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ic Relitts, and Croffies,de irks, Altars. Day’ tees les fecuritic’ of their Lands, livi 
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defperace § i the 99, 
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NAtTIonNAL CovENANT, 16388. 


AG of 
as 


A unique, printed example from Cardoness. 


1573. Ra 


she t7, Parl, 
this Realme cpa 


First sheet. 


and 
Ba Sewdedta ar fatal pe i 
, Acc0! 


=i ie hie 
food of the 


of them had beene expreffed in the 
t0 deteft and abhor them 
And _ therefore, 


icy the maintainers and referters 
without af 


defend the and 
ofa pay 
heads, 


ning erroneous againtt the Religion pref 
A app Rires and Ceremonies Papificalls wher 
ribs |,and ordaines the of rhem tg be 
> King aN! foeshpelehee tected, cee 
Oe Ee tly Lali fuch other faper- 
I Rites, tothe difhonour of GOD, cémempt of crue Religie, 


nd foltering of great erroor a the people; And. ule 
be pei Becta as Moles Aa. ee Paks: Fi jae 
L asmany Acts of Parlament are conceived, for etnies 
n sol st f eof GODS tru 
ia eof 090 ehberes 28 abe ahereat in Dosing and Saccaricors of 


Sons whatfecvers 50 
(ball bee taken at deme tem 
And thet Wee atts gi 
or withdrawn, by mbatfiever 
feyall Conjunction: Nov foal taht tn 


7 fal 


in gtncrall , amd to every one of a im 


the forefaid crue Religion, and (for. 
in the matters of tbe wor- 


we plainly perceive, and undoubkly 
ines andl 


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sear indirtitly [affer our [elves v0 bee devided 


allarcencat, ex vcrvonr fram this bleffed and 
any Lat or Impediment, that may fig or bie. 


Se ee etsy commen cenjnsjosl be found va condace for [2 
fon Yad by all lamfoll meant: leben 12 rl i as 


he comtrari¢, 
othat the 6. Ad. Parl, 1. 


» 1979. declares the Mi- W 


B Neither do we fear the foule 
elie our adverfaries from their cr 
we do is fo well warranted, and 

BS Pitot Chait cis within ds Realms nd 
clas within this Realms,and 
= tontarchet ie who che i esti Word oft ey 
2 ase so ion. of Faith prot Profefsion and Subl 
- Gop tye fread alfo inch: firt Parlamenc of Kénr p-cth Chriftians, who have renew 
prefent Parlament, more particularly doe (pecific, 
ition of the holy Sacramencs, as they were then minitt 
che Gid Kirk within this Realme,and cruc Religion pre- 
they keep themielyes fo divided from the focietic of 
Ib eo abet 69. Parl. 6. of King James 6. declares » 
pee of Kirk, nor other fice of Religion, then was prefent- 
ut of God cftablifhed within this Realme, which th 
Relieves, Chrifts trac Religlon, the trae and Chrijtlam Re- 
Woich, by manifold Ads of parlamene, all swithio 
profeile to the Articles thereof, she Con. 
doéteine and errours repugnant ro any of the faid 
Marl, 1. dhe 455 45, 47 Parl. 3. Aad, 71, TH 
Be Parl. 11. 193. Park £3. det. 194- and 197 
fixth, Abdall Magiftrates; Shirefs, or. on the one 
by a? , and punith all Contraviners For 


for the common 
cannot look for a bi 


; te ‘of in publick, 
: amples ro others of all G: 
cvery. 
may, be obferved without violation 
our Hearts, co witnelle, 


under the paine 
nour and refpect 
en us by his he 
= with a happic 
Land, ro the gl 
of us all. Ia 
premilfes, 


ft 


See page 111. 


+ and if any fch dangeroue and div 
ihe wry dae of vt foall cxther [appreffe it, er (if net be) 
ted, 


foal incontinent make the fame knowne 


faithtully promife, for our felves» 
in our particular familics, and 
Keep our {elves within the bounds of Chriftian libertic, 
odlinetfe, Sobernefle, and R 
duerie we owe to @OD and Ma 


who knoweth this to’be our 
fained Refolurion, as wee fhall anfwererto Js 
of GODS everlaiting wrathy 2 
in rhi¢ World, Mott hambly befeeching the 1 
i¢ for this end :. znd co 
, thar Religion and Righroo 
iD, the honour of our King, 
hereof we have fubleribed wi 


motion bee made v0 m, by 


har it may ee Umeonfy ebvsate 
fons of rebellion, combination, or what 


ft and malice wgyld put & a, what 
ariferh from in loos cee nya bts 


the true worthip of GOD, the Majeftic of our King, eden the Kingdome, 
pinefle of our felves, and che pol feritic. And becaufe we 
soe! trom GOD upon pS except with our 


wee } 


ine fach a lite and converfation, asbefeem- 
their Covenant with GOD, We, therefore, 
our followers, and all ocher under us, both 
fonall carriage, to endeavourto 
and to be good ex- 
ighteoufneflc, and of 
‘2, and that this oar Union and Conjunction 
GOD, the Searcher of 
incere Defire, and ane 
sus Cwarer, in thegrestday,and 
ind of infamie, and loffe of all bo. 
to firength 
blefle our defires and proceedings 
agile may” fourith in she 

and peace ar 
ch our hands all the 


» wee call the livi 


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Second sheet. 


NATIONAL COVENANT, 1638. 


A unique, printed example from Cardoness. 


DUMFRIESSHIRE. AND GALLOWAY 


NATURAL HISTORY & ANTIQUARIAN 
SOCIETY 


FOUNDED 20th NOVEMBER, 1862. 


PRANSAC TIONS 


Pee RNAL OF PROCEEDINGS 
1913-14. 


THIRD SERIES, VOLUME II. 


EDITOR: 
GW. oi REE Y. 


DUMFRIES: 
Published by the Council of the Society. 
1914, 


Se 


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iv 'y ; ' 
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s 
nite j f : 
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By 


BaDpy 


Office-Bearers, 1913-14. 


oe —_-_ -—- 


President. 


HucH 8. Guapstonr of Capenoch, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire, 
F.R.S.E., F.Z.S., M.B.0.U., F.S.A.(Scot.). 


Hon. Vice-Presidents. 
Wri1i1am Dickie, Merlewood, Maxwelltown. 
G. F. Scorr Extiot, F.R.G.S., F.L.S., Drumwhill, Mossdale. 
James Lennox, F'.S.A.(Scot.), Eden Bank, Maxwelltown. 
Dr J. W. Martin, Charterhall, Newbridge, Dumfries. 
Dr J. Maxwett Ross, Duntrune, Maxwelltown. 
Joun RutuHerrorDd of Jardington, Dumfries. 


Vice-Presidents. 


S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., Sunnymead, Maxwelltown. 

James Davinson, F.I.C., F.S.A.(Scot.), Summerville, Maxwelltown. 
T. A. Hatuipay, Parkhurst, Edinburgh Road. 

J.S. Tuomson, Provost of Dumfries. 


Hon. Secretary and Editor of Transactions. 
G. W. SHiriey, Ewart Public Library, Dumfries. 


Hon. Treasurer. 
M. H. M‘Kerrrow, 43 Buccleuch Street, Dumfries. 


Hon. Librarian and Curator of Museum. 
G. W. Suirtry, Ewart Public Library, Dumfries. 


Hon. Departmental Curators. 


Antiquities—W. Murray, West View, Maxwelltown. 

Coins and Tokens—James Davipson, Summerville, Maxwelltown. 
Natural History—Dr J. W. Martin, Charterhall. 
Geology—Rosert Watiace, Durham Villa. 

Herbarium—Miss Hannay, Langlands, and Dr W. Sempre, Mile Ash. 


Hon. Secretary Photographic Section. 
W. A. Macxinnett, The Shieling, Maxwelltown. 


Members of Council. 

The President; Vice-Presidents ; Secretary; Treasurer; Librarian; 
Departmental Curators; Secretary of Photographic Section ; 
and Miss M. Cartyte ArrKen, Miss A. Murpnir, Messrs A. D. 
DryspaLE, THomas Henprerson, D. Manson, J. P. Mimriean, 
G. Macrnop Stewart, and A. WEATHERSTON, 


vi ip 


4 
ve 


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y 
j 
jie 
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i 
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- ay | : 
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: 4 


CONTENTS. 


Abstract of Accounts 

Annual Meeting 

Armistead, W. H. Birds that are Land and Water Feeders ... 
Arnott, 8S. Plant Superstitions 

Elliot, G. F. Scott. Primitive Man 

Exchanges 

Exhibits 


Field Meeting— 
Leadhills and Enterkin Pass 


Fraser, James. Some Galloway Plants ... 


Gladstone, H. S. Presidential Address—Addenda to the 
Statistical Account of Scotland by Robert Riddell of Glen- 
riddell 


Hamilton-Grierson, Sir Philip J. The Protocol Book 
(1541-1550) of Herbert Anderson, Notary in Dumfries ... 


Hewison, Rev. J. King. The Literary Histories of the Crosses 
at Ruthwell and Bewcastle 


Irving, J. Bell. List of Armorial Bearings Noted in Dumfries- 
shire and Adjacent Counties: Part II. 


Lebour, Nona. White Quartz Pebbles and their Archeological 
Significance 


Macdonald, J. C. R. Notes on the Titles of Cowhill Tower, 
in the Parish of Holywood pt be ape 


M‘Gowan, Bertram. A List of the Coleoptera of the Solway 
District: Part II. 


Members, List, Revised to 15th June, 1914 

Neilson, Dr George. Dumfries: Its Burghal Origin ... 
Office-Bearers 

Presentations 


Robison, J. Further Excavations at the King’s Castle, 
Kirkeudbright 


176 


ll 


35 


~ 


959 


116 


6 CONTENTS. 
PAGER 


Rutherford, J. Astronomical Notes for 1913 ... oe =. alo 
— Weather and other Notes taken at Jardington during 1913 144 


Shirley, G. W. The Raid at Dumfries on Lammas Even, 1508 78 
— A Unique Example of the National Covenant of 1638 ... 111 
Wallace, Robert. The Geology of Lochrutton, with Special 
Reference to Water Supply ... he os ae {Saale 
Watt, Andrew. Rainfall Records for the Southern Counties 
for the Year 1913 as Nae ae ae tee eee oe 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Unique Example of the National Covenant of 1638 Frontispiece 


Royal Castle at Kirkeudbright, Plan... Aer ae me AO) 


EDITORIAL NOTE. 


The Editor again acknowledges his indebtedness to Miss 
Harkness for the careful typing of the Index, and thanks the 
Editor of the Dumfries and Galloway Standard for permission 
to reprint Dr Neilson’s article, *‘ Dumfries: Its Burghal 


Origin,’’ and the report of the Field Meeting. 


It must be understood that as each contributor has seen 
a vroof of his paper, the Editor does not hold himself respon- 
sible for the accuracy of the scientific, personal, or place 
names, or for the dates that are given therein. | Where 
possible, errors have been corrected in the Index. 

Members working on local Natural History and Archzo- 
logical subjects should communicate with the Honorary 
Secretary. Papers may be submitted at any time. Preference 
is always given to original work on local subjects. 

Enquiries regarding purchase of Transactions and pay- 
ment of subscriptions should be made to the Honorary 
Treasurer, Mr M. H. M'‘Kerrow, 43 Buccleuch Street, 
Dumfries. 

Exchanges, Presentations, and Exhibits should be sent 


to the Honorary Secretary, Ewart Public Library, Dumfries. 


G. W. 5S: 


PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS 


OF THE 


Dumfriesshire and Galloway 


Natural History & Antiquarian Society. 


SESSION 1913-1914. 


17th October, 1913. 
Annual Meeting. 


Chairman—H. S. GLapstonge, M.A., F.Z.S., F.R.S.E., 
F.S.A.(Scot.), President. 


The Office-Bearers and Members of Council for the 
Session were appointed (see p. 3). 


The Secretary and Treasurer submitted their reports, 
which were approved. The former showed: that there were 
15 life, 10 honorary, 14 corresponding, and 405 ordinary 
members, that 14 indoor and 1 field meeting had been held. 
Presentations had been more numerous and important than 
usual. The Society exchanged Transactions with 56 kindred 
associations. The Library continued to increase, mainly in 
Transactions, but five volumes were purchased last year. 
The Museum showed little change. Mr James Davidson was 
naming and arranging the collection of minerals, and Mr 
Robert Wallace had increased the collection of fossils, par- 
ticularly the graptolites of the district. Although some 
presentations had been made for the Herbarium, they had 
not been arranged in the collection. 


The President referred to the death of Mr J. F. Cormack, 
Lockerbie, who joined the Society in 1893, and had taken 


10 ANNUAL MEETING. 


much interest in its work, being one of its Vice-Presidents 
at the time of his death. 


Presidential Address. 


By Hucu S. Grapstone of Capenoch, M.Ac, F.R-Soe 
IRV Z.S.,0.S-AAScot.)- 


Addenda to the Statistical Account of Scotland by 
Robert Riddell of Glenriddell. 


[This paper, with valuable additions, comprising a Life 
of Riddell, a Bibliography of his Works, printed and in 
manuscript, and a Genealogy of the Family of Riddell, has 
been issued by the Society as a separate publication, pur- 
chasable by the public and, at a reduced price, by the 
members of the Society. This departure from custom was 
taken by the Council out of necessity. The printers inti- 
mated that they could not again print the Transactions 
at the former estimate, which had been given as recently as 
December, 1912, when their prices had been considerably 
raised. On taking fresh estimates the Council found 
itself faced with an increase in the cost of printing of over 
7o per cent. The cause of the increase was not hidden. The 
master printers of the south of Scotland had found them- 
selves compelled to join the ring which, gradually extending 
its circumference, finally by this move obtained almost com- 
plete control of the printing industry of Great Britain. In 
justice to our own printers it must be explained that the 
magnitude of the increase is due to the very low prices that 
prevailed for many years in the district and by which the 
Society was able to obtain its printing at prices actually con- 
siderably below cost. In consequence of this extension of 
the Master Printers’ Federation, it was found impossible to 
obtain cheaper prices elsewhere, and the only procedure pos- 
sible to the Council was the sacrifice of some of the Society’s 
work. No action with regard to the subscription could be 
taken until the Annual Meeting of 1914-15. 

In these circumstances the Council welcomed the offer 
of the President to guarantee any loss if it would issue his 
paper as an entirely separate publication. : 


Crosses At RUTHWELL AND BEWCASTLE. 11 


Members interested in this valuable account of Robert 
Riddell, of his family, and of the many curious notes with 
which he annotated the first six volumes of The Statistical 
Account of Scotland may obtain it, by the generosity of the 
President, at a special rate from the Secretary. | 


sist October, 1913. 
Chairman—Mr S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., V.-P. 


The Literary Histories of the Crosses at Ruthwell 
and Bewcastle. 


By the Rev. J. Kinc Hewson, M.A., D.D., F.S.A.(Scot.). 


[Dr Hewison dealt in an illuminative manner with the 
sculpture, runes, symbols, and art of the Crosses, and showed 
many fine lantern slides. His work, The Runic Roods o! 
Ruthwell and Bewcastle, with a Short History of the Cross 
and Crucifix in Scotland (Glasgow, 1914), subsequently pub- 
lished, covers fully the subject of his lecture, and precludes 


the insertion of a lengthier notice here. | 


14th November, 1913. 


Chairman—Mr James S. THomson, Provost of Dumfries, 
Vers. 


The Geology of Lochrutton, with Special Reference 
to Water Supply. 


By Ropert WALLACE. 


A careful study of the topography of that portion of 
the Galloway uplands which stretches from the Nith to the 
Dee clearly. shows that there have been many changes in 
the drainage system of that area. There is ample evidence 
to prove that the arrangement of valleys at present existing 
is a product of evolution, and represents the outcome of a 


continuous and a prolonged denudation. 


12 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 


The present watersheds have undergone a persistent 
progression in the course of several geological ages, and 
consequently many of the lochs are of quite recent origin 
and rivers are now running in directions altogether different 
from that of their original courses. Any addition to our 
knowledge of the pre-glacial river system of South Scotland 
will be of considerable value—commercially and economically 
—to the district embraced. 

In this paper, however, we are concerned only with that 
district occupied by Lochrutton and its drainage area. A 
comprehensive view of the history of the physiographical 
conditions of this region from the Pliocene Age to the present 
day will give a clearer conception of the changes involved 
in the formation of the Loch, and a true appreciation of the 
natural forces at work accumulating and excavating. This 
will considerably simplify the problem of obtaining a per- 
manent supply of pure water from this natural reservoir for 
the needs of Dumfries and Maxwelltown. Unfortunately, 
there has been no detailed geological investigation of the 
district. The Memoir of the Geological Survey (published 
1877) simply states that this Loch rests partly on rock and 
partly on glacial drift. 


PHYSICAL FEATURES. 


The Loch, which is at present about 139 acres in extent, 
is situated in a large hollow running approximately north 
and south. On the eastern side the Hill’s Hill, Barlae, and 
other heights form a long ridge rising 300 feet higher than 
the Loch. This high ground acts as a leading watershed. 
The streams on the eastern slopes drain either into the Nith 
or into the Urr below Dalbeattie. West of Lochrutton, the 
Barnbachle Hill, at an altitude of 604 feet, acts as the water- 
shedding area between it and the Milton. To the north of 
the Loch the valley gradually opens out, and is merged into 
a larger valley drained by the Bogrie Burn, and trending 
east and west. At the southern or upper end of the Loch 
there is, first of all, an old moss (Merkland), hemmed in by 
Steep sides, and after that the remnant of a V-shaped 
valley extending in a westerly direction to the valley head 


THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 13 


at Riggfoot. This upper valley is traversed by a small 
stream, Under-the-Brae Lane, which lower down is named 
Merkland Burn, from the moss through which it discharges 
into the Loch. The outlet, which is known as the Lade, as 
it emerges from the Loch runs north between the Moat Farm 
on the left and Shealinghill on the right. It flows rapidly 
along a rocky bed past an old meal mill, and, lower down, 
a sawmill, until it encounters in front of the waterworks a 
series of flat hollows. These alluvial flats extend along its 
course until it unites with the Bogrie Burn, the united waters 
being known as the Glen Burn. The high water leval of the 
Loch is 305 feet above sea level. The leading features of the 
landscape are large expanses of marshy flats along the upper 
shore and long winding ridges on the western flank. 


GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. 


The underlying rock is of a uniform nature throughout 
the whole district, and consists of bands of hard greywacke 
and occasional bands of hard shale. This strata is near 
the base of the Silurian formation, and may be classed as 
of the same age as the Gala rocks of South Scotland or the 
Tarannons of Wales. Owing to a tremendous lateral pres- 
sure, the rock has been thrown up into innumerable folds, 
with the result that the strata in this district are generally 
vertical and sometimes inverted. The folds are arranged in 
a series of arches varying from a few feet to miles. The 
domes of the arches are continually being removed by 
denudation, laying bare the upturned edges of these old 
rocks in such a way that bands of hard greywacke and 
softer shale are arranged side by side on the rock surface 
of the present age. The long axes of these folds lie from 
north-east to south-west, and the result of a prolonged course 
of weathering has been to wear out the softer shales into 
hollows, leaving the hard bands protruding. This gives a 
wrinkled or corduroy appearance to the landscape. Pro- 
bably the finest exhibition of this form of weathering, which 
is common to the whole tableland, can be seen in these rocky 
knolls running from Easthill and Tregallon to the Glen Burn. 
The strike of the rock here is almost east and west, con- 


14 Tue GEOLOGY oF LOCHRUTTON. 


sequently these parallel ridges with their intervening hollows 
follow the same direction. When it is remembered that all 
the older streams and principal lochs have also an east and 
west trend, then we will at once see the powerful effect that 
the arrangement of the strata and its subsequent weathering. 
have had upon the original drainage system of the area. 

The Glen Burn gives an excellent illustration of the. 
way in which a running stream pierces the rocks and shales. 
The course of the stream differs by a few degrees from the 
direction of the strike. The burn has excavated the shales 
for a few yards, and then crossed the hard greywacke at 
right angles until it encounters the next strike of shales. 
The result is an east and west drainage with occasional 
Zig-Zags. . 

The form of the surface has since been greatly modified 
by the powerful effect of glaciers during the Ice Age. In 
some places the old land surface has been wholly changed. 
Great quantities of decayed rock rubbish have been removed, 
laying bare the unweathered surface. In other districts 
the retreating glaciers have deposited large accumu- 
lations of glacial drift. These deposits of the Glacial Age 
are distributed throughout the district in an interesting 
manner, and have a strange diversity of form and height, 
according to the conditions and size of the glaciers. 

A general survey of the Loch will show at a glance 
that its formation is geologically of very recent date, and 
also that any change since effected, either in the way of 
accumulation or removal, is clearly defined and can be easily 
measured. 

Before dealing with the method of loch formation and its 
subsequent history of change, we must consider carefully 
the physiographical conditions that existed on that spot 
immediately before the Loch was formed. It is only by 
such means that a true estimate can be formed of the 
original contour of the lake floor and the amount of altera- 
tion since effected. 


AGE. 


Both the lake and the alluvial flats which originally 


THE GEOLOGY or LOCHRUTTON. 15 


belonged to it rest directly upon glacial mounds. The Lade, 
which is the Loch’s outlet, is steadily removing the glacial 
boulder clay lying in its path. These two facts, along with 
others which will be considered in detail, prove conclusively 
that the Loch was originated at the close of the Ice Age. 


~PRE-GLACIAL CONTOUR. 


There has been considerable controversy among’ glacio- 
logists regarding the actual amount of work accomplished 
by glacial agency. Without advocating any extreme theory, 
it must be evident to an impartial mind that there will still 
be found some remnants of the hills and valleys that existed 
previous to glaciation. No amount of ice-work could 
remove all the evidence of the contour of the old land surface. 
An easy theory by which the Loch may be accounted for is 
that it existed in pre-glacial times, but underwent modification 
by the ice. This view would seem to derive support from the 
fact that a barrier of rock stretches across the outlet and 
through the village. From that it might be argued that 
there was a pre-glacial hollow surrounded by a rock rim, 
forming a true rock basin. Such a basin would have been 
formed by the removal of a patch of softer rock, or by a 
fault or dislocation of the strata, but there is no indication of 
either of these having taken place. On the other hand, the 
arrangement of the glacial drift points to a free passage for 
the ice flow, incompatible with the idea of a rock basin. 
There is also an entire absence of those peculiarly-shaped 
hummocks generally found in enclosed areas where the ice 
has been hampered in its progress. 


RIVER RuTTon. 

The alternative theory to a rock basin is that of a river 
valley. While the former has no evidence to support it, 
the latter has all the facts necessary in full detail. From 
the watershed at Riggfoot down to the Merkland there is 
still a very large remnant of an old valley. The form is 
V-shaped, with a flat bottom. The sides are steep and 
slightly concave. It is a pre-glacial valley beyond dispute. 
Its steep sides show that it had not fallen into disuetude, 


16 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 


but was actively discharging a river just previous to the 
advent of the ice. The depth of the valley and the ex- 
tremely hard nature of the rock bespeak a medium-sized 
stream with great erosive power exercised during a long 
period of time. Such a stream could not be contained in a 
small basin by evaporation alone, but would necessitate an 
outlet broader and deeper than this valley. A comparison 
with other pre-glacial river valleys proves that the great 
amount of erosion required to excavate this deep valley 
could only have been accomplished by a large stream otf 
long standing and an uninterrupted fall to the sea. The only 
spot in the whole district where such a large rock valley can 
be found is situated underneath the Moat Farm. Along 
both sides of this buried valley the old land surface of rock 
dips rapidly towards a common centre. Behind the Barr 
farmhouse the upper part of the western side of the valley 
is just visible in scattered exposures piercing the turf. On 
the eastern side, from the foot of the Loch to the water- 
works, the dip of the Shealinghill rock surface is more pro- 
nounced, and possibly the angle of inclination is greater. 
The intervening portion has been filled in by accumulations 
of morainic debris during the flow of the glacier along the 
pre-existing valley. - 

I have found other buried valleys in southern Scotland ; 
some afford even less evidence than the above on which to 
pesit their pre-glacial origin, and yet it is held to be con- 
clusive. In the case of Lochrutton a consideration of the 
details that are available place the matter beyond contro- 
versy. 

1. There are no rock exposures on the drums of the 
Moat lands along the path of the buried valley, although 
they are most conspicuous features on the other ridges of 
the area. 

2. A close examination of the western shore of the Loch 
reveals no trace of rock, but it is predominant on the eastern 
flank and at the upper and lower ends. . 

3- The lowest point available, 7.e., the mouth of the 
buried channel, stretching from the waterworks to the Barr, 
has no rock in situ. 


THE GEoLocy oF LocHRuUTTON. 17 


4. An interesting exposure in the channel of the Lade 
opposite the cottage of Old Mill shows the old rock surface 
dipping underneath the boulder clay of the Moat. The dip 
shelf upon which the Lade is resting affords in itself sufficient 
evidence to prove a rapid descent in the old contour. 

5. A prominent band of rock stretches across the foot 
of the Loch and through the village, giving a conspicuous 
exposure on the road. When sinking a well at the School- 
house, a few yards south of this outcrop, the rock surface 
was found to be 15 feet lower, which gives a very rapid dip 
into the valley. 

6. In 1850 the old chart gave the greatest depth, 52 ft. 
6 in., at a point in the Loch between Dutton’s Cairn and the 
western bank. 


PRE-GLACIAL VALLEY. 


It is remarkable that the direction of the old river 
channel agrees with the general trend of the valley system 
of these uplands. Evidently the direction of the strike has 
been a leading factor in determinating the course of the 
streams. The irregularity of the anticlinal folds would, 
however, occasion sharp departures from the normal course. 
In the upper valley (Merkland) the direction was easterly, 
agreeing with the strike obtaining in that locality; about 
Auchenfranco the valley swung a little to the left, and the 
Rutton river flowed due north, and was discharged into the 
lower and larger Bogrie valley. The upper Merkland and 
the lower Bogrie agree with the direction of the strike. The 
middle portion now occupied by the Loch and the Moat was 
a transverse valley, like the Urr valley further west. A 
striking similarity is to be found in the Cairn and its tribu- 
taries, the Auld Water and Glen Burn. The Glen Burn flows 
north-west along the line of strike until it enters the Auld 
Water, which runs at right angles in a transverse direction. 
At the village of Shawhead the Auld Water turns at right 
angles to the left, and flows along the strike through the 
Dalquhairn gorge into the Cairn. The transverse (south- 
east) direction is then resumed for several miles by the valley 


of lower Cairn. 


18 Tur GEoLocy OF LOCHRUTTON. 
Ice AGE. 


The Phocene ‘Age, with its deep river valleys, quiet 
sluggish streams, and genial climate, gradually gave place 
to a new order of things, which was of the utmost import- 
ance to the formation of the Loch. A period of extreme 
cold (Pleistocene Age) set in, until Arctic conditions ulti- 
mately prevailed. Large snowfields were formed in the 
higher regions, and these gave rise to a system of ice rivers 
moving slowly down to the plains below. The elevated 
tract around the Merrick and the Kells acted as a large 

gathering area for the accumulations of snow, and from 

that centre the glaciers moved to lower levels. During the 
period of extreme glaciation, when the snowfall was at its 
maximum, the ice sheet travelled over the Lochrutton area 
from west to east. The rocks are scratched and grooved 
in the direction of the glacial flow. These striated rock- 
surfaces are found on the hill to the east of Riggfoot, at 
Barlae Hill further north, and at Beltonhill in the Bogrie 
valley. Towards the close of the Ice Age, when the glaciers 
were confined chiefly to the valleys, the direction of their 
flow conformed generally to the valley turnings. 


= 


GLACIATION. 


The Loch problem has been influenced by its glaciation 
in two distinct ways :— 

1. The eroding character of the Ice flow as it removed 
all the decayed rock rubbish of the preceding ages, leaving 
bare a finely polished rock surface. 

The accumulation of this rock debris in the form of 
moraines, either underneath the glacier or along the decay- 
ing front of the retreating ice. 

The ice erosion would naturally be more powerful in 
the upper Merkland valley and the lower Bogrie basin, on 
account of their direction being the same as that of the ice 
movement—eastward. Large quantities of moraine heaps 
have been left in this lower basin, and so obscure the shape of 
the old hollow, but the Merkland valley has been severely 
glaciated, especially at its upper end. Between Loaninghead 


»T. 


THE GrEoLoGy or LocuRutTTon. 19 


and the. Merkland Bridge prominent rocky ridges running 
parallel with the valley have been rounded, polished, and left 
almost bare. The softer shales between the hard bands 
have been hollowed out, leaving puzzling depressions with- 
out any apparent cause. The whole eastern shore of the 
Loch has suffered from ice abrasion. Rocky ribs run into 
the Loch without any covering of glacial drift. The band 
of hard rock now running through the village was polished 
by Nature’s chisel before roadmaking dawned upon the 
untutored mind of paleolithic man as he watched the slow 
retreat of the valley glacier. 


MORAINES. 


The distribution and arrangement of these large masses 
of rock rubbish play a very important part in the conditions 
which were inaugurated at the close of the Ice Age. The 
material deposited by the ice was arranged in various forms 
according to the position it occupied in the moving glacier. 
The moraine heaps in this district have one feature in 
common. They consist of rounded ridges of boulder clay 
and gravel with smooth flowing outline. Their long axes 
agree always with the direction of the ice movement; and 
the internal structure of the stones and clay is convex— 
agreeing with the outward shape of the ridges. These 
characteristics point to a sub-glacial origin. The moraines 
have all been formed underneath the ice, possibly some of 
them on the valley floor. Torrential streams tunnelled the 
ice and swept along an irregular assortment of clay, sand, 
and stones, gathered from the ice above. This material 
was built up in a convex form, and frequently assumed large 
dimensions. 

Probably the oldest moraines deposited by the Rutton 
ice are those prominent drums running diagonally along the 
eastern slopes. There are at least three. One of them lies 
across a little pre-glacial valley, but is being steadily removed 
by the Minnin Burn in its flow to the Loch. The drums 
are in a direct line with the upper Merkland valley, and 
belong to the earlier period when the large glaciers were 


20 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 


moving in a straight line eastward and climbing the hills 
which Jay in their path. 

During the closing scenes of the Glacial Age the valley 
ice, following the line of least resistance, turned from its 
easterly course below the Merkland and travelled north along 
the narrow transverse valley until it encountered the 
Crocketford ice moving down the Bogrie valley. On account 
of the easterly direction of the lower valley, and also because 
of its larger size, the Crocketford ice absorbed the smaller 
glacier—the whole moving out at ‘the Glen and the Grove 
gorges. While the Rutton ice was intercepted at the valley 
mouth, the escaping streams rapidly deposited sub-glacial 
moraines under the tunnelled ice. The Moat lands at present 
show a peculiar arrangement of these morainic drums. 
Towards the Bar the direction of their long axes is east and 
west, but nearer the Loch they run north and south along 
the course of the buried channel. 

At the farm of Merklandwell there is another moraine— 
a drumlin—sitting alone in the middle of the valley. While 
it also is of sub-glacial origin, yet its outward form is entirely 
different from the two varieties previously described. It is 
much shorter, and its complete isolation gives it an appear- 
ance of height. The bend of the old river course a little 
further along the valley may have been responsible for its 
formation in one of the huge crevasses, or it may be of the 
nature of a roche moutonnée resting upon the ground 
moraine of an older date. 

One thing is certain, it represents the very last phase of 
glaciation—the finishing touch of Nature in that prolonged 
and gigantic process of earth sculpture which is responsible 
for the scenery of to-day. 


FORMATION OF LOCHS. 


We have considered two barriers thrown across the 
Rutton valley—the partial and temporary block at Merk- 
landwell and the large deposit filling the valley from Auchen- 
franco downwards. The new streams would accumulate in 
the hollows thus formed, giving in the first place two distinct 
lochs. Evidently the water would continue to rise until the 


THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 21 


two were united—forming one sheet, with the Merkland 
drumlin as an island. Such a large mass of water would 
rapidly remove, by means of an outlet, any surface debris 
at the lower end. In this way the water level would fall, 
giving again an upper and a lower loch. 


OUTLETS. 


The duration, or rather the very existence, of a 
morainic loch depends primarily upon the point of emergence 
of its outlet. This occurs sometimes at the weakest point— 
that is, close to the buried channel—or it may happen at any 
other point which is lower. Lake Windermere is a typical 
example of escape by the lowest point. Its outlet, the River 
Leven, is considerably removed from the buried channel at 
the foot of the valley. The weakest point of the Merkland 
barrier—that is, the material that would be easiest removed 
by stream erosion—would be at the drumlin. The lowest 
point was situated behind the Merklandwell cottage; and 
along this depression the outlet sought its way. At the foot 
of the Rutton Loch the lowest point was found to be on the 
opposite side of the valley. The trend of the glacial flow 
explains this. The Lade found the lowest point to be in 
the angle formed by the eastern side of the buried valley and 
the rounded ends of the Moat drums. 


RECENT MODIFICATIONS. 


Any change that has since occurred in the lochs has. 
been along two distinct lines :—(1) Excavation by stream 
erosion; (2) formation of alluvial flats by sedimentation. 

Although these two forces are in direct opposition to 
each other, yet there is such an intimate and continued 
relation between the two at every step that we must consider 
the present condition of things as the result of one process 
—modification. 


MERKLAND LOCH. 


The path chosen -by the Merkland Burn to convey the 
surplus water of that Loch traverses at least two bands of 
hard rock. The band in front of the cottage is 50 feet wide, 


22, THE GEoLoGy or LOCHRUTTON. 


and crops out near the surface. This rock barrier across 
the outlet would prevent the lowering of the stream, and 
as the barrier and the stream are nearly at right angles 
there would be no opportunity for the burn to ower its 
channel by working sideways. Into the upper end of the 
Loch the feeder would be continually discharging sediment 
from the valley above. The Loch would act as a settling 
pool, causing precipitation on the valley floor. 

The quantity of precipitation is governed by two 
factors :—(1) Rate of wastage of the upper drainage area; 
(2) erosive power of the stream upon the barrier at the foot. 
The Silurian greywacke is extremely hard, and its surface 
waste due to the action of weathering is of small amount; 
but all the pre-glacial torrent tracts and hollows having been 
filled up with glacial drift, the result was that the rate of 
wastage in that area was very great. As there was no 
lowering of the outlet, the site of the lochan ultimately 
became a peat moss. Its age should approximate that of 
the Kirkconnel Moss—the twenty-five feet beach period. 


LOWERING THE LADE. 


As we have seen, the Lade made its escape at the lowest 
point. This was over rock, and the consequences are a rock 
barrier and a rocky bedded stream. Had the Lade got out 
at the weak point, which would have been through the 
village, there would have been no Loch now. 

The amount of erosion accomplished by the Lade is 
shown in three distinct ways :—(1) A lowering of the bed 
of the stream five or six feet, especially in the upper portion 
next the Loch; (2) a gradual recession of the waterfall up 
the stream towards the Loch; (3) a travelling of the stream 
sideways to find a lower level. 

The vertical erosion of the Lade at the Loch outlet has 
in this instance been the determining factor in lowering the 
level of the water. Very little has been accomplished by 
the stream in its backward movement. From the base level 
in front of the Water Works the falls have retreated up 
stream to the Old Mill, forming a series of small cascades. 
\ prominent band of rock at the Sawmill has been against 


THE GEOLOGY OF LocHRUTTON. 23 


this movement. The lateral erosion is not only interesting, 
but is also of great significance. The original course of the 
ade was along the face of a sloping rock surface now 
occupied by the road. Although the banks were very much 
higher on the left of the stream than the knolls of Shealing- 
hill on the right, yet there has been a continuous movement 
to the left. A section of the stream in front of Old Mill 
Cottage shows how the Lade has eroded the Moat boulder 
vidges in its efforts to find a lower channel in the buried 
valley. 


SEDIMENTATION. 


This process has been continuous since the formation 
of the Loch, and may be conveniently considered in two 
distinct aspects :— : 

1. The deposits now above water. 

2. The accumulation of silt still under the present water 
level, and burying the original floor of the Loch. 

These deposits are more extensive at the upper end, 
and that portion may therefore be considered first. 

Following the plan of the old chart, we find that the 
Merkland and the Carswadda Burns had each their own 
outlet into the Loch previous to the embankment. Around 
the mouths of each feeder, and for a considerable distance 
backward, there is a large expanse of flat marshy land com- 
posed of black alluvium. The flats are very extensive, 
amounting to several acres. They show a gradual rise from 
the lake outwards until the flowing contour of the glacial 
deposits is reached. Around the Merkland feeder the 
alluvium reaches nearly to Auchenfranco Farm. The line 
of demarcation is very distinct. It shows not only the 
relationship between the outer boulder clay and the younger 
deposit of alluvium resting upon it, but also the different 
character of the deposits. The demarcation line winds 
sinuously round the lake head, and marks off the highest of 
the alluvial fringe as the result of the earliest sedimentation. 
It shows the point at which the water originally stood, and 
is the same height as the top of the Loch banks at the 
outlet. 


24 THe GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 


MarsuHy Fats. 


The Merkland Burn has contributed a much larger 
amount of alluvium than its neighbour; but considering the 
relative size of the two streams, the Carswadda shows a 
greater erosive power. This is explained by the rate of 
wastage, varying in the different areas. The glacial deposits 
lying across the head waters of the Carswadda are being 
rapidly removed and deposited in the Loch, but the Riggfoot 
portion has been swept comparatively bare by ice-erosion. 
Further, the Merkland Loch acted as a filtering pool, and, 
intercepting the suspensions, gave a pure feeder to the Loch. 
When, however, the upper Loch was filled up the proportions 
were reversed, and the largest feeder swept in huge quan- 
tities of peat from its own store at an accelerated rate. 

