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BLM LIBRARY

88069655

THREA TENED

AND ENDANGERED PLANTS

OF NE VADA

An Illustrated Manual

As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, t'ne Department of the
Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public
lands and natural res >urces. This includes fostering the wisest use of
our land and water resources, protecting our hsh and wildlife, preserv¬
ing the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and
historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through out¬
door recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral
resources and works to assure that their development is in the best
interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsi¬
bility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who
live in island territories under U.S. administration.

THE AUTHORS

Hugh N. Mozingo — Professor of Biology, Curator of the Herbarium, Agricultural

Experiment Station, Max C. Fleischmann College of Agriculture,
University of Nevada, Reno 89557

Margaret Williams — Executive Director, Northern Nevada Native Plant Society,

Box 8965, Reno 89507

This volume should be cited in the literature as follows:

Mozingo, Hugh N. and Margaret Williams. 1980. Threatened and
endangered plants of Nevada.

Includes index.

1. Botany - Nevada - Endangered species.

I i

ill

THREA TENED

AND ENDANGERED PLANTS

Q.C

.uC

hit

OF NE VADA

An Illustrated Manual

submitted to

U.S. Fish 8c Wildlife Service

500 NE Multnomah Street

and the

U.S. Bureau of Land Management
Nevada State Office

Portland, Oregon

97232

300 Booth Street

Reno, Nevada 89509

Hugh N. Mozingo

and

Margaret Williams

funded by

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Bureau of Land Management

BLM Library

Bldq. 50

May, 1980 Denver Federal Cent©*'

P.O. Box 25047
Denver, Colorado 6022b

Cover Castilleja salsuginosa

TABLE OF CONTENTS

page

Introduction . i

Map of the Counties of Nevada . iv

Plants Fully Discussed and Illustrated . 1

Appendix A--Endangered Plants not Illustrated . . 2^0

Appendix B--Plants on the Watch List . 24 1

Appendix C--Deleted Plants . 251

Habitats and Associations . 253

References . 257

Glossary Illustrations . 259

Glossary . 260

Index . 263

INTRODUCTION

With the passage of the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, consider¬
able impetus was given to raising the general level of consciousness and concern
over the rapidly dwindling populations of rare plants and animals both in this
country and abroad. This manual is a direct consequence of that concern evinced
by a variety of individuals and agencies in the state of Nevada.

Three T/E (threatened and endangered) plant workshops have been held in
Reno. The first of these, in February 1978 under the leadership of Duane At¬
wood, was sponsored by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Man¬
agement, the US Forest Service, and the Northern Nevada Native Plant Society.

The later sessions were under the sponsorship of the Northern Nevada Native
Plant Society. These sessions involved the active participation of representa¬
tives from federal and state agencies as well as professional and amateur bot¬
anists familiar with our regional vegetation. The workshops provided essential
contacts between the large number of field workers who have been active in at¬
tempting to understand the state's vegetation and those interested in collating
and organizing this information in a form which could be readily disseminated.

It is evident that there has been a dramatic increase in our knowledge of many
rarer species, particularly in terms of a better understanding of habitats and
associated species, as well as improved distribution records which were a di¬
rect consequence of the workshops. A large measure of the credit for the suc¬
cess of the latter two meetings must go to Ann Pinzl, Curator of Biology at the
Nevada State Museum, Carson City, who organized and chaired these sessions and
attended to the plethora of details needed to make them run efficiently.

Increased information has meant that the acknowledged status of many spe¬
cies has changed abruptly over the past several years. Many previously regarded
as endangered are now thought to be only threatened, some have been deleted from
our concern for one reason or another, while many others have been added to the
list of species under consideration in Nevada. However, as perusal of the manu¬
al will show, there is still a great paucity of information about most of our
uncommon species. So much so, in fact, that this effort must be regarded only
as an interim document designed primarily to assist field workers in their ef¬
forts to learn more about Nevada's plants.

The authors' original intention was to illustrate and describe only the
threatened and endangered plant species and to briefly treat the others, which
for various reasons did not merit the full treatment, in a supplementary section.
However, during the approximately eighteen months the manual was in progress, it
became apparent that this was a virtually impossible goal. The recommended status
of many species changed as a result of additional explorations, altered taxonom¬
ic views, and the discovery of mistakes in the original and subsequent listing
of T/E snecies for the state. Unavoidably, then, this manual includes a full
treatment for some plants which have been reduced to the watch list while a few
recently recognized T/E forms are not fully treated either because the actual
specimens were not available or because they constitute new taxa which had not
been described in time for inclusion. Rather arbitrarily, we decided to include
the full treatment of those plants for which the illustrations had already been
prepared, even though some of these have now been deleted from consideration as
recommended threatened or endangered plants. We felt that even the deleted forms
are still relatively uncommon plants and the uniqueness of the illustrations for
these would be of scientific value and of some interest. It should be added

that our characterization under "STATUS" is, however, only a recommendation and
is based UDon the latest information available at the time the manual went to
press .

Although our categories of threatened, endangered, etc. are not yet offi¬
cially recognized on the federal level for any Nevada plants, the State of Ne¬
vada Division of Forestry within its jurisdiction provided by NRS 527-270 vali¬
dated a list of 1 8 plants, 14 Feb 1979, as threatened with extinction. Also,
under "STATUS," the abbreviation "1975 FR" refers to the Federal Register of
1 July 1975 which was a notice of review of status of over 3,000 vascular
plants proposed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. "1976 FR" refers to the
Federal Register of 16 June 1976 which listed proposed endangered status for
some 1,700 vascular plant taxa, however, this expired on 10 November 1979.

Plants which are not considered to be immediately threatened or endangered,
but which need to be monitored have been placed on a "watch list." Such a
list has been termed in various ways, including a list of plants of special
concern or sensitive plants. Although many of these plants have been consid¬
ered at all the T/E workshops held in Reno, only the most recent recommenda¬
tions from these workshops are listed. New information has been received re¬
cently for a few taxa and our recommended status for these differs from that
recommended at the workshops. We have indicated our recommendation by follow¬
ing it with our names in parentheses, i.e., (Mozingo and Williams).

Under "LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT," the following abbreviations are used for
federal agencies: BLM - Bureau of Land Management, D0D - Department of Defense,
DOE - Department of Energy, USFS - US Forest Service, and USFWS - US Fish and
Wildlife Service.

Probably the most difficult category to assess properly is that of "THREATS,
given the low level of development of most of the State's acreage and our inabil¬
ity to predict even the immediate future. On this score, particularly trouble¬
some is the lack of data which would allow us to assess even crudely the impact
of the proposed MX system of the US Air Force on a significant portion of the
State's flora. The authors, however, believe that enough information is avail¬
able to categorically state that the MX system as presently envisaged will be a
disaster for much of the State's flora, although it is impossible to say at this
time which specie^ will be most jeopardized.

A manual such as this obviously depends on the efforts of a large number of
people. Several have contributed in such significant measure that our task would
have been much more difficult, if not impossible, without their help. We are es¬
pecially grateful to Ann Pinzl, who in her capacity as Curator of Biology at the
Nevada State Museum has used her office as a clearing house for all of the distri
bution records for T/E species in the State. We depended quite heavily on the
routine transmissions from her files, as well as the workshops, mentioned earlier
which she organized. In addition, Ann contributed most of the land ownership/
management data included in the manual.

The sustained interest, advice, and sponsorship of Janet Hohn of the USFWS
and particularly her patience with our sometimes meandering efforts are directly
responsible for this manual which began as her idea. Her expert guidance in the
preparation of the manuscript resolved many of our problems which otherwise
might have proved insuperable. We are particularly indebted and grateful to her
for making this manual possible.

Completion of this work occurred through the interest and support of Don
Spalinger of the BLM. We especially appreciate his useful suggestions. With
the added funds provided by the Bureau, continuation of this work was assured.

We are also very grateful to Joseph Dowhan of the Sacramento office of
the USFWS . He has been of significant help in resolving many of the problems
we encountered.

Many people devoted time to checking plant identifications and illustra¬
tions. Particularly outstanding in this regard was the contribution of Rupert
Barneby and James Reveal. The opportunity to have our material checked by two
such eminent botanists cannot help but enhance the value of our work. We are
especially appreciative of their help.

We believe that there can be little argument with the thesis that the
value of a manual such as this depends largely upon the number and quality of
its illustrations. Much of what we have said about T/E plants is subject to
dispute and inevitably much will change. But the quality and value of a good
scientific illustration always endures. We feel extremely fortunate in having
been able to enlist the services of two of this country's foremost botanical
illustrators for this work, Jeanne R. Janish and Peggy Duke. The efforts of
both of these very talented artists accomplishes the very difficult twin goals
of scientific exactness and aesthetic satisfaction. Any permanent value which
this work may have will be due exclusively to the beauty and accuracy of its
i 1 1 us t rat i ons .

Along this same line we are indebted to W.G. D'Arcy of the Missouri Bo¬
tanical Garden for permission to use the drawing of Oryetes nevadensis which
was prepared by Yevonn L. Wilson. We are grateful to Stanley Welsh and Kaye
Thorne for permission to use her drawing of Soleroaactus pubispdnus from the
Illustrated Manual of Proposed Endangered and Threatened Plants of Utah. One
of our illustrations is over 100 years old, the drawing of Astragalus ptero-
carpus taken from Watson, "Botany." In: King ( 1 8 7 1 ) -

We are both very grateful to Loring Williams who acted as liason for
everything from running messages back and forth between the authors, to mount¬
ing and mailing specimens, visiting the printer, and helping to host visiting
botanists. His efforts helped considerably to allow this work to be completed
on schedule.

Finally, there is a long list of people who contributed generously in
various ways to the preparation of this work. We feel that at the very least
we should list their names as a sign of our gratitude. We hope that we have
remembered everyone, if we did not, then our apologies are humbly proffered.
The length of the following list indicates the degree to which this manual
is really the consequence of the efforts of a very large number of devoted
workers: Tom Ackerman, Duane Atwood, Janice Beatley, Laurie Birdsey, C. Rose
Broome, Susan Cochrane, Lincoln Constance, Alva Day, Mark Dimmitt, Julie Elf-
ving, Barbara Ertter, Kenneth Genz, Sherel Goodrich, B.F. Harrison, Ronald L.
Hartman, Lawrence Heckard, Douglas Henderson, L.C. Higgins, James Holland,

Mary Holliday, Arthur Holmgren, Patricia Holmgren, Noel Holmgren, L.E. Horton,
Alice Howard, J.T. Howell, Pat Lott, Emily McPherson, Wesley Niles, Patricia
Packard, W. Robert Powell, Reed Rollins, Leila Shultz, Kaye Thorne, Arnold
Tiehm, Gordon H. True, Jr., Stanley Welsh, Lynnette Wise, Stephen L. Wil¬
liams, and Michael Yoder-Wi 1 1 i ams .

Undoubtedly, despite our best efforts we may have made mistakes. We
would appreciate our readers calling our attention to any they find, it may
hurt our egos, but that is not as bad as continued ignorancel Also, we
would be grateful for any new information which our readers will share with
us.

0 0 0

V'l'L

COUNTIES OF NEVADA

PLANTS FULLY DLS CUSSED AND ILLUSTRATED

The plants which are fully discussed and illustrated belong to the

fol lowing fami lies.
Within each fami 1 y ,

The arrangement
generic names are

is alphabetical by fami 1
also arranged alphabe'ti

y names,
cal 1 y .

page

AGAVACEAE .

. 2

LOASACEAE .

. 162

APIACEAE .

. A

MALVACEAE .

. 164

ASCLEP 1 ADACEAE ....

. 10

OLEACEAE .

. 166

ASTERACEAE .

. 12

ONAGRACEAE .

. 168

BORAGINACEAE .

. 36

PAPAVERACEAE .

. 170

BRASS ICACEAE .

. 46

P0LEM0N 1 ACEAE ....

. 174

CACTACEAE .

. 66

P0LYG0NACEAE .

. 178

CARYOPHYLLACEAE . . .

. 74

PORTULACACEAE ....

. 196

CROSSOSOMATACEAE . . ,

. 82

PRIMULACEAE .

. 198

EUPHORB 1 ACEAE .

. 84

ROSACEAE .

. 202

FABACEAE . .

. 86

RUB 1 ACEAE .

. 206

GENT 1 ANACEAE .

. ... 144

SCROPHULAR 1 ACEAE .

. 208

HYDROCHAR ITACEAE ...

. ... 150

SELAGINELLACEAE ..

. 234

HYDROPHYLLACEAE ....

. ... 152

SOLANACEAE .

. 236

L 1 L 1 ACEAE .

. . . . 160

VIOLACEAE .

. 238

AGAVE UTAHENSIS var. EBORISPINA

AGAVE UTAHENSIS Engelm. var. EBORISPINA (Hester) Breitung

Ivory Spined Utah Agave

FAM I LY : Agavaceae -- Agave Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Agave utahensis var. eborispina (Hester) Breitung, Cac¬
tus and Succulent Journal (U.S.), 32:22. 1 960 . Synonym:
A. eborispina Hester, Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.), 15:131. 19*0. Type:
Hester, Sheep Range, Clark County, NV, 22 July 19*t2. The long Ivory spines on
the leaves give this species its common name and its varietal name.

DESCR I PT I ON: Stemless plants, usually clustered with rosettes of fleshy, semi¬
rigid glaucous leaves 1 . 5 to 6 dm (6 to 2*4 in) long and 2 to 3-5
cm (0.8 to 1 . *4 in) wide. The margins have 3 to 5 barbs on each side and the
terminal spine is 10 to 20 cm (*4 to 8 in) long and typically curved inward.

Inflorescence stalks are characteristically
and 5 to 7 cm (2 to 3 in) wide at the base,
with six perianth segments from 1 to 1.3 cm

2.5 to 3.5 m (8 to 11.5 ft) tall
The numerous flowers are yellow,
1 ong .

The mature fruit is 3 loculed and 1 to 1.4 cm in diameter and 2 to 3 cm (0.8
to 1.2 in) long and produces many thin, flat, black, and shining seeds approx¬
imately 2 to *4 mm long.

This variety of Agave is distinguished from related varieties by the very long
terminal spines on the leaves, but, in reality, this feature is quite variable.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT: Exposed outcrops or ridges of limestone mountain ranges; occasional¬

ly on quartzite. Associated plants: sagebrush-p i nyon-j un i per ;

Atriplex eonferti folia, Coleogyne vamosissima 3 Gutierrezia miorooephala _, and
Perityle megalooephala var. intrioata. Elevation: 1160-2590 m (38OO-85OO ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark, Lincoln, and Nye counties, Nevada. Inyo County,

Cal i forn i a .

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , DOE (Nevada Test Site), State of Nevada, and

USFWS .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Private and commercial collectors. Bighorn

sheep eat the flowering stalks. Insect pre¬
dation. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This Agave is not common at any one place, but it is widely distri¬
buted so its existence is not believed to be threatened at this time.
However, this status may change if the MX becomes a reality. Known populations
should be monitored.

ANGELICA SCABRIDA Clokey & Mathias
Charleston Angelica

FAM 1 LY : Apiaceae (Umbel 1 i ferae) -- Carrot Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Angelica scabrida Clokey & Mathias, Southern Cali¬
fornia Academy of Sciences Bulletin, 37:8. 1938.

Type: I.W. and C.B. Clokey, Charleston (Spring) mountains, Clark County,

Nevada, 2200-2400 m, 4 August 1935. The specific name, scabrida , refers
to the fact that various of the plant parts are scabrous or rough to the
touch .

DESCR I PT I ON : A tall, a 1 ternate- 1 eaved perennial up to 15 dm (60 in) tall.

The pubescent stems bear large basal leaves that are pinnate
with 9 leaflets arranged in groups of 3- Individual leaflets are lanceo¬
late to ovate-lanceolate and 8 to 16 cm (3 to 6 in) long, and are never pu¬
bescent. Each of the teeth around the edge of the leaflets bears a small
spine at the tip. Occasionally the leaves bear only obscure teeth. The
petiole of each leaf is expanded into a sheath at the base which encloses
the stem.

Flowers are borne in an umbel with 25 to 32 major stalks of unequal length
from 1 to 7-5 cm (0.4 to 3 in) long. Each of these stalks in turn supports
an umbel let with about 40 flowers on individual stalks 2 to 12 mm long. A
single sheath-like bract sometimes occurs below the juncture of the major
stalks in the umbel and the umbel lets are occasionally subtended by a lin¬
ear bract. Individual pedicels and the major stalks are rough to the touch.

The white flowers are succeeded by indistinctly ribbed, flattened fruits
which are either rough or smooth at maturity and 8 to 14 mm long with nar¬
row wi ngs .

Angelica breweri Gray is similar but has petals which are pubescent on the
outside and densely pubescent ovaries whereas those of A. scabrida are at
most roughened.

Flowering in July and August.

HAB I TAT : In gravelly washes and on hillsides. Associated plants: Pinus
ponderosa var. scopulornm3 Cercocarpus ledifolius3 and Populus
tremuloides . Elevation: 1315-2560 m (4320-8400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 PP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , State of Nevada, USFS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Disturbance of the habitat by users of the

recreation area where Angelica scabrida is
found. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The expanding population in the Las Vegas area will increase the
impact on the plants in the Spring Mountains.

CYMOPTERUS BASALTICUS M.E. Jones
Basalt Spring Parsley

FAM I LY : Apiaceae (Umbe 1 1 i ferae) -- Carrot Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Cymopterus basaltious M.E. Jones, Contributions to West¬
ern Botany, 12:16. 1908. Synonyms: Coriophyllus basal¬
tious (Jones) Rydb., Flora of the Rocky Mountains, 620. 1917- Aulospermum ba-
saltioum (Jones) Tidestrom, Contributions from the National Herbarium, 25:397*
1925. Type: Jones, Beaver County, Utah, 7000 ft, 15 May 1906. The specific
name, basaltious, was chosen because this species was found growing in crevices
of nearly bare basaltic rocks.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial producing little or no stem from a thick tap root.

The leaves are 5 to 7 cm (2 to 2.8 in) long and three to five
lobed, and somewhat kidney shaped or oblong in outline.

The flowering stem is 6 to 12 cm (2. A to 4.8 in) high, glabrous, and has a
bluish waxy bloom throughout. The umbel has several rays and an involucre
which is absent or composed of one or two linear bracts. The clusters of yel¬
low or purplish flowers are subtended by several conspicuous linear to obovate
bracts about the same length or longer than the flowers.

The ovate fruit i s 3 to 5 mm long and has well developed wings.

The common Cymopterus purpurasoens (Gray) M.E. Jones can easily be separated
from this species by the former's conspicuous involucre of white bracts. C.
aoaulis (Pursh) Raf. has more finely dissected leaves and white flowers.

Flowering in May.

HABITAT : Bare basaltic rocks; sterile clay hills. Associated plants: pinyon-

j uni per, Artemisia tridentata3 A. spinesoens 3 Hermidium alipes3 and
Penstemon dolius. Elevation: 1770-2135 m (5800-7000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: White Pine County, Nevada. Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : As far as is known, this taxon has only been collected once in Nevada.

CYMOPTERUS NIVALIS

CYMOPTERUS NIVALIS S. Wats.

Snowy Spring Parsley

FAM I LY : Apiaceae (Umbel 1 i ferae) -- Carrot Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Cymopterus nivalis S. Watson, "Botany," p. 123. In:

C. King, Report of the geological explorations of the
Fortieth Parallel. Vol . 5- 1871. Type: Watson, East Humboldt Mountains,
Elko County, Nevada, 9000 ft, July 1868. The specific name, nivalis } means
snowy and refers possibly to the snow covered mountains where this species
was found or to the white flowers of the plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : A stemless perennial developing from a long, slender taproot
with once or twice pinnate leaves 1 . 5 to 5 cm (0.6 to 2 in),
pubescent with small hairs, and with the small leaf segments linear to
ovate and 1 to 10 mm long.

The inflorescence stalks exceed the leaves and are 4 to 10 cm (1.6 to 4 in)
long supporting a condensed flowered umbel. There are no bracts at the base
of the main umbel and the main rays are less than 5 mm long. The flowers
are white or sometimes pinkish.

The fruit produces a thin wing on either side.

The compact, condensed flowering umbel, white flowers, and small size readi¬
ly distinguishes this from other members of the Carrot Family found in the
same area. C. nivalis can be separated from the related C. bipinnatus S.
Wats, by the latter's larger size, leaves tending to be three times pinnate,
and the main rays of the umbel frequently longer than 5 mm. C. humboldten-
sis Jones, which grows in the same general area, is a larger, glabrous
plant. Although the original description of C. nivalis refers to white
flowers, Idaho plants have recently been characterized as having yellow
flowers. The drawing was prepared from Idaho plants.

Flowering in July.

HAB I TAT : Dry, rocky sites in subalpine and alpine zones; possibly on lime¬
stone. Associated plants: not known. Elevation: 2745“ 3520 m
(9,000-11,550 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada. Idaho and Montana.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); watch list (Mo-
zi ngo and Willi ams) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS : Cymopterus nivalis is only known in Nevada from the type collection
by Watson. It was incorrectly reported from a collection made in
the Toquima Range in Nye County. It has been searched for superficially, but
unsuccessfully, in the East Humboldt Range and in the Ruby Mountains.

ASCLEP IAS EASTWOOD I A NA

ASCLEP IAS EASTWOOD I ANA Barneby
Eastwood Milkweed

FAM I LY : Asc 1 ep I adaceae -- Milkweed Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Aseiepias eastttoodiana Barneby, Leaflets of West¬
ern Botany, 4:210. 1945. Type: Ripley and Barne¬
by, Reese River Valley, Lander County, Nevada, 5800 ft, 11 June 1944.

This species was named in honor of Miss Alice Eastwood.

DESCR I PT I ON: A low and few stemmed perennial from a woody caudex. The
sparsely pubescent leaves are wh i te-c i 1 iate margined. The
characteristic flexuous stems are 1 to 2 dm (4 to 8 in) long and sparsely
pubescent. The basal leaves are broadly ovate to nearly circular and 1 to
3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) long. The stem leaves are 2.5 to 4.5 cm (1 to 1.8 in)
long and ovate-acuminate while the upper-most leaves are lanceolate-acumin¬
ate and nearly sessile.

The lateral or occasional terminal umbels bear 6 to 1 1 flowers. Individual
pedicels are filiform, erect, and 1.5 to 2 cm (0.6 to 0.8 in) long and some¬
what purplish. Calyx teeth are narrow and ovate-acute, ciliate pubescent,
and 2 to 3 mm long. The petals are purplish-violet with thin membranous
marg i ns .

The fruits are spindle shaped, pendulous, and about 7 cm long. They are
glabrous to very lightly pubescent. (This description and the drawing were
taken from an immature fruit.)

The species differs from the closely related AsoZepias invoZuerata Engelm.
by its purple flowers and broad basal leaves. From 71. ruthiae Maguire it
may be distinguished by the former's characteristically terminal inflor¬
escence and dense pubescence.

Flowering in late May and June.

HAB I TAT : Low alkaline clay hills, or shallow, gravelly drainages, usually
growing apart from other plants: Associated plants: AtripZex
oonfertifoZia3 Saraobatus vermieuZatus 3 Tetradymia gZabrata3 Artemisia spi-
neseens3 and Kochia amerieana. Elevation: 1615-2105 m (5300-6900 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Esmeralda, Lander, and Nye counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25
Feb 1978); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range),

DOE (Tonopah Test Range), and USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS:
system.

Predation by animals or insects. Habitat
destruction by construction. Proposed MX

REMARKS : Although this milkweed is now known from many locations, it is

not abundant at any one site and it does not appear to be repro¬
ducing well. Few flowers develop seed pods.

ANTENNAR I A ARCUATA

A.aUlU/i hh /

\m\tw'///

\ ‘oty. s \ \ . : >• :< • < : f

i t

V/f

ANTENNAR I A ARCUATA Cronquist
Arching Pussytoes

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Antennavia avouata Cronquist, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 6:41. 1950. Type: Christ, Blaine Co., ID. 1946.
The stolons are curved like a bow, hence the common name and the specific
name, avouata.

DESCRIPTION: A loosely white-woolly perennial with conspicuous arching stolons
each of which roots late in the season and produces a short-lived
plant with a single erect flowering stem 3 to 4 dm (12 to 16 in) tall. The few
basal leaves are oblanceolate and not persistent and average several cm long.
The numerous stem leaves are narrow and gradually reduced upward.

The flowering heads are moderately numerous and aggregated in a terminal clus¬
ter. The involucre is about 5 mm high and tomentose below. Individual bracts
are whitish and minutely lined at the apices. The flower heads of male plants
are about 5 mm high by 3 to 3-5 mm wide, while those of the female plants are
taller and narrower (5 to 7 mm high by 2.5 mm wide). The involucral bracts of
the male heads are obovate, rounded at the apex, and average A mm long by 1.4
mm wide. Those of the female plants are narrowly obovate, acute, and about 6
mm long by 1 mm wide. The corolla of the male flowers is proportionately wider
and shorter than that of the female. The pappus hairs are flexuous and some¬
what clavate at the tip in the male, while the female has relatively straight
and finer capillary hairs.

Taxonomi ca 1 1 y , this species is quite distinct from any other Antennavia. The
arching stolons are very short early in the season, but lengthen up to 10 cm
(4 in), these are the most distinctive and unique character of the species.

Flowering in July and August.

HAB I TAT : At the edge of wild hay meadows in areas that are not permanently wet
Associated plants: Potentilla gvaoilis3 Desohampsia eaespitosa3 An¬
tennavia vosea3 Sisyvinchivtm douglasii3 Aohillea millefolium 3 and Junous sp.
Antennavia stenophylla grew nearby in drier soil. Elevation: 1600-1950 m
(5250-6400 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada. Idaho, Oregon, and Wyoming.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FE) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979); threatened (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: Private and possibly USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Plowing and reseeding of the meadows.

REMARKS : Antennavia avouata has survived for many years in meadows in Nevada

in spite of cattle grazing and the mowing of the meadows for wild hay
However, this species has been rarely collected and is unique in its genus and
for those reasons should be protected.

ANTENNAR I A SOLICEPS

A NT E NNAR ! A SOLICEPS Blake
Charleston Pussytoes

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compos itae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Antennaria solioeps Blake, Proceedings of the Biological

Society of Washington, 51:7. 1938. Type: Clokey and
Bean, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark Co., NV, 3350 m, 8 July 1937. The
specific name, solioeps , refers to the solitary heads of these plants.

DESCR I PT I ON: A tufted perennial forming mats to 45 cm (18 in) wide with short,
prostrate stolons. The basal leaves are spatu 1 ate-obovate and
6 to 9 mm long and densely white-pubescent. The young leaves on the stolons and
sometimes at the base of the stem are much less pubescent. The stem leaves are
5 to 8 mm long and only 1 to 2 mm wide.

The mature flowering heads are 8 to 10 mm high and bear about 60 flowers sur¬
rounded by involucral bracts, the outermost of which have a conspicuous blackish-
brown spot. The pappus on the 1.5 mm achenes is white and about 6 mm long.

The main distinguishing feature which separates this species from most other
antennarias is the large and solitary head on each flowering stalk. The common
A. dimorpha (Nutt.) T.sG. which also has solitary heads can be separated by its
lack of stolons, much larger leaves, and involucral bracts which are dingy-brown
but lack the conspicuous blackish-brown spot of A. solioeps .

Flowering in July and August.

HABITAT : Timbered mountain meadows, open scree slopes, and north facing cliffs.

Associated plants: Pinus longaeva, Draba jaegeri3 Sphaevomevia oom-
paota3 and Ivesia oryptooaulis . Elevation: 2670-3520 m (8760-11,550 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Free roaming horses and foot-traffic on unstable

slopes. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The expanding population in southern Nevada will increase the impact
on plants in the Spring Mountains.

ARTEMISIA PAPPOSA

ARTEMISIA PAPPOSA Blake & Cronquist
Fuzzy Sandwort

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Artemisia papposa Blake & Cronquist, Leaflets of West¬
ern Botany, 6:43- 1950. Type: Maguire and Holmgren,

Owyhee County, Idaho, 7 June 1946. The seeds of this species have a minute
pappus (fuzz), hence the common name and the specific name, papposa.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low shrubby plant with short, leafy branches and flowering
stems to 20 cm (8 in) tall. The leaves are 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to
1.2 in) long, three or more lobed at the apex and pubescent with spreading or
appressed, somewhat tangled short hairs. Some stem leaves are occasionally
un 1 obed .

The inflorescence bears 4 to 10 heads. The achenes have a crown consisting
of a short irregularly toothed membrane with some of the teeth drawn out into
hairs.

The short habit and irregularly multilobed leaves easily separate this species
vegetatively from any other artemisias found in the area. Additionally, the
presence of a minute, but definite pappus membrane on the achene separates
this from any other known species of Artemisia.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Open places; sometimes on alkaline flats; or on thin, stony, mineral
soil at the edge of mountain meadows; moist early in the season,
drying later. Associated plants: Haplopappus Zanceolatus, Navarretia propin-
qua} Orthoearpus hisvidus , and Madia exigua } surrounded by Artemisia sp. Ele¬
vation: 1130-2010 m (3700-6600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada. Idaho and Oregon.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FT?) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Cattle grazing. Range improvements such as

reseed i ng .

REMARKS : An effort should be made to determine the full range of Artemisia
papposa.

BRICKELLIA KNAPPIANA

BRICKELLIA KNAPP I ANA E. Drew
Knapp Brickellia

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compos itae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: BrickeZZia knappiana E. Drew, Pittonia, 1 : 2 60 . 1888.

Synonym: CoZeosanthus knappianus Greene, Erythrea,

1:54. 1893- Type: Knapp, San Bernardino Co., CA, 1888. This species is
named for M.A. Knapp who collected the type specimen.

DESCRIPTION: A slender shrub with willow-like branches which reaches a

height of 1 to 2 m (40 to 80 in). The bark is smooth, white,
and tends to become shredded on older stems. The lanceolate or narrow-
ovate leaves are 2.5 to 3-5 cm (1 to 1.4 in) long, on petioles which are
4 to 5 mm long. The leaves grade from sharply toothed to nearly entire,
particularly in the upper parts of the plant.

The flowering heads have only three to seven flowers which are white to
light pink. The involucral bracts number about 20 and are minutely pubes¬
cent .

The willow-like aspect of this shrub is an immediate distinguishing charac¬
teristic, as are the relatively few flowers in the head. Other brickellias
generally have 8 to 26 flowers in each head. From BviokeZZia muZtifZora
Kell, it can be separated by its pubescent rather than glabrous aspect and
by the consistently entire leaves of B. muZtifZova.

Flowering in the autumn.

HAB I TAT : Rocky slopes; canyon walls. Associated plants: Sonoran zone;

Atv'LpZex oonfevt'ifoZia. Elevation: 760-1340 m (2500-4400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark Co., NV . Inyo and San Bernardino cos., CA.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS : A concerted effort should be made to determine the full range,

distribution, and threats, if any, to this rare taxon which is
only known from two collections in Nevada. It is more common in California.

ENCELIOPSIS NUDICAULIS var. CORRUGATA

ENCEL I OPS I S NUD I CAUL I S (Gray) A. Nels. var. CORRUGATA Cronq.

Ash Meadows Sunray

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Enoeliopsis nudicaulis var. oorrugata Cronq., Bul¬
letin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 99:246. 1972.

Type: Cronquist, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, 730 m, 20 April 1966.
Earlier collections had been made by Beatley, Reveal, and others. The
varietal name, oovvugata, refers to its strongly ruf f 1 ed-corrugate leaves.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial, forming clumps 1 to 4 dm (4 to 16 in) high from
a stout woody root-stock. The leaves are densely tomentose
with fine, grayish-white hairs and are relatively small, with a blade 1 to
2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) long, and ovate to subcircular in shape.

The leafless flower stalks bear individual heads with disks 2 to 3-5 cm
(0.8 to 1.4 in) across. The ray flowers number 11 to 23 and possess yel¬
low corollas 2 to 2.5 cm (0.8 to 1 in) long. The disk flowers are strongly
compressed .

The silky-pubescent achenes bear 2 short awl-shaped awns connected by a
whorl of short, fused scales; although sometimes no pappus is present on
the achenes.

This variety can be separated from the typical form of the species by the
smaller leaves which, in the field, are strongly ruff led-corrugate as con¬
trasted with the flat leaves of the widespread typical form. The other
species of Enoeliopsis _, E. avgophylla (D.C. Eat.) A. Nels., to be found
in this same general area possesses rhombic-ovate leaves with blades 4 to
10 cm (1.6 to 4 in) long with a silvery pubescence.

Flowering in April and May.

HAB I TAT : Dry washes, or outcrops of pale, hard limestone, which weathers

to a whitish saline soil. Associated plants: Atviplex oonferti-
folia3 Haplopappus aovadenius 3 Avotomeoon mevviamii 3 and Cvyptantha aonfev-
ti flora. Elevation: 700-735 m (2300-2410 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979 ) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Utilization of land for agricultural or

other developmental purposes. Destruction
by free roaming horses. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Enoeliopsis nudioaulis var. oorrugata appears to be limited to

a particular edaphic condition so that any loss of habitat would
be cri tical .

ERIGERON LATUS

ERIGERON LATUS (Nels. & Macbr.) Cronq.

B road F 1 eabane

FAM 1 LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Erigeron lotus (Nels. & Macbr.) Cronquist, Brittonia,

6:192. 1 9 ^4 7 • Synonym: Erigeron poliospermus var.
latus Nels. & Macbr. Botanical Gazette, 55 * 383 • 1913- Type: Nelson and Mac-
bride, Owyhee Co., Idaho, 1 July 1912. The specific name, latus, means broad
and possibly refers to the broad flowering heads.

DESCRIPTION: A finely glandular and sparsely pubescent herb 3 to 8 cm (1.2 to
3.2 in) high which is perennial by means of a stout root-stock.

The leaves are coarsely hairy and glandular with the basal leaves oblanceolate
to spatulate and up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. The stem leaves are much smaller
and linear, or may bd absent.

The flowering heads are borne singly and are 10 to 20 mm broad. The involucral
bracts are densely glandular, coarsely hairy, and have a brown midrib and pur¬
plish tip. The ray flowers are purple and number about 15 to 25. The disk
corollas are 4.7 to 6 mm long.

The achenes have a tuft of 20 to 27 coarse and firm bristles at their tips and
are themselves somewhat pubescent or nearly hairless when mature.

The most distinctive features of this species are the large purple-rayed heads,
nearly leafless stems and relatively large basal leaves and the glandular nature
associated with a rather coarse spreading pubescence. Evigeron avgentatus A.

Gray, while similar in form, is readily distinguished by its silvery pubescence,
achenes with 6 to 8 nerves rather than 2 to 3 as is the case with E. latus.

Flowering in July.

HABITAT: Gravelly or rocky hillsides; volcanic sands. Associated plants: Hap-

lopappus acaulis, Eviogonum striatum ssp. proliferum3 E. heraoleoides ,

E. miorotheoum var. laxiflorum, and Phoenioaulis aheiranthodes . Elevation:

1950 m (6400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada. Idaho.

STATUS: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FE) : threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS : Not enough is known about this rare species to determine the threats

to it. An intensive search should be conducted to determine its dis¬
tribution and abundance.

ER I GERON OV I NUS

E R I G E R 0 N OV I NUS Cronq .

Sheep Flea bane

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Evigevon ovinus Cronquist, Brittonia, 6:164. 1947- The

original collection was formerly referred to Evigevon
oaespitosus ssp. anaotis Blake. Type: Purpus, Mt. Irish, Lincoln County, NV.
1898. The specific name, ovinus _, pertains to sheep.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial with a stout branching root-stock. The 5 to 15 cm
(2 to 6 in) stems are prostrate with ascending tips or are es¬
sentially erect. The leaves and stems are densely pubescent with spreading
hairs. The leaves, especially towards the base, are usually triple-nerved.

The basal leaves are obovate or oblanceolate and reach a maximum size of 7 cm
(2.8 in) long by 13 mm wide. The stem leaves are reduced and generally rela¬
tively narrower.

The flowering heads are solitary, with a disk 7 to 14 mm wide. The involucre
is shorter than the disk and 6 to 8 mm high. The involucral bracts are den¬
sely glandular and sometimes sparsely tomentose with coarse, spreading hairs.
The inner involucral bracts are often purplish at the tips. The rays or pis¬
tillate flowers are absent, while the disk corollas are 4 to nearly 6 mm long.
The double pappus consists of 15 to 25 firm bristles in an inner circle with
minute and sometimes obscure bristles in an outer whorl. The pappus is tawny
or brownish in color and the achene is pubescent.

This species can be separated from the related Evigevon oaespitosus Nutt, by
the densely glandular involucre which is sometimes coarsely hairy, by the much
longer hairs of the stems and leaves, and most obviously, by the lack of pis¬
tillate f 1 owers .

Flowering in June.

HABITAT : Limestone rock outcrops, north side of cliffs, and at the base of

cliffs. Associated plants: Pinus monophylla3 P. pondevosa3 Abies
oonoolor3 and Cevcooavpus intvioatus. Elevation: 1890-2560 m (6200-8400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: If the present management policies continue in

the Desert National Wildlife Range there will
be no threats to this taxon there.

REMARKS : The known populations of Evigevon ovinus should be monitored and

it should be searched for in similar habitats, particularly in Lin¬
coln County.

ERIGERON UNCIALIS var. CONJUGANS

ERIGERON UNCIALIS Blake ssp. CONJUGANS (Blake) Cronq.

Inch High Fleabane

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Evigeron unoialis ssp. conjugans (Blake) Cronquist,

Brittonia, 6:211. 1947. Synonym: E. unoialis var.
conjugans Blake, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 47:

174. 1934. Type: Hitchcock, Big Falls, Kyle Canyon, Charleston (Spring)
Mountains, 9000 ft, 3 Sept. 1927- The specific name, unciatis) means inch
high.

DESCR I PT I ON : A small perennial with leafless flowering stems 1 to 5 cm (0.4
to 2 in) tall. The leaves are all basal, i.e., borne on top
of the branching root-stock. The pubescence on the petioles and the lower
portion of the flowering stem is mostly appressed. The leaf blades are broad¬
ly elliptic to nearly circular. The leaves vary in size.

The flowering heads are borne singly and bear 15 to 40 white or light rose
ray flowers. The involucral bracts are finely glandular, with long hairs and
characteristically thin and green, or with a green midrib. Sometimes the
bracts have reddish-purple margins. The ray flowers are 4 to 6 mm long,
while the disk flowers have a corolla between 2.7 and 3-4 mm in length.

The short-hairy achenes possess a pappus of 13 to 22 firm bristles.

This variety can be separated from the typical form of the species by the ap¬
pressed hairs on the petioles and lower part of the flowering stem. From
the related Evigeron tener Gray it can be distinguished by its smaller habit
and normally leafless flower stalks. In addition, E. tener lacks spreading
hairs on the leaves or flowering stems.

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT: Crevices in faces of limestone cliffs and outcrops. Associated

plants: Abies concotor, Pinus monophylla 3 P. ponderosa, Juniperus
osteosperma, Leptodaotyton sp. , or Ivesia jaegeri ; mosses. Elevation: 2230-

3395 m (7315-1 1 , 1 35 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark, Nye, and White Pine counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : This is a rare plant and could easily be overlooked. Known popu¬
lations should be monitored.

