVl r U» JUL? l^-b Jc
■<*~~M o*W V~JI £*»>-■ o> UJ » ^j Uuc o33j u^jVI-o- <-U* <CJU*. C *U»
Uj^ Oi-^i r* -> ILtJ ' c^-J «JV^" u-j3j v^- ! ob u*J Jk Jb c^ ^
• ,^1; ^IjVl jIUuM £j«A J*- ■*» J J 1 / ^^* J'
.j <4?" u^^^ *USil> ^-ai o^J Lj"l>
<u*y A5j obVjfll o>>'tf U
j^i ir Uu — u ^ ir obVjH o^ <^b t^'b^t f^Jl<3^ kr ->. ^ jr;
*^ ^ « uJ^iJ*- -£* Ck&JT * J hW <^>J ^-U* J-Ab.,
. *
Ji- ULa*
* f lUoJ» 1JU (Jt \J*± oife ^UulVotwuaJ.I o.1 u*
ft.
*&>«:
U £ -r*
<a*H ^y.~** Ji\ i^Ul -Jjj j>w*jJI (3^*^ ^l-^ - L^ c
l«
■♦ <JL^j, 3jI> ^jy^jJi «uUi; JLJLjr.^lc J*«> Lib co-ju J*>- ^JiM ^Vl ^^Ul j
a*.
Jl Dj'"^.?^ j^-^-*J^ j1jLu»1> *4>Ij <JUi*!l aJjjJI J 0^^^^ rOt^yt
% ^ u-jjl JJ^ J ^ > J^ ! J ^'^ ^^^^ °^ J Ub -? fi V**^
\i\
U-^j cs~J>J Mj c <JU^Vi ,-J^Li-* Jt uwjjl J*>- jJUl < LLL J >J3\ jLoziVl
*uzj LjUl) c^-^lj 4-JUiJl iijjW J* ( \AVA - ^AVY ; jiU^ oU o^U«
4
r
+
L*»u>J Jj:> ^6Jj-o J-»jt ^c \j>jJx^ <L>Ll*]1 <Jjaj\ j£ ^ijjill «JLuaJ1 oj^?. ^ l^'
J?sJ lyd^cil <L*La^ jlj-~^ •i'-U^aM 1-L& (j (J^JjU Lg3 J^xaJ ioL_w^V1 ,Jji <£j*.>Gji iJU^J
I
Vb jjasl\ ^ *>r^ c^-^1 <JUi*J\ aJjoH o1 : ^j -LiLJUJI <SjaJl Jj,>j'
,J1 J.J>tijVi jUx^H ^j» 1j£A> (j-« i)L*> J^b Aj^^jJl iljU-JJ U-jw^ js^^l-^^ ^ y^^Ap-ci
<> J^ <> J^>41 j>*J1 <~^£ u^.j^' ij\ c/*-^' b'^' ^^ '-^ V^^r (J^
i
>U^5\ ^ic UUu t Jj LJji u*. jf rf JlArVl j^ U^Lol J»^J1 o^ 'L^L^JI oJu& J
• <JUi*J\ <JjaJl oLVj
J>L-^=-V -kta>J' OIOJJ ^j^J! ^Ui ^^1 OJ^.1 JL* ^yi^M CJ15" ^JlJLU;
L
,A-fH»
i)U^ olT UT oj.jf j a ^ Jt i Jc s^l^Jl J^ ^jx— f. ,J:eb3- olfj ^^.
^1 ^S jbji o^b j^ jr-JU^-fVl J>^^l Jk JJhj* &** ( Lib jb^' ) j^w
^ ^.^jt-il^ L-JmJ yjL>«j' V 0^ v* 3 ?^. ^.J-^J^^ Jj-^ 0^ iSjl 0^ l5"^^ ibL^>~~> U^jI
* oLi>jUil sa!U Js. \^^JlS J\ l 4 Jc L;b V^^*" 'tij^W obVj fL-*xi< J>-1
<JLjUI1 <!_3oJ\ JJLij* jl Jl col ci»bljJ*Jl a- ^j-*^ jwi^lj ^'jU -U£ ^Uij
t*
^5 i as lyl^'l 61 LJy cJutf\ Juii 3.^^*1 i :11b Ji*^ LJ U • oLiLH r t
( 'U^>U^Vl
^A-^U 1
)^)
w
u 51 W>J
1 Wrb tycll ^^531 JTL4I ^ ^ ^ JU
1 <w^4Hj ^y
c <*x^ oLASlu^ 4>-lj • ^"LtJl
NAVA *^ ^^. j^"> <3^j1 J <^UjLjlM
Jj^JJI <»&J1 ol U^licc! Jj C villi ^ jztfi] — jyx-ull V — j* <Jl aixcl^ iljjjl
j jjUjus- V 1 *^ '^J^ £+>X -^js * <*f,^- <*^U oby yJkjj o^Jl J 1>Of
UT Jp-ljll juiI J1 <LJ jL* J) jWl OC>. J
1 aw*J\ a-x ulkLJt ^j
*5 qjz oWil.uU
>w« <A^uiJ ju*>J1 *uc 6W -ui
<^1j j**y ^jUy ^jU <4 coif JjU ^^ Spj^ i^L^ ,>->Jb *~^ **^^k
* 6>Ut
*
m
fjfi. u J^m oUU* ^j < ^1»>L-Jb t ^*ixm ^ ^^L*>* ^y — «^1 ^ O^-r^J
C-» 01 JJ** * -UJbuO Cr^W 1 (^^U-Vb ^ JuJzl\ ^JJI JU-JJ a^ Jil ^ :;i, uirlA 3 ^
J-
s
r *
TiV
<*U»t>Jl Sj& <
*A*
^oiv^i
i*jV ^uu <ju oof ^ ^u- <ji»j*ii <jj4j'i cotr
\
^uXJL
lt-^ ii-^ N AA\ <llw# j*j>«^ fj^j*
kA
J
•A*-cs^>ci
M
A>
JLU ^kLi <!jaJI iJU ^k ^1 jJUi f u» ^,'UiJl • ,jjl oj-u^
I
-?.'.•>
.0- ^Ji v« ! k> J5liu-V» J>-1 0- u-jVI "ojjS ,> cujy ^1 4-^jVl <*j'V1
V
r i
J' ojij c-/ Je J^xJ oUjJl l^ttl ^l <^.j53l <,jVl
• OU^H «u~a) U4J NA^V iu- J ^rUM (S*)] J*
r
t
■*n
Lf°" J
• ^ijxi UJjj J^i j\ col j$\ w^l i.;Vl
1
V
^^».Aj*n j>I
-
3
■i
i
L"
i
^
^nz_=— 1,
fc
J 4?
m
r
1
I
■Uc .■>!
J sJ Jjj^oJI oWryl yiij, -u^M 4-c 615" ^j i ^Ja^l 1JU J* jfy cjIT
1
^IT ci^H ^ J <uflj Li»1 l+> tJ e SiiUi vJLL ^JJl ^jjjU ^w j4 fej
* ^j-* i^U-j bjj/u U,a^ LLUjl ^Lj'^j v^ 1 J**~.1 J^ ^-o.
l
<>J] <-)j.o-J LJ»y? JL-A2 ^.j^' V-? 1 -^ 1 J-? * 0^>*Jtj ^^> J ^jtj^ ^ii^>
j^aiji ImLj o \-->- 1 _^1 1 J ijjA>cJl ^J oljL.-ul\ *.**^i^-o jj£is "*■— ^J ^""^ ^■■*- t '
1
,^> JU>i
.Ac
* iijdl £-* SljLUl ^a5 Jc l^^J p^'i a^^.
^^ NAV\ jyi-^-J -^ 1 ^ JU t/^^ jl^-^l <-o* JI ^jL-H o^Ji 0^ J> ^
;ir
^wtfLfl J J-l
1.
ri
. ?
r
i f r .n j
■ - V
VI
I
I
I
*ft.
rf
1 T
■ j
r
■c
r
L
fc O. ■ ^ _
■■ i
$
1? *
T '
I
IL
^1
I".
f
I
.1
r ■
^
tf
■ H
^.
I
>
1 L
r
it
?
- J
J.-
ft
1 '
1
■" .
!
YS«
j JjJkiVI Ujjl A** ij.jUl ^ji
#4
r^
C>UJ /-i * -ulc Sit Jl Sjlij.
A
*1
* oLU J Oj^j^J
-T-
u*£ J*" ^ J~V. Ol Oj^ ^^ ■<> ^UlJl olkl__^Jl jl* J^*> ^I^CII &\f
AJ>UJ I
^>- ^t^fll <$>- J 0jJi Ij.-lO ^, j jJkJVl L.1 V 1 *^" «J>d»
+ * I
p^JL«J i
j ^-wJI ola^iU A/jSJIj ^jJl ^jUil ^j 6j s l^j ^ cJlT
-^ ^>-> jL ~"Vi W* J^rJ -*i c> ^J jJM v^Vl eUJL> (jtflj Sji^Ij lli'j^
J*ij Jli-1 ,> V-^ 1 'UfjJl -a3 jj a-A^^'Vl <-jS^- J ^.» VJ JI ^j Ail
I
yl>J1 u^ J V.^ <-^t j^fe t> o>fcw ^'IT ^.^^'Vl iliyvi fl J
jUjVI
•t
t<
b • Vj>l I5"lyn_,iir ^j OriJJ 1 — ^ Oji-al*«"V» otf" AiJca.-i>JI
L>1» l5ili 0' Jljftl Jj>*, yi^ 0- ^ J. iJlyVl A, J iJjOJl jy>\ J& 0'\
Jj^J
^f
if
• ■
t-
^AcAJ
: oUi'VI U* j oU^I >Ui oi>0l oij • ( dl>^\.
\
oUV^l j ^bJl <AJ c^-^1 <*f,jXH Xjillli
* JaJii 'iS ,xJb jJUa?
r j
J\ -kSjM
A\
\
Y
^1
i_,U ^ ^ ^ \•A AiajjJl oLi'^Jl o-J.'** oLiU^il oo^l L-uxj
^ oir VJ JI o- v L ^ 1 <i>Ji °/' V ^^ ^.j ' Jj^j J ^'V1 <^*=r ^'- t;L -
LuaJir <Jl^Jl <1_ja!U l^LUjl ijUV 4^_,iJl JU jLjxil ^^ cob' U-u* oLi'^Ul
■a -b ^^ ***^« *f^^ I- ^ : ^^*;:?> ' tv **tfW* * r ^ - '
itW-* *"*^- ' - hni K ^-f A
TH
^joJI 1
^ ^Vl ,,-udl ^r, ^i oji^Ui-Vl ^ iSjJffJVI J^J
tf.>J~Vl *£*J
J**" pli ^ Siilj^ <jUi
J <U- ^j j^l ^iJU^i v j^n j^. ^
^1
_^ o>U». 3-J>M -i> t ^ 3 Jl c*L».j
-t-ja; cJlT Ulj ( ^ >Jb jUjV) ) <^J1
oJjo ,y: »j.iLs> /Jo
nw
4*J1 <*_£>J1 j i)1_/V1 Jjid LiwbUo. ij^c oUl^l j. .y
f^jJ' J*Ai JjU U^ai u J^.J c \j Jo__j UJ
lj)^*-l
uu
hAC
* *li»Jl J^fj yj Jl o^, ,^.^,41 iNyVl v *^- t> ^^- oU^zil j^J
: <Jsf.^ 0^1 £»>! JJl^Vl JjUj
• T^J
.ffiOj o-WI <>. v^ 1 yJL!»J JjJII
0'UxLJI ^ f l3 ^1 <LiUJ! <JjUll y lif1 J VJJ 0I Jj*\ ^u^JI Sji* col A,
ft
* a/j^J Cxrr*^ **jjj (r^ \^\j v^Jl *bJj» 1>u>1j *u**Jl ojOUJLJIo^'
^ AaJ
I
J
v*
+ »*
*^>«j' J] l^-^-Ji "Ujfc^hoJI oJ
OJ15J <*T^xJl i^i^ill _^j] yJb w-jL^.^ ^jJ\ ( i^J^
• O 1 ^ 1 J^ O^ 1 ^J^ *> ^J^ 1
uv
cJVjlJ^j ^UjVI W J s ->/ y^Jl J-1 ^ cJlS-
C* • ^Lflj VjJI JJi^-l ^^ JlyVl I*. f _^_ - J*±
• ( \«\\- )0«J?j < ( W<\ JUUa^JI) Ji, 4,^ oL*** ( I )
5J>0| Jib j\« Uj_^ otfj fVJSJlj o^l J -i^'Vlj *ij»i\ v> (
1
4JL
-n
-O ^U ^ r llij Js. J_^ J o^ OLU «J1
<JU±J1 olkLJl
J.
■ 1
I
obVb *jjf>5in v > )) oWj ' < y.jjjVl ^jSi\ J jail 4,L»*
i l^L, L^y i^jj 4jji <,_^ Jj1 _»iWVlj i^i v j^ jtf
. V
J VJ J1 oHLJI f J, &i\ ^jV! ^1 > vdUif • i^l 4T_^U \fj. ^,{
<>) liiJJ JJ^Jl ^yCli ^ JL i-1 j» 1^1 <s>n P Ux; ^ ^j 4;Lt-,VV
e-y t> V^' i- ^
-Jl
■v-y J i^^^ ^J-di ^^j UsUcj ^;5.j ^^,
-a* -itx^ J ^iiLUlj ^4*^11 I^pJ V ^J| ^UxjU j^jc
ji cJUiij Vj ji ij^" J^ J^" ^*j ' ^^^Y' <jjjui <o.iL«vi <*~>j! cuiv
^Ji lac Uij v^l oljl^yi JU c >L^y ^-uVl J,.jUi^ai j.ljj.s-1 1JL*
• V^l 4jJJl ^ MjL41 f Ji Jc ^L~-j
UA
' S ^J1 <'. ^1 =L*jJI ^Ul ^ ^Vl ^i>Jl j
■fc l<sJ
-T"
ft
I
L»1
*T
I
^ ^U CUi^s: <***>. Jj^all Js. jiyi j£j^ eyi5" 6 %j!b U J^S <J \#\ V\ * ^Jlk^All
o*j v->*^ J ,= H u- J*-* 7 ^^ ^j> t°-9 Vj*^ Js»LH»l' ^ a^U coif j j^JI <^^=r
4* -> Cv/ .
^
1 Ljuc L-fl^* JSlj LJ ^1 ]jl\S v ^i ^1 UJ ^> <lf 1JU ^>j
c^.^ ^^IwJl j£&\ jL.Zx>\ ,Jb Jj^d) \jux> -icL-^j
J1 v ^l ^iij N^NV <l^ j ijUUJl SuiUUl vj^JI c^j L*j^*i ^Ji ^_j
>
IS
• fr
^
l5Clu^> 6i 0^1*^ ^3 V-H^ ^" ^ u^J ^V^ v°' l: r
J^J- o^ll J <*o*n obVjJl o.^^lj v ^!l ^^ t j 4 Jj^liVl ^ ^^^^ j.^
i*3
Q
y <ijuai j^yu iSi^'Vi ^^^- o^i ^u ji}^ u^ ^j <vU^*ji <Jj-^^ <^ u
fi-'H
■-Y
i i^ ,!i ojit'
, > J..
■■ H
vn
• bj^ jUji l^U, ,^.^-Vl ji-judl JlJ
VjJ J! uUl jLT ,> boc c****J j^-jH a^jUUI l^kJ! rJ Lii' 61 L^J= o^
uli >JI jirij ^1 S U*1 ^ ^Uxll J| ^L^, juir Jl ilyVl >^j «>-&>.
: 5JU1 i^JJl obl>M J* j-^dij ^
\
*Syi\ *iii\ Jj^,\ r o^JI o^Vjl! j o-jUll <AJ ^^Jl 4JJ11 6jio- i
Jl L-Ul ^^141 ^ Ji«j ob ^.jUjH y^Lti Vj Ji ^> ^ J^. ol
rv
£ t^ib^
\
V
1
£■
• V.^*J' ^V>I1 J J*] jOL*1 j ^JUVl ^^1 plA^W.1
i
d
a,
)
4
■I
u
^J liJ 1
jJI -u^>Jl o^c <ulc js^a j-oJjl^ t-i* ij L^jj^3 «J ,J
L
Cf^r ./**■* ^-4
jbi
6*i jJjj V 4^aU- Sjbl 1^1 ol ^.J <JUlc «U^ ^r-a^ o' ^^ *W3^
\
<Ji«J Usui <*>•>• <rJ=>^l ».>&J1 OjSj o' v** o&J
ijj^iiV 0»-'J
U>,a
aI_*jV1 V*^ u 1 * b>^ ^^1 *V>j JU>j j>1j til*. o-lI» *4*-b J*
r^er
v
j* J ' V
4jL- ^ ^A < ^^ <j^ -^ J ij«« *** jth^w o& a^ ] ^^ V^M
t
l j to . < ^^^ r^ j\ Moa,
-^ e^^« Jf y <> ^uv^ c u c u^i
5 J k t JKc^T viUi jSu ol v^i g<JWl J» *i«-y oUSHj o^Ui«JI ^.
u\
J*Jj N'WT^L^-Vlabi
\J\y>ts-\ *Ui* jj.4- J^ oLi; UUlj o^UrVl
^A-li j* fc^l* jJ^XJ ,L^y| ^ iJlyVl JjL* !
VI ab
C*
u^*- 3i>J' **~c
04 oj>j*i WW r U U,o« ^1 3,^1 j ^ v , | ^^ ,
JjB
\J^\ te
jUa. 4,4,. J^j o.yO! Sj^ ^.y- , .,
*^ c-^01 0j & ot «»U>J1 JiJb 6^ 6- <-U k*~J %;V 6-^-Vb,
*.*M W> Jjw Ob U^ Ulfcb v^Jl '^J^\ J>uj 6b Uli V*^l
<5> ^ ,> obdj-01 oJiiJl UT jjj^i j^ji ^ ^ 1JU ^ ^
u^
UVl
vuiji <.^i cj^i ^.^b jUij ^^ < ^.^j, y JAl , j ^j^j, ^
-kJUl U* jUcl <> oU>Jl Jijrl V ^J1 J^ jka ^ w ^ j >ai . ^ ^
• iJ^Ul v>UJ U-jii,.
J^J Vr <> <W 0* J i
t oj4*- ju» : c
4j>ui j <^jji}\ ^jui <uu* ^u
*+
J : V 1 ^ S-^yll <i>«aJl U
J-»J u>1 0J* oljU-1 UUw/j t-j_^^ LjUV cJLcl obj^odl i^ ^j i 4J J4 JI
; J^" °^ Osi-^' *-^ 61 VI ^.jJt JjJJl J V. jjjVI J^Xll JjaJI
1
T*Y
iljoH Jl W J JU l» UHI c-lTj • o^Jl Uli cJ^ VUVl \JL^\
*Jl
*iJ»
1-1
i 1
3l
1
? I
I
, L
1 I !
I I
«
pUI 5^5" i>\y] ^.-Ja jUaiH
UVl
^j^l Jj-Ul o^ -i jj«lLi < U^i^l 3-JLJun 4jja.ll Jl ^.U J tJltl oJlT
J jj> ) <>• *
N
T
r
! :
i
j
r
] i
t ■!
■ F
i • '•
'\ J
1 1
«.JL*J1 ) 4. ^O 31 ^ '^jij^ 4*.*>* l3j ( d\3j,*.»3\j
) J«J1 &\j jj. ( jIlj*J^
<^U1
■ *
^
a__L)1J\ Jl jc-u. ^y a ^j v 141 ^ (J* Oj^^J V 1 -- 1 *" **Jj-aJ>
i a?.
•jJIH
^-iis^jj ^"^j ^'UT illySU j-u^- j$\ ^ '^>\J\ oi* ol ^L^l J* V 1 -'-> k,,
1JL* O-Qj f ^ • i .li-sjJ^ i5L»jI\ Uji- aj.,^=U V-^ 1 ^ U L ^ j ^ i *J^J J> M 1 J^'
<i <_>j*S\ IS J J>j ,> v^l -«3>» o^ ^Ui • o
i,^l ^1 Ujljj fUi^ll Jbil W-iJ oa^ r JV51 ijJUj jjijbj L^J cJlT
J
LS
**
j^Vl l^.J *Jj.1j <yU^Jl <lj^ ,> ^jjil^ ^ ^.-^ Cx
■ h ■
I!
ii
i,
-^
. - ^ 4
*'l
L ^
ll 1 -
£-.&
W "
YoV
UU1
4*
V^lc^i'UaUj \\\\ ii-iHyVl^UiUic-Sjai ^yJl c-JlT
Jj«i < J>*»- ja iHyVl > V ^JV jLo JU o»JI f L.J t L5 1 jj»j VI JjU. J jVl
,1
,-> u~~" ^U*c* j*Ai .u, WJ1 4Jja)1 !_^ ^ >UJV1 otfj U , , SjbJbJl
* mm
' JsV'Vl ■*** ill /V/l
O^js < u-djaVlj j^ JT ^jl*. J\ U^lj jJ*JVl J*, olio jiljJi J ui
• vUiJl aJj-JI «uwj cJITj jju f lX^ a^j JT vrl^. J ^^ ^ J)Ja ji ^
f^3 0^ oj^ r > l^tf jJk»yi ob <~U- JJJ Ja±l
0i /
A*
b.yviJl Lt
**
ft
41
, j*^*h er^ 1 jW*J' />' , ;Uidl <AJ^J1
*#
(JU C
r ■ ,
1
S-L^l'j V^» VUUJI obVjII Jilo J Ox Sj-f ^y | 1^ ^ji
"
AijjJI obVj
o*U CU^IS lilj ^.^C^C ol
44
11
if «x^ oj^l *i_* Ji^ oli « ^a* Jl* tS vJ>JVl
VI
4*
*4
4*31 Jl <Jl^Ul
44
j«J1 oL^Jl ! Ji^l u £ L^„j am l. ol*r* i <> vJkil <wu~*o l#l» ^
' rv*Ai-
.U^jJl s v> O^J ^j* lS^ 5 " S jy O^ JL^V ^ oj^l j^'VI ^^ ^j
£
jJ^jvi <^j j <u,^n asui^j jijjj^viy.jji^Lisii ^jj^oi^ <_,
u,
r
. ^
ob JuiT a;! j$]j Ujy* jl Jiyi Jl ^ji. jJUJVl i^, V ol 6^41 ^k ^jc
* . 4
j ij^j jj^jvi o^j < J^ c^^ 1 ^ j^^'V^ u '^ j^Vi o- ji^i j
j
>&)
■t
*t
3
J
-.1
1
t
m -
Cx"*- *-kjJM u> **A -V s <•*» J~*rt <i«i *L*lj • ^>? 4-^a**& ^ \^SuJ ^u*!
'^•i Ok -4-« <^j-* ^U 0*^*1 j JlyVl JUi ^ oj^l ^^V1 4-Jc ^»
c^»^
I
^c*H 6^CJ J,}*** ^a]>y ojy j^lc. O-JI JT <J}L^ ^ ^*j ^...o- wjL^JJI
• c*UuU41 Jed* hr*~* -«i^J1 0^* ^ * ySUJUll <iJ*J! l^ilUI
* p-^j . ViVi-i m 4j.jJ J_j& o' 0J J
*jJi>. ^jk o^»-«j Ji~^ J'yVl JUT Jich oWi «u^ii -v>=j «j*—»- wju.jJJL \ilj
V _,*J1 *UcjH JUT Ja^j Sj^Dl <>; <J_^ ^aJl J^'Vl JUT Ja^j ^U- JV
,£_*N
j J^AJi »U. Jt. Jj^l J>-1 ,> j^-Vl J* JsJl-611 <> "Uji^i Oi^
' l/
;l
~i«U
} J* Lib JU~ 41^- J-i TJ^ J15" CjSj <^jU^ j* V. jJb V-r^ 1 ^ U ^
^^Ui>^i 0^-^ *-^ 1 Wi i/ll obj«i! fij N \ N o *J— J ^'U* j J- \**
• yj-» ju-- JV 0* ^ ^> _u i r* 1 ^ J ^^ ^^ ^ b ' ^
Jbj ' v~ j Lf jUa i^ J< " u ^ 1 >^ J <>=-*■ - i " rA " ^ oVUalV * °^ J
^J.»^iJV
_uj ' oy 1
UC
ilU-^ f~k. <*J^il o5U-^jH ojbj x*-jJ» J^r-^
_Vi^J\
Uliuj, ijbV. -JUv V.^i J>*» ^ ^J u— J "^ >>^ J ^.^ ^^'
." .;1L V , ^ SojUl oU^U\ Or— -*-"*» r^^ " 6 ^ ,J "^ ^- Vjl
• VJ J1 J^u-b Oj^^U -i^j V.^ 0, > V, >
_H H -
■«:
tos
: i
0*
u°
*ia~~t1 <j.jJ1 <Jjall o1 l4T>j ^1 j^l 2^ o«-*J' -i~~tf <«J».
UJ L-i ji f&j V ^U iU < sijL-il poi Jfi Oi-^' a* J&\ a** ^-M ^^
y ■
<L-^Jb
• LmJ^ 4^»U.j (HjiLiU £* 2ij«Jl ^"UUil <> Vj <2k4l J SjjUjtz^Vl"
I ■■
: ^lc Cwi) ^1 ^.. uki Ja ^ Jill <3\i3\ \j»j$£\ oLiLbi Zac \j^ajj
• JljJi JU j liUij ^ ,>. ;^ ju Uyi
\
Y
V
Ulk,
JiJ
L*J J
• i ltf.MM , ob Vj SLik LjJ fli
• ^.fc ..L i Jj jjjj 1^ »Llo. ^ jjJuSL-Vl Ojk" 0'
t
1
<t
■e>2
.i
jj^-vi oi
Iffi rSUGSft
^
*
J
x*~\
hjdk o' ojo V.j^ 1 ^r 11 J* r $~^'M ^jj*,^ -i** J^VVl J/ lail^j
LI I a im; Ija.;
*-*-*J
1 ^*uU Cuj (Jb l^^uJ Uai£j * luw Jfja^- J VI V.^>^' *^
j*x*& c ^ < ^^ v j ja^ ^jji jyi> acj jLiud s^t^r ^j_^^i ji s^ui uuit
<*5liJl ^j +a1 V-OJ c*cli1 <A.ai Vo*^ ^ **aJ1 Mjfil 1
0.
\
y f
£o
•+ f
un ul*
u~k ^
<JU* J Jr^WVI (>J>L*ill (J1 (_/Jl lifl S j*^° UjJl sLxjil (> V (*a3j f^llMj
dlli a*) c**j jQ^t>-aH ; )/ (J>- j£ Ij^f i^a^xj Sj^l o^V^H oil* a* j
ujjJl J^Ux^x-1 ijio b'^j-^aj* L«J^ij \j^\ ol £**»■ < <clai- cJlT ftjcjll oJ^> J* <jt
** ^.j^ JLr^ ,> >^' oJlT ^ < Vr-M 61 J* « jU>Jl j> \^ U»U
: h^Jj oba^j -U1 W*-^ V^ j oJ ^ J
\
i
^
^
1
.-]'# a
!3
T= -
f s
ft i
i
-1
'■
'l
J
V
i
ToV
1
V
• -£-11 ji>" ^ V i5i-^ J' JU1 f UH ^Ijl .uji ._ r
U*S
^ <^J * i^-^j J-^jll o^ UJ^ ^ ^ijlitfj c 4*UUM Lj^ ^c UjTU.
U*o J
y C ^AjUxi cJIT Ulk, ^ oU jJ>*VI »jk^ o*J :>Ui c-lT Jl^Jlj f LAM
11
I obV^b ^'^ LJlti^> ^ ^"> \<\U <u- J ^ . i^Jl -f
J j" a*
L - J j i <> J 5 "
lOxll J^a,
Jc V ^*J| <ii\j* *jjj^, S**4i obVjil oJlt La** (^>Jb ^LLu^l v UJVt
L
L
41 obVjll cJL-J Laicj * <?,jt;VVl 4jj41 J^ <^,^Vl Aj ^41 J-^'j
ob^aJll oi^ L^jjij 1^/d^Jl cuUUj ^j c bjJ.*Jl ji IX j*t L»1 <^L^V1 0^*
IjaH o^ ^J vj^ ^ bv^^ l *- ) >- w J^li^-1 o*cb villi ^k V ^*J1 .^3
J-^Uj.j ^^j aU^j y0>- o>w^1 <jjj \\V * <i^ J.1^1 j j.^j oU» j.^i'3^ IjJUc
i*^ > W
J J .'^ fl J J-^i 0^ ^'y oJiuj ^Lwmj^aJI s^k^i o^j
oJ^ ,> o^41 obVjJI cJiiljj j^JL«V» ylax;>U o^b a^-^ oTyj LeJj^
•* 4
f
1 <^^J1 Jj^JI Jc \jja~* ^jUz^Vl Jj^i! ^' ^1 oa,.^l ^jU-s^Vt
W)
T
Jc O^b*" C^ 3 vV-" 1 6- "^ ir" -r— J N< ^ 5 ^ ob>^ *i* ^b
p.li U J 2U\asl1 objilb' ^'^V a ^— Ijj>- Sjjb ' >M» ojy
r *
• • •
*» iwo ■ ■■■
■"€1 ;
u
^ U*fl£lj3
t h
II' :
till 1 j"^
i^lT -
ft '
11
' l t \r
£ Ml
^tt J &ji«di S^Vl a»£
UYT- No
♦ .♦
i
/#?^: irrrm
■>•■■-".
'*^'*^w--"''i^j(^ Jf /.-'^;^^^p"^' , .'V^ , ^:^ T ^'. T * u ' '
I
r.im.iA
■ 1
■: ■■
id
*%
w
ft
?!
"fll
"t
y c
i
r*-y« UJ
A«
n t
<~>>L
SjUa*Jl) 4^*k* ftjjj^ <ijU^ 4*-a«J J\ c
44
.<
~Jj-UIj
U-Ul l^J.^U. t tf^l 4^>L-y» v _^l jJT < ^lyVl yu^J
1*1 £^ « <-U <^i L^ ^j t I^y, V^-V v^^l
v .oai ^ui j i«ji o^u ^xji ijVi v^-^i H ^ ^a^ o'jii <-jr>
<u~1 ^J ^OJJ j. ^yi l^.^u ^ J£T ^u ^ o> l y^.,
^ i — 4U1., <J^| jJIjaJJ _ii*« J UUx— Jbj . ijijiVJ v^' JJ" <>
j a.
*A1 oL
~£J1
* J
j^u^L- L^i jjuzj ^ i**? ** I^a
jU
4dLul>
, • ^L^ ^U^( ol^l ^ <ito JJU JaJU VlTj « ^1 -jwj
cK-J
iU«JLi»1 J I Soiw.
"*~'V1 J I o^Jl
** — <-^>-aJ
•*>(?W' cJU^T 1
V^' <> j! ck«JJ <^U ^ p ]^ j\^ j^j) ^^, ^_^j, j ^ ( olxw
IF-:
- - ■ - ■ -^
■f^T^
"■••■-,-.
i. : a ■ +■;■*-- **" e •(^,.Hr.-^^-A:-^^ E-""'^ Ti '^' 1, *r*"*
t~u
• O ^
J1
^jU ^^
. * Ob^ J ^jTjlt <^jUJ< <*j£*Jl ^ ilk^
Ojy sa* li, U^jor Lf iS* i j*j f 4iU1 jL^J1 ^t j*» < ^.J^ J>* U
6* t 1
H 1
^^A-jjl i^Arf&Jll .iC JyfliOWi^.fl
JU- oj-i* u-*->t J*j^. o^>) ^*w jaij
OJj HI J U < ui>AJl >J1 c> oUiJUiH J UU * VOjl^ 0^o_^J tS^b
* ^Ijjii 3*JL-J1 a ij\H ol>L, J Jb^JUU) a ^iJl J\ L^Lwi
oU^ o^>" ^^L-J) 0» VI fi oUi J Vjl \j^J\ Cj>J1\ t+ Cx&M ol -e-j
*-* J j*^\ c (J> t j*1\ pjr^l jiLLiX^uLi i L$Jjes- o^^l) yot^-CJI will' i*.— jU <.*lc ijUii^ iJU*
* ( o^jy- ) j 1 ( o^-^j^ ) r-^
• ^ ,
^1 (\)
Lorimer: Gazetteer of the Perstam. Gulf. Vol. 1, Part 1. Cujwtta 1908.
1 ,'-
! i
i i
T f
i 7
i
!
J
%-
no
J^^l j 4jj^L>I^I j*^' u- w - vw >° u^J>£ *U~*1 vJ.aJI ^j^ ^.- > ^' J °^J
U\j^. i5U* o' o- 1 — ' J* V-^ -^b^ 1 ^J i5-il' ( Zorathushitra ) c^o jjj^
^lii J^j * bj
j j-^lp j tSj^J (j^jU j *4 J *^_?. J . *^_P JJ-&* U^ 1 ^^ A^' L*J
• y>LU J-i jUHj dJUl JJyi] J <*?jU' ^J^ 1 °^ u--> u J V u ^ j ^J"-^
a., j^j i ( V*J^ ) <SjjL\ { o^Oij V^ <J o^JSsj. Oj**jU< 6^.9
«V> V^^V 1 s jl-i>Jl C^J^I JUUC^jL*Jb ^jli |_^xi Jj J^l \T lilj,
o^ ^joj J _ r ^_^- i^jliJl jiUl oUj o»j»* J>ll ^Ull ,0«.l .^ L4I i\>-JI
r* (^■ ; ' , J -.-''UjUII a«j ^ ^aJ Ui^^i oi.^' ^ \oW L ^ l«->
» * if
J
■■O^A. -^. AA. A-^_i^
(M
• Oi^^J' S— LJI ii>UH <jjj
m
<> 6Vj t ( J>ti ) ^utvi u«ic~
cSj^ill «_»UT
tSjUosJI »4idl oVU- J IjxJUC
«
*- u-Jj" oi-*» J*=r oij>J3l Oi^L^l ^ ,^-uzll IJU ^UL.
U_~JT » ^l- « jjlj^l l5 ^ w , J » < ^ jUJ | _j^j UL-1
*U^>>( — *-«! i)U* SjU^j
•4
-*a >i ^u* jt , ^^juji ^ t j_yi :j
Ft
<-.
**oli
J u-jU J* J^l ^1 vililj^J 4, ,> S^ 4j^ ^ oljjl o^
Vy jUJIj ^Jb l«_| jd) ^ ^.^ . ^ ci , J| ^ ^ V| jUUJ1
• Vbil 5 -A-*»- oli
l*^ Jlj-Hj o-jU o^xi \jllhj JljJIj oUi—
*j'jil »> l**-/^ ^» — HJ1 015" Uj-j < _* AV* /,p
Jij
aj
j-^y
■La
•jr"*^!
• • ) <iji
' Ji ^ *i-aii«> U U«>j • ,£oU*J1 ^jU jojUI oLu l^oU.
: 4>«i
1 ij-Vl j^
.H iJ^'Ay oSfi Sjv-I *£>- Jiu < ^u -ui
oijJI (_,ii
•-r" 1 ( J^jI ) *^-" j ' Jl~i)1 J >~J cJ IT c oLVjJbj ui^lj ^(kH /-j
i/ll <J^i-aJ
**-b Oi^cj ^yu^l jSiii] ^,-U-l Jb Ji£ J
<J-
i^^
o^" »>J J' ^ji-aH J^Vl c*-~tfj ^1531 ^^ f UVl Jl ^-j, ^J
«Ux Ji
ui
alt
I**- 3
u^ ) Jc U> Ji- a^Jj • <JU; ^^Jl v ^4l ^ j^i ^ LtL^j Ujoj
• Inptfjl c^-JOj ^.ji-aJl
UJ-J1 t/yJl oUxLJl Jb V.L&.-VI <rt*U ^^ *^j>J
» 0)
• ( N i • X ) (j-aiS j ^Uu^j S_yi)1 4,»3 j*
I- H-K
f.
nv
E
4. #1
■■'£
-*
:i >t
7*
- Ih
*i .*
!
I'
3 f
i
> av
is
fa
!■■: '■
& S
&. S
. *
r
J 1
V
i
xt
. i"
■r l
7f ■
- I
I 1 *•
M
it-
ij*. Sjjuau ly^ori -bjA-Ji s^Vi o-o 4> m -ui ju-j (> ooc u^^ *u* J*yj
<*5*U 4j,j*— *» »^-"1 u""-^^ M*^\ y* tX t^T -t»^-i> otf" t>& j
,>*
0)0.
dJ\ yi^>-U t <U <^^ ^~*-U <L~w3£ ^_J& (Jl t*****i "V^ O^
a-i — i^^l L4J £jl«j Uoic — J**" ^ *j^ *M*^ *J* J^i Cr-*^ c tS^^
zXJ] £ jU <Uiu ^1 j* jbjjt *J)\ jy\ jBI jOJl ^VUiJllL^ <Jlai i*£*n
• U*N olTj^Jl JU« J| <JWI cA5>J1 JU*-^ JlSsiVI (> Ijil* <ul*>-j V jUx11
1
I
i
\
J
• • •
^,
JjMII J^WI C UJ1 op J jajM
( |a ^M«ibJ1 j^5 J 4) jjuail 4>>J1 )
: ^^J1 J**!**-*! «U3I *>fc*»
^j UjJU
• *
A,
* V
u,
*f
^'^J • l*"*- 4 " V-*^ V?** <?j <ij^ >Jy l> -*-*«i ol'-Uc ju-JI
.>
cA
M - . "
La— all oA*fc
-J1H Ai* jli^i ,bj UJ <iTl^Jl iSjz}\ JJLIM J *^
JiJl ) ^b oi^ JJLill oA*, o^> 6^ VJ^ Jb J>J1 j^ UJ^ ]
c Jj { ~e.
i
c jJl&
* j
: ^j ( <*--«*»
4 ^*„LoLJ;
_ V
- V
t _yU-U^.j\
\
^
< jJUll ji
■: I
. 1
j?Ui 0^ <> c* j*V\ Jj' J l ^ T J*- Ijl 0-* °^=r u ^ JJLiM *JL* ciJtfj
all S^^U
* **..>*-
Jj^jJaJl <] O-Lf* ^1 4jLUx (Jjl) P_5-aJ <>^C^C eji 4.*..^juJ J^L-^ *^>-
? 'J
I
L 'I
i ,
r "
* *
[ ■
: f
■1
^
r
p
1
Shomoko
♦ oAjj L J| 4_L* jlki* ^jt
xM J j VI 4j jC-m-jJI oLUJl o»J
^^aUJl Oj*M dr* >*"^ -U*J1 JM>- ^yUj' o-U cJlfj ♦ ^Lby ^Vl olji a>"^. ^*M>
Ul
i^^l jUtfjt ^ <x*^Ja J — flJLi*j a ^jli ^j^ J^*„~*l cUij'j] <jlf
4&j>- <***! cJlT Uj& ^j ♦ -UUJlj «L^UJ1 <iU^1 (J^* 8 ^ <ULfo^ ^JL*i jLJUL)
£ AjjjJJ L^^j UaJu li^r^ t^'V^ ^tr^^ t r ^^i\ a* -i^Jli • u *-*jliJt a ij«J^ ^j^cIj
t
1
4JI
Jl - <J£ u^J * 'U
4*
* r
(J^o-^Jl oLiU <Ujsljtl1 jSj-'iiJ) Oolf <V.*U i jj+a*j
O^ 1 J-^"^ U^ ^J* 4 - 1 . Ja^J' <—U2^LU tij-Jill oJUft oJli'j * -aa-AM i^^^Jus-JJ <^(E>L4I
U-a)1 4j\ac1 Lj .^\jI j U>j'1_j
I
TV
SjUl ^j J^xU^I oLaJl L4J £*ia> j^j5 J5U Liul <**li SjUl 4».y oJlT
• iljjdl p^c \^k olTj pu^Jl
* "V.JJJ^ tS^^ *W> qULL J \ ^3 5jbs>U^ <L;
j>-
-M ^ <o* <> ^.j ill v _^ ^t J UJ J\ ^i\ .L- J ( -*- i
^O— -JJ1 (jiL^I -U*y> <*lc^> tibjjVl JjLJ J^y oJtf ^/.r^JI JU^iJl <> ( i J]
' o-J^ (Jj^ ^^ i> *'j=r' J* J Ol—Lp- u^ j^*"i «J^ * u"V
jtu- j <jju» ^-ijii Djbjutii ;lju»vi J'V" ^y ^^ JVj (
i
«iUl
\
jl O-'J 1 -' J^-^ j *'
^
li
SjUVt J iiwlU
\^L- \5"l5i>.1 I5u*u. j^mo! o^-^ , J tSy
\ J^L^ c\jA\ fjyH Xl»j
dVj - ( ajuij t Cx^^^ ] &j^ ' : i^^ 1 ^-^ <> r-^' ,,U ^ &?S* s?\.
m
OljiOJU- 4^^ J ^j JjVl
1
J J** oi U, ^ i j^Si) jU^'Vl U«, jyvi fJ- ^-UiJl ulU^JI ^isfl
: V L~4 ^ul aiij V^Vl <HmJI V&
cr^"
<-»> JjxU^I oLil] JsuJ 4^34)1 dIU
V
..pJl -Ul jjajj ^ ^lU-Jl ,> ^tdl 5^J fU J4^ JUJU!
^L-jb ^^c^ji o--UiJ! js> ^i^v *^ji ^ eyu ja-
<.
ikai
1 1
J Vj *n 3-tu j, ji^ji ^j j,^ J>L- ^ J>tl , ^ u ^
T,
r
JUK, o«j oUi J^b J lij» »$>L-n J-*L-1 .Lan
~>
4*
ol J1 tJu. ^1
Ckx^o ^ . ^ U^^ ^UUI olkLJI jj^\j , jjSn ^ ^Uull lkUU
^Ul Jc f y,_ 6j i^\ ^)1 iT jjil ^u ^j . <b-li ^5j ^ l^j c 4^,13
JjVl V Ul yfcj-1 (\)
w
\
4
J^ Li If £>\S \j*aXJj <>Lu*Vl (J1 ^-o c> (frJ-ou ^IkLJ! <Oj£ ->j>f» Ol _H~0
F
* *
■
*«
J* J\-^'jJ\ JaJUall <ji # jaj (Jb oift oL^Jl <^L-
4 l^.^
jjl ^-^
^^
: ^u j^Vb J^Ia-4 eUin
j^LJ\ a«-
I*
1 -u-1 u ^y V N o • • j oljil c> J^ u ^ ) oL ^ )1 s A
^•vr
Jjlu- ,> Sa^, 6L-1> <^J V^ 1 ^JUJiHj < V^ 11 *^ ^^ J J - ' L4jr
WT
_«XJI
*
/
**
V <J oj15"j c <G^r }\j>y l^L L^>J ^Ui <J j^roJtf ~u!j ♦.. ("' Ji*J1 etL. #!
JH-*
<^U 150. — ^.3jV1 JU-j 5y Jb 1a*jow - {J l a o' ^'L^ ju»J ^Iku-t
iJiL
*b ^ L£-.*ai>-j < JUi **-*-*
-Ufrll ^ <- i >^. -W^j pIaJI yb j^JU ♦ djj^jw
* A
V) A)
a-w j_«>«^
■• oUl> ^ SiJf Jy^\ 3 \o;V j)> V£
i
( : '^V^V1 yjxjjr^. )A )
'j*. b^-*;
..^V^^.*^^
YYt
1
J
• ( \ o • A ) .rtUt J J^'J
JoLJL; vJbjjVI „&**■ iU^U VU-i -i^jJJ Ajrtji JUi J-fiU-\ .LA» W UiJ
^.J
Aii'^^jp-I UjI cbjjVl ^j J~y c*»-^1 <-i_r-" ob^iaJ »J* o-5 j < tyL**i -u>^«
jcj iiku ^ Vljil ^ «> ^ ^ *¥>J < jL~i J* ,/j>j JUi jU
oJfL. ob^jk-il sat cuJj viUi J) 4JL— Vb • t^Uail o* yL**i o^f 3JLj.
jU^oiy
t*
M A *
«>.
J f UiVlj SljiJl oli^ J^U~1 Jiu-li < dLz&H j^UiJI
W
<uir
^~
^^ J^U^I -Uk Ja*** «5"^ oUu* Ji oj>-J jjL*
J
* I
J 4Xi'Lx^j <*Vjk> ^^uajj C IJU^ LwJ Jx^^ .y'L^f: ^tu J ^yU^^^j j
^ 4J1 ^Uu:\ JU: j)£ «^J J\Jji Vj * <^*4! ^Jjb" ^1 ^ UU «Uw\ cJ*>- JlzSJI
Ju-j J Ajji jJUJ SjUST b^ ^JDl ^UtuJi t >^"UJ\ >T ^V
iJ
- i
^
VVo
3K- pis ^ o^ t e~*i\ (3V* yS^r j;j > ,> dUUj _L«J| oJjj Ui
i)
• (( J*i; L. ^i liLJUi iU^aJl
u-jlij -u^Jl wU ,> S^J jLU'V cu^^j t <xJ_p ojUj> jl^j. SjL^j
*1
>
J-
' Jj^'-l j>1j~*1 **i J oa) ^ ^V l-ux~^ i5j&^2}\ J-tl—l eLsJl li"j • ^;jj,Hl
41 -J5lsi1 ^ij
•J^ L.-'-er J JJi C>1 (> - J>H j>^l - ^b ^ J^L^l oLuAJl J^i Juii
trb J 1 "-
j>M -i*>-> • o^^H^ -^ <i^-oJ1 oLJLJI j>y. D 3„ ^ <l.j4_ u.
• <bJLJ SiMi Jjjfc jiu-i -i/ _i jC ^|^1 ^
A
u*\r:
F* - *'* **^
•^ ^ * j" a->^ ^.JjVl ^ -uij c ^V\ r U3 Jy 4i it j^ ^
cTt^M
■15 <^j^ 6\^- 3A -w Jjil JL^j, • ^b*, v ^ J^41 j>^1 ^-flu*.
• (^ \o\v -^> <\\A) jui
4-4 ll
^^, juvi cjit iiij . ij^i ^jisvi eit- ^k sjx^ji j j^u^-? d^Ji jut
yi c-i* ui i)^j c ojL^I^ ^ <*.J jj^ jji^Ji J^U^-1 oUJl oU"
J
m
• j>M
4J1I
« 4
U~
I4U £tt4l o.l ^rJ Uj C.oU- Al V V>** ^.1 1> ( ^J* ) V u ^ oW
L-*ijT *jlL. 0^" jM 0^-5 < ^>. ^^' -^ <>LUj -UUjj Jil *ju-x Jtf 4^i>-
6U* tel <^>^- i'fiuil ^p^uJU l^yLc^j < £U*^J1 jo41 \jjii« 4 l«Ai lil <o^ Li>
Jk f jUaH V UUJt ^i*^- AJl^lj C (( J\i ^ )) r Uxil 015* J^j • J^. * <U>&0*1
• lUJaJl ^b <^JJ g-lcjl j\La i ^Icj cjjU^ ^ ■ j*w 0J ^ o^Jl j^j J.i>Jl
4 L-l~- j>\j o^j ' *u*-Jl *u^> L^jfcJLa L^uw s^JiJl viib pljj 0' Jj^l ^b O^ j *^>b>-
J^i:U^jl cl
^J^ ^a wiJl^d^ jj»l j ^A^' j>M ^^i 0^ J ^^^=7 ^^ <^UxJV1
* C?J^
^)1
^ ^^a^ vj LSj i)U* ^ ^J ^^ * ^.jjbU <Ju>b\\ cS>Vt ^1 ^> ojUj ol
^ ji oUJUdl aic J iiib yl <^41 s^^CiU <j oJ
j\5Tc
«^s^ L§ fc C^^
flJ^J JjJdl
aT^4\ ^JL41 cJlT Ult eU4j- 1 s>L- B J1 J^U— 1 *UU1 ^. t UC ^-U\ v ~^l
m*
rfi *
&e£ '
■* i
*;
^
J i
1 ;
IF '
rvv
c -
wiJL^xJ
Wr*-*i v>-a^J1 J5"
4*
V -a*^* u^AJ t>c »JiUc "a »^5
J>-j J JiXi U^T Ja^
Jai c*- 11 1 ^. <*J* ^ Jy ji £ 4,4». ^lj ^ ^j~ .j^
jik
t+
Jc IkL^ o/^ ^ *i«i *bj ut ojT.
* CJ*^' j*-^ *^ ^-JL^JO*.
' ^M o-j^b ^:3jVl £jU^J 4 -u«J1
ji <a»m jjUj <*, <?L5^£ ^y D i
iJjVl ,£__».1 <ik^ J J_y U lit j^ ^% jib jiyj ^jj, <] ^^
jxj. ojloi i jw4
^i*J -G o^>. olTj i <j£ l^U,! , l^-1
j/Jl *S>11 i* j c U^ <^ii ( ^-u ^ ) j^ ^jij ^q, j, ^ will Jl
' O^^l 0^ <J*-U» J>1 iJjU. ^ a. V o^ ^ v u-j < Wf u^jli u i^
<-^„ o1 v^i ^.3jVi <^J1 j^j, ^^1 ^^l ..^^j! u , ^^^ |^ ^
\.
u*
■* ^JjVl j* ol ^^ ( ^-If ^ ) ^jUJi aJUUl i^j^ ojif
V
*4
<.
1 >Ui
tr-j
All
\
4.
1
■^^^^■t^m^^^.^^^-^-'^^if^"^-' «"-'"'■
"^K
l
YVA
U
Y
j
* Ui*&iJ ^\Jj W^> o^.>i b^b 0^> dUjjVl g^*- cJ>oj • iiydj
V«*-^ <> -^ , ^.JjVl J^.l *X*b * <^U- <iuaj (j^jUJ ^U-uJb (-I4II (^>*uijS*-Vl
i*
^U- <3il
u
U^lj * j1j*^u-\j ^JJjV^ pUxj UJ1 ^iia^ ^Xll u^J^ ^-^ (hJ^ 5 '
0^ Oj^ drQj i « ^Ub*-^ )) J « A^^-q )) j (( ^^ )) (J* Lg^ J^^^l ^.^^> °^
* ^jli iwJi Jl *V.^3^' Oj^' a4-»L*^ T****. ^^t^** b-Jj' 3 *?.
ij t> Vj^ 1 J? 1 ^ 1 J ^ ^ U . ^. JjVl ol J^ c-ji U*j^
^wA^J I
^ydl u ^^»Vl 6b r - ^*V? »Uj ^ o^ - J*-J^ 0^ ^j**.'. (J -J ^ l5>^^^ j^U^-al oL^J
4 J'r
I'
'I'Sfi
-V V
vl^
%
k
fj
k-: ie
xv\
# r
£
f 1
d i
5* r
ft -
■1>
fcoL
■■£
%
••v ■
J 1
LI
i
i
^
5 '"'
I
i
4
j -i
L
r ,
V;
=■ i
3
7 '
t -
<> tA*^ oUjiw **JU- o*j olj *u*» <> ^^-J u^ <Jui5* Coif <dji ^ flit
r
• * •
[I
;i
^
¥ ■!
■"*
«
1
4
(-•WM*^ 6
NeVl- >of{
J ' "J
• i)Ui^ ^u Sj^ ^j <l> o^
o*J*b < ^ u- ^ &+ oft ^jj^\ ol* JJL. & • <u^ y> U y^_ ^
O-r^M .J ,1 >
;lt
-o
tii
J
#4
*-4r u^-^^r - J -^=- ^ Oj^. ^jyVl tLxjj » jU- «oj) a.^ J«- , ^5jxl\ IJl*
TA\
J^Vl oa* jt, j f j^j, j ^ oU ^ u^ lT, ' >*41 o-jUJi jjiii ^.^
♦ (NoVA)oU1> Jl-us^ilSi^Uall^ii^, jpiui
u-°
<U
< « ^J jjJj f U )) f-^-b jj^ jUJ^j c^^l u^^. J^ ( 0U-1>
* IwJ J^j ^JU! oo^ir ^J a^ j\J* t> <-5j^ cJlf l«i53^ <T^41 c«5 j>
' t^ 1 -^' ^^^ t>3 ^ 0^" lS-^ <***> j& <^.3jVl a £*»- jX-fcr jj IT aSI
jj3^ fU ) <T^ axu41 u ^-jUJi (j^l U • fLGVlj ^UJUlj c >i^ ^fll Jb
^i^ll o' Jl L-L-1 gjj-jj o'jd^U- AjJ^ j l^j^ 1 tA^ 1 ^.3* ^^
^ j 4*oli jJL-i. *V> Jjil
**
> <j^-U1 <U>^j ^L*3oIIj bjj^ o^* (^UiJl
j^Jl tSju^ J\ £l iyjVl ulTj * l^JLUj Sjujulb el^aJ\ yJU- Jl ^^C^ll
if
j vii»3jVi -ui» u^uxc^i u jji uy*jtx^.ij i 4jj.
^-**
Vl
4A V
Mr
V
i
r
I «r^-:«- -* ri 'ri' " L -4^r>ibi-^'
■' '*M ■ --*■ ^ ,
<jt (jr^ ^^ U*"i ^ <^3 ( ^L»T Jjjj fU ) j u^.^ oLJUJ l>J* l^p-a; ^tf
*V. u* o\j^\ aby-^1 J I Sji <$>^ cMj>S JUlj « ^ 4JUT cJlf L*> J>U>-V1
J1 jS ur £*s*> °U£J1 <^i ^Li^M o^ 1 —^ <*>~^- Jkl ^-Ul ^^£11 jUiJl ^3
oj ot dJb. f] J^flj • p N©V* J J iAII 6^ <> iA"J ^^ J* J-^ 1 lib*"
< 0) f n°vs j»
1 0- WjH\ a> Jl ^1 jaj> ^r rj **» ^UiJl o^J— "
J) .JUdV^ «> tSj — ^ *_r° vm-^«1» *^t t>^ 6 u^^ 1 ori J 1 * 5 "
* M
4*
^-5
^3jVl >U1
;L^U- -^ eLj/Vl jji Not- ^J^i www^
44
i jj« r
ui
I P
ti
J ^^ ^\y oJ^-tj, < J^ji-b -V^-O $jV. u^'V a"^ ^J-* r^ 131 ^>
It
<u
I jj\ ^>J1 ,y ~<U££- dUjjVlj ^l <j<rf L^ >> ^-^ ^ ^
: 5J
xl\
v_^uj ^y. jw-u < w-r-y J 1 5J -> an ^ ^^^ *>■ ^j^
,_JLJIj ^<J^ J^ -i-^
\
I
i »
1
Ol £*r V.>^ V^ u^r^l J JJLSy
♦ ^1 ebjjVl ^tjt ^Ji Jl Jlxill JL' <>j J,
r
*u
dLj Lf o»» (jc -A.J& y^ \oo$ t J Amassia L^-UT ^L^> uJU) SL.^ ^jj^klV
* <Ji *-* ci^ j^ 3 ^ <JlLi a -saxs ♦ (J-ijtiH JL*T>
• <JUjjJ1 <IjaU l^JS^ ^jU Lv_? i)^xi*
\
;r
5i
fM
V
* "
«i
-uil WJI oUuJl ijbj J I ^~*UJ» aV 11 G 1 ^ 1 ^^ ur° b
V
F
^i
1
J
I
r,u
+*
o_ic] oilTj <l slko. objl jLi^ oils' <^jUJl <JUU1 ajJbJl o^5L^ o\
N
Y
►
'■L*^ iu-uU oLzJI J\ wiJl ^jl\ £ U>JI <-.*— ^s dUJT j-i-»j - r
rjUjUl ^L^.! ,> U»-lj jlj
JU.I) 4*-JUll 4JJUJ1 ,^»bVi jvj di/ii J
J U*4l olkLJl liUiT, <J"WJ1 S^UiJI olkLJl ^-yJl r U?V u^>J1 ujrt
ULU* ^fdUU-j ,_^>JI j;U=Jl *V> Jlj*1 jljpb 4J\jd\ ^fUs-Ilj < JljJI
cr*
^1
' t*»
I
-_*AttgJ>Jt
1
oVS-j • *jj aJl «> e^J <> J_^ oM-j v-W= Oti o^iUM ^J^
1 j^jai JTUU JLeijl U^= JT j^yLU >Ui ,>^\ 10* U. _,. o^>n
» J <*i J^ ^>- r 1 ^ u~~^\j j^\ ^JA C*. ^> ^ ouijvai
1-r 5 J aoj.U Ji\, .LJJ\ <^> v^^ 1 >^J < :Ul ^ °^'^ ^^^ ^ ^ C^
<)vi tjUJL- oOJb r°l 0' -»*>.
If
f £
j - ■.
\
r '
4:
i
I
r
* ! ?
■ ■* 1
1
^
? *
- \
■ I
-. ■ o
S ;
.1 i
* ■
■J
■ c
2-JoiJI ,> >~< «U- u-4 5Vij J^ . ^jpUJl aUJL- [LL^) «^.J
o>ux^o ^LUI u 1 Cr» jj*i V.ncentiod Alessandri ^>u~Jl j^ja^ii
<-rV
aJt
•o-J
U O^L
JL»
.«JU
r
£j iX^i. a l — wall jt <r la* ^ c ^^Jl ^_^| v >*j ^^Jl y*o a^_ o^
• <i>4\ i* j <^ J| o«sL of ojp <J1>.lij i^UJl OU^I
airman V> L-Vf o-^' <> ^VjV elJJI 4J-Um cJlfj
*5j-»1 0^ ^i JJj • <oVjU oL^JI ^j IjIja Sjlax cJlf • <ib^Vf J (^X—Vf
■ ■.
i i
J^- ft ^.jl^ 0»«-*" fVT ^ obU Ux Lr ui-b o' lj^ b^l* c:'"*^ 4 ^^ tr^ 1 . ;:, ^ i
*S
If
_^* <Cj^i^ o^j'1 (_s*-Ill o-. <UJL- Jc SjLc SjwiiJI <uJi- e-U oilT iUij
NoVA j
• • •
jvjfll ,j-U c\ — JJ1 fOi j ^y
Vm-\©AY
4
I
■4 ^-un j^l^i .lam ^ j^ ^ ljt v*jun *wi jj^ u* ^a
<J*t
4 L
5 > ^ b ^=r cr-^ -^j^ 1 <J-M <^>- * ( -* ^A / f \<>V ) />U**xbj u***l**>
Ot oxJl UJClj < ^J^Jl jJi**; ^J j^i & a* Ob ' u^^*i-l' <> Jdj^" ^j^-V
O^Saix>tJ UjM >— 4ooli Jl
^j <Jb.^» ^Ij^j eUj J>U- l^i, o5j — j^'L^l
• Jil V^ ^1,V £+>j <l.U*^. Cr ^ ! u j^
u"^
Lc oL
AH ) ^b £.jU]t "j -j^— j u^j^\ Jjxji 0^ o^ 1 ^ gUas— 1
u^j' J^t5l < <-* WA-^Ao ) ( r \*m~ UAV ) 0-^^J ( j^V
<^-jj Cooj* 0^ ' uO*^ (J^ b»JU£ Uib 0^*J fl&JI ^.J^ 7 J Jf.^ 5 J** ^J^Vxi
<^iL41 JL-Jrt utf j • ^Lc oUxil ^^ Jk J»U*J1 ^b J^u oJl5* -ujUaxU
oL-Sdl 0^.J >^ W- J^ ^»— « 0^ J^ 0-^^J^ ui^ «jri t 1 -^ 11 ,,U ^^
iJ^l j^JUbU ^,-^r ^Jj* 3 . ^>*>
h ebjjVl o 15 " ^4^. ob^--3y-j o^^->^*
1 - H
.'j
•■ \l "
'"i
; s
% ^
■ r
1 r
h 1
1
; j
I
■ E
J.
3T ,
a!"
r
VAV
i\ u Sju&LU
llX^o
* r
\o^
A*L/> ) ^b _i _^ ^JUiJJ
: &Wb j^if d
ill
J !_*. - «, o ^L> *vij o*l>-
j^Jl ^jc >J3l ^U *U» *UjjLi VI U«j <J ^Lur y^ < ju* <> ^^jUH JoUl
**3jfl J^ J^U L±J\ f \sj\ ^ ivj ( a^ ) ^Ic -il a-* ^ ^m ju* J^u-1
i^LJI aJ>UI
r J V
;u*r
^xll l>L^j»- ^ Mi-ai jjj»j a^*^ Sj^
^ v-^^jcJI wiJU^o ^ tJ^a jwJ j^*Vl Ola* j ^U- Jk\ -LX J>m ojjj li* O^J
iJUl
J ^^Ul o*5^j p»41 a^c «uil <Jc ^U Jii ( ] )
•* ( o^l^J' ) <> j*U JU*A1I.^ JjJL-S* J^ fUl jl^-^b -Ul^ Oj>--uM ( y )
"
U 4Ji1
i ^u oUJl ji ( a> jj,Vi ) f jjl> pl^i r U-iul ( ^- )
■• -Xjluu ^Lf oL-iJI ^ I4J otf - cy^ 1 s j^^ J ^ o\Y ji^jr*
1
r
1
)
MA
iJI
*t
,*41
-u>1
»,i o^ * cM- ^ ^-^ °>° ****. *-5t^ u^ ^^j ^ J- J .
^> ^ * iA^ 1 L5^ 0taU> , i> o>wlkl\ ^jLuajj <1Uj y-iiu <dz3 ^T «£*rt f^ — v* 1 ^'
j-
♦ «ll -u^j ^"L^ ju>^ j*L>! ^Jz ^jlf j^JJl >J3l
: vjuji okv^« <>» ose^ 1 c*> 1
Hjja\
i» ^^dl ^^ic f-Gl i^>- <L^> _ / ^Xc *W> *L*>j (j-«l~£ oU*Jl (__^- a*
3-al
oJ.)
I*
JjHJ
^UiJl tA^J< cj.U ^1 i^jll p^Ui^VI <JU ^^ *>*^lj jufll u^Lc oUJl
* *4A*rr jiJ^ y'V^ pIj^aH ^U^^l j] p^jux^l j^jLi^ ^xLwj-j 4j^U>
Anttony J'j^ J> y±\ y>j jr^HVl JA~ll\ a>-l ^>>-j ^U C UAJ» J^^ ^^
j ^jU5 oL*-lj <J^ -u-1 J. ^jUJI o^Jl -^-^ <i ^"^ «>
.lit
Shedey
-H
jji«.U V-J 1 ^ 1 oUVj» j Ot^^^ 1 ^'^ J 51 ^ ^W^. u- 1 ^ flLJ:J, Uj .
^Q iL^jAJl <J o*=Jw~. Uoic ^* • tS^il <uJl«i iJjUl <u* j
^-jL^ Ow-aaJ J ol
?
: ^^1 J* ii,j*i-on ^u dual ov^iaw
<JUi»M '<J>U\ wi,^ ybUi*. 4*j«! yb ■** ' cy' U:1 * J, f^ 11 C ** J ^ , -^ M oir
jl^_iiVI ,>1 0- Wj» i> ^-Vl Jl c^-u* 3f.j^£ oLL5 j^fc .i*^ ,> <^>^
* ol^*J^ (_^1 j*S u**^^ ^-^-5 sbJXJl L*j#cj1 <t^*o ^-^ji oJb\i
f Ul ^^^Jl ok ol Jc ^b ^b^ >. Jii^. ol > t/UlUll.
jUJ
-J!
o1 J^ ^lj jjj1*xxJ1 dlb ^Lc obJJl -iy* <J J* -Lie y> U ^U ^jUll J**JV
a^-LI
4*
t>l_^Jl ?cXi J*Cu«J ^jl <J£ ft-— ^>! ^IOa) ( _Js- J^&\ O^^ oU^J\ J^^^ol ^1 Oju
: *b,/*^>- <oLwox31 wJ1a*V * »^aJI ?t.^b t 0' u^
1
o
Aju
, u < .fbuu^-Vl^ ,— JukiHj »^*aJl &jU0' ^ ^^ r L ; -*-u-Q o>JbujJl ^15"
\
^J * ^^VV >y- o>> 0- u^j-^ £^ J 3^VV\ ^ *UJ1 OJ^*
.'*■
* J.JS a*j ^>^>_>ll 1-i* ^jo.1^- (\)
( <^^\ ^cx^t})
n)
-J ^_.
.3,1
T^
AjjtuL.^^1 Lo u ~ss1 I^A-j^'i ^uJUjfjJl ^lc j^-otj ^k41,j JUu^JI J_j>-_jJJ
■ uj^\ e^^ J ^j>; ,> <JV vM 1 J^i>
T
<*i jkM JU f4JLc S_^oJl J*1 4JU j'j oUiJl ^l> ; U**]1 iilua> ^ 4** v^-J l( ^
« *Uill JJ ijai\ VI »LiJ\ J
Kf 1
»
- Ia>-\ j <jLi». ilj-u "->L_— ^ j»T o^
a l. \*\ uv
oyj
• _aJL»i v L~-lj*T ■ Ui,i ji ^ -^^ <- r ° L ? C eUJ1 JUC1 ^ Ul * i ' ,J ^ LC *" Ui
^
J
Li^U*
>j^
^j i aT^JI OLijtM
41
»
^j ^ ^.V - Jj i *j^\ ls~^J S ur^J
y^ j^\
u^
Ulc aJU^-1 ,> >i£H ITjLt t o^SL^- ^^j
UN
u-JUJl ^iLJl >T^^1 1_^ oLkUJlj i jJ3\ ^u .UAH : /-juOi \J*-Jr
jSL^j _iU)l jJLjuij D 41 ^L- ^ iUSijll J^-J!j viUijjj Jju*, jl^
o>U
*3ki- ^ ^j IL^ji jLUH J Or^ Of. ^-^' ^ J» 5 jL-iVl JL*t
(0^
^_> c )■
W *#
Mf* 0~b^ Of. ol5>U» j>J' J 4JJL. Wi ,> |W Sju
J>U oi^l aJ-^i iU^uJU Aii» JT 1^ Jji> *A~j tool ^ .vjjua
** »*
_X^.j1 j l^ 3^«j ^ _^c 1^1 j . ^U ^j> UJ> J l^j^s,
' o'jiV V-J^l <>Ufll 4»1y ^sJi ^141 j>^ ,> Sj_^ ju . Vienna
i^
■i »* s*
^
^
** *"
VW
jut^ji j>^vi j^jj , jju-n *uji ^b ji> wju^ri ir
^i < ,W^
•jl\ ^ <^jVl <J oaeUar AS cJlT oij J <o>^J! <^.M~-VI
■uai
£ j*S
I J
J
O.J •
^jJ>JVl <ljU»«
_^Jl JjkM flOi^w. 1
Anthony Jenkenson
r u»>"
M
^ V^a ^,bJl ,>LJi ^ Jji
*41 j* 0>-u£i»- ty^'1 o 15 "
j*J ^-jli s Uj1 J KJuJX olU_y u>~i&*- r U U~ j j ,>_, • Moscow Co.
J
'
i
^ a.^AxxJI * — *i>_^ j^UijiJl Uj» r^j*., ^ u^3 *^S\jJa\\ ^> ^liclj 4^_^jUJ^ ^!AJ1
nr
<J ^ ,_~^j J, c o-jVi oUUi f jSys 4JU>Ulj <1LJ1 4*lj_sM cJU* oh
i)U
o*ju W (>^J cJlf (_/]! S-ujuJI obljLj.VI
■\
1-
>
ijUi <JjU« W/^ S^Ul j£JH«Je .JU, olT o>-^r *JjU, <*^ ]
iU
*Vl S
J*A>t*
T
r
J" !
Job' j o>~uk>. -UUJ oW Jj V^l 2ljJd\ ei* Jb S^,tf > ^jU
.- H
^j c ^UlT IJLiir i— i.;j> ^1 o^J SjL-^xll <j>
! ol*> t> ^l
*n
] J$\ <e-jj)\ J) AxiLiJI AJj4» £. tfjJkiVI JjUsM -UlJXJl OiljJ
o- ^LjLU! ^.JJ^VI ^jL-sSVI oU>U\ oiilj • So*Ul ^IxJ iU^
*t
♦ <c
J
^AJJ
M. Sykes, A History of Persia, Vol. 2.
Co
0)
(V)
\
V
• V
1
^
VM
Oj%-,>Jl East I ndia Co. V^„jJl -LijJil -^ ^j^ ( W • ^i )
O
■uiSVl iJ^riHj
r
I H
f h
o^>j coj*7 fi jJw'Vl fU '<^j^ jL*Jl ooc^l 61 JU>j bUjVl 4^.>* ju*
Jl
*cVl ;> l£*j J^t a* ^1 _il*>^ Jl JUVl v U^b jUx]^ uij*^
J»:*j J I ^-j Oi^' Anthony & Robert Sherley (J>^ Ojj jjj (Jj^^ U*
1 ( Vyll ) ol i)j**i ol 6^ ^-H Mi J& j^Si\ ^U *L£Ji ^15"
£ «iU4U *<U«^41 <>
c 5
* t
Jl jJsU-Vl ol-U^ j <~*>U-j c yj>«Jl o^*V ti 6^^*^
4JL-*k* jvJCl! g^Lx oUdl ^^uc />L«t 6^j ♦ <u»iaU ^^ j J* jusju ^ydl c^Ji^^J
**L 3jV^ < oij&j c obi-^ ^^* ^^ ■ ^^^ J^ o^ - ^i fj>- '& j*l\ v— X
:L*iJdi c ^*— pU» s^u\ ijijxJ *\jj- Jl V u J >t^^ lA^ ^^^^ 0^ -^
cr" 1 -:
Lx ol
^J1 <J1 -u^.) 61 J\ « ^.jS^J» <*4' J J>^ J^^ C^' ^
i ?
: ■ 1
1 )
J ■ .
■t-
.-I
-J
■I
j 1
3 !
J'i
J
•>
■ * ■
i
> ?
1
*_
l
.3
L
3
a
F
^
*
Ujjj U\i\j \m1ji Jj^i yijiM jijj • i*^]j 4,.jUr oljLa*» O^.jjj^U Ja*
UJt
;IT i»
Levant Co. <L; Iki ,J 1 c*> lidM <T
•jUsi ^_ j£* ^jlij IjzWI o^ Sy^U Sjl^dl v b jaj J! _».*«; i'jUxllj
»j.4». UL_- J 2 *- 01 0*> ^ o» ( J-*** ) ^J ' /-^ ^L- ^-^ d 1 ^
• ( urv)
oi> <> * Jj^I ^V oUJb . ^ ^ <> ^.JsV oVL ^ ri iLjt ^^J
^ j>i>-i tf^JI JL^-j J~ jill ^Vl ^b^ar OJJ ■«*» ^b* J ( ^-VlTj )
' ii^JhJVl »jl»^Jl ^UTI ^. (jiu'UJl \JU v^ ;: - < ' , W^*i o1j*"j ^jU
,>i» <JUJI <J^\
S^J V
J-JV.LuiuJl <ukHJ| L^j^U ^jjM
V
■*.
•-,1
ui-"' j^Vl
1 ^y ^^^1 <^^1 J^> ^"^ J^J ^ ^li *Lu1j
^jo oUaTjH ^lc u^jlSJ^ ^>U1 *hXa ^-Ll« o' J^* ' Steel ^c-uj u^j^ ^j^
3 v .,^ a H Jb ^UJJI ol t> *~oi ^ * V^H^' <i>^l : Li*JV^ ^J <*—ij U^^i
£^i jtli Jj JaSi ^J_^a!l ^u) ^^ (j£ S^^li Ste0| J-;^ jJU-ai ^& ^J
j
■^^^j^^^^^'^^T^ ****-'•**■
9
1
I
■l
i
1
i
i
1
ym
VI ot J I Steel JjA- jLilj c 4JU
ojU^I cJlfj wJa-
U"" u— J
,1^i ,> jj^-vl o^f. o-jlb
Jij-Jl
-^ erf o^>. *»"1 0* ^-^ < «-JU
■jwwi-* JiJ*!!
*U
4*
*■
i
Steel J-^-* «£•**? j
4J1 ,-.1 £
«*J>U _ij> J LAJ1_, ^jJUoVl <UJ) ^ ^UijUil ijb
.>
«J1 <Jl VOJ ^| OL^JI JJu, S^J- ^^SLrf ^lC J* J^
a5 ir
' ^O^'VI SjUdl .jib ^xi U lilljj, J^_, ^jjl ^^i r jVl , oUi JI
J ^jliJI ^Ull <> *>> i> 5-iljH ( eL^ ) S^j^. jj^v, ^^ . ^
c>
J..
a* °ji
i. 1
i_rj
Li
V *
• utt^^j utr.