The eastern shore contributes a larger quantity of waste 
than the western; consequently its sedimentation is greater, 
especially near the mouth of the Minnin Burn. Had the rock 
barrier at the Lade outlet been of a harder nature, and able 
to keep the Loch at its original high level, the alluvial flats 
would have been nearly horizontal from their highest point 
inland. At the point where sedimentation ceased they would 
have an abrupt slope towards the middle of the Loch. In 
the case of a small stretch of water the sedimentation is 
general and the deposit grows from the bottom upwards. 
A rapid lowering of the barrier would have given us no 
loch. As it is, there has been a fine balance of power. 
Gradual erosion of the outlet has carried forward the point 
of sedimentation, and so produced a shelving slope at a 
gentle angle of four or five degrees. 


THE Barr Locu. 


In the Bogrie district the glacial drums lie along the 
valley east and west, showing the direction of the Crocket- 
ford ice. Near an gld shed there is a large boulder of 
Arenig lava, which has its nearest outcrop in the Urr valley, 
many miles to the west. One of the drums lay in the path 
of the newly-formed Lade, which was here augmented by the 
Barr Burn from the west. This obstruction caused a block, 


THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 25 


and produced a flood plain stretching towards the Bar. 
arm, and in this long deep hollow a loch was rapidly 
formed. It was finally silted up, as the Lade escaped round 
the end of the drum below the Water Works. ‘The sedi- 
mentation is level rather than shelving. At the junction with 
the Barr Burn the banks show an exposure of a black peaty 
deposit over five feet deep; the base not seen. 


Dromore Locu. 


Dromore Loch was formed by a rock barrier at the head 
of the Glen gorge, and a few yards down stream from the 
junction of Bogrie and Lade. As the erosion of the rock 
barrier at Lakehead Cottage was slow, the flood plain was 
consequently lJarge—covering several fields of Dromore 
Farm. The bottom of this lochan has been filled with 
moraines, giving a very shallow depth of water. The top 
of three drums can be seen, covered with alluvium, in 
Dromore meadow. About fifty yards from the bridge a 
buried drum can be seen, running east and west—a relic of 
the Crocketford ice. The sedimentation in Dromore Loch 
is not peaty, but shingly. Nearer to the Water Works 
corner the stones increase in size, until they show the 
irregularity of a fluvio glacial deposit as it escapes from a 


retreating ice front. 
There is no evidence of lake silt having been carried 


from Lochrutton bottom and deposited here. The accumu- 
lation in these hollows corresponds in quantity and char- 
acter with the boulder clay which has been removed by the 
stream from the Moat banks. 


Locu’s OrRIGiNAL DEPTH. 


This survey of the various conditions that gave rise to 
the formation of the Loch will also furnish explanations of 
the original contour of the lake floor before sedimentation 
had set in. A transverse section across the middle of the 
Loch would then show, stretching under the water on the 
eastern side, a slope corresponding to the dip of the rock 
surface above water; while, on the western side, there would 
be a sudden fall down to the buried channel. In this section 


26 THe GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 


the deepest portion would lie near to the glacial drums on 
the west side. Further up the Loch the old channel would 
swing more into the middle in order to meet the Auchen- 
franco bend. North of this line of maximum depth the 
slope under water of the eastern bank would lessen until the 
outlet was reached. The lower western shore, on the other 
hand, would be more or less precipitous until the first band 
of rock was encountered near the village. The upper end 
would from the very first contain a large proportion of 
boulder clay washed in from the moraines around. The 
original maximum depth might be approximated by 
measuring the angle of inclination formed by the sloping 
sides of the old Merkland valley. This would give the depth 
of the apex; and with an allowance for the fall of the river 
from that point an indication of the depth of the channel 
would be given. 


OLp CHART. 


In 1880 a series of soundings of the Loch were taken. 
The results thus obtained show that at that date the amount 
of sedimentation resting on the old bottom was very great. 
The whole of the upper end was considerably filled in. It 
was four hundreds yards from the top of the Loch before 
24 feet of water was found. This increased gradually 
until 32 feet was reached between Dutton’s Cairn and the 
Lake dwelling. About fifty yards south of the Cairn the 
greatest depth was found to be 52 feet 6 inches. Along 
line No. 15, near the mouth of the Minnin Burn, there was 
a 12 feet platform stretching out three hundred yards. From 
that point there was a steep gradient. Eighty yards further 
out the depth had fallen to 36 feet=1 in 10. 

This deepest point was exactly midway between the 
mouth of the Minnin Burn and the opposite shore. Sound- 
ings not over 12 feet included the whole of the Loch north- 
east of the islands, except a narrow strip running from the 
Cairn towards the village. The chart shows very clearly 
the trend of the old valley making for the north-west shore. 

Soundings were taken again in 1887 along the longitu- 
dinal line No. 1, and the transverse line No. 15, and down 


THE GEOLOGY or LOCHRUTTON. Di 


central line (No. 1) again in 1912. Taking these records as 
a whole, the central line becomes now the line of nearly the 
greatest depth. For a distance of two hundred and thirty 
yards south of the islands there is an increase in depth. The 
greatest drop at any one point is 15 feet. Between the 
islands, however, the sediment has risen 19 feet. Considered 
on. section line No. 1 alone, there is a very large increase of 
silt, but transverse line No. 15 shows a considerable narrow- 
ing of the deepest channel, and that in spite of its removal 
westward. 
Duttron’s Cairn. 


Dutton’s Cairn may be the exposed portion of a ledge 
of rock reaching north to the projecting shore, or it may 
be the top of another moraine similar to the Merkland drum, 
and stranded in the same way. The sudden dip on all sides 
except that facing north would lend countenance to the latter 
view, and also account for a prolongation of the deep channe! 


between the islands in the direction of the outlet. 


COMPARISONS. 


Nearly all of the smalier lochs rest wholly upon moraine 
debris :—Lochs Mailling, Urr, Regland, Partick, Auchen- 
crieff Loch, Collochan Loch, and Loch Aber. They are silt- 
ing up very rapidly. Lochs Howie, Skae, Brack, and 
Babbington are in the last stages of existence. The largest 
and best class of lochs lie partly upon the pre-glacial land 
and partly upon moraines, e.g., Auchenreoch, Corsock, 
Milton, and Lochinvar. The relationship of the present 
Lochrutton to the silted Merkland is admirably seen in 
certain lochs in the Lake District. Buttermere and Crum- 
mock Water were previously one sheet, but are now 
separated by large flats as a result of sedimentation. Der- 
wentwater and Thirlmere are similarly related, but the flats 
are larger. The nearest approach to the Lochrutton position 
occurs at Loch Skene in Moffatdale. Above the loch, at the 
foot of Broad Law, another loch existed. It has been 
drained by the Midlaw Burn, and is now a large expanse 
of marshy moorland. Loch Skene is being rapidly lowered 


28 THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 


by the Tail Burn cutting its way through the tumultuous 
mass of moraine mounds, and finally falling over the famous 
Grey Mare’s Tail. 


CONCLUSIONS. 


The springs which flow from Tarannon greywackes 
amidst such an extensive system of rock folding are very 
deep-seated, and may therefore be depended upon for a 
supply when slightly inclined porous strata will have failed. 

If the apex of a synclinal fold is tapped by an artesian 
well there is every prospect of a considerable addition to 
the present supply. 

The present stream in the Merkland valley is very much 
smaller than the original river that cut the groove; therefore 
the Loch is not receiving its full share of water from that 
area. The Minnin Burn also does not give a discharge pro- 
portionate to the valley in which it lies. 

There is comparatively little drainage received from the 
western side of the Loch, and yet the Barr Burns on the 
north side of the drums were supplying water during the 
excessive drought. Another method of augmenting a storage 
supply against a dry summer would be to utilise again the 
Merkland basin. The material excavated from the basin 
might be used, if found suitable, for a dam. 

If the water had been drawn from the western side of 
the Loch very little rock excavation would have been 
required in laying the pipes or in sinking the filter beds. 

The futility of erecting an embankment at the lake top 
across a deposit of mud fifty feet deep is apparent. The 
continual disappearance of the material poured in at its 
formation needs no further explanation. The sedimentation 
of the upper portion of the Loch is excessive. The increase 
of silt under water is serious. The transportation of sedi- 
ment to the lower end since the erection of the embankment 
shows the increased projective force of the united feeders in 
their banked condition. 

Many other deductions can be drawn from the foregoing 
data, which come exclusively within the province of the 
engineer, and are outside the scope of geological investiga- 


THE GEOLOGY OF LOCHRUTTON. 29 


tion. Plans and charts have been kindly lent by Mr Nigel 
Wilson, the engineer, and he has also afforded the writer 
very valuable information from his own experience. 


Some Galloway Plants. 


By JAMES FRASER. 


The following list of plants for Kirkcudbright and 
Wigtown may be of some help and interest to those who are 
studying the Flora of these delightful counties. 

All the plants from Kirkcudbrightshire mentioned in 
this list were seen during 1910, in August of which I spent 
a holiday of two weeks at Castle-Douglas, a charming town 
and a convenient centre from which one can easily reach to 
Douglas Hall in the east, New-Galloway in the north, and 
Creetown in the west. The Wigtownshire plants were seen 
during a holiday spent in that picturesque and famous 
summer resort, Portpatrick, in August of 1911 and of 1912, 
when the district, from Challoch Junction to Lochnaw, and 
from Stranraer to the Mull of Galloway, was explored as 
completely as the tropical heat of the former year and the 
almost arctic cold of the latter would allow. 

The number of new species added to the Floras of the 
counties since the publication (in 1882 for Kirkcudbrightshire 
and in 1894 for Wigtownshire) of Mr M‘Andrew’s Floras 
(modestly entitled ‘‘ Lists ’’) is remarkably small, and the 
smallness of the number bears testimony to the care and 
completeness with which these counties were botanized and 
the ‘‘ Lists ’’ compiled by that keen observer and veteran 
botanist, who, we rejoice to know, is still as enthusiastic as 
ever in the pursuit of his favourite hobby. I have not 
materially added to the number of hitherto unrecorded 
species, except in the case of that class of plants usually 
referred to as “‘ 


ce ” 


casual ’’ or such as those which 
for many years have appeared annually on the shore of Loch 
Ryan, near the Sheuchan Mills at Stranraer. Any plants 
mentioned herein which have not, as far as I know, been 
previously observed in the respective counties are indicated 


(to the number of 27) by a star in front of the name, two, or 


alien, 


80 SoME GALLOWAY PLANTS. 


at the most three of these, being natives, and the remainder ~ 
plants. 


ce ” 


recently introduced or “‘ alien 

The figures 73 and 74 represent the vice-county num- 
bers of Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire respectively 
in Watson’s Topographical Botany. 


Chelidonium majus, L. 
By roadside near Lochans; an escape from a garden. 


*Fumaria purpurea, Pugsley. 
On the shore about two miles north of Drummore. 


Only one large clump observed. 


Fumaria Bastardi, Bor. var. hibernica, Pugsley. 
At Portpatrick; plentiful. 

*Barbarea precox, Br. 
On the side of the road east of Castle-Douglas, v.c. 73. 
At the shore and by the side of the road near the 
railway station, Portpatrick, v.c. 74. (New for Wig- 
townshire only.) 

Hesperis matronalis, L. 
A single clump by the roadside west of Challoch Junc- 
tion. 

*Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. var. letocarpum, D.C. 
At Portpatrick; plentiful. 

*Kruca sativa, Mill. 
Stranraer shore; several. 

Thlaspi arvense, L. 
At Portpatrick ; several. 

Lavatera arborea, L. 
Several splendid examples of this plant occur in Port- 


patrick just outside a garden, and in somewhat similar 
conditions at Morroch Bay. 


*Oxalis corniculata, L. 
Trigonella Foenumgrecum, L. 
Stranraer shore; two or three plants of each. 


Melilotus alba, Desr. 
Stranraer shore; several. 


Some GALLoway PLAN's. 51 


M.-indica, All. 
Stranraer shore and Portpatrick railway station; several. 

*Lens esculenta, L. 
Stranraer shore; several. 

Potentilla Anserina, L. var. concolor, Wallr. 
Near Portpatrick; plentiful. 

*Sedum album, L. 
At Portpatrick; plentiful in one place. 

Epilobium augustifolium, L. 
On railway bank at Dunskey Castle; one large patch. 

Apium graveolens, L. 
On west side of Auchencairn Bay; about a dozen plants. 

Scandix Pecten-Veneris, L. 

Coriandrum sativum, L. 

Galium tricorne, Stokes. 

Asperula arveisis, L. 
Stranraer shore; several of each. 

Jasione montana, L. 
A form with very pale fowers and much smaller heads 
than in the type, near Dunskey Castle. 

*Guizotia abyssinica, Cass. 
At Portpatrick railway station; several. 

*Matricaria discoidea, D.C. 
In August, 1910, this plant was plentiful by the sides of 
every road leading out of Castle-Douglas; at the Quay, 
Dalbeattie; and at the Quay, Kirkcudbright: v.c. 73. 
But not a single plant was observed at Creetown in that 
year, nor at Stranraer, Portpatrick, Drummore, and 
district in the two following years. 

*Petasites fragrans, Presl. 
A large fully established colony in Portpatrick. 

*Carduus argentatus, L. 


Silybum Mariana, Gaertn. 


Two or three of each at Stranraer shore. 


a SoME GALLOWAY PLANTS. 


‘Centunculus minimus, L. 
On Craigoch Moor, Portpatrick; plentiful. 

*Symphytum peregrinum, Ledeb. 
I saw only a single clump of this growing by the side 
of the Port of Spittal burn, about a quarter of a mile 
from its mouth. It is a strong, leafy plant, with flowers 
of a pale pink tinged with light blue when fresh. There 
is another Symphytum in Wigtownshire (growing abun- 
dantly in the gully just south of Dunskey Castle, etc.), 
with very deep blue or dark violet flowers, which seems 
to be a colour variety of S. officinale, L. 

Anchusa sempervirens, L. 
Roadside between Damnaglaur and Kirkmaiden; Castle- 
Kennedy ; and Portpatrick. 

Asperugo procumbens, L. 

=Convolvulus altheoides, L. 

*C. tricolor, L. 
Stranraer shore; several of each. 

Lycopersicum esculentum, Mill. 
Stranraer shore; on the shingle about a mile north of 
Portpatrick; on the shingle north of Drummore; 
common. 

Linaria viscida, Moench. (L. minor, Desf.). 
Very plentiful on the railway and sidings from Castle- 
Douglas eastwards in 1910; several on the railway track 
at New Luce station in 1912. 

Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. 
Several at Creetown; and plentiful in Portpatrick. 

Mimulus Langsdorfit, Donn. (M. luteus, auct. ang.). 
This cosmopolitan garden outcast is common in both 
counties. At Douglas Hall there is a colony growing in 
the shade, with petals of a darker yellow and more 
spotted than usual; and at Kelton there is a colony with 
smaller flowers and fewer spots. 

Mentha alopecuroides, Hull. 
South of Creetown; and at Douglas Hall; in v.c. 73. 
At Morroch Bay; Terally Bay; and Portpatrick; v.c. 74. 


- 


SoME GALLOWAY PLANT'S. 3: 


Mentha longifolia, Huds. 
On shore south of Drummore (outcast) and at Port- 
patrick. 


Mentha piperita, L. var. officinalis (Hull). 
At and near mouth of Port of Spittal burn. 


Mentha sativa, L. 

Carlingwark Loch; Bridge-of-Dee; and south of Cree- 
town; in v.c. 73. Near mouth of Port of Spittal burn; 
by the roadside near Knockingham House; near Duns- 
key Castle; at roadside north of Dunskey Lakes; and 
at Sandhead; in v.c. 74. I give the localities for this 
plant in detail, as Professor Scott-Elliot in his Flora of 
Dumfriesshire says in a note to M. sativa, L. in Dum- 
fries, Kirkcudbright, Wigtown :—‘‘ These are all doubt- 
ful as records of the sub-species.’’ 


*Mentha rubra, Sm. 
Craigoch burn; and at old mill, Portpatrick. 


Origanum vulgare, L. 
Plentiful at Orchardton Tower. 


Chenopodium murale, L. 
Stranraer shore; several. 


Polygonum cuspidatum, Sieb. and Zucc. 
At Portpatrick and Stranraer, in several places. 


Humulus Lupulus, L. 
South of Creetown and at Auchencairn Moss, both with 
male flowers, and at Port of Spittal Bay. 


Tritonia crocosmiflora. 
On the shore at Portpatrick. Common in the neigh- 


bouring gardens. 
*Asphodelus fistulosus, I.. 
*Phalaris minor, Retz. 
P. paradoxa, L. 


P. paradoxa, L. var. praemorsa, Coss. and Dur. 
Stranraer shore; several of each. 


34 Some GALLOWAY PLANTS. 


*Alopecurus utriculatus, Pers. 
A. agrestis, L. 
*Phleum tenue, Schrad. 
*Avena barbata, Brot. 
A. strigosa, Schreber. 
*4. sterilis, L. 
*Gaudinia fragilis, Beauv. 
Stranraer shore; several of cach. 


Calamagrostis epigeios, Roth. 
A single clump near Portpatrick. This same patch was 
observed by Mr M*‘Andrew in 1895. 

Poa palustris, L. 
Plentiful at Kenmure Castle, New-Galloway, where it 


was first observed by Mr M*Andrew many years ago. 
Poa memoralis, L. 

Dalbeattie railway station; several. 
*Poa compressa, L. 

On the railway track at Castle-Douglas; several. 
*Festuca bromoides, L. 

Dalbeattie railway station; two or three plants. 


*Bromus maximus, Desf. 


B. arvensis, L. 


Stranraer shore; several of each. 


Bromus mollis, L. var. glabratus, Doell. 
Roadside at Dunskey Lakes; several. 


Lolium temulentum, L. 


Stranraer shore; several. 


*A gropyron repens, L. var. Leersianum, S. ¥. Gray. 
South side of Portpatrick harbour; plentiful. 
Hordeum pratense, Huds. 


Plentiful on the margin of a field at the Quay, Dal- 


beattie, where it was first observed by Mr M‘Andrew in 
1883. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


oY) 
~ 


List of Armorial Bearings Noted ia Dumfriesshire 
and Adjacent Counties. 


By J. BELL IrviNG. 


Part 0). 
[Part I.—Transactions, 1912-13. A helmet is indicated 
by the *. The Kirkconnell is that in Kirtlewater. | 


HALL. (A) A chevron between 3 birds’ heads. Crestr—-A 
bird. Morro—‘‘ Cura quitem.’’ (B) A hand (palm 
exposed) on which is perched a bird pecking at fore- 
finger and in chief 3 cinquetoils: the whole reversed. 


1673. David Hall in Corrimains. (B) Tundergarth. 
1777. James Hall in Know. (A*) Corrie. 
HALiipuerton, John, of Askerton, 1791. Bewcastle. 


On a bend wavy 3 lozenges. Crest—A boar’s head 
erect. Morro— Watch well.” 


HALLIDAy. (A) A curved sword, point down, and in chief 3 de- 
crescents. (B) A dagger, point up, and in chief 3 
increscents impaling wife’s, Isobel Irving. (C) <A 
Latin cross, the upper limb potent, and in chief 3 
decrescents. (D) A sword, point up, the hilt within 
a crescent, in chief an oblong charged with a saltire. 
(EK) A chevron. (I*) 2 roundles between 2 bars. 

Crests—(a) A spread eagle. (b) A sword in bend debruised 
by a boar’s head (behind which is something bend- 


sinisterwise. 
Morro—(y) Haud ullis labentia Ventis. (z) Virtute parta. 
1703. Robert Holliday in Gulelands. (A) Dornock. 


1710. George Holliday in Whiniridge. (A) ~~ Dornock. 
1718. John Holiday in Auchinbedridge. (Bay*) 


Canonbie. 
1723. Andrew Holliday. (E) Arthuret. 
1753--Mary Holiday. (D) Kirkpat.-Fleming. 


Impaled with W. Irving’s. 
1837. James Halliday of Locharbriggs. (F) = Tinwald. 
1838. John Holliday, innkeeper. (C) Old Annan. 
1839. Sir Andrew Halliday, Deputy Inspector-General of 
Hospitals. (bz) St. Michael’s. 


HamIiLton, John, in Lockerbie, 1763. Lockerbie. 
A chevron between 3 four petalled roses, above shield 
is a crown, above it an oblong, and above is Crest 
—A pine cone (?). Morro—‘ Thorrow.”’ 


36 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


Hannay, Robert, merchant, Glasgow. Kelton. 
3 stags’ heads collared and belled. Crest—A cross 
crosslet fitchy out of a crescent. Morro—‘ Per 


Ardua ad Alta.’’ 


Harpinc, Christopher, of Readhill, 1769. Irthington. 
On a bend 3 martlets, on sinister of bend a rose 
between 2 fleur-de-lys in chief, and just below them 
a sloping bar. Helm. 

HARKNESS. 

1765. George Harkness in Crowsknow. Kirkbankhead. 
A chevron between 3 fleur-de-lys. 

1848. Richard Harkness, died Marchhill. St. Mary’s, 
Dumfries. 
2 pairs of bars gemelle dancette between 3 small 


fleur-de-lys, between the upper pair 2 mullets, and 
between the lower pair a crescent. 


Harrison, George, of Linethwaite, 1861. Holme Cultram. 
(High, inside porch.) An eagle displayed and a chief. 
Crest—An anchor. 
[ITENDERSON. 
(A) 2 (or 3) mullets in chief, and in base a long bow 
to dexter and a buckle to sinister; very indistinct. 
(B) Per pale pily, on a chief an increscent between 
2 ermine spots. (C) As B, but a crescent. (D) On 
a fess 2 fleur-de-lys. 
Crests—(a) A sexfoil. (b) A hand erect holding a mullet. 
Morro—(x) Sola Virtus Nobilitas. 
1674. Thomas Henderson of Broomhill, minister at 


Gratney. (A) Gretna. 
1769. Wm. Henderson in Kirkcroft. (Ba) Sibbaldbie. 
1773. John Henderson in Cowthat. (Cbx*) Hoddom. 
1776. Andrew Henderson in Mainholm. (D) Hoddom. 


HeErRRIES (see Maxwell of Terregles and Herries Maxwell of 
Munches). 
(A) Quarterly (i. and iv.), a saltire and in chief a 
label humetty of 3 points; (ii. and iii.) 3 hedgehogs. 
Morro—‘‘ Dolis dedit.”’ Above is ‘‘G.M. 1582,’’ 
below is ‘‘The Hows of Herreis.’’ This is in the 
sinister base compartment of an achievement above 
door of Kirkcudbright Castle. (B) 2 shields: (.) at 
top of stone, almost worn out, bearing something 
like a pair of hands erased pointing to dexter and 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 37 


HERRIEs (contd.). 
sinister in chief, (ii.) in centre of stone, a thin sal- 
tire humetty between a label point (?) in chief and 
3 roses (?) in dexter, sinister and base. 


1582. (quartering of M‘Lellan). (A) Kirkcudbright 


Castle. 
1662. Robert Herris, minister of Dryssdal. (B) Dryfes- 
dale. 
HBTHERINGTON. 


(A) 3 lions rampant (or leopards). (B) Per pale, 
argent, and checky, 3 lions rampant. (C) A chevron 
engrailed above between 3 lions rampant. 
Crests—(a) A demi-lion rampant (?). (b) An arm armed 
embowed erect holding battleaxe transversely. 
-_—- (A*) Walton. 
—— (A*) Walton. 
= (A) 
-——- (A) Lanercost. 
(A*)  Lanercost. 
1745. John Hetherington of Dacer Hall. (A*)  Laner- 


Lanercost. 


cost. 

1748. Hetherington of Walton. (A*) Walton. 
Half helm. 

4752. Hetherington of Hollinstone. (A*) Bramp- 
ton. 
Half helm. 

1755: Hetherington of Orchet House.  (Aa%) 
Lanercost. 

? Hetherington of Orchet House.  (Ca*) 

Lanercost. 
Underground. 

1762. (A*) Brampton. 

1774. James Hetherington of Hollinstone. (A*) 
Irthington. 

1780. James Hetherington of the Temonhillhead. (Ab*) 
Irthington. 


1853. James Hetherington of Hurtleton. (B) Irthington. 
? (all reversed). (A*) Irthington. 


Hewer, John, of Batinbush. Kirkandrews-on-Esk. 
(No date.) 3 birds, 1 and 2, that in chief to sinister, 
those in base facing each other. A helm. 


38 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


HODGSON. 
(A) A chevron battled embattled between 3 martlets. 
Crests—(a) A martlet (ona roundle). (b) A dove (?) bear- 
ing olive branch. Morro—(x) Be ever watchful. 
1zo1. John Hodgion of Easton. (Aa) | Bowness-on- 


Solway. 
1839. John Hodgson, J.P. of Carlisle and Bowness. 
(Abx) Bowness-on-Solway. 
1843. C. B. Hodgson, Harker Grange. (b) Houghton. 


3) 


Hoae, John, in Mwmbiehurst, 1744. Canonbie. 
A saltire engrailed (and a bordure). 
Hope. 
2. Wm. Hope in Kirkland. Kirkconnell. 
On a chevron between 3 roundles a bay leaf. 

1886. Rev. John Hope. Dunscore. 

Crest—A terrestrial globe cracked to centre, above it a 
rainbow. Morro—‘‘ At Spes non fracta.’’ 


175 


Hounam, Robert, joiner, 1756. Canonbie. 
An oval shield divided in centre by a bar, in chief is 
an escallop in an oblong between 2 roses, and in base 
a chevronel between 2 pairs of compasses, points 
resting on chevronel, and in base an object in outline 
like a ringed watch pierced branchwise. 


Howat, Kirkpatrick, of Mabie. Troqueer. 
Argent a saltire azure between 3 mullets and an 
owl, on a chief azure 3 cushions argent, all within a 
bordure gules; impaling or a chevron dovetailed 
argent between 3 eagles displayed within a bordure 
azure. Crest—A mailed hand erect holding a 
dagger embrued erect. Morro—‘‘I mak sicker.’’ 

FIUNTER. 
(A) 2 dogs (?) “‘rampant’’ and in chief a cornet, 
mouth to dexter. (B) A hunting horn mouth to 
dexter in base, and in chief a bow with arrow on 
string point up. 

(a) A hand transverse holding a dagger erect. 

(b) A fleur-de-lys (?). 
Morro—(x) Keep trist. 
1727. Thomas Hunter, sometime in Craigencoon. (Ax*) 


Crests 


Tynron. 
1770. Robert Hunter in Trailtrow. (a) St. Mungo. 
1775- John Hunter in Knockhill. (B) Hoddom. 


y 


aS es. 


— Pe sae 


4 
: 


if 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 89 


Hunter (contd.). 
1798. Robert Hunter in Milnflat. (Bb*) Hoddom. 


HustIn, James, 1835. Dunscore. 


A cross, and in chief & billets, 4 and 4. 


Hystop, Andrew, in Millhead, 1706. Gretna. 


IRVING. 


A bar and a bordure. 


(A) 3 holly leaves, 2 and 1. (B) 3 holly leaves, 1 and 
2. (C) 3 holly leaves, 2 and 1, pendent (not ser- 
rated). (D) 3 holly leaves. quartering gules, a fess 
ermine between 3 bells. (I) 3 holly leaves and a 
crescent. (F) 3 holly leaves in fess. (G) 3 holly 
leaves in fess abased, stems tending to centre base. 
(H) 3 holly leaves in fess or in bend. (J) 3 holly 
leaves in fan; no shield. (KK) A fess between 3 holly 
leaves. (1) 3 holly leaves and a bordure vert. (M) 
A chevron between in chief 3 holly leaves springing 
from the crevron, and in base a segment of a circle 
with beaded edge. (N) 3 holly leaves, 1 and 2, and 
in base a saltire, all in a bordure. (QO) 3 holly leaves 
erect in bar in base, in centre a cherub, from whose 
head springs a double branch of holly with 6 leaves. 
(R) 3 bunches each of 3 holly leaves with stalks 
crossing. (S) 3 bunches each of 3 holly leaves with 
stalks banded, not touching. (T) 3 cnquefoils. 


Crests—(a) A holly leaf. (b) A tree of 7 branches, each 


bearing a holly leaf. (c) A hand erect holding a 
sheaf of 3 holly leaves transversely. (d) A cubit arm 
holding a branch of 7 holly leaves proper.(e) An arm 
erect embowed armed holding a branch of 3 holly 
leaves. (f) An arm erect embowed armed holding 
2 holly leaves. (g) A cap of maintenance girdled 
with oak, and having a thistle head as tassel, from 
which rises an arm erect embowed vested broken off 
at the hand. (h) 3 holly leaves, out of which springs 
an arm erect embowed vested, holding a dagger 
daggerwise in bend. (j) 5 arrows, points down. 
banded. (k) A bird. (1) A bird holding in beak a 
leaf (2) and a spray of 3 leaves, the whole between 
2 oak leaves springing from the wreath. (m) A hand 
erect holding a thistle head and 2 leaves. (n) A 
fleur-de-lys (2) over a peculiar wreath. (p) A 
cherub. 


Morros—(u) Haud ullis labentia Ventis (or ulles). — (v) 


Nullis cadentia Ventis. (w) Sub Sole sub Umbra 


40 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


IRVING (contd.). 


virens. (x) Sub Sole et Umbra virescens. (y) Sub 
Sole Umbra et virens. (z) Hyeme et Aestate viresco. 


1635. Thomas Irving of Kirkpatrick. (A) Old Annan. 
1636. Wm. Irving of heads. (Ap) Old Annan. 
1643. Christopher Irving. (A) Old Annan. 
1646. C. Irving of Breaes. (A) Old Annan. 
? Wm. Irving. (A) Old Annan. 
1646. Georg Irving of Breaes. (A, defaced) Old Annan. 
1648. Iffray Irving of Broats. Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
Worn away. 
1664. John Irving in Ecclefechan. (A) Ecclefechan. 
1672. (John Irving of New Orchard). (H) New Orchard 
Impaling Johnston. 
1680. Jane Irving of Wiseby. (A) Old Annan. 
1681. John Irving in Lownwath. (A) Gretna. 
? (Irving of Kirkconnell) (Ak)  Kirkconnell Hall. 
1688. John Irving, bailie of Annan. (A) Old Annan. 
1691. Thomas Irving in Giminbie. (A)  Kirkpat.- 
Fleming. 
1693. John Irving in Blatuod. (A) Dornock. 
Impaling Carruthers. 
1706. Wm. Irving of Kirkconnel. (Aau*) Kirkconnell. 
1708. Richard Iruing in Sarkshiels. (A) Wauchope. 
1709. Irving of Luce. (Aau*) Luce. 
1712. John Irving in Esbie. (C) Lochmaben. 
1714. Adam Irving in Haltoun of Stabletoun. (A) 
Dornock. 

1717. Georg Irving in Hardrigs. (A) Dornock. 
1718. Isobel Irving. (Au) Canonbie. 
Impaled with Holiday in Auchinbedridge. 

1721. Thomas Irving, Broomiknowe. (F) Canonbie. 
1722. John Irving of Gulielans, J.P., Bailie, &c. (Au) 


Old Annan. 


Impaling daughter-in-law, Carruthers. 


. Christopher Iruing in Auchinriuock. (G) Canonbie. 
. Walter Irving in Longshaw. (A) Old Hoddom. 
. Andrew Irving in Wysbiedikehead. (A) Old 


Hoddom. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 41 


IrvinG (contd.). 


1726. Jannet Irving, spouse to A. Beaty in Elderbeck 
(A) Dornock. 

1730. David Irving in Mouswall. (A) Mouswald. 
1730. James Irving in Atchisonbank. (A) Gretna. 
1732. Wm. Irving, Elderbeck. (A) Dornock. 
1732. John Irving in Longlands. (A) Dornock- 
1732. James Irving in Annan. (A) Old Annan. 
1732. Wm. Irving in Nutberry. (A) Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
1734. James Irving in Elderbeck. (A) Dornock. 
1735. James Irving in Barrascrofts. (A) Canonbie. 
1737. John Irving in Longrigs. (A) Gretna. 
1738. John Irving in Dornock. (A) Dornock. 
1740. Wm. Irving in Graystons. (Ax) Kirkconnell. 
1741. John Irving in Garden of Glinzer. (K) Canonbie. 
1741. Wm. Irving in Trailtrow. (A) Repentance. 
1742. Daniel Irving in Howgillside. (N) Kirkconnell. 
1743. George Irving in Trailtrow. (A) Repentance. 
1743. Herbert Irving, Meinfoot. (A) Old Hoddom. 
1743. John Irving in Rabiewhat. (A) Dalton. 
1744. Walter Irving in Hills. (A) Gretna. 
it 


—_ 


Ll 


| 

SST ONT ST 

Cru Ca” on on 
NO om 


~ ~~ 
ios) 
‘3 


wn 


Jean Irving, spouse to John Blyth, gardener. (A) 
Ecclefechan. 


. Andrew Irving in Todcleughside. (A) Canonbie. 
. George Irving in Bogra. (A) Tundergarth. - 
. John Irvine of Cove. (Byvpz) Kirkpat.-Fleming. 


Wm. Irving in Wicketthorn. (Am*)  Kirkpat.- 
Fleming. 
Impaling Holiday. 


. John Irving in Sarksheels. (Ax) Kirkpat.- 


Fleming. 


. Ieane Irving in Brous, spouse to J. Huichison. (A) 


Kirkpat.-Fleming. 


. Jean Irving, spouse to John Blyth, gardener. (A) 


Ecclefechan. 


. Wm. Irwin of Highrow. (Rj*) Nether Denton. 
. John Irving in Robsgill. (O)  Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
. John Irving in Bush. (R*) Old Hoddom. 
. Andrew Irwin of Trottermane. (S*) Lanereost. 


42 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


IrviING (contd.). 


? (lying on face). (A) Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
1770. John Irving in Todknouhead. (A) Canonbie. 
1771. Wm. Irving of Allerbeck. (A) Kirkconnell. 
1772. John Irving of Jerriestown. (MM) Kirklinton. 
1776. Peter Irving in Bograw. (A) Canonbie. 
1776. John Irving of Whitehill. (Ac) St. Mungo. 
Impaled with Bell, q.v. 

1779. John Irwin of Lowrow. (Rj*) Nether Denton. 

1782. Wm. Irving, schoolmaster. (Bu) Hoddom. 

1784. John Irwin of Lowrow. (Rj*) Nether Denton. 

1z7gt. Wm. Irving, Readhall. (B) Gretna. 
No shield. 

1796. Sarah Irving of Kirkconnell. (Anu*)  Kirk- 
connell. 

1799. David Irving in Dawenswals. (A) Kirkconnell. 

180--. Joseph Irving, mariner. Kirkbean. 

1809. Jeffrey Irving of Cove. (Eu)  Kirkpat.-Fleming. 

1809. John Irving, portioner in Lochmaben.  (Eeu*) 
Annan. 

1810. John Irving in Hillhead. (T) Old Morton. 

1824. Wm. Irving, joiner. (J) Annan. 

1828. Wm. Irving, shoemaker. (B) Annan. 
Shield reversed. 

1828. Sir P. Ae. Irving of Woorhouse. (gu) Kirkpat.- 
Fleming. 

1832. Thomas Irwin of Justicetown. (1) Arthuret. 

1832. James Irving of Wysebie. (A) Dalton. 
Impaled with Carruthers. 

1865. John Irving, mariner, Annan.  (h) Dornock. 

1895. Peter Irving of Port Carlisle. (Lfv*) Bowness- 


on-Solway. 
Impaling Simpson. 


. James Irving of Blackhall. (Lfv*) Bowness-on- 


Solway. 


- John Bell-Irving of Whitehill. (Dw) St. Mungo. 
. John Robert Irving of Bonshaw. (Adu)  Kirtle. 


Quartering Winter. 


Jackson, Elizabeth, 1870. Cummertrees. 


A bendsinister and a bordure. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 435 


JARDINE. 
(A) A saltire and a chief, on centre point a decres- 
cent. (B) A saltire and on a chief 3 stars. (C) A 
saltire and on a chief 3 mullets. (D) A saltire, gules, 
and on a chief 3 spur rowels of 6 points. (I) Quar- 
terly, i. and iv., on a saltire a crescent, and in base 
a holly leaf, ii. and iii., 3 roundels. (IF) A mono- 
gram between 2 mullets and a cross crosslet potent 
fitchy (shield heart-shaped). (G) Or a cross. 
Crests—(a) An arm erased erect broken off at wrist. (b) 
A winged spur. (c) A sexfoil or star. 
Morros—(w) Cave adsum. (x) Redaye ay redaye (over 
Scott shield). (vy) Nunquam non paratus. 
? (No name, but filled in below to Ro. White, 1782. 
(C) Hoddom. 
1769. John Jardine in Lockerby. (Ax) Applegirth. 
Impaling Scott. 
1774. John Jarden in Hoddommains. (Bw) | Hoddom. 


Impaling Graham. 
2? (No name, in cottage wall). (Ea*) Tinwald House. 
y) (Over vault).. -(C) Applegirth. 
1823. Wm. Jardine, surgeon, R.N. (Gby) St. Michael’s. 
1893. James Jardine of Dryfeholm, &c. (Dw) Lockerbie. 


? Jardine of Lanrick and Corrie. (F) St. Mungo. 
Jerrerson, George, of Moorstow, 1711. Arthuret. 


A cross. 


JOHNSTON. 
(A) A saltire and on a chief 3 cushions. (B) A sal- 
tire and on a chief 3 cushions quartering an anchor. 
(C) Argent a saltire, gules, and on a chief 3 cushions. 
(D) Argent a saltire, azure, and on a chief gules 
3 cushions. (KE) Argent a saltire checky, and on a 
chief gules 3 cushions or. (F) A saltire and in base a 
heart crowned, on a chief gules 3 cushions. (G) A 
saltire between a mullet in chief, a mullet in base, 
and 2 garbs in fess, and on a chief 3 cushions. (H) 
A saltire invecked between 2 roundels in fess and a 
crescent in chief, and on a chief 3 cushions. (J)A sal- 
tire invecked between 2 roundels in fess, and on a 
chief 3 cushions, each charged with a roundel. (IK) 
A saltire and in chief 3.cushions. (1) A saltire and 
in chief 3 cushions and in base a heart. (MM) A sal- 
tire humetty ends rounded, in chief 3 cushions, above 
them 2 roundels, and in base a heart. (N) A saltire 


44 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


JoHNston (contd.). 
and in chief 2 cushions and in base a heart. (QO) 
A saltire and joining its lower limbs a bar ; a bordure 
incised in chief to form 3 square points. (P) 3 
cushions in chief. (Q) 3 cushions in fess. (R) A 
saltire. (S) A saltire engrailed and a bordure. (T) 
A bend. 