GRINDELIA F RAX I NO - P RAT E N S I S

GRINDELIA F R AX I N 0 - P R AT E N S I S Reveal 6 Beatley
Ash Meadows Gumweed

FAMILY: Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Grindelia fraxino-pratensis Reveal and Beatley, Bul¬
letin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 98:332. 1971.

Type: Reveal and Holmgren, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, 660 m, 21 Aug¬

ust 1968. Both the common name and the specific name were taken from frax-
inus , meaning ash, and pratensis3 meaning of the meadow.

DESCRIPTION: An erect biennial or perennial herbaceous plant some 7 to 10
dm (28 to 40 in) tall with 1 to 3 stems arising from a woody
root-stock. The stems are glabrous, leafy, and openly branched in their up¬
per halves. The leaves are somewhat leathery, dark green, and dotted with
resinous glands. Basal leaves are oblanceolate and 4 to 7 cm (1.6 to 2.8 in)
long while the stem leaves are oblanceolate to oblong and 1.5 to 5 cm (0.6
to 2 in) long. The leaf edge is entire to somewhat toothed at the apex.

The inflorescence is open with individual heads 8 to 10 mm across. The in¬
volucres are 7 to 9 mm high with 3 to 7 mm long phyllaries that are resin¬
ous dotted. The ray flowers are mostly 13 per head, with the corolla gold¬
en to lemon yellow and 3 to 4.5 mm long. The disk flowers are 4 to 5 mm
long and golden yellow.

The achenes are 2.5 to 3-5 mm long and bear 2 stout awns which are 3 to 4
mm long.

The related Grindetia hatlii Steyerm. is a smaller plant, 3 to 6 dm (12 to
24 in) tall, with toothed leaves and 13 to 21 ray flowers per head.

Flowering from June to October.

HAB I TAT : Roadsides, meadows, or woodland borders; saline soil, especially

in depressions and in saturated soils next to standing water. As¬
sociated plants: Atriplex aonfertifotia , Centaurium namophilvon 3 Tamarix sd.,
Anemopsis ealifomioa3 and Haplopappus aaradenius. Elevation: 640-700 m
(2100-2300 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 7*7?); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Utilization of land for agricultural or oth¬
er developmental purposes. Diversion of wa¬
ter for agricultural uses. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Although much of the original habitat for Grindetia fraxino-pra¬
tensis has been destroyed, it appears to be able to become estab¬
lished in disturbed soil.

MACHAERANTHERA LEU C ANTH EM I FO L I A

MACHAERANTHERA L E U C AN TH EM I F 0 L I A (Greene) Greene
White Leaf Machaeranthera

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compos itae) -- Sunflower Family

C I TAT I ON AND H 1 STORY : Machaeranthera leucanthemi folia (Greene) Greene,

Pittonia, 3:61. 1896. Synonym: Aster leucanthe-
mifolius Greene, Erythrea, 3:119- 1895- Type: Shockley, near Candelaria

(Mineral County), NV, 6000 ft. The specific name, leucanthemi folia , means
having white foliage.

DESCRIPTION: A short-lived perennial with pale gray, more or less glandular

and sp i ny- toothed leaves. The branched stems reach a height
of k dm (16 in) and like the leaves are ashy-pubescent. Basal leaves are

2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) long while the clasping stem leaves are somewhat
sma 1 1 er .

The 6 to 7 mm high flower heads are ashy-pubescent and glandular. There are
8 to 15 pale purple rays 6 to 8 mm long. The achenes are pubescent, about

3 mm long, and crowned with a tuft of brownish-white hairs.

A taxonomic question has been raised concerning Machaeranthera leucanthemi-
folia. The above description follows the treatment in Munz and Keck (1959) -
M. canescens (Pursh) Gray can be separated by its leaves which are better
developed on the stem rather than being reduced to mere bracts, flowering
heads which are more numerous and tending to be larger, and involucral bracts
which are prominently curled backward at the tip. M. tortifolia (Gray) Cronq.
& Keck grows in the same general area, however, this latter species is not as
glandular, has longer, relatively narrower leaves, is not pale ashy-gray in
color, and has much larger flowering heads (12 to 16 mm high).

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Fine gravelly soil, outwash fans. Associated plants: Larrea tri-

dentata3 Atriiplex confertifolia3 Ealogeton glomeratus3 Chrysothamnus
sp. , and Viguiera multiflora. Elevation: 670-1830 m (2200-6000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lincoln, Mineral, Nye , and Pershing counties, Nevada.

Cal i forn i a .

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); deleted (Mozingo
and Willi ams) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , State of Nevada, possibly USFS, and private.
EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This species was recommended to be deleted because of its widespread

distribution. However, known populations should be monitored until
the MX sytem sites are located.

SPHAEROMERIA COMPACTA (Hall) Holmgren, Shultz S Lowrey

Charleston Tansy

FAM I LY : Asteraceae (Compos itae) -- Sunflower Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Sphaeromeria compacta (Hall) Holmgren, Shultz & Lowrey,

Brittonia, 28:261. 1976. Synonyms: Tanacetvon compaction
H.M. Hall, Muh 1 enberg i a , 2 : 3^+3 - 1916. Chamartemisia compacta (Hall) Rydb.,

North American Flora, 34:243- 1916. Type: Heller, Charleston (Spring) Moun¬
tains, 3300 m, 15 August 1913- The specific name, compacta , refers to the com¬
pact tufting habit of these plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : A densely tufted, silvery-silky perennial with fan-shaped, divid¬
ed leaves up to 15 mm long. The leaves possess four to nine lobes
2 to 5 rnm long. The flowering heads are borne singly on stems 2 to 4 cm (0.8
to 1.6 in) tall. The basal bracts on the heads possess thin margins tinged
with pink, but are generally white with a dark brown midrib and are silky pu¬
bescent .

The strap-shaped ray flowers at the margin of the head number 5 to 10, while
the center of the head contains many straw-colored disk flowers. After the
flowers are removed from the head, the area to which they were attached (the
receptacle) will be seen to have no hairs or scales.

The fruiting structures or achenes are smooth and support five awl-shaped
scales at the top.

From the somewhat similar Sphaeromeria potentiZloid.es (Gray) Heller this spe¬
cies can be distinguished by the lack of pubescence on the receptacle and the
narrower disk flowers which have densely pubescent teeth.

Flowering in late July and August.

HAB I TAT : On gravelly hillsides or in crevices of limestone; talus slopes at
timber line or above. Associated plants: Pinus Zongaeva3 Ivesia
cryptocauZis 3 Oxytropis oreophiZa 3 Praha jaegeri3 AquiZegia scopuZorvm 3 and
Erigeron cZokeyi. Elevation: 3000-3520 m (9840-11,550 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976. FP) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Free roaming horses and foot-traffic on un¬
stable slopes. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The increasing population in the Las Vegas area will increase the
hazards to the plants in the Spring Mountains.

TOWNSENDIA JONESII var. TUMULOSA

5 mm

3 mm

TOWNSENDIA JONESII (Beaman) Reveal var. TUMULOSA Reveal

Charleston Ground-daisy

FAM 1 LY : Asteraceae (Compositae) -- Sunflower Family

C ITAT ION AND H I STORY : Townsendia jonesii (Beaman) Reveal var. tumulosa

Reveal, The Great Basin Naturalist, 30:35- 1970.

Type: Reveal, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, 8400

ft, 17 June 1968. This species had been collected many times previously,
and had been treated by Clokey, "Flora of the Charleston Mountains, Clark
County, Nevada," as Townsendia arizonioa Gray. The varietal name, tumu-
losa , refers to the mounding habit of the plant.

DESCRIPTION: A rosette-forming perennial with oblanceolate to spatulate
leaves up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long by 2 to 4 mm wide. The
leaves are entire and acute, and usually uniformly hairy on both surfaces.

The flowering heads have mostly short peduncles with involucral bracts
which are broadly lanceolate to obovate with thin, dry, and hair-fringed
margins. The bracts are glabrous to slightly hairy on the outer surfaces.

Ray flowers are white or pink or violet and number from 13 to 21. Indi¬
vidual ray flowers vary from 8 to 12 mm long by about 1 mm wide. The yel¬
low disk flowers are usually purp 1 i sh- t i nged at the tip and vary in length
from 4 to 6 mm.

The achenes are oblanceolate compressed, and 2 or sometimes 3 ribbed.

They are hairy and possess 15 to 30 pappus bristles at their apex.

This variety differs from the related var. jonesii of the same species in
its shorter and wider leaves, its shorter (to 1.5 cm) peduncles and the
obtuse rather than pointed involucral bracts.

Flowering from March to June.

HAB 1 TAT : On ridges, slopes, saddles, and washes in open places away from
shrubs. Associated plants: Pinus monophylla , P. ponderosa var.
soopulomm , P. longaeva, Artemisia nova, Abies ooneolor, Cercooarpus sp.,
Penstemon thompsoniae var. jaegeri, or P. keckii. Elevation: 1980-3050 m
(6500-10,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov. 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS, USFWS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Increased recreational use in the Spring Moun¬
tains. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : There is no threat to this taxon in the Desert National Wildlife
Range as long as present management policies continue.

CRYPTANTHA HOFFMANN I I

CRYPTANTHA HOFFMANN I I I.M. Johnston
Hoffmann Cryptantha

FAM I LY : Boraginaceae -- Borage Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Cryptantha hoffmannii I.M. Johnston, Contributions from

the Arnold Arboretum, 3=90. 1932. Type: Hoffmann,

Westgard Pass, Inyo County, CA, 7300 ft, 11 July 1930. This species was named
for the collector of the type, Ralph Hoffmann.

DESCR I PT I ON : A biennial plant becoming 3-A dm (13-6 in) tall with one to sev¬
eral conspicuously hairy stems bearing spatulate leaves which are
larger at the base and reduced upwards. The leaves are rough-hairy and bristly
on both surfaces.

The inflorescence is broad-topped and interrupted with apparent floral bracts.
The lanceolate calyx segments are 3 to 5 mm long at the time of flowering and
become 5 to 8 mm long in fruit. The white flowers have a tube 3 to A mm long
and an expanded portion 5 to 7 mm wide. At the base of each lobe at the point
of juncture with the tube is a yellow, rounded appendage 0.5 mm long.

The two to four nutlets are roughened and have a low inconspicuous crest on the
outer surface. The inner surface has a triangular, open scar without an eleva¬
ted margin.

From the similar and possibly extinct C. insolita (Macbr.) Payson this species
may be distinguished by its denser, less elongate inflorescence and by conspic¬
uous, rather than inconspicuous, appressed bristles. From the common C. vir-
ginensis (Jones) Payson it may be separated by the former's longer calyx lobes
in fruit (7 to 12 mm compared to 5 to 8 mm), larger nutlets (3 to A. 5 mm com¬
pared to 2.5 to 3 mm long) with a prominent rather than indistinct keel on the
outs i de .

Flowering from June to August.

HAB I TAT : Volcanic soils, rocky open slopes, or on diatomite. Associated

plants: sagebrush-p i nyon- j un i per , Purshia sp. Elevation: 1 830-

1950 m (6000-6A00 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Esmeralda, Mineral, and Nye counties, Nevada. Inyo Co.,

Cal i forn i a .

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
LAND OWNERSH I P/MANAGEMENT : BLM, DOE (Tonopah Test Range), and possibly private.
EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : More study is needed to understand the habitat and edaphic require¬
ments of this rare plant. It was searched for unsuccessfully at the
location of the Mineral County collection.

CRYPTANTHA INSOLITA (Macbr.) Pays.

Las Vegas Cryptantha

FAMILY: Boraginaceae -- Borage Family

CITATION AND H I STORY : Cryptantha insotita (Macbr.) Payson, Annals of the Mis¬
souri Botanical Garden, 14:273. 1927. Synonym: Oreooar-
ya insotita Macbride, Contributions from the Gray Herbarium, 48:28. 1916. Type:
Goodding, Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, 4 May 1905- The specific name, inso¬
tita, means unusual, possibly referring to the habit of the plant.

DESCRIPTION: A biennial or short-lived perennial plant which attains a height
of up to 4 dm ( 1 6 in). There are one to several stems which are
pubescent with appressed hairs and bristles. The mostly basal leaves are spatu-
late, blunt at the tip and up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long. The lower surface of the
leaf is inconspicuously pubescent with appressed bristles, while the upper sur¬
face is more sparsely pubescent.

The elongate, open inflorescence is weakly bristly and crowded with flowers.

The 1 i near- 1 anceol ate calyx segments become 7 to 9 mm long in the fruiting stage.
The white flowers have a tube 3 to 4 mm long. The one to four nutlets produced
by each flower are about 4 mm long and distinctly keeled on the outer face and
bearing short tubercles.

From the similar C. virginensis (Jones) Payson, C. insotita differs significant¬
ly in its appressed bristles on the leaf rather than spreading, and by blunt tu¬
bercles rather than sharp ones. From C. twnutosa (Pays.) Pays, it can be separa¬
ted by the distinct rather than slight keel and by the more prominent tubercles
on the outer face of the nutlet. C. tvonutosa, also, is much more obviously a
perenn i a 1 .

Flowering from April to June.

HAB I TAT : Not definitely known. Possibly saline clay soil with gypsum outcrops;

lower part of the Upper Sonoran Zone. Elevation: 305-610 m ( 1 000—

2000 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Possibly extinct (1975 FB) ; endangered (1975 FB) ; endangered (Reno T/E

Workshop, 2 Nov 1979). Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada
Division of Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by HRS 527.270; collection permit
required. Possibly extinct (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and/or private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Urban expansion. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The last known collection of Cryptantha insotita was in 1942, the

type is the only other known collection. This taxon has been searched
for recently without success. Although it is the recommendation of Mozingo and
Williams that this taxon should be considered to be possibly extinct, the search
for it should be continued whenever possible.

CRYPTANTHA INTERRUPTA

CRYPTANTHA INTERRUPTA (Greene) Pays.

Interrupted Cryptantha

FAMILY: Borag i naceae- - Borage Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Cryptantha znterrupta (Greene) Payson, Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden, 4:296. 1927- Synonym:

Oreoaarya znterrupta Greene, Pittonia, 3:111- 1896. Type: Lost or destroyed.
Neotype: Higgins, east of Wells, Elko County, Nevada, 13 July 1968. The

spacing of the flowers in the inflorescence gives rise to the common name and
to the specific name, znterrupta.

DESCRIPTION: A long-lived perennial which may reach 6 dm (24 in) in height.

The few to several stems are clothed with appressed hairs and
weak white bristles. The leaves are oblanceolate to spatulate, obtuse and 1.5
to 7 cm (0.6 to 2.8 in) long, with both surfaces covered with appressed hairs
and weak bristles, with the latter somewhat more prominent on the lower surface

The inflorescence is narrow, interrupted, and densely prickly hairy. The calyx
segments are 2 to 3 mm long at flowering and become 5 to 8 mm long in fruit.

The corolla is white with a tube 2 to 2.5 mm long and an expanded portion 5 to
6 mm wide. Yellow appendages 0.5 mm long are present at the point where the
expanded portion joins the tube.

The four nutlets are lanceolate, 3-3 to 3-6 mm long, with nearly smooth to
warty surfaces, and a linear, slightly open scar on the inner surface.

This species can be distinguished from somewhat similar perennial species by
the combination of linear nutlet scars only slightly open, a nutlet surface
with a warty appearance rather than wrinkled, and the upper leaf surface with
two distinct kinds of hairs. Cryptantha znterrupta is a questionable taxo¬
nomic entity according to some recent floristic works (Hitchcock et al. 1959)
and has been combined with C. spzoutzfera Pays. Until a new systematic mono¬
graph of the genus appears, we have adopted a conservative position on this
species, primarily to draw attention to the existence of the Nevada populations

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Rocky hillsides, sandy or clay soils. Associated plants: sagebrush-
pi nyon-j un i per , Chrysothccmnus vzs ozdzf torus 3 Oryzopszs hymenozdes 3
Phlox sp., and Astragalus sp. Elevation: 1495-2410 m (4900-7900 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko, Eureka, and White Pine counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : C. znterrupta is rather widely distributed and it apparently thrives
in disturbed soil. It is unlikely that the MX system will have an
impact on all the populations of this taxon.

CRYPTANTHA TUMULOSA

CRYPTANTHA TUMULOSA (Pays.) Pays.

Mohave Cryptantha

FAM I LY : Boraginaceae -- Borage Family

C I TAT I ON AND HISTORY: Cryptantha tumulosa (Payson) Payson, Annals of the Mis¬
souri Botanical Garden, 14:276. 1927- Synonym: Oreo-
oarya tumulosa Payson, University of Wyoming Publications in Botany, 1:164. 1926.
Type: Brandegee, Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, CA, May 1902. The

specific name, tumulosa, refers to the mounding habit of the plants.

DESCRIPTION: A long lived perennial reaching a height of nearly 3 dm (12 in)
with one or several coarsely pubescent and bristly stems arising
from a woody taproot. The basal leaves are numerous, obi anceolate, obtuse and
3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2 in) long on slender, long petioles. Conspicuous pimples or
"pustules" occur on both leaf surfaces.

The narrow, uninterrupted inflorescence occupies one-half to three-fourths of
the stem length. The densely bristly inflorescence bears white flowers with lin¬
ear lanceolate seDals initially 4 mm long, but becoming 8 to 10 mm long in fruit.
There are conspicuous yellow appendages in the throat of the flower 0.5 to 1 mm
long, while the expanded portion of the corolla i s 6 to 8 mm wide.

Only 1 or 2 of the four nutlets mature and become 4 mm long, and very pale with
the outer surface somewhat roughened or warty. The inner surface of the nutlet
(i.e. that part nearest the central axis of the fruiting structure) bears a tri¬
angular scar with a margin which is only slightly raised.

The only other species in the same general area with which this might be con¬
fused is C. virainensis (Jones) Pays, which has a broad, open inflorescence and
nutlets with a prominent ridge on the outer surface.

Flowering from April to June.

HABITAT: Gravelly clay soils, on limestone hills and in washes. Associated

plants: Artemisia sp., Ceraoaarpus ledifolius, Juniperus osteosperma,
and Pinus monophylla. Elevation: 1370-2165 rn (4500-7100 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. San Bernardino County, California.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, USFWS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the areas in the Spring

Mountains where Cryptantha tumulosa has been
found. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS: Recent collections in the Desert National Wildlife Range have lessened

the vulnerability of this taxon. A further search should be made to
determine the full distribution of this Cryptantha.

HAC KEL I A OPH I OB I A

HACKEL I A OPH I OB I A R. L. Carr
Owyhee River Stickseed

FAM I LY : Borag i naceae -- Borage Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Haakelia ophiobia R.L. Carr, Madro'no, 22:390. 197A.

Type: Carr, Malheur Co., Oregon, 30 June 1968.

The derivation of the specific name, ophiobia , is obscure. The root, ophio-3
comes from the Greek and means pertaining to snakes. The name may have been
chosen because this plant grows in the Snake River drainage or perhaps be¬
cause its rocky habitat may also be the home of snakes.

DESCR I PT I ON : A slender perennial with a few to several stems reaching a

height of 2 to A dm (8 to 16 in). The leaves and stems are pu¬
bescent, with the leaves uniformly so on both surfaces. The basal leaves are
broad and 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in) long, while the stem leaves are only some¬
what sma 1 1 e r .

The flowers are blue with a yellow to cream throat and about 6 to 8 mm wide.
The calyx consists of 1 i near- 1 anceol ate pubescent segments which are 3 to A
mm long. Individual flower stalks are 12 to 17 mm long in fruit.

The four nutlets produced by each flower are 2.2 to 3-3 mm long with a rough¬

ened surface and prominent marginal prickles.

No other species of Haakelia in the west has basal leaves as proportionately
broad with a base so truncate or indented. Its flowers and nutlets differ
from those of Haakelia ausiokii (Piper) Brand in that the latter species has
flowers 5 to 10 mm broad and nutlets which have more prickles on the outer
surface.

Flowering in June.

HAB I TAT : Well-shaded sandy talus, in cracks and crevices of rocky basaltic
bluffs and cliffs; banks of a gorge along a creek. Associated
plants: this taxon grows in barren areas, but nearby can be found 'Artemis¬

ia tridentata3 Chrysothamnus visaidiflorus } Symphoriaarpos longiflorus3 Poa
ampla 3 Elymus ainereus 3 and Allium bisaeptrum. Elevation: 1 220- 1 A00 m

(A000-A600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Humboldt County, Nevada. Malheur County, Oregon.

STATUS: Endangered (1975 and 1976 EE); endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: U S FWS .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Destruction of habitat by stream water lev¬
el fluctuation.

REMARKS : Haakelia ophiobia is only known in Nevada from one small popula¬
tion which should be monitored. It should be searched for in sim¬
ilar hab i tats .

DRABA ASTEROPHORA var. ASTEROPHORA

DRABA ASTEROPHORA Payson var. ASTEROPHORA

Star Draba

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Draba asterophora Payson var. asterophora, Ameri¬
can Journal of Botany, 4:263. 1917. Type: Kenne¬

dy, Mt. Rose, Washoe County, Nevada, 9000 ft, 17 August 1905. The specific
name, asterophora, and the common name refer to the star-shaped hairs on the

plants.

DESCRIPTION: A loosely tufted perennial with some rather long trailing

vegetative branches. The leaves are obovate to oblanceolate,
about 1 cm long and 4 to 5 mm wide. The sparse pubescence consists of long
stalked cross-shaped or stellate hairs.

The flowering stalks are slender, smooth, 3 to 4 cm (1.2 to 1.6 in) long,
and with a short raceme bearing 10 to 25 yellow flowers.

The broad pods are 5 to 13 mm long and 3 to 6 mm broad, flattened, and
hairless. The style at the top of the pod is short, about 0.5 mm, but vary¬
ing from 0.25 to 1 mm. The distinctive seeds are 2 mm long and possess a
nearly complete thin wing about 0.5 mm broad.

The var. maorooarpa C.L. Hitchc. of this species has styles 1 to 2 mm long,
and pods which are 10 to 15 mm long. From the similar Draba temmonii S. Wats,
and D. oyetomorpha Pays, this species may be separated by its winged seeds
and stellate pubescence.

Flowering from June to August,

HABITAT: Loose hillsides and slopes of decomposed granite. Associated

plants: Tsuga mertensiana3 Pinus murrayana, P. albicaulis3 P.
montieola, and Abies oonoolor. Elevation: 21 75~3260 m (8900-10,700 ft)

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Washoe County, Nevada. California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: State of Nevada, USFS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Disturbance of unstable slopes by recreation-

a 1 act i vi t i es .

REMARKS : The full range of Draba asterophora var. asterophora should be de¬
termined. Natural forces could disturb the unstable slopes possi¬
bly more than man does.

DRABA CRASS I FOL IA var. NEVADENSIS

DRABA CRASS I FOLIA R. Grah. var. NEVADENSIS C. L. Hitchc.

Arc Dome D raba

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Draba erassifolia var. nevadensis C. L. Hitchcock, Uni¬
versity of Washington Publications in Biology, 2:105.
1941. Type: Hitchcock and Martin, N of Arc Dome, Nye County, Nevada, 7000 ft,
1 August 1939- The common name was chosen because the type specimen was col¬
lected near Arc Dome.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low biennial or perennial with one or several crowns and one
to several pubescent stems 2 to 20 cm (0.8 to 8 in) tall. The
1 inear-spatulate or slightly wider leaves are 10 to 25 mm (0.4 to 1 in) long
and lightly pubescent.

The yellow flowers are borne on 3 to 20 flowered i nforescences with one or two
leaves on the stem. The sepals are 1 mm long while the petals average 2 to 3
mm in length. The flowers are borne on pubescent individual flower stalks 2 to
10 mm long.

The capsules are narrowly elliptic to somewhat lanceolate, 5 to 12 mm long,
and densely pubescent with short simple hairs.

Draba densifolia Nutt, is a similar linear leaved species but has nearly hair¬
less stems, leafless flowering stems, bigger flowers, and capsules pubescent
with both simple and stellate hairs.

Flowering from May to August.

HABITAT : Rocky places along a creek; alpine fell fields. Associated plants:

Artemisia tridentata and Grayia spinosa. Elevation: 1585-3505 m
(5200-11,500 ft) .

KNOV/N DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: State of Nevada and USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS : Until more is known about the edaphic requirements and abundance of

this taxon, it is impossible to evaluate its status. A search should
be made to determine its distribution and the threats, if any, to it. It is
apparently rare in Nevada.

DRABA JAEGER I

DRABA JAEGERI Munz & Johnston
Jaeger Draba

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND H I STORY : Dvaba jaegevi Munz & Johnston, Bulletin of the Torrey

Botanical Club, 56:164. 1929- Type: Jaeger, Charles¬
ton (Spring) Mountains, Clark Co., Nevada, 11,000 ft, 26 June 1926. This spe¬
cies was named for Edmund C. Jaeger who collected the type specimen.

DESCRIPTION: A clumped perennial with narrowly obovate leaves 4 to 6 mm long

and 3 to 4 mm wide. They are pubescent with stellate hairs, have
marginal hairs and a grayish cast.

The inflorescence i s 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) long with a cluster of white flow¬
ers 1 to 1.5 cm long. Individual flowers have purplish, pubescent sepals 2.5 mm

long and petals 5 to 6 mm long.

The individual capsule stalks are 4 to 6 mm long while the capsules are flat¬
tened and densely stellate-pubescent and 4 to 6 mm long.

This Dvaba can be separated from similar appearing species by the leafless in¬
florescence stalks, stellate pubescence, relatively wide leaves, seeds without
wings, and particularly by the relatively long (2 mm) style.

Flowering from June to August.

HABITAT: Rock crevices; among broken limestone rocks, and on gravelly slopes.

Associated plants: Pinus longaeva; or above timberline with Ivesia
cvyptocaul'is , Sphaevomevia compacta, Oxytvopis oveophila } and Aquilegia soopu-
tovum. Elevation: 2990-3580 m (9810-11,740 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1 979 ) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Free roaming horses and foot-traffic on un¬
stable slopes. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The expanding population in southern Nevada will increase the impact

on plants in the Spring Mountains.

DRABA PAUCiFRUCTA

DRABA PAUCIFRUCTA Clokey & C.L. Hitchc.

Charleston Draba

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Draba paucifructa Clokey & C.L. Hitchc., Madrono, 5:127-

1939- Type: Clokey, Charleston (Spring) Mountains,
Clark County, Nevada, 3 1 80 m, 3 August 1938. The specific name, paucifructa,
refers to the few fruits of this species.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low perennial with one to several crowns of leaves, with each
crown giving rise to one to four glabrous stems. The leaves are
mostly in basal rosettes, obovate or slightly narrower, with entire edges or
faintly toothed, 3 to 15 mm long and densely pubescent with stellate hairs.

The elongate inflorescence bears relatively few flowers (3 to 12), on individ¬
ual flower stalks 1 to 5 mm long. The pubescent sepals are 1.5 mm long and
the white petals are almost spatulate and about 2.5 mm long. Characteristically
the petals are light yellow as the flower begins to open, but this color is soon
lost .

The capsules are 1 i nea r- 1 anceol ate to slightly broader and 5 to 1 1 mm long with
a very short style at the tip (0.1 to 0.3 mm).

This species differs from the similar D. crassifolia R. Grah. in that the latter
has leaves which are smooth or only sparsely hairy and flowers which are yellow
when fully open and turn white only upon fading. D. stendoba Ledeb. differs
in being an annual or short-lived perennial with pubescent stems and yellow flow¬
ers .

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT: Moist places, rock ledges, seep areas. Associated plants: Heuchera

rubesoenSj Dodecatheon jeffreyi var. reddens 3 and growing near Finns
longaeva and P. flexilis. Elevation: 2710-3^70 m (8900-11,380 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979)-

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the area in the Spring

Mountains where these plants grow. Proposed

MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS: The expanding population in southern Nevada will increase the impact

on the plants in the Spring Mountains.

DRABA STENOLOBA var. RAMOSA

DRABA STENOLOBA Ledeb. var. RAMOSA C.L. Hitchc.

Carson Range Draba

FAMJMLY: Brassicaceae (Cruci ferae) -- Mustard Family

C I TATI ON AND H 1 STORY : Dvaba stenoloba var. varnosa C.L. Hitchcock, University

of Washington Publications in Biology, 11:102. 1941.
Synonym: Dvaba nemorosa var. macvocavpa Korshinsky (in part), as treated by
Schulz, Pf lanzenreich, I V : 3 1 3 - 1927- Type: Baker, about Marlette Lake, Washoe
County, NV , 19 July 1902. The specific name, vamosa, refers to the branched
stems of this variety.

DESCR I PT I ON : An annual, biennial, or perennial with a simple or branched root-
stock and mostly basal leaves which are obovate to oblanceolate
and 10 to 40 mm (0.4 to 1.6 in) long. The leaves are usually fine toothed and
densely pubescent with simple or forked hairs. Each leaf axil gives rise to a
branch.

The inflorescence bears 10 to 30 yellow to cream-colored flowers, with pubescent
sepals about 1.5 nim long and spatulate petals about 3 mm long.

The capsules are linear to linear-oblong, 8 to 12 mm long, and pubescent with
fine, short hairs.

From Dvaba stenoloba var. nana (O.E. Schulz) C.L. Hitchc. which occurs in the
same general area, this variety can be separated by its abundant branching char¬
acteristic, capsules which are finely pubescent rather than smooth or pubescent
with larger, stiff hairs, and individual capsule stalks which are generally
longer than the capsules in the lower part of the inflorescence.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Moist granitic sand, or grassy rills near a stream. Associated

plants: Dvaba stenoloba var. nana. Polygonum kelloggii-j Ranunculus
alismaefolius 3 and Juncus sp. Elevation: 2 1 35“ 3050 m (7000-10,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Douglas and Via shoe counties, Nevada. California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: State of Nevada, USFS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known .

REMARKS : Recent collections have extended the range of this inconspicuous Dvaba.

LESQUERELLA H ITCHCOCKI I

inn Canyon Range

V A A ^
.> C

Spring Mountains

LESQUERELLA HITCHCOCKI I Munz
Hitchcock Bladderpod

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Lesquevella hitchcockii Munz, Bulletin of the Torrey

Botanical Club, 56:163. 1929- Type: Jaeger and Hitch¬
cock, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, 10,500 ft, 1 Sep¬
tember 1927- Synonyms: Lesquevella hitchcockii ssp. confluens Maguire and
Holmgren (for plants of the Ouinn Canyon Range, Nye County, Nevada), Madrono,
11:172. 1951. L. confluens (Maguire and Holmgren) Reveal, Great Basin Natural¬
ist, 30:96. 1970. Both the specific name, hitchcockii , and the common name
honor C. Leo Hitchcock, one of the collectors of the type specimen.

DESCRIPTION: A small perennial pubescent with stellate hairs on both stems and
leaves. The rootstock produces a number of unbranched stems 1 to
A cm (0.A to 1.6 in) long. The spatulate to oblanceolate leaves are 2 to A mm
wide and 6 to 12 mm long.

The flowering stems are 1 to 1 . 5 cm (0.A to 0.6 in) long and bear a few pale
yellow flowers with petals 5 to 7 mm long. The fruit is a subglobose capsule
which is reddish, smooth, and 3 to A mm long. The seeds number 2 to A i n each
half of the capsule.

A taxonomic problem exists with the two closely related, but geographically sep¬
arate, forms of this taxon shown in the drawings. Plants from the Grant, Ouinn
Canyon, and Schell Creek ranges (which have been referred to L. confluens) dif¬
fer in forming large mats, with leaves 10 to 2A mm (0.A to 1 in) long and only
1 to 3 mm wide and styles A to 6 mm long compared to styles 3 to A. 5 mm in plants
from the Sheep Range and the Spring Mountains. Rollins and Shaw (1973) do not
recognize the subspecies.

Flowering from June to August.

HAB I TAT : Loose limestone, rocky, gravelly soil, talus slopes. Associated

plants: Pinus monophylla, P. pondevosa 3 P. longaeva , Abies concolov,
and Artemisia nova. Elevation: 2130-3510 m (7000-11,500 ft).

KNOWN D I STR I BUT ION: Clark, Nye, and White Pine counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the area where Lesquevella

hitchcockii has been found in the Spring Moun¬
tains. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : These plants are widely distributed in remote areas so that at pre¬
sent there is no real threat to their survival regardless of whether
they are considered to be a single taxon or two separate entities.

RORIPPA SUBUMBELLATA

RORIPPA SUBUMBELLATA Rollins
Tahoe Yellow-cress

FAMILY: Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Rorippa subumbellata Rollins, Contributions from the

Dudley Herbarium, 3:177- 19^1- Type: Heller, Meek's
Bay, Lake Tahoe, El Dorado County, CA, 29 July 1919- The inflorescence in
this species is relatively short, although still technically a raceme, and it
appears, because of the cluster of flowers, to be somewhat umbellate, hence
the specific name, subumbeHata.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial herb with pubescent sprawling branches 5 to 15 cm

(2 to 6 in) in length. The leaves vary from pubescent to smooth
and are broadly oblanceolate or oblong and subp i nna t i f i d .

The short, almost umbellate inflorescence bears yellow flowers with smooth
to hairy sepals 2.3 to 2.8 mm long and somewhat spatulate petals 2.7 to 3-^
mm long.

The fruiting capsule varies from oblong to nearly globose and is from 3-5 to
5-5 mm long. The capsules may be either smooth or pubescent at maturity.

The style is 0.7 to 1.5 mm long and has an unexpanded stigma.

The pubescent stems, petals longer than the sepals, prostrate habit and fleshy
leaves under 3 cm long readily separate this mustard from any others likely to
be found in the area. Although similar to R. sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc., this
latter species is readily separated by its larger leaves and flowers, hairless
stems, linear-oblong capsules (7 to 1^ mm long), as well as glabrous stems.

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT : Sandy beach, close to the lake. Associated plants: Junaus balticus,

Rhacelia hastata var. hastata _, Carex douglasii 3 Potentitla gtandulosa,
Verbascum thapsus} Satix sp., Arnica sp., and Rumex sp. Elevation: 1920 m

(6300 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Douglas and Washoe counties, Nevada. El Dorado and Placer

counties, California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 February 1978);

endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979); threatened (Mozingo
and Willi ams ) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: State of Nevada and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Shifting sands and heavy recreational use of

the beaches.

REMARKS: An intensive search of the beaches of Lake Tahoe has disclosed popu¬
lations of this taxon not previously known, hence the threat to it
is not nearly as great. However, the small population on State of Nevada land
in Douglas County should be given protection.

SMELOWSKI A HOLMGREN I I

SMELOWSKI A HOLMGREN I I Rollins
Holmgren Smelowskia

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Smelowskia holmgrenii Rollins, Contributions from the

Gray Herbarium, 171:50. 1950. Type: A. Holmgren and
C. Ballenger, Toquima Range, Nye Co., NV, 10,000 ft, 4 Aug 1947- This cru¬
cifer is named for Arthur H. Holmgren, one of the collectors of the type.

DESCR I PT I ON : A tufted perennial with a branching crown, each crown topped with
a stiffly erect cluster of lanceolate to 1 i near- 1 anceol ate leaves
2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) long. The blade tapers gradually into the petiole and
is hairless except for a few hairs along the margin. There are only several
stem leaves and these are linear and 1 to 2 cm long.

The inflorescence bears white flowers with spatulate petals 3-5 to 4.5 mm long.
Individual flower stalks are smooth and 3 to 8 mm long. The linear-oblong and
purplish sepals are about 2 mm long.

The capsules are borne in erect fashion and are linear-oblong and tapering at
both ends, and only slightly flattened. At maturity they are purplish and 5 to
12 mm long. The seeds are brown, wingless, and about 2 mm long.

Superficially, this species might be considered similar to some of the white-
flowered Arabis species, but the stiff, erect and hairless leaves and capsules
which are not flattened easily distinguish S. holmgrenii. Similarly, it can be
readily separated from other rock inhabiting mustards such as Draba by these
same cha racte r i s t i cs , and notably by capsules which are narrow and long rather
than three times or less longer than wide as is true of Draba.

Flowering from June to August.

HABITAT: Cliffs and talus of schist, crevices in calcareous rocks. Associated

plants: Heuchera rubesoens 3 Leuoopoa kingii, Eolodisous dumosus }
Mertensia oblongifolia 3 Senecio oanus , Erigeron oompositus 3 Ribes oereum } and
Selaainella watsonii. Elevation: 1980-3350 m (6500-11,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lander and Nye counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Possibly extinct (1975 FR) ; endangered (1976 FT?); threatened (Reno T/E
Workshop, 9 Feb 1979); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS : Extensive field work has found Smelowskia holmgrenii to be widely

distributed within a limited area. Its habit of growing in rock
crevices offers natural protection.

STREPTANTHUS OL I GAN THUS Rollins
Few Flowered Streptanthus

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Streptanthus oliganthus Rollins, Contributions from the

Dudley Herbarium, 3-372. 1946. Type: Wiggins and Rol¬
lins, NW of Masonic, Mono County, California, 8100 ft, 3 August 1945- The spe¬
cific name, oliganthus , means few flowered.

DESCR I PT I ON: A perennial with one or a few stems from the base, usually un¬
branched. The leaves and stems are glaucous and lack any pubes¬
cence except for a few hairs along the petiole margin of the basal leaves. The
basal leaves are lanceolate to oblanceolate and 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3-2 in) long.
The stem leaves are smaller with the uppermost becoming sessile and sagittate.

The inflorescence is relatively few flowered with flowers bearing 1 to 1 . 5 cm
long petals with purple tips and paler below. The sepals are oblong, purple,
smooth, and 6 to 10 mm long.

The capsules are smooth, flattened, straight or nearly so, and 4 to 7 cm (1.6 to
2.8 in) long. The seeds are flat, circular, and winged, and about 2 mm broad'.

The key diagnostic characters for this species are the essential lack of pubes¬
cence, perennial aspect, sagittate-clasping upper stem leaves, and relatively
large purplish flowers. From the similar S. eordatus Nutt, which may be found
in the same area, it may be separated by its slender stems which reach a height
of 4 dm (16 in) while S. eordatus has stout stems which range from 3 to 8 dm
(12 to 32 in) in height.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Rocky slopes, andesite soil; often in litter under trees. Associ¬
ated plants: Pinus monophylla _, Juniperus osteosperma3 Artemisia tri-
dentata, Phoenieaulis eheiranthoides 3 Arabis spp. , and grasses. Elevation:
2135-2500 m (7000-8200 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Mineral County, Nevada. Mono County, California.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: M i n i ng act i v i ty . Wood-cutting.

REMARKS : Streptanthus oliganthus is only known from a very small area in Ne¬
vada. Until more is known about its distribution and abundance, it
is difficult to determine its status.

THELYPOD I UM SAGITTATUM var. OVALIFOLIUM

THELYPOD I UM SAGITTATUM (Nutt.) Endl. var. OVALIFOLIUM (Rydb.) Al-Shehbaz

Oval Leaf Thelypody

FAM I LY : Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) -- Mustard Family

CITATION AND H I STORY : Thelypodium sagittatum var. ovali folium (Rydb.) Al-

Shehbaz, Contributions from the Gray Herbarium, 204:

121. 1973. Synonym: Thelypodium ovalifolium Rydberg, Bulletin of the Torrey
Botanical Club, 30:253. 1903. Type: M.E. Jones, Panguitch Lake, Utah. 1894.

Both the common name and the varietal name refer to the shape of the leaves.

DESCRIPTION: An herbaceous biennial with one or several stems from the base.

