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En effet les Musulmans non-Arabes, et surtout les Persans,
choqu6s par rin6galit6 regnant entre les Arabes et eux, ainsi que les
pieux croyants scandalis6s par les excfes des derniers califes et en
particulier Al-Walid Ibn Yazid (720-724), et par leur conduite peu
respectable ralliferent le mouvement abbasside qui reclame le Califat
non pour les Alaouites c'est k dite les partisansdes descendantsd'Ali
seulement, mais pour tous les Hachdmites.
Dirig6 par Abou Mouslim, le soulfevement abbasside triompha
d'abord au Khorassan, puis 6crasa I'arm^e du calife Marwane Ibn
Mohammed (744-750) en Irak en 750. A la suite de I'assassinat par
ce dernier d'Ibrahim al-Imam devenu chef du parti abbasside, aprfes
la mort de son pfere Mohammed Ibn All, son frfere Aboul Abbas
As-Saffah fut proclam6 Calife k Koufa en 750. Marwane Ibn
Mohammed fut assassine en Egypte et les Abbassides dtendirent leur
domination sur I'empire arabo-musulman qui avait atteint k cette
6poque 1' Atlantique k I'ouest et la Chine k Test.
Telles sont les principales p^rip6ties de ces 6v6nements qui
permirent aux Abbassides de renverser les Omeyyades et de prendre
le pouvoir k leur place, lesquelles p6rip^ties sont d^taill^es et
comment6es dans le present ouvrage que nous sommes heureux de
presenter k nos lecteurs.
L'editeur
Presentation
Le pr6sent ouvrage reunit les 1 1 articles composes en arabe par
I'auteur tunisien Abdelaziz Th§albi et publics au courant des ann^es
F
1921 et 1922 k Tunis dans la revue «A1-Fajr» sous le titre: -wLa chute
de la dynastic omeyyade et Tavenement des Abbassides: Causes
J I
et Cons6quences».
L'auteur utilisa surtout dans la relation des faits historiques la
chronique de Thistorien arabe Al-Tabari (839-923). Mais son
ouvrage n'est pas une simple compilation, il contient au contraire
plusieurs appreciations etremarques d'ordrepurement personnel. En
effet A. Thaalbi qui ne cache pas sa sympathie pour la dynastie
omeyyade , tenta d'analyser aussi objectivement que possible les
causes de sa chute en I'an 132 de THegire/ 749-750.
L'auteur commenga par signaler que la monarchic omeyyade
avait atteint son apogee sous les regnes du calife Abdelmalik Ibn
Marwane (685-707) et de son fils Al-Walid (705-715). Elle tirait sa
puissance du pouvoir centralist entre les mains des califes et de
runit6 des Arabes r6alisee dans rarm6e.
Mais apr^s le regne de Hicham (724-743) cette unite fut brisee
surtout par les luttes intestines entre les Arabes Yemenites et les
Arabes du Nord ou Kaicites. Ces luttes presqu'ininterrompues
affaiblirent considerablement Tarm^e et radministration provinciale
et rendirent les Omeyyades incapables de venir h bout des
mouvements d'opposition (Kharijites, Chiites,etc...) eten particulier
le mouvement abbasside qui finit par les renverser.
A. ThSalbi mit I'accent sur les points faibles de la monarchie
omeyyade qui expliquent la victoire de ce dernier mouvement fondd
par Mohammed Ibn Ali arriere petit-fils d' Abbas, oncle du Prophete.
COPYRIGHT © 1995
DAR AL-GHARB AL-ISLAM
B. P. 1 13-5787 BEYROUTH
Tous droits r^serv^s. II est absolument interdit dc reproduire ce livre
ou le conserver dans le but de prendre les informations, ou le transfor-
mer d'une manifere ou d*une autre soit ^ Taide d'une photocopieuse,
suivant des cassettes magn^tiques, des moyens m^caniques ou
61ectriques sans 1' autorisation ^nte de 1' 6diteur.
Cette reprdsentation ou reproduction, par quelque proc6d6 que ce soit,
constituerait une contre-fagon sanctionn6e du code p6nal.
jVUj . j:
i>-*^ \ L^-kJnJ \ • U^Ui
•■ > .■ I
jU . oj^ 113-5787 -v.-' 35033! : ,juo^- 34013 1/ ::oUi j^-
DAR AL-GHARB AL-ISLAMI B.P.: 11 3-5787 Beyrouth, UBAN
■* -*»¥p
1995/3/2000/270 ^jJl
Oj_;:rf. 10 .v -^ c ^jU jb : ipLkJl
ABDELAZIZ THAALBI
La chute de la Dynastie Omeyyade
et I'avenement des Abbassides
(750/132)
Presentation et Edition critique
Par
Hamadi SAHLI
DAR AL-GHARB AL-ISLAMI
La chute de la Dynastie Omeyyade
et ravenement des Abbassides
(750/132)
^_^UiII ^loUJ> ^>*j^
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