^u«wuJ
L/.-r* 11 £^ Ji>
\
[
■ ■.
h
t
J
aL ^L Jj>)^ ol \j1j ts*"^ V l kjr" ^-^ , JJ ^ ] ^j^ J^y u->J> ^»^5
h
!
1 i
31
K ■
: j
^
. i-
nv
Hyil\ j V^.^' <JjM flL^Lf j*s ^j J, < ^t, ^ SjU.di 1_, < ;>*,
.fcJUJI
*4
OtT, < ^JiT UJl ^l_c a5 Jju* o^ ul«i~*l Jl Steel J^- jU L-u*j
: <JbJl ~ij>Jlj ^^Vl J* ^« jll JL-lj-d ( ob>- )
\
Y
r
cfi^ 1 e^' J J>«Vl o*j eU*». Jl James .j-*-*. iui^Jb l^oji^^j A^LJ
\:
'** J|J >" a^V^L) ^1 u*
olSiUJI ut^, jt^Vl JoUl yijli 4^ j J^i ^1
15* U
« ►
I
AM J,*. j jy Ijl^I L^u ^ iJL* cJir , <^jUJ| <JL-Vl ijUxM
U^ <i*J| ,j
Don Gorscks de Silvay Figuerol
• 1^' J^_r*- 1 ^r*- 1 -^ oL«JV ijlT
^J^\ -<uk^ ^k Jl^- Sa,^ o^. jl^ o1 ^^UTjJlj jL^Vl jjjl ail
^r V'U«^' ; ^—Jl Jj-j ^li »^Jc o' •*- ^^ ^^JU^ _ r i u - a5 ^>^1
J ornes
.V:
■5d
*.*
^>'^*^*^* ;J
^^j^^^-^^^'
^l.l^i|Hhi-
^d
m
JliJ^^ _ ^jUJl f U^d| ot 0* *~^ ' £^»j» 4^J cr-' i ^Je 1 *^ 1 J^ 5 "-^
♦' u».^» e^ l> *Wi
L*J1 *u>"ijlij J^o-Ji J>—Vl Orf *•» Tjl i •** a 1 *"
tj~* rt^v^^>
t all
'■«.
I
r i
J.I
f
};■
i i>
i i
i
i
v
5
-:, f fi
i i <
■J
1
I 1
■ -i • : M
- ,
h
F
i (:
n
pi
n ■
■ .■
j
1 / ■
?:■
? . f
' J .'
i ■ _ ■_
■i ■.
i
3 i *
t
jiaw oil j * IX^mUU. ^j ( ^jli ^15 1 ) ^TU (( U ^jj -Oil j) o^
J» • jtj*i\ oj\»j <> pswil jJUjVI f j>*^- U»b fi <lJ^V^ S^oUJl oli^UU
4 -t*J f.J > Ua " ^^"t-" i' <J Liil ■ lj*ki- jJ*J5U 4*«*llL OjJ4iJ\ 1a* ^jU"
4 5jj5L«*H <ilL>41 oi^ «u!c b£^ U* jJUJVb cr"-^^ ift', oUijLil\ ojb
* (o^- Jy f^) w-^LiU v-J-^'t' J^' 5 " Ujji£ V Liji J 1 DLi^l J-»y \j*-\j
\
• l*Jc .iU_-V^ a*; >^* J J^ ] Jr-^ J 1
■ ^'UU
f
U*jcil
\
r
L*oJs\
V
E
i i
/- m
i i
■ .a
■ i ■;
i -
■ * \
I 1
1. ■
1 /
1 ;■
E
i ■.
! ■
L t
It
I ]
I
i ■.
. \
J
^ 1
I
- i
• i!
J
ft
I
J. *
I
ft
a
.1
• ^JJi C^LA I ^^Yl ^JLuJ j jJ>J >U <>^>~~4 I ^c^ Vl fJLjr
t
4T^i eSji-L* o' VI « JUjjJI Jf Vj *Jl ^ ui <> oLAil ^ L» JLu» j£ ^J
SJIS" il 4 I
AjjJdjlj <U^L^J1 >U jUtil oJl* <J_jI
u
1 >U*sx>
1
JHJjJ\ Jjk^Vl oi JUto-l j£ Vjt j^y. J! jjJkiVl J>— VI <=~1
Jjk^Vi ol-b-j OA^ii i i)Lx~iVl v^J JUr^l Jjk^Vl 6% « <LUj ^JtxxJI
Vl JU:
f* '
II
1
*fr
<JUi'^Jl
M
-? r
c*» cSjjVVl
Cf-Ul oij>)l J JUj-^1 Jj>k_-Yl -J-J> »j^T ^^ J°\^3 ( >°y> ) J1 (ijJ^Vt
v>. i^^x ^ ^\ rJ exited ±j> jj~v\ c - ^ji Oi***^' - oji-ui^ii
■>oii ; -uj^^jij^yj \"WV/. nn r U j ^1 y-L* oLAJl lai juU
i- oLiJl Jl <ujJ>-JVI ^y^J! cJ-jlj • jJ^'Vl i5Jd Ui^ li^ >y> ,>
^•^M jj*- <u^.j Sir Dodmore Cotton oyf Jy^j* j^-- <-'- ! y »jv5" <^-L^
• oUii! ^ J cSJ^Vl lSjU^I -LL^Jl oVU^
5jb-«
IkU
oliJb ^^i J ^-jUj ^>. SjL, j j jJ^'V! oUJ U^ijr a UiJl ,jju\ aSJj
3
^
t i
..*
r
* *
4 J ( ^>. ) jv o>ir jr <Jk* j jjk;v< fju*. o^. cotton oyj
j V *f Ac
3J
j!.J*H CS* ^ ^ VT ^ ^^
oUJu lilT ^Oin 4i>U<j Ul$L*J SjU <^U.j SjjJLuJI 3LJUaj.V» ob^Vl *Uix~-U
J
Si
J cJb oUak>41 *i*> O^J < ^y'UJUM plkL*Jl ju£ ^^ v
^uj
;ii
* V^ j~- J 1 <r>* r* J °V w, j
<T
-alislc
i o
VI
<-* iSJ^'Vl Joui & f 3 v5> ! V u 0-V
^cJLa* J^Uj^U ob <«o^f*l*AH *Uct £+*>- *x*J> J*U31 *_o)L»«£Jl uS^^-^ J* u-V^
gk^» ^ dUiJj * oj'UJH V^ J»L— &l> Ja-jy i-JUiJI <!_>~*Jt J ^.^ ^J^*
\ d+*}\ j\j~~*\} c ^LmJ\ oUjl J V^ ^ V JjUjcJI jU-OVl 6t
i
■. i
i
■ i
«-
(■ o^v»
-a
j-1 ,y. ^U- ^M\ vj-wwJi y>j ( u-"J^ t° ^W^^ u-°_?-* L^* - " «y-*i *^.j^-^*^
I
I
^jj^ji j_^,vi j^ l^.j^ 1 e*^' J j^'^ r u1 -** jH -ui-j i> jIj u-j
i ^
2
, 3
-? 3 ■
"■ , =
fe '1
?!
rt
f!
| I
I
It
J:i
f < - ; '
1:^ Mr
ft; ; :• ^
F l • ' '-■'■
a ■■ . ■
i . .'i £
! i i: :
>" ■;•
I ■ "
■ *
t -.
T ■
.0
> o
; v
■i i r
•, t
* i
^ :'
?i ? ■ .
It I .
f ' ■
i 1 '. '
-J v .
/:■;'■:
3 _ J
^-01 ^-L* .UJ1. ^ ft OL^i Jt. Hubert Vlnteh ^ o_^* J^. \^X jj
1
r
jl5c^1
C^">'-5 i^-»
^-UiU oJ,y ^ l^JiU l^iCjr oj
jS i*^j ^i^ilj^Jl
1
<_^^Vl <.-U>.aJI olUJl > a- LJ c^^l ^ji <,y ^L.1 ^ e Lill
Hurwity; Diplomacy in the Near and Middle Gast Vol. 1.
t
)
F . -"fc"
Si
r
n I
T-T
a* jtul
Am
tf <■ Ujjii
Aj\ ^Jj]] <l«U uil> Jlj
AjoL^Ci 1 -iljj o^jj olT i^Ill ^-Ul <*-»*> (3V«^ <iUaJ\ J;-— J JL^Vl oil.
oU^ JU t yLo J4*^« J1 lil/ll <~*aHU oL-Jl ,> £*J! jLj Jj>~ oL»
oi.
'J*
*uJUU. oulT , <*.jUJ| -uu-L— J a-, a* J1 U»-li ^-Lc ,LiJI \S U~>.
U
o
IT ob ^-^tUJ Ji-ui -i>? (> Ja; o^VjV <xLLw ^j < <tjJ\ ^yV
-*.
jjU) ^ ^uji o^n J v^—V 1 «=awji j Ujii* tt^ 1 •** -LM
(^ J^_, ( Ij-fc- >- ) <i>1 jfcfll crV '^ J^ -^ * ^^ ^ V^'j
\
44
t*
r iJsiUii. 1/u^ ^53 j ( f MU
jj^j Jc <. JLyMj ■■■** Jb l yi-» ek^l i o-u. J j^JI -aJU. ^j jl J*J
JxS Jul (_,:>• i c^>~ ^jLJiiw
^ L/4 kJ\ ^LJUJI Jx5 j • oIjmI f l \y\f e ^l <i-^
I
>^ <> ^^^ , >J>* <J^ ] ^^^ ^ J* r u
: ^U «UJI *Vit j^c J jU^'Vl _>*J ^L—jUJl <J>Ut
NVV/
\mt
ty
si
ill ,«.Lc
Y
\VU
\YW
oU-J.
V
WU
HM
u~
p*V
£
"r
I
■ I
jiJl *>a — (11 oU* *&.> < 0^^ oUaL- oUJl fU *>a* ;^*i b\jil o^Uj>
■i
■ 1
r
. I,
: i"
■ i 5
IjJ-uai* ot t_rO*Jl oVU-j jjiOiy. j ^ ^ «i^Ul CU-^ L.01^ • <^Ul <i~«J
• u^ J^ 3 ' <JliiVl »j>JI ^-^ ,^'j c l«J
J. I
1 0>J bjli <jj.fl-.oJl o^^v-MJ *^i> <JL-*.; L-ui L« falj
i ?
J
. " i>
i i
i ( J^U~<1 oLiJI ) 4k«_jiJ <U^> ^^j> a> Jc oU i>i-«aH S^Vl o 1
^ jL-^J oiil Uu*j <. LsJlo oJpj jiJl JjVl ^U: f Ll SjjiH cJJ>.j
* <J""UJl ol^Vl o^ y> U*j • NVVV r U J cJal^
\
1 -
joj coir ^i atr ^ — s v-^y -^^ ob jsj ^ <ijk^i\
A
cv^
Sn .-,1
1 J
■; . ■
t
i^i) ^! i\& ^^U^ u^L4 ^ic j^*. ^Vl ty^Jl u-waill S -r ^Vl ui* ojf^ _ V
-■•r^; :■-!;*>, -w • ■»*■: f^^t'-^ 1 ^ 7' fi -- ltJ ^^w^^v^fe^^'^^^' 1,1 ^^ ' """"
V.i
r-'v ^
^JJ ^*^Jj ^^5. J <*U <iLC* S^Vl cJL
* ^ "^iJl ^V| ■• L^ji MO
&-^ ojyiJi J ^>uyi jiku ^i ^u-i jt. j^ cjis- ;^Vi .ju oi
' L^L. ^->jki] J <^J1 i^>»J
! : •
I
iJUi-H <lj^]( a^ OsrtJJjVl ^ ujUxllj L^ij jl \jUcW ijJi\ ojU i
JjaM yojry J 5ULiH
t»
b ■
"\
• • •
* J
■rv rT
^jU» ZJUiW 53J&H
^y.*M
II Y
' f )
'IV- 1 xV&'-f&'Xj** .
, K ^ V^^'^ 1 ''
j
i I
;■ . .
v-j
M
W " ■
■ I I
\ ■ i
J
I
I
: ^ ol~-~J, oULJ o^y i^oxll OU-JUil jJLi ^ ^j
J^\ pj ^ jltlj oL^'Uii <> AJ^JJI pIj^VI J Durrani ^MjjoJJ
\
Jl
.*J
U-J
M
^^Jl <U3*« jSLic ^ 3 • ot^u'Uil ,> v.^l »l>Vl J Ghilzai ^IjU ,_ \
' jUjUs jiUic (ijii ^ lyb'j
vJ» Uj i ^jjVi ^i
) fr JU-JJ! Jl JUiljM jLUI jUC^ U;_^
: *jun v-oji 3j>m jjun 4o_Cm7J oi-^uit
Hasara
Taimany
Chahar Aimack j
jOl
A
\
<JS
* 1
**>
7
*4
1
M
^4
>-^
\
r
Pashtu jutJ\ djJfyj ( pathanoUUt ) ^1 olx^'liil oK~- J.c j% (\)
Jf VJfc^ c ^jVi <jA
J\ 4iJJ! ^ 3,^jU!lj ', HjJ Ui» ^iTI 4^ ^j
a3
uVi
1^^*:;^f^^": : : ">v^-r*^^'^^'^r;-:^^^
i* . ***-* ^ IV,
J
\-^t
\
?
V-A
^ <U wW 4^y UT < Tajik j^U. ^ ijT 3JL_S 5^ iikL. j^jj
oym ebjjVlj < SjjSfl JJUM i-U-j 4 jJLAJI ^U <> yJiJl JLJUJlj
r
a \
i L i-
U*o>-1 u?.->^ o^ :> ^ Of*. Ifr*-**- ' ^"*>-j ^ <>^jl r -^L«31 ^Ut^JUil ^^5 Cots' j
iU*t ^2k^ oJU" ju*
r
^jU Ul*^aS tjaij * jU-ui ■ u k ; L^> ^1 <> J^l u^V oLjJI u^J ' ^^
1 v\ t
4 ■
F I
**
U 5jUaW
.^»
-r
JbO U--i I^JjIj J^"-^^" ^'^ (M
T
1 :
■ - '
1
1 , i
1 ■ ■, t
j i
' : i
> ;
E
I
h
r
1
\ :
j l
1 )
L
■ -1
\
is.
If:
^i\
K
!
Si "
mi [
Si
.0
4 *t*
;■■
■■ i 1
ft
I!
1"
I
:.
f i
, .■ -
I 1
A L
-i; ';
■ i.
3-'
is
>i ■
?;:■
'-i
!■ 1
L
r i ;
a-
j
r-i
V-i
■■ .
<i"
■ - i
■. L
!■. I F
1
I "
J '.
- I
ixfjfr ) tr^r-*' Wj>T >*' J\ jUjjj »£>. ^yJI jlu-1 ju»
xJU
u-
5 >t-JJ LH*" 'jlJ «*M C*-*U1 oljoS Jk <iUJJ toys* cJlS" ^Lrfl U ^J| S^i
W^i i^J <J r^ 1 A*' J* :l * ka, J U -> ^.^ '> u uJj-^' u° J ' V-jWl
cSj jUxui jj,.! ob < oL ISLAM dU; J I ^w ^ ^-jUM J=MJ1 oV l^bJj
■ 1
f
I
IziVJ
^ -JO**; blj*-' »>^i*-i Ol J <^41 ^JUl J»-j <H^ oLJ\ J>-1 (
Oi^ll oV\ — >j (> <x^ ^^ iJL^j • ^/ll X* J\ ^jU ^U \ ^uJb ^Jj
* 4ik4l J f%^W fjp.
**
U
^AA>
'
~*
*+
? ji r
p j !
Fl
J ' I
' f 1
J
<I>m
>
( r W-A/ ^ N N V - )
ft J\J3
u^.J-> a o^ O 1 ^
r
• ^-^ J ^.^ r !aii o^j ^l ^jj, j^,^, ^ ^ ^^^ 6ir aiJj , ^
' ^ , ,'il
■^ ^
I f '
1 .-
n
■1
.0
\S
'b' trtJ-^ * JUi u i >i i: ^^ £**■"■?. oV J*Zw^ j± ^jUJl Ja!>U1 o 1 ^' *^
jUsl J jUjui *L&> ^-aJj <■ .« a-ijjd » <»£»J1 i)jX3? 4^5Urt Jt J-^»>J1 <J1 t j*~*i
J»!>L_J1 ob oUCft^t Ji -uU
I ,-,1
« u-ojj^ » 0^ VI * 3-^.jUJI <lj4)l
ciU — «n/i *-ry Ji « u~>j.a« » J^ J» ' *»->ji o^ <> j**t cr-* 1 w""->
un
• <**Jl)
I JWU olJUO^xIlj
■•^
ol >.
tt
I.
: <>i pU oLaU Vjujl*j «JL»o <w ^jl^f.
« ^-ijjv* » oe. j <•** ^.v-j v v T v^'-o' ^j^n j^' ^ -^
Jb ,>Lx~.>U u-iJjy v-r^J ^JJT ^ c^J^l ° L - iJ1 Jai - v5>' ».>*.>
• <U*J \j\S 0-j.jjy a* r liti3U 4~«U »iU*i f >„ oV
• '
;L^
frj
<oULH Vj >J1 ol < ^jJ t> Oje 1 **^ 1 ^ c lTW-**
0^
U ^j Ujuc ^U-j jWjuI o 1 ^ X^ jl*-a»- *^i cJlt ol ***> <^^
1^}L^^ All> J JU^J C>U jl j^
A £u ^t u^j ^*uxj <+jjI\ ^%^u^\
f
1*
44
r ^ UJ1 V£ Ijju^ o^ ^Uai-^b « ^^1 J' L^^ 11 <> I^J>>^ t o**iW1
VjJLl J Uj tW r^ 4-*ii j^pxcU JLI^ ail Jj « Jj"IjU wiJI Vo ^
J-T^- ;
))
( NVN\ )
jU.!l oU» JjU
» JVbj^Jlojt 6t
>*~ ) ^i ^3 < O^iVl oVU^ J>„ v^ ^ j, 1JU
I
■ r j-^ ,**« ^j^f. o' J«^
«
■*-' » o' VI i el.jjVl J*
¥■■*■**.' -..-/;.- ■ -v^ ^^.w^lF * *;
"'■•■^■^.ir
^Jtm^-t-'T.
^■^.^-^■:^ , .^<-/:*
h^t+r-w ™-^^
TU
f»
™n r
UUVI o^lka > ^>n <JUJ| ^ j* y^pj Cm ^ x-^
{ J^>^\ o,»<.* A ."i
cr^-J
,J_i* *Y> J^>- eU-bj c oUiVl JjlJi a, ,i JwL-j
tfcM
\ , ■
/r wn ) oU/ui. r u*.i
■j**4l ^Ulj < i)U~^ Jjvjll Jb-1 5^o- <^U j\^j& v^
.1
' VviJ V oT oUi—l jj^ ol U"j L«-uc ^-UJ! J
j
_ ■.
.Je otjUitl V i»-b t-»> oUiVl *Y> ^a) u^„ £ _Sj»JiJ\ »JL* Ji. J
■t '
* u
O^j * o^^^"^1 J' <JU-^. ^^= J:^ J JUi <> L^-o*
(AJUa
^jlj <— =>*j^- i ^yUiV^ a^>Jl l3-U rf aj_ o' 0^ — ^^l ^'^ Oj^J a .* ^^
*T
4.
^ V
• ^^J <^w*Jb <Ui Lo ^Xfi (^)
■i ,'s,
r '
r>. ■
a
t\V
o
1 s
li
r-. t
. i (ij-Sn iJjUl ^> ,> W-^i£ i!U^ ^-Ui'VI of^l <JU oo-ITj
• _to-jj| -U>bo, ^t Cj\j^i) ^ ^i*j
■ «
aS\ LMj C *JbA>- oly <t\
* Crt2 u **JJ J^-j t>> »^* <J1 Jkli
ri J
J,
.1
3
.!_* • ^-UiVl yAj*Jl ^i^j, J A U, <^- y^jUJI ^/u^Jl ^oc tfj t <JUi ^i
i
• u^l ^wjiii 3-^jjl euar jj Jajii A*^uy <^;,ib y
•^ -— U-L*U J tit
W^UJl SjLiJl ^4] ^uUtfl iJUib.^lT
••.^41 jl^i ^ £li41 ^'U ^1 J^, ^ yJtk, dV ; JjVl
■. ■
h
■Oj — l«Jl t^ai <> 1+bsS. <L-H. ,>£j ^L^b ^L^H ^jUL. & u ^\xs i
&
;li)l
<j1>tij <&%j q[x.
— *j? JO v— J~J ' ^>^-. aT^ uIju. J o^Vl
^Aj 4^*U)I ^cL^. t villi Js: oOfL-, L^j • <ju. ji ^ jJL41 5Ja>J.J
i**^ ii "^ J 1 vy 1 (*«W *»■,;■*) »^SJ» 0- cr -7 lj V j a"^' • i1 > y l
j»
>
ai j\
M
♦*•
Gulnabad ^UUU ^T
J ^ ,Ui Vl ^^J\ ^U>U ^jUH a ^>J1
VU
VV <** jli» ^-jWI u^ ^UiVl ^1 .udt jj^ D l j^,
^j OijUji s^m.^-uiVi u ^\ jiku ^ c ia ^ ^ uu'^j . uuj'
: U
=.1
-<t-u
j
+* i
£-* 0' t> u-^i - *>■»!*- ^jl J* J*,* _5*j _ j_^ l5- ^
• eU J U»; Ailj > fj .j* Jl Sj^l J>H , D ir A ^^ i ^
Aj
\
t
V
^.-r-flJ^ «4>-y J <H*-jJ •>>**" JU*I ol viUi Xi < <jt 10*
(^uj^ \jajL*J <~JS 4fjJi\ \j±* J] Ijjj,,' t Jc S V>
t
u-
>"
Julfa i — -ii>- ^^>^ ^U ^ c ^LxoU]} ^UJ| yU^J'V u,.w 0) ( jU1 r^ )
■ ■ J
*U>1ji
^ -u^li Lt> j
**
*<.!>
\
<A^ijli SjOil Jj. A>-ljj
T
<*15 iijfc ^k ^*m»- oUiJ! ULu (\)
,Aci
f *
-*&'
■s
y
I;'
. ! i
» £!
■f i ■
r
■I
L ,
x
. c
■ Jl
-.
! •]
i
•
*i -
!■'■ ■'
£ * " !
"r
1
^ 1
r 1
J F
t :■
i.?
•I
\ ft'
if
■it
r if
• j 1
■ l
c; j
J ri"
i-i
Li
; j ■ ;
. !
t L
I'- ■■
I J
^ ■ r
no
i>r J-UI yto t ij**d\ o4^ jjSJI v^i *UU*. J jUiVl ^^Jl jiL Uu»-
♦ A£j^l V^JI oLJUx 3*,l5^ ^£ ^UiVl wiijJ ^~oUn
-Uji r^^* fJ^i Jl ^y^y^ *tj*^\ *\-+£y, IjaJxu* J-^-ajl UUi£_j C ^j^^a iaj^c
^j» oa* c*xJ U ^Ub ^1 j;1 VI ^_«^j><wi (^> u^* Ui i Lal^^l c^ocl **J t Jiil o^. jJ*
^-jl ^ib>^ (jj f Lf ^jUJI (j^jhJl ^J_^s ^ Uj^o -itajH j>«Vl cji^-i
( Ul a^-1 )
*-•** f*
-*:*
r
t
■4-
**-
(^"ly (j-* ^i***" U^T ^^^ ^-^ob <JjL>e^j — )jjy> ywuu-6-^b — J^jJI (J_j /"-li^
♦ iJlii^ gJUd\ <>*^>\j j& oj\5" obj.^41 oi^b J0j (ji^j*
Ben Asfihan
^I^a^jI ^t <ij&\ *^ U *^*J (\)
^■.,^.Y^*; ^ -*'.
■ I--.
: «i
? r\
TM
^
jL^iVl ^3 Jrlij (
Tim
v-b «> «
L>^">-
I dUU » ^j oU*— 1 j^U- ^iUiVl l/ A ! *J^ o^ Ui^.j
■ J
-I ±
iiVl *Uo ^j, ^^iJ] ob^ o^oU Gulnabad .aUiif J I >J" ^^
l>j^ ^M -^Ui S*JU\ 1>U<J\ ^iiuj abw»j OWji oULUUj
J*\ oLV/i
i ■>
(>*-- jti] J?Jj+£S\ ^J* Jiljj ^Ui > <JLwJ <>L
U Juju £j1 oLM\ JjU
1 L
y cJITljUa-^Ii'iI
Osi
I
i* cj*i-.uc^», • ( r wvv /** ur,° ) <^_4i ^•jl-jj j^«i
1
i
<*5"U
I <*^L)1 jtzi 01 *U* 4j^L*w <*>-y J jkiH '^i ■*>*>■•* J^» 0^
^ «
ttf ^ J*x 4ii c ^>U1 ^X>j p 1 J ^.r-^ upJl v " 1 ^
<J
■
' ' ' ' \
^
Jjrib 6 ar-^ J'. LJ ^ *^ ^Uj ^ bj^=—' u. 1 .^ 1 u^^' pU^jJI eUJjl UlT jui
t
■ • Jij^ ^3 -i^t ^J' V^^
' .'I
t r
^ :
.'i
Ml ■ I J
-r
m
KiD J -
H 'I
^f 1
j *
u*j*tt J! J^^ij <o* 0* t UuJ! -fc 5 " cA- uij& > J^_ tf ^1 ( y^^J, )
* .... j L^ J 1 -^ <Jk J^«a*Jtj <L>-i ^ jtiLC ol *^ tr^-* 4 ^ > " u** £r"^ <-£^
■^
4J>ii1 cJB J dl^Jl eUJj 6 JU1 <> 5 j\>=U lS^I J -^-^ ^ ol pi
h*^J <**-jUJ1 4jj?L£jJ1 otw-suJt *L*j J^ >^JJ ^ J-c* 4 I4WW <Jljj>*Jtt
■ ' ^ . ■ i
*
yU>Jj ( ^_ > *>y» ^ ) ^^1 t/^iVl »LAU flj\ <*i* _ Ul)0 JUl ^ — L^aii yJ>oZi
• V^l *>Lall i^-Vb - U jy <^ <> - ^4*11 > J>L;jYt dUo* l+Jft
<*
i
<i1 c^iJ j_^l <a4» JT fjc yiisj o? { j><p^ oluJI ) a 0^^ JU » ^k 0^
I *
^Oj 4Jl>u J^ VWj 3*^ ^uiJ J>B Vl oi* Jl* ob # fc A 2>J, O^il /^ *-J
■
• ^ila*Vl air j_^j J <>yv, JIJ1 duLj c*i\f iiLJJ «uljLaxJ^ <u«*>J
<^
I
41i ol -jLxcVJk ( u^t ) hjL^tW S^Vl ^*> Ji^jll yJLUl Jc pL^JI ,J*>
AM
AJ
*t
cJ. IT Aii * o^Vl t^'U- J ^4a^- ^jy*»axj jXu j^\j>_ pU* 4-U>J^ oJl* J^j
. l
^b*
V\A
2~^ • \U1 IjS U,^ ^.J{>
* O^'UiVl Co*7 <>JU*J1 ^
) <> fcjJkyr pL^Jt
J Jal>JiU ^a****** j^ !«*LT
>JU j^^wA)
* WAJ.oU-JUil ^ o^u^H oljSJI yJkx*-» t
«5^^>fc* ^^IC ^^f
Jl
J
J 615- ^^,1 4^ _tft V- • ^1 j^ ^ jt olx _ ^- u ^^ ^
a« * oU^L^! J! JUJIVJ1 Jl^V! ol~, jj ^ . ^, ^JoJ ,U^ Ji <*>
>
o*Ui-l ^ )^i Jc U_;ijai ^Uiil o^" i 6j^ \*b *>■>
~i±& villi <JkD ^Al| j^l U- JbJb^ . ^J-1 ,£>! J* ju*t
V"
^xJl obj^ll oulTj <
V'jiYI o41 <> 4
A • *•
V^b w
il
m
»
i> ) tji <Jc »jJLtH V-JjJl jT^jll 4*i o^U>- 5ju» ^w
j ( O^W ) j (
.oU*^J1 aj.j Jj^JIj <ijU*JVt otfirVjll oxu».AaJ Jj • <L-- oJ-tf lf*Jlxi ^>Qj
Ojl^iJ J4>b jiVVl u~~
At »
Js»
L^Ut^z
Am*
I
al/l v/ cr 1 -^ *">' ^ ^ ^ fl ^-^ ^ JJ J ^ ^ *-SjJ*)\ *A* J
LmJI -tfLi
£~tfjj
« Uui t£^-*>*£ J*-**, p^*U 1*U$*j * jj^jU lS^5 fjhJ tj^^J <ljUu* o^5* **ii <j**Jt
+
j C ITUjX! ^'ULJI (j^oJl J^X^l ULu. ^y'UJLc ^^*^» J^j I4JI
>-*4l jj
\ AJjJI
iJU
<^Mj\JiS\
* s >/ V^ U^ tf-A; ^.J^ Jic ^Ai jpdl J] ^*jUjuII a^ Vj ^. J jLxJWl
^:
«a
fcH . ■:-**13
*. ;•«
*■ i
m'I- _
fY
%
i
1 r
I
h F
* t
^ T
^cJiy;
■>iflj:jii
1 , T ' I '
l ( ^ ) <>
r
<y <JL-JSJl pL*oVl <> cr-jji UUdw JjLr <JU- Jl ^l^x^J o.ju>L* ^jjIV
t
) o^J
U
h J
**J£l l*i5L*j ^sll -
: (JUL _^J1 Jb (' \YH ) L^u>. U-J 'i^jfU f^*-* 7
s
} i
h^
'. • ■ r. t - „ .'.■■" - , . ' .
u
.F
I *
1 h
■
b *hjL
m h (
^jli ^ aJUjJV^j^V^ Iwij^.ol^u-l oo*
id\ S*x^L«^
cr>
J
o
Ikl
-J1
V
Y
* *
«■
: *
c
r* * ij-jLi <> ^rr^ c^ r*^ 'j*-^ 0^ ^ Ul * ,, l^ cr^'j
6*ob
Jl ^ jjJ^ « l**l» 0-*^ J^ 6 i*JLil] ^^5 J\^ Jlj-H J\ a iUU1
W*t
>db Lib
f^(>
plj ^yl] JUi C US31 i*.^ -U)1 jl-j Lib a^I ^>^— (N)
•'L>^*^ ^ ^^ ^ ^
J t o\.J» J>\1\
yiUic ^^ J^ii Ul^ IJU
U j c r UcJI ,uVl »o* 4*!y ol U^ 1 <^ ^•■■■■■r ^ il •
|U ~^? JVo~~ «> <*■*! ^
J*S\j Uic.JaS.xJ
r*U
■ Jl.OLd
UJ <> Jlax£
(J*"^ */*W JJu&
c
*-Ajfc
UJI ^ ^ yiT. JsL aur, ^!j ,, ^^UJl
■' ■ ' ■ *
-UJ
>LuJi <sam
SJjO>. vJ1^J> ^yj
pIX-.- aoc J^, ]0 .1 J| .ojt ^j^f
<il]
•■■■ r »4» jjUi> j.cjir.^1 ^,-uj^i ovir^ij Aij^-vi ov^TjJi
H*
bJu JJ ft-5J>t^
1 o' -a* aij*ll Jl <,jmJj ^ i j^J! 4oVj Vjl «Ul Ij-i-u-b
• (_* mv/ r \yvo) • uu
( v^L-V I ^ jjuiJI Y V #.. )
• • •
*zr/* v tow -rf>.
■ •*«»H<r^.+i*
Vfc-K»t^^ " '
^4
J
I
t
4i*
a»1._ij Ji« ulj • >>»**■« oljJ*. ,>-iij5.1 iiJAT wijjkJluV^-i Sj
• jyiaxll 1i* JV ool Jj^-1 J-"^ SAC -la-y 1 i* yJUf
i;-* uWVl jtj-ol c l4^AJ o'jil cH J <> JUs !' n <> "H J 11 ^^ <>
\
L
J* J^ Vj ... obil JJ* l> A-i a 1 ****** <*U«*-1 J uS. f)j • v >i.
jj.<Jiw. 4jji
•* lAr-^ J u*-^ ^ J^r^ ti-» •"^ t* 1 * 7 ( v— ^ )
>
<0
t
C=7j?.j * H r,ja5 l5 *- ij " oUUal - ^ ' V ^ ^ <iJ3j ' l * ii " ^ ^^
V
«iili <U J^J j
J*
1
J
j
]
J _
■ l
s
I
1
£
J ^sUiVl Jj-^-jJ1 ^j-j yiJI S^l oUjVl -U ^Iji o» -i^T J* «jlT
r
>— J» <> u°J * oV-l ^ v>-j j»juij oU^I J* >
A-MlJ
»*
i ,-iir
u
^J ' 'S-fjWl j^SJI ^u; t ur • s yj\ „ju J>t j ^ Q \f 4-i j^y, u _
^ja>w. ^i> otJlfc.1^ a*^, ^jui ^j
Ic
- <uWaJ1 oljjlH
• UliaJI -J^Vl Jl oTj,
«
U jj
*t o^
♦ U 4^ J] ^U| ^ju^ <^y j ^ jLja , ^ 1jjU
SjliYl
T^"^
iJUjtoJ
***! ^r 5 ^ 1 a" J*! ^r^JiJl L.U,
■J J o^<u~-l
<ii:
c^ irjjt Le *i~* ^Vl ^>. l^T <^ J _ ^UoJ
1
J
u^jLi l_A
JUiVl
^y* tAj^^j
V
I
x
V
^r
"t
**-
fij • ^_?«>4 <— A-^
c^ ^
U-Vt viUy J>U
oUxJ! JjLj ^ <^U (\)
* ( o^ j^U ) r U — j^*^, <U^.
^J^il 4^^ ^ VI Jzi
*u.J u1 VI < o^*** J* <3y
* -U>1 Ja*J jJU <J_j3
.5 . * u-"J^ *.•->+£> A-aju v5^^ <—o}L-4 ^>i **--^ ( ^--^Jj JwoL )
> yj^i <>. J
I v U1J-». cS-^
VI < U— 'U U^ic -uj i^i _jJL_-1 o^j
^jci^i; oWu»1 vj-* -^J 31 J 1 aUi ». J*-* <A^ J^ v 1 -^ ^-»j *
it
<i>-j ^_a5 jlj ^L^JUJI jjX-chJI <*jJLo ^_
((
I »
(
t)/
+
■: J\sS\ J\>J\ OUiVA *U*lt
« f .i-T, J— < *>-,> J — i. : -~Jl (_ji— .^i ^U »
^ ,> v V^ ^ vfl-. V^ 1 ^j 1 oV ^ «> c^l^' '^J* ■»■> "****-
1-
JLSLiJl <i^J] gU Ail jLtfl J*
> ■
«
1 » J-3 ^ eUiT J» Jaii ^*
, <- *
j^^SL^ UU*1 I^JIjj «>. a>*A?U o^ Vr*^*
cO*i c JU cSl ^le.
-' a^^r ^'
,( Lib ju^I ^Uiii Jbj -»>^ ) 6i*>" ^ S -^ 11 ^^^ °-> b °' ^ f 1
^^^ J^li oyj • o^'^l c> ^ l
J
olT 4j'V < e-Ui ,>ij <*jJ3j jyill °-^ v^^.'. ^
j1
! jjaL. J o^J • tyUi-IV
Jl^tow^is ojAC *_^5 j^J
; w^w « ^UiJ\ oUJ~n ^ ^w j^ J^^ 1 ^ J^ ^ u J
-it- <^>
VI <*i.jJU\j -uilV J. C 4»Luu. < > ; -JUiVV pUUJI ^ ^j^ (N)
^ <^js>JX\
r?o -
wii£_ ^ \j^j • ( a*. LJ
A Jili ) o^- JA\J i)U
4*« ujUi> ^IT ^JJl
^1 fJUiJl ^ ^iXJl ^u^n Jl jj J, v ^ l u i ^-UJUJI ^l ^ « _i_^i „
J %*>_ ok c^J6 f WtV / ^ \ N ( • J ia*U> ait Jc Oli>Jl j*;^ . ^L^t)
- <Lu>LU *ifc ^J jjj U *j*»1j
vi
t»a> C
UU _i.pl, IU~M _i^lj < Q ,U . ...I I iiJt olixLJI ol*. «-*^ -*,m»j
* 0"jU J*
\
V
V
• ^j*» <««m*> u^*jLj oik UiXt&j
*Al
\
* J
1 oihi n
r
T
£
1i_* j,^L jc <JUiJ» 5^J| J _,ix~~. ^j Jl J_^j oi ^jjji] \S lilj
1*--Lj ^1 5io_*4l jjiVl j^iM <*-lji o! <Jc o^" -^ < oLkJ! c -^l JjUxJI
• ^jxLaM u^««^Ja _j* (Jbd^ ^Ul >ull jlfj •
la
PI-AX.I
f L~aU viUiT Lib i <J1 ( jUli J* ^ ) f L^M ^^ v < ^T a^ Jl
' o-"J^ cTj* cJj^ o' aAj . ' ( ^^ ->^' ) ^M ^tf^—
* * *
*»
I
f
N»
1
I r >
l
(teicF*
*jn 01* <*J3 •
jM*p j
V
t>vv; ^ v^-^,,.-^^^^
■*- . *
I
i
*h
v ' ■ V.
^ **-■ t .
* 1 '
1 .
* J
-■\
* ~"1
t .
J H
o
L
.J
^
h T
ote 4LJai Ju* ^ jjj Kirklu ^IT^ <LJ ^ ^ • JL*Vl «utj^ J <>J'V1
«
ii^yi w-*** <> Lf v>^" oi ji t jj&\ ^l^Ji 'i'j^-c
4*
c
AJ
C^ I^I.SjjU^ S^J" S>^£ ,1^1 cob? ^j^J ^1 jKjf i>Ji£ oJ-ai U^lj
-A
-iiVt
4
i
i
i
i
. 1
Vj- 5 f^* t/U 0*1 -H* «• JW»-5jui».{ ^b- ) I4L. E > jd* -s^Vt cJ ir '
/ f HAA JAJ-iVj eolTj « ( i^oSJI 4*Un ) i^T.US -lull* jcury < ( j>li u*.^ )
J I J " ■" ■ L I
* 1 ^
1 j ri
'J»
I 4
-Ulc ^-aJ * o^C ^ S^ iuUH Juo J-Uxj V 9 * Ul^J
J I
F ■
■ n
J
*f
UH <*^U Abivard JjUL^.1 ^L- lTj • :.<o jfiUV>'i 1 ._^«JV
<d~- ijS oU4i ( vil, Jc Lb ) jl ( jjU ) jo^lj • ( el J*
Ik-"
ji — \j t l^l- jjll,! ^ ji aii ^ job ^ jk\ 3 • <^i ^ ,
•^i £ JU jt Jcj • ^b ^. ,> ^^LUJI j,J, ^ ^j, j, j_^
*^
< ,-
1
^■-
<£*3 ~JsJ*l\ cJITj < >j" ,m ^u 15- <iV Ijlsr^ • Ji> ^15 j^ Jl Icj^j
* ( ^jjU a*U ) <u^b tiUj ju> oiy: ^ ( 4*15 ) J* <j>L^l
f
'I
'•■•
n
■ X
1
-fl
?'■■
.r 5
£il
& i!
.i
i 1 "3
ft
■|,1
■ A
' i'l
PS J
V
I
*-.
"l
J
r
r f
! :
L
--ill ^A-nrfb jjjLwajJ pcxi , <it^'"
oj jll jUi J <u*5 *J Lu* ff^tljjH ^jJJ\ fS^lh ol il>*i o^ j^ oW •&
jU^U « oSJI j ^a«JU4» 0r^ w ' 0^"Vl «> a^ *w : ^U ut *Jc <ui_>
e* k CT'> :j -
(^JUI _j»
,1c
W iJ U*
>r"<*i
»a* Jiw l^iT ^i*; V a-^jU) <^-
viUU.
5Uij« JUT ,> ( oW- jiU ) jJ^ j o^« o^" U* .ju-r J5V1 > u^-'v w ^JT ^
^ r
■-
li
V^
* ^J** ] Jf-^ 1 ' ^^ V-^^ Oj^l J
^-/.
=t "Jl
SS
HK
c-^wJ 6^ 0^^^ ai-*^* 7 ^ J j^«*s*^ ( jil* ) <^U^ o^ o-r^ ^ t*-°'jJ
.
>
^^i'qILi
^!)U1 eU? tj^p^ yw-^Jb oL.£J! ^L i-^-jliU aJU^JI *JUVl J £-»&. ol
\
;i
iiVl
•• tl
<J*
• ^jCauJIj L^t^-JI ilj^l J LJ^Jl Jjb j\
J
Li -U-uJ-flJ Jai^>eJ o\
l»
r
4 -J
i t '
'■ I
■i i
■ r
1 4
ib S_aJ" *T_^. ^^ ^lc -Uj^. ^, j c oU-!>-
^]| o4l Je <J^ ,> S^J" oUlki tf j_,xJ ]JVj L^U. 4i^u ( jUjuJ )
» M
Je *Ja> ^jj < I
u^
I
_pU ) l^j jd\ 4h~}\ jij 0jUlJ < 45-^, 0j b Damghan uU*b -ucj .
tS* ( ^J^ i^^a^Js )
b oc^^I, <.o^ j <]jio Jj^ _i^ ^ ^jji ( oU
• <-^ <> c*u oi j* r jcj • ( <Jai ) j v^Vi oi^vi dur, <u^ j^
<*
^
^
rrt
■ i
I *jV
>M E
>a'LJu £>i J^J * ->*>*■* v>^ ^^r ^J&J — ij^l ^j f f*'j* ojljil ^» < aL#*.
*<> tg-Lo o jJU (J^iL-aM O-^-Jt ^^ jj^a5 Uj&Li LujLC <r ^ . l ,..^l? ^jSJ ^ C <U^-o U 1 Jj*
Ji * *xaJ^ iiUs J^ {*jj* S -»^J\ c^iJij i <j_^-ail tjJyi ( Jj*>^> jj* ) \*>j>* ^xl\
I^P-aZLa ^Lfi«?1 <*~tfUt u^^l? I4JDI J=0 ^^ L*j-*5
1
44
r «
i IK 31
■; d.
f -j i
jv
ft
ii.
'♦
* *
j cJlT jail ^\jU\ u- s ->^ yB
dii-j t i*rw\ o^Vi u ~-l
wjUj
cr*
• £i,;LN J oL... L4J jUs-Vl <> fl/1 Jj^> c--*! L 04' <j-J J.H L ^^.l.
■i
c
1 j* ^Ji ob 5 j^4i V^^ J> iiJ,
4JLi jJb" t/iJ
-fc
imsr&
■ruv
ft
J !,
iLu. o?.-r^ ^ JcZurghan o^jO o„lcj c v^^ v>^ <****>>. ^ u -^J ?
■
.^JUiVl £?*>■ Cj&i?) r ^" *st ( Jj5 v— ^ ) oJ* 1 J^ ' ^^ A: r *J-> 3 -*
• 4.. M .ai ■ — 9j-il «^-L*J ^J
L.
:1 %
1 , I
, !
I'
\ t\
f
"">^i«-«
LU I 1 — I X'-^T"
■i r
1 coir j*. L^i) c~i>fj Oij^JL o^i j^J| j,> ^ oijil <> C j>Jl
u ^» <_^lb i bi! J uje'UiVl 1+.&U j*\ i^U o^t dd-b_,
Jc eUi *bj <> ob>J J — -*•* of ojp >iUi t^^J t V^Vi sjjiM jsy. o<j»i
^ ,\>1 J*j J1y V oJU" j&\ 6j.\\ ^yd] A*.\ y _ 1 dJi -u, jjU ^k JIT
J *
ll '
\
J H
: ^ ^jli.
F .
1
<J
II 0>UI
jjJl 4jjOll
\
r
V
&
cJLT i^UJI <^^Jj ^j . 4J ^j^^Jl ^k ^^ J\ j^l cu5 j JL^ ^j^l ^-LUt
\TX
*
J^ ^ ^iii vi m, j_ii_j . ( ^ NNa y^ Nm j oUi ^^^
* **
V"
JJ <> -i^it 4*1* f»* ' Ol Jr- u U-* J*^ ^oj oLi v^^L ^a, . <^u^
C t*ca.- ;
^UkLJI L^i ^JaJ OJIT ^11 ^_,Uj ^^M oUVjIl ^ ^ J.\ ^ jl
- ^Lx^Vlj oUi^l Or— »U' *> J 5 " 0^ obU-J» JaLfj Sjb^Jl J^j _ r
V>^ U: r V -1 ^ <**>J1 Sa*Ul *i* J _ Ci> JJ» ~ ( J^S y^^i, ) jtj
IX* -w ^jXt^UiXi* fi*U>L*U frjjjb
>■>
■U
^ ^ .. ufrd l 4JL_*j o^j*"
j -Jail Jf o^**-W oi-^ &lj\ t>J <1^ ^ •**•!' ^ J^ U 5 ^^. tj*jU* ^oll
* (<j^^l) u^-^^ V^W=-tf>l J! Lg-uk cM-b_ «^j ^jXJl obV^ll »oUb plkLJl LJlLw^
•W> J^*J1 Jl c J^i ^ v 1 ^ ^^ c^ J^^ -^ O^J c j^ o^^' £^*'
• ( ^* >\io / ^ ^YVr ) JitJULAJl J* U^j <~Ju (:>& )
± ■
,u.
^ Lf^ jts^>eH V-^i ti^l J tlr^'U-^^ *J^ ^^ Jl ^, it* ->^ rf} 1
I '-
J-
r
i ■
i
■. pi
c. ■
4:
.r
J
<*y*j* j j*i->J Waswij • Lib oUi£ Jb_jL Ujl_y ,^^9-! ,> a^-i j SjLi, L^j,,
: <U>u i)_>LU »*» ,> (*) ^^1 ^JbJt ^e.
r
J^ ffr'js" ^ -it |J JJJl • • »U oljii <^U. <*L V.>. *5>U c*xMj
jr -»sJl j>1 ^^ cobj • jj.j>. <_,£*». j y_ydl ^JUVl ^ rJ »^ - <^jj
^ J*v" u- 't^ 1 J' e^y v <^uj\ sj^i du? jc ju> <*i>-o<
C*i5_jJ J.
ii • ^Sjll Jk JU1 v Ulj ^'LiJl J.MJI ^jL^, cwXul LS\j
f ^j * -u*JI oU^ ^i* o' ckz-^u. ^Jj < <Ut J^^l (> LiUuH obla*y!
r&. o' (>
A *
c
xl. o!ur *ju^ ^j i sryti ^^ ^.u^j. q\ <jc oW
- • ?
cf! o^ij CU-Uj a^ , ' l - iJ, iMyVl r lisi\ ,> c^^" ^'^ r V^JJI oJU ,J3
J
^JJ= I
*j
oy *Li1 4jt- ^ _j) oljJl J vj>J\ x.1 <!U=V Uou~. o^ j^Li o' ^- V
>'»
Jlj Lib -u>-1 ^ S^*U>, j.^o ot jjU jjU • ( ^jli ^JSI) j a x^,
J L*>cj *j^l viUr jUil > I A L,a»- V 1 ^ 1 V S . J1 J -'^ ^'-M 3 *
• Ua- Uj WAT ^ ^.^1 j^JWI JJ^ (\)
; "; ^i^i^/^;^
'Wv, p-rfi^U--
~x?;v,.
J* T JV =Li!**). dUr.Of ..otH-JV^ij, ^J 6 >? VW.-o^-^j*
^■w ' l$J»-
: ^ J . •**** o~**> ^ Uui ] o MW
^ !=^ ^^ JlJj>.f-y~X <:>**-»
1
M
^ b . b*Ul J- ^M ^^^i
r
4
-3-**J' J ^yUJUJl ^^Jl jy;
* *
4X.A.5 , a « Uju.
«
j*j>.i ^ >sl> <Ji J^y ^1 Jr 4 -" *■* o^
1
<A* &j
<>*
•**
** +
^
Lib
•ui* • <jt_^n ^ji j <^w ^ js, v ^^ ^j, j ^ j3l . ^
jSjl
OiylT j ~t*L_^ i^Vo^'t^M^ Ann""oT ^-JUl ^fc J ij-^j Jt
■t
oUijL. <> JfJ-' tr -jU.ils J ^i».^U ,\YU -Recht .,*~£j Sa*U, ,j J
ft-
I I
■• r->
* 0) a*** < ^'js-b
liJUxlb bo*. « aiija » j « /b » U»t ^jjt ^ *ji^.\ | job dJb fij
r
»'
• L^jJ ^ilb JLiUiJl <J>*11 W^= OJlT ^1 ijjxkl] JJUl i)U~
o\ji^ <£,**, ( WH ) Jikll oUill Slij, JJ S^JGI oljL-^V^ oJi* ooJj
,<Ul jLxtl Jb Ue^ jl UjC-* ^jLu ^b JjVl ^J\ j^U ^ J«». ^jJJ jfi\ • J»ii
obV^ll eU; ,>U^ y-jjl ,> ^Jt jJUl j* job o^ <^jLiJ» <IjJjjU J>" (^)
la_T> pUolb ^^-^itiw <OJOj 4^>Ui. JjUxj ol -U*i" Ai j^V\ o^" JJL; ^ ,^-j^H
■v^**V' ^^^^^V^'-^?
&S jjU' ui «i
Je ty-jll -coL^ j>Ul ^ j^4i
^lko ^1 L. IJ+i UU X 1 Ui t oiUj ,i UJI jj
*L
u~^ <d*>. SjuAilL, o-^J £_/UJ ,_^J1
^1 j U*j ^a.1 10* ^j • wJLU.l VI ^iL, jui J
■3*-J < i'jI — J=
JUx»l
JjjjJI JUs-1 jj
_^~U >t J I L^ij <^Uij ^ jU iU;v ^j j_j
:a.a^
I
V*
< ul^'Uii ^j v^-ll =Ml J CS>V1 <^J| oUU-Jl ^L^, .i ^ „
u-*J
J^ J I Jab' <Wli • jU| ^
jvi
I
^.U. I
Lj6-La
It
L^JI >„. r Lvl Jl <^
-AjCKJ I i- «J&
-J ( d^ ^Vl ^41 ) ^OH ^y^\ ^j ^ u ,
^'
.^iJI
j ^-*<^
Oil
4 <JI _ <J^J]j WAJ1 ■>
• ol^J! > IJ^A\ J l^j- UL «J«
^/i\ oijL^vi. ^jy^. l^-ir u,jj . < j 1 ^^ ^^ s^^, ^m,
o
« i^-ir ^-i d^ v 4du- vu ^j • jjL4t ^a^. j *iij»
• l*j^1
<-^U- c <^i ,Lw.
Mu.
4« /
^ ''
-Gl
L_;
>*
> C^^ 1 J 1 oL ^ ^^ ^ i tr^ ^ u-1^ ji ^
(*...5L-VI <->j*Z.\\ YY /► )
.-C^O
>d'»
a -
<_H j£ i!Li* j * ^.^r -^^ J
VTA
SjjUU oMJl J \JL**1\ iijp*. cJU" juIj * o^Ul ^j ^->d1 .wbJl J^U <**jfc
j*
*U cVi <> w^L— V» £*^j ^bVl p^>j j^Xftll pIjj <> -^^r i>^ ^ Jj>-^b
Y 1
* 0i->>
4 *i
: i
N
0.
-t. ) «:
* .Ml (
^ o>j i)Ui*>. cJlTj c jU-u5. <->_?■*-=> Vjt oLi .pU <wi
■ ■ i I ' - ' <T ' I.
<r^co (j oLj. j^ij ^^.pj ^jueoj* ^t
~ u'^j*
■**] *^1 i) -)•*■> /
•* V **
■ +■
... «
■ h
4 L-oWj&J1 jiTI O-'viUi a*; 1^-^b < <~~~ J i^' 1 ^
A
U '
-' ;■ w
^Jul ( JjuJI ) S^JU: ^ U>- <L a Lm bLut ^l£* ^p-lj j_*U~J J\ jljLil)
Ua
3 j
a - , .
r
0^3 JJ^ v
c <J
ip^jH <-*bu j>u» otf J> lj>« ol J-^J ' ^.Jj^ *-**•
D^xHj o^- ^^r is^J J ^>J^ iu-U— <*>.^> ^> -u^j <.
Li .wU
H
( AVI * ) ju«!I ^ <U^- <> ^j* ^ e -3^^ Lir* U*^ J^ -^^ aiii ^ cr , - ,
ji Ac^^/li^ <-jj^l1 <JUiV\ ol^J\ oa>j oLUJ\ *iU? J>U^
¥*■
J S^u -CuUi ^ 0- Jfl oUJbjCl^ Vj Si ,> JO Ij^ ioU a^ili ^.:.b J\
s*j w|j <ij>l^l -pIjj ITjU W-V j v->.1jjl' jLXll J^ai 4jH\
«*£ l$J A-*iUj. «_^5 L^jU-c- JLc j^ajj dSiiz* c**-aJl
VIS j < .»Ut c jJ ^i a ,^-^j , ; ^ f ^_ ^ oLi jjl; i^-ua . l^J, 1^1
j~»0U1 \jj \*±- ,> IjJ*- w $b J»3l; Jl oU joU .i.-.' < ,S>1 AJ-U ^j
,1
0*
O^Jja!! ^ ^JaJ! oliiUN JJb^, lc
t *
~ilAiV»
" *
5U1 oljSJl co=U ! 0^ J>»Vl
(jf*"*"
<> ( cU a^ ) \j* as j J. 4 <^lj <>^ j *■ ^ J^ir J1 jja^Ji j^, <jui
-u>y» ) ul JJ-J 5 * <U£jXJJ
<*jj£ o!jj
ea>
*#
a^zU,-^- 4.JW-JJ) oL-i ~U>>4 A.a-^.^U &b-ULo
W
r 1
u^J olj> L 5 xi^ Vl>*f L^ ^cj ^ J^IT ^k Vji oLji jjU a aiu1
f? <cj^ V> <^^i *U -U^
»• • *
C5-
Jidl
H
J 4* ■-■*
rt
r*- Oj^ AV J\_^ Jt cul^j ^ Jzj ( ^j^l ^j ) ^ JU Jjx^li
A^l
. iji-u^ <,uu ^ ^l. y>j . jiv? ^ o^ v- ji ^rvi j* ^j
• *
\
a* ozjr V tfiJI J^Ul ^jSM gjlill ^kw ^fa, ^1 ^, lT »Li jj>U jl >u»j
* e ^(> J^ 15 ^-*« t>c*j'
k^ J 4^ij o>.j -oM J\ ^y oi * oLi j^U S^_j ^J^ ] eJLi Vj
^ j oir ^ <>> • <-i <^-J j* c^» Ol ^ - ^^>Vl ^1^ < <J± ^>
M
t/^J
Oil iiUr
:^j ol 0^ <i''j? 0^ J*.JaiU* <^>- V U,>V1 fUAa,-,! JV
F1.
I
I
r
■ I
= !
i ■'
j
<jW o' J' •! — ^ j^Uj la*- jail j^. ojl«J1 ^i^ j tV**^ ->j*-SJl li» JJj
• Ai*Jl JU-i obVj Jc VI *-u t .Li ^U
/ N \ M ) ^ ^t--
( wn ) (
WoT
F
Lesghian
u^
11 \^ t*
oUjJJl juj> ^^j.Ji ^i ,^-jLi eXU i)U^ 0^ ^^ <A ^ A J ] j) J^ ^l 1 ^
♦ JL
> i h\ il! *jCJ <jJlaJL>» J^ai' ^LA*J^ oi^i • -^X^^ oLi J^[S C^ r l r -— J^* _>*J
-0U>tJ
■■ ■.
I
t
• ol^^lj A
sac ^ J 1 C*-'.A ^ eUi -^
»Uil *>
I <XJI oJL* j:l;i
o- ob'w «Uj ot.v^i 0a i*ir j5U ic ». a^, i ^uji jir _,..
o®* o-< b> •** \ji\r ^jj\ \ eL i JjU ^
<4
• 41
.>ii
1 i oUjji ^iji j ^juji ^^ji oir^i- j) ^juah
* i
.*
*«L- i)U* cJlTj • IjvJJ Li
"l ■ ' I
^ .u«n joU «Li jjU i J>' ^ ^jLi ^ 3^., | <, .
dUi-
'.& oU" 0^ J_^ Lij 1 ^_, . ^j[j l, ULi ,^
LJu <u1 ^ J_, _^U < UjJJ| fU <^y> ^ ^ a ^ -q
■■Jy\-
Jd_) <j
• « u"jU j> ^- J-Ul oil UJl t u Jr - ^ uui U* ^lu* c~~J »
4*
«-1^j 5_^Jj Viixj Uli jf] a Li jjU ^^Ij , ]j)jJs ^
• jji u»j o l ^ j_ ^ ^ ^ jr ^ j^ , ,
TC++.+J3 ]j
t •! |
V i '■{
£)jl_£*£ J^i ^jrU^ <U>- J^jl ul) <iili Ji oUA _pb° 3ji A^j\j by )jj,ys>j <»J>
ji <uj^£ ^jl*-1 ^ii^ -c^u jJUJ\ jjb tAJ j J bW 4J^4l *Lo JLx'ij
4.
J'
i$jL*j V (i-U^ \><all U* p A*> J oLi j^L* o^ Jji" *JLrj* U>*-a> ^'Li^ ^IkLJl
•II
] U-U£ *iUj>j
•1
&J.W oi o^ > 1 L^ 3 ^ 1 <J- ,dJ,L * a -^ «>■ " Ua " 1 J 1 * 0,kL " <*
r
un
1 ("^ jtf^J ^J* t/»- (J-J*^ (J* ^
\(WO)j
^jj ^ I
i_3
^JLa ^jAjf>v}\ vj^j&Jilb Lgilj-xl ^OjiJ *UJL^i*l\ <1jjJ1 ^ic <u^_i bj> u^ &
^X!l)
'. Ct
1^1
j
J i
t
J
t ■ . I.
wn j ^l* .& ^ <jl*ji oUxUn
*k»^ J iLili
Usll £=*» ^i« jJ^JV! o^ -ui • J_U01 C UJ1 VI jpj V i,^
0*
CO**
.■
' ^ t, ^ n -^ r^ ' S\ ^^ ^ C& (^ <^h hw\ ovu~ ju
• ob^sllj v UjV1j ^i>J) ^.^ yi <j^. ^ijl J J>L JI ^j] u\
x
jx
UuiJ
U»Jb <LL> e Li j^U » *J-
LJI
j*j
Jiilj «. ifj^x ,L>! -U a, J* _ ^i. J^Ji j^, u
<c
(
^V / r -NVtV ) <1?15 ^U*.
^uj bj^i %u jji U.J ^ jf j^ ^ JiU oU eU ^ ^ ^^
" fliauJI ^jLi oUU ^
ULc ^,« j^j l.j.j.t -,, -
1
^:
>j
^3jV'j oLiiVl o^ ^>L. o^' ^J! ^jjM (f jU
^ 0l=— LiJl ^k >_J . .0 i£i^ Le a ^.jJ ,Ua;] Jl ol> ^w
*r*W i 4
I
£ . 1
vu
- V
+
• S^»i lj& ^ Ji oa? ^ j£ j, < ^,1^1
*J
" k. I
•Lft JjU ^flj '.Li jjU <^-JJ V.^. 0- a*Jl JuLi o^
■
ftjatf 'oj& 0^ £>J* olj^l^ll jwai' ^ j^LiJ? g^dt villi ^ « oLi JjU » c>lf
3
4
S
'.V
■x
i ■-
■i
j
*jxi"cJ\f il * cr-^JV 'J &> (f oLi J^U )) £*£*; jjj
iy\ yb ^y* ^ij| a.^1^1 <**-\ *ia*»\y m aL-uC C*L~> 0' ^k <Jj * ^J 5 ',/* ikLJJ
.^flj *> LJ^- <J«j oV <L^* <*^' ^'^J* J&* *^1 Ol AiuU <> otf
O
\
^ J\ >a*skj> a*^ \jj* ^jlclj • O^ 1 -^ oLjxJ ^ ^^^ cH' ^"^
i*
U>» o^"j
• ^UX, *UiJ\ -u<JJ ^Ij V-£ J~o <^ o^J C jeUi
LJJ^ <u\ XJ.U > ^ Ji>J\ p^I - Jy ^j ^.^ j^ 0>
i
rio
i-,t
4 ■■
**
)>'
* Wt^oUibU <^-VIS^UJl.
+ 4
ii
*4
<&Lu»* <> V j Jltt ot
• • •
•* j« £>*-> («/.
• JJUy\ O^ fi/ ^ .** ^ o^j • V>
IjZS J^J- S^tu. w«J\j S&i) ^J\ \j**» j>iJ1 ^ \j*>\j iS^^ 0^" pi^ 0^"
&ji oUi j^U ^^ J U *u>- J*£ u3 6^j * Lak ell 4JLJ ^ _^j * dUbr ^^^iil
r
?-■
I ■!
r \
■ i
■ -i
«'
Sa^. oU- ^./ ^j • <SU^ 0- 0^ eiJ >> J* J-i ^-1 1^ <-5>- ^J ' <-^
"j*
. j]j^ j\ ao, ,> o^- r;./ oU -5 f* 3b - 1 -» (( CA - sr " <^ J olkL " ^ X ^ J s - uU ^ J -
^ il _, ±$\ u*. o^ljJl OJf .^U^ JJUj il < ul> r »/ ^iU^J jjA!\ ojU
ox.1 ^ ^*j ^j\J ^ j o^ (oT Is* J • *-^ • l ~- 1 J 1 ^ U Or— «> ^ 1
41*
-■J ■ ■ _-■.. i n i iXi h
-x- , i m,,
ir»- iii ^f^n ri-j. i .■
\nr ) iuw^^j w jijp.
^iJ j^i^Mj lA^jI' fUJf J! o^-*^-d V 3^41 JU1 <> L«J jt -
■ r
■ 1
J
^sll ^jiJlj ^-liiVl j>Jl -lui . 'ywjU ^ ^jLasjyi S^LU ^USiHc Sals! jv
' -*
-U-Jifi!
r ,
J
1
jfr^y;
wnr
J j* J v'^^r 11 '<^^\ -^11 <T^1 -b'jM oU- ^ OUji ^
: Ji ^ >
-i *l~- jt jl Jf j,_y_ J 4jlTj ^=,UV j i.yJI ^Ik^Jl ^jUJJ
»
^iUI oo* 0j&" Vf JL: .jLii jjJt jJuJb ^JWl <> Ljj v^^, D 1 0^ gJAJl
^*^^ t!y 'j* - j' J cr*«^^ ^"** (3^. ^-* i^-i
*4
■J^* a- j^'
r->
'J o - i^'j^" l^* 7 0^ v^. ^* ^.^^1 ^^-l^l a^° ^^ lS^
U^. V ol v*- ^ ' >T *Lu, jt jl ^^ji ,> jr
^
^
1
*
3 hkJdl
tu
^JLiJI ,> ^.A-tf v> /V <> jiH oj>^ oj^ii ("l&Jlj .*~* e^
1 +
L
4 +
;.Vi
r
<JL-J ol Vb.'.Y 1 olLLJl Jbj aSUl *!>» e^ J l^. j C* L - JU - <**•
• • L.j^ j! b_^ j1 SjU; IjilTl ,^ UtfJI 0- Oi^ u-^Vl ^'^-r 11
\
^bVi /
•* ..
<UjW -U»X>J u. *>ej
^** f djtf
j^ J U^Ail ju«n ^>i l^^buJ ^^ '* J » J . L - '
Jl 3 U- c>1 v*- ur
u,vi»
J
ur ^bjyt— ^ ^ «^y^ JWJij o^^-V 1 j^ 1 J^' v^. ^
c -
I
1 ,
j 1
f I
I"*
" 4. *-
a 4 * **
?
1 '.
l\
'V
rt
1
. r
: .
' r
■ I
r
. f
r
I
I ; i
■ r
1
i" L
I ■!
"JjUsIlj J>dl j~ jJ^VljoU- ^jf 0*. ->-^ ojL. ^j Jpj^i dLb-
a- 1 *; <>
• s ^l J' j^^. <> k^U- V^iJl
*f
Uj.^c L^j'jjj
«+
I *
*Vb S ^J1 J* j^ J3 oU ^./ Jc jj;
tt
J^l^£ i)L* Coif
^'LsJl oL^, <ikc <,.utfr J>1^c ^j « ^ y j\ 5^1 J* jj^-vi f iijl jl
>bo ^1 <VJ1 <LUlj ,* jfj -J^JI ob/j co'lTj • lo'l^Vl ^IjVl ,>
ol Jj^' ■JO* 11 ^
-i *jy *i.^\ ^j-hi «> us^U^ ^-^w out c u
L»,
• <T^V jLiJI JI^Jl Jc v ^l ^ V
Jl^Jl j^ljo^ ^/>^^'>iajQ1obUVIj' c iJu i V^OJl-i^^Vl^jJl
u-^rf
Lib
W^ ( Lib ^ ) J-jUii ^ j^ ol ^ D? j, )JU .. oiU . v ^^ JV^-jxl
• ojclkll L^jl a; ,jlf c«^Jl oLilX-1,
• it -/
t Li All
JjU
fl
1
..-.UJ
*»
r-b a- Ui ^j^ ^ . U1 oUJ- j* SjaJai ^ ^ oJU ^ jl^.
.fS • 0*^j ( c5^
^j^\ ) OJJWV 5 ' <L^ ccL-l or^>i!l S^ti J^U- (^)
j (X-^ I dUi t ik^b ^1 £ J>J1 Jia. ^ .( E> ) ^.^ j, j^,
j^jll J^j • <J <L^J| ^U. ^ ^j, o! S^Jl ^U ^b v ^Jl J^ j^^
o' >^-Jj' J LjJOj i " -:-:.• t. -j -
!>*>^u-1j W^ t UjJ1 J I*" 1 *** ' 5 ./-*J1 «>t t> ^ je^ e* 1 ^ 1 O^J 0) -fcfll l-Al>
f^j>
0*° ^j***. otaLul ^JjiWs ^^w £^LdJ 5
1*
oJir ^sii j^ai *iUw
< ^U* l^Ur^l ^ 0j*»Ul1 oU^-lj ♦ <JUi iij^ 5^.Uw. ^ItujJI pJH
a a J> * Jb-N *Lu- «> t^uM J i-nb 11 U4 i **** a 1 aUi* o^. ,^_>-^ <> f* 1 ^
i^-j
* »^J1 J ^'U^JI ^1 a, ^ <o4l ,> £.UjJ1 j^a wtfJl ^^Ji cjlT
Ui
4 oi ^ J^h^ ?& Ji 5 ^JJ ■•>-'• UV 1 • ;L ^- -^ ^^
<^. <J j < .^ J <*41 c-Li-j Os-V. V f u oi>" C^ os-V-V c* o^=i ^>
(^-jLill ^CJI c*J »_r-aJ^ J ^-ylTj £xi jJ»V1 iUlol
er J~ob J\j*N J' c^Jli iJLtll ,j.>yir L~-jj s^^ui £. a^,UJi <j_
J\j ( Lib ^ ) jrU <>■£*" ^-^ U <*jt 6L» ^1 JLM V U1 ^J * <J' ili'l
n ] ^ o* j ] o)^J| c> ^^^t ^.^J^ <3b*>i J.- J 1 *" vV! J-W-j °^ <^->
i ■
• WW ^ oU=- ^./ Mj v Ukl J U^ii
tf L^J*" ^^ OUI^I <> 4l,^L^ Caij( JJ\jN ) ^^'J^^ 0^" ^ij 5 " S ^J •***.
cJbj <i^J^* *^-Vl oaxJj'i>1 o& 9 * ^oajjJJ \Jujx l*^- ca>IT ^xll ( jU-Li )
* 4j jI>.LaH S^^Vl ^JLaJ L^Jji
!(L5-U ) LLw.^Ui JJ otfj « NA* Y — WW <> o^ ^ U^ r C (N)
#4
J 1
:'^
* ■
rA ^ it
Is
assy
i
:ft'
I
■I
■ i
^ i
I
J
1 >
^
-i
u
t;
^
I !
ij
l
l
^
I i
—•i-U.^0 jj lj!L*>K^J UftJ j.
4_L*~
^J> 1-u- «u^U <, , j <_-JLJ
l r
,-i <
f^ 1 ! 0^ ,/j -V^ 1 oU^,/ Slij yJkj
<>
5 -VI Jl .if
*■ A
^31 a &*> t ^^J
*Ui
,^AAfc3UXl ^« \j<sJ>
<T
i)_£Jl CJ J a Jl J^JI D y. ^ ^j ^i V ^- V i ,j^ jlj^j' j oA£L- ai
J ■>**) l-u^ olj*l J! 5^-aJI ,> <;lji. UjU- £^1 oii < u joU, ui
J~i u* J 5 " ol^.1 JxL^, .tfl, jo* uli J"j 0? VI • uVi) ^cju JT -u-j J C >UJ|
>*j — <J1 ou-1 o5 oU ^y !j <^>U- <iU>.Vi
^k hl^ajl)
J*
• ( ;UU ) u^ Ui S_^ ^ cjiT 6U J*j <AJ 5^1 S^UI 5^1 J J*
<*j WV<\
o** -«" j* < J"J
((
^ ji » J
J ^.-^ Je p-Gl ol -U)j «J1 Jijkll j
C
JL
U)Os«J|
—ill - C ^kll ^ ^l ^1 j,l ^y i ^i u ^3 L-/ ^ j^
r ■
.ol
(J I J*
*!
N
4
r°Y
i <j caJ^- o~~*u. i^ 615" ij < JjVi ^ju j^j viUJb ou- jjl- &f *\
V*^! oIjaSM J y^LJt U* j*)j . ,^T jjbl ^U <u! ooJl oJ 5^*J| J <*£~
*JU» ^ 0U- Jsl— oWj • f»J <i*\ 0- E 1jjM J gj« OU- ^ Jc jlf • <~-U
> ■
^~L-* ^. o.U JS aL ^ ^ j ( o^ ^ <> ) c> ^ In* 3j~ 01 ( O^ ^ )!
Jj£-L» oV—1 Jc u^ v J ' <i ~- 1 UJ^- ( oU-
+ *-
p«31i1 o^VjIj oiaU* *1 jJLuZ— ^j ( o^- ^1^* (Jc ) v-aX>l Uj • o^^ Urr* l>- a>,1 ^,
/ *j> \\\o ( o^>- alj • tj^ ) ^* ^*^J' 0^ ^ iir^ <^*^ ^^ * ^ Ai - >> ^ °^^ fc-jVJLc
ih"
* <J*t] oUI^I (^yJ <£j*j> 6j,^ L<j1 * p wan
>^ a^^. *-i»"3 L"-Uc U>^ ( 0^- ^^ ^ ) ^-a5>* -^Uj ^ 6^3^ c^ ^JjJ*^*
f
L>1 Sjl
I
ft-
1
1
rf
ill!
f
IN
!
-'$!
4
:*
ij
ft
si
■ «■(
MS
'^
f I-
Hi
1' ■
f tt
'I
I-
:"l
1
I-
s
! r:
i ■
'a
n rjr
I
"ft
^ ^.
f >l -u£!j L*L-»1 ^ J
_/*>. ^Jc -U*^ Ui ~<ai;
JL4U I >^. <_* j^j oL ^1 ^ j^ JJ^-a^J oJlft , ^ ,L^Jt
t*
/-* \\'\ ) Uc
ow*. j js>4i u. j^u^i «uc
iu <skL
( WA<\
/
\\\\)
Vvi
tl
■L*
1 jI 61
^.t 0- ij^ OLCi «^j a*^. Lit *. ^ L^Ulj U/ j^ U
4J.L-S. ^1 ^ -UjJI s^l Sj^o <^X. j ju^, Ul ^bt . .Ux;v|
i> £JJ
^J
<JV
e
**
4«ii aJUll ^u* J^u VI 4J 1 J^X. AJU JLi* -^fb jjJI
^1
4*
U41 V.^J| *iU?
«
c> -*U » c> V u^
tav,
• O^JZ <*-iUIV
J'
Ljki.
-1
^^ ' oUl J J^j us^t <ir ijl* a., o- j-« w
**
^S>JI j o
er^ 1 ^
1 1
-r
i - ^.jUiai Sjv-Vi
a,)j». e^p-1 L^--3^ o'j^.'
• JjVl <4U1 v _pJl v lic! j ^^ L^j
iUiH
• • *
y
ji yr
f >
I
I s
p ■*
H '
-*'
} t
- i
• ' ^
>
.4 '*
* v
t .
-s-
..f
\ .