Crests—(a) A winged spur. (b) A winged spur strapped. 
(c) A winged spur, wings transverse, rowel in form 
of cross. (d) A winged spur, within it a heart. 
(e) A pile of balls (?) on summit of which a star. 

Morros—(w) Nunquam non paratus. (x) Appropinquat 
Dies. (y) Cave pratus. 

1638. Thomas Johnstoun of Piersbiehall. (A) Tunder- 


garth. 

1657. Earl of Hartfell. Arthuret. 
With Graham of Esk. Complete. 

1658. Jenot Johnstoun. (L) Kirkbankhead. 
Accollié with Armstrong. 

Wise /A\s lls (MU) Moffat. 


Accollié with spouses, N.D. 
? John Johnstone, ‘‘ Arms of Gallabank.’? (Gaw) 


Moffat. 

TO 7250 wan (A) New Orchard. 
Impaled with Irving. 

1687. Jennet Johnstoun. (K) Gretna. 


Impaled with Armstrong. 
1696. Archibald Johnstoun in Northcroft. (K) Dryfes- 


dale. 
? David Johnston in Co (K) Dryfesdale. 
2 ? (Kaw) Dryfesdale. 
1697. John Johnston, provost of Moffat. (A*) Moffat. 
1697..(No name.) (N) Wantray. 


1699. Thomas Johnston in Rosstreis. (K)  Kirk- 
andrews-on-Esk. 

1700 (?). John Johnston of Willihole. (O) Tundergarth. 

1711. John Johnstoun of Soulterfoord. (Q) Stapleton. 

1711. James Johnston of Nethercastlehill. (Aa*) Tun- 


dergarth. 
1712. James Johnston. (K) Cummertrees. 
1715. Robert Johnston of Keltoun. (Hex*) St. 
Michael’s. 


The tomb bears escutcheons of Williamson of Castle 


JOHNSTON 


EATS. 


1717. 


1718. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 45 


(contd.). ‘ 
Robert, Young of July Hill, Johnston of Clochry, 
Craik of Stewarton and Douglass. 

Johnston of Clochry (see last). (J) St. 
Michael’s. 
George Johnstoun (?) of Whitekno. (KK) Tunder- 


garth. 
John Johnston of Eastar Earshaw. (K) __ Kirk- 
pat.-Juxta. 


1722. George Johnston, Whiteknow. (Ka*)  Tunder- 
garth. 

eyes. Johnston. (K) Gretna. 

1727. John Johnston in Westwood. (A) Tundergarth. 

1729. Adam Johnstoune in Castlemilk. (A) Tundergarth. 

1729. John Johnston in Castlehill. (A) Tundergarth. 

1734. Wm. Johnston of Middlewestwood. (Aa) Tun- 
dergarth. 

1737- Robert Johnston in Holmains. (P) Cummertrees. 

1737. Wm. Johnston in Breahead. (K) Gretna. 

1737- Richard Johnston in Skails. (K)  Kirkpat.- 
Fleming. 

1739. Wm. Johnston of Bearholm. (Ad*)  Kirkpat.- 
Juxta. 
Impaling Douglas. 

1739. Wm. Johnston of Banks. (Ka*)  Tundergarth. 

1739. James Johnston, millar of Lochmaben. (A) 
Lochmaben. 

1741. John Johnstone in Seafield. (K) Cummertrees. 

1742. Wm. Johnston in Woodside. (S) Canonbie. 

1743. Robert Johnston. (K) Kirkpat.-Fleming. 

1744. John Johnstone in Milnpeth. (R) —Ecclefechan. 

1748. Thomas Johnston in Tongue. (Aa*) Carruthers. 

? Wm. Johnstoun, Whitknow. (A) Tundergarth. 
1750. Wm. Johnston, tayler in Burn. (A) Tundergarth. 
1750. Walter Johnston, died Craighouse. (Ka) Corrie. 


Agnes Johnston. (A) Applegarth. 
(Various stones illegible). Gretna. 
Janet Johnston. (K) Kirkpat.-Fleming. 


Impaled with Carruthers. 


46 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 
JounstTon (contd.). 
? Georg Johnston. (Ks) Old Annan. 
? Johnston. (IS) Old Annan. 
P (Lying on face). (A) Kirkbankhead. 
1750. Wm. Johnston in Millickansbuss. (A) — Kirk- 
bankhead. 
1751. Thomas Johnston in Gards. (K) Gretna. 
1752. John Johnston in Littlewhat. (K reversed) Old 
Hoddom. 
1754. John Johnston in Stobieknow. (K)  Kirkpat.- 
Fleming. 
1755. Wm. Johnston in Englistoun. (A) Kirkbankhead. 
1759. Johnston in Sarkbridge. (IK) Gretna. 
1760. Robert Johnstone in Righead. (K) Rerwick. 
1761. Harchibald Johnston, died Redkirkmiln. (A) 
Kirkbankhead. 
1768. George Johnston in Readhill. (K) Gretna. 
In place of crest is shield, which may be that of 
spouse, S. White, q.v. 
1775. Robert Johnston in Lockerbie. (K) Lockerbie. 
1775. John Johnston in Croudieknow. (A) Carruthers. 
W7Ox [See Ieee), 
1777. Simon Johnston in Lowriesclose. (Ac*)  Car- 
ruthers. . 
1780. John Johnstoun of Burn. (A) Tundergarth. 
1780. James Johnston, land surveyor in Atchisonbank. 
(Bbw) Kirkbankhead. 
1802. John Johnston in Penlaw. (Ka) Corrie. 
1806. (Impaled with Carruthers). (K) Kirkconnell. 
1808. George Johnston. (Ay) Pennersax. 
1826 Johnston of Cowhill. (Daw) Holywood. 
Impaling Stewart. 
1830. George Johnston in Williamsfield. (K) Kirkpat.- 
Fleming. 
1834. George Johnston of Wampool (2). (Caw) Aikton. 
1835. Wm. Johnstone of Grange. (aw) Tundergarth. 
1837. Peter Johnston of Carnsalloch. (Fbw) Kirkmahoe. 
1840. Gavin Johnstone, Haugh. (T) Kirkmichael. 
1853. G. Johnston. (E) Irthington. 


Impaling Hetherington. 


re tee 


b ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 47 


JouHNs?TON (contd.). 
1873. John Johnston, schoolmaster. (b) Cummertrees. 
1874. W.G. F. Johnston of Garroch. (bw) St Michael's. 


KENNEDY. 
(A) A chevron between 3 cross crosslets, that in base 
flanked by 2 crescents reversed. (B) Argent a 
chevron, gules between 3 cross crosslets fitchy sable, 
rising from the point of chevron a demi-fleur-de-lys. 
Crest—(a) A demi-lion rampant. 


1785. John Kennedy in Yeats. (A) Luce. 
1795- Alexander Kennedy of Knockgrey. (B) St. 
Michael’s. 


1843. Robert Kennedy, died Dalwhat. (a) Durisdeer. 


KerrR. 

(A) A chevron between 3 stars of 8 points. (B) On 
a chevron 3 mullets, each charged with a roundel, 
and in base 3 mascles. (C) Gules on a chevron, 3 
mullets, and in base a crowned heart. (D) A saltire 
and on a chief 3 cushions. 

Crests—(a) A quaterfoil. (b) A unicorn’s head. (c) The 
sun in splendour. 

Morro—(w) ‘‘ Pro Christo et Patria.’”’ 


1734. James Ker, milner in Dalton. (Aa*) Dalton. 
1776. John Kerr, died Side of Tinwall (?). (D) Loch- 
maben. 


1778. Thomas Kerr, mason in Dicksridge. (B)  Kirk- 


connell. 

1826. John Kerr, provost of Dumfries. (Cbw) — St. 
Michael’s. 

1890. W. S. Kerr. (c) Troqueer. 


KIRKPATRICK (see Howat). 

(A) A saltire and 3 cushions. (B) A saltire and on a 
chief 3 cushions (part underground). Supports—2 
lions. (C) Argent a saltire azure, and on a chief 
azure 3 cushions ; on an escutcheon of pretence gules. 
a mullet on a fess or between 3 locks (7). Sup- 
porters—2 lions. 

Crrests—(a) A hand erect grasping a dagger erect. (b) A 
hand transverse erased grasping a dagger erect. 

Morros—(w) ‘‘I make sure.’’ (x) ‘I mak sicear.”’ 

1696. John Kirkpatrick in Barnmuir. (A*) Closeburn. 


48 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


KIRKPATRICK (contd.). 


? (A) Closeburn. 

1742. Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick of Closeburn. (Caw*) 
Closeburn. 

1750. Robert Kirkpatrick of Cranst (?)  (Bb*) 


Garrel. 
1887. Wm. Kirkpatrick, J.P., mayor, Walsall, Staffs. 
(ax) Closeburn. 


Knusey, of Finglandrigg, 1787. Bowness-on-Solway. 
A lion rampant gardant, on a chief a star between 
2 crescents. Helmet atfronti. 
Crest—An arm vested embowed erect holding scimitar 
bendwise. 


Lams, Richard, of Seathill, 1746. Irthington. 
In, chief a large fleur-de-lys, in centre 2 spur rowels, 
and in base a rose. Crest—A lamb with Latin cross 
behind. Helm. 


LANGLANDS, John, 1767. Stapleton. 
3 leopards’ faces in bend, and in sinister chief 3 
cocks, 2 and 1. 
LATIMER. ; 
(A) A cross botonny (?) and 3 fleur-de-lys in bend 
(1 concealed). (B) A cross flory and over it on a 
bend 3 fleur-de-lys. (C) A square shield bearing a 
combination of the elements of (B), viz.: 3 fleur-de- 
lys in bend on a combined bend (which blends imto 
the 2 outer fleur-de-lys), a baton ending in fleur-de- 
lys and a bar ending similarly. (D) 3 fleur-de-lys 
(and a bordure). 
? John Lattimer. (A) Arthuret. 


1726. Richard Latimer of Burnfoot. (C) Arthuret. 

1745. [Thomas Latimer, merchant in Virginia.  (B) 
Arthuret. : 

1736. David Latimer of Clitt: — (iD) Kirklinton. 


}.AURIE. 
(A) A cup whence issues a garland (?) between 2 
branches. (B) A cup with handles whence issue 2 
branches. 
Crests—(a) 2 branches crossing in saltire near base. (b) 2 
branches forming an arch and between them —— 
Morro—(x) ‘* Virtus semper Viridis.” 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 49 


Laurie (contd.). 
1785. John Lowry, Esq. of Durranhill. (Aax) Wetheral. 
1841. Richard Lowry, Esq. of Durranhill House. (Bb) 
Wetheral. 


Law, Elizabeth, 1745. Irthington. 
A horse passant, tail over back. Helm. 


Lawson, Hugh of Girthead, 1781. St. Michael’s. 
Crest—A demi-lion (?) rampant rising from a ducal crown. 
Morro—“ (Juod honestjmo utile.”’ 


Linpsay, John, 1863. St. Michael’s. 
Quarterly, i. and iv. plain; ii. and iii. a bend all 
within a bordure. 


RATTLE. 

(A) A saltire. (B) A saltire and in chief a mullet. 
(C) A saltire and in chief a mullet and another in 
base. (D) Sable a saltire engrailed. (8) A saltire 
engrailed. (F) A saltire engrailed, in chief a mullet, 
in base a crescent. (G) A saltire engrailed, in chief 
a mullet. in base a decrescent. (H) A saltire en- 
erailed, in chief a mullet of 4 points, in base a 
crescent. (J) A saltire engrailed, in base a crescent, 
and a bordure. (K) A chevron, in chief a mullet, in 
base a crescent reversed. (Ll) A chevron, in chief 3 
stars of 8 points, in base a crescent-increscent. (M) 
A chevron, in chief a square and compasses.  (N) 
Checky. (QO) In dexter a lion rampant to sinister, in 
centre cross-bones, in mid chief a sword bendsinister- 
wise point up, in sinister chief a crescent (horns down 
and to dexter), in mid base a crescent-increscent 
(horns up and to dexter), in sinister base a mullet. 
(P) In dexter chief a crescent, horns to sinister and 
down, in other 3 quarters 3 mullets (?). 

Crests—(a) A star of 8 points. (b) A leopard’s face. (c) 
A hand erect grasping a javelin transverse. 

Morros—(w) ‘‘ Loyal (--Il) au Mort.’’ (x) ‘‘ Magnum in 


Parvo.”’ 
1673. Litle in Meikldail. (O) Ewes. 
1689. John Little in Calvertholm. (IF) Corrie. 
1697. Wm. Litle in Damhead. (P) Kirkbankhead. 
2? (Lying on face broken.) (B) Corrie. 
i7og. I. Litle. (G) Arthuret. 


Tmpaled with Bigems. 


50 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


LirrLe (contd.). 
1734. Andrew Little in Crofthead. (EF) Wirkandrews- 


on-Esk. 
1735. Christopher Little in Timpon. (FE) Kirkbankhead. 
1737- John Littel in Conhess. (C) Arthuret. 
1741. Wm. Little of Burntstock. (KS) Arthuret. 
1745. John Little in Wisbihill. (J) | Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
1747. Uhomas Little of Green. (N) Stapleton. 
1751. Gavin Little, died Dirhops. (La* ?) Middlebie. 
1755. James Little in Midelbyhill. (F) Middlebie. 
1761. Thomas Little in Whiteriggs. (H) ~ Corrie. 
1763. Thomas Little of Harperhill. (M) Stapleton. 


1764. Mary Little, spouse to R. Deans, q.v. 

1788. Andrew Little in Over Bogside. (Acw*) Old 
Hoddom. 

2 Matthew Little (portioner in Langholm). (Db) 

Staplegordon. 

1802. John Little, Meinmill. (Acw*) Pennersax. 

1832. Thomas Little, joiner in Netherknock. (Ex) 
Westerkirk. 
In chief is a sort of arch with lmb projecting 
upwards. 


—wincstoun, Wm., of Culter, brother to the Earl of Linlith- 
gow, 1607. Dundrennan. 
Quarterly, i. and iv. 3 roses (placed irregularly), 1. 
and iii. a bend between 6 billets placed bendwise, 2 
on each side touching bend and the third touching 
them. 


LORIMER. 

1714. James Lorimer in Mortounmilln. Durisdeer. 
A laurel (?) branch, in base in bar a crescent be- 
tween 2 roses. 

1729. John Lorimer, sometime in Mains of Drumlanrig, 
chamberlain to the Duke of Queensberry. 
Durisdeer. 
As last. Helm. Crrsr—A horse springing (cut off 
at haunches). Morro—‘‘ Nulla Salus Bello.”’ 

1784. James Lorimer in Robgill. Kirkpat.-Fleming. 


ny 


Same as Hltringham, q.v. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 51 


LowrHer, Wm., in Dornock, son to George in Threlket. 
Cumberland, 1728.  Dornock. 


6 annulets,.38, 2. and 1, in oval shield, above shield 
is a heart and below is a rose (?). 


Lyon, G. F., of Kirkmichael, commander R.N., 1881- 
Kirkmichael. 
A lion rampant and a bordure verdoy of roses (7); 
impaling 3 stars of 8 points and on a chief 3 roundels. 
Crest—A demi-savage gardant holding in half-ex- 
tended dexter hand a thistle, the other hand 
*akimbo,’’ flanked by 2 branches. Morro—‘‘ In te 
Domine sperayvi.”’ 


M‘Apam, James, of Waterhead, 1836. Moffat. 
3 arrows point down. Helm. Crest—A stag’s head 
erased. Morros—Above ‘‘Calm,’’ below ‘‘ Crux 


mihi grata Quies.”’ 


M‘Ccuttocu of Hills Castle. Hills Castle. 
A lion rampant and the sinister half of a bend 
sinister debruising the tail. Helm. Crest—A 


naked man (?) seated on helm facing fully with 
tongue extended, &c., and holding with extended 
arms a baton on dexter and on sinister a sword, 
point up, grasped by centre of blade; on his head a 
cap bearing in front a cross. Surrorts—2 unicorns 
seated bearing flags. 


M‘Fir, John, late of Boreland, Southwick, &c., 1866. — St. 
Mary’s, Dumfries. 


Crest—A demi-lion rampant. 


M‘Guie, John, 1887. Kirkmahoe. 
Barry and a bordure. 


M‘Inrosu, John, in Douncans, 1780. Cummertrees. 
A cat seated, in sinister chief a gloved hand bend- 
wise holding a short sword bendsinisterwise. Helm. 
Morro—‘‘ Touch not the cat but a glove.’’ 

M‘Kay, Wim., 1860. Troqueer. 


A cross, a chief, and a bordure. 


M‘ Kenzie (of Craighall), see Coulthart. 


1816. George M‘Kenzie of St. Michael’s. 
Crest—A __ stag’s___ head. Morro—‘‘ Laudet — diversa 
sequentes.”’ 


92 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


M‘Kre, Wm., smith, 1835. St. Michael’s. 
2 bars, in chief a roundel, in fess 2 roundels, in base 
a lozenge. 


M‘IKNYGHTE, see Coulthart. 


M* LEAN. 

1774. James M‘Clean in Michalswass. Wamfray. 
Quarterly, (i.) a flint stone (?), (ii.) a hand and wrist 
vested in fess from sinister holding by centre a cross 
crosslet fitchy ending in a large wedge, (iil.) a twe 
masted ship, (iv.) a fish naiant. In chief of all on a 
chief a cinquefoil between 2 lions’ heads, that or 
dexter regardant. Morro—‘ Virtu mine Honor.’ 


(A) Or 3 birds rising. (B) Quarterly of 6, G.) blank. 
(ii.) a billet (?), (iiil.) a fess, (iv.) and (vi.) a bend. 
(v.) a saltire; over all an inescutcheon blank. 
Crest—(a) A bird rising, pierced by an arrow bendwise. 
point down. (b) A bird rising, pierced by an arrow 
bendsinisterwise, point up. 
Morro—(x) ‘‘ Omnia pro bono.”’ 
1829. Lt.-Col. Archibald M‘Murdo. (Bax) St. Michael’s. 
1838. Col. Bryce Baird M‘Murdo of Mavis Grove. 


(Abx*) St. Michael’s. 


M‘Nagr, Andrew, 1857. Rerwick. 
Per saltire, the quarter in chief argent, the rest or, 
a bend over a bendsinister. 

M*Naucut, Robert, merchant, burgess in New-Galloway (say, 
1700). Lochmaben. 
A hand couped bendsinisterwise, wrist up, grasping 
a dagger bendwise, point up. 


M*‘Pserson, Thomas, painter, 1826. St. Michael’s. 
Or a cross. 
M*Quuar, Edward, 1884. St. Michael’s. 


A saltire couped square. 


Marnuison, John, in Laverockhall, 1802. Kirkconnell. 
A knight holding sword barwise on a horse gallop- 
ing, vested and collared. Helm affronté. In place 
of crest a large medallion of wife (7). 

MAXWELL. 

Vault of Maxwell of Terregles. At Terregles. 
On outside of wall (1) a stone bearing date 1588, (2) 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 53 


MaxWELt (contd.). 


a shield bearing 3 hedgehogs with letter J above 
and H A at sides below, (3) a modern stone of Crest 
a stag couched beneath a tree. Over stairs to 
vault is achievement the shield of which is as follows. 
but without tinctures :—(4) Quarterly, (i.) argent a 
spread eagle sable and an inescutcheon bearing 
argent on a saltire sable, a hedgehog, or (ii.) quar- 
terly (a and d) argent a saltire, sable, and a label 
gules, (b and c) argent 38 hedgehogs sable, (iii.) 
quarterly (a and d) gules, (b and ¢) vair, over all a 
bend or, (iv.) azure on a bend cotised 3. billets 
sable. Over the 4 grand quarters a crescent. The 
crest is as (3) above, and the motto is ‘‘ Reviresco.’’ 
On an old ornamented tomb within are 2 shields, 
viz.:—(5) A narrow saltire between a deer and 2 
oak leaves Joined at stem in chief, and 8 hedgehogs 
in base. {n centre compartments are letters R M, 
and above shield S. (6) A bendlet between 6 boars’ 
heads, 3 and 3, bendwise, snouts up. Outside shield 
are letters FE G to dexter and sinister, and D on top. 
On corbels supporting roof timbers are 12 shields of 
soft red sandstone, worn and difficult to see; there 
seems to be writing on Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 
while 5, 6, 7, 8 are the same as (4) above, and repe- 
titions of the lst quarter, the 2nd quarter, and the 
combined 38rd and 4th quarters thereof. In the 
stained-glass windows of the vault are as (4) above 
and parts thereof. 

(A) argent a saltire sable and a label gules. (B) A 
saltire and in chief a crescent. (C) An oblong stone 
in 2 compartments, one above other, bearing (i.) 
on dexter, a shield with scroll above; on sinister, a 
stag couched beneath a tree; (ii.) on dexter, a shield 
bearing a saltire between a mullet in chief and a —— 
in base; on sinister, a shield bearing a saltire between 
a mullet in chief and a roundel in base, impaling 
3 crescents. Below shields are initials 1 and L C 
or [ G. Between the two shields is a thistle, and 
round the stone and between the compartments is 
inscription. There are 3 other Maxwell shields on 
house wall. (D) A saltire and in chief a holly leaf, in 
dexter a mullet, and in base a boar’s head erased (”), 
around shield is date 1590 and initials R M RM IG. 
(EK) An eagle displayed, quartering quarterly, i. and 
iv. 3 hedgehogs, ii. and iii. a saltire and a label. 
Suprorts—A greyhound and a savage. (I) Argent 
a spread eagle proper, and on an inescutcheon argent 
a saltire sable charged with a hedgehog. Suprorrrers 


54 


MAXWELL 


Crests—(a) A stag couched. 


Morto S| x) Reviresco. 


LT SE 
1590: 


? 


Welt 
1 FOS 


1800. 


1815. 
1821. 


1850. 


NIILLER. 


1785. 


MILLIGAN, 


Minro, John, died Blackhills, 1875- 


MITCHELL, 


Morrarr, Wim., in Whittridge, 1710. 


. Walter Miller in Lindbridgefoord. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


(contd.). 
—2 stags. (G) A heart and in chief 3 mullets. (H) 
A saltire humetty and in base a leaf, outside the 
initials RM and BM. 
(b) A stag couched beneath 
a tree. (c) A stag’s head erased. (d) A bird rising. 
(e) A sta@’s head couped, above it a stag’s (?) head 
and chest affronté, the chest charged with a saltire 
humetty. i 
(vy) Viresco e Surgo. (z) 
Dominus dedit. 


R. Maxwell (at) Cowhill. (He) 


R. Maxwell. (D) lourmerkland Tower. 

(Cb) _-Hills Castle. 

Win. Maxwell of Preston, nephew of Carnsalloch. 

(Bby) Kirkbean. 

Wim. Maxwell in Dykehead. (G) — Kirkpat.- 
Ileming. 

Maxwell of Steilston. (a) Holywood. 

Alex. Herries Maxwell of Munches. — (Ebexz) 


St. Michael’s. 

Lt.-Col. George Maxwell of (Carruchan. ~(Fbx) 
Troqueer. 

Major Hamilton Maxwell, second son of Monreith. 


(dx) St. Mary’s, Dumfries. 


Kirkconnell. 
A cross potent between 4 hearts (c.f., Minto and 
Carruthers). 

Wm. Miller of Paulsland. 
A fess between 3 mullets. 
Morro—‘‘ All must die.”’ 


Dornock. 
Helm. Cresr—A star. 


Joseph, 1782. Terregles. 


A hand couped holding a twisted bar (wreath 7). 


Dornock. 
A cross potent between 4 hearts (c.f., Miller and 
Carruthers). 

Joseph, in Nethertoun of Stableton, 1763. Dornock. 
A fess between 3 mascles. 


Corrie. 


A saltire. Crest—(No wreath), a hand vested erect 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. Dd 


Morrarr (contd.). 
holding a heart erect. Morro—‘‘ Do good.”’ 
Round the whole is inscribed ‘‘ The Armorial Bear- 
ing of the Name of Moffat (?).’’ 


Monreomery, John, died Righeads, 1776. Hutton. 
3 fleur-de-lys (placed rather irregularly). 


Mortxeé, John, portioner of Morinetown, Holywood, 1799. 
Tinwald. 

(?) 3 labels in pale of 5, 4, and 3 points, in base a 
row of 6 leaves, impaled with Mundal, impalement 
by taking half of each shield. 

MOuNSEY. (window) Rockcliffe. 
(i.) Checky or and gules, on a chief of last 3 mullets 
of Ist. (i.) As above impaling gules an anchor or, 
on a chief of 2nd 3 wastels. (iii.) As above impaling 
sable a pale between 4 fleur-de-lys or. 


Murr, Sussanna, 1710. St. Michael’s. 
Impaled with Sharp of Hoddom. Quarterly, (i. and 
iv.) on a fess 3 mullets, (il. and ii.) 3 garbs. 
MUNDELL. 
1636. 
2 square stones above south gate of churchyard at 
Tinwald, both bear the initials T M <A M_= and 
date 1626, and the shield—a saltire between 3 roun- 
dels and a leaf (?). 
1799. Thomas Mundal, wright in Tinwald Miln. Tinwald. 
A saltire humetty between 3 roundels and a plume 
of leaves, impaling Morine. Impalement done by 
taking half of each field. 


1837. Robert Mundell, tobacconist. St. Michael’s. 
Amie 3 bezants. Morro—‘‘Impavidum  ferient 

Ruinae.”’ 
Munro, W. Ross, M.D., HEIG, 1816. Glencairn. 


Or an eagle’s head erased impaling Carruthers of 
Holmains. Crest—An eagle with wings expanded. 
Morro—Dread God. 
Murpocn, Rev. Alexander, 1872. St. Michael’s. 
Crest—Out of an Eastern crown an arm armed embowed 
erect holding a dagger daggerwise bendsinisterwise. 
Morro—‘“ Turris fortis mihi Deus.”’ 


Murpuigz, Alexander, baker, 1868. St. Michael’s. 
Crest—A hand erect charged on palm with heart. Morro 
—‘* Amicitia Amor et Veritas.”’ 


36 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


MURRAY. 

At Comlongan Castle over fireplace is a lion ram- 
pant; flanked on dexter by (1) a chief (?) checky 
couped and in base a mascle, impaling 3 mullets 
within a tressure, and flanked on sinister by (2) 3 
mullets within a tressure flory counter flory. Around 
hall are shields carved with (1) a saltire, (2) 3 arrows, 
point up, and others illegible. 

(A) 3 mullets, 2 and 1. (B) 3 mullets, 1 and 2. (C)} 
3 mullets and in base a hunting horn, small end to 
dexter. (D) 3 mullets within a double tressure flory. 
quartering 3 crosses patee; on top of shield an arch 
bearing 6 balls on stems. Supporters—2 animals. 
Above shield is motto (z). All foregoing within an 
irregular octagon, on top of which is crest (a), and 
below which is date 16 87. Below date is shield 
(A). (H) A mullet in chief on a bend between 2 hunt- 
ing horns, small ends to sinister. (F) A saltire 
between 2 stars of 8 points, each charged with a 
mullet in chief and in base, and 2 hunting horns, 
strings out and small ends up in dexter and sinister. 
(G) A saltire. 

Crests—(a) A stag’s head, between the horns a cross patee. 
(b) A demi-savage affronté, arms half extended hold- 
ing a sword and a key. (c) A crown. 

Morto—(x) Spero meliora. 


1687. Murray of Comlongan. (ADaz)  Ruthwell. 
? John Murray of Longtown. (C) Arthuret. 
1721. Wm. Murray in Nuetoune. (E) Canonbie. 
1744 (?). George Murray of Murraythwaite. (B)} 
Repentance. 


Impaling Forrester. 
1745. John Murray, schoolmaster. (Fc*) Canonbie. 
1750. Charles Murray, tenant in Broomholm. (G) Ewes. 
1868. Peter Murray. (b) Troqueer. 


MusGrave, Richard, 1720. Stapleton. 
6 annulets. 


NEILSON, John. Gretna. 


A hand from sinister base to centre base holding in 
pale a knife, hiltless and round-pointed, in the other 
quarters 3 hearts. (Spouse, Marshall.) 


NewaLt, Walter, of Craigend, 1863. St. Michael’s. 
Crest—A cross crosslet fitchy. 


es 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 37 


NICHOLSON. 
172--. John Nickalson (Carrudders spouse). Daiton. 
3 fleur-de-lys, 1 and 2. 
1765. Isaac Nicholson, flaxdresser of Brampton. Bramp- 
ton. 
A fess and on a chief 3 roses. 


NIXON. 
(A) A chevron. (B) A chevron (touching top) be- 
tween 2 lozenges and a heart, point up. 
Crest—(a) A cherub with long wings (on a small pyramid). 
Morro—(x) ‘‘ Haud dulces labentia Ventos.”’ 


1719. James Nixson of Croft. (A) Bewcastle. 
1723. Wm. Nixson of Slaks. (B) Bewcastle. 
1744. James Nixon of Nobelstown. (ax) Bewcastle. 
Noste, James, late of Holmhead, 1768. Stapleton. 
On a fess between 2 lions passant 3 annulets, and a 

bordure. Helm. Crest—A greyhound (?) saliant 


couped at thigh, transfixed by arrow (the forelegs 
and feather-end of arrow broken off). 
PaGAN. 

1848. Joseph Pagan, innkeeper, Maxwelltown, and a 

magistrate. Terregles. 
Crest—A hand with cuff to sinister holding guardless knife 
erect. Morro—‘‘ Nemo timeo nec sperno.’’ 

1878. John Pagan, merchant, Lockerbie. Lockerbie 

A cross and a bordure. 


PALMER. 
rg Pallmer of Wallhead. Crosby-on-Eden. 
A bend sinister between a mullet and an escallop. 
1761. John Palmer of Scaleby Hill. Scaleby. 


A chevron between 3 bells (?). 


PaRKE, Wm., in Westgillsyke, 1746. Kirkpatrick-Fleming. 
2 many-petalled flowers slipped in bar. 
PARKER. 
1759. Parker. Brampton. 
A stag’s head caboshed between 2 flasques. 
F771 (?). Parker, butcher. Brampton. 
A stag’s head caboshed between 2 flasques. 
1820. Robert Parker, dyer, Brampton. Brampton. 
As Burrough, q.v. 


58 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


PaStey, James, of Craig, 1773- Westerkirk. 
On a chevron between 3 cinquefoils 3. thistles. 
Crest—An arm armed embowed erect holding 
dagger daggerwise. Morro—‘ Be Sure.”’ 


PATRICKSON, of Low Crosby, 1846. Crosby-on-Eden. 
A fess between 3 greyhounds courant. Crest—A 


doe (head gone) courant regardant. Morro— 
“Mente et Manu.”’ 
PATERSON. 

(A) 3 pelicans in their piety. (B) 3 pelicans in their 
piety, 1 and 2. (C) A chevron between 3 pelicans 
in their piety, their heads to sinister and nests of 
straight lines (a bordure). 

Crest—(a) A hand erect grasping a javelin transverse. 

Morro—(x) ‘‘ Aliis in serviend consumo.”’ 


1759. John Paterson in Dalton. (B) Dalton. 

1771. Wm. Paterson in Ecclefechan, mason. (A*) 
Hoddom. 2 

1775. Francis Paterson, mason. (ax*) Applegarth. 
(Underground). 

1775. John Paterson in Crowbank. (C%) Corrie. 


1776. Benjamin Paterson in Crowbank. (C*) Corrie. 
1777. Francis Patterson of Dormontflosh. (B) Dalton. 
1785. James Patterson in Dormontflosh. (B) Dalton. 
Pelicans sable. 
PAXTON. 
(A) 2 chevronels above 3 mullets in pale. 
Crest—(a) A hand transverse holding curved dagger, point 


up. 

1734. Wm. Paxton, merchant in Lockerbie. (A) 
Applegirth. 

1755- Wm. Paxton, jun., merchant in Lockerbie. (Aa*) 
Applegirth. 

PEaRs. 
(A) A chevron between 3 pears. (B) 3 pears stalks 
down, 2 and 1, and 3 crosses pommée with plain lower 
limbs, 1 and 2. (C) A cross patee with narrow mem- 
bers, and on a pile from base to nombril point a 
mullet of 4 points. 
? Pears. (A*) - Farlam. 
1747 Pears. (C%) Walton. 
1747. Pears. (B) Brampton. 


- ——_ 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 59 
Perrott, John, of Blitterlees, 1800. Holme Cultram. 


Ermine on a bend gules 2 naked forearms issuing: 
from vestments grasping a horseshoe, points down, in 
centre. Crest—A hand transverse holding a curved 
sword. Morro—‘‘ Praebere strenuum Hominem.”’ 


Perriz, Rev. Robert, minister of Parish, 1764. Canonbie. 
A bend between a stag’s head couped in chief and 
3 cross crosslets fitechy in base bendwise, and on a 
bordure 3 roses (?) in chief. A helmet. Crrst—A 
bird saliant (7), feet in air, and in front of its 
beak a sun. 
PHILLIPS. 
1733 (?). David Phlip (?) in Yets. Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
A chevron touching top between 2 mullets and a 
heart. 
1746. Thomas Phillips. Irthington. 
A chevron between 3 boars’ heads erased. 
1800. Thomas Phillips, late of Crosby-on-Eden, and for- 
merly of the Middle Temple. Stapleton. 
A lion rampant. Crest—A lion rampant. 


Poot, James, of Blacketlees (?), 1836 (?). Old Annan. 
Azure a fess or between 3 leopards’ faces. Crest 
—A leopard face. Morro illegible. 


Porrer, John, farmer, Roucan, 1666. Torthorwald. 
Crest—A horse couched, tail circled round, point in air. 


Potts, James, of Hollens, 1742. Canonbie. 
3 holly leaves and a bordure. 

ProupFoot, Thomas, late of Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 
1872. Kirkpatrick-Juxta. 

Crest—An arm armed embowed erect holding arrow point 
down and to dexter. Morro—‘‘ Audaces Fortuna 
juvat.”’ 

Rae, 

(A) 3 deer springing. (B) 3 deer at speed in sinister 
chief, dexter centre, and sinister base. (C) 3 deer 
trippant to sinister. (D) A chevron between 3 does, 
the 2 in chief springing. (E) On dexter a doe (?), 
back parallel to and next to dexter edge, on sinister 
a figure four with ends crossed. 

1698 (?). John Rae, merchant in Bus. (E) Mouswald. 


1716. Wm. Rae. (C) Luce. 


60 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


Rae (contd.). 


1730. George Rae in Hayford. (A)  Kirkpat.-Fleming. 
1775. Thomas Rae. (D) Tundergarth. 
1785. Mathew Rae, merchant in Ecclefechan. (B) 
Hoddom. 
REID 


1824. Sir Thomas Reid of Greystone Park, chairman 
Boke Con mse.) Michaels. 
Per saltire or and ermine, an eagle displayed, and on 
an inescutcheon sable 3 leopards’ masks, in bar be- 
tween 2 pair of bars gemelle. Helm. Crest—2 
spears in saltire in front of a tower. Morro— 
“¢ Firm.”’ 
1900. J. C. Corsane Reid of Mouswald Place. Mouswald. 
Crest—A hand erect holding an open book. Morro—‘‘ Pro 
Virtute.”’ 


RICHARDSON. 


1721. John Richardson in Barch. Gretna. 
3 roundels. 

1747. Joseph Richardson of Holmfoot. Lanercost. 
3 annulets. Helm. 

1754. Wm. Richardson of Holmfoot. Lanercost. 


3 annulets. Helm. 
1782. Wm. Richardson of Dentonhall. Nether Denton. 


An escutcheon bearing on a wreath a mural crown 
and issuing therefrom a cock’s head bearing another 


wreath, from which issues the top of a fleur-de- 
lys (?). 


RIDDELL, J. R., late of Kinharvey, 1849. Newabbey. 


Quarterly of 6, G.) argent a chevron gules between 3 
fleur-de-lys, (ii.) vert on a chevron argent 3 fleur-de- 
lys, Gui.) a bend invecked and on a chief azure 3 
gouttes, (iv.) sable a lion passant gardant, (v.) a 
dragon’s head erased, (vi.) argent on a fess azure 
between 5 and 3 mullets a lion passant gardant. 


Crest—Out of a crown a demi-greyhound erect. 
Morto—‘‘ Duw dy ras.’’ 


Ripiey, John, blacksmith in Batinbush, 1731. 
on-Esk. 
3 horseshoes, points down. Helm. Crest—A cubit 


left arm vested bendwise holding a claw hammer, 
face up and to dexter. 


Kirkandrews- 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 61 


Rosinson, John, M.D., M.R.C.S., of Carlisle Dispensary, 
1851. Wetheral. 
Crest-—A stag. 
Rosson. 


(A) 3 boars’ heads couped. (B) 3 boars’ heads 
couped to sinister. 

Crests—(a) A boar’s head couped. (b) A boar’s head 
couped to sinister. 


1732. Richard Robson of Pealahill. (A) Bewcastle. 

BZS 1. Robson of the Side. (Aa*) Lanercost. 
1752. John Robson of the Side. (Bb*) Lanercost. 
Elizabeth Robson. (Aa(helm)*) Lanercost. 

Four more Robsons. (Aa* ?) Lanercost. 

Ropick, Thomas, of Flosh, 1782. Kirkpat.-Fleming. 

3 sexfoils. 
RoME, James, in Liverpool, 1772. Kirkpat.-Fleming. 


On a fess gules fimbriated 5 figures like I’s, and in 
dexter chief a lion. 


Ross, of Renfrew, v. Coulthart. 


