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Arkell, A.J, : A History of the Sudan up to A.D, 1821. Londouj 1955.
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Jackson, H.C. : Tooth of Fire, being some account of the Ancient Kingdom
of Sennar. Oxford, 1921.
Leo Africanus : A History and Description of Africa, done into EngUsh by
John Pary, 1600, ed. Browne, Hakluyt Society 1896, Vol. Ill, London.
MacMichael, H.A. : A History of the Arabs in the Sudan, 2 vols., Cambridge,
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— "The Coming of the Arabs in the Sudan". Anglo Egyptian Sudan
from within, London, i935-
Meek, CK. : Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria, London, 193^.
— Sudanese Kingdom, London.
Palmer, R. : The Bornu Sahara and Sudan, London, 1936-
Roland Oliver, ed., : The Dawn of African History, London, 1961.
Seligman and Brenda, Z. : Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan, London, I93*
Shukri, M.F. : Khedive Ismail and Slavery in the Sudan, Cairo, 1937-
Sladn, R. : Fire and Sword in the Sudan, London, 1896.
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— Voyage au Ouaday. Transl. Perron et Jomard, Paris, 1851.
Villard, Ugo Monneret De : Storia Delia Nubia Cristiana, Roma, 1938.
Encyclopaedia of Islam.
*
¥ *
PERIODICALS
Arkell, A.J. : "The Coinage of Ali Dinar, S.N.RW., XXIII, (1940). part i,
pp. 150-160.
— Darfur Antiquities I, Ain Farah, S.N.R., part 2, (1936). PP- 301-312.
II, XX, part I, (i93<5), pp. 91-106.
— The Steel and Tinder in Darfur, S.N.R., XIX,(i936), part2, pp. 320-321.
— Rock Pictures in Northern Darfur, S.N.R., XX, (1937)) part 2, pp. 281-288.
— The Tigda or Reaping Knife in Darfur S.N.R., XX, part 2, (1937),
pp. 306-307.
— Beads made in Darfur and Wadai, S.N.R., XXII, (1945), part 2, 305-310.
— Darfur Antiquities, S.N.R., XXIII, (1940), pp. 185-202.
— Darfur Pottery, S.N.R., XXII, (i939)j part i, pp. 79-88.
— Throwing Sticks and Throwing Knives in Darfur, S.N.R., XXII, (1939),
part 2, pp. 251-268.
— More about Fung Origins, S.N.R., XXVII, (1946), pp. 87-97.
— The History of Darfur, 1200-1700A.D., S.N.R., XXXII, (i95i)» part 1,
pp. 37-70.
S.N.R., XXXII, (1951), part 2, pp. 207-238.
S.N.R., XXXIII, part i, (1952)3 pp. 129-155.
Auriant, A. : Histoire d' Ahmed Aga le Zantiote Un projet de conquete du
Darfur (1796-1799), Revue de I'histoire des colonies franfaises, 14,(1926),
pp. 181-234.
Baustead Bey,J.E.H, : The Youth and last days of Ali Dinar, S.N.R., XXII,
(1939)5 part I, pp. 149-154.
(i) S.N.R. = Sudan Notes and Records.
Beaton, A.C. : The Fur, S.N.R., XXIX, (1948), part i, pp. 1-39.
— Fur Dance Songs, S.N.R., XXIII, (1940), part 2, pp. 305-330.
Cooke, R.C. and Beaton, A.C. Bari and Fur Rain Cults and ceremonies,
S.N.R., XXII, 1939, part 2, pp. 181-204,
Gillan, J.A. : Darfur 1916, S.N.R., XXII, (i939)> part i, pp. 1-26.
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Lampen, E. : A Short account of Meidob,, S.N.R., VI, (1928), pp. 55-68.
Lampen, G.D. : The Baggara Tribes of Darfur, S.N.R., XVI, (1933),
Part 2, pp. 97-118.
— History of Darfur, S.N.R., XXXI, (1950) part 2, pp. 177-209.
Lynes, H. : Notes on the Natural History of Jebel Marra., S.N.R., IV,
No. 3, (1921)-
Macintosh, E.H. : A Note on the Dagu Tribe., S.N.R., XIV, (1931). part 2,
pp. 171-178.
MacMichael, H.A. : Nubian elements in Darfur, S.N.R., I, (1918), pp. 30-48
— Note on the Burial Place of Fur Sultans of Tura in Jebel Marra., S.N.R.,
IX, (1926), part 2, pp. 75-77.
Michelmore, A.P.G. : A Possible Relic of Christianity in Darfur., S.N.R.,
XV, (1932). part 2, pp. 272-273.
Palmer, H.R. : A Bornu Mahram and the Pre-Tunjur Rulers of Wadai,
S.N.R., V, No. 3-4, (1922), pp. 197-199.
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Walker,!.: The Coinage of Ali Dinar, S.N.R., XIX, (i937)» part i.
pp. 147-150.
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(Beiris) tr^.^l '-*'' O-?"^. P- 186.
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olU^ J-5 iy /U- |»^„ 0-=- « Sweini " 'i-^. o* Vj^k = -^^^ J^. ( f )
j! JiljJiJb c>^LUl j^jb jU^"j uJU-Vl ^^-^ > f.^:>^. il^-J J^J'^
Browne, W.G. op. cit. pp. 189-190 ' |»*"LJu
fri^^ii • ol3.i/ ^ "Kamgar" J^-»^5' ^1 :^" i^^ fr4^J * JJ^^J'^ V>
MacMichael, H, A. op. cit. p. 54-
• (*) .f , , . CO* ^^11 . (r) , ,,
iJI^ll '^^■^ A.4
^yft'j ' < JsijC cu*^ L^iSCJj ' v>^' J' JU^l ^ t>L* Jl_j>. L4J_yt
* V.^ dr" V^ ^ J*^ W''^;»- i^ -w:«J' o-AJ.'Ji oiUj ol^l ^^t-*^ lt" '*-!»^^^
Browne, W. G. op. cit. pp. 234-5. 'J^>^l J\ yJU-Vl ;>» V.J^ u^^^ Ji"J
<=-! uJ,l <>J ,^2^ jj^ j^\Jii] <laj_^ ^b : V.jT (Jilj _^j l-^*-^l
i^^LSLTj • _^UJ1 ^_y: iL« 'W Ojo Jc olJ^)L) <UT </»U <b j^ : ^oLSCJ" ( y )
• i^LSVl *i^ oUcXii ^k^j <^__^| Jjyvi Jl <^..53ll ij>]L] l^^^j^^iriiili
Jc jl cf j^blj jlkl ^ Jf Lampen _>^JJ J Ibid. op. cit. pp. 237-8
S.N.R. XXXII, Part L P. 185.