*
b ta j
1 •
s r
1 ., ,
j *
+ ■
* * *
** *
f
I
h*'|
; t. 1
1 1 i
^&tJ*J-«zUt
* — JWutfl 1<&K J* ^f
.A j^tdl j^aJi ^ j#t ^^u, jm.
ft
I
* K;
i
L
if
I
4 'I
J
'-1
ft
I
I
I-
& 1.
"I
J-fl 1
h
J
^l 1
Z i
*i
I
i i
r ,
r J
■ til
!■ f
t
i:
if
r
■i ■
?■
I j
J : i " ; : ?
■- ?
j
r i
1 1
rJ
■ '- i r ii
i
■ ,i
i
i r
: ? :
i ■ i
-* ■ %
. i r
* ■ r
1
!, f
r i V
(
l
7 J
f
: i
K -
1 .
1 J
1 '
" % f
1 h 4
- -ft
liLU
I
i
- i
L
^ i
rov
*
r
b
i
o\ — J a*** j *i ji Js. $6} j#xa US : J^VI oUlUJl
J
f "
1 i
i *
jsi 6j ^ j,^\ J^ ^| ^ ( ^ J < ^jUUJl 5_^Vl ^^> Ju~* Ui jj^i
' <
Ijjli <ul*>. *
iUll <ilT J* Ukd] j^i ^ £4,^1 ^ ^ . <>UJU
■4
jwai
M
• Ji.yi\ yk
"■ ■ l
l
! j
1
■ E
_. *
9
-. i
-93,
■ 1
I -
i i
' i I.
■ -, I
Ui
i >
C/""^ J 1 ^^J •■/*»! L*^ J^ dL ^^ ^ L>^J * *J»* <> <— 1>J' J OlT L.4IC
r
► 44 ^(T
Ot L-j Jtj-Vb <L~ <liU Je J_^l <ij, J _^ Uijj • -uL^ Ji JLJJ1 Jl
U1
1 1JL*
£*j '
bo.
■-- : r- ' ! , tt
In. ? , i •
ui;
r ! ■ 1 ■= -s t|
n^
" * \
I -
I :
1"
i -
ill; -!: *
j r ; : j ; "
"■ _■
ii
:!i
r
3 I
I .
J 1 - '
a - 1
i ■ i
1 *
! - j
- ' ;
]
■ a;
I
3 .
■ ;■ : "
'ill; l.fl
i.'il!
I :
; i -
\
1 i •
■ : ■
! i ' b
- -lr J
I ^
^ ! - -:
i; i; :fr j
c
4 ,
IE
J f"
' J"
: f
3 ^ r
J ! ? . ■- :
. - ? - 1 i
; r *
i ■ =]
I-.I
4 7
? : '
4 -
i i::t '■: t
: ■' : 1
• ( \yw\ ) j .Li»j JjVi ^ju j^j ^^i ^
— -L«j iijkll cUVjli f 1jsll r ^j £ <U^4! <u^ ^_^J| ^^ ,_^, 4^u
ol i*J; ,Jj c « ^_, oUU
»
• o^lrU^o o_ ?r «aiL. l^Csej^ SjAw. #.l**il Jl c*cjy
^ « <^>Vl ^ u« e,jjSJ V ^1 ^.jL^-Vl obUUJ U-^^ ,0,'UCi ,^^u UI
** ^ - *i
1
>*-*' Lr"*>-
* lf*^i:
J
It
' — ii-^^ ^*J
oUju^l ^U- ^L L^ic ^k_
U-
aill oLi j > ^- iiwl oj UJ1 r> oUi
>^-^*j Of3
u
ti
UJ1 cJy--
<ik.
-r
ft
*W> t> ->4a*^ ^>^c ^3 A) J Jjjll <iLL« C^j, ; jj^L^J (ic
1/!j « l)U/ )) t> o>*^. .il/l
((
j^jy » J <j£
Voa
j1j TVl fl&Jl ^t oU- jlt*^ Jb J « o^J\ )) j * ( A V\t ) JjVl ^U
♦ IfrJc ULi u^C> ol jJBai* jU-U -Ws** Ut
^ coj <> l^La^j Uj> LU: IjljSi o' t> u-j^ 1 <** 7 ^"y b^ r*-*d
iJiUH olcl^U cJUUli -ULJUll iljjJt U * ^Ul ^^X^ l«Jc 1 jk^ o' 0.P
* (j^^aJ^ *^> *u*JLdl <;IS}U juLjXj Ljjw ,jlf
' ut^
»*
l^lTj
^j ( -u^/, oL-iJl ) -u>«^ U1 oljjtoj>c-a 2^=r *^ — c/^ o^>" o^^ o^
<4>.j ^ jkj c aJ* tir a^\ j*>\\ ^j i oUi J& ^xiJ j^a-^j j £ «i^j^
AJ1
• <U-« jj^tiJ ^^Xs- <OjU=>J oL^ .jplc ^.^i IflZ*
-€
ft
I
V
f
I
hi
lf -"
I
St r
!i8
ii
If I
■t"i
■v=
-3?
r ■
■L,
i
r
1
ffl-
l i^E
■
3
u
r
■ ; !
^ .T
3
t .w ■
V ^L
? 1
■is a
v' a
1-1
si r
I-
I
j I
Mi
.■ i
k |
i\
* ■ ■
\ ■
i\
y^ili. ASatj < ^1 J U.U. _ oLi Jc gsi >1 _ 6LS- J^5 <^^ jlT
OM OU- ol~L- ^ D i Uj • U^f a, js ^ j) u. J^ <j.\ ^ U J* ^xi
JUi ^uffl^i S^U- <x^ t 1j>* >>U ^Ljj«jvJ" ^^ L£ Jt ^xi oju* *_i>.ji
" fc/.J-JjV' ^ ■ '■ ■■i a ll f l*t wi^Jiil jjI^ o^t <Ub1 Jj
UJI
_y4C
■iwfe"*.
o-t^ jj ( ^A(A - 'UU ) -u>^ oUill £ e Li J* j^i i\jj **> ^jU JC>.
<>-*»-' u* ^.J**- ^ij 5 ^ -^ »^5 ot-i 4**- «iAl 00 If £ AjU-loM 4-c>.UJ\ j»i
**
<A
«^J
Ijll l._^J1 oLUJI yiu J* v> w jj <_i,' _^ jlTj , D l_,,| jjlTL.
• oLk-Jl
<^J J*1 ,> o^U-i \y\f (jiilt jJ^Vl J.L-JJ1 ,> ^4c ^Jj -*jrl_s5 cJITj
; y
: frfj i UiJj <Jj: ^j^^xll _i5
^
UjU oLjU ^L. U j_^ o^j - o"^ (f\*- - U^y J* <**
\
• eDUl C~J1 ^_y.| ^ ^AC
Y
( \AX\ - NAVA ) 0^- Lil Sj^'
A ^JW■
• ( \AU ) vV 1 J* -•-*" s j>
£
f
s
r
J
n
u-*
' j^vi
*t r
Jl lj*^i ot o*^. ^j*4t o1 < U*
u- e^^-j
-u~ ob^, ^ ir ^ . ju^ wun ^^ ^, oUl ^, ^ ^ wi
j\i iJl , J) >jj. IJlc 1^\ a <: *. -II. ■ IlLlt . - V'« •: .... - .. .
Jfl-sl-l 5 jW J ^JH) ^ 4 , v> j^, ^ VUiJb ^ jUJ) ^^^jj
J* ^^.J V-Jy <> JT JUrt ot c> V^ V~ ^ f ,J ' ^UJI .UAH <Uj J
u-*
olT
• • *
r "d
T
u**?j »Uj a*. _ic
■>U1
a*
)0^-U1 jlf p) ( \ATA- SAW ) S^
<>
J -u£l_, • jVj 01*/ ,j*J!l J ( 4>a>J
«b«*£>
u--
t *•
it
^ r* 1 *^ cr^ liUJ .ic./^J^u^V! ajjicL-j
1*
It
J_>* C*)
1
*-ir iii
j
<r
Li
• U>J, l^Jc JU; ol Lo jjl»* eUJU^j
*
J
• • •
* J-^ 1 * ^ Jr-**^. L«xx c^>*z-U» (\)
H
"i
i
nr
x
*— *jU1 y j. , , *n
>UI1j j
1 J^ftJb ^ ^LJl Ji\ JL, ^iL-^11 ^Ul Jz.1 4a)
>#-**
c^-J
UJI
1
1
j ^iLisiVl
^U Jli-1 <> ^Ub \yj^ oj^-U oUUi o^,! J-^fc il^ • J-jnib 'J^JIUJ
ojL^Jl olj^wl o^iil Ui* ^jjl r> Ulj v yVl'u5l>-1 0_yulj l^JbVj f .li^ j"
• lS^-X)! o^iJl D-^ J 'M 1 *"
Jc fli 0>J1 o-i* ^J • U^l JjUl o^l U* jy>J*}\ oljSi JiU-j
-U^\ ^U1 jjjj o»Jl JT ^.M-V 1 <> +». 0* ^Ji (J W^ IjjiT o^^ VJL- y^.1
i i * i
4
^c ^pAc
+ 4
ty^V* r JUJ\ ^ J Jx& ^ t Sj^lj S^jCi J\ lyjL*
*.fc-C->" ^
*^ **<■£>
«--w^ , U ,, .J 1
-ilA*Vl ^Klr ,jJL*j ljjljt ^- ^1 j^_ l^j ^y ^i ^-^ ^ .ullib 5^*1
-5 -*i
f
4j oLL^ii f \jj \ 3j ^ (ri i\
t»
• o^»-Vi ^> >iT J ^j^Jl i3.o^' b-i^i /.J
J
*AuM o* ^ iJ -'^' t/Jl V- L-J» jUVb 3ju,_a^jl Sje4 j\ „.u jLij\ ^L
WW
L;
j«s
^Ul 25"
*# I-
j-
^\
J_
■^1
' * ;
ii
h i
■ :■
L
, L
i t
j&\ <^J\ J^ljJl <> ^L^ 1 J.<^Us>.Vb V- 1 ^ 1 f.^jVl oo'lT ,ujj
^ d u- 3 ^ <*->J < y& U*t 4*~iM joJ oUJl -AJJ> 4*-Ui ( **jSj wi^Jl )
oL^xJl 0j fc] <^ *^Vi J\ c lkar UU oo'tf L^ ^^ ^^n JUT 01 Vt
Ldf JljJI Jl W^_^.
VI ol/J <Jbj <> j
■ , L
14
OOAi
L£*
tffc
J*4~jj ^ lj>jjhi\ fj^J\ ^Ji^j c **,juU oLxJI
<> dAii ^ ^ ^>li. Jiiii U ;L*ai c^UJJ ^^ ^>M V,b J J^- <>
♦ 6
>
ij£lL
L.
ljjji oJjb ou'ir
Jajii
Uc
i^5
l5*
**aji
oil
f£*JI c^r 1>^_ ol ^e ljoyj yJiJl ^^i UJ1 j^^,
td
.-U I
^m °^Vi jujj oi^ ,> bo£ oK i-
^
<
pi-
nt
Ola- Oi^l ol (J
-»•** « (H^! iW Ol ^ < |*^^ u-
Ul
Ji » <!y <J\ ^^ij J, < ^1 jj^i
Uull bUJ^J^U J>4 k> <iLx* aioT <uJ\ ,>_, Jj w_£j| jj, jS jj* JUT oJLT
v y 6ti> JU-^Vl jup-I £~JU1 »/i Uj • »b-* L -' J Ja>-\ ^JLH _^ic ^"sM <-JV\
• ^^./j^v
kir
L
II
*J^ ^JLM JLLiiil ^ji ^>jjA\ d\jl\ *Uc ^ ^jil fJfclT olT
J '■
J-uaAil <JjO *ljT U-"'*^' v* 4 ^ *-* u-"*i J *^ < : ^^-- A J^ *Uic ^\j»*J I J" J * juQJ
cr*-^ >*J a -*»"- j* c/ 4 ?. ls^->^ V^ ■ u * Js >* J^
♦ v.w^ ^j*^
Ajjj^* XJSU ^» j>\>
a> j* na^ / -* nvvo f j*- *^ j ju*^ (JU: .jjj
<Ji: ^V^, -0U J^ ^JJI V \>^>V1 ,> ^ Lr ^, V-— b ^.^ U^J
• t
• iJ^iL* <oLij' I4U 0^ s ^ > ^^ ^j^. J^ *^ lu . j^* J^ <J . ^ AJ, - j
JL«
?.-r- t^
1
no
J>lx Ui*»j • tijJ" A!l~o y»-L* -Ul UUj -U^„ j*J jt>^ Jl aUj * .0^1 (jAJJ
i .
I ■ ' t fa ***«
J
j*i * a*: UJ <I>^ <>> <^ tr^r^ U -k-*-^ ****
LS
jyJi>cj ^)! Lj jA>ejj
■ r '
> +
m
1 . 1 ■ * . 1 i
■ 1
t-Uij =r liTji ojt ol *> ^ ( oUJl ) W' yb£> ^UM c> c >j < P^
r
ow
r
1 jjjju • j_^i\ aj.j ju ^0*11 o'm wai iu-jVi j -ii>.
if
ill
LT^^— °^
• jJl • • ^1 AJlj <J1 ^^ MJ! ^j C a^t J JU* otf (\)
1
\
HI
r ■
iLjLCU J^LJoT
« ^ji'j» >iLij J* oLijII >T '<«» » «jt» <?Lrt£. JJ>I ' j
v Uc1 ojUi 4 ^JbJdl dto J ^j-aU e~~l>- ^jJI <J*ti" 5li> «**J * **../* J*
■ F »
^ 1
.f
1> _JU
.*
< V^JL*a1\ i^^^lc l^JLc >ij B
■ 1
^
r
**
pXf
iyj
Jl JUi J J2U.VI J* ^^ u& f 1 s >*
I
\
.J
itjw 0— *** V^-^b ^j^^ u^^' «>ri V^ 11 oli^U^ cJITj o>>=^j)
> jj^ijl *-i*L«uo -U*! \wU40J U (j :,■ j
VI V
J\j ,> ^Ikj O^v^l Ot~-*-¥' O^Jj-*" Or! jWI 6— -> ^UxJl «iUi
0^
<*A- =J* <> -«— 2"" i/Jl olf>«n e i* ji. Je *U^1 J\ c*Sj!V dJVj ^w
r
4
^VW
1 l*:'^ J ^^ *±
jOJ' V s l^ u^r^ * ti 1 ^ J
^U
Jt-5
\ L**^
• Aj-uic jLtoM ^k oocL L4J1 c**»- ^ i^U- < : ^ J teI i^LH ^a£l JLaSJ-j
^ ^4! o^-^JJ -J,Li5H jujj * ol>J1 <^ c-ilJfl ^ u obJ\ SLj ^> ^ <^Li
u^^S U&* J Hjc^. <Jc l^^tc ^y^- <ux Oi>Jl cu>c-J JU- V LH oISCa li\ J.3LJI
* (^) ^LxJ> JLLaJ i£j*-\"*j» u^Lsji)
' ^ W! ^i^ 1 <> UJ^v V U1 ^r J* ^Ul ^i* Jjx^< (^)
: S^jljl ••
C^»
Ojlj
tfJ'u
&**al\)j$ t^jUi fV^r^^ - ^J^ J^-*^
> rf
1
I \
1 -*
HA
II
I'M
J* ? V U1 ^jSly^L. o^'U 1 °-^' ^ .ioUM 10* ^j
J
L
. «
• .jlji 4* <uic jjbA\ u^«, v LJl itfrt ^ ^1 <>£) j. ^jsrfUl
*i V-jl*H ^j&J» c-k*W JUL; j < uUl f -a. ju* <jUI <,Uo» c-kui;
oj* jL^-! i^j\ii\ <*jS*)» o^u-j JU^aJI a^, ^wUI ^ ^ J'-V S ^3U
+ 1
f J-1
•uJUlt
n
VI
5^1 Jl
* V^Jl ^.UJb ^^-4* 0- vV ^ ^ <^V" ^ - -^ ! £ W1
jMji J jl
1 j ^Ul- Jl j^u\ ^ ^acj ^yJl ^k ^
J**J
>
OtriUl *L^t OiS.'Oy^ ^ J'^Jl ^j • ^u ^UJI >» 6- oL^^Ji
■ji^i olj Uli^. j <cU>Jl a i^ S^US ^ J^ ol j t>V. ^JJ^^ J^ t>-
J-5
Jl <i'^j ^ l5j>11 c> as—*- J^.J « 0*i' 5) <!^ W^- c^J O^^ 1 ^ <> ^
V\
* V.^^ ^*j»Jt <^>^ (i^ -ba>Jl jjU| jjfe LU_5 * a ^>^-^ILi
r I*!"
: '
: n -r* 1
■ 'IF
! ffi
! j
I'
1i !
j;
r
1 1
■ d ' ■ I -
I H'
31
.1
3 l^i
? ,
'&
1
i
t
1
■' 'f
1 ■»
; '■[*
1 ii
^
* if'
i«
^ r
I
I ■ h
! a
■ J 1
1; -
"a
i k '
l:f
r
1'
r
1 !
r
L
J .
_ -1
■
k cS^L.' j4) 0jCO» j^Jj, jl ^J;_ ^J Ol**-*/ <> lSJ>J« J^ 0*.
i!
I- 1
t
4
h J
M
I*
Js"
*5 *^ tj«J
V!
yUt Uj. c ^a^l y> <W!,J^oUj £ uUl
v^iil J U,^ J^] J o>j^ <^a5 ^ J; ^LJU ^
• I
J&l
I * ■
*-» »t
ilL* a! u^Otl 11*
4 '
'* 1
* ■* ■ t+ I
.r p
LT"
a-ft Jj*. jia- IJiii] oX* cJlTj JuiJt _^uUI
f UI1 v l
U4
* 4
0*0*1' J* -A^VIj «L_oJbUj
jiU U 1^*J1
o*j
^ ^i ,^s f u jijjt ,^_ w v ut i jj^ii j* ^
li 6
i
U!
tj-. ub 4_j- ^^ cjir ui v ui u\k^ s^ jr D t ^ji J* ^
• 0) *xlL-j ^. ^ ^U1 ^.i ^ U^ ^j^d! Jc i
W%
cPv. uQoiT
«>U> o'V 1j — ^4*i SjfcJl oi^J JI^JI J .^.UVoUil.JUji.^jjJl.^k'.^.^ JLilj
I 1
J
I.
-Cu^j ^
-tfj« A**1 J J>-J! t-r^i ^J • J^K*<**1\ &*£\ <^
i
■ !
t '■ \.
■ j 3-
P 9 !
1
■ ■ -1
- ^1
* ■ ■ t
. Li
■ ^ i ti
" ■ " I'
'. <_.- - n
It
' * =, ." :;
■ i V.l
_ J
1
f:
■ 1
:■
1
, i"
. I
i -
■ z
4
2 - pa
I
a
i
r
J I
j ■
* ^
' v.
T ■ " "-5
.[
: j " ji
d 'f
jt- ^^ AUiij o^j ti j' Jij*n ■fcMj*- *^^-U 4k^'
1JU
J1>_J» J P U» J.
^a^Al
v\
U- 3 aj „ a ?J' yvajJlj dUll «Ui ! 0,-uL.
E. G. Brown; The Episode of the Bap Cambridge 1891 .
Brown; Babis of Persia. Royal Geographical Sociely of London.
Vol. xxl, P. 9S1 .
4
),
F
1 4
-^H - ^AV^ ^ M d»J! J\^i\ ^jL- : jly UJ^ jji^J.! a^ JjS f j ^1 ^)
TAV - VA"\ ^ c \-\^A 5y»UJl • vjill jUII
It
vs f )
' 4
TV
0**?UI <^^ J o^- Atf cAO • <**Ud1 ^ J»Uii Jk *Utfil 4^oil1 oUuJl ;>
.■ ,
■1 ■
■
Li^U Cj^JaS) oUUri ^jU; Jl aij £>-^j • ^L*^! jl S^jliJI iuijUl <>
*f
t l
^
^ j1 ^1 j* V U1 u1 oiy J ^-^l ->K»"1 £-»- <> ^>-" ^J^'
* +
* -Ua-uAM -ullid^ *^ jLxr jlJUj >jL
ur
^ ^ifc <y <*^1 UJ jSi f b1 ^ fw ^H > JjVl s^JUil f bV» ot -i jj-lb
jvku^ _^ >■ jiVl jojjj < o^U! <> u-i^=" J* ^^Jt i>*«j
v
j*. ^u^ ^ <iimi ^u juj ^ jjuiaij jujuj* <^wji u> v
^4^
Zj 1
Soio^ ^^ Jl E lx*Jj SjW^ ob^ o\3 o>-^1 aJUJ\ eUJ J ^ C IWU • <JUlt
» - u
j *iU3 oU"j ( ^A - \V ) V U| <; jvt. JJ11 « ^WJl » <J1 JjjJ^ t> <>-
^
0*-JV+J\ ^a! o»^j» 4io- ^b cJ^c ^1 ^j j»ui r . Lib ^^ 5i4>-
^v^
\ta/ wr — N'V : vuJ'j^V Je^ 3 ^ (N)
^k Cr- ^J yUl UJI l« ^\ ^U) ^ \i\kS ^j] .UJ) ^U j.
— ,% ^ jf j| <U,'L-j J ^j • <., u»Vi
*rtjU ^ j jjUj jJj • oj^, J SjLJl .iU-j _^, J y Tji u^i j^^
V -5
VI
\ ojUl ^1 C 5UII ol^*
<4~^t Otjwu r AiJU-» i! i^jj\ <i^
iS^-x iil^Vl J aj^ji „U^ J 4^ jyvi jjJJI >y *LjJI Luy • i»l JO.
*
aU-1 ! _ Jj| ^^^ ^b -S^ jiH _ ^^ Jj] ji , UUU«
I4JI J* c^ij u^ 1 «jtUl r UV1 y> <Jij _^Uill r UV\ ** ,UJ\ c
" *
i^M. 'J*
i <J
^°J ui>Vi 0*
b • l«J <J j,. V oli^ Jf J_^,
ft
U ^'u
<i>
cr-
Ub
j <LU ^iUI colT J}j J\ jxi \ j t yy\ ^ <j Lf j, ^^j, c _ r
olkJi ^lj j^\s jc j^j ji j ij^j^ ^u, iiUjJ , ^j^ , iU , . ,
jto-ij
• * •
Herbert To Elliot: August 17, 1870. No. 15.
/
J J
Wl
iJ
■i. *
\ J
v W
■* *
.». J
1*.*
».
. ■
V
H +■'
4 t
' "J
4
4
4
■* T *■ l
... . J
-+ *
P >-
J "1
L f
4
:■■;
I
j
V
I.
K 1
V
ft
s
*+
*J
»*
: Vj«
o*w» J-* ^ jjJi £^^ r^- J
•-T
**
i
>* '
t
v!
■^
'!:.
'A
ft
I-
If
^
■ J
#
I
A
>■ 'r
r
11
. "l
:-i
.1
S
S
&
* s
■ ii
■ V.
'X
I
f a ■ !K
■ r
i
OjjMi u-j ^>*n ^i^ij ^ju
^jli £« j1 A^^ J' V-JJ ol J>* Jj-=J <> -^ J j^'VI -J jU«
JuJI. U*alT
l^J iJL^j U>. SjcJ" ;
5/ ^--o'yJl ik^ljj Ui^JV jj^ JH
? >SJVtf* ji^-; J jjkivi jJb liUj ? a^JI ^
■ it
:>Uai ^jjj' jj^ ***j** ojit o^ji 01 jt ju-tf a*)o iUi ju* co'ir Ail
Li
jUJl J>J1 ^
JJ ^JJj' J
*+
L-J!j VJ >J1 oVU^ J o^iUj* OjJjli obAii
• ^L-jiJI c-U- U lil 0^-'>^ c- <SjUfc. JJUJ5U 4^1*, S^U ^
J>-» <> J 5 " ^Ji tf—'j* u-jj OJ^' JUa>l J1 juAi oUUil JU* oolT
V
X
44
jj _ r a^
av
> jJLiJI SjUcj o*-ljU J>j ii JJ!£j ^_, Sa;- j, ^ 0- j-i ,>
J=LiJJ S^Udl oW^vl ^ Uo^j j^xj' V j* ^ 3 J\ ^Jl\ £j,JA\ j: ^\
• ola-JUil J JUJbj ^^1 ^]j ^ji j ^ u ^ ^ ^_j b U)l
. I
I *■
' 2 -
-t
*v
T
VV\
( ^.j— «11 gJ>Jl ^ - ^ e> ^xi <>j - idUJtf* ^jli <3!Ac <*-ljj £* Sj-. ^k JS"
( <JLJUJ1 4jjoM ) o<
■,OjJjU SjUu
v*
» jiJl «sU*Jl Jj_y JJ ^SjJI oLA JU £^i *>Uc\ »l>j
I
-Jl Ji>»
*■
JUuUl f U= ^U
Wollseley
Jjlj^jlo^-iJU-
IT
*
+4
i oj& lS-^ oijll- j Ji«lJ JU-A-J'«j>i cUi oU) f^» -0' Jjlj ^TJ
Ui*> _^-J a^, £>dU- VJ* <^^i j>-w» vo-lu* ^ a^> aJj^uJ^ ^Ljll^JI otjIU
V
* ^UU \-3*J ys^
il
1
4
fen
i
- : 1
■ I
Vl/*** J^
e^ u^. t 1 ^
L
- ' J U I
tt
Zy&tA ) U*j • cLi ol»j » JB-f (> ^*1 <UO] ^h,
C^ (J^ * V.^"?. 1 ^j^-"*
.1 Wl VI 6Lx^o-Uif J! Sji ^ je
tfl ^ ^j • oLi Jc gai Sjji ^ ^ ^ ciU j JjLa ^ j jyiV ^ oLi ^^
«.! oigii jc jkyi i j^ ^jik^ v^ij oluj iju* cJir iju
^■j
♦ y-jiji vu «> juar j, _ku osj-^b c-jji v-^ «> v l*i*
i
It
{ Jh~ j*<±A
JJ1 <U*J| Jj-j ,LM ej^
^TU-.iiii U^ o*J < oL-l> 0- ^jU ^j^L>Jx jjl*. - *,Ul IJU
cSi A
L*>
' wf*
• j^l J u^'^ 1 ^1 ^\ J— * ut o^i 0l£* ^1 ^j
VU»jJ' e 11 —^ 1 ^^. J V^Vl <^jUJ1 oUiUI J^ L oUG-^ -uir ^JiT
1 1
F
- r
T
TV*
A
ijsit ^ <> ^y 5 oUjj jt cUxii ^ oUUjvi j-^y of *y ( V^^ ) -^
T
^Uw^JIj^x^II oxUw» ywii^ i)iJLu>- J*~& 0^ (5^'j c V^H^t" <*3 ^il V JJL4J I
a. — j» ^yj>y **&:¥> 0^~ ij* \£M* *+4-» oilf U.i^jj *' ( J!*jA\ ) al>1 j-u>- j
W J^ V Ub1 J <C^ ^joiiX ysiUl ^^Lll >£JI of y> ^■.T.VJt ^>
, L
s ( ^-43 ) jt ( f I*** ) J' ( t> ) 5 ji>r ,> J>-fl»JI (JjOL. oV^U* jsljj <> ■V-j"
►Ui <Jb £t£9
*u**iL
iaj«>U*^ jji£ ^j J^flL* pc«*bj
u^ o>^ jlW U j
_,y jl xj» ^UwjJt ^.AiJ! ojU& ^>i~.1 »>*itfJ Sa*UU Ai* c-JlTj • NA*N
\4jaAc o\ ,3*
^1 OO^VI 0\JU>U> J— i L> ^'^ f-^* U**» J
» ■* w
^
vv\
' ls^ 1 ^W^' 6-UfcUl!
*f
V
X
r
t
<iUi ulXi . /ill ^U. ^"^,Ul <> j] Jc j, audi Jt-rj ( U- V ) jU J
<M9l> '
f-tf. ■**> ^Ji *bfc <>^ A wj*\ 0-rf vjlSs» cJ*>. ^1 j^J^ji
t^"
oU' <r ^ UxJ! ^ d ^J v-> °^ oj^k oj^j ojtj^u. <j uir jan
. ( \A*o- \A-t ) JU~* i).^u41 jjuJI L^jjjui-
4*— ->M ^_£*J| ok*\ L-uc^^Jl ^^4| jc <^^| ^L^ll c
h
- ^^ -iJU; y-L-t Jc e i_^j, ^ ^i^u Li,^, ol> j ^ Jj J;J ^
« V-jW1 olkUll ^ iiu *j,u. ^ Jiji 3JL3. ( N A . o ) U^j ^ ^li
ijli^ oUJI ^ j j, ei _^. ojlj ( u . n ^ } M Jaiibert o ^^ ^ ^
*A*l*^
L
^b C*i^J
* eUi w
fj '
v*
t> oLx) jn! | ' k ^i o jj
■-^^aJ
♦•
sj f c^b- jO- JJ jl , A . V ^L i . j ^ b - l^^ ., ^^
^J-4^
))
iu*U. ol^ ^ j 0j j iU ^ , jJL-4 ,
<^
(j-" cr*^ 5
1 ^uJ
^i 6%. ^1 ^LaJt dUi L^^ ^j ^ u . v Tilgit c _ b . ^ ^^ 0|
VA
aJ_joJ1j iJl *juM SJj4Jl ^U*^ ^c g*>*jxJJ L.
s*+>
JJ a >
L*
-muJ^oII jjt*^^-°V^
* ^
* ^.jc^Ll&J aju&L*-*
6j
tJ1 j..
i oj^^' j>^^v( J* jc-^! 4a • C) i*~oun
L ,
urf c'^'
Jf \-*JjJ rj^l iS^ fLw*>Jl tjLjkuA
*ik
,A^3
JJix*-1 i)L^j Gardanne o^-A>- J\^**n JH Z^yl] <1*J1 oi* ooi^l
lyjl 1JU ^Ifj >* ^JJ^' Ca*w^Jj- * ^^«J t^wAi^fljriJt^ cJ*-A.'C-'' tjJ -jU J>-t ^
iUvjUsuVi <j o^s-^v* 1 ' W* a * JU . ) . ^ u^h '^.y^y^y v
4 -
■ ^ r
• ^Jiixdl j o^JV4**-iVjJI <y> Lu'Usu^ S^S cJiT' U-Uj oLJJl £^ jJW!
*!• ^ , ■ .
J ■
UJ\ 44*7 IS 4 W-^Vb Jlj^Vb ^L>^i oLi J»JUU <JW1 <^ J^» J JrJ^JVt
j^^Jji ^_^>-^ ^1 j> #jib >4^. (_y ^iVi
3 aj^J] 4-*yi- ^y: 6j^L^ U\4>-) 0^^. W^ ^-^l ^ a JJ *- ) ^ *u**^JL» L»^
H. J. Brydges
jj
IS. J ] *
\
\j o-ul '<»j£o- ^c ojjjL^ <JUJ1j ^I^CIU J
• JJL4M <^^o- t-s^^ >^ * 1> "'
J\y V oJlT <^^ <tj>^ w»^ OiP J 0^.
<j-1 (Jl l^j£ ^l^—
,li
^
r Ci 4J1 Jli ^- 4J y
jl^ Ol oJL-tf>
a ■■
*>-*u 4,^ 5j*ik- j \a'-a <~j j JVJ jr^jjflU-L^
+
p ■ j i ■
■JiU- OJ
^ <o
<Jkr
"j*
Brydges
j>* -^jv jU<tAj
s"
J*a*Y ii^
i
-U41
li-J? ^J ofl j"
/
^ oj>." UiL^ ajJ.LJj^ ^ l^k J^^H t j," 6 ULJI tf ^Llli -*> ^
J**
'• C*
>j^>Axi \A^ joU
<*» > *Ut cA
1 ^Ar^ jbT u-jU \Y. j ^u-j^j .so*Lw ~uc
1 +
LT* U""J
Li
./
^ jjjlb S^ iV c L«ji ^=UI gLi,| '\ A .\ So*U,' J jjj U ^lj
<ijk~* oiL««j 54*141 O**-, Uj ji -l^ ^^ sa*U, , <p J L > , • ^ , .
1
l*-Jli»1j u-jU <jrf V"*.* ^^ob < VUV *tyljll J V^.^J' ol»SD
>* ( V^.^ll ) -u*11 oLw'Uil ^*-U lil U , U+Ui VJ P-
fr*
O
s»Uj».1 J,
It
■il
■
_ p
T 1
I
i
<>^.VSjLJ ojju-l j .f ^^iJI
J
r
_ <J\l»jJ] Jo*L4l c^ij ljj^-lj • ( NA\t) j oUJI ^ j>^^ 3,-^ ^LijU
r
j
T
V
1
VAY
F
r
F
L
J> i$l ^ J J*~< j» L--T Jjj gjJLJ aj^^- c*i oj& ^1 JJL-^M ^^r
- .■ 1 ■
*T
+ ■-
a>uJ1 ^1 ojjj UUj <**U;> l*it>-oJU*Ull <**Jt oj4^ idLUl o^Utj
u *"
} 1
. v
\A^ ^— -*ia*4*d1 ojl*UU U^y t/» oUjxJVl J\ >jj ^U>1J\ Sjlilj
■ 1
UUy _<Ul Y * • £JUj i>^ jo J* pjuj SjxU«l\ cJlf ■ Yil o'j»V 1-jU* j>
F
yOjAXj (j^wljjjl J*L^> ^JLbjZ) ^"ljiVI 'La^J&dJ C
u*ri
ol
• ■ •*
T
!
1 I
1 \
i I
1 -
lUUw
ij U^ V^
— >■ c-is u bi *;i ju <u-uij ifiai o^m ^j
. oUiiMj olj^tj \j,y~i\ jiLJb
* jj-^^li *U-**L^s»
NAH
jjUi. J ^^lj-oUi^uJi j \^u ;a»u. ^
tr*
t «
cr-jU
^ o:>Vl ^ cJir dJuij jw\ ^.uji j^ j ., u
• • •
s v
VA*
4 -
Y
?
-u^u^Ji i^l ) AjjaJI j^l ^jVl ellr J^U- V-^' Vo^l oU^UI U
AGUISH a1>U1 v^j* (( jUli j*>w Ul '
»"r^c
w*
J
o1 d*Jb" J u*oU $1 ULw (JLu, ulT'JS^ 01
*■ <?bClu^ : (JM^-**j V~"->^*
Sa^Lw -U£ J I WAY J fa"\ <' L^jij l*u»-j j^z-^ff ol ju* S^ iJU^ "-ulc ^jj
t ^jUl -L-**-XM M>t *>X^' ^ cr*"*" 4 ! ^^ ^'^ 'uij^ Cf^J 3 ** S* Uj
■ L
«
<1U»^\**J|
II
u
* 4^*-^ <L*-1j ^ ^ jl>-j .i^Ul J UUJ1 JUJU *Uj>*s> Ul ^jiJI ^1 Jju
4>-1 jd\ ^JJu ij& L ji>^ j lj U-w-l>- \ZjAJ -Uj^ Ul Jjji* ^J Jail (^j Ojb ii^^J^
Jp^ -vi o^ ob O^j' ^ u'> t ^' (^ ' A ^^ W^J ^L-Ji ^> will , ?,-^' iXj: W^
* j
L
-<^O^J
iVl u^
&■
VAo
|^>Jb ^JLk* a^-V ULj Mk) ^^^ij i u^, Ut 3JV5C- ,> jUaz»VI 1-U ^
J*^. Ot J 1**-^ l^j < <li^41
^JUVl J «uC> oJ^y j £^p*j • (
w>./
n ■
«>*Jlj o^^^it J1 <--*iL- jjiui ^j < oL-\/. J >^ ■**> o»lj)l £j^ Je
V^j" ^j£*Ji oii jo' -a* 3^U- ^^iH ^ f lio'>U <JUI ^j-\f 4+jfc. L«;j^V
>^v
>J>
\j jjUl* w^ji ^/u j-xi >j" ^jj ^^ _^j w<n j^
j L^jJ^ O^t^^ 1 J^^J i)^ 1 <i****Jl £bUJl 4> viMj >i ^J jfbj ( -UJJJ ).
jaIjH U — * P ljj ^Sj cJlT ^xJi jyuiljVl JT o-u c**jj Morgan o
^
li-^j
■•■ { WM *U^).
cc-iy iJliJl ^jilf 61 V\ < JUH ^Jl J Af^dl ^yj -u^o Ui *u^j>
^bV^u^N
i
oUjyl 1-L* JU37 — l^^LIi- — Paid J^j JL-l
M
u& (J J
• *
0) ^J- J (
Ull ) jl**. Lit «jj*1 jJUl Jjfll ijAJl villi 0^
H " fa
^r jj=t o
U— Gurgin Ct/jjt <=o'V a -j*» tfLJJ
Ls ^' L V J* h ]j --^^ ' ^'A* * j >Ui 6a> L 1Jl*j ^-jyi'YUI U-jj>- ^j*1
1
1 p
^ iJUL- ^ J .J ' uLly^ u-jjl j-U ul -u» VI Vwr >J1 ^ J ^j't "( J^rjir)
L
h i
U*J jbil (V) -■■'■ u
f <j.SL-VI ^ «*£ll
Vo f )
YA~
oilf &il\ c^J\ J U\Y oU^JS" S.uU» juc Jl ^>J1 jbu-ilj • u-JUl t _ r t »- J
' iS«*Q.1 a.*l»>Sj> j> ^Ur -ui
*#
jdl
\
" ^.Ji 5 J**. J J>~"1 y-jUJ 0>& VI
V
• oi^ *>^ J 0>« u-"^ W-""->-> •*>L>-j o1
r
4^-jli ? Jji 6- 4^-^^ * V-<6Li)1 (_^bV1 t> <*— Uill 0UU4! <jUs _ ^j^ll
<3
\ \ 4j"1 jl dUr ^ >i5u J^Jiil Jojj^j J^i>- ^yU Jj*it>Jt «^.
?cotr
^ U--JJ ^-MaXl ^-JS J\zX\
un
a\ ,s\r jlu
<y Sjj*. dlr 61 Jb \j>*** 6 lj>. ^L* a*«n
jj 4 u»U V.3->^ ^ u^-1 ^^ i«A>**»- ^
\ ju cm - w o^ v^i ^U 4 *^"V>>JI
r-J u*y ^' J* ^J* ^^ ' oUUrVt oJU ^i^*x oolf V^jJ' 1 V*£*J' O 1 J-V„
^LJ^. NANA j ^jj\ ^. ol olO • oUJb ol^l Jlj < ^>1 <^ J* u*.>H
^ajji £* ^a>. Ji ^> <^i *uxn ji
Yarmoloff wi^J^>jb J\^^>J1 <^Uy
: ;a,a^ U^j Ulk* cJ^t ^ J UuL. c ^'UJUH o^^^^J^ -*^
»* >
j-tjl jUlja-l ^x jj^lb, <w.jjll ol.£ll. c U~J1
N
f**^-"
i-Jj (
Ul )
UUl o^j ^Recht o-Aj j V-Jj iJlTj »Uij|
■ ^0-*
Y
VAV
* u-oun .^jj ^jj Orfj^ <^
r
*-»\jj> °*AJ*A>- Sjliw d^J aL-SJi »^ **>Uj JV
-oy^tj ^jVi o>u*1 ^ . ^^» 4f^xcl v Uc! J.
jUJj ,^^1 c^.> ul <>j41 V-Jj 51 °'^ iJI ^ r 1 o°J < V?.-?^ 1 UyLiU*
> NAY 1 ! J>J .***r- * n J j *^ J f Shamkar j\SU^ 5fj« j oj~Jw
>->
J
u Jij^ u^ u-^j" uf^ 1 f*** 7 -* * 0>* o" 1 -^ 5 ^ '^
• ^'U-^Ji otiaLJ]j ^-^1 0^! ^jVl JLcUa? V*r^ ^A-**- C^lT Sjl*U11 aa
^".H^^ O 1 *^ i>^
'J J tfJ^ cJjLj ( \AVA ) .iU- O 1 ^/ S -**U» j
4*
J
jj ( *~J/^ ^ * ) ol-/ 0f>
*-•
^- CU*i.3j C J 1x^09*) V
X o o oULallj objl/1 > vJl^JI jiu*jj i J^LSH 0*^' i> l> s >^
■*
*
./--U
^J31 JjOll ^ SljU4l jOi Jk ^jlJ <J cJtf lA$£ Sj^Uil oi* 04>1 Ail
l
«-J |h1 ^l* < ^r 531 J-5- 01 t 1 ^ 1 -^ V^ 1 ^1 cu^-^lj * l5>V1
■%».
* * *
r
J .
4 *
VJ
i
4
■-.J
.<
F *" *1
F.
4 ,
' 4
**
r»,
P r
I ' -'
•. .
- h
I fc
■"ff
Vr ■•*
V'v
* n
i ' T
■' L
- t
" * J '
1 *
ri h
■ X
-^ *
¥ ■■
4JL~o£*Jl i
JM\ oUjVl
j& £*431 ujiH JM>
Ptr
"■ 1
Jlj-^llj 0>e'Ui-)l U^J vjM obU ^ iU JljJl
\
\j~J\
L^&j ©OjAc *->jj>^\ oj'LO 5^1 31 U o^l^' ^ *-k~Jb -juaJI D^^
^ijjlj oU**> giUi ^JJi 3^11 ^1 oULUU WW - W* i altf* J\j _ L*l»
■ *
^.^ "j
^ oU»UU oJlT, • oli-ojf J ttLoM olj^J J V^ 1 <iJj01 .jJU&Jl ^J'
js«i V Wji u^-J «>/ ol>* cJlf LT < U^, ^01 ^^\ cjaj. jj ^jOJI
u
__~1 S^J1j Jloi. 1 Jl U* • <^ai <-^.1 obl> JljJt ^Ai oljib
JJIy J Ji^Jl Jl jUxJI >UoJ 3,4^1 _ ol^.Vl V.JJjVl SjUxJJ ;>/ Ul_^ f l
nv
Vi^ 1 a^^Ldl <> <K ,41 *JU ij^ ^ ju _^
a*
L-V! ^ ^T j cJlf ^1 ^U*l» VU1 a JL* t jc . ^u^
U .*!*,** «jJ JLuJ
■jOl <Kjm ,> S->>^ Jil co
•*UVO*! f-y—- JU 0,4,7
JjLih'J^i) o^Ji J^ jjA) j u J ^ J1 ^ , ., v , ^ J] ^
Jjj.^
ijT
* •
^- Of Jl villi ,ljj ^ ^y <jijiVl <-L~JU
^Hjll ^.iji ^ J fl ^| ^4^1 s^j < _ J ^LJU 1&*. o»*— t ^ r l4lwV<
=j ^i«L&)iuir_.i
Ui/J!
j-( \A\V_\AN« mil^o^ Jj
<U>1
tt
!'U"
A*
* 4"J J > >-^ -^ <> W ( UM U^u^ Jiij ) u coir Ljjl _^
-U
«
-uaxJ jl^l o \SJLi
j^j £* ^U S.uU* jJLc olkLJl V i)^;Vl JL:
lLiM C^ ] <& <^M1 Cx>. ^ -iWi 61 £lku*l iSjJ~Vl jOLJI ^
bJl
^J J* ij4i J*WiU cJlf ji&*
*#
( \a*n ) ^/ ttjir l -^j oL-jji
r
JL.T
luJ
+ ■ *
■ ■' »
k3i jjjj4^ J* S >--J1 V <Jf o1j*J! jp J^?.^ i> ^ ^' *-i^ ^ "^^
' *
4#
UJ»>9
<J!^J1 ^jo>J1 ij* \j^u^ V v,l tilj*Ac oUcJVlilU* oU-u-o colT
J
j • ^UiJl ^ijUll ^j J J-SljJI cobjl jJUIl AiJ
• vuvij v^-Ji ^ijVi ^ <i*4i >jH jjuii yjLa--( ^
• <«oSH oLa«W G U>. 41.U. <l*Li* ( j )
1
• c^M JjJj i^i iixui ( ^ )
J1J
i oUjUl eU; jU, oUJlj JUH V LM ^ oUjUll ojb j*j| eUi Jk
jV cjit, ob.u o—^ii -v o- ^ i*-^-t- coir ^ ji^vi & \j>\ jjll/
jt,y >_iVT 5
J*
-^x
cjit if,-]
4 1
u-
O^-
dJ>
• o^-H ^U1 jLbil ^j ^y, ^ jfl ^. j. jjjlsiv jt U1 ^ j^.-
*1 L-b a^j Lib *u1 -uc (jLT
c*jL5"j O^ji* 0-° L)U- Uij-4 Ui> 01 tv=
*1 j ^,, ^ ^1 Lib ^b Jy 1 ^j • ^l^vi ^ .^ J^- J^ui <>
')bb
^J^>V)
HL.
«uii=i- ,> SUUC
i*/
- J / J^'jiVDi^LJI
^AVN _ UW^jl-U; Jl_>(\)
UY < N«
^^r (V)
nt
#-*
r
i js.\j <^\j>y\ <z*\j*l\ ^5^4) J ^ ^Aii o,,.a>J1 J^UJl j* \l&j C) rj~>Ja*JL~l
♦ <uLiJ1 tljj)\ jl* l^tty o^ J ^Jj *^* o^> <o
\
■ J ■
J\ ^ ^U>,^ ^ ^ij J* jMyH f U)\ jJUHj jU*J\ ^TUil Yarmoloff
■ _ r ■ ■ x
oL— i>j au^i J-'VU*' u^bVi Jt * i^ <^jji\ oI^sji jew u ^a*ji
\
jjl <i*Jl cobj pj-u. J c— aij oU_^41 »JL* JT ^ j
s~Jj»
a-l
'1
* u*'UW -^1 J W^ g lf ^ji\ i^U J ^>d\ ^ oU^t
^IjJJ J LiUI JJl^j-^^L^JIj ^^S^uJl JaA^iJb o^-^^y J* S J k,^J\ J^ eAJj
Hoskins, British Routes to India. London 1926.
^j Uuxc ^J j^bj Hurewitz, op. cit, Vol. I. J o^-J^ 6-utL^
4 . 44
(X)
l;
<0 «.^!SJ
J
5oi"\
Sykes; A History of Persia. London 1951, Vol. 11, P. 318, SIB.
Ibid. (T)
*aiAJ» c^A^k- tf
J£ dU-Uj i <^Ju *jb J*>U,J^b <J\j>y\ £Aj*\p*d*uZ\
r
IT
^1 - <>*>. <kJ* j\ U-u^ijf^^j ^/ ^ Jj^\j ij^y^j vib.U-£Ji ^bjx^j
■ . ijb j\ ^i ^ - L/bui j >~
wiVT 5^vi*J \±fr oJlAs l^\j0>\^ti\ <AJ^J JJ^oJ*^ 4>*ju**o u'
i t
,^~
yio- ju-j
jjbl
<$.>
i-1 5^* u>ux^li J-u^j jl£> ^
: 0) CaUj o^J\ V'ji'ij*"
'.
» r.
Wlu t>J 5 -(h^ ^"-^ £■* '"^V" V*H' a*jH. o' ^jb Jk^y ^^^1 \jSj*j
i
U^yci o' obuku^.) L« 5j j41 <^4!j <^lkJl ^^^ ^ - ^>« ^Lc -t^-lj _
UH ^Vjl > obV^H ^3^ o^ ^i Vj * ^^ /Uju <^b; <T
^
L^
b
r
M • : <jJULJI ^.jU : ^Tj j^.1 ju^, . ( \)
\
Sep
SF-
IS
m
j,
r»
juf yAjj*. ^Jiy, ,M.ul Jl U^_ IJ^j i <jL»iJ| iJjAll-^Jr
jii? ^jj <^i oW" Lil yA^I ^ku- J ^L* ^.Jj ,j^ je _^
LiJ
1 1
«>--**J' J U-jJI -^ ^yJl 1+-U ,>dl jjUl JiU ^j ,11. ,/
u-°
41
JVjt
i
J*
• 1
A>Ji ol^ill aJL* ] j\Jcu*>
£^U!l Ojji}
f+
i ^
ij*
^UJI o^Ub Vlti Jy JU-a«-». J* oA-i.cr-^*" ^ Ui 0) <o.Ui4
1-Ui'
1* V
U>-j
#4
<**iAlb ijjv rr-Ui:
* **
I
'A!
u
' 1
V./-M *UJi ^U- lil U <^LkiJ\ jve ol vil! Wi.^-LL.
>J3lC)UL-.Jj-o^Ul^
b* 11 .j-O^i e** • VU oU-Jl r^^ <i*iJ
31
^
>
4»J!
JI^JI of jffc Ijj^-a? i^X— M jUi; 5^ (( Heude jj* » i5j*WVt
h *
it ji^ji sy'ob u» ; Uvb d^-uji o^Ji o- *w Jji ai* ;udr,
• ^Liji <jtun 0(^.1311 <>.j j
c> ^ u& <J ^L;JLS3l 4J\
i - '*
•4
1**/ jjv*1 1<J 4^v-l ^» V> *H ,,0* i
o
UL;
4 4ri
t oj> ^1 ^ oLJl <0* ol «iU Vj • JL.^1
c
\jJ1 Silj^UiJI ^^.Ic^
w
^
++
j=ib j v^jUj\ 01^311 cA^Sj jjdi i o-Jij-Jb o^'j:V» oe. :UiU} ' ;
jJU^ i'U. UIa^j iu^^iJl A**il1 1^>J oUik LjJU^o oiiiJ o»^»>. U^^ixJ
A. Wilson; Persia. London 1929. P. 321.
Fraser; Narrative of a Journey in Korassan. PP. 211, 225-227;
Wilson, Persian Gulf. P. 321; Heude; op. cit. P. 186.
(\)
nv
^jUtf _iU*1 J-aull io^J cJtfj i ^.j jjJUiVl J^iUl 5j1 j*LJjb ^JL-slV
I -H
iUit J) j ijh gjl
<r
- ; ■ ■■ - ' ' ■ . ■ . -
k m '
\j.
#*
UiJIj iw-jliH ^fljJ&\ (>».
iiio iU ) <*3
,3»-U->
j _ Lib ^b a ^ j* v^wt oi>a
0^ u***" JU*]' V&n o\jilb ^>J1 j-U^ ^ o-Uj/uI utfcUJt ,> ojb" ^iki:
F*
1 ■
1 ri
> . I
• T
" " , n ■ , j : - . , -J
i ™ F
JUz» <JL1*J^ *J>U! ol>*b ^ *jjc Jt o^'j < .^ ■**>. ***■* <i^~ ^>
^jF"
t'
t J
I
I *
! I 1
C) .stai; 'J^jl ii^ll r JU» ul Ub J* -U*^ Jlc }>jc oLW^Jl u! ^W^ v^'j
-Lol>eJj ( T ) *J_j.H cjjJ ^jI>b-^> j-L: ^.«*>e^ ^UaLo.n
ijr 1^1 <y ^l v U-'V! ^44
h i
«->R-A (J
I
+ *■
♦ ^ \ VtA uL*^ N o ^j tJ L, ^UxVl j-i^aJl J\ Lib ^ a**^.
f
14
* i
'f
• ^UiJ! lkLJU a.^-^ 1 ^ )jjr^— J s Vjl\ ^i.U^.1 J ^U$^J< !J^
' ! f
I
" I
, F
- V«\A
"*t
i . -
J*
L
V'JlXr cJl£ / lav <l> ^_, j\_^\ ^ oil^l^V J.^ oU ^jC^ji
rl 1
- j>jb cifL, <«4^ <ui£ jt'idLij Jc plkLJI ok
JS Jb'4*^ otfj
: r+*\j>\ -u>v ^ 4^^. yur j pi> U-j i.u j«Jij
* *
i »
■i
F ■
* fc ■
^U-1»J1
<otr jil tf U <u1 j£
"♦
L»
J jl <^J! o^* tf*^ 1 ' i*
™ 1
* j
I
*>. J-*
r
-I Lx>\ &j»s Jl SjLlJ^ <^->\? s^uw, \jL±azj o*
^1 <ulc j\£i <JLc .ju*-* ft.! ^.^ v^ C^. J -£r^ - V^ C 5 -^ ^ O^j
6^-5
M
• uULUl j IJUJI ^JjJJt Jb jib* ^Uic Ub (N)
• dU ,>^ jj^U! <o_4) Jiib« ^11 Jc ju*« 0" ^TY ^^ Jj^' c^.^ N
x -\ a
I
r*
t \iM
j _,_«£ 4j'V ^yH <] Uyjo -xi jd\ olj^l^il ,> vi^l ^SLxJI cojr
• ( s ) J
**
—^ J-\ < ^JLjLrH
V
'1
"fr
1
,/kdl jjk « ^ j^>l» )) J^c ^ai> <J1
*- Jb
Lib a.^*^,I <Uib
• *
1
: J^i JitVl >uJJ yxf eU-U^ l^U ai^ ^
$
\*ZL» Qj& oj^f jfl~*C *-» iUUi <$:>- ^11 ^jj^Uj <Ji jL^I ji^ .j\ ' *
))
f3U *-**.
**
1 S^OVl oju^ liU * ^'^j fUsty *jSj ;>UL> <il
.^hu^i
A*J
iuJI j S>iT oU^ij jfL***: yUJJIj VjUl1_iuJ^ oij» J *4o*^ oLm$Uj jL*uS\
• ( v ) ^^ii* 1,>Y\ iuJI J y^jl ^'li 'Lj)j]
j:Wi -uj> ^>^>- j Lib jijb .sUju»I ^ yj 3 -^ *>>\& l^ ^ ^*-*^ <iL*u>i U£*j
M
■ j
_^-?J
fc-T*^
Ut jJWjJ^ (\)
J.V-
11 A^J-ll JiiL
oi; ^^ J\ ^L: a c ^ ^ • \ TtV JjVl &J
j •
• NVYAo
\ o jti.;L^» AA ^1 Vo <L>^ i j j ^ i \r jL>* I i^jUl jJL'jJI (T)
* (J^Vl jJ.^1 Jl Lib JL: u*^ ^
^«e
\XTAo
£
♦ *
W^ y^ jd\ *WM c**V3j ^MjjVI cr^i u*i o-ii; i-J^l VA/" 1 * J <«^-mL>J1
1 T
, r
1 I
I '
i
■
■
i
• ( \A\V ) JjYl (>j^jl S4*L* jOc-J^ oLijUU oalj C <JUU^ ju^jW!
,J ^vXJjJDl ^J-j-l J^-Oj (>JjO.J \"\X^ <~-" »A*U» -JLTUi 54*141 oi* ^^iiJij"
* ^joll ^ r *U:' ^^^ ^IJj ^
VJUv ^ oj^ S^bull (*>^jH jt^^J'j j^sd' t>. -^-3?. o' <Jfi 5 -^Ul c-^J j
Ao jbjtL^ V^ ^1 Vc ^i^ i J* j 'L^ i.)X jj>* :.<***j\xl\ jSttjM (N)
Ff&,
^ ^4m>
i'S
• \4~J6 <UUl ( ^' L * ijJl J^ 1 o\j>_\ J-Lu
* 4 _L* ij^JtUll
*^U1 j o*^j jii Vj *Jl <0* Jt ^1 U j*^ L, ^UuJI JUal tf U_,
t*
*1>^. 0*
Ijb ojjj^ _, 1 ( i^,!^Jl c* ) Jii»ux)l c
X ^ Jjsll v Vi ^ J* j\jy\ ^1 j_^ <i> ;u*Ut cJu' ^lOT
j>. o
4
it
Vl
•n
J ] ^Jj
,*JK
*l
t t
4*"
L-*>J1 ^y: oUm«v
Ui^ ^U J,^ ^^ j o^jj c a,^ Pu jl. Sa*U! J» oU J
<»«-X
" •
'<LJi <J>>^ • Jii
M^J- 1
I ^ ja-j i)L. <J3UI 4^, ^jljj, iL ^ v>U!j L ^ l ^ j J> ^,
■ J yi-*" J^J J
*4
• ^^ L V r^ ^i-^j oi^i 0^ ou^juii cJir (\>
HV Tt • : ,ljjjjl Ai.*. _ u jjU r Ll
i)i - n )
ULL.
i-y
V\ ^jjU .L*i Jt (M • VjJU ->>^> V^" s - l * u * r^ 1 '•**'■ °** ; -'
. .j*J1 jux U* ,- jfcl i>»~ll iUi* <k> ^Jj ^U >j »^* J 5 " -W
**
LjXU
-uxj LtrU
**
44
JL-C
(V-juui v u.>- ^u
cJ J1 dU2> J Oj^j'j s j*» ->J*k ,J e* 7 ^^
^]^i jun v ui ^ ^ U1 v^" J 1 cyUV J^» ^
,a^j
JU»J>
<K_— *tf
.J^dJ
•H , j <u, ojb j^\ V- 1 ^-" olfcUU J^
1 U iS-jjiJ
Lib J»jb , J W*» lA^'l
■***»_ <> ° U -> J*
^ ->V\
;ir
»•
f*
■ _^Ull 0- tf J ^^ «*~~. ^^ ^ f U J " ^^
J-U-*
jir j. c s^ij^i — —£J
Je. 4JU1.J1 "*1 -»■*>! J**" ^ V
iLwUJ^ t i \ i^
j^
■^.
*— ' 5* _>^ L^JL^Jl>»J
I4J cJjjJ oUjjU-* * (
eL^j -k wiJU^\ o^j'^J ^-r^ J^. ° :>lS: -- il ^
<^A
T^x^n^ ^ ^
O^ 4SP-
->r c^*
^b-(\)
i-X-
J^
**
<>
*4
1
lM \y JV'Jj^^l oj^ ijjj^-yAiy otJbLJU blj ^S j; '^j
: ^ *■** J 1 c^ji ^ C^J^ ari
*• *•
*■
OjU? pU
-. ft
* ^./jl' ^j^Jl <-U«
nf
*\
V
f^
»
3 J
• illJi* A^Jlj Wll ^ <^ill ^jVl J**
H
j
L
(-^u-0 ] 5*s«*J J. tX>
L^ L^ Ub yiijjjj Lib o^j^ * J* dJi a* .io- . <$JU | ^ 1JL*
~-Ijj J Ulj i iJLiJI <]joJ1j t_,,l ^ uiui'
V-UJIj <>>Ulj -ijUriVVj 5-JI «*)
r
t
u*?*- (v 9 J 1 ^ <U~»j
^JbUl ila^lj o^iUl Jj-i i^- ^> j>U«j D U^o /
4 V
*XLa
^j^ 0* vj- J fA-yi ^ {■ jjsr of LJ ^J a ]
•.IT. *
a *j
b
#4
i*
-w
£ 1
■^ ^^ Ori-j»»l» «> JS" :U**»J-»L5J1 U^i ijj^ V >j ,ULi ^
y
6\j& <^i <«i j3 ub ^jjy .j,jti ^ar j,^ 4>u^u-
ur
t«
j-i-(N)
• <JI>J| Vl^yi J^Aidl <L<Lil_,
I
r .^-*j
.-^^l 1 - ^ Vlk ; t . yi -,^i- r . i \ V .. r ^ t ft:i' i ^/-W <.*?>£$& X<*.?« ■'*
i-c
r"
• \M\ Jr >^<s^
If
j
U-
a
U ,»j i ,*.4^ Jtj WJu: Jjs -b 0l^-^_r c vr^ ^^J y ^ an ■*
**
jJ>u jrj -j
4<
\kL
-Jt
44
^^
Uj 0^ VI <^ ulT Ui <J j-iJl JU^» J) ^' (JU-y Sj^xJi j oloij J iJUUl
. \ 4i ^ jUaJb u^^ 1 oxUiU f V j*. vj^" >
Morfill; Ttie Story of Russia, 1930, pp. 2&6— 287
■Hurewitz: op, cit, Vol. I.
(M
J u-j^
; i^j^\A\ J&'\ (X)
■i
•i
■I
I .
I-
«jjUsH V'^i^r 1 ^ oU^uil <_«*1 ,> ola—. je «k^ <uie oJtf U \Jiij
£
JIT
Uj i> <*~*-ui-iH £x?X\ t>V )>■ <,UJU U^ 1^1 ^yVl ^Li>. Jl J
j^j
H
) « oUo^ » f*^ j,X\ ^ji-illj )AVV «cdU ju> 5^*jlj V->UJl J
■>j~aM 1_^k^ ^j o^/ Jk JJ3) iiJL^ -ut^ -bo ^AJY -
^A£ t ( <j>ui
lid I ^d^i) jojI JjL^ ^c So^ «j5L, JiU^V! J.^ J wUlj L.4I;
J*-- J l_,<> j! )j*V r a»A-J J *'j-J« J* iJLidlj WjUJl olWLJl
t'
J"
o\j
C) r*Lx\\ J i^uu j,s\r
^
^Li Vj * a^j£ Jj>- V^^J* ^ jUJi oljjLU
JS\ <
U ^J ^4.
NAi
JJ
>M ^ ^L^JI <J>U1 J-r NAO
\At< ^41 <iUm ^^ i
(\AtV __ VAtt) *L* A-.VJ ^ ijy cJ\T» ■, <J\^1 wjUJI ^Jl
M
*C*4
\
N
**
~ ' ob ^ J* J ^ V^b VoliJl 0~J^ 0*! eA>d» f Ux^Y <,a*..
o-^Jio^^i a
*J J VUJI Jj^J , ij\£}\ 5^JJ ^J, J,
_,*\j j\ji
i
' 6j
^ u* ^ Oj^lW
"I
n
1
f
, 1 ■ : ;
!:■■:!
' 1 < .
■Ni
i . : . 1
. J
I
m
■■'.■it
- \
r -"
^ I
> I ' I .
h 1 I
1 J I
!i r
^
: r j
.
■ ; :| r
■ J I
I j 1 ■
1 ■ ■■
Layard' Early, Vol. II, pp. 367—370.
Taylor to Sec. Dep.; 24 Ap. 1842. P.O. 195/204.
3 I
r
t
■ a
. J .:i,i;
i'i:!!'
£-V
* £
Je l^»j ;L-JLiJl.<lj4}» Jc jVjiJU <uL,U» JUwui Lib
L
i)»C4t
t *
VI
1-1
c^
iUC,
p*
L-o ail S^JI Jc U^ 1 J^ ^ j u| <A ^ U ^ ]
Vx.
^ l_^JLb l» dUi Jc ^ ij|
; j**H S^ J ^ uJliu
j^i Zj*mI\j ^ ^ ^.^^ o^lXw- /^jLid
+*
£~J Sj ^11 01 jUI Je ^V! II* Jk u^JU-i*)1 ~^li ♦ J_^4
■4
\s
4*
^J-* 1
1
>
<~a>l *> ^ Ji j-w- j *'l ^j
U* f^^TJ >^ ^ Pl> Ji 4*-U J Liu
u-V
ill
k*-*>^c <— iku AJLa/AJt J
t5
{J' — t^^^
^L^»531 JL£-J
>' *
U /
J ^i^j» O^j* J VjWIj ^uH-^I 0~xkkJ1 ^ oLoUail *Ju> colj
i c-jjfl^ oU*^ J*-^V ^er JL-JL <— jUJl "olkL-Jl coa*. . /^JUi^i
oUj ajjai <r^ai ^yj ^/vi t^i-uij v.^ 1 r v <^-j *> XIl, ^ CLic c ^^
L^jj oki-i» ^j * ^UJLJi 4jJk^ J <^U- ^^a>Ji Js. %d <J^x^\ oUjUl
Jl ^j»Vl *V> a^i ^ij Jx o>U*f; J^"V1 o' ^>" oULiVi cJlfj * NAVY
r'^
t^—j
UJ1
<~rO
*ll
^iAJaf ^^AjlJ jjpiaj jJshJ^ 0^*J p^Vl ^V> ,>
f t *
I M
ai - i-r
S S
!
ft
I
"ft J
-.'5 i
V - '
■■J..' ^
Si
I!
L ■>
1
[■**
*i !
i
i . i : *
/si
.4 '
1 i
I 1 - i
r
i
- 1- 'v
%
1:
!
t
t
is
!
I
I
i ■
J a -
i'.
cr--»J'j
#1
jUJl ^jjjl ^w ol Jfi
\M.
<i
<»
ji
t *!
7
Jsu^vi u^ ~4i& i- j An J^i J ^i 013^ v^" *ji wb
*4
U**
6_u a.*>
4*
**
Jl-uJl ^jU oLi ^i^l V jl
14
U jsIjux^V' <-j»1 (Jc q+iJa Jjk-ij
jXi-j • ^tull eU; j 4,1341 ^jjl J=Udt <> a>JU ^slUT j, < _ti»
-U-iJlj <,jL4b <-ijlillj iL-l>ill JU*, J! ^juli ^ ^jl JT J^
cJtf 411} j c ^ _,1 ^J*, < ^vi J~j VJ >J1 ji- _.
* I-
1J(
to
UjJbaJ
^' t^J 1 a^. J JJ*JJ *^ **«.> e--j o* <^JI1 ^l-X^JjM '^iV
' r->y
41 U
AX
u
JJ • ('). ->>.Y ^j-VVI ^j 0- ^^^ cy^V. tJ^ Jj j o^J
i
^-jLU OiuT ^.jiJl oUU v. - •>* t> - >^W. oV'vj-1- 4»^ j v^Ul J :
L ■ ■
ll
T a
-u*JI! J UlJwy, Ji*J <»vijj jjbv jlu ^_j. UuJL. Canning ^IT jlTj
UU« j. 4^^- J* t^U, jo5 oJuij £j^4t <JUiJ\ olU^JI oJi^-lj < 3
ui^' oLil_^l f U ob^^m .j
Jf C+Ja*J ^j * <> JbLbj
oUxLji D ir (^
U*i
t*
* ^ V--H J>JJ oU^
' ^ c^ui 0j ai ^ cLuji j %Uu-v , j Ulk
O! -5*—
S-A
1
i
3
1 <ikL* J •JjJaJIj
;/-*■
1
u-oijISj*
*JJ\ oilf j 6 »
3 Ja^ JU>J»«7 Jk 4JbJUI ^mS ^Uw'ji- £*-*.* <J^ M oV C)
*■■=>>
Felix-Jones
3JI
**jwa*aM JUcVl
*•
*1 »
^J NA£t>> a*. ^ ° J J >^ ^ L 1 *^ 1 Jj 1 0^
•S*
i 4»-P u" oU^UM ^y u*| iu*J11 JUet Uju» ouiSy <Ui fU ^>--
,*,/ > Lib u**J oljS r ^* j« <> V-jUHj AJUi-M 0~>>*" Of. »J>^
a^Vl u--P ol J**. J . V^'j tu^j'UJ\" <^>AJ» ^ a>x*Jl J.i**£l **y^\
1
^y ^.j&L t-ivj*7 o^LJV^jaj o
\
* pUaJ\ ^jl^v jui vM^ -^^
V
V
^L-uOJiil oLjuJI ^» ^jteJ La t-^>t> 'A^,
i
i
• Ur Ji j^jWI j iL-aii ,J- Jlj^l J ^^1 0^ (M
I 3 ':.
i
ft
i'j
i . -
■;fi
ft L .
■5i ii =■ ■
"?? "I
I
a
^
*
!
■a:
i
I
fff i
? i
1 'i
J5
j ,
• LjJI C U*H j ht4\ j u->J1 <^~j JjuIL ^ ot - o.
• a*. LvJ -j^t *L-t ^ 1 J>JV v^=H -^ o'
1
*K/-JI £m>*»J oljl^l oJL* ^Lu o' — V
- .J
£Ls,»j t V-JWI jMJI J| <jUi-J1 ^-.IjVl Jl O^UI u-v^ *b-*Vl 5jW
V
<JL~LJ1 ^U ,/U- ^uuj j jUJUM ^ „LiJ1 £\jla\ J*.
r
Ob • Ce* 1 — j« f J 6~ J ~"-* b^ *b— u-jiH UUJJ ^U>-
^V^
. 6j*Lij U^5 j L^JI S^lj jXJI Sj^U^ J^LuJ!
f*i" oUUVl <*»-j7 r 4cj v'UiJI 5J>U^ J oj-^^. ^.JJ\ U)S LUj r ^|
V
t
4 V 1 ^ y-ibVl J! o^U j*\ J\j^\ SjUI
*
U* Cj
»j-'C*
n.
■i
<^J^' ^bVl Jr jjai jb <^,ji ^^11 ^W! f>? * ( 1 )
i\
NAiV <j^- **jT v>l J5U ^.yjl W. ^ jdl jJUAJI ( v )
V
• jL__
>c»J1 j S^.juII
A
li ^> Jo.y ^H Oj ^ j. U-J^ 1 ^ - 1
^.jjiil i^jvoH ^jwijiAJ
' OJ>.^
L
■t
• ;l^jU]\ ^bVi j ^jH ji*-i o»>U- ^
#4
V>UVt i-jJJb -^' <A~ J 1 C^^Vj u^ C*i V.^' £*-»
• ;jua*ji <jui«n jj^i j-W
■\
, *
\\
Nt
U\ J* oijJI dAJi j -i
ft*-
UjoJtf (N)
U
Jjul. j,> Crr -^ 61 a«> ^Jij ^jJ^J
(XI
W : Jb/j* y.JS >'D ^ jUzi-V J^< a^j-. V U J A> c> aO*"
* ■.
I
tu
J ^i **>-*■ jU jfL&Jl ^ S^uij .sj^l Jc <]J141 ^'L4J» <> <*
*F*-
" +
• V 1 ^^' 'AJjoll ~>J^ J\ <^jUJ1 ^ Vt
^jfll J
* 4* t ^/ "^
* fV *j jjS^j Cr-L^j ^Ull_, ^jj3,_, oUj ^" U ^,1^
AiLU
^j>" 0* J*» Vi^ £^1 ^jji j^ d l u-_,
« M
>J1 o^j^l ol
SJ u» oU^I ^ oUUrVl J.L; J, ^LiJlj ^ V 1 ^>ul1 ^ i^U
yJ^J Uij* s>i. >>=; 1 Jl ^jUjji <JjaJ| ojux oljjkdl
Li— w*i£*
^ J ^.b , W , u* J, «_ jU] , ^1 o=^ b o.U ^ J, elli ju,
1
I
<-U.i-wJ
i . i i
i ?
Richard Rogers; British Agent at Bassora to Col. Gen. at Bagdad
17 Jan. 1861. F.O. 195/676; Per. & Per Gulf., Vol. 85; pp. 15-18.
0)
f \
I I
Committee
- i
r k ^^1 ■
Eccs. Ltrs. Pol. Agt. and Consl. Vol. 14, pp. 125
Lorimer, op. cit., Vol. I, Pt. I, pp . 1378-1380.
•131.
(V)
Vr
m
%
t
" r
i j
l^-i c*JI Ji> cJj J I £ b>a~. jj-teJ! CijULt- 01 £jVl Jj-oJI oa>j Uj
1
Vjd^ o;a-jS>JJ ( UiV ) <jLJ| f j^i Sa*U. ^-b cJ^c ^1 Sa*U1
* +
Jj>
* W^ ^ n *^V UUJUllj
r
Rawlinson
to sheill-Jan. 1847. No. 2 Ibid.
* '<O tJ Mi\ 4JJIU U ^Ij • <J'jiW <JI^I OjO>J\ <.^3 ( 1 )
Aitchison; A Collection of Treaties.
Hurewitz; Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East. 2 Vols.
or
*L«jX»iJ1 oL.
jLdLi.
<U»UiJ» 4j_jO)l -JjXai- ot <> M*U1 oJj_^>. C~uaJ UT
^^
• ( ObL* v_> ) >AJ> Sjij*.
V
jUJI
• LjlLu-j S^l <u.u _ \ : V3I
• ( .jjJI Ja^j ojjlf ,lid| -Uc ) ij^i,] ^J ^.joM *^
r
44
* <SW1 *i* 0>^ J J^uM fJU> j- UzILlaj 4^'U^OmJI
Oe^l f^ ^ J^Li Jcj c oi-AlJ^ <j* ^-^ u 1 " ^^41 <>j>wd ^iaSUxH
* <>«->
I
All
i
• v^ 1 -^ c^ <-5»j» ^bVi viUJTj < a-^jUH ^ijVl ^ U jC~.
I
o^ju j — u, ^Uj j^^oi ( 1 ) : ^ <r »
1 .>>bji <^j oujl- o)
jjoUI C-Al> y^jjj ( ->• ) Tcherikoff. j*; jiyai ( v ) Williams of Kars
Loftus; op. cit. p. 3
^-^-j J v' 1 -^ 1 ^J-*" v^^ ~ « <> 0^1 -w*, a^JI » S/J^ Jut (V)
• r \A(A - -* NHt j^L>. Y'V <ij3l1 f j>j! SjubU, ^Jy^
Oi
5
4J.UUI1 Sjjdl c~M u ! ..a-. <-jV». 1.^-sl <jlT J*J1 10* 61 ^j • <~*jU Jllc
J
*a
>>«* u-l*-1 ,> S^*U1 o^^t^Vl oWjoH £*> ol J>J1 ojy eUJUj ♦ jj4*Jl
,5UM <aJL
-1
■i
3
i!