The basal leaves are smooth or pubescent and ovate to oblanceo-
late or oblong in shape, and 2 to 20 cm (0.8 to 8 in) long. The stem leaves
are smaller and clasping at the base.

The inflorescence is loosely flowered and has white to purplish flowers with
petals 5 to 7.5 rnm long. The sepals are 3 to 4.5 mm long.

The fruiting capsules are 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) long.

This species can be separated from the other thelypodiums with clasping stem
leaves likely to be found in the same area by petal and sepal lengths, sup¬
porting stalks of the individual fruits which are horizontal or ascending, and
capsules which are generally erect.

Flowering from May to July.

HABITAT : Clay soils, by springs, streams, or lakes. Associated plants: Elymus

cinereus 3 Urtica holosericea 3 Soli dago spectabilis 3 Arctium lappa 3
Smilacina stellata3 Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana3 Castilleja exilis3 Salix sd.,
and Chrysothamnus viscidi floras . Elevation: 1 830-2560 m (6000-8400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko and White Pine counties, Nevada. Garfield and Iron.

counties, Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This thelypody is not abundant at any of the sites where it has been
found .

CORYPHANTHA VIVIPARA var. ROSEA

• •

CORYPHANTHA V I V I PARA (Nutt.) Britt. & Rose var. ROSEA (Clokey) L. Benson

Clokey Pincushion Cactus

FAM I LY : Cactaceae -- Cactus Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea (Clokey) L. Benson, Cac¬
ti of Arizona, 3:26. 1969- Synonym: C. rosea Clokey,
Madrono, 7:75- 1943- Type: Clokey, Charleston (Spring) Mtns., Clark Co., NV,
2400 m. The varietal name, rosea, refers to the color of the flowers.

DESCRIPTION: A globular to ovoid cactus 4 to 15 cm (1.6 to 6 in) high. The

dense spines hide the individual tubercles which are 10 to 15 mm
(0.4 to 0.6 in) long and grooved along the upper side. The plants occasional¬
ly branch at the base.

The spines on each tubercle number 25 to 35, with the spines characteristically
tipped with a brownish-red or darker color. The white radial spines are 16 to
25 mm (0.6 to 1 in) long. The 10 to 12 central spines are 19 to 25 mm long.

The pink to sometimes purplish flowers form a circle near the top of the plant
and are 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2 in) wide when fully open. The reddish fruit is 2
to 2.5 cm (0.8 to 1 in) long.

The similar var. arizoniea (Engelm.) W.T. Marshall can be separated by radial
spines which number 20 to 30 compared to the 12 to 18 for var. rosea. Var.
alversonii (Coulter) L. Benson also has pink f 1 owe rs which are so mew ha t small
er than those of var. rosea. Also, the 8 to 10 central spines are shorter (1.3
to 1.6 cm) than those of var. rosea. Var. desertii (Engelm.) W.T. Marshall has
ye 1 low-green or pink flowers and only 4 to 6 short central spines, the 12 to 20
radial spines are less than half the thickness of those of var. rosea. Pedio—
eaotus simpsonii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, which grows in the same locale, has
no groove on the upper side of each tubercle.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly limestone or volcanic slopes and brushy hillsides. Associ¬
ated plants: Pinus monophylia, Juniperus utahensis, Ceroearpus ledi-
folius3 Artemisia nova, Coleogyne ramosissima. Ephedra nevadensis _, and Cowania

mexioana var. stansburiana. Elevation: 11 60-2740 m (3800-9000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark, Eureka, Lincoln, Nye, and White Pine counties,

Nevada. Arizona and California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 ER) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range),

DOE (Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range),

USFS, USFWS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Commercial and private collectors. Off-road

vehicles. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Although this cactus is widely distributed, it is not abundant at
any one location. This cactus is prized by collectors.

OPUNTIA WHIPPLEI var. M U LT I G E N I C U L ATA

OPUNTIA WHIPPLEI Engelm. S Bigelow var. MULT I GEN I CULATA (Clokey) L. Benson

Many Jointed Whipple Choi la

FAM I LY : Cactaceae -- Cactus Family

ORIGINAL CITATION AND HISTORY: Opuntia whipplei var. multigenieulata (Clokey)

L. Benson, Arizona Cactus, ed. 3:20, 38, 39*

1968. Synonyms: Cylindvopuntia abyssi (Hester) Backeb. Cactac. : Handb. Kak-
teenk. i. 184. 1958. C. multigenieulata (Clokey) Backeb. l.c. 186. 0. abyssi

Hester, Cactus & Succ. Journ. (US) , 15:193- 1943- 0. multigenioulata Clokey,

Madrono, 7:69. 1943- Type: Clokey, E of Wilson's ranch, Charleston (Spring)
Mountains, Clark County, NV, 1400 m, 13 July 1939- The specific name: rrrulti-
geniculata, means having many joints.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low chol la-type pricky pear generally less than 0.5 m (20 in)

tall. The tubercles are closely placed on the crowded, 2 cm

(0.8 in) thick lateral joints. Individual areoles are woolly with a tan color
and have about 12 spines. The crowded spines from adjacent areoles nearly con¬
ceal the actual surface of the stems. The central spines on each areole are
1.5 to 1.8 cm (0.6 to 0.7 in) long. The glochids on each areole are white and
about 1.5 mm 1 ong .

The greenish-yellow flowers are succeeded by the somewhat fleshy, spineless,
yellow fruits.

This species somewhat resembles Opuntia eehirioearpa Engelm. S Bigelow, but dif¬
fers in that it has weaker, less woody and more crowded stems and has fleshy

rather than dry fruits. Additionally, 0. eahinocarpa is not known to occur in

the only locale in Nevada known for this cactus. From 0. whipplei var. whipplei
which also is not known from the area, it can be separated by its thicker, short¬
er, more crowded and thickly armed joints.

Flowering in May, in young fruit in July.

HAB I TAT : Open rocky or sandy ridges. Associated plants: Lavvea tvid.entata,

Eahinoaeveus engelmanii , Feroeaetus aeanthodes 3 Opuntia aeanthocarpa s
and 0. erinacea. Elevation: 1400-1425 m (4600-4675 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Mohave County, Arizona.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1 979 ) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Collecting for horticultural purposes.

REMARKS : Although this cactus has been found to be more abundant in Arizona
than in Nevada, Mozingo and Williams feel that it should be re¬
tained as threatened. More field work needs to be done on the range of this
taxon .

SCLEROCACTUS P 0 L Y A NC I ST R U S

SCLEROCACTUS P 0 L Y AN C I S T RU S (Engelm. S Bigelow) Britton & Rose

Mojave Fishhook Cactus

FAM I LY : Cactaceae -- Cactus Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Sderooadus polyandstrus (Engelm. & Bigelow) Brit¬
ton & Rose, Cactaceae, 3:213- 1922. Synonym: Eehi-
nooaotus polyandstrus Engelm. & Bigelow, Proceedings of the American Acad¬
emy of Arts and Sciences, 3:272. 1856. Type: At the head of the Mojave
River, eastern slope of the California mountains. The specific name, poly¬
andstrus, meaning many fishhooks, refers to the spines.

DESCRIPTION: An erect globular to oblong cactus reaching a height of 4 dm
(16 in), although generally much shorter. There are 13 to 17
strongly undulate ribs with the areoles 1 to 1 . 5 cm apart. Each of the lat¬
ter bears about 20 spines with white radial ones 1 to 2.5 cm long and sev¬
eral central spines up to 12.5 cm (5 in) long. The upper central spines
are white and flattened while the remainder are circular in cross section
and are often hooked.

The purplish to red flowers are about 8 cm (3-2 in) long. The fruit initially
is fleshy and bright magenta but eventually becomes dry, tan, and thin walled.

The long hooked spines on this species easily distinguish it from other sim¬
ilar sized small barrel cacti found in the same area, such as Neolloydia john-
sonii (Parry) L. Benson. The much smaller, hooked-spine Mcortmillaria tetran-
dstra Engelm. has tubercles, rather than ribs, on which the spines are borne.

Flowering in May.

HAB I TAT : Desert flats, mesas, rocky slopes and knolls. Associated plants:

Atriplex oonf erti folia 3 Ceratoides lanata3 Pinus monophylla3 Juni-
perus osteosperma 3 Artemisia tridentata 3 Larrea tridentata 3 and sometimes
Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea. Elevation: 610-1920 m (2000-6300 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Esmeralda, Mineral, and Nye counties, Nevada. Arizona

and Cal i forn i a .

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT:
and private.

BLM, D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range),
DOE (Nevada Test Site and Tonopah Test Range),

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Removal by commercial and private collectors.

Off-road vehicles. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Salerooaetus polyandstrus is a very desirable cactus, but, unfortun¬
ately, seems to be very difficult to keep in cultivation. In the
wild, plants are widely scattered with only a very few plants in any given area.

SCLEROCACTUS PUBISPINUS

SCLEROCACTUS PUBISPINUS (Engelm.) L. Benson
Great Basin Fishhook Cactus

FAM I LY : Cactaceae -- Cactus Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Solerocaotus pubispinus (Engelm.) L. Benson, Cactus

and Succulent Journal (U.S.), 38:103. 1966. Synonyms:
Eohinocaotus pubispinus Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 2:199* 1 863 .

E. whipplei var. spinosior Engelm., l.o.3 2:199- 1863- Solerocaotus whipplei
(Engelm. & Bigel.) Britt. & Rose var. spinosior Engelm. ex Boissevain, Colorado
Cacti, p. 51. 19^0. E. spinosior (Engelm.) Brandegee ex Purpus, Kakteenk., 10:
119- 1900. Type: Pleasant Valley, near Salt Lake Desert, May. The specific
name, pubispinus, describes the soft hairs on the spines.

DESCR I PT I ON : A small hemispherical cactus attaining 7-5 cm (3 in) in height
and 6.2 cm (2.5 in) in diameter. The spines at the ends of the
tubercles are densely pubescent in young plants, but glabrous in older examples

The spines are nearly all white, with the bases of some brown. The lower cen¬
tral spine and sometimes one or two others are hooked. The long central hooked
spine and two lateral centrals are noticeably flattened at the base with the
hooked spine conspicuously longer than the others. The radial spines are white
number up to 8 per areole, with the longer ones reaching a length of 2.5 cm
(1 in).

The reddish-purple flowers are about 2.5 cm (l in) in length and diameter and
oroduce a reddish fruit which is dry at maturity and about 9 mm (0.4 in) long.

There are no other hooked-spine cacti in the area of Nevada where S. pubispinus
occurs, so that confusion with any other cactus is unlikely.

Flowering in May.

HAB I TAT : Rocky dolomite or quartzite soil. Associated plants: sagebrush-
pi nyon-j un i per and Atriplex spp. Elevation: 1525-1830 m (5000-

6000 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko and White Pine counties, Nevada. Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Commercial or private collectors for horticul¬
tural purposes. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS: This cactus is not abundant in Nevada.

ARENARIA KINGII (S. Wats.) M.E. Jones ssp. ROSEA Maguire

Rosy King Sandwort

FAMILY: Caryophy 1 1 aceae -- Pink Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Arenaria kingii ssp. rosea Maguire, Bulletin of the

Torrey Botanical Club, 73=326. 1946. Type: Clokey,
Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, 2600 m, 4 August 1935-
The rose-colored petals of the flowers give this plant its common name and
the name of the subspecies, rosea.

DESCR I PT I ON : A few-flowered, few-stemmed perennial with a woody root-stock
reaching a height of 1 to 2 dm (4 to 8 In). The few-leaved
slender stems are glandular-pubescent. Most of the leaves are basal, 1 to
2 cm long and needle-shaped.

The pink flowers have sepals 3-6 to 4.5 mm long which are shorter than the
petals. The sepals are glandular-pubescent and have a broad translucent
margin.

Capsules 4.5 to 6.3 mm long are produced.

When in flower, this species is easily separated from any other arenaria
likely to be found in the same area by means of its pink flowers. Addi¬
tionally, it typically has fewer stems than the other subspecies of A.
kingii. From the other narrow- 1 eaved arenarias the species may be sepa¬
rated by its relatively broad, but pointed sepals, open inflorescence,
and small stature. The similar A. maeradenia S. Wats, differs in being
twice as tall with sepals 4.5 to 6.0 mm long.

Flowering from June to early August.

HAB I TAT: Dry rocky hillsides, limestone ridges. Associated plants: Pinus
flexiliSj P. ponderosa var. seoputorum3 Penstemon keekii _, and
Townsendia jonesii var. tumulosa. Elevation: 1800-2880 m (5905-9445 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the area where these

plants grow. Proposed MX system (indirect¬
ly).

REMARKS : The expanding population in southern Nevada will increase the im¬
pact on plants in the Spring Mountains.

ARENARIA STENOMERES

ARENARIA STENOMERES Eastwood
Meadow Valley Range Sandwort

FAMILY: Ca ryophy 1 1 aceae -- Pink Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Avenavia stenomeves Eastwood, Leaflets of Western

Botany, 4:63- 19AA. Type: Ripley and Barneby,

south end of the Meadow Valley Range, Lincoln County, Nevada, 19 May 19AA.
The narrow petals and leaves are the character for the specific name, steno¬
meves .

DESCR I PT I ON : A densely clumped perennial 10 to 20 cm (A to 8 in) tall with
smooth stems and with the lower nodes each bearing three
leaves. The very narrow, linear, hairless leaves are erect, 2 to 2.5 cm
(0.8 to 1 in) long, rigid, and taper gradually to a sharp point. The base
of the leaf is dilated.

The inflorescence is intermediate between a cyme and a panicle and bears
small white flowers with narrow, linear petals about 1 mm wide which exceed
the sepals in length by 2 or 3 mm. The sepals and pedicels are moderately
to very stipitate glandular; the sepals are ovate with a tapered point and
are longer than the mature capsules. The flowers have 10 stamens with
threadlike stalks about 3 mm long.

The mature capsule is ovoid, obtuse, and about A mm long.

This species is distinguished from related forms primarily by the taper-
pointed sepals, linear petals, and sepals which exceed the mature capsule
i n 1 ength .

F 1 owe ring in May .

HABITAT: Barren limestone cliffs and steep rocky slopes. Associated

plants: Lepidium^ fvemontii and Sphaevatoea ambigua. Eleva¬
tion: 1005-1100 m (3300 3600* ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of Forestry
(lA Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : This Avenavia has been rarely collected, however, it grows in very

inaccessible areas. Other similar sites should be searched to de¬
termine the full range of this plant.

SILENE CLOKEYI

SILENE CLOKEYI C.L. Hitchc. & Maguire
C 1 okey Si 1 ene

FAM I LY : Ca ryophy 1 1 aceae -- Pink Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Silene olokeyi C.L. Hitchc. & Maguire, University of

Washington Publications in Biology, 13:33. 19^+7- Type:
Clokey, Charleston Peak, Clark Co., NV , 3400 m, 23 July 1937- This species
was named for Ira W. Clokey, the collector of the type specimen.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial which develops several rhizomes from a taproot, each

rhizome producing one or more 5 to 12 cm (2 to 4.8 in) tall stems
which are sparsely to moderately pubescent. The basal leaves are narrowly ob-
lanceolate while the stem leaves are linear-oblong to lanceolate and 1 to 2.5
cm long, and hairless to glandular, fine pubescent.

The flowering stems bear mostly a single flower which assumes a nodding posi¬
tion when the flower opens. The calyx is 12 to 15 mm long, somewhat inflated,
with 10 green nerves. The pink to rose-purple corolla consists of petals with
a narrow basal portion included within the calyx and an expanded upper blade
5 to 8 mm long which is bilobed for one-third to nearly all of its length.

This species resembles the common Silene sargentii S. Wats., but the latter
species differs in its harsher pubescence, narrower stem leaves (l to 2 mm
compared to 2 to 4 mm), dried basal leaf petioles adhering for several years,
a calyx which is only sparsely, not densely, glandular, and bilobed petal
blades only 2.5 to 3-5 mm long.

Flowering in July.

HAB I TAT : Among limestone rocks at timberline. Associated plants: Antennaria
soliceps, Erigevon olokeyi, Lesquerella hitohoookii , Draba jaegeri,
Ribes montiqenum, and Sphaeromeria oompaata. Elevation: 3400-3520 m (11,1 50 —
11,550 ft)/

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Free roaming horses. Foot-traffic on unstable

slopes. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Silene olokeyi is apparently one of the rarest of the high elevation
endemics in the Spring Mountains. The increasing population in
southern Nevada will increase the impact on the plants in this recreational
area.

SILENE SCAPOSA var. LOBATA

2 mm

SILENE SCAPOSA Robins, var. LOBATA Hitchc. & Maguire

Lobed Petal Silene

FAM 1 LY : Ca ryophy 1 1 aceae -- Pink Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Silene scaposa var. lobata Hitchc. & Maguire, Univer¬
sity of Washington Publications in Biology, 13*31 -
1947- Type: Macbride and Payson, Blaine County, Idaho, 10 July 1916. The
varietal name, lobata, and the common name both refer to the deeply lobed
petals of the flowers.

DESCRIPTION: A tufted perennial with many finely and densely pubescent

leaves and several stems which may reach 5 dm (20 in) in
height. The leaves are oblanceolate or narrowly lanceolate and 2 to 12 cm
(0.8 to 4.8 in) long. The stem leaves are reduced to one or two pairs of
greatly reduced linear structures.

The finely pubescent, glandular inflorescence is elongated and narrow and
supports many purplish or white flowers. The petals are narrow at the base
and much expanded above and 7 to 1 1 mm (0.3 to 0.4 in) long. The upper por¬
tion or blade is about 3 rnm long and deeply divided into four nearly equal
oblong lobes. Individual flower stalks vary from 5 to 45 mm (0.2 to 1.8 in)
long and support a calyx which is about 1 cm long, and possesses 10 evident
green nerves. The stamen filaments are pubescent and much expanded at the
base .

This Silene is easily separated from other Silene or Lychnis species which
might be found in the same area by the nearly leafless flowering stems,
characteristic widened, four-lobed petals, and pubescent stamen filaments.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly meadows and rocky hillsides. Associated plants: Sinus
monophylla, Juniperus osteospevma, Cercocarpus ledifolius 3 and
Artemsia sp. Elevation: 1710-2900 m (5600-9500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, Mineral, Nye, Washoe, and

White Pine counties, Nevada. Idaho and Oregon.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)*

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.
REMARKS: None.

FORSELLESIA PUNGENS var. GLABRA

FORSELLES IA PUNGENS (Bdg.) Heller var. GLABRA Ensign

Low Grease-bush

FAM I LY : C rossosoma taceae -- Crossosoma Family

CITATION AND H I STORY : Forsellesia pungens var. glabra Ensign, The American

Midland Naturalist, 27(2) :503- 1942. Type: Jaeger,

Clark Mountains, San Bernardino County, CA, 22 June 1930. The specific name,
pungens, refers to the hard sharp point which terminates each leaf.

DESCR I PT I ON : A clumped, shrubby plant with stems 8 to 9 cm (3-2 to 3-8 in)

tall. The oblong-elliptical leaves are 7 to 8 mm long, crowded
on the branches, glabrous, and tapering at each end. The leaf is tipped with
a short (l mm) spine.

The flowers terminate the stems or short lateral branchlets on pedicels that
are 3 to A mm long. The calyx consists of 5 broad, A mm long bracts with
toothed margins. There are five obovate- 1 anceol ate petals averaging 7 to
8 mm in length.

There are 2 or 3 pubescent carpels which develop into a firm, leathery seed
pod which opens along one side to release the single seed.

Our other species of Forsellesba are spiny, F. pungens is not. F. pungens
var. pungens differs in having scabrous-pubescent stems and leaves.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Vertical cliffs; limestone. Associated plants: sagebrush-p i nyon-
juniper and grasses. Elevation: 1220-1980 m (4000-6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. San Bernardino County, CA.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979); watch list (Reno T/E
Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979 ) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Very little is known about this taxon in Nevada, it should be

searched for.

DITAXIS D I VERS I FLORA ( ARG YT HAM N I A CYANOPHYLLA)

DITAXIS DIVERSIFLORA Clokey
(ARGYTHAMNIA CYANOPHYLLA [Woot. & Standi.] J. Ingram)

Si lverbush

FAM I LY : Euphorb i aceae -- Spurge Family

CITATION AND H I STORY : Ditaxis diver si flora Clokey, Southern California Academy

of Sciences Bulletin, 37:6. 1938. Synonyms: Ditaxis
ayanophylla Wooton & Standley, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 36:106.

1909. Argythamnia ayanophylla (Woot. & Standi.) J. Ingram, Bulletin of the Tor¬
rey Botanical Club, 80:423. 1953- Type: Clokey, Charleston Park, Charleston
(Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, 2280 m, 24 May 1937- The common
name, si lverbush, is a translation of the name of the genus, Argythamnia.

DESCRIPTION: A many stemmed perennial with smooth, but dull stems which tend
to become red or blue-green striped on drying. The prominently
veined sessile leaves have only a few marginal hairs near the base and are about
5 mm long.

The staminate and pistillate flowers are separate on the same plant, with the
staminate flowers having petals which are white, tinged with red or light yellow.
The petals as well as the granular sepals are about 5 mm long. There are 10 sta¬
mens with red filaments fused into a tube. The pistillate flowers are similar,
however, with slightly smaller petals which are rarely tinged with red. The ova¬
ry has a few appressed hairs and dries to blue color.

Formerly, Ditaxis diversiflora was separated on the basis of minor differences
in flower color, seed characteristics, and sepal shape among other things.

There is no valid basis for separating D. diversiflora from D. ayanophylla.

The most recent revision classifies Ditaxis as belonging to the genus Argytham¬
nia. The other members of the genus, except one, likely to be found in the
same area are pubescent, while the one smooth species, Argythamnia calif omica
Brandegee has much larger leaves that are petioled.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Brushy, south facing slopes. Associated plants: Pinus ponderosa3
Queraus gambelii3 Ceraoaarpus ledifolius3 and Euphorbia robusta.

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Arizona and New Mexico.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); deleted (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)*

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFWS, private, and possibly USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Heavy recreational use of the habitat in the

Spring Mountains. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : This taxon was believed to be endemic to the Spring Mountains, but
recently it has been found in the Desert National Wildlife Range.

Because it is considered to be synonymous with Argythamnia ayanophylla which
has a wide distribution, it was deleted at the latest T/E Workshop. It is
believed that this taxon has been extirpated from the Kyle Canyon area. It
should be searched for in other parts of the Spring Mountains.

ASTRAGALUS AEQUALIS

ASTRAGALUS AEQUALIS Clokey'

Clokey Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus aequalis Clokey, Madrono, 6:215- 1942.

Type: Clokey, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark

County, Nevada, 2200 m, 4 June 1937- The specific name, aequalis , means
equal, referring to the pod's subsymmetr i ca 1 1 y convex edges.

DESCR I PT I ON : An erect perennial which attains a height of 70 cm (28 in),
with stems marked with fine longitudinal lines and clothed
with stiff, appressed, straight hairs. The leaves are 6 to 12 cm (2.4 to
4.8 in) long, with usually 11 leaflets that are narrowly lanceolate linear
to linear. The leaflets are blunt-tipped and clothed with hairs similar
to those on the stem. The stipules at the petiole base are narrowly tri¬
angular and average about 2 to 3 mm in length.

The simple, elongate inflorescence extends above the leaves and bears from
6 to 12 yellow flowers, which are individually about 1 cm long. The calyx
tube is 4 to 4.5 mm long and the awl-shaped or narrowly triangular calyx
teeth are only about one-third to one-fourth the length of the calyx tube.
The upper petal is about 12 mm (0.5 in) long and ovate or subcircular in
shape. The lateral petals are slightly shorter.

The fruiting pods are sessile, considerably inflated and from 3-5 to 4 cm
(1.4 to 1.6 in long). The ripe pods are straw-colored to brownish and may
be speckled with purplish brown on the side exposed to the sun. The top
and bottom faces of the pods are equally convex, and the pods carry the
calyces with them when they are shed.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT: Dry gravelly hillsides and open ridges, limestone. Associated

plants: Juniperus utahensis, Cerococarpus ledifolius 3 Pinus
monophylla, and P. ponderosa var. saopulorum; this Astragalus often shel¬
ters under low Artemisia. Elevation: 1800-2560 m ( 5905 ~ 8400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS:
system (indirectly).

Increased visitor use in recreation areas
where this taxon is found. Proposed MX

REMARKS: A search should be made to determine the full distribution of

Astragalus aequalis.

• •i

ASTRAGALUS ALVORDENSIS

ASTRAGALUS ALVORDENSIS Jones
Alvord Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus alvordensis Jones, Contributions to West¬
ern Botany, 10:67- 1902. Type: Cusick, Alvord

Valley, Oregon, 18 June 1901. Both the common name and the specific name,
alvordensis, come from the type location.

DESCR I PT I ON: A perennial with very slender and ascending, grayish stems
to 30 cm (12 in) long. The stems and leaves are pubescent
with twisted, short hairs from 0.2 to 0.5 mm long. The compound leaves are
composed of 1 1 to 21 narrow to broad leaflets with a notch at the rounded
apex of each leaflet. The lowermost stipules are papery in texture and 0.5
to 2.5 mm long, while the median and upper stipules are green and roughly
triangular in shape.

The inflorescence stalk is 1 to 3-5 cm (0.4 to 1.4 in) long and commonly
hangs below the subtending leaf. It is loosely 5 to 14 flowered with pale
lilac, whitish to yellowish veined flowers. The bracts at the base of each
pedicel are 0.5 to 1 mm long. The upper petal is curved at right angles
and i s 7 to 8 mm long. The lateral petals may be either slightly longer
or shorter, while the keel is shorter and about 5 mm in length. The calyx
is 2.5 to 3 mm long and possesses incurved white or partly black hairs.

The mature pod is pendulous on a stalk 2 to 9 mm long, and somewhat mottled.
The pod is strongly compressed, flat, and coiled through 1 . 5 to 2 spirals
and is 3 to 4 mm wide.

This species is somewhat similar to Astragalus speiroearpus (Gray) Rydb.
but the flowers are very different and the fruiting pedicel is much longer.

Flowering from May to July.

HAB I TAT : Rocky knolls, hillsides, gullies, and washes in areas of loose

sandy soils of volcanic origin. Associated plants: Sareobatus-
Atriplex- Artemisia zone; Grayia spinosa _, Chrysothccrmus nauseosus, Cymopterus
purpuraseens , C. corrugatus , Leucocrinum montanum, Monolepis pusilla, and
TPhaeelia gyrrmoolada. Elevation: 1065_l645 m (3500-5400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Humboldt County, Nevada. Oregon.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FT?) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS: None.

ASTRAGALUS BEATLEYAE

ASTRAGALUS BEAT L E YAE Barneby
Beatley Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus beatley ae Barneby, Aliso, 7:161. 1970.

Type: Reveal and Beatley, Pahute Mesa Rd . , Nye

County, Nevada, 6200 ft, 30 May 1968. This species is named in honor of
Janice C. Beatley, one of the original collectors.

DESCRIPTION: A dwarf, loosely caespitose perennial, pubescent with

straight appressed short hairs. Stems are prostrate, branch
repeatedly from the base, and are up to 13 cm (5 in) long. The several
stems from the tap root form a circular mat 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 in) in
d i a meter .

The 1.5 to 3-5 cm (0.6 to 1.4 in) long leaves have 5 to 9 emarginate leaf¬
lets spaced over a short rachis.

Racemes have 2 to 7 flowers with blue-violet petals and with the upper
petal or banner abruptly curved backwards through 60° to 80° .

The fruiting pod is b 1 addery- i nf 1 ated , 7 to 14 mm (0.3 to 0.6 in) long
with a small straight or curved beak. The pods are either pale green or
minutely purple speckled and minutely pubescent.

This species differs from Astragalus gilmani Tidest. in its appressed pu¬
bescence and less numerous leaflets. From A. geyeri Gray it can be dis¬
tinguished by its perennial habit and the smaller whitish flowers of the
former. From A. sabulonum Gray it can be separated by the incurved pods
of the former which are clothed with spreading hairs.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT: Areas of shallow gravelly soil in open flat volcanic bedrock.

Associated plants: Artemisia nova 3 Pinus monophylla3 and Ju-
niperus osteosperma. Elevation: 1705-2075 rn (5600-6800 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FT?); endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2

Nov 1979). Listed as critically endangered, Nevada Division of
Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit re-
qu i red .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: DOE (Nevada Test Site).

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Destruction of habitat by land clearing

for construction. Off-road vehicles.

REMARKS: The populations of Astragalus beatleyae should be monitored.

ASTRAGALUS CALLITHRIX Barneby
Callaway Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus aallithrix Barneby, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 3:103. 1942. Type: Ripley and Barneby, north¬
eastern Nye County, Nevada, 5150 ft, 26 May 1941. The specific name, calli-
thrix, refers to the beautiful hairs on the pods. This milk-vetch was first
collected near Callaway which is a former name for Currant, Nevada.

DESCR I PT I ON : A short-stemmed or nearly stemless perennial with densely white
tomentose stems and leaves. Stems few and 1 to 6 cm (0.4 to
2.4 in) long with 2 to 8 cm (0.8 to 3-2 in) long leaves with 9 to 19 broad
leaflets which are obtuse or emarginate and 2 to 13 rnm long.

The flowering peduncles are shorter than the leaves and bear 5 to 15 pinkish-
purple flowers that are arranged loosely or sometimes more compactly in a ra¬
ceme. The lateral petals are narrow and linear oblong or linear lanceolate
in shape. The purplish calyx is 7 to 13 nim long.

The fruiting pods are ascending or spreading, 1 to 1.6 cm (0.4 to 0.6 in)
long, 5 to 7-5 mm in diameter and strongly compressed at right angles to the
partition. The pods are covered with fine, shiny, spreading, and straight
or twisted hairs up to 2.5 mm long.

This species can be distinguished from the related Astragalus marianus (Rydb.)
Barneby which, unlike this species, does not occur on dunes, by its more num¬
erous flowers in each raceme and by its deeper flower color. From the super¬
ficially similar A. utahensis (Torr.) T.&G. it can be recognized by its lack
of fine cottony pubescence on the pods. The similar A. newberryi Gray can
be distinguished by its fewer leaflets and its larger pods, thinly pubescent
with short curly hairs mixed with longer twisted hairs.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT : Deep sandy soil on the valley floor or in dunes. Associated plants:

Atriplex aonferti folia, Grayia spinosa, Chrysotharmus sp._, Gilia
nyensis, Cymopterus ripleyi 3 Astragalus geyeri var. geyeri, and Oryzopsis

hymenoides. Elevation: 1555-1705 m (5100-5600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Mineral and Nye counties, Nevada. Millard County, UT.
STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979 ) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Drilling for oil. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Astragalus oallithrix is plentiful at times, but it apparently has
a short life cycle. It is highly localized and appears to require
a specialized habitat. Known populations should be monitored and it should
be searched for in similar habitats.

ASTRAGALUS CALYCOSUS var. MO NO P H Y L L I D I U S

ASTRAGALUS CALYCOSUS Torr. var. M 0 N 0 P H Y L L I D I U S (Rydb.) Barneby

One Leaflet Torrey Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus calyaosus var. monophyllidius (Rydb.)

Barneby, Leaflets of Western Botany, 3:107- 1942.
Synonym: Hamosa monophyllidia Rydberg, North American Flora, 24:421.

1929. Type: Bentley, in the vicinity of Currant, Nevada, May 1916. The
single leaflet of this taxon gives it its common name and its varietal
name, monophyllidius . Torrey originally described Astragalus calyaosus.

DESCRIPTION: The species, A. calycosus , as distinct from this variety,
is a common densely caespitose perennial with 2 to 6 cm
(0.8 to 2.4 in) long leaves bearing 3 to 7 leaflets which are silvery-
silky.

Flowering peduncles are 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) long and bear 2 to 6 flow¬
ers which vary from white to purple in color and are about 15 mm (0.6 in)
long.

The pods are about 15 mm (0.6 in) long, and are clothed with stiff appres-
sed hairs.

The variety monophyllidius is very similar to the species and differs sig¬
nificantly only in the leaves which typically bear only a single leaflet.

On occasion there are three leaflets, however.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Open gravelly limestone hillsides. Associated plants: pinyon-

j uni per; Artemisia tridentata 3 Cowania mexicana var. stansburiana3
Poly gala subspinosa 3 Frasera albomarginata3 Dalea searlsiae3 Eriogonum
howellianum3 Senecio multilob atus , and Cryptantha humilis. Elevation: 1705-
2135 m (5600-7000 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Eureka and Nye counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS,.and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mining activity. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This taxon is only known from scattered colonies in a limited
area, and it is not abundant in any of these colonies.

ASTRAGALUS CONVALLARIUS var. FINITIMUS

ASTRAGALUS CONVALLARIUS Greene var. FINITIMUS Barneby

Pine Valley Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

C I TATI ON AND H I STORY : Astragalus aonvallarius var. finitimus Barneby, Leaflets

of Western Botany, 7:192. 1954. Type: Ripley and Barne¬
by, Washington County, Utah, 11 June 1942. The varietal nam e,. finitimus } mean¬
ing closely akin refers to its relationship to var. aonvallarius.

DESCR I PT I ON : A sparsely leafy perennial with a buried root-crown and leaves
with one to five pairs of linear or elliptic leaflets 2 to 2.5
mm long, which are not pubescent above. The leaves are commonly curled or
folded toward the upper side and are about 3 mm wide.

The loosely flowered inflorescence bears small, yellowish-white flowers with an
upper petal about 7-5 mm long. The lateral petals are slightly longer.

The pod is linear to lanceolate in profile and about 1.3 to 2.4 cm long by 3-4
to 4 mm wide, and compressed. The thin, papery valves of the pod are lightly
pubescent .

The more common var. aonvallarius of the species apparently does not occur in
the same area. It differs in having pods at least twice as long and relatively
narrower. The common A. filipes Torr. which might be confused with this variety
has more leaflets per leaf, and a similar pod supported on a slender stalk 8 to
15 mm long.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly and sandy clay hillsides; or on limestone. Associated

plants: sagebrush-pi nyon-j un i per . Elevation: 1700-2270 m (5575—

7445 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lincoln County, Nevada. Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and/or private.

EXISTING 0R_ POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This milk-vetch should be searched for to determine its full range.

It has been rarely collected in Nevada.

ASTRAGALUS FUNEREUS M.E. Jones
Funeral Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus funereus M.E. Jones, Contributions to Western

Botany, 12:11. 1 908 . Synonyms: Xylophaeos funereus

(Jones) Rydb., Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 52:367. 1925- Astragalus
purshii var. funereus (Jones) Jeps., Flora of California 2:360. 1936. A. new-
berryi var. funereus (Jones) Clokey, Madrono, 6: 21 4. 1942. Type: Jones, Rhy¬
olite, Nye Co., NV, 4300 ft, 11 April 1907. This taxon was collected near the
Funeral Mountains, hence the common name and the specific name.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial plant forming a mat by means of the prostrate stems
developing on the rootstock. Individual stems may reach 1 dm
(4 in) in length. The entire plant is covered with a dense white tangled pu¬
bescence which is frequently almost woolly. The leaves bear 7 to as many as
17 leaflets which are usually less than 5 cm (2 in) long. The oval leaflets
vary between 0.5 and 1 cm in length.

The stout peduncles bear 5 to 10 flowers with calyces clothed with prominent
black hairs. The flowers are pink-purple and 2.4 to 2.7 cm (about 1 in) long.

The large fruiting pods are inflated, about 5 cm (2 in) long by 1.5 cm (0.6
in) wide and clothed in a coat of long, silken wool.

The large pods of A. funereus are similar to those of A. ooaeineus Bdg., which,
however, has scarlet flowers. From A. utahensis (Torr.) T.&G. it can be dis¬
tinguished by its larger flowers and the presence of black hairs on the calyx.

Flowering from March to May.

HAB I TAT : Unstable, usually steep, gravelly slopes of volcanic tuff, or occa¬
sionally limestone screes. Associated plants: Grayia spinosa, Chry-
sothamnus teretifolius, Atriplex caneseens 3 A. oonfertifolia3 Artemisia spi-
nescens 3 Aeamptopappus shoekleyi , Ephedra viridis3 and sometimes Astragalus
newberryi or A. purshii. Elevation: 980-2290 m (3200-7500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSH I P/MANAGEMENT:
USFWS, and private.

BLM, D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range),
DOE (Nevada Test Site), National Park Service,

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS:

Overgrazing. Habitat destruction by develop¬
ment. Mining activity. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : The known populations of Astragalus funereus should be monitored.

ASTRAGALUS GEYERI var. TRIQUETRUS

100

ASTRAGALUS GEYERI Gray var. TRIQUETRUS (Gray) Jones
Three-cornered Pod Geyer Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus geyevi var. triquetrus (Gray) Jones, Contri¬
butions to Western Botany, 8:7- I898. Synonyms: A.
triquetrus Gray, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 13:
367. I878. Phaea triquetra (Gray) Rydberg, Flora of North America, 24: 353-
1929. Type: Palmer, southeastern borders of Nevada, at the confluence of the
Muddy River with the Virgin, 1877- The specific name, tviquetvus , refers to
the three-cornered pod.

DESCRIPTION: An annual plant producing somewhat flexuous stems 1 to 2 dm (4

to 8 in) long. The leaves and stems are covered with a fine
ashy pubescence. The leaves are 3 to 5 cm long and bear an average of nine
elliptical, retuse leaflets 4 to 15 mm long.

The flowers are small and white, while the pods are oblong, curved, triangular
in cross section and somewhat flattened, and with a prominent groove on the
lower side.

From typical Astragalus geyevi this variety differs in its pod which is more
definitely triangular in cross section, and leaflets which are typically
broader than the linear-oblong to 1 i near-ob 1 anceol ate leaves of the species.

Flower i ng in Apri 1 .

HAB I TAT : Sand or sandy soil, on flats, dunes, washes, and gullies. Associa¬
ted plants: Lavvea tvidentata. Ambrosia dumosa3 Kramevia parvifolia 3
Ovyzopsis hymenoides3 Amphipappus fvemontii3 and sometimes with Eviogonum vis-
oidulum3 Astragalus nyensis3 A. nuttallianus var. imperfeatus3 or A. sabulonum.

Elevation: 455~760 m (1500-2500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Mohave County, Arizona.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978);

endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979); threatened (Reno T/E
Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)- Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division
of Forestry (14 Feb 1979): protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Off-road vehicles. Poor seed production.

Insect infestation. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Although this taxon was believed to be extremely rare, 1979 collec¬
tions have widened its range considerably. It was only found in
sandy areas, but there are many other similar areas to be explored within its
range. This taxon is an annual and may only appear in favorable years.

101

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS var. LATUS

102

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS Dougl. ex Hook. var. LATUS (Jones) Jones

Broad Pod Freckled Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus lentiginosus var. latus (Jones) Jones, Re¬
view of Astragalus, p. 125. 1923- Synonyms: A. di-
physus var. latus Jones, Zoe, 3:287. 1893- A. latus (Jones) Jones, Zoe, 4:

272. 1894. Cystium latum (Jones) Rydb. , North American Flora, 24:415- 1929-
Type: Jones, Schell Creek Range, White Pine County, Nevada, 1 89 1 • The spe¬

cific name, latus, means broad and presumably refers to the pod.