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Voyage au Darfourj p. 39. * '^^^
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^"^^'^iTdAiij^ bCi . j^U_)l j1; , jVlldiJi "^.^^Iw Jj^^lJ (^^
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p- s- ^ fr "^
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AcUxj_ oi ^jjWoj ii^' fp'*<^c (i oju*^ ^j.us' i5Jjb s^ijjjjl jj-! i*^
Voyage au Dar&ur. pp. 44, 62, 65= 7S * ^^-^' V*^' c.'.-^s^ j^ -U;^ f w.1 ju"
^ jJajJl - dUi 0* ^^* ^ " Jj^. 6; ^^ '^'^' '-'^-^ * ^°' ^37, 173.
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^iui ♦ 4jJaJu«il ^UJ Jt u^»'^'l O^ "^^ (^' . S .N.R.. XXXIII. I, pp. 134-135-
< ^Cj f-Ui <j <usl <i?-j jfej . jlLL,!! [ i? ] ^ '*S <:P Jo jl*; V jlS^s- j,yjlj
/ t \ ^ "i, ^ 'i' f-
Voyage au Darfour, p. 44, ' "St-^'^l ^-»^_r^^ U* qy'^^^l u;^. ^^ k-i;-^! ( \ )
\4ilsi_^ ijjs Oj>-ljs> »4iA oUl**. ij-ajo Oju Ijlj * "^ojiJl cUJiib jp«>JUj
*4i^Lc jli < j_}ij\i Jl ''^iJ■J^ <ioj! (j L*ju jJt i_jj£j ^._H^ JU-Ji < <Jl;^V1
MacMichaelj H.A. : op. cit. p.83 . * <Jii^ji\ i_ij* ^ ojjUcl i_$aJl
♦ "V. = J^^l i^ ( r )
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^U (^ ^ ) J CjU *bj> UU ^j t "iJ^^J^y I* V^J-jJb Js^^a- ^t-:^c> b^^ W'^y
S.N.R. XXXIII, Part I, p. 138- • <JL>«J^
. ^-lU^l : J-^Vl ^ (y)
i ^ _yix^_ 0^ 1^1 > '^i' •^. i3^. r-""^^ J*-^ 1*^' ' -^^"^^ r^^- '^■^
Barth, H, : Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africaj Vol. Ill,
pp. 553-53.
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4jT < UiJl iijj-^ « ISLfcj L^lTj my! i-acIjTj » : J\jo' <Jjj dUij -LuaJij (y. ■)
Voyage au Darfour p. 48
JJ.\ JJ^l j ti^l <.k>t dili Ji u^ < 4;"ljj Ji ^J_y3-J\ 1^ 'jlkl^ll 'p:^J.I
; jSL^\ j^l) \<r^j U*M
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^i /h ol53.\ li^J j_^_ |»Jj • ^oliCX j!j?o <Ul S.N.R. XXXI Part. II p. 186
^ l^.J*^^ i_ijJI>Jl |_ji >J_J>- <flliio ^ CS^jill UilT ijUia- <jJjjjL) A J <iaJl ( Y )
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Jc 0>S%_ jyJl ot MacMichael. H.A. op. cit. p. 104 ^jij ' ^Vl .^TU-
lA
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Mac Michaelj H.A. op. clt. p. 104
Voyage au Darfour. p. 51 UJf.^*^'
• ^ Ji^ : J^VI J (r)
Voyage au Darfour p. 51
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Nachtigal : op. cit. p. 427? S.N.R, XJiXII, Part IjP 44.
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Lampeiij G,D, op. cit. pp. 185,
V\
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Voyage ai} Darfgur pp. 54,55 * v^^-? J->*'' ' ^
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: lS' ' <y a**J, V^ -Ul Lampen, G.D. op. cit .pp. 185-186^^ ix^lj ^.^biOl
^UJl ._p , o^b ^\^ SjiiVI ^'Ubj o!^lj . j\j>.'^\ Cij^ j^\
Lampen, G.D. : op. cit. p. 186 «^, uJ^iLJl ^Mo- ^ ^oj .0;^ Jc
♦ J--.^«xJb ^^^1 ^j ^)^" : jj^'iU^, ^^j;^ j--^ j'^ (j ^ ^
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Barth H. : Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, III, pp. 528-530.
Cfj Palmerj R. : The Bornu Sahara and Sudanj p. 103.
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Mac Michael, H.A. ; A. History of the Arabs in the Sudan, Vol, I, pp. 77-79
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Voyage au Darfourj pp. 62. 63, 64, 174.
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. ljj4A=^j "■Lie- Ajifr Uj-^i J • (j^IaUl S'U^I J i!jili) A>-_^__ ^^5 4 <Ja«JI
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: Jjb, < 6^^ W^> ^"L^' J S>^b ' JjVl <a53^ J qH^. ' ^-^ (vjO
Voyage au Darfour, p. 66 ' '<^jii^ <*^^1 .j^ ''^kj^^ "^ ( V )
. V"\ tj^ N V^l^ >■! ( i )
( qwJl r^xh : J-<^Vl t^ ( » )
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\J- ",^\ j^ s^U^l oi.^ 0* L^'j ' Jj^> b_;*U= _ jyi\j ^J^\
(.G V_^ Jc ^ U" • JxJLJ.1 olfiU*. (jJiA^.j y^^Jlj t^'^b ojl^3^b
Ji* ^ i/^l UjU»! 6j5G oi J*^„ t^y^l (>>l_^VT j^' '^j^ uiUi:o^L.
MacMichael, H.A. op. cit. p. 92, Lampen, S.N.R. XXXIj II, pp. 183-185.
Arkell, S.N.R. XXXIII, II, pp. 266-268.