S
<_^J <J£^ ^ ♦ /( jUxJI jb iU^l ^^Jl j£- Ob .p*J1 Sji^rj Sj~U-
<r
ji^iU JjJ^t ^X>- Vj J| _k
jM Jf ^Ji J^x) ^.Ut^, 4 iw-yliJ) cJU4l Ij^-jUJ
^oxj <JUI JJ
* 0)^
> 'm=tj
\asv s^l* ^Jy j^ <jc ir u^.1^1 ji is* jja^i jt wftSjiu bij
• 4
F
♦ Oj*aJ\ <>\j±- oLby^y*
**
• <
M ^.jb-
• ( Jj^J cijU ) Ji* i^jliilj ( *ljjjH ^jo Ji. ) iSjxi) ^)J\
**
4 I 1
t
>
JUJt
i^j&A^
t*
* 6
>-.
Jul IS
• •
j
1
ji
4t *— wju Jsij]a>-
sJIIji
* L^jjIjj l^c^jij Uuil^jj ^V*Vl
V"
t
V
i
V
A
*\
N
NT
*-il>Vt 4j* cJiljjtQ\LLJ\ _i^p J yViyj *L*iH vJ^ **i>" L-^jj o^x^lj
■3
<■-
'%
"k
i
.5
1
C
!
I
i
I
I
-^
V
I
I
ft
I
It i
ft
rj
55 ■
&' ■■
i
L 1
I
8
-t
i
^
*t
iSJ^r
U,jlii\ cJSsili ■• Uo^j j>^J1 <a*I J! oUjUl ^
*s*JM r U J>U-j • L4J ^> ^jj jjj^JI ;L.,1>u V*
Luj
» r
* J^aJI ^ <lfljil oiiyi {Jo}) y^ Cw-ii
*1
I
I
ft
I
i"
I
i;
i
fri-
ll
*
I
1
f
*Ji«-
i
%
"Li 1
!
if
I
t
I
ft
I
J
■ ' &
Ol ft
3-
n
*■
i :
, I
■I
: t
A
.
I- J\ r"
til
? :i ?
/ u
■ * 3 ! ir
- !
ri > cl
- I -- j i
' ill ■
. f f : 1 |
■ £
■ ■-] \
.■ ^
i 1 !
«t *i-
J*.
y wuJ
j
I
^)i 01 0>J -1! -Gael jOi . UiUj V 1 -^ 11 <)j-JJ' -^1> a A« lMJ iJUUl
^^" XL
>UVI
r
J^xl bj^jj t/ ^ fc- ^1 j ^j,! j^) a^— cJ» oV wijl 45 oi jH oh
J Jj-^11 a c l^x«U , ijjaJl y* ^ ol^lj <J l Jjd ^j t ^| 15 ^ ^
VI
♦ dU> o_j*-L4l ys>-jj C <jJU*J1
^
■ I
f" -
>■ * ■
:■■[
* ■ . !■
r *
H 'l
, 4
*W-^l.
PI
**
~JI J\jJl\ r U^I Ailjy ^^ ^Ul jjjiJl JJIjl JLLo <U] JipoUlj
j oj*?i o^^-ii pV> g^fj « ^-uiji j^ai L5>B _^ ] .^.jjjVi win i
•> j« v I
WW
Jtr:
j^Jb 4JyiS31 ^^-^n ^^Ul Jj I.
^'j-^J Ij.*!^ J-^Ui
i :
. L
■ i
i
■ i
? ; .
, uU
*mc'* "''■ '
**:*-.*■ <^^:^:i --v*'-^'- '•" '*•** '-
on
J_H»J1 jj < ffci* <^J„>U oU-I^U ,> l ^J^J1 -J l^Jc Jj^u; 5j5 6^.^V1
J"
*0~i— 41 fK*» ^J V^ *J>UI > Sj^iH Jj J, t ^^ j,.
te J>\ji I J
^j>Jj
-I
l j
^h & a»**~As Cxd~&\ {#> 'z)yl\ Jc s^u. ;u,un oUjVl ^&^j
«*>-■ <> lKJ 1 * ^^^ 4~»a&1 oLx*n j *jj$\ <,.«„^]1 4JUJ1 ,>.'4jjL5j. oUji
* ^^ *4 ft. « ft* w ft lllft'f-t * ^* ft ^
* ( v ) 6>-1 <4=r <> v 1 *-^ oU^oJl^
<-j^L*Jl Co^C IJ — ftjj •■ i^UJm oLxJIj *^*Uj ^'LLJI J* oJb ^i-aJ J5 VI
?
1
■if
1
"J
■i "r
■i r
*> *
(Jl U^jJUl ( ^ HA ) V^-^^ —iwl ^jij^jk-uj ^Urt ^ S^tUuJl (\)
liiiii^ Vj*^
Uj>-1 ^OjuwJsi *fc * . J J <Jj«>b£ c$-^'j *U— «l> ^-ij£ ^4J] u*j&ill
1> JL*m^^ \j fJ »Z^>\j S^LUiUJI ^ JljJl ^jl ~aS iij&\ OJIT U ^-LJ\ ^*H J^i-j
r
J uwJl doUpJl J1
j^lXo^c jU^^ w-fc>uJlj f-^.J^J <^^Jij <h-j-JJ^ ^ Uji" <*-«J o^^^ (X)
15^^
1 j -^JaJl iUjjJ S_^JI <> Uj'I^ 0^>t^ D^--J^ O^W L*4^ 0^"
. U.IT SjL^ O^jlU
a*
i
i ■
ov
*
^ ^ U ' ^J^' £>.' J-1 <> U-jj v-V Jl y^l u-j" J>o uU,
^Ji J (V*' vJ fl ^*-'>-^ J
il^Jl oUii J ^ljx^ l5 ^jJ1 4,UlJ1 1 ^ Uvl <> »3 oVU-i
<^y^ cr-^l r***"* *->' *> o>^, ^-^ vJ^*
J*"
0& ^ * j^W ^
->
<^>U- fi XJl^l <*_£>JI <>-j J JTL4
u~"J
,«JLa]
+*
C) J*£^ D lkL- -u*^ a^Jl ^j ^ ^i ^.UsJI eUJJ JUU1 •_, j^-
. =£
**J. 1^_>- bji VL^il <JjA]| jl^l. JU^I o^j • ol^JI J l«auL ^.jli ou^:.
- 1AH ) t/jJt o^41 J is^-ll ^jzJl vM JiU JljJI Jfcfc-1 <^y ^y jjj
U^—ljjj
■«^' U* 5 (V^ Vj>- J~-»^" J o^j^J
J, JiUll J L-,^ JUT 1 Jc . Vj>J , ^ L^jj ^ u olf j^, ^^^
J^Ji
i**- 1 -"
■^b 4j jail ^Ic
c
u-jj! J>^Vl _^o Uj . jjo*. 0JJ _U Aij oU-jLL,
'j'
'-A=^
-vi cjir
j •
LiUaj^ ^aJ>- ^J"
ufc <JJ4I
**
jJI oUc^Al
ill — YV)
;j >J1 \j&»\ cJ^j VJ ^ J <_,,j, ^-l^j, ^^,
A--*
t\A
i '
^^ jJ'yJl pC *J| | >: Lr *iUJ| fj> OJ^
*t ■
.}
ft
jjto «0
M
M
- *
- J.
■ y
J
* o'>J' u^UxiV y^l -ijjfc J^Ux^l <y ^jti ^ >* 3J~JI U*
1 v
1 \
■ ;:
i -.
p
^
.J
1
; -
**\
O'j
• ( T )
J
iJU
<JLJL>> c~ij 4 j^h o\ULJ\ ^ Vj *Jt v> jsj v lifil J <il Js^Wj
i • Ji>U ^jU ^y oUu* Uil ^k <JUU< olkLJl l*^ .^ja>J\ ^1j>.
»ljVl Jl o^ * ^J <JUjUJ1 o\yl\ ( l ) '^j^\ <^^ fV ^>' j!UAc cm^-U
H. Rawlinson to Addington, June 14, 1853 - P.O. 195/957 0)
■Clarendon to Rawlinson. November 3, 1853. F.O. 195/957. ( T )
Thompson to Clarendon. Nov. 20, 1853 (I.O.R., F.R., PPfi., Vol. 106 (r)
Pp. 237-239; Rawlinson to Eedcliffe, June 29, 1853 F.O. 195/367.
•o^
j*
}\ J\ j& '. ^jljjJ! ^Lc Ua.c Jki\ ♦ ij^^H ^5l^x oUj-T ly* (i)
♦ LbJU) Uj V\ * a -3 ( V P j:
i\\
0^*i1 ^ cJITj • <. ^Uj| _ <juu)1 jjj^h J* ^^\ i^j, ^ JjQv
jJ 1 cA**" k^ lM ^ <-
0) J
<.-|>oJl5'
oUii <4>.^ JU11 V U1 ^-oliiu-l 0JJ z^j*. i^jj, ^J j | WUa.jli , jIjUi
<ij*-
**uJl ObUuX^yV.
I
p
r ■
H
UJL
jj-^axj v,g.j,.^ u^juU
u.
i
^
q
' _ J
I
:l
^ I
■ " ■ : i
i : ■
; s ] r
" r i - |
Mi : i
■ 1
h
- .1
Rawlinson to RedclifTe : June 29, 1853. F.O. 195/362 Thompson to.
Clarendon. July 22, 1354; Aug. 21,1854. (I.O.R., P.R., p.p G .) Vol.
108, pp. 594 - 602.
. i
cr
US < C) UjU^jl s>*J\ J\ o^i J_^| J| ^^ Vj ^yLJI <JJ j_^ Uyi ,
O^jOM ^ *
* *
L*j-<jik
M
*-A OaJ
iir
Uj J ^^J oLj^osbj" <*U 1 j ^&
^U, ^ iik^.oJii II* ^ , ^,-UJl rJ-nij l 504.U, .y^Asi^. VUi-Jlj v-jl*"
^>J1 <5CLw j,> >».1 J5U1 ^ ykill JVU oli—J UJUj • £|jj}
I ■
• *~-Ji
. J
^^aI^QI V-^' £— J- ^"-^ ^=r^* ^lt^. **' u^' *L-^jLiJl c
fc» <oU- oi-fljl
-<t "JA\ *j**l\ J> Jc ^Uli ».U j^uj-oI j* o-Kj^ 1 0^* < J'^JI Jl
( ^JU«4V iC jl* J f*A*x-*j ol .^ V v^ J' M'b* ./V ^^ ^^ Vl^>
*iU? J* c**^1 <^jLill olkUJl ^j . Jl^t Jl OljjJ ^ ^j
<Jl*jM W-woll jU^ci" Jl I4L. iu^UJI JL*V1 Jl Vj St U*jr*h c oU^Vl
* ■
tj^ ^TU j| vt^,>- d AA <'Ja^ -LiiJ jjU) ^J LiU *V^j 0' J-U j * ( V ) 3j>lH
J cJtt»
^
VI ^ i^djl ^ijll cu^i ^ j*j • (<) jyli. — iJi Oi^* ilUu
o\jj Lxll oOjb Ji^
■S^cL
V u A fr y>j C Jill* _il1 \*\ ^y^ JQj^l -V*-* *V. ^^ ij&, (J
Rawlinson to Redcliffe ; July 25 - 27, 1853, F.O. 195/367 Rawlinson
to Sheill, Jan. 29, 1853. P.O. 78/957.
+
Ibid : Turco - Persian Boundary Negotiations Parts I -III. (1843-
1844).
Rawlinson to Redcliffe : No. 36. Dec. 13, 1853 -P.O. 195/367.
Rawlinson to Redcliffe : No. 37. Dec. 28, 1853 -P.O. 195/367.
£Y\
V^ •**> J- ' e^ 1 ^ ,> f j=** j] a~^l ill* jUii>.5U ^J J\ J^UVlj
14
r
?. u
1
yj**^ i>
k* oij j _ J^jli Jlj ^ ^LjuIi o
1
*iU.-
u* °
^ « t
j oljS ,> <..a! L. Jfc J& 1 ^jku-i V c*3 ^1 ^ j JfljjQI ju^j \f
*"!* cr" W-r-V ^tjll Jc WIT <jlji ^jj, i c J iZ ^_ Vj < S>aai luijll
Ji- J Sj^l ^c ^j_^ixJ oo'lT U o_,Jlj ^j^ jSUJl 0^ ^IJJj ' W^» j£-~" 0'
u1 y«*J VM 1 -»VT <x_Jl Uj ~"jUJt jjill <4»-!jl <;ly ^ Jajii ^ju^ _iVT
r'r 1 J - J"X\ ljM— - lS-u>- -iVT <x.*Ji ^> 5jLiw.y1 <> -uCj i*;! ai^l
«
■Gl
*t
0lT U JT r a^, i ^ii-i JbJbj jJLiJI f> u y^X, ! ^JLt^ eUa..
^
-• ,J UJI
i^ < 4k>Jl o-U J Ul»J ja *S1 >Uj • (\) OJ ji ,y ^iUf
k.
1
Ibid.
0)
in- )•*>
<j°
i V
-^ < a^^* 1 u^ oljJl ci^" : jj<>JI U -Lx (V)
r
m
<_^
t*
StZc
• 4JU1 4f>U ^yj ^U«^V1 0,1 Jb ojSJ o! ( r ) Jiwll jILte
■ L ' ■
o^jS ^ < U;U- <*5"W1 Vj ' oVr-Vb JWjjSH a^j Ux— .1 elliT
■1
f
UL*-
\ _ Ub d»i! u^ iibw-Vl 0- t^-*- 1 UT i io^Al oi^l <>
— . — ^zjft)
( £ ) <jL
Cr* *
1
JJLJt j >1>J1 r ljb^^! a^J ^jjfll _L^1 Vj? J1 J^j
Luaj aT^ uljfc-^* J ** * ,J ^J c hJ^^^ V-Wl <> ^ ^.J^' V-^l
C^j f urt^dl jW' J >^ ctfO^ ^-^ u 1 *' c/ 1 ^ i^-iJlj ^jk- l^JL^b
J'
j Ut^H >\jji , r u=^i j\ o^l v ^ j^i Uui Wb 0) >b^ U? c
" H
4-il
"
-r
«M
4H
*f
,> ^LiJJl J
t
^ e^U l«]j ^1 H^aJI JV^JI' jSUSi: olijJ- <> (A) .
• U"J
ilia.
i ijil^J-l
I
■ U_i
Rawlinson to Redcleffe. No. 34, 35. Nov. lb., 30, 1853. Ibid, (i)
1
F h
* \\U\^^iV^£ ol^Jl cf,jU : ^1>J1 ^U Jail • J]^]
T. Quinet, La Turquie J. Asie. Paris. T. B., p. 249.
m
hluxc— VI tiUj a*j
-u-^UJl <**\j*l\ zjJ**l\ J> J^ <7ly Lib -UJij
<-JLi*J\ ^_^-joJ\ **>^>» J pv^j*. ^-^^ ^ ^ u">*^ *j* c •£**** ^ ^U*^ u^
^boa
obljux— V* ^U; & Ji^^i **^. o' oLj! ^ 6^ ^LjUII jJl*J\ J^Uj
0' jTjs"
J -ai j l*j • C) AU~r ^-^> oUJi j ^i W^ jbo o^
^J u^jl> <*Jsij ( j^y. ) J JaJ . 1 ^ 1 ^^ lAH 1 *i ^-^ 1 ^ ^^ c uo^ 1
~Ui» <J*i
jiyir^uiJioi
JLr*" tj^V '^.-V O^**** 1 ' o^xcl ^1
* u-jj>
J!
*-ij^»l1jl • <** *j**^\ n-*+* Ojbuj <3\jUo ywwXl <J^l>**J f^i ^jl <L-L«JI ^j*-***-
* (°) j^JUb <aj$&- *-* 0-5^.
1
j+>A) ^
^U jL^ll ,> J&jjM ^S
<1) Thompson to Clarendon : November 20, 1853 (I.O.R. F.R., PP. G.,
Vol. 106, pp. 237-9.
<2) Rawlinson to Redcliffe : November 16, 1853, No. 84, November
30, 1853, F.O. 195/367.
/3) Thompson to Clarendon. November 20, 1858 (I.O.R. F.R., P.P.G.,
Vol. 106, pp. 237-239.
(4) Kemball to Thompson : December 15, 1853, (I.O.R., F.R., P.P.G.;
Vol. 107, pp. 83-90.
(5) Rawlinson, to British Embassy : January 28, 1854, No. 2 (Sal-
Turbish
71.
at
SjSiH »o* J5U aLsJl Jb-^iji j» ^jUJ S^lj o^-jje £^ 61 j-u> ^j
_>*J
1
4
1
uJ^Tjl ^V^ </V *ij *^' *Srfj*^ i***** 5 ^^ Vj*^ ^ a - 5, J' '^^J ***b
2u> ji <V.1 ^jli *a^J' V j^^
aJ? eJl (JLt » g -"- '■«*■**
<_J\ cJL-y jail - jLJUryi ol J^i y^b * < N ) V^ 1 "M 1 l> V.r- r^ v
S^*xJU <^UJI jJUi-J^ V-r ii. u^ JT fLS o^. V 1 -^ S~-jW\ oU-£>Jt
. L
r-OJ
,> Vj ^ji ijsUMj uj^i ,> jr >- oi J^ ^^ '^ UJI ^ <^->
OLA, JL.V1 JT oo^-j ^\ \j&?\j L-Jji ciici Ui . ^jJ» J o^Ui-J^
(i.)
Eawlinson to British Embassy: January 25, 1854, No. 2 (Saldanha
Precis of Turkish-Arabia, Calcutta 1904, Paragraph No. 7).
( 2 ) Thompson to Clarendon :
Vol. 108, p. 703).
August
1 ■
i :
. !
1
' i
L
H
H
E
! ■ ■
* J
<- c/.^. 1 J-*. a"j^ f J* ^' <■* " UiJ1 ,Jwai t ^- 5 -' 1
JbU JljJl Jt i.JU* olji l«j ^l- ysJl JjVl ^1 u* .i* i-Jj
I
* V/" V-r^' JjJbJI J^L ^ i^SL**!! oWjux^VI Jf oii y JUlbj
.i*»'j/.V V^' ^j^>J^ Ju.-^J JsL_^J\ Jl -\w-jjl ^JLL-^Jl ^Uw-jlill <JUi.ll
i
i
\
■
(1) Rassam to Redcliffe: No. 10, April 26, 1856, F.O. 195/394.
(2) Kemball to Clarendon : No. 4, January 7, 1856, No. 5 February
4, 1856, P.O. 78/1212.
(3) Ibid.
(4) Kemball to Clarendon : No. 4, January 7, 1857, F.O. 781 1212.
h
r
*-&*
'i
i
!!■■ M
■■• -—.«<,- i ?J fjijvj., ^^-^'.^^-■^y/rr-'e^'r' ■-^'^■•■■^^-'^^■'^■■■^■^■•■r
m
'JTUm ,»-~*J ^ villi ^j < j^u*J V-V ***ij*- C** J <J"* V 1 ^ : u>JH c+£~?j
<iVj f b1j<( NAM - NAtA ) .LA oJ^» .r-
I— J i (jl^iU oUi ^)4J1
^
■? oU^Ui J^^si] dUi Jl cot ^\ ^j^l ^
D u <] .JU1 V U1 ol^y -Uaj J* U^^, ^ JljJi Jfc**^ ^ U-u*
a2jj&- <j>*&
• f
#1-
;ir
Jpjki- ^.Up-j f ^j-uJV^x ^joll fa> •ijyll ^L^uJl <l£o$U l***1j c \A£V
<> (( 4JJU4H )> j!
a* ,5juy ^ L*-UI *Jl* J L^ijL* 'iiSiJ^ Jjl cJlS*
t^-ly ^LiJl «i* o~>-U Jii < iT^^jii^ o>^«3! Jc ^yJI a <JLiJI » yu*
. c*x. a** J 5j_jk^ jj-tsJI o^UC^ a*
»
c^iUL^. j jLdi ol^j JjU- j£ oUjaJI ciOijl iU^Vl iiUr SjjLu t^_j
^JUiJl olkJ.
»fr
•^U
Jl
=-»j ^A"\*\ J JjTyj^ e-^J J' oU>)l J^jj JjU ^n
Lorimer; op. cit. Vol. I. Ft. I p. 1421.
. 4.UJ1 jlaip ^.,> ^1^ ^ )j}\& . J^Jl JOy-i. ^Jl ^ £ • jj^
0)
jA«£ (Y)
• ^V < A < V jlaevi ^J-iTj u^fVi ^jU : ^jl>Jl (V)
> /
fit
rir j
I
1
3
;\
-1
uv
Ja£j ^^j\ uU ^joJl ^Jl^cl ^Jo> t >Us ii^jjUj iJlU^Jlj i^-oliJtj
cJb Jj&>^1 U
Jijj * ajJbJI c*J U^>J ^1 4u>» Js fcl\ Jj4*Jl
n ob4*jii
^y jjjjU i^iH JU1 v LHj c*-jl* j,«z>\ Jij . ( v ) i—oill oLlJI oUxli jjy_
<l^Jjj jy ,5011 ^jUJI yJUJl <^jUi - <ib j;>^ ^J
\S
<;oJ
J*>J <> ^\ <JU7 oJlT U ^ — <^Jd\ oVUx^Vl <> C ^" JU ^J * 0^
t*
k
ijUi j>Jl JL4*j < Uj ijljJiil »jda>Jl <+*o***t}\ dJj* b jhy. <J*t ^
Jb-LJi
*t
+ o^' ^ ^j ^ ^^^ r 1 ^. J3u*u c jj ^j-^'
;ojO>J\ *4^j^ (j-jl-Ul i.^^- ti-u'j^j *Udl jLix^V ^oiJl u
All
GJ"
<o41 cxL^lj * <uj <u t 41 «-*»1j>- ^> ^o'^- J 5 " J ^«^jj ♦'£j1>*2j1 j l^ik^lj
JJ"yij UUuyj-L-Jy J^»Ui oUI j^j ♦ *J £jl>jroJUkl Uf jlyVb
J*£^J ( ^^—j **/j ^JbjuH ) ( v ) <^SlVoL*J1 Jj ^ < JUwVl
^oii AJiy. oiJT ^^1 iW Sjbjll cJ^ix^o\j ( £ ) s>if oU ^i^ iSlu* iU^xJi
3 ,
"1
<4
' }
Aitchison; A Collection, Vol. XII pp. 21—22.
0)
• f \AV-/^AVVoV«~A jo>i, <Li^l c~>- 0^^ Jl «LJJ\ J^»j (V)
• NAVY ^^ NYl^ Ai- ^Jii* Jlj JIJul* Ub c^-x. jlT
N^^ :ojJ
Lorimer, op. at. Vol. I. Pt. I. p. 1421.
jf "j^^i
(V)
L* oo^j a UUi ^U1 <> JaJij _;vT <x
. \'i
)oV :
iJ I (j+.&ij) •
J I <J
J T >«r (U
cJlT <^J1 jl wij^iM i^ J c^-J^ o^^l, ^ ^Ijj (0)
jH^ o-^-^ -aJi ^.>^ 1^ oLiJl Jii^
^
J
'4
I
' r
"J
1
^
^
UA
A
Mi
jjy ■
M- 1 ' J 0*-w Vt ,> otJJI U* J £a
o
• 0) iUjJIJko^
-L.
Lk^ *u, L ^yU! E U*J1 jJ-LuaJ ^U
U>J1 Ji> J> I
Void! oU.^1 e JU ^ij ^
Wl ^U . ,k ^jU »bjj 0- <^Jj y> ^ jlj ^LO
7^. U-
]
r
Jl«li- J 3—U- i IaJU;- o>^£jU1 ^ifl cJUG jjj^JI <j£^
LI
■ V
*u i! juili
L*
>JJ \,ttl ., (^j
rt-'j i>-> c*-jUJ» JWIyli^ A^-jLL. jj ^u>Jl 4jJL^..<«|
^
iU1
6\
J* u"J^ <> uijUl ^L-j D U;j J>to Ji a,.w 6 L&; D U- Je
UUIj ^jUII ub >ull
l^i i!_^| rJJ oUijUH .0*
J>^1 o_P c^iil oUijUil a j^ J ^ 4 ^.^
>A>J1 i_i Js olclw-\
t*
\
■ M
u- 3 ^
II
ItfsJb-
■~il
w\
• -W>" ***~i J\
t^ 1 u^> cr^J JM
l*
cj
<>^ c^ aVJ S^.-> *-A~^ ^ 6jL*xJIj i^Ui^J
\V
ii
A.H. Midhat; The Life of Midhat. p. 58.
J?
J^
w
* ' . «
^:
r 0)
CO
^ <V)
• ^AV , V i jL,jb- : jj\yj\ (o)
T\
A
■ ■.
r |
■rf.-
j
L L
aJLe ui oL^jliit *-L* j j Ju K^Jf * Lo 4>. ,J1 .>j.o*J
• *•
J !
J»
jjSj US' £ A*iiiM £±y> j pjy^jl S4*U* ^jJ <Jix^Vl J t^Utc
C-^. r 1 ufl
Uaj ■ Jl t >JO.j^>J
J
u
cole ^ >AY^ jj * <JU^}\ <*j&*1} o^Lj, j+s£\ £Ux^ foe o>— ii'i JLo.ji
^oij oUjUl c^^lj (r jl *j n ^ (( jjU )) julc jj«kn Jl 3jj.x}\ oMSC^
^^«
: l 4: J *!>. SjJ'^i a ^jU
U"
■ir
lT U-u* \ AS<\ <i*- Lib ^ jji Lei^l ^1 ^>>ij i)^M J*^1 jl^^l u l
-I ^TU >JUJ ^fcb-1 ^c !>Uai ;>jJL*J\ <i>J j] r U^i^U <a,^L j
NA£V sJotoLw ^j^ai ^J^ ^*rJj>
\
* (-TV*" J^J.}^ ^JULc* pyj>
T
V
*r
* ^jA>Jl Jb-W J <1LU,
(
I L
i
H t
• 0) uv*\ y^n J^j^i v„> ^-^
tf.^^ O?.^ 1 J^- - -\>-Uil uU> VlriV V 1 *^* 11 oLjVl oi J^-^
J .■ H
j i
* ' ;
\ .
■*
viU;
rje.j
ifeU cJlT _ JjVl *4UJ| y^Jt J^ ,^ 5 ^c ^Ul /, Jill /
iJ^-J ^^ c £
u^ 1 LT*
* U^ jl 1*U*j o) ,> ^1 <-^.jJiji ±jkJ» u* jLo'L*i- U>-^1 ^xJjoJi ul Jt
«i
jjlj V^-jr 11 cM*j£>Jt iSy^ £>' ] uM O^j) J J^-AJI jj^aiJl acL- Aiii
>
t^-jj' ti^jJl oLi^li ) ^^ wiy: l^i N^.y ^^U ^U^Sl J>J? jz U^XCjU
V
^jjW Jai^d\ c^j- ^1^1 ^ JL^JUl ^u-^1 ^j ^JJl J\jj\ ^Ui.( u ;lUi Jr »
i r
'
Aitchison; A Collection. Vol. XII. pp. 21 - 22.
(N)
_ i
* ^
sr
^j! ,J*^/V j
.*Lis-4». < ,,tj> Um.^ I JoUsH <** .. ^. jjj*Ji ,«ri^l \ "^jy.
- L
C
1
* u l >■
I
**
l;
ij gVi! -it- 4*
u» **»jjj1 J»>^ <> "jJL-j v 1 *^ 1 ^^1 ^ -tr «itf-W
♦ L*»t V.JJJ^ 1 4jjUjcu-v1 i^JiH l.w.o,»j <*>LJU]I <J>UI
LI ■ ,
^1 j» JU^ J\ JLu^r ^ jKiVl ^
. J* js»j jUj'VV v^=r J 1 V^' ^)
4
!
L"
I '
if
■i l
t <^\j^\ jjj»J1 U, Ui^- j| J^^jjl ji OJ ! ^j
->j bJf i»r cr
J „>~J J» J.>~..»n JH J^i \Mt j cJtJ'.^UrYl <v&- <-.',
ot < vUv*
=.b>«sJl dlj 0-j;// <*jt jf v _^l VUJUJl UJjaII ^^" ^xJ! o>UUU
JjVl ^1
-.ULd J iiJJHSiy A^yi] 1Sj^\
e°
• dV.yxJl ^L_ jLj ^s _,_, j^-Vlj Vj Jt ^ <j jLj <l^ Jc \ ^ r
gJ*J» J yillujjl
■ui^i-JV-UjjJV,^ <3U) Ji"
.All*,
*ft
ti^
J Jf.-'^MJ
«n
t.
r
■A
i
*4
ft
"i"
s; ;
■ A *
1 i j
■. r
i
i
8
i.
i
\\{
; ■ r
\
1 i L
^ ■
■ 1
\
J
■ t
L
" 1
J
J
- I
J " ■ t
i i
i :
i H
1-
* -|
I
> . . I
J . i
* i
i
i
, ■. j
3 t
i i
f
ju oU
ajjll obVj J ^^11 J^UUIj Li>l JU_t jti <_• J <jLi* <,
1 H *^ ** +4
4*
JA-Uj
« L*l. CijJI «-,U-j <_JUi»J\
i^j^ll Jj-a!) v- 1 *- ,> >-4.
U*^ u^" usi*l»-rV» <•
ouir Uj
^-L- cJlT ( Ui>j l^aUil ) y ^Ul jl ( -LiU! ) 1+l. j^ju-H ,1^ i ; Ls
r
c
vv
Hi' ■ '
' ^!j-» O^j" V 1 -^ > c 5 ^ 1 J ^V^uJI .JU cJlTj • j^H J,_,aJl J4s .j ^ U
illyVu
-TJC
J.
4 <*fU 01 O^i
lib jsd? i-U- »U^ ^j» _ ^^UjVV
> ljkiu, oV ^4^,1 ^k <JUiJl </^1 <J j jU\ vU c 0> ji
u\
O^'L^UJJ
^jl <iL^ <JIU1 cJlT bi bl-ux^-1 ji.1 ^j fi 0j n ^ ^
VwT 7 o^'j'-
44 • W#
\y\f ^oL^rVt J»j-jVl ul V^^lj V^jUm ^xj^l ^ \jj* ^ , OU 1 \^V
• V»J VJ=J <->■ W^ J->U cJlf L. <^^ Jji- J J^^jj ^^
^*A*0*'
1,
I
S'L***1 ^*j \\\X J/fjj* -uk ( ^ iiUJ
i "i
m
*%
***
44
iii^.<juiJ» orij^t cy.> ju - a t^-' ^ ^ aJ1 oir J/y^ ,, >^ J
♦. 0)'^-j'-w ^^.y. :
N
r
r
.ji jjj^ji
s
^JiH <Tjb- jocJI aJ Vj J1 JxJi jjv JjoJI ^ 3UJI oi»
: aJUM oUUii^Vl j J»j_r^ Sl *1_r* Cf V' 1 ^ »jU-J1 o*J «-i j>J»
= oU 1 u» » ^- ( j >
■ ■ * .( J\yW 0^ J-4- ) -V^ -^
\
J».
t
V
.ojjlT > ^ Ji-5 Jb o> <_^ - OsA-*-" 5 ^ *"•->*■> sU ^ ^. ( v )
,»"V. ' f->J^
1
M0
4J
*J\
^f ^sl>k^ j>4 iSj* aJ"Ij ^ (\)
)
L -jK
'4
$ s
.i
A i %
■1 i
■Si? ■■$
IB f
ll sr
n
if!
i
■I
Sjfif
ran
r*>
'TO -
I
i
!
■P
-_r „tL
-i
.v
% * ■
I
I
i
\- **
-.s
i
%
\
}/
■i
■ft
-6
ii
y
-!
i
?i
•;
i
cvr
J OJ_J-^2J <J
ALA.
a
• p J^Jl »aoU»
: J
xl!
J>r s Ui^U < <W33ji. vUi-II 5.UJ1 c*r ^\ J^ L c*i^! oi^l *1
\
£ *U>
* *^ ** ■ If
<J/yj^J1 II* ^j J^ A ^Y rJ ^j1 s^u Jc oa^l vl^vi ^jJiJI t
V
^' ^ o^j ( ^^^A- ^<\^ ? , j.m uun Vj ^ji o^j , ^ ^
u^^»
>JI
^ i--^ c-v ur « ji^ii > uiv^ o>^ ^j « N ^ A j^,^,
4 ft 0lj»>1 > ol>^J-
• • •
%.
!
^
^UV U^j L-jj r L^l J\ ,i ^i olj^l j^^u
U'J^^ (1)
( OsL-V! ^<.^J1
TA f )
b"--N\-v J
<
- 4
Cr^Q)J^\
v<«*yi<
*JU» jj\ Z~*jit\ oU#1j
■r
1
; J
I
■ ]
I
■■ I
V- IK
t ft
i ft
F. 81
•„ i' ■ :'
1
t .
h I .H
* .
5
'",
*
J.Ui ^jlj ol^ UH J yA^Jl <j*x*l JJ ^^ oLil] ^
o i ^ n Jy U_> ' »^ ^iJU" ,J U>! VI \j>- (>
6! >*c
- 5^ ^iliiVl ^UII _
3
-Vi j
■X*i l-j) *&,
.u**. UJ1 jo. joji ^Vl A3U1 dUr oljbl j ^
# +
«
1
4*
M
> l^lfc ^ * vV J' >-Vl c^T
Jk>Vl
L*
cJir &\
Vt
L
J
J*
tl
^o? ^^ J ^a^j & J
<c_^j oj jkj-
oL>J1 /
li
a-"
&j>b^> <JU-|
*+. ^ j^ . ( NArv , , WI J: ^ v ^. U:UJ1 jtu; ^^ ^ ^ u ^ ^
^ <J»^, .UJ1 ^ ^ 6 1 j, ^, ^^ , „ ^
■^
r
. <Z^ J J^i f f ; )j|b ^j <xk> _ J ^^^
, : k. SiL.
^VA
r
i.) jjU**- jV < Sty J ^-oJ ^" ot\$W £>lSj SjlaLw i«-*-j*i JpJl ^"*jj
vjlA oUJl J! ^^Jk>M <Ul>- will V© J^ jt i o^y -All Ce— ^ °*^***
c-J jOl^tdllijy j$\ j*uj t j**^i!\ L^-jjj^j ^JujiLjliu^j utj^J
r
• (( olys .ui. dJU^Jl J J^'ji^ ^ ■abcu-lj ^M^Vl cr^' ^-^ J i^J*^ 1
>
ill flijV L«j-L»UC*» <i\T UUa>y_ c
t \jl*>
£*J *
^T
»* *
A.
ji c,^^ ujim oJ^-^j *l.^
J oi> ,> ^u-.^ 1 ' ^y^ j.,^ v>--b V^. t> d^ ^> J ( 5 V )
r
't^^^. pU^. ^U- *>.ji j < ^MjiVl J-l~Jli uj^^. >J~'VI ^-1 ( £ > ) u-J
UjU ^jV .yUw^JI J>^-V1 1-i* s lj\ 3L**jUl\ olkLJl i*lku-l j^f 11 ^
'J^Udl ~ii j j jJkiVI Ot 1 A 4 * <>". J°-» ' ^.• 5L ^ , ( t> ' S ^-> ;U ' UL ° J -^
UU«^. Vtj^ j» jj - o/u-jlU jj^JJI o^J ^i l> 1j J j*^-^. c* ty^.^ 1
*
L
\
L _
It- jic C ^ul\ ,1^-Vl U» of ^acl »
•' « *) >tU V JUi >i <j'1 Lit
.*■*->. c
*4
4
r.
£
n
^
y
I
UJI oUaLJJ
LT-J
L. X
u
Lt.u.j
44
J*
5 J?.J* J ' ••**!
>
-j i
'. i
;■ i
l
i#«jr|
« * »
j^>U V-uJb ^Vl^^i^'U Jc-c-*w^t4S oJlT Ej i ^3>j -
M^Jl Jc JUiau"
1 Wj!
L ■ H
1
h
\
h
i L
I 1
. J
:■
jlj^-b- yJly o1 --UJ -iosli £> ^ j&sj ^o
-w
M
44
liUJT
WjUM V-Jjll *^j|jH S^U« <> ^^ c^SUxJ., <ik41 j jaU, ^jli i!^- jl
JiLj^Vl ,W »»uL.j a*. <5ilc jJU>
Uicl
O^J * J"** 1 .* <r*^-
&1\ WlJuj cjir ^1 v-L ^oJij \JU^1) zjeJfy ^AVA J E >J J\k>jJ\
' V.^J) Sjt j»JI Vij r UAJ)
ijtl — Ln ^-iJb^Lfl
(j»UJl ^j*j*c^> ^y'UijtJl ^iLLJjj
r^° J\j> - J* *u»~ a^! <-jVl oii-j aii
c NAT^^^, Jv^Jtc^j^Uij i W^pla^J^^^l^ i \ArAd l J^'^j^
oilfj^^S^H j^aJl J^ulb ^^x>. 1 VI ( Ul ^ ) jujipJI ^Uju» q1U,.]1
£• ?'-'*
a
21jj}\ # £.Ua\\ j I^jU
1
A*'
**
l»- 4A__^oi
Ulk,
**
"
;tr
<
«
Jb ^" ^ JA-J1 •^ .UiM 6^ Juli • ( <JLJUJI iJjaJlj LiUw^. ) i)^u4l
^^Jl Ujju, o^ l/JI NAW J »j-*m Jte-V S^^Ji J .jujjj ^ ^-UuJl AU.
4#
jU
b
jlyVl iUill Jb-1 J\ *^J1 o^V
jilu^l ^ Ulx-u-^ j^k *w>«^ o^*J
jj^Yii oAoi <i>* ^ ^V <Jij • >L,Vy c^^. o^j «. <J* OijJW'
<>».
>
-u
II J ^.^r-41 ol^jSH U; J £jS^Jt t> 1-i* (( >JLi *oSji » j& IjJUul J>Ji\
J 3*^41 -4L*«n juIj
Lib
7£r^ lSJ ^.^^ ^/.Jr 5 ^^ <A -^ J *4.-r^l <U>J1 aJLS ♦ Lib
'<*■ O^-^i
<Jj * l*^,^ J»i-*n ^ ^^ji ^j^n ^ik^ iiivi <^\j <> 01 ^-^.
tj*.j
*n
: JLa3 oiiJ <J5~J ^ ^-^ A-~J^_p- ^.fl-JXf <Wi iJL^j
^ jl.uL JLc p^-j;
■VI Jl <:
* tt
U"^
J> -*
arr
Ju_* 0>*^f. 3-J*>^* VI <j1 ^>
L
^aJjOll fUl *LJic oj^ 6^aJ\j ^W.^b ■ Q..,U'fiJlj jlLa^VIj ^^>cJ\j o^ J^J*-"
^ t ^41j Jl^JV J VM J^^ ^. oli^U!\ oA* <*^y L^ ^^-xi ,>! (\)
((
^.^>ji j^^ c>.>" » m^ j ^ c wjj y--^' ^^>** •*** r 1 ^ 1 j
a\
u— i 0*J i *M J UU^, ^ju.t iJLi>. jjjo. Lib a^^ u lT U£*j
_ta* <*_?£>- JL c
f
jukm j
w jc iu- jt w -m «ii s^ujij i> ^^ ^ ^r 6 u
«
^' ^ " ^j! j^ Jb c> *^ Jl oljil »Li
; --ijjiil oa^ j
: i
^ J
t#
14
<un
• (( I <ubV Oj-UX
**
^ J*-' W >*_ oi Jiji oUd( ou JJjJl J <JIL,^| ^ijjui
lyrJyX,/^*
ioi)
C.ljJ4*dl cJljZi Jl
1 c^ -^ .f jp*« fLJUL. »ji>ii v 4 Jj r 1 ^ 1
J
**
4*
Victor Fontanier
<u*U; ji j>£J L5 ^J^J| j^uJl ji ^ colill
o^ o
ir<;t
^ij.tl ^
L
' *Xa- <L^J
t*MA\ lib ^^ 1 u^jj ^Lx. v.
t
m
I T
■i ■
* Lab ^k ju»^ ,>^> ^V. Jr-^" ^^ ^ l ^ ^ ^^* Jl
at ,s
jj £)D ^A ^AfcAA
ill U
*■ h
♦ Jaii (( tj-a^J^ u^T ? ^^
■ ™ ■
•ji>J1 <-~i J <;.^ai oljSJl r ti y> j^VI <A-SAj o^" ^ A 0' C 5 ^ ,J
ill*
Ul Jt — tVI t/B. Sjjli er -^ Jlu. <>j V^ vr^ ^j*^. ^^ J1
:J
J
•* A
L- J\yi\
Jc J&j'sjuijl LjJVU^-b Jj>M'*a* '^jl l*%^ -"^ C^ J "^
I
si\
ill
t^?.- 3 us-"
L
o
il
: \+j J_^r Jk ju*« J\ <JL-/ *Jla~-Vl <..£- c*i-» .■**» j^K«^ jl
l^L 3 Ui, Jk f ^* >^. ^JJ <^> JW1 wi5 jll tjj4*M (j*e^.V\
• « '^^.'.^^ V'»-^^ c^^ Oirf VJ- J 1 &'S- ^ J^ 0l ^ ^ lk -"
<*
\
^j <jui*i\ <Jj.xn -«*-» <^>y 3^^. o^ 6- l . *■>**<. >' (>*^ J 1
t^ tt
Jl ^i^ W- o^5C^ iU^ c*!W lil UJlj t UljJI V^^ o^^lb
. ^jWIj .yUJUJI O^j"' «^. ol^U^ ^jz—
\
\
I
I
f ^
!■ \ >
h
ft
11 _ 1
4 .
h
J
<^>J1
*t
cob (>)
\\ j.
>b< J « £> » V.> J? - Ul 4^ J _ J^axJ jJLJI ,UJ'H ^tj J^
r^-5 °U*M _*• j -^.1^ v-** 31 -^ s^l— cOlkilj ^Uialb o*,L-j
• 0'j«J1j ^.^o^ ol_ji]| ^ lj»-U- _ o*j
J . U*
r
V)Vl> i^U ^ & fi ^j. ijLy ^ j^jJ] J*^V1 61 r-i*i l-U
<>j
< £> ) V-> il ~^ J L^u« j! Vj c-ir uij 5\y> j ^ v-jun - V^.jJ»
■JL
J» eUsJ ,/iVijJi J>u.yi ji^^i ^u»i ^i ^ u>^j <,^ iorU
Lolki J O^Ji L^j
^
41
■>,*
<il) j>o* -uk ^UJVI 51L^> oUJl
Lajixj
o
* +
i lit
ur» ^ L--JJ <-L^ cJir ^ ^j • jU^ ^ jU j^| ^ L;^ ^ j
t
fr4
p4i
II
J\1*tjJ\ s^J) (^LJ cJi»J jd) <;UV1 ^ Lo.LT ljUsct UJ! f oi ol
\
Jl f^iAA^j frj]) ^U^Vl ^^ 3jU J^i oUI j oL.> jU-l
V
<Jl
^.^1>
r
♦ o
— SJI olji
Urania
Uljjl <^uLJ1 ^ (\j
1 j
Hi
\
Ott ilL J 1 ^L^ll; A*.] Jj^ ylc-.jU-yl ww^. fJUj 1 v^ ^Uf JjJucI
*
1
4^ J
»#
il
<iUO <i^c ^ ^JiM ^Uc
VI
Lo o>i
• Lie 4j_>c J ^w^JI <j|jiVl <.jSiJI ^JLu 1j
• ((^ oj » j j^t jiU ^ u*--. o«»"U«u^J1 bUJI 'ULtf <JLu* ^
■ ■ ■■ -
oU'j cA*Ji V^y Ori S^" ! ^*i— c^y v*i
u>ui
* 0«1>»» us! S-Lr-»
4 *
■*>'tfj u-J 1 -* "^y^- jU^V 5*fcji|j <!_,U« Jk j^- jmi] .j*,
i
~\
V
A
<\
<J
fr+
^J1 <*j£»Jj
: ^ <*U WU, C*>->J C ^Ui S^JaJl ^ £>J> r
))
^k J^^a>JJ <^^iJ« L~-jJ t^r^ ^.r-^l ^i 3 — 1^» ( £^ ) LfU J^-wJl ul
u**i
£ L £*'* >
I
A
i
I
I - .
T
V
3
r-"
r s
■#
J
»■ r
'■J '.
,'J
.1
s
it
W
I
ft
I-
u
-;
' i
3S--.
r
-i
&'
!
"i-l
.1
I r ll
~V>' 0* >J~YI ^Luul J -<*iX.J\ V L-V1 -ail. U>^ > _i yJl
w->»J J^ 1 0^-41 0- oL^jUll 01 ^ • ( Uf ■)■£>-*>• ^ > £> d
j LM — Ly c^j^j O^J-Ai' of. ^jUJ su*l« ooicj \AC \ ./.jxft j 0I^J= j
* ski v jjy j fjj \Ai \ j-y j ( £> ) 0* *V
0»jJt ^U ,iUI a*, s^y SJK-&, U.. ciliJt J\ 1/u.j t jJ^VI AJb ^
I JLdl^dljMAoVyL, Jo^Vt^jUi^ASA^I V- J ^^ll
C,\S \h\ VI Sly, Ji oly j_ y j| JJiz^il juwj VUi^JI <*j£*«M 0' »
J^-ar 01 v~ V VUV1 otyll U <JWl e i* Ji, j j^j LX ^ r 1 r>!uL A ^j eUi
JjW 01 v*- V V'jiVl i.j&JI 1 < >T ^ jl • • SijUl y-L-1 Jc 0>J ol
yl a^^. t ^ Vj <Jtl4l.« l^-^Li J Jiaxi- j1 sly J i^L. U^ ^i; D |
J
V?^ V <Jlj .; oLill ^U U«J1 plill Sly ^U eJLi ol jl <UJ1 eL. j*. tfjtf
n ■
A
— *x^iu ^U^yi u« V • • j • L^U olyj, J olj^iJI j\ oblyw,Vt ^U^l
f Ut »1 v * ? _. UU«j«j U*-jj 0^. lS^I ^jVl l^j v y ^ eUij « siUi
r
V y ^-b -iy L. Jl jjLj jJUI _^V1 V^^JI <IjaJI j Oi^J^' ■> J 5 " d 1 -"*-*
f
• ( >A^-\ _ NAoV ) (') r >Jl
U"J^J V- 0- V 1 ^' *Mlj LiUwy. 0^ <1-2»UJ1 ^jVl Jw, U^i yul (\)
* r-^ v^ J^ cs> ! *♦»■ 0-
to
> 5jui» YU* 6lT eUiJj c *j31 ^lc S.^jL^tj oj*1'J q\j£> <*yi- : J»-ar <>
O^o^A-oJLii. JJJUj ♦■■0) U** wilUxll Jl J~jj JU^n jSLiliw^Jl olkUJl
f4^U
'4*
u-jLi
a <Jkj ^ijijlJ O^
i
J1 col jjXll -U5C *^ll ^UUx> Li l^xcl £aj • ^j jWi| ^ SjjU* *U5wL» £**-*? oV
o^l oU^C» o^i sajJUi i-JL-jj v*^^ pJtf-s-uJ i-Jtk^l i^^jC^Jl cJtf" ^f
-U^-« cu^,>^ v_ii ^* i( y: i3-^ ^^ ^^ 1 ( N )
**v
S"*i u — *J
* .*+ . -■
m js cjit
r^ 1 v
: jc ^^ jUiVJ U* o^j IAo"\ >1j1 J .UAH Jl ^ ^"It^t jUUVI -i>J ;
4,1 ob < Uj_^1 j Ulk- o^J ' j^jj pjusj sly, ^ ijl^vi ol^Jl kjU-JI
* - -
\
L*U J^-/ UUwj, ^J J^o- oi y« I,*. iJl^l <bU»
*! <i' J J-W 0^" J* WU»_rr l J"" V-J u ¥^. *V»l*- ^
r I
V
. <
J\ rf 1
. t> j 3-iU^I SjLLJ! J jj^.y, ^^ ^yji oJ A4I o*j
JIW Jl J>^jJL> V'jd^ <«y^ £*-o* V J-j^l *A* cJLT
< V ti^' <*j&J\ \+J j^ cJW ^sM OjJI oLLoJl ^JU J|j . \ A o"\
< ^ J u^^t jUai^Vl oLkUj
i
• <miZ\ V l ^^ J, »>«*" ^^^ OIT (N)
iU
&je~i.\ jii\ — i^Sji J* jU^v\ ^^j u>! v'je^ ^j&jv -*^" v ^j
t>
« m
J
3 C*JL*
b— i3>an J ^jUw--Vl WIm.tIVjqVU^ j.Lj*lk»jj ^ £^>UU
0^ jajll ^Udl 61 orf'U* ^ » ^ VUV1 *U1 J1 W V.j^
vt
ji~->i
VlrfVl .Ul J V.j^ 1 ^>JI <~<UJ1 a* cJbj « Ub" J.1[) U Uill^u, Uj
«
U«^i j*U1 Ua>j coii j A5 ^jli uj&"*iUX * U>ll)j1 o *J1
i
f >)i v
J L^j^ o^ L4JI SacL41 -*i ■•W ot -a* Sj^U: oJlT V^-> o'
^Ss dUA l^U ^jli <J c^j &H JjM\ U* <> <kja* 4-jUu]1 ^^1 oolT
iljoM <j cu*5 j ^JLU ojUI <> - Jr^ U^J - ouLr.-ot JijX cJlT ^aJl u»l^ ^j^
* f j2U v^ ^r^' l * JlXS - V*-^
u^ v
i^tjl L~«J S>/ oblJux-^1 co_^1 -^.t/^jiVl v '^ 1 J u
»:
olj^JiJ\ O^jj^j 6 ^^^ ^ ^-r** 1 . <J>^-*J jt <otfaj^Jt O^^l CU^Vk^^l
cJLb-j ( \A*V j^T _ ^jU n ) »
1 oJU^l j! ( \A°V je.^ ) J V-^'
1>b^\j LUj ♦ (j^^J»H^ — <t*^»J Jf — cAi j** oW*/ <j *UA*H <LjUsu_jJl ci»\^aJ1
0J*jL'V J*VVHo1 u
-Mj viUiT ^O) 1JL* »^j • Vj*"^ ^>r*-^ u^ <-r*o*H 0^
-j
1 <Lo^C>- Jfl 1 l^* Us j ^.-^ t^-^b' y^ Vj^' U^ U^J*^* U 1 ^. (**
-^J-T^ J>r* Ljf^ 0^^* ^»_^- f-^J^ U-»Mj ^ <Jliaj^J^
\
t*
T
r
»■' j-Wl.i*!^.
Cr^ 1 ft t>,j ^ax
J 4i iOi^JI Sj^l cJ^
tit
* <?.41«M ijjUJ £_>xi] V-jUJt V^iJl
■ J
4 +
: 4. J
U^ jj-u-dt j^u ^ ^ ^ 0Ulj ^^ ^
<j* J u^V
,J;lb r >L«<.li1
I ^1 c l^, jju,^ t JM ^ ^ j^ j ^^ olj - ^
e-* oUiU ljUjj) ^aj, ^i^vi uu ,n.
U*
t *w j^ ^Uii jr ^ ;v ^ VUvl o ,^
U***Jl
D^'Uit ^ S.UJ, J ^ ^ ^ ^ oU , ^^^ ^^
^'^ J J^ V r-^j oU«Jiiiij s^ jiu^u
«-j|y*Vb
■ 1
«
jUJi v ^iijVl <> <e.jJ^-vi oi^i ^u^-i
*fc
-ioL^xS
• <~jUJP_ Vlk-^JJ <_L>.aJ! oGWI S^
VI oUj^ll ^ ^ 04cUrf < S^ UI
J=j>i oJuU iUsj
* O'jil J Vlk, ,J|
+ 1
v.->t
^Uvi
-^
J^YI a, ^c
t>k)l| -ialai. OJL. JUi
<^J * ^JjjVl JjuJlj l^-lj^ L*L
£
Y
V
r
t
^.
J' UiX>» j~ «> ^4~ J^ a- jU^I Jc Julius de Rauter ^ jj ^
CSJJ"
^J-iTjJ^Vl J^»
^■-i LUj i**^! <>^Uoxj
.41
i>
r
^o ^lto_5 • ^
A
O^ ^^ 0\jil <^>o- J <>A)0^
( V>L-VI y ^;-Jl_ y<\ . )
-:
^
j
\T
to
*+*
«iUi
t^J
*l
i5jJ>Jl JpL^r
O"
iLar
ar
^i^ j V.-jjjVi Jjk^j
V.JJJ^ Oji^l »_** J 0-oU &■* (J
;
Ji
■Ui~W JiUdlj J^uM jui, a^41 ^
** *
<atj
of
• • •
r-i~i
_ .■
a
J.
i
i:
j :■ -
' l
1
1
■i
. i
4
3
:i !
*•
«
^jiHTj *Jf
^-J — a] ^jjJI (jJUw^JI (»~-&Jl,j
\
1
.- »
K- ■"
<T ^
u .-,
-.1
$
r
L
r "
£
i
!■ 1 -
r i
H ■
r s
r.
v
jh
: s
1 .
■ v
1
i ;.
r ' r I
.s ; ■ i /■
f i i :
■ i.
$.
?■
L J
? ■ 1
I
i ■ ^
[if-
! ! \
1 ' ^
"■ i >
i
;i ■■ ■
v -. r
i i
i J f ■
i a
■■ -
L i
I
' : I
I
' ' .- !
"l '-.: i
\ ■ ■
i v . J
? ■_ . , i
VUJjI ^j 14^^, _ .uU. oi v^-Vl jiUl ol; V--L~J> 0>^dl>. Oj^^lt
VI v _^l j j^L^y! ( ^^\ ^Uj j^
<CJ^U «
frt
<J c*^- 31 u^^l ■SLJ>'^-1 c^U, _^ix ^Ldl ojilt ,> yJlill wjLu*dl ^ii
v~ \a°v »jy v u*i J J>ii \->>^' co^^t ii JU4]
' ( NAVA ) 6^^. ^"> Ja* V.JJjVl ol~~Jidl JLi^e c
1 4-JL-UI1 <)>l!!j
• 4
il a
H * **
1>A
<W», ^^^".j t>J^ o1a*U1 6-" <l
^J
< ^. UJ -°J ^J^' *lj-< l> i
iUu
iy.
**
jJl XJjj Ulki^. c^ilj t ^^J| ^>U1 Vk 0^ <^L-ij ^.J>^-VI
& JJ C ^*i^ ' ^i-r^ J J^fl^J dli^j lp H U> OaJ' 0^ Cui^j
r
i j& j UILj^ oi*i Lib. ^ jXj Uy cJ*i j L^k>-Li
^^^il jL^^Vt ^ oa^Ij V-'V ^^ M->^1 jfJt)»JI <> Cr^-^1 jl f^-VJ
* Ui^t Ja*- _jj v ^£ J <^^L-Vl V _j*^J^ J\ jU*ijJ\ 3
V^^Jl v 1 -^ 1 i5^' wi*JJ? U* V L^1 t > :; J M 41 ^;^Uall u Jx*> io*> 0' uLC*
a
^
■ ■ ! ■'
ptj ^a-^JI j|^) (j.-LJx^VI oj^ ^jh^^JI j>*b |-IX>JI j)jLx^.tj< ^j *JLr ^
j*
IUJI uUI .tul (\)
* V
J
■ 1 fc
: i I ;
■ 1
-t*v
us
41
4 *.
<U J^_ V < L.iL-1 UL^u. ^UiYl ^jjl JU^
^ j ^ji) v> j| a ^ -l - j J-^i!1 O olT, « J.Vl ,1,.*....
fr
^1 .UU oJ.y > ^
Lxj
UiU J^L^I ^a^JI *bf
^ J^l^ll >* a^i ^U41 ^i jt J L^1 J* ^_^ ^j j,
Lft.JLA--i.ld
*+
L*jiaV
uSJI UL
■*Jl *> *•>>
j** J «V.j_^jji v^j
J*ij7 i5Ji-**J
1
r i
u 1 -*>_>»
• »U ^4)1 _^U oJiji ir L, U*j . _ rA j| li _ >iU ^
S>iJ1 oVU~ Jj V-L~JIJ V^Vb ^LwasiVI <*ull oVV j <i-u
; : I
u*M j ^UiVl OiJJ^ JL«r '^^j jljwu-l o^ uHai .LAll \f f ^ ^, U^j
6^—^ ^•i^rji JJis— ^Uj j^^iil Jk L^)\ JUj LJ ^. u^j • U^j c ^L^iU
4fl
j c ^UJ^ Jc
£00
L-AiVl ^.aM JU>- j> ic .LAI1 f > U«Jj • JUju*. o_>&i o^ JJJ1 ^^V
Jk
J *
(J-"
<jfc~ iS^ J^JL* uiAlV JL^- ^. (Jj fi oU^Jl -d o^aj. L» ^\ JU^ ^
c**-J)db :s1j^
^yi
-Jui il^^xU ^»;...^ j>^UI cJlTj * Oi-^' £U~>1 J* J^Vt ol^U cJL*j
£j,j oiLi < .aiUi (> ojjki ^^x) ^& ^ J UiVl ^.jJII JU>- V^ JC^ 0) ^jli
* ■ i
■i
i
lt.:-,;j * L^UUw- JC«j V ^iLi>. O^l I4JO j * JLI^ij jl wiju*iu ai < ^xJl (j^L^l
+
fa It I
Z ■■
*«
<^*
14
h i
* ^A^Y jiiT / ^jU J jy j^ i)l^ JJij ^L^-j jUiVl J^ J^. o^ J^»
p - l - : '
l*-\
-L-dVl oUjVl ^ 1 ^ ialj^ij'C^j,, jj^, -^ ^ u ^
4 Wt* t
14
L«- <-jt yiliiVl ^oi) ju^ oUU ^^ ^ . ^ i^ Lj _j
L— Ijlj jUrfJt l«J ^^ *j
>i~<illj < — Jl j-wiJ
*l,
'■ *
<JlTcJ
0>^^ ^iJl ^ < >;Uimij
44
«
** 4 *
Kx^Vl
Jill j£ S^y
^xJ
1JL*
J-U)
■L
c *\
ti
-VI
,*j
>LkL" — a5^-o>J
ill *u* 5
Ix
tl
^J> < Ojjj
*+
c 1
i
■l*All Ol^
t*
Aril>3
O^ f4*JLa, <oA;U Ojl*^ 1_<J| jl>.
*■
" * *
Vl
II
i^J « JtfUl JJiu^ jc S_,^ _^LbJ| juftl
UsJU
"^ V-U-Jlj ^^erVl oL_3H l 4a u^l obi J^l ' •, J3U , ; v , ^
^' J ^ JJ aLAM ^V ^-» ' ^ ^ SjjiH ^ ~ oj^. \*.JL jJUx!
,UJ
•^ cijjill 4^sM J-oijjc <> L.^,1 ju ^^ . JiU
U-
^L!l£dl ^b i«iU liily j3 U1 jU Jl SJb_aJ\ oLdl o^Uj
U-L— i
+1
■a^c j ^iLH <iu v lx£)1 a>.l LJ J>ua ,
^^a-AaJ ^.^ju-JXJ
i> u-Ul u*» JjU* JU*
))
J^Ull
*4
/~> <Cj y, <cU^
4*
3l*~i J JjUl ojIj ^^
\AVT
SAV-
u^ >~""_5
1
J( *UJI ^L^lj ( oLMll)
-Jill
«*
#*
VI .jJliiVl juau ,>T yilji! J^j ^L-j,, bo,^ <_^ oU Jl J*^
r* ^''J ' ^J^» o>ll» ^f>»1 1^*^ jb^( ,VJ* at 1-i* ^*-
i_r
J (N)
' L ; >oi^J| J\jy»1 OJ^^ \ji\f
1 " J .\
I
I i
* I
"J
*
i 1
l4
1;
: *
si
5!
1
j.
f:
0»jil ojU- oa^ Jj • 0) cUUl oiJdl.^ .juj Jyj ( \AV\ )
* ^— J jj Lj Uu ^ <>. ,> j^ij I aic i.
>>J u^/J j— \y J&. J^' cS^Il Jij — U1 ^ j |^| ojL loJC^j
J' < L^.JJJ
U1 JM^-VJ!
U JbUl J* t yj J\ ^^ ( Vj4) j
uS^
ArfLL
* Jl U|_^_ ^j J\ (j ^ J _ j^ui viUi . ^ j^ _ , , cjir
,> ^>» s> — - ^ «i«i d> juj\ ir, • ^u ^bdi o^ji j* ^ lii.r. ^l^ji
dl \> ^^d) <AJ! ^UUb oiVl oKi < ^ja!1 JUj jLT, J,*J\j UOJ|
fi jl a,*|>Jb 4^ ^1 ^ ^- 5^ ^'ki J) &$ ljSUi o* '■LA, ^^ J\
* ^iMjiVI v«^Jl J-Ja^. ^ jUJi
yAi l^*Lo[ oljj! JiU
,>1 ^ -u.^ JU-^j .L411 <£L- JJJ.B J__J1 ^ i.-U^vl cJlf
,^dl <JL
r ?
>1
+*
A-A *— O
ilS* < ol
>
u^*^. °^ ui-^i j^L» ^^^° j^ (ii <• ^A^^
i_?
• *
<k^ -uJ J ^1 &* Jjl aic \A«\V J cfij , Lv'Lij^^ ^ ^Ji j,,ji- <JjjJ|
oJlyj • ^
I
• a- c«ii Ji ^A^l JUjj j^l oL> o^ (J «=J j\\
U-uJU
A
^ J
■■ 4
^^>- J J uilj <k..,*.|_^
o-jj ^b t> Liy ^jUill ^,^>J| o-uc \^
• *
^"^ * cr- 1 ^ 1 ^J^^ <^J ^y ^j Banquede Grots de Perse
dJ
LT-J^. ^-^
J t
\«\-Y-NA^o-^(N)
,.^H
i*A
o)j>) ^jL^J^oo 1 *
>Jd l-J_J
* ** tt
I \* 1 j* r Kji • -j. . , ^^ill JU—V1 <~jui
■^"ji *itj J^ -t^viJ^ Vi* ^j>-j • 5 ^ J ' 0^ ^ fj * J"-* ui**" ^1-*— ^ j»»*H ^H*-
H J
Jaii ^^LJI ob^Lox5U V JaJjA*i! ^»wum <u»j£>- JU-jj oL£ JjaII ^jaIL* O^ ***
u\j J**L~.I O^oiJl ^> Jf Uc o^ i5*i>» d?y— U ^ c> W**^L> j J»
i l
il
u
v -;■
fi
4
■i
'■'d
■ i
t •-*
* •?
objl
**
«»» c> u-Jj» -^^ 0- L^ uH V-Jj» cA^' ^ <**! -&
^j^i cj^j -u^ ^> <*iji u*r J v-a^I oj>jji ^j*^ «^j < ,a **r
VU^^**" »^
\V o _ WV oe. Sjull J>U- ^U ,>: \J\LijJ\
■ lal^.Vr V ul U*ll ^-^jJl) jj^Vl p*t <> Ol cS^ V'^.^ 1 <*j£>Jl Coif j * \-?~"jJJ
^.L^Jlj *4.j^l V^^r 11 ^JL^alb j^l <j>Jb' V l^c-j Vj^' ^L-^
y-a
K i -^r
i
i!L_-Lib oilf ^j o*-ji^ J u^^^l ^J^>r a, aif^ uri ^**I«-^VJ t*u \aiC*
« ^ ^J>JV1 Ul l>^ uA^. *>. J » ^ c^jJ 1 O^J < 0\j) c> a-jj'
bJlf UUw,^j U-jj ol ^i^Jlj * ^IkjjJ o\j>„\ ^JUa* \U*J VI o'j?.' J ^*-'W
.1Ui1
J** yU"„J>. C^-^lj 4-^b_J1 „.bs cJJuj \\ • -U. J&j i b ji>. ,^-jjll
JL^Jl -X^Jl ^j^ji ^ l, lil Uiji; <**,- ^.^1 _i^Jl ^_ | j bjL ^
C~.
• ptfja^ oau otjJ.I
U-
-L
^Jl <*_,£>.., ^jUJIj vjxJI o'bUj J JkVV! o>-=*11 U£e eUif
o'o-
-^
«J>o £>L» ^ Wj./" ol^SIl J^-
*!->•" E^I'J Vj-11 J*A) ( »^41 ) Jbuwyi <J^ ^11 ^jj 6 Jl^ J_^j
"^ J 1 u*- J J I J_jJ*~<Vl <> ^ki J_j~*j oVU^I i^ljaj 3^'V
^
viUOT
3^
kai
e^Ji
^ J' J-aT 0' Jl <*^>- 4toi- 4j,^vaJU\ l^-jj <*_>£>■ oJl5" -Ul
bl
1
^ • V-Jj" <—l-—H «-iU»1 ,> L-*Jj Liju. 6lT Li* 01 1j>- 4-i iljJLail _^Vli
JU-4J1 ^jU -^J Je bji'jk^ f ijjjjr ^jf U^jj \ y> ,ui jjlj. v ^ y v ,
JU^V! So^Jl V-U^J1 olkkMl .Ijj J=LkxJiVl OJ^ *J*-1 o* J^' Ol v~> J^
J
J <?UljJ1 V-L_J1 oljjUl > Jiib jjl J^ ^
*t
;ir
4
Ul
j
' l/.J^\ £lM^\ ^k^ Jj ^jb) .y^o;.
< OijQI J I JL_^]1 j. jjjj,. _k^ ^ i^^ obj> i)b^ cJlT ^Jj
I I
J « v L^l ^ d)i o^J t-*-^ 1 '"^ i> sUA;i)1 0>1^. j*U»"VP 0^ JWbj
1^
S
i\
r
J >¥1 j* 01VJ v>^ tr^. 4 1 J 1 <^>- - M^i^. >" J - ^.4^1 v45LJ|
L_
4*
<jj <**-j
la, us Li Ul- coif, • JL* ^Jb ^ l^uk^ ^ oU Vl r U Uyi, 1^1 v l
«>ic1j s_iS jH r ^>. _ 4^1 j ail! v-JL- _ Lord Curzon ojjjf ^j>l)l tftij
r McVl S j ^1 ox^ij • <~=U **-« ^jii J^-I^w j <*!* aLu*. j>jjft ^JWl
Ulk>
* °^j!) J ijjLdJ L-^jjj LiUaj #| jj ^ J5" /»L*^I 5^.L*J <L>oJL< dU3
» jj^Vl <JI oj^kj' U juS - j* Jl Jy:^. jlLH u 5ai1 ^1 i eLi Vj
U Jl *J*
j J li_^, j_^Vb Ij^^uj. oLi a )-dl _^U uW -uli ' o 1 ^.^ J
iij^. jLTj < i; ^iL. JL-j lT oii , <JU cJLf ^1 JUl ^MiVl > ^' iL;L;l :
J ColT, ♦ ^yVl J*--. J 4JU1 3MJ1 jJL*. j\Jl*1 J* i Sj^A\ ^ Jt. <JjoJ\
n\
\S *iVjJ*i/U o\ i~r <■ ^.UU Wlj oUV^' r ^- fU *I^V5
,> S^iT ^1U ^J -. Wl^ i»lSj OJ^ - i-fcT. <^> ^ wlUi ■**! «>• ^b
oUj^iii j jiw j ^jb >v jji — w oir ur < ji>.Vi j-* . j JiA^y ju^
SjjI
t*
-^JVl
JuiL-axSyt ^j 31 jaSi ^ *!W jU5*j * AJLiLdt Ui^M <JU— lyi cJlTj
c.UxJi
iJI ^ <j*u objx**u» (J* lytf iWil jLTj <ud»yi -UU-^ljIl DOib'^j
i)^Uj *by1 |Jt** y* ya~*j ^ail ^ o^" i5jS' ^ J-&N o' U5" t ^L-axWt
* il^ 6^
<
SjjuJill 4*jVt *A* jj. j»3 U-^j * *>U- oU->> yi 4,^^.4^ -iUKj £.^01 (j.11 oil
o
4*
* V^J <U o^^ii (\)
'\
■■'&w,^& w ^,>w'*y
J*>1 1-
1
{
i
nv
<*M CxlJ^^ V-^-Vl *V> i-JL- jt v^ViM £« <Jc >«J1 ^. j»* ,_, «„iJ |j
4IWI
\j .J\
ir'J 1 ' iy>* °
d\jjI
M
J»-o^JIJ1
f
i)L-u> ^j < u^jU oUU l*> ;ii <jj^ <^>L-*1 JUci iJLut, oJtf* <UU
|J-JU ,> Sjjtf 'oJlT ^ ^ V>^Vt AL.LAJI gjUU A* Ji, o' ^j
oUiU>V1 ol ii
M
C\^Xtf Jtf '•Ljy, ji
w w
p
< V-ull <01_^1 ,> *-— &3I ili'i J ^iljl ,^1 0- <=»^ ->*^ < ^jUI
tf
1 :
<s°J
A
*4
^yl ^ ^ ( ^axij < I >• : > L - ,^ ^ , j*'UaH liUs- v ojit jiji cJjii jt \jSL*j
o^LoU o^ J*** j « cy'UVI t>^ ^—Jl JiJJU l^L- b^ ^A* Jilit
■ .
[
h '
}
i r
) K
; ■ *
Mi'V Alak^ ^^ J «JjOll ^1 <-Jt «U~i>' oijJl <j -Ul Jaa-^ji viAJJtf • ^>L41 ,>
^La^- J uWdl -«^ > ^JJ\ jJIjlud- ^jJixH ^^L-oVl ^&J1 V-?k-^ J* ^-* 6 >aaJ1
* tr-jl
x!l Jx Sj^U ojS <L^j <*+*■ u>,fo tj* »j^U jf. iuail j <>***^^ t^>*
<i
* f UxJVi ^JL^» WJ1 Jj^J\ 0- <1UJ Vj <J o^v. Vj
] ■■
1% , ^-h.*,v*T^\^ 1 *- , _-* "***** -f«-'
Hi
L~. cot., • ^jS^i) jt LJ1 oLi^- U.U i)^. ,> Jf J* ilLjl
u* «>
'oJ-i ol.Jt jM' •*-* .»>-» *Mj wiull uJLIt £ ; JUJ
a-tUl objii) dUsl ^1 JU-; *cy v^w 45>M ^ o,ljy <ail D L^J
f— i J ) £j^' J^-Vl oUj < -wLUrj f+J*,, .p^acSj . <iliall UU| 3i.l,...|
u^ ) JliU
4> Jf O^J ' f^. JjVl <-jV» O^J i <*-iL-»V1 oljlJiJl u^-i >U-1j ( 4jj4ll
♦L-41 o^ L~> i ol-u^Jl l ^ Jl ( ijjaJi ^),ULx, i^l <5>JI jui
1 j i "■ '
■t
•LAM Ijj-U- ^1 J| ^J. j \ji\s Uusj • « ^ )) J| 0\j& IjjjU o' (Hi^V
Will ^aJ IjS \iij> <JLC y^-L*. J4^>«ll ] &^. )j^. oju^JI II* olTj * ^>iU1
• oiUl ^jIj>- oLill 0^ <>_j5 ^>- ^^Ci' Jl 1-L*
J 6 OJ-r-i ^'^ ui-iJl J^lj ( aJjoII ^ ) ^ oUjVl o^^l o^ Jj
sdL.141 I
I
J\
JUUC
+4
j-b • -LAM Jc ol^Jl JS« o^^l l^'^j cuj • o^^ J <^..jJ\
■ i
n
al
LoVI Jl Uojw.
ojit eyir j, < ^^ojt v>n *-u oj* i <>^ ^ -^ 3^'vi ^ <J j
i
^1 lj\LJ\ eU; oi L ^.<:UJ1 t^^ 1 OseU^ <> *> jUJ1 ■ 3, - u ^ ^ v*^ J
ls\SL
* ■*
I
J
I ■.