DESCRIPTION: A low perennial with a woody root-stalk bearing prostrate stems
up to 1.7 dm (6.8 in) long. The leaves are smooth or nearly so
with only a few scattered appressed hairs on the leaf stalk and inflorescence.
The leaves are 6 to 13 cm (2.4 to 5.2 in) long with broad leaflets either
notched or obtuse at the end and 6 to 15 mm long.

The stalk of the inflorescence is rather short, being from 1 . 5 to 6 cm (0.6
to 2.4 in) long and thus shorter than the leaves. The inflorescence charac¬
teristically bears 5 to 12 flowers. The flowering calyx is 7 to 12.5 mm
long with a pubescence of black, appressed hairs. The flowers are pinkish-
purple and the larger upper petal attains a length between 15 and 19 mm (0.6
to 0.8 in).

The pod is inflated and ovoid or nearly spherical In shape with a short curved
beak. The pods vary in length from 1 to 2.5 cm (0.4 to 1 in) and the green
and red-mottled smooth valves eventually become leathery and straw-colored.

The strongest character which differentiates this variety from other similar
varieties of Astragalus lentiginosus is the partition in the pod which con¬
tinues on into the apex of the beak.

Flowering from May to July.

HAB I TAT : Brushy or open gravelly slopes, limestone. Associated plants: pin-
yon-juniper, Artemisia tridentata3 A. frigida3 Chrysothamnus viseid-
if torus, Haplopappus maoronema, Oxytropis parryi, Stipa sp., or Leuoopoa sp.

Elevation: 2290-2900 m (7500-9500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko and White Pine counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing by animals (these plants are palatable).

Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : If dormant mining operations are reactivated, this may also pose a

threat in some areas.

103

ASTRAGALUS LENTI G I NOSUS var. MICANS

1 OA

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS Dougl. ex Hook. var. MICANS Barneby

Shiny Freckled Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus lentiginosus var. mioans Barneby, Leaflets

of Western Botany, 8:22. 1956. Type: Roos , Inyo Co.,
California, 13 May 1955- The varietal name, mioans, means shining and refers
to the silvery hairs that cover the plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial with numerous stems forming clumps 5 to 7 dm (20 to
28 in) in diameter, and somewhat woody at the base. The stems
and leaves are very densely pubescent with silvery or white-silky hairs. The
leaves vary from 4.5 to 9-5 cm (1.8 to 3-8 in) long and have 11 to 1 7 narrow
to broad leaflets, individually 5 to 14 mm long.

The inflorescence bears 20 to 35 p i nk- 1 avender flowers with silky pubescent
calyces 6 to 7-6 mm long and a corolla with the broad upper petal 12 to 14 mm
long .

The pod at maturity is inflated, 1.5 to 2 cm (0.6 to 0.8 in) long, with a
beak 2.5 to 4 mm long, and is very densely silky-pubescent.

The silky-pubescence and large, somewhat shrubby habit make this an easily
identified species in its known habitat. From the related Astragalus lentigi¬
nosus var. fremontii (A. Gray) S. Wats, it can be separated by the former's
less shrubby habit and smaller flowers.

Flowering from April to June.

HAB I TAT : Sandy soil, occasionally on dunes. Associated plants: Ambrosia

dumosa, Larrea tridentata, Oryzopsis hymenoides, Atriplex sp. , Ephe¬
dra sp. , Lyoium shookleyi , Lepidium fremontii, and Astragalus preussii var.
preussii. Elevation: 700-1100 m (2300-3600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and DOE (Nevada Test Site).

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Off-road vehicles. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS: None.

105

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS var. S E S QU I M ET RA L I S

106

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS Dougl. ex Hook. var. S E S QU I M ET R A L I S

(Ryd b . ) Ba rneby

Sodaville Milk-vetch
FAM 1 LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus lentiginosus var. sesquimetralis (Rydb.)

Barneby, Leaflets of Western Botany, 4:116. 1945.

Synonym: Cystium sesquimetrale Rydberg, North American Flora, 24 : 4 1 4 . 1929.

Type: Shockley, Soda Springs, Nevada, 11 June 1882. Soda Springs became

Sodaville with the establishment of a post office in October 1882. The var¬
ietal name, sesquimetralis, means one and one-half meters and refers to the
diameter of the plant.

DESCR I PT 1 ON: A prostrate perennial with straw-colored stems up to 8 dm (32
in) long and tomentose with fine, somewhat appressed hairs.

The leaves are 2 to 5 cm long and smooth or with a few appressed hairs above.
The leaflets are 6 to 18 mm long with the terminal one obviously the longest.

The flowering stalks are 1.5 to 4 cm (0.6 to 1.6 in) long, and bear 6 to 12
light purple flowers with white-silky calyces. The calyx i s 7 to 8 mm long
while the large upper petal is about 14 mm long.

The pod is ovate or somewhat narrower, moderatly inflated, and 1.6 to 2.6 cm
(0.6 to 1 in) long. The surface is tomentose with fine appressed hairs and
there is an upwardly curved beak.

This is an easily recognized variety of Astragalus lentiginosus confined to
low saline areas and with characteristic long creeping stems and long inter¬
nodes compared to the relatively short leaves. This variety can be separated
from the similar variety albifrons by the latter's considerably shorter pet¬
als and a pod with a downwardly curved beak.

Flowering from April to May.

HAB I TAT : Powdery clay saline soil, some areas covered by small dark rocks.

Associated plants: Saraobatus vermieulatus3 Suaeda torreyana3 Dis-
tiehlis spieata var. strieta3 Chrysothamnus nauseosus3 Atriplex lentiformis 3
Ivesia kingii3 and Crepis runeinata. Elevation: 990-1420 m (3250-4650 ft)

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Mineral County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Possibly extinct (1975 FR) ; endangered (1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno
T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979). Listed as threatened with extinction,
Nevada Division of Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527.270; collec¬
tion permit required.

LAND OWNERSH I P/MANAGEMENT : Private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Geothermal drilling. Any other change in the

water supply from the springs. Feral burros

and cattle trample the area.

REMARKS : This taxon has been searched for extensively, but it apparently is
restricted to two similar edaphic sites.

TO 7

ASTRAGALUS MOHAVENSIS var. HEMIGYRUS

108

ASTRAGALUS MOHAVENSIS S. Wats. var. HEMIGYRUS (Clokey) Barneby

Half-ring Pod Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus mohavensis var. hemigyrus (Clokey) Barneby,

El Aliso, 2:207- 1950. Synonyms: Astragalus albens
sensu Jones (not Greene), Revision of North American Astragalus, p. 261. 1923.
Astragalus hemigyrus Clokey, Madro'no, 6:220. 1942. Type: Clokey, south of
Indian Springs, Clark Co., Nevada, 18 April 1939- The pods of this milk-vetch
are arched through half a circle, giving rise to the common name and the vari¬
etal name, hemigyrus.

DESCR I PT I ON : A bushy, silvery-pubescent perennial with numerous stems reach¬
ing 4 dm (16 in) in height. However, as the drawings show, the
plant size is quite variable. The leaves are 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long and
bear 7 to 11 leaflets 6 to 15 mm long, which are elliptic and either blunt or
somewhat indented at the apex.

The inflorescence is somewhat longer than the leaves and bears purple flowers
6 to 8 mm long. The 5 mm long calyx is pubescent with white and black hairs.

At maturity the pods are not inflated, and are strongly curved into a half¬
circle with a short beak. The dry pod is somewhat leathery and has a strong
network of veins on the surface.

From the similar Astragalus layneae Greene this species can be separated by its
short stipules (2 mm) compared to the much larger (7 to 10 mm) ones of A. lay¬
neae. The latter species also has more leaflets (13 to 23) and flowers which
are over twice as large and are white with purple tips. A. mohavensis var. mo¬
havensis can be distinguished by its broader pods which are rarely as incurved
as those of var. hemigyrus.

Flowering from April to June.

HAB I TAT : Limestone ledges and gravelly hillsides. Associated plants: Larrea

tridentata and Junigerus osteosperma. Elevation: 1240-1850 m (4065-

6070 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : As far as is known, this milk-vetch has not been collected in Nevada
in the last 40 years. It was looked for unsuccessfully in 1979- A
concerted effort should be made to relocate this rare taxon.

109

ASTRAGALUS MUSIMONUM

ASTRAGALUS MUSIMONUM Barneby
Sheep Range Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) — Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus musimonum Barneby, Proceedings of the

California Academy of Sciences, 4:150. 1944.

Type: Ripley and Barneby, calcareous gravel slopes of the Sheep Range,

near the entrance to Deadman Canyon, Clark County, Nevada, 5700 ft, 5 May

1941 .

DESCR I PT I ON: A low, tufted perennial which is densely silvery pubescent

throughout with straight, appressed hairs up to 1.2 mm long.

The prostrate stems are very short, to 2 cm (0.8 in) or exceptionally to
7 cm (2.8 in) long. The internodes are also short, varying from shorter to
twice the length of the 3 to 4 mm stipules. The leaves are 4 to 7 cm (1.6

to 2.8 in) long and bear 11 to 17 small leaflets 3 to 7 mm long.

The flowering stalks are 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3-2 in) long and bear 5 to 9

pink-purple flowers which have a large upper petal with a length of 10 to

13 mm.

The pods are either ascending or i ncurved-ascend i ng , about 1.5 to 2 cm
(0.6 to 0.8 in) long, compressed with a central ridge on the lower surface
lying in a double groove. The valves of the pod are densely pubescent with
appressed hairs and are unmottled. Eventually, they become leathery and
brown i sh .

The general aspect of the plant resembles that of Astragalus amphioxys Gray;
the latter species, however, differs in its larger flowers and its thick-
walled or woody pods contrasted with the thin-walled pods of A. musimonum.

From the related A. argophyltus var. panguioensis (Jones) Jones it can be
separated by its shorter calyx lobes, more numerous flowers, more copius
pubescence of straight appressed hairs, and very differently shaped pods.

Flowering from April to June.

HAB I TAT : Dry limestone bajadas and gentle slopes, along dirt roads, and
disturbed areas. Associated plants: p i nyon- j un i per , Coleogyne
ramosissima3 Atriplex aonfertifolia3 Artemisia spinesaens 3 and Yueea brevi-
folia. Elevation: 1340-1920 m (4400-6300 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 77?) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: U S FWS .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: If the present management policies continue,

there are no threats to this taxon.

REMARKS : This taxon is locally plentiful, but it is only known from the Des¬
ert National Wildlife Range. These populations should be monitored.

Ill

ASTRAGALUS NYENSIS

1 cm

112

ASTRAGALUS NYENSIS BARNEBY
Nye Mi 1 k- vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus nyensis Barneby, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 7:195- 1954. Synonym: A. nuttallianus var.
pilifer Barneby, Leaflets of Western Botany, 3:110. 1942. Type: Ripley and
Barneby, Spotted Range, Nye County, Nevada, 3200 ft, 1 4 May 1941. The com¬
mon name and the specific name, nyensis , are both taken from the name of the
county where the type collection was made.

DESCR I PT I ON : A slender, diffuse annual which is pubescent throughout with
stiff, straight, or curved hairs up to 1 mm long. The stems
are 1 to 17 cm (0.4 to 6.8 in) long, with the central one usually erect.

The leaves are 1 to 4 cm (0.4 to 1.6 in) long with 7 to 13 oblong-ovate re¬
fuse leaflets which are equally pubescent on both sides or somewhat less so
on the upper surface.

The short inflorescence bears one to four flowers which are whitish with the
upper petal faintly lilac-tinted and 4.2 to 5-4 mm long. The lower petals
(fused to form the keel) have a blunt apex, a distinguishing feature which
helps to separate it from the somewhat similar A. aautirostris S. Wats,
which has, however, an acute keel and an inflorescence stalk longer than the
adjacent leaf, unlike A. nyensis.

A. nyensis produces a linear-oblong pubescent pod which is incurved and 1.3
to 1.8 cm long and somewhat compressed- 1 r i angu 1 a r in cross section.

A. nuttallianus var. irrrperfeotus (Rydb.) Barneby can be separated from the
similar A. nyensis by the former's appressed pubescence, and elliptic and
acute leaflets.

Flowering in April and May.

HAB I TAT : Outwash fans and gravelly flats, sometimes in sandy soil. Associ¬
ated plants: Larrea tridentata3 Ambrosia dumosa _, Oryzopsis hymen-
oides3 Hymenoelea salsola 3 Coleogyne ramosissima3 Eilaria rigida _, Krameria
parvifolia3 Astragalus geyeri var. triquetrus3 or A. nuttallianus var. imper-
fectus. Elevation: 520-1705 m (1700-5600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark, Lincoln, and Nye counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb
1979); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979). Listed as threat
ened with extinction, Nevada Division of Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by
NRS 527. 270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT:, BLM , DOE (Nevada Test Site); USFS, USFWS, and pri

ate.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Because it is an annual, some years it may be difficult to locate

A. nyensis , however, in 1979 it was abundant. Also, it is an in¬
conspicuous plant and it is difficult to distinguish it from other annual
astragali and hence it may have been overlooked previously.

113

ASTRAGALUS OOPHORUS var.

CLOKEYANUS

ASTRAGALUS OOPHORUS S. Wats. var. CLOKEYANUS Barneby

Lee Canyon Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus oophorus var. olokeyanus Barneby, Leaflets

of Western Botany, 7:194. 1954. Synonym: Astragalus
artipes sensu Clokey (not Gray) Madrono, 6:216. 1942. Type: Train, Lee Can¬
yon, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark Co., NV , 9000 ft. This variety is
named for Ira W. Clokey, author of a Flora of the Charleston Mountains.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low slender perennial with stems up to 1 dm (4 in) long. The
stems and leaves are not pubescent or only slightly so. The
leaflets are small and less than 1 cm long, and ovate or elliptic in shape.

The inflorescence bears loosely arranged small purplish flowers with upper pet¬
als about 5 mm wide. The calyx is about 6 mm long including the 2 mm calyx
teeth .

The pod averages about 2 to 2.5 cm in length, and at maturity splits into two
papery valves. It is supported on a slender stalk 4 to 8 mm long.

The var. oophorus S. Wats, of the species does not occur in the same locale
and can be distinguished from var. olokeyanus by the latter's smaller flowers
and smaller pods (2 to 2.5 cm compared to 3-5 to 5-5 cm). From somewhat simi¬
lar species this variety can be distinguished by its hairless calyx, and infla¬
ted stalked pod.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Ridges and open slopes in gravelly soil derived from limestone. Asso¬
ciated plants: Pinus ponderosa var. soopulorum3 sagebrush-p i nyon-
juniper. Elevation: 2075-2775 m (6800-9100 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1 979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the area. Proposed MX sys¬
tem ( i nd i rect 1 y) .

REMARKS : This is a highly localized, rarely collected milk-vetch. An effort
should be made to relocate this taxon and learn more about its habi¬
tat.

115

116

ASTRAGALUS OOPHORUS S. Wats. var. LONCHOCALYX Barneby

Long Calyx Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

C I TAT I ON AND H 1 STORY : Astragalus oophorus var. lonohooalyx Barneby, Leaflets

of Western Botany, 7:194. 1954. Type: Train, Fay,

Lincoln County, Nevada, 6600 ft, 24 April 1939. This variety has a long narrow
flower and calyx.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low and slender perennial with stems up to 1 dm (4 in) long.

The stems and leaves are not pubescent or only slightly so.

The leaflets are small and less than 1 cm long, and ovate or elliptic in shape.

The inflorescence bears loosely arranged small purplish flowers with a long,
narrow calyx tube and lateral petals which are linear-oblong and up to 11.5 mm
1 ong .

The pods are 3-5 to 5-5 cm (1.4 to 2.2 in) long and at maturity split into
two papery valves.

The long, narrow flowers immediately distinguish this variety from the other
forms of A. oophorus. Other species which may be found in the same area with
similar flowers do not have the vegetative or fruiting form of A. oophorus.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT :• Dry gravelly hillsides and stony flats; limestone. Associated

plants: p i nyon- j un i per ; associated with sagebrush and sometimes

sheltering under it. Elevation: 1830-2590 m (6000-8500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lincoln County, Nevada. Utah.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Chaining of sagebrush. Proposed MX system.
REMARKS: This taxon should be searched for to determine its full range.

117

ASTRAGALUS PHOENIX

118

ASTRAGALUS PHOENIX Barneby
Ash Meadows Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus phoenix Barneby, Madrono, 20:395. 1970.

Type: Cronquist, Ash Meadows, Nevada, 21 April 1966.

First collected by Purpus in Ash Meadows, Nye County, in 1 898 . The specific
name, phoenix 3 refers to being born of ashes and is descriptive of the plant's
dense ashen mound of leaves partly covered over with fine white soil.

DESCR I PT I ON: A low matted perennial forming mounds 40 to 50 cm (16 to 20 in)
across. The older stems characteristically have a flaking bark.

The leaves, which are densely covered with coarse, white hairs, are 1.5 to
3.5 cm (0.6 to 1.4 in) long and bear 2 to 3 ovate to obovate leaflets which
are 3 to 7 mm long. The stipules are 2 to 3 mm long, pubescent on the outer
surface and glabrous on the inner surface.

The pinkish to purple flowers are borne on short, erect stems in the mat and
commonly number only one or two per inflorescence. Individual peduncles are
2 to 5 mm long. The 12.5 to 15 mm (0.5 to 0.6 in) calyx is covered with long
hairs. The acute calyx teeth are 3 to 4 mm long. The upper petal is about
25 mm (1 in) long and 10.5 mm (0.4 in) wide, while the two lateral petals are
about 20 mm (0.8 in) long.

The densely pubescent pod is 1 . 5 to 2 cm (0.6 to 0.8 in) long by 1 cm (0.4 in)
in diameter, and is tipped by a short hook, which is incurved.

No other species occurs within the known range of Astragalus phoenix with
which it could easily be confused. The flowers are very similar to those of
A. newberryi Gray, but the latter is vegetatively very different in that it
does not form the dense mound of foliage typical of A. phoenix.

Flowering in late April and May.

HABITAT : Dry, hard, white, barren saline, clay flats, knolls, and slopes.

Associated plants: Atriplex oonferti folia 3 Mentzelia leueophylla3
Haplopappus aeradenius3 Distiohlis spioata var. stricta3 and Enoeliopsis nudi-
oaulis var. oorrugata. Elevation: 670-725 m (2200-2380 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FB) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979)- Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of For¬
estry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527*270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Utilization of land for agricultural or other

developmental purposes. Free roaming horses.

Dust from disturbed soil may smother the plants. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Astragalus phoenix has a very limited distribution, any loss of hab¬
itat is critical. These plants only grow in areas of mineral encrust¬
ed soil, never in disturbed areas.

119

ASTRAGALUS PORRECTUS

5 mm

120

ASTRAGALUS PORRECTUS S. Wats.

Lahontan Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus porreatus S. Watson, "Botany," pp. 75, 444.

In: C. King, Report of the geological explorations of

the Fortieth Parallel. Vol . 5- 1871. Synonyms: Tragaoantha porreeta (S.
Wats.) 0. Kuntze, Revue genera le de botanique, 2:947. 1891. Homalobus por-
rectus (S. Wats.) Rydb., Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 5:19- 1924.
Type: Watson, Trinity Mountains, NV, 5000 ft, May. The specific name, por-
reatus3 means to be stretched out, apparently referring to the elongate raceme.

DESCRIPTION: A tall, stiff perennial with stems to 40 cm (16 in) long. The
leaves vary from 3-5 to 11 cm (1.4 to 4.4 in) in length and
produce relatively few (approximately 9 to 13) broad, leathery leaflets
borne some distance from one another on the leaf axis. The leaflets have a
few hairs along the margin. The thin dry stipules are 2 to 9 mm long, with
the lowermost pairs fused into a sheath surrounding the stem.

The inflorescence bears 12 to 33 creamy-white flowers which are relatively
distant from each other. The calyx is about 5 mm long and is pubescent with
black appressed hairs. The upper petal of the flower i s 8 to 1 1 mm (0.3 to
0.4 in) long while the two lateral petals average 8 to 9 mm in length. The
keel is 6 to 8 mm long.

The pods are glabrous, green, or sometimes purple tinged or mottled. The
two valves eventually become leathery and straw-colored and may be purple
tinged. The mature pods have an upward curvature and are 8 to 15 mm (0.3 to
0.6 in) long and 3 to 5 mm in diameter.

This is an easily recognized Astragalus because of its sheathing lower stip¬
ules, the relatively few leathery leaflets, and its open inflorescence of
small creamy-white flowers followed by incurved and laterally compressed pods.

Flowering in May and June. Fruit long persisting.

HAB I TAT : Hot gravelly washes and outwash fans in the foothills of desert
mountains, in volcanic sand or rock debris. Associated plants:

Atriplex eon ferti folia 3 Artemisia tridentata 3 Grayia spinosa3 Hymenoclea
salsola3 Chrysothamnus nauseosus , Tetradymia glabrata3 Ceratoides lanata3
and Sareobatus vermieulatus . Elevation: 1310-1525 m (4300-5000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Churchill, Pershing, and Washoe counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing by animals. Destruction of pods.

Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Recent collections have extended the range of this taxon. It may

be a relic of a formerly more widely dispersed flora; it is not
closely allied to any other Astragalus in this area.

121

ASTRAGALUS P S E U D I 0 D A NT H U S

122

ASTRAGALUS PSEUDIODANTHUS Barneby
Tonopah Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus pseudiodanthus Barneby, Leaflets of Western

Botany, 3:99- 1942. Type: Ripley and Barneby, Nye
County, Nevada, 5500 ft, 3 June 1941. This species is deceptively like A. io
danthus3 hence the specific name, pseudiodanthus. The type was collected
southeast of Tonopah.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial with radiating, prostrate stems 3 dm (12 in) long.

The leaves are 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 in) long, either sessile or
with short petioles. There are 11 to 19 crowded, somewhat obovate, cuneate
leaflets 3 to 10 mm long which are smooth above and pubescent beneath with
long hairs.

The flowering stalks are 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) long and bear 12 to 25
flowers. The flowers are redd i sh- 1 i 1 ac with the upper petal 9 to 10 mm in
length and with the lateral petals nearly as long. The calyx is about 4.5
mm long and pubescent with a mixture of black and white hairs, with the white
hairs sometimes predominating.

The pod is curled upwards, sometimes into a nearly complete ring. In cross
section it is compressed or sometimes triangular. At maturity it is straw-
colored and pubescent with spreading or curly hairs.

This species resembles A. iodanthus S. Wats, but differs in that the pubes¬
cence is made up of longer (1 to 1.2 mm) fine hairs, compared to A. iodan¬
thus which has hairs no longer than 0.7 mm. Typically, A. iodanthus has a
relatively simpler branching pattern. A. pseudiodanthus has a distinctive
prostrate, abruptly zigzag stems.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT: Dunes and sandy flats. Associated plants: Saraobatus vermioulatus

Grayia spinosa3 Tetradymia glabrata3 Eilaria ,jamesii3 Oryzopsis hy-
menoides3 Astragalus lentiginosus var. fremontii3 Atriplex aonf erti folia 3 and
Sphaeraloea ambigua. Elevation: 1525-2075 m (5000-6800 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Esmeralda, Mineral, and Nye counties, Nevada. Mono

County , Cali forn i a .

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Early season grazing. Proposed MX system.
REMARKS: None.

123

ASTRAGALUS PTEROCARPUS

12A

ASTRAGALUS PTEROCARPUS S. Wats.

Winged Milk-vetch

FAMJJLY: Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus pteroearpus S. Watson, "Botany," p. 71. In:

C. King, Report of the geological explorations of the
Fortieth Parallel. Vol . 5. 1 87 1 . Type: Watson, near the junction of Reese
River with the Humboldt, Nevada, August 1868. The specific name, ptero carpus ,
and the common name refer to the winged pods of this species.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial with sparsely leafy sedgelike or wiry stems to 3-5 dm
(14 in) long. The leaves are 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long and bear
one to three pairs of very narrow, linear leaflets which are silvery pubescent
above and sparsely pubescent below.

The inflorescence stalk i s 5 to 1 1 cm (2 to 4.4 in) long with 5 to 15 purplish
flowers with an upper petal which reaches 19 mm in length. The calyx is 9 to
12 mm long and pubescent with black or mixed black and white hairs.

The large pod is 3 to 4.5 cm (1.2 to 1.8 in) long and strongly compressed with
a thin rigid wing along both sides.

The winged pods and very long, narrow leaflets are so distinctive in this species
that there is no likelihood of confusing it with any other Astragalus found in
the area.

Flowering from April to June .

HAB I TAT : Low-gullied hills and saline, sandy flats. Associated plants: Fly-
mus ainereus3 Artemisia spineseens _, Sitaniun hystrix, Sareobatus ver-
mieulatus3 Sphaeraleea grossulariae folia s Tetradymia glabrata 3 Distiehlis spi-

eata var. striata, and Suaeda sp. Elevation: 1220-1410 m (4000-4620 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Humboldt, Pershing, and Lander counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Recently, new populations of Astragalus pteroearpus have been located

which have extended its range considerably. Many of these are in re¬
mote areas where there are few threats. Grazing does not appear to be a threat.
Unless the MX system seriously impacts this taxon, it will not require protected
status .

125

ASTRAGALUS ROBBINSII var. OCCIDENTALS

126

ASTRAGALUS ROBBINSII (Oakes) Gray var. OCCIDENTALS S. Wats.

Lamoille Canyon Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus robbinsii var. oooidentalis S. Watson, "Bot¬
any," p. 70. In: C. King, Report of the geological
explorations of the Fortieth Parallel. Vol . 5- 1871. Type: Watson, East
Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, 10,000 ft, 13 August 1868. Modern-day collections
have all been from Lamoille Canyon, Ruby Mountains.

DESCR I PT I ON : A very slender, weak, and diffuse perennial with stems 1.5 to

4.5 dm (6 to 18 in) long, with 4 to 9-5 cm (1.6 to 3-8 in) long
leaves bearing 7 to 1 1 leaflets which are pubescent beneath with somewhat ap-
pressed hairs.

The few-flowered inflorescence bears only 6 to 1 2 flowers, somewhat remote
from one another, and having lilac petals. The upper petal is about 7-4 mm
long, while the calyx attains a length up to 4.6 mm.

The pods have a short stalk, 0.5 to 1.4 mm long, and attain a length of 1 to
1.5 cm and a width of 4 to 5 mm. They may be somewhat flattened at right an¬
gles to the line along which splitting eventually occurs. There is a short
beak 0.8 to 1.2 mm long. The pods are pubescent with somewhat appressed hairs.

This taxon can be separated from the similar appearing Astragalus alpinus L.
by the latter's 15 to 25 leaflets and pods which are triangular in cross-
section and strongly grooved on the lower side.

Flowering in July and August.

HAB I TAT : Moist loamy soil, stream-side, or sheltered under shrubs and trees.

Associated plants: Populus tremuloides _, Salix sp._, Geranium visoo-
sissimum 3 Apooynum androsaemi folium 3 Potentilla frutioosa, P. glandulosa3
Thaliotrum fendleri 3 and Carex sp. Elevation: 2285-3050 m (7500-10,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FE) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb
1979); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); endangered (Mo-
zi ngo and Wi 1 1 iams) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the known sites. Grazing

by sheep. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The impact will increase in Lamoille Canyon if the MX system be¬
comes a reality. Mozingo and Williams recommend endangered status
until new populations are found or the USFS takes steps to preserve the habi¬
tat.

127

ASTRAGALUS SERENOI var. SORDESCENS

128

ASTRAGALUS SERENO! (0. Kze.) Sheld. va r . SORDESCENS Barneby

Squalid Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus serenoi var. sordesoens Barneby, Leaf¬
lets of Western Botany, 7:195. 195A. Type: Rip¬

ley and Barneby, foothills of the Toquima Range, Nye County, 6800 ft.

The common name and the varietal name, sordesoens , refer to the flower
color.

DESCR I PT I ON: A tall, bushy perennial with stems up to A. 5 dm (18 in) tall.

The leaves are 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in) long with 5 to 1 1 very
narrow leaflets from 5 to 30 mm long, which are finely silvery pubescent
above.

The flower stalks are stout, erect and 10 to 25 cm (A to 10 in) long and
bear 7 to 25 distantly placed flowers at the upper end. The flowers are
dull, yellowish white with purplish tips on the lateral petals. The calyx
is 8 to 10 mm long, and the larger upper petal varies from 1 A . 5 to 16 mm
long.

The pod is 1.5 to 2.2 cm long and only slightly curved. In cross-section
it is nearly ci rcular.

Astragalus serenoi var. serenoi differs from this variety in that the for¬
mer has purple flowers with white tips to the lateral petals. Additionally,
the pods of var. serenoi are broadest at the middle and have a partial par¬
tition while those of var. sordesoens have virtually no partition and are
broadest below the middle.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT : Gentle gravelly slopes and washes. Associated plants: pinyon-

j uni per, Artemisia spinesoens3 Atriplex oonfertifolia3 Tetra-
dymia glabrata3 Saroobatus vermioulatus 3 and Ephedra nevadensis; this
Astragalus often grows up through plants of Artemisia nova. Elevation:
1860-2075 m (6100-6800 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb
ruary 1978); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM, USFS, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mining activity. Grazing. Proposed MX sys¬
tem.

REMARKS : Collections during the summer of 1978 extended the range of this

taxon considerably. However, it is often very scarce at any one lo
cation. More exploration should be done to determine the full range of this
taxon .

129

ASTRAGALUS SOLITARIUS

130

ASTRAGALUS SOLITARIUS Peck
Solitary Milk-vetch

FAM 1 LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus solitavius Peck, Leaflets of Western Botany,

A: 181. 19^5. Type: Peck, Malheur County, Oregon, 4
June 19^3- The specific name, solitarius , apparently refers to the fact that
the plant has a single or at best a few stems.

DESCR I PT I ON : A tall, slender, wiry, and sparsely leafy perennial, grayish

‘pubescent throughout with short hairs reaching 0.3 nim in length.
The leaves are 2 to 7 cm (0.8 to 2.8 in) long and bear only five to nine linear,
pubescent leaflets 3 to 15 mm long.

The inflorescence stalks are 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 in) long and bear 7 to 30 loose¬
ly arranged pale lilac flowers. The calyx is about 3 mm long and pubescent with
white or sometimes partially black hairs. The large upper petal is 6.3 to 8 mm
long, while the lateral petals may be slightly longer.

The pod is borne on a slender stalk 4 to 8 mm long and is itself 1.2 to 2.5 cm
long and 3 to 4 mm wide. The thin, papery valves of the pod are rather densely
pubescent .

This species can be separated from the similar appearing and common A. filipes
Torr. by the former's more abundant pubescence, and narrower pods which are
densely pubescent rather than smooth or rarely lightly pubescent as are those

of A. filipes.

Flowering from May to early June.

HABITAT : Plains and low gullied hills, in sandy-clay soils. Associated plants:

nearly always taking shelter under and often intricately entangled in
low sagebrush; Saraobatus vevmieulatus 3 Grayia spinosa3 Atriplex eon fevti folia 3
and Tetradymia glabvata. Elevation: 1 1 60— 1 400 m (3800-4600 ft).

KNOWN D I STR I BUT I ON : Humboldt County, Nevada. Oregon.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) \ endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mining activity. Chaining of sagebrush.

REMARKS : This taxon should be searched for to determine its full range.

131

■L‘"

i mmature
pod

ASTRAGALUS TEPHRODES var. EURYLOBUS

132

ASTRAGALUS TEPHROOES Gray var. EURYLOBUS Barneby
Peck Station Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus tephrodes var. eurylobus Barneby, Memoirs

of the New York Botanic Garden, 13:643. 1964. Type:
Ripley and Barneby, Needle Mountains, E of Peck Station, Lincoln County, NV ,

4950 ft, 18 June 1944. The specific name, tephrodes, means ash-gray; the
varietal name, eurylobus, refers to the broad pod of this plant.

DESCR I PT I ON : A stout perennial with grayish pubescent leaves 10 to 24 cm (4 to
9-6 in) long borne on angular stems 2 to 9 cm (0.8 to 3-6 in) in
length. The leaves have 21 to 27 rather broad flat leaflets 7 to 27 mm long.

The inflorescence stalk is 10 to 18 cm (4 to 7 in) long and bears 18 to 26 flow¬
ers whitish to purplish in color. The calyx is about 12 mm long, and the large
upper petal of the flower may reach 22 mm in length.

The broad pod is 2.5 to 4 cm (1 to 1.6 in) long and 1 to 1.6 cm wide, with a
beak 5 to 10 mm long. The woody valves of the pod have a wrinkled appearance
and are strongly pubescent. (The drawing was taken from a very immature pod.)

The related and widespread var. braohylobus (Gray) Barneby of the same species
can be separated by its pods which are only half as large at maturity and by
its lesser amount of pubescence.

Flowering from April to June.

HABITAT : On saddles and along gullied draws in low alkaline sandy-clay hills;

weathered pink sandstone knolls. Associated plants: not known.
Elevation: 1420-1510 (4650-4950 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lincoln County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); watch list (Mozingo and
Willi ams) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This taxon is only known from the original collection by Ripley and
Barneby. A concerted effort should be made to relocate it.

133

ASTRAGALUS TOQUIMANUS

134

ASTRAGALUS TOQUIMANUS Barneby
Toquima Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus toquimanus Barneby, Leaflets of Western

Botany, 3:111. 1942. Type: Ripley and Barneby,

in the Toquima Range, east of Manhattan, Nye County, Nevada, 7000 ft, 1
June 1941. The common name and the specific name, toquimanus, are both
taken from the range where the type was collected.

DESCR I PT I ON: A‘ slender, wiry perennial, pubescent throughout with fine
appressed hairs. The several to numerous stems arise from
the root-stalk and are 7 to 25 cm (2.8 to 10 in) long, and are purplish
at the base. The leaves are 4 to 11 cm long with 9 to 17 somewhat narrow
to relatively broad leaflets, 3 to 15 mm long, which are mostly folded
and arched backward and are either obtuse or notched at the tip.

The flower stalks are 2.5 to 6 cm (1 to 2.4 in) long and bear 9 to 20
loosely arranged yel lowi sh-whi te flowers which are veined and suffused
with dull lilac. The calyx is 3*4 to 4 mm long, and pubescent with short
black and white appressed hairs.

The pods are pendulous, somewhat incurved, between 1.8 to 2.5 cm (0.7 to
1 in) long and 3-5 to 4.5 mm in diameter, and are sharply triangular in
cross-sect i on .

From Astragalus howellii Gray which has similar pods this species may be
distinguished by its fewer leaflets (9 to 17 as opposed to 21 to 27), ap¬
pressed pubescence, and dingy purple flowers. From the similar fruited
A. misellus S. Wats., A. toquimanus may be separated by its more erect
habit, appressed pubescence, and smooth, mottled pods.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly hillsides and benches in calcareous soils. Associated
plants: p i nyon-j un i per , Atriplex oonf erti folia s Grayia spinosa3
Astragalus serenoi var. sordesoens , often intertwined in low sagebrush.
Elevation: 1890-2105 m (6200-6900 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: M i n i ng act i vi ty . Grazing. Proposed MX

system.

REMARKS : This taxon is known from several sites, but it is not abundant

at any of them. A search should be made for more populations of
this taxon. It is not always easy to spot because it grows up through sage¬
brush and is partly hidden by it.

135

ASTRAGALUS UNCIALIS

136

ASTRAGALUS UNCIALIS Barneby
Currant Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus uncialis Barneby, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 3:101. 19^2. Type: Ripley and Barneby, north¬
eastern Nye County, Nevada, 5300 ft, 22 May 19^1- The type was collected
near Currant. The specific name, uncialis, meaning inch-high, refers to the
size of the plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : A small, densely tufted perennial with silvery-pubescent leaves
1.5 to 7-5 cm (0.6 to 3 in) long on slender wiry petioles. The
leaflets vary from oblanceolate to elliptic to narrow obovate in shape. The
stipules are pale and thin with a green midrib and are 3 to 6.5 mm long.

The main flower stalks are leafless and shorter than the leaves and bear 1 to
3 disproportionately large, long, narrow, purple flowers. The large upper pet
al is curved backwards and is up to 32 mm long. The calyx is 12 to 16 mm long
and whitish pubescent with sometimes a few black hairs.

The pod is very strongly compressed at right angles to the line along which it
eventually splits and has an upwardly curved beak. At maturity it is straw-
colored or brown with a coat of silvery pubescence.

The few-foliate leaves, silvery aspect, dwarf size, and d i sproport i onate 1 y
large flowers readily distinguish this species from any others likely to be
found in the same locale.

Flowering in May.

HAB I TAT : Dry knolls and slopes, saline sand or gravel derived from limestone.

Associated plants: Atriplex conferti folia 3 Sarcobatus baileyi3 Arte
misia spinescens 3 Kochia americana3 Ephedra viridis3 Eilaria jamesii3 Lepidium
montamm3 and Tetradymia sp. Elevation: 1615-1 845 m (5300-6050 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov
1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mineral exploration. Dr i 1 1 i ng for oi 1 . Pro¬
posed MX system.

REMARKS : Astragalus uncialis is only known from a limited area. Because it
is such a diminutive plant, it is not easy to spot. It should be
searched for in similar habitats in the same area.

137

LATHYRUS H I T C H C 0 C K I A NU S

'c.

138

LATHYRUS H I TC H C 0 C K I ANU S Barneby S Reveal
Mojave Sweet Pea

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Lathyrus hiteheoekianus Barneby S Reveal, Aliso, 7

362. 1971. Type: Reveal, central Bullfrog Hills,
Nye County, Nevada, 1 380 m, A May 1970. This species is named for C. Leo
Hitchcock and is the only known Lathyrus in the Mojave Desert.

DESCR I PTI ON : A bluish-green, diffuse, perennial herb sparsely pubescent
with weak tapering hairs up to 0.5 mm long. The stems are
prominently ribbed, up to 3-5 dm (lA in) long and bear leaves which are
3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 in) long including the tendril which i s 2 to 3
forked and longer than the last pair of leaflets. The leaflets are nar¬
rowly lanceolate to linear tapering and are mostly in 2 or 3 pairs.

The flower stalks bear 1 to A lilac-purple flowers, with a broad upper
petal 10 to 11 mm long and 8 to 9 mm wide. The calyx is about A to 5 mm
long with 5 prominent ribs. The pod is 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 in) long
and varies from light green to dark green or greenish-black.

Lathyrus lanswertii Kell. ssp. aridus (Piper) Brads, closely resembles
this species but does not occur in the Mojave Desert. Moreover, ssp.
aridus has short, simple and usually bristle-like tendrils, and the flow¬
ers are paler and borne on much longer individual pedicels.

Flowering in April and May.

HAB I TAT : Washes and canyon bottoms in rocky volcanic gravelly or sandy

soil. Associated plants: Salvia dorrii ssp. gilmanii _, Purshia
glandulosa, Ephedra viridis3 Grayia spinosa, Atriplex eon ferti folia, or
Lyaium pallidum var. oligospermum ; this Lathyrus often grows in tangled
association with a shrub. Elevation: 1370-1585 m (A500-5200 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2
Nov 1979). Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Divi¬
sion of Forestry (lA Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection per-
mi t requ i red .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , DOE (Nevada Test Site), National Park

Service, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Drilling or construction work. Mining

activity. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Mining activity is greatly increasing.

139

LUPINUS MALACOPHYLLUS

1AO

LUPINUS MALACOPHYLLUS Greene
Soft Lea f Lupine

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) — Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Lupinus malaeophyllus Greene, Pittonia, 1:215. 1888.