• (^ \\a ^ \\i ^ys t ^ ^ < o\:>j^\ jtj jLr ) : >Ui ^^jm
C.F. Nachtigal, op. cit. pp. 356-360
Slatin, Fire and Sward in the Sudan, p. 38
(j-"j A^J* (J— — ^ <iiJaia L»^u*joVj — ijL^^jJ Ja-oujj i_)jj^_ bjj JLs- CaJU / 1 \
^ j)-U( yJL>- U <_)ljw qIJh) J1 t_j!:> '^•^f ' P J'^r^^ •^^, i-Jj^J' — '-aSj''''
6_j)_jii^l jJ-J_jil dilJjl 0_^J * 'Lol^lJ' 4 iJ_JL« jl_j>^. |»4i5C«! t3s^j^'
MacMichael, H.A. op. cit. p. 90 <j_a.;v^l a-^1) i.ijbl
Ai
JjJa Jc ajjul) <2kiil j^CuJj < (_;..«^1 V.>^^ oUj^l i^a»-l : iliUaJl ( Y )
4 iJJl i_JU- J,\ _ SiiU Jl f4^.j * <Ja[3 ji\j ij-Ui ^-aJl) qoU J-^1
J iJwUjJl <U___Mij_j • JU-jJl ^ j>^l "^H^ <U-Ji.)' <^_ji "U"-^ — 'S;'>^l
^1 'Sl^.j*'' cLo-dl ojlT i_.tj — uoj « 4j_^_a^)l VJ*^' i**'-^ ij*t^^ fr^j^i^
' ( *f * ^ u^ JU^l ijbj^l ) : -U>»A L^jc -u>to ♦ jH^jjC ^y (ij»j'
J_zjj ' J\JI o:^^ '^j^^ <l«_j*c fUjJ : <Jij LiJlj *^l-i J-^Vl ^ I-aT ( V )
fr-i^ i5j5Ca < jojt Jo- CotJ ^jiM Uwj <LJij_LjLJ| o\S'j ♦ ojJsUil Jl J-*11j
1^. ii>-'"^' t-^j-^' <_^^_^ b>«^l c^ * (5j^ <^.-^ t^ yiUl jujJJ <J>^ju«iU-
Ij^ lj*£j! ^ ijjJl j^l) ^ S^.*-^^ -^^' -T^ i>^^ 'J-^*^' 'J^ cr^J
MacMicliaelj H.A. op. cit. pp. 213-220.
''ij'^j ( ^^1 ) Oj^,>Jlj "^sJl W^-*, (Ir* ^.-^ ■T-^'^ <IaJLi>ta ^4*" ilr°
-U^ — usJl olj oj — ^Jl ij.i«i A.«^>i! (jA jJ^_ IS y V* |«-«i*--*> jjl^s^'V
MacMichaelj H.A. op.cit. pp. 307-315 * <^L>J1
( Ti^ — Yl' ^jj3 ( ^frj^^ o"^ ) • -Ujwa u^j^ J-iJ&o
Mac Michael H.A., op. cit. pp. 390-92
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: I'jf' A;S^ Jlii . d«i Jft a*U . 14=^ ^^-^J "J-t-? ^J^i -^^ ^^'^■
Voyage, p. 79 (Diouta) ^bdk ^ = V^'^^^ ^-^^^ J^ ' ^^^- '^ ^ O
jl A) J I ^p^ (■ ij'^J -^i ^:^* JjtJls_7 jl j!f-jlj i \Sjj»A C_«^ iJ:^.!^
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>/ J ilr'^l Oi-^^ »>- 6i t ^ J^"j ' [> ] Di-^/> 0:1 [ J^'> ] J^ Ji
(V)^
Voyage, p. 82 * <^yi\ i<s»-__;JiJl ^ '"■^'j.jJl ( ^ )
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\iij> "cSSZ (j»»1 e J^^j . ,-^1 ^yb uyM' ^[ ^^-^^^^ 1 J-^^^ ^^-^ ^^J
"i " • , Si
Voyage au Darfour, p. 83 ' V-^'j^^ '^-^j^^ i> '^■^^.J^^^ ( ^ )
Voyage au Darfour, p. 84. *^J-^^ J^■J J^-^J 'UJ^l = ^ uf.j^.-^k J>«aiill ( Y )
• VV ^ ^ 0^1 iiVj ^Uii^b (r )
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U& I j;. jli i oVjl ;:Xli ^l^j jlklJI U^ru'l : "a^JI jjlsj
Voyage au Darfour, p. 85
. X^\ 3oV^ ^Uii <> ^^. Uj-^ ^/yJl <iJ>Jl ll*. Jc J4S • J>^
AaX ill (JA
*<X^ < ijl ^^^ W (J»U jC-; i — *-| jUaLll jl Ja^ U ^'/ i -^
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/" J. dJU* iJjlil S'i/jl u^f . jyj\^ j iJill ':>Vjl 4l v,l U Jl U^ J.J (^r)
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< ^_^1 Jj^ ^^^ /.Ic J cXj . ^J^\ "Cms- If* lfi7 U-U jb <i^ _^ ^^^^ AjlJ
"jiuui Jj i (.uyi >^j »ii:)i .u Uj i 'ui.Vj C^ Li/'^s ^ij j^ji Ai>
, dLlc- ^p-j L ool Oii^ < C\aa c^AXSi As-Ui Ul C::^,i ) ? <i^ ^"1 j*. U
dli ^„^_ dts^P : JlS ? ^V" c/l ^^i : JJI 4l JUi •! UlkL,2^_l A^l
4 S^,U C^. .Vjj - iJj5> J.^ J^„ o^ — JrJ^ ^^ ^J ^ *^\'
i j;i c_.U?l i/a1 i A Jit ;^-i (j^j i '^^^o^\^\ vj-Ji 31^» J^^*^ '^-V=^ "^y-^J
. <-i*='ji "^ ^ J^^j i^jJ'j <j^_j^'^^ ^j-* ^(~^ (3**^
J^Vl f,^^ b.r^* Xo : ^V J> J*^j ^ i : rt ^j^ ■^^^ >ut jjijii
. Jjii\ ^jJaiL^ . Ut.,.o V^-j-^ ^.^°^ "J^ (^
Mac Michael. H.A., op. cit. p. 64.
X.U jb a^>«j ' ojljfi J^ C-0..-JUJ ^1 a^L>. jb <LuJ ^ <^ : oJUil ( ^ )
Mac Michael, H.A., op. cit. p. 256 * d^^J^ -i=^J ij^
Nachtigalj G., op. cit. p. 362
Djiddau : <^J^^ ^^^^ ^j^J J-^V'j liT ( t )
f, . ^ iff l» /\'^ i,-^ tf
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Nachtigalj G. op. cit. p. 418 * liJ^^* J^-^
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Mac Michael, H.A, op. cit, pp. 80-81 ' -"I
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MacMichael, H.A., op. cit. pp. 284-87
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Vayage p. 92 * -^^ ^LJl jkiJl _j*j
Nachtigal, f^ S>'vr 03y^„d J^^ X^"^ J o^^UJl J^t ^ ojl^.