ROUTLEDGE. 
(A) 3 mullets in chief and in base a trefoil figure; a 
bordure (?). (B) A chevron between a garb and a 
branch in chief and a mullet in base. (C) A chevron 
between a garb and a branch in chief, and above them 
a sword, hilt to dexter, and in base a rose. (D) As 
(C), but in base a voided heart. (I) As (C), but in 
base an escallop. (F) As (C), but in base an oak leaf. 
(G) As (C), but sword in dexter chief, point to dexter, 
and in base a fleur-de-lys. (H) A chevron humetty 
between a garb and branch, and above them a sword, 
point to dexter in chief, and a cinquefoil in base, 
the whole between 2 branches erect. (J) A chevron 
in base, above it a garb and bush (?) between 2 
feathers (7) all erect, and above them a sword, point 
to dexter, in base a cinquefoil. (K) 3 towers triple 
towered. 
Crests—(a) A sword, point to dexter. (b) A sword, hilt to 
dexter. 
172--. Thomas Routledge of Smithsteads. (A) Stapleton. 
2? (Against hedge.) (Ba) Stapleton. 
1728. Adam Routledge of Kilstown. (C) Bewcastle. 


aber ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


ROUTLEDGE (contd.). 
1729. Thomas Routledge of Kirkbeckstown. (D) Bew- 
castle. 
1747. Thomas Routledge of Kirkbeckstown, masson. 
(CK) Bewcastle. 
1751. Robert Routledge of Grahamsonset. (IF) Bew- 


castle. 
1754. Thomas Routledge of Flatt. (EF) Bewcastle. 
1757. Adam Routledge of Hilend. (G) Bewcastle. 
1761. Archibald Routledge of Park. (Bb) Bewcastle. 
1809. Robert Routledge of Greenholme. (J) Bewcastle. 
2) |) (byane en faces), )\ (a) Bewcastle. 
SCAIFE 


(A) A chevron between 3 does’ heads couped. (B) A 

chevron and in chief 2 does’ heads erased (defaced). 
Crest—(a) An arm armed embowed erect holding valilense 

blade up and to dexter. 
Morro—(x) ‘‘ Medio tutissimus ibis. 


be) 


1767. Scaife of Walton Rigg. (Aa*) Walton. 
1776. Scaife of Walton Rigg. (B) Walton. 
Scori 


(A) 2 crescents reversed in chief and a mullet in 
base. (B) On a bend a mullet between 2 crescents. 
(C) On a bend a mullet between 2 decrescents. (D) 
On a bend a spur rowel between 2 crescents re- 
versed. (KE) On a bend a spur rowel of 4 points 


between 2 decrescents and a bordure. (F) On a 
bend a star between 2 crescents, and a tressure flory 
outwardly. 


Crests—(a) A crescent. (b) On a crown 6 arrows, 3 and 3, 
in saltire, no heads, feathers up. (c) On a mural (2) 
crown, 6 spears forming 3 saltires. 

Mortos—(x) Crescendo prosim. (y) Ready ay ready. (z) 
Redaye ay redaye. 


1720. James Scott in Borland. (A) Hutton. 
1747. David Scott in Castlehill. (Fey*) Durisdeer. 
1760. John Scott of Crookburn. (C) Bewcastle. 
1769. Impaled with Jardine in Lockerby. (Dbz) 


Applegirth. 
1784. John Scott in Banksidegate. (Eax*) St. Mungo. 
1790. David Scott, tenant in Blackhall. (B) Westerkirk. 


, 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 63 


Scott (contd.). 


1800. John Scott, died Persondyke. (A) Hutton. 
* 1886. George Scott (see Armstrong). Canonbie. 
SHARP. 


(A) On a fess 3 mullets between 2 cross crosslets 
fitchy in chief, and a hand bendwise holding dagger 
erect and impaling Muir. (B) As (A), but in base a 
cubit arm instead of hand. 


1710. John Sharp of Hoddom. (A) St. Michael’s. 
1732. Alexander Sharp. (B) Applegirth. 


SHaw, Capt. Alexander M'K., late of Muirton, Ross, 1852. 
Borgue. 


3 covered cups. Morro—‘‘T mean well.’’ 


SHorTT, Francis, 1839. St. Michael’s. 
A cross. Crest—A griffin’s head and wings ele- 
vated, each wing charged with 3 roundels. Morro 
—‘* Deo juvante.”’ 


Srsson, Thomas, of Grinsdale (c.f. Simpson), 1713. Grins- 
dale. 


A fess indented and in chief 3 decrescents impaling 
a chevron between 3 does’ heads. A helm. 


SIMMERAL, Wm., 1721. Arthuret. 
A chevron. 


Simpson (c.f. Sibson). 
(A) Per fess 3 crescents in chief. (B) On a chief 3 
crescents. (C) Argent on a chief azure 3 incres- 
cents. 
Crests—(a) A bird rising. 
Morro—(x) Alis nutrior. 


1767. George Simpson of Scaleby. (A*) Scaleby. 

1767. John Simpson of Lonning Head. (Bax) Seberg- 
ham. 

1890. Jane Simpson. (C) Bowness-on-Solway. 


Impaled with Irving. 


Siack, Luke, of Fawcetlees, 1738. Stapleton. 
On a bend 2 rows of billets. 


Smart, Alexander, gardener at Kellhead, 1755. Cummertrees. 
Crest—A hawk’s head erased, above are 2 cornets in saltire. 


64 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


SMITH. 
(A) In chief a royal crown and in base a cubit arm 
issuing from sinister holding a hammer erect in 
centre. (B) On a chevron between 3 roundels as 
many crosses erect. (C) 3 unicorns’ heads couped, 
1 and 2, the lower ones facing each other, and in 
base a crescent. (D) A chevron between 2 crescents 
in chief and 3 unicorn heads in base. 
Crest—(a) An arm armed embowed erect holding sword 
transversely. 
Morto—(y) ‘‘ Finis coronat Opeis.”’ (z) “‘ Carraid ann am 
Fheum.”’ 
1749. John Smith in Sorrysike. (Ay) St. Mungo. 
1762. Nicholas Smith of Thirlwall. (B) Lanercost. 
? Edward Smith, freeman of London. (B) Laner- 


cost. 
1784. John Smith, Barkcleasehead. (C*) Corrie. 
1811. Wm. Smith, Barrclosehead. (D) —Kirkconnell. 
1846. Wm. Smith, perfumer. (az) St. Michael’s. 


SPROAT. Farlam. 
A lion rampant. A helm. 


STEEL—George Steal in Closcis, 174--. Canonbie. 
(No shield.) A hand holding a short curved sword 
erect, above and to dexter part of a helmet. 

STEWART. 

(A) Quarterly, 1. and iv. a fess checky, 1. and i. a 
lymphad. (B) Within a double tressure counter- 
flory on a field or a fess checky debruised by a bend 
engrailed gules, in sinister chief a rose. (C) A sal- 
tire engrailed and entrailed showing or between 4 
sexfoils, a chief checky. 

Crest—(a) A pelican in her piety. 

Morto—(x) ‘‘ Je tache.’’ 


1826. Margaret Stewart. (A) Holywood. 
Impaled with Johnston. 
? (On Shambelly vault.) (Bax) Newabbey. 


1844. Wm. Stewart of Shambelly. (Cax) Newabbey. 


STORY. 
(A) Quarterly of 6 (i., ili., and v.) a swan (?) to 
sinister, (ii. and iv.) vair, (vi.) a bend. (B) as (A), 
but ii.) is a cross flory, the upright so wide as to 
occupy half field. (C) 8 swans (?). (D) A crescent 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 65 


Story (contd.). 
between 2 mullets and a cornet (mouth to dexter. 
1697, to sinister 1711). 
Crest—(a) A heart. 


1674. Thomas Story of Justicetown. (A) Arthuret. 
1697. Francis Story of Lake, schoolmaster. (Da): 
Kirklinton. 


1711. George Story of Longtho (?).. (Da) — Kirklinton. 


1742. Richard Story. (C*) Kirklinton.. 
1767. David Story of Know. (B) Arthuret.. 
STOTHART. 


175--- Thomas Stothart in Linbridgefoord. Wauchope. 
A saltire. Crest (?)—A star of 8 points. 


1817. T. C. Stothert of Blaiket. St. Michael’s.. 
Quarterly, (i. and iv.) 3 stars, (ii. and iii.) 3 cocks. 
Crest—Above a cloud a. star. Morro—‘‘ Post 


Nubes Lux.”’ 


STOTT. 
1822. Watson Stott of Kelton, Kirkcudbright. St. 
Michael’s. ; 
Sable on 3 pales or 3 roundels, and on a chief a 
heart. Crest—A martlet. Morro— Alta petit.’ 
1828. Ebenezer Stott of Castle Dykes. St. Michael’s. 
The same with crescent for difference. 


Swanson, Captain Francis, died Albany Place, 1858. St. 
Mary’s, Dumfries. 
Crest—A head. Morro—‘‘ Gesta Verbis pervenient.’” 


SWINBuRN, Joseph, of the Kilewood, 1762. Brampton. 
On a fess fimbriated a boar passant. A helm. 


TaTeE, David, of Clarkstown, 1756. Kirkandrews-on-Esk. 
A chevronel between 3 boars’ heads erased and a 
bordure (?). Helm. Crest—A hand erect holding 
a javelin, point to sinister. 


TEASDALE. 
(A) 3 piles from chief meeting on mid base point 
surmounting a fess, and in dexter chief a small in- 
escutcheon (no inescutcheon, 1788). 
1753. George Teasdale of Mumpshall. (A*) Upper 
Denton. 


66 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


TEASDALE (contd.). 
1777. Margaret Teasdale of Mumpshall. (A*) Upper 
Denton. 
1779. Bridget Teasdale of Mumpshall. (A*) Upper 


Denton. 
1788. John Teasdale of Mumpshall. (A*) Upper 
Denton. 
TELFORD, George, 1827. Kirkbankhead. 


3 church bells (?). 


TuHomson, Richard, of Crowdyknow, 1790. Canonbie. 
A fess charged with a sort of fess dancette and 3 
stars. In chief a rectangle containing a sun. 


Top, Thomas, 1751. Middlebie. 


A chevron between 3 does’ heads erased. Helm. 


TRACEY, Rt. Hon. James. St. Michael’s. 
Accollé with Wootton. On a bordure 8 mullets, on 
a canton a lion rampant, in base an annulet. 


Trotter, John Pitcairn, advocate, 1867. St. Michael’s. 
On a chief 3 mullets, a crescent in base. CREsT—A 
horse trippant. Morro—‘ Festina lente.” 

TURNBULL. 

(A) A bull’s head caboshed. (B) 3 bulls’ heads 
erased within a bordure invecked (plain on chief). 
Crests—(a) A bull’s head erased. (b) A bull’s head couped. 
Morro—(x) ‘‘ Audaci favet Fortuna.”’ 
1740. Walter Turnbul in Watshill. (A) Gretna. 
1792. John Turnbull in Longlands. (Bax*) Dornock. 
1810. Andrew Turnbull, died Savannah, Georgia.  (b) 
Annan. 


TURNER, Thomas, of Breahead, 1766. Kirkandrews-on-Esk. 


A chevron engrailed between a crescent reversed 
and a star of 4 points and a bordure (?). 


TWEDALE, John, of Whitehill, 1753. Lanercost. 
3 trefoils slipped. A helm. 
WALKER. 
WA giele Walker of Boathby. Walton. 


On a fess 3 roundels and in chief 3 mullets. 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 67 


WALKER (contd.). 
1803. John Walker of Pott Hall, Potishrigley, Chester. 
St. Michael’s. 


Quarterly cr and sable a cross argent. Helm. 
Crest—A leopard (?) couchant. Morro—‘‘ Sans 
varies.’’ 

Wattace, Thomas, skinner, 1866. St. Michael's. 


A roundel. 


Warp, William, 1886. Canonbie. 
A chevron between 3 fleur-de-lys. 
WarRWICK. 
(A) 3 lions rampant. 
Crests— ‘a) A hand holding an axe, blade to dexter and 


down. (b) An arm armed embowed, holding an axe 
blade to sinister and up. 


1763. James Warwick of Clarkshill. (Aa*) Lanercost. 
1768. Thomas Warwick of Holmgate. (Aa*) Warwick. 
1776. George Warwick of Irthington. (Ab*) Irthington. 
1780. Thomas Warwick of Holmgate. (Aa*) Warwick. 
1783. Joseph Warwick of Holmgate. (Aa*) Warwick. 


Watson—John Whotson in Wintersheugh, 1768. Ewes. 
A stag and on a chief 3 fleur-de-lys, a line barwise 
across base. Helm. 

WEILD or WELL. 


(A) On a truncated pyramid a bird pecking. 
Morro—(x) ‘‘ Vive ut vivas.’’ 


1719. James Well in Brouhouses. (Ax) Dornock. 
1743. John Weild in Woodhall. (Ax) Gretna. 
1773. James Well in Stableton. (Ax) Dornock. 


(On Gass stone.) 

1795. Edward Weild, joiner in Ecclefechan. (Ax) 

Dornock. 
WHITE. 

1708. John White, 
3 roses in fess between 3 boars’ heads erased, the 
one in chief being to sinister and the 2 in base 
turned outward. 

1768. Sarah White. Gretna. 
(On Johnston stone.) A chevron and in base a heart 
point up. 


kbank. Kirkandrews-on-Esk. 


68 ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


WIGHTMAN. 
1777. James Wightman in Hoddomtown. Hoddom. 
Crest—A hand holding a scimitar transversely. 
1783. John Wightman in Campingholm. Kirkbankhead. 
Crest—Above a helm, no wreath, a transverse arm em- 
bowed holding a scimitar bendsinisterwise. Morto 
—‘* Hold it fast.’’ Below crest and above motto is 
a tree with human figure on each side. 


WILLIAMSON. : 
TPG Williamson of Castle Robert. St. Michael’s. 
(On Johnston tomb.) A chevron invecked between 
3 trefoils slipped. 


? (Illegible.) Brampton. 
2 stags’ heads erased in dexter base and sinister 
middle. 
1765. Thomas Williamson of Bankhead. Bewcastle. 
A bend. 
WILSON. 


(A) A lion rampant, and on dexter a sword erect. 

(B) 3 heads couped. (C) A chevron between 3 

roses and in chief a dog (?). (D) A bend sinister. 
Crests—(a) Out of a crescent a piece of a helmet (?). 


1653. John Wilson. (A) Ruthwell. 
(Accollée with Young.) 

1693. Gorg Wilson in Moot. (Ba) Arthuret. 

1756. John Wilson of Demainholm. (C) Bewcastle. 

1877. James Wilson. (D) Kirkmahoe. 

WILTSHIRE, Edward, rector, 1717. Kirkandrews-on-Esk. 


A chevron and in chief 6 crosses patee, 4 and 2. 


Winter-Irvinc, Wm. Irving, of Victoria, 1902. Kirtlebridge. 
Checky or and sable on a fess argent a saltire gules, 
and on each of two flasques of the last 2 trefoils 
argent. Quartered with Irving and with Irving 
crest and motto. 


WintHRop—Thomas Wentrop of Longtown, 1721. Arthuret. 
A chevron. 


Woortron, Dr H. A., youngest son of Sir W. Wootton, 
London, 1871. St. Michael’s. 
A cross patée fitchy in the foot ; accollée with Tracey- 


Helm. Crest—A man’s head with mebranous wings 
for ears. Motrro—‘‘ Vaillant et fidele.’’ 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 59 


WRIGHT. 

1830. David Wright, Hitae. Lochmaben. 
A saltire between a bull’s head caboshed in chief and 
an ancient ship in base. Morro—‘‘ Virtute acquir- 
itur Honos.’’ 

1842. Robert Wright, miller. Troqueer. 
A bend. 

1884. John Wright, merchant and bailie. St. Michael’s. 


Crest—A hand holding a battleaxe bendsinisterwise. Morro 


YOUNG. 


—‘ Tam Arte quam Marte.”’ 


(A) A chief pily. (B) Similar, but made to form a 
bordure with 2 teeth in chief. (C) 3 piles - - - (partly 
underground). (D) Argent 3 piles checky and on a 
chief checky 3 annulets or. (E) On a chief pily 3 
annulets. 


Crest—(a) A demi-lion rampant holding dagger, point up 


and to sinister. 


Mortrro—(x) ‘‘ Robori Prudentia praestat.”’ 


1653. Christian Young. (A) Ruthwell. 
(Accollée with Wilson.) 

1665. Margrat Young, spouse to Carlel of Limkills. (B) 
Ruthwell. 

TARTS. Young of July Hill. (E) St. Michael’s. 
(On Johnston tomb.) 

1780. John Young in Todholes. (C) Dornock. 

1804. Young of Youngfield. (Dax) Holywood. 


Arms, &c., without identification of themselves include :— 


A cross potent: a blank stone between 2 Miller 
stones. Dornock. 


A galley with a cross crosslet fitchy erect upon stern, 
and to dexter and above a transverse cubit arm 
holding sword bendwise. There are traces of white 
paint on background above bulwarks and of yellow 
paint on ground round hand and dagger, also of red 
paint on foliage outside to dexter and low. 
Kirkconnell 


On a fess to sinister a lion’s head erased, in dexter 
base a leg (2) couped above knee; rest illegible. 
Stone is to James G——nie in Warmanby, 1760. 


Old Annan. 


- 


( 


0) 


ARMORIAL BEARINGS. 


Arms (contd.). 


On a bend between 2 roses of 6 petals a fleur-de-lys 
between 2 escallops. A broken stone. 
Irthington. 


In pavement of porch an abbot’s stone bearing 2 
shields—(1) a cross cercelée ; (2) a lion rampant. 
Holme Cultram. 


On a chevron between 3 does’ heads couped a stag’s. 
head between 2 Stone to Thomas ey 
in Lantonsid, 1671. Caerlaverock. 


A very ancient stone bearing inter alia a sword, a 
dagger, and a graip without a handle. Luce. 
An old stone bearing a Patriarchal cross, a spade (?) 
without handle, a scabbard (?). Pennersax. 


An old stone bearing a long ornamented cross and 
in sinister base a sword erect, over which is a shield 
bearing a saltire, and on a chief 3 Along shaft 
of cross is writing :—QVI:BIb ALDISTVMCFIL, etc. 
Torthorwald. 


Old font bearing a saltire and on a chief 3 mullets 
(worn). Friars’ Carse. 


Old font (smaller) bearing a saltire and on a chief 
3 cushions. Pirtans Canses 


A loose stone bearing quarterly (i.) a heart and on 
a chief 3 mullets, (i1.) a lion rampant, (iii.) 3 mul- 
lets, (iv.) a saltire and a chief. Friars’ Carse. 


A loose stone bearing a greyhound (?) extended 
having over shoulder a shield bearing a chevron 
between 3 leaves slipped and with buds (?). Below 
is date 1789. Friars’ Carse. 


A loose stone bears 2 shields accollée (A) a chevron 

gules between 3 ears of rye (?). (B) a chevron gules 

between 3 cross crosslets fitchy. Date, 1788. 
Friars’ Carse. 


A flat stone almost illegible, date 1687, bears a shield 
(a fess), a helm, a scroll (below), and as Crest a 
globe with 3 comma marks. Old Morton. 


PRIMITIVE Man. 71 


28th November, 1913. 
Chairman—Mr S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., V.-P. 


Primitive Man. 


yeah. ScoTr ELLior, F.R.G.S., F.L.S: 


In all probability the first of the Primates to which man, 
monkeys, and lemurs belong was an inhabitant of North 
America. But even in the eocene period, lemurs were living 
in Europe and in Egypt, and during the miocene and pliocene 
Southern Europe and the Siwalik Hills of Northern India 
possessed some seven or eight species of anthropoid apes. 
They inhabited a rich, luxuriant forest in a warm, temperate, 
or semi-tropical climate. 

To-day lemurs and anthropoid apes are only found in 
the tropical jungles of Africa and Asia. The Pygmy races 
of man also occur almost without an exception in the same 
tropical forests, both in Africa, south of the Sahara, and in 
Southern India, Malacca, or the great islands of the Indo- 
Malayan Ocean. 

This distribution is extremely interesting, and at first 
sight extremely difficult to understand. But a_ simple 
hypothesis explains most of the difficulties. Let us suppose 
that an animal allied to, but distinct from, any known pliocene 
ape, lived somewhere between the present homes of lemur, 
anthropoid ape, and pygmy and their habitats in the pliocene 
period. Between India and the Eastern shore of the Medi- 
terranean there are to-day the deserts of Mesopotamia and 
Syria. But there is evidence of a very wet period in this 
district at about the time we require (the end of the pliocene). 
So our supposed human precursor may have lived in a warm 
forest-covered country somewhere in or near Mesopotamia. 

If the climate changed, forcing lemurs and anthropoids 
to emigrate, then some of them would proceed South-West 
to Africa, others South-East to Indomalaya, and their dis- 
tribution would be as it is to-day. They have never left the 
forest, only changing from a semi-tropical to a_ tropical 
jungle. But if the precursor of man was forced, possibly in 


72 PRIMITIVE MAN. 


-consequence of the disappearance of forests, to take to the 
ground, and if he became human at this period, then the 
earliest groups of mankind would follow in the same direc- 
tions. Natural science cannot obviously explain this change. 
It may be said, I think, that it was not a necessary process 
-of development ; nor was it the inevitable result of a particular 
environment. The change from brute to man was a mental 
.and psychological revolution which lies for the most part out- 
_side the province of science. We are not wrong surely in try- 
ing to understand how and when it happened, but a very little 
reflection will show that the essential mystery of it is beyond 
human comprehension. When our human precursor crossed 
the limit of humanity, the earliest pygmies would travel, some 
towards the Andamans and New Guinea, others to the Congo 
.and farther south. 

As Europeans, we are most interested. in those earliest 
human beings who came North-West. The first certain 
-signs of man in Europe are in the various interglacial periods. 


oe 


We always find him at first in company with a “* corpulent ” 
fauna of elephants, rhinoceros, and hippopotami. All of 
these, like the anthropoid apes, lived in the warm forests of - 
the pliocene. These animals seem to have invaded Europe 
‘from the south, crossing by a bridge of land which then 
cunited Tunis, Sicily, and Italy, or perhaps by Gibraltar. 
Man seems to have accompanied them, and on our hypothesis 
would have travelled by the southern shore of the Mediter- 
‘ranean through Egypt to Tunis or Gibraltar. 

Of all these earliest traces of mankind, the human skull 
‘found at Piltdown and the lower jaw at Mauer, near Heidel- 
berg, are certainly the most primitive, that is the most ape- 
like and the least human. The tools found at Piltdown in 
Sussex, and those discovered at Soria in Spain, are perhaps 
“the most archaic and rudest examples of human workman- 
ship (excepting eoliths). But the animals whose bones have 
‘been found in the gravel-beds at Piltdown throw a certain 
amount of light on the age of that deposit. They are, some 
‘of them, pliocene, others pleistocene, but a few are still living 
-as wild species in Europe. 

If one compares the lists of these animals from Piltdown, 


a 


PRIMITIVE Man. 73 


from Mauer near Heidelberg, from Soria in Spain, from the 
Nerbudda valley in India, and from the Pithecanthropus beds 
in Java, it seems (at least to me) that there is a quite extra- 
ordinary resemblance. 

The pliocene survivals are not always the same, but there 
is in each of these faunas the same jumble of apparently 
incompatible animals. Also in each of these deposits two at 
least of the three animals most characteristic of the Gunz- 
Mindel interglacial epoch occur. So, to my mind, the Pilt- 
down skull, the Heidelberg jaw, and the instruments of Soria 
are probably the remains of the very first human invasion of 
Europe in the Gunz-Mindel interglacial. That hypothesis at 
any rate explains the facts. 

In the next interglacial (Mindel-Riss) remains of man- 
kind become numerous. To this age is usually ascribed the 
Chellean tools which have been discovered in most parts of 
the world. No skull of Chellean man has yet been found. 
It is, however, probable that the Chelleans lived through the 
next or Rissian ice age, and became the men of Neanderthal 
of the succeeding Riss-Wiirm interglacial, for there seems to 
be a sort of continuity in the various stages of workmanship 
from Chellean through Aucheulean, to Moustierian, and with 
the last industry the remains of Neanderthal man are asso- 
ciated. If so, we may perhaps suppose that the first Nean- 
derthalers, in a Chellean stage of civilisation, entered Europe 
with the usual elephants and other thick-skinned animals dur- 
ing the Mindel-Riss interglacial. It may have been that 
another group of this early type wandered into Australia at 
about the same period. 

The Neanderthaler type, with its heavy jaw, thick skull, 
bony projections over the eyes, huge teeth, and less developed 
brain surface is now quite well known. 

The Riverdrift man may have been a Neanderthaler. 
Amongst other well-known fossils of this race are the men of 
St. Brelade, in Jersey, the skulls of Spy, La Chapelle, La 
Ferrassie, La Quina, Hauser’s Moustieriensis, and the jaw 
of La Naulette. 

But although Neanderthalensis vanished as a_sepa- 
rate race before the Wiirm Ice Age, he has left descendants 


74 PRIMITIVE MAN. 


in Europe. M. Stolyhwo discovered several skulls with dis- 
tinct Neanderthal features in Russia. The skull of Brunn, 
to which many specimens of later date seem to be allied, is 
also apparently that of a man of this ancient stock. De 
Quatrefages, even, thought he distinguished traces of him in 
Robert the Bruce. This strenuous savage, after he had sur- 
vived the Riss Ice Age, had to endure competition with 
‘several formidable rivals. 

During the Riss-Wirm interglacial there seem to have 
been two African and one Asiatic invasion of Europe. By 
far the most important of these newcomers were the people 
who were to become the race of Cromagnon. They are 
represented in England by the ‘‘ Red Lady ’’ of Paviland 
Cave, and perhaps by the Galley Hill, Bury St. Edmunds, 
and Tilbury skulls. So far as I have followed the evidence, 
all these skulls belonged probably to a local variety of the 
Cromagnon race. On the Continent many skeletons belong- 
ing to this group have been discovered, especially at Mentone, 
in the Riviera, in Dordogne, and elsewhere. They were a-. 
fine, virile, muscular people, often six feet in height, with- 
st ong chins and large, well-shaped skulls of good capacity. 
Their astonishing proficiency in drawing, engraving, and 
painting shows unusual artistic ability. Moreover, from some 
burials of this age, the reasonable inference is that they 
believed in a future life and were capable of affection and hero- 
worship. How else can one explain the numerous flint tools, 
representing priceless wealth, the marrow bones, and careful 
arrangement of the body in some of their burials? They were 
also fond of personal ornament, which means that they were 
not morose, lonely savages. 

Besides the Cromagnon race, the ‘‘ negroids *’ of 
‘Grimaldi show that a quite different people had reached the 
Riviera in the Riss-Wiirm interglacial. There is a strong 
similarity in their interments to those of the Cromagnon 
people. It may be that they accompanied the latter, perhaps 
as slaves, or as gamekeepers, or possibly as wizards. That 
they did so is shown by the fact that traces of the Negroid 
Grimaldi strain have been found in several skulls of much 
ater date, perhaps even in people still living. 


PRIMITIVE MAN. 73 


The men of Solutré seem to have entered Europe from 
the east at about the same date, or a little later. No skulls 
k ve been found, to my knowledge, associated with the 
beautiful laurel leaf flints of Solutré, but there seems to be a 
probability that they were the men of Furfooz or Grenelle. 
A“ the other races (Neanderthaler, Cromagnon, and Negroid) 
are dolichocephalic, but these men of Furfooz were brachy- 
cephalic and perhaps the first Asiatic immigrants by way of 
the Danube and Odessa. 

During the gradual improvement of climate . which 
followed on the passing away of the Wirm Ice Age there 
were great changes. In the first place the race of Croma- 
gnon altered their culture. When they arrived in Europe 
they were in the Aurignacian stage, but after the Wiirm they 
advanced to the Magdalenian. With the disappearance of 
the reindeer and steppe horse, they seem to have entered on 
the Azilian stage of industry. By this time also the race of 
Cromagnon seems to have absorbed all that was left of the 
Neanderthaler, Solutréan, and Grimaldi-Negroid. This, of 
course, is merely an hypothesis. The interval of time between 
Aurignacian and Azilian is enormous, but vet there is a clear 
continuity between Aurignacian and Magdelenian, and a con- 
tinuity also, but not so distinct, between Magdalenian and 
Azilian. 

In England there are examples of Aurignacian, Magda- 
lenian, and Azilian culture. An engraving of a goat or kid 
with one forefoot lifted up has been recently found by Mr 
Lewis Abbott, and is a good example of Magdalenian. It is 
with the Azilians that we find the first people in Scotland. 
During the 25-30 foot beach period they were living near 
Oban and on Oronsay. An Azilian also lost a harpoon in the 
river Dee at Kirkcudbright, and perhaps a new exploration of 
the Solway shore might reveal fresh evidence of him. 

I have already suggested that these Azilians were the 
last of the Magdalenian hunters, but of course this is by no 
means generally admitted. Still, it is difficult otherwise to 
account for the fact that in France the basis of the population 
during the earlier part of the Neolithic period seems to have 


been distinctly related to the Cromagnon race. 


76 PRIMITIVE MAN. 


Let us see what would be most likely to happen at the 
close of the Paleolithic period. At this time the Azilians 
were living in the south of France, chasing the red deer and 
following the roe, but they were also fishermen, and some- 
times reduced to feeding on shellfish. The climate was 
becoming better, and oak forest had already covered a large 
part of Europe. Under these circumstances, it seems most 
probable that a scanty population of hunting and fishing 
Azilians would spread all over Europe, chiefly along the rivers 
and on the seashores. One could not expect now any but 
the scantiest and most accidental proof of their existence. 

During the earlier neolithic, other races were coming in. 
There was a slow, but steady infiltration of round-headed 
brachycephalic people from Switzerland who may have be- 
longed to the Furfooz race, or may have been the first ex- 
ample of the modern Alpine race. This, of course, was a 
dark brachycephalic people, who probably came from Asia. 

Later, but still in the first half of the neolithic period, the 
first villages of the dolmen-builders (or Mediterranean race) 
seem to have been extending all along the Mediterranean to 
Italy and Spain; most of the stone circles and other 
megalithic monuments belong to the last half of the neolithic 
period, but still they show that this race established itself in 
France, Southern England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. 
So if we adopt the theory of a scattered scanty population of 
red deer hunting, wholly savage Azilians, it is clear that 
during the neolithic period they would be gradually forced 
northwards. So long as there was game to hunt and room 
for migration, they would remain hunters and fishermen. 
But when they had reached Scotland, Schleswig-Holstein, or 
Scandinavia they could not well migrate any further. I 
think all this is very probable from what we know happened 
to the Red Indians and other savages when in contact with 
higher races. But this possibility gives a clue to another 
unsolved problem. Before the end of the Neolithic period, 
the Northern race, the tall, fair-haired, and blue-eyed parents 
of Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, and North German was cer- 
tainly living in North-West Germany. 

It is quite clear that there is a similarity between the 


PRIMITIVE MAN. 77 


Cromagnon type and the earliest Megalithic skulls. They are 
not identical; the Cromagnon type was not a ‘‘ pure ’’ race, 
and many thousands of years may have separated the typical 
man of Cromagnon from the first known Swedish northerner. 
Still the resemblances seem to be considered sufficient to 
show a real affinity. It is quite likely that when the Azilians 
(or Cromagnonites) could no longer follow the red deer into 
new country, they adopted (either under compulsion or of 
their own choice) a more or less settled life. They began 
to grow corn and keep herds of cattle, swine, sheep, and 
horses ; then, increasing in numbers, they were able to invade 
Southern Europe in 1700 to 1500 B.c. This theory then 
explains the origin of the Northern race, and is in fact the 
only s»ggestion which I have ever seen on that difficult 
matter 

All this was before the first Gaelic-speaking Celt in- 
vaded Britain. The Celt was apparently an early cross of 
the Alp‘ne race with these same blue-eyed Northerners. The 
whole story shows the extraordinary mixture of races in 
Europ:. 

When a gardener desires to form a proper bed in which 
to grow rare and useful fruit, he begins by mixing up all 
sorts of soils; rotten turfs of rich fertile ground, barren sand, 
farmya-d manures, lime, and leaf-mould are all blended 
together. Only by this mixture of varied elements does he 
obtain a satisfactory basis. The history of every European 
nationality reminds one of that unromantic process. 

In every nation to-day, there are probably remnants of 
the Neanderthaler savage who survived the Riss Ice Age, of 
th> artistic but muscular Cromagnonite who came from the 
Mediterranean and lived through the Wiirm, of the Alpine 
herdsmen who wandered to us from the illimitable steppes 
of Asia, of the Mediterranean folk who came from the densely 
peopled cities of the four great monarchies, and, perhaps, 
even of the pygmy. All these peoples crossed and diverged, 
passed through widely different race experiences and again 
crossed with each other. They were tried by years of war- 
fare and of hardship, and even more severely by peaceful 
and comfortable life persisting occasionally for one or two 


78 PRIMITIVE MAN. 


centuries. It is this mixture of strains which makes it almost 
impossible to trace exactly the life history of any one element. 
But it is just the difficulty of the problem that makes it 
attractive. 

In one respect the story of man is an encouraging one. 
If we follow him from the Piltdown stage upwards, it 1s 
obvious that his brain enlarges and his mastery over nature 
increases with every century that passes. I think I could 
show also, if I had space for it, that in all the great strides 
which mark a new departure, it was not so much intelligence 
or physical strength as a better moral fibre that helped him 
onward. The story on the whole justifies a confident but not 


an exuberant optimism. 


12th December, 19153. 
Chairman—Dr Witiiam SempLe, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D: 


The Raid at Dumfries on Lammas Even, 1508. 
By G. W. SHIRLEY. 


The sharp, decisive and fatal conflict at Dumfries, 
known contemporaneously as the Raid of Lammas Even, 
took place on the 31st of July, 1508. It had no result of 
national significance, although it caused much stir at the 
time. The ready and judicious action of the King, James 
1V., ‘‘ suddenlye quyeted and stancheit ’’ it. The principal 
partakers in it perished only five years later on the same 
woeful field, and thus it does not appear to have contributed 
in any material degree to family feud. Consequently it has 
been neglected by historians, and its cause and effect have 
remained obscure. The raid was, none the less, of peculiar 
importance to the burgh within which it took place. The 
possession of dearly cherished rights was challenged, and, 
had the fight turned otherwise, these might have been lost,. 
with inevitable reduction in the status of the good town. 

In an early volume of our Transactions James Starke of 


THe Rar av DumMrries ON LAMMAS EVEN. 79 


Troqueer Holm placed before this Society! such matter as he 
could gather about the raid. Summing up he wrote, ‘‘ What 
a tedious, pointless story is here !’’ and commented upon the 
“vague and unsatisfactory account’’ of the incident, 
which seems,”’’ he concluded, ‘‘ to have been regarded in 
the light of a common family feud.”’ 


oe 


With some long-forgotten documents before us we are 
confident of securing from the reader a revision of these 
conclusions, and of lifting the incident out of obscurity and 
misconception to its proper position in the history of Dum- 
fries. 

There is litthe more about the raid to be gleaned from 
contemporary historians than was available fifty years ago. 
Sir James Balfour says :—‘' This zeire at Drumfreis, ther 
was a grate feight betuix the Lords Maxswoll and Sanquhare 
and ther frindes and followars quheirin the Lord Sanquhare 
wes ouerthrowen, and maney of his frinds killed. ’’2 

Bishop Lesley writes :—‘‘ Thair was a gret gaddering 
the xxx day of July [1508]? betuix the Lord Maxwell and 
the Lord Creychtoun of Sanchar, quhair the Lord Creych- 
toun was chaissit with his cumpany fra Drumfreis and the 
Laird of Dalyell and the young [Laird] of Crauchley slane 
with diuers utheris, quhairof thair appered greit deidly feid 
and bludshed; bot the King tuk sic ordour, partlie be justice 
and pairtely be aggrement that the hole cause wes suddenlye 
quyeted and stancheit.’’® 

To these we can add an extract from the Terregles MS. 
‘* After a great fray the 30th July, 1508, he [Lord Maxwell | 
chased the Lord Sanquhar out of Drumfries, killed the Laird 
Dalzell, the laird of Creighlaw, and sundry others, for whilk 


1 The Sands of Dumfries in 1508. V'rans. D. and G. N. H. 
and A. Soc., 1865-6, pp. 51-60. 

2 Annals, I., 231. 

2a It will be seen that Bishop Leslie and the writer of the 
Terregles MS. both give the date of the Raid as the 30th of July. 
The document given in full in Appendix 1V. is dated the 31st, and 
this date receives confirmation in the letter of the Crown to Lord 
Crichton, 3rd January, 1508-9. (Reg. Sec. Sig., I., No. 1791.) 


3 Historie of Scotland (Bannatyne Club), p. 78. 


80 ‘TRE Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


he was putt in prison by K. James 4, and payed a great 
composition for himself and all those who were with him,’”4 

These statements make it clear that the chief protagon- 
ists were Lord Crichton and Lord Maxwell. The former 
was Sir Robert Crichton, znd Lord Sanquhar, hereditary 
Sheriff of Dumfries; the latter was John, 4th Lord Maxwell, 
Steward of Annandale.® The Sheriffdom of Dumfries had 
passed in 1452 from the Kirkpatricks to the Crichtons. In 
that year on 6th November® Sir Robert Crichton of Sanquhar 
was appointed Sheriff, succeeding Sir Thomas Kirkpatrick, 
whom we find exercising the office in 1434.7 He was also 
Coroner of Nithsdale from January, 1468-9. Sir Robert’s 
son Edward seems to have held the Sheriffship for some 
time.2 Sir Robert was succeeded by Robert, who, for his 
gallant services in offering resistance to Alexander Duke of 
Albany and James Earl of Douglas in their attack on Loch- 
maben on 22nd July, 1484, received, a month later, ratifica- 
tion in the Sheriffdom of Dumfries and in the barony of 
Sanquhar.!© On 29th January, 1487-8, he was created a 
Lord of Parliament by the title of Lord Crichton of San- 
quhar. He died between July, 1494, and February, 1494-5. 
His eldest son, Robert Crichton of Riccarton, had pre- 
deceased him prior to 1491-2, and thus the first Lord 
Crichton was succeeded by his grandson, the participant in 
the raid, who may at the time of this incident have been 
about thirty-five years of age. 