J V^l 5 ^ 0^. uU> Jj! «l*ill JO^I o^. j ..yUa^JI u -i-Ji Ji41
ii
r
: i"
( *u-:>u-vi V j*-^Ji — v* )
* i
i
*v\
• Oj-J4*>41
VI
jl MSJl
V
i
\
. A
j>
M
44
' iW 11
j*J1 yU-,1
V
V
V
* 0^4^ oLbWVl ,1*1 ^ »LAM iJ»- ur
^»«J1j jL^x^V! J J*J| <l 0l»< J*l*xH yJWl 1JL* oL^L^-1 „LiJl
■. i
* Jj*4l ijL- jt-^tf <^z>- oUl W*i jj
^WU-^j^-UI ffcj) <L> *U ^ ^l J-^-UUJl 6L.>J1 1.U
J
il 0-* r *Jt^ V U^V1 J*. 4 <>. 01
i »UJJt -u J Sj^jI oy^r- v-^4*
I
A»
^iUJLij t oLu^p&dl jU
-si Js* oO^ J ^y oU£JI plS* < ^^1 <^U {jAJ
: oij>JLr~ijU\£jj/i\ J >L
oU^u **~~yi oO j^l w Y ( jjj ^^j ) jjtf A J> _ J (> ^ ^ B
i
J*
=■;■-
\
<*j£_»JV,
* t
<?
oo
J
iJUlj A.J jjUJIj i \j\tf\ jjl^l ^ ^ UV ^^ i;Uiw| ^j^ ^
*lSj
J ■■
i>jUj ^it^Ji ^J^l U>ua» ^xJ\ ^'tj^l a o*
' 0) « r *
lit <IU
-p*-AJ
an
.-^^
JUll
<-^iUi jjijai ^ jx jUj ^i^, jc«j lu. 4JJL41 i lou^i jj
^a^Vl gjJzJi,
4*
M
44
** *4
f * — * J 1 ^-« <^_p i^iL jS j)U
'>>& (J
uj» ^ jijdi <*jl j iyir ^ji
• <~.j\x\ **j\ J Sjju*. <a *u*i ^ ^x*. i
*■ «•
A*JI
JJ
1
^ jUdl-j- cJ^l ^Jj j ^_,Uz, -,-Ut JUj t j..* d«Jir
e- ^udi v-M ^i—tjt eJUx. w a _ ^ j,^, 0JJ
p i •*■> I 'JM*^^'
*' <-»'ji' J'4.>jU*^Yl i-^Vl o.L
■ * *
)U.
J
1
It
i ft
jwu 5_/i VI jjwjJI <*Jy u«j ^uJl _^iJL.
UJ1
-Gl
,>^1 4.Jc -i^il L5" aii-
• <^JL; *,j^ ^LjusJJ ^j^s cUxi| ^^ ^^
• ^i^ Sj^ ii.^, j ^^i <, JJiw)A n.
^.LJI ^^J^ll JJ,*- Jj, ^ U«lj (t 5>i <_^> <,| j v .*. j olkLJ) ^\S- -S ,,.
<t
<*-)L-Yl ^>XJ1 ^^,.(\)
HA
i:C S j UAJ* ^.jjX^aII <5^>J! Jfj oU^JV^ ,Uii!! ^oj bj <i j^aJ) *UJ| Ji_,
' ( U'V ) y-jli r L^il ^,Ua| l/UujJI ^jJI JU^Ii
I
h
.■
.1
ft*
iW
' J-'V * J^AXJI (^C-i-* J 4^uJ^ill iwjUw^Jl CjU^UH J**^ ^""*J->J
^* i lS^I (JjLi^JI ^°*J^ ^J^- £* O-UC jl JU-* <-tfU- <JllwjJ| 4j»j£>J\ «U^CJ*
.£*
oJil
r ■
■ Utf -kr^ ^J-M ^
~J>J1 '^jS^\ c*>\i < tfjjll JUjIb j^c Ui Uliu^
*;
I r
J
.o.'.> u* c^J u J W^^ **U' J^ 1 ^ 1 ^..^ J* V-J^'J V^.^ 1 0^-^*
^^ j' b^^-*-^ V.JJjV^ Jj-^^ ^ lS,^"- u^ a^" ^ W*V ^°b: AjL^lj
^.^
<L»>bj oLJJ^ j Vj <^^»Vl jjill J W^' c-^' v v^-^^ ^^'
1 1
;ir <i^
»*
i^r
a-uJ & *,
**
J lS
Jti*tjJ\ &J\ JlijJl ,Ut <uj cJl5* jJLll 00 ^11 J XJjjlM 4*. j** <iUU LLiSJ\
SiU
«J1 oi^c All ♦ oMji^J -S^j-JJ! J»L-*_*Yt J <ij^ c^^^l Ji ^j^l
1
j^LJI oUjVI lijfc ♦ ol^ J ^Ulki^Jt ijU^JIj ^^^uidl ^ oj 1 -*^. S^ ofei^l
ojiy <~J j ^^j < t ^oj_ ? ^^A!i jui oUA\ uju ji .-gjij 0^ U^Ua* ^ (ji iiy
• ^jU J*A^1 ^ ^^ixU ^jAll ^ ^J}
coif ^1 <UU!t <^U^J1 y p3>- j^ *~-k^l *JyA\ J A-^-iJl 1^ o^ *j o-o
r*
jUUjI
4 *
I jJ*Jtf ol U* ^ ^Jj ♦ ^jjb jJ*JVI J; ^ o^.l J JJtf
Jl j^'Vl ^ Jill y> hjjp *-° a*"-" 1 c> ->^ b . ^V 1 vr*^ < V^^r 11
JJ
Uul
•* l_ t*
) ^j^mJj ^>U^ J <Ljt»LJl <uju»Ji\ V ^*J\ cJU^ t -J^^ll
4JU41 o' '.Sjkj-yJ^ pkJI J *iAU1 o^>- c> Jf>" oJtf 1«jV aUsJI vo'U^ cu^j
^*-oU jl J^ JJJJj C *%}\ ije <jUaJ (J Jl oja.;^!^ J1>6XU fc-wJU*!
.*-«l ,3 *>e^>
J-7
i +
<>
iJ^
-t-*J
jlH
5 j 5 JJj LuiUaj^* C^iijj C O^. 1 J &j-$> jd\ ^' o° ^^ j3^ *1?^J. °^
J"
eUjs l^J ^"j- l^Jf. pUJiaIJ l4LLU«1j l^j-^r ^^.„H ^^-^> ^ Jj * Ujlj? W.A.1.C3,
*^j^^oJ| JC>Jb «UUaji (^l^c JUs-1 <^UjJ A^IjjJI ^j^l Ou»lS LaiX _ r w2j 3 J >Li
v«
* *^*JizH Uj& ijlj^Z*--^ ^C Ltojrvj'b"
■^^v*v^^i^*tfrF.^ ^i Y
+*v&toH^
st^'Si. :i .mvi^^ ■ .^v.^/^^V-^ ^^^j^r^.^-a^^- ■-■■'
-H#Jn *.«,-
(V
U^iJI <-ai oUull cJj^rua . VUV! <J]jA\ >jj^\ ^ jia4l ob>J4
Jl eUU=j, i OUjj .LAM ^ly ^xJI o*-«H 4«1 ^ *_U oJlT.
^L^l «J*
JiU^VI <iU ,> ^U\ U^, -,011 3, ,L^u
J
V*
•L&M ^LsJI ^Ij
l&ll
• A.
^jJi
**
<*J
frfr
^.-r* ^ W A^- C <^J=>jJl VjpJl V-p^J V'>" ^^' ot oU_iJ\ U>.j dllJJj
W^> STj?- Jl ol^ltUj < Aj.jy^uJI -uioUl Jtj^ *~sy)\ L^-d ojSj V ^ap*
4T
#4
ji
1 3 J
ii .■
i rJ"
i u^ j j^\j ur 4i i j\
~>
^. ^ 0J-^*ji oLill jjL^Um^> ^Ifj * o-U
_5 a «uJj I4JI jlmU*j »j5 aij&j Ifr^otj 4*J?^d -Wj^aJI IaUsxI U^C->*c *u^L J\
Vb VM ^^ Ji>^ *
<Jllu^Jl ftjli^Jl 61 j <^>^- < o.Uill
T>
-^j»j
J £j oJl^ j^l <^-jJ\ ,y^>^^ 4J)L* (J_^j c ^^ V„r^ oLAlt a^cu-l
^iL-aJ j>Jj JJUzll _j>«j J^l S ^» >w*j J>«Vl oIjj O^^ 3 J <^_>H ^*j>J' w^^ual
cv\
J-i>ir ju4\ _ l^ii-.^
u* J
i <**? j*- °*'jj J^j < v-» "J »Ljji iJbu, Ji - U» JS./JJI -jy"jSL*n
J*—*i <*M ^V1 IjJc s^^Jl ( ^ J -f ^-yi ^U ji a LiJl ^u ^| ^ ^
J Jj-ij) '
(j^U^ell A^ **s> jX^^jX oju
A
>J^LUx)! tjJsjdl -Ui »_jJiJl f.As^iw ji ^Vl hip
VI ^ja- _a£ ULT <* ^-iWI ujuiijll ol £«j JjUSJb <>^ J S^iM .0* o-Ulj
U
b I
*jlj 4 Ujjijj U" <kiJ1 .LuUi Jl LU^. Jaii ldx>*_ V <^jjl oljill
• i+l. Siii^. je j^^ji u* yt juai j djs-Si ^ ^ v-^ 1 oi^ai alia
<>*>
»L£j| Uj c
*tyj>£\ L^i^ C U«J1 ^ i^jjl Sjli_J| ^U^,l J ,.,,, n o\
.^Jljlijllol
• Os'j 1 * — ^ <y J 5 " «-v.y
0-P <ij>^-^1 oUjVl _ r6 i-J 61 ^Um^J» - &»jj\ Cx*^ **J"» u- olT jui
£Vt
-j ^-A^. /o^ji>-Jji j-^AirS ,iiiu oUJi j^ jr^^ji oUuji
^ol^ <J^ <L^o ^Ldl ^1 ^j J1 ljU'l ^jjh J^H^ 6i*>»
I
*AIVjl J> -J.,u) >
'C ,j*jjjx-*»all -ui <JUj*> J Lull o>**^^ ^«>M <J ujoJjj 1^15" ^oJl ^jji v°'Ur
AjJ 1 J <Ak^a ^J £ Jl
*
JA\
ls^ ] ti ^-O 5 J' *va jjjj» / oU> J^j' J
*4
1^1 ^j i ( '<^^S\ ) olkLJl Jk: Sa^xU <~1*J\ ^W 1 U^Wi^J U>U^~» Jt
I J^J. f 1 ^ <*U1 OJ> ,> 0^ J 1^jIa*-j V^j^ **jk->*
I
an oiia
o-Jj-^ •■* ji 0^ i5^JI o^Vt o^' J -5—" 1 ^-^ V^.^ <\^ ^j
<,ol^ J^L2J» la* jiW U-u^^ 0) v-J>.U ^-jjl J*.Ud1 Jl olj^ ^ -^^
Liakhoff
(N)
*&&&$. W-
>
■JfV-* i
j
-T :
i -.
^vv
4*
i^r,
I *
P 3
si
I
.'I !
.1
ii
■■.-
j *
>
■
i
I
<•
1 J O 15 " 5 j&M ^' J <^j < ^^ t^j-> <^>- « ^>y » ot u^'jiVV:
^ibj^ ^i * aJUc! ^c <J^L^» c^J *L*^j^l ^fl^^SC^li jUJbj < <I J^xj j oLdl
(J ^jJULaJl (J^J^l JeL-JaJi 0"* OjJi-J *-J_ft>-LJ c.
4
oVUxcVl V^ colji i 0^.j>^**n a-J> ii^oJl oUxll ^L-l
+ ♦
AJ^J UhpJ
»*
J*'
:^\j
* 0^-^ J -i*w-all jja** C*iUb < V^' <0*N *b>xj ^j.
olU
^Jl cJlTj ♦ UU l^*Ar .oajj oUsJl yJU ^> aaa-uJI oUl^Vl oJL*
J.
I
I
\ ■
r
^
fl
r*
^
i 1 t
■ r- . i
y ,
■. j
I
. I
r i i
\ i
F '
i
■ i j
. il
i
■: . .
I ■
olkl «Jl
r.
^
Lttt
4
Jj (04*51^ 0^ t^^ <ijt«rf ol^ i\js.\ J 1j£j^j * i^5CHl Cj\y}\ jlyJl 3^ jail
■e
i
w
co'tf U>jj * <i>-lL SJLftl wj> j*j >j l$;1 i)Uu>. o^LU |>Ui» ^1U1 o^ ^J
JLJUI J &j>Lll eJtf" ^ ji^iH _u* L jjL*c «U-UJ <J%> j^'j *-*->! *L£ll <~*^i
:"JUN ^1 ^o^^i Jii o^J j j^VloJlf
A, 0- c^> jj^Jr ol (^ »i*Ui. S^U! 3*~J» co-tTj < L^i ^W'Vl c ljj1
\
j • oUJ.U 6»j«l» t> a-^ -^ i ^ , -kUxM Oj~^ji J^^ ol
tf
t*
u
^Uill J>.1 <> *UiJ\ Jt J*4*il> ol^y
jjh V^ijt 1 ^ »>r- i^ ,,J, ^
*y»y <ji
y_> ^ j.iL-Jl J j\y^^ Jtyj o-mij j>^^^ **j-Jf oU-A^.
V
Sepidiir
0)
*v«
1 A\ j» U~> o'^t <> 'jly-.»j ^^*- o««'j <- c 5UJJ i^i Ol^t.
~**ij* fjr* -uflj yijJI Jl l iy i\ Jjyi\ e UJ! JjUjiaU vJb- \L*j c
• ^w J s\\\ '<^i^\ «u-u_ A^-u. cjir So^
J«i oW <-^jVi at- j>u 01^1 j^.b ji v^> j>**i\ f-^ oi
**
VV/J' ul^jkJI cJta
i* t iS-sjM Jlijll <U^> U* ^1 U^L" ^jjl
jUJi ^IjVl ,> V^JJ' olj_i)i ^
> ^'U«^J ^— jj 0- J# >y^\ i>Il» cJb <>53j • o>**M <ikuJJ i^db
VI y.u; ol J^ <**-jUJl 4-_jk«Jt ojk-ilj • <uk oo'lT U
ijjlajl aXf> ,j j
14
■All
1 «_
1
-JlL^jJl <>w>^»Jl -"^j < o'ji' J
Wi ^c/ 11 -\^1 <-aij
• j5U» obo.Uod< 3li*V ^LJUJd* u-Wb •jUy oVjU-
*> 5 ->"^ ^^ v> J^/ s>a -uLo 1X^.1 <*/" <*^U ol j*Jb y
^
vl .^ ^r^H^.i^W,^.?^'^.^:^-!^'.
-;.>> r r.^.. . 1,^' >'_ _ _ p - _' f 'WWy-.W.t^
-w™*> l &,.o.+w..^- *:*"?%■:*> -r^m-*-
tY\
< d^L^Vl Uj^ujr ^ ^ui itfil coir -cu*. ot o-^-j < ioUsS Vb <JUI ob>t
UlX*l 4
*t
jj\j vik^i ^jj\^\ ^ jr <> uju-i ^u^. ^j j d > ,>
^'LLu^Jl _ ^^jjl o\jjl) u&l^ U«jJb1
**
^Jl <JL.U1 oloL-ail J ( *5i~Jl
N -, ..V r I
*l
oU»-5L. L«JiU ^a,1j c ^yii «>J>^~H c oUU^-Vl ,> <UL-
14
A
-Gc
4jL ^J^jCl^Je f*U> ^1 ol^t**J] 4^j j oLac *^j aJL*. dJJLT Uj\j Jaii <*^lj
i jL J ^iL" oLic i)LuB ^u 0- >
L_
4
a-r ii-i» ^Vi C ^V1 U* ji, ^> l^l^J ^jji ir
u
U^ lT^
4 I
vJUJl
*• ■ •*
iU^ oJL>
^
4
1
)*
I
■J
£VV
*
I f
k w
I
1
n 4
,> ^3ji^ L. oU, L^jUj-j 4 <*^ V-jJb V^jJ' 0^>JI of
4*
^ V^" J* Wiilj t ^U'' J >— - <J^'!
ul^^>Ji -ju&^JJ ca-JUiV
Jl V~-> IJT^ u^- J, < 4x4^ r lwV 4*j*H VJuaixIl -uvjw f Ult ^.^
^Ux
#*
;ir,<
V^ 1 S ->W ol ^-J L^jJ UVLi^ b.w S/JH <,-u> cJlT
^jjl vikl! I A* ,UJ ulT, « U^UJI jJUl
A A
J^-uM JUxl
t
a
■I :
t~Kt
Vj i 5J J
^4! *£>JI Ijl^r
fc*^»
O^J VU^l Sjljjll ] !*
U-jjj UU-jj. l*.j£». oo'LT jij , . <_i; ^
<^- jUJ ' V^l a-^%> SjUjII t> dli ^y} lyi\ Uir
1
1 -
J
L
- 4
- 3
J
r ■
v.
3
l
* L
" J ^
J
V^jJt o^jShI' y^ <»je>ji ^l^-i jc ^
Li
It J-
U S.,^ y^
<S>Jl .Ucjj j\ j; y\ ,, jjjn ^j^ ^ ^.j^j, ^^ o ^^ ^ _^
L~i 0J> J- jill Ji^j u, J j^ ^j, ^^ ^^ ^ j" ^ J(
jjlj
- i
. * <5»jil JOJaiull^jAU^jc
1*
4
-1,
I
i
- I
-. i
.1
J
j
i
■ j
1 1
Ml:!-
; ! i- : =
'Mr
; ; !■ i
- i
■ ^
> ■
I I
; . -
i ^ i
4 J
¥ .
I - '
t\
: i i
: * !
! I \
\
1
- \ i
J
i r i
j i
■ 1
! i
t i
* *
vi- <> ,^i aiUJ ^^ ,_^, ^-ILu^i f _^j! ^^j^ j j.
O^.fJ
<"'.»» vbivi ^iyvi j ^^^, ^^ fA oir w ^ L; _
ell* IlI < . ^*
*iUi
jrj^
*4
*4
IjLx^Vl
i*
^-U>3
+»
**
i O 1 ^* ^A^c L-^-jj <^j5C>- p|j|
>*^ <j,Uj <L>. V^jLc ^sj.
.f
'■^:™^ W .!^,.^,,.^v:^^^fc !, ;^^5"> L0 -'^'>^^ '
WA
*^J 4 cr-J^ Jitiu-V <•>«** ^jUJl jijj U ^ < UU ,i*awJ\ ^j*. jj
1_> <U>L^ j.^1 ijj^ J*. ^ j^jjl Jjlijil a^oi. u^f ^3i J1 jWJ»l
^•Ua^l M^i\ Uu^ c^J- ^jU £j>j ^u; ii^lUl sk^U o^' U£*j Jja»
JjjJ1 jJI ^4 ^jli SUrji <y^ ^sj Si* ^ jV*1 c> V..^ 1 tj-o*-» *^>r'
,^-jJl Jai^Jl Jl JiL_JI J 0^>^t jlSj (■ <^j\H\ <,jS»J| cu>j -uJ
U--M 1 oi ^j • .ij-A__* oj* U^^ o\j>y Ji^. l. (jsuji ji j^air i ^jUi
-^r
ttL-£dU
m
,<* .-
fl 91
* jMJI ijj,U*j <^ij
«4
* 44
Jii <^ailt 6 0* ^ ^iS^ U
Jfc jOI I yLUsJ 1 yJUH U
4 (J j • *t- jljS ^ ! ^ ^ i| ( u^, JJL , ^ } oWAdl , oU]j4j , ^
!■
-fcU»«H
iU*J! oUJt ^ai ^ aUuM ^ Jj < JjVl <4UI ^\ v> * ^ vi ^1
* Vj »Jl *i* JM^ ^UJ\ Jp ^jU ^i^j <j off ^| ^i V U^ ujj,
1
• * *
T 4
I
I
*
i !.
Fl
E-
>i
-4
1
I .
I,
J
I
I
■■
■ i
i-
1 " i
f i- *
,1
3
'I
.1
■i z
_1
j J
! 1
1
■ L
- f
>
l
. !
i! "
i !. ;
I k
i ; ;
L
1 } -
i.V
L
i i
1
] I
I
i ■
H
1 ■
i" I
i ;
> ;■
' \ ■■
i
i
. 1
* t
'V ,
n
' t 1
* - , -
fr >
1-
A
. 1
1 1
i
i
j -
s\
W'J*l«eiJt
*ij\rt*i] >jji\ a>\_^
I
i
1 I
i
F
(*^OL-Vl y^^jJI _ VI )
I-
k
* ,
JP
1.
l h
■ *
1l,j N V\ 5j_,t ji, ^-^ oJlT dl JbjUUn i^'VI *i* .iyLJ JL^UJl ^_uU
1
L 7
r
■?
>
s
• Jj^L. ty'^.jr 11 JA-Vl ^US jjjjxI y-^JjH jjuat ^* ( 61-uc ) L^i o,.jJl
**
■^41 .mWu**
»*
<*-**ij Loll <Li1^J| 3j
l ^ f Aid) ^/^l yAj^jl ^
^JO^^J'J
c
^jLs Ju.j ^ki ^ viUj a,, ^ jlyVl jCj ysjl U^Jl Wily^Vl
*l idyl J* v y>Jl J» JLwSJl ^
^~>_>J1 _iU1j^ ^ ^ viU-b <Lf_/dl ^'j* 1 '
• JL^XJl Jl yj^l ^ <to-ljj| ^LU^Jl ol^LIL;
4-iJI L^.jJ c~~Jj i L^i ^ jJjUu- ^ v _^. |ju. L>~ij D |^| oi>j 1JK*,
J— i oj'LT <LL <jL*i>
jJ»-iU U^ ^j LJU1 jUV( Li HI ^L Jl ^L^ oolTj ^jjWj jJ»J.vi
JiLiJ! juit ^ jjL;^)! _;L^ cJ IT j . ^Jki5U 5ju § jui i^l/ j^iy ^jLi ^JLic
I
". I
tAi ~
■ 1
• ( \<\\v ^.jxTi ) u^jj j <.i,.fti,n sjjii £>„> juij i \\w j>u. «3»^-ii j
LT*
i!
t
4*
JJ &J»>J C O^l J t/jXll o^*Jl J^-U" i^y U'Ua^ o>x>1
1^15* Lilj 4Jik41 J l^J^I ^^.J-^ (j^Jl^Jb Jai3 Lkj'^ ^5u J (j-»jli W^^>- (j
jL^iUjj Liliw.y.j L-jJ C-J15* JjVl UUI ujxll J~i a*5»^» S^l ^i
£>Uj ol a>.j?. V iiji jl> ^ \^Jo o\j\ oa>j Ua«i U1 * o^.^ ^ *j^^^ o^
* +
*+ it **
sJl
** 4+ +
yi >c
\ *-- -* I
f
. s ■
4. ''V
:j
1
*^
■1 ! i
i-
1 i-
a
, ■;-
■_
]
>r
■i
^
^ '
. . ■
, J
-i i
I
r J
. 4 I
L
■■
I
L I
ii
I ■
- L
r
L
■ t
: 1
■ i
=■ 1
U
1 :
:i
!■ . J
1 ! ^
SAo
•> -^ tfjH "**- W^ii- Ji calf ^ilj! dUi s |jj ,> ^jU o*
UU«
11 il ^^ 1 M
rJ j ol «=»to ♦ oUJl ^ U^ V^ 1 J >^ ,> «-»a4' *Skm j ji«sj
r
• i
!""j * oVJ J* V-l* oUjall l«j ,» S4*U-> L^Uor j L ^ g m^JI
<-j£>Ji ^ \'\\\ V T / ^L^ii «\ Sji^i
4*
*t
LoJJx oijfc I^Z^U^m j Lollaj v>
it
■f*-*l
t +
;UH
5
-J
J
! - • \
\l\
\
1
j^3j* ^i u^
J c»' LoUw^ <*j^- oUu aii c <JLiJl SjLH J LI
Je iLiUJI S^UI c— a> JUi • ojj c>
3j>^ J^i^Vl tiUi J*>- J I jjijuxlU
p\j^b ^jU J ^1 sj ^]j obl^Vl ^b^o Vlk^Jl ^j£ >^\ i jy o
t
J)ja J 5Jil dl ^ (H xJT Jw iu« oU-iL*) o^^r-' Of.-*" ^.j 1 -^
■A,AA-<-^^^
u
,_yi_j.L .... — >J\ J,^)
J»UJJL; ^jUJI u ^l >jy ^\ ^ U'b
Jlk)^ 'illlJLll Sain o^a.>.j
• jJ>JVl S>;w. 0*U" C ^. >T (^ j| l jJU-jJlj W^Vlj ^j4b
]
■» "n
I i ir '
J 1
. 1
. I
I' 1
i
■ 1
oU^U»Vb r UUl ,> UuX^l ^jUJ Ui^i LiUaj^ c-Jii 'i*,)J\ i^\X\ Jj
J^t
O'lx.
^.J* J ^.Jll jbT ,t^u
' ^J ^U°>j> * J cJlT 4, 3 UsSV» o^J ^Ij-^ | J_jiJl jjj^j « ijLL^
I
: j
*A*\
1
♦ C U>J1 <Li^ Jjjdl jo*. | Jk oJuy U j Jr T 4jj;>
,)
V**-^ -^-JJ * ^U! oi* <> -u*i; a *J~ Jk ^^^1 J** ' L^-J» Nj
*1
I
^
\
\
**°" lJ* ^y' o-.^^ v^°'^ ' V^kiJI S ^V< ^Uj' Jk ^.aJi pL-^. JoX
aJl
c'3 .
\
).
'.■I
tf
■. .
-r i
1 "l
■ tt
I 'Z
j
■ i!l \ i
*- >
t 1
: &
■I ! 5
; :t :
I
I; f :
"?r '
1 r
& t
iAV
*■ *
j 5*o^ obvj 4u* cju- aiijj £ <,_ym 4,/^ a.^1 - jj r juvi jl* coir
I
" - : ^U- ^j < SjjaaJi ^jT^ll <^_j5^U L^jtf,
***/ >-ltf ,> ^y^y Uw , ^i^ll <^ <ik^ ^jr ^ ^U.jil
r
(p
I it
i ju^i ,> ««ui o^ e^~i j*- «ui *i>i jr j <,j&ji <jr
a"j^.
* oij?.' Aj^ 1 fJ*** J 1 v?&«n <~^ ^ju
jJUl ,»£»JI ,» ^j o_jki. J„±.\ J dUi a*., ^ oijx?. y^J £ jU-jj] J ijjj
oVjLdl
• N'VYo J>Ui L^J^>.\ o- OL- L-^J^J
«uU>- S^Vo
^V\ ^ ^iljJl i^l J>U 6Li Lij L, r U ^dl ^*>J1 \
1
j
1
t
SAA
r
jt ^t UU. ^^ U>j
I (j^JkU <>k!j 4*U- jjb i <jl.j\ V>J1 SlSlJ, Oc~"j
\ A
Ul o\j\ £>" & 0& *JL
*dJL« -L^J.3
'L-Ji U— ij
JjY1
*+
1UI
• • *
i :
si
k
V
\ :>
^
V
j
f
LUM
Ul
I 1 f r
I ]
I
1 : h ■
o^~ ^ l^U ^^1 JJLJUI Vilj l*JS ,j|
->>
^ JijJI *lo 0ji jVlj aJljal! jt. j^, oU usll SjjJuH ol ,^J
4*
♦ <
-^ Wb U-T Jwj ^ oAij i/y ^1 ol ^ J>xI , ^ ^^
* ^1 4> JL-JiJl ^i^aJI Jc J^
■*-^
1 Jljil <>
<li- ol^JI eus, !>- Jit ^ u^ jfc u^ JJ ^ i] ^^
4
j v>»
-an ^ ajjji 1 vi i^-y- > ^ji j v ^, • ^ iU ^^
j^H ^ <^ Vlf, ^ , ^, ^ ^ oaj .^ 4 3Uj
-u«l. cJ^ ji\ VUVb ^ ^.UJJj ^lo-H ./Vl 61 J, < oW
- 3,'i ^ < V-.UH *il*» ^ L.J LiUy ^j j, ( b _ jT , ^ ^ ^
f :■
■ I
i r
i
s i
^. ^^1 <!li c ^Vl -UV1 oc l^ ^J, ^u, 6.JU.. 0J ,./V1 olfj
tM
J J*s Uj> . j^ J U^J o^^il JLil~> o-*-^!! c>^j ( £,J ) *W t> 0J ^
< ( ^^u^l ) j^ll ^IjuII o^.^l ^ai Uju* SJU1 ^y^Jl ^oij < jL^'Vl Ij^
^^JL^J^ J^ji Oj^T^ **J*i ^ L-o-U)' jUl Ij^JLS .ay^M o^ VI ( Jjp-S^- ) 5 >A>
* jl jJI »^L <*>
1—4-jJJ ^t_, — LI plij <> a^Jl J U^j ^U. U* ^jj ^^. otO>^
( 4*JJ| ) ^b ^ J ^ij^ JIjj V U=r^ WUjj I40I4L «*LJV ( U~- ) U^=
Jl b'^jl L^j r li <>jVl ^ SJU- <J^ <> ^*^. ^ >kL*-Vl > ^
♦ Lilian ji j^^n j* ct.^ ^V L>b < ^ T rv^ ^^ c ^^ *' Urb1 ^
, jc^Ijj ^^/vi o'j 4 o j^ e °. o_?Qi J*-^>*
*t
^aai j>^ji s* W^j ^ ^' j tsy^ u* V^j-^ 1 J^y v ^
_i^J\ J\ Lfr) ^ ^1 ob U>U^ Jc o^p^M tjA oUiix4 c^>' Ja^.^1^
IJiJb
, ^U^-V^ ^5CflJ^ *up-b
#
,>iflu...i — jut <ijyi ju>. <w»ijji i^joi < ijjj. V">u*n ojlt .&
ii4)Mij.( i
*»\j } ^Vl <!Vb al*JVl J I <, ^Vl ^^. j^Jt U ^\ J J]
. r <u4 ij** j&. ^j-u^ll *LJLi-V! *Li'Vl <> f^ ^ujvi U31 1j-^ t«^li
1
VUiJl JJUJl Jl Ub U*1j 1^. 1-ui^ ^Ldl ^Ij i ^\ ^s J3 i^xM
< j-° j^*^ I (J*— *****
U c U
■ h
: ^1 jjJJi jl oUJJ! JJUmJ! a*j
r
i
<i>Jl »L>J|
t
A
V
V
jv&Ldl
14
1
Y
^
i*
r
♦ill
\
\
I -
ii
L
4
UI
^-^lyj * a^M J l*^ ljLJ^J 0J ^ S^ Jr e VjJI o^ixil
44
£*'l L
44 *
i*li J 1j». 4,ijJl c*i~J> ot ulfc . ( oitU ) v-J-^l ^^
• 0^ ] J^ -^ ^^i j* Ui
M
■a a
a^lj <4U rJ _^ oUVl Jl ^J^l jjuj ,x juJ
V
Q* S_3^-IU l^^jUaj,! n^(|
ill
1
J»«i." J«4l oU.VUj < a4U1 _ _, j| JU , v P u.i -.UJ
*\
%
UUI
■ v
C-'-' lb .
■ I I
i ■
|l
i
i i
> ^ ^jZj oj-M^. IjilT ^.-r-ll *UJ Ji- r » JuJ» g, jUH J jjijJI
!
nc
, ovi
4 h
^0 Wi>^ L ^T Ja^j ^j^J> fU Vjz^ o^ <JUJJ1 <>\jJ\ c-JlTj
4
\
tft
*j ur u^-
o*
1 ) y^-aiJI J^lj O^j) _yf -U«JI ^ ^j^t^Vox^j £ ;>-UM J!
^ <> otfj * d)
0*
0-°
jUjJl ~il>t ^ ( uTy ) jji-Jl L_^T Jlj _^ J\ ( r UJIj
olT JjVl <4UJ1 Vv *Jl J^U- <jb UjTJL, IJLaj c JU4JI ^ >-UL. 1_,b
^^ OjJrUu 0^ eUaTj c ij^ o>"U^ ^^^i J Jljdl \> joJl ^JjUiVl y^JI
Uiy j o>>j LJby 1 JL^i ,> JujUl LiUT ^^^
4*
>-) -dl *\i_biJ1 ol^5 *-«
1*\{° LJlilpUW) oU -cJ^jj ^
C oj-aj -U^Jl j U^p^jJ 4-0^1 l£jb> Jb-1 u ^J*j C JU4H Jijt-« ^ O^kx.^ ^1 j^Vl
^Ui^l 4JU^..iJl U^.^. or' 3 JU -4^ Ja^J ^ C^o J^ ^1 ^.J^lj^Vl c-Ua i»,J; J ^5Clj
i v.j^ 1 <JU .JXll ijljJl (> ( o^ JI ) ^-^j ^ ( oL^^Q^ ) -Ujj oi«^j
j — tit ^^ ojU ji> jr jjii v ^ — *aj j^ j\ jj^\ viSij ojb 3 j^ ai3
ellll
VJ
1
• ii^Jlj V-J-U*n J^U JUL*. o^Jl J ^l. ^
u,-- o^b_, < Ju^j ^y, ^LJl Oj*II <> ^LaM .,i. rt ,-Ji JLu a^JI c
■1
^js; oJir jaJl eJ^I j ^Aill ii^, JUU1 J ( vuu ) ijjj cJlTj
J
« l.lf i"
<1jjJ1
V oail i$JM o5 jll jj . jj^JI j V-J-^ r U ii^Ji
^a- JU~J1 .UjI j ^Utf Cn ^L41 5y eJlT oJ^OUl
JW\ Ji\
\yl\
4*
-d Ji
<o
J <
6^31
-1J1 aJrtiU ,1-usl oJrli- ^ibTi jc o^ijl ^ c^u ^
>»
J
** AJW1 o^Jl >lj1 J o^l-^l l*V ,> cf jJ
{
£JU|
O^L-41 XJ» L-»^ ^Jbrtai **Al ^ o^l^H ^IT
• * *
f MAoLi (\)
\
X
1
h I
i
.1
# -'
I
-' I
» 1
*.
- J
,1
I I
I t
ti.
.■ i
, 4
^ — j.i.M -.. -
"»'
1 '■
I >
d/lflUaati
X4J1 J fJL-ifi ^ j^ A
( VOL^V! V-? ^J1 _tT )
>
4ll& JUu. jjJl ulTj < ^"^ o^bl j Vj J1 j^t ^ foUyl _^ ij _ ^,
Ad
. <rfUi»-l Lie
\^S f+Jt f jL-vl J*A* o^J « Jy31 £^». clk»j U^i f 5UV1 ,/^t
4JL-j ^Uv^l ^JjrUuT ^lja«y. gUJjlj jjLaxM ^yj oUCi
-LUIl
. L *
.- i
r ■=
f
ju;
riL-ViailL.
rf 0' J' ool :>_>
jy^lfLa^l
^le umi wijU. jLz. 4^,1 Ls.pl ^iL-VI gUjb'Vl 6tT
J>V1 ,> Ji-o- 1 J iUt JU4JI J» o^JUl gJts, 1 U^J,
: -
*AI*A*Jl Lf^J*"
^
Jl ^LSJI ^ a*»** SoUi a,^ SJU>^> ^iSiH jj-U^Jl _j,|
*H
. <*p jill <JUjJ1 ol^4l
Ja^j < IL^AJl <JUJJ| ol^l
oUwlii! lkU
O:"^:- ^^51 JUi
0. .
t*" &■>* i *X~Vk *~LJ& Jj»"'j ' ( *iji ) Cr* ^au*- ju«M
U u^J\ J
• jJU-J*\ai\ 0j Z)\ q* JjVl 4l$£l\ OjiJf
, . < ' | " L
fl£ O j£ "<w»
V! ^UV^I'Vl p&J^» <^>^ -Ai^ll JU-
t*
u;
t
1
? ' h--F
t-
„ ^J~4i j-Ul j.^J\ <+*.y* tf Jj'Vl JjJU41 j-u^n £*x?4i J ( <JLkl\ ) j-.
*#
tt
j>JUH ft
=,lj >i Ajt
( AiilL ) Jk Sj^lS iw^H jl .^1 dJjL^, J^ ( { JJ^\ ) .II^JU
i^^udl <W*jU
J
t>
a *.
y
■ *>
<J ^^jUl\ . I^jJW ,.u*JU-l ^ A^ui' ^yOU-Vl g-^->dl <?.-u«J\ i*jl2ll c-utfj
^-^L- ^ 4j «u$n <^_jU11 ^Ux*\ «iUi j>j t t^ciclj o-ui cJ^l jjj*^ t^Jj i *u*H
j>Ia*-1 ^i-j U*i cJlT ^JJl fl£Jl ^ ^ac ^ ^=3^ i SXKfl- -u^J\ cJlTj
*#
^JU-wJVl v*lb ^iTj <^U VJ4J ^j*^ ^ JT J <^»x 5^lb ^SJlz1\ o1
r
Ui J eUUli ^ ^j^aJ! J^- U* Ji- <iiju>- u^j . ^*^J\ Su^lSJ^ ^Jb-Ui\ ^
v T > J ^d^ c ^U ^ >-VI ^ 5-^J^ *u> ^ -mi J^"j * <^U^ V^U^ obLJJl 0->,
c> ^
»j dAJUl Jk o^JUUll yJA; ol O 1 ^ * o\^5H viUr 3jSjj ix^
. j^flU <_^xn i5^*^ 0^ oj^ ^^--j f
.LJJ\
1 "
J*\ -<U\ f iL.vi j ( ^-41 ) <i_yi ^ -,1 ^ r,
J -I
-J.
v
•a^VIj 4SJUJV 6L-JV1 r !>-1j ^.l_ ^ ^iU-yl
£***u ; j ojij^ui <>
'-^ Jr* o' ,„*— :uji fV , ( str ois
^i
o**
>-^lj iwJl 5^1 o;lT uUj .- o^:
■j^U f 3UVb Ui>l Jjl_
4
iff li-u^ii'
1 U^r^ »— ^
L*XJ
f
■bl j 4
L^
ft
dLi
Or^
J— i! C-J*.*- li^JiJl
J
C— *i O
>'
.; al I
.«*.**, \^9 J ( jj,i
j,uXixl ) U^
.i^JI olj_yj.
<*1 c-ib ^ o^t ^ji j j .^
1
(H*-y jU j ^U^41 ui ^
r
4-^w»
1
u^wi o^ai j ^-^ : unu«j
Vrl^M «jU*». Ui
:■ -
i. - t
■ !■
. i .
; Uiill UJ
o
.ku^ JL ftj
>
Oj
>ir
J
V «
; - *4*lc aJa^JI ^ui^iaj
•ju«ji
Or°
_J**ll
r^ (_5^ 'j^-—
^jat i^^vi s^i -m ^ ^
^'J^ Oje^l dljf*l J~i I Ju ^ .
d
<*j~« ) oUSUl J 0jl>s _ ^ ^ JUj ^ ^ " "
'-C*"'J ("^j^U-*^ *f^j3 o*
j-uj- V ^1
I ■
*ui
*T ^
V5L«*-yi (
otCll ij^ti
/
~r~*^\j J^"
VI
:liil IfLlk^ ( .x iCai iJLs
r
3
J
■a
f
r
n i
; ■
o.t
1 *
£\$ c3jl\ (j*JJ J^ c <*>& \j^\j <5^L*^j piL^Vb JUfll ^JL** ***.$? jui
eUi (> a*
U*j <• \j^\ Jiliilb jJUj ojl^ic^lj <Jjio-Ju* ^JU^l |jmi
<<OjS <!l£. A] oolT Jwjlt Jj t ( b>j U ^i ) Jl^JJI j JU4II j r iU-VI ^riailoa
■isk^ ) j ( v u-ji ) j ( ju-ji ) jlu. cJir ^liu . v^ 1 J <=*»"^* ^^ -**^b
r
I
. I4J 5iMi a*JftVl v 1 **- 1 f* 0^-4^ cr-"' i! 5 ** 4 -*" oU rJ Jt '. f*-^
I .
O*****!! Aljil JJailjt Ja5U*sJ t^L-Vb ^.J^l cX**M' orf ^^1 orVH 5
obUHj oJlSxIl £L*xm11 J^Vj < oLj^J\ <> ^-mJ-41 ^Ijj ^j ^^-^ UfJi*>
4 an tji> ji ^u^-vij wUwJi oij>^i oJU cjix*. < A^^av^jfadv
. j
fj
r
. ^-^ju^JI ZJSlij ^L-o^U-Vl <^Vl ^ U*j U.<j i^*> (>c o^"^
*•
H
I
^ okcl a^U^-1 Sj^lt ^j j^H O'^^ art <e^JjVl iiDV jUax>M ^7^.^
q*j , ajJII ^^SL^a^Jl L ^--^^J^ (iJu^H ^x>4l ^ ULj Sj^^x^ ^ ^^U-Vb
ob - J^3^ oU/> ^ t > :; ^ w » ^JVi -u^> cJ\T tjA) - <JLwX]1 jLUil c
1
AiLSj j
* *■
c-
T T
o- x
$
I
t
h
JUM o^-A> W* f>- c^=Jl *^4l O? d^J\ ob-Tb >j> ^j
^It oli I _pMj S^l J j4 ji j^
*H Lj-i
v5
: ^!UJ1 j*dl j£ o^Jl J C ^JL41 £jtt ^ ^ *i
t*
Ljt
- ^1 J <J>ii <J>ut f ui ^ ^* ^uji o>n au v^-v\ ou^ii
V
F ,
J
"I
= I
'{
- K
■ j
- 1
I
*i»*l *ijJd\ i f )
1
*»
, «0j
ih<J.>jJ! (^}.
. ( lt\-
. ( 1TTN
I" J L
L
F-
1
1
1 '
1
• lV-V vi j»jjj J 1iu J
. < u\r- mn jujjt^ j(
)■
* tfJSJj.
S=N ( J j
-— J1 ( j )
. ( \oH
*~"J» Oj^l J^ 5J_j4l 4j_,jJ|
^ j 0~LA\ f l&Jl >T ^ ^ a ^ ) ^ ^ v ,
j JA*i\
-u«J» J v*-VI <J>41 *1>*JI ,L«sJtj \ A oV .U,
JJJ l*»
. <u.5L-yl obc-J"b ^ *uay V^-Vi Vj^jl
T
r
t
J
^
v
\ ^xJI 4ijj-Jl\ ^j^ o^V j.c-li ^y'>»» 4b-UV-u>
I
I
■ ■ j
,J1 j *J ..jjfcs.1 jJUl ^kJU dUUl *u£~-1 Uuc jaiUI ^
. B |^Vl r jiJ^ u&-- o^jN '«>
•^juavo^ J5*ji-
u^i
JU-A j^l oJy ^zJI V.M--V1 oUj&JI ^b J jl o- ( iiUUI ) **£*-. £+iVj
\. VI) ju«II
'< oU- 3^r oi^r ^U>-l Jl -^ JU-A <>j^ Ju«n 4JU* jl*= jj . { >oVY
:* ( JOJI 2 p=_i ) I jlJJU^- ^.JS I V"d-> Wl olbUm u-J^c ^ -lib
, JiiJb LhSjI^- <oLitf ob -JUjJl viUU. -ue .yiJaJI Si;! ( 4*J>b ) j <
dUU-.
JU>s ^jjwlj ^Hl ^ U\. <> ^^J>J1 *b
M <*&- eUUl 0,0 ,>
al
^b ' <^«iUvV^ il_5-U\ j ^~*.y*Ji <cLil J ^-^^J ^-^ c£jj*^d\ j JiJ \ ^^
l( oU- v^" ) ^d <J* ( °^' — ^ "°-r^ ) L5* 1,5 <i °^«^ •
i.i*j>U»j Jj-Ul ^JU7 II
JO
. ^jw** (v)
r .
I- .
]
:■
r
jjiar'cjirj-yyijr
J b-^j> •» — vjJi ji ojJii/^Ji j~»j
4
i <^%^\ t \ ol^LVl *ui>
i
. Oj^lJI ,1^1 ^1 ^ ^ tX^Ub l+Ji^ \fj i^j^Jl : ji
1.
l> jfcy
x_jol«ji jij , .u^ii
o--\
jkUt-M*- J' JJ *d uW ^ic o— UM o^J^ ett" c>1 LJuJ J>2» v ut-«j£*ij
jjLjj < <— JWU olclj-dl _iSy 1 ^-Ux— J ii^S <-.,£>- Jl aJU^JIj u 1 *—^'
JU^Jt J ^ijL-a*- <J>i- Ay^lj^l ^^-^jjj £ ^J ,^U
^ 1 U, jJb* J>U 4Jjj JJ i^-Vl JU^JI jojU L*i1^«s-» f Ui Jj
I JJliJl
^.,i --U jUcI cJ-»- ijfi aUeb fiL-Vl j ,,4— *»'! ^XH <-)>- J J 1 ^^
* *■*
jV a*y~
„ 3 JU4H a- ju~ai -jl*j\ J ,>.jJ> y *v itt* L -N •>'
^
t
t
\
^ £
\
V_>- liJ'>- -u«" J as* 1 -*! JJU Cr^i ^ u" OJ ' "*" o\j>^J\ cJtf ^U
j_Jtf j*. <J\~^\ iJ^oJ^ J^ U-JU41 0-
l. J»*-jVl o>^i «> ^^^-a*^
^T cr** 1 .^ ' >^
i :-;
o.V
Pi
r
L.
. JUl
*3I aJ^-UI
V
V
r
i
• Jr 5 ^ <> <«* j^ o-oL-JVojai J IcUjI jifl '^iU-VT ^JUl ^^1 Jui JAli
'i> 1 >- JI «*" ^ -r** u-«l-Jl 0>J' Jiljt J JU4JI J J>U 5Jjj f LJ ol Jk
■1 j
3 3
■ i-
*ir
. i
L . H
j 1 !
: t
1
1
. i
i !
I I
1
J 7
.1 .
I
i
^
GL^f)4^i
Si
i-
j^m j j^iii a^v-i
SjjJUl
* ft
■.
1
- X
y
Ki-
*A
■_
i -
7
-&
i r
r B
■ iy * «u^i J\ J2j j^ J_^ <JT ^^ l-ji ^ v ^sl-yi o^ai J
i t^us j_ic jsai ^u*- <> u ij ouij*t ^^ij- cjit ^i fc^i i)_,ui
<LH~
<u>
J.T
A *
<j
.. ( NToA)alUj jflSI^U
0^ ^' J*11 ^J-» t#jJ v~w VI f UJl ^ ^1 ^ ^ SoUl 3*^1
Ji-J'
t*i.'jiU-j . UA-Jj LjjLoi t^j t^JUj l^kl S^ju t>j lit ^1
. Jl
fc n f
Mae!
Ld«
Ojall ^. 4JU- WLi^ c-ak^? js|j ^^1 ^ ^ / U jju., 4 l^J*
Wl. j OjlU ^ U y j J^lU
»->
»J1
J>-» U*
'►• 4ju1
J 5 j>^ 6j^i\ >l 0* c^^ icjiH Sj^l .a*
1
v
^
•^
oNY
* • .-
m *s^\ ^ ^ « ^^ ^ ^_ ^
*f
l* Vjdl <Jj4!
_^J1
-u.
>
•u«M ^>-j t u* ^ ^^ v , ^ jU , ^y^ ^ tf
»
1 +
o
^1
f&*7
M
■ApW
(J 8 " -^' j j>ii
u^*-"3* j^ e
— *• c^ ^ ^i ■cjav^ ^ _ jijsij ijai ,> ^uz. 6i>;,
Lsll
j ■
*j
a* v Vl v-U «>. jJ*a; j*, • « lj^ •
r! » J
o
U-
C^ ->** tf J * s ^ Oi^-J^ » .H*
r j*-a)i Jyll ^bui <iiLw ^ jo^ eUJTj c .( eu
»;
_*) «UC jj
• -* AAA / f N (At 'J « ^ )
■IM-JI ^U ^ < * U > ,> s>jr j.1 ^ ^ol, ^ui, U>-
J V- *
u«;t j^- i~«i- <-oiiu jj c j^ji ...a*
■
I -
L~T Ja^j 4^U ( T ) « .uS^^ » J* J ja^, j aii JU>
■ •■-
ottj
'I
< oJb
.44
Jlw cil'-*'
* *
^r!
JU-
r 5 "
;*£U»*-
Ctti
->
^
U
l r^J j* CH jij- Jd> £.1-^ ji-A* '• Uii XJSlJl '^i
•V*M jjtai uu u j >u.
,> a.'juHJU*
( r ) ^.jjVl
1
4 t
Cr« ol J ^j « »«ill *l. , U ^>0 , jui
^ h
4S>ai QAjt&yA^j.
t-t
^Li5*<aa4
*t
l>
J>*
t*
iir
j
\
I!
I
.
fl *
. <;l
■JO)
, -ui
(T)
4 U
' ' ■
. &jji\
i.
i
■ :
, >
r
J
J J
> :
f-
?
0^-r-" t^ ] ** <> OM Jish U-ucj . « jj » "Ji, eU j j LjtU £ a-u ,> t«J
C*i £' <( vri » £>^ 5 ^ o*J • 4>^ J^h -n-H *{Uk1- wj u. oIms* L.
-1U1
J***!* *»',}*) Ji^ ■»* ,> *4i ^J
L>« J .
y-.i»J ' 1 or i J j^V Jc J>^-lj « Ju^JI VJ ^ <-^r V-tj Jk v.
U
jr 1 .
VuUj ySti bJUas-
t ■*
J^S tfj** J*
UiJ
h -
V^V ^iJJV^ dJ&'-<^\*.A»j# -J* ^V.^ajUl . 4>£ ^J
+
r ■ ■
CiUi o» <J^ 015" C^lj < *j>j- coj ju^J! JUJi ^ j^j, j ^ g. u^,
r J ■
'jj c^ 4j ijo^^i ^mi ^juivr.i^vij jboji ^iiji /
T
i^ '^lalal\ ^lT
( V^VI v >*i!t _"rV)
61 4^ Oj^u, f+ ljJlS'.-u. jl : V 1>L
^
\
P r
°\i
V
, F
^j c UmJ! um i!AJ1 ^zi *ui p£>Jl» JU>J1 Jp-t<>1 ^^ j^/atf" ^** r c?
<J*OjU1 ^UaL- Jk pfexL+M qa <Jc tk^> X^rt *1^Vl ^L^» ColTj # «olJb-t A% ,
r
JLp ^'W ^1 ^Vl <> l^JL^j ^>LU ^^ <5 ^ oJlTj ju-ju* tJ »U jt J^l >
li^ft J..J> p-giji*^ Oj**^ ( cr^V*^ 1 > °^r'J' *1j^Vl otf iJI-U^ 4>S3j
L
^k SjjLi CwJ juapJI i£)U11 s _j5 q1 £ja£uo l^>l5"j i hj* ojf?)J\ <<->■ c*>lT/
i-o-^-l _^ .aj^C--— J1 r U -u-a; ut ^ J5b ' ^ JiUl ^
h i
*l
J
p P
I ■
''If!
j^*-uiJ) ^k 5j^\i o-u c->J ^sJI ol^JI cJtfj t jf m " Jk l^ruf jkkll ^lT jUJ
It
-r-^i ^j*" (»*i O' jr; ^
«> w-* 1 o°J ' 'J 4 *
J*
i -< ^_>>Jl ^ <LuLJ u^^" Vlj < l*-U) ^ ^ 2^.Ui V Jj~-T
WJ
o\o
Vj J*. &£ ] o* <*j l^p Jfcai t> '^^ *** i5-*" ^^ c* w» e;^.i ^oit
• 4)1 <JT p !>U1 (j.
r
x r
" T
vr- ^ v^ ujjj < J«4i jf-j» jjuju i_^j o^yi ol J>u j>\> a ir jui*
. ^jl-o j^4»J\ <ilT J-ur ,j}
•^ J..W cs~^V» ^ ^r^
W-Uilc.iJ^l.iJjiH
p
44
oUiUl a««- lil Vlj 4kUj ;>x^. IJtuJl j„V1 cJlf W VI i,U oUlUb
*
r
I.
1
on
. " K
*
Uj 3 <1 c**j*Jl OS (( 5iw>-
i *
» <s».jj u*y tU'Vi «w*u s^uji <oVi »jU j>u.j
t_ii«11j <,5L*M ob>-— Jel ^ jrti. Jj J^ .ujji o^W>. tili « ( \ o (V )
SjJ. _ « ^b »■ j4i-itj o^*^. ^aH J%- ur ^, jjjl _ Ji.kJ| U» 5jVj c*ilT -ul ;
F ■
■ ■ L
I "■
' <^— ~} J^^i ob * <iA* J\ J«flji o'u^ t^-A* O^* <*£ij'< i!^ j>J ,LiA cr*
iJLLl^j i i o-o J ft J>tf )) J*.ju $1 £^^1 JjAku ^ aiuj . 1XU«U ^j.j
ciUJl ^ -u oiT.^i jj-i u*L>b - *Ucj.-J^ J> u-i « ;ju**-j o,#i~* c^r
. * °j**-0* *-^
i
** *
j
<Jjlix* oL>>i) Oj^i W*^ ^y^ o^J ' 3-^b-A" Jr*^ j' (^ t^t'^ f^ 1 v^ 4 '^
U*^, V-J>J^ v 1 * 11 ^ J^lj -^4**" C^ ^ J ^ *^ iJ) o\^u- ^iUi 4 JUsiVb
«!
o\y
s - ^
"3
ft L
J]
(> ■'
U -
t
?*
■i ,
f* C»1jn j « J>- Jl » qVj . ( Ijjlj ) ( V I^J1 ) J « j^- JT » i >( N oo^ ,
^»»>j>a»>it
.1
i/»
•^ fjj; jtf <***- . aJc J_ii!l <U jw^l ^jj) ^^ji j m 1JU
AuL J
(•W* 5
' h
r
I-
f -'
\ :
Y '
r
S i
<J>U1
^
■Uail -U, S^L* AljJ>}\ Jy .\ jS\ J^ J
i . <£, Je 4kiUU) iSLi <+. c.L.1 ^j „.
» • .ou^ jt ^^ji j| ^ ^, oljU
J+0*A 0j\
cOL*J1 ^ <L,>,JL ^y| -_l u*j
#*
»>ll£,
'>*J"j'-jju tfj Ldl|_,
J*
•' C) o>
• **-l^A ^
jr jx lT j^_ i ^i ^u,.^,
J^- 1 ^^. <>^' o^ *j* c^-j v ^j
—J» jw-y ^Xll 4--I4JI
VI
A -
■ . .
JU3» Jj yUJl c- ^-b VJ^' i:^ JujU, J jU 1 cJ.IT oi) : V,
. J^^arj ^JTj j^ : ittu, ^m ^l^j, ^^ ^^ jb ^^
1
Powell - Price : PP. 247-274.
Edwards and Garrett : op. cit. : I
Lane-Poole : op. cit : PP. 238-258.
: > M j^ V-O- c^ (M
u<>n ) ol.jji ^
t^' f*~ U-^> Ca-1 JUA SjyaUl 4, *
O -* • ^J*" t> M j*S~.V» t> a>J>_^ j-Tj Jc fl jJUJI «Ui
^>J"1 •uc l j&i <Jc
,j£- p£f.-\jjj, »ju'j <Uw«M
^^.^voirj -<
P *^
r
J»olj *JL41 <cIu-p JjL ^^ ULjJj . i)
1 ' j
01 0>> cflj <mJs» s<cti\ ul jj 4— jLli 3ii» ^J^ o^J . -iSljH cp!
L'
<0a» oU»U*.yt i\&\ 0* «ai dU;
y-T ^ aJ }jj>j *JLl« J U^ o^IS ,^-iJl ^^SH ^ i-ui J^Lj yj <M
Jc 4*-*jH 2JCUI vli*J fUlj * <*lc UUM 4-»L-»^ ^Tt <£^» ^ a jjx>. ))
^j^^i o' ■***. 'j>*'1 f^V < Sjm^ <>Lin **rjjlj L^Vj « I* )) >*1 W^.l
■ 1 m
U^J j . j^JU j jl^I J uVi ol > L-3U jS\ \f oU . ^U^Jl ,I^V\ ^^^
Edwards and Garrett : op. cit. : p. 35, and Binyon : op. cit. p. .0)
70. and Powell - Price : op. cit. pp. 250-251,
1 > ■
-$
"-'"^r
t
f!
H
L C
J
- f r
on
• "CJjj ^jU. Ju<Jt v >> cr -=5t J <Sjj^\ ^CiliLJ ^JJ ii>-
J! i^-Ul <~i-^ <^-UJl ^ j-5"! ^.>jb- pe-vJii o^-iJ • *i_£-"*^ 4ilf j?-
. o!_,
J3 <J#
. { Sjjjj J d« ) J* , — -wi
aJISjl
S^l ,kU JiUj • (JL- <j\ <uU jU g>Uj ,. JJwJI bl aJUoU-j
J Olill V^'J . (') ( J**** ) *-V
u juVi J 1 j^u Uui
^* <Jc ^J~- <ol ijy c*j-Lw» ^iH »JjJUi» 4-m-UaM oUjVl «-U
« *
b O^ic JI ^Mm- ^ <^LwJI ^ij^k ^ UjTij (N)
<^^ kjj^jrW v 1 ^ t> c- 1 ^ 1 L> <^'^^^ 0U1 J4ll ^ ^>Ji
6 JUU* i
c U~jU*1 • Ji\*{+ti jS\ Adj>^( oo^-*! (X)
^U. ^IL ^i'OjfcJj c^b o^J ( jS\ ) ULsj <iiJi- j(t)
1
*
OaJT
iU« ,>^ j5 ^j^i^yi «iUr ,L> j^, J j-
UiJl Jc >L«41 ,> jc-^,1 ^ l^uU ^ e^ij ^U ^ j- c.UU*ill <> JtfjjU
A
a
« l«il>l ^ ^ < l^j ^^ < ^ l^ u ^ ;L-U ^ ^
Oj4l ^
Aa*-*m
**
j k^j^j <^ju otjiia^ aTju^ji ^ ^ oi ^ri ^Iju
1 '
^
y
J 5
I
fl
1/
I
1 I
s WIS
ii
1
■H'
J? ii
ii
1 j
1 f %
II V.'rt
i 1
Ei !r* ■
W J '■
■ I if 1
^
+
4
r
i. <
; : J
F
c.
*
■'m.
J] '■
^
" f
r
}!
"fc
1 h
*-
■■ l
i-JLidtj
0*? JjUaz. ^^ V4iJt j4\ ^UU LLL..*UaJb U-^ li> cJ,>n ^ J ^IT
* Oj>
AJl
u5 »Ui *o>oJ
»jU- ^.u,jL; oLOV v^d *A*iJl ^ <£>*> JiU- ^J^l otf"
ob*» J&> dUjI jt J1 o^-" <1 JM ( D^-C*- ) <j*l/J' 4^ ^JT l J**° c>^
■
Vol J i ^ Jl ^ ( \j^ ) y^o j^ ^ j\ J| ^H ^k 4*^ jS\ Jtu j UUk^
. <^U* lj4T ^ £ iJLJiJl ij^l <7VUi.^ V u^-i u^J- 1 O 1 ^ J j^\
<* Jb
;.!
. JL
illj^l
Cr*
1
C*i "^ i/ 1 ' Vj-^ J' oM*Jlj dj-alt ,o->«JI _>A c L . ^J
*^> aiLUlj b_A\ ^ j,j, UJU • JLJW1 ^1 j^Vl ^oJl J1 K ^.;
4
Oj&S ( J>t ^xi ) 20,0^1 <x^^U J \ oy« j ( 5JU- *>U ) ^J-1 ^ ^ j
J
Crt^J^'j u^L
-I I J tr->>lj i)y» oUjl ^ j^ : J.Ujo ^jr| olTj
JBinyon : op. cit. p. 49,
0)
• U .^U Mr ^ Y - 4,0^11 5ju» <^ j ^L4i 6ijU - ^ ^ bLJ , ^,
M
\
V
V
<*TT
4jJU«N oUU &J&- Lii/> Jo-Ij <tiy J f-4-i**- • ***'jJlj ^j^JJj j^UiOJ^Hj
S^l
un
li_* Luj; J\ c^y. sjuj*- <iJ -kJ>J} U* ^c ^ijj . ijJi^JL. <Syi\j V-J^V
44
-L.
il» - Ji«n Jj~> a^ JLu - <i^jjVi iiM <Ju* ock^Ij < ( *ojjVl ) 4il!U
* JA»
U^U UL- Ulj^l - '»^„j l^_^j ^UVjAx* V liU ^ J*Ujj
(<ijjjVl) i*!H cJKlaj Uiu ^•>rjlt £~*r ^ U*x* U*>lj£* UL-Uu L*_i I^^IOJ 1
f* »JL
=iUI/
tr*
i" j
p
, (j-UM /^^r ^>-^ cA^*i -^j 'j\i»\ j Lgjw»jj
3 \£j Ul^Jl &jl\ JU-jj 4**^j iu^ ^ (^OL^M ^-ill *U^ jfy Ua
0) ojjjftJl ^UJ^I Oi>M' <> ^ u ^ ^-^J cT^ 1 V"*^ *Jl*Oj <=*-*>1jj
. ( 4JU- S^Lc ) J ou ^H ol>U1 J IjTjUJ
L-
J1 JU Ai 4^>«^ .
i.'?
dl ijbJJ^ ^jcj j^**li o^ ^i-^^-l t>^ o^^. ^w*b ^^^
i *;<
■■
3^r (i^^j obj*>* j^j^'j U-Jl^Tl jtiijj p*> (\)
Rudolf o Aquairva; Antonio Monserrate; Henri-quez.
■T
h
[;
rL
1 1 * _ft?_
. Jl
tf^ll
i
nfo J ***b b^ v^ '-*■* J** j 1 *>b <o«--*l4 0^V1 viu^ ^k <o*l^ ^juz**
I^Vl ^
■ ™I J .>
^jl o' ^r^. f& c jf\ *^i ^jLi» bj-*» ^ co^Jl *bV^ t>Qj
[lt .
*_Afc*il ojujuJl oUJUrJl iiUx i)U* l^U S •j^Ill. oil* ^ liU . 4^41 2ULL-VL
J* S -u«iJ p-41 Aju^Js JjJ^" J **i JLJU1 wi^^-Vi 1-U liVl ? obL-JI J I4JU
J^ ^JUZjw ^k iybj . lijJL^ ojj ^ftj ~^* '^ f^ lj»*U-w'0l Co Jj>Jl *l>5ft
• U L»j:> b^r^-4 0^ cM
'
J*i, . yiUillj JjuJt u<a*» j Oi-^M^ ^'b tUUJ, J '^l ^ c 5 J 1 j.
+
3i— ...U <^iJ o^i J*-lj olj&ull lilt £**>. <y: \jujj JUw ^i ^lf JjuJt ciUj
<dt « ^51 j )) U>.1_> b j Ijj^o oV v 1 ^- ^ ^ u -> ^ ( c^^' v^b )
.■ _
i !
1 1
i. ■
r.
I
I
^^ \j — UiJIj aJDUJIj w^pJ^ oli^Ji JU^Tl ^ VI SUill j] jtil\ ^)jj ^j
4^0* oy>j<^ Jlitl Ui'all Jl ^^ V i^j? ^>L^ i^JJ oUjb oU-jjII V U v
- J
> s
L
I 1
- ^
^J-
^.i aii c ^uhw41 ibaJi j^| <j\ Jli ja» ^L»jJJ j>1^-Vl (N)
J "^-r^ ^^^-vull O^rvXxJii
H ^
*
3
1
t
: i
«Yt
wjlldUs!
1^1
J1 l-i* . ^^i\ ^Li\ 4-ji ^| ^ 4 j^j, ^^ ^^y, ^^ ^ t ^
I
\
■ x ■■
^j . V 1 *^' .oU-sUl ^lyi J ^ ^j-| uOij =|| oU ,^41 viUr
air V . ^:A^y| ^-Ui Jx
■-w&teil ^
4*
c^J <jrU|1 sl^Jl 4^ . L^l ^.jt-VI Oi-^' *<i^ d- WJ
J^
cr->
c^Vl
rv\ >iUJU
SuJ*'^ o~ ^ ^Ul ^^ djU. J jj-l J! <J J\j^ V ^1
-Aiai Li* ^.j
e^ ^ j ^vi <j« Vj i^Li . s^ij jjiifj, j ^^j, ^^ 5^ j ^j^,
<*-*
oHJ
■i
^
■y
I
=i
I n
J
fr*
. (*.
-ul
^'V U i_,-J L.j ^j>.1 olfl V^ 1 SjCAi ^Vl 4-*J- ^1 Ja^u-t _.!*
*» c»i cs-u* <jvi ^i^ ,>- uji ja ^ ^jsju . ^^ v , a , iJdi 0£ ^j^
^+
Edwards and Garrett : op. cit. p. 45.
b
♦ /A
t ) ^5>Ji ^* u v^' a^-*' '^y ij* (■••^j^^j
L
<fi. tr U j^u j\ ^Vl «u<*-U ^ ^ij^^^ ^1 J\ Powell - Price ^i 7 ; -~ J_v J
>*i
All : op. cit : pp. 220, 223.
Ali : op. cit : pp. 219-220.
A History of India : p. 262,
0)
j ■i™rf?**" l * l ™^^ |B ^»
1 rUjlr t , ^bLJI *u>-t (y)
c
L5
■<T)
°n
* -
*L>j L. Jl J* Ml -by. Vj a^JUj JU4JI J* 1_^U B jJ1j otT Lit j ulkLJb jt
*^^ «i iJ i-^ -*"* *!"»■ ^«-i cns"^ 1 o- ^ -** >* 01 j u-JUr^lj
J* i*\J\ olj^J" SjUi ^ AJiU^i juj- jo^l Jo^ai ^ jS\ jtl JiJi
l^lC O j X l+^MJ I
< jaJl JUf^l JjL-Vl ^ jt^ J* j^^U ^Oi§» Jw41
VI j*J1 JilO- Jlclj Ujjjt J| jJUJVWj" y-U Oi> J* J i*U«Jl Ja^>4»
f
l
"fll*
oUU ,> <2]> j* V.^^ 1 V.^1 »U1 J JL^^JI ^. : .l«l I J.LAUI lJu> o>
.J-.e liUJ . 0«nL41 jU> 5jjwV1 SjtjaJt 4-** U^" cJtf" <^1 4,,,,.,,l„ a J) Vj *j|
oIjac ,> UjJt jJl u -ii jui . ( Novo ) gj\ i^u^i ,bV ?ijU»J1 u~^jVl Jl
Iji^. dUi jiiLi Jj Sj^iU yi^l r -w Oss*^.^ <> v^ ' J^'j^ Jjl*— tVl
i>. ^M < £*J\ ^j <> ^ L -" *>»V1 pjk Uj ( OUb ) J>-L- Jf ^^ Jk
.JIAJjJl liUll vu'U j^-l U-ucj . J5U1 »iUr (y. ^Ur^l jjUr 61 <Jj41 o^l
J* a^^r 11 . J- 3 ^. Z 1 J* ^ i!l *"- J j n ^r^^ 0'
^j>11 J>>iJ
Paniklc;ar : Asia and Western Dominance, p. 42
I
Powell-Price ; op. cU : p. 264.
Van
%
?J'<.
.1.
i .
^
t
I
J
E
I ■
$ * ;
i! :-h- I
1
"
I
a -:
■
11
I
j
^
^
;
! i
_
i
n
Z
; :
""
j
■.
1 -t
■_
1
■ j
■
-1 1
- J
i
- 1
_ 1
\
\ 1
1
■ 1
-4
L
i
: L
■
\
L 1
■ \
J
j
T
1
■ J
-
_
^
i
i
j f I.
.- ■
; f
r ■
"■ t-
j 3
h
il ■!!:
. ! V
;i : )■
\ :\\.
- . L-
-I '- j
■ ' i
: : ! i .
P
F
a -
[ 1
* ;
r .
9
orv
( jw«* } j>ao- j^ii j j£\ 0>-j Oil* . l» jCs— 1 1 . r «i'-A*U-» (_^e J^^xJI j <U-£>
cJ
, 4**»1 .JL-b **-0^
■ h
'^> >~U Jl sf\ fisj. (J>T <>*J jl . ^J>U1 obU^Yb 5^J| elL" <^_
m
I
J*lj JVtf. Jltfj. ^^V ^ ^JL- *n\ jA jS\ -fJ-J o^ . ^jjjVI jU-^iU;
J ■
4 *
\j> l\jr±V\j fU\ <^j U JlUii o' uJ>> ^^Hl olAiiJIj <*boH JJL-ll
, 4 ^JtjJU»J1
4jj*JI UjLH o^UJ\ oolTj ^pitf U ^L>J? o^^ ^-^ c^U f*w *> ^.J^ ^
■*NM^.*
. ( ^JUiJl 4J>aJ1j U-j w1 ^^jJW ) M-r-^ J^' r^l ^-^ u '-»■* <^
The Oxford Hist, of India, p. 353.
(t)
f <
I .
j
"I
oYA
r'
V
r
^
jJU
1 :jjj' i)>^ v**>.
oil
c
fr*
■T
5U-5U
Oi^m <io«jrj . JlkJl <wl_j ^ju^J <i_JL^£ L,>L» is - ^ ^jx; JUj^I c-jIT,
<^ri
JjOJ
• r^ 1 </-->■=> J 5 " J <*^ uA- ii^Jwdl <AJJ^1* -*ta*Vl oti
J> f *_Vl ^Ud *ilU*.' J*Si c— J ^JUr-i^to i^i ^ VJ LiVl-U*j
r
■Wi j_J1 ol £l~i»M j^ «W^ y1jM.>1 *IJ U* j . SJLJull £*lj oU-jf'
• *rft'c> i^V) *j*J \jp-\j i o^»Vl gkij _^JI ^y <k^ Yl
jui? cJlT ^J— <Mj 'jf\ -Jjjb-ol j* Upn Vij^J ♦ <V. J J-p-Vl l}j^\ pb
^^Ji ^^ 4ii1 -U^ ^^l Ji JLo >-^»Vl.. a »Vl 1 ^ ^V ^Ul ^.Vl *ij*
C/Vl J>~- i)U*> ^fc <J U£*j • jwaH ^^ JtJj ju;
1j J>^
fr»
c^»»
<-uXJ j j^>J^ ^ U^u ( » t JL- o 1 ^ <V»^ # a i ^ , &jl o\ ^^-i Jill < »*L- ^Vt
h
r
■3
'!■
■ .■
■I
W*
'■J
'I
. ^
jIj r
4foU^Jl ^1
VI
r
c^UwM jjb U^i» <t^*>. v^y O^J i V^ "^'^ j^l V^^ O' c 51 ^ 1 ^
Jp
tf>
* !
fc '
J"
1^ -
hii j
fr ■
f_
r
i
I i
f i
4
: i
i
i
■! i
i i
oYA
J pL* A^B^i c^Uai ol^UUj o|jUaliVb tJU *su.jb'j LjL, <$»._, (W^-L&J
. sum i ^n
• A
+*
*Loi j^
• a _ui _ii j ^ Jf JM ^1 | ^a]l j^Jl jUj JUUu^t Jlc jj>Li
JJiJt ^T^. 1*^.4, ^^r ,> .Uibu ol^tr o!i ojJVlj Jj^U . S^Vl
j j>Jt I
44
^L^Jj olil^l ^ itftj <^jj 4-JLLij ^jJt J b> J*k
♦ 0U4II *Ji*n ddjj v.jJi
!
**
i- v.' + — - <oy J*^ <*u u* r u ^1 j
Vl ^J= i j*Jij
1/1 J>L_^1 li^x—. JL^l <;LU U juj • 4__^L^j Sjjj*. cJlT -j^^i
. «J*i <>
i» V
«
6J>. — 6U-<^>-
l^^U ^xll ^\ia\ cj\y-^ Ojf^jJ 6 oo^' *UL _
^LxiJI o-U ^ -ifll J* <^j ^ J^ So^ cw^i • ^xSlkll Sj^Ul ^ ^^
J-** 8 ?, o' (V s vju :>ll£^ dun
>~>. Ob <i ujSL
,^ £
L*
j^
♦ tUjJU UekL 13 j*j> <J£
^ ^U u1 -u^ fi ^i*-^H J^ f lX^Vl VI o-i (Jj - <£Lii\ ix^ cJjU- LLxj
c J^^Ji ^t S^ Li <u\ .x^ La^. j-1 ^^j . ^L. ^ ^ <>.Lj u
^rw y^z>«Jl ^
j u*c ^a*ii ^Ji ^uic ^rij t <j5 ji ^^ij 4 ^rv u»>w ^u\ o^i ir ^jlh
dJi
^ J >jWIj <^^V1 ^bj V! ^jMjj ^ ^ut ^dl ( <*U ^ ) u^L
y*j
f
J$±A\
**
* ^ cr^T ^ Rl5 ^ Ai^^Lij _^^1 ^ot J^AaJl ^! lf A5j , j^&\
( V^-'Vl vj^-^ 1 — r * )
^Jt^f
J
'Of*
J
Jc <*j^ &M-C) c l»i, cwi J~*U1 ^1 juav <L^ ^a, . jjUUi J\ ^ w
Ji. J 4—L* C U^ gX ol Jc bali jlT ^ Oflj • ^/l SjJU SjUl J I _^1 II*
1
£lkc^l y_^j «a>1 Jl ^3 <uyT o-Xi • £UJJ] UT JujjLl^yl c^>'
J
->■
. f
L ■
r
r
• oA^ij Jl o^o. U-jj <^L]j **>}J* <>^.>J * jl ol* _^n ^yd . ol a^, ^1
■ r
i
**
xf-x
• »
^i jux»> j^S\ olTj .