Type: Sonne, near Verdi, Washoe County, Nevada. 2 May

1888. The specific name, mdlacophyVlus , describes the leaves which are soft
to the touch.

DESCR I PTI ON: An erect annual to 15 cm (6 in) high and rough-hairy throughout.

There are five to seven oblanceolate leaflets on petioles 2 to 4
cm (0.8 to 1.6 in) long.

The flowering stalks are 5 cm (2 in) long with the individual flowers borne com¬
pactly in 3 to 9 whorled clusters. The white to yellowish flowers are 11 to
14 mm long. The upper lip of the calyx is slightly swollen at the base.

There are generally two seeds produced in the 6 mm wide pods.

Although the flowers may occasionally have a bluish tinge this species may be
easily distinguished from Lupinus bicolor Lindl. which has blue and white flow¬
ers by the former's completely hairless lower petal or "keel," contrasted with
the latter's hairy edges on the upper part of the keel. From L. brevicaulis
S. Wats, this species may be separated by flowers which are borne in whorls
rather than a compact cluster as are the latter's.

Flowering from April to June.

HABITAT : Rocky hillsides, sandy flats. Associated plants: Artemisia triden-
tata , Castilleja chromosa3 Layia glandulosa3 Blepharipccppus scaber3
and Eriogonum spp. Elevation: 1370-1615 m (4500-5300 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Carson City, Douglas, and Washoe counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979); watch list (2 Nov 1 979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Urban expansion.

REMARKS : This lupine was originally thought to be very restricted in its

range, but now it is known from more locations. In favorable years
it is locally abundant.

141

TR I FOL I UM LEMMON I I

5 mm

TR I FOL I UM LEMMON II S . Wats .

Lemmon Clover

FAMILY: Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Trifolivm lemmonii S. Watson, Proceedings of the Amer¬
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, 11:127- 1876. Type:
Lemmon, Sierra Co., California, 5300 ft, 1873- This taxon is named for J.G.
Lemmon who collected the type specimen.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial reaching 2 dm (8 in) in height and clothed with a

pubescence consisting of sharp, stiff, appressed hairs, sparsely
so on the stems but densely so on the leaflets. The leaves are composed of
three to five obovate, elliptic or rounded leaflets with petioles 3 to 5 times
as long as the 0.9 to 1.9 cm leaflets. The stipules are similarly pubescent,
with the lower ones to 1 cm long and fused with petioles for two-thirds of
the i r 1 ength .

The somewhat globose flower cluster is supported on stalks 1 to 1 . 5 dm (k to
6 in) long. The flower clusters consist of 15 to 30 pinkish-white flowers
with the upper petal 1 to 1 . 2 cm long. Two manuals for this area characterize
the flowers as "yellow" or "bright yellow," this is undoubtedly an error,
since neither a recent monograph or the original description so describe them.
The pubescent calyx is about 4 mm long with the teeth slightly longer than
the fused base.

The 3 to 5, sometimes 7 leaflets, pubescent calyx and pinkish-white flowers
immediately distinguish this species from any other perennial clover found in
the same area. The similar Trifolivm gymnocarpon Nutt, has leaflets that are
fine-toothed along the edge instead of coarse-toothed as in f. lemmonii. Ad¬
ditionally, the latter has a calyx curved at the base, whereas T. gymnocarpon
has a straight calyx. T. andersonii Gray is somewhat similar but is silky-
pubescent and has larger flower clusters and leaflets which are entire rather
than coarsely toothed as in T. lemmonii.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Dry rocky soil, hillsides. Associated plants: Artemisia tridentata3
Purshia tridentata3 Chrysothamnus nauseosus 3 Tetradymia sp., and
Pinus jeffreyi. Elevation: 1615-2010 m (5300-6600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Washoe County, Nevada. California.

STATUS: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E workshop, 2 Nov
1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Logging and wood-cutting.

REMARKS : Trifolivm lemmonii is rather widely distributed, but it is not abun¬
dant at any site in Nevada.

M»3

CENTAUR I UM NAMOPHILUM

CENTAUR I UM NAMOPHILUM Reveal, Broome & Beatley
Spring Loving Centaury

FAM I LY : Gentianaceae -- Gentian Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Centauriym namophiZvm Reveal, Broome & Beatley, Bulletin

of the Torrey Botanical Club, 100:353- 1973- Type:

Beatley and Reveal, Ash Meadows, Nye County, Nevada, 700 m, 25 July 1972. The
specific name, nconophifotm , comes from the Greek, nama means spring, and philos
means loving, describing the habitat.

DESCR I PT I ON : An erect annual becoming A. 5 dm (18 in) tall. The linear to

somewhat wider leaves are borne in opposite pairs on the stem and
reach a length of 5 cm (2 in).

There are many flowering branches which bear pink flowers on short (to 9 mm)
stalks. There are linear bracts at the base of the tubular calyx. The corolla
has a greenish tube 7 to 8 mm long with yellow and white zones at the top where
the 7 to 8 mm long petals begin. At the top of the corolla tube on the inside
are five dark purple spots. A narrow, linear seed capsule is eventually produced.

This species might be confused with Centauv'Lwn exaltatum (Griseb.) W. Wight but
the former differs in its shorter flower stalks and styles which are 6.5 to 7-5
mm long, over three times longer than those of the latter species.

Flowering from July to September.

HAB I TAT : Moist to wet clay soils along the banks of streams or in seepage areas.

Associated plants: Grindelia fraxino-pratensis , Haplopappus acradenius,
Distichlis spicata var. strieta, Fraxinus velutina var. coviaoea 3 and Pvosopis

pubeseens. Elevation: 670-1675 m (2200-5500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. California.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Novem¬

ber 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Utilization of land for agricultural or other

developmental purposes; diversion of water for
agricultural uses. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Because this plant has specific edaphic requirements, preservation of

its habitat is essential.

145

FRASERA GYPSICOLA

146

FRASERA GYPSICOLA (Barneby) D.M. Post
Sunnyside Green Gentian

FAMILY: Gentianaceae -- Gentian Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Frasera gypsiooZa (Barneby) D.M. Post, Botanical Ga¬
zette, 120:3- 1958. Synonym: Swertia gypsiooZa Bar¬
neby, Leaflets of Western Botany, 3 : 155- 1942. Type: Ripley and Barneby,
near Sunnyside, Nye County, Nevada, 4950-5000 ft, 20 July 1941. The specific
name, gypsiooZa, refers to the white saline soil on which these plants grow.

DESCR I PT I ON : A pale green or whitish perennial with a short, wide root-crown
from which arise many branches tightly pressed together. The
leaves are always opposite, close together, and grass-like, 5 to 9 cm (2 to
3.6 in) long by 1.5 to 2.5 mm wide. The leaves form a depressed mound 1 to
2 dm (4 to 8 in) wide.

The flowering stems have internodes 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) long. The high
est bracts of the inflorescence are ovate, minute, and membrane-margined.
Flowers are four-parted on slender pedicels 2 to 12 mm long. The calyx teeth
are 4 mm long and 1.5 to 2 mm wide and membrane-margined. The taper-poi nted
petals are 6 to 6.5 mm long by 2 mm wide, dull or shiny white, and freckled
with indigo above the greenish linear-oblong gland on the lower half of the
peta 1 .

The mature capsule is oblong and compressed, and 10 to 12 mm (0.4 to 0.5 in)
long.

This is a very distinctive Frasera and not likely to be confused with any
other species in our area. Frasera aZbomarginata S. Wats, is a taller plant
and has white margined leaves.

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT: Fine self-rising soil, encrusted with mineral salts. Associated

plants: Artemisia tridentata 3 StanZeya pinnata3 Frasera aZbomargin
ata3 and Lepidirm nanim. Elevation: 151 0-1 580 m (4950-5190 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979)- Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of For
estry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and Nevada Department of Wildlife.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Off-road vehicles. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Frasera gypsiooZa is only known from a single location. Other sim¬
ilar habitats in this area have been searched unsuccessfully for
this taxon. The Sunnyside population should be monitored.

147

FRASERA PAHUTENSIS

FRASERA PAHUTENSIS Reveal
Pahute Green Gentian

FAM I LY : Gentianaceae -- Gentian Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Frasera pahutensis Reveal, Bulletin of the Torrey Bo¬
tanical Club, 98:107- 1971- Type: Beatley and Reveal,
Pahute Mesa, Nye County, Nevada, 2195-2230 m, 4 June 1970. Both the specific
name, pahutensis, and the common name were taken from Pahute Mesa where the
type was collected.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low, spreading herbaceous perennial with a branched woody

root-stock system of 5 to 10 branches arising from a woody tap¬
root. The slender stems are 1 to 3 dm (4 to 12 in) long and like the leaves
are covered with minute, short soft hairs. The 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long
oblanceolate basal leaves are green except for a 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide white
margin. The margin itself is somewhat wavy to scalloped. The opposite stem
leaves are narrowly oblanceolate but reduced in size from the basal leaves.

The inflorescence is a narrow, branched system with 2 to 7 whorls of flowers
about one-third or less the height of the plant. The calyx has lanceolate
lobes 5 to 7 mm long and the greenish-white corolla lobes are 7 to 9 mm long.
The glands on the petals are narrowly oblong and 3 to 4 mm long by 0.6 to
0.8 mm wide and covered only at the base.

This species can be distinguished from the closely related Fvaseva pubevulen-
ta Davids, by the latter's stout stems (l or 2 per plant), broad inflorescen¬
ces comprising the upper half of the plant, a calyx longer than the corolla,
and petal glands covered about half their length.

Flowering from May to July.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly slopes and valley bottoms. Associated plants: Pinus

monophylla3 Junipevus osteosperma , Artemisia tvidentata _, Purshia
tridentata, Peraphyllum ramosissimum _, and Ranunculus andevsonii. Elevation:
2195-2410 m (7200-7900 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , DOE (Nevada Test Site), USFS, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing by animals. Insect predation. Min¬
ing activity. Road construction. Off-road

vehicles. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : In 1978 at one site, few stems remained at flowering time and no

seeds were formed. The populations should be monitored to see if
this is typi cal .

149

ELODEA NEVADENSIS

150

ELODEA NEVADENSIS St. John
Nevada Waterweed

FAM I LY : Hydrochari taceae -- Waterweed Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Elodea nevadensis St. John, Research Studies of the

State College of Washington, 30 ( 2 ) : 4 1 . 1962. Type:
Tracy and Evans, Wadsworth, Washoe County, NV , 21 July 1887- The specific
name, nevadenszs, apparently refers to the state of Nevada.

DESCR I PT I ON : A submerged aquatic sparingly branching, with the lower leaves
opposite and ovate, but with most leaves in whorls of three and
1 i near- 1 anceol ate . The leaves are 7 to 15 mm long, 1 to 2 mm wide with fine
teeth along the edge.

Male and female flowers occur on separate plants and only the female flowers
have been seen. The bract at the base of the female flower is 0.9 to 1.1 cm
long and cylindric with each flower having a thread-like floral tube 1 . 5 to 4

cm (0.6 to 1.6 in) long. The three sepals and three petals are about 3 mm

long and enclose the stigmas and three sterile stamens (staminodia) which ex¬
pand into petaloid tips.

This Is a dubious or possibly extinct species at best, whose main distinguish¬
ing feature is the expanded, petaloid tip of the staminodia. Vegetat i ve ly , it
resembles Elodea oandensis Richard which has leaves averaging 2 mm wide, with

occasional leaves up to 4 mm wide. From E. nuttallii (Planch.) St. John it

differs in the former having leaves averaging about 1 mm broad (with a range
of 0.5 to 1.5 mm) and a longer, tapering point to the leaf.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB 1 TAT : Ponds and streams. Associated plants: Elodea canadensis. Lerrma
minor, and Potamogeton orispus . Elevation: 1250 m (4100 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Storey and possibly Washoe counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Possibly extinct (1975 FR) ; endangered (1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno
T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979); possibly extinct (Mozingo and Wil-

1 i ams) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: Indian Reservation and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Diversion or depletion of the water supply.

REMARKS: This plant was originally found in "ponds near Wadsworth." Appar¬
ently these ponds are now dry. This waterweed has been searched
for without success.

151

PHACEL I A ANELSON I I

152

PHACELIA AN E L S ON I I J.F. Macbr.

A . Ne 1 son Phace 1 i a

FAM 1 LY : Hydrophyl laceae -- Waterleaf Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Phaoelia anelsonii J.F. Macbride, Contributions from the

Gray Herbarium, A9:25. 1917. Type: Goodding, Meadow
Valley Wash, Lincoln County, NV, 28 April 1902. This species was named in hon¬
or of Aven Nelson, the sponsor of many trips for botanical exploration.

DESCR I PT I ON : A 2 to A dm (8 to 16 in) high erect annual with a brownish, glan¬
dular pubescence and pinnately parted leaves which are narrowly
oblong or spatulate in outline. The 2 to 10 cm (0.8 to A in) leaves appear
somewhat more glandular pubescent than the stem.

The inflorescence is generally terminal on the main stem and produces short
stalked (2 mm) blue or violet flowers that are about 6 mm wide. The oblanceo-
late and finely pubescent calyx lobes are 3 to A mm long and sometimes glandu¬
lar. The stamens are shorter than the 6 mm long corolla and the style is about
the same length as the stamens.

The fruiting capsule is 2.5 to 3 mm long, glandular and finely pubescent at the
top.

This species can be separated from the common Phaoelia orenulata Torr. which it
vegetatively resembles by the latter's long stamens which extend beyond the co¬
rolla. P. ooerulea Greene also has short stamens but can be separated by its
thinner, purplish stems and seeds which are corrugated rather than simply pit¬
ted as i n P. anelsonii.

Flowering in April and May.

HAB I TAT : Shaded places in rich soil at the base of sandstone or limestone cliffs
or among rocks or in sandy and gravelly washes. Associated plants:

Junipevus osteosperma, Salvia dorrii s and Querous turbinella. Elevation: 760-
1525 m (2500-5000 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada. California and Utah.
STATUS : Threatened (1975 Pi?) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Although this species is widely distributed, it is scarce at any one
location. The full range and abundance of Phaoelia anelsonii should
be determined.

153

PHACELIA BEATLEYAE

154

•4

PHACELIA BEATLEYAE Reveal & Constance
Bea 1 1 ey Phace 1 i a

FAM I LY : Hyd rophy 1 1 aceae -- Waterleaf Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Phacelia beatZeyae Reveal & Constance, Brittonia, 24:

199- 1972. Type: Beatley and Reveal, Nevada Test Site,
Nye Co., NV, 4000-4500 ft, 29 April 1971- This species was named for Janice C.
Beatley who is inseparably identified with the botany of the Nevada Test Site.

DESCR I PT I ON : An erect, annual herb with one or a few stems reaching a height
of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in). The stems are glandular-fine pubes¬
cent and bear ovate or elliptical to suborbicular glandular-coarse pubescent
leaves 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) long. The leaf margins, which are nearly en¬
tire, are curled toward the underside.

The many flowered coiled inflorescence i s 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) long, with
individual flower stalks 7 to 12 mm long. When the flowers open the sepals are
unequal in size and 5 to 8 mm long, but they continue to elongate and become 8
to 10 mm long in fruit. Three of the sepals are narrow oblanceolate while the
remaining two are wider and spatulate. The corolla has a yellow tubular base
and an upper expanded lavender portion. The stamens are pubescent at the base.

From the similar Phaoelia parishii A. Gray, this species can be distinguished
by the lack of a basal rosette of leaves and leaves which are essentially en¬
tire. It differs from P. putoheZZa A. Gray in that the latter has larger pur¬
ple or violet flowers 7 to 14 mm long and seeds which are brown rather than
bl ack.

^lowering in April and May.

HAB 1 TAT : Gravel or volcanic tuff; along washes in canyons, or on loose talus,
or on steep barren slopes. Associated plants: AtripZex oonferti-
foZia3 A. hymene lytva, Lavrea trid&ntata3 Ambrosia dumosa, Chrysotharmus vis-
cidifZorus3 and CoZeogyne ramosissima. Elevation: 1 065— 1 77 0 m (2500-5800 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lincoln and Nye counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb¬
ruary 1978); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1 979 ) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: D0D (Nellis Air Force Base Bombing and Gunnery

Range) DOE (Nevada Test Site), and USFWS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Loose substrate. Engineering activities.

Some consumption of seeds by wildlife.

REMARKS : This annual appears to be more abundant in favorable years. In some
areas it grows on steep, inaccessible slopes which offer it protec¬
tion.

155

PHACELIA GLABERRIMA

156

PHACELIA GLABERRIMA (Torr) J.T. Howell
Smooth Phace 1 i a

FAM 1 LY : Hyd rophy 1 1 aceae -- Waterleaf Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Phaoelia glaberrima (Torr.) J.T. Howell, Leaflets of

Western Botany, 4:15- 1944. Synonyms: Ermenanthe
glabervima Torrey ex Watson, "Botany," p. 257- In: C. King, Report of the
geological explorations of the Fortieth Parallel. Vol . 5- 1871. Miltitzia
glabervima (Torr.) Brand, Das Pf 1 anzenre i ch , IV, 251:131. 1913- Type: Wat¬
son, Lower Humboldt and Reese River valleys, Nevada 4-5,000 ft, May-July, 1868
These plants are smooth, hence the common name and the specific name, glabev-
rima.

DESCR 1 PT I ON : An annual plant with several spreading stems up to 20 cm (8 in)
long, bearing broadly oblanceolate to elliptic, somewhat suc¬
culent and yellowish-green leaves which are entire or with a few coarse teeth
Typically, they are glabrous or else have a few hairs on the margins. The
lower leaves have petioles up to 2 cm long and leaf blades to 1.5 cm long.

The inflorescence may attain a length of 8 cm (3-2 in) with short-stalked lem
on yellow flowers about 3 to 4 mm long. The calyx segments are very unequal
in size and about 2.5 mm long, but becoming 4 to 5 mm when the plant is in
fruit with mature capsules of the same length.

From the similar yellow flowered P. lutea (Hook. & Arn.) J.T. Howell and P.
soopulina (A. Nels.) J.T. Howell, P. glaberrima may be generally separated
by its more open and deeply lobed corolla and glabrous style. Additionally,
the former two species are usually not glabrous, although smooth forms do
occur.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Low hills, weathered lacustrine tuff, moist clay soil. Associated
plants: Atviplex oonfevtifolia _, A. oanesoens 3 Saroobatus vermiou-
latus, Cleomella sp. , Bromus teotorurrij Phaoelia gyrrmooladaj P. soopulina _, and
scattered Juniperus osteosperma. Elevation: 1250-1830 m (4100-6000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Churchill, Lander, and Pershing counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 Pi?) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSH I P/MANAGEMENT: BLM, US Water and Power Resources Service, and

private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Phaoelia glaberrima was rarely collected prior to 1978. Since then
it has been found in several widespread localities. However, since
it is an annual its abundance and distribution may be variable. In one area
where plants were in great abundance in 1978, none were observed in 1979.

157

PHACELIA INCONSPICUA

158

PHACELIA INCONSPICUA Greene
Inconspicuous Phacelia

FAM I LY : Hyd rophy 1 1 aceae -- Waterleaf Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Phacelia inconspicua Greene, Erythea, 3:24. 1895.

Type: Greene, West Humboldt Mtns., Pershing County,
Nevada. 18 July 1894. The specific name, inconspicua, and the common name
both are descriptive of the plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : An erect stemmed annual up to 1.5 dm (6 in) high, freely branch
i ng from the base. The many elliptical leaves are 3-5 cm long
or less, green above and somewhat paler below. They are entire and softly pu
bescent and possess a short winged petiole.

The inflorescence is shorter than the leaves or the flowers sometimes con¬
gested on branchlets on the upper parts. Individual flower stalks are 1 to
3 mm long and bear 3 mm tubular-bell shaped whitish flowers with linear, pu¬
bescent, 3 nrn long calyx segments. The lobes on the corolla are erect and
not spreading. The stamens are equal to or barely exceed the corolla in
length, and have smooth stalks. The hairy style is 2.5 mm long.

The ovoid capsule is tapered to a short beak and is about 3 mm long, somewhat
pubescent, and produces 4 seeds.

Phacelia humilis T.&G, is similar but has hairy stamen stalks, violet flowers
and linear-oblong to ovate leaves. P. austvomontana J.T. Howell has glandu¬
lar stems and leaves, open bell-shaped flowers, and leaves which are often
pinnately lobed.

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT : Rocky north or west facing slopes on loose soil rich in organic mat

ter. Associated plants: Junipevus osteosperma3 Artemisia triden-
tata3 Hydrophyllum occidentale3 Microsteris gracilis3 Galium bifolium3 and
Perideridia bolanderi. Elevation: 1535-2415 m (5030-7920 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Pershing County, Nevada. Butte County, Idaho.

STATUS : Possibly extinct (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); endangered (Reno
T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979). Listed as threatened with extinction,
Nevada Division of Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; permit
required for collection.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: M i n i ng act i vi ty .

REMARKS : The fact that there is considerable distance between the two known
locations of Phacelia inconspicua suggests that this taxon may be
more widely distributed. It is small and not easily detected in the field.
Further surveys are necessary to determine the full range of this taxon and
the threats to it.

159

CALOCHORTUS STRIATUS

160

CALOCHORTUS STRIATUS Parish
Streaked Mariposa Lily

FAMILY: Liliaceae — Lily Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Caloahovtus stviatus Parish, Southern California Aca¬
demy of Sciences, 1:122. 1902. Type: Parish, Rabbit
Springs, Mojave Desert, CA, 2700 ft, May 1882. The petals of this mariposa
lily are striped (or streaked) with dark purple lines giving rise to the com¬
mon name and the specific name, stviatus.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial arising from a small underground storage stem (corm) ,
with two or three slender, erect branches reaching 3 dm (12 in)
in height. There are several leaves about as long as the stem branches and 4
to 25 mm wide.

Two to eight flowers are borne in an umbel with the light purple petals uniform¬
ly striate with darker purple veins, and with the lower half sparsely white-
hairy. The gland at the base of each petal is triangular and densely tufted
with ascending whitish hairs.

The mature capsule is 4.5 to 5 cm (1.8 to 2 in) long and angled.

The conspicuously purple lined petals easily separate this species from any
other likely to be found in Clark County. The nature of the gland separates
this Caloahovtus from any other in southern Nevada.

Flowering from April to June.

HAB I TAT : In alkaline meadows or near a seep area. Associated plants: Dis-
tiahtis spiaata var. striata s Cleomella sp., and Anemopsis aatifov-

nica. Elevation: 300-1370 m (985-4500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark and Nye counties, Nevada. California.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM, State of Nevada, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Urban expansion. Drying up of spring areas.

Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS: Calochovtus stviatus has been rarely collected in Nevada. Every ef¬
fort should be made to relocate this rare species and preserve its

hab i tat .

161

MENTZELIA LEUCOPHYLLA

'* PMLw

"TO

\)g Y*

z, yjljwy[fy&

/ W

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r feL/

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F/krY

v / .'t it

162

MENTZEL I A LEUCOPHYLLA Bdg.

Ash Meadows Blazing Star

FAM I LY : Loasaceae -- Loasa Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Mentzelia leueophylla Brandegee, Botanical Gazette 27:

448. 1899- Type: Purpus, Ash Meadows, Nye County, NV,
May-October, 1 898 . The specific name, leueophylla , refers to the leaves which
are covered with short white hairs.

DESCRIPTION: A biennial or short lived perennial plant with one to several

white stems from a short tap root and attaining a height of 5 dm
(20 in). The whitish-green basal leaves (not shown in the illustration) are
linear-oblong and with a wavy margin and 6 to 8 cm (2.4 to 3-2 in) long. The
similar stem leaves are proportionately wider and about 4 cm (1.6 in) long.

The leaves are densely clothed on both surfaces with short, rigid, upwardly
barbed hairs and with minute barbed bristles along the margin. The upper stem
leaves have a cordate-clasping base.

The flowers are bright yellow on 1 to 8 mm stalks in an open, broad inflores¬
cence. The narrow triangular sepals are 6 mm long and are exceeded by the 1 cm
spatulate petals which are slightly pubescent at the tip.

The nearly spherical capsule is 8 to 10 mm long and produces flat, narrowly
margined seeds.

Mentzelia oreophila Dari, resembles this species, but is smaller (to 15 cm),
has more slender and somewhat crooked stems and the leaves are narrower with
the lower ones possessing long petioles.

Flowering from June to September.

HABITAT : Along canyon washes and near spring areas, on sandy or saline clay

soils. Associated plants: Atriplex eonferti folia, Haplopappus aera-
denius 3 Cryptantha eonferti flora, Eneeliopsis nudieaulis var. eorrugata, and
Astragalus phoenix. Elevation: 670-1980 m (2200-6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. This taxon was listed in the Federal

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Novem¬

ber 1979). Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of
Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Utilization of land for agricultural or other

developmental purposes. Destruction by free
roaming horses. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS: Mentzelia leuaophylla appears to be limited to a particular edaphic
condition so that any loss of habitat is critical.

163

SPHAERALCEA CAESPITOSA

764

SPHAERALCEA CAESPITOSA M.E. Jones
Tufted Globe-mallow

FAM I LY : Malvaceae -- Mallow Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Sphaeraloea oaespitosa M.E. Jones, Contributions to

Western Botany, 12:4. 1908. Type: Jones, Beaver Co,,
Utah, 6000 ft, 25 June 1 906 . The specific name, oaespitosa, means tufted.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial with a thick, woody crown and relatively short stems
to 20 cm (8 in) long which are prostrate or ascending in habit.
The wide, thick, ovate leaves are prominently veined beneath, coarsely and
irregularly toothed and 2 to 4 cm (0.8 to 1.6 in) long. The leaves and stems
are densely soft-pubescent.

The inflorescence is few flowered (less than 10), with rather slender individ¬
ual flower stalks. The calyx is about 15 mm long and the lobes are about 3
times as long as the fused portion at the base. The petals are reddish-orange
in color and 22 mm long.

The fruits are approximately hemispherical and about half as long as the ca¬
lyx. At maturity they are divided into about 13 segments, with the upper por¬
tion of each becoming dehiscent, and the lower third remaining indehiscent.
Each segment contains one or two sparsely pubescent seeds.

From S. munroana (Dougl.) Spach and S. grossularii folia (H.&A.) Rydb. , this
species can be distinguished by its dwarf stature, longer hairs, few flowers
in the inflorescence and a more deeply divided calyx. From the common S.
parvifolia A. Nelson it can be separated by the same set of characters. The
Nevada plants tend to be somewhat taller than the Utah plants and differ in
other respects as well. The drawing was prepared from a Nevada plant.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly limestone soil, sometimes on sandy soil. Associated

plants: Eriogonum shookleyi 3 Atriplex oonferti folia 3 Koohia amer-
ioana3 Artemisia spinesoens3 Ephedra viridis3 Hilaria jamesii3 and Lyoium sp.

Elevation: 1525-1980 m (5000-6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. Beaver and Millard counties, Utah.
STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1 979 ) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: M i n i ng act i v i ty . Dr i 1 1 i ng for oi 1 . Proposed

MX system.

REMARKS : This species is extremely localized in Nevada.

165

FRAXINUS CUSPIDATA var. MACROPETALA

166

FRAXINUS CUSPIDATA Torr. var. MACROPETALA (Eastw.) Rehder

Fragrant Ash

FAM I LY : Oleaceae -- Ash Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Fraxinus ouspidata var. maoropetala (Eastw.) Rehder,

Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sci¬
ences, 53L.201. 1917. Synonym: F. maoropetala Eastwood, Bulletin of the Tor
rey Botanical Club, 20:49^. 1903- Type: Wooton, Grand Canyon, Coconino Co.
Arizona, 9 July 1902. This ash has flowers which have long petals hence the
varietal name, maoropetala.

DESCR I PT I ON : A 3 to 5 m (10 to 17 ft) tall shrub branching from the base,
with slender, upright stems. The leaves are compound with 3
to 5 broad, obovate or ovate leaflets which taper at both the base and the
tip. They are 1.5 to 3 cm (0.6 to 1.2 in) long with margins which have
pointed or rounded teeth.

The inflorescence bears numerous flowers which are green to white with a cor
olla about 12 mm long. The petals are united into a tube at the base with
the sepals equalling or a little longer than this tube. There are two sta¬
mens attached to the inside of the corolla tube.

The winged fruit ultimately reaches a length of 2 to 2.5 cm (0.8 to 1 in).

All the other Fraxinus species in the same general area have flowers which
lack petals. Fraxinus anomala Torr. usually has just one leaflet, rarely
three, while F. velutina var. ooriaoea (S. Wats.) Rehd. has three to seven
larger leaflets, 2 to 8 cm (0.8 to 3.2 in) long which are thicker and vary
in shape from lanceolate to. obovate.

Flowering in May.

HAB I TAT : About small springs or swamps. Associated plants: unknown. Ele¬
vation: 610-2200 m (2000-7215 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Arizona.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and/or possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : There are no known collection records for this taxon in Nevada
since 1934. A concerted effort should be made to relocate this
taxon in Nevada and determine the threats to it. Apparently it is widely
distributed in Arizona.

167

EPILOBIUM NEVADENSE

2 mm

168

EPILOBIUM NEVADENSE Munz
Nevada Will owhe r b

FAM I LY : Onagraceae -- Evening Primrose Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Epblobium nevadense Munz, Bulletin of the Torrey Botan¬
ical Club, 56:166. 1929. Type: Jaeger, Charleston

(Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, 9200 ft, 4 Sept 1927- The specific
name, nevadense, is taken from the Spanish word meaning snow-covered.

DESCR I PT I ON: A low, sub-shrubby, clumped perennial with a woody root-stock

producing dark brown prostrate branches with freely exfoliating
bark. These prostrate branches in turn give rise to numerous erect, slender,
straw-colored, often purple tinged, pubescent, simple stems 12 to 25 cm (4.8
to 10 in) high. The leaves are nearly hairless, somewhat glaucous, with small
teeth, either green or purplish, and tipped with an inconspicuous, stout, rig¬
id, gland. The lower leaf blades are opposite, obtuse, and 8 to 15 mm long by
2 to 3 mm wide. The main stem leaves are alternate, somewhat narrower, and
gradually reduced towards the top of the stem.

The flowers are in loose racemes, and either sessile or on short glandular
stalks. The calyx is glandular, 5 to 8 mm long, tinged reddish, and the ca¬
lyx teeth are turned backwards when the flowers open. The petals are rosy-
violet-purple, 6 to 7 mm long, broad, and notched at the tip. The smooth
style is about 10 mm long with a squarish 1 mm broad stigma bearing four some¬
what triangular reflexed lobes.

The capsules are glandular pubescent, 8 to 12 mm long by 1.5 to 2 mm wide. The
smooth brown seeds have a tuft of white hairs about 5 mm long.

While this species is similar to Epilob'ivon nivivm Bdg., the latter species dif¬
fers in its entire, pubescent, narrower leaves, and less glandular flowers.

The seeds of E. nivinm have a tuft of "dingy" white hairs.

Flowering from July to September.

HABITAT: Limestone talus slopes with rock outcrops or with considerable soil.

Associated plants: Pinus monophylla3 P. pondevosa var. seopulomm3
and Castitteja otokeyi. Elevation: 2270-2800 m (7450-9200 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Washington County, Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FT?); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Increased recreational use of the area. Un¬
stable talus slopes. The seeds sometimes are
eaten by moth larvae. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Epitobbum nevadense is very narrowly restricted in both Nevada and

and Utah. Increasing population in southern Nevada will increase the
impact on the plants there.

169

ARCTOMECON CALIFORNICA

170

ARCTOMECON CAL I FORN I C A Torr. & Frem.

Golden Bea r Poppy

FAM I LY : Papaveraceae -- Poppy Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Arotomeoon califomioa Torr. & Frem., In: Report of the

exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains, 312 (174).
1845* Type: Fremont, "...found in only a single station in the California
Mountains, on the banks of a creek." At that time the state of Nevada did not
exist, and the area in which the plants are now found was then part of Califor¬
nia. The generic name is from the Greek, arctos3 a bear, and mecon3 a poppy.

DESCR I PT I ON : A low, broad, caespitose perennial branching from a thick woody
root and attaining a height of 10 cm (4 in) not including the
flowering stems. The wedge-shaped oblanceolate leaves are 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to

1.2 in) long, glaucous and covered with 1 cm long white, spreading hairs.

The upper leaves may be sessile and may lack the three-toothed blunt apex.

The several naked flower stalks, 20 to 40 cm (8 to 16 in) long bear several
yellow flowers 5 to 8 cm (2 to 3 in) across. The 2 or 3 hairless sepals are

1.3 to 2 cm (0.5 to 0.8 in) long and drop off soon after the flower opens.

There are usually six yellow obcordate petals 2.5 to 4 cm (l to 1.6 in) long.

The many stamens and styles are united together.

The seed capsule attains a length of about 1.5 cm (0.6 in).

Arotomecon merriamii can also be found in this same area but it has white
flowers borne singly on each stem.

Flowering in April and May.

HAB I TAT : Barren, gravelly desert flats, hummocks, and slopes; often found in

soil heavily impregnated with gypsum. Associated plants: Larrea tri-
dentata 3 Ambrosia dwnosa3 Eneeliopsis argophylla var. grandiflora3 Lepidivm fre-
montii3 or Psorothccrmus fremontii. Elevation: 400-340 m (1310-2760 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Arizona near Lake Mead.

STATUS : Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979); threatened (Reno T/E

Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)* Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada
Division of Forestry (14 Feh 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit
requ i red .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM, D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range),

National Park Service, State of Nevada, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Urbanization. Off-road vehicles. Grazing and

habitat destruction by feral horses and burros.
Surface mining. Collection of plants for horticultural purposes. Proposed MX
system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Plants cannot be transplanted and apparently no one has been able to

grow plants successfully from seed to maturity. Known populations of
this taxon should be monitored.

171

ARCTOMECON MERR I AM I I

172

ARCTOMECON MERRIAMII Cov.
Merr i am Bear Poppy

FAM I LY : Papaveraceae -- Poppy Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Arotomeoon merriamii Coville, Proceedings of the Biolog¬
ical Society of Washington, 7:66. 1 8 92 . Type: Merriam
and Bailey, a few miles west of the Vegas Ranch, Lincoln County (now Clark Co.),
Nevada, 750 m, 1 May 1 89 1 . This poppy is dedicated to C.H. Merriam, one of the
collectors of the type specimen.

DESCR I PT I ON: A perennial producing a clump of cuneate-oblanceolate leaves from
short stems atop a stout taproot. The leaves are clothed with
very long, spreading hairs. There are several flowering stems which may reach
a height of 3-5 dm (14 in).

Each flowering stem bears a single flower with 3 sepals and 6 white petals.
There are numerous stamens and a narrow oblong ovary. The capsule may eventu¬
ally attain a length of about 3-5 cm (1.4 in).

This is a very unique plant easily separated from Aratomeaon oali- formica Torr.

S Frem. which has yellow flowers borne 6 to 20 on the flower stalks and ovate
capsules only about 1.5 cm long.

Flowering from April to early June.

HAB I TAT : Shallow gravelly soil, limestone outcrops, or flats or old lake beds.

Associated plants: Larrea tridentata, Atriplex oonferti folia, Cole-
ogyne ramosissima , and Ambrosia dimosa . Elevation: 670- 1 465 m (2200-4800 ft).

KNOWN D I STR I BUT I ON : Clark, Lincoln, and Nye counties, Nevada. California.

STATUS : Threatened (1979 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT:
and private.

BLM, DOE (Nevada Test Site), D0D (Nellis AFB Bomb¬
ing and Gunnery Range), State of Nevada, USFWS,

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Urban expansion. Land development. Off-road

vehicles. Removal of plants for horticultural

purposes. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : It is possible that Arotomeoon merriamii has been extirpated near Las

Vegas by development of that metropolitan area. However, it is a
widely distributed species. There will be no threats to it in the Desert Na¬
tional Wildlife Range if present management policies continue.

173

G I L I A R I PLEY I

174

G I L I A R I PLEY I Barneby
Ripley G i 1 i a

FAM 1 LY : Pol emon i aceae -- Phlox Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Gilia vipleyi Barneby, Leaflets of Western Botany, 3:

12^. 19^2. Synonym: Gilia gilmanii Jepson, Flora of
California, 3:192. 19^3- Type: Ripley and Barneby, south end of Specter
Range, Nye County, Nevada, 3100 ft, 18 July 19^1- The specific name, vipleyi ,
and the common name both honor Dwight Ripley, one of the collectors of the
type.

DESCRIPTION: A many-stemmed perennial somewhat woody at the base and bearing
characteristic holly-shaped leaves 3 to b cm (1.2 to 1.6 in)
long by 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) wide, toothed with rigid triangular teeth
about h mm long.

The inflorescence is open and densely glandular as are the leaves. Flower ped¬
icels are threadlike and bear bright rose colored to sometimes pale pink flow¬
ers. The calyx varies from 2 to 6 mm in length while the corolla varies from
7 mm to 2 cm in length.

This is an easily recognized Gilia which could be confused only with Gilia
latifolia S. Wats., which, however, is an annual plant confined to gravelly
desert washes unlike G. vipleyi which usually is confined to the exposed cre¬
vices of limestone cliffs.

Flowering from May to October; the peak of flowering is in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Exposed crevices of steep south-facing limestone cliffs, occasion¬
ally in loose talus or gravelly slopes below cliffs. Associated

plants: Eaplopappus briokellioides 3 Pevityle megalocephala var. intvioata ,
Penstemon petiolatus} Gilia saopulorum , Buddleja utahensis , and occasional¬
ly with Agave utahensis var. ebovispina3 Larrea tridentata3 or Atviplex eon-

fevtifolia. Elevation: 9 1 5 ~ 1 5 2 5 m (3000-5000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark, Lincoln, and Nye counties, Nevada. Inyo County,

Ca 1 i f orn i a .

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , DOE (Nevada Test Site), D0D (Nellis AFB Bomb¬
ing and Gunnery Range); USFWS and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Erosion or landslides. Mining activity. Pro¬
posed MX system.

REMARKS : The rarity of this species and its specialized habitat requirements

indicate that the known populations should be monitored.

175

PHLOX GLADIFORMIS

176

PHLOX GLADIFORMIS (Jones) E. Nels.
Musky Phlox

FAMILY: Pol emon i aceae -- Phlox Family

CITATION AND HISTORY:

Phlox gladifovmis (Jones) E. Nelson, Revision of the
Western North American Phloxes, p. 21. 1899- Synonym:

Phlox longifolia var. gladifovmis Jones, Proceedings of the California Academy
of Sciences, Ser. 2, 5:711. 1895- Type: M.E. Jones, Cedar Creek Canyon, Utah,
11 June 1894. The specific name, gladifovmis, is descriptive of the dagger
shaped leaf. The musky odor gives this plant its common name.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial which forms a cushion 6 to 15 cm (2.4 to 6 in) high
with the stems and leaves glandular-hairy and characteristically
producing, when fresh, a strong musky odor. The firm and sharp-pointed leaves
are linear lanceolate and may reach a length of 25 mm.

The inflorescence commonly produces 1 to 3 pale lilac to lavender or whitish
flowers which are glandular-pubescent. The sepals are united for 3/8 to 5/8
of their length and may become 9-5 mm long. The tubular portion of the cor¬
olla is 8 to 15 mm long, with the petal blade averaging 7 mm long. The style
varies from 2.5 to 5-5 mm long.