We have, unfortunately, no records to give us any idea 
as to how the individual holding the Sheriffdom of Dumfries 


4 The Scots Peerage, VI., 478. The Terregles MS. is a history 
of the family of Herries preserved at Terregles House, and printed 
in the Herries Peerage Case Minutes, pp. 294-302. D. C. Herries 
states that it was compiled about 1677-1700, and that its early part 
is very untrustworthy. (op. cit., 470.) 

5 Reg. Sec. Sig., 1., No. 1884. 

6 Reg. Mag. Sig., Conf. Charter, No. 790, 28rd April, 1464. 

7 Hachequer Rolls, 1434, p. 600, and 1456, p. 168. 

8 Reg. Mag. Sig., 8th January, 1468-9. 

9 vide p. 84. 

10 Reg. Mag. Sig., No. 1597, 20th August, 1484. 


a 


THE Rar aT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. x1 


was regarded by the burgesses of Dumfries prior to 1508. 
After that date there is sufficient to show that great jealousy 
of his position was exhibited by the burgh authorities, who 
were keen to resent any encroachment or fancied slight upon 
their privileges. It is the historic conflict between burgh 
and county. As illustrative of this spirit we may instance 
the Act of the Town Council in 1536 which inflicted the 
penalty of a year’s expulsion from the burgh and its privi- 
leges on any inhabitant who took a case! to the Sheriff 
Court before he had been refused hearing by the burgh 
authorities .!? 

Very different from their attitude towards the Sheriff of 
Dumfries was the manner in which the inhabitants of the 
burgh regarded Lord Maxwell. The holder of this title was 
held to be a friend, if not a co-partner, of the community. 


11 As a type of the cases which at the period we write of came 
before the Sheriff Court, we may cite one heard by Robert Lord 
Creichton of Sanquhar in the Tolbooth of Dumfries on 21st May, 
1500. Marioun Parijs ‘‘ plenzeit on’’ George Scott dwelling in the 
college of Linclowdan, Nichell Merk, Gilbert Capel or Keppal, 
Thom Scott in the Merwood, Jok Leith younger, and Thom Mak- 
kymman or M‘Keyn, his accomplices, that they had come to her 
house, she being at “‘ goddis pece’”’ and ‘‘ masterfully reft and made 
spouliatioun ”’ of ‘‘ vii] scor of thraffis of ber and ats, the sovm —, 
drawand iij chalder of neddisdaile met; ix scor of creills of eldin 
and wyne fewill, drawand to ij merkis of silver; ane feder bed wt 
bowster and couerin which were had to lochmaben be the said 
George and thar draw to 1j pundis of siluer and v s.; alswa ane 
stand bed wt a feden burd quhilkis the said George hes zit in his 
houss wt vtheris diuerss gers.’’ Marion could get ‘‘na justice of 
him and his compliceis’’ for the lord provost of Lincluden was his 
defender, and Scott dwelt within the provost’s regality. She con- 
sequently made a direct appeal to the Crown, which appears as late 
as 8th April, 1511, “‘ herfor maist souerane lord the said marioun 
besekis zor hienes of remeide of zour gude grace as scho that was yll 
downe to in land of pece And wt zor gracious ansuer heruppoun 
maist humlie scho beseikis at the reuerence of god.’? The Crown 
saw that justice was done, with, perhaps, more rigour than usual; 
for, in 1513, George Scott appealed to the Crown, and accused the 
Sheriff of having comprised more goods than needful. (MS. Acta 
Dom., 8th April, 1511, Vol. XXII., f. 150, and 16th April, 1513, 
Vol. XXV., f. 4.) 


12 wide Appendix I. 


8&2 THE Ratp AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


By virtue of his position he was a member of its Council, 
and mutual obligations were entered into which made, no 
doubt, for the strength of both. 

Thus on the 11th of January, 1518-19, Robert, 5th Lord 
Maxwell, acted as oversman in a troublesome arbitration 
between John Maxwell of Carnsalloch and the burgh as to 
the boundary of the latter at Dalscone and Brounrig. The 
arbitrators settled this dispute in such a manner that their 
decision has remained substantially in force to the present 
day. 

More impressive than the foregoing, however, are the 
contents of two pages of the Burgh Court Books of Dum- 
fries, dated the 27th of May, 1523, when Lord Maxwell sat 
with the Secret Council and entered into mutual obligations 
with them for the better defence and more efficient preser- 
vation of order in the town, the whole being prefaced with 
the phrase, “* for the common wele of the gude toun.’’4 

The historical narratives we have quoted supply us with 
neither beginning nor end to our tale, but, before giving as 
straightforward an account of the whole affair as possible, a 
word may be said about the Provost of the burgh, who. 
figures prominently in the incident. 

Nicholas M‘Brair was a member of that family which, 
generation after generation, throughout the 15th, 16th, and 
into the beginning of the 17th century, held the civic head- 
ship of the community. He was the son of Robert M‘Brair, 
who appears as Provost at various dates between 1453 and 
1477, and the grandson of Herbert M‘Brair, who died prior 
to June, 1444. Nicholas himself had a long tenure of office, 
appearing first as Provost in 1484 and continuing so until 
Slee 

His son and successor was Roger M‘Brair, who appears 
as Provost from 1515 to 1548, and was succeeded by his 
son, John M‘Brair, Provost from 1549 to 1561, in the Feb- 
ruary of which year he died. His son was Archibald, already 


13 wide Appendix II. 
14 wide Appendix III. 


THE Rar at DuMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 83 


familiar to us. It must be understood that we have no 
continuous record of our burgh during these years, and thus 
are unable to say that the Provostship was represented con- 
tinuously in the persons of the M‘Brairs, yet the remark- 
able point is that no other Provosts than M‘Brairs appear 
from 1453 to 1561, when the continuity was broken, until 
Archibald reached his majority. Of Nicholas we shail dis- 
cover that, like Aytoun’s Provost of Edinburgh, 
‘he ever for the townsmen’s rights 
Stood wp ’gainst prince and peer.”’ 

, On the morning of July 31st, 1508, Lord Robert Crich- 
ton of Sanquhar rode into the burgh of Dumfries with a 
considerable body of men. His officer had been there before 
him summoning certain persons, burgesses of the burgh, to 
a court of justice, so his arrival was expected by the inhabi- 
tants. About nine o'clock in the morning one of his deputy- 
sheriffs, John Crichton of Hartwood, went to the Tolbooth,. 
which stood on the east side of the High Street on a site 
occupied later by the old Council Chambers,!® and proceeded 
to hold a court of ‘* bloodwits,’’ or of cases of assault to 
the effusion of blood.” = About him were gathered Mr 
Herbert Gledstanis, rector of Dornock; William Cunning- 
ham and David Welsh, burgesses of Dumfries; William 
Dalzell of that Ik whose family afterwards became Earls 
of Carnwath ;!8§ and John Carmichael,!® son of William Car- 


18 Transactions, Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History 
and Antiquarian Society, N.S., XXIII. (1910-11), p. 219. 

16 Now the printing office of Thomas Hannavy, 94 High Street. 

17 ‘* Bloodwits: i.e., riots where blood is spilt, from wyte, a 
Saxon vocable, which, according to Spelman, signifies a fine, and 
which is used in our ancient statutes to denote blame or culpa.”’ 
(Erskine’s Institutes, I., 77.) 

18 On December 15, 1508, M. William Balze, doctor in medicine 
and prebendare of Provand, was the recipient of the gift of ward 
and nonentries of William Dalzell’s estate, also of the marriage of 
Robert Dalzell, ‘‘nevo and ayr’”’ of William Dalzell, unmarried 
(Reg. Sec. Sig., I., No. 1780, p. 270.) 

19 Some confusion exists as to the genealogy of the Carmichaels 
at this period. FE. G. M. Carmichael, in The Scots Peerage, IV., 


84 THe Raip At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


michael of that Ilk, ancestor of the Earls of Hyndford, both 
deputy-sheriffs of Lord Crichton. There were also present 
a chaplain, Sir John Steynsone, and three notaries public, 
John Makhome, presbyter of Glasgow, Roger M‘Gilhaugh, 
presbyter of Carlisle, and John Durane, curate of Glasgow 
and clerk of the Sheriff Court,* to whose good offices we 
are indebted for the following intimate record. Before the 
Deputy-Sheriff could begin, the Provost, Nicholas M‘Brair, 
appeared as spokesman and deputy for the whole community 
of the burgh, and addressed him thus :— 

‘‘ Shr zour offichar says that he hais arrestit ane part of 
the nychburris of Drumfreis to this court for bluyd, the 
quhilk bluyd of the nychburris of Drumfreis, the correctioun 
and punycion tharof, pertenis to the alderman and bailzeis 
and ourismen of the said burgh and thai haue bein in wse of 
the correctioun thairof be the space of thre hundret zeris 
but ony impediment of ony sheref or depute that buyr office 
in that tyme, That is to say outhir Shr thomas of kyrk- 
patrik, Shr Robert of crechtoun, Eduard of crechtoun or ony 
wtheris that buyr office of Sherefschip or deputschip and 
the bluyd of the nycburris of Drumfreis pertenis in heritagis 
to Drumfreis and to the ourismen of the samyn.’’ 

To that declaration the deputy-sheriff retorted bluntly :— 

‘* Shr Alderman, I declair and certifeis to zow that the 
bluyd of Drumfreis pertenis to my lord crechtoun of the 
sanquhair, sheref principale of Drumfreis, in heretagis and 
is his heritagis quham to I am depute and I, in my lordis 
name, will determine thair wpone.’’ 

Then the doughty Provost, quelling his rising anger at 
‘this curt declaration, made answer :— 

‘* Sene ze, sheref depute, sais and allegis that the bluyd 
of Drumfreis is heretages to my lord crechtoun of the san- 
quhair, quhame to ze ar depute, as sheref principale of Drum- 
freis, he and ze ar suspect Jugis [judges] till ws, And wpone 


pp. 576, 582, does not mention this John Carmichael, but gives 
another John Carmichael of Park as the third son of William. The ~ 
first John is elsewhere styled ‘‘the young laird of Carmichael.”’ 
xPiteairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *85.) 

* MS. Acta Dominorum, 8th April, 1511, Vol. XXII., fol. 150. 


THE Rar aT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 85 


law may nocht sytt thair wpone becauss ze manifest and 
schawis zr self pertie [a party to one side] and pretendis to 
be Jugis till our fee and heritagis of the blud of Drumfreis, 
and correctioun of the samyn, the quhilk correctioun our 
predecessoris and we hais wsitt all tymes bigane and neuer 
naine sheref of Drumfries attour the mynd of man; Heirfer Shr 
notaris, in the name and of the behalf of the haill comunitee 
of this burgh of Drumfreis, I excep eganis [take exception 
to] the said Sheref and his depute that heir is present, and 
declynis tham as Jugis in this mater and actioun of bluyd, 
and impugnis all process lede or to be lede be thaim or ony 
ane of thaim in this actioun of bluyd, And appelis till our 
Souerane lord the Kyng for the causs and correctioun of the 
said Sheref deput maid of before, and protestis quhat euer 
the said sheref or his deput that heir is present, or any 
wtheris of his deputis, dois in the contrar of ws and our 
fredome turne ws or or freedome to naine preiudice [what- 
ever they do in our dispite shall not prejudice us or the free- 
dom of our burgh] considerane we are and ay or predecessors 
hais bein in ws and possessioun of the correctioun of the said 
bluyd, And that we may have remeid of law of all process 
lede or to be lede in the said actioun of bluyd at or souerane 
lord the Kingis hand as our immediat superior.’’!% 

This dignified and forceful utterance of the Provost still 
rings to-day with the note of a man determined to uphold the 
rights of his burgh. 

We may be sure the drawing of weapons did not long 
follow the retiral of the Provost. Hartwood might attempt 
to proceed with his court, and the conflict may have com- 
menced with an effort to eject him from the Tolbooth. In 
the street were gathered with Lord Maxwell a large body. of 
men, Maxwells, Fergussons, Grahams, Johnstones, Scotts, 
and Moffats. It is not clearly stated, but it is likely enough, 
‘that the over-lords of these men were also present. At any- 
rate, subsequently embroiled in the matter were Sir William 
Douglas of Drumlanrig,2° Lord Carlyle of Torthorald, John 


19a wide Appendix IV. 
2 Sir William Douglas, 5th of Drumlanrig, was infeft in 1492, 


86 THe Rarp At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


Fergusson of Craigdarroch and his son Thomas, and James 
the Laird of Johnstone, a son-in-law of Lord Maxwell.7! 
Herbert Maxwell of Kirkconnel and Robert Graham of 
‘Gillesbie were certainly present. 

In a little while a wild mélée of struggling men would 
swing to and fro in the wide street. William Dalzell of that 
Ilk, John Carmichael, and the Laird of Crauchley?? were 
struck down and slain, others were killed or wounded, among 
them being John Weir, John Lokky, and Robert Bertoun. 
These were Crichton’s men. Two on the other side, Alex- 
ander Fergusson and Robert Fergusson, appear to have been 
killed by the Crichtons. The latter, however, soon broke 
and fled. By Friars’ Vennel, the Stinking Vennel,** the 
narrow path through the fields past the Greyfriars’ Convent 
to the Stakeford, or by the Townhead, they sought escape 
from the victors. We can almost see the humbled Sheriff 
spurring his jaded horse up the long valley of the Nith to 


Sanquhar.”4 


He was the grandson of William Douglas, 3rd of Drumlanrig, and 
his wife, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Robert Crichton of 
Sanquhar, who afterwards married Sir William Colville of Ochil- 
tree. His great-grandmother was said to be Janet, daughter of 
Sir Herbert Maxwell of Carlaverock. (The Scots Peerage, III., 
p. 222; VII., pp. 115-7.) 

21 He appears to have married Mary, the eldest daughter of 
John, 4th Lord Maxwell, as his son, John Johnstone, is described 
as ‘“‘sister son”? to Robert, 5th Lord Maxwell. (State Papers, 
Henry VIIT., 1V., 492.) James Johnston was one of the Wardens 
of the Western Marches, 15th May, 1523, and died in August, 
1524. 

22 Sir Herbert Maxwell calls this person ‘‘ Gordon, laird of 
Craighlaw,’’ in Wigtownshire, but that estate had not passed to 
the Gordons at that date. It was in the possession of ‘‘ Maleum 
Kakke ” in 1513. (MS. Acta Dom., 15th March, 1512/18, Vol. . 
XXIV.. fol. 215.) Clauchrie, in Closeburn, might be suggested as 
the property indicated. 

23 Now bearing the more dignified name of Bank Street. 

24 Lord Crichton’s powers of jurisdiction were challenged not 
‘only by the Burgh of Dumfries. On 17th March, 1510, John 
Murray of Cokpule, Knight, raised summons against him for call- 
ing William and Andro Quhite, his tenants in the lands of Little 
“Cargo, to the Sheriff Court and proceeding against them and 


THE Rap av DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. x7 


There must have been wild excitement in the little town. 
The horses, arms, and all that the Crichtons had abandoned 
in their flight were seized by the victorious side. We have 
no record of what part the burgers took in the fray. On 
market days their commands were to be with their ‘* geyr "’ 
upon them and ‘ 


‘ 


sufficient wappynis "’ in their booths ready 
to pass with the Provost and bailies to resist any parties 
*“doand ony truble wytin the toun.’’?® We may be certain 
that they were not unarmed on the 31st of July, and it would 
be, surely, too great a strain for the human nature of 1508 
to stand idly by while such a fight was in progress. 

Since Robert Pitcairn published his Criminal Trials in 
1833 it has been supposed that the struggle took place on 
the Sands beside the Nith. William M‘Dowall added that 
the Maxwells rode in from the south. There is really no 
tittle of evidence as to where the fight actually raged, but, 
considering the procedure in the Tolbooth now brought to 
light, it seems likelier to have been in the High Street about 
that building. 

News of the fray quickly reached the King, James IV., 
who, vigorous and intrepid, took immediate action. The 
swiftness with which the matter was dealt indicates that the 
court regarded it as a serious occurrence. Only three days 
later, on the 3rd of August, James issued letters to Lord 
Maxwell, Lord Crichton, and the Laird of Johnstone. In 
the Lord High Treasurers’ Accounts are the entries :— 
“Item to Johne Beg, messinger, passand to charge Lord 
Maxwell and the lard of Johnestoun to ward . . . 1x 5s.; 
Item to ane othir to pas to Lord Crechtoun of Sanquhar with 
inewcine S writing’). . ix s.’?. The Terregles MS. is 
thus, so far, vindicated. Lord Maxwell was imprisoned by 
the King. 

What the contents of the letter to Lord Crichton were 


must remain conjectural. It is significant, however, that 


taking their goods for ‘‘ bludewittis..’ (MS. Acta Dom., Vol. 
XXII., fol. 70.) 


25 Reg. Sec. Sig., Vol. I., Nos. 1745, 1748. 
26 vide Appendix III. 


88 THE Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


on the 25th of March, 1509, the King discharged Lord 
apon blude committet ’’ 


ce 


Crichton from holding courts 
within Dumfries until ‘‘ he haid command in word or note 
of his Grace.’’2 

The story now divides into two sections. We must 
follow the criminal records with regard to the actual par- 
ticipants in the Raid, and then the civil action between the 
burgh and Lord Crichton as to the right to hold Courts of 
Bluid. 

In October, 1508, precepts of remission were granted 
to Harbert Maxwell of -Kirkconnel, Andrew Alane, John 
Cowpir, John Stokbrig, and Thomas Buk, for implication 
in the raid,”8 as well as for other crimes. On November 18th 
the Laird of ‘‘ Garrules ’’ (Sir Alexander Stewart of Garlies), 
whose daughter Agnes was the wife of John 4th Lord Max- 
well, as surety, was fined £40 for the non-appearance at 
the court of David Glendunwell, who was denounced rebel 
and had his goods escheated for art and part in the slaughter 
of the two sheriff-deputes.29 

Lord Crichton and his adherents were early relieved 
from criminal proceedings. On 3rd January, 1508-9, a letter 


6 


was ‘‘ maid ’’ from the Crown to Lord Crichton “‘ making 
mensioun, that becaus the Kingis hienes understandis and 
kennis wele that the said Robert maid and set a court to 
be haldin at Drumfreis the last day of July, for ministratioun 
of justice to certane personis within the bondis of his office, 
and that he mycht not nor durst nocht cum to the said burgh 
to hald the said court without warnyng support and supple 
of his frendis, as wele apperit fra his deputis war cruelly 
slane in the executioun of his office and halding of his said 
court, and that the persounis cumming with the said Robert 
to the sammyn come in the strenth of him in the executioun 
of his office and furthputtin of the Kingis auctoritie and nane 
utherwais: That thairfore it is the Kingis mynde and will 
that the said Robert nor nane uther persoun nor persounis 


27 MS. Acta Dom., 17th November, 1509, Vol. XXTI., fol. 27. 
28 Reg. Sec. Sig., I., Nos. 1745, 1748, and 1750. 
29 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, 1., 53. 


THe Raw at Dumrries on LamMMAS EveEN. 89 


that come with him to the said court be attechit, arestit or 
accusit be the justice, justice-clerkis, etc., for convocatioun 
of the Kingis lieges, slauchter, refe or ony uther maner of 
crime or actioun committit or done be him or thaim the said 
tyme, or be ony occasioun or ony uther thing that mycht 
follow thairupoun, bot will that the sammyn ceis for evir in 
tyme to cum, etc.’’5? 

Thus were those who had suffered loss from Lord 
Crichton and his adherents ‘ 
are prevented from acquiring an estimate of the damage 
inflicted by the Crichtons. On 1st December, 1509, in 
presence of the Lords of Council, Lord Crichton and Lord 
Maxwell entered into a bond of truce for themselves and 


suddenlye quyeted,’’ and we 


their friends in the following terms :—‘‘ In presens of the 
Lords of Counsale Robert lord Creichton of Sanquhar on 
the ta part and Johne lord maxvele on the tother part ilk 
ane assurit vtheris and their kenman, frendis and all the 
personis beand at the Raid of Drumfress on lammas day for 
them, ther men, kin and frends and all that thai may let 
but fraude or gile, excepand the personis that straik that 
day, be the faith in ther bodijs on to candelmes day nixt to 
cum quhill son pas dovne.’’*! 

One man on the Crichton side was, however, outlawed. 
This was Robert Creichtoun of Kirkpatrik, who, in December, 
1510, is described as “* now being at the horne for the slater 
of Alexander fergusone and Robert fergusone.’’ John Fer- 
guson of Craigdarroch endeavoured to implicate John 
Creichtoune of Hartwood as one of Robert Creichton’s accom- 
plices, purchased letters to take surety of him and sought 
to get him outlawed. John Lord Hay of Yester and John 
Carmichael of Medoflat raised the matter before the Lords 
of Council. The latter decided that ‘* the executioun of the 
said lettrez purchest be the said Johne fergusone anent the 
takyng of souerte of the said Johne of Crechtone to haf 
vnderlyne the law for the said actioun sall ceiss and be 


suspendit in tyme to cum becauss the said Johnis borrowis 


30 Reg. Sec. Sig., I., No. 1791, p. 271. 
31 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXI., f. 47. 


90 THe Rar At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


is outlawit and he fugitive for the samyn crime and dome 
gevin vpon him to denounce him the Kingis rebell and to 
eschete his guds like as was vnderstanden to the saids lords 
throw the quhilkis thar hands ar closit anent him.’ It is 
surely curious to find an accomplice becoming surety for his 
fellow as Kirkpatrick apparently was for. Hartwood. Having 
been outlawed for the crime, the Lords of Council could do 
nothing with regard to the security. Perhaps it was re- 
garded as a case of res judicata. 

The Fergussons pursued Robert Crichton of Kirkpatrick 
with their utmost vengeance, and they or William Douglas 
of Drumlanrig murdered him sometime prior to September, 
Si aeoee 

On the 24th of that month at Edinburgh, in presence 
of the King, ten earls, headed by Archibald Earl of Angus, 
eleven lords and seven knights considered the supplication 
of William Douglas of Drumlanrig desiring that the ques- 
tion of the crime imputed to him—the slaughter of Robert 
Crichton of Kirkpatrick—should be placed before the Lords 
of Council to decide if the case should go before a criminal 
court, Crichton having been a rebel at the time of his death. 
Lord Crichton opposed this, and the Lords of Council agreed 
that the case should go to an assize. On the question as to 
whether Crichton was a rebel or not when he was killed 
they decided that he was. Both parties were agreeable to 
the Lords of Council being upon the assize. On September 
30th the great assize gave its verdict, including with Douglas 
of Drumlanrig, John Fergusson of Craigdarroch and Thomas 
Fergusson his son. The verdict was that “‘ the said allegit 
crimes be na Dittay ’’ (indictment), because Robert Crichton 


32 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXII., f. 10; 17th December, 1510. 


32a On 4th December, 1512, the Lords of Council ordained the 
infeftment of John Creichtoun of Kilpatrick, son and air of 
umquhile Robert Creichtoun, in the £10 lands of Glencairn, called 
Clovingalphalch, Stroncastell, Bellebocht, and Darnayngill, and 
infeftment followed on 12th December. John Creichtoun of Hart- 
wood acted as his tutor. (MS. Acta Dom., XXIV., fols. 53 and 77.) 
An entry relating to this matter is of date 15th July, 1511 (op. 
cit., XXITII., fols. 43, 51) and the murder may have been prior to 
that. 


THE Raw ar DuMmMFRigES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 9] 


was a rebel. Letters of Discharge were consequently 
ordered, but for some unknown reason were not to be ex- 
tended to Fergy Fergussoun or Robin Fergussoun, whe 
were ‘‘ to be punist, as is contenit in the decret and deliver- 
ance, be certane of the said Lordis thairapoun.’' 

Commenting on this, Sir Herbert Maxwell says. that 
there was evidently a preconcerted scheme for the acquittal 
of the accused.*4 If so, and it would be difficult to prove 
otherwise, it was with the ulterior object of strengthening 
the power of the law. This is shown in the act passed by 
the Lords of Council the following day anent ‘‘ the Resset 
of Rebellis and Personis being at our soverane lordis horne,”’ 
one clause of which act runs, ‘‘ And gif ony personis happins 
to committ slauchter apone the said Rebillis and personis 
being at the horne, the tyme of the takin or apprehending 
of tham, sall be na punct of Dittay; bot the slaaris of tham 
to be ravardit and thankit tharfore.’’% 

The end of the Justiciary Court proceedings seems to 
have been reached on 5th April, 1513. That day Robert 
Graham of Gillesbie,*® Thomas Johnestoun of Gartno, David 
Johnestoun, brother of John Johnstoun, in’ Bartycupane 
| Bartympane], Adam Scot of Tuschelaw, and James Johne- 
stoun of Skare, were denounced rebels and their goods 
escheated. James Laird of Johnstone, as their surety, was 
amerced {..00 for the first, and 100 merks for each of the 
others, a total of £366 13s 44.57 John Johnstoune of Wam- 
fray°8 was amerced £40 as surety for William Moffat of 
Hewek, similarly outlawed, as were also James, alias Jok 
Baty, Andrew his brother, Ronald Graham at the Water of 
Corry, and Patrick, son of Walter Graham. John Maxwell, 
called France, officer to Lord Maxwell, was proved to be 
sick, and Lord Maxwell became his surety under penalty of 


33 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *78-9. 

34 History of Dumfries and Galloway, 1896, p. 154. 

35 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *80. 

36 ibid., *85. 

37 ibid., *86. 

38 A grandson of John Johnston of that Ilk (1438-1493). (The 
Scots Peerage, 1., 239.) 


92 Tue Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


100 merks.39 Some indication of the size of the body of men 
that gathered in support of Lord Maxwell may be obtained 
by consideration of the wide tract of ee from which the 
above men were drawn. 

Lord Maxwell, Lord Carlyle, and the Laird of Johnstone 
were: not put upon trial. This may be Bishop Lesley’s 
‘‘ pairtly be agreement.’’ They were not allowed, however, 
to go scot free. The Crown might have more need for a 
man’s purse than his person. They, with William Douglas 
of Drumlanrig, appear to have been dealt with by arbitrators, 
as appears from the Acta Dominorum of June 8th, 1513, 
when Douglas “ gaif in tua billis for him and the lord max- 
well and ellegeit that thai war ordanit to pay certane sovms 
be vertu of ane decrete arbitrale gevin betuix them and the 
lord Creichtoun,’’ and in which the Laird of Johnstoun was 
also included.*® 

The only definite fact emerging is the entry in the Lord 
High Treasurers’ Accounts, when at some date after August 
6th, 1511, Andrew Stewart, Bishop of Caithness, the Trea- 
surer, charges himself with receiving 4555 11s o4d from 
Lord Maxwell, £400 from the Laird of Johnstoun, and £22 
4s 4d from Lord Carlyle, as part payment of the larger sum 
of 41566 13s 4d due by Lord Maxwell and his accomplices 
in connection with the raid of Dumfries.4! 

Two thousand three hundred and fifty merks, to give 
the fine in round Scots money, might well merit the descrip- 
tion of ‘“‘a great composition.’’ Johnstone undoubtedly 
came off the worst of the three, for besides paying 400 as 
above he paid nearly £400 more as surety. It mitigates 
one’s anxiety for the Lords to reflect that then, as now, their 
burdens were passed on to humbler shoulders. Whether any 
further instalments of the fine were paid does not appear. 
In June, 1513, there is talk of modification: ‘‘ William 
Douglas of Drumlangrig, Knyt, for him self and in name 


oS 5D) 
of the lord Maxvel, and the lard of Johneston, protestit sen 


39 Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, I., *86. 
40 MS. Acta Dom., 8th June, 1513, Vol. XXV., fol. 168. 
41 The Lord High Treasurers’ Accounts, Vol. IV., p. 154. 


THE RAtw AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 93 


he offerit him reddy to pay thar pert of the sovmes contenit 
in the decrete arbitrale gevin betuix tham and ther frendis 
and the lord creichtoun and his frendis [sa] the Jugis wald 
modify the samyn [sen] thai referrit the modification to 
thaim self [themselves] as he allecit [alleged] that therfor 
he nor thai suld incur na panis [howbeit] the tyme past.” 

Hostilities continued between the individuals concerned 
until a greater warfare fell upon them. On 14th June, 1513, 
the Lords of Council passed the following act, which indi- 
cates the state of feeling between the opponents :—‘‘ The 
lords of Counsal for certaine considerations moving thaim 
ordainis that Robert lord Crechtoun of Sanquhar sall ceiss 
fra all calling of Johne ferguson of cragdarroch, his freindis, 
sheruandis, or tennentis to his corts and fra all poynding 
or distrenzeing of thaim for ony occasion of unlawis, bigan 
or to cum, unto the v day of July nixt tocum. And elikewise 
[likewise] that William Douglas of Drumlangrik sall ceiss 
fra all calling of ony the said lord Crechtouns frendis 
tennentis or sheruandis, and fra all poynding of tham as said 
is for ony occasion of vulawis, bigan or to cum, vnto the 
said day: And gif ony of the saidis perteis has tane or 
poyndit for ony vnlawis ellis that thai sall restoir tham again 
quhil the said day so that the lordis may than provide how 
the saidis perteis sall haf [behave] tham to vtheris in tyme 
to cum according to the decrete arbitrale gevin betuix tham 
of befoir.’’4% 

Nothing appears to have been done on July 5th. Some 
settlement of the matter was to be brought about not by the 
Lords of Council but by the arrows of the English bowmen. 

The civil action commenced before the Lords of Council 
on 27th April, 1509, when May 12th was assigned to the 
parties to produce such reasons, evidents, and infeftments 
as they were to use in the case. They also decreed that, in 
the meantime, neither of the parties was to hold courts of 
blood. In consequence of this there was stir among the 
authorities at Dumfries on May 5th, when about ten in the 


42 MS. Acta Dom., 13th June, 1518, Vol. XXV., fol. 172. 
43 Op. cit., Vol. XXV., fol. 177. 


o+ Tue Raip at DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


morning they gathered in the Church of the Grey Friars’ 
Convent. There the venerable and circumspect (we shall 
retain all his dignities) Dominus, or, to use the vernacular, 
Sir, Archibald Nycht, vicar of Trailflat, the accredited deputy 
of the most venerable and distinguished Master Hugo Gren- 
law, commissary below the parts of Nith of the most reverend 
father and lord in Christ, Dominus James, by God’s merey 
Archbishop of Glasgow, held a court. There were present 
also Sir John Symsone, Sir John Lauchlinsone, and Sir 
Stephen Ameligane, chaplains, John Greirsone, William 
M‘Brair, Nicholas Purdoun, and William Gillespie, laymen, 
Thomas Welch, and Herbert Dwne, clerks, the former the 
first town clerk of the burgh on record, and the notaries, 
Sir John Makhomme, Sir John Durane, and Sir David 
Makgee, the last a presbyter of Glasgow. In their presence 
Adam Wallass, bailie of Dumfries, produced a register or 
book of the burgh court of Dumfries, in which, he asserted, 
were contained certain acts of blood which it was necessary 
the provost, bailies, and community of Dumfries should pro- 
duce, either in the original or in an authenticated copy, before 
the Lords of Council with a view to investigating the truth 
of the matter touching the right or claim of right to hold, 
through ownership and possession, courts of blood. These 
acts the bailie asked, with seemly reverence, should be read 
over and copied by the notaries. This accordingly was done, 
and the document comprises the earliest records we possess 
of our burgh courts.*6 

The following may serve as examples of the extracts. 
The first is dated 16th May, 1454. ‘‘ The bowrow curt of 
Drumfreis haldin the xvj day of the moneth of maij the zeir 
of god, ane thousand four hundret liiij zeris, sutis callit, the 
court affermit, etc., The quhilk day it is funding be ane 
inqueist that Johne of Aceine is in ane bluyduit, etc.’’ The 
next extract is much later, March 16th, 1473, ‘‘ The borow 
curt haldin at Drumfreis the xvj day of the moneth of merch, 


45 James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, 1509-1522, formerly 
bishop of Galloway, and afterwards Archbishop of St. Andrews. 
46 vide Appendix V. 


THE Rarip At DumMFRies oN LAMMAS EVEN. 95 


the zeir of god, ane thousand four hundret, IxXxiij zeris, etc. ; 
The quhilk day it is funding be ane inqueist that Johne of 
laudir and Dauid maxwell ar in ane bluyduit and in ane 
wnlaw for the drawin of andro burnis bluyd, doym gevin be 
mathow padzane.’’ Doom was the sentence pronounced by 
a dempster appointed every vear by the Council. The office 
was continued in Dumfries throughout most of the 16th cen- 
tury. It will be noticed that the court is not described in 
these entries as being held in any specific place. The fol- 
lowing entry and all succeeding ones, however, give the place 
of meeting as the Tolbooth. There seems good presumption 
therefore for ascribing the erection of the Tolbooth to the 
period between November, M73.) and June, 1481..; ‘ The 
borow curt of the burgh of Drumfreis haldin in the tolbuyt 
of the samin befoir the alderman and bailzeis the xxvij day of 
the monet of Junij, in the zeir of god, etc., Ixxxj, the curt 
affermit, sutis callit, absentes sunt hij: The samyn day 
Robert of homyltoun is in ane merciamet of the curt for the 
wranguss drawin of Donald m‘credis bluyd and ane mendis 
to be maid to the said Donald wtin terme of law, the quhilk 
mendis is ordanit be counsale of the houss x ss and of that to 
pay v s wtin xv dais and the totheris v s to pay be the ruyd- 
mes.’’ We may quote two other entries of interest. Novem- 
ber 13, 1489—“* Esobell mark offerit hir to preif lauchfullie, at 
the nixt curt that cristiane herroun wranguslie straik hir and 
drew hir of ane leddir quhair shw was seruand nycoll ander- 
sone quhair he theikaris [thatches].’’ ‘‘ The gyldyne pryme 
haldin befoir the deyne and bailzeis in the tolbuyt of Drum- 
freis the xxij day of the monet of Januar the zeir of god 
etc., Ixxxix zeris, curt affermit, suits callit, absentes sunt hij. 
The samyn day it [is] ordanit Andro patriksone till acquyit 
him lauchfullie at the nixt curt that he straik not thome wil- 
sonis wif wranguslie nor drew not hir bluyd and of the 
wranguss takin of hir guyd, that is to say a stand.”’ This 
entry is interesting as the earliest example in Dumfries of a 
Dean of Guild court. In the 16th century the Dean of Guild 
was frequently the first official to be chosen at the annual 
elections in October. He preceded the Provost. What his 
- position actually was is difficult to say. His courts seemed 


96 THE Rarip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


to differ in no wise from the Provost’s and bailies’. He 
usually controlled the markets, and on October ist, 1561, we 
have it that ‘‘ the consell rypplie adwisit hes chosin Peter rig 
Dein or sear of thair mercait, in all points to be vsit at thair 
adwyiss and [he was] suorane there to.’’4’ It is possible, 
however, that between 1500 and 1560 a change had taken 
place in the position of the Dean. He no longer seems to 
hold courts.“ ‘‘ Pryme’’ was a general term for the hours 
between 6 and 9 a.m., and the court appears to have sat at 
the latter hour. The last extract given in the Transumpt 
is of date 16th November, 1494. 

Such were the contents of the Burgh Court Books on 
which the Burgh based its case. As it would have been 
desirable to have produced earlier extracts than that of 1454 
we may perhaps conclude that, even in 1509, the Burgh had 
no earlier records than these in preservation. The earliest 
we now possess are a few fragments of 1506. 

Before following the case we may note what Erskine says 
of the powers of the provosts and bailies of royal burghs. 
*“Tn criminal matters they had anciently the same privilege 
as regalities, of repledging from the justiciary or sheriff. 

But their criminal jurisdiction hath been much 
abridged by our latter usage. They are still competent to 
petty riots; but they never had jurisdiction in bloodwits unless 
their grants carried an express right of Sheriffship, regality, 
or barony (Leg. Burgh. C 19 and Skene’s Notes), which 
special right hath been granted to Edinburgh, Stirling, Perth, 
and some other royal boroughs. . . . . But this juris- 
diction is only cumulative with, not exclusive of, that of the 
Sheriff.’’49 

None of these powers appear in the Charters of Robert 
IIT. (April 28, 1395) or James IJ. (October 28, 1458) to the 


47 Burgh Court Books. 


48 By the Act of Parliament of 1593, c. 184, the Dean of Guild 
was vested with jurisdiction in all causes between merchant and 
merchant and disputes about marches or linings were referred to 
him, etc. (Erskine’s Institutes, I., 104-5.) 

49 Erskine’s Institutes, I.,; iv., 16, 21. 


THE Rarp At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 97 


burgh. The latter, therefore, based its claim upon posses- 
sion with, as we shall hear, a reservation as to title. 

On 12th May the case was duly considered by the Lords 
of Council. The Provost protested that whatever the Lords 
did in the case should not hurt the burgh, for he would not 
admit that they were competent judges as to the ground 
right or ownership, but only as to the possession or exercise 
of the right. He further offered to prove the possession to 
have been held by the burgh ‘* past memor of man.’’ Lord 
‘Crichton asked note that whereas he produced a charter 
under the Great Seal as his title his adversaries produced 
nothing. 

