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Le Strange • Bagdad during the Abbassid Coliphate.,p.3 _ ^^•^ 

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. n- ««► < I0A yo < i^UJI ga.jl1 : j^jjSM ,;^ „ 0(1) 

IcV iji" i£ A sjis- X. jjUJI j,a*^1 : tSjJJl „ ((c) 
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CANARD : Sayf Al Dawla -^ ,, ^ , ^u„ ^j{: ^'^ ^^, „ ^^^^ 



; s-Vj^P (.jL^j"^ Ua^st/^ ^j^ <LUj5eii aJiifJ ii-K>. (^JJI j^cijuJi \Xt> 

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Jj-laJl ^^j^J-JI jjLl^^V c J J ijS" LiliJI 4lLa=) JuJjl jjjU flsj 



OMi..,ii. ■>■» ^^J ul . jUjj uilii cilli cJlf JOjsJl ^V tVA \jo i ijJlusJI^ Cij^^ i-»>Uo 
., XL^ Jf Jli-i UIli jj«*-o iioill jl-u< c>l jT-i-i. TU u<s < 1 fj» J ^^iUJV g>jll 

CANARD : Op. Cit.,p 102— n,^ ^^ . ij^j^, ajj^ti^^l : j::^ 

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* * 



V_i--' -"^^-^ 



^>ji .ial--c. J* i '-^ij^ij .>^i oy. ^^^ r^ v^^ '>?• '*^^* 

N • Daniel : Islam and the West: the making of an Image 1952- H.A.R. 
Gibbond owen Islamic society and the west - R. Frye : Islam and the 
west B. Lewis : The Middle East and West. 

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Ltr"j::t'' tlr* tr J "Ufti^^l ^ tlAcj o^yii- illi^i ♦ ^^Vl (yj-«li D:::^ j:^ 
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Ji ' V--J '^>^ c/^" ^ ' Lxr^j^'' lk: •^>i j^l <ac jU»t L jl AJ/jb -^Ijj 

H.R. Bitterman : Harun Ar Rashid 
Gift of an Organ to Charlemagne. . ,^, ^, ; j,i_„ ^_^i, . ^ ^^j^, ^ ..^ , 

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♦ ^■'^^ ^LlU jji.^ ^ <Jij^l ^yll ^_;o_ t^Jdl j_^l U^l^Vl 
. ny u» ' V sj> <; fii-vi u*-« : ow*' ■»*»' - (ov> 

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, Jiw U^i jBil _ (rvv> 
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•dll-v-c jjj ^ ^^j-^jJI ji\ 4JjjJI t-i^ J*.^fl _^VI '-f^^ (j} ,y. J^ cf. lt-^' 



«.lj^Ml bjA\ Jy ^y^ jl-U* ^y_ kJjAll _;-^lj J>l3 J ♦ ^"'"'^ dUi u-..^_ ( * ^^Y 
^ joIJI Jb«iJll ^ jlS'j ♦ 4^UVI <U--iii Aai-w) tb j_jic. J^Ij .il-*^ (i 

i JibCll j^_^ jiL^'^l <l)l ^1 iaUVl j_jk«J jl (^1 ajjl jk>i»U ♦ ^jJj»-l ^tj 

^^LdJl j4»>- pLi"! j^ju^l lAXjij ♦ ^LiJI ^jj plili. /jj "LJir <5*_j-4 j^Iji ^ib Ijij 

Canard ; Histoire de la Dynastie de Jazira et de Syrie., pp 656-657 ( "vc > 
Sauvaget : Les pedes chaisies- D'Ebn Achihna., pp. 85-88. 

. «w u»ji n« w»j ' tr« - (TV u» < Y tjf < * inv j-^jj y.-;ji)i 

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JLjij««lt Ojjjj Si.ha i Sj^^ij gij'j • ij«>jaJl ij^LJl '-i~'5.i. — VTl u* < 1 «j> < ^^iJ^ 

Zaky. M. Hassan: Les Tulunides Etude de I'Egypte Musulmane h la fin 
du Ix^ siesie, Paris 1933., pp. 4.64-65. 

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Lane Poole : op. Cit., p. 68 

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Lane Poole : op. Cit., p. 69. \n u^ « ^^^ j-*^^ • li-*^' - <'^''> 



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18 — Lane Poole : op. Cit, p. 73-Zaky Hassan : op. Cit.,p. 115. 

19 — Zaky Hassan : op. Cit, p. 116. 