This species somewhat resembles the similar P. douglasii Hook., but the lat¬
ter has smaller leaves, generally shorter corolla tubes, and slightly shorter
petal blades. The calyx is glandular and long-hairy unlike the simply glan¬
dular pubescent calyx of P. gladifovmis. However, the most striking field
characteristic of this rare phlox is its unusual musky odor.

Flowering from May to July.

HAB I TAT : Gravelly, heavy clay soil; rocky slopes. Associated plants: yel¬
low pine forest community. Elevation: 915-2440 m (3000-8000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Lincoln County, Nevada. Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Not enough is known about this rare taxon in Nevada to determine

if there are any other threats to it. An intensive search should
be conducted to determine its distribution and abundance.

177

ER I OGONUM ANEMOPH I LUM

0.3 mm

178

ER I OGONUM ANEMOPHILUM Greene
Wind Loving Buckwheat

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonum anemophilum Greene, Pittonia, 3:199. 1897-

Synonym: Eriogonum oehrooephalum S. Wats. ssp. anem¬
ophilum (Greene) S. Stokes, The Genus Eriogonum, p. 92. 1936. Type: Greene,
northern end of West Humboldt Range, Nevada, July 1894. The common name and
the specific name, anemophilum , refer to the bleak windy summits where these
plants grow.

DESCR I PT I ON: A low, clumped perennial with a woody root-stock, very leafy
with the leaves densely white pubescent. The leaf blades are
obovate to subcircular, up to 1.3 cm (0.5 in) long and possess petioles of a
s imi lar length.

The leafless flower stalks are up to 7.6 cm (3 in) tall and bear a terminal
cluster of flowers embedded in a loose, white, woolly pubescence. The peri¬
anths are cream colored fading to reddish and not narrowed at the base; the
individual segments are broad and obtuse or notched at the tip. The staminal
filaments and ovary are hairless.

The typical form of Eriogonum oohrocephalum differs in having oblanceolate
leaves 2 to 5 cm (0.8 to 2 in) long and yellow flowers. Plants of the Sierra
Nevada were incorrectly referred to Eriogonum anemophilum.

Flowering in late June and July.

HABITAT: Exposed ridges and slopes in loose gravel of limestone or on vol¬

canic outcrops. Associated plants: Haplopappus aeaulis3 Pteryxia
terebinthina, Astragalus aalycosus var. oalyoosus 3 Lygodesmia spinosa3 Eriog-
onim umbellatum var., Chrysothamnus visoidiflorus3 Artemisia arbusaula 3 and
Poa sandbergii. Elevation: 2195-2575 m (7200-8450 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Pershing and Humboldt counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Trampling by wild horses. Mining activity.

REMARKS : Considering the wide distribution of the populations of Eriogonum

anemophilum 3 at the present time the taxon as a whole is not
threatened. The remote locations where it is found offer additional pro¬
tect i on .

179

ERIOGONUM ARGOPHYLLUM

180

ER I OGONUM ARGOPHYLLUM Reveal
Silver Leaf Buckwheat

FAMILY: Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonum argophyllum Reveal, Phytologia, 23:168.

1972. Type: Holmgren and Kern, Sulphur Hot Springs,
Elko County, Nevada, 6050 ft, 7 July 1 969 . The common name is derived from
the specific name, argophyllum.

DESCRIPTION: A low, clumped herbaceous perennial typically forming a mat 1
to 2 dm (4 to 8 in) across. The oblanceolate to elliptic leaf
blades are 4 to 8 mm long with a short petiole 0.5 to 1 mm long. The petiole
base is expanded into a section 1 to 2.5 mm broad. The leaves are densely
white pubescent on both surfaces.

The flowering stems are leafless, with the individual flowers congested into
a head 5 to 10 mm across. The lanceolate bracts at the base of the flower
head are 5 to 6 scale-like structures 2 to 2.5 mm long, and fused basal ly.

The individual flowers are yellow, becoming tinged with reddish-brown at ma¬
turity in some. They are glandular within, especially along the midribs,
and sparsely glandular along the midribs without. The outer whorl of peri¬
anth segments is composed of broader segments than the inner whorl. The
relatively long, exserted stamens (3 to 3-5 mm long) are sparsely pubescent
at the base of the filaments.

This species is somewhat similar to Eriogonum kingil T.SG., but the latter
species has larger leaves (blades 5 to 10 mm long, the petioles 4 to 12 mm
long), fewer involucres per head (3 to 5, compared to 5 to 7 for E. argo¬
phyllum), and bigger involucres (3 to 3-5 mm long, contrasted with 2 to 2.5

mm for E. argophyllum) .

Flowering in June and July.

HAB I TAT : Sandy washes on crusty mineralized sand below a saline hot spring
on a ranch. Associated plants: Seneaio sp. Shadscale surrounds
the ranch. Elevation: 1845 m (6050 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1 979) • L i sted as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of For¬
estry ( 1 4 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT: Private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing. Any change in land use or change in

water flow from the spring.

REMARKS : Eriogonum argophyllum is only known from one location. Apparently
it is restricted to a particular edaphic condition. Many nearby
spots which appear to be similar have been searched without success.

181

182

ER10G0NUM BIFURCATUM Reveal
Pahrump Valley Buckwheat

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonion bifurcation Reveal, Aliso, 7:357- 1971- Type:

Reveal, Pahrump Valley, Nye County, NV , 13 June 1970.

The specific name, bifurcation, refers to the way the plants branch.

DESCRIPTION: A low, spreading annual 1.5 to 4 dm (6 to 16 in) high, and 3 to
15 dm (12 to 60 in) across, counting the width of the inflores¬
cence. The plants are nearly hairless, with the basal leaves round-cordate
and with blades 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) long and wide. They are densely
white pubescent below.

The main flowering stem is short, green, and glaucous. The bracts at the nodes
of the inflorescence branches are scale-like and 1 to 2 mm long. The individual
involucres are erect, sessile, 2 to 2.5 mm long, and hairless. Each involucre
bears 10 to 20 white flowers with greenish to reddish midribs and bases; each
flower is 1.5 to 2 mm long. The outer perianth segments are much broader than
the inner and slightly longer. The exserted stamens have filaments which are
sparsely pubescent basal ly and have red to reddish-purple anthers.

This species most closely resembles Eriogonwn insigne S. Wats., however, at ma¬
turity, the latter is a larger plant, often more than 1 meter tall, with a nar¬
row inflorescence.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Rolling hills, saline flats. Associated plants: Atriplex conferti-
folia and A. canescens. Elevation: 760-775 m (2500-2550 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Destruction of habitat by farming and housing

developments. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : The known populations of Eriogonum bifurcation should be monitored.

183

xM'J
.\V it

ER I OGONUM DARROV I I

184

ERIOGONUM DARROVII Kearney
Da r row Buckwhea t

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

C I TATI ON AND H 1 STORY : Eviogonim davvovii Kearney, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 4:267- 1946. Type: Darrow, Coconino County,
Arizona, 31 August 1945- The species was named for the collector of the
type specimen, Robert A. Darrow.

DESCR I PT I ON : An annual, compact, many branched plant with short internodes
and numerous leaves. Individual branches may be up to 10 cm
(4 in) long. The elliptical or spatulate leaf blades are about 10 mm long
by 8 mm wide, with only a small diminution in size upwards. Leaves, stems,
bracts, and involucres are minutely and softly pubescent.

The subsessile involucres are solitary in the leaf axils and bear up to 18
flowers each. The flowers are yellow in bud, but turn pink about the time
they open. The individual flowers are about 1.5 mm long.

This is a very distinctive species, and while the flowers resemble those of
other species, the general form and leafy nature of the plant separate it
unmistakably from other buckwheats.

Flowering in late July and August.

HAB I TAT : Very hard, dry, fine soil with chunks of limestone; in washes and
and on flats. Associated plants: Junipevus osteospevma3 Chvyso-
thamnus visoidif lovus 3 Artemisia tvidentata3 Petrophytum eaespitosum3 and
Cowania mexicana var. stansbuviana. Elevation: 1860-1 980 m (6100-6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye and White Pine counties, Nevada. Arizona.

STATUS : Endangered (1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979);

watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); deleted (Mozingo and
Willi ams) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and Nevada State Department of Wildlife.
EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Recent collections have extended the range of Eviogonim davvovii

cons i derab 1 y .

185

ER I OGONUM HOLMGREN I I

186

ERIOGONUM HOLMGREN I I Reveal
Holmgren Buckwheat

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonum holmgrenii Reveal, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 10:184. 1965. Type: Holmgren and Reveal, Snake
Range, White Pine County, Nevada, 11, 280 ft, 10 August 1984. This species is
named in honor of Noel H. Holmgren, one of the collectors of the type specimen

DESCR I PT I ON : A dense, mat-forming perennial branching from a woody base. The
oblanceolate or spatulate leaves are densely whitish-green tomen
tose below, less so above, and 3 to 10 mm long by 2 to 4 mm wide. Intermin¬
gled with the long hairs are small stalked glands. The petiole i s 2 to 6 mm
long, the expanded petiole base is 2 mm wide.

The leafless flower stalks are erect, up to 3 cm (1.2 in) tall, with 2 to 4
involucres each with many flowers. The flower stalks are wool 1 y-tomentose
with stalked glands. Individual flower pedicels are smooth except for a few
scattered glands at the base. The flowers are 2.5 to 3 mm long and sparsely
glandular outside. Flower color varies from white to pink, turning orange
and deep red at maturity.

This species resembles Eriogonum graciliipes S. Wats., but can be separated
easily by the latter's longer glandular (not woolly-glandular) flower stalks
3 to 8 cm (1.2 to 3-2 in) long, inflorescences with 5 to 7 involucres, and
pedicels glandular at the top. E.. kingii Torr. & Gray which grows in the
same area has greenish-yellow or pale yellow flowers which become tinged with
red at maturity.

Flowering from June to August.

HAB I TAT : Crevices of rocks, on quartzite ridges, or with limestone boulders
on talus slopes. Associated plants: Primula nevadensis 3 Aquile-
qia scopulorum, or Penstemon francisoi-pennellii. Elevation: 3325-3600 m
(10,900-11 ,800 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: White Pine County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: U S F S .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing by animals on unstable slopes.

REMARKS : More field work should be done to determine the full range of this
buckwheat .

187

ER I OGONUM LEMMON I I

188

ERIOGONUM LEMMONII S. Wats.

Lemmon Buckwheat

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonum lemmonii S. Watson, Proceedings of the Amer¬
ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12:266. 1 876 . Type:
Lemmon, on sand hills and bare volcanic rocks, near Reno, Nevada, 1 8 76 . This
taxon is named for J.G. Lemmon, the collector of the type specimen.

DESCRIPTION: An annual plant averaging 23 cm (9 in) high with a basal rosette
of orbicular to reniform leaves which are somewhat pubescent
with short, spreading hairs. The hollow stalk may be somewhat inflated.

The broad involucre is glandular-pubescent, 5 to 7 toothed, and 3 mm or less
long. The flowers are pale rose-colored to yellowish and 1 to 2 mm long. The
calyx is not stipe-like at the base.

This species can be separated from somewhat similar species found in the same
area by its sessile, broad and glandular involucre and flowers which are not
noticeably deflexed downwards. It can be easily separated from E. rubrioaule
Tidestr. by the latter's smooth involucre (or at most with a few hairs along
the edges) and noticeably more branched inflorescence with much more slender
branch lets.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT: Rolling hills, weathered lacustrine tuff; fine light colored sandy
loams and silt loams are at the surface, grading to clay loam and
clay in the lower horizons. Associated plants: Eriogonum deflexum3 E. infla-
tum3 E. oehrooephalum var., E. rubrioaule 3 Salvia dorrii3 Atriplex oonferti-
folia3 Saroobatus bailey i3 Tetradymia glabrata 3 Oryzopsis. hymenoides 3 Haloge-
ton glomeratus3 Salsola kali3 Oenothera olavaeformis var._, and Psathyrotes
annua. Elevation: 1280-1450 m (4200-4750 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Churchill, Lyon, and Storey counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Possibly extinct (1975 FP) ; endangered (1976 FR) ; threatened (Reno
T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)- Listed as threatened with extinction,

Nevada Division of Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; permit
required for collection.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Off-road vehicles. Other recreational use of

the habitat.

REMARKS : Eriogonum lemmonii is an annual species which apparently only appears
in favorable years. Plants were abundant in 1978 but were very scarce
in 1979. The known populations should be monitored and this taxon should be
searched for in similar habitats.

189

E R I OGONUM LCTBB II va r .

ROBUSTUM

190

ERIOGONUM LOBBII T.SG. var. ROBUSTUM (Greene) Jones

Altered Andesite Buckwheat

FAMILY: Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonum lobbii var. robustum (Greene) Jones, Contri¬
butions to Western Botany, 11:7. 1903. Synonym: Evio
gonum vobustum Greene, Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences, 1(3):
126. 1885. Type: Curran, Geiger Grade, Washoe County, Nevada, July 1884.

The specific name, vobustum, describes the robust habit of these plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : A many branched tufted perennial from a stout woody root-stock
bearing round or oval leaves which are densely pubescent and
have blades 1 to 4 cm (0.4 to 1.6 in) long on relatively long petioles.

The pubescent, leafless flower stalks are erect and about 15 cm (6 in) high
and form a broad subdivided umbel. The main umbel is subtended by spatulate
bracts, while the smaller umbel lets are subtended by 1 i nea r- 1 anceol ate bracts

The involucres are about 12 mm long and enclose cream-colored flowers about
6 mm long.

This variety is easily distinguished from the typical species by the latter's
few branches, smaller size, and particularly by the prostrate, or nearly so,
inflorescence stalks. There are no other eriogonums in the area with which
this could easily be confused.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Barren altered andesite slopes. Associated plants: sagebrush-
pi nyon-j un i per , Pinus pondevosa.j and P. jeffveyi grow nearby.
Elevation: 1310-1710 m (4300-5600 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Storey and Washoe counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Land development for homesites. Off-road

veh i cl es .

REMARKS : This buckwheat is apparently restricted to altered andesite soil

and is only known from a limited area. Because of the rapid growth
in population in this section of western Nevada, much of the suitable habitat
is being destroyed.

191

ER I OGONUM V I SC I DULUM

192

ERIOGONUM VISCIDULUM J.T. Howell
Sticky Buckwheat

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Eriogonum visoidulum J.T. Howell, Leaflets of West¬
ern Botany, 3:138. 1 942 . Type: Eastwood and Howell,
near Riverside, Virgin River, Clark County, Nevada, 8 May 1941. The common
name and the specific name, viscidutum , refer to the sticky stems and branch¬
es of this species.

DESCR I PT I ON : An annual reaching 4 dm (16 in) in height, with the leaves all
basal, and with the circular or reniforme blades pubescent be¬
neath and thinly so or smooth above. The stems and branches are finely glan¬
dular to such an extent that sand and debris commonly adhere. Only the up¬
permost threadlike branches lack the glutinous covering.

The inflorescence is open and diffuse; the peduncles are slender and 0.5 to
2.5 cm long and smooth. The individual flowers are smooth to sparsely hairy,
and yel lowi sh .

This species may be easily distinguished from all related annual species by
the glandular nature of the stem and branches.

Flowering in April and May.

HABITAT: Washes and flats in sandy soil. Associated plants: Larrea triden-
tata3 Ambrosia dumosa _, Prosopis glandulosa3 Psorothamnus fremontii3
Eriogonum trichopes3 Astragalus geyeri var. triquetrus3 A. nyensis3 A. nuttal
Zianus var. imperfeotus3 and Oryzopsis hymenoides. Elevation: 460-760 m
(1500-2500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of Forestry
(14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Flooding and washouts. Commercial removal of

sand and gravel. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Prior to 1979, Eriogonum visoidutum was only known from the type lo
cality. Field study extended the range to several other nearby lo¬
cations. However, this taxon is still limited in its distribution and known
populations should be monitored. Because it is an annual, its occurrence may
vary according to seasonal conditions.

193

OXYTHECA WATSON I I

194

OXYTHECA WATSON II T . &G .
Watson Oxytheca

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Oxytheca Watsonii Torrey and Gray, Proceedings of the

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 8:191* 1870.

Type: Watson, Monitor Valley, Nevada, 5500 ft, July 1868. The specific name,
watsonii, and the common name both honor the collector of the type specimen,
Sereno Watson.

DESCRIPTION:
1 ong .

A small annual 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 in) tall with a basal rosette
of oblong-spatulate pubescent leaves 1.3 to 4 cm (0.5 to 1.6 in)

From the rosette arises the glandular flowering stem which characteristically
branches into many smaller branches which digress from each other at wide angles.
The bracts on the flowering stems are ovate or ovate- 1 anceol ate and have a long
awn at the tip. The bracts are typically fused at the base usually only on one
side of the stem. Additional lobes may be present at the base of the bracts.

The upper bracts are reduced in size. Generally three flowers are borne together
and subtended by a funnel-shaped involucre composed of four fused bracts each of
which is tipped with a long awn about 2 mm long. The flower has no petals, but
only white petal-like sepals which are finely pubescent on the midvein.

The somewhat similar Oxytheca dendnoidea Nutt, is easily separated by basal
leaves which are narrowly linear to 1 i nea r-ob 1 anceo 1 ate rather than spatulate as

in 0. watsonii.

Flowering in June and possibly in July.

HAB I TAT : Alkali flats, gravelly washes; sometimes in sandy soil. Associated
plants: AtviipZex sp. Elevation: 1340-1980 m (4400-6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Eureka and Mineral counties, Nevada.

STATUS: Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , USFS , and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : One population was found growing with seeded crested wheat, so apparently

this taxon can tolerate disturbance. Oxytheca Watsonii has been very
rarely collected and is never abundant at any one site.

195

LEW I S I A MAGU I RE I

196

LEWI S I A MAGU I RE I Holmgren
Maguire Lewisia

FAM I LY : Portu 1 acaceae -- Purslane Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Lewisia maguirei Holmgren, Leaflets of Western Bot¬
any, 7:136. 1 954. Type: Maguire and Holmgren,

Quinn Canyon Range, Nye County, Nevada, 7500 ft, 8 June 1945. This taxon
is named for Bassett Maguire, one of the collectors of the type.

DESCR I PT I ON: A perennial with fleshy 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) leaves at
the top of a succulent branched taproot. The leaves and in¬
florescence are suffused with a rose color.

Two or three flowers are borne on each inflorescence stalk (rarely only one)
The bracts subtending the main flower cluster are ovate and obtuse. The in¬
dividual flower stalks are 3 to 9 mm long and are each subtended by a narrow
linear oblong bract up to 10 mm long. There are 3 or 4 sepals and 7 to 9
white to pinkish petals about 8 to 12 mm long. The pistil has 4 to 6 styles
and is surrounded by the 7 to 9 stamens.

The only other Lewisia found in this general area would be L. rediviva Pursh
and this species can be readily distinguished by the linear-lanceolate and
attenuate bracts found subtending the main flower clusters. L. rediviva
also has larger flowers and never has more than one flower on each inflores¬
cence stalk.

Flowering in June.

HABITAT: Limestone scree slopes, loose denuded soil. Associated plants:

Pinus monophylla3 Juniperus osteosperma 3 Artemisia tridentata3
Frasera albomarginata3 Physaria ehambersii3 Hymenoxys aeaulis3 and Astrag¬
alus oalyeosus var. ealyeosus. Elevation: 2285-2380 m (7500-7800 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS: Threatened (1975 FR) ; endangered (1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E
Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNF.RSH I P/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS: This rare species should be searched for in other similar habitats

197

PRIMULA CAP I LLAR I S

198

PRIMULA CAPILLARIS N. Holmgren & A. Holmgren
Ruby Mountains Primrose

FAMILY: Primulaceae -- Primrose Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: PvvmaZa cccpiVlaris N. Holmgren and A. Holmgren, Brit-

tonia, 26:313- 1974. Type: N. Holmgren and Reveal,
Ruby Mountains, Elko County, Nevada, 3000 m, 15 July 1965- The specific name,
cccp'LiZavis , describes the delicately small, narrow leaves and thin stems of
this primrose which is the most diminutive in the United States.

DESCRIPTION: A small, delicate perennial herb 1 to 5 cm (0.4 to 2 in) high

with linear or somewhat wider oblancolate leaves 1 . 8 to 5 cm
(0.7 to 2 in) long which are gradually contracted into a winged petiole.

The leafless flower stalks bear one or rarely two flowers 14 to 36 mm (0.6 to

1.4 in) long. The corolla tube is yellow and the lobes are violet. The ca¬

lyx is narrow and about 6 mm long.

This is the smallest of our primulas, P. nevadens'is N. Holmgren is the only
other small primrose in the state with which this might be confused. However,
P. nevadensis has toothed leaves commonly overtopping the flower stalks which
bear 1 to 8 flowers that are distinctly smaller (3 to 11 mm long).

Flowering in July and August.

HAB I TAT : Headwaters of a creek, granitic rock. Associated plants: grasses,

SeZagineZZa watsonii _, PotentiZZa fvutioosa, and Pinus aZb-iaauZis .

Elevation: 2880-3000 m (9500-10,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno- T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979)- Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of
Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Collection of plants for horticultural pur¬
poses. Grazing.

REMARKS: As far as is known, PrimuZa eapiZZaris has not been successful in

cultivation. This primrose is only known from one small area, and,
although this area is supposed to be closed to grazing, sheep have been in the
area.

199

PRIMULA NEVADENSIS

200

PRIMULA NEVADENSIS N. Holmgren
Nevada P r I mrose

FAMILY: Primulaceae -- Primrose Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Pvimula nevadensis N. Holmgren, Madrono, 19:27. 1967.

Type: Holmgren, Reveal, and La France, Snake Range,

White Pine County, Nevada, 11,500 ft, 20 July 1965- The specific name, neva¬
densis, refers possibly to the name of our state or to the snowy peaks where
these primroses grow.

DESCRIPTION: A small perennial herbaceous plant with erect oblanceolate to
linear oblanceolate minutely hairy and glandular leaves. The
leaves are 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long and either coarsely toothed or entire.

The flower stalks are shorter than the leaves and bear an umbel of 1 to 8
flowers varying in size from 3 to 11 mm long. The violet corolla has a yellow
throat and a dark purple ring around the throat. The anthers are yellow to
yel low orange.

No other small Pvimula occurs in the area with which this might be confused.
The common P. pavvyi Gray is a much larger plant with leaves up to 30 cm long.

Flowering in July and August.

HAB I TAT: Limestone cliffs and talus slopes. /'ssociated plants: Pinus lon-
gaeva, Aquilegia caevulea 3 Ribes montigenum3 Heucheva pavvi folia 3
Pieea engelmannii3 or Eviogonum holmgvenii . Elevation: 3355-3505 m (11,000-
1 1 ,500 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye and White Pine counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb

1979); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mining activity. Removal of plants for hor¬
ticultural purposes.

REMARKS : To our knowledge, Pvimula nevadensis has not been successfully cul¬

tivated. While it is not scarce at its known locations, it seems
to require a unique habitat. It has been searched for in similar locations
without success.

201

I VES I A CRYPTOCAUL I S

202

IVESIA CRYPT OCAU L I S (Clokey) Keck
Charleston I ves i a

FAM I LY : Rosaceae -- Rose Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Ivesia oryptoaauZis (Clokey) Keck, Lloyd ia, 1:130.

1938. Synonym: PotentiZZa oryptoaauZis Clokey,
Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin, 37:4. 1938. Type:

Clokey, Charleston Peak, Clark County, Nevada, 3500 m, 8 July 1937- The
specific name, oryptocauZis , refers to the hidden stems of the plants.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial with threadlike prostrate branches with ascend¬
ing tips, 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long, forming a mat 2 to 3
cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) high. The stems and leaves are glandular and pubes¬
cent with fine, long hairs. The leaves are 1 to 2.5 cm long with 5 to 10
pairs of crowded leaflets, each 1.5 to 2.5 mm long.

The flat-topped inflorescence is few-flowered with yellow flowers producing
narrow petals somewhat exceeding the sepals in length. There are 5 stamens
and 6 to 10 pistils.

The achenes are smooth, compressed, and have a thickened ridge along one
side, and are 1.4 to 1.8 mm long.

The related Ivesia shoekZeyi S. Wats, has smaller petals, less than 3-5 mm
long, which are also shorter than the sepals, a smaller number of pistils
(usually 3), and larger achenes which have an outgrowth on one side.

Flowering from June to August.

HABITAT: Flats and gravelly limestone slopes near timber-line. Associa¬

ted plants: Pinus Zongaeva3 Sphaeromevia eompaeta, Draba jaegeri3
and AquiZegia scopuZovum. Elevation: 3300-3500 m (10,820-11,480 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1,975 and 1976 FP) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 9

Feb 1979); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS:
di rectly) .

Free roaming horses. Foot-traffic on un¬
stable slopes. Proposed MX system (in-

REMARKS:

The expanding population in southern -Nevada will increase the
impact on the plants in the Spring Mountains.

203

I VES I A EREM I CA

20^

I VES I A EREM I CA (Cov . ) Rydb .

Ash Meadows Ivesia

FAM I LY : Rosaceae -- Rose Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Ivesia evemiea (Cov.) Rydberg, North American Flora, 22

286. 1908. Synonym: Rotentilla evemiea Cov., Proceed¬
ings of the Biological Society of Washington, 7:76. 1892. Type: Coville and
Funston, Ash Meadows, Nye Co., Nevada, 740 m, 2 March 1 89 1 - The specific name
comes from the Greek, evemia , meaning desert or wilderness.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial with a thick, woody root-crown bearing a tuft of

grayish, pubescent leaves (which are sometimes nearly hairless)
which reach a length of 13 cm (5.2 in). Each pinnately compound leaf bears up

to 60 pairs of leaflets about 2 to 2.5 mm wide.

The few flowered inflorescence bears white flowers with calyx segments 3 to 4
mm long and petals which are about 2 mm longer.

The grayish, pinnately divided narrow leaves make this a distinctive plant not
easily confused with anything else in its locale. It resembles the more wide¬
spread Ivesia kingii S. Wats., but differs significantly in its pubescent as¬

pect, while the latter species is quite hairless. Additionally the leaves of
I. kingii are only half as long and bear only 20 to 25 pairs of leaflets.

Flowering from August to-October.

HAB I TAT : Light-colored clay uplands, saline seep areas. Associated plants:

Atviplex eon fevti folia , Haplopappus aevadenius3 Distiehlis spieata
var. stviota 3 Spavtina gvaeilis 3 or Juneus sp. Elevation: 670-700 m (21 90 —
2300 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Novem

ber 1979).

LAND OWNDERSH I P/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Utilization of land for agricultural or other

developmental purposes. Destruction by free
roaming horses. Dust from disturbed soil may smother plants. Proposed MX sys
tern ( i nd i rect 1 y ) .

REMARKS : Ivesia evemiea has such a limited distribution, any loss of habitat
is critical. These plants are apparently limited to a specialized
edaphic situation.

205

GALIUM HILENDIAE war. KINGSTONENSE

GALIUM HILENDIAE Dempst. & Ehrend. ssp. KINGSTONENSE (Dempst.) Dempst. & Ehrend.

KINGSTON BEDSTRAW

FAM I LY : Rubiaceae -- Madder Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Galium hilendiae ssp. kingstonense (Dempst.) Dempst. &

Ehrend., Brittonia, 17:310. 1965. Synonym: Galium mun-
zii var. kingstonense Dempst., Brittonia, 10:190. 1958. Type: Alexander and
Kellogg, San Bernardino County, California, 16 June 19^1- The common name and
the name of the subspecies were both taken from Kingston Peak near where the
type was collected.

DESCR I PT I ON : A dioecious, mat-forming, weak-stemmed perennial to 35 cm (14 in)
long with stems and leaves which are pubescent with stiff, bris¬
tly hairs. The leaves are k to a node and wide to narrowly ovate-acuminate, 6
to 1 5 mm long, and one-nerved.

Flowers are in congested terminal clusters. Each individual flower is rela¬
tively large for the genus, with a corolla about 3 mm long, clear pink and bell¬
shaped .

The fruit is about 2 mm long and densely white pubescent.

This is easily recognized, distinguished especially by the large, bell-shaped
pink flowers in dense terminal clusters. Galium hilendiae ssp. eavneum ( H i 1 -
end & Howell) Dempst. & Ehrend. differs in that it is taller, more wiry with
a loose inflorescence, and pistillate flowers that are open and wheel -shaped .

The male flowers are only slightly bell-shaped.

Flowering in June.

HAB I TAT : In ravines and gullies, usually on steep slopes, in loose rocky soil.

Associated plants: Pinus monophylla3 Quevous gambelii3 Artemisia
tvidentata3 and A. ludovieiana ssp. ineompta. Elevation: 1680-1 980 m (5500-
6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada. San Bernardino and Inyo counties,

Cal i forn ia .

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979); threatened (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: DOE (Nevada Test Site).

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Slides on unstable talus slopes.

REMARKS : The known populations of this rare taxon should be monitored and it

should be searched for in similar locations.

207

CAST I LLE JA SALSUG I NOSA

CASTILLEJA SALSUGINOSA N. Holmgren
Monte Neva Paintbrush

FAM I LY : Scrophul ar iaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Castilleja salsuginosa N. Holmgren, Bulletin of the

Torrey Botanical Club, 100:83. 1973- Type: Holmgren
and Reveal, Monte Neva Hot Springs, White Pine County, Nevada, A July 1966.

The specific name, salsuginosa, means growing in brackish places.

DESCR I PT I ON : A several stemmed perennial to 14 cm (5-6 in) in height with a

soft scaly root-stock and yellow taproot. The leaves are pubes¬
cent with stiff hairs, many of which are tipped with glands. The lower leaves
just above the soil level are linear to narrow- 1 anceol ate , while those further
up the stem are typically narrow- 1 anceol ate with a pair of lateral lobes. The
leaves are basically purplish-brown but may appear grayish because of debris
which sticks to the plant.

The margins of the inflorescence bracts are white or cream-colored. Similar
margins exist on the calyx teeth and the teeth of the lower lip of the corolla.
The upper elongated portion of the corolla has a reddish margin.

The capsules are 5-5 to 9 mm long and produce 1 . 5 mm long seeds with a network
on the surface.

The only other species of this genus to be found in alkaline soils in Nevada is
Castilleja exilis A. Nels., which is an annual plant possessing larger leaves
(4 to 8 cm compared to 1.5 to 2.4 cm) which are wider and lanceolate in shape.
The calyx teeth in C. exilis are much shorter than those of C, salsuginosa (1 to
2 mm compared to 6 to 8.5 mm) and the corolla in the former is also shorter (16
to 1 8 mm compared to 18 to 22 mm).

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT: Damp, saline clay soil, on hummocks and sides of the shallow washes

draining the mineral spring. Associated plants: Distiohlis spioata
war. stviota, Dodeoatheon pauciflorum3 Eviogonum shockleyis Eesperoohivon eali-
formious , Ivesia kingii3 Leptodactylon oaespitosum, and Phlox kelseyi var. sal-
ina. Elevation: 1 830 m (6000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: White Pine County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979). Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of For¬
estry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: Private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Geothermal drilling or development of the hot

springs as a recreation area or any other land
use change which would cause a depletion of the water supply. Proposed MX sys¬
tem.

REMARKS : This paintbrush has been searched for in other similar habitats, but
it is still only known from the type locality. Apparently it is re¬
stricted to this one particular edaphic situation. Care must be taken to pre¬
serve this habitat.

209

CORDYLANTHUS TECOPENSIS

210

CASTI LLEJA SALSUGINOSA N. Holmgren
Monte Neva Paintbrush

FAM I LY : Scrophu 1 ar i aceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Castilleja salsuginosa N. Holmgren, Bulletin of the

Torrey Botanical Club, 100:83. 1973- Type: Holmgren
and Reveal, Monte Neva Hot Springs, White Pine County, Nevada, 4 July 1966.

The specific name, salsuginosa , means growing in brackish places.

DESCR I PT I ON : A several stemmed perennial to 14 cm (5.6 in) in height with a

The capsules are 5-5 to 9 mm long and produce 1.5 mm long seeds with a network
on the surface.

The only other species of this genus to be found in alkaline soils in Nevada is
Castilleya exilis A. Nels., which is an annual plant possessing larger leaves
(4 to 8 cm compared to 1.5 to 2.4 cm) which are wider and lanceolate in shape.
The calyx teeth in C. exilis are much shorter than those of C. salsuginosa (l to
2 mm compared to 6 to 8.5 mm) and the corolla in the former is also shorter (16
to 1 8 mm compared to 18 to 22 mm).

Flowering in June and July.

HABITAT: Damp, saline clay soil, on hummocks and sides of the shallow washes

draining the mineral spring. Associated plants: Distiehlis spioata
var. stviota , Dodeoatheon pauoiflovum 3 Eviogonum shookleyi 3 Hespenoohiron oali-
formious, Ivesia kingii, Leptodaotylon oaespitosum, and Ehlox kelseyi var. sal-
ina. Elevation: 1 830 m (6000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: White Pine County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979). Listed as threatened with extinction, Nevada Division of For¬
estry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527-270; collection permit required.

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: Private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Geothermal drilling or development of the hot

springs as a recreation area or any other land
use change which would cause a depletion of the water supply. Proposed MX sys¬
tem.

209

CORDYLANTHUS TECOPENSIS

210

CORDYLANTHUS TECOPENSIS Munz & Roos
Tecopa Bird's-beak

FAM I LY : Scrophu 1 ar iaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Covdytanthus teoopensis Munz & Roos, Aliso, 2:233-

1950. Type: Munz and Campbell, Tecopa Hot Springs,
Inyo County, California, 1400 ft, 9 October 1949. This species was named
for Tecopa Hot Springs, the location of the type collection.

DESCRIPTION: An annual plant 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in) tall with few to

many ascending branches and 1 i near- 1 anceol ate to awl' shaped
leaves 5 to 1 5 mm long and 1 to 2 mm broad. The leaves are sparsely pubes¬
cent with small hairs. Many of the branches terminate in an inflorescence
with three lobed floral bracts, with the lateral lobes being 2 to 3 mm long
and 1 i nea r- 1 anceol ate .

The pale lavender corolla is 10 to 15 mm long and exceeds the floral bracts
and calyx. There are two functional stamens each with bearded anther sacs.

An oblong capsule about 7 mm long is eventually produced.

From the similar Covdytanthus mavitimus Nutt. ssp. oanesoens (Gray) Chuang S
Heckard, this species can be distinguished by two rather than four functional
stamens and a pair of lobes arising from a median position on the floral bract
rather than two short teeth arising from near the apex.

Flowering from June to October.

HAB I TAT : Salt-encrusted clay soils, saline meadows. Associated plants:

Distiohlis spioata var. stviota, Eaplopccppus aovadenius , Atviptex
oonfevti folia, Covdytanthus mavitimus ssp. oanesoens, Junous sp., Eleoohavis
sp., and Centauvium sp. Elevation: 425~1465 m ( 1 400-4300 ft).

KNOWN D I STR I BUT I ON : Esmeralda and Nye counties, Nevada. Inyo County, Cali¬
fornia. Harney County, Oregon.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Any land use change, such as development,

which will cause a change in the available
water. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Covdytanthus teoopensis is apparently restricted to a particular
edaphic situation. However, it is proving to be more widely dis¬
tributed than was originally thought.

211

PENSTEMON ARENAR I US

212

PENSTEMON ARENARIUS Greene
Dune Pens temon

FAM I LY : Scrophu 1 ar i aceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon arenarius Greene, Pittonia, 1:282. 1 889 -

Synonym: Penstemon deustus var. arenarius W.L. Jepson,
Manual of the Flowering Plants of California, p. 916. 1951. Type: Shockley
Belleville, Esmeralda (now Mineral) County, Nevada, 22 May 1886. The specific
name, arenarius, means growing on sand.

DESCR I PT I ON : A subshrubby perennial with many branches reaching a height of 3
dm (12 in) and producing lanceolate, coarsely toothed leaves
which are strongly glandular-pubescent. The stem leaves are 2.5 to 5 cm (1 to
2 in) long and sessile.

The inflorescence is short and leafy bracted and supports yellowish-white flow¬
ers marked with purple lines. The corolla is about 12 mm long and narrowly
funnelform with short, spreading lobes. The calyx lobes are lanceolate, and
along with the corolla strongly glandular-pubescent. The sterile stamen is
heavily bearded at the tip.

This species resembles P. deustus Dougl. but differs primarily in its conspicu¬
ous glandular pubescence. This feature, along with the bearded sterile stamen
and circular anther sacs, serves to separate P. arenarius from similarly colored
species likely to be found in the same area.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : Sandy areas, sometimes with dark gravel pavement. Associated plants:

Atriplex oanesoens3 Tetradymia glabrata 3 Sarcobatus vemrioutatus 3
Psorothamnus polydenius3 Oryzopsis hymenoides3 Oenothera deltoides3 or Nona

demissum. Elevation: 1215-1 3^0 m (3990-4400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Churchill, Mineral, and Nye counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FE) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing and trampling by cattle. Geothermal

development. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : While Penstemon arenarius has a wide distribution, it is not abun¬
dant at any one site.

213

214

PENSTEMON BICOLOR (Bdg.) Clokey & Keck ssp. BICOLOR
PENSTEMON BICOLOR ssp. ROSEUS Clokey S Keck

Bicolored Penstemon

FAMILY: Scrophu 1 ar i aceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon bieolor (Bdg.) Clokey & Keck ssp. bieolor ,

Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences,
38:8. 1939. Synonyms: P. palmeri var. bieolor T.S. Brandegee, University of
California Publications in Botany, 6:360. 1916. P. pseudospeetabilis ssp. bi¬
eolor (Bdg.) Keck, American Midland Naturalist, 18:790. 1937- Type: K. Brande¬
gee, Goodsprings, Clark County, Nevada, May 1 9 1 6 .

P. bieolor ssp. roseus Clokey & Keck, Bulletin of the Southern California Acad¬
emy of Sciences, 38:8. 1939- Type: Clokey, Nelson, Clark Co., NV, 600 m, May
1938. The flowers of these penstemons can be yellow or pink, hence the name.

DESCR I PT I ON : A tall (to 12 dm or 48 in) perennial with thick stems and gray¬
ish, smooth, leathery leaves. The leaves are irregularly toothed
with the basal leaves petiolated and the upper ones sessile and clasping the
stem.

The inflorescence is strongly glandular-pubescent and bears light yellow (ssp.
bieolor) or pink to purplish-pink (ssp. roseus) flowers which are abruptly in¬
flated above the basal portion. The flowers may be somewhat glandular pubescent
within and are usually sparsely long-pubescent across the base of the lobes of
the lower lip. The lips are 4.5 to 7 mm long. The sterile stamen is longer
than the corolla and is prominently bearded with long yellow hairs.

The only apparent significant difference between the two subspecies is in the
flower color. P. palmeri Gray is similar but it has a corolla which is whitish
suffused with pink or lilac.

Flowering in May and June.

HAB I TAT : On slight elevations, in shallow gravelly washes, roadside. Associ¬
ated plants: Larrea tridentata 3 Yucca brevifolia 3 Stephccnomeria pauci-
floras and Hymenoclea salsola. Elevation: 600-1670 m (1970-5480 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Arizona.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Collectors for horticultural purposes. Feral

burros. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : These taxa appear to thrive in disturbed areas. Both color forms
have been widely collected.