Then occurs a curious incident illustrative of that inter- 
ference with the course of justice which we do not so lightly 
regard nowadays, but which in the sixteenth century was a 
necessary adjunct to a King. The burgh was in possession 
of a letter from the Crown forbidding Lord Crichton to hold 
courts of blood in Dumfries without definite permission from 
the King. This Crichton appealed against, and the Lords of 
Council advised the King to suspend the letter “ 
of the causs not being had.’’ The rest of the action they 
continued to 28th July.5! The decision of the Council was a 
set back to Dumfries, and might have meant further blood- 
shed. The King, however, did not take the advice of the 
Council, and appears to have snubbed them, for two days 
later they meekly retracted their advice. The phraseology 
by which the Council saved its dignity is curious. ‘* The 
Kingis hienes wt avise of his lords of counsale forsaid under- 
‘stands that his grace knew perfirle quhy he gaif the said 
lettres quhilk wes for the stanching of debats and effeusioun 
-of blude that myt happen betuix the said pertijs through the 
halding of the saidis courts as has bene committet ellis likeas 
the sade lord creichtone grantit tham befor the Kingis grace 
and his saids lords.’’ We are also given Lord Crichton’s 
belief with regard to his rights. He ‘* granted elikewise 
that nouther he nor his fader was in possession of blude in 


cognition 


50 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XX., fol. 203; vide Appendix VI. 
51 Op. cit., Vol. XX., fol. 204. 


QR Toe Rat at DumFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


the said burgh bot allegit that his grantshr wes ane sleuthfull 
man and pretermittit it.’’ Not an over-respectful attitude to 
the ancestor who had won for the family its chief honours ! 
The Councii suspended both parties from holding courts of 
blood in Dumfries until July 28th, when the case was again 
to come before them.*? 

It was the r7th of November, however, before anything 
further was done. Lord Crichton then produced his infeft- 
ment of the sheriffship of Dumfries, dated 20th August, 1484; 
Master Walter Laing, ‘‘ forspekar ’’ for the burgh, produced 
the King’s letters discharging Crichton from holding courts, 
dated 25th March, 1509, and ‘‘ Nicoll Makbraar alderman of 
Drumfreiss ’’ desired that his protestations should be shown 
anent the matter.°? 

The affair is postponed once again, and it is the 21st of 
March, 1511, before it emerges. Then Maister James Henry- 
son asked that note should be made that Lord Crichton pro- 
duced a confirmation of the gift of the Sheriffship of date 6th 
November, 1452.54 On the 27th of March following Maister ~ 
Walter Laing protests for the burgh that the Lords should 
only consider the “‘ vse of blude wtin the sade burgh,”’ and 
Lord Crichton protested that the Lords “‘ myt procede efter 
the forme of ther avn grant maid of befor,’’ evidently in his 
favour. Then again the King’s influence appears. My 
Lord Treasurer asserted that ‘‘ or souerane lord had entress 
{interest | therintill and protestit that he myt be admitted for 
ot souerane and protested gif the lordis procedit forther it 
suld not hurt the King.’’ A little later ‘‘ My lord thesaurar 


ce 


in ot Souerane lordis name askit ane note that Maister Walter 
Laing and Johne Ramsay as procuratoris for the tovne balzeis 
and commonte of Drumfress be ane sufficient procuratory 
He then asserted that the burgh 
had been in use of “ sittin of blude’’ within the town and 


9” 


under the common sele. 
produced the Instrument of Transumpt “‘ of certane rolmentis 


52 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XX., fol. 208-9. 
ENON Citron Gill, NO: soll, Dif 
4 Op. cit., Vol. XXII., fol. 81. 
53 Op. cit., Vols XXdl:, fol: 96; 


THe Raiw ar DumMrries on LAMMAS EVEN. 99 


berand the said balzies to haf sittin diuerss tymes upon blude 
and to haif affrmit courtis thervpon.’’°6 This instrument we 
have already described. 

On the following day Lord Crichton protested that 
nothing should be done to his injury in the case between him 
and the Crown as he had not been cited and ‘‘ this mater 


> 


was bot gevin in zesterday.’ 


ae 


Then Maister James Henderson, advocat for or 
souerane lord askit ane Note that he offerit him to preif be 
the lawis of the Realm that the tovne of Drumfreis had a 
ryt to sit on bludis wtin the tovne of Drumfreis, and that the 
lord crechton had not ryt therto becass his infeftment was in 
the Kingis nonage.’’” 

The reference is evidently to the confirmation charter of 
2zoth August, 1484, but why it should not be valid because 
it was granted by James III., and during the minority of 
James IV. is not apparent except upon the grounds that only 
the reigning King could do no wrong. 

The result of this incursion by the Crown was the further 
postponement of the affair to the roth of May, the prohibition 
upon both parties not to hold courts being renewed.°® On 
May 5th nothing appears, and although the Acts of the Lords 
of Council have been searched on to the middle of 1514, 
nothing further is heard of the matter. That we should not 
be able to produce a definite decision is much to be regretted, 
but what finally took place need not be in doubt. — It is 
obvious that the Crown supported the claims of the burgh, 
and when the town obtained its next charter (from James VI. 
in 1621) we find included definitely within its rights, ‘‘ In 
remembrance of the cair and paines taken be the saids provost 
and bailzies of the said burgh of Drumfress in repressing and 
abandoning all kinds of theft reif and oppressione and other 
crymes which usuallie fell out in these parts of old 
to them and their successors for ever the heretable office of 
Sherefship and cronnarie within the said burgh,’’ the provost 


56 MS. Acta Dom., Vol. XXII., fol. 96 et seq. 
57 Op. cit., Vol. XXII., fol. 99. 
58 Op. cit., Vol., XXII., fol. 100; vide Appendix: VII. 


100 Tue Rar at DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


being created sheriff and the bailies sheriff-deputes, with full 
powers to hold courts, appoint clerks, serjeants and demp- 
stars, and to fine and poind delinquents.5? Modern legis- 
lation has altered and exactly defined the powers of the 
Provost and magistrates with regard to criminal matters,® 
but the status of a Provost, holding also powers of Sheriff- 
ship, in administrative affairs, such as the making of Royal 
Proclamations, does not appear to be at all clear. Blood has 
been shed in many worse causes than this which we have 
fortunately so little reason to appreciate now. 

Exactly how cases of assault were dealt with during the 
years of interdict by the Lords of Council is not clear, and 
we have no Burgh Court books for the period. From 1519 
to 1537, for which period we have records, the burgh deals 
with cases of assault as it had previously done. We need 
only cite three cases :-— . 

January 17, 1519-20—‘‘ The samin daye George Sinklar 
is amerciamet of this cort for the wrangwss strikin of fiinlaye 
rechaine, dovm gevin be Jon Welche, and is ordanit to remane 
xxtiij houris in the tolbuycht for the trubill of the toun.”’ 

Last of February, 1519-20—‘‘ The samin daye Esbell 
Kaye hais previt lauchfully efter the tennor of ane act maid 
of befor that will of Kirk straik hyr wrangeosly and aganis 
the law and the said will is in amerciamet of this, dovm 
geffin be bristel lovre, the alderman and ballies ordanis the 


59 Copy in the vernacular, Burgh Charter Room. 


60 The reduction of the criminal jurisdiction of Royal Burghs 
has been a gradual one, not effected by direct legislation but by 
practice. The Jurisdiction Act, 20 George II., c. 48, specially pro- 
vided that any competent jurisdiction should be retained. An 
order of the Court of Justiciary (March 17th, 1827) regulated the 
conduct of proceedings against offenders, the technical formalities 
of which had the effect of diminishing the number of such trials 
and of accelerating their transference to the Sheriff. From these 
causes it is stated, in 1835, that ‘‘in practice burghal jurisdiction 
in criminal matters has nearly ceased to exist.’? (General Report 
of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into the State of Muni- 
cipal Corporations in Scotland, 1835, pp. 55, 67-8.) The Summary 
Procedure Act of 1867, by limiting the penalties that might be im- 
posed by magistrates, exactly defined their jurisdiction, and cases 
of serious assault now go before the Sheriff. 


THE Rarp at DuMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 101 


said Will to be expellit out of the toun failzeand therof that 
he that settis hym ony houss to paye to the said Esbell Kaye 
x ss and the said Wilzeam to be put xxiiij houris in the 
stokkis.”’ 

It is possible that these two cases were not of the aggra- 
vated nature of bluidwyts, though the severity of the punish- 
ments would indicate otherwise. It must be remembered 
that the magistrates might easily try and inflict punishment 
in such cases, being careful only to avoid reference to blood 
having been shed. For a definitely recorded case of blood- 
wit we must pass on to 23rd October, 1533: ‘‘ Quo die the 
inquest ordainis thom m’brayr to pay Johne howchaine for 
the drawin of the said Johneis blude v ss of money wtin term 
of law and the said thom is in amerciamet of the cort for the 
samin, dwme gevin be Watte Govrlaw.”’ 

We may note, without prejudice, that cases of serious 
riot, assault, and even murder within the burgh become very 
much more common after the Reformation. 

There was cause enough for the unsatis{actory dropping 
of the case before the Lords of Council. Larger issues were 
at stake and demanded their attention. Flodden, that dearly 
won victory on behalf of France, totally altered the aspect of 
affairs in Scotland. Directly, too, the case was affected by 
Flodden, for among those slain about their iron-belted King 
were Lord Maxwell and Lord Crichton,® and on the follow- 
ing day Sir William Douglas of Drumlanrig died “ 
field of war.’’8 Nicholas M‘Brair and John Fergusson of 
Craigdarroch® also disappear about this time; we know not 
if they too met their deaths on the same disastrous field. 


on the 


61 Based upon the English Flodden Gazette, where he appears 
as ‘‘le conte de Lancar.”’ 

62 Fifteenth Rep. Hist. MSS. Com., VUI., 14, 

63 “Thomas ffergusson son and air to John ffergusson is Infeft 
in Jerburgh, etc., Novr. 6, 1514, in the 3rd year of Pope Leo X. 
He obtained a Charter from Rob, Lord Crichton of Sanqr, Lord of 
the Barronie of Crawfordton to Jerburgh, etc., pro suis gratitu- 
dinibus bene meretis mihi multipliciter impressis, dated May 14, 
1508.”’ (MS. History of Dumfriesshire, by Rev. Peter Rae of Kirk- 
bride and Kirkconnel.) 


102 THe Raw at DuMrrRies ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


Such, as far as we can gather, was the Raid of Lammas 
Even, its cause and its conclusions. 

In writing this paper I have been greatly assisted in the 
transcribing and translating of the Latin documents by Mr 
Peter Marshall, M.A., who has my grateful acknowledg-. 


ments. 
APPENDIX I. 
THE BURGH AND THE SHERIFF 


The act is as follows: 27 April, 1536. ‘‘ The inquess deliueris 
and ordanis that geif it beis fundin in tyme cumin that ony ny¢hbor 
induellar fre or wntre callit ane wyther afoir the Sheriff for ony 
actione quhill thai be denyit justice be the oursmen that the saids 
compleinaris be expellit the tone for the space of ane zeir and not to 
occupy na pert of the fredom induring the said zeir.” In 1625 an 
action was heard by the Town Council, in which William Cartna 
accused John Marjoribanks of having summoned him before the 
Sheriff. This Marjoribanks denied and took oath, Cartna being 
fined for the slander: 13 June, 1525. ‘‘The samyn daye Johne 
Maxwell off Carnesellocht forspekar for Wille cartna in jugement 
accusit John meriorebanks that he suld haif causit the shereff officher 
till ateche the said Wille cartna to the Shereff cort and that he was 
thair vnlawit at the said Johne meriorebanks challace for falt of 
comperance off the qlk causing of ateching be the shereff officher 
forsaid the said Johne meriorebanks alluterly deniyit and_ oblist 
hym faithfully in presence of the alderman and ballies till pay the 
said Wille cartna vnlaw to the shereff the said Wille cartna makand 
oppinly kennyt and knawin that the said Johne meriorebanks causit 
the shereff officher forsaid to ateche hym to his challace to the said 
shereff cort. 

The samin day Johne meriorebanks deferrit till Wille 
cartna hands eff the shereff officher atechit him to the said Johne 
challace to the shereff cort or not the qlk the said Wille refusit and 
deferrit to the said Johne meriorebanks hands of the quhilk the 
said Johne maid faitht in jugement befor the alderman and balleis 
that he causit nocht Wille cartna to be atechit be the shereff 
officher to the sheref cort till his challace and the said Wille cartna 
is in amerciamet of the cort for the wranguss folloving of the samin, 
dovm gevin be John m‘brar.”’ 


; APPENDIX II. 
BURGH BUNDARY AT DALSCONE AND BROUNRIG. 
This affair must have caused disturbances for a considerable 


period. On 23rd Feb., 1483, we find Herbert M‘Braar pursuing 
William Maxwell, brother to George Maxwell of Carnesalloch, ‘“ for 


THE Rarip At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 103 


the wranewis spoliation and awaytaking of v oxin and ky out of the 
lands of Durresquen [Dalscone] fra the tennants duelling on the 
samyn.”? (Acta Auditorum.) 

The following is a transcription of the Decree of the Arbitrators 
from the original m the Burgh Charter Room, Dumfries. 
**Decreet of perambulatione anent the Lands of Brounrig betuixt 

the toun of Drumfries and the Laird of Carnsalloch,” dated 

llth January, 1518/19. Seals awanting. 

At Drumfress the alevin day of the moneth of Januar In the 
zeir of god ane thovsand fyve hundreth and achteine zeris We 
Johne charteris of amisfeld and Williame Maxwel broder of 
vmquhile ane honorable man Edward maxwel of tynwald and tutor 
of Edward maxwell his sone and are, Jugis arbitors and amable 
compositors chosin for the part of ane honorable man Johne maxwell 
of carnesallach; and John carruthers of holmends and John rig 
balze that tyme of the burgh of Drumfress, Juges arbitors and 
amable compositors chosin for the part of the hale communite of 
the said burgh of Drumfress, and robert Lord maxwell commonly 
chosin oursman; <Anents the perambulations decisioun and 
diuesioun of the meris and merches of certaine landis and mosses 
debatable betuix the said Johne maxwell of carnsallach apon the ta 
part and the said hale communite of drumfress apone the toder 
part wyt consent and assent of the said Johne maxwell of carn- 
sallach for him and his ayrs, and wyt consent and assent of ane 
worshipfull man Roger makbrar provest of Drumfress and of the 
hale communite of the said burgh for thame and thair successors 
pro mercis decretis de lineris and ordains that the dyke and 
swth ordaint be ws to be castin as the merks ar sett now be ws throw 
the moss est of to the lands of Dargavile salbe the merch betuix the 
lands and moss of Durisqwen pertenyng in heretage to the said 
lard of carnsalloch and to the comone lands and moss of the said 
burgh of Drumfress one that sowth part for evir: and at the moss 
lyand betuix the hardland and langbriggs pertenand to the said 
burgh of Drumfress and the lands of brovnrig pertenand to the 
said lard of carnsallach sal ly in commone for pasturing of the guds 
and catal of baith the saids perteis; and the said lard of carnsallach 
nor his ayrs sal tak na male fra ony induellar of the said burgh for 
the said moss in tyme to cum bot quhar he tuk it of befor And it 
salbe lefull to the said communite and thar successors to cast petis 
in the said moss and to brok it at thar avin plesors fre but ony male 
in tyme to cum as said is And siclik to the said lard of carnsallach 
and to his ayres and tenents; And at all the hardland on the est 
syde of the said moss sal pertene in heretage to the said lard of 
carnsalloch and to his ayrs for euir in tyme to cum, And at all the 
hardland one the west syde of the said moss sal pertene in propirte 
to the said burgh for euir in tyme of Drumfress; and the forsaids 
things to all and sindry quhar it offeris we mak knawin be this ot 
present decreet. In witness of the quhilk thing to thir o? present 


104 Tue Rarw At DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


lettres predicaid, we, the saids John charters of amisfeld, William 
maxwell, John caruthers of holmends and John rig balze of Drum- 
fress, Juges arbitors and amable compositors forsaids, and robert 
lord maxwell, oursman, has affixt our selis, togidder wyt the selis 
of the said Johne maxwell of carnsallach, and of the commone sele 
of the said burgh of Drumfress In taking of thar consents and 
assents, day, month, zeir and place forsaid. 


APPENDIX III. 
THE BURGH AND LORD MAXWELL. 


‘“The seeret consale chosin and suorn befoir my lord maxwell the 
xxvij day of may in the zeir of God Jajve xxij zeris for the 
common wele of the gude toun. 

Roger m‘brair alderman Cuthbert mtbyrne lNduard Jonstoun 


John rig balze Robert patriksorn’ Thom m‘clarin 
Dauid newall balze Thomas cunygham Thom [, j 
John maxwell David cunygham Robin edzair 
Ad. Wallace William welsche James lawdir 
herbert patriksone John bate John corsbe 


William bryss 

The samyn daye the secret consale fornamit be the awiyss of 
my lord maxwele in Jugement sittand hais statuit and ordanit that 
all fremen and inhabitants in the burgh of Drumfress for the 
common wele and singulair proffett of the samyn that na man 
dissobey the officiars and ministars of justice; that it sall not be 
lefull to na fre man to causs nor solist na perty to burgh nor land 
to cum in the contrary [of| the ministars of justice and thair 
decrets acts and sentence, and quhen the ministars of justice and 
officiars procediss in the executen of thair office be the precepts cf 
thair office and thair witness men, that na manyr of man to burghe 
nor land be thair maenyt perty cum in thair contrair vndir ex- 
pelling of thaim of the burghe, tynsale of thair fredoume and 
putting of thar personis in preson. 

The samyn daye my lord maxwele present in jugement suorn 
in the presence of the secret consale that giff ony man to burgh 
or land dissobeys the ministars of justice and thair office in the 
execution of justice and quhat tym the saids ministars of justice 
menys thaim to the said lord of ony perticular person to burgh or 
land beand Inobedient to the qlk thai may not minister justice that 
the said lord sall wyt his kyn and frends pas apon thaim and bring 
thaim, he beand present and the perteis be thai not present, alss 
sone as thai can be apprenhendit wytin the toun, that he sall 
be redy and bring thaim to justice. 

The samin daye it is statuit and ordanit be the said lord and 
secret console that quhen the common bell beijs rung that all 
maner of man and ny¢bours inhabitants of the burghe for the tyme 
cum incontinent to the prowest and bailliez of the samin; cum to 


THE Raip aT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EveEN. ~ 105 


the tolbuyth stair; quhilk bell sall not be rung wytowt ane greit 
causs, the prowest and ane bailze beand present; vnder the paine 
of xviij ss and his persoun to be punist at the will of the said 
consale. 

The samin daye it is statuit and ordanit be the said secrete 
consale that the alderman baillies and officiars and all nychbours of 
the said burghe that ilk man be redy on the merkett day wyt 
thair geyr apon thaim and thair sufficient wappynis in thair 
buychts redy to pas wyt the saids alderman and balliez to resist 
ony pertyss doand ony truble wytin the toun quhilk prowest and 
balliez sall keep the said merkett daye vnder the panis contenit 
in the statuts of befoir.’’ 


APPENDIX IV. 


Protest by Nicholas M‘Brair, Provost of Dumfries, against Robert 
Lord Crichton of Sanquhar, July 31, 1508. Original Holo- 
graph Instrument, Burgh Record Room, Dumfries. 

In Nomine domini Amen per hoc presens publicum instru- 
mentum cunctis pateat euidenter quod Anno ab _ incarnatione 
-eiusdem millesimo quingentesimo octauo mensis vero Julij die 
vitimo’ Indictione vndecima pontificatusque sanctissimi in cristo 
patris et domini nostri domini Julij diuina prouidentia pape secundi 
anno quinto Coram honorabili viro Johanne crechtoun de hartwoud 
certo deputato nobilis domini Roberti domini crechtoun de Sanqu- 
hair vicecomitis principalis de Drumfreis pro tribunali sedente in 
tolloneo dicti burgi In nostrorum notariorum publicorum et 
testium subscriptorum presentia personaliter comperuit honora- 
bilis vir nicholaus m‘brair prepositus de Drumfreis ac procurator 
et prelocutor totius communitatis dicti burgi et in forma sub- 
scripta prelibatum dominum deputatum in wlgari sic ut sequitur 
allocutus est: Sht zour offichar says that he hais arrestit ane part 
of the nychburris of Drumfreis to this court for bluyd the quhilk 
bluyd of the nychburris of Drumfreis the correctioun and punycioun 
tharof pertenis to the alderman and bailzeis and ourismen of the 
said burgh and thai haue beih in wse of the correctioun thairof be 
the space of thre hundret zeris but ony impediment of ony sheref or 
depute that buyr office in that tyme, that is to say outhir Shr 
thomas of kyrkpatrik Sht Robert of crechtoun Eduard of crechtoun 
or ony wtheris that buyr office of sherefschip or deputschip and 
the bluyd of the nycburris of Drumfreis perteinis in heritagis to 
Drumfreis and to the ourismen of the samyn. Et tune medio tem- 
pore prelibatus dominus deputatus sibi nychalao preposito antedicto 
in plana curea respondit in hunc modum qui sequitur in wlgari: Shr 
alderman, I declair and certifeis to zou that the bluyd of Drumfreis 
pertenis to my lord crechtoun of fhe sanquhair sheref principale of 
Drumfreis in heritagis and is his heritagis quham to I am depute 
-and I in my lordis name will determine thair wpone. Quibus sic per 
dictum dominum deputatum dictis et recitatis prefat[t]us 


106 Tue Raip AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


nycholaus prepositus antedictus hec verba subsequentia in wlgari 
protulit: sene ze, sheref depute, sais and allegis that the bluyd of 
Drumfreis is heritages to my lord crechtoun of the sanquhair 
quhame to ze are depute as sheref principale of Drumfreis he and 
ze are suspect Jugis till ws And wpone law may nocht sytt thair 
wpone becauss ze manifest and schawis zt self pertie and pretendis. 
to be Jugis till our fee and heritagis of the blud of Drumfreis And 
correctioun of the samyn the quhilk correctioun our predecessoris. 
and we hais wsitt all tymes bigane And neuer naine sheref of Drum- 
freis attour the mynd of man; Heirfor, shT notaris, in the name and 
of the behalf of the haill comunitee of this burgh of Drumfreis I 
excep eganis the said Sheref and his depute that heir is present 
and declynis tham as Jugis in this mater and actioun of bluyd And 
impungnis all process lede or to be lede be thaim or ony ane of 
thaim in this actioun of bluyd And appelis till our souerane lord 
the kyng for the causs and correctioun of the said sheref deput 
maid of befoir and protestis quhat euer the said sheref or his deput 
that heir is present or any wtheris of his deputis dois in the contrar 
of ws and our fredome turne ws or oF freedome to nane preiudice 
considerane we are and ay of predecessors hais bein in ws and 
possessioun of the correctioun of the said bluyd and that we may 
have Remeid of law of all process lede or to be lede in the said 
actioun of bluyd At of souerane lord the Kingis hand as our 
immediat superior. Super quibus omnibus et singulis premisses sic 
dictis gestis et Recitatis prelibatus nycholaus prepositus antedictus 
ac procurator et prelocutor totius communitatis de drumfreis ante- 
dictus nobis notariis publicis subscriptis sibi fieri petiit publicum 
et publica instrumentum et instrumenta Acta erant hec apud Drum- 
freis in tolloneo eiusdem hora quasi nonena ante meridiem vell ea 
circa sub anno die mense Indictione et pontificatu quibus supra. 
Presentibus ibidem magistro herberto gledstanis rectore de Drun- 
nock willelme cunynghame et dauid welch burgensibus de Drum- 
freis Willelmo Dalzele de eodem Johanne carmychell filio et herede 
Willelmi carmychell de eodem et Domino Johanne Steynsone 
capellano ac notario publico testibus ad premissa vocatis. 

Et ego Johannes makhome presbiter diocesis glasguensis publi- 
cus auctoritatibus apostolica imperiali et regia notarius premissis 
omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur fierent dicerentur et 
agerentur unacum notariis subscriptis et testibus superscriptis 
presens personaliter interfui eaque omnia et singula premissa sic 
fierl scivi vidi et audivi ac in notam unacum notariis subscriptis 
cepi Et exinde hoe presens publicum instrumentum alterius manu 
fideliter scriptum confeci et publicavi signoque nomine meis solitis 
et consuetis signav1 rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium 
omnium et singulorum premissorum. 

[Here follow. in similar terms, the attestations of Rogerus 
m‘gilhauch, presbiter of Carlisle [?] and Johannes Durane, curate 
of Glasgow, with their respective paraphs. } 


THE Rar at Dumrries on Lammas Even. 107 


APPENDIX V. 


“Transumpt and extract of certanne bluids and ryetes furth of the 
burrow cort buiks of Drumfreis be thtin subscryvand notary, 
1509.” _Holograph Instrument, Burgh Record Room, Seals 
awanting. 

“In nomine domini Amen per hoc presens publicum Instru- 
mentum siue publicum transumptum Cunctis pateat Euidenter et 
sit notum quod anno ab Incarnatione eiusden millesimo quin- 
gentesimo nono mensis vero maij die quinto, Indictione duodecima 
pontificatusque sanctissimi in cristo patris et domini nostri Julij 
diuina prouidentia pape secundi anno sexto: Coram venerabili ¢t 
circumspecto viro domino archibaldo nycht vicario de trailflat certo 
deputato venerabilissimi et egregii viri magistri hugonis grenlaw 
commisserij Reuerendissimi in cristo patris et domini domini Jacobi 
miseracione divina glasguensis archiepiscopi infra pertes de nyt, 
etc., pro tribunali sedente in ecclesia fratrum minorum de drum- 
freis loco Judiciali: In Nostrum notariorum publicorum et testium 
subscriptorum presentia personaliter comperuit prouidus vir adam 
wallass balliuus burgi de drumfreis habens et tenens in manibus 
suis quoddam certum Registrum siue librum curie burgalis de 
Drumfreis in quoquidem Registro siue libro ut ipse asseruit con- 
tinebantur certa acta sanguinis preposito balliuis et communitati 
burgi antedicti necessaria ad producendum eadem vell eorundem 
publicum et actentitum transumptum coram Dominis consilii 
supremi domini nostri Regis ad Rimandum et dilucidandum Rei 
veritatem penes Jus et Juris clameum proprietate et possessione 
sanguinis opidanorum de Drumfreis In actione sanguinis mota et 
coram dictis dominis consilii pendente indecisa inter nobilem et 
potentem virum Robertum dominum crechtoun de Sanquhair 
vicecomitem principalem de Drumfreis ab una, et dictos prepositum 
balliuos et communitatem burgi antedicti parte ab altera: 
Quequidem acta in Judicio coram dicto domino deputato nobisque 
notariis publicis subscriptis in medium produxit et eadem acta 
medio tempore idem balliuus Reuerentia qua decuit in Judicio 
perlegi copiari transumi exemplari et in publicam transumpti 
formam per nos notarios publicos subscriptos Redigi petiit effectauit 
et desiderauit: Quorumquiden actorum tenores sequuntur et sunt 
tales: The bowrow curt of Drumfreis haldin the xvj. day of the 
monet of maij the zeir of god ane thousand four hundret liiij zeris 
sutis callit the court affermit etc. The quhilk day it is funding be 
ane inqueist that Johne of Aceine is in ane bluyduit, etc.; The 
borow curt haldin at Drumfreis the xvj day of the moneth of merch 
the zeir of god ane thousand four hundret lxxiij zeris, ete.: The 
quhilk day it is funding be ane inqueist that Johne of laudir and 
Dauid Maxwell ar in ane bluyduit and in ane wnlaw for the 
drawin of andro burnis bluyd doym gevin be mathow padzane: 
The bowrow curt haldin at Drumfreis the xxiij day of Nouember 1m 


108 Tue Rar AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


the zeir of god befoir writtin ete. The quhilk day it is fundin 
be ane inquest that nycoll of hwtoun is in the wrang and the 
bluiduit in the actioun mouit betuix mertyne pottar and him. 
The curt haldin at Drumfreis the xxij of the moneth of Nouember 
in the zeir of god befoir writtin, etc.; The quhilk day syme donald- 
sonis wif is in ane wnlaw and ane bluyduit doyme gevin be pait 
m¢kee: The borow curt of the burgh of Drumfreis haldin in the 
tolbuyt of the samin befoir the alderman and bailzeis the Xxvij 
day of the monet of Junij in the zeir of god etc Ixxxj the curt 
affermit sutis callit absentes sunt hij. The samyn day Robert of 
homyltoun is in ane merciamet of the curt for the wranguss 
drawin of Donald mé¢credis bluyd and ane mendis to be maid to the 
said Donald wtin terme of law the quhilk mendis is ordanit be 
counsale of the houss x ss and of that to pay v s wtin xv dais and the 
totheris v s to pay be the ruydmes dome gevin be Duncane mer- 
+ynsone; The borow curt of Drumfreis haldin the tolbuyt of the 
samyn befoir the alderman and balzeis the fyft of the moneth of 
Junij in the zeir of god ane thousand and four hundret fourschor 
and twa zeris. The samyn day Johne of meligane is fund fer the 
distribulance of the tovn and the wranguss drawin of farlinis bluyd 
and ane mendis to be made to the pertie and in ane merciament 
of the curt doyme gevin be Jok haliday ete.; The borow curt 
haldin in the tolbuyt of Drumfreis befoir the alderman and bailzeis 
of the samyn the last day of merch in the zeir of god etc. Ixxxiiij 
curt affermit sutis callit absentes sunt hij the samin day thome of 
burne wes ordaint till acquyit him lauchfullie at the nixt curt that 
he straik not nor drew esot m¢egilhauchis bluyd the wif of nycoll of 
burne wtin the place quhair schw and the said nicoll duelt ete. ; 
The heid curt of the burgh of Drumfreis haldin in the tolbuyt of 
the samyn befoir the alderman and bailzeis of the samin the xvjj 
day of the moneth of Januar in the zeir of god ane thousand four 
hundret four scor and vj zers curt affermit sutis callit absentes 
sunt hij; The samyn day thome of hwtoun is in ane merciamet of 
the curt for the wranguss drawin of Robert of homyltouns bluyd 
doyme gevin be pawtoun of corssane; The witsonday curt haldin in 
the tolbuyth of Drumfreis befoir the alderman and bailzies of the 
samyn the xx} day of the monet of maij in the zeir of god ane 
thousand [four hundred] iiij scor and vij zeris curt affermit sutis 
callit absentes sunt hij. The samyn day John bensone acquit him 
lauchfullie that he coyme noti wpone Johne M‘Creye and straik 
him not wiolentlie and drew not his bluyd and the said Johne 
makereye is in ane merciamet and ane bluiduit dome gevin be 
gilbert walkar. The borow curt haldin in the tolbuyt of Drum- 
freis befoir the bailzeis of the samyn the xiij day of the monet of 
nouember the zeir of god ane thousand iiij hundret lxxxix zeris. 
The samyn day Hsobell mark offerit hir to preif lauchfullie at the 
nixt curt that cristiane herroun wranguslie straik hir and drew hir 
of ane leddir quhair shw was seruand nycoll andersone quhair he 


THE Rain at DuMmrFrRigs ON Lammas Even. 109 


theikaris; the gyldyne pryme haldin befoir the deyne and buailzeis 
in the tolbuyt of Drumfreis the xxij day of the monet of Januar 
the zeir of god etc. 1xxxix zeris curt affermit sutis callit absentes 
sunt hij; the samyn day it ordanit andro patriksone till acquyit 
him lauchfullie at the nixt curt that he straik not thome wilsonis 
wif wranguslie nor drew not hir bluyd and of the wranguss takin 
of her guyd that is to say a stand. The borow curt haldin in the 

- tolbuyt of Drumfreis befoir the bailzeis of the samyn the penult 

day of the monet of maij in the zeir of god ane thousand ilij 

[hundred] nyntie and iiij zeris curt affermit sutis callit absentes 

sunt hij; The samyn day Daue blak is in a merciament of the curt 

for the wrangus tribulance of thome blakwoud and drawin of ane 
knyfe till him and said thomes xx s to be pait that is to say vs 
wtin terme of law and the laif at the syt of the toun betwix this 
and lammes dome gevin be Robert homyltoun; The borow curt 
haldin in the tolbuyt of Drumfreis befoir the alderman and bailzeis 
of the samyn the xvi day of the monet of nouember in the zeir of 
god ane thousand iij¢ nyntie and iiij zeris curt affermit sutis callit 
absentes sunt hij; The samyn day daue corsbye is in a merciament 
of the curt as he that falit in his acquittance to the quhilk he wes 
assignit the last curt quhair for he is ordanit be the toun in x s of 
amends to be pait to besse blakwoud at thir termes wnder writtin 
that is to say v s at zuyll and v s at fasternis eyne becauss he 
drew besse blakwouds bluyd, doyme gevin be Johne of how. Et 
nos vero notarij infra scripti attendentes desiderum dicti balliuui 
prejustum et rationi consonum omnia et singula prescripta acta in 
Judicio perlegimus copiavimus exemplavimus et in hance publicam 
transumpti formam Redegimus ac ut veritas maius luceret et vt 
tanta fides adhibeatur huic presenti transcripto sicut originalibus 
actis dictus Dominus deputatus sigillum commisseriatus de nyt 
coram nobis notarijs publicis subscriptis huic presenti transcripto 
appendit. Super quibus omnibus et singulis premissis actis factis 
gestis et Recitatis prelibatus balliuus a nobis notarijs publicis sub- 
scriptis sibi fieri petiit publicum instrumentum siue publicum trans- 
sumptum. Acta erant hec in ecclesia fratrum minorum de Drum- 
freis in loco Judiciali eiusdem hora quasi decima ante meridiem sub 
anno die mense indictione pontificatu  quibus supra _ presentibus 
ibidem venerabilibus et circumspectis viris dominis Johanne symsone 

Johanne lauchlinsone et stephano ameligane capellanis; Jone greir- 

sone willelmo mebrair nycholao purdoun willelmo gilhespie laicis, 

thoma welch et herberto dwne clericis testibus ad premissa vocatis 
pariter et Rogatis. 

Et ego Johannes makhomme presbiter diocesis glasguensis publicus 
auctoritatibus apostolica imperiali et Regia Notarius prescrip- 
torum actorum perlectorum copiatorum exemplatorum et tran- 
sumptorum, certisque omnibus et singulis premissis dum sic vt 
premittitur fierent dicerentur et agerentur unacum prenomina- 
tis testibus presens personaliter interfui vnacum notariis publicis ~ 


110 Tue Rarw AT DUMFRIES ON LAMMAS EVEN. 


subscriptis. Eaque omnia et singula premissa sic fieri sciui vidi 
et audiui ac tum notariis presentibus subscriptis in notam 
sumpsi et exinde hoc presens publicum transumptum manu 
alterius fideliter scriptum confeci et publicavi signoque nomine 
meis solitis et consuetis signavi Rogatus et Requisitus in fidem 
et testimonium veritatis omnium et singulorum premissorum. 
[Here follow in similar terms the attestations of David Makgee, 
presbiter of the diocese of Glasgow, and John Durane, curate of 
Glasgow, with their respective paraphs. ] 


APPENDIX VI. 


‘‘ Protestation the proveist of Drumfreis against ane act of coun- 
sall in favours of the lord Sanq’ sheriff anent the bluid wytts 
in Drumfreis. 18509.’’—Holograph document, Burgh Record 
Room, Dumfries. 

Apud Edinburg duodecemo die mensis maii Anno domini mille- 
simo quingentesimo nono In dominorum consilii S. D. N. Regis 
subscriptorum presentia pro tribunali sedentium viz. Reuerendis- 
simi Reuerendique in cristo patris Jacob] archiepiscopi glasguensis 
Willelmi episcopi aberdonensis nobilium et: prepotentum dominorum 
Ade Comitis de boithuil Willelmi Comitis de Errole venerabilium 
in cristo patris Johannis prioris sancti andree Georgei abbatis de 
Arbroith potentium etiam dominorum Jacob] domini ogiluye David 
domini Kennedye magistri gawini dunbar Archidiaconi sancti 
andree cleric] Registr} Robertj coluile de vchiltre directoris can- 
cellarie necnon magistrorum Jacobi hendersoun clerici Justicie et 
Willelmi Wallace officialis landonie [?] etc. 

Quo die In presentia dictorum dominorum consilii pro tribunali 
sedentium comperuit discretus vir Nicholaius m‘braar aldermannus 
de drumfreis et Ibidem solempniter protestabat quod quicquid actum 
seu factum fuerit per prefatos dominos consilii inter communitatem 
et burgum de drumfreis et Robertum dominum Crechtoun vice- 
comitem de drumfreiss penes perpetatem [proprietatem ?] tencionis 
curiarum sanguinis alias blede wittis in predicto burgo, non cederet 
ipse quid [dicto?] burgo dampno aliquo aut eis preiudicaret ; ex eo 
quod ut asseruit prefatus Nicholaius dicta communitas non admisit 
predicatos dominos consilii in judices si recto dominio huius (?) 
actionis sed solum super possessione eiusdem: Et si quibus Idem 
Nicholaius notam petijt Acta in pretorio burg] de Edinburgh hora 
nona ante meridiem aut ea circa sub anno die et mense quibus 
supra. 


Johannes Murray n.p. 


APPENDIX VII. 


‘For the blude of Drumfress.’’ Holograph document, Burgh 
Record Room, Dumfries. 
At Edinburgh the xxviij day of marche the zeire of god 


THE Rarp at DuMFRIES ON LamMMAS EVEN. lll 


Jm ve and xi [sic] zers The Lordis of Counsale continewis the 
actioune ande mater depending betuix Robert Lord Crechtoune of 
Sanquhar on the ta pert and the alderman balliez and commonte 
of the toune of Drumfreiss on the tother part tuiching the haldin 
of courts apoun blude within the said burgh and vyther puncts as 
is contenit in the acts made therapon of befor on the x day of maij 
nixt to cum with continuatioun of days in forme as it is now but 
preiudice of perty And ordains bayt the saids pertiis to produce sik 
ryts as thai will vse in the said mater agane the said day And in 
the meyntyme suspends thame bayt fra ony halding of courts apon 
blude wtin the said burgh the said lords personally present And the 
said alderman balliez and commonte compirand be maister walter 
layng and John Ramsay thair procuratouris and ar warnit herof 
apud acta &c Extractum de libris actorum per me magistrum 
gawinum Dunbar archidiaconum sanctiandre clericum Rotulorum 
Registri ac consilii supremi domini nostri regis sub meis signo et 
subscriptione manualibus. 
Gawinus dunbar. 