(( \3b » JiA! 0I (|;^1 <>»J C-^' ^ h^i-' ^'^ Sahara und Sudan p. 431
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Voyage, p. loC^^-^jiJl <L.>-_;;dl ^ *'^^J>^I ( Y )
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Voyage au Ouaday, p. 15. y^J • LuiTj
j»JUd! \^jA j:iSi^' cj-j^j' « o-*9-^l ^ -JaJ U*j..i^ Jc ash^Ijsj , o^j^\
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Incy. Isl. Art. Mali; « VAV ^^.^ ' ^ , i^^Vl j^-f^ » ■' 1^0,^^*11! 1
Roland OUverj ed. : The Dawn of African History, p. 40
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Voyage au Ouaday, pp. 13-14. * "iUiT oli»^ v*' W»^^ J**^,J ts^J^.J
^ro.
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["MacMichael, H.A. op. cit. p. 84
jjju J-^j Sj-tja LJb iZo\S'j I iS\:>\j Jj>A>- Jc j*J jb ujji <«U' jb ^' ( t )
MacMichael H.A., : op. cit. p. 85 <^UJ1 ^^^ '^^' <cLjJj <«Ai3t/>
)jJLr o^'jiJl jl MacMichael, H.A. : op. cit. p. 90. •" ,_jij ♦ >^''V f^'
A^Jalj^ ^ '-r'j'*'^ JJ^^^1 frJ' jP-Wl (f-f^-Ub Olh^^' *J^ J-r^ O^--'
Lampen, G.D. : op. cit. p. 183.
t ^*^C,.j ^'^/-lilj %->i "^-i^j i ^°J^\ "^^ j}j\^ M^ Ji
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MacMichael, H.A. : op. cit. p. 83 J^jb Ja.^ jj Jj^ (j^^ fH'ii-^J
• jjijb |»^l tU ilJUJl j„.*^Vl l-Jj*' (>j • jjaJI (»j' jj>^) ,»Aib'j -tJW!
(MacMichaelj H,A. : op. cit. pp. 66-71) ^Ji^ ' Jj>^^ J--=? ^ '■h^'^ oiixil j
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^ *}ji ljjj.v*>ilj j_5»»jjdl jH-"b ^[jj^ \jj^:uii\j c ^i^«>-^ j-^ j_^jLJlj jJ^
Arkell, A.J. : The Hist, of Darfur. S.N.R. XXXII, Part II, pp. 207-218. J^ I
Barth) H. : Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, III, p. 430.
Lampen, G.D. : Hist, of Darfur. S.N.R. XXXI, Part I, p. 183.
O^ ^ |JiM o''<iU-jJl IJjt. Ji>.Vj • juSi^' 4JL;a* ^_ji; |^ JjiJ'V ^1
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111 J^ jj
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MacMichael, H.A. : op.cit. p. 82. * « ^^^ '^^ f>^-3 o^^j^Jb O^j^l "^
Mac MiclueL H,A. ; op. cit.j. pp 71 -76 <JUeil
Seligman, C.G. : Pagan Tribes of the Nilotic Sudan, pp. 455-457- MacMichad,
H.A. : op.cit.j pp. 71-76.J
jl ^fij>^bi\ ^ j=-1jJ1 O^ Arkell J5',jtj Palmer y>^^ ^y JS" J'Sij
ob Oi-^ ir>.h -4*^ oib ^.y-^.J'i'^l ^ W> J fi^jTi .ijj o^.iJl j>-l:Jl
iijJl ii%_j *il531 tjju oo'lT *4iL1_j.o
Palmer, R. : Bornu Sahara and Sudan, p. 212
Arkell, A.J. : Hist, of Darfur. S.N.R., XXXII, Part I, pp. 62-70.
Balfour-Paul : Hist, and Antiq. of Darfur, pp. 9-10.
^jt J:>^ t:>u j^jb uj>>- j5^" ^1' <^j^'^ J^V i5-^l '■ ^J^>^^ ( Y )
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 44- '*^'*** i^-^^
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MacMichael, H.A. : op.cit. p. 293- * /-^r^'j^ f^ J*
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* ( YX • t_f<= < ^^U-JXSl olj>»-4Jl ) : »U>ba ^_fi'_J£ -Ustfl
Cf. MacMichaelj H.A. : op.cit. pp. 255-270.
1^-11 •, i K^ I * • <^^5 " *-tl -. "W W i"' 0)., •'
(jLs^^ Ja vuj j_^ A-J-'-i'J'^. j^^'lj ' O.-'Jm JLj^^ <*--^ JXs <;^_j-a J^-JJ
MacMicha-1, H.A. : op. cit. p. 249. * oLsijS' ■SJ-^ -^^
ojiM 'J ^^/> -4*-^ i;;SLj' cJlT j_jxJi 'ij\j!> <i^ ^ ^.jj' j^Ij'Hoj^jVm
MacMioliael, H.A. : op. cit. p. 264. t5^^^ r^ ^jM^\>>!i\
(Voyage au Darfour) '<^ J^\ <<>.^^b iJUdll Jjijl.5 "*^..J>- ^ ^•^ ^
<I \ajj^ is < buoJlj eU wiJl .sMj (^ ix^U- iiiiaJ:^ (»>-j^' U^ J*r ^1
CO ' -< , -. ' ,,<^ 1 -'-(-"ill -f 1 • I 1 i^ .: fj
;H-^ ^i Ji*-^^ cr*-? • ^Jl J^ ^'^ -^^^ 'iJ^Ji Ji^* til '^'■'J ' O^^t Jlf'^^T til
• iu^U. a I jj^ ^ l^_ t_flj__^l ij-r^ ( 1 )
Mac Michaelj H. A ; op cit p. 90
'C^Lwi : J-^Vl (^ ( V )
• J-»V1 ^ liT ( ^ )
• boii- : J^VV (W)
UN
)y\5'j < oUJ> JjV i^'^^ r*-5 ' V'^S^k jbj^^ ^^ 6^^. : V^^^ ( ^ )
MacMichael, H.A. : op.cit. pp. 278-279.