215

PENSTEMON FRANC I SC I -PENNELL I I

216

PENSTEMON F RAN C I S C I - P E N N E L L I I Crosswhite
Pennell Penstemon

FAM 1 LY : Scrophu 1 a r i aceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon franoisci-pennellii Crosswhite, Leaflets

of Western Botany, 10:170. 1965. Type: Pennell and
Schaffer, Snake Range, V/hite Pine County, Nevada, 10,200-10,500 ft, 16 July
1938. The specific name, fvanoiso-i-pennelli-i , and the common name both
honor Francis Pennell, one of the collectors of the type.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial with narrow (2 mm) stems to 2.5 dm (10 in) high,

with opposite, entire, smooth to slightly pubescent, and some¬
what glaucous leaves. The stem leaves are 1 i near- 1 ancol ate and 11 to 47 mm
(0.4 to 1.9 in) 1 ong .

The inflorescence is sparingly glandular-pubescent, with flower stalks gen¬
erally less than 10 mm long. The individual flowers are blue or blue-purple
and 27 to 34 mm (1.1 to 1.4 in) long. The narrow base of the corolla is ex¬
panded into a wide upper portion or "throat." The lower petal lobe is beard¬
ed with short, curly, white hairs. The sepals are green, sometimes with a
clear margin and 6 to 8 mm long.

Mature capsules are 7 to 12 mm long and produce seeds about 2 mm long.

The large seeds, expanded throat, 1 i near- 1 anceol ate stem leaves, and slight
or absent pubescence serve to separate this species from any related forms
which may be found in the same area.

Flowering in July and August.

HAB I TAT : Rocky calcareous slopes, shaded banks. Associated plants: Pinus
flex-ills 3 Ploea engelmannll3 Populus tremuloid&s 3 Aqullegla eaevu-
lea3 Potent-ilia glandulosa3 and Eeuoheva pavvlflora var. utahensls. Eleva¬
tion: 2590-3355 m (8500-11,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: White Pine County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979 ) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS:
( i nd i recti y) .

Heavy recreational use of some areas where
this taxon is found. Proposed MX system

REMARKS:

An effort should be made to determine if Penstemon franalsol-
pennell-il is more widely distributed.

217

218

PENSTEMON FRUTICIFORMIS Cov. ssp. AMARGOSAE Keck

Amargosa Penstemon

FAM I LY : Scrophulariaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon fvutieiformis ssp. amargosae Keck, The Amer¬
ican Midland Naturalist, 1 8 : 80 1 . 1937. Type: M.E.

Jones, Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada, 1220 m, 27 April 1907- The spe¬
cific name, amargosae , and the common name were taken from the name of the
desert where the type was collected.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial with many branches from a shrubby base attaining a
height of 6 dm (2 ft). The leaves are usually entire or rarely
slightly toothed, and 1 i near- 1 anceol ate to 6 mm wide. The margins tend to be
curled upwards. The lower leaves have winged petioles while the upper ones
are sess i le.

The inflorescence bears flowers on stalks 1 to 3 cm (0.A to 1.2 in) long. The
whitish to pale pink flowers are 20 to 27 mm (0.8 to 1.1 in) long with the uppei
lobed portion colored lavender-blue and with purplish lines extending into the
interior. That part of the corolla below the lobes is strongly inflated. The
exterior of the corolla is glandular pubescent, while the interior is only
slightly so. There is a densely bearded sterile stamen which projects from
the flower, in addition to the shorter fertile stamens. The calyx has ovate-
lanceolate sepals.

The subspecies can be distinguished from the typical form of the species by
the external glandular pubescence on the corolla and the ovate- 1 anceol ate se¬
pals, while the species has a corolla which is externally smooth but densely
glandular within. The calyx lobes in the species are rotund-ovate rather
than lance-ovate.

Flowering from April to June.

HAB I TAT : Sandy or gravelly washes. Associated plants: Junigerus osteosperma3
Atriplex eonferti folia , Larrea tridentata3 Ambrosia dumosa3 and Co-
Zeogyne ramosissima. Elevation: 1005-1585 m (3300-5200 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark and Nye counties, NV. San Bernardino County, CA.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSH I P/MANAGEMENT: BLM and DOE (Nevada Test Site).

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : Further search is needed to determine the distribution and abundance

of this rare taxon and the threats to it.

219

PENSTEMON MORIAHENSIS

22.0

PENSTEMON MORIAHENS I S N. Holmgren
M t . Moriah Penstemon

FAM 1 LY : Scrophular iaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon moviahensis N. Holmgren, Brittonia, 30:422.

1978. Type: N.H. and P.K. Holmgren, N. Snake Range,
White Pine County, NV , 2800 m, 17 July 1977- The type collection was made
near Mt. Moriah.

DESCR I PT I ON : A perennial with a few to several erect to ascending stems aris
i ng from a root crown. The stems become 3.5 to 5 dm (14 to 20
in) tall. The stem leaves are b to 8 cm (1.6 to 3-2 in) long, smooth, entire
with the lower ones oblanceolate and petioled while the upper ones are lanceo
late and sess i 1 e .

The inflorescence consists of b to 8 clusters of blue flowers on glandular,
fine pubescent individual flower stalks. The 7 to 10 mm long similarly pu¬
bescent, lanceolate calyx segments enclose the base of the 27 to 33 mm (l.l
to 1.3 in) long corolla, which is hairless, inside and out. The sterile sta¬
men is bearded with fine, white hairs. The narrowly elliptic anther sacs
are 2.0 to 2.8 mm long, pubescent with long, tangled hairs.

The critical features which distinguish this species from any others to be
found in the area are, most importantly, the long, white wavy hairs on the
anthers and the glandular-pubescent inflorescence. Additionally, the smooth
corolla and oblanceolate leaves can be used for confirmation.

Flowering from June to July.

HAB I TAT : Associated with sagebrush in mountain mahogany woodlands and open
ponderosa pine woods. Elevation: 2515-2815 m. (8250-9240 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: White Pine County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mining activity. Proposed MX system (indi¬
rect 1 y . )

REMARKS : This species should be searched for in similar habitats so that a
better assessment of the threats can be made. At present, it is
only known from a very limited area.

221

PENSTEMON PAHUTENSIS

222

PENSTEMON PAHUTENSIS N. Holmgren
Pahute Penstemon

FAM I LY : Scrophulariaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon pahutensis N. Holmgren, Aliso, 7:351. 1971.

Type: Reveal, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, NV , 7100

ft, 10 June 1968. The type specimen was collected on the Pahute Mesa Road.

DESCRI PTI ON: A perennial with several stems arising from a root crown and
ranging in height from 15 to 7 4 cm (6 to 30 in). The basal
leaves are oblanceolate or elliptic 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long and petio-
late. The stem leaves are usually sessile and about the same length, but
are narrow-oblanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, and reduced toward the upper
part of the stem. Additionally, the leaves are thick textured and smooth.

The inflorescence bears 6 to 13 clusters of pinkish-lavender to bluish-
lavender flowers with smooth, broadly ovate sepals 3 to 5 mm long. The co¬
rolla is 21 to 26 mm (0.8 to 1 in) long, with the narrow tube at the base 5
to 8 mm long. The upper part of the corolla on the inside is bearded white
or yellow. The sterile stamen is densely bearded with golden yellow hairs.

While this species resembles Penstemon speciosus Dougl. and related forms
possibly found in the same area it may be easily separated by the short se¬
pals, and the beard on the upper inner portion of the corolla.

Flowering from June to mid-July.

HAB I TAT : Open areas of very loose soil; very rocky areas among boulders or
growing from rock crevices. Associated plants: p i nyon-j un i per
woodland or Artemisia shrubland. Elevation: 1770-2285 m (5800-7500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FT?); threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2

Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM , D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range),

and DOE (Nevada Test Site).

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS : Penstemon pahutensis has a limited distribution. It has been found
in disturbed areas. The populations should be monitored in order
to determine if disturbance is a threat and if there are any other threats.

223

PENSTEMON PROCERUS ssp. MODESTUS

1 cm

224

PENSTEMON PROCERUS Dougl. ex Grah. ssp. MODESTUS (Greene) Keck

Ruby Mountains Penstemon

FAM I LY : Scrophu 1 a r i aceae -- Figwort Family.

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon procerus ssp. modestus (Greene) Keck, Brit-

tonia, 8:249. 1957- Synonym: Penstemon modestus
Greene, Leaflets of Botanical Observation and Criticism, 1:165- 1906. Type:
Greene, Ruby Mountains, Elko County, Nevada, 20 July 1 896 . The specific name,
modestus, possibly refers to the smallness of the parts of these plants.

DESCR I PT I ON: A perennial with a woody branching base producing stems 20 to 25
cm (8 to 10 in) high. The obovate to elliptic leaves in the ba¬
sal rosette are about 2.5 cm (l in) long and firm to somewhat leathery in tex¬
ture. Both the basal leaves and the smaller spatulate-oblong stem leaves lack
pubescence .

The inflorescence consists of 2 to 5 apparent whorls of small blue flowers.

The calyx consists of small, obovate, and truncate sepals which are somewhat
toothed at the tip. The corolla is about 8 mm long with slender base. The
lower lip is bearded as is the sterile stamen at the tip.

From similar appearing penstemons with small blue flowers this can be sepa¬
rated by the perfectly smooth nature of its stems and leaves, spatulate stem
leaves, and round anther sacs.

Flowering in July and August.

HABITAT : In meadows and among granitic rocks. Associated plants: grasses,

Geum rossit, Antennaria rosea 3 Arenaria aculeata3 and Linanthus nut-

tallii. Elevation: 2620-3050 m (8600-10,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Elko County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979)
LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing and trampling by sheep.

REMARKS : This plant is only known from a few locations and it is not abun¬
dant at any of them. Theoretically, sheep are not supposed to be
grazing in the areas where these plants grow, but this rule is not always
being enforced.

NOTE : It has just been brought to our attention that the name of this plant

now is Penstemon procerus var. modestus (Greene) N. Holmgren, Brittonia
31:104. 1979-

225

PENSTEMON PUDICUS

226

PENSTEMON PUDICUS Reveal S Beatley
Bashful Pens t emon

FAM I LY : Scrophu 1 ar i aceae -- Figwort Family

C I TAT I ON AND HISTORY: Pens t emon pudious Reveal and Beatley, Bulletin of the

Torrey Botanical Club, 98:332. 1971- Type: Beatley,
Kawich Range, Nye County, Nevada, 2320-2750 m, 5 July 1971. The specific
name, pudious , meaning modest or bashful, refers to its remote occurrence.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial with a woody base from which arise several stems

which may be somewhat glandular. The basal leaves are oblanceo-
late to spatulate and up to 5 cm (2 in) long on slender petioles 1 to 3 cm
(0.4 to 1.2 in) long. The stem leaves are 1 i nea r-ob 1 anceol ate and up to 5 cm
(2 in) long.

The open inflorescence bears 3 to 6 clusters of blue to violet flowers. The
inflorescence, individual flower stalks, and the exterior of the flowers bear
small glands. The individual flower stalks are usually shorter than 2 cm (0.8
in) and support 6 to 8 mm long sepals. The corolla is 25 to 35 mm (l to 1.4
in) long and hairless on the inside. The sterile stamen is bearded with long
golden yellow hairs. The anthers are hairless.

The dark brown capsules are 8 to 11 mm long and produce yellowish black or
grayish seeds about 1 . 5 mm long.

The key characteristics of bearded staminode, large flowers, and 2 to 4.5 dm
(8 to 1 8 in) height, a 1 low easy separation from Penstemon kingii S. Wats., a
smaller plant found in the same general area.

Flowering in June and July.

HAB 1 TAT : Steep mountain slopes, woodland borders, or along washes, in par¬
tial shade. Associated plants: Pinus monophyZZa, Juniperus osteo-
sperma, Ceroooarpus ZedifoZius, and Artemisia tridentata. Elevation: 2320-
2805 m (7600-9200 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Nye County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSH I P/MANAGEMENT : BLM and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Grazing by wildhorses. Mining activity. Pro¬
posed MX system.

REMARKS : An effort should be made to determine the full range and abundance

of Penstemon pudious which is only known from a limited remote area.

227

penstemon thompsoniae

ssp. JAEGER I

228

PENSTEMON THOMPSON I AE (Gray) Rydb. ssp. JAEGERI Keck

Jaeger Pens temon

FAM I LY : Scrophulariaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon thompsoniae ssp. jaegeri Keck, Bulletin of

the Torrey Botanical Club, 64:362. 1937- Type: Jae¬
ger, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, 2750 m, 27 June
1926. The specific name, jaegeri, and the common name honor the collector
of the type specimen, Edmund C. Jaeger.

DESCR I PTI ON : A tufted or matted perennial somewhat woody at the base, with
elliptic, obovate leaves abruptly narrowed to the petiole.

The leaves are entire and 0.5 to 1.2 cm long and have a whitish aspect due
to the closely appressed white hairs covering them.

The leafy inflorescence is glandular and bears blue-violet flowers with
corollas 12 to 14 mm long. The sterile stamen is bearded with golden hairs
for most of its length. The anther sacs on the fertile stamens are oblong-
ovate.

The small, ash-colored leaves, blue-violet flowers and glandular inflores¬
cence readily separate this Penstemon from any other similar species in the
same area. From the very similar P. aaespitosus Nutt, which is not known
from the same area it may be separated by the wider leaves and deeper blue-
purple flowers of the former.

Flowering in June and July:

HAB I TAT : Gravelly limestone banks or hillsides. Associated plants: Pinus
ponderosa var. soopuZorum3 P. monophyZZa3 Cerooearpus Z.edifotius3
CastiZZeja ZinariifoZia3 Townsendia jonesii var. tumuZosa3 Penstemon keokii3
and Arenaria kingii ssp. rosea. Elevation: 1920-2835 rn (6300-9300 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FP) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979);
watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS, USFWS, possibly BLM, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS:
MX system (indirectly).

Recreational use of the area in the Spring
Mountains where these plants grow. Proposed

REMARKS : There are no threats to this Penstemon in the Desert National

Wildlife Range as long as present management policies are contin¬
ued .

229

PENSTEMON THURBER I

230

PENSTEMON THURBERI Torr. var. ANESTIUS Reveal & Beatley

Buried Hills Penstemon

FAM 1 LY : Scrophu 1 ar i aceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Penstemon thurberi var. anestius Reveal & Beatley,

Great Basin Naturalist, 34:230. 1974. Type: Beat-

ley and Ackerman, Clark County, Nevada, 3800 ft, 20 June 1973. The common
name is taken from the type location.

DESCR I PT I ON : A somewhat shrubby plant 3 to 5 dm (12 to 20 in) tall with num¬
erous, erect, usually unbranched smooth stems. The green, nar¬
rowly linear leaves are curled upward and somewhat rough along the margins
and are 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) long.

The inflorescence has flower stalks bearing usually just one flower. The
bluish or 1 avender- rose flowers have a 2 to 3 mm calyx with broadly ovate
lobes. The flowers are 8 to 9 mm in length. The sterile stamen is not
hairy and the four fertile stamens have ovate anther sacs.

The mature capsules are relatively small, 4 to 5 mm long. The typical form,
var. thurberi , has larger flowers (12 to 15 mm) and larger capsules (6 to 9
mm). Recent evidence (N. Holmgren, personal communication) indicates that
var. anestius may have been described from immature var. thurberi and conse¬
quently is not a valid entity. Additional field work is required to solve
this quandry. The linear leaves, hairless character, and flower size serve
to distinguish this Penstemon from any others likely to be encountered in the
same area.

Flowering in June.

HAB I TAT : Deep, loose, volcanic sands especially in low areas or in saddles
between hills. Associated plants: Larrea tridentata 3 Ambrosia
dumosa, Krameria parvi folia, Yucca brevi folia. Ephedra nevadensis 3 and Ory-
zopsis hymenoides. Elevation: 1160-1250 m (3800-4100 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark and Lincoln counties, Nevada.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); endangered (Reno T/E

Workshop, 2 Nov 1979). Listed as threatened with extinction, Neva¬
da Division of Forestry (14 Feb 1979); protected by NRS 527.270; collection
permit required. Deleted (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: D0D (Nellis AFB Bombing and Gunnery Range) and

USFWS .

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Highly susceptible to any disturbance of its

habitat. Proposed MX system.

REMARKS : This taxon has been recommended to be deleted because of its du¬
bious taxonomic validity..

231

SYNTHYRIS RANUNCUL I NA

232

SYNTHYRIS RANUNCUL I NA Pennell
Charleston Kittentails

FAM 1 LY : Scrophulariaceae -- Figwort Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Synthyvis vanuneulina Pennell, Proceedings of the Aca¬
demy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 85:92. 1933-
Type: Heller, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark County, NV, 9300 ft, 30
July 1913- The specific name, vanuneulina, means resembling a vanuneulus
which is the Latin name for a little frog, referring to the habit of this spe¬
cies of growing in wet places where frogs may be found.

DESCRIPTION: A perennial herb with a basal tuft of reniform, smooth, petioled
leaves. The reniform leaf blade is 1 to 2 cm wide and 5 to 7
lobed, with the lobes each having 3 triangular teeth. The long petioles may
reach 4 cm (1.6 in).

The short, smooth flowering stems eventually become 6 to 8 cm (2.4 to 3-2 in)
long as the fruit develops and frequently become curved. The blue or violet
flowers have a corolla fused only at the base and divided into four elongated,
linear lobes about 4 mm long. The oblong-lanceolate sepals become about 2.5 mm
long in fruit. The capsule is wide and somewhat flattened.

The small, four-parted blue or violet flowers lacking a spur and the basal clus¬
ter of reniform leaves make this an easy plant to recognize. No other species
of Synthyvis occurs within the area or adjacent California.

Flowering from late June into August.

HAB I TAT : Permanently damp banks, moist meadows. Associated plants: grasses,
near Firms longaeva and P. flexilis 3 and Cystoptevis fvagilis . Ele¬
vation: 2620-3350 m (8600-11,000 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (1975 and 1976 FB) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: USFS.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the area in the Spring

Mountains where these plants grow. Removal
of plants for horticultural purposes. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : Synthyvis vanuneulina is a very rare species which appears to re¬
quire a unique habitat, care must be taken to preserve that habitat.
The expanding population in southern Nevada will increase the impact on the
plants in the Spring Mountains.

233

SELAGINELLA UTAHENSIS

23b

SELAGINELLA UTAHENSIS Flowers
Utah Spikemoss

FAM I LY : Se 1 ag i nel 1 aceae -- Selaginella Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Selaginella utahensis Flowers, American Fern Journal,

35:83. 1 949- Type: Cottam, Washington County, UT,

6500 ft, 5 April 1931. This taxon was named for the state of Utah.

DESCR I PTI ON : A much branched, loosely to densely clumped perennial, pale
green with sometimes a bluish cast, and with creeping main
stems which may reach a length of 6 cm (2.4 in). The leaves are oblong to
1 i near- lanceolate, and 2 to 3-2 mm long by 0.4 to 0.5 mm wide. The tips
are tapered either gradually or somewhat abruptly, while the tips them¬
selves are either sharply pointed or sometimes obtuse. A short, transpar¬
ent hair point no longer than 0 . 1 4 mm may occur on some of the upper leaves.
There are 6 to 12 marginal hairs on the leaves.

The spore-bearing spikes are about 1 cm long and bear triangular-ovate to
ovate- 1 anceo 1 ate leaves which are 2 to 3 mm long.

This species closely resembles the common S. watsonii Underw. but can be sep¬
arated most easily by means of leaf characteristics. In S. utahensis the
leaves, in general, taper more gradually, are longer and narrower, and are
less strongly convex on the back near the tip. The most apparent difference
involves the terminal hair points which on S. watsonii leaves reach a length
of 0.2 to 0.35 mm.

HAB I TAT : Sandstone cliffs. Associated plants: Selaginella watsonii 3 Garry a
flavesoens 3 Arotostaphylos pungens3 Rhus trilobata3 and Querous
turbinella. Elevation: 1220-1980 m (4000-6500 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Washington County, Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); watch list (Mozingo and
Willi ams ) .

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and the State of Nevada.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: None known.

REMARKS: Although Selaginella utahensis has been searched for recently, it

still is only known in Nevada from a single collection made 50 years
ago. The cliffs are so steep where it was once found, that it is possible
that it is still growing there.

235

ORYCTES

NEVADENS I S

236

ORYCTES NEVADENSIS S. Wats.

Nevada Oryctes

FAM I LY : Solanaceae -- Nightshade Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Oryctes nevadensis S. Watson, "Botany," p. 2 74. In: C.

King, Report of the geological explorations of the For¬
tieth Parallel. Vol . 5- 1871. Type: Watson, Big Bend of the Truckee, Nevada,
May. The specific name and the common name both refer to the state of Nevada.

DESCR I PT I ON : A small, alternate leaved annual occasionally to 20 cm (8 in)
tall, but usually much shorter. The 1 to 5 cm long leaves are
ovate to lanceolate and are minutely scaly and sticky pubescent as are also
the stems.

Flowers are borne in upper leaf axils in clusters of 3 or 4 on short pedicels.
The 5~parted calyx i s 2 to 3 mm long during flowering, but subsequently en¬
larges and keeps pace with the developing capsule. The corolla is about 6 mm
long, is blue or purplish, and has 5 short triangular lobes. Five stamens are
inserted on the corolla near the base, and as with the style, the stamens near¬
ly equal the length of the corolla.

The 6 to 7 mm capsule is two valved and splits open at maturity to release 10
to 20 slightly rough seeds which are winged. The body of the seed is about 2
mm wide while the wing is about 0.5 mm wide.

Flowering from late April to June.

HAB I TAT : Sandy slopes, foothills, dunes. Associated plants: Atriplex con-

fertifolia 3 A. canescens3 Oryzopsis hymenoides3 Tetradymia tetrameres3
Grccyia spinosa3 Sarcobatus vemricutatus 3 Psorothcavnus polydenius 3 and Chryso-
thcovnus nauseosus. Elevation: 1190-1350 m (3900-4400 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Churchill, Humboldt, Mineral, Pershing, and Washoe coun¬
ties, Nevada. Inyo County, California.

STATUS : Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 9 Feb 1979); watch list (Reno T/E Work¬
shop, 2 Nov 1979); threatened (Mozingo and Williams).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM, Indian Reservation, US Water and Power Re¬
sources Service, and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Off-road vehicles. Early summer grazing. Pro¬
posed MX system.

REMARKS : Although Oryctes nevadensis has a wide distribution, it is not abun¬
dant at any one site. During dry years it may be present in limited
numbers, but it is never easy to find. It should be protected because of its
rarity and because it is a monotypic genus in a family of plants of economic
i mportance .

237

VIOLA PURPUREA var. C H A R L E ST 0 N E NS I S

238

VIOLA PURPUREA Kell. var. CHARLESTONENS I S (Baker S Clausen) Welsh & Reveal

LIMESTONE VIOLET

FAM I LY : Violaceae -- Violet Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Viola purpurea var. charlestonensis (Baker & Clausen)

Welsh & Reveal, Great Basin Naturalist, 35:371. 1975.
Synonym: Viola charlestonensis Baker & Clausen ex Clokey, MadrcSno, 8:58.

19^5. Type: Clokey, Charleston (Spring) Mountains, Clark County, Nevada,

2670 m, 23 May 1937. This violet was named for Mt. Charleston, where it was
first collected growing on limestone.

DESCR I PT I ON: An herbaceous perennial with one to eight partially subterranean
stems. The thick, ashy leaves have white veins and are purplish
beneath. Both leaf surfaces, petioles, and stems are clothed with short, ap-
pressed hairs. The leaves vary from broadly ovate to somewhat narrower with
blades from 8 to 25 mm long. The stem leaves tend to be somewhat narrower
with a sharper point and more triangular shaped base than the basal leaves.

The sepals of the flowers are 1 i near- lanceol ate, about h mm long and pubescent
with short, white hairs. The corolla is 12 to 17 mm wide and yellow on the
front of the petals. On the back, the upper petals especially are evidently
darkened. The lower petal produces a short spur covered with hair-like pro¬
cesses .

The ovary and base of the style is densely covered with minute spur-like pro¬
cesses. The capsule becomes relatively large, about as wide as long, and
densely pubescent with fine hairs.

This species is easily separated from any other yellow violet found in the
area by its entire leaves, dense white pubescence, and pubescent petal spur.

Flowering in May and June.

HABITAT: Limestone hills, slopes, and dry washes. Associated plants: Pinus

monophylla3 P. ponderosa var. soopulorum , Populus tremuloides _, Juni-
perus osteosperma 3 Penstemon hridgesii , and P. eatonii. Elevation: 2000-
2900 m (6560-9510 ft) .

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Clark County, Nevada. Washington County, Utah.

STATUS : Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 November 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: State of Nevada, BLM, USFS, and possibly private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Recreational use of the area where these plants

grow. Proposed MX system (indirectly).

REMARKS : The expanding population in southern Nevada will increase the impact
on plants in the Spring Mountains. This taxon is also regarded as
threatened in Utah.

239

APPENDIX A — Proposed endangered plants not illustrated

ASTRAGALUS

Osgood

YODER-W I LL I AMS I I Ba rneby
Mountains Milk-vetch

FAM I LY : Fabaceae (Legumi nosae) -- Pea Family

CITATION AND HISTORY: Astragalus yoder-williamsii Barneby, Brittonia, 32:30.

(Illustrated.) Type: Yoder-Wi 1 1 i ams , Osgood Mountains
Humboldt County, NV, 2170 m, 11 July 1979-

HAB I TAT : Decomposed granite, gravel flats. Associated plants: Artemisia

arbusaula and Chrysothamnus nauseosus. Elevation: 2170 m (7120 ft)

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Humboldt County, Nevada. Owyhee County, Idaho.

STATUS : Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1 979) -

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: BLM and private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Mining activities. Proposed MX system (in-

d i recti y) .

REMARKS : The habitat of this rare plant should be protected.

ADDENDUM : On 13 Aug 1 980 , Astragalus yoder-williamsii was declared an en¬

dangered species under the Federal regulations governing emergency
determination of endangered status and designation of critical habitats. This
emergency determination is effective until 15 April 1 98 1 . ( Federal Register

45:53968-53970)

ERI0G0NUM 0VALIF0LIUM undescribed variety
Steamboat Springs Buckwheat

FAM I LY : Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family.

CITATION AND HISTORY: This variety of Eriogonum ovalifolium has been known fo

some time, but it is undescribed.

HAB I TAT : Light-colored soils, tufa, in the vicinity of the hot springs. Asso
ciated plants: Sareobatus vermieulatus 3 Atriplex eonf erti folia 3
Chrysothamnus nauseosus. Elevation: 1465 m (4800 ft).

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION: Washoe County, Nevada.

STATUS : Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

LAND OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT: Private.

EXISTING OR POTENTIAL THREATS: Geothermal drilling.

REMARKS : The habitat of this buckwheat is extremely limited and it should be
protected .

240

APPENDIX B —Plants on the watch list not illustrated

AGAVE UTAHENS I $ var. NEVADENS I S Engelm. ex Greenm. --Agavaceae -- Agave

Fami 1 y

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) : watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Shadscale and pi nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Possibly in Clark County, however, there is some doubt that
this plant grows in Nevada. California.

Remarks: This variety is similar in appearance to Agave utahensis var. ebovi-
spina but the spines on the leaves are shorter.

ARABIS SHOCKLEYI Munz -- Brassicaceae -- Mustard Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Shadscale, low sagebrush, and p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Esmeralda and Nye counties, NV. California and Utah.

Remarks: Although this is widely distributed, it has been rarely collected.

ASTRAGALUS Cl MAE Jones var. C I MAE -- Fabaceae -- Pea Family
Status: Watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

Associated with: Shadscale.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. California.

Remarks: This taxon has been rarely collected in Nevada. It is illustrated

in Abrams (1944) 2:593-

CAMISSONIA MEGALANTHA (Munz) Raven -- Onagraceae -- Evening Primrose Family
Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)
Associated with: Shadscale.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. Utah.

Remarks: This taxon seems to do well in disturbed soil.

CAMISSONIA NEVADENSIS (Kell.) Raven -- Onagraceae -- Evening Primrose Family
Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)
Associated with: Big sagebrush.

Known distribution: Carson City, Churchill, Lyon, Mineral, Pershing, Storey,
and Washoe counties, Nevada.

Remarks: The occurrence and abundance of this annual may vary from year to
year. It is illustrated in the Newsletter of the Northern Nevada Native
Plant Society, May 1978; Muh 1 enberg i a , 5:51, 1910; and Abrams (1951) 3:203-

241

APPENDIX B

Watch List

CIRSIUM CLOKEYI Blake -- Asteraceae -- Sunflower Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2

Nov 1979) •

Associated with: Mountain brush, Great Basin coniferous and subalpine forests.
Known distribution: Clark County, Nevada.

Remarks: This thistle is widely distributed in the Spring Mountains and
seems to thrive in disturbed areas.

CYMOPTERUS CORRUGATUS Jones -- Apiaceae — Carrot Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
Associated with: Big sagebrush, g reasewood-sa 1 tbush .

Known distribution: Churchill, Humboldt, Lyon, Mineral, Nye, Pershing, and
Washoe counties, Nevada. Oregon.

Remarks: This spring parsley is widely distributed in areas where there are
few threats. Illustrated in Abrams (1951) 3:280.

CYMOPTERUS GOODRICH! I Welsh and Neese -- Apiaceae -- Carrot Family

Status: Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); watch list (Mozingo and
Willi ams) .

Associated with: Alpine fell fields.

Known distribution: Lander County, Nevada.

Remarks: This new species was described and illustrated in Madrono, 27(2):
97- 1980. Although this has only been found in a limited area in the
Toiyabe Mountains, there are no known threats to this plant.

CYMOPTERUS RIPLEYI var. SANICULOIDES Barneby -- Apiaceae -- Carrot Family
Status: Watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Shadscale.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada.

Remarks: There is some question as to whether this variety is taxonomi ca 1 1 y
distinct from var. vipleyi which is more widespread.

DRABA AR I DA C . L. Hitchc. -- Brassicaceae -- Mustard Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25
Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Alpine fell-fields.

Known distribution: Lander and Nye counties, Nevada.

Remarks: There are no known threats to this taxon.

242

APPENDIX B -- Watch List

DRABA DOUGLAS I I Gray -- Brassicaceae -- Mustard Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov
1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush.

Known distribution: There are records of Draba douglasii var. douglasii from
Humboldt and Washoe counties, Nevada, as well as from Oregon and Washing¬
ton. Also there are records of D. douglasii var. erookeri from Carson
City, Douglas, Humboldt, and Washoe counties, Nevada, as well as from
California. There are many other collections of D. douglasii (no variety
indicated) from Elko, Storey, Lander, and White Pine counties in Nevada.

Remarks: No real threats seem to be apparent to any of these plants. Illus¬

trated in Abrams (1944) 2:300.

DRABA SPHAEROIDES Pays. var. CUS I CK I I (Robins.) C.L. Hitchc. -- Brassicaceae

Mustard Fami 1 y

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov. 1979).
Associated with: Rocky outcrops, p i nyon- j un i per , Great Basin coniferous forest.
Known distribution: White Pine and Nye counties, Nevada. Oregon and Utah.
Remarks: This plant grows in inaccessible areas in Nevada.

EPHEDRA FUNEREA Cov. & Mort. -- Ephedraceae -- Ephedra Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Creosote bush, shadscale.

Known distribution: Nye and Clark counties, Nevada. California.

Remarks: This is widely distributed. Illustrated in Ferris (197*0 P- 128.

ERI0G0NUM CONCINNUM Reveal -- Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Big sagebrush, shadscale, pi nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada.

Remarks: Suitable habitats for this plant are common within its range. It is

an annual, and is a rapid colonizer in disturbed areas.

243

APPENDIX B

Watch List

ERIOGONUM DESERTORUM (Maguire) Davis var. undescribed -- Polygonaceae --

Buckwheat Fami 1 y

Status: Threatened, Rogers and Tiehm (1979); watch list (Mozingo and
Willi ams) .

Associated with: Greasewood-sa 1 tbush.

Known distribution: Humboldt County, Nevada.

Remarks: This variety is only known from a single valley. It is threatened
by mining activities. However, this plant should be searched for in other
areas. Photograph in Rogers and Tiehm (1979) -

ER I GONUM OVAL I FPL I UM Nutt, var CAELEST I NUM Reveal -- Polygonaceae --

Buckwheat Family

STATUS: Threatend (1975 -Pi?) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
Associated with: Alpine fell fields.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada.

Remarks: This buckwheat grows abundantly over a large area along the high
elevations in the southern part of the Toiyabe Range.

ERIOGONUM RUBRICAULE Tidestr. -- Polygonaceae -- Buckwheat Family
Status: Threatened (1975 -Pi?) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Big sagebrush, greasewood-sa 1 tbush .

Known distribution: Churchill, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander, Lyon, Mineral, Nye,
and Pershing counties, Nevada.

Remarks: In the past, this buckwheat was rarely collected. However, recent

collections have extended its range considerably.

FEROCACTUS ACANTHODES Britt. & Rose -- Cactaceae -- Cactus Family
Status: Watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
Associated with: Creosote bush.

Known distribution: Clark County, Nevada. Arizona, California, and Utah.

Remarks: This species appears to be widely distributed, however, known popu¬

lations should be monitored. Illustrated in Abrams (1951) 3:151.

FIMBRISTYLIS THERMAL I S S. Wats. -- Cyperaceae -- Sedge Family
Status: Watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

Associated with: Geothermal, riparian, meadows.

Known distribution: Elko and Nye counties, Nevada. Many other states.

Remarks: This species is put into synonomy under F. spadioea (L.) Vahl in
Cronquist et al. (1977) 6:88, illustrated. It has been rarely col¬
lected in Nevada. Also illustrated in Abrams (1955) 1:268.

APPENDIX B

Watch List

GERANIUM TOQUIMENSE Holmgren & Holmgren -- Geraniaceae -- Geranium Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb

1979); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: P i nyon- j un i per , alpine fell fields.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada.

Remarks: Recent collections have extended its known range considerably. It

is now known from elevations varying from 2180-3300 m. Illustrated in
Brittonia, 26:311. 1974.

G I L I A NYENS I S Reveal -- Pol emon i aceae -- Phlox Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) : watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Big sagebrush, shadscale, p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada.

Remarks: This annual is abundant in some years. Illustrated in the Bulletin
of the Torrey Botanical Club, 96:481. 1969-

HAPLOPAPPUS ALPINUS Anderson & Goodrich in ed. -- Asteraceae -- Sunflower
Status: Watch list (Mozingo and Williams) Family

Associated with: Alpine fell fields.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada.

Remarks: It is expected that this species will be published in a forthcoming

issue of the Great Basin Naturalist along with an illustration.

HAPLOPAPPUS BR I CKELL I 0 I DES Blake (HAZARD I A B.) -- Asteraceae -- Sunflower

Fami ly

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Shadscale, barren rocky slopes.

Known distribution: Clark and Nye counties, California.

Remarks: This long-lived shrub grows in inaccessible crevices in limestone

cliffs. Illustrated in Jaeger ( 1 9^+0 ) p. 261.

HAPLOPAPPUS WATSONII Gray -- Asteraceae -- Sunflower Family

Status: Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E

Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) •

Associated with: Barren rocky outcrops, p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Elko, Lincoln, Mineral, Nye, and White Pine counties,
Nevada .

Remarks: None.

245

APPENDIX B

Watch List

HELIANTHUS DESERTICOLA Heiser -- Asteraceae -- Sunflower Family
Status: Watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, shadscale.

Known distribution: Churchill and Clark counties, Nevada. Arizona and Utah.

Remarks: This annual should be searched for, it is to be expected in sandy

areas .

HULSEA VESTITA Gray ssp. INYOENSIS (Keck) Wilken -- Asteraceae —

Sunflower Fami ly

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Big sagebrush, p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. California.

Remarks: This taxon appears to thrive on disturbed soil.

LEPIDIUM NANUM S. Wats. -- Brassicaceae -- Mustard Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
Associated with: Barren knolls, low sagebrush.

Known distribution: Elko, Eureka, Nye, and White Pine counties, Nevada.

Remarks: It would be easy to overlook this inconspicuous plant. Illustra¬

ted in King ( 1 87 1 ) plate IV.

LINANTHUS AREN I COLA (Jones) Jeps. & Bailey -- Pol emon i aceae -- Phlox Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Creosote bush.

Known distribution: Clark, Esmeralda, and Nye counties, NV. California.

Remarks: This inconspicuous annual is widely distributed. Illustrated in
Abrams (1951) 3:425.

LUPINUS HOLMGRENANUS C.P. Smith -- Fabaceae -- Pea Family
Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).
Associated with: Big sagebrush, p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Esmeralda and Nye counties, Nevada. California.

Remarks: None.

246

APPENDIX B

Watch List

LUPINUS MONTIGENUS Heller (L. CAUDATUS ssp. MONTIGENUS (Heller) Hess &
Dunn") -- Fabaceae -- Pea Family

Status: Threatened (1975 FB) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1973);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

Associated with: Sierran subalpine forest.

Known distribution: Carson City and Washoe counties, Nevada. California.
Remarks: Illustrated in Muh 1 enberg i a , 6:110. 1910.

MACHAERANTHERA GR I NDEL I 0 ! DES (Nutt.) Shinners var. DEPRESSA (Maguire)
Cronq. & Keck-- Asteraceae -- Sunflower Family

Status: Threatened (1975 FB) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Shadscale, p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Clark, Eureka, Lincoln, and White Pine counties, Nevada.
Arizona and Utah.

Remarks: Although this taxon is widely distributed, it is not usually
loca 1 1 y abundant .

MERTENSIA TOYABENSIS Macbr. -- Boraginaceae -- Borage Family

Status: Possibly extinct (1975 FB) ; endangered (1975 FB) ; threatened (Reno

T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, mountain brush, aspen.

Known distribution: Lander County, Nevada.

Remarks: Recent field work has proved this plant to be more abundant than

was previously believed.

MIMULUS WASHOENSIS Edwin -- Scrophu 1 ar i aceae -- Figwort Family

Status: Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E
Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush.

Knwon distribution: Washoe and possibly Storey counties, Nevada.

Remarks: In favorable years, this annual is more widely distributed than

was previously believed.

M I RAB I L I S PUD I CA Barneby -- Nyctag i naceae -- Four-o'clock Family
Status: Endangered (1975 FB) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
Associated with: Shadscale, creosote bush.

Known distribution: Clark, Lincoln, and Nye counties, Nevada.

Remarks: These plants thrive on disturbed sites and colonize quickly.

247

APPENDIX B

Watch List

OPUNT I A PULCHELLA Engelm. -- Cactaceae -- Cactus Family

Status: Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E
Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

Associated with: Big sagebrush, shadscale.

Known distribution: Churchill, Esmeralda, Humboldt, Lander, Lyon, Mineral,
Nye, Pershing, and Washoe counties, Nevada. Arizona and Utah.

Remarks: This cactus is widely distributed but not common at any one place.

PENSTEMON KECKI 1 Clokey -- Scrophu 1 a r i aceae -- Figwort Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1978 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov
1979).

Associated with: Great Basin coniferous forest, Great Basin subalpine forest,
alpine fell fields.

Known distribution: Clark County, Nevada.

Remarks: None.

PENSTEMON RUBICUNDUS Keck -- Scrophu 1 a r i aceae -- Figwort Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25

Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, shadscale, pi nyon-j un i per .

Known distribution: Douglas, Esmeralda, and Mineral counties, Nevada.

Remarks: This plant is more widely distributed than was originally thought.