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Zaky Hassan : op. Cit., p. 134. - «w 



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^ r4r^' clr* J^ -^ (-^ 0-%J -L^LJI <i^jUJl jU dUi jS" J_^j 



Lane Poole : The Mahammadan Dynasties, p. 86. (tv) 

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Zaky Hassan: op.cit , p. 157 ott u^ < ^ o? * JjI— " j-i-«l' : ^j^^'' ~ ("\> 



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Zaky Hassan: op.cit , p. 157 »- ^ ^ i u-. ■, 3 m «, • „ ' , , 



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Zaky Hassan: : op. cit., p. 158 

Zaky Hassan: : op. cit„ p. 158 _ ^A u" ' li^'— " ^■*-*" 



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Zaky Hassan: : op, cit., p. 158 



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iiJU-lJJI Jaljyi a«>.1_4j f. i-Jjii.' <i O:^:^^' ^^^ t^ ~r^^^ -^' ^>J 

vn - yi. uo ' 1 fj> 
CANARD : Histoire de la Daynastie de Hamdanides. p. 589. 

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ol.L^I Jl^^y^ A^. ^L^ JO. ^ ^1^1 ^y ^ ^l_j| ^J^ 



CANARD : Une Lettre de Muhammad Ibn Tugj Al Ikshid p 4 

CANARD : op. cit„ p. 3 ^ ^^^ " ^ 

CANARD : Sayf Al Dawll! ll'sst. ' '^"' '^' '"''^ '' '''''''' ^^^ " ^^'> 
CANARD : Une Lettre de Muhammad Ibn Tugj Al Ikshid,, pp. 2-3. _ (,,^ 

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^ jlS" jS)i\ iLJI _^ j^pj ♦ ^^"■''^U t fl. .„V3 <lj:Jll o^kijlj i iLJI 

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. XiS i/» < t »J> < ^U-Jl jj-flll • jiyuJk\ _ (too) 
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^y ^jiSt j-::«r ^/ll o^\ <-.j-u ^L-1 ^jJ (_j)JaJI ij-VI jjJ ji:^ 

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♦ (^"^^^ Oji dli Joo Jy ^JOI J-ibl ol::S' .^U ^jl\3 * ^J\ jjjl* 
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aJI a_^ t^JJI ^jUll ^Ul JLXJI ^1 (i 4i^r^Lb j^l ^3 

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rn w» * V » j> ' Y^'*'^' "**^ • >^' "***'' ~ ^^^'^ 
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. ,ro< u»i r^n o» < jJ** 

. n{ - nr u^j ta^ u* 

< » ja» jJiuuu y»JUlV 5*aai at** - Ven u^ < V »J> <* A'— '' J"*^' • "S*^ «' - <f^"^* 



.t_ji VI i eJt:* iJ L^ Vi ^^j\ ^1 Sijj <• 'oje^ ^'j- <*-^j <- "^^ 

♦ ( 4) L. j j JJ 

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JLjsJlI lij6 J <^ ly (_j-!j ^ jlTj ♦ iLaiJI 4a-J.I AAlCi)' ._jlj _ \ 

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(. -Ua-U-JI otS'j i iu^j "*)JS t-iliS" JliC^i i "U^j^l ^.-JiiCll j3^! Lt 
<^^l 4i.^l jj^^Jl *UJ l^lrtl i iiUI oljU^I jl'T JULI IJia J 



. i.£ - 1.* yo < tUSsJi ^.jU : ^^^liai Oil - tf^n 

tV^ yo <■ JjL-JI >u«11 * ykiill ,^1 _ (v.V) 

11. ytf < tiiij»Ji gijL- ^ i5u-ii) iftj! : it^ a^y. _ (Y'.o 
L. Bernard : The Arab in History., p. 137 



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4 kii\j uJaJlj Oj«l^l (/Jl i Sj:^! L-jA^ j^'ljil aA* ^\j J^3 i ^^ 

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♦ <''^^) dUi J jlj^i ^^,;^^ jUjl ^jl-U Jj^ « t 

jkd1j.^Lijl ^i ^1 ti j«i^' -^j i J^J^b J^j^h ^.-=^'j 0^^ 
JUil uJii t£JJI «y.l jl^l ^ j^.b ♦ ^^^^^ U-i"l> ^^j ^i^i-^l v^ (y ' j^ 



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: <-. fall. 