J.JJj.b. (viceroy) oU.^ -'b" l^ J^ J' '^^•^^ C^^ ^' ^>^'
oxj'j • » U.ibl jb » ^b o^ ^iJb J^jli o^ ^.J^^ ^.>^' r*^^
j^-j . ^^-1 ^..^ f^b aJoT .UTL:- ^^ Ur , Dimanga • l^'^^
IjbUxJl ^ib (4i*. _ Jb:=^b J»J1> ^ ^U U^.-- - L^lj^ W^^.^ J^^
Cf. Voyage au Darfour, pp. 131-132, i37-I38j i72-i73'
Mac Michael, H.A. : op.cit. pp. 95-96- 5 Balfour-Paul : op. cit. j,. 19.
NachtigaU G. : Sahara uad Sudan, III, pp. 4i8-4i9i Lampen,>.D. : op.cit.
S.N.R., Part II, p. 201.
Ml
. ^'^Ar:,j!£'" jb ^^^c^ loll [ jb] J . i^^-. "^i ^d-h^i SCl
. jlLsLi! y.-.l^S/l 7-Ui-l : ali»^C ^..ali ^\ UsH jft (^Jll C (^jlll\_x)l 4!^^ J
. ijJC^SW jU. ijlc-jll jb Jc- U)t dM4!j £ (J^l <^JL
♦ y> J^Vl cr* ( r )
MacMichael, H.A. : op. cit. pp. 94.
♦ ai- : J^Vl ^ ( ^ )
• tijJ.iUx* j-^Vi' ly ( V )
^5^ Jtr J ^/^ ^^^ ' ,^^*^' '^-^ ti^ \^" "^*^' ^-^'^'^ "^^ ?^ (
-■ f. i
' Ji:;^)b jj'^l \SLi Jif^^'Ar v>r u-'^«V'^ ^-J • ^-^^^ "^^" '^^-^"^
ul J ' 4i^' Ji J; ' 4'^i J:;*" o-^j ^-^r <Jl ^-^^i • o^^^' o^ ^j
: Uj^I c jriJ Af^^* j_^i!l '^Ulj i jji)l (.l^t Vi <iC) H fy -^ d\ f
jf,j i ^j^\ fj: JJ.\ jii^li JJr'\ M J[ dj} O' cf-" ^-5 ' '^-h^
,^'^'c., <r\S'.o'/^\ jyll -uO i U :.\,\ j\, A- Jl JA «A^ i }'%^ ly
. jU*<»j jU JW «Ac-y> J) 4 «*.)& ^Ap-Ij ^*!>- (_^! aj^ Jt?" O ' i^^J
lit i^ «
o-U_* i]^ Cj\ . .. . A i IjJ"^ ^-^J* »^r^l O^J 3jI>cjX]1 1_3_^L^ j^-jJ^J ' J^?A*1>^
j_p»--jjj' j^l pJ_jL^ (^l«-;L«j \.^A^s^J t>^\,JL) ij^'i] tJjD CtCilkl-^l *j,» Jt>L-all
Mac Michael, H.A. : op.cit. pp. 91-95.
<.^y- (^blj (y. (_^_3^1 j«JS'5!l ijj,«jj.;^blj j! jv^^ jb ^ M^ jb ( 1 )
Voyage au Ouaday, pp. 25-26. <«aiLa jjLs • Jaiii jt-JL^ jIoj
* , t ,
<iu^^l • lift JjJaJb ^J^ ( 1 )
Ml
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Q. \^ u sXJ i i'jii^iij Jill i^i; j\^in "^«=- ^^ 5:>t)i "j^l jl >i j/
. A*i^ IAa qa jl>u^*J 4 (jl-lj^ (.LJJIj JW-JI Jiif 4 kiU jb (J
<^{a-J\ U! < Lij,iJ jUaJ Jij A->-a!^ 'i^^ u^J (>» ' os^bjJl : <^U._jJl ( r )
• jt-jJiJl t^-'^**^, ^^ -Uails
. LiL-.s- : J-i; i J^VI j liy ( r )
j^j-! f^^ J' — -^ -^-'^; ;. o>^o:i=>- Ulo iU ^ Jyj Jil Ji
Barth, H. : Travels. Ill, pp. 530-531.
^i^ j^^ dii^ ^_^! « "kCL^ic Ul «Ai c^' U^ >l.r o^ i ^'^^iSjK^-%
. jb : J^Vl ^ ( \ )
^IkSl ^\>- LjJL* iW |,^SCj*j^ obVj ^,J^ J) |»-"^' Jjijl^ 5jJaL^ j! kjjj*ll (Vjy)
1^ Ji" i_«iiJlJ'j • ijlWl ]\ ijjs JUiiiZJJ "LiljjJU «l.. ^ ;a b ( ijLki.Mi' (_»jL) )
((^5jU:;51:;JI))j i jjij-i i-Jji V.?-^ ((Uj:A.i1))_yi> (. ^\^ v^ ^'l^^l diiJjl
*ja J^ o '^ ijUa^^l v^-J^" V^' '-'^ (Balfour Paul : opicit, p. 19)
,j^ Jli ^^ i_jV1 Lot • UtU«j^ j! l>JlaJu Jl ((Ujb!»' j < l>J_jJ jT J,l
L)t ju-p-ljll jS'J Tj . (Nachtigal : op.cit. p.418) ^jfoi" <JV liU-J 5"
Ui" ' pUai^l V O^^^^ ti^^. f-J-^ \A'iyJ_ «La_5JJM Ujy^ OLflj-UU
ly Ju-a^ A-^ i-jVI Lj:Vi s--iJ L^-JJl £_'j^' 't*** C:^^ V'^'' V-"*^ cj*''
JLjsjOiiil i-. . ... fl . i ,. «i tl»JU V t dual organization rj^iji' f^UiJLj '-Jj.«J 'Lo jAj
dUiT ^jJl Jiy.i^ Uljj tr*^' •^'
Arkell : S.N.R., XXXIII, Part I, pp. 132-133) Lampen : op.cit. pp. 201-202.