A Unique Example of the National Covenant of 1638.* 
By G. W. SHIRLEY. 


, Historians have directed so much minute research to the 
Covenanting period, and the details regarding the National 
League and Covenant of 1638 have been so frequently ex- 
plicated, that a genuine discovery, which, though not of 
prime moment, is yet of considerable significance, was hardly 
to be looked for at this late date. As is well known, there 
are many examples of the National Covenant of 1638, for, in 
addition to the Covenant signed in Greyfriars’ Churchyard 
on February 28 of that year, about sixty others have been 
preserved. Some of these specimens were distributed from 
Edinburgh and bear the signatures of the leaders, others 
were written by notaries and schoolmasters in places far dis- 
tant and were signed by local lairds, ministers, and 
parishioners. All those hitherto recorded have been copies 
in manuscript on parchment or paper. Some are beautifully 
written, as, for example, the framed specimen exhibited in 
the Laigh Parliament House, with its initial letters in gold, 
while others are in poor and crabbed hands. So familiar 


* The larger portion of this notice appeared in The Glasgow 
Herald, January 31st, 1914. 


112 Tue NationaL CovENANT OF 1638. 


have the manuscript examples become that no suspicion of 
the Covenant having been printed contemporaneously, except 
in pamphlet form, has been aroused. 

A printed copy, however, has now come to light. For 
some generations it has lain, with two other examples of the 
National Covenant, in the charter chest of the Maxwells of 
Cardoness, and is exhibited at this meeting by favour of Sir 
William and Lady Maxwell. The document has just been 
framed between double sheets of glass, but prior to that it 
had been attached at the foot to a wooden roller, which was 
received by a piece of wood hollowed to the shape of a half- 
cylinder, to which the topmost sheet was nailed. The Cove- 
nant is of vellum, in three portions, which had become 
separated. The three parts are in an excellent state of pre- 
servation, a small portion of the margin only having been 
torn away. The upper portion measures 19 3-5 in. by 14 2-5 
in. ; the middle part is the longest, 21 4-5 in., and of the same 
width as the upper part. The third part is the smallest, 
5 2-5 in. deep, slightly narrower than the other sections, and 
it is of a different and thicker skin. 4 

The first two parts bear the text. This is beautifully 
printed in double columns, the heading being tastefully set 
out and the whole surrounded by a floreated border, which 
is of double breadth at the top and bottom. The text is 
continuous on both sheets, running down the left column 
to the foot of the second sheet before passing to the right 
column, but, though specially examined, there is nothing to 
show whether the sheets were joined before being printed or 
were printed separately. From border to border the printing 
is 114 in. broad throughout and 17 3-5 in. long on the upper 
sheet and 164 in. long on the second. 

Following the familiar course in such cases, there is a 
signature, ‘‘ J. Coupar,’’ written across the juncture of the 
two sheets to show their continuity. The text is of the usual 
character, varying but slightly from that given by Dr 
Hewison in The Covenanters. No place of printing or name 
of printer is given. The third sheet appears to have been 
added after the bottom of the second sheet had been filled 
with signatures that still more might be subscribed. 


THE NATIONAL COVENANT OF 1638. 113 


It might have been doubted if the printing was con- 
temporaneous were it not for the genuine holograph signa- 
tures. On the left hand margin of the first sheet appear 
‘““ Rothess, Montrose (a very clear subscription), Eglintoun, 
Cassellis, Lennox, Wemyss, Lothian, Lindesay, Dalhousie, 
Yester, Elcho, Johnstoun, Kirkcudbright ’’; at the foot of the 
second sheet are the following signatures :? Garthland; 
Dundas off that Ik; Cunninghamheid; A®rskine off Duns; 
W. Rig of Sltherrey [?]; William Grahame of hiltoun; W. 
Riddell; J. [2] Murray ; W. Moore, apearand of Rowallane; 
J. Cokburne, Clerkintyne, younger; William Welche [?], 
M.A.; Sr J. [?] Murray; Robert hamylton of Binning; 
St W. [?] Foulis, fear of Colintoun; Sr W. [?] Rowallane; 
Alext m‘dowall off Logane; W. Cochrane of Cowtoun [?]; 
J R. for J. T. R.] of merland; Sr J. [?] Fowstoun [ ?]; 
Patrick Lissweis [?]; James Hamelton, belstene; Alexander 
Mackie, Sr P. M‘Kie of Larg; Alexander Gordowne of 
erlistoune; M. [?] Gibsone, durie; R. Naper of Culcreuche ; 
J. Grier [?] of Monzie; Hew M‘dowall of Knockglas ; Patrik 
m‘dowall of Creichane; Sr B. [?] Samingtoune, Mirtinrig ; 
Johnne Ker; Lethim of etheringholme; T. Shaw of Cauers ; 
W. dowglas of Redheide; Craigdarroughe; G. Douglas of 
penzery; Lyon; Sr E. B. Sempill, beltreis; J. Dowglais, 
scheref of roxburghe. 

The third sheet is filled with names :—Ogiluy [?] of 
Inchmartrie ; James Ross of balneill ; Johne Ramsay of eding- 
toune; [ ] hamilton [ ]; J. Broune off Carseleuth ; 
Fergus Kennedy ; Gilbert Kennedie; Johnne Gordoun of Car- 
dynes; Dauid Kennedy ; Jon Gordone; J. Turnbull of Mynto; 
William Menteath of Randifurd; [ ] Rutheris [?]; Sr 
D. Campbell, Sr J. [?] Greir; Jo Pringill of Stittchell; W. 
Menzies; Arthur Airsken; Sr J. Drummond of Machaine; 
[ ] Braco; [ ]; Burnett of Leyis; Sr G. Ramsay, 
ballmeine ; Robert Ker; Ja Creichtoune ; W. Gordoun of Shir- 
mers; harie Elphinstoune off Caderhall; Killmahei; Wmphra 


2 I have failed to decipher a few of the signatures entirely, 
and throughout the Christian names have given great difficulty 
and, in certain cases, may be inaccurate. 


114 THe NATIONAL COVENANT OF 1638. 


‘Colquhoune of Ballbey ; W. Sandelandis ; Patrik hepburne of 
Wauchtune; Johne M‘Kie of glassoche; Jas. Stewart of 
-corsuall; [ ] of Craigcaskie [?]; Bancharay; Johne 
Wausz; Robert hamiltone; J. Gordoun of Awchlane; M. H. 
[?] Charteris; Alexr Scott; Daniell hay, finlamont; J. Knox, 
wrytter; Alexander M‘Kie; R. Scott of Woll; Duncan 
craford off Drumphi [ ? ]. 

Altogether there are one hundred and two subscriptions. 
The only indication as to date is that the parchment does not 
bear the Glasgow Determination, and it is therefore likely 
that the document was printed and signed prior to the Glas- 
gow Assembly of November, 1638. 

The appearance of this interesting memorial raises many 
‘questions. It is scarcely conceivable that only one copy of 
the print was pulled. The expense and trouble of setting up 
so lengthy a document does not warrant such a conjecture. 
But if other copies were printed, where have they disappeared 
to and how can their total loss be accounted for? Further- 
more, why, with printed copies available, should notaries and 
sschoolmasters have toiled with these long lines of manuscript? 
It has not been hinted that there is anything especially pre- 
latic about a printed sheet. 

From what press was it issued? It was the work of no 
mean printer. Whoever he was, he has studied the appear- 
ance of the work as a whole, balanced it well, and freed it of 
almost all typographical error. It is a comely, pleasing, 
almost impressive piece of typography. 

One may be permitted to indicate by what means it has 
come to be preserved at Cardoness. We have, in the first 
place, the signature of John Gordon, the then proprietor. 
Turning to the other two Covenants preserved in the charter 
chest, one of which is of the usual vellum type, written 
locally, and signed by the parishioners of Minnigaff, and the 
other, a long roll of paper with signatures duplicating those 
on the vellum specimen,? we find that the first name on both 
is that of Mr William Maxwell, who had then just commenced 


5 A description and list of signatures of these Covenants will 
‘be found among the Exhibits under date December 12th, 1913. 


THE NATIONAL COVENANT OF 1638. 115 


his ministry at Minnigaff. He had a long connection with 
the Covenanters, and in 1662 was deprived of his living for 
refusing to conform. His son was the gallant Colonel 
William Maxwell, who on June 30, 1685, boldly stood by the 
side of Argyle on the scaffold and followed his body to the 
Magdalen Chapel, and for whom William of Orange con- 
ceived a warm affection, presenting him with a ring contain- 
ing his hair and portraits of himself and his Queen by 
Kneller. He it was, too, who acted as Governor of Glasgow 
-during the rebellion of 1715, and on whom the Town Council 
bestowed a service of silver ‘‘ as a mark of the town’s favour 
and respect towards him,’’ he having “‘ left his own family 
and countrey, above 70 miles distant from this place, at the 
desire of the Magistrates and Chiefs of the inhabitants.”’ 
Colonel Maxwell married Nicolas Stewart of Castle-Stewart, 
grand-daughter of the Earl of Galloway, and _ heiress, 
through her mother, of Cardoness. Thus, either through his 
father or his wife, Colonel Maxwell may have come into pos- 
session of these documents. In the same charter chest was 
preserved, it may be noted, that other Covenanting document 
-of historical value, The Minute Book of the War Committee 
of the Covenanters in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, 
1640-1, published by J. Nicholson at Kirkcudbright in 1855. 


16th January, 1914. 
Chairman—Mr Hueu S. Griapstone, President. 


Plant Superstitions. 
By S. Arnott, F.R.H.S. 


[Mr Arnott, in an interesting manner, recounted many of 
‘the popular beliefs attached to particular plants, drawing his 
«matter from widely distributed sources and districts. He 
illustrated his paper with a number of lantern slides of the 
various plants. ] 


116 EXCAVATIONS AT KIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 


oO0th January, 1914. 
Chairman—Mr S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., V.-P. 


Further Excavations at the King’s Castle, 
Kirkcudbright. 


By JosEPpH Rosison. 


When I had the honour, last year, of reading a paper 
to the members of this Society on the results of the excava- 
tions at the site of the King’s Castle of Kirkcudbright, the 
operations had brought to light the east and north towers, 
with the portcullis gateway between, a smaller tower to the 
rear of the north tower, and a large section of the curtain 
wall on the west. The east tower was excavated on the 
inside, as was also the inside of the north tower,. 
enabling us to get accurate measurements, and many 
interesting discoveries were made. The _ excavations. 
were resumed in the month of September of last year, 
and it is the result of these operations that your cour- 
teous secretary, Mr Shirley, has done me the honour of asking 
to lay before you. A start was made with the continuation 
of the western curtain wall, which was found to be entire with: 
the exception of one break ten feet wide, which turned out 
afterwards to have a significant bearing on the extent of the 
west tower. The contour of this mound was carefully noted. 
before the ground was cut into, but before dealing with this. 
point it will be better to give details as to the western curtain. 
wall. This wall was found to be 8 ft. 6 in. wide. It termi- 
nated at a narrow point, and working round this was found 
the north wall of a passage, which again terminated at the- 
inside of the curtain wall. Working across the front of the 
passage, the south wall was found, the passage proving to be- 
5 feet wide, and here a most interesting discovery was made,, 
which was the finding of the bolt of the door which had stood. 
there. It was in a very good state of preservation. The 
line was continued, and it was found that the southern curtain: 
wall also tapered off to a comparatively narrow point. This 
curtain wall was excavated on the outside, and was found to» 


EXCAVATIONS AT KIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 117 


have a break in it at the same distance from the centre of 
the passage as the break already noted in the west curtain 
wall. On the other side of this break, although all masonry 
had disappeared, the line of the wall could easily be traced. 
A trench was next cut on the inside of the south curtain wall, 
but the faced building had disappeared, with the exception of 
one large stone, which afterwards turned out to abut on the 
entrance to the south tower. Along the whole of the inner 
line of the southern curtain wall was found a thick layer of 
clay, no doubt the floor of the apartments abutting on the 
wall. This south curtain wall was found to be g ft. 6 in. 
thick. Attention was then directed to the large mound at the 
river front, on which was conjectured to have stood the largest 
tower of all. A series of trenches was cut on the outside, and 
although there was abundant evidence of building material, 
still not one faced stone was found. Fortunately the de- 
spoilers had not disturbed, at least to any extent, the bed 
of the outside course, and this was easy to follow. The mass 
of packing stones continued right round the front, and where 
lost the lime bed proved an invaluable guide. The trenches 
were continued on the inside, and here it was found that the 
stones had almost entirely disappeared, but again the lime 
beds were strongly in evidence, indeed more so than in any 
other part of the building. There was, however, a space of 
five feet where there was not the slightest trace of stone or 
lime, and this proved to have been the continuation of the 
passage which had already been discovered on the outside, 
and where, in addition to the bolt of the door, part of a spiral 
staircase was found. The passage had thus extended right 
across the tower from the inside to the angles formed by the 
west and south curtain walls. The conclusion come to seems 
to be irresistible, that the outer and inner faces of this tower 
formed one huge buttress, with the passage in the centre, and 
that this buttress rose to the height of the passage, at the 
inner end of which would be a spiral staircase to the upper 
rooms and battlements. Measurements were made, which 
showed the tower to have had the extraordinary diameter of 
44 feet. When it is remembered that the towers uncovered 
the previous year had each a diameter of 36 ft. 6 in., and that 


118 EXCAVATIONS AT KIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 


they were equal in magnitude to those of Bothwell Castle, 
hitherto believed to have been the largest in Scotland, some 
idea of its strength may be gathered, and also from the fact 
that the largest towers at Caerlaverock are only 26 feet in 
diameter. The next operation was the excavation of the 
inside face of the west curtain wall, which was exposed the 
whole way to its junction with the small tower at the rear of 
the north tower, and some interesting discoveries were made 
here in the way of pottery, notably two masks. The only 
remaining portions to excavate were the south tower and the 
east curtain wall, and a start was made with the former. 
Several trenches were cut into the mound, but for a consider- 
able time nothing but masses of small stones and lime could be 
got, the walls all round having apparently disappeared. At 
length a small portion, about two feet in length, of the inner 
wall was laid bare, and was found to correspond with the inner 
wall of the east tower, thus solving the problem. It was of 
the same dimensions as those of the east tower, but, unlike it, 
it had not been provided with buttresses. Working round 
this small piece of inner face, the entrance to the tower was 
found, with one of the socket stones lying in position. The 
only remaining part to put on plan was the east curtain wall, 
and a considerable length was found. At its junction with 
the south tower another interesting discovery was’ made. 
When the workman reached the end of the wall his spade 
suddenly dipped into a hollow, which, on excavation, proved 
to be a small chamber four feet square and four feet deep, 
right in the centre of the tower, and faced -with masonry, but 
what its purpose was I am not competent to say. Only one 
question remained to solve, and that was the discrepancy in 
the width of the east curtain wall, which is 11 feet wide at the 
rear of the east tower and only 7 ft. 6 in. at its junction with 
the south tower. The explanation was found at the rear of 
the east tower, where, on the inside, the wall took a bend 
inwards. 

The net result of the excavations has been that the 
whole ground plan of one of the most important Scottish 
medieval fortresses has been laid bare. When regard is had 
to the defences on the outskirts, still to be traced in the deep 


EXCAVATIONS AT KiIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 119 


ditches in the neighbouring fields, the conclusion must be 
come to that it must have been a formidable pile, and practi- 
cally impregnable. The defences of the outer bailey have 
disappeared, but I presume they would be on the stockade 
principle, and it is only natural that no trace can now be got 
of them. Neither is there any trace of the draw-bridge, 
although excavations in the moat at this point might reveal 
traces of supports. Another important discovery would be 
that of the well, which I conjecture to have been immediately 
behind the north tower, but probably this may also be got 
at some future time, and no doubt interesting relics will be 
found in its depths. 

The following are the dimensions of the building, and 
they form an interesting comparison with Caerlaverock :— 
Length of building, including outer bailey, 214 feet; length of 
building, excluding outer bailey, 154 feet; width of building 
over portcullis towers and entrance gateway, 85 feet; width 
of building over portcullis towers and entrance gateway, in- 
cluding small tower to the rear of the north tower, 97 feet; 
width over keep and south tower, 107 feet; diameter of north, 
east, and south towers, 36 feet 6 inches; diameter of keep, 
44 feet. 

The dimensions of Caerlaverock Castle are :—Width at 
entrance towers and gateway, 64 feet; length along sides of 
triangle, 152 feet; length on straight, 141 feet; diameter of 
largest towers, 26 feet; width at base of triangle, 171 feet. 

The ancient entrance, according to Ross and M‘Gibbon, 
was 11 feet in from the present entrance, making the length 
at that period, on the straight, 130 feet. It will be thus seen 
that the size of the King’s Castle of Kirkcudbright compares 
very favourably with that of Caerlaverock Castle. 

As before mentioned, a large number of interesting finds 
have been made during the excavations, and these, with the 
exception of a donation of pottery to your museum, by Captain 
Hope, R.N., of St Mary’s Isle, have found a resting place in 
the Stewartry Museum at Kirkcudbright. The pottery, I 
may say, has been identified as belonging principally to the 
late thirteenth and early fourteenth century. 

The first entry we have regarding the castle is in the 


120 EXCAVATIONS AT KIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 


Exchequer Rolls, under date 1288, where the castle and lands 
are described as having belonged to the late King (Alexander 
JII., who was killed two years previously at Kinghorn). In 
my former paper I stated my belief that probably the castle 
had been founded by Malcolm IV., and that it was dismantled 
by Robert the Bruce when he finally subjected Galloway. 
The story of the pottery seems to confirm the latter theory. 
In the charter by James II., in 1455, there is no mention of 
the castle or lands. In that by James IV., in 1500, of the 
lands of Castlemains, again there is no mention of the 
‘castle, but the significant phrase, “‘ our lands,’’ is used, 
proving that the lands which we first meet with in 1288 had 
remained a Crown possession till they were gifted to the 
burgh. The present Castle of Kirkcudbright was completed 
by >Sir Thomas | M Vellan,, father) ot) the) iinsteeleond 
Kirkcudbright, in 1582, and it is very significant indeed that, 
five years previous to this, on 19th March, 1577, Sir Thomas 
received a grant of the Castledykes from the burgh. There 
can be little doubt that the local tradition that the present 
castle was partly built from the ruins of the ancient King’s 
Castle is correct, and helps to explain in some measure the 
different kinds of architecture to be met with in the former 
building. The burgh must have resumed possession of the 
lands, and they were not finally alienated till the beginning of 
the nineteenth century, when the burgh exchanged these 
lands, reserving a right-of-way through them, for the lands 
bordering the river to the north of the railway station— 
Stirling Acres, Milnflats, Milncroft, and Claycroft—belonging 
to the Earl of Selkirk. Regarding the extent of the castle 
lands, it is difficult to state what it was, but, roughly speak- 
ing, it would include the ground between the town and a line 
drawn from Great Cross to about the head of the Sandside 
Bay. 

In conclusion, I wish to tender my best thanks to Captain 
Hope for all his generosity in connection with the excavations. 
Not only did he give the necessary permission for the ground 
to be opened up, but he enclosed the site, and provided the 
workmen for the carrying through of the operations, often at 

-great inconvenience when there was a press of estate work. 


Outer Bailey 


o 
to 
v 
< 
4 
Qa 
> 
o 
x 


9 Litest tiie! eas = Se 
& 

° 
w& 


GrRounp PLAN. oF THE Kina’s CASTLE OF KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 
Drawn by N. M. Harley and J. Robison. 


Reproduced by permission ot the Directors of the Stewartry Museum 


See page 119 for dimensions. 


EXCAVATIONS AT KIRKCUDBRIGHT CASTLE. 121 


He has all along been most public spirited, and assisted in 
every possible manner in getting information bearing upon 
the question, and had the charter by the burgh to Sir Thomas 
M‘Lellan translated. He has set an example which might 
very well be followed by other proprietors who have monu- 
ments of antiquity on their estates. 

[On the motion of the Chairman, the Society passed a 
vote of thanks to Captain Hope for his generous assistance 
in the valuable archeological work above recorded. | 


White Quartz Pebbles and their Archeological 
Significance. 


By Nona LEBOUR. 


Some few years ago, my attention was called, in the first 
instance by the Rev. R. Gatty, to the frequent finding of 
rings or belts of white quartz pebbles on the sandhills of Mid 
Torrs, Glenluce. I was told that a man employed regularly 
by an antiquary in Glasgow to look for urns, implements, 
necklaces, etc., stated that he always searched for a ring of 
white stones, and if he dug within this zone, found articles 
of the above nature. The pebbles were of quartz, and must 
have been brought from the sea-shore more than a mile dis- 
tant. Some of the rings included much larger white pebbles 
than others, and these had evidently been placed there as orna- 
ments, and as a reminder of the place of interment. It isa 
curious fact, as Mr Gatty pointed out to me, that the white 
quartz pebbles give out a bright spark when struck together, 
and even when struck under water the light emitted is 
almost better. Last summer I visited a spot, about two 
miles south from Dunragit Station, where many urns have 
been found, and although the actual rings of stones were 
gone, there were a great number of the white pebbles still 
to be seen. 

In many burial places, large stones form a cist in which 
the urns with ashes and calcined bones are placed, but in the 
case of those burial places on the Torrs Sand-Hills, large 
stones are only to be found beyond the Piltanton Burn which 
‘is some distance off, so that the Bronze Age men had to make 


122; WHITE QuaRTz PEBBLES. 


the smaller white stones serve the purpose of indicating the 
spot -where the remains of their dead were laid, and it seems. 
almost certain that they-chose these particular white quartz 
pebbles for some symbolic reason upon which I am anxious 
to throw some light. 

While staying last September at Glenluce, I found in the 
library there, the Avrcha@ological and Historical Collections 
Relating to Ayrshire and Galloway, which contain most inter- 
esting papers by the late Rev. George Wilson, minister of the 
Free Church at Glenluce, an ardent antiquary and one greatly 
beloved and respected in the district. They relate to his 
finds at Mid Torrs, and to those who have not already come 
across the papers, it may be interesting to hear what he says. 
But first I should like to say that in addition to the white 
quartz pebbles being found outside, and round the burial 
places already alluded to, they have actually been found 
inside the urns there. They have been similarly found in 
other places, in Scotland, England, Ireland, the Isle of Man, 
and in foreign countries, both in urns of the Bronze Age, 
and in cists of the Stone Age with skeletons in a contracted 
position. 

Mr Wilson says that ‘‘ On a sandy knoll, three or four 
feet above the level of a flat marshy moor, two hundred 
yards east of Knockencrunge (a large sand-hill at Mid Torrs),. 
urns have been found. Heather and herbage have been 
gradually killed by the drifting sand which has been moving” 
much more since the great storms of wind in 1883, and the 
moory soil has been blown away till the upper parts of these 
urns have been exposed to the weather—in such a situation, 
the frost is very destructive to urns, so that the exposed parts 
have quite disappeared. The urns were interred in a circular 
space enclosed by a ring or belt of gravel about three feet 
broad and twenty-seven feet in diameter, which might have 
been originally narrower before the sand began to blow. The 
gravel consists chiefly of water-worn pebbles of grey Silurian. 
sandstone, such as one finds covering the raised sea-beaches 
among the sand-hills. But mixed with them there are many 
white quartz pebbles, and some reddish ones. The white ones 
must have been collected intentionally to form a kind of orna- 
ment to this burying-ground, for they catch the eye at once, 


WHITE QuaRTz PEBBLES. 123 


and there are more of them in this belt than one could find in 
a whole day’s walk along the sands. Perhaps this belt of 
gravel represents a ring of bigger stones, for no large stones 
are to be found within a distance of more than a mile, and 
that across the River Piltanton. The contents of both urns 
were very interesting, and consisted of black ashes, mixed 
with calcined bones adhering closely to the bottom and sides. 
Upon and in the moss there were lying close together a little 
heap of water-worn white quartz pebbles about the size of a 
pigeon’s egg. That part of the find seems to give a little 
confirmation connected with my finding of three small pebbles 
under the Bankfield urn.’’* 

Last August an account was given in the newspapers of 
a pre-historic find at Burgie near Forres, consisting of well- 
preserved human remains in a Short Cist, by Mr C. M. Bruce 
of Burgie Lodge Farm, which on scientific examination by 
Professor Reid of Aberdeen and others, was estimated to be 
from 4006 to 5000 years old. Seeing that pebbles had been 
discovered in the cist, the find became doubly interesting to- 
me, and I wrote to Mr Bruce asking him if he would kindly 
tell me the colour of the pebbles and how they were distri- 
buted. I received a very kind answer to my letter, in which 
he told me that ‘‘ the pebbles were studded throughout the 
entire bed of the cist rather openly. They seem just to have 
been pushed into the fine sand, but not buried in it. They 
were closer together under the head of the skeleton, almost 
touching each other. The pebbles were common to the upper 
deposit in which the cist lay. Many of them are felspathic, 
few granite, few quartzite, fewer brown yellowish quartz. 
Below the head were a few white quartz pebbles brought 
presumably from the sea-side four or five miles distant. The 
white quartz were small, about the size of pigeons’ to hens’ 
eggs.’”’ 

We have here an example of the white quartz pebbles in 
a cist with a skeleton, and numerous other instances will be 
pointed out later on. But we must return to the Rev. George 
Wilson’s account of the urns found in the Torrs sand-hills. 


* Archeological and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire 
and Galloway, Vol. VI., p. 94. 


124 WHITE QUARTZ PEBBLES. 


He says :—‘‘ Most of the fifteen described are in the National 
Museum of Antiquities in Edinburgh, No. 6 was 29 inches. 
deep, inverted on a rough stone underneath, it covered many 
calcined bones mixed with black ashes; three small pebbles, . 
two of them quartz, may have got accidentally mixed with 
the bones and ashes, but I sent them to the Museum and. 
recorded their presence in my notes read before the Society. 
of Antiquaries of Scotland, because small pebbles are wor- 
shipped in India and the Figi Islands, and they appear to 
have been worshipped in Palestine long ago :—Isaiah 57, 
v. 6. ‘Among the smooth stones of the stream is thy 
portion, they, they are thy lot : even to them hast thou poured 
a drink offering, thou hast offered a meat offering.’ 

Since I made that observation I have seen another inter- 
ment where the presence of white quartz pebbles could not 
be accidental.’’* 

Sir Arthur Mitchell expressed the same opinion as Mr 
Wilson in his paper, ‘‘ On the occurrence of white’ pebbles 
in graves of the Stone and Bronze Age.’’t 

When a cairn was opened at Ach-na-Cree, on entering 
the innermost chamber, the first thing that struck the eye was 
a row of quartz pebbles, larger than a walnut, arranged on 
the ledge of the lower granite block on the east side. Dr R. 
Angus Smith describes them thus :—‘‘ When we looked into 
the dark chamber from the outside they shone as if illumin- 
ated, showing how clean they had remained.’’ In the loose 
soil above the natural surface of the ground there was an urn 
with a white pebble in it like those just referred to. In the 
outermost of the three chambers in this cairn there were also 
found six white quartz pebbles, arranged on a ledge, four in 
one part, and two a little separate, and in the urn found in 
the chamber, were three white pebbles. { 

Near Crinan, in 1865, Canon Greenwell made a careful 


* Archeological and Historical Collections Relating to Ayrshire 
and Galloway, 1889, Vol. VI., p. 92. 

+ Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Vol. 
18, p. 286. 

i “ Deseriptive List of Antiquities near Loch Etive.’ Trans. 
Soc. Antiq. of Scot., Vol. IX., p. 412-4. 


Waite Quartz PEBBLES. 125 


examination of a large chambered cairn on Largie Farm, and 
found in the South compartment great numbers of quartz 
pebbles purposely broken, and he says :—*‘ The number of 
quartz pebbles purposely broken was very great, and they 
must have been placed there with some intention. and were 
probably possessed of a symbolical meaning.’’ Four miles 
from Inveraray, at the village of Ach-na-goul, there is a large 
oval-formed cairn 130 feet long by 30 feet broad. This 
sepulchral tumulus gives the name to the place—Ach-na-goul 
—the field of the Gauls to bury in. The burials there were 
in rows lengthwise and in cists, and excavation laid bare 
ch>ombers and passages 70 feet long from North to South. 
In some cists charcoal was found, an evidence of cremation, 
and in the eastern chamber there was no sign of burial, as if 
it had been set apart for religious rites. In one of the 
chambers a conical stone of white quartz was found exactly 
like one described by Mr Phene at Letcombe Castle, Berks, 
while another example was found at Maiden Castle, near 
Weymouth, each in connexion with human remains.* 

At Inveraray there is an old burial-ground called Kil- 
mahew or Kilmaduff. Eight graves there had white quartz 
pebbles on them varying in size from a walnut to that of the 
fist, eight to twelve in number, some water-worn or rounded. 
Trey were placed irregularly in groups on the grave itself, 
or in a line along the bottom of the stone at the head of the 
grave. An old fisherman said that as long as_ he could 
remember it was a custom in Inveraray to place white stones 
on the graves of friends. | He did not know if it pertained 
in other districts, and he did not think it was done with any 
definite meaning. It was just a practice. Sir Arthur 
Mitchell heard that this old man’s daughter had put white 
stones on the grave of her mother, and he asks, *‘ For what 
reason could these stones have been put in graves or in 
urns ?’’ 

He suggests firstly that perhaps it was because they 
looked pretty, and secondly that a possible symbolism may 
easily be imagined. For instance, from the fact that a spark 


* Rev. A. Scott, Celts and Druids, 1897, .p. 107. 


126 WHITE Quartz PEBBLES. 


can be obtained from a quartz stone a symbol may easily 
enough have been evolved. This quality of the stones chosen 
for burial with the dead appears to have been desiderated, if 
we may conclude so from the fact that flint flakes seem some- 
times to have taken the place of them, while at other times 
flints appear to have been associated with white quartz peb- 
bles as in the Stone Age cairn burials in Argyleshire and 
elsewhere. The whiteness of the quartz stones again would 
become symbolic, and there may possibly have been some 
custom among our pagan ancestors.*. Dr John Evans, the 
great authority on Stone and Bronze Age discoveries, has 
much to say on the subject, and he tells us in his famous book 
on Ancient Stone Implements in Great Britain that “‘ pebbles 
selected for their beauty or some singularity of appearance, 
were very frequently accompaniments of ancient interments. 
4 .”’ After mentioning curious pebbles of different 
colours in barrows of Wiltshire close to the skeletons found 
in them, and one specially beautiful pink one at Breedon, 
near Leicester, under similar conditions, he goes on to’ say 
that ‘‘ quartz pebbles are very frequently found with ancient 
burials, Mr Bateman, author of Zen Years Digging, records 
that near Hartington, Derbyshire, eighty quartz pebbles were 
found in a grave. Sometimes the pebble was actually placed 
in the hand of the deceased as at Alsopp, and in several urns 
one quartz pebble was found in or near urns with burnt 
bones, and also with the remains of children or young persons 
one quartz pebble lay beside the skeletons.’’ Rock crystal 
sometimes takes the place of white quartz pebbles, and in 
Stronsay, Orkney, this was found in a cist, and was possibly 
a charm or amulet. In Italy a piece of crystal is used as an 
amulet to protect the eye sight. In Scotland we hear of balls 
of crystal that served as a protection against the evil eye, and 
were dipped in water which was given to the cattle to drink. 
Balls of crystal also are frequently set in cross bands and are 
treasured in many families as victory stones. In India, next 
to the value of a stone as a pledge of victory in battle would 
stand its capacity to ensure to its possessor the fulfilment of 
his prayers addressed to the immortal gods, the idea being 


* Sir Arthur Mitehell, Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., Vol. 18, p. 290. 


WHITE QuaRtTz PEBBLES. “127 


that the gods cannot resist the spell of the influence of ‘crystal 
or agate which is closely allied to it. Only let a man go into 
a temple with a crystal in his hand, and none of the immortals 
will refuse to hear his prayers.* Many rock crystals have 
been found in the cists of the Ancient Britons of Caithness. 
Some think they are similar to the Bateyli offerings to the 
Sun, but these were invariably white stones. It may not be 
amiss to remind readers of this paper of the exact meaning 
of the terms Quartz and Quartzite. Quartz is Silica in its 
crystalline condition and a mineral. When quite clear and 
colourless it is rock crystal. | Quartzite is a rock, not a 
mineral, made up of fragments of quartz, which, by meta- 
morphism, have become welded or bound together so that 
their individual boundaries are no longer visible unless 
examined by polarised light. 

In Penmynydd Churchyard, Anglesea, numerous skele- 
tons were found with a white pebble of the size of a hen’s 
egg near each. The bodies were close to the surface, with 
here and there a thin layer of lime over the body. No trace 
of a coffin could be seen. At the south end of the Chancel 
Arch a heap of the same white pebbles was discovered, each 
about the size of a moderate potato. The symbolism of a 
white pebble as representing happiness or a happy day, was 
widely known. The ‘‘Calculi Candore laudatus dies’’ was not 
confined to the Romans, but known among the Thracians.t 
The black balls used at ballots of the present day carry us 
‘back to the times when it was the ancient custom to acquit 
or condemn accused persons by means of white and_ black 
stones—by the white ones they were absolved from guilt, by 
the black ones they were condemned. To return to the find- 
ing of white quartz pebbles in cists or urns in these islands, 
we may mention that in Sligo, where in pre-historic times 


* Cornhill Magazine. ‘‘ Myths of the precious stones.”’ N.S., 
Vol. I. (1883). 

+ It is interesting to note here, that ‘according to their 
earliest records, the Picts of the British Isles claim a Thracian 
origin. Herodotus tells that the nobles of the Agathyrsi tattooed 
themselves, and the claim of the Picts to be Agathyrsi is on record 
and shows their acquaintance with Thracian tradition.’”?’ Dr R. C. 
Maclagan, Our Ancestors, 1913, p. 371. 


128 WHITE QUARTZ PEBBLES. 


the same race as that inhabiting Galloway spread over the 
whole of Ireland, there have been found in nearly every Stone 
Age interment, fragments of white, smooth water-worn 
quartz pebbles, and the fact serves to identify the remains as. 
belonging to a very ancient period of interment.* In Lag- 
my-Boiragh, Isle of Man, there was found a circle of eighteen 
graves arranged in sets of three. Remains of cinerary urns. 
were discovered in them. About two feet from the surface 
was the floor of the graves, composed of flat slabs of various: 
sizes, and under these slabs were found the broken urns, 
charcoal fragments, bones, black oily earth, several flint arrow 
heads, scrapers, knives, etc. Near the floor of the grave 
was found also’ a number of rounded white quartz stones 
evidently brought from the sea-shorey It has been stated 
elsewhere that the fishermen in the Isle of Man have a strong 
prejudice against having a white stone in a fishing boat, even 
as ballast. Sir John Rhys thinks it probable that as the 
Manx folk once decorated their graves with white stones, 
the feeling of repugnance is so far accounted for. This. 
custom is also mentioned by the Rev. Walter Gregor as being 
usual with fishermen on the North East Coast of Scotland. 
In the South West of Scotland, a custom quite the reverse 
from this prevails among the fishermen in the Kirkmaiden 
district, Mull of Galloway. To ensure luck at the fishing 
they carry white stones in their boats.{ In some notes on 
Barrows of Derbyshire by Mr Rooke-Pennington in 1877, 
he thinks that no reasonable man can doubt the practice of 
depositing articles of value in graves has some sort of religi- 
ous foundation, and that these white quartz pebbles were 
looked upon with feelings of reverence. A great quantity of 
white quartz pebbles were found in 1883 in various old tombs 
in the Isle of Cumbrae, also they were found in most of the 
old graves excavated about that time in the neighbourhood 


* “ Rude Stone Monuments of Sligo.’’ Archeological Review, 
August, 1899, p. 379. 

t Report of the British Association, Nottingham, 1893, 
Section H, p. 902. 
t Rev. Walter Gregor. Report to British Association, 1897, 
p. 487. “- : 


WHITE Quartz PEBBLES. 129 


of Dundee. So frequent indeed was their presence in the 
latter place that it was common for the workmen to say when 
excavating, ‘‘ Here are the two stonts, now we will get the 
bones.* Miss Gordon Cumming says that ‘‘ akin to these 
white quartz pebbles in their symbolical connexion with the 
rel'gious and funeral rites of our ancestors, are the conical 
masses of white quartz found entombed with human remains 
in tumuli at Inveraray, Dundee, Letcombe Castle in Berk- 
shire, and Maiden Castle near Weymouth, which are pre- 
cisely similar to those found in excavations at Nineveh (now 
to be seen in the British Museum) with this exception that on 
the latter are carved representations of serpents, and of the 
Sun and Moon.’’* Dr Charles Rogers states that ‘‘ In the 
east a small round pebble was worshipped as a symbol of the 
sun. By the Druids a water-worn crystal of oval shape was 
worn round the neck; it was styled glan-nathair, or the 
adder-cleanser. Rain water, in which it was dipped, was 
held to possess the power of healing and was with this 
intent sprinkled among the sickly. 

At Burghead the smooth white pebbles to the number of 
five or seven, but never more, have been found on the graves 
under the fallen ramparts, arranged in crosses.{ The white 
quartz pebbles were called Godstones in Ireland and were 
placed in Irish graves within recent times, and the belief in 
the virtue of selected pebbles was of an enduring kind. As 
Sir Arthur Mitchell observed in his paper before mentioned, 
it was a custom which has been handed down uninterruptedly 
from the Stone Age until now. 

It is chiefly by comparing the customs of other countries 
tha: light can be shed on the meanings of those in our own, 
and in order to do this we may now perhaps consider briefly 
the uses to which white quartz pebbles or crystals were put 
amongst savages. The Tasmanians hung them round their 
necks to prevent being bewitched, and when a youth grew up 


* C. F. Gordon Cumming, In the Hebrides, 1901, p. 456. 
+ Charles Rogers, Social Life in Scotland, 1884, Vol. I., p. 19. 


t Sir L. Gomme, Presidential Address to the Folk Lore Society, 
1893. 