I
■^ -^^ ?>- v, -> ] S ] J 1 ^ j/»
f jj) f Vl jlaii o^j» • is*! ^S ^JU j ^Ti yiUj . ^J-u S>d) iL^II cJU,
^^ J 5 " A J J J* til <J aTlj r L^J\ Aj Jl oU^j jji.! S^ <u,l _^1 J^lj
«1jj Jbj <^lk Jl SojJb <ui ^Uil j ^1 ^j *L-aJl iUL^V ^b Vj .a*. ^
-^
^•^ ( u^ 5 ^ j^ o^y J«J
;j <».^ jlt,U . OU-jj J=^J! oU
.****•« ,"
C^ 1
^Jlc
■ 1
Ibid : pp. 147-8 and Smith : op. cil. p. 354.
\S)
. **
E
i
r
jl
I '
if
I ,
oV\
#*
*f
JV oOj ^J"! a*i <*L.1 <j_fJ\ £.>*■* -ij\> ^i^xjl «u>1 Jl ^JL- ^i J3j
I L
c**Jj ;--1 J 5l iJS J jjiVl o\_^ J\ -cU>- jJJI ^U -u>l ^jju ^> j^
■L4
iJ^JI *b^l oJUot <c_r^ 0^^' t*^
^ '
a -
>1
i j
i
H*
V
1
: i
» ,
i !
I
h
t-
A
L J
■^
-■■
i i i
if I
■■ l
1 ?
j i
i j
.I
i
1
r
.i-
i 1 1
■
ri I
' 3-
r r
:l i
1 1 '
! I
■ !i
"i
r 1
1 ■
.*>
i
,>j
JLJ «0 JUtfdl ^UL^JJJj A^C^w^J
+4
( x ) AijSUaJl ^jH J <tUJl ^ ic^l ^.01 j ^>L*V1 ^jlJI
-o- c 4jLij
L , I
i . J
ur^ J otf 4-lQj *-^. J v— fl^-Jlj o^j^' cr" oy — «-^* J^j-k j^ u^ ^
, -J
4
r
jd\ oUl£*V1j 3 —jillj oijH U^jJ ^ ^J J3j v b^lj 0>^l> a^^ 1
4 j ^V oyy
I
jbL* JUi * ^1 pUI j jU41 ^y ^XJJ Jt JU> placl J^x^i 4JljJU j^^J'j
^
r
jcus oJlXi 'i**\J\ <^J1 L.I . ol**. ^tsU" ^y j^Vb <Lb^ oJtfj J^ l^^^
* <**JUl <o Jill ctU; ^L-Uy , r *Xu Sjj^j v^ 1 ^^^
a
L* j**J*> aJ ^ LflU e^-^C <^u^ jjL^eXJ J \-V>- lju.<ai ^jlT 4.^.*^UJl dli)' j<-t j
li
Binyon : op. cit. pp. 157-158
Smith : op, cit. : p. 356.
0)
d i
*
j j
1
oTY
*flW jjl
frl
i ■
h ■
Ua*tj Li ;luV1 .^Sb <^> ,lui .<iji cjiT l^i ^ ( <;u. s a lj j.j^yi j*
«-^-vi ojjJi ^ -i^-vi dii jui jj uir ^Vi -cut J ^n .j-^ jjj , u_
l_/*fc-0
J^ l^jil jjJUl - <JUJt ^jZw JJ
I I
oyi J1 Wt-uj U>b <^JU*j jL41 Jz s^u. <Luji ^j-|
Wo&^i
^ ^-T^b f-jlb O'^Vl J t-bJb- 0£OX)1 4*>oa*
* n
r\ ^
*ll£ <
t*
1 UM vr-u^ii
l> ^
«J»j
bVI *l aj"jl Jt4£ j ji . Jjl-U-
^' j ^-axH iiU5 J (jol £
-' tJ-^ 1
J>
]
t*
ti 1
tl
<J wuT jJUl jcj.J^J^ v-c^Lo u^-L^ cybAJl j^UJi ^Lx Jt-ji o^ O'U- J^j
. ( ^l' jJ - ! ) ^ Uih^s Js-1 JX <^ 3 ^ jS\ j« jU
Powell -Price : op. cit. : pp. 276-280; Lane- Poole : op. cit. pp.(\)
270-271; Binyon : op. cit. p. 13; Smith : op. cit. : p. 343
Smith : the Oxford Hist, of India : pp. 346-7.
Powell-Price : op. cit, p. 280.
(X)
(T)
©n -
<J_> « O^jllj ^ jul j vjJl eU^. Ijk* a ,JLJ| ,1^1
^t*JU**f <-JlI2>J
*t )
otJL—U
*4
eilJT (<,b- avL*
' aii , V ^V1 Jb~, j ^yJl ^e Jj ill o-Jl
i!U_~^ v ^Vl oUjix^j ciUjI ,> I^CM UL.j ( jri ;U-_,j ) <_L- <
1
-^ ^^ J jf\ aVi
lftl«Zj
i V \ — *J\ _>* ojX~-l
LkL.
ilj^l
^ b .J v^l J I £*£-* o^J 2— i U Ji»* <ijl^ S/I
iCH
o-
-ill
4-J
i^-2dl <u^ ] jiij i^^ i^ty oslSLill
u^J*
It
u=
>
la^U ^Ju\
. 0) ,~n u. .jc
^
'.. <-?
-•*)! J jun ir aiJTj
_r»a£ ^tf ► O^Jl J i-o
VI i_jiJl Jj^^ ^ j^, _^J ^J-|
=i - o
\S Xk)
,V> ^ ^ ^M J J,V1 ^Lx oL^Jl ^ £J ^u^l! ^uy t oUtL - uuui
1
* * •
I
Powell-Price : op. cit. pp. 281-282.
(N)
* M J
7'Yzj
* *
, *
l
J h
" *
4 h
■
4 J
p
1> \ '
r .
i
11
■ j. ^
■p— -*H,ft<:|
Hi
. *
\
I-
j-
■j i
r=1
viJL^'JL^2l/<
i
*
4j^ii1 iU>UV! id^jill jysjB
■l h
V
1 . 1
i
i-'j
iS
r".
-; '
7
J ■
-* 1
I. v"
.*
.il r
"■ :
L
Li "
f
^
j
J
^
j i
j
L
S
i
"i
I *
J
t
^ «i>Si cr->-l^D^^l oU* olTj'jMiu-Vl , J! ^cLJ
<Aa^
.L-**-yi J^UxJt ^ >Uii c <Jj*l\
■Jj^>-
we
•UJl Jy~,l 61 Ov U* *Uj 4 ( l^LJ, ) y>j Lil ./fcl^sj _p.T ^.1 j\Sj
J*-^J (4c Jxj pUo^ ^U ^jj 4,^5 ^a^ji oli ^j» c^'lTj i
n r ■
-L^a
j^\ o'uyjl ^ jjifli VJ ^- j 1 ^1 ^ju, ^ v , £ u ^,
t^"j D^ 1 ^ k c-'l j^V ^ OU^UJ. a^ J P l^Vl ^^luic
**
JJ
WW ) j ^ja^Jl U1JI C U, ^ ^1 J, ^ ^ oUi j^ Lu;x <;jji
.'(-*'nA»
\
*YA
JaJii ija+J iiA&zH &JU
JUL4JI j A^^L-Vl 4^j>J1 CoU* jJl J^liJL^. JL^C jj^
4*
o^.
]
*• *
1 Afj*l\ j*J y^, Uul UJlj \j^\ hy^ ] «^Ul^a» *iUr ^
J IS" ^Ij
4* V
<U- IjilT ^*M JjAll ^ wij^Jlj JU-^Jl ^^JLu^t
XJU1 <*JV1 J>*Jwr t^> cojuj -^ j V^ - u ^ jl J 1 — <+£
fc^Vl
J
OJjk*
tl
*#
.U«J1 j^y o>ry„ \y\fj <■ Jijll J OJJ^. b^'oi^' <>~M J 5 /Oi-^U
*T* '
J. V
i ■ - ■■
i
h ■ i
f
ij\ plf j*. o1ju,j ,/aJl <jkU* j.A^l^j, *u*n J >3jaJ ( ^U^jXII ) S^cjljI %
<xlj^ J* Iju a^a IJto- .yd6&b' J^^Vl L4J ,ib oL^Jl eUj' J <*-*-*■
JjVl oOcljiuj j*Mu-VL» c*U«^xJ\ JLjJLJi (( ^^5*1 j Jr i )) a *JCc ^k ^jj^ljl ^I5j
ji
<*A
ti
* u^.^ j"U^xJl
3 UJU- ^O-l l^rfJjXJl^jl ^ C*Lc>- L-Jut <*-=>l*- Oljj--« i)U^i \>XjS> n^Qj
o*'<
**
J
jc ^jo-l^I ^j <*. JJ1 ^ ^UxJVl
lj _a^ J *1_^J1
Cj!-Uj 6
j^oiir ^
c
»iUj i *J 4jA\ S » a *bt o-^i jJLU
tt
L^ W.^
^' J j C «-oL^aJl J^^ ^i^kxJl J^> t
juoaj'j i UJLmj' l$ *5lj A^!^? JUil.^olidl J *iil >c^=-^>! Ujuj « jJ'l /*L;.1 ^
Jlj Li^U JU ^^* O^J * Jr 5 ^ *> ^^' J 15 '' i**-^ ii-)U^>. ^O Jc
v^A^bjl ^bi i^
clotf* _x^ <dj^ c-rfw-J^ 4 tfyA\ dk «u^ SjuT ol^L^Jl ^oj&ljjl 3^1 a^
U^Uzcl J — oljL^'Vl elb" gSlxi ^j c ^Lj^JI <» JU^Il SjUiH <u^ Ji\ J-^aJ 61
r-r^
ite
* -s*
0V<\
iljJLw ^M .W Oj^l^l Jl ;U_~jJLJ J^l <J.j>l jr .V 5^-ilb ^I^aM iu. ^
■i "i
^ lj.L*1j < oLiuJb ^U=U jifl jl y gj *Uj ( \3\J\ ) i-ojfibjl ^.jU
p
^.J^br^ <i J^ V J ^ -* •>. u-°J < yb*^ *^.y- b^b < jUjJL) o>b
ok-* ^1 5*,*-^ oljji" JU7 cf 0^1— JJI O^^Vl objjAll 0^1* -^=
I*
>ci J
•'Li j^U o^ • ^jUI
-U4JI
&»*»4*ti3J
et
LT < .U4II J 4jb^ c^Li^i . oj«J1 J aJjo ,Ia» ^ <u£<p ^iJl jj^VI c5 «cu4l
o^il iliV <*-.ji >T oxU>_, < -uju*. dlSi-j <uli j v L^i J ^jU J mjj-1 oki-
j
•oil "j*- ^ -i^d) <^>y >T oxUi US i L*> <^>,yi\ ^JjjVl ,Jj^1 ,>
£U*
J^Ul s>bVl <^L^ cotfj £ a^l SjLi^j f 5L-VI SjLi>. ^ u,^. j^, i jUta .
yyJ 41 ,>. '^J (j^iL-1 j^TU- j! <^,U^ ^ _ik>j v o_j^Jl
*4
\
* _ **
^j < ^jJI j^l ^d\ S^U^ J^ _ SJLJj 4i5 ^L: "•
I
+4
^'JJ o^* °'
ij ar >i^il uji> j 1 ^bvij f siJi
'"■■"V
>
4
• ^Jiii) v ui >ioo
oC.
.*+ j;y cJkj c j^k*, ^i ^j^u o--UJ.oe-.r^vi .-^0
Til
^I>J^
*4
S> J
J>U1 sift J ^>_}4=r i)Lij»
i- Jjo V coir, 4 ^^JUI r l&J» a, ^ JLU1 .u>f ^ uyJIj
T
4
■ j
ari
«4
#4
■~Ji!lj ^uUJt A**-* 1 ' y^ '*~*4x)\j jij\^S) oLU
tt
ail -u)
f
„*4j
"<
■i
-I
1
•1
i\ .
»■ ■. r
£
*>^ oljUj jLU* i)L* cJt ^A-^VI <ijL^>Jl J> ^ iJU ^U f Jl ^j
LS'
Jkdl J l^u^^jo gjj c ^oill L^Jj c ^jlSJI UjiSUUi eL^jJl if 3X*
41
44
eUy ^> *a>.|j ( Sj
jiJ
^to
i^r^ jV* { *»Uj *UaM cJt i'jI ,*jL5o
O^ ^.J*^
i^J
+*
U^ LJ
Jkil
o^^ ) J ( osJ^^r" ) J^ SjM >1
c>
£
Ul
ft
Xlx— ,> ) l ^ -u^ll 'ji~r ^s-. jJ^'Vi Ji-.JiUl Jl J.-l^.Jl
(^
.'a ' t J I
diUu*;u Ji^a^WV! r U jl
C^ J^ ii J ' J-° u ii^1 ji dXu.
1*1
-J I
°u
■fr!
i":
5*
*\
\ ■
t :
■? ■
h
'J
t
51
vl -UuJ! J <^jl>Jl 4_(.
,***mA.v
J^i
(J^I^aII
*.
XA
-^ J-^ J «o£—Ji oij^ji ji ur i _**n
U'
u&
i>*i^4l <s=^j J
,JU
,^k (-.jOiaJ
. a^JI Vj i JU^, j olj^ SjU
1
A
• < o_j£jtr ) 0j >u*
v
Ma
■^3
!tJ ■"
I!
ft "
2**
3 '
\
I
I r
.1
I
1 T
I
I
I |
I
"i
^^ J 5 " i> 'j
J* tr*
5UI
UJ
-w>J
r U la^ ^ 4U Ij^iii fi JJJ1 ^ ^^.Vi Oj^.j JUHj
^j>Jl oj^iiS L*U.j j^JUll Ot 1 *^ ^b^ 5 " *-> W c^j^x^lj # jUJl
-^^ (> J^
j-^i J j Vi fj*- ^juidi oikun
*■*
*fr
1
*4
^
JTjU\
js<oj>
* tJLru'jJl ^^.J^oll olj^jtll 1JU a^i
Jk> *la>-
JAU! J3Lo" ' LsJfi £r~
Ji^Mil
tjjU <i^ «^.«>1 h .5^J
I*
i iu-^L
JUdli
O^ij aLUI
j »
i
^■S-
U51
3
o£V
+ +
r
JK
r '
^juoib v.^ 1 wuti^i w ooir ^1 <^>Jij V^^b hj^y ^jV'
i>ju«tt Ja-b"^ <> j^ 1 ^J ! J ( Factory ) oV\f> P( _^ <5>x]1 «i* c*5lT
\
•.2LW1 JufUJl otU-Jl Jl Uij^-u J^l J.LJ- J jJ*JVI UJ* J-a»* o^J
JU4M r L5^ Jibj jUtll *«JU oVU"jJl oJL* q\ olkUJI oi.«J jffc Jjidl <b-U 4-»lsll
. villi ^jJUZau ty.J^ ***l J^aJ^il
I F
fch
Fr ? J
' I
j;^kJVI ^Ll-oH c l sJVI JiiJ _ viUi vJU J1 - o»^-1 (jcli^H v^"^ 1 ■*-.
J^-^ J O^l ^ (Jf
LLu j r Ui^ ^ ejj\ y-» oL^5"
^
,UaxJ
l^JL^ cJ^j cJ^aj- ju J^d^ 4j j^\j-r^ V ^^^ °^
4 d\5Cft^J\ i-X* * * &-\J£a <k^*sJ} <<J'\j3 <^>^L^1 i.
i ■
J" 1
,Al\
4jLt illJLU*. O^ 05 C^'lTj • Jl^Vl J\ *JL)^ J^J^ j c^V^ V 1 ^ J^:
■ ■ nm^.^i
i
°iX
ijjijJI 3JU-.1J1 oi* o1o.j c ^.jJki'Vl oVir^Jl ..iUa. ^JUjjH ay*)! ^U^tJ)
' 4
**
L^J! j^Vl <^y ^ jys _ Jlj j| juvi U* Jl 4-jOj l* ^
a
■3
I ;
■l
i ;
■ L
L I
; J
■i
i
! £
! f
i i
i ■
; !
i" "
i
L J '
1
|
i
^ :Lw.U-J) ^yJl ^ ob.r f^xlb jAjJM olfe* J JiJUxr 1 <JU**U'
a^JjP
(r^*
jj • 4j>lill <JU OJljHU ^Vl Jl Ui^^ lylT Jd\
Jp jll «Lo^X>J) Jji-> ( j«3J 4AJ
J^w aJLU ^-U-L^j *«]Uc] cJlf ( V^^J
^Ji\ J «>>U-V1 V J ' U ^J-*" G^-r-J V^l SlL— Ijll oo* o*. lT jJJl ,1juJ| UJ
r
4jJL
uH
*■
4ijJ~Vl cljill r j-*j < f Uj oj^i Je JUjjiH E l^ ^to-j
^jssj' i)l-L_j>- L-^-iji oJLfj ,
r 3? >
^Jl
/^Ij, . Uu£l\
O^rT i^lc cJyxl
oil . <U^ J>«j jl J UJs <j ji^
jy.1 JiCJ lja>»> V <*^j U=y jJoJ
r
- J& Cy '^^ r\j~- sU.<al^ lV j \J*J
1 V"\r _ W°l o- cr^ 1 ^>-J' v
j'
0)
J
^r
Qii
I
•4
1-^JJ j! ^yj
+ *
t»
oil
Oj~ 0^ <> <~ l^Lulj < jjki-vi fl v^,u ■•■ Ci ijji ^
-.^sJl v^xJ! J>U ijja)1 r |^
^ UJ --> .3jV VI ^
<l jaJI & i
1
'<
141
■ h
•^j" J^^i.
r >. y^ < 3Hi_, _^y, U* ^ ^JuJisr <r^,
aailj
^ < ^UU *mM ^ a ^ j, tUU)V w ^ ^^^ V| ol ^ ]i
*t
c'-f- cfj a' M
• Ji
ami ^u j i^r j^ <ll- ( ^^ ) j ^ Ql .^. vl jUa:
f*
M.-*-^
*«
. 4
d^l c^b . ^ J ^^j, ^j^, hfJ] ^^ ^ ^
u* a zij . <^ IOC a^l ^ <] ^ .,, ^ ^ c _ l ^ .^ ^ .,
^ J>11 J>U-Y1 J^jU . Jjjt ^ ^ ol> ^ ^ j, j:sV|
^l cJU" L^^ WV J Buxar ( jUT^, , <f_^ 0jlai . ^ u _ Uj .^
pl^ill l^ij^i) L-ojjIj jU^j JLiUi ^LU, J
({
IA
1 liU
. j\SLib _aJ31 ^-u^l ^j^ll
■J*"" ^>' U** l*lj» Jf eo'15" r l_jcl ^iu Ui41 ^VjJl air Jk c
U-l
aiil ))
v=T> <k^^Ji ^Ji <> oU' ^j^j ^jj^ cjit £ ^i _^ . , j^.,
t #
J u^j^
^> ?* ^. jL;j - ^"^ J ^"^
j\ . * <r^ji ^^
* *X>-
jfc ^J^^.J
U v L^Vl ^ ^oJ o^. oi is}***) est u^' J >-. oi ^ v : J^ ^VA\
^Ul Jl^l ojl^ ( ^M^-Jl ) ^^w if^M\ cJy i Jj^ <Jb o^J^ J^
J-*^ji 0^5" t )OJl aUl U* U * - J^ o- <^ ^'IT U 1^1 ^^LJ\
- -rfFJ-U
"I
J
tf
ft
1
1
i
h ,
i -
c
2 > n
■ 4 i
^'
1 I
If
"I
i L
r B
J"
: J-
■ 4
i i
1
,":)
4 "
o£o
iJL^j . jU^II ^ic
* * *
!
i"» bl
1 f UGj
I
*t
+f
J
jr jc u^ ^ -^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
• « Li>" ^ *JI *o* J us, o^ „., ^ . ^ J1>-Vl
^ out ~^ < vuh^i v^i *«n ^ _, ^ JUU| _ oir ^
(>0^
*• *.
• •«
^ y l? *Uj
U
0^5
^^^%u v ^ (j> _
0^1 u>ll
J^ J^^ dlU ^
»j
f^ojL
*Vv. ^L. JU . ^ ;^
44
ejic j ^yU Ijux.
ft ^LT
»t
r
Ui.-»
LUx^! ail
^'^KJ.^)^^^,^
^>"^^ ■J-^ Ul» f^^aij
^ 015" ^ . ^, ^ JjLj ,., ^ . b ^ _^
Ja^>J
• <*«-" <-4L .^j, j^j ^ jar j ^ jjjV , fl ^ L „ ;u ^ v) ^
*o
i<U %T ^ *-> W J Uj~*J>J1 f-A^-^lj, C <3-^ JJixJ j ( Jk ;JU^ )" Ja^SJj
* ( WM ) ifc*b Uy> ^j <5">U <> jjo&n l^i jfii j*\ ( r V3rb l^^v- ) <J^
*\ — iu ^ viuor ^c^ > ^if j 4 -u-ijS r J^* oAc\ j* j^j\ j _^
4+
„/
44
l^b
0' ufi+i — *^ s_ """^ li C& (^ Cp'S * (**""«^ J*»«J1 Wl* J-J> -U^ -j^A jJl ^jjeJaJ^oj
c> °.y». >^- 1 -*-!J . WW J Uo'> J* v^ 1 LJUaiji ^-^b ' i5j^»
J
j
jJU-^1 a^j- U U_*j SjuT ^ ^ jjUdlj JUdryl J o^U_y JUT oo'ITj
SjbVl <*
^j^ j,jj oijJIJ o^ ^l^Tj * ^^ Jk 3^ui jiH <U>JU <iLdii
(j\ ^Uj^ U^J * ^— Oj^f LS*»Jj^\ u^s>J\ -V, J j-^z* Jsjl^ j] JUix** 0>^b"
^
JL
Vl ,> JiJuJ! A^Ji J ol o^*us**. o^U^j ^jJl; ^ jr tf dUJif
xUl
, ^>u;
f*
u^" jJtJV' Ju^ 9 ^Jip»uX-* <^>- J ^s^l *jl* ^^' iLJldt o'^
% :
■^S
_r
i
:4
i
8
f
i"
i"
■
I
J"*
-* .
L
i
"J-
■3*
f
a(V
6^-^>)1 l> o^ i JW ^i (Jcj
^-Ui 01:r ^j J ii\ £» ^jUdlj jJki'Vl
pVl jJajyi i)_p1_, , jJk»Yl j, j
1 fc
j j-J Jl cJL-jl ^1 yu-JI ^
r*^ ^
i*
4»
( mA)
.*■•
■^?a ■■
! :
^- i> J*VVI DW" A!i ,jj^
C
A
Lit*
J
e-»
l5
f
c ■
>-J- 6bU f fcUJt, .^ . ^ Jt y ^, < ( JjUe
4*
»J
■ «
>w Jfcj ^J* Ijl y^U Uai v b >Uj
**
i>
» f
jj*J
r&J**"
J Lb
>*-^Ui < J^J! j «*«**
6^ JUT i)U* cJi ^Q
AJUI <^5L^V1 oljlvflj ji^j
t #+
'J* «H J^fll l*»jy J a__^I jjj ^r^., . ^^4, ^ ^ y.
. ^AoV >
U
«t
• • •
I .
:■ \
W"i
***
I
( :
-4
f
i
'&y&t\
4*
*t
♦ tt **
1A»A- NAoV
i- I
■Wi;':
if
I
■5
£■
***
"r[
3
Li a
\\ £
U v.
i* \s
■•*■
t 1
M
!
!
m
■i
_1 -
J-i- - **J ' *iJj*sJl ( CJliM ^lUt ) oby ^ cy SJb-lj <.Jii4J1 Sj_^H
J1 cot _ijj bj J^ iJU* oolf <UU jf W.U ^,j^j- Sjy JT ji,j
•jj? ^ col ydl V-^V 1 -»J>Jb >»jJ»J yL-Vl ^* Li < Uj^ij L*.*^-
* UoA/ \A*V
4*JjA\
\ *S" ,vi O
> :»li SjLJ OijO J LU ^ dUi lXi • J3U1 ol> J& ^IL^I
. ij^lll -u, ^Jka- ^ jL* t, ^i) ^ u^ v.— JJ1 ljs\
M-*» o* Jijl V _ J>u«»
Li»
Cr*
ill <^J U, ^Lij JLaJiJl <)Ui J .jL^lj Jul ^ju
i)L* o' <-b (>^> J^U _ r A C ^uil ojSJI J <J3
f>^J
ai^Ji ^o'U. jjsjvi
JS1
tiJ
• -*mi o ( ^7 ) j» Ja4J i^j^-v, ^ M1 . , ^. ^ ^ V)
Christianization of India
(N)
1
V
M
1
*
o~h- j >_.•_. j^ ^u*, ., ~
015 J . jJs-j'VI <vJ
; ^"
-^Jt oi ^U^j| ^
^4110^
j~«J
£
->J
^.^jJ^i jr j_u of v^ -ui : -u;
^ >J cUiJ! ol J» jj^v, j jLm[]
44
Jli Ji
J *' IV OJbJf o^U^U
<U>
*t
O*
^1 ^f ^ J. J J X ^ ^, ^ ^
U^J- o-lT jd\ <L e Lk)i ^lj
^^U^oflyui^
ol^J, J,^, ^ _• ^ jl , J ^ -^ ^ ^^ ^ ■
■~^M ^U,., «___,! j_, jzj -^
(♦J--J1 <__Jl
•A-A>
I <> *liVI
(Jf^ J
* 44
U531 J (_y.iL_~.Vl
1 *U1 fjk. jJ*_VI ,>, ^1
4.J-JI J>} Ii ^ i_V~" <«.L-Jl -Ulr ^ c*jry _^l ^_JI ^j . il^il
I
^
I ■■ I
' [
Mangles
(U
-I
y-r^
fit
■"l "
\
-*1
J
■I'
i >
^
3
£■
-i
3 i
- 1
oaf
C*
J'
JU lj* J^JU ja£
: ^* )l c^J' Je.^ jj^-vi ou.1 ^ ,^. ^^
u^J — 41 J*>.
-i-sJJ JIT oil
ti^-J' o^' Jl ^>j c^u^Jij <ui ^^4,
»^1j
*• «+
>*&" o» ^JbJl ojL^J
M
,tf
uij
lia
JPj -JI^AJjr
4*
t*
U~J1 <> cJoi^ ^Jb- j^. S _£ lu ^
))
J'
t^- ^1 c,L-» oUU4 b oU^I, o,^ b VJ _^, ^ . ^
J Vj . . ^" ! 0JJ ^u^y, rlkJ| ^ o ^ _^ ^
ia— mi jjuiij j^-vi i^,, i^. .^ vl 51>Jt . ," ; ^
o^L
^ .•
•^1 ,J1 4'JsJ
Shaitani Daftars
(N)
r
«
u-
. u
°o£
. « <Jj*i\ icLuoiij '^jj\ Qg '&u\j\ JU4J1 pUji jr j
*«
•IT £**■? cJlfj c £j_^il yroy'ob^
+*
**
<u
**
^& <J o 1 ^ or* °J>^ ^^,J * J^H^ -
ol O>- ^^ ^^J
ill Jh uH XJ> ^j*jU ^Jo\j&\
3*i*B>V^ <«5>^.
^ ( fcuyi) 0j& al&j ,. 5JL
U,L* ^ju^JI <jMjU J*U> tijJ^Vi otf
i!U-L^. j^JLjJVI o^ -*J . <J-^ u^jltj <ij^'^ o*». ^^ ^^ 3j'.'
ic Uw-jJLL^ f1 0^ UJLi^ ^5-U^Ji (^M^U 0^" U-i-J Jlc ^$jUa3-
>
. rx~i*j\ oj* ^1 u*^m 3*VV1 J^\j
i
1 1
ju«J1 aT^ ^^jUj* ojIT jail £jjU — iljii-^Vl »j>-* ^u-L^Jl oi^ o3j*li
Dalhousie
0)
J %f
I
*■ ,
I
i .
jA
k
i;
i i
i.
i
^ -
i-5
•p- *oa
J^V1 dlr ot dli <y *_^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ oW „^
•> G^ 7 ^ ^ - US' '>U ^
4*
c^JI J-l
V^Jt-^
LaJj>- <ji
jOJ
#1
j^'l Jj^] ^j jjOi , ( ^^^Jl ) ^i^
t 1 ^ J !<JJ>"oU*^d I joUa>J I iiUx»
,1
*#
id
l>«^j <~0! <U~
M *
Ujl^.l JUlbj l^bb 4f^Jl f Li_, ( ^i , j^.
tS»SJl
#4
JU^Vi <> 5^L4| <^j, 5jdajJ| 4^J1 ^ ^j,
iuL
iLJb
*4
Jljs*l Jl co! VWVI ii^\ ajjB ji Jc ^ J £ Mrf ob ^. ^
• c> VUiVl ol^U! c^, ^ t ( Sipoy ^^
JJ^'VI ol^i L^ j,^ j, ^ ^^
j-
" +J M+ 4
•*««
-^ j ^-u L, 1o» lijTUjj . ( ^^j, , ^^j, ^ -j
^LJkJ
1 L*. V -i.-jj
44
41
^ J > ^"^ ' o-.^l r U ^X^j, jui iJULJ
•Pax Britannica
(^)
a
v
1-
■*#
00"\
i .
j-^. U^ b_^"b (f.jnYijijir
_,« l^W-j iJUill ^.u <HJLJI
<4*U1I ii^ 4^1^ ^,^41 Oji»k !_>& ilLkJl j,^vi ^j «. <..^41 d>Ul
"I L
* ]
* * .1 * * fc
^^y oliisU ^^1^ J^" iSj£—J) jJkJV^ -i~ui J jj~«Jl J^j Jul
z,\
j all _u^r J <^1 a^ <;l < <^_jJl i*L41 oljiJ1 jlji1 ^. j^, icUv
ol
f'j-
i o^^-a-i V IjJlf jjWVI ol o- ^i^ lyLT ^^^Jl !
•*
f
7 3
+ "
* r
i ■
.■
! j
1 " !_
v r
4
- 1 ' I
i
r
I
J
r"
i A
i
K
^1 J
1
V
j* V J*ii ^jJ^'Vl jjUi*-Vt ^jpdl <^U4 ^ILj!
**
j' Jl ^Ull ^.j]! JU_, ^ jojuJI j^ Jl jJjJl'eUr oat '
. r vij oUi ^ ^L-,t U. i/LJbJl v^-^Jl oj-i-m >; J o^
IV
♦ ^-^o
**
>L>,V1 v^l-UI ^k oli tJ *Jj olil *
Jl
I
J L
I '
; 1
r i
I
:J
- 1
4
i : i
. ^
. ■ I
V
HI
■-■
i
It
1-i
' '1-
I
I h
i i
U .
f i
- 3
! 'f ■
■a ■
- I
il^
^
rL.
-ih i
y
i
m
i ,
■v
J.
^ ^-
-«-J
u-^' yAWt J *>■>• jtf-T oli cJlT l^J3j
. ">AH J
j it _fc*. oUUVl rfUrj j»jx,yi ^AJJJ • <-tf j <> jj^\ J ,^d| ^ ^_,
UYi J ( v ) jjS\j, Jj na."\ (*) j^i 3
U*-j < 1A°V Sj/Ji JJ oby Sju
ojiau sjj) if) t^jir oUj ^j , \ A yt _ iah j <iyai a^, uo V j
iSljUj.^jbVl vJ
h
I"-
i
r .
j-.
' i
41
3
j
j
L
.^ j
- i
j
: i
= !
I t
■ I
1A»V J Oj»iM ^ oU^jVIj oLuftlill J ^^j- ii^U oJlT J .
C o*J
J J
*#
-r-Jl oh < UoV ^l. j SjjiM Ijlo. ^411 ^ ( 0j- m ) J ^-UXf J oi^JLUI
«>*> 6j^ <Uk f j^, ^1 | Jj^lj • ^JjU,
Ul
jJ~VI J*L^I1 ^U 10* ^ . yui ^ j^- ^ ^ ^^j, o!j ji ^,
. '-L*>\J- <L.a> <JU^J! JL.L4I
tJ 5-^A>cXa«wJ
Vellor
Barrackpore
Kole
Ea j as of Kangra
Santhal
Graver; op. cit. p. 218.
*
u-"J
UI1
(0
(o)
(■0
^utj V-jIaII ( ^L- ) ^ ii ^ 'UT Sipoy ^^^l (v. 1 )
-*»
^i— d
ooA
SjaU oJlf jdl 4,oa4» lS^JI (JU- oJ~A Sjyn ^U of VI . i ju^JI ^Ul JS- J^r
b>^ **aj iuJ; u_^T1 ^ SJL-All jl.141 oJlT
j . Jj**H >
UJ3
olid-Jl i^klj J^l j>^v» fcl£. *U~I
_y* »jj>D! ^y J ( ^^ J - SjUi jt
. J*53l ( »LA jjal*. ) jjLl_^.Vl Jl 4JL.I5"
t> O 1 ^ L" L#" *^
\ y> '<jyd\ ^j>i^vi .u-i »bj <> -j^i c-ir ^
P^JI cw ^L^dl U* ^1 oaj^il U^ < ^^ Ctt JL4» 0- c^ e^
j-iil ^ SoJL-JI ^ _ jj^-yi ^^ _ s UuJ|j <5^J|
—1j < jjJ^Vl
.j-»J1 l-JL-1 jjij- l^lf -oM^cT Vj j>* !>li . jj v *£ 1 .L^.1
i*iir . iiiJu
ij&~* 1-iflj . 0^-^-^ 5 jU h*o» ji5"t c
-bji jton
Jjiil *Jo\j]
jy-^ oX ^Ui . ojajtj jl ^iij ^Tb^i] f4 i ot j>^vi
js:
J — «*l! ^ jwJI JU-j ^ U -j aLmj ij
■J^"V^ U^J> iwi,* ^| oJLO , £j^
■Lij. I^XJU 6 ^X:
ijp^kc^ v ^x>. .j^ai J*
Lit.* ^U^iU <^>^ SjyJl J^i
• <£j^ *j* *j>Jl
ii^3 £11 J^«^ yU^f ^ ^i
b
■ «:
■I
>
i ■
d ^
! I
1
■i -i
<■ jJ*uiU L^Vj ,> ^UJI oUVjll a ^. cJk il . a^Jl j.r s^i J^ y ^j
^
I
' 3
: *
J.
;.
i
V
-^
V.
'i ■
i".
'$
r 7
I
^1
00^
J c^4-1 jJ«ai 5ocL-« JUu c^Ji J, i ifeu o^m-nIjj JiuJi cJt.
43 U
*> UUu - ol^^Ui? ^TU - ( ju** o^^ ) Jfcj ;^i ^u^l
U**OjI dj>- ft
- *:*
i'jU cJb v UiJI <ik^, ut I
— o
5* <
. W ojj^ JJLi, VI £j*a (J C) bL, jU v >~ iikUlj . J. Lawrence
. U. jUj ( r ) JU*Li ^ JUiljli J5UI .iUiTj ^b
J.J3
I
$*J < (
<j
J J *" fl * 1J
**
<^.
jVl cJlT jU Jj , i^L^Jlj Wall jU^VIj oUl^uillj ^kU)
• Sj^ill Vv ^j ^i^j, j^.1^. ^ U j.j*. >Uc ^jj^llj u-jA^Jl
V
V
r
1
05Clj < J>U^,VI J~~* j i^jU. o^>-^. ok-i ^jlU 0^ ^^ . 5jjb«
t
■4*
Narbada
Rohikhand
Chambal
Patiala
Jhind
Gwalior
Sindhia
10
(v)
it)
(0
(0
(0
•V
t
I
L
•l
• *'>— ^ ^ -^J cJ j j C UJ, JV , J <Wj Jja ^
•««J1 <5^i jul colT, <
J»yJ» ^ ^ lj*. jctfc ^t jj^vi oj|
1 cuclk^.1 < 0) sa &J| ^y^j, obLill ,
>• Co
J 15"
U^ Ij4*^j <
O* •U^^^, ijUw^Jl U.s-Z}]
jljiM ol^j S jyJL , ,y^ ^j^, T
< SU-LUl
+ 4 *+
. hjX\ ^u^ij ji^i ^ j, 0il ^ oU ^ )
4t
■1 • SJ1
4*
jSJ
I
j Vj>J1 oiiy dJiTj c \ Ao -\ j fjSi] __,^ C ^ L .
J- oir ^ V i ^ allW of ^ 4 ^ SjjJJ| ^ -^
-*Jt V) . J] j^j ^j^ o) ^ l^L^j __ijf ^ t
>1 *KJ1 Ca>J,
15" ail
r^
n
V-jj -u^. o Jikn
3iJ>. _ U ,3 ,co'tf
<JbJl l^LL* ^ ^u Ujj U5^ 5^1 oJU a^" ^u f ^J
**
j i
4*j\SL.\
;lf
1 ]
44
■ 1
. jU^iVl <OjL j^, J^. ^.j J _ii; D | j oJ ^ i ^ _
I
1 t
^
i L
j ■
3 I
, L
■ .■
5
' ( iJjJiU ) j ( r \ y -j\ , j { ^^ ) j^ v , : JLld ,, , j
M
o-\\
'■ ^A^ / uov ^31 hp v^j»tftai «• u
- kL ^ J1 s^L-j J I OJ J Uil ^0,
V.^ 1 V^yJ 1 V^J
3 ■"
1^1 ^^ i; jUl{ ^ ^ . ^ ^
/. 1 A <> Y <->u«J 1 s jyUI jjj
# +
«u^ij
J*- O-^- Lolii^j V co IT jj]\ cJ ^ J [^ J w , ^ NMV ,
5*
3
\
O^JjoJ
J-lfl
>ji*JI J*> JjJUl ^c^, eUJJj
>
^J-^j UiV J J&^yi jc
. Iloo ^\1o(
I *
T j H
f W Uij < a^J! o^ Sjblj ^ oUji^ ^,-U^, ( eUIi
u" col ^1 J^l ^ ulf, . U a A ^ j jj j .^ ^
I
*— ^u ^u^i *-»-*" r-j ot ^ ,uivi f>0 , jlJU- ,
v^Ji -> — i«n <*>* Sj bv ^4
^ co-ir ii « 4,.jji <^ Uj3 ,
^ -^ J^ 0*1 j LilL^ o^J ^| ^ ^ ^ ^
tcM
*1
j*d <^ cjir a^Ji D ! ju i v uqi
L^OajJu
5-L41 ol^SIl „, ^ ^ j ^j, .^. v , ■ ^ L _ j=
^J'u^J
ULuIl L^-jaS ^ | „j jui
O
V^—vi v _5*^ji _ r\ )
r
\
**
r 1
+
ixrnr
«?**.&. ,, : ti\&p*bi*«&>i .',':r v fc-fiStfP*™? - J -' 1 " ■ ■ * '
*■ -i* '^V
°"U
,**1_j3
141 oj&
C~*rf ^ 4^L41 oljSJi J D ^j, ^ v o1 ^^ J ,
*-**-1 9 <LiL
^v-
«^u < l,^ <r^n ^ ; Jjlin -,, ^ . , ^
4jJ
*t
f*
.£
j ^^ ^u-^i r^i -vyi ^ obuai
■a- 'j^j aa ^ *Vjii o^. r^ ^ u^u.
****** ^Xa^j J ^Lc «^c
i^
t
ft
^j^ -
^ V^.^1 <-jSJ
' u^.* J^H W Oi^JI ^j?
Ujxi, u- iu^jit u uuii ^Ujii v u ^ ^
44
t-b ju*,- ^di^j^ij^
c-^ ouu^i ^ JJ& i, ( uj jL ^ ^ ^ Jy djj
.uJ ,i oJLj
4*
U^VI
ft
LW
*t
^UxJ
JiWI -u J cJIb UUII
<<* ^U^JI oolT.s < iai~.
-£-^J ( JjJ~Vl ) ^UJl ^O AJ^UI ^i^ S^, ^^ ^ ^ ^
»jbt J ojwj.
< V.^Vl VU^» J-' L-UJ eUi ^ <ij^ i nd i an Counci] Act lg61
jl ^41 oUk^ V! r J~ V JM^VI Jb J ^.UJI J^l ol -iui U1 VI
. JiUI J ^^41 ^UL! jU^y D _^_ u, ^bUl S^b! jiVl Jr
^ ' O— ^ Jl ^ <JUJ1 Jl v yl ^-| jL ^| ^ J>14J , ^. v .
Jij** 1 ( u^Vl J>. J I ) ^ SjjUi,. ijUj ^u^,
^1 0j^^> J^"V1
^jUi^l ^^r ^ ^JTUi ^L: * ^j ^^J!
r
t
*\
i
i\
f
-
3
i
r
■.1.
v..
1
J
F
h 7
!r
^
oat
/ UOV o*|| ! Jjf J>U y U ^ ^ ^ t ^, J ^.^ ^ . ^
. .H.-ll. I .ML. . ... .:„ ^ )Jj6 ^ ^^j, olkLJ1 ^^^^ ^ ^
^ JUol > ^U^1 olkLJl c^J ^ju.11 S jyl , , ^ i^, ^
Wb c--y ^1 <r^n eUi < ^ Ij,^, ^M *>|, ^ ^ j .4,
^^ *• 1*4
. ( oUu-fLj-) j ( JU4J1 ) JjUs^l o5 u| r u
v> sjy iaoa / ^A*v ^1 s^* cjir ^
ft*
i)
L-Ijoll o- ^Jx*)l JUiat J ^ * ^1 u*
r7
1
i-U- <i^ 3,0^11 ijjil] ^ Jb -j <,U <A^ ^^ a^ll
U— > Ji- Ji* V ^ U^ c> ^ JUjJ*Vl VJ ^1 J* jjj ^j
\
■\>
LJ_T-*H c_i ojviJu
iiljlb j_jx^J
+ *
T
<~-» y». ,v V ^jJI
■R.0
4jjjJ| J
^ V^ oL.jL^ oii ^ « <u.Vl 0- Jio-Jl 6^)1
Cr^l J <JVlj /jUx
-^u
tS-^Jl t-otxAl
**
*l
i> ob
< o
>u
J^^>->U <jji
^' s j jill OU a^jj <_^i
J^^> (J
LT^-M
•»'
r
ff
>'
-^■/f/-- fWlltfO*; "^ * ■*. "^-n".
r
VZ -± J _- — n
oM
<j <>j i <~oLo <^JJ JJA ] j^ D tj jU*^yl o" OJ ^ ji^ v*JJ» oLJjU.
• -Ji«ll J ( ^jil) ) Jj*^J1 1-U- _*J" Jr~ J 1 < r Jo r U ( ^iUj.)
iJLL* o^
' 0>-J— *i^j ' u"J-^1 : Ji* 1aj.-ui. L.LJ <^UIV oU^sJI ^ JbjuMyiiu" ool5"-
o-ii j* j Geographical Experjssion Sj^r j^ ^j>^ cJ\f ULij 4jju*M
<Jli» UUl Vj »J1 v lk? J a jiL\ ^ zjT \$j. oW <^ • 1 AVN j If J*- J CM
■ J
♦ <^jjjt su^j ji ^^j ls>-Vi bjj^t Jjp ob * s J9-jil
<>£)j N AoV S^y Itfjji; j JU4JI J JUoL- cJlT <~*yiM ol <IT U* <y ^^
1 ■
, r
. l^JL^. J».t j> SjjUl 'J ijUo- oJlT obLJUl J.» olj < ^j2Jl fjM
<il U'liil S^SL-Oil o>^jd *>•"«» S Jj^ ^ cijlJ J or^ 1 <> 5 ^J
0' oj^j <■ ( «j_
lj 3-1 ) i)U
;ir
(^i^iji ) j ( j
u^"4 ^ i)j-V. ^4^ iS' <^?. (J ( iSjbu-bUUl ) j ( .^IjjUI ) j ( ^U^ja^l ) j
I. ■ -,.
J j
( &JL
I
1)<J<
&J ' 'k^^ *j^ °^ gJl^ J_y- tj^c J-u- j^bj
^bL
* 14
J1 (J <^Ujc>-1
I
$J |*13 4J f jb^ ViU^-l ojy C^*b-1 ^UaJ^J! jUjC-^V^ 0^ LJ& <jl 1 Jl>J\j
l _-n r^j/ui
J 1 . :J
a
1 s
L
J
■ 4
' "i
1 "
s:
>i
t.
olo
f
J .
t -i
; i-
J)
L 1
ri .-:
I.
4
_1
5
i
lii
i
3
4
* "I
r
a
r a -
E
^
J ^ f
J
i ;
i
' i
, i
! 3
j i
*
! I
- , c
- i
- J
1 J
- J
: t
u
r i F
!
1
r
. f
I
5
*-i«J1 «J> l> , ^^ji ijjin ^ ^jlj, ^ ^.
VI \#^ 6^ JU;
-*- J ^ J1 s-^J'cAjJ' jr^xU <«b- ^J! I^j v'U-J.jJ' V^Jl
cjit ^sji 4
~.L~JI dUy ^ ^ihij Sj,^- ^l_ ^ j '.^^ < < JLk)
t
<*jl
«
Uw tJ Jl ^U-LwJt c^lj Jl2i o^^U^
**
JUJ1 <*».UiV» Sj-ull Jliziv ,>j«sr VI j JU4J
di ,> jj^-vi ^^j UJ^i =V.jJ>o'v\ ou^>ii ji v ujyi ^. 0Jj ko
• ^J^* >Y1 .r^Jlj « ,JiH .^iL-1 L^i^ i, » ^.r ,-.\ ,1.7 . ..k
tt
I-Sj^-
1 (') ( jia-^L ) jjrf-ol
i^'Jr'V^
Vi,
ir
o^
«f A
^
>'^A W ^
Lij' 3
(^- J>U- <> l^U U J*,
Majumdar
0)
\
*
>
oil
jMi^-VI
O^Vl > o& fJ Sj^ll ol» Jj3t J1 jku*.U jjsTjUI %J tu i j
5Ui U» I i5jj M a B . Chaudhuri ^y£\ < _„ a,i ^ J y
JjVl
* y*^! l^j jjUft ^sl) JsUs-Vl
4*
\j\\ SjjiJlj ( WAV- WVo ) AJu^VI
»V1 J\ ^UN Jl ( T ) ojj^ jy ^M o^ a- vt jjk>_ ,J Sjyii
4j I i CftJ *1
Vjl
r
~ u*" <^.*toJl ^"U^l 4^j J ^JU-Vl L^Lj>1 <J>i **JLL"j <oi^^
• * •
Sen
Meerut
4**)L«tVl i$3&*ai\
( &u*f{> ) 4*42L*tfl %jtfl J| ^jgJI o*
i
i
V
■ tf W
vr
H H
I
:
\ -
f ,
i ■
* -
r
i
7
■ 1
i >
■ i
>
j _■
r!
■■j _
;i.
1:
1 r r
I ■.
I '.
r
I.
J!
t
i
?.
1 f
t -
ii
{ -
■j ■
1 :
1 -:
■>
i \
i :
r
i ■
! :
lluXLS VI (jk jk;**J *J~£}\
L-ill <u^ ^k i y <JLL^ S>^ olTjJjl dlbj SjbVl eU; c*kct <JLi>.
t*
C^ 3 ' c> olf^tj oL^jllj Sjbvi elb
L-i>d
' <^>H ajt^xJl ^ij ^j-w.1 (Jc J^l
Id
~-J1 oL. jkillj ( jiSoj >~^5Li ) obij>_> 1
*•
i ju«J1 j _iim JLi.1
£L_xi Jilj , j^l ^>u ^ ^UJ> 4JI oi^jj < JJjlT oLolj ( jjl ) J
c* 7 ^. o 1
4*
<L>
• 4
**
v
ovvr
* +
ij jy
V^Vl JU-jlji-bVl ^L^l ol o^. OA^l o- Syr ju J,
NY- V.) J>J1 Al J _, .LA 1 J,<^x ^ui yj| jj b i j^ ^ otjL ,
• ^AV. j j^jix^i (*\)
S
i
*±
mm
C\
J
°v.
<J^ u*__*|.» c ^^ tV > ^ „>• J ( ,
& J I ) D^J < J^ui^ll ,> <^U.
• ^JUII ^J^H 0^ ^ , tlk ^, U U ^^^ ^J^ ^ < ( fc^,
H^ ^^ J* A» J-*- JoL*J1 j| 6 _L4, ( ^^j, ^
oO
)t«
J'
^o*ir 4ju
ol^l iiVl 1 ^ii^l J* ^j^Ji 5jUb j, v l^ ^ V , .^^ ^^
It
I— i»Jl oljjL .v^J! ail jii . • ljj
<^
Jl - ^ cJlf ^1 <^1 JjaJ , j,^, ^ JAS1 , y- 4 ^^
I
>^
>J <A\ u^ij Ui^ . . .jj, cj\ oljJiL
n 4
• • *
^.L_-VI JjT.t^a- « ^J^l Sjl
^eJl Oljjlj yU.1 i^vi o^^y ^'^"
A
o\f\
\J*
I
->>
ji dit ^ oJy
tA*A
\AoV °J_JJ JLaJ a^mmaAjI ^)_^L«4l A»-Jj
; cr"> u ^^ ^ U^ jiJl Jji~4l ^ >i£ wjUJ>1 \j^* j JjJuJI Jjj^J Ij**-^!^
JH.
/
^jj^}\ y^** ^ c**~*] <>oL^yi JUVlj <£jby» y~-»Uli
♦ I^U-msIj <2>-j*l\ *jLs*Jl t > r -*i!j ^JU- (JU o>^-4^
(
+*
^ ) o\f -ui * uUJ ^*JL4 £*-b- _>ju*n la* J JU4JI ^JL4 <^o>. L«j
J
1
■JJI U53l
4*
i
VI iijljll jJL-l ULli ^li. ijjui ^ wj|j ^J|_, 3j> j| f < j*i\j
r-*>>
C^'jlj ^"j'jH U^ J* U « <i,.JbJl ijL^Jl 'ciljjl lj^-1 ^ ^'V
■.
J r
~ J ^^jj Aojl^i ^ LUI Ufll u
. SjjL-JJ oUl^l ^ < 5UJ] <^ ^ ^ . ^ 3I> ,
W — i; ( u^j i^^jij ^jj, j ^^ v , -^
V*
u
• ^^iJI 0j X) oL^-U j ijjljlj Je
it
1
TTT
ovr
4 «
j
t#
M^Jl »j>Jl <> <LL- \Aoa - l WoV 4J1JLL4H sjjd? cJlT juIj
J oUi U^. Jfj < jjJ^VI jL*^-Vt J*J> c^U U^o JTj . UAY
1AA\
i
* * «t
U^ J5"j i jU*l^M cy ***& u^J=^'
*»' JiJi
^-*n V^-jjJi ^Uxi ^k i^
JUj
MSi\ ju]
■ij«
J=r
Ufll
VI
JjjxJ 00 15" L»j « ( '-Lji\ ) & JU ^
♦ O^-ib f^-Vl p~ai- JL^i ^c _ /u J^i ol^Jl ^
¥w
IjT^i ^j < 5ji ;Cr * jj^yl <Jc D IT L. ijjH\ j^s ^ 0jJL 4, ^ jjj .
4 4*
■ m H
LtLzSoJI
i1a*Vlj <5 ui]
tiljil
j*k V <*»'ki J j-uH 0^_ o\j • ^jl jl f+MiM b^> J ^'li < *Sju>
44
^JbtJ'
**
*-i*~aJI Js>\jc S)jf * SjJjI jvc S^aM J^y:
*4
<o
>j«Jl f>cS «U> Ja Jjj-j i_» a**£|
^aJ
■^-alij & jji]
Uc
1 jt SjjjeJi ^.j^l iT^H atf 0- ^l -^ pLyl ^ r> ol J> ^
V«^XJ1 v U»t ^jji f Ul V LM-V1 jribj iua^Jl jU>-l
^ olXs < g ^Ul
± +
ft*
*fl
a-A D
U"r;
44
<j
**
.> j«i ^
ff 1
J .
. :
' i
. '1
:i
Hi
r J
if
■ 1.
!■ ''
4
■1
:■'
■n L
fa
(
I
■ 1
1
J
1 I
I
H il
^1
J rl
■ J
■ t
4 V^.^J^ ^^.^-^J o^l <kL- )AoA - NA«Y iju^l.ijjiH cJlT juJ
^«J\ J ^51-1 J>j J1 i-iUVI S_^J| J J_p*r <ki- oJj,Jl ^ J cJlfj
• 4-J.j S*jJ ji Jjl J j*l~sU cjjJLj- >T ^^ ji . ( oti~f^ )
W^ l«j cJOkil \AAV J ^^1 L^^ v ULd J ^ t oL«L241 ^ <;}_, .
*•
r 1 ^-> ' < a-i-r-a*U
)
•U4II ^^ tj « <i^UJI <j^ ^ oU UiUl 4j^ ^
o^j ♦ v^-vi ^i^uji ^ f ui ^k ci jii ^ j juvi ja^ iu^ v^i
juj .'.UUttTU
* u
: cr"*
^ Jl .A4JI J (OUI ^*^H o^ISj < E jUJlj Ji-laJi r Ul ^U^
<JID1 UUJ1 ^>>J\
o-^lji
^*^. O^J 1AA0 J u— U' oi ^it^n ^jju ^> IT
J— «~«J ^^jj^fc Jja,* ^«^
J^ 1 (*&■* o'j < uSjJ^'VI jjU^Vl r 5^J
cr-
Jc <juii ^.jJ*jyi 3-iii^jji Sj t jxj
l^-t . *«~*aJ
h
Uulj
e^-»
ail
t-
14
_>^ <&:J <>
: ( lAU- 1AW) oU*
))
4
(Jtflj jJ"t j* ,^Wi ^1*41 o^ y^,^ ^ iin ^j, U^ JJ ...
F
if
■**i fc^ £ to ¥1 ^ L ^J J i^ljl V^Vij <«L~n fcL-jVl D »
<> C^-> < >'
^ c> u-^r *>^j « f&J^ oL^i ^j oLikil
^
^' a^
ob /A uk a*, ^ijy ^J ^ltu.^1 ^1 l^ ^ uX „ ^. L
-o'Vl jlf^fl /,|
ftj
I L^ o,U ^1 ^LJI l^j ^^ ^ fL ^ Jlj ^^^^ ^.^
((
a^Jl ^k ijLL j|
u^
Ul
u^
<j;u
j oj^-tj jlocl L^JaJLi- SI . U^>.j 6jli
*# 04
J«^J1 ^ »
>
■W EM fi
n^-HM^ijv r— -■ iV-^rjlJi^>W*ftt«^W^. ■! ^/ J^-'Wftf'fflfSEI 'K^ -
t"
oYC
ULkM f U« tj i oUj-Jl ^ u=- J-i A-li ^jL^J
ij-jLU)
JJJ
'j&
<**>. <^. lS-^ ^jk-4
Ul./?, r
£tii ,> Lac ^\ iiL j, J*f ^ ^ ^ ^
*U J4 Vl> a^L. j± tjA ^i 0j £- u^, t jj. U , ^^
• ( s ) " . . . J
«~wi o-juai
VI
: l*^
;! »
i Cr* J^ J-is^ll J S^L^ :>b^ <u£)j < ^a I
* (( liji <->**■£
^'^.^ f j^b obj^l (^^^U.. juli;
»
Uilt
" *
M
*4
<J-°
>*>
U^
-LH
JUXj
^J-U^Jl *i
. ( T ) (( S <uJL-x- c ^« t
Choudhi-y Khaliquzzaman, Path to Pakistan, pp. 249-270. { \)
-Mj>;
4 0^^^ SUA." « Sj^ju ^ 5UJ \^, /tf/YV ola-fl^ V= J»J- - ( C U-JI
. Yt_vr
cr°
•>-.
^
0V0
!
_ "l
5
J-
j
i
■
:
i
1
■
s
r
! 5
a
O^Vl Jtr 0^ *jH J*V. oVj * U^j j^Vl ^-^j S\ <> U^lo^V a* >U
AAAjUjQ
olkL
± 1
g- <±LUI \jS Ujl* ^4,1 ^ jkjj ju~. 0^ -u*-1 ju-
ITjuJ
u^ 1 <J \rf*" 0> cfa. l^ 1 olLUM l*>1 jL^cl Je. a^l J V'^.^l «ijl~x
YS
JLJ3 Jl otjcaJL jfe ol o- *M-> V>L-1 <^ r LJ ^ L# _V1 <iA* jJUd
<*U ^^1 U^ U^.\j <^biJl <ila*l j^-j- jjjjp. j JT jL>.j i «u» ^ 1 J; ..^
i~l^J\ a i* ji, ^ ^ | ^bUU <i_^ <ijU,j ^Jb i,^ \^)j
^. ' ^"^ ^^b fcL*Jb <JUJb f L^VI r U l^l^ ^ D i ^ ^,
J—J <^.> o^ c^-Vl _J-i«Jl. -GUV 1>- <^!j « D U 4^.t JLwJ iU ^Jb- L.
It
[\a>lu~\ ^j-u^JI Jc /ii UoMj U^— ijLl^jJl ^U ^ ^ ( ju*-1 a^ ) ^^
, V* ^ <• o^ :: -^L J . *^j ^ *^Juy (^)
^
1^ -p
1
-x
, u
^^i^'^^ --^ ' ^ L^^ =-^^^f_-vL-" -^ ■ >■ -x." -^ rr^. , ^^^p^^,-.,^., . . __ ^rtfc, ■.^Er. i >^^- 1Jtf > . . _ ^ r^J^i:^^ ^ l^^-r-^.':: -;">:S r^ ; -* ^ ^^r J^S^V^ ■^>*^- : : " " "
oV"\
It
** *
J
*LkL* _*.&)
*4
h 4ilii o'
A
W ( Ul> A^l o^ ) J~, V ^ < Will Sji,4J| ^LiLj i.jjUiVl <il)b
V-> J\ <^ ^ ^.jox- >b < h>jW (JJo ^5U1 L*J^ ^^ ^^
. <J=4i 4.^^11 j^-Vl oUJJl
L5
L
*1
~J1 «^U>.oJl *V> ^j . JJ ^ JU
ir wt
jj,\ _j*j
j
1 J^ i i jju u ji\ i^jJi «5>J| Sj j^ ^ j -ijjA) j*j i C) «b,
. o^z _u^, ^x]| jufli ^.oJt ^Uau SJLJjJl *jl3iU> -ij^lj V. 1 ^ 1 ^
J ( i^ja^* ) j;^1 j ( <^>u,l oj&. ) <-l3l c*iL ^>lj C> J1 ^AAV J
J
^t
^*iI1 A*JcVl ^Ut ,> r ^. ^rli ^ oli'^llil J5C^ ^ ^!ij ju«J)
^
J Li VI
ft
iljji u lii vi jiku. i ^5:: — ... v C 5L^vi o' - r « <-ix <^^r l^_^j ^lu.xji
I J1 <e.jj^l ,H^L>.j, ^j-i-o jJUl ^jui! ^jll <IJ^. ^.^^^Jl
I
4
^r
,jXJl ( ,^-u^. a^>«L, ) ^^bill oi^ caJjUj- ^1 <^^Vl »=-Mll ,>j ^jiLiu-
W. S. Blunt
(I)
/
ilL
oVV
cJ j» ^ J ^ < o^j, j ^^ ^^ V| ^ j4 , ^ _ ^ o _ -uV
■Uii V-J-^l I 0^ J jSJ
o*
+*
t#
^U o/> ^ c~f o^U, <J^ j,i^ ^ ^ ^^ oV ^
. U."\
01 VI ^J LaJI
*t
ijp*^ <l^j^ -U^^LJ
*t
iu*
*4
<it. c~r j^l i)L^ ^5U.vi ^^Jb obUJl ^ ^Jl ^juji
^
J
Jji'u- ^J'J *i*U1 jl^lolTj-^lJ^^JU^Ui ^J o.
5=i-«l yill OljiVl
i. i
. 1AVV jjdjt^)
JU=^ Jtfjj <s^ u ob - J ( >ovl , ^1^
-uj4i <^J.yi ^*.ji ) ic _^
^-lujiU J^jW
+ *
4*
-^" 0l CUJJ
(J ^ $CiU) oie U^J ^Vl
<r^-^tj ijU- Av>-
I 1- ¥ * ■
* +
^Jc^
»UJ^
< v iU,Vl o «^iJ
rv )
u*2*-VUU» Jl4s«JU.jul
^,^^,^■^l 1 ^^^.*l•«^"'•«^-" ,
oVA
O' J* • ce* 1 ^ ^^ >* L*>U*L- ol Jl~^ t> V 1 *^' il jail ^ UU j ol^oJl
•J
j —
* ( <j-^* l*-^M ^^ ) c^^ 9 oli -^ J
C^U-ll Jj-^ J ( \ e \XA~ \fiyo ) ( JL3I J.<*~ ) «o r li jJUl jjjU^ot ^
*JL->J1 ) J1
>fl Jjl J, j~, lT ♦ ^.>Jl. jGJlj J^i\ >LM <
U dU
>
■ *
jlLl J c~li 1
J <pUJJ UU Ijj^ o>r*-k j iU^jju^J^ obLiJI ^_ y *c,-u i ^^oJL^o jL* ^lT eiU j ^JU-
. MT
Pt a-'^O^. (N)
^
oy\
H 1 »»
». I " IT
<s^l ^Ul Jl£_Al u ^ ^| J ,-j^| jj ijjtjvi olkLJ! cotf
j f yi ,> <JL« Uj JUT ^ sj j^ j ^^s^ Uc ^^ijlt i^j
c>
u.
fTU _ dUil ^JU ^ j^t jj
->r*i cf-
ill
W-P *J
■*
y ij*^ _>*> u-JUll ^U; -ull J**ytf U <ilf of
• (
c**-r^ (- rV ) oUwjtl *-U ^j + l^ i^t, V jt ~- JU4II
r
u
. .yLkijJI jL^VI > jUfM j^- <T j;
(Oli-fl; ) y-~-.tr JliJU
i)t
• o-^U UUU Ji, ^1 ^-uj, J JJAJ! ^ ^ ^ olf ,. (j
.( ^U. oUl^.b ) j^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ otf . ,. b
oOj ^ v-i— ;i ob>- v i^i , juii „u ^uji j ^ j, ^ JUj
< 0^ j <^A\ oU>j 5U.J1 ol 01 ^iiUil , . -h .•.•■■
*^.*J C4
u-W> ^jl^- ^ L<djSjV _ Uj ^^j, ol3iU , o|jjUj
> a- >r ^ ^iT L^_^i ^-^ U , ^^
*■
>UI^^J
of
* %*
A-ll'm^
*A.
A
^.JL*
4«
4f
\AA 6 J <-«— U 1:
j> m ( jJU4»->J5ll ) j\f
USb lo*>- Ji^* <uUi ^j)U Jib ^ i^oU-l obU c-u'tTj . jU*^-V^ <> L^>^
♦ I4JL* J^J^JVl ^r,^/*- Ji*» a^Ul J J&*J1 J£^ Jj>* <-*U-
■ ■
r
' H I .1
^j 6 ( ^U* ) u^^ (jlc .fli <u'Y JU-UU |»^**isl1 1JL* U'L. Ua*j ^-jJU^Jl ^ijj
i1
V U
It
It
,^*LJl! Allail i)lJU) JU^Jl f*~*J" J OJ^tf. u*>^1 0^"
^ *iUi J^J . £~J-*-4l (J* i**-JJUi» JaL*J obi ( jju^Jt ^'311 ) J tSjJ' c^JlT
jU^a
^_k>ljl> ) r ^.UYj o^ 1 ^ 1 ^-UJ ^ iljj * ( ^JU4l\ ^511 ) oUILrj .y^.^J^
j^- <4>-V^ ^ ^Lt -tUiiH *^ja>^ \^L^vu 3JL* ( 4.^L>>Vl ^LuljJ^ ) c^ib Jftj
". I?
s
V
^i
T"
Jl
i
■ ■*
1
i
i
lip
%
Lord Curzon
(\)
• UU» (jvio^UiiJ iu-^Lc (X)
/'
oA\
I
^ <J^1 Jitj^l J! oljcJlc- ji JjVl UUil Vj *n J**/
I:
vU-u> j1 S^* ^jVl -o^Jj'^jU J:J ju*
T
0- jo;ii o^ o^ji J^ , c u,ji 4^, v>mJJ1 ^^ ^^ ^ ^
1 j. IT, i
a«ii to* ^ D> j_u ^^ ir duur c ' jiuji j*ft^i j^i ^ y.'Vj
(») JJ*JVI ^ ^ V*-Vl VL^UH ( <iiUJ1 ) ili-l ,> 0> u,
> -
L
fa :
:-
!.
T *
* .
* :
V ■.
J ri
J J
: 5
j :
■i
i
i ;
1 »■
r
K '
i
5
5 ^
1
_■
U*l' ( .,>» < 1$ j^Vl ^ X«j
J—*! pj iUJj , ( ^1
L~*iH ^j>lj^»b UUt ) JwjJ
cJUk;1 :A*ij < j». jVI j^ iJULi
<K1q jLol
I*
#+
4*
Lin ,> j,
>UJlj iiUl ^1 jjJl ^ytf J^ M^
VjSH <ijC~J
■*♦» J Wl« J1 o*^ ^J, 4,1^ ( m? j ^^ sUJ) ^
J . IT"
*fr
*ji ) ,urt j ^ v r u. j*
fi*
J£
* Lf
5.1
> ■**» j ( ^5L-1 OUT ) ,^- J <U _ ^
jj=j-l
4
"V. J j ,-,£ ^ ^AA <u-
JOJl <^_^| oU-ljOllj ^j^Ji M~i^J&s\(\)
. VUiJl-<IjaH xil^n J c_* ^j, o^, SjjiJ ^ 6 x^ >L.
-"AK'
oAY
W u-j-Ujii j*
, #
^.m^ii :»u« tf j0 ^ ^/ ^ tf iy- j*-u>- j
<**-»** o
a
J» J UJ! JJI. J*Jj .^Ul! ^k a ^^, J>ir j^ ^
\
*^ ( J;41 ) Ji .i^jvtj ( ^41 oU^t ) c5? ( W^ LrUJI ) o^G- ot cfi.
^Oill V^JU _^- <4,UW C U»> a**,^ .i JU4JI jj>*S\ <5>
J
L-t^
jJm Vj
* fr* It ^f
,s*xll tiJb'U ^L-U
^U *;
1 r U S^L w*^l ^ a^JI ^ ^l ^-uj, ^|_ ^ j,^^
*t
>LJV1 -JUiuM 44.UL.
^Lu^ »acL5 JU4JJ jt^l L. Ijli i ^Jltw^J
UJ.U ^JLwl VI ^ U Jjillj Ul^ LjUJU . u^JU! jJUw jl^l 0JJ c Ux,
+ t
. 1
*■*!., 4*^; Jl^yv
♦ **L41 Sj^>- L$*j*j>ji V-U- ^ ^ <J U villi Jj -L-oU-yi
olkL
~J|
Ait IJU
^1 j i*\si\ V*-»H ( ^.Vj ) <«tLS- Jfl J>« ju4I L ^UI J> ^ J ^,
1
I
11
. oljLx*ylj oj^>Jl J oUUtSl'l !**>- »1jUw
Y
^
+ *
44
jaii ^.uji y^i j D ^L4^ jb4 o*iat ^j 0J & |
4
fr*
<^>L^JL ^^r ^ *£;_ bUjii ^aiijUij j^ 0>IU i sUicV|
** 4
s o
1
Jji^Ajl ^jC ^ ^
j r n
u~i U oUi =^ -j»'t- J lSj^- ysJI (JiJ I juiy J oj& Vol _,}
V.Ub <J>*»>
jjJ»J1j JUUlj V U^J1 oULlio J fc^jU <^L4i ^Vl L
»-
1
^ v^mr, jjii c^jiuui Ux»" ^i ju-jcjji ^ju^ji j^^^ji
u**^. u
1
* ^j >ij ^^ilj jSUjJ! <*lil
f
V
■l
1
If
J I
i J
r
■
o
M
^1^6* fL ^^ t 1 ^ 1 *** ^ <> oiljj J L. ^J1>J
• 4
4*
U^
<UJ
,1
. j»
jl aJ ^ Ub" 3U*i ^U, ^ xujl ^j,^ j^
udl *JUHj Ji* UJiir ott«ijLj j>bJi butii. ^ ,•
. oULL
ill
*-UII ViJl ^j b ^ ^ 4ii^4, oljUv , ^ j ^^ ^ .
^U^ olil j (:r ^W] <.U11 <,^J1 djjui tfju«M JjaMjJ , ^ ,
• <*oi-yi o>*An ,> i^
*1
;^U
44
«
^.Vj
A
4 L
1
V.
\\
vr
Ji
lb
oM
\T
u
■
. SJb-jll 4jSs*JH JU4II oUxVJ U-UJ j^jr 5U ( V-j-u* ) Vjp-
41
IU.J1 <^. \y ^311 v >j jjuU ^ 4JUdH oL^-l^ll col JU- ^i J*j
^ ^iUI Jl
«lt J .ijJ^VI j^-jM -i-JUi c^c^l jl ol^» ' J*J1 Cr« Jt 1 ^ fc^ J 1
oj^. jju^M ^Uj ^j^Jl oiTj * ( <^ ) a— 1 <> oj& f 1 ( ^U ) AiJiV
r-
r .
Lj\j i ^^^ j] _i»> a^JI J 4>-y V -b'1 _^j c cj ^j JS^ <»b ci^'^ c^'J
1
["
I-
F ■
■■ r
> ■
i ■
i
i
t
i
I
-i
i
i.
i
i :i
p 1
-! i
-J
i
.
- 1
4
oA°
<~>J
* 4-i
<> ^t Lu^j LJb UjU aii ^jtj j oi; J
<
UjL
J1 0U>J1 ^^ Djljd | jy^j ^ ^us T ^^ , ^
t»
U4i < aJIjuJI
^-^ S^ 1 ^^J V 1 ^' UUI v^ 1 '
>° «:
^11 J L«]1
\
j^ a ^i_ii ^ <_ui <_uvi oii ouvjii -ui j^^- ^i ^^, ^j,
Y
<^5l^l <J J3 .^j, o^o- 1 j Lji=-
ij
11
V U ->' <> J
jH <ilT c t>. Jc j^l. r _^. r a^x^,i oij
-r
<™a**:j
•A^
iiir j « ..
1-
^
* u-ja^Hj ^ja-LuII «ulk* o*J ,_^u*j JljA-J >>lk;
J
-1 j . 0j j^j.\ <ji ^^ ^jji ^.j] ^jj^i ^ ( ^jxi\ ) j^tj
0la-ri».<lja o^j y*J«H JL^LI ,> I^Hi^ 1 j) ^jju ^
.eLkCJ J^^l
au J { i^M-yl )
r ■
s 1
il
■U "K
■'J- I
■- 1 1
1
1 v
F '
H
It
. j
^
t«
sJjs iJliJI -UUl VJ J1 V U^1 J ( ^ M Jj a J1 <^L_j ^ ^ U£^
j
li ^1 ^jtiJI.^ oU jQj . i;.^, V^f- V^b <-*-» l-*U-»
J
1
. J
ii
% :i
r
' V.** 11 J-J'^-lj V^-V1 ola-A. Uil j ^>^l
U"
-r
O* Vj**- 1 ' oa«j1j ♦ 5ia^Jl SjU^JI oVjjt. ail L. lit <^U 1 <i|ju1 Ji^l
J>
1 ,
]
!