•jj all J ^ ^c U • ^Jr^ oLSaJi >.J1 JUj wb.^1 o^i=J-^l ->^^^
Beaton, A.C. : S.N.R., XXlX, II, p. 5- J UjJilU _ J-i
\0'
• aTj^UI : J^Vl ^ ( \ )
• U^j : Jjj ' ^l_j^ ^ ojj5u' jSj J--9VI ^^ 1-^ ( Y )
. ( f ' X ) <^i=>- 'UjLJI <sJuai>\ jJaJl ( V )
Cf. MacMichael : op. cit. p.gs. V^' '*"**^' ^^ O^Ja^LuJl Jji _ ^^LxaXw-Vl
«l)t ^jy)) ^^b dJ.air "U-WI uij-«JjATkeU:S. N.R. XXXm, Parti ,p. 142.
tiDi ^^j • * ijilXJlj j5o J.«j.-! ijLkJLJl qj. yi-^' g;_ljj i-u^_ JU«l*;^L(
Arkell : S.N.R. XXXII, 'S;*^^^ <%« oU j\ jlkLJl J;is >1_^ Jxflj_ o^
i jjijb Oj^c J <jiJpU» (jJx. (yilkil (i,rU». 4_uK !!j II, pp. 337-38.
Arkell : S.N.R., XXXIII, I, P. 142, ( ol^Vl ) |>jLll ^/j i_^"jV (j.c J_ji^!
J^U o'lJal+Jl <1!j11L. Ojjj^ ,j^ja..« (»J»j-i._5 (_^jljcjUl oLpt^V O'^'L' c?-iJl i-iJ^jil
jAj I4J ^j-vJjJi jj..«^jj <«_u»LiJi ^^LflJl «UjJjo (,^;U<- 0^ '*-'l a)? • "U Jj Qo
Arkell : op. cit. p. 140 . <JU»J1 iil.>A'a'.H j J .uaa.i| i^Ji\
^5^ (*yi Ol^j ^J-'JJJJ'! «r>Ai J*>=J. .-ilij.* li^-r^ J^ OLT 4j! Ja>.i\j.j
Cf. MacMichael : op.cit. p. 94. • ^Ia!| J-**; 1— Jl*)l
. C:.il di^ l>>j\ Jc ^<U ^Ji Ji\j
*JJ l^j J^L J*, i vj4-^ cJl Jj-^^^ (JJ o-* t""^* '^'^^ r'^ t)^-'
< ASftl^ i^\; Jft S^^^ ^^ jlkL "J^o^ ' '•'^''jli^il 'u^-i Jl Ulj
j^Nl ] U5Cftj i ^U=*" C5 J^::^^'^! J^V ■^^'^ '^^.3 - L? J^5Cill U ^5*^_ ^
\0. ^yO V«Y <^U- JJ-lj ( \ )
iV ff*^j^^ '^^J J>^J^'i o^^*J-^ ^,?*^ c ' « .'.'<»>■ v i L^)^.Ji. ' <' b «ti*xj' ^c^ L»^
* '' >
• V 3j^, Jti-i Ji^ (-^*- Ji ^u^ (J ^~Sj i i2i!xi j^
♦ o^j! : J^Vl ^ ( T )
. ^: J--V1 J (r)
^ ojj-h •■ J--^Vl ^y ( )
. 2;=.^ SUV ^^^3 ' *^^ J^^- ^^ : J-M ^ ^-^ <^ O
Voyage au Darfour, p. 140. '^^ '^S^^J-^J
. Z^7 UilJ liLi i ^^!L^ l_^*kft Ij
CjSiS^^CkA C^>\} . ^4^\^A C)j'^^_ i tLij VUj JJLI JaI -^ o_^k^ [j]
< dUfr Ui^ < as p.^ U«i^- Oi-j . ^.All ,_^- <;i- 'J>„ ^"^^^ S^L ^kilj
^Vl JiUJIj ^pDI^ J^JI ^. ^^1^1 a'> j ^JJ -i^S [ ^ ] 0;j;j . j^ J
^ruJii ^ oij ♦ il_^l i^^_a-^ : J^_ , i^U <>^ ^j < j^Vl ^ I JT ( \ )
♦ jloJuU : J^Vl cf^ ( Y )
i rtUl ^^3-1 Jij ; <-i;^ji^l j"ljl (J dUi j'^ . jiiJ t'^i ^/^b "-^^j '^'^^j ( ^ ^ * )
' * * — — '
^kS lj^<a.> C '^Ojjli U1.:>-;>_J (J_jji»-l> ( frl)^' C-**.*' 7~U<^)i !T^-^'\_1_5
i al; jU |j.p- Olcl^ tfj^^ j*'^ ^j'iftl^ UiK_i 4 J*i-i bjui^ li»sA*<*i Li J
; ^'^\ '■^'^ 0^5 ' Ji^^ i^iA i^ ^j^:>^* ' 43 Jiu b^^j J < oJi*-^ ^' V ^H^y
• ^b : J-'Vl ^ ( T )
Ji j^ * L/^^ '*'-^^- ^3 ' ^-5 (-^^ ^s-i 'J-?'" u" iP ol J « 'Ji-i.Cjl ^i}> ^A <> \
Oji y^j 4 ji^.U ^.^_ /j.;^ o^\ cX : Jl* o-*-> • >" J*^ 1?> ^^j ' ^lOl
i IjS 'tj>Ji> ^W^ As_j <uj liU-j,j . As-Lll <^j^ *.uj>- ij\ j jji J c <;J4.F jjii^i
J <__cj.^ '<^i o)jU bU ^^^ 'I — aU- J5JU51U j ^'U- Uj IJU, oj^ ( ^ )
Mac Michael, H.A. ; op. cit., p.p.ioo - I03. , Jjjj'-i
^OV
^3a;ii I -i^^^ \^\ yi yl\ oLU j( ui : pt^ j\» j_^ « dui ^:>::^1 li
. oLkUi ji ^*i : \j^ 1 j^^\ y -^A-J ' ^^^ rn^ -^^^ '^^
< :x^^ Jy-!\ 4l j_^iy Olli \Hi o^ 0\ ' J^J Ji^-^ '^U* >^J • *:^^ '^i-J
♦ ^>- : J^Ml i/ ( Y )
j^Li < f-_^ji i«) N^ (jj >*•-). "v { jU^i oupij jU^i ji jf^rijc ^Aj
• ^jj^ ■^«<r-) til '-T'*'^ cf ^'^ ^■*Li^i J ' Jy*~'. ^^--j t,^'"^^ '^■^"j ' ^*^ (^*^i
<_ *j)S^ 1 "J-^J ^ 1? J; « lP ^ j cAidlj AJJvH I" Aft *^iW (j^j
'k^^J\ J\jj < J^ j ^ uM„J <■ '^'j^^^ u^'J* /«^. ' r-^j^l) i^j'^^^j rjj*"^* i^
♦ ^jj : J^Vl ^ji ( Y )
1 iu-iU- n "1 4j^ J Jjj U-i ili* oj^ ( r )
^o^
^j\ (uo) o.^wCj ( (^ji; ^'^i>^^ v-*^" ^^V ljr>^ ^H J^J^ J u'
4 Suij SJ-„J'->> (^^j^^ M JrJ* J ' r**^ "^^ <>*-> • C:^* (>"■*
Ur _^ CV < A < V^ <JiU) j1ju'V\ oA^ jyJl c^ Uj • ^\ ^ I'U- L. la^ ( ^ )
. »tw i ^\aj i I— v~o (Voyage, p. 140). <^yi\ <*^>Jl j^ '^
, J^Vl J lis' ( t )
. ^b^ : J-Vl J (. )
ijl^ 1 ij^»- jV«
C.i5" jl icl I (jJij Ij : J Jljj 4 diss (j;^ ^_^l ^*rlj , 3^ : J^
; ^^U Lj;J i V ^ l?-A!^ "J^* Ji ( U V) J;^A;_j U As^-U 4 J>ll Lj J^ Ijii^i j
MacMichael : op.cit. p. 102.