PER1TYLE MEGALOCEPHALA S. Wats. var. 1NTRICATA (Bdg.) Powell --
Asteraceae -- Sunflower Family

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -
Associated with: Shadscale.

Known distribution: Clark and Nye counties, Nevada. California.

Remarks: None.

PETERIA THOMPSONAE S. Wats. -- Fabaceae -- Pea Family

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, shadscale, p i nyon-j un i per .

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. Arizona, Idaho, and Utah.

Remarks: This taxon is possibly more widely distributed in other states. It
is not common in Nevada.

248

APPENDIX B

Watch List

PHACELIA MUSTEL1NA Cov. -- Hydrophy 1 1 aceae -- Waterleaf Family

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, p i nyon- j un i per , rocky slopes.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. California.

Remarks: None.

PHACELIA NEVADENSIS J.T. Howell -- Hydrophy 1 1 aceae -- Waterleaf Family

Status: Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979); watch list (Mozingo and

Willi ams ) .

Associated with: Possibly big sagebrush or p i nyon-jun i per .

Known distribution: Elko County, Nevada.

Remarks: This annual is only known from the original collection by Watson

in the East Humboldt Mountains (Ruby Mtns.?), 6500 ft, July 1867-

PHACELIA PARISH! I Gray -- Hydrophyl laceae -- Waterleaf Family

Status: Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E

Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, g reasewood-sa 1 tbush .

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. California.

Remarks: Sometimes this annual is locally abundant. Illustrated in Abrams

(1951) 3:513.

POLYGALA SUBSPINOSA S. Wats. var. HETERORHYNCHA Barneby -- Pol yga 1 aceae--

M i 1 kwort Fami 1 y

Status: Threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E
Workshop, 9 Feb 1979) •

Associated with: Shadscale and creosote bush.

Known distribution: Nye County, Nevada. California.

Remarks: Var. subspinosa is illustrated in Abrams (1951) 3:22.

PS0R0THAMNUS KING I I (S. Wats.) Barneby (DALEA K.) -- Fabaceae — Pea

Fami 1 y

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush.

Known distribution: Humboldt and Churchill counties, Nevada.

Remarks: Recent studies have proved this to be widely distributed in sandy

areas .

249

APPENDIX B

Watch List

SALVIA FUNEREA Jones -- Lamiaceae -- Mint Family

Status: Threatened (1975 FR) ; threatened (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978);
watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov 1979)-

Associated with: Creosote bush.

Known distribution: Esmeralda and Nye counties, Nevada. California.
Remarks: Illustrated in Abrams (1951) 3:840.

THELYPODIUM LAXIFLORUM Al-Shehbaz -- Brassicaceae -- Mustard Family

Status: Endangered (Reno T/E Workshop, 25 Feb 1978); watch list (Reno T/E

Workshop, 2 Nov 1979) -

Associated with: Big sagebrush, d i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Lincoln and Nye counties, Nevada. Colorado and Utah.
Remarks: None.

TRIFOLIUM ANDERSONI I Gray ssp. BEATLEYAE Gillett -- Fabaceae -- Pea Family

Status: Endangered (1975 and 1976 FR) ; watch list (Reno T/E Workshop, 2 Nov

1979).

Associated with: Big sagebrush, p i nyon- j un i per .

Known distribution: Douglas, Humboldt, Mineral, Nye, and Storey counties,
Nevada . California.

Remarks: It is possible that some collections from other areas which have

been simply labeled Tri folium andevsonii may be referred to ssp. beatleyae .

ZIGADENUS VAGINATUS (Rydb.) J.F. Macbride — Liliaceae -- Lily Family
Status: Watch list (Mozingo and Williams).

Associated with: Geothermal, greasewood-sal tbush .

Known distribution: White Pine County, Nevada. Utah.

Remarks: Cronquist et al. (1977) treats this as a synonym of Z. elegans

Pursh. However, Welsh (1979) considers Z. vaginatus to be a valid species

250

APPENDIX C '■ Plants deleted from further consideration in Nevada.

These plants may be threatened or endangered in other states, but they

have been deleted from further consideration in Nevada.

ABRONIA ORBICULATA Standi, is a synonym of the widely distributed A. turbinata
Torr. (CA, NV, OR)

ARABIS DISPAR Jones is widely distributed. (CA, NV)

ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS var. CHARTACEOUS Jones is not known from Nevada.

CAREX WHITNEY I Olney is not known from Nevada.

CASTILLEJA LINOIDES Gray is a high elevation form of the widely distributed
C. fZava S. Wats. (NV, UT)

CLAYTONIA MEGARHIZA var. BELL I D I FOL I A (Rydb.) C.L. Hitchc. is widely distri¬
buted. (NV, OR, WA)

CROTON WIGGINSII L.C. Wheeler is not known from Nevada.

CRYPTANTHA COMPACTA Higgins is not known from Nevada.

DITAXIS DIVERSIFLORA Clokey is a synonym of the widely distributed Avgytham-
nva oyanoiphyZZa (Woot. & Standi.) Ingram, (see page 85)

DRABA LEMMON I I var. INCRASSATA Rollins is not known from Nevada.

ERIOGONUM BEATLEYAE Reveal is widely distributed. (CA, NV)

ERIOGONUM DARROV I I Kearney is widely distributed. (see page 1 85 )

ERIOGONUM EREMICUM Reveal is not known from Nevada.

ERIOGONUM ESMERALDENSE var. TO I YABENSE J.T. Howell is widely distributed in
Nevada .

HACKEL I A SHARSM I TH I I Jtn. is widely distributed. (CA, NV)

HAPLOPAPPUS ABERRANS (A. Nels.) Hall is not known from Nevada.

HAPLOPAPPUS CANUS (Gray) Blake ( Hazavdia a.) is not known from Nevada.

HAPLOPAPPUS EX I M I US H.M. Hall is widely distributed. (CA, NV)

HEUCHERA DURAN I I Bacig. is widely distributed. (CA, NV)

ISOETES BOLANDERI var. PYGMAEA (Engelm.) Klute is not known from Nevada. The
specimen found floating in Walker Lake must have come down from the Sierra
Nevada in California.

251

APPENDIX C

De 1 eted Plants

LOMATIUM RAVENII Mathias & Constance is widely distributed. (CA, ID, NV ,

OR, UT)

MACHAERANTHERA AMMOPHILA Reveal is a synonym of the widely distributed M.
arida Turner & Horne. (AZ, CA, NV, Mexico)

MACHAERANTHERA LEUCANTHEM I FOL I A (Greene) Greene is widely distributed.

(see page 31 )

NEOLLOYDIA JOHNSON I I (Parry) Benson is widely distributed. (AZ, CA, NV , UT)

NITROPHILA MOHAVENSIS Munz & Roos is not known from Nevada.

PENSTEMON ABIETINUS Pennell is widely distributed. (NV, UT)

PENSTEMON DECURVUS Pennell is a synonym of the widely distributed P. humilis
Nutt. (CA, NV, to OR, CO, UT, WY)

PENSTEMON LE I OPHYLLUS Pennell is widely distributed. (NV, UT)

PENSTEMON NANUS Keck is not known from Nevada.

PENSTEMON NYEENSIS Crosswhite is a synonym of the widely distributed P. kingii
S. Wats. (ID, UT, NV)

PENSTEMON THURBERI var. ANESTIUS Reveal S Beatley is of dubious taxonomic
validity. ( see page 231)

PILOSTYLES THURBERI Gray is widely distributed. (AZ, CA, NV, TX , Mexico)

POLEMONIUM NEVADENSE Wherry is a synonym of the widely distributed P. puloher-
rimum Hook. var. puleherrimum . (CA, NV , to AL, MT, WY)

SENECIO LYNCEUS var LEUCOREUS (Greenm.) Blake is a synonym of the widely dis¬
tributed S. mutt'lZobatus T. & G. (CA, NV , to UT, CO, AZ)

252

HABITATS AND ASSOCIATIONS

BIG SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia trid

Artemisia papposa
Astragalus alvordensis
A. calycosus monophy 11 i d i us
A. convallarius finitimus
A. lentiginosus latus
A. oophorus lonchocalyx
A. porrectus
Camissonia nevadensis
Cryptantha hoffmannii

C. interrupta
Cymopterus corrugatus
Draba crassifolia nevadensis

D . doug 1 as i i
Eriogonum concinnum

E. rubricaule

Forsellesia pungens glauca
Frasera gypsicola

F. pahutensis

Galium hilendiae k i ngstonense
G i 1 i a nyens i s
Hacke 1 i a oph i ob i a

LOW SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia arbuscula

Arabis dispar
A. shockleyi
Astragalus aequalis
A. beatleyae
A. serenoi sordescens
A. sol i tar i us
A. toquimanus

GREASEWOOD-SALTBUSH (Sarcobat

Suaeda

Astragalus lentiginosus sesquimetral i

A. phoenix

A. porrectus

A. pterocarpus

A. serenoi sordescens

A. sol i tar i us

Cymopterus corrugatus

GEOTHERMAL (usually surrounded b

Astragalus lentiginosus sesqu i met ra 1 i
Castilleja salsuginosa
Eriogonum argophyllum

entata, Chrysothamnus nauseosus)

Helianthus deserticola
Hulsea vestita inyoensis
Lathyrus h i tchcocki anus
Lupinus holmgrenanus
L. ma 1 acophy 1 1 us
Mertensia toyabensis
Mimulus washoensis
Opunt i a pu 1 che 1 1 a
Penstemon rubicundus
Peteria thompsonae
Phacelia inconspicua
P. mustel i na
P. nevadensis
P. pari shi i
Psorothamnus kingii
Sclerocactus polyanci strus

S. pubispinus
Silene scaposa lobata
Trifolium andersonii beatleyae

T. 1 emmon i i

, A. nova [A. arbuscula var. nova])

A. yoder-wi 1 1 i ams i i
Coryphantha vivipara rosea
Eriogonum anemophilum
Lepidium nanum
Sclerocactus polyancistrus
Silene scaposa lobata
Townsendia jonesii tumulosa

us vermi culatus , Atriplex spp.,
torreyana, Distichlis spicata stricta)

s Eriogonum desertorum undescribed var.
E. ovalifolium undescribed var.

E. rubricaule
Oryctes nevadensis
Penstemon arenarius
Phacelia glaberrima
P . par i sh i i

y GREASEWOOD-SALTBUSH or SHADSCALE)

s E. ovalifolium undescribed var.
Fimbristylis thermalis
Zigadenus vaginatus

253

HABITATS AND ASSOCIATIONS

SHADSCALE (Atriplex confertifoli

Agave utahensis eborispina

A. utahensis nevadensis

Arabis shockleyi

Arctomecon merriamii

Asclepias eastwoodiana

Astragalus alvordensis

A. ca 1 1 i thr i x

A. cimae cimae

A. funereus

A. musimonum

A. phoenix

A. porrectus

A. pseud iodanthus

A. serenoi sordescens

A. sol i tar i us

A. toquimanus

A. uncial i s

Brickellia knappiana

Calochortus striatus

Camissonia megalantha

Centaurium namophilum

Cordylanthus tecopens i s

Cymopterus ripleyi saniculoides

Enceliopsis nudicaulis corrugata

CREOSOTE BUSH (Larrea t

Arctomecon californica
A. merriami i

Astragalus geyeri triquetrus
A. lentiginosus micans
A. mohavensis hemigyrus
A. nyensis

Brickellia knappiana
Ephedra funerea
Eriogonum viscidulum
Ferocactus acanthodes

, Grayia spinosa, Artemisia spinescens)

Ephedra funerea

Eriogonum argophyllum

E. bifurcatum

E. concinnum

E . 1 emmon i i

G i 1 i a nyens i s

Hazardia brickel 1 ioides

Helianthus deserticola

Ivesia eremica

Lathyrus h i tchcocki anus

Machaeranthera g r i ndel i oi des depressa

Mentzelia leucophylla

Mi rabi 1 i s pud i ca

Opunt i a pu 1 che 1 1 a

Oxytheca watsonii

Penstemon arenarius

P. f rut i ci formi s amargosae

P. rubicundus

Phacelia beatleyae

Perityle mega 1 ocepha 1 a intricata

Peteria thompsonae

Polygala subspinosa heterorhyncha

Sphaeralcea caespitosa

ridentata, Ambrosia dumosa)

G i 1 i a ripleyi
Linanthus arenicola
Mi rabi 1 i s pud i ca

Opuntia whipplei mu 1 1 i gen i cu 1 ata

Penstemon bicolor varieties

P. f rut i c i formi s amargosae

Phacelia beatleyae

Polygala subspinosa heterorhyncha

Salvia funerea

Sclerocactus pol yanci strus

BARREN FLATS, KNOLLS, or ROCKY SLOPES

Arctomecon californica
A. merriami i
Artemisia papposa
Astragalus alvordensis
A. beatleyae
A. funereus
A. phoenix

A. teohrodes eurylobus
Calochortus striatus
Cryptantha i nsol i ta
Cymopterus basal ticus
Draba sphaeroides cusickii
Enceliopsis nudicaulis corrugata
Epilobium nevadensis
Erigeron latus
E. ovinus

Eriogonum argophyllum

E . 1 emmon i i
E . 1 obb i i robustum
E. rubricaule

E. ovalifolium undescribed var.

Frasera gypsicola

Galium hilendiae kingstonense

Hackel i a oph iobia

Hazardia br i eke 1 1 i oi des

Ivesia eremica

Lepidium nanum

Lesquerella hi tchcocki i

Lewi s i a magu i re i

Mentzelia leucophylla

Opuntia whipplei mul tigeniculata

Penstemon pahutensis

Phacel i a beat 1 eyae

P . muste 1 i na

25^

HABITATS AND ASSOCIATIONS

BARREN

Arenaria stenomeres
Erigeron uncial is conjugans
G i 1 i a r i p 1 ey i

MOUNTAIN BRUSH (Cercocarpu

Ange 1 i ca scabr i da
C i rs i um cl okey i
Coryphantha vivipara rosea
Cryptantha tumulosa

P I NYON- JUN I PER (Pinus mono

Agave utahensis eborispina
A. utahensis nevadensis
Arabis dispar
A. shockleyi
Asclepias eastwoodiana
Astragalus aequalis
A. beatleyae

A. calycosus monophy 1 1 i d i us
A. convallarius finitimus
A. lentiginosus latus
A. mohavensis hemigyrus
A. musimonum
A. oophorus clokeyanus
A. oophorus lonchocalyx
A. serenoi sordescens
A. toquimanus

Coryphantha vivipara rosea
Cryptantha hoffmannii
C. interrupta
C. tunulosa

Draba sphaeroides cusickii
Eriogonum concinnum
E. lobbi i robustum
Forsellesia pungens glabra

ROCKY OUTCROPS

Haplopappus watsonii
Primula nevadensis
Sme 1 ows k i a ho 1 mg ren i i

edifolius, Amelanchier sp.)

Mertensia toyabensis
Penstemon moriahensis
P. pudicus

P. thompsoniae jaegeri

11a, Juniperus osteosperma)

Frasera pahutensis
Galium hilendiae kingstonense
Geranium toquimense
G i 1 i a nyens i s
Haplopappus watsonii
Hulsea vestita inyoensis
Lewi s i a magu i re i
Lupinus holmgrenanus

Machaeranthera gr i ndel ioi des depressa
Penstemon pahutensis
P. pudicus
P. rubicundus
Peteria thompsonae
Phace 1 i a ane 1 son i i
P. inconspicua
P . mustel i na
P. nevadensis
Silene scaposa lobata
Sclerocactus polyancistrus
S. pubispinus
Streptanthus oliganthus
Thelypodium laxiflorum
Trifolium andersonii beatleyae
Viola purpurea charlestonens i s

MEADOWS (Carex sp.

Antennaria arcuata
Calochortus striatus
Centaurium namophilum
Cordylanthus tecopensis

R I PAR I AN (sometimes

Astragalus robbinsii occ i denta 1 i s •
Centaurium namophilum
Cordylanthus tecopensis
Draba paucifructa
D. stenoloba ramosa
Elodea nevadensis

, Juncus sp., grasses)

Draba stenoloba ramosa
Fimbristylis thermalis
Synthyris ranunculina

Salix spp. , Populus spp.)

Fimbristylis thermalis
Fraxinus cuspidata macropetala
Grindelia f raxi no-pratens i s
Rorippa subumbel lata
Thelypodium sagittatum ovalifolium

255

HABITATS AND ASSOCIATIONS

GREAT BASIN CONIFEROUS FOREST or YELLOW PINE FOREST
(Pinus ponderosa, Abies concolor)

Ange 1 i ca scabr i da
C i rs i um cl okey i
Draba sphaeroides cusickii
Epilobium nevadense
Erigeron ovinus
E. uncial is conjugans
Eriogonum lobbii robustum

Lesquerella hitchcockii
Penstemon kecki i
P. moriahensis
P. thompsoniae jaegeri
Phlox gladiformis
Townsendia jonesii tumulosa
Viola purpurea charlestonens i s

GREAT BASIN SUBALP I NE FOREST (Pinus 1

Antennaria soliceps
Arenaria kingii rosea
Ci rs i um clokey i
Draba jaegeri
D. paucifructa
Ivesia cryptocaul is
Lesquerella hitchcockii

SIERRAN SUBALPINE FOREST (Pinus monti
Draba asterophora asterophora

ngaeva, P. flexilis, P i cea engelmannii)
Penstemon f ranci sci -pennel 1 i i
P . keck i i

P. thompsoniae jaegeri
Primula nevadensis
Sphaeromeria compacta
Synthyris ranunculina
Townsendia jonesii tumulosa

ola, P. albicaulis, Tsuga mertensiana)
Lupinus montigenus

ALPINE FELL F I ELDS (meadows with grasses and perennial herbs, scree)

Antennaria soliceps
Cymopterus goodrichii

C . nivalis
Draba arida

D. crassifolia var. nevadensis

D. jaegeri

Eriogonum holmgrenii

E. ovalifolium caelestinum
Geranium toquimense

Haplopappus alpinus
Ivesia cryptocaul is
Lesquerella hitchcockii
Penstemon keck i i
P. procerus modestus
Primula cap i 1 laris
Si lene clokeyi
Sphaeromeria compacta

256

REFERENCES

Abrams, L. An illustrated flora of the Pacific States. "Ferns to Birthworts"
1(1955). "Buckwheats to Kramerias" 2 ( 1 944) . "Geraniums to Figworts" 3
( 195 1 ) • "Bignonias to Sunflowers" 4 ( i960 with R.S. Ferris). Stanford
University Press, Stanford.

Beatley, J.C. 1976. Vascular plants of the Nevada test site and central-

southern Nevada. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, V A.

_ . Endangered plant species of the Nevada Test Site, Ash Meadows, and

cent ra 1 -southern Nevada. C00-2307- 1 1 ( 1 977) • Threatened plant species
of the Nevada Test Site, Ash Meadows, and cent ra 1 -southern Nevada. COO-
2307" 1 2 ( 1 977) • Addendum to COO-2307- 1 1 and C00-2307-12. C00-2307" 1 3 { 1 977)

U.S. Energy Research and Development Adm.

Clokey, I .W. 1951. Flora of the Charleston mountains, Clark county, Nevada.
University of California Press, Berkeley.

Cochrane, S. 1979- Status of endangered and threatened plant species on the
Nevada Test Site -- a survey, parts 1 and 2. Appendix C: Collection
records for the taxa considered. E.G.SG., Goleta, CA.

Contributions toward a flora of Nevada (in parts): "Loasaceae" by Rogers Mc-
Vaugh 27(1941). "Amary 1 1 i daceae" by C.H. Muller 28(1941). "Papaveraceae"
by R.F. Martin 31(1941). "Portu 1 acaceae" by A.H. Holmgren 36(1955)-
"Scrophu 1 ar i aceae , part 1" by G. Edwin 37; 1955. "Legumi nosae , part 1"
by R.C. Barneby 38(1956). "Legumi nosae , part 2" by D.B. Dunn 39(1956).

"Pol emon i aceae" by E.T. Wherry 43(1957). "Umbe 1 1 i ferae" by M.E. Mathias
and L. Constance 44(1957). U.S. National Arboretum, Crops Research
Division, USDA, Washington, D.C.

Cronquist, A., A.H. Holmgren, N.H. Holmgren, and J.L. Reveal. 1972. Inter¬
mountain flora. Vol . 1. Hafner Publishing Co., Inc. New York.

_ and P.K. Holmgren. 1977- Intermountain Flora. Vol. 6.

Columbia University Press. New York.

Ferris, R.S. 1974. Death Valley wild flowers. Death Valley Natural History
Association. Death Valley, CA.

Gruber, E.H., S.C. Seyer, M.A. Stern, and C.E. Wright. 1979- Rare, threatened
and endangered plant survey. BLM. Burns, OR.

Henderson, D.M., F.D. Johnson, P. Packard, and R. Steele. 1977* Endangered and
threatened plants of Idaho. University of Idaho, Moscow.

Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownbey, and J.W. Thompson. Vascular plants
of the Pacific Northwest. "Vascular Cryptogams to Monocotyledons" 1(1969)
"Salicaceae to Saxi f ragaceae" 2(1964). "Saxi f ragaceae to Ericaceae" 3
(1961). "Ericaceae through Campanu 1 aceae" 4(1959)- "Compositae" 5(1955)
by Cronquist). University of Washington Press, Seattle.

Holmgren, A.H., L.M. Schultz, and J.S. Schultz. 1977- Four reports for BLM:

Survey of proposed sensitive species -- Humbol dt-Persh i ng counties, Lander
Eureka counties, and Lincoln County; Proposed T/E species for the Tonopah
District. Utah State University, Logan.

Jaeger, J.C. 1941. Desert wild flowers. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

257

Kearney, T.H. and R. H. Peebles. 1951- Arizona flora. University of Cali¬
fornia Press, Berkeley.

King. C. 1 87 1 . US geological exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. Vol . 5,
"Botany." US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

Lewis, M.E. Four reports to the USFS: Flora and major plant communities of

the Ruby-East Humboldt mountains (1971); Species list, Wheeler Peak area
(1973); Plant communities of the Jarbidge Mountain complex (1975); Flora
of the Santa Rosa Mountains (1976). USDA.

Munz , P . A. 1974. A flora of southern California. University of California
Press, Berkeley.

_ and D.D. Keck. 1959- A California flora (with supplement by P.A. Munz,

1968). University of California Press, Berkeley.

Northern Nevada Native Plant Society Newsletters: Approximate locations of

plants threatened with extinction 5(3) * 9 , 1979- Report on 9 Feb 1979 T/E
workshop 5(4) :6, 1979- Report on 2 Nov 1979 T/E workshop 6(1) : 5 , 1980.

Pinzl, A. 1979 (updated 1980). Nevada's T/E pla nt map book. Northern Nevada
Native Plant Society and Nevada State Museum, Reno and Carson City.

Powell, W.R., editor. 1974. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants
of California. California Native Plant Society, Berkeley.

Rangeland Resources International, Inc. 1979* Field search for rare plants
in the Reno, Nevada, ES area. BLM.

Rhoads, W.A. and M.P. Williams. 1977. Status of endangered and threatened

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_ and S. Cochrane, Status of endangered and threatened plant

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Rogers, B. and A. Tiehm. 1979- Vascular plants of the Sheldon National Wild¬
life Refuge. USFWS, Portland.

Rollins, R.C. and E.A. Shaw. 1973- The genus LesquereZZa in North America.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Siddall, J.L., K.L. Chambers, and D.H. Wagner. 1979. Rare, threatened and en¬
dangered vascular plants of Oregon. OR Nat. Area Pres. Adv. Comm., Salem.

Soil Conservation Service. 1973- List of scientific and common plant names
for Region 8. USDA.

Tidestrom, I. 1925- Flora of Utah and Nevada. Contr. US Nat. Herb., US
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US Fish and Wildlife Service. 1975- Notice of review of status of over 3000

vascular plants and determination of "Critical Habitat." FederaZ Register
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(illustrated by Kaye Thorne). USFWS, Denver.

258

GLOSSARY ILLUSTRA TIONS

LEAF SHAPES

OVATE OBOVATE

OBLANCEOLATE

LIGULATE

OBLONG

LINEAR

SEXUAL SYMBOLS

cS 9

Male Female

INFLORESCENCE TYPES

259

GLOSSARY

Although we have made an attempt to keep scientific terminology to a min¬
imum, a few easily understood and defined terms were used for sake of brevity
and clarity of expression in the plant descriptions. These are defined below.

No attempt was made to characterize the various kinds of hairiness or pubescence
according to conventional botanical expressions since, in those instances where
a particular kind of pubescence was a critical point, a simple descriptive
phrase seemed to suffice. The illustrations accompanying the glossary will pro¬
vide an understanding of those terms applied to various leaf geometries. These
terms may be applied to other laminar structures as well.

acumi nate

achene

a 1 ternate
appressed

-margins relatively straight to convex and coming to a point en¬
closing an angle of less than 45°.

-a one-seeded dry fruit, generally small, which does not split open
at maturity.

-only one leaf at each node on the stem.

-pressed closely to the surface as if flattened out, frequently
used to refer to pubescence with a "plastered down" appearance.

caespitose -"cushion" plants, short and much branched.

calyx -the lowermost whorl of flower parts, frequently, but not always

g reen .

capsule -a dry fruit which splits open at maturity to release the seeds.

caudex -a perennial stem which is short, thick, and vertical, either at

ground level or buried in the soil.

ciliate -with hairs around the margins.

compound -obviously divided up into smaller parts, as, for example, the
leaf of an ash.

corolla -the whorl of petals situated above the sepals in a flower,

cuneate -wedge-shaped or triangular.

disk flower -the tubular flowers at the center of the "head" of a composite

inflorescence, e.g., the yellow flowers in the center of a daisy.

elliptic -elongated with the margins uniformly curved and the widest axis
at midpoint.

emarginate -with a notch at the apex,
exfoliating -peeling off in strips or sheets.

f i 1 ament

g 1 abrous
glandular

head

-the supporting stalk of the stamen. It is topped by the pollen
producing structure, the anther.

-hairless, without pubescence.

-having small secretory structures, usually appearing as a ter¬
minal swelling on a hair, but occasionally sessile.

-a dense globular or flattened cluster of sessile flowers on the
flowering stalk or peduncle.

inflorescence -the branched or unbranched stem with flowers distributed along
the axis.

260

GLOSSARY
i nternode

i nvol ucra 1

i nvol ucre

lanceolate

leaflet
1 i near
node
nutlet
obi anceol a

oblong
obovate
obtuse
oppos i te
ovary

ovate
pani cle
pappus
ped i ce 1
pedunc 1 e
perenn i a 1
peri anth
peta 1
petiole
p i nnate

pi st i 1
pod

prostrate

pubescent

raceme

rach i s

-that segment of the stem between the attachment point of two
1 eaves .

bract -a leaf-like or scale-like structure below the actual flow¬
er.

-a whorl of involucral bracts subtending a flower cluster, a char¬
acteristic feature of the Sunflower Family.

-much longer than broad, shaped like a lance with the widest part
below the middle.

-a segment of a compound leaf.

-long and narrow with a uniform width, e.g., a grass blade.

-that segment of the stem where the leaf is attached.

-a small dry, hard nut-like seed or fruit.

te -like lanceolate, but with the widest point above the middle and
tapering to the base.

-longer than broad with the margins parallel or nearly so.
-egg-shaped in outline, with the widest axis above the middle,
-blunt or rounded at the apex.

-with two leaves at the same node on the stem on opposite sides.

-that part of the female reproductive structure, or pistil, which
contains the seeds.

-egg-shaped, with the widest axis below the middle.

-a branched flowering stem, essentially leafless.

-a crown of hairs or scales at the top of an achene.

-the stalk supporting a single flower.

-the main stalk of an entire inflorescence.

-living longer than two years.

-calyx and corolla combined.

-a segment of the corolla.

-a leaf stalk.

-compound, with the leaflets arranged on both sides of a common
axis.

-the female reproductive structure of the flower.

-any dry fruit which splits open to release the seeds at maturity,
-lying flat or trailing.

-ha i ry .

-an unbranched inflorescence with the flowers on individual stalks
arranged along a main axis.

-the main axis of a compound leaf.

261

GLOSSARY

ray

ren i form
sepa 1
sess i 1 e
spatul ate
stamen
stel late
st i gma
stipule
style
tap root

tomentose

umbel

-a secondary branch of an umbel; one of the strap-shaped flowers
at the margin of a head in the Sunflower Family.

-ki dney-shaped .

-a segment of the calyx.

-without a supporting stalk.

-rounded at the apex and oblong or obovate with a tapered base,
-the male reproductive structure of the flower.

-star-shaped .

-the apical, pollen receptive portion of the pistil.

-paired blade-like structures or scales at the base of a petiole.

-the stalk on top of the ovary which supports the stigma.

-a primary root which is persistent and usually unbranched, but
producing lateral rootlets.

-pubescent with short, dense matted hairs.

-a flat-topped or convex inflorescence with all of the pedicels
originating at a common point.

262

INDEX

RECOMMENDED STATUS: E = endangered, T = threatened, W = watch list,

P = possibly extinct, D = deleted

A double asterisk (**) indicates the plant may be directly affected by
the proposed MX system, a single asterisk (*) indicates the plant may be
indirectly affected by the MX system.

D Abronia orbiculata, 251
W ** Agave utahensis var. eborispina, 2, 3
W Agave utahensis var. nevadensis, 241

T * Angelica scabrida, 4, 5
T Antennaria arcuata, 12, 13
T * Antennaria soliceps, 14, 15
D Arabis dispar, 251
W ** Arabis shockleyi, 24 1
T * Arctomecon californica, 170, 171
W ** Arctomecon merriamii, 172, 173
T * Arenaria kingii ssp. rosea, 74, 75
T * Arenaria stenomeres, 76, 77
D * Argythamnia cyanophylla, 84, 85, 251
T Artemisia papposa, 16, 17

T ** Asclepias eastwood i ana , 10, 11
T * Astragalus aequalis, 86, 87
W Astragalus alvordensis, 88, 89

E Astragalus beatleyae, 90, 91

T ** Astragalus callithrix, 92, 93

T ** Astragalus calycosus var. monoph i 1 1 i d i us , 94, 95

W ** Astragalus cimae var. cimae, 24 1
Vy ** Astragalus convallarius var. finitimus, 96, 97
T ** Astragalus funereus, 98, 99
T ** Astragalus geyeri var. triquetrus 100, 101
D Astragalus lentiginosus var. chartaceous, 251

W ** Astragalus lentiginosus var. latus, 102, 103
T ** Astragalus lentiginosus var. micans, 104, 105
E Astragalus lentiginosus var. sesqu imet ra 1 i s , 106, 107
T ** Astragalus mohavensis var. hemigyrus, 108, 109
W Astragalus musimonum, 110, 111

W ** Astragalus nyensis, 112, 113

263

T *

W **

E *

T **

Tjljl
'v .v

w **

E *

T **

W **

TJUJU
*x

Ejujl

/x /x

EJ.JU
/x /x

T *
W

EJ.J.

/X /X

E *
W *
D

W *

1" JU

y juju

p &

W **

T *

W **
W **

W **

Astragalus oophorus var. clokeyanus, 114, 115

Astragalus oophorus var. lonchocalyx, 116, 117

Astragalus phoenix, 1 1 8 , 119

Astragalus porrectus, 120, 121

Astragalus pseud i odanthus , 122, 123

Astragalus pterocarpus, 124, 125

Astragalus robbinsii var. occ i denta 1 i s , 126, 127

Astragalus serenoi var. sordescens, 128, 129

Astragalus solitarius, 130, 131

Astragalus tephrodes var. eurylobus, 132, 133

Astragalus toquimanus, 134, 135

Astragalus uncialis, 136, 137

Astragalus yoder-wi 1 1 i ams i i , 240

Brickellia knappiana, 1 8 , 19

Calochortus striatus, 160, 1 6 1

Camissonia megalantha, 2 4 1

Camissonia nevadensis, 24 1

Carex whi tneyi , 251

Castilleja linoides, 251

Castilleja salsuginosa, 208, 209

Centaurium namophilum, 144, 145

Cirsium clokeyi, 242

Claytonia megarhiza var. bel 1 i d i fol ia , 251

Cordylanthus tecopensis, 210, 211

Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea, 66, 67

Croton wigginsii, 251

Cryptantha compacta, 251

Cryptantha hoffmannii, 35, 37

Cryptantha insol ita, 38, 39

Cryptantha interrupta, 40, 41

Cryptantha tumulosa, 42, 43

Cymopterus basalticus, 6, 7

Cymopterus corrugatus, 242

Cymopterus goodrichii, 242

Cymopterus nivalis, 8, 9

Cymopterus ripleyi var. saniculoides , 242

264

W ** Dalea kingii (Psorothamnus k.), 249
D * Ditaxis d i vers i flora (Argythamnia c.), 84, 85, 251
W Draba arida, 242

W Draba asterophora var. asterophora, 46, 47
T Draba crassifolia var. nevadensis, 48, 49
W ** Draba douglasii, 243
T * Draba jaegeri, 50, 51
D Draba lemmonli var. incrassata, 251
T * Draba paucifructa, 52, 53
W Draba sphaeroides var. cusickii, 243

W Draba stenoloba var. ramosa, 54, 55

P Elodea nevadensis, 150, 151

T * Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata, 20, 21
W ** Ephedra funerea, 243
T * Epilobium nevadense, 168, 169
T Erigeron latus, 22, 23

W Erigeron ovinus, 24, 25

W * Erigeron uncial is var. conjugans, 26, 27
W Eriogonum anemophilum, 178, 179

E Eriogonum argophyllum, 180, 1 8 1

D Eriogonum beatleyae, 251

T ** Eriogonum bifurcatum, 182, 183
W ** Eriogonum concinnum, 243
D ** Eriogonum darrovii, 184, 185, 251
W Eriogonum desertorum undescribed var., 244
D Eriogonum eremicum, 251

D Eriogonum esmeraldense var. toiyabense, 251

T Eriogonum holmgrenii, 186, 187
T Eriogonum lemmonii, 188, 1 89
T Eriogonum lobbii var. robustum, 190, 191
W Eriogonum ovalifolium var. caelestinum, 254

E Eriogonum ovalifolium undescribed var., 240

W ** Eriogonum rubricaule, 244
E ** Eriogonum viscidulum, 192, 193
W ** Ferocactus acanthodes, 24 1
W ** Fimbristylis thermal is, 244

265

W ** Forsellesia pungens var. glabra, 82, 83
E ** Frasera gyps i col a, 146, 147
T ** Frasera pahutensis, 148, 149
W ** Fraxinus cuspidata var. macropetala, 166, 1 67
T Galium hilendiae ssp. ki ngstonense, 206, 207
W Geranium toquimense, 245
W ** Gilia nyensis, 245
W ** Gilia r i p 1 ey i , 174, 175
T * Grindelia f raxi no-pratens i s , 28, 29
E Hackelia ophiobia, 44, 45
D Hackelia sharsmithii, 251
D Haplopappus aberrans, 251
W Haplopappus alpinus, 245

W ** Haplopappus br i ckel 1 ioides (Hazardia b.), 245
D Haplopappus canus (Hazardia c.), 251
D Haplopappus eximius, 251
W * Haplopappus watsonii, 245

W ** Hazardia bri ckel 1 ioides (Haplopappus b.) 245

D Hazardia canus (Haplopappus c.), 251

W Helianthus deserticola, 246

D Heuchera duranii, 251

W ** Hulsea vestita ssp. inyoensis, 246

D Isoetes bolanderi var. pygmaea, 251

T * Ivesia cryptocaul i s , 202, 203

E * Ivesia eremica, 204, 205

E ** Lathyrus h i tchcocki anus , 138, 139

W ** Lepidium nan urn, 246

W * Lesquerella hi tchcocki i, 56, 57

E * Lewisia maguirei, 1 96 , 197

W ** Linanthus arenicola, 246

D * Lomatium ravenii, 252

W Lupinus caudatus ssp. montigenus (L. montigenus), 247
W ** Lupinus holmgrenanus , 246
W Lupinus malacophyl lus, 140, 1 4 1

W Lupinus montigenus (L. caudatus ssp. montigenus), 247
D Machaeranthera ammophila, 252

266

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Machaeranthera gri ndel ioides var. depressa, 2k7

Machaeranthera 1 eucanthemi folia , 30, 31, 252

Mentzelia leucophylla, 162, 163

Mertensia toyabensis, 2^7

Mimulus washoensis, 247

M i ra bills pudica, 247

Neolloydia johnsonii, 252

Nitrophila mohavensis, 252

Opuntia pulchella, 248

Opuntia whipplei var. mu 1 1 i gen i cul ata , 68, 69

Oryctes nevadensis, 236, 237

Oxytheca watsonii, 194, 195

Penstemon abietinus, 252

Penstemon arenarius, 212, 213

Penstemon bicolor ssp. bicolor, 214, 215

Penstemon bicolor ssp. roseus, 214, 215

Penstemon decurvus, 252

Penstemon f ranci sci -pennel 1 i i , 216, 217

Penstemon f rut i c i formi s ssp. amargosae, 218, 219

Penstemon keckii, 248

Penstemon leiophyllus, 252

Penstemon moriahensis, 220, 221

Penstemon nanus, 252

Penstemon nyeensis, 252

Penstemon pahutensis, 222, 223

Penstemon procerus ssp. modestus, 224, 225

Penstemon pudicus, 226, 227

Penstemon rubicundus, 248

Penstemon thompsoniae ssp. jaegeri, 228, 229
Penstemon thurberi, 230

Penstemon thurberi var. anestius, 231, 252
Perityle mega 1 ocepha 1 a var. intricata, 248
Peteria thompsonae, 248
Phacelia anelsonii, 152, 153
Phacelia beatleyae, 154, 155
Phacelia glaberrima, 156, 157

267

E Phacelia inconspicua, 158, 159
W Phacelia mustelina, 249
W ** Phacelia nevadensis, 249
W ** Phacelia parishii, 249
W ** Phlox gladiformis, 176, 177
D Pilostyles thurberi, 252
D Polemonium nevadense, 252

W ** Polygala subspinosa var. heterorhyncha , 249

E Primula capillaris, 198, 199

T Primula nevadensis, 200, 201

W ** Psorothamnus kingii (Dalea k.), 249

T Rorippa subumbe 1 1 ata , 58, 59

W ** Salvia funerea, 250

T ** Sclerocactus pol yanci strus , 70, 71

T ** Sclerocactus pubispinus, 72, 73

W Selaginella utahensis, 234, 235

D Senecio lynceus var. leucoreus, 252

T * Silene clokeyi, 78, 79

W ** Silene scaposa var. lobata, 80, 81

W Smelowskia holmgrenii, 60, 61

T ** Sphaeralcea caespitosa, 164, 165

T * Sphaeromeria compacta (Tanacetum c.), 32, 33

T Streptanthus oliganthus, 62, 63

E * Synthyris ranunculina, 232, 233

T * Tanacetum compactum (Sphaeromeria c.), 32, 33

W ** Thelypodium laxiflorum, 250

T ** Thelypodium sagittatum var. ovalifolium, 64, 65
T * Townsendia jonesii var. tumulosa, 34, 35
W ** Trifolium andersonii ssp. beatleyae, 250
T Tri folium lemmonii, 142, 143
T * Viola purpurea var. charlestonens i s , 238, 239
W ** Zigadenus vaginatus, 250

268

* GPO 797 - 463 1981

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Full text of "Threatened and endangered plants of Nevada : an illustrated manual"

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