■I J
■i
! .1
t
■ !■
1.^
<A*. V :>L -" , «>J^ ^ ^^>J ( ubu~5"U ) 4-^iU-VI <Jjjl11 jt (j* iiJ^JIi
f
I
s* 0l <^ f l^VI ^VV5>f1 <J o^j ^J| D U^Vl ^! Loj . )j*.
cr 1
ULII
+h
e AV~
*- r
< J-*V-» ) «
"*>.* <J» =Uil J Vjh-JI <;>U1
1-
I** 4 ?. ^ y-L-1 Je ol^-TU
I
O*
i ojjUji «uj^ Uj v ^j,
<S\j
A A
* • •
j j
fi
1
■Tj
? i
i
-■.
5 ■■
J L
r
I
j
*^
3
M
■j
! ^
4
]1
i
^
*
r. fc
T a
ft
1^ I
h "i
i
; i
, r
, .■
■: i
1 i
h H
L 1 ,
^
J F,
■J fj
J
*
r
n
&
I
a
«f
t>j*£~ >m
*JJWV1 j>*i
o
J+
r
!i
r
["
r
if
1 H
I
■7r
' t
r
i
r * *
•f
l 1
i
V
0^
\
: 4- j*M ^ — >M11 - Vj|
« v 1 -^ *1>U1 ^>*-
s
^jlj oL*
t
• f ( lull -U4JI J_^. 2>bl
(
X
• 6y^^ J^L-^1 <^. ^ ikLJl f> ^.
~* ^Tt cj^ JJljl >j r UU) gsi, ^Liji JjVl -L-. uU*U11
r^-*^
UtV
u*u 4-^1 fXr j,ji 5u*u. j SjJ ,^ j.j^j, ^ j^ ^^ SjrJL ,
^LJ» J <JLuM '<*j£-^l\ J\ ^U^Vl j ^jjlj JU~jJ\ ob*«J1
• U\ \ <^ JjVl o^b" YN e^' 0^ JjTyj^.
A *>
- 0*( ^ c.t-Ji ) f)J\ J ijbu-yi j <uk ^i jH J/yj^J!
s'wr ^
r
i
"\
V
A
-\
-1
r
*
_- J
'J
«JU*dt <J>UI ^5L-
I L
t-
f I
i 'J
o
u
1
r*
i
JjVifJ.
A«*
r*
CiJ
\o\f
JjVt o«-
A^h*
\*Y
]
f.i
! .
t
V
1
h
* I
f
i
; ■
dJi iii jt
^JUJI
JjVl
JjVt^
-2^)
tyliJlo
( VW1 5 ^U ) JjVl ^^
\<>V\
\o-\o
UYY
^
-J
j
ft
7
L
t \J) i\
Lf>
e^'
'cM
^'jt'
A-M
UAV
3
j J
i
mo
■Al
J
't
iJUIt
W-v
JjVi
wv
<^JU1
.Ul
—til ^ola-^.a
JjVio.
^*>J1 a^c
ft*
dJiai^Ji
we*
WoV
wvr
wa"\
o<\Y
m
\
^ k
1
^A♦v
NA-A
4.
«*JU -ex
ftl *
NAT\
* . *
j?.J
*ll o^
h h
lJ wUJl jIj,
) JUC
^AY"\
^AV■^
u~*
Wt
( Jm# <LJi. } a
-*41
^^•^
i* 4
nmy
■T"-^
A
ft
1 -
J.
1
a a -£J3
<b.
m r
r
;L i
:
6*1 (J\ No*.* JU» ^/* ot»US
WA
N°AV
MM
NYYV
\»yj
\v\v
^y-ail J^cUm-I oLiJI
\
(iy.
•>^1
«l
^y.
--all
U*
A-49
i5
i cy^' u-V
J
lS^ «d1
V
A
^
V
a
." 3
NVTV
WU
VI ij ui s^A
\
1 t
* i
I
3 <
■p
'■i
!
\vr
wn
WV\
wrv
\VY
WoV
( v^-Vl v _j*jJ| _ VA )
ii>-
L
JjI
( UJ
liVl J ^1
-a
u^^o^-^J^
i JiU 6jM\
Jib-
I J ) £j oLi
: «uJ jll 8^*1
>S" ou. ^./
u
^Y
no
M
X
o\i
W<U
wv\
o^jmW Jc o^Vjfj «>1 £l
w
NASA
\AV\
\<\\Y
uv<\
r
NAV£
NACA
r
^AV\
u-v
: *j>* iiit i^\
ui
i
JvM
I
i i
i< ^
L
u>^
\J
i Oi^H J&*
c>^
1
J1 SjM/VV
li
(5>k
I
■"J
\A
Y
yn
f i
L P
n
1 i
0<\o
r
Not
L H
\0o\
^Vo
VW
■NTH
W-Y
f<— a* ^n j>— « j>ti
w\
v«r
>ooi
Wo
\"UV
\m
V F '.
ol>**
S
r
!->
t
"\;
t
\$f
6V\
I
jjiuudl i )!^iM&<l&**&ti>*f&~j»
rJ UpUj v jUl J*J >tb Vi#Ujt J>.1j UpUel Jil ^JUl -Si -u*Jl »
UoU* J4>1**j »_^ij« *ut*4b LucL-^j »_^*J" (>y W^^J ijk^j> ^UVb U*l>t
? ))
^*vi ^adij. ^3Vv ^v, ^ gxiji; > ,> oi jc i^r \
>-*_? ^=rVl *^V\ ju-J1j ^J\M ^"V) jyl\s U ^S\ J^Vl >Jlj ^2iVl ^Jlj
aVtktJ^fij* j£J jjj&jJ\ *^J J oIj^j jtu^Lj' £>b'_$ £>u)1 v*^ °^J«H r^LS^ r^
• « j-j^41 jjuJ^j -J3LJ1 '^jJU
sf
#)
* (( L41j 7^-^aJl ■ ,a.l,v4-)j L-uaJt
<JU*V^ <~J^ UJI S.^1 J\ 4itjJi\ ^jUU .JL* Uju^I UU a«j
))
.^Jl ^kcVl A^iVl 4-u.jfVl <JjtfVI <*LiiM <^V1 Vj-^ 1 v^>
JUl <J1 oJJIj Wl=rJ WB >UU c> Jj^J WIT u-Wl C^" ^ J* J Vj^
1 »
Jt! Vj "Uu* ol>J^ ,> Jj>-b 'uJjj ^Jj OJ lo^l -icUij .jUi *»\ j£
cJU Vj J; j>- Wai-J JJt Ls-lbj ^4*^ L*-**-J <C^ l-4-i^J ^j^ 1 U**^.J *— » i>
/^
o\V
>- — c ^ JWI J»y» Ol **UI jo^- UjU, i)*V\ oilj ^jVji-^-jVl oji L.
• (( Sjfc* L^ JUi S^ oW;;il ^ ^ L«J <_j1_, U^a ^ oij
a><
»
oUJ^ll l^j 0j ^ ^ut J ^^Tj o^ VW..L. ulk^l ^ ^j_, ^^
r UJ! ^>J| jlj ^jjL^ ^^ ^l£ j, ^ u JU01 jo«JI |Ju»
Jfl OLJ JT > js- jjjj\j Sjj
VJ^" <> »
ij-j-j y-Uil ,s*ii ^JL-
L.
h
■ j
* « u~ll -^Jl grt? J uj^ll <>Jj ,>Jull ol^J) ^ 0jJ Ul •
r^»
r
♦3
, r
oo>" f*b f^Ji o^> <> *li ^i ^Vl 1JL4J ^ t A1 U*n <u^j ^
■ «LiH *\ UiJT SjJUj L^ioJ Ujl^l ^ l^iy ^ ^y
<U1 OAA
<*ill oj* jj,^- ,> J j ,l4»-
«>(**LJt
} ^U ^ ^Ljjiu.ij ,UUV jrwLA-j sl^iiH ^jLi* U>oi j
r
«JU5
U
-H^ 1 crfJ' <>3 J j^in'jii. ji ^-^ai 4i,^-vi /UoJi c
C *
))
Ul_ vJ.j^j, ^ ^.>tlb >^1U ^.>^ ^^ j JUy.AL.SiU^vi -w
^
s
*<u
VjSi'Ol'*-* Uj^U <Ja*jUj WaJJ L^c, blku-w' bbJ" <J| Uj^j 4JJ1 ^ Jrt
fljeVlj VJ.U1 f bVl J o^" U ^j ^LTj .jUjuaI jiiu*;, .Jl
V^.?
<J1
jT <_>-•
^3 {£ : 1 dii ^\ jWlj ^JUIi j^ ^1 yoJujj ^LkcVI ,_,- <> <JUJ!
Li j^jM JiiDL. ^UUI JU1 U*wij1j ^J1 v lJu U- ^; J_, ( ^u-^J ^
o-sLi ..siU-j -JUS ^k <^Ji (VWi , oi bj OJ b,> j) ^u Ll^
4fr
))
Ullj vi>^1j J>«~J1 «=*;>*Alj Lj^* <> P U^J1 owl*, LaS>«> ^jVl
* « iX5-L*iJ OJJ-i >»«J1 J <jifci» «> *Ji
u/
o1_j*
WVl l*i* LlAsjU .UU»J
U-rl <> 4/U ^jVl 01 Uilji ^
• « ,ib*Vl <Jl> ^*uJ\ *lj_j U U-ulj jLjJI Uj*^-1j jj,a*J\
UU
r
4*
0x5 4 Jl ^J| jlki o^'Jj5 Sal, J^ U>i L^L. yi\ jjjjj L^L* ^tdJ^
■■ ■.
^
Jj
Vi V>-j Uiojlj j\X\j JS& U5> jUI ^U**j i»ur >T ^^ ,>j
4lil {ja UJa>-j ^^437 Uo^v- J^JI u-jLu W-^.j 'j-S-^- ^-^-L* ji^r^* j™ U-^ ^,r^* ^
♦^U^-j ^u^ v.1511 Jl SJiUJl -ucj j^~ SaJb ,> -Lj. JUI JjUl Lib lili ))
/^
0\<\
JSj_ jL^i <£jjj *l» ^jJc y^^j <c_^>- ,ja; J) j „^ j o-jj oo>^J <^c ^LmJju
sU^l ^Ij^j *LiI» ^llk-j JUa/YI ^Umj juji £.jLa*j J^ 1 ^J 1 " oA'ov
j-JI ,/Uj ~J>yJ\ ^JL^.j _J>^J1 ^iil^j ^asVl c*»Li-j flaiVl cJLa,j
*U*aJI viUgjj *Ua!\ ^iliwj y-^JI jL«Jj ^js^l ^Jaj Ll* Usti j CjJll ^^J
• « c-^* cW-' a-> m C 1 -^ 1 c> jt^.J C->-> lb - C*-ii
L_^k5j J^ljll U^ki ^LL. ^k a^I Ui _^J! 1JL* U^L^. U i\j » ■ ■ ■
W^ o^Jl ^b i,uij W^- J* f .U&i\ UJi! dJUb- J u»ji lfj j) ■
k-i^y J^MJ ^^ <iiUJj j^\j juiii ^jj o^Jlj 3i.il. ^ifll f iUVl obj
• « oh-^J j*V*-'J ^L» >xJl_, JUI) oUjj oLl*j o1>J1 olT o oU,
i
i ,
j i
i; ojj^j «U>U1 c^XMj ^j,^_5 JJM r >Mj oj^j, ^^oll J** Ui
»
*\*»SJ\ f j£ f jJl lfj jUl JwL^j ^U^zJl j^J] J i^JL,Mj jUJl y|^ >J!
i*
^-j-yj l^JUi jj\j! o-u«j L^JUi. ojli j Lui:!^
ft
L* j Ll« .Lis- oo-L«
-c^j ))
o^lsJIj L>L«, JJjdlj <-** <^lj ^.^ il^ ^Jc Uj*jU <^ j,-! Vj «u*>-
> — tHj u^l^ joaij u^u^ t> ji J uyuc -bjij ljjuu ^s^iij u.,j!>
<u^ll w^^UJLi ^^a^j ^jsj ^'^j ^j-4c J jji>Jlj jjuII Ldjlij »
L
J <.^cVl ^b ^UJl ^U <,L^J UjU ^U>41 vJl^lj 4,^1 v^l^Jllj
Oj^ij* Ji -^' XJL^ ^Uj J 1^'lTj 4j-U^ cu>.L^j -UL^/ o^'j ojuc jUj o^
C^c
<
V.
U-W-j Uu^ i^j ul_ ^ ^ 5*ILs~.V» r u* -u** J ^1 Ui
».
f
rj*f
>»
ruji
^Ijjj _J>^J1 flS L*si ijLsJ) Isj^. J* -cutUij <u*lL._,
M 1 ^ &O u*Jt >1-0si y^l c«i5j 5a^vl c^iV, <lcV1 cJaHj--J_^ J I»
tu*^ .^ zyj ]
A"
o
51
j c u~aJi ^iu^-j ^u^i o^ij ^u^n ox^tj »
-J1 c^Jb JU~V1 cJuUj., JU11 jjLi-j rW-JI 0jiUaJJ ^j, ^^
* « j^UaJI v y£M cJd; j *-Ia>JI A,oJ1 c
j -JhTVU ^L^Vl o^^ oUlU
J <i-Vl ^Atj ^jju.
((
^j o-b j>-
■> f4«i^- 6-° a *- 1 J- 1 . ^ J *«l 0^
1
t>^-b **-«*- cU»j <^JTj 42j.j y_Ji\ j-uM Uc ,Ui s _^i JU Uj »
^ J\J\ ^Vi ^ ^ lia^j jiUJ) C.JJ1 J^ ^ J^ <; ja S ^ ^jj U
-i-Afcl ^Jl Jl ^1 lil JJJb -Hj ^\J\ J^l ^ til j^t
((
^c*c_y1 Vj UjUL» a c
+ t
^L
wjy^alb O^L-Vl C^jLij oiU»Jl o> jLLTj »
Ll.
!^j «~J J c^li JUJI JL^Jb JL^d! JUJI j^^ Uji^ JU« ^
<ijUJ| <> jjie ^ j^ _, L^j) JU v b ( JlH dUi _p=i Jl Vj-1j oLoJ»
^ ^L»j oUJl r UL, l_^u-t icU>. Lu 04*a^!j abuJi olTjj
*«
(H^-
»t
« ol
<>&
* **
•>eJ »a.A-w«
C^J^. ^^J^J ^^ £jj» Uj^ S_^) j^] ^if })
J j?T Ui ^ ^Jlj ^JLuaHj
oj-oj J icL- a^ ^jjbMj U^ll ^1^
<> ^J *L»>1' t> v>
.UJl
-^-J oirfrj^ ] t> ^U>- ^^ 1 Jul ^Vl j^i ))
f lo5Vl J oiJbj pDL- S^UmJI co.^jj, ^L^ ^Ml ol-j ^41 ^U U.U ^^1
s
,t
t
oUUi
cJiij-lj CJ I^ JU-JI ^ J ^UJlj ^Ul p'Uij U*i.
* « ol*L« UJuuVj ol^J" u cJITj
ij^j \jju, ur, , j3lj!j , J3J ^ uj- jUfVl o ^ jluSV( ^ ^
re ^*-^ r
<rfX«L-, iil3 ^j^l oi Ui wUSiil ^^Uj \j^j Ij^J
ei\h\ J ^-.u^i 0j L^ i j yj ^.^ obij.^jtj. ouxi, ,.,[,..,.
-i j JtiUl o>Jl
■r 3
LI
J-
tf
4
*
1 %
\
j
>u
« ^j ^u Sa>.lj i^^ VI ojjli^i u ^u .
jL
))
J^ Jl bjU jWtj JUJIj jU^Jl ^ ,>., zj-jl f4»\ J\ .V, V-
yo
l«
4*
* « jLoM o'lijt <> r ^^ t J
*-U, ^Uil cJji JJ>J, ^b ^ <> L^l, J^l ^Ub UJ, A , ^
))
liUr
«
<> <>. ^ fji^ lt-^Ij ^ju-tf ^Ij ^a>. Jlb-lj ^juu: J^b ^Ul
1 T
ur.-^^ Ltf-r'^ crf.../ 1 ^ u^j^-u
+4
J
r 1 °^ C^ 1 <i~aMj OUji j ^l 4JUJI oJU Jc
j U AjOj ))
+ *
J
«k5j <^li> SUoiij vj
A-**
Ui
\
yrJ^
p
^
t^y l^j jvavij ju*.v» v>3 jujij vb oit i /yj j^u,
b>j
^
j^3 fi-^^- »-Ubj <Uj
'^ rkh °j^
* « ,\4UJi
UT.
-W*J!j O^^l V u ^^ J*"
o^*^ A_iU5 J^5 ^ Uj *^j oJ ^\ rl ^ji vLL1 _^ ^
<^
I
h4
*4
-ij <^.^ ,L^!j ^^L p^LA! ^k V^ ^ ^ ^U
-r-' t>
,J£ J
UU ))
Cj* o-*jv\
*»
■j ^j-u- j^j ^^^ jjo^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^
ui
;l
■ <^ Jc L>^i ^ ij^ij Lj , Jj4) ^ j Ua-;; . n
^
: ij
w^K*"™"™*
VY
r UiVlj S^L^ <^JUI u-XWj S/u ^ ^jb ^Vlj 5>U a ^jJb OiJ^r-
*■ (( y..s? Sa V. -^«vv4*aij -u^vi _;ik!b uui ;^u^ s^ik^, jusvu
.iiii
<> o^j ldl*jH v>li cJlki Ji>11 U*juUj <J_j^4I <Jk!|
W«~Kj J* WIS" Jj-i" ol L>V' U -slJaJ^ *\jJ& L^— » Ifiwj JjaJJ iLL^l
fir* J^ u*^-J' «*"■' ^' W^ J-^J
fi
aSJl
«
r-*
r""
-•
* tf.,/ f J?. 1Jj * 0^jm» U--UJ' £r~*' <***Jt (\#. J^ UU )):
jJLIl fjJ\ u
.£>
a>. ^ ^U jl ^Jai olf^Jl <Ui u^ij olj^COji -Ui ^Ujr
-3d Lgi^ ^1 <cU^ll .^ <> ^i^U * * i^ j^il U ^brjlj f iU-Vl <J ^^1
t*
L
_-41j jL^Vl C^J^yj ^Udl CoU^-lj ^UJl ^u» ic\kJ| ^ j^i^ J,Lu
^UJlj o>.U^Jlj ^J] oilyj ojUIIj *uljJl £^j> . c ^jl1 <J1 a^.LJb o-^j
,£UjM .jUlj Jjj^H ^hi JiU^Jl Jj\j jc~\j1\j j-Vl xxj AtliJlj ^'UJlj a^-ljHj
Viai-J <Uj*i. J Ji£jj l^iC^i Jjajj I_jX^uIj ^Lij _^41 V* 1 *^ a *^>J »
*i
*ftflj 0i a * i ^' AikJl jTjj ^^^xU^-j ILuJl J*! l^JL) ^c UMjj -ukc^j
Ij/i, 1 ^ ^^ ^j J* J^^i)j r Ji*db o^i ^J* ^ ^ J ^ju^II
coi^yj, ol^ijJl ou*L*Jj VJi /Jl c^j ^j&}\ c^jj 1jl*> U^j Ujl. .ut >Jb
* « ^UiVij ^jhi\ ojLLj ^LoVl ^Lll a^^,lj ^U\ jJ^\ i*^\
, (( \jjijA Ay? o>^l j Ujj^j Ij^^ Lu*^ J-ow - J1
i
h
i
5
i.r
))
*■
/ '
« pUVt jja^» 2j> 3 f M^vi <>j eW>l; <,L-ax;J
V^3l o^lorj ^^Jlj ^>U)
J*»
j-jsiJI oJlT ^lj ^
))
Ud
I ulL.
j IT
u^ 1
l> ^ ^JUVl 0^^-j ^'UVlj . r jirVl;>- jL^Vl
1<H.>L^ jL^s jxi\ oJ^li JUTj
-^J
t*
^J
((
;l*JI ^L, J* J.JII z]^ Uj\S~\ U&'j jloTVi ^> I4UL-.J jUUVl J*
(ji^n-^ *^-J y^>-jU '-j-^-J
,-*
V^ 5
ui
4i
jja^ ^uj j^i, oi^ ^^ ^ j^ ai ^
^
J>!
• « »JCJ ^A>4I
^U- J I JU^Vb <^~H J~- Jc ^Jui ; jU ji a* ^ju ^j »
Oi-JJl jvi- ,«i*r
t*!j-S» u^-Vl JJsjmVI iJJb-jVl .ij^JI tfjJW JUU
«Si1 U
.AA
.Llw* jc^i ^j fi ,u rJ jj]| ^ l, ^
-UJ
4i*}L« oi
• " D J/^ ^-j
K
I
!
_**£
w
oV
U ^ < \ ^ i ^TU, : ^L ^ j^] 0)
i^VMfri,^ i-W^i-K.tt/-' ■ "-r-
^.i
■AjJUai CXl>f £■ ^^^1 f LiJU JUoIM (^li UV>. «
1+
1 JW1 ,><>)! 4
> UL-yj c <JUu^. m\ Jc LUTy UjI i ^J^\ i^jj ^ y _ < tJU ^
t^M
J*
♦ (( ^Uj, <uk ^ JL» ju^ < oUlfll
4*
LiL^all oUuL
«J1 U_^j Luij^-j lo^ij Ui^Lu^jlj/U^ Ue-yj
I
J^— J iijlill < f UiJ1 pIjJCH Sjucj i'flliJl *b3^ 5jji5 Luaii- oS olTj ))
"^ r^Vi <mh ^y < *ji ^>- jl« Lib ^U- ^Vl ^3jli -Sri <b-y jL*b41 c <i»
dill Oj-*-*-* * fJajB-H JLill *fr : -." | .j
< ' jflkHj j*atiS\ <I J^a>- i i^^l LjjL^j J\x>
c Uiy^j UjfUu*) i JLiVlj ~u~Jl J * j^J\ J a*. w-oj^U UlTj 1 ^ v »
. «
pt^Jl Jj> <k^ J! iU^ ^ J^y U^^j <J1 jL41 Lib ^L-^ L> j-^lj
i I
-■
.■.■_
Ml
si *
'I
V
"?
J
■■•J. I
tr
' i .jfii f
^ ■?
V
"V i
I
i.i
I
'■*r 'I
■■■ .]
i [
' j
' I,
^
I
j ^J?
Jgfe' 'I
■ v>,.f
v
■i
4f
. ■ *
1:
:
"it
■■■ -y? I
t
"■-.
_ rj
^i 1
l/J-Ui o ! ^U ^ -^y^ «-i* ^ ^rAJI U»lS"j -^y ^ ^1 J^,j Ui
))
fi ^
j
eiJU_«j 4 oLLJ
ij C <J^uJ]
fl^SL
f *
A^-JAJ
* (f UJI ^-^L!^
jb^lj
UjL*- bLi^-1 ^^m^-j JjjJl J\ J^Jl j>j ^> i iJlJUijJI j liju^ 1j>^j »
■ flf
/^
&
-■ &
i
M
m
1 1.
f ■ ^
i r
£ -I
. « u?
A
t
o~~^ f->i J VWj" J' < SJ>-U1 U/L—.
i-r Al 1 LolTj J^y
p r
p- rt
- *
J* 8 ', £^ UjC«*c £-U oU-^aJl s-iij UU )) ■
Vyjj ' <u4l J Lib oU- ^ j;^4l jC^JI ^.j_, i oUi^l . .k.^1, »
'4 *
(Slh -Ujj Ui £ JUUJ e jWt f L,j , oUjuJIj oLiQIj oUL-JHj >iab <ulc
■" *
_
■■ I ■
r&r
4-
l
- ^ .^
.1
1 d
I i
■f
■•J J
-J
^ JUj ; <J» jU41 Lib -yj j,' ^Uhi < 5^4, j, ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ „ ■ ■ • ;
, « lju-1 bull ojjJvA^] ^ fj (. Uf.^ Jjub«r ^jli ,> Ja
(f U>L>
! OU- c ^j C ^ o^ jL^j tf ^^UJl ^ Jl J l^Jl Jjt ^ jx\
.#■
.. v .
I
i
^f'ij^t ojl
cr"J (W*^ ^
14
> J
n.i
11.1.,,]
Jr *
1
J^ i^^il /L-Jl <> Uij^ <Jw L^i
U- .tfiWl jl^ ,.„ ju
iy
f*
>4-M _>~ l^lj < UjJ
,u>
<~-»JI o*J1 r^ < ^ i-u^-j u ^ £j ^ ^ ^ ., ^
■L-iM 1j_^b oljbJl
rb
a» — a c oU>ji ^ <ju^j, ^^ c Zj>uad] u ^ Ux c ^ u . < ^
*L»- ^ cJ^j < W^JIj ^.jUXSaJl UXJU. ^Jc
U^ c o»! ^ *^
**
OJ
II
!*4^»J oj>^41 UyU^c ^ ^^J
14
h i oLuuau
,Uii i r-*. J 1 " j^' i vj*^ j^b ' -^ ~ai uuu ^ , ;u*j
<V»L*, ^ij <^ <^| ^ ^, ^ _ j^ < ,
** *
<*•
UuM
*--•»«" «=•.*-" o^. J' 1 sJ^xJ
Jjli>Jl j _/jL~xH y* e ^Lc "U U> j*j <u>
ojU^ ^ ffju r^s.j (JWj r*A*j ^'^b ^u u_,5L^ v-^j < ^jk.
> ^.iTVlj gjUilj o^l «—■ Jl*- ^i
i J
r
j
3
H
fc
3 -
i
j
J L
3 ,'
i ;
'J
w
' 5j -^ :UUJ1 J.^M^.'^-jiJ ' ^Uxll 1_^Uj JUAJ1 IjSjuj , JLL^aM Lujj
■■ I
.> ^^^ < r^ 4
* • •
V
1 ■
,r ?
J?
4
j
i !
r i
^.A
*\
i
f
u:
*J\M
^ <juju» Swjjijj i!^- ob v 1 ^ 1 <"j**J' -^^* - v ^m
l^aSti-^j <JUJLJ) iijJUi J oUlc^l j> U§J U J5" <> <s^j£^ <^j£*J1 Jjbjtf^
I
Jc
^■-
^^ <*bJ\ iJl^Vl ^jSj^ll ft^U^ <L*^-o »j>^ <JUl*JT 4-oj£»J| ^Jjujj
**
»b U>b
^O*^ *J^ ^
*#
-T** J
JLJic
4t
f*
(-5"
*11 uj^JI Jsui ^ — ^^r-Jl <li**J1 Jl
J 1
J1 J=^ J A^Mll ,> L'l^VI v 5 ' 1 ^ ^ 6* ^-^ J * oUV
^ **>-> 6:^-^-3 ^.^-^^ VU L-u ob ol-A*-* W^ cr^bVb 3-^UI
JLl. ^cji r> ^^ t 4JtU41 J5U41 ^.^^ j ^5^JJ dUiTj \ v"\\ ^Lu- JjV^ j^U>. j^
* <|^\x <0 t >^* L^O^^Jj f>^jJl ^iU; j bbu I4-J OjJ.j ^xJI <LuJ|
L L
T
ft
t:
B
J!
I
m L-
i J
! r
■ si
¥
: f
! 5 i
■ ■.
: Jfl
■ r !
L
-}
' I
^ ;
I!
f "J
i f
-i
v\
Jj> J OjjbUl uj^Vl ,I^V1 pJu Ob vUiJl *^1 jl^
II
o JjUI
siUif
JjVi
j^fJLiu Jls. <S
fJ-T-'J
i r> ^n i^> ui 6-»'Uv» ji^i ,> - *\ 5jui
\XaS jl Luc
*j • ( i,5U NAtV ) N TVA ^_^li J 5_u*4l f ^J ^u. J S^Ulb ttWI
• 5^*UH dU; J <u4! ^uui ^ ; jiU L Ju ^ f
V*
^jZ^u,;
jU>
ii 6^J v^ai oijlx.v! ^ vuiJi ^ J x^n A^- ^ v oui
Lull -iyVl J 5 u!ll yuVl ijbj <> fcL-Jl ol^U! Jij ■_■
tf
£>J
u^
*+
u^j*^' >= t>j <*b" Avo^L^j
^jaII 0-. Ujli ^1 ^luo ii,^,, ^ ^ Vj - ^ J ^ ^
uill JSL-jII ^1 iU^b u^- L^'U U*b^ ^j /-x-^V»
>iUi ,-jin «»
IjLjuVL; .JCox!
-T
1 jW r 1 5,jUsJl ^Uxt ^L^. U
<^~- -^ Oi-U' J--ULJL ^il^Vb VUUII <^j, ^oj- jUi ^ ^^j
<J I 41 ^U ^^j ^iko- ^-u^ ^^t j ^ (J ^^ j v ,^ v , ^^j,
^jfll <£- vdli ,> ts ^ u, u ^.^ vl b>J , ^ Uj jM) ^ U>J jt ^ ji ^ )i
^^
^
e^ ,> <j,L4i <uui j^! 6; ^ l^^^ u ^ ^.^ v , ^^, _^
> ij/OH <LU1 J^l j^z, ^a ^JT, • U j j_ L 3 ^
6^. *>r^'
n>
IN,
U
* U^^iljl (j «Ju oj
^uSJb
j L->^ >l*S-» u*** W ,^-UJV ^141 OssJjaJl-Jc
*' *
Ajo
jsi\j ( *>**
m
* +
oto*U* J 4>.j4l1 atjUj JsULJI ^^ JbJ^ ^ U«, J^J; _ V<oLU
rl
v 1 ■
UiT l^^aj J1 a*jbH la* ti^j * <^>U- Sjj^ Sa*Ui
*!*> l^jjs j] IJjuy V
J r
• • •
H I"
r
X
■■ 7 i
I ■■
I
-i ■ 1
I
J T
; a-
J !
i ■
1
* ■
^
j 1
I
1
K
!•:»
JLiUHi 4*^*ji ji *t*4n j ^ijJij ^^i o»j*-Ji v*u»
s* J^ if &j*d\3 4/oUJ! J
■ *■
If
■V '■
3;
I 1
I l f
■ 1
i
■_
1 j
>*.
* >
j
't
r
f 1
* 1
1
^
jH L^jjj U J^\ Ulk^.J.* }UU* oUjl J oUjll wi^i'
■ L I '
<> <i^L, 5 j/-U1 5 /-Ul J ^Jl**^ 0- t^'-^ 1 •*-*' o^i* c ^j1 oil
i)j ^,L«Jl iJUUI <<j£>Jl csy «>» J*ULJ1 ^ ^ ol>UVl JUIJ
C
J»j»
• L*
JVlT ^ l^e oUU»1 ^ai JU1 V U1 4^ ji]\ J,ULJt U
^xllj »a*Ul »j
,> <JUl Sjlll j s^_,J1 S^iJi D u JLJi oUI Jii
i
■ 1
<-i»jM j>V» V^ Vj <*4» ^ (*) <*— toll JUl V U1 ^J j^sj
UVI a-i* ,k
L>
oLII d-U
y- j>i •>• j jjijji ^u ji^, u-i >iuar jur v ui ^
j
^b! J u^ljJI liL^S l^1 j! uljiV iUi msll jJUiJl ^^Jb' \ci J_^
44
s— la5 (N)
HP
•m
f*+ + + d*J ^ I O
^ 61 J* ^ ut <j^,» ^bl j >V I l^-j -LjUju
^ iljtf Ol JUb, o^v ^U- L_-f y J ;,^| ;ui f UJt L*I
<> k#. «>J1 O^V ujC- J*j r l~JVl wIUj _»j^r c
^ i>bVl JljiV
>. r l* 61 <JUJ1 v'JIj Jjft ^Ul r l^1 j^Li Jul, v ui ^
UjlSj jj
j>— i U>*y Ltic
LjC^I fj^j ^i,, n VI iS^vJ
jTLi Uj ojkll £.U* WXjl ^1 JUcVl ,1^ ,> ^ J^J
A-^*J1 4
«> m-j? s jU i j ^ ^ ^ ^j, ^^ ^ Ub .^ M] ^^ ^
ju\ v ui ^ jpuii ^^n 5jiji j ^>j 6^b ou.i *uai oir u^
_ : jW U«, j'lp.^ U*U o>Ui J Sj/4i JJU4I ^^ j
\
u^y^^.
V
•Li J i^d) <*+* J.UL. ^JjJi ^1 ^ S^l ^^ , _
&\J\ <^U^i\ 4-^11 l^tLAi oUjI J oUi^l Mi41 oli ^ 0* *~i»j.
•ji>J UU^j LjJU^j i_^l ^j^>V l«T>. iJUiJl 3-jkJl f Li t, 'jjlill
+ #
Ul elL- J S^^ ^l j\j, j] ^\j ij u/y ^ V Sj/ill <ik4l j
V- Vv lHI oUv ojC v -j _^ 4jt, oU^i j 6U3^ii >^4i eUir c ^,_j
c **
l^L* f-UJt jl V'ji' y 1 -^
JjVi ^'^^
tt
ijr JUo^l ^ JUJI V U1 ^^oU, U _ V ^>-=^
■j t
£ (
s J;
1 3
■
- I
^
'= ?
i 1
.
-■:
t .
, ri
, ir
•■■ ^ 1 ■
j y i
' ■ T
.: :f ^
?■;
XI 1
i ■
\ i
i .■
i
>■!
■^
-
■t'
s ■
1 ,
' ■■&
1
^
•1
■ ' • i:
\
J
■ 1 *
F
1
f '■ $.\'
,
■V.^.l
-
_ , , . i
■
1
^
'
i t -^
■ 1
■ X
^
: .. -'s.
"
! " i^
■■
1 ■ ■■!
.
] ' ^J:
.
!'■•*■
■ i .its ;
! -8
j
;■■■!
■■
■' 1!
1 ^ S
'
r V
'*fl
! .y
1 j 1 1
;
. ; § :i
i ^
1 ■ ; l ■'
.
■ ' ■ %
■ n
'• A ■
! ^
! < !
■ r '
■ : ■ . . I
'. :
^ 'yfl
iiTi
-
ill 'l
L J| 1
1
" ' '• ' I j
■ ^ i •■! j
!Jf "
■. i
3
Jy
:.' BJ
h l
; .1
i
- ^
^
■ i
t ;
3 .'
■ -I
1
j ■ *
-i ■
- n A x
>i l^u^i; Ja*U1 ^j^ ^ <-o1J1_>
J,UxJb l^ as ^U4, Sj> _ ^ ^- Jjrii) ^ u , o| ^ ^ ^ .. u ^
ab-
^a*J * La aa
I
*+
t»
ur . ^ ^ ^- ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ -
U*ot <^
eUiT ju^ w^ otU3 , ^
t*
o** iS' J c-JI
—" * > ttiJl ojjfc
J»1j=
^i ,> ju- ^ ^ d bjj . ^, .^ ^^ ^ ^
> ^ H* <m, j^ ^ ol jW , ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
oU U • ,^, L^ Uj , jA , uu>j ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^
^ 01 J^J (^aic^JI U^j
W^^. >u cj »**i\
14
ULX^^vi <IU^
(>**-> u^^Vl ii_,c Jjjj
,> *t ur ^^aai ^ ^lj
44
*J1
o
i.L . I .r . *i t • . . ^ I LT*
J-Vl aj^ L^Jj ji^.
i^ 1
t-y y^ly atij| i.
U^Lc
Ui ^ik^vi j <uv^riji ^-vi ^ W! y^
u-.-^ <JJ
L^»jUll i^j j^
6l-*fl^i
^j * j
• * •
tb
.'W
•"\ V?
*- - J
4
T
A
JT l4cL*i o^ *> L^^ M O^ J .^^b/UL^ji <*S\jV\ oW^I c-Jtf'U-
^ijVi ijja-#i js lair Uj sr^s^sn Uo^ j^>. jo^i ji u^, ^ t^y
: <JU1 iiidi <> 4jjUi
<UUu*Vl J ^Ju^iM CJ » # >u^ ^ jU-uZ* .iac
<> — *J> Ojy^j* £*£*» — Vjl
* u*-*i U t-^^
UU
F ■
L
^^^.^ lilij <>jVt Jc ^JaUl JfA**!! C--W-JL5* ^j^J ^jJ o^^^ji fjL ^Uj) JUjj
Jl
* "\ nv J soi*4i fjj^>J sju*u«j <ij^4i d-uouii
L
^ dUij ^UV j ^X^JI <*£»» (J I U* l$J _il&>»U J=UUI £***. JUj %,\f U^>-
* <oL^j &jj*^,> t 1_£^-Q^> 4JL_A*il -w>
h ■
£jL41 ^bVl J^\ JL^j ol 0^»>i^ t> ^i^ 3>m V -ul ^j^All ,> - L^U-
* U^w.^^ ijUJUoUJ J^^^l^ J—Vl JaLJfJj 0^
** Fl
^^^) ^
p*~J«
«3jJi jyi < »t^yi )
• ■ * •
i i
^ i
L
\\o
J" .
< ^ £LJ1 ) ^IjJI J &M1 J 4Jc ^jtl JfyjjJl
\w*
^ttJl OLr* ^ a*
A
1 I
: olo! J<>**Sjll o'
ij+>u. \jj» 4*Uili y^L-j olUuJi AJ^U ^ VU»ijJ' <•**"
■_
j
u^>
>jL-J
J^io. _^4I JL41 .-o-L*, o^kUJl <)>U
uUdl
tfU
i\ <JiU jal L^j <ij>i^l <J>U1I ^L^! bUl o> vjoUIj
J i^jlaJl j. jjj ^V! jJU«H
L> ^^Js- -Ujw jy»Vl
iul
L^>j
JjA\ hjjo]j^,y\
b ^U_£> ^ ^ jij| jU;v1 J/yjjJ! 10* J i^ju |^^.l ^
-'LjiV! Ifjdl jjjbJI
^slUI
** VU ** * ^ V1 ^ dl ^> -W *SW1 ol^jUll ^1 J <^l
i-L^Vl J Ajj^l^vi V-jJI Sj li-J1 cJ^I ^ Y <i~ V T < Y Y M j.,
^ *.-l. ^>I^VI 4-J&JI ^ » l^i J^r YM ^ i/-i- JUI _UI , i|
e —
c-^ pw *-^ j ^,11 <~^i j.^, ej 5jJ ^ Jj5l , .^^ J
./a- -ui ^, ^ ^ !jUmJ1 ^ > ; a ;
>wuj
^]^
oU*Ul J i^j^jll Sj^tl\ Jc J-kJ \»-a>J Jyflidl ^jj a>A»Jl Ja^- ^'
4V/V ♦ HI W-o S/JL, »/41 eUr JU vUi-Jl <*jJiJl .c^U-U - J^Jl SJLiLJl
r j— ~u uiy jun v ui otf"u » 4ji uj *u \\\r<^> jiiT ( r\) na^^ao
L^J *b!y ^^ Jt \J\jy\ '^jS^l ^jj ] J Ulj iiUJT olT Uj W~ VH l
^ui(\n\j ^Jjlb Ht <*Sjl1 V^JJ 1 *jU~Jt S/Ju. <J^U1 5 /ill J
i
^ * ) jliT YA l^i^^Uj YA U-oij *j^-*-» ^^ (J* ^^j^ ^j^-^J^ ojU-U
*Lo jX» 1
m
&Uj&1**5" *^jj
i^yur ^JUl )) o^lb Ulc cuLU.1 l$M l$*i cJli N*\\V ^~* ( oL-**»
1 \A*A <i~Jl *-u>l~> j> Ja^b <H*)1 ojUI tSj^v VUiJl
X*U < «i^U SjfJLll j j.jj UT dUSj <Gb Jsljb^ <SlaJu a»j>^J LuJ" ,^j^j1
ajj^iJl ^ -U'U ( tjU* ^jf^ *UU«ja J^ Jai?eZ»J ) <*
>jj\\ *jli— *J1 oJii ~ui
4*
L ^w
V»( VY ) \ j ^-j3» Ui-/^ J Ja yJH Ja^Jl j U >^ ^jw VI ^^^Sll
«jTj-bj ^c>j — «i- 4jL>lk* OjTJUj Lib ^J*- .«u*^ ^Vl j^-*Jl yo~L^> J I V-"J^'
' Lfr^ V-?^ (J' <**'jll (frJ^V^J ^^3 <aL^ ^UaBj 0^ U^ti <kii ^yxvk £jA
f-
i -
r
1-
-_*_
r
■\\v
^JUi oojij • «i>Vl <4>J\ <> ^V ^^ -i^*^ f\W >~~Ji yo-u*., <e- or
^jLJI j ^Vl >u*n Jl ,^-jJl >~J1 U*ij V 1 ^' •/'■*- J otfjUJ.1 oi*
^V JUJI V U1 W> a-i V^ooV joc SjS"Ju J dU-tfj \<\\V JLu- lji>
.>«--" o*
Jlj \^r<^(3y\) l>U> j+* Cy Oi-^b l r oL ~ n J V-JJ 1 5jU«Jl
• S^/il! <uJl ^ jj^- j^^jj* ^-lill J iJllo^l SjU«J|
::l
]-
""J
: *
1
- -.
* -i
H —
a *
; -
H
- 1
■j ■■
- J h
3
: *
■_
■ *
>
j _
it
: *
■ ■_
9 -J
!?
E F
3 .
L J
J I
\ i
i i
i r
j
j
: :
■v
"I
i
pi
■- j
f ;
"J 3
: j
•f J ■*
Wi* iJX. JUV y L» Jl c~-uj V"^.'.Vi iTjali oj^Jb ^Lcdl oiUljH j
/ vyvr u^» ^.ik* s/i^; ju! v ut u^ic v u.u • ^ui ^ j <i,u^
N^»f
• b
jjL\ rr j^j>j nr
cf* IiJJ, ^'^.^ l*!.*^ <^i>- 0* -^ ^ ojb j^xJl oL^jiai
4#
^yL-**) Jl$j
: a-JUJI f U^Vl Jc ^>il ^.jVl LT /J3 L
r-jjj olj£lj
Vjf
t> ^"J ! ^>^ o^ ^J-^^1 -iij-jr ^
oJiJ
jJ 1 V^ 11 -^J-^J' JcXV <jj ^o^JI o5U ^. JL^iJI J jjj^ji U
*#
o- v ^u *ijuaj
rJ b oi^j ^jLj ay^ ^ij ^i^vi vjuii ,> y-jUf r irvi ji> ^ v y^ji
J
J=J\
«> vr ^j-ajij n ^j-ui J t y.>^)ii^> ( >^ ; un ( >i4
Ji
->
j
^ c iai <^vi Jl U,^, ^j ( ^-^Vl ) oli-jJLjj ( V^l ) 1>. c/ ^^i!
■n
-
•ANA
h M JM* <JT/j J^jj JibU. S
i h ,
Oj
r*
ill OXr^J* *~*L 0&- J .jU- (ijTl ^jlj J^] ^1,^ ^ jj A*,j
J"* o1 ■> J1>J^ Wj JJo; 4- ( j_^>L, ) u Jij; i^ 4J^« ->>".?
<•>
L
^4
^^
* <^ tP.rSJI
. \..
. i
J °->L. j
i J J >\ 0- ^W
• oLi^ojTj Lib j-aij 4^*U i5j_j»-j obl j lib oj^j ^b"j
NAA- <i*- j^jr ( YA ) N j £j31I J/Vaj-J' o-^ ->y/ i ^^' O 1 ^. L»1
4^ jy, j try J liUj 45- iji ^w- ^ ^Li ^L* JjTy^j. ^b _ij^41
I ' rf
j 1
j;ibl* J^=rj ob> o^-j^. lii-^'ty Oj 5 ^ vr^ 1 oi> c^ j^" J"^ v^V 1 '
r
* cujj J^r ftjj-u -o^ja-.b^ J^- ^ <*^ ^j
; -
,J
■i
■II
t
r ■
I
i~
t\ 1 -
J
■L'
*■
^
I
t
h
- in
r
, .■
I
I .i
^ 1
j '
5
1
1
: :l
j 'J
:. 3
■ ' -!
1 .
-
I I
I ■ VJ
; 4
1 ■ a *
i
<i ■
■■ «. '■
■> ■'
h
I
4 ,
1 j
I
'■i
11
1!
tf-P <j1 'c/jXll J^l£^ J«a*-J JJ Af^j C^J ^ 45
o*J
***** J
JL*Jlj <j}U
* 1 -^-J J* I
i3^"
^- U- VJ^'
,ir
VI
**
. 6ULi
aij O^'l^'Jjl
1
a-°J
' 1!
3 J
4i
j
1 i
i I
r i
W-1*- lSjvj l5^ a- ^_ jf ( ^u ) ^^ ^ ajUaJ , J^ j^ 01 ^
CJJir^J* (J* i!U*j
^.J o^
^»* <J' J- 25
O;
l *^ tA 5 " L5^.^ J ( </^
* < -5^'yljll ) JILT >
*-*■
>
■^
- u
. I
.1 -
»
nr.
^
1)
■*JL
* +
~^
J
£> JjijO ^J> u=i^5 <*> jjTJJU ^Jl ^ _ ^
uji
.jTUll ^Jl 6^ ^jaj . j-^i ^-uj, l. ^ , i6T <jkL. ., v , ^.^j,
-All
jUl J1 SacL- ^1 v ^^| jjL, j^
^ J* j*o ^i ^jj <> w«i»ji j s^ai
• Jjd\ vo-uji ^ jr o^j j.
Js JUc
j_j— *» <JL*>-
+*
J Ujir iJljJl _jjr ^ jl^ ^ 3^, ^y, j, jjJbJ , j _^^
. liL- «uk IT U J* c-frjJl *U. 1o4 Uij a,o>~ll _*~-^ Jj ^ u
J •
u^" (^ cr°J ♦ Ok t j>-y otr*" <J1 J-2J.
**
^ oUxL, j^ Jl j^^m ^^ 5^JU- jbT JJ^- Jj,a>. ^jjl>J| ^ JU* ^
o-°j
^iJl
.P-uVl o-uU u^a, a*J ^>41 ^ ^JjS f U- jtf ^ viUi Jbuj ^JjS f U
Oi
°" u^.3 O^. 1 <ltti -iJ^>Jl (> "jL^ V-^ 1 V-^^'j
yo-UJl c> U^>- >- Jl V-^'j" <^V1 ^Ui J ( ,Ujj) j^ ^ ^iJI JU^Jl
. \*\.o <^Jlj lAMi-uJl ^ Ui)U*
4jL. olX^j pU-
1
m
! ^ • ^ijj f U .L* ^=~ J\ Jyj <Loj Jj^ ^ j,^
II
* + **/ •
) c^-i jjJi j«ji o^.j /-^ jUi j^i Ori e 51 ^ 1
■
. jj^iU J^Jl <*i J1 OA^axi *j»j ^-U> J^ Jl <cLa7j1 ju* jly,
* JU-^II jjjljf JL^ _J> J.UL. ^I r L^ "dUj j^Ju
3 !
7
oj^**^y
4k
dUi j-j jjjT ^/j jtljji ^J ^ ^l^JI j,j a n j,^ JJJbJ1 .
I L
J
«■
«u
A*aJ
ff
iU«Jl »/o^. iiUdll 4k, _,iJl Jc i^^ir ^^^ ^Ij UlL. oT
Li" -
LS
LULo Jaju'
tt
V T ( \A ) o J UjUl
>5^r
*l
^-=a> o' ^,-fc^l o_^-»^ji L^J
Ui
' M
jljj\ ,jjjj P U »aJl .>> U (
ur.
j
A Q^jJ
)
i
*\n
5JaUb Jj — * Orf e^jU ***■» r- 5 J
L» £^1 ^ ^1 «Uj U..J
4
L
L
ri I
t
i)^ t *iyjw 0j wa> dutf _ ^ ^.^ JU-flJI J\ <*j1531 4kiJ\ a?J UUi* J^l ^
4>J i^j^aJl j>J «UaJLJ
-Ii>bJ\ J^mJ
*+
Li*H ^uVi J,W1
<LaJ1 o-Lfe ^j ♦ dill jU ^i u-^^o-o ~Ue ^^1 -k^ »J_flTi.U »Uilt jL^&ii <Uai JU>J
L
£J^ -Jj^ 1 - Y * ( ^^.Vl O^L^ J*- 1 — ) Vj* 1 * Ja - i C^ l5-t-J1 iiJJ^j *ky.
h
^-4* u^ Ji-' Jh 0> J' - u^.J^J' v**4t ^^^j *Li^» j^Lj, ( v )
•V. * fJ_r^J^ *-U>^*-° J *^" W ^** . *V ' j£ V t ^L-«J^ Cv>«' — «-j^^ -Ja^J 0-?^
'JlV
X vs
■ --TSVJ]
i ■ m
■ ^f
f . f ;
" : w
"- - r f
^
i"
-is!?
*<irll
•Jari
■f
a >+
r. .Jij
vf I
":l I
r
s ■
! ,
s \
*■ ^
-* ^j * <i>t V-^ J*'j* *l>r <> ^ UcUiji ju* US>
t
jytxi .act j j/41 OjA^Jl J^ J Jj-msIU -jTi ^ ^ jjjtJJ f L^i ul
4 ^Wl C-£0 ^1
*+
y"i
. ( J/yj^Ji u* ^ jiij\ ) ijl« \}sj\
*m
jJIO .JtUl f lkUl
T
t
-b
^ki ojj^l o- o^ H 1 ^1 J oja^l .Li Li. Oi^^l S ljT c-jUj lit
U— io ol Oi^^^JI c> Jcj ^j^lj yilLi^lt Oi^-jiJI J) ojki
-jai
<kiU»
• ijv^i _ <j (ji vi ^^C>ji syju, ^jUJi oa* ji y ^j ( \,
1
■ut
t+
I
OA Vj L_Jl^- c
-utf r ^j\ eiio ^, ^ a >*n •
•** OjO^xJI JUxt J,^ pLjM I
t*
>"^' V'UVlj <JUidt o*~>E>Jl J**,
^jJU
*J»>
<> oi-^'j ^i j u. ,ui »jl*
■ «il
«J5IUJ»
_>^ >Lx ) 0V1 4JU^- ^JUlj ^jb r
fr*
J>^. J**l' -^ J*^!,
y-» ( 6jfyjjA
((
OU^b
jy^j^ 1
L£>4 > ,L, L5*y Jl I^| l^^ t>d) ^1^1 JT J 4ilk.
- « V » Ji-Ub
. ■
i-i>J1 (^flJ&j^. ^ic ^Jl^Vlj v*-*-^ o^^i
<-«m*oL>eJ
. <uic J^4l ^yzi}) jjs> oJb-j
I*
1
^/VL^ OJ
*-■■
* * *
^SA
2-
ft
r
i ■
r
f .
. f
" «
■ ■!
f
'-I
V
i
4
iL ,p i^7W
s ( w
.)
.J—*-
*"\
ajisu^i ji
i
Public Record Office
' v bVl <r^« • f*jU>j <-i-u$n S;UU1
UfT »y»UiJl • cs^li j^l i^y . oljT-u I Lib JL~ j^-i
. i)jJu • A -p-1
ai
**
. V.^ V** 1 ' : ^JafiVl OJC
• \^. s^uji . 0^1 s^i : ^jj,
• • 3 j j«3 a >
y . ^jVi J^Ji J j/vi uui V ^>J!
1
y • o
■* 4
**
• ( 1*> ) UUM -Li J1
J
**
. HIA SyliM • Lit; jjb : j\y yjjl jl^
I j
I
j
I
J -
1 *
• IMA »j*lilj . o\jJtj
: J 1 ^ jij-JI
»>M i)b i-^jUl *-?*-^^ '■&*» • f_^ V_r~ J O^* JJ> ■ Jl> J^ 1 -V
IW
-.«**
ji*rj*
^
r
. \wv ojj« * ^ui V- ^n £jjij : ji^- j^jji -u£
* <
j
r ,
i*
■: ■
i
• ^.^ J^ ] J* ; VU^ 1 <^'j*JV oi3*J1 : jly JijJl -U:
t*=oi jb j j»>** ) t \j}j\ i
*J
J *bjj" <*£•*> : J-*£>-H cr 3 "^ 1 -V s
• ( V*
I
1 1
_JUb
it
r \
f 7
■■ h
4
♦ a^L-
*■
• S^UJl . .JjUU jb . Jsu^jdl j*J\ J a^L^JI oljUJl : ouJj ju>w
3 h
£
1
3
i
li
I
i
t ,'
h I
1
1 '
r I
'. \
L I
I '•
sjbBjH s-jjtfi ^\j.\
Aitchison, C. :
A Collection of Treaties, engagements and sanatis
relating to India and Neighbouring Countries. 12 Vols.
Calcutta 1892.
Hertslet, Sir Edward. :
Treaties between Great Britain and Persia and bet-
ween Persia and other Foreign Powers in Force on
the 1st April 1891. London 1891.
Hurewitz, J. : . ■
Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East, 2 Vols
New York 1958.
Lorimer, J. G. :
Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Vol. I, Parts I-II.
Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing.
India 1905.
j
Parliamentary Debated (Hansard's)
Parliamentary Papers.
"<-,j jVI ol
i)LU
Andrew, W. P. :
+
*Tr*
Indian Railways as connected with British Empire
in the East. 4 th Edition, London 1884.
AH. K. :
A Study In Moslem Rule in Indo-Pakistan. 3 rcl Edi-
tion. The Famous Publishers. Decca 1963.
Arnold, A. ;
Through Persia By Caravan. 2VoLs.
Tinslcy Brothers. London 1877.
r I
d'Avrile, A. :
■ r
La Golfc Persique, route de llnde et de Chine. Paris
1908.
Baha Ullah,
La Livre de la Certitude. Paris 1904
■ j
-! ,
: 5
r i
4 t
. F
: L
I T
■ [
. f
t !
■ I
: i
r L
h
i!
J l
II
: i
A
j- L
- r
Chand, Dr. Tara :
Society and State in Mughal Empire. The Publication
Divisions. Ministry of Information. India 1961.
Curzon, Hon George N, :
Armenia. A year at Erzroom and on the Frontiers of
Russia, Turkey and Persia, John Murray. London
1854.
+
Curzon, Hon George N. :
Persia and the Persian Question. 2 Vols. London 1928
Curzon, Hon. George N. :
Russia in Central Asia in 1889 and the Anglo-Russian
Question. Longmans. London 1889
- 1
"■ j
Dupre, A. :
Voyage en Perse. Paris 1819,
4,
f:
i
J
Edwards, S. and Garratt, H. :
Mughal Rule in India. Chand & Company 1956.
Fraser - Tytler :
Afghanistan. A Study of Political Development in
Central Asia. Oxford University Press 1950.
Flandin, E. :
Voyage en Perse. Par Ordre de M.L. Ministre des Af-
faires Etrangeres. 2 Tomes, Paris 1851.
Garrett, G. :
The Legacy of India. London 1937.
■ r
] I I r
, 1
I
Huart, C. ;
i
i
. , i
- * ;
l i
4 ,
Histoire de Baghdad dans les Temps Modernes. Paris
1901.
Huart, C. :
Les Calligraphes et les Ministuristes de FOrient Mu-
sulman. Paris 1908.
V 1
I
I
■ ■ i :
Huart, C. :
La Religion de Bab. Reformateur Persan du XIX
Sciecle. Ernest Leroux. Paris 1889.
i -
X 4
: i
T -
; ^ ,
j ^
Hoskins, H. :
■ r
British Routes to India. New York 1928.
i
r
i
Hunt, G. H. :
Outram and Havelock's Persian Compaigne, London
1858.
Invasion of India from Central Asia. London, Richard
Bentley and Son. Published in Ordinary to Her Ma-
jesty the Queen, 1879.
Latham, G. :
India to England. Proposed New Overland route Via
Turkish Arabia. 1870.
*
^ ^1 '-- ti^ ^ ■ ib i —*-*-■ **
lt . ,.. v ^ * ^i»i
Layard, H. :
Nineveh and its Remains. 2 Vols. London 1849.
Layard, H. :
Early Adventures in Persia London 1887.
Lynch, B. :
Note on Steam Communication between England and
India. Aug. 1837.
Low, C. R. :
History of the Indian Navy (1613-1863).
2 Vols. London. 1877.
Morand, R. :
La Routes des Indes. Paris 193J3.
Morland, (W.), and Chatterjee (A.) •:
A History of India. 2nd Edition. London 1944
Morland, W. :
India at the Death of Akbar. An Economic Study.
Delhi 1962.
■
Kisrawi Tibrizi and Sayyid Ahmed :
h ■
Two Hundered Years History of Khus. Tehran 1934.
Panikkar, K. :
Asia and Western Dominance. Allen and Umvin. Lon-
don 2nd Impression 1954.
Pharood. J. B. :
Progress and Present Position of Russia in the East
Madras MDCCCXXXVIII (1838).
Phelps, M. :
Life and Teaching of Abbas Effendi. A Study
Religion of the Babis or Bahais. London 1903.
of the
„:*a "
iPtf**'
-il
V
■r - rs
uto l „ tr ,r t *-i Kr ^* a kfct& t l^'^S*teM* *tflw*
(9 '■
■•" ^
Pichon, J. :
r
Les Origines Orientales de la Guerre Mondiale. Paris
1937.
Prasad, I. :
A Short History of the Muslim Rule in India. Allah-
abad. 1933.
Prawdin, M. :
The Mongol Empire. Its Rise and Legacy. Allen and
Unwin. 2nd Impression. 1941. Translated by Eden and
Cedar Paul.
Rolandshay, Earl of :
The Life of Lord Curzon. Being the Authorized Bio-
graphy of George Nathaniel Marquess Curzon of Ked-
leston. KG. 3 Vols. London. Ernest Benn. Ltd. 1923.
Rawlinson, H. :
Notes on a March (Zohab), at the Foot of Zagros,
along the Mountains to Khuzistan (Susiana), and
from Thence through the Province of Luristan to
Kirmansheh in the year 1836. (The Journal of the
Royal Geographical Society of London. Volume 9th
1839. Part I. ).
Rouire, Dr. :
La Rivalite Anglo-Russe au XIXe Sc. En Asie, Golfe
Persique Frontiere de lTndes. Paris 1908.
Smith, V. A. :
w
The Oxford History of India. 3rd Edition. Edited by
P. Spears. Clarendon Press. London 1961.
Sykes, P. :
A History of Persia. 2 Voles. London 1951
Wilson, A. :
The Persian Gulf. London 1954
5jjoj\ ) ; iyi
er-
A.
A3tt jijb" v Ufl) u
j UjUi
Jl ,> ^JiJl <JUJ1 ^ ;>^u. ^ [ZU\ ft \Sj J oJtf Ju- ( VUU1
\ ,> <*_,«^ v^^ 1 vj*-^' £>" o^ u^ *>" <i JjUzl-j
£jlr jo-, oij < ijA\ dU; ^ JiU ^yi ^ij ^i j^, j ^L.iU-vi
. ^4*n r LJj1 jt, jlj jlx^.\ jju*. ^j o»>l~. sac -L, o^l
• • •
■*■ »'J
*
f.-*i
%
\\
M*4I
fcyfrlfll
.■ ,
7
I
11
j
3
>ttUi {jlldU^t $jM Jj
+*+
^^iu* A1U11 fcM io«
( YoA
o»
+ YV
n ^lsiJifl j^tyi ^i IjjUaJi ai^t *^ tut
rr u'iM U J>^ W cr* i* 1 ** 1 -J* 1 - ^
* • a\2U\ yi iuLiJI ^jJI ^ . Y
to <mkik«ii i jci . r
nv iu^t s,p ^ iuUaJt ^ikv^Iall
"\o ^Vl JLuyUIl ^UiJI Vja JI . S
yy j— uo ^LiJI ^LSaJI jtiiJI . Y
m jUi j\ ^LSji jia-vi _r
w .j^J ^LUI ^1 . £
\ jljJI uiLiJI gall -
\ .-\ *#L>I JL^i ^ ySU5.ll g^l . 1
\ w a^y t ^i aijuuir ai^t
_.-*
_*■■
?
if
\
^
>
1 r
r
1
i
. V
- r -.
■
! ,
K
, 1
i
i
." ■
.■ E
1 ■
h
L 1 £
1
J
■. 1
n
■t
r ,n
f
r]
r
i
i
i
«
1-J
y J
L 1
"■ J
" fr
/""
%.
n
*• 2uiULJI a^fegll ^Sl*^
s " • 4!*
^ .>** H* 4>a ,** ^m^ir* ^yi j^
1
!
3:
.fp
-j
j
ur >ik 3^121! ^aJI
4
YW a^yta^i
rVa - ^1141*1^1
(iAA ^- Y»\ ^.J
1
r
"rfAfl'l
"■JLI %*
i
™ \oV\ . \oti CX—4JL »LiJI -
W\ \*m . \ oAV j^l jj.U *UJI f LI ^ t>«jU -
w ub-il-Y
m »Li jjli . \
vn js^i ^u. ^jS _ Y
roo (yW ^mt &m ^ j g yi jj^ui jy^^M t^^in >^i >
toV »U 0*=^, »Li Jft jOij a+=*j, U.1 JjVI oULUI . \
n\ oliliUj^jr
UY tuUIKjaJI J
rvo uj^Li x-i (jJjoll gJ^-Jlj u-j^ - ^
r A£ <±"a>" -tfwj^ 1 o^O^ I - Y
TM ylli g^llll &>M J^ luUiiJI 2Luiijlalf JjUijyi
it. 3^11^1 2Lunjlill ^L-jy^ iulAiiyTiil^HUf
f
1
h
. o \ ^ , v - \ 4 . *\ /(£ o*jlfi] fr*^ &*tis>&& >u*u&% Suil^^M a^ajl
us ^i&i^yiaii^
(eAA y. + IMy)
i W SnJ^f <ji /IHII' tM* 3 * J** 1 *
« • * i^yi ji^i tgl^Jt gjl J$aH SLj^I^flf
-I.
e^« i^k^l 2jJj*U MJ*IP Hjigll J9&Q4
•" ^AoA . Uev 2jtai^l «<bfliJI
•iv ^lLii^V MM' aijM «$Jf a^Ji ^. a^y^yi a^i
«M £^1
w <j*VW' j*>ui . v
™ JgSljiJI
w **WI*M»ll
V • ■ — — . „. , J^ l£^
" A tf*U
i
r
r
*>■£* i^. W /^"to-o^ri>^iWW^ l ' H '^^"-
. I
n
\ 2
1
j
i -
! i
L
t j
A
-J
?\
i
L
I
signature of the present Agreement, shall be devoted to the same
purpose as in the past.
It is equally understood that the revenues of the Persian
customs of Farsistan and of the Persian Gulf, as well as those of
the fisheries on the Persian shore of the Caspian Sea and those
of the Posts and Telegraphs, shall be devoted, as in the past; to
the service of the loans concluded by the Government of the Shah
with the Imperial Bank of Persia up to the date of the signature
of the present Agreement.
V.
In the event of irregularities occuring in the amortization
or the payment of the interest of the Persian loans concluded with
the ■< Banque d'Escompte et des Prets de Perse » and with the
Impenal Bank of Persia up to the date of the signature of the
present Agreement, and in the event of the necessity arising for
Russia to establish control over the sources of revenue guaran-
teeing the regular service of the loans concluded with the first-
named bank, and situated in the region mentioned in Article II of
the present Agreement, or for Great Britain to establish control
over the sources of revenue guaranteeing the regular service of the
loans concluded with the second-named bank, and situated in the
region mentioned in Article I of the present Agreement, the British
and Russian Governments undertake to enter before-hand into a
friendly exchange of ideas with a view to determine, in agreement
with each other, the measures of control in question and to avoid
all interference which would not be in conformity with the prin-
ciples governing the present Agreement.
54
roads, transport, insurance, & c.
t
r
beyond a line starting from
Kasr-i-Shirin, passing through Isfahan, Yezd,. Xakhk, and ending
at a point on the Persian frontier at the intersection of the Russian
and Afghan frontiers, and not to oppose, directly of indirectly,
demands for similar Concessions in this region which are suppor-
ted by the Russian Government. It is understood that the above-
mentioned places are included in the region in which Great Britain
engages not to seek the Concessions referred to.
II. Russia, on her part, engages not to seek for herself and
not to support, in favour of Russian subjects, or in favour of the
subjects of third Powers, any Concessions of a political or com-
mercial nature — such as Concessions for railways, banks, tele-
graphs, roads, transport, insurance, & c. — beyond a line going
from the Afghan frontier by way of Gazik, Birjand, Kerman, and
ending at Bunder Abbas, and not to oppose, directly or indirectly.
1 ■
i
>
i
demands for similar Concessions in this region which are suppor-
ted by the British Government. It is understood that the above-
mentioned places are included in the region in which Russia
engages not to seek the Concessions referred to.
L
P
11. Russia, on her part, engages not to oppose, without
previous arrangement with Great Britain, the grant of any Conces-
sions whatever to British subjects in the regions of Persia situated
between the lines mentioned in Articles ! and II.
Great Britain undertakes a similar engagement as regards the
grant of Concessions to Russian subjects in the same regions of
Persia.
i
1
■I
r '
\
I r
^ '
All Concessions existing at present in the regions indicated
in Articles I and II are maintained.
IV. It is understood that the revenues of all the Persian
customs, .with the exception of those of Farsistan and of the Per-
sian Gulf, revenues guaranteeing the amortization and the interest
of the loans concluded by the -Government of the Shah with the
« Banque d'Escompte et des Prets de Perse » up to the date of the
i
■■ -
(
i.
H
l
L
t
L I
ri
53
/A r^
£sK-*™
T"rii ■
y r.
8
1
: .1
^
fc
P
^
ANGLO-RUSSIAN CONVENTION ON PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN
AND TIBET
18 31 August 1907
AGREEMENT CONCERNING PERSIA
The Governments of Great Britain and Russia having mutually
engaged to respect the integrity and independence of Persia, and
sincerely desiring the preservation of order throughout that country
and its peaceful development, as well as the permanent establish-
ment of equal advantages for the trade and industry of all other
nations;
Considering that each of them has, for geographical and
economic reasons, a special interest in the maintenance of peace
and order in certain provinces of Persia adjoining, or in the neigh-
bourhood of, the Russian frontier on the one hand, and the
frontiers of Afghanistan and Baluchistan on the other hand ;and
being desirous of avoiding all cause of conflict between their
respective interests in the above-mentioned provinces of Persia;
Have agreed on the following terms :
I. Great Britain engages not to seek for herself, and not to
support m favour of British subjects, or in favour of the subjects
of third Powers, any Concessions of a political of commercial
nature - such as Concessions for railways, banks, telegraphs,
52
if
V
*
-r
M
against Persia, and the British Govenrment engages further that
as soon as the stipulations in regard to the evacuation by the
Persian troops of Herat and the Afghan territories, as well as in
regard to the reception of the British mission at Tehran, shall have
been carried into full effect, the British troops shall without delay,
be withdrawn from all ports, places, and islands belonging to
Persia; but the British Govenrment engages that, during this inter-
val, nothing shall be designedly done by the Commander of the
British troops to weaken the allegiance of the Persian subjects
towards the Shah, which allegiance it is, on the contrary, their
earnest desire to confirm; and further the British Government
engages that, as far as possible, the subjects of Persia shall be
secured against inconvenience from the presence of the British
troops, and that all supplies which may be required for the use of
those troops, and which the Persian Government engages to direct
its authorities to assist them in procuring, shall be paid for, at the
fair market price, by the British Commissariat immediately on
delivery.
i i
r '
i !
— 51
f
i
■4
I
1
rf
I
n
Y f *
< \
r J"
* -V.
it
I
1:
3
j
i
1 i
t
'i
t
V
■m
?
1
a
4
i
appointed by the British Government, shall examine into and
decide upon the pecuniary claims of all British subjects upon the
government of Persia, and shall pay such of those claims as may
be pronounced just, either in one sum or by instalments, within
a period not exceeding one year from the date of the award of
the Commissioners, and the same Commissioners shall examine
into and decide upon the claims on the Persian Government of all
Persian subjects, or the subjects of other powers, who, up to the
period of the departure of the British mission from Tehran, were
under British protection, which they have not since renounced.
ART. 12. Saving the provisions in the latter part of the
preceding Article, the British Government will renounce the right
of protecting hereafter any Persian subject not actually in the
employment of the British mission, or of British Consuls-General,
Consuls, Vice-Consuls. or Consular Agents, provided that no such_
right is accorded to or exercised by any other foreign powers:
but in this, as in ail other respects, the British Government
requires, and the Persian Government engages, that the same
privileges and immunities shall in Persia be conferred upon and
shall be enjoyed by the British Government, its servants and its
subjects, and that the same respect and consideration shall be
■
shown for them, and shall be enjoyed by them, as are conferred
upon and enjoyed by and shown to the most favoured foreign
government, its servants and its subjects.
ART. 13. The high contracting parties hereby renew the
agreement entered into by them in the month of August 1851
(Shawal 1267) for the suppression of the slave trade in Persian
Gulf, and engage further that the said agreement shall continue
in force after the date at which it expires, that is, after the month
of August 1862, for the further space of ten years and for so long
afterwards as neither of the high contracting parties shall, by a
forma! declaration, annul it; such declaration not to take effect
unli! one year after it is made.
-«**
*r_i
ART. 14. Immediately on the exchange of the ratifications of
this-Treaty. the British troops
will desist from all acts of hostility
50 -
■*
x_11 4ffr ^/ftQlfc'-S-^r^, * " Vi(< '
of the Shah which may cross the frontier for the above-mentioned
purpose shall retire within its own territory as soon as its object
Is accomplished, and that the exercise of the above-mentioned
right is not to be made a pretext for the permanent occupation by
Persia, or for the annexation to the Persian dominions, of any
town or portion of the said States.
4
ART. 8. The Persian Government engages to set at liberty
without ransom, immediately after the exchange of the ratifications
of this Treaty, all prisoners taken during the operations of the
Persian troops in Afghanistan, and all Afghans who may be
detained either as hostages or as captives on political grouonds in
any part of the Persian dominions shall, in like manner, be set
free; provided that the Afghans, on their part, set at liberty, without
ransom, the Persian prisoners and captives who are in the power
of the Afghans.
t
*
Commissioners on the part of the two contracting powers
shall, if necessary, be named to carry out the provisions of this
Article.
ART. 9. The high contracting parties engage that, in the
establishment and recognition of Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-
Consuls and Consular Agents, each shall be placed in th*»
dominions of the other on the footing of the most favoured nation;
and that the treatment of their respective subjects and their trade
shall also, in every respect, be placed on the footing of the treat-
ment of the subjects and commerce of the most favored nation.
- i
-!
I 1
- 1 ■ I
1 h
f
ART. 10. Immediately after the ratifications of this Treaty
have been exchanged the British mission shall return to Tehran,
when the Persian Government agrees to receive it with the
apologies and ceremonies specified in the separate note signed
this day by the plenipotentiaries of the high contracting parties.
■
ART. 11. The Persian Government engages, within three
months after the return of the British mission to Tehran, to appoint
a Commissioner, who. in conjunction with a Commissioner to be
49
m
L
-■
f -a
J-
I
f ji
8
y
i
«
L
i I
fc
f
ART. 5. His Majesty the Shah of Pers'-a engages further to
take immediate feasures for withdrawing from the territory and city
of Herat and from every other part of Afghanistan, the Persian
troops and authorities now stationed therein; such withdrawal to
be effected within three months from the date of the exchange of
the ratifications of this Treaty.
ART. 6. His Majesty the Shah of Persia agrees to relinquish
ail claims to sovereignty over the territory and city of Herat and
the countries of Afghanistan, and never to demand from the Chiefs
of Herat, or of the countries of Afghanistan, any marks of
obedience, such as the coinage, or «Khootbeh», or tribute.
His. Majesty further engages to abstain hereafter from ail
interference with the internal affairs of Afghanistan. His Majesty
promises to recognise the independence of Herat and of the
whole of Afghanistan, and never to attempt to interfere with the
independence of those States.
In case of differences arising between the government of
Persia and the countries of Herat and Afghanistan, the Persian
Government engages to refer them for adjustment to the friendly
offices of the British Government, and not to take up arms unless
those friendly offices fail of effect.
The British Government, on their part, engage at all times to
exert their influence with the States of Afghanistan, to prevent
any cause of umbrage being given by them, or by any of them to
the Persian Government; and the British Government, when
appealed to by the Persian Government, in the event of difficulties
arising, will use their best endeavours to compose such differences
m a manner just and honourable to Persia.
ART. 7. In case of any violation of the Persian frontier by
any of the States referred to above, the Persian Government shall
have the right, if due satisfaction is not given, to undertake military
operations for the repression and punishment of the aggressors
but ,t ,s distinctly understood an3 agreed to that any military force
1
r
■ m
48
P
F
t
t
10
TREATY OF PEACE (PARIS) : BRITAIN AND PERSIA
4 March 1857
ART. 1. From the day of the exchange of the ratifications of
the present Treaty there shall be perpetual peace and friendship
between Wer Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland on the one part and His Majesty the Shah of
Persia on the other, as likewise between their respective succes-
sors, dominions and subjects.