dj*a) »«— )_ c>s>-j i !>U.» j^^e. Jaaj J . ^ft^ill (J Jyv*Ls r^-U i_jUJii ^Ijl
Ijjii^j ftlWi* ^IJ^ft j^j UAsi-U J ( iwJt«^ /(^ ^J*la) AC- .ill Jail, < tjj.i!l (J *^^i
. ?.U)I, <i"^l ^^ ^L Jp
k (jli^l (_/"*• CjjX — ij . dJ]i j_^X_j; U '4),j>- J5s) <j^JI «i^ At oi^^-li
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^^ tl;\) ^^ <c.J %\j ^ftil : J JUs t AiU L AXjkftlj . JL J ;\*j*i
J*'i O^ (j>*^i ^-^ (J'*J*'J • ---1^3']^ '^^ ^s'- ^^^'^'^ • (J J^J ' '^»A 4.C._^i)lj
. liT ( O
• LjL-iij : J^Vl ^ ( Y )
• ,r^> ■ J--^i .^ ( r )
: ali^j 1 '•'^^^ Vajj^^i i : jjill ^^'^. A>-lj Oj*<4j Of^'^.i ' JiUI jylL)_
. ^AA*.) Aw
Voyage, p. 153 V^'j^^ <*^_^ll o* j^-jS^-^lj ' ''-^j • J-^'^^ , J ( O
.)^ (r)
J*& 4 c^"*^' jyil t_J!>^i^_ liAISj 4 »>«y ' V^.j'- b^j ol J < t^H^'^ l^i-^ij
X,c oMliI -UjJ\ (^^ V'^jir^' O^'^*^" 'M J^ c5-^^ x^^ Jt^' Ji* • ""jy-^^ ( ^ )
' N >*- oli>«Jl vf..S^ ) ■ Jf-'i' (">»J j^j ' uLsojJ' ^ <uJu>- fU)! ijL«jJ /l
^ v_il3j| <ki^j i^JJl ^y Uj^" 4j J^j £jl>Jlj J^l^l (>« i--^JJL) eiUa
JJt=- v^^"-*. ""S;^* oj-*-^ ^-'-^ J^ i^ '^y'^ ^ " |«-4^ cLJiiuM Ji u_aJ->-uJl
Jl liUj Jc l_^bj fUJ'VI ^;«^ ilr* fr^Ltj |,,4;utfU- j_^j1j Jj^! -Ui ^j»i^J
• I A
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^•^Tl^l > £ p.^}U.J (^_jj 4 (t^lA (^t^l JiiC'iA j > lil -ol If"
^^\( -C^rjl,
^.j 4 i;UI l^.j 4 %-\ >^/i ^ : ^--i' ,A t^-J 3*r '-^^ oi f
i!b)i Aitain ^'^(v*^};:!^ J i 6^i\ cj-> fj<?- ^^j-^ ^^j^ j^^> ^■^■' '^^^
0^7l3 2)^*:=f^ a^^*'* f-^. -I-J^^^-'* 2?>'^-^-» • ^b-t-^1 "'*^-|;^ : c/-'
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£ ^j-s ^ jjjU ojli • j>sjb olJa^ I'^'J^'Vl olJaLJl U* liUlb J-^^ ( Y- )
. ^ ^_g^\ : Joj i J-^V'l j lis- ( J )
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^fcUi'l j:^ ), ; ^311 J_^ U'i • Voyage au Darfour, p. 161. ' ^ : *^
^l^
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r^(^^'li\'~^
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( o-'ji*'^' ) ♦ ij°J' r^ •' ^^ ^ '^-^^ £*^ t-^'-^' ^ ^ ^
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♦ I jU;^! : J^Vl i^ ( Y )
Voyage ay Darfour, p. 163 <^L*iJ_^( <«j^ jJl
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. jjk«j> Cji [;;CiU i ^a-"jl L-ijj, VU ^Ji5^ J jD iH Ji
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 164 ''^'^
( Xjj — t^l ) |_^l>tJl -lJj*^_ \.i^-^ JUi>-Vb jjijU JJaiL^ ojiU o_/»- ( O
^ *'' '' ■ ■ ^ • *■ of tl •
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< .j^ikm <;u<Jij u^u-*^i '• oM(^r^ ' J^^ J *;Ki>^^j^*
Browne : op. cit.j p. 223
jjii oy\ Ijj'^ f^'Wl N^^ u^ ' ^ -^ 61^>--J1 ^.j^" ) jf-^ f^" j^-^.J
AjX,:U!l --Ij < IwX ^ c^^ill j(— 1 uj^i j J ^> ^ : Jj^i (j*^l u^*| J
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Arkell : XXXII, Part II, p. 22S.
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 171 - 173 * <^ y^\ "U>-^1 Jc ( \ 6 ^j
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 173- V-^"^' "^J^l U* »^^ j^' ( ^ )
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Voyage au Darfour, p, 179.
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Voyage atJ DarfouTj p. 193,
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,_^!^V1 pLAJUI J -i.^^-^^ jt 4o , . ..,... t j t^^j Voyage au Darfour, p. 192.