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TTV u<» « vJjUJI £>jll : jij^ ^jJl JU> ji^aui _ (fit) 
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♦ (*r^\c>) 

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♦ *-'^^^'' t5>^ o-^."^ ^yj- 

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w _ ^vv u« < JjUJIi jjuaiv : j>x> ojI - (tiy) 

Uo v;^ < JjL-4V jj-*ll : ^,aJ1 ,:;j1 . (VIM 
VA u* < 1 »J» < Ost^'j 6>-Jl : Ji>bJ1 - (rr.> 

un y» <' iiUJi e>jii : jaj> c^^i - (rvi) 



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C<)Ljl jtl^iLfwsJI I 

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TAA u»J WA u<» < fM-.5H ^J oUliwjU-Jl ^>- : ^...^ j^f, „ (y^j) 

1AA u* < r .j> < jiUJi 5*^1 : ^lojj , (Y-H) 

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♦ ('"^•> Ijaill y.l_^L (^:)l-V! ^:^.JJI ^bC^t ^, J^L-j! -. ^ 

4 Vl^j=»-J ^.jLo-^JI f'j?-*^' tJ* .liJir^- Cols' 5_^l AjTjill OljVl jl — X 



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1 U y» < y*J*Jl UjJl (iljj : ^Ujt « (ttf) 

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u ^^ .0 ^laijj ajaiii j-»»jti : ui^j.* ^,>i; - (rtv) 

HV u» < Vj*" ^ e"**^" Vj*"' u**-^ ' ''^^•*ij"-5 - ('c*^) 

vJ,j4» ^J^l r-^^'l 5i' v>-«»» Cri w** WJ^ 'r»i-' w"^' -H J*-. <i^ <^""' •*-'i' J* - <^"> 



♦ OL—ilj jJ' rt — ■^ — 

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♦ dlUilj 

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n. «« 

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► ("■*) ( ♦♦♦♦ UjJIj^oJI 6\joJ\ 

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o^U^_ /»b jt -Uj i jl-UJI ijhS' L' i!/ Oii li ( A YAV O ) ti! jA«Jl Ut 

<i — lU-jil »VJa j_j-1j ^j ♦ i_)jJ^I 3!)l)J __r-2-«J -U^lj jljjjj "^rt^^J^ ti -iiijia 

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. (j-^MiJj (jjjJ^ 2r*^' ^'^ ~ ^ 
Encyclopedia of Islam _ ] \ 



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<UU>'^1i ^\Ji\ .. J 



1 — L BERNARD : The Arab in History. 

2 — CANARD : Histoire de la Daynastie des Hamdanides de Jazira et de 

Syrie; A leger 1951. 

3 — : Le expedetions des Arabes Centre Constantinople dans 

L'Histoire et dans la legende 1926. 

4 — : Sayf AI Dawla. Recueil de textes relatifs a L,emir Sayf Al 

Dawla le Hamdanide-- A leger 1934. 

5 — : Line Lettre de Muhammad Ibn Tugj Al Ikshid^ A leger 1936. 

6 — CLAUDE CAHEN : Les Syrie du nord; a L,epoque de Croisades et la 

principaute Franque D,Antioche; Paris 1940. 

7 — Cambridge Mediaeval History-> Vol. IV. 

8 — JUWAYNI :TA'RIKH-1,-JAHN-GUSHAY.,. Being a facsimile of a 

Manuscript dated A.H. 690 with an introduction by Sir Denison Ross; 
Vol. Ill; London 1931. 

9 — LE STRANGE : Palestine Under The Moslems^ London, 1890. 

10 — : Baghdad during the Abbassid Caliphate., London 1924. 

11 — LANE POOL ; Catalogue of the Collection of Arabic Coins preserved in 
: the Khedivial Library at Cairo; London 1897. 

12 — : The. History of Egypt in the Middle Ages; London, 19^1. 

13-^ : The Mohammadan Dynasties. 

14 — MARMARDJi : Textes Geographique sur Palestine; Paris 1951. 

15 — MUIR:The Caliphate; Its Rise Decline and Fall; Beirut 1963. 

16, — SAUVAGET : Les Pedes Choisies D,Ebn Achihna; Tome I; Beyrouth, 
1933. 

17— SCANLON (G) : Leadership in Qarmatian sect (in Bulletin De L,institut 
Frangais D,Archeologie Orientale; Tome LIX; 1960). 

18 — WIET: L,Egypte Arabe; Paris. 

19 — ZAKY HASSAN : Les Tulunides. Etude de L,Egypte Musulmane a la fin 
du IX'' Si6cle; Paris 1933. 



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