ART. 2. Peace being happily concluded between their said
Majesties, it is hereby agreed that the forces of Her Majesty the
Queen shall evacuate the Persian territory, subject to conditions
and stipulations hereafter specified.
ART. 3. The high contracting parties stipulate that all
prisoners taken during the war by either belligerent shall be
immediately liberated.
ART. 4. His Majesty the Shah of Persia engages, immed-
iately on the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, to publish
a full and complete amnesty, absolving all Persian subjects who
have in any way been compromised by their intercourse with the
British forces during the war from any responsibility for their
conduct in that respect, so that no persons, of whatever degree,
shall be exposed to vexation, persecution, or punishment on that
account.
47
r
ii
i
a
n
^~
C
! i.
"r
between Russian subjects the examination and the decision of
the case will be the exclusive concern of the Russian Minister,
Charge d'Affaires or Consul by virtue of the jurisdiction over their
nationals conferred upon them.
If a Russian subject is found implicated with individuals of
another nation in a criminal suit he cannot be pursued nor harried
in any manner without proofs of his participation in the crime, and
in this case even as in that where a Russian subject may be
accused of direct culpability, the courts of the country may only
proceed to take cognizance and give judgment concerning the
crime in the presence of a delegate of the Russian Mission or
Consulate, and if they are not to be found at the place where the
crime has been committed, the local authorities will transport the
delinquent there where there is a constituted Russian Consul or
Agent.
j
4
1
J-
i
Testimonies for the prosecution and for the defense of the
accused will be faithfully collected by the Hakim and by the Judge
of the ocality, and invested with their signature; transmitted in this
form there where the crime has to be judged, these testimonies will
become authentic documents or parts of the suit unless the ac-
cused proves clearly their falsity.
When the accused shall have been duly convicted and
sentence shall have been pronounced, the delinquent will be
turned over to the Minister, Charge d'Affaires or Consul of His
Imperial Majesty who wiil return him to Russia to receive there
the punishment prescribed by the laws.
ART. IX. The High Contracting Parties will take care that
the stipulations of the present Act may be strictly observed and
fulfilled, and the Governors of their Provinces, Commandants and
other respective authorities will not permit themselves in any case
to violate them, under penalty of a grave responosibility and
even of dimissal in case of complaint duly proven.
46
■4:
rt*f
^
Persian subjects forming part of the suite of the Minister or
Charge d'Affaires or Consuls, and necessary for their service, will
enjoy, so long as they shall be attached to them, their protection
on an equality with Russian subjects, but if it may happen that
one amongst them renders himseif culpable of some misdemeanor
and that he makes himself liable thereby to punishment by the
existing laws, in this case the Persian Minister or Hakim and, in his
absence, the competent local authority, shall address himself
immediately to the Russian Minister, Charge d'Affaires or Consul
in the service of which the accused is to be found in order that he
may be delivered to justice; and if this request is founded on
proofs establishing the culpability of the accused, the Minister,
Charge d'Affaires or Consul will interpose no difficulty for the
satisfaction thereof.
ART. VII. All suits and litigations between Russian subjects
will be subject exclusively to the examination and decision cf the
Russian Mission or Consuls in conformity with the laws and
customs 01 the Russian Empire; as well as the differences and
suits occurring between Russian subjects and those of another
Power where the parties shall consent thereto.
When differences or suits shall arise between Russian subjects
and Persian subjects, the said suits or differences will be brought
before the Hakim or Governor and will be examined and judged
only in the presence of the Dragoman of the Mission or the
Consulate.
Once juridically terminated, such suits may not be instituted
a second time. If, however, the circumstances were of a nature to
demand a second examination, it may not take place without
notification to the Russian Minister, Charge d'Affaires or Consul
and in this case the affair will only be considered and judged at
the Defter, that is to say, in the Supreme Chancellery of the S'^ah
at Tabriz or at Teheran, likewise in the presence of a Dragoman
of the Russian Mission or Consulate.
ART. VIII. In case of number or other crime committed
45
^
r"
'1
?
?
i
\
may export from the Empire by the same means, will be subject,
as in the past, to a duty of five per cent, collected one time for all
at entry or departure, and will not be subject thereafter to any
other customs dues. If Russia may judge it necessary to draw up
new customos regulations or new tarifs, it undertakes however
not to increase even in this case the rate above-mentioned of five
per cent.
ART. !V. If Russia or Persia find themselves at war with
another Power it will not ba forbidden to the respective subjects
to cross with their merchandise the territory of the High Contract-
ing Parties to proceed into the confines of the said Power.
ART. V. Seeing that after existing usages in Persia it is
difficult for foreign subjects to find for rent houses, warehouses or
premises suitable as depots for their merchandise, it is permitted
to Russian subjects in Persia not only to rent but also to acquire
in full ownership houses for habitation and shops as well as
premises to store therein their merchandise.
*«
■4
\
I
s
I
i
The employees of the Persian Government shall not be able
to enter by force in the said houses, shops or premises, at least
without having recourse in case of necessity to the authorization
of the Russian Minister, Charge d'Affaires or Consul who will
delegate an employee or dragoman to assist in the visit to the
house or the merchandise.
ART. VI. At the same time the Minister or the Charge d'Af-
faires of His Imperial Majesty, the employees of the Russian
Mission. Consuls and Dragomans, not finding for sale in Persia
neither the effects to serve for their clothing nor many objects of
food which are necessary to them, shall be able to introduce free
of tax and of dues, for their own account, all objects and effects
which may be destined solely to their use.
The public servants of His Majesty the Shah residing in the
States of the Russian Empire will enjoy perfect reciprocity in this
regard.
44
'^**^?Jil^^
ART. II. Contracts, bills of exchange, bonds and other writ-
ten instruments between the respective subjects for their com-
mercial affairs will be registered with the Russian Consul and with
the Hakim (Civil Magistrate) and there, where there is no Consul,
with the Hakim alone, so that in case of dispute between the two
parties one can make the researches necessary in order to decide
the difference in conformity with justice.
*
If one of the two parties without being provided with the docu-
ments drawn up and legalized as stated above, wheich will be
valid before every court of justice, should desire to institute a suit
against the other in producing only proofs of testimonials, such
pretensions will not be admitted at all unless teh defendant himself
may recognize the legality thereof.
Every undertaking entered into between the respective
subjects in the forms above prescribed will be religiously observed
and the refusal to give satisfaction therein which may occasion
losses to one of the parties will give p'ace to a proportional in-
demnity on the part of the other. In case of bankruptcy of a Russian
merchant in Persia, his creditors will be recompensed with the
goods and effects of the bankrupt, but the Russian Minister, the
Charge d'Affaires or the Consul shall not refuse if demanded their
good offices to assure themselves whether the bankrupt has not
left in Russia available properties which may serve to satisfy the
same creditors.
The provisions drawn up in the present Article will be
reciprocally observed in respect of Persian subjects who engage
in commerce in Russia under the protection of its laws.
!■ .
ART. III. With a view to assuring to the trade of the respective
subjects the advantages which are the object of the previous
stipulations, it is agreed that merchandise imported into Persia or
exported from that Kingdom by Russian subjects and equally the
products of Persia imported into Russia by Persian, subjects,
whether by the Caspian Sea or by the land frontier between the
two States, as well as Russian merchandise which Persia subjects
■! " J
\
S
43
2. THE COMMERCIAL TREATY
ART. I. The two High Contracting Parties desiring to make
their respective subjects enjoy all the advantages which result from
a reciprocal lir-orty of commerce, have agreed upon the following :
Russian subjects provided with passports in proper order sh_„
be able to engage in commerce throughout the whole extent of
the Persian Kingdom, and to proceed equally in the neighborina
States of the said Kingdom.
In reciprocity thereof Persian subjects shall be able to import
their merchandise into Russia, either by the Caspian Sea or by
the land frontier which separates Russia from Persia, to exchange
it or to make purchases for exportation, and they will enjoy all the
rights and prerogatives accorded in the States of His Imperial
Majesty to the subjects of the most favored friendly Powers.
mnJh, CaS l° f the deC6aSe ° f a Russian sub J ect in Pe rsia, his
movable and immovable property, as belonging to the subject of
a friendly Power, will be turned over intact to his relatives or
associates, who will have the right to dispose of the said property
as they may judge fitting. In the absence of relatives or associates
the deposition of the said property wii, be confided to the m,*
s.on or to the Consuls of Russia without any difficulty on the part
of the Russian authorities.
'*'.
\
HftG*-
42
this day in order to transport themselves freely with their families
from Persian States into Russian States, to export and to sell their
movable property, without the Governments or the local authorities
being able to place the least obstabie in the way thereof, nor to
deduct previously any tax or any recompense on the goods and
objects sold or exported by them. As for their immovable property
there will be accorded a term of five years to sell or to dispose
therefore as may be desired. There are excepted from tis amnesty
those who may have rendered themselves culpable within the
period of time above-mentioned of one year of some crime, or
misdemeanor liable to penalties punished by the Courts.
Art. XVI. immediately after the signature of the present
Treaty of Peace, the respective plenipotentiaries will hasten to
send the necessary notices and injunctions in all localities for the
immediate cessation of hostilities.
41
time- in order to prevent the mutually prejudicial consequences
which might be able to result from the correspondence which some
of these deserters may seek to hold with their former compatriots,
or vessels, the Persian Government undertakes not to tolerate in
its Possessions, situated between the Araxe and the line formed by
the River known as Tohara. by Lake Urumiah, by the River called
Djakatou and by the River known as Kizil-Ozane. to its descent
into the Casoian Sea. the presence of individuals who will be
designated now by name or who may be nominated to it in the
future. His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias promises equally
on His side not to permit Persian deserters to establish themselves
or to rema.n fixed in the Khanats of Karabag or of Nakhitchevan
or in the part of the Khanat of Erivan situated on the right bank
of the Araxe. It is. however, understood, that this clause is and
will only be obiigatory in respect of individuals possessing a public
character cf a certain dignity, such as the Khans, the Begs and the
spiritual leaders or mullahs, whose personal example, intrigues
and clandestine correspondsncs may be able to exercise a perni-
cious influence on their former compatriots, those formerly under
their administration or their vassals. In so far as concerns the mass
of the popu.ation in the too countries, it is agreed between the
High Contracting Parties that the respective subjects who shall
have passed or who may pass in the future from one State into the
other, will be free to establish themselves or to sojourn wherever
the Govenment under whose domination they will be placed will
find it proper.
Art. XV. With the beneficent and salutary aim of restoring
tranquility in his States and of removing from his subjects all that
may aggravate the evils which have brought on them the war to
which the present Treaty has put an end so happily. His Majesty
the Shah accords a full and complete amnesty to all the inhabitants
and functionaries of the province known as Azerbaijhan No one
of them, without exception of category, may not be either pursued
no molested for his opinions, for his acts or for the conduct which
he may havo pursued, either during the war or during the tempo-
rary occupation of the said province by Russian troops There will
be, moreover, accorded them a period of one year dating from
4.G
t
i
Art. XI. All the affairs and suits of the respective subjects.
suspended by the intervention of the War, will be resumed and
terminated in accordance with justice after the exclusion of Peace.
The debts that the respective subjects may have the one in favor
of the other, as well as to the treasury, will be promptly and entirely
liquidated.
N
, :
:
J
.f
i
■ i<
f -,
Art. XII. The High Contracting Parties agree by common
accord in the interest of their respective subjects to fix a term of
three years in order that those among them who (own) immobile
property on both sides of the Araxe may have the right to sell or
exchange it freely. His Imperial Majesty of all the Russias excepts,
however, from the benefit of this provision, so far as it concerns
Him, the former Sardar of Erivan, Houssein Khan, his brother
Hassen Khan and Kerim Khan, the former Governor of Nakitchevan.
<' \
1 J.|
; a
i if
i
-,•>
■ 'j
■ 4
: 4
4\
■•■J i
■■:-■<
Art. XIII. All prisoners of war made in one way or another,
whether in the course of the last War, or before, as well as the
subjects of the two Governments reciprocally fallen into captivity,
at no matter what time, will be freed within a period of four months
and, after having been provided with food and other necessary
objects, they will be directed to Abbas Abad in order to be turned
over there into the hands of Commissioners, respectively charged
with receiving them and to decide upon their eventual return to
their homes. The High Contracting Parties will undertake the same
in respect of all prisoners of War and all Russian and Persian
subjects reciprocally fallen into captivity, who may not have been
freed within the period above-mentioned, whether by reason of the
isolated distance where they are to be found, or for any other
cause or circumstance. The two Gocernments reserve expressly
the unlimited right to reclaim them at no matter what time, and
they obligate themselves to restore them mutually in the measure
that they may present themselves for that purpose, or in the
measure that they may reclaim them.
l
l J
n
IT
m
{
v
tf
■ i
-i
i
. i . -.
■ I ' 1
I I '
r
t ! .
i. '
i. ■
i"
i
1 : i
'-. I L
I
■ : ■■ *
■ ■.
^ !
. I
I
i "' i
"' t r
■ ll
' t !
' i
l : a
i --r
z J.
- . *
r i £
1 .
I ■" -
J
1
H
Art. XIV. The High Contracting Parties will not demand the
extradition of fugitives and deserters who shall have passed under
their respective jurisdiction before or during the war. At the same
*1
F
I
39
■ £
' 1
■ ■.
i
s :
!}' ■
1 l
i ,
' ■!
I " =■
I* ■ .
VP
Majesty the Shah of Persia, hav'ng at heart to strengthen by all
means the ties so happily reestablished between them, are agreed
that the Ambassadors, Ministers, and Charges d'Affaires, who may
be reciprocally debated near the respective High Courts, whether
to discharge a temporary Mission or to reside there permanently
will be received with the honors and distinction befitting their rank
and conformable with the dignity of the High Contracting Parties
as with the sincere friendship which unites them and conformable
with the customs of the country. An understanding to this effect
w.il be reached by means of a special Protocol regarding the
f^remonial to be observed by both sides.
Art. X.
His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias and His
and
Majesty the Shat of Persia, considering the ^establishment a „u
the extension of commercial relations between the two States as
one of the first benefactions which the return of peace should
produce, have agreed to regulate in a perfect accord all provisions
relative to the protection of commerce, and to the safety of the
respective subjects, and to embody them in a separate Act annexed
hereto, drawn up between the respective Plenipotentiaries and
which is and will be considered as forming an integral part of the
present Treaty of Peace.
Past te M rfohf y f the ^ ° f ^^ ^^ t0 RuSsia ' as in the
eve 'the o'oh ° *" ° "^ W Commercia < "fl^ts wher-
ever the good of commerce will demand it, and he undertakes to
endow these consults and agents, none of which shall have a suite
n7Z h V en PerS ° nS ' With thS Protection ' the honors and e
privileges belonging to their public character. His Majesty he
Emperor of all the Russias promises on His side to obs^rv a
perfect reciprocity in respect of the consuls and comme cia
agents of H.s Majesty the Shah of Persia. In case of wellTS
complaint on the part of the Persian Government ' agZt one "
the Russ.an consuls or agents, the Minister or Charge d Affaires o
i
m
3d
^
occasioned to the Russian Empire, as well as the losses and
damages which have resulted therefrom, for Russian subjects, His
Majesty the Shah of Persia undertakes to make them good by
means of a pecuniary indemnity. It is agreed between the two
High Contracting Parties that the total of this indemnity is fixed at
ten kupours of silver tomans or 20,000,000 silver roubles and that
the method, the terms and the guarantees of payment of this sum
will ba regulated by a special arrangement which shall have the
same force and value as if it were inserted word for word in the
pressed Treaty.
1
Art. VII. His Majesty the Shah of Persia having judged it
fitting to appoint as his Successor and Heir Presumptive his August
Son Prince Abbas Mirza. His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russia,
with a view to giving to His Majesty the Shah public evidence of
his friendly dispcsitions and of his desire to contribute to he con-
solidation of this order of succession, undertakes to recognize as
from today, in tha August Person of His Royal Highness Princ
Abbas Mirza. the Successor and Heir Presumptive of the Crown
of Persia and to consider Him as the Legitimate Sovereign of this
Kingdom from his ascension to the throne.
3
Art. VI
Russian merchant vessels will enjoy, as in the past,
the right to navigate freely on the Caspian Sea and along its coasts
and to land there. They will find in Persia aid and assistance in
case of shipwreck. The same right is accorded to Persian merchant
vessels to navigate on the old footing in the Caspian Sea and to
enter Russian Rivers where, in case of shipwreck, the Persians will
receive reciprocally aid and assistance. 1
i
h
L
I.
ft
As for war vessels, those which bear the Russian military flag
being ab antiquo the only ones which have had the right to navi-
gate on the Caspian Sea, this same exclusive privilege, is for this
reason, equally reserved and assured today, so that, with the
exception of Russia, no other Power shall be able to have war
vessels on the Caspian Sea.
Art. IX. His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias and His
37
t
[
»
of the mountains, it is agreed that there declination from' the side
of the Caspian Sea will belong to Russia and that their opposite
slope will belong to Persia. From the crest of the heights of Djikoir,
the frontier will follow follow the summit of Karr.arkouia, the moun-
tains which separate the Talyche from the district of Archa. The
crests of the mountains, separating on all sides the watershed, will
determine here the frontier line in the same manner as stated
above concerning the distance included between the source of
the Odinabazar and the summits of Djihor. The frontier line will
follow thereafter, from the summit of Kamarkouia, the crests of the
mountains which separate the district of Zouvante from that of
Archa to the limit of that of Welkidji, always conforming to the
principle enunciated in connection with the watershed. The district
of Zouvante, with the exception of the part situated on the opposite
side of the summit of the said mountains, will fall in this way in
division to Russia. Beginning with the limit of the district of
Welkidji, the frontier line between the two States will follow the
summits of Klopouty and of the principal chain of mountains which
traverse the district of Welkidji to the northern source of the river
called Astara, always observing the principle relative to the water-
shed. From there the frontier will follow the bed of this river to its
discharge in the Caspian Sea, and will complete the line of demar-
cation which will separate in future the respective possessions of
Russia and Persia.
Art. V.
His Majesty the Shah of Persia in testimony of his
sincere friendship for His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias
solemnly recognizes by the present Article, both in his name as
in that of his Heirs and Successors to the throne of Persia as
belonging forever to the Russian Empire, all the countries and ail
the islands situated between the line of demarcation designated
by the precedmg Article on the one side ,and the crest of the
mountams of the Caucasus, and the Caspian Sea on the other, as
countries.
as the peoples, nomads and others who
inhabit these
-.-**.
ti
Art. VI.
With a view to recompensing the considerable sacri
\A/ar \Ayht^K ^>*~ i i. . . ** .
ij__ t r . .. , r--"^Miy me uunsiaerao e
f.ces that the war, which occurred between the two States,
has
36
1
i
-i
i -
cession. His Majesty the Shah undertakes to turn over to the
Russian Authorities, within six months at the latest, from the date
of signature of the present Treaty, all the archives and all public
documents concerning the administration of the two Khanates
abovementioned.
Art. IV, The two High Contracting Parties agree to establish,
as the frontier between the two States, the following line of demar-
cation ; In parting from the point of the frontier of the Ottoman
States, the nearest in a straight line from the summit of the little
Ararat, this line will continue to the summit of this mountain from
whence it will descend to the source of the river known as the
Lower Karassou which flows from the southern side of the Little
Ararat and it ill follow its course until its discharge in the Araxe,
opposite Cherour. Arrived at this point, this line will follow the bed
of the Araxe to the Fortress of Abbas-Abad; around the exterior
works of this place which are situated on the right bank of the
Araxe, there will be traced a radius of a half agatch, or three versts
and a half from Russia, which will extend in all directions; all the
land which will be enclosed in this radius will belong exclusively
to Russia and ill be demarked with the greatest exactitude in the
space of two months, dating from this day. From the locality where
the eastern extremity of this radius will have rejoined the Araxe,
the frontier line will continue to follow the bed of this river to the
ford of Jediboulouk, from whence the Persian Territory will extend
the length of the bed of the Araxe for a distince of three agatch or
twenty-one versts from Russia; arrived at this point? the frontier
line will traverse in a direct manner the plain of Moughan to the
bed of the river known as Bolgarou, to the place situated at three
agatch or twenty-one versts below the conjunction of the two small
rivers kno:n as Odinabazar and Sarakamyche. From there, this
line will reascend from the left bank of the Bolgarou to the junction
of the said rivers Odinabazar and Sarakamyche and will extend the
length of the right bank of the river of Odinabazar to its source
and from their to the summit of the heights of Djikoir so that all the
waters which flow towards the Caspian Sea will belong to Russia,
and all those watershed is of the Persian side will belong to
Persia. The limit of the two States being marked here by the crest
25
i
r
1 i
r
i
I'
I. ■
i r
1 .
r
< ■
i .■
? h
:< :
f , '
i
i
i
r
L,
\> -
I \
TREATIES OF PEACE AND COMMERCE (TURKMANCHAY) :
PERSIA AND RUSSIA
10 22 February 1828
1. THE TREATY OF PEACE
Art.
I. There will be, dating from this day, peace, friendship
and perfect understanding between His Majesty the Emperor of all
the Russias on one hand, and His Majesty the Shah of Persia on
the other, their Heirs and Successors, their States and their res-
pective Subjects, in perpetuity.
Art. II.
Considering that the hostilities taken place between
the H.gh Contracting Parties, and happily terminated today have
brought to an end the obligations which the Treaty of Gulistan
imposed upon them, His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias
and His Majesty the Shah in Shah of Persia have judged it appro-
priate to replace the said Treaty of Gulistan by the present Clauses
and Stipulations, which are designed to regulate and to consoli-
date more and more the future relations of peace and friendship
between Russia and Persia.
Art.
His Majesty the Shah of Persia, both in h
is name as
n that of his Heirs and Successors, cedes i nentire ownership to
the Russian Empire the Khanate of Erivan on both sides of the
Araxe, and the Khanate of Nakhitchevan. In consequence of this
34
<*r
when, according to the Register of the Courts of Judicature, the
property shall be delivered up. The customary fees and the hire
of the place for dapositing the effects are to be paid, and should
they be burnt or destroyed within the above stated period, no
claims are to be advanced for the recovery of the property. If
during the said period the heir of the executor of the deceased
does not arrive the Officers of the Treasury, with the knowledge
of the Agent of the Persian Government, shall sell the property and
keep the amount in deposit.
Art. VII. Agreeably to former Engagements, and for the
purpose o fadding fresh ties to the Alliance, a Minister shall be
sent every three years to reside for
Courts.
that period at the respective
The subjects of the Two High Powers, who, during the War,
may have desertad from either country, in consideration of this
happy Peace, shall suffer no punishment for the offence committed.
r
Final Article. — The Capitulations detailed in the Basis of the
Treaty, and the Stipulations and different Articles which have been
the result of the Confarences, shall be approved of by both Parties.
No clai-rs shall be advanced on account of plunder and losses, or
any indemnification required for the expenses of the War, and the
principle adhered to by both Governments shall be to overlook all
past occurrences.
I ■
i
> ,
I ,
i. .
i 1
■i ;
i
■ i
■
h ■
r
i ;
■ (
■ *
33
I
; ■ 1
1 .
7
1 '"
these tribes continue to invade and molest the Persian Territory,
and the Frontier Authorities do not put a stop to these aggressions,'
the Ottoman Government shall cease to protect them, and should
these Tribes of their own will and choice return to Persia, their
departure shall not be prohibited nor opposed. But after' their
arrival in Persia, should they again desert to Turkey, the Ottoman
Government shall afford them no further protection, nor shall they
be received. In the event of their return to Persia, should these
tribes disturb the tranquillity of the Ottoman Territory, the Persian
Frontier Authorities agree to use every effort to prevent these
irregularities.
Art. IV. In conformity with ancient engagements, the deser-
ters from either Country shall not be received; an in like manner,
from this period, the wandering Tribes and others quitting Persia
for Turkey, or Turkey for Persia, shall not receive protection from
either party.
Art. V.
The property of the Persian Merchants sequestrated
at Constantinople, with the cognizance of the Law and according
to the public registers, from the date of this Treaty to the period
of sixty days, wherever the sequestration may have taken place
shall be restored to the Proprietors. Besides the goods under
sequestration, whatever effects during the war may have been
taken by force from the Persian Pilgrims and Subjects throughout
the Ottoman Dominions, by the different Vizirs and Governors on
the representations of the Persian Government, Firmans shall be
delivered up to the Agents of such persons, who, on giving lawful
proofs of the authenticity of their claims, shall receive the required
fact !♦ I I* Iftr-IrS ' >
restitutions.
Arft. VI. On the demise of
any Persian Subjects in the
Ottoman Dominions, should the deceased have no lawful heir and
executor present, the Officers of the Treasury (Beit ul Mai) shall
with the cognizance of the Law. register the property, and shall
enter it upon the Records of the Court of Judicature. For the
nnn°?h ,° n ! JT thS SffeCtS Sha " be l0d 9 ed in a secur * P'ace.
until the lawful heir on administrator of the estate
may arrive,
32
!
Pilgrims and Merchants shall be considered as in full force and
acted upon.
The Pilgrims shall be conducted from Damascus to the Holy
Cities, and back to Damascus, and on the part of the Emir-Elhadj
every attention shall be shown towards them; whilst no treatment
at variance with the existing engagements shall be permitted; on
the contrary, every exertion shall be made to afford them aid and
protection. In case any disputes should arise amongst the Persian
Pilgrims, the Emir-Elhadj, in conjunction with the chief person
T
among them, is to settle their differences. To the female attendants
of His Persian Majesty, the wives of the Royal Princes, or of the
Grandees of the Empire, who may be on pilgrimage to Mecca, or
to Kerbelah and Nujuff, every respect and honour shall be paid
according to their respective ranks. Persian Merchants and Sub-
jects shall pay the same rate of Customs as those of the Ottoman
Government. The duties are only to be exacted once, and they
shall be at a computation of four piastres to a hundred on the
value of the merchandize; Teskeres shall be given; and whilst the
goods remain in the possession of the first proprietors, and are
not disposed of to other Persons, no further duties are to be
demanded.
The Persian Merchants, who carry the Choobooks, or Pipes-
ticks of Sheeraz to Constantinopl, shall be allowed tojraffick them
without any restrictions, and to sell them to whomsoever they may
think proper. To the Merchants, Subjects, and Dependants of the
Two High Powers, visiting the two Countries, in consideration of
the Mahomedan religion, every friendly treatment shall be
extended, and they shall be preserved from all molestation and
injury.
Art. III. The Tribes of Hyderanloo and Sibbikee, which have
been the cause of contention between the Two High Powers, and
are now dwelling in the Territory of the Ottoman Empire, should
they from thence transgress the boundary of Persia, and commit
any ravages, the Turkish Frontier Authorities will endeavour to
prevent such proceedings, and punish the offenders. In case that
31
^S^^SSS^^
m
captured on both sides, without concealment of prevention, shall
have free permission to depart. Provisions and other necessaries
requisite for the journey shall be afforded them, and they shall be
sent to the Frontiers of the two Countries.
Art, 1. The Two High Powers do not admit each other's
interference in the internal affairs of their respective States. From
this period, on the side of Bagdad and Koordistan no interference
is to take place, nor with any Districts of the Divisions of Koordis-
tan within the Boundaries, is the Persian Government to inter-
meddle, or authorise any acts of molestation, or to assume any
authority over the present or former Possessors of those Countries.
n
And on that frontier, should the Tribes of either side pass the
boundaries for a summer or winter residence, the Agents of His
Royal Highness the Heir Apparent, with the Pasha of Bagdad, shall
arrange the tribute customary to be paid, the rent of the pasture
lands, and other claims, inorder that they may not cause any
misunderstanding between the two Governments.
Art. II. Persian subjects proceeding to the Holy Cities of
Mecca and Medina, as to other Mahomedan towns, such as Pil-
grims, and persons travelling through the Ottoman Territories, are
to be entirely exempted from all contributions; and other imposi-
tions at variance with lawful usage are not to be demanded from
them.
In like manner the Pilgrims to Kerbelah and Nujuff, as long
as they have no merchandize, neither tribute not tax of any kind
is to be extracted from them; but in case they have in their
possession articles of commerce, the just rate of Customs is to
be levied on such goods, and nothing extra is to be demanded.
The Persian Government is likewise bound to pursue the same
Hne of conduct towards the Merchants and Sudjects of the Ottoman
Empire. In conformity with former Engagements, from this period
on the part of the Vizirs the Emir-Elhadj, and other Commanders
and Governors, the ancient Stipulations respecting the Persian
- 30
l4l ^*-^ ^^hOuattii*^*^ ^'^^' '
J *,*
AND PERSIA
i*
I .
' J *
. p"
TREATY OF PEACE (ERZURUM) : THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
ii
28 July 1823
I:
e as / Si _ The Stipulations of the Treaty concluded in the year
of the concluded in the year of the Hegira 1159 [4 September
1746] respecting the ancient Boundaries of the Two Empires, and
the former Agreements relating to Pilgrims, Merchants, the delivery
of Refugees, the free egress of all Prisoners, and the residence of
a Minister at the respective Courts, are considered valid, and are
to be strictly observed. The slightest deviation from the engage-
ments therein detailed shall not be permitted, and the amity
between the Two powerful States shall be for ever preserved.
Stipulations.
Henceforward the Sword of Enmity shall be
shealthed, and every circumstance shall be avoided, which may
produce coldness or disgust, and may be contrary to friendship
and perfect union. The Countries within the boundaries of the
Ottoman Empire, which, during the war, or previously to the com-
mencement of hostilities, have been taken possession of by Persia,
including Fortresses, Districts, Lands, Towns, and Villages, to be
restored in their present state, and, at the expiration of sixty days
from the signature of this Treaty, to be delivered over to the
Ottoman Government.
i ■ '
1
i
:■ 1
L }
t
L
i
r
I
T
"*'
">i
i
-w,
I - 1
And in token of respect for this happy peace, the prisoners
M
29
1 it
J
<
t\
] '
receive intelligence of the. wishes of the Persian Government res-
pecting him, he shall refuse him admission. After such prohibition,
should such person persist in his resolution, the said Governor
shall cause him to be seized and sent to Persia, it being under-
stood that the aforesaid obligations are reciprocal between the
contracting parties.
Art. 11. Should His Persian Majesty require assistance from
the English Government in the Persian Gulf, they shall, if conve-
nient and practicable, assist him with ships of war and troops. The
expenses of such expedition shall be accounted for and defrayed
by the Persian Government and the above ships shall anchor in
such ports as shall be pointed out by the Persian Govenment, and
not at other harbours without permission, except from absolute
necessity.
28
Great Britain.
Art. 6. Should any European power be engaged in war with
Persia when at peace with England, His Britannic Majesty engages
to use his best endeavours to bring Persia and such European
power to a friendly understanding. If, however, His Majesty's
cordial interference should fail of success, England shall still, if
required, in conformity with the stipulations in the preceding
Articles, send a force from India, or in lieu thereof, pay an annual
subsidy of twohundred thousand tomans for the support of a
Persian army so long as a war in the supposed case shall continue,
and until Persia shall make peace with such nation.
i
*
P
L
Art. 7. Since it is the custom of Persia to pay the troops
six months in advance, the English minister at that Court shall do
all in his power to pay the subsidy in as early instalments as may
be convenient.
Art. 8. Should the Afghans be at war with the British nation,
His Persian Majesty engages to send an army against them in
such force and in such manner as may be concerted with the
English Government. The expense of such an army shall be de-
frayed by the British Government in such manner as may be agreed
upon at the period of its being required.
* (
Art. 9. If war should be declared between the Afghans and
Persians, the English Government shall not interfere with either
party unless their mediation to effect a peace shall be sollicited
by both parties.
; i
i
i
i J
_■
i
■i
^-
Art. 10. Should any Persian subject of distinction showing
signs of hostility and rebellion take refuge in the British dominions,
the English Government shall, on intimation from the Persian
Government, turn him out of their country, or, if he refuse to leave
it, shall seize and send him to Persia.
: i
. K
!. ■■
Previously to the arrival of such fugitive in the English territory,
should the Governor of the district to which he may direct his flight
27
between the Princes, Noblemen, and great Chiefs of Persia, and
if one of the contending parties should even offer a province of
Persia with a view of obtaining assistance, the English Government
shall not agree to such a proposal, nor by adopting it possess
themselves of such part of Persia.
Art. 3. The purpose of this Treaty is strictly defensive, and
the object is that from their mutual assistance both States should
derive stability and strength, and this Treaty has only been con-
cluded for the purpose of repelling the aggression of enemies; and
the purport of the word aggression in this Treaty is an attack upon
the territories of another State. The limits of the territories of the
two States of Russia and Persia shall be determined according
to the admission of Great Britain, Persia, and Russia.
Art. 4. It having been agreed by an Article in the preliminary
Treaty concluded between the high contracting parties that in
case of any European nation invading Persia, should the Persian
Government require the assistance of the English, the Governor
General of India, on the part of Great Britain, shall comply with the
wish of the Persian Government by sending from India the force
required, with officers, ammunition, and warlike stores, or, in lieu
thereof, the English Government shall pay an annual subsidy; the
amount of which shall be regulated in a definitive Treaty to be
concluded between the high contracting parties; it is hereby
provided that the amount of the said subsidy shall be two hundred
thousand (200.000) tomans annually. It is further agreed that the
said subsidy shall not be paid in case the war with such European
nation shall have been produced by an aggression on the part of
Persia; and since the payment of the subsidy will be made solely
for the purpose of raising and disciplining an army, it is agreed
that the English minister shall be satisfied of its being duly applied
to the purpose for which it is assigned.
Art. 5. Should the Persian Government wish to introduce
European discipline among their troops, they are at liberty to
employ European officers for that purpose, provided the said
officers do not belong to nations in a stated war or enmity with
■< '
26
TREATY OF DEFENSIVE ALLIANCE :
Britain and Persia
25 November 1814
Art. 1. The Persian Government judge it incumbent on them,
after the conclusion of the definitev Treaty, to declare all alliances
contracted with European nations in a state of hostility with Great
Britain null and void, and hold themselves bound not to allow any
European army to enter the Persian territory, not to proceed
towards India, nor to any of the ports of that country, and also
engage not to allow any individuals of such European nations
entertaining a design of invading India, or being at enmity with
Great Britain whatever, to enter Persia. Should any of the European
powers wish to invade India by the road of Kharizen, Taturistan,
Bokhara, Samarkand, or other routes, His Persian Majesty engages
to induce the kings and governors of those countries to oppose
such invasion, as much as is in his power, either by the fear of his
arms or by conciliatory measures.
Art. 2. It is agreed that these Articles formed with the hand
of truth and sincerity shall not be changed or altered, but there
shall arise from them a daily increase of friendship which shall last
for ever between the two most serene kings, their heirs, succes-
sors, their subjects, and their respective kingdoms, dominions,
provinces, and countries; and His Britannic Majesty further
engages not to interfere in any dispute which may hereafter arise
25
States, merchants shall be allowed to sell or exchange their goods
without the further permission of the Custom House Officers
because it is the duty of Custom House Officers to prevent all
sorts of delay, in the prosecution of trade, and to receive the
King's customs from the buyer or seller as may be agreed between
them.
Art. 11. After the signature of this Treaty the respective
plenipotentiaries shall immediately announce the
different frontier posts and order the suspension
hostilities; and two copies of this Treaty being taken with Persia"n
translations, they shall be signed and sealed by the respective
plenipotentiaries, and be exchanged.
peace
of all
to the
further
24
i
+ .
Art. 8. With regard to the intercourse of caravans, the mer-
chants o feither country must be provided with a passport that
they may travel either by sea or land Without fear, and individuals
may reside in either country for the purpose of trade so long as it
suits their convenience, and they shall meet with no opposition
when they wish to return home. In regard to merchandise and
goods, brought from Russia to Persia, or sent from Persia to
Russia, the proprietors may at their own discretion either sell or
exchange them for other property. Merchants having occasion to
complain of failure of payment or other grievances wiil state the
nature of their cases to the merchantile agents; or, if there are
none resident in the place, they will apply to the Governor, who
will examine into the merits of their representations, and will be
careful that no injustice be offered this class of men. Russian
merchants having entered Persia with merchandise will have per-
mission to convey it to any country in alliance with that State, and
the Persian Government will readily furnish them a passport to
enable them to do so. In like manner, Persian merchants who
visit Russia will have permission to proceed to any country in
alliance with Russia. In case of a Russian merchant dying in Persia,
and his goods remaining in Persia, as they are the property of a
subject of a friendly State, they shall be taken charge of by the
proper constituted authorities, and shall be delivered over, on
demand, to the lawful heirs of the deceased, who shall have per-
mission to dis pose of them. As this is the custom among all
civilised nations, there can be no objection to this arrangement.
1 J
-l!
Art. 9. The duties on Russian merchandise brought to
Persian ports shali be in the proportion of five hundred dinars (or
5 per cent.) on property of the value of one toman, which having
been paid at one city the goods may be conveyed to any part of
Persia without any further demand of duty being made on any
pretence whatever. The like percentage, and nothing more, will
be paid o nexports. The import and export duties from Persian
merchants in Russia will be levied at the same rate.
i- :
Art. 10. On the arrival of goods at the seaport towns, or
such as come by land-carriage to the frontier towns of the two
23
1:
i
1
i.
!
+
B
L
according to the.r former practice, have permission to enter the
Persian harbours, and the Persians shall render to the Russian
Manne all friendly aid in case of casualties by storm or shipwreck
Persian merchantmen shall enjoy the same privilege of enter-
ing Russian harbours, and the like aid shall be afforded to the
Persian Marine by the Russians in case of casualties by storm or
shipwreck. y
The Russian flag shall fly , n the Russian ships-of-war
are permitted to sail in the Caspian as formerly no other
whatever shall be allowed ships-of-war on the Ca-oian
which
nation
Art. 6.
otherwise,
The whole of the prisoners taken either in battle or
whether Christians or of any other religion shall be
mutually exchanged at the exp.ration of three months 'after the
date of the signature of the Treaty. The High Contracting Parties
shaH give a sum to each of the prisoners for his expenses and
send them to Kara Eccies.a; those charged with the superinten
dence f tne exchange Qn (he ^.^ ^
other of the prisoners being sent to the appointed place when
they shall, be exchanged; and any person who either voluntarily
deserted or fled after the commission of a crime shall hep"
ZTZ TT t0 K hJS C ° Untry ' f ° r Sha " remain w»h°ut ™.es£
t.on All deserters who return to their country shall be forgiven by
both contracting parties. y
Art. 7. In addition to the above articles, the two contracting
sovereigns ave been pleased to resolve to exchange Ambassa
dors, who at a proper period
will be sent to their respective
capitals, where they will meet with that honour due to their rank
and due attention shall be paid to the requests they ma be
h erged to make. Mercantile agents shall be appointed to reside
a ry no t^'f^ T PUfp0Se ° f aSSiS,in9 the merch -ts i
car ymg on their trade; they shall only retain ten followers; they
atte tonTd Way t S m ° !e5t6d: they Sha " be trated with res P ect and
attention, and parties of either nation injured in the way of trade
may by their interference have their grievances redressed
22
f
■■. ,
>L£t4,
thening mutual confidence after the conclusion of the Treaty,
Commissioners shall be appointed respectively, who, in concur-
dence with each other and with the Cognizance of the Governors
concerned, shall determine what mountains, rivers, lakes, villages,
and fields shall mark the line of frontier, having first ascertained
the respective possessions at the time of making the Treaty, and
holding in view the status quo ad presentem as the basis on which
the boundaries are to be determined.
If the possessions of either of the High Contracting Parties
shall have been infringed on by the above-mentioned boundaries,
the Commissioners shall rectify it on the basis of the status quo
ad presentem.
Art. 3. His Majesty the King of Persia, in demonstration of
his amicable sentiments towards the Emperor of Russia, acknow-
ledges in his own name and that of his heirs the sovereignty of
the Emperor of Russia over the provinces of Karabagh and Geor-
gia, now called Elizabeth Paul, the districts of Shekie, Shiriwan,
Kobek, Dergend, Bakoobeh, and such part of Talish as is now
possessed by Russia, the whole of Degesten, Georgia, the tract
of Shoorgi!, Achook, Bash, Gooreea, Mingrelia, Abtichar, the
whole country between the boundary at present established and
the line of Caucasus, and all the territory between the Caucasus
I
4 _
and the Caspian Sea
Art. 4. His Majesty the Emperor of Russia, actuated by
similar feelings towards His Majesty of Persia, and in the spirit of
good neighbourhood wishing the Sovereign of Persia always to be
firmly established on the throne, engages for himself and heirs
to recognise the Prince who shall be nominated heir-apparent, and
to afford his assistance in case he should require it to suppress
any opposing party. The power of Persia will thus be increased by
the aid of Russia. The Emperor engages for himself and heirs not
to interfere in the dissensions of the Prince, unless the aid of the
Russia narms is reqnred by the King of the time.
Art. 5. -The Russian merchantmen on the Caspian Sea shall,
21
i .
i
! '
j
i- ■
i '
i
i _■
-i
!" =1
H
r
f
r -
i
-3
r*i
1
t
i
8
i
I
6-
TREATY OF PEACE (Guliston)
Russia and Persia 30 September 12 October 1814
Art. 1.
After the conclusion of this Treaty the hostilities which
have hitherto existed between the States of Russia and Persia
shall cease, and peace shall be established between the respective
sovereigns and their allies for ever.
Art. 2
_ The status quo ad presentem having been agreed on
as the bas.s of treating in v,rtue of this arrangement, the several
districts hitherto possessed by the respective States shall remain
under the.r subjection, and the frontier is determined in the man-
ner under written
The line of demarcation is to
commerce from the plain of
Aduna Bazar, running direct towards the plain of Moghan to the
ford of the Anas at Yuln Bulook, up the Anas to the Junction of the
Capenmik Chace at the back of the hill of Mekrl; from thence the
of° aSz t„ n ab ? 9h and NUkSh ' Van iS fr ° m ab ° Ve the mountains
of Al.ghuz to Dualignuz. and thence the boundary of Karabagh
Nukah.van Envand, and also part of Georgia, and of Kuzah and
Shums-ud-deen Loc is separated by Eishuk Meidaun; from Eishuk
Me.daun the line is the chain of mountains on the right ans the
AHohu it"'^ ChUmmUni 3nd fr ° m the (0PS ° f the mountain, of
the J Ju 810 " 9 the Vi, ' a9e ° f Sh00r9i, and betwe ^ those of
aa t hi di-t , Trl ^ " reaCh6S the n ' Ver 0f Arpachahi; and
as the district of Tal.sh during the hostilities has been pa tiallv
sub ie c t ed by the contending parties, for ,he purpose ofTng-
20
1
ART. 11. If a French fleet should be dispatched to the
Persian Gulf and to the ports of H.M. the Emperor of Persia, it will
be granted all the facilities and help which it might need.
ART. 12. If it were the intention of H.M. the Emperor of the
French to send an army by land to attack English possessions in
India, H.M. the Emperor of Persia, as a good and faithful ally, will
grant this army passage on his territories. In such event, a special
convention will be concluded in advance by the two governments
stipulating the route that must be taken by the troops, the food and
transportation that would be provided and the number of auxiliary
troops that H.M. the Emperor of Persia would be prepared to attach
to this expedition.
ART. 13. Everything furnished to either the fleets or the
troops in accordance with the preceding two articles shall be
offered at prices and under conditions prevailing among the
[Persian] nationals themselves and shall be paid for by the said
fleets and troops.
*
f
i
ART. 14. The stipulations enumerated in article 12 above
shall be applicable only to France. They shall, accordingly, not be
extended by future treaties to either England or Russia.
ART. 15 For the reciprocal advantage of both Powers, a
treaty of commerce, to be negotiated in Tehran, will be concluded.
19
■hGWl
; ■%
1
King of Italy, undertakes to supply as many field guns and rifles
with bayonets as may be requested by H.M. the Emperor of Persia
Payment for these arms will be made in conformity with their value
in Europe.
ART. 7. H.M. the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, under-
takes to provide for H.M. the Emperor of Persia artillery, engmeer
and infantry officers in such numbers as may be considered neces-
sary by H.M. the Emperor of Persia to strengthen his Stresses and
to organize Persian artillery and infantry in accordance with princ-
iples of European military art.
ART. 8. H.M. the Emperor of Persia for his part undertakes
to sever all diplomatic and commercial relations with England to
declare war at once on the latter power and to commence hostil-
ities without delay. Accordingly, he will recall the Persian Minister
accredited to Bombay The consuls, factors or other agents of the
English Company residing in Pers.a and in the ports of the Persian
Gulf w.ll have to leave their places of residence immediately H M
he Emperor of Persia will seize all English merchandise and will
forb,d England communications in his territories, either by sea or
by land. Every minister, ambassador or agent who might present
himself on behalf of this power during the war will not be reco
gruzed.
ART. 9.
In any other war in which Britain and Russia may
ally hemse ves against Persia and France, France and Persia will
JaV^T eqUafly a ° ainSt Bn ' tain and Russia - Th eV ^all act
against the common enemy as soon as official notification is given
exists A.T TT 9 Party ' menaC6d ° r a,tacked ' that a **e o^war
exists All diplomats and commercial relations will be conducted
m accordance with the preceding article.
1 m
ART. 10. H.M. the Emperor of Persia wil
use all his influ-
ence to persuade the Afghans and other peoples o On ah to
add their arm.es to his in fighting England and after obtam no
passage on their territory, he will send an army ag i h S
possessions in India. «y^"bi me tngnsn
18
i
Ht
<*■
■f
TREATY OF ALLIANCE (FINKENSTEIN) : FRANCE AND PERSIA
4 May 1807
ART. 1. Peace, friendship and alliance shall be constantly
maintained between H.M. the Emperor of the French, King of Italy,
and H.M. the Emperor of Persia.
ART. 2. H.M. the Emperor of the French, King of Italy,
guarantees to H.M. the Emperor of Persia the integrity of his pre-
sent territory.
ART. 3. H.M. the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, reco
ART. 4. He undertakes to direct every effort toward com-
pelling Russia to withdraw from Georgia and Persian territory.
This withdrawal will be the constant goal of his policies.
i
ART. 5. H.M. the Emperor of the French, King of Italy, will
maintain at the Persian Court a Minister Plenipotentiary and Lega-
tion Secretaries.
ART. 6. H.M. the Emperor of Persia, desirous of organizing
his infantry, his artillery and fortifications, according to the princ-
iples of the European system. H.M. the Emperor of the French,
17 -
- ;■
P 4
3
i
T
J
3
'*
' i '
■F M
1.1
I I
■ I
I
X
!
-a -
i
t
4- -
-- r
ft
is
gnizes Georgia as belonging legitimately to H.M. the Emperor of j
Persia.
ir
1 LH
I 1
^
1
■I
- \
■_ -■
: *
- m
■j
- ]
I;
J '
1
r
■ l
■-M
4
i
i
t
be levied upon the purchasers. And the duties, imports, and cus-
toms which are at this period established in Persia and India (on
other goods) are to remain fixed and not to be increased.
The high in rank Hajee Kulleel Khan Mullick-oo-Tijjar is charg-
ed and entrusted with the arrangement and settlement of the re-
maining points relative to commerce.
1
\-
16
k
HIU
ART. 4. If any person in the empire of Persia die indebted
to the English Government, the ruler of nhe place must exert his
power to have such demand satisfied before those of any other
creditor whatever. The servants of the English Government, resi-
dent in Persia, are permitted to hire as many domestic natives of
that country as are necessary for the transaction of their affairs;
and they are authorised to punish such, in cases of misconduct,
in the manner they judge most expedient, provided such punish-
ment does not extend to life or limb; in such cases the punish-
ment to be inflicted by the ruler or governor of the place.
ART. 5. The English are at liberty to build houses and man-
siins in any of the ports or .-cities of Persia that they choose, and
they may sell or rent ail such houses or mansions at pleasure. And
should ever a ship belonging to the English Government be in a
damaged state in any of the ports of Persia, or one of Persia be in
that conditicn in an English harbour, the Chiefs and rulers of the
ports and harbours of the respective nations are to consider it as
their duty to give every aid to refit and repair vessels so situated.
And if it happens that any of the vessels of either nation are sunk
or shipwrecked in or near the ports or shores of either country,
on such occasions whatever part of the property is recovered shall
be restored to their owners or their heirs, and a just hire is to be
allowed by the owners to those who recover it.
FINAL ARTICLE. Whenever any native of England or India,
in the service of the English Government, resident in Persia, wishes
to leave that country, he is to suffer obstruction from no person,
but to be at full liberty to do so, and to carry with him his property.
The Articles of the Treaty between the two States are fixed
and determined. That person who turns from God turns from his
own soul.
ADDITIONAL ARTICLE. It is further written in sincerity that
on iron, lead, steel, broadcloth, and purpetts that are exclusively
the property of the English Government, no duties whatever shall
be taken from the sellers: a duty not exceeding one per cent, to
15
1"
w
W*
I-
j
r
While time endures, and while the world exists, the contents
of this exalted Treaty shall remain an admired picture in the mirror
of duration and perpetuity, and submission to the fair image on this
conspicuous page shall be everlasting.
ART. 1.
2. THE COMMERCIAL TREATY
The merchants of the high contracting States are to
ravel and carry on their affairs in the territories of both nations in
fu I security and confidence, and the rulers and governors of all
cues are to consider it their duty to protect from injury their cattle
and goods.
Enci»nJn 2 u T H e tradefS and merchants of. the kingdom of
England or Hmdoostan that are in the service of the English Gov-
cTs" th I' b Y ermiUed t0 Sett ' e in ^ ° f the "W^r
cities of ,ne boundless empire of Persia (which may God preserve
rom calarmty) that they p refer ; and no government duties, taxes
or reactions shall ever be collected on any goods that are the
u hlT e P t e a 7 °I 6ither ° f ,hS ^ernments-the usual duties
such to be taken from purchasers.
Should it happen that either the persons or property
(of merchants) are injured or lost by thieves or robbers the ut
most exertions shall be made to punish the de Inquents and -
rl, : r e P6rty ' An f ' any merChant or ™er of'pSa ev d s
la ter ar e '11??™* ° f a debt to the En ^ sh Government, the
latter are authorized to use every possible mode for the recovery
the ZJ7 S ' f takin9 CarS t0 d ° S0 in commutation nd w h
on sder ra?: H 8 t " ,er " 90VemOr ° f the P' ace ' wh ° I- to
consider it as his duty to grant, on such occasion every aid in
ernmen? a re no T C ° nCemS ' the ° ff '' CerS of the En 9'^ Gov-
aid and f/v L "^ them C3n ^ on their affairs, but to
r cov heir d Ph r' !■"' ** above ^^^ merchants are to
recover their debts and demands in the mode prescribed bv th*
customs and laws of the English Government. Pr8SC - nbed by the
ART. 3.
■e*
+
14
Solomon, in dignity like Jumsheed, the shade of God ! who has
bestowed his mercy and kindness on the earth; when negotiations
are opened for an amicable adjustment, it shall be stipulated in
the peace concluded that the king of the Afghans, or his armies,
shall abandon all design of attack on the territories subject to the
government of the king above mentioned, who is worthy of royalty,
the king of England.
ART. 4. Should ever any king of the Afghans or any person
of the French nation commence war and hostilities with the power-
ful of the enduring State (of the king of Persia), the rulers of the
government of the king (of England), whose Court is like heaven,
and who has been before mentioned, shail (on such event) send
as many cannon and warlike stores as possible, with necessary
apparatus, attendants, and inspectors, and such supply shall be
delivered over at one of the ports of Persia, whose boundaries are
conspicuous, to the officers of the high in dignity, the king of
Persia.
* -
r
ART. 5. Should it ever occur that an army of the French
nation, actuated by design and deceit, attempts to settle with a
view of establishing themselves on any of the islands or shores
of Persia, a conjunct force shall be appointed by the two high
contracting States to act in co-operation for their expulsion and
extirpation, and to destroy and put an end to the foundation of
their treason. It is a condition, if such event happens, and the
conquering troops (of Persia) march, that the officers of the
government of the king (of England), who is powerful as the
heavens and as before mentioned, shall load, transport, and de-
liver (for their service) as great a quantity of necessaries, stores,
and provisions as they possibly can. And if ever any of the great
men of the French nation express a wish or desire to obtain a place
of residence or dwelling on any of the islands or shores of the
kingdom of Persia that they may there raise the standard of abode
or settlement, such request or representation shall not be consent-
ed unto by the high in rank of the State encompassed with justice
(the government of Persia), and leave for their residing in such a
place shall not be granted.
13
J lift
-4-
TREATIES OF ALLIANCE AND COMMERCE : GREAT BRITAIN
AND PERSIA
28 January 1801
1. THE POLITICAL TREATY
-V
ART. 1.
ART. 2.
nr^ t ™ , . AS l0n9 3S the SUn ' illuminat 'ng the circle of the two
S«to^ nht 9 ,K 0Wa I S ' ShmeS °" th6ir S0Verei9n d ° mini0nS ""d
union * I r<T r™^ "^ ** bem[lM ^ of «"*
union shall rema.n fixed on the mirror of duration and perpetuity
ted 1 el 353 ' 5 T e b6tWeen the ,W ° States sha " be m»tl-
tuted. and all causes of harted and hostility shall be banished.
If the king of the Afghans should ever show a r P «n
y \ui rersia), who is in rank like
4-
-■ i
12
As long as the conditions stated above are mutually respected,
the amity and good understanding between the two high powers
and their Illustrious sovereigns shall be maintained and observed
by them and their descendants.
11
■^s^^^ff
[the Ottoman functionaries] shall take every precaution for [the
pilgrims'] comfort and protection.
ART. 2. In order to confirm the amity between the two go-
vernments and to demonstrate their good harmony, every three
years the Ottoman Imperial Government and the Persian Govern-
ment snail accredit ambassadors to each other's court. The attend-
ant expenses shail be borne by the host government.
ART. 3. Prisoners of war of the two contracting parties
! liberated and may not be bought or sold [as slaves] Those
prisoners desiring to return to their homes shall not be impeded
by either side.
be
shall
APPENDIX
The
limits and frontiers, established under Sultan Murad IV
shall be verified, and the frontier commanders shall abstain from
measures detrimental to friendship. Moreover, the Persian people
having totally abandoned the unseemly innovations introduced in
the time of the Safavis and having embraced the religion of the
Sunms. shall mention the Orthodox Caliphs, of blessed memory
with respect and veneration.
Henceforth Persians who may go in pilgrimage to Mecca,
Medma and to other cities of the Ottoman Empire shall be re-
ceived w.th the same friendliness as that [accorded] to Muslim
pilgrims, travellers and inhabitants of the Empire. No tribute or
tax, repugnant to the laws and regulations, may be levied on
[the Persian pilgrims]. Similarly the authorities at Baghdad shall
not levy any customs duty on Persian pilgrims who are not trans-
porting merchandise. From those who are transporting merchand-
ise a customs duty no higher than that estimated according to
ancient usage will be collected. Merchants and inhabitants of the
Ottoman Empire shall be treated in the same manner in Persia.
If after the date of the conclusion of this treaty there should
be those who wish to flee from Persia to Turkey or vice versa
hey shall not receive asylum and upon the demand for extradition'
glto y surrendered *° the authorities of the pertinent
(
_1 .
10
1
-3-
TREATY OF PEACE (KURDAN) : THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
AND PERSIA
4 September 1746
BASIS OF THE TREATY
- £
J .
-I
1
k
The treaty of peace concluded in the reign of Sultan Murad
IV [at Zuhab on 17 May 1639], of glorious memory, shall be maint-
ained as valid by the two governments, and the frontiers and limits
fixed by that treaty shall be preserved on the same footing, and
there shall occur neither change nor alteration of the principles
enunciated therein.
CONDITION
Henceforth all hostility must cease, and everything that is
compatible with the dignity and honor of the two contracting
parties shall be observed, and everything that may cause cool-
ness or may be contrary to peace and good understanding shall
be avoided.
ART. 1. Persian pilgrims may go to the Holy Cities by way
of Baghdad and Damascus. The Governors-General, the Judges
and the Amirs ai-Hajj [Commanders of the Pilgrimage] on this
route shall conduct [the pilgrims] from place to place in full secu-
rity and tranquillity, and in entrusting them from one to the other,
i *
• j
L
.-i
: 1
W
I.!
i "
i ;
9
J n
2h _
■ i
t s
- 1 -
.■ r
i.
- 1
* K
f
J -
^Viltl^K^^^ ha - m - ^ been
settled without delay 1 llZ T' 9 " 8 ' The iawsuits will be
will receive satisfaction ^ ™ V haVS SUffered damage
-di Jo- '^nfai^™ rse^r 3168 ^ *' Shah »»' ™
invasion by Russian troops ani^/ 3 " 3 Wh °' durin 9 the
and cities, may have ntered the Z * 7^ ^^ province *
been employed by Her Tm De te! M ? 0r ™ y ° therwise hav *
the Russians, [the P ers an P ! 1 ^ Mer the with ^wal of
either corpora, Punish ^ rif^lt 1- Wi " ^ r6CeiVe
will not be troubled but will rpl! ISr aCtl0n ^ Th *y
9oods. Her Imperial L? Is i'" , PeaCefU ' P ° SSeSSion of ^
exchange of ratification no lieT of h K" 88 ** after the
against his will, [and] all tho ° h * Wi " be taken awa V
voluntari,y wi(( be L,o J ed a l' ^ £ ^ ^ ^
\
I
1
*:
1r
r -
"i -
i J"
i ■■
4
I
h
8
or relatives without anything being mislaid or withheld.
4. Her Imperial Majesty promises that the subjects of the
Shah coming to trade in her states or passing through her states
for other lands will enjoy all freedoms and advantages that may
be granted according to the customs and charters of her Empire.
be given exact
Upon application [the Persian merchants] wil
justice. To this purpose orders will be issued to all the officers of
Her Imperial Majesty in the cities to grant [ihe merchants] every
kind of liberty and to protect them and their trade. Her Imperial
Majesty also promises that when merchants of the Court of the
Shah may come to Russia with good certification that they are
sent to buy goods for His Majesty, they will pay no duty for goods
belonging to the Shah. In conformity with ancient usage, the said
merchants wiii be received with every kind of consideration, and
in the same manner will be sent off provided indeed that they are
Persian and that they buy not for others but solely for the Shah.
5. Since in the recent troubles in Persia several Russian
marchants were massacred by the rebel subjects of the Shah who
seized several thousand rubles, an act that plunged several per-
sons into deepest misery, His Majesty the Shah promises to have
these losses investigated for the benefit of the Russian subjects
and to render them justice, when the culprits can be identified, by
having the loss repaid from the movable or immovable property of
the guilty or of their heirs.
6. It has also been decided and enacted that the two signa-
tories will be permitted to have, at the Court of Her imperial
Majesty and at the Court of His Majesty the Shah, Ministers of such
character as the importance of the negotiations may dictate.
Each of the parties will give the said ministers such lodging and
daily appointment as is suitable to their character. Similarly, the
signatories will be allowed to have agents or consuls in other
cities where they may deem fit, and every respect commensurate
.with their duties will be shown them. The officers of these cities
will be ordered to respect them as is proper and to protect them
against every damage and insult. Also, upon their complaints, good
i'
7
located on this side of the Kura will remain under the domination
o Her Imperial Majesty, as they are at present, for the sole purpose
ot preventing the restless nations along the frontiers from joininq
he evl-mtentioned subjects of the Shah and causing new troubles
LZ h Pen ?' Maj6Sty Sh0U ' d Withdraw her tro °P^ b y seizing
forsibly the places now under Russian occupation. As for the
remainder, His Majesty the Shah recognizes in the return of his
provmces the generosity of Her Imperial Majesty and promises to
demonstrate his gratitude by all sorts of expressions of amity
nwn 3 h h ln u C °T qUSn ° e ' His Majesty the Shah undertakes on his
own behalf and that of his successors to live in perpetual and
mvolable amity and good neighborliness with Her Majesty d
en mies'of h* "I" "T " h ' 8 ° Wn 6nemieS th ° Se who ™V be
enemies of Her Imperial Majesty. He will allow the subjects of
Her imperial Majesty to trade freely in all the lands and place
rt; l d m 0m ' nali0n , Wi r Ut Pay ™' ° f ^ on merchaX
5h«h i , PerSia f ° r Sale 0r barter - To thi s end the
exac t : l ;^ 3 ' 1 ^ ° ff,CerS '" the CitieS ^ Ponces not
exact e,ther duty or presents from Russian merchants but upon
seeing a declaration by Russian officers at the frontier that Tthe
:;::;; s] ™r y Russian subjects > * ^ ^^11
all localities of Persia without payment of duty and if they should
wish to cross over to the Indies or to another co un tr y In Tursut
ohe e^ ^"rcirT^K 451 ° btain 9 ° 0d jUStiCe and »«We°
build in^b^act^^irantl::^:;! 3 ;-- 1 - »
dise. The Persian officers will desig at e sa fc n^ ^ T
Purpose and will give them all assfs nee If a ,h th ' S
loaded with Russian merchandise Sdhapp^ 8 ^ " V6SSel '
accident within the domain of His Majesty the Sh*h , h " :
danger will be given everv a^i^nrJ i. Bh ' fhose m
or theft in such circu, lancl s fc i forb d ^V*"' 9 °° ds - Pi " age
-f a Russian subject ^Z^^-^^TT
agamst receipt, will be placed in the custody ^co'Cons
to meet with
i
fi
t P
i 1
• i
if
?
I
J
•f
;(
=■ j
■ f
L
i
n
>-*
6
TREATY OF PEACE, AMITY AND COMMERCE :
PERSIA AND RUSSIA
21 Januarys February 1732
1. All misunderstandings which occurred at the time of the
unrest in Persia and the hostilities in which the two sides engaged
will be forgotten forever. The ancient good and inviolable friend-
ship that obtained between the two Empires will be re-established
in such a manner that each side will seek the good of the other
insofar as it can and will carefully avoid ail harm and damage.
2. Her Imperial Majesty of Russia, [desiring] to give His
Majesty the Shah persuasive proof of her friendship, renounces
of her own generous volition the rights acquired -by treaty and
conquest over the provinces of Persia by her ancestors of glorious
memory because of the great expenditures and preparations of
war. She promises the Minister Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the
Shah that one month after the signature of the present treaty she
will evacuate and return to the Shah the province of Lagetshank
[Lahijan or Daghistan] with its dependencies, all of Ranakut
and [the area] that lies beyond the River called Safid Rud; and
five months after the conclusion of the present treaty and the
exchange of ratifications, the provinces of Gilan, Astarinsk
[Astara] and other lands between Astarabad and the Kura River
in the same good state in which they are under the guard of the
troops of Her Imperial Majesty. The other provinces and places
5
Villages on the Mountain above Sailm Cale, near Chehrezor will
be m the possession of the Sultan, and the Villages lying on the
East, will be in the possession of the Shah, who will also keep the
Castle of Orman with the Villages which are dependent on it The
defile leading to Chehrezor has been established as a frontier The
fortress of Kizilidji with its dependencies shall remain in the
possession of the Sultan; and Mihreban with the dependencies
hereof, m that of the Shah. The fortresses of Colour (Kotur) and
Makoo on the frontier of Van, and the fortress of Magazberd
towards Kars and Van, will be demolished by the two Parties and
!! °^ 9 !f the Shah Wi " n0t have mo,ested ^ stresses of
Akiskha Kars, Van. Chehrezor, Bagdad, Bassora, and other Places
w.th,n the Units, such as fortresses, forts, Districts, lands, hills and
mountains, and no such horrible act as provoking to rebellion shall
have been committed by Him, on their part also His Majesty our
Great Pad.shah will respect this Peace, and no molestation shall
contrary t0 Treaty, be done to the places which remain within the
limits of the other side.
to JL°p?» r ' theref ° re ' th3t Merchants and travellers belonging
to either Party mav come and on ,n* meet with a friendly recep J on 9
■ u„ muwbi tmd positive authority written
ZZ'hT u" y Z g, ° US Tr6aty - the COntents of which ™ true, and
Tin I" 3 ? the Sh3h ' and t0 0ur most Au 9ust Padishah V
So long as the Shah shall, according to the Sacred text ■ « Do
as i olZ Z ST 6 " 1 aft u ^ ^^ d ° ne " " ° bserve this ,re ^
flrilnf p°J- k t ? 6rVea ' HiS lmperial Majes{ y- ° ur m °st Magni-
f.c,en Pad. 8 hah also, will act in obedience to the Holy Command'
« Fulfil your agreement, for an agreement is obligatory. „
This Happy Peace will last and be maintained, with the
perm ssion of God, till the day of resurrection : . And he who shaH
:, l e :S 9 . heard "'' -'* ^ -" *•" be upon thtetho'
shall have altered it. »
^JT* 1 G ° d: HS iS * he SOle God ' and blessings upon him
after whom there will be no Prophet. In the beginning and in th"
end and externally; and internally.
The most humble of the servants of God.
MUSTAFA, Grand Vizier.
V
4
fire of war should be extinguished and the dust of fighting
dispersed, stating that His Majesty the Shah's will is that recon-
ciliation and peace between the two Parties should take place, I,
on my part too, wishing to act in conformity to the sacred text, to
wit : « if they incline to peace, do ye also incline to it, » have
readily consented, for the sake of the safety and transquillity of
mankind to make Peace; and a letter was sent to the Shah to the
end that His Majesty might send a Person of confidence with
power to settle the conditions of the Peace, in a manner suitable
to the honour and dignity of the two Governments. Consequently
the Shat has appointed according to the established laws and
rules, to negotiate and conclude this treaty of Peace, and establish
and fix the state of the frontiers, the most excellent and faithful
Saroukhan, may he always be fortunate in transacting affairs on
which quiet and security depend ! Saroukhan, on his arrival in
the Imperial Camp at Zahab, was received with marks of hospitality;
and on the 14th day of Muharem, in the year 1049 of the Hegira
of the Prophet, upon whom be the best benedictions, a Divan was
hel din the Imperial Camp, in which were present the illustrious
Vizirs, the Miri Miran, the Commanders and Agas, the Aga of the
h
Janissaries, six Agas of six Companies, and other officers of the
army. Saroukhan, the Plenipotentiary who was duly accredited,
and the Ambassador Mehmed Culy Bey, were introduced in the
Divan, and the preliminaries were discussed with them so as to
put on a good footing the position of the Rayas and of the poor
who are a trust imposed by the Author of all beings, and the result
of the discussions on both Parties has been written down and is
as follows : Tzanan, Bedrie, Mendelgeen, Derteuk and Dernai, in
the Pashalik of Bagdad, will remain under the authority of our
august Padishah, who will also take possession of the Plains
between Mendelgeen and Derteuk, and the Mountain will remain
under the authority of the Shah. Serminii is fixed as frontier
between Derteuk and Dernai. That part of the country of Haronia,
occupied by the Tribes of Djaf and Zilja Uddin, will belong to the
Sultan. Pezai and Zerdony remain to the Shah. The fortress of
Zindjir, which lies on the top of the Mountain, shall be demolished;
the Sultan will take possession of the Villages lying westward of
it, and the Shah will take possession of those lying eastward. The
3
■■^ J +£Jt<-
*m^-+> !***<+•+
f«!l<
^ -
2
f
I
1
the scabbard; and nations which were making war with each
other, cordially reconciled themselves. « That is a favour of God.
He grants it to whom He pleases : and Go'd is most gracious. »
^
I, therefore, the most humble of all the servants of God, being
charged and authorized to do or undo whatever concerns the
Empire and the nation, and to make, just as I choose, war or peace,
an authority which I hold from the most glorious Padishah who is
the Defender of the faith, whose Majesty is as great as that of
Solomon, who is the substitute of God in the world, and who has
justified the maxim that « An equitable Sultan is the shadow of
God on earth »; the asylum of the greatest Musulman Princes, the
shelter of the most illustrious Turkish Sovereigns, the supporter
of Islamism and of Musulmans, the exterminator of heresies and of
the polytheists, the Sovereign of the two lands and of the two seas
the Sovereign of the two Orients and of the two Occidents, the
servant of the two Holy Cities, the treasure of Mankind and the
apple of the age, who is protected by the Supreme Being whose
divine assistance men implore, and favoured by the most High
and propitious God; May His Imperial Majesty's Dynasty last till
the end of the world, and their reign be prolonged till the consum-
mation of ages ! have, in virtue of my full powers and my real
character of the Sultan's substitute/ordered the Turkish victorious ff
troops to march from beneath Bagdad, and began to go forward *
with an intention of entering the Persian territory. On our arrival
at a station called Haronia, the most distinguished" among the
Grandees Chems Uddin Mehmed Culy Bey, Great Equerry, arrived
there in the capacity of Ambassador with a Letter from Him who
is the ornament of the Persian Throne, the splendor of the
Kingdom of Djem, and whose magnificence is equal to that of
Darius the great Prince and illustrious Lord, the Precious Pearl
of the Sea , of Royalty, the sun of the sky of Sovereignty, the noble
Eagle of the high region of the Dignity of Shah, the most Illustrious
and Majestic Prmce whose troops are as numerous as -the stars-
may the most High God raise the banners of his strength from
Z ■♦ !"?', "^ 6Xalt th ' edifiGe 0f his 9 |or V t0 the height of
f aUrn , »' '° ^ ^ ^ aU9USt Padishah ' and also a
flattering Letter to me. The Ambassador having asked that the
i - j$msx--» r i^rr^!-^^i -'sf^r/ _
■ ■ ,^J M J.^ltiWflJav*^i*fe '/»^*"* ' '£**?
u
■l
OTTOMAN
EMPIRE AND PERSIA
17 May 1639
Praise to God. the Holy, the Gracious, the bestower of Victory;
who has opened the door of peace and concord with the key of
the words : « Veriiy I wish nothing so much as reconciliation, »
and dispelled the darkness of war and fighting with the light of
quiet and happiness. Blessings and benedictions, so long as
flowers spread their perfume and daylight shines, upon his Prophet
who has fully and clearly manifested the faith, and with whose
auspicious advent Isiamism was greatly rejoiced; and upon his
family, children and companions who have been active in pro-
pagating that faith.
Now. whereas, by the will and good pleasure of Him who
raised the skies without pillars, and by an effect of the wisdom
and omnipotency of Him who composed all things from various
elements, and who has no equal, good order in society, and the
conservation of the world depend upon the justice and equity of
the Sovereigns, and upon their good understanding and union, no
less than upon their submission to the positive and to the negative
divine Commands, the August Sultans have, in conformity to this
sacred percept : « Fear God and reconcile yourselves, » resorted
to reconciliation, which is a" source of happiness, and renounced
to hostilities and war. the sword of mutual contrariety was put into
■: .
i
i
1
* i
'A
in*™- **-*^*-*Tir^-^
^-^• h ^*' — J r^VWJfiM T- +r_-*^ ., r jW _ r -j- -
1
1 - Treaty of Peace and Frontiers : The Ottoman Empire and Persia . 17 May 1639.
2 - Treaty of Peace, Amity and commerce : Persia and Russia , 21 January / 1 February
1732.
3 - Treaty of Peace (Kurdam) : The Ottoman Empire amd Persia 4 September 1746 .
4 - Treaties of Alliance and commerce : Great Britain and Persia . 28 January 1801 .
5 - Treaty of Alliance ( Finkestein ) : France and Persia 4 May 1807 ,
6 - Treaty of Peace ( Guliston ) Russia and Persia 30 September 12 October 1814 .
7 - Treaty of Defensive Alliance : Britain and Persia 25 November 1 8 14 ,
8 - Treaty of Peace ( Eizurum ) : The Ottoman Empire and Persia 28 July 1823 .
9 - Treaties of Peace and commerce ( Turkmanchay ) . Persia nnd Russia .
10/22 February 1828.
10 - Treaty of Peace ( Paris ) Britain and Persia 4 March 1857 .
r
r
'-.;■*■"
11 - Anglo - Russian Convention on Persia, Afghanistan and Tibet .18/31 August 1907 .
■£.
■ 1 \i>'V.
10
*.
T
*#.
■
:
i
i '
i
f
■■y/
*
*
*r
r
■**£
I'-j^tfrtlrfflS-^^^j^i-H -'v^ft
r ■
> r
! ,
NAVA -^- frjuir.dl.U
/"
;*:
*
General Organization Of the Alexan-
dria Library (GOAL)
i ■ IIP
)i
m
m
.-/»
*':
1 r_
■ j.-
**
i it -St
"Fr
'JSSSfe
if-'/- S"
■iS3K3ii. *=.:
^
&r
ul
^w^w^^vn
*-s
^o
-K
i
i
i
■f-
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11