Voyage au Darfoufj p. 192. . 0^^*'— ^^
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t/j < iJ^lj »l^Vl o_^. [ l^:- ] J . ^»:.ull ^:;kj" ^^ ^^ < cL^JI Jj t\<^
, Voyage jp. 195. v'>^^^ C^-J^^
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Voyage, p. 226 (^jf^-^->
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. jjUjbj : j-<=Vi li ( <" )
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iSjj. ii^ f.*j j^i fM •-^>' 1^- — ^« oi-^^ 0:^'^'* jyJ^
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. Voyage, p, 429 J 1*11 o^j^iUl '< LUb JUxll Jaib j^j-^aJUl ( y. ■)
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Voyage, p. 429
Voyage, p. 232,429 • <_j-^'jU!1 L,-.^!* 4-*lij cJjL* '. ^^y ( ■^ )
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VoyagCj p. 429,30 JJJUiJl J--X sU) Jx^ Ls*r^ ^' "-M^J '^■^^
jm ^jic i_jL^A=a,ii ftjjujj i3tr^j" 'jt'^' ' o^-*--'' ' — J-*' * j>-aju'i (_,^i ( ' )
Voyage, p. 430 , S>-\^j -U* \j4-o 4Jja^" (^-Ul
(_^j;_j 4 — JLc iyo 'U-o C ^3^j.n v'^ JJ^j''^ L«iJ'^ '--^J^' J^'^^ liJ*
Voyage, p. 430 . iJUJf j^H Jjv*J
Voyage, p. 430 t ^jJ" ^_j5 ~U* cu^l (3^,*'^. <-M°^^
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•1 Voyage, p. 233^234,431 l^iljO^ Jj J^ fj>i^ ^^ ' '^riJ^ '-^ J
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Voyagcj p. 236 "^t-^^y^l ''-^j'^1 (j* j^J ijL;-^' Lj.v..it. : Ju ejbj ( ^ )
j^i. Jl ^4ryj '^^'^ tK ^^ cS*^' c^*^^ '^l* ' "^i^^ '^^'' «^>^- (^*
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 244.
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• J-^Vl ^S Jsu-All IJ^_ ( o )
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. <uJ1 ajj \_Lit„wi AjVpj ^yjaJuj 4jK.lL.aJl UJLoJilj L^ <^!iU-i J ..nj-i
Cf. Voyage au Darfour, p. 247,435.
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Voyage p. 248
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Voyage au Ouaday •,«— '^ *^jj>«i^
j^V -^ J i;. (ill Vj ^ji:U \ ^^_ ^ ^it
i>* t>»-^i*j u»j^=^ < Attaiij i'j^i J i'^ij ;^iiii_, < ju-ji •'jriii +Li]ij
Jc- Sjiill (jTiWWi^ < dUAj -gI^I c,ic ji < <; i__jj __;^i, ji /j^ „:^
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<iUl_j < U* j^^ J^«i( ^\Ji\ C^i\j lil : oLvjill Ji>-i JU* . j>-l V : l^Ui ? bi ^^^
Voyage, P, 266. * <;^jii\ <»>-^l jji JjlLa ^j^\^] (joU (yj\)
. Jl : j^vi i ( i )
: J..^UI ^. ; J\» ^:: 'ill '^^; J < 'ill l4ki>- ^: Vi '^^_» V "^
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♦ L5blj J <5am 5^1 oUiJ l.a;_,^ l^i^j »y!>Uxll
Voyage au Ouaday, pp. 69-73.
Voyage au Ouaday, p. 247. • o^J^ Jc J_j.*.a>JJ UL* IjJ.*^ cJLT Ljii J'l
^ j^bj iU^jl X.) (> ■<:>^] (_jjlj ^- ^Iblj JJU ^^ <L^ : »j,^^ ( i )
Voyage au Ouaday, p. 246. . j^blj <«.-tf'L& ij\j AjjJut
Voyage au Ouaday p. 15 . ^^_jlil (_j;ji aH ^li] J^b (_5a>.l : jlkfi ( ^ \
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Voyagej p. 288 .
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Voyage, p. 291 • « g6go » 'l^yti\ 'kj^j;:}i\ Jj c ^f\ j JxwJl li4J ( a )
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Mac Michael, H.A,:'op.cit . pp. 52-53.
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 459.
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 311. . U'^.Jl U^ri'^ f^ "^ '• t5^ ( e )
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Voyage au Darfour^ p. 315.
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Voyage, p. 324 <^>M <*>-j:dl o^ ^-J^i^l (v )
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Voyage, p. 325 -^ — 'j^^ ^*>-yJl ^ *-*^.i^' (0
I jj« ^y* AXa tjy j>t>» i_if (J.i»- l^jP Joj ^Sa* ^\j\ lfij«!aSi r { (jj\_*Jl U'^J
uj jjal t-ij») e\^l t/j ( SA)_J< : >Jkic- ^*-.iij ( vS"*!. '_^*"=^ ^ oy^*^
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c_wy Jfl b'Lu-,'! dJjj i J-i j/ill « "'>j^\^ » Jiil J^ ^jy
Voyage, p. 326. <;_^jaJ1 <»;>-jjdl ^ '^yuji *3LjjJ) ( f )
• Oy^j^cr* • J-''^^ J ( « )
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'V ^F Tfn
. -ci'Li. '■ J-^Vl J ( Y )
Voyage au Darfour, p. 337 . * ^''■^ i^ij-^ ^ "H Ji"^ J?:^' '"^ lt^j* iJ^ ( t )
^ ■' f
Voyage au Darfouij p, 328 . . 'L—JjiJl ^.gjs-jXJl ^ »jIj jll ( \ \
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*- *
Voyage P. 332 nSyrig" • "(..^--JjaII "W^j^Jl (Jj , ^^..-ua. :J\ cioj I eUjwj
. ^1 j^, 4 j^;*^l| : J-^Vl J ( Y )
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i ^^ ^yiit ijlCj ^O . ^'^^U^ ^^J.L 'J^lj ; v^Dl ^^ J ^''^illi il
Voyage P. 336
. g-5«.^U 1>\.c\y> v'-rV S-*-^* O^ '-A^Jl' J-^ -^ J ' '-^ ( i )
, \y^ '• J-i>V^ cy ( ' )
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Voyage au Darfour, p. 229, . 4_^jUj iJ_j_J
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VoyagCj p. 346. • Ij^jiJl <«j>-jX)\ q^ "^^^J^ (v jO
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