130 WHITE QuaRTz PEBBLES. 


+o manhood he was given a white stone which might never be 
shown to women or it would be fatal. | For making rain the 
custom was to select a young girl, a vein in her wrist was 
‘opened from which a pint of blood was taken. The black 
doctor had with him a quantity of water-washed crystalised 
white pebbles. | One of these was steeped in the blood for 
‘some time, then all was tied in pieces of bark and consigned 
to one of the deep water-holes in which the Blacks believed 
that Nutchie, better known as the “‘ devil-devil,’’ existed. 


After this, rain might be certainly expected. It may here 
also be mentioned that crystal-gazing was known to the 
Tasmanians. The Australians’ Coradgee Stone was care- 


fully wrapped up and concealed in the hair, and it was fatal 
for a woman to see it; it was usually a clear quartz crystal, 
sometimes a white stone. In Melanesia there is a curious 
custom when a man dies. A speech is made to him, in 
which he is entrusted with messages for others departed (as 
his ghost has not yet left the village) and he is instructed to 
bear all the news of the place, and told who is to share the 
dainties of the funeral feast in the land he is going to. Five 
days after, the ghost is made to understand that it is high 
time he was off. Two of his friends take up their positions 
in his house, a white stone in each hand which they clack 
together till the ghost gets so worried by the noise that he 
' passes out.* In far distant lands we still come upon traces 
of the superstition about white pebbles. The wife of a 
missionary told me that when her husband was working 
among the Gonds she went to see a native funeral and was 
surprised to see the mourners throwing pebbles into the 
grave. D- W. F. Cumming said that he found several 
graves strewn with white pebbles near the temple of Deir, 
the capital of Nubia, above the second cataract of the Nile. 
““In Guatemala they placed polished stones in the 
mouth of the dying to supply a permanent abode for the 
soul. In New South Wales the blacks gave each novitiate at 
manhood ceremonials a white stone or quartz crystal as an 


* Florence Coombe, Many Sided Melanesia, 1911. 


WHITE Quartz PEBBLES. 131 


accompaniment to his new name, the women being forbidden 
to look at it on pain of death.’’* 

It would be well to consider the uses that white quartz 
pebbles were put to in Britain in olden times, for they are 
very numerous as well as curious, and foremost among them 
we would place curative or magic stones. I think the most 
remarkable instance of this practice is that in which St 
Columba figures so conspicuously with Broichan the Druid, 
who refused to set free a little Irish bond maid for the sake 
of humanity, and St Columba threatened him with a speedy 
death if he persisted in his conduct, ‘‘ And saying this in the 
presence of Brude the King, and going forth from the royal 
dwelling, he comes to the river Ness, from which river, taking 
white stones he says to his companions, ‘ Note well this white 
stone by which the Lord will effect many cures among his 
heathen people.’ Broichan being stricken, gasping, feeble, 
sobbing, and nearly dead, was ready to set the little maid 
free, and the stone blessed by the Saint, was dipped in water, 
and Broichan drinking from it, on which the stone floated 
like an apple or a nut, returned at once from imminent death, 
and recovered perfect health of body. This remarkable 
stone, afterwards preserved among the King’s treasures, 
swimming in the same way in the water in which it was 
dipped, effected through God’s mercy many cures of sickness 
among the people.’’+ The Highlanders to-day cherish similar 
-cure-stones. They are considered as precious heir-looms, 
and kept carefully wrapped up in the choicest and most ex- 
pensive cloths. Moreover, one way of using them is to 
make the patient drink the water in which they have been 
dipped, just as St. Columba used to do in his miraculous 
cures. This custom applies to cattle as well as to human 
‘beings and its efficacy is firmly believed in. 

A few years ago there were dug up in a garden about 
eleven miles from Darlington three charm stones, one of 
which was of white quartzite, and all of them were pierced as 


* Survival of Beliefs Among the Celts (George Henderson), p. 
203. 

+ Adamnan, Life of St. Columba; 2nd Book, Huyshe’s Trans- 
lation, chap. 33. 


132 WHITE: QuARTZ ‘PEBBLES. 


if for suspension round the neck. One of them bore strong 
evidence of having been carried on the person, one side was 
so smooth and partially polished as to justify the belief that 
this condition was the result of habitual rubbing against the 
body of its wearer such as would occur if suspended round 
the neck.* Speaking of stones of the white quartz type used 
as a charm or amulet, there occurs the following information 
about the Clach na Brataich or ‘‘ Stone of the Banner.’’ It 
had been in the possession of the chiefs of Clan Donnachaidh 
since 1315, when the then chief, going to join Bruce’s army 
before Bannockburn found something glittering in a clod of 
earth hanging to his flag-staff. The stone in question is a 
globular mass of rock-crystal artificially polished, an inch and. 
three-quarters in diameter. It is, so to say, the luck of Clan 
Donnachaidh, and if dipped in water by the chief, the owner, 
the water cures all manner of disease.t There is a tradition 
that this stone was the one used by St. Columba. It 1s. 
thought, says Dr R. C. Maclagan in his book Our Ancestors, 
lately published, that it is the Moon which is represented by 
the round dipping stones of rock-crystal, when used for 
curative purposes, and more especially for those who were 
insane. At Strathfillan, where the pool of St. Fillan is, it 
was thought sufficient to duck the insane in it, as the Moon 
can be seen in the water. 

Ancient British graves that are identified as those of 
women invariably contain one bead, if not several. Some- 
times there is one large bead of white quartz. Italian women 
who wish their infants to thrive wear a lump of white stone 
attached to their stays. This is mostly of white agate, a 
kind of silica that has the appearance of milk diluted with 
water. It is pelea the same as ae galactitus (milkstone) 
of Pliny. ' ; 

Having cited examples of the numerous ‘discoveries of 


* Ed. Wooler, F.S.A., Dee On - Lucky Stonea7: 
Proc. S. Antiquaries, Neweastle: -upon-Tyne, Ser. 3, Vol. II., p. 240. 

t Proceedings of the Society of Antiqua T1es of Scotland, 1860-1, 
Vol. IV., Part I., p. 219. 


tL. eeeeeteis. European Amulets. . Read before the inter 
ee Congress of Religions, Oxford, 1898. 


Waite Quartz PEBBLES, 133 


white quartz pebbles and other stones akin to them in graves 
in various parts of the world, and their various uses in all 
sorts of other conditions, it would perhaps be interesting to 
suggest the conclusions we may come to, as to the possible 
reasons for the great. reverence paid to them and their 
apparent value. We have the evidence and opinion of some 
of the foremost of our antiquaries, but no one seems to be 
really certain of the purpose for which these stones were 
employed, so that I think we may venture to make a guess as 
to their probable use, and it would be very valuable if any 
one in Galloway who has met with, or heard of the find of 
any of these white quartz pebbles in cists or urns and who 
should hear or read this paper, would make the discovery 
known, so that all information on this most interesting sub- 
ject may be gathered together. 

I like to think, as Mr Gatty suggested to me, that the 
sparks which the quartz pebbles emitted in the dark, gave 
the idea to our far-away ancestors, of something which might 
illuminate the gloom of the grave, and light them to their 
future life. As we know that white pebbles in the cist at 
Burgie were found under the head of the skeleton, might we 
not almost say they were under the man’s pillow as being 
most handy for him to strike a light quickly. Then again, 
as all the necessary things in life for his daily existence were 
invariably placed in the tomb beside the departed relative or 
friend, so that he might continue in a future life to use the 
same implements, would it not be natural to suppose that 
what he used for making a light in his dwelling on earth, 
should be provided for his use in another world? 

These stones also may have been used as cure-stones 
both for his family and friends, as well as for his herds of 
cattle. A requisite in his every-day life at home, he may 
have believed that the one to come was only a continuation 
of this one, and everything needed here would be just as 
necessary hereafter. So too if he believed that they were 
able to frighten demons away, he would require a goodly 
number of these charm stones. Or if, as in the verse, 
Revelation 2, v. 17, so often suggested, the white stone was 
regarded as a token of having fought and overcome, here 


134 WHITE QuarRTz PEBBLES. 


indeed was the sign, sometimes found clenched tightly in the 
skeleton hand, an emblem of purity and justification, and of 
misdeeds wiped out. Also if, as in Palestine of old, as 
Isaiah tells us, smooth stones from the brook were wor- 
shipped, and offerings made to them, it would seem as if the 
pagan people thought the stones contained the spirit of their 
gods. For in fact, as Dr Marett says, speaking of the way 
stones at all curious in shape, position, size, or colour would 
seem specially designed by nature to appeal to primitive 
man’s supernaturalistic tendency, that they would be invested 
by his imagination with the vague but dreadful attributes 
of Powers, ranging from the vaguest semi-conscious belief 
in their luckiness, onwards to the distinct animistic con- 
ception of them as the home of spirits of the dead or un- 
born, or as the image and visible presence of a god,* and, 
in such a case, the dearest wish of the departed would be 
to take them with them, deposited by their nearest relatives 
in their burial-places, close to, or under the bodies. 
It is evident that these stones were considered as most 
sacred, and reverenced accordingly ; in some cases they were 
looked upon as endowed with magical qualities, and the 
future was constantly foretold by their use. 

Therefore, combined with all the other reasons as to 
their utility in a future life, perhaps the chief one may have 
been the idea of a passport after purification by death, to a 
life beyond, a tradition of which persisted through all the 
centuries before the Christian era, and was present in the 
mind of the Apostle John when he wrote down the well- 
known words, ‘“‘ To him that overcometh . . . I will 
give a white stone, and in the stone a new name written, 
which no man knoweth save he that receiveth it.’’ 


* Paper read before the Folk Lore Society, November 15th, 
1899; Folklore, vol. XI., p. 174. 


BIRDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 135 


13th February, 1914. 
Chairman—Dr Witu1am Sempte, M.A., B.Sc., Ph.D. 


Birds that are Land and Water Feeders. 


By Witson H. ArMISTEAD. 


As you look from a railway carriage window while the 
train passes through an agricultural district you will see, as 
field after field comes into view, large numbers of birds of 
various kinds. These fields are cultivated by man with a view 
to supplying the necessities of life. Man feeds off the pro- 
duce of the fields, so do the birds. It is scarcely to be won- 
dered at that one should enquire whether the foraging of the 
birds is beneficial, harmful, or neutral to the interests of man. 
It is foolish to dismiss this problem with the remark—‘‘ Oh,. 
there is plenty for both.’’ As a matter of fact there is not. 
If the commoner kinds of birds, numbered in hundreds of 
thousands, are taking toll off man’s food and rendering no 
service, or only a very slight one, in return, something must 
be done. Certain kinds of birds are rapidly increasing— 
much more rapidly than the casual observer has any idea of. 
Our population is also increasing, and long ago the land of 
this country ceased to provide sufficient for our needs. Every 
cultivated acre is of importance—increasing importance. Is 
it any wonder, then, that we ask what these birds are costing 
us? Here is a simple calculation illustrating what I mean. 
if a rook takes 3 oz. of food a day, too birds will consume 
18? lbs. a day, 121 lbs. a week, and within a pound or two of 
7 cwt. a year. -Now, the question is—What is that food? Is 
it a loss to the community, or is it beneficial to the land? Is 
it both? and, if so, is the loss greater than the gain? 

However, I am not concerned with rooks to-night. I 
want to put before you some notes regarding the feeding 
habits of the gulls. Have you ever been down on the sea 
shore on an afternoon when the gulls are flying seaward, and 
watched the seemingly endless procession sailing down the 
valleys? On fine days you may see them high in the air, 
with the horizontal rays of the afternoon sun gleaming on 


136 BirDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 


their white bodies. When the wind blows strongly they fly 
lower, and if battling against a gale they twist and turn and 
teat to windward much as will a fore and aft sailing craft. 
For perhaps an hour the procession lasts, with scarcely a 
break. The flocks—z2o0, 50, or 100—follow each other closely, 
all keeping to established lines of flight, which are probably 
the same to-day as they were when Dumfries first became a 
town. 

Not only down the valley of the Nith does this daily 
flight occur, but down every valley leading to the sea, and 
where the land is flat there are still immemorial flight lines 
used by these birds. 

The afternoon flight is probably known to everyone who 
knows the shore, but it may be pointed out that each morning 
at daylight the same procession may be seen, but wending its 
way inland instead of seawards. 

This huge army invades the land daily and its object is 
food. That is to say, that the land is feeding many, many 
hungry mouths besides what it must yield to man. Later I 
will go into details, but just now I want you to realise that if - 
100 birds consuming 3 oz. of food a day (estimated) consume 
within a few pounds of seven hundredweights in a year, the 
gulls of Dumfries and Galloway must take some hundreds of 
tons of food ina year. Please note that this is only the gulls. 
If you consider the other birds and creatures feeding off the 
land, you may be inclined to ask whether, after all, man gets 
the larger share. 

Perhaps you will say—‘‘ Yes, this is all very well, but 
do not forget that a great part of this food is of no value to 
man; and more than that, it is to man’s advantage that much 
of it is consumed.’’ I have not forgotten. That is precisely 
what I wish to go into, but before doing so I wish to point 
out that this hungry army of birds (not gulls only) is very 
rapidly increasing. There are two good reasons for this : (1) 
Protective legislation, and (2) the almost total destruction of 
predatory birds, as a result of game preservation. 

Now to the food question : First, I must ask you to clear 
your mind of the established ideas, because these are in many 
cases incorrect; and, further, what was true thirty years ago 


BIRDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 137 


is no longer true to-day. There is no doubt whatever that 
the feeding habits of very many birds have changed and are 
changing. This is apparently due to necessity. Increased 
numbers means a decrease in the supply and a keener com- 
petition. In many directions, too, there are increased oppor- 
tunities for the procuring of good food that has not hitherto 
formed part of the normal diet. Hunger, that greatest of all 
the compelling forces which have influenced creatures 
possessed of a brain, has driven many kinds of birds to experi- 
ment with other foods. Many species that in the past have 
not been known to compete with man for the products of the 
earth are now known to do so. 

In illustration of this point I may mention that during a 
prolonged frost the blackbirds standing on the edge of the 
thin ice on the hatching ponds at the Bute Fishery picked out 
the small fish. One of the birds having made the experi- 
ment, and found that the food was available and good, its 
example was followed by hundreds. On the return of genial 
weather, they went back to their natural food; but the lesson 
had not been lost on them, and now it does not require a 
heavy snowstorm or a prolonged frost to cause them to 
return to feed on the fish; they do it as soon as ice is 
formed. <A+robin also discovered the game and introduced 
it to his fellows; and now as soon as the eggs are hatched 
we have a considerable percentage of the robins of the 
Stewartry coming down on them. I am afraid we shall 
also have to condemn the wagtails. During the last two 
or three years they had seen reason to suspect them of 
taking fish; and the worst of it is that, once they begin, 
they do not take the thing in moderation. Crows also may 
be seen wading—very awkwardly—in the shallow water at 
the sea-shore picking up food. 

There is another point which we must not lose sight of 
in forming an estimate of the cost to man of this great and 
increasing army of gulls. This is the part of their diet which 
consists of creatures taken from the water. I have direct 
evidence to put before you to-night, by means of photographs 
and specimens, of what a gull takes from the water as well 
as from the land. 


. | . 
138  Brirps THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 


Here I may point out that of the several species of gulls 
the black-headed and the herring gull are the most common. 
The greater and lesser black-backed gulls are admittedly birds 
of prey. They do not come under consideration to-night, 
because no one disputes their destructiveness inland and on 
the sea-shore. The herring gull is, as its name implies, 
a fish eater, but I shall show that it is also a grain 
eater. The black-headed gull—the commonest of all (in this 
neighbourhood at any rate) is the bird whose feeding habits 
are the least understood, and till recently it was considered an 
inoffensive creature living on insects, grubs, worms, etc. 
There is every reason to believe that this was in fact the case, 
and probably it would still be an inoffensive creature if legisla- 
tion and the total destruction of its chief enemies had not 
caused it to increase in numbers enormously. The simple fact 
is that if the black-headed gull kept to what was its diet 
thirty years ago it would starve. 

I wonder how many who are here to-night can bear me 
out when I say that the entomological fauna of Dumfries and 
Galloway compared with what it was twenty years ago is 
terribly impoverished? 

Where are the butterflies and moths? Where are the 
larger flies that formed such valuable food for trout in our 
rivers and streams? They have gone. Is there anywhere in 
the South of Scotland where on a June evening one may see 
the meadows dotted with hovering ghost-moths till their 
numbers are almost as great as the white flowers of the dog 
daisy? Can you tell me where you will find the thistles in 
July the perching place of innumerable skipper butterflies? 
Where shave the fritillaries, the ringlets, the blues, the 
coppers, the painted ladies, the red admirals, and a host of 
other beautiful creatures gone? 

TI will tell you where the ghost moth has gone, and where 
I suspect all the others have met their end too. Watch the 
meadows when the dew begins to fall and at daylight when 
the mists are rising. What do you see? White forms in the 
dusk, white forms in the mist, hovering, gliding, here, 
everywhere; swooping swiftly, rising again, and ‘“‘hawking’’ 
every inch of ground with wonderful persistence and admir- 


BIRDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 139 


able patience. What are they? They are foragers belonging 
to the great white army which is scattered over the land, and 
which sees the butterfly burst from the chrysalis, the fly 
escape in the sunlight from its watery birthplace; and which 
loses no chance, misses no opportunity. They are black- 
headed gulls. 

After all, it is only a few people who miss the butterflies. 
and moths, and in one sense the country may be no poorer 
for their absence. The case of the flies is more serious, for 
every angler knows the value of these on a trout water; but 
what I wish to point out is, that all these creatures having 
disappeared (in some cases, I believe, the gulls have actually 
exterminated them), the gulls must either leave the land or 
take to other food. Very well. There are earth-worms and 
beetles, harmful grubs, wire-worms, etc. Yes, the black- 
headed gull eats all these, but there are not always enough 
available. It must find other food. It has done so, and the 
two foods which replace what is lost, or at any rate supple- 
ment a very much reduced supply, are grain and fish. My 
close observations of this bird lead me to believe that ten 
years ago grain and fish were never (or on the rarest occa- 
sions) taken by black-headed gulls. To-day they form a very 
important part of their diet, and if the increase is allowed to 
go on unchecked, who can foretell what the damage may be 
‘to-morrow? I will show presently that it is not only the 
grain from the stooks that the gulls take, but sprouted grain 
from the fields in the spring (and in the autumn where 
wheat is sown), and this, it will be admitted, is a much more 
serious matter. 

I have before me a most excellent report compiled by Dr 
Francis Ward for the Suffolk and Essex Fishery Board, con- 
cerning some investigations carried out during 1913 regarding 
the feeding habits of gulls. Some of the birds examined were 
sent from the Solway Fishery, some from Bute, but most of 
them were procured in the south of England. For the follow- 
ing facts I am indebted to Dr Ward’s careful investigations : 
Of 104 specimens of black-headed gulls examined, 28 per 
cent. contained fish. Thirty-nine black-headed gulls were 
obtained in the vicinity of the Solway Fishery and the Bute 


140 Brrps THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 


Fishery, and of these 64 per cent. contained trout, the largest 
number in a single bird being g trout 24 to 4 inches in length, 
and the largest fish 6 inches in length. 

Regarding the land food of gulls, the report contains 
the following passage :—‘‘ We have made inquiries from 
numerous farmers in the district, and they are of opinion that 
the destruction of earth-worms, ‘ per se,’ without an accom- 
panying destruction of wire-worms and injurious beetles, is 
detrimental to agriculture. The examination of gulls follow- 
ing the plough during the winter shows that these birds take 
practically nothing but earth-worms. Two _ black-headed 
gulls shot in December contained over 50 earth-worms apiece, 
and two common gulls contained over 100 worms apiece, the 
only other food being a Dor beetle in one of the specimens. 
Wire-worms, beetles, craneflies (daddy-long-legs), and other 
insects were present in varying proportions, but the points of 
interest were the great scarcity of wire-worms. These were 
found in the black-headed only. Craneflies, or daddy-long- 
legs, on the other hand, were present in immense quantities, 
as many as 150 recognisable specimens in a single bird. The 
black-headed gull is supposed to be guilty of feeding on grain, 
and in Messrs Thorpe & Hope’s report it is shown that 44 per 
cent. contained oats during the sowing season. Common 
gulls and herring gulls contained a considerable amount of 
grain. The destruction of cereals by the herring gull cer- 
tainly seems a matter for investigation when 19.5 per cent., 
shot mostly at sea, contained cereals. . . . Mr Stavely, 
of Rothesay, describes the herring gull as sitting on the 
sheaves and feeding on oats. A specimen shot contained 
evidence to prove this. The herring gull would therefore 
appear to take grain at all seasons. . . . It takes very 
few earth-worms and practically no insect life, and un- 
doubtedly on occasions it actually feeds on large quantities 
of growing wheat.”’ 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Mr Armistead exhibited by means of the lantern a large 
number of fine pictures, lent by Dr Ward, illustrating 
chiefly the habits of the gull and other sea birds. The first 
series showed what had been found in the stomachs of 


BIRDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 141 


numerous gulls. The presence in one of them of a quantity 
of the May fly, or green drake, led him to remark that this 
insect is of great importance to fishing in lochs and rivers; 
and that many fishings have suffered severely through its 
destruction by the black-headed gull. The star fish, a 
number of which figured in the gulls’ food-list, was char- 
acterised as very destructive of whelks and oysters, and 
working havoc on mussel beds. It seemed impossible 
that such a creature could penetrate a mussel shell; but it 
simply enveloped the mussel—took the whole thing inside 
him; the gastric juices did the rest; and the shell was ejected 
when the mussel had been absorbed. Wire-worms, he re- 
marked, were not often found in the adult black-headed gull, 
but they were very common in the stomachs of their nestlings. 
A group of fish taken from one gull’s stomach included one 
with a hook in its mouth and part of the angler’s line attached. 
One black-headed gull was found to have fed almost exclu- 
sively on fresh water shell fish. 


CORMORANT AND HERON. 


Turning to the Cormorant, Mr Armistead observed that 
it was capable of taking 14 lbs. weight of fish in a day, and he 
did not often miss doing it. And often many of these fish 
were young salmon. 

The Heron, of which some pictures were shown, was 
described as feeding almost as much on the land as in the 
water, but its depredations as a destructive bird are 
chiefly from the water. He took small rabbits, rats, and 
nestlings which he found on the river bank; but as a fish- 
catcher he excelled. The Heron on the watch, he pointed out, 
had a great reserve of neck to dart out when he observed his 
quarry ; and the strike of a Heron was just about as swift as 
the flight of a shot from a gun. 


KINGFISHER. 


A Kingfisher was shown on the watch, then capturing and 
swallowing a fish about as long as himself, and finally in a 
very self-satisfied attitude resting on a branch. One King- 


142 BuirpDs THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 


fisher in the lecturer’s experience had swallowed at a sitting 
nine minnows about two to three inches long. 


OTTER AS FISHER. 


A series of pictures showed the development of the trout 
from the egg to its full-grown state. The otter and its hunt- 
ing habits was another subject of vivid illustration. Re- 
ferring to a prevalent belief that the otter eats a piece out of 
the back of a fish and leaves it, Mr Armistead said it only did 
that when it was not very hungry and wanted only a tit-bit; 
when, in fact, he was killing for sport. A photograph showed 
him on a stone in mid-stream, holding down a fish with his 
claws and screwing off the head at one bite. Disturbed, pos- 
sibly by the click of the camera, he was seen plunging under’ 
water, taking the fish with him. 


WHAT A FISH SEES. 


Many of the photographs, lent by Dr Ward, had been 
taken from under the water, looking upwards; and the lecturer 
pointed out the singular discovery that the surface of level, 
unbroken water acts as a mirror, so that the fish sees 
nothing above the water, but only what is beneath the sur- 
face and an inverted image of that. These under-water 
photographs presented a curious appearance. Thus of a 
_ gull swimming you saw only the legs and lower part of the 
body, and these reproduced as in a mirror, but upside down. 
And of a heron standing in the water among reeds you saw 
only the long thin legs, bearing a wonderfully close resem- 
blance to the reeds, and an upward prolongation of the legs 
in the aqueous mirror. 


DISCUSSION. 


Dr Semple expressed the thanks of the Society to Mr 
Armistead for his able and instructive lecture, and also 
initiated an interesting discussion. He mentioned that when 
becalmed for some hours off Ailsa Craig in July last he had 
been struck by the almost entire absence of bird life, with 
which the island used to teem. He noted also the almost 
complete disappearance of guillimotes and puffins from Jura, 


BirDS THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 143 


and of terns from Loch Craignish (an arm of the sea opening 
off the Sound of Jura). The tenant of Craignish island had 
told him that the gulls there fed on mice. He further men- 
tioned an incident which he had observed in the fields. A 
flock of peewits were gathering worms. Every one was 
followed by a gull, and when a peewit caught a worm the 
gull pounced upon it. - They tried it on also with the starlings, 
but the starlings shewed fight. 

Mr Armistead said the diminution of sea-birds in one 
particular district could often be explained by the fact that the 
ground had become fouled by the presence of large numbers 
for some years, and they moved off to a fresh nesting-place, 
giving it a few years’ rest. Another reason was that the food 
supply might be diminished. On Colvend shore, he men- 
tioned, the cormorants had moved off from their old nesting- 
place, ‘‘ The Dookers’ Bing,’’ and found a new and clean 
nesting-place at Balcary. In other districts colonies of sea- 
birds might have to go a long distance to find another suitable 
nesting-place. That there was a great increase in the number 
of sea-birds all over was clearly established. 

Mr William Dickie said he had been informed that on 
some hill farms gulls attacked young lambs, and were now 
as much disliked by shepherds as the raven formerly was. 

Dr Semple said he had seen them taking the young 
sheldrake. 

Mr Armistead said these would be the Black-backed Gull. 

Mr A. C. Penman said he had seen thirteen out of a brood 
of twenty-one young sheldrakes taken by gulls as they were 
crossing the water near the Scaur. The disappearance of the 
tern from Craignish he attributed to the murderous shooting 
of them by members of a yachting party. 

Mr Armistead said at several places in the West High- 
lands instructions had been given to keepers to destroy these 
nesting birds on the islands of fresh-water lochs because they 
were ruining the fishing in the lochs; but the same reason 
would not apply to sea lochs. 

Mr M. S. M‘Kerrow, Burnock, said farmers used to 
believe that nothing but the carrion crow would eat flesh, but 
for many years the ordinary crow had become quite fond of 


144 Birps THAT ARE LAND AND WATER FEEDERS. 


bits of lamb or any carrion that was lying about. They had 
always been suspicious of the gulls eating grain. He had 
never seen them on stooks, but they were blamed for feeding 
on fallen grain. 

Mr Armistead said specimen stomachs which he had 
with him shewed conclusively that the gulls do take grain. 


27th February, 1914. 
Chairman—Mr S. Arnott, F.R.H.S., V.-P. 


Weather and other Notes taken at Jardington 
during 1913. ; 


By JoHN RUTHERFORD. 


JANUARY. 


The first two days of the year were very fine and mild; 
but taking the weather of the month as a whole it was very 
changeable and stormy. Saturday, the 11th, was an excep- 
tionally stormy day, with high wind and drifting snow, quite 
a blizzard—about 6 inches of snow fell during the 24 hours. 
This was the heaviest snowfall of the year. The direction of 
the wind was variable; during the first week it was from the 
south and west; from the 8th till the end of the month it was 
principally from an easterly direction. There was very little 
sunshine. 

The mean maximum temperature was 42 deg., which is a 
little above the average, and exactly the same as January, 
1912. Highest maximum temperature in the screen (4 feet 
above the ground), 50 deg., on the 6th and 7th. Lowest 
maximum, 33 deg., on the 13th. Highest minimum, 44 deg., 
on the 7th. Lowest minimum, 12 deg., on the 13th. Lowest 
on the grass, 10 deg., on the 13th. There was 20 deg. of 
frost in the screen on the 13th and 15 deg. on the 14th. 
There was no other frost of any consequence. Temperature 
at or below 32 deg. in the screen on 18 days; do. do., on the 
grass on 22 days. Range of barometer was between 29.3 
and 30.3 inches. 


\ 
vay 
ih 


WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 143 


-...=-Ehe snowdrop, that beautiful little unassuming flower, 
an emblem of purity, the first flower of the year, was hanging 
its head on the 2nd, and opened its corolla on the 8th. This 
was 10 days earlier than 1912. 


FEBRUARY. 


On the 4th, 5th, and 6th the weather was wet and stormy, 
with a rather high wind on the 6th; but taking the month as 
a whole, it was exceedingly mild. The fields continued fresh 
and green, and on a number of days the birds were singing 
cheerily. First heard the mavis on the 3rd. During the first 
14 days the wind was mostly from the S.W. and N.W.; from 
the 14th till the 22nd it was from an easterly direction. Dur- 
ing this time there was some frost, but not severe; the last 4 
days were like spring. There was very little sunshine. No 
snow, no floods, and a light rainfall. 

The highest maximum temperature was 54 deg., on the 
26th. Lowest maximum, 42 deg., on the ist. Highest 
minimum, 45 deg., on the 3rd. Lowest minimum, 25 deg., 
on the 22nd and 23rd. Lowest on the grass, 20 deg., on the 
22nd. Temperature in the screen at or below 32 degrees on 
10 days. Do. on the grass on 12 days. Range of barometer 
between 29.5 and 30.5 inches. The high barometric pressure 
of the month is worthy of special notice. The barometer stood 
at 30 in. and over on 18 days, the mean of which was 30.34 
inches. In February, 1912, it just reached 30 inches on 4 days 
and 30.2 on 1 day. 

Yellow Crocus came into bloom on the 12th; Hazel on 
the 13th; Lesser Celandine on the 22nd; Dog-Mercury first 
noticed on the 23rd; Tussilago on the 21st. 


MARCH. 


With the exception of the first and last two days the 
weather of March generally was wet and stormy, with a south 
and S.W. wind. There was a deep barometric depression on 
the 18th, when the barometer fell from 29.7 to 28.7 in. within 
24 hours. This was the only occasion during the year that the 
barometer was below 29 inches. On the preceding day there 
was 16 degrees of frost. Towards the end of the month the 


146 WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 


wind was from the N.N.W. and E., when the fields soon lost 
their green appearance and looked quite grey and barren. 
There were snow showers on the 13th and a thin covering of 
snow on the 16th. Thunder was heard on the 12th and 19th. 
There was comparatively little frost, a heavy rainfall, and no 
March dust. 

Highest maximum temperature, 58 deg., on the 20th. 
Lowest maximum, 42 deg., on the 17th. Highest minimum, 
41 deg., on 28th and 29th. Lowest do., 21 deg., on the 17th. 
Lowest on grass, 16 deg., on 17th; at or below 32 deg. in the 
screen on 12 days; do. on the grass on 20 days. Range of 
barometer between 30.3 and 28.7. 

Strawberry-leaved Cinquefoil came into bloom on the 
ist, Wood Anemone on the 20th, Primrose on the 24th, 
Dandelion on the 28th. Saw first Bat on the 2oth. 


APRIL. 


The rst was a fine spring morning, bright and cheery. 
Birds singing all round. This mixed up with a little colder 
weather and an E. wind continued till the roth, when there 
was a fall of about 4 inches of snow, which went away in a 
few days. From the ioth till the end of the month there was 
a good deal of wet, stormy weather, with wind mostly from 
the S. and S.W. On the 26th the distant hills had a covering 
of snow. Vegetation made good progress, and by the end 
of the month there was a fair amount of grass. Corn sowing, 
which began on the 1st, had been kept back by the wet 
weather. There were medium floods on the Cluden on the 
16th and 30th. Thunder was heard on the 17th. 

Highest maximum temperature, 67 deg., on the 29th. 
Lowest maximum, 45 deg., on the 11th. Highest minimum, 
46 deg., on the gth. Lowest minimum, 28 deg., on the rst. 
Lowest on the grass, 23 deg., on the 1st. At 32 degrees and 
under in the screen on 3 days; do. on the grass on 12 days. 
Range of barometer between 30.4 and 29.2 inches. 

_ Sweet Violet in bloom on the 1st, Flowering Currant on 
the 1st, Jargonelle Pear on the roth, Dog Violet on the 22nd, 
Sloe on the 26th, Cuckoo Flower on the 27th. Sandmartin 
first seen on the 12th, first Swallow on the 17th, Willow Wren 
on the 25th. Cuckoo first heard on the 30th. 


WEATHER AND OTHER NOTEs. 147 


May. 

A fine May morning ushered in the ‘‘ Merry Month,’”’ no 
frost and plenty of dew. From the 2nd till the 23rd there was 
a continuance of wet, cold, changeable weather, a good deal of 
thunder, with the wind mostly from an easterly direction. 
There were floods on the Cluden on the 7th and gth. From 
the 23rd till the end of the month there was more genial 
weather, witha higher temperature and S.W. wind. There 
was a good growth of grass and every prospect of a heavy hay 
crop. A lot of potato planting (which could not be done in 
April through the wet) was done during the month. Turnip 
sowing began on the 16th. 

Highest maximum temperature, 74 deg., on 3oth. 
Lowest maximum, 49 deg., on the 6th. Highest minimum, 
54 deg., on the 29th. Lowest minimum, 33 deg., on the 15th. 
At 32 degrees and under on the grass on 2 days; do. in the 
screen, none. Range of barometer between 30.4 and 29.5 
inches. 

Violets and Primroses very plentiful. Blenheim Apple 
came into bloom on the 1st, Wild Hyacinth on the 7th, Garden 
Strawberry on the 14th, Chestnut on the 21st, Hawthorn on 
the 22nd, Lilac on the 23rd. The Small White Butterfly first 
seen on the 26th; first Wasp on the 26th. 


JUNE. 


This month came in with sunshine and shower. [From 
the 5th till the 1oth the weather was changeable, cold, wet, 
and stormy. From this on till the end of the month it was 
dryer and more seasonable. There was an exceptional vege- 
table growth; grass was abundant. Thunder was heard on 
several days. Turnips that were sown on the 16th of May 
were hoeing on the 18th. 

Temperature about normal. Highest maximum, 78 
deg., on the 17th. Lowest maximum, 54 deg., on the roth. 
Highest minimum, 55 deg., on the 17th. Lowest minimum, 
37 deg., on 1st. No frost. Rainfall slightly above the 
normal, but only about half that of 1912. Wind principally 
from the W. and S.W. Range of barometer between 30.4 
and 29.5 inches. 


148 WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 


Ox-Eye Daisy came into bloom on the ist, Wild Rose on 
the 8th. 

JuLy. 

This was a fine, dry, warm summer month, with variable 
wind. There was a small rainfall, and by the end of the 
month the grass on the knowes and light land was getting 
burned, and in many localities water for domestic purposes 
was getting short. Ryegrass and meadow crops were secured 
in fine condition with a minimum of labour. Corn that was 
sown on the 7th of April was ragging on the 5th.. Cutting 
meadow hay began on the 5th. The 15th of this month is 
generally known as St. Swithen’s Day. The well-known 
tradition—‘‘ That if it rain on that particular day it will rain 
on the 40 succeeding days; and should there be no rain on the 
15th 4o dry days will follow ’’—I need hardly add, has been 
proved to be without foundation. 

The temperature of the month was. about normal. 
Highest maximum, 85 deg., on the 29th. Lowest maximum, 
59 deg., on the 21st. Highest minimum, 57 deg., on several 
days. Lowest minimum, 41 deg., on the 23rd. No frost. 
Range of barometer between 30.4 and 29.9 inches. This was 
the only day during the month that the barometer was below 
30 inches. 

Hare Bell came into bloom on the 9th. Meadow Brown 
Butterfly first seen on the 7th. 


AUGUST. 


Fine dry summer weather continued throughout the 
month. Only 1.19 inches of rain fell, and more than the half 
of this amount, .57 in., fell on the 21st; this was not nearly 
sufficient for the land and crops. It was simply a surface 
watering; it revived the turnips and grass a little, but was 
too late for the corn. On all light soils the grass was quite 
withered up. On heavier land it was dry and sapless. Yet 
stock did very well on the dry grass, especially where they 
had plenty of water. The water supply in many districts was. 
now getting very low. The wind was variable till the roth, 
mostly from an easterly direction. This was followed by 
wind principally from the W. and S.W. Harvesting began 


e 


WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 149 


on the 22nd. Corn that was sown on the 7th of April shot on 
the 5th of July, was cut on the 28th of this month. 

The temperature of the month was normal. Highest 
maximum, 82 deg., on the 29th. Lowest maximum, 63 deg., 
on the 21st. Highest minimum, 59 deg., on the 15th and 
29th. Lowest minimum, 37 deg., on the 7th. Lowest on 
grass, 34 deg., on the 7th. Range of barometer between 
30.4 and 29.8 inches. 

Wasps were rather scarce, which is unusual, especially 
in a dry summer. 


SEPTEMBER. 


Dry weather still continued. On the 12th and 13th over 
an inch of rain fell, and was followed by more on the 22nd. 
This welcome rain gave renewed life and freshness to grass 
and turnips, and where not too far gone put them right for the 
autumn. This rain only brought the surface drought to an 
end, as many springs were still dry, and in a great many 
places water for stock and domestic use was procured only 
with a lot of trouble. The wind was easterly for 20 days. 
It did not, however, bring the low temperature so often 
associated with our spring east winds. The weather was all 
that could be desired for the in-gathering of the harvest. 
Corn was a good crop on heavy soils. On light land it was 
considerably injured by the drought. 

Highest maximum temperature, 73 deg., on the 7th and 
28th. Lowest maximum, 57 deg., on the 13th. Highest 
minimum, 58 deg., on the 25th. Lowest minimum, 34 deg., 
on the 16th. Lowest on grass, 32 degrees on 3 days. Range 
of barometer between 30.5 and 29.4 inches. 

Last Swallow seen on the 24th. 


OCTOBER. 


The weather throughout the month was very mild, with 
the exception of the 13th and 29th, which were wet and 
stormy. The wind from the 11th was mostly from an easterly 
direction. 3.50 inches of rain fell, but most of the deeper 
springs continued dry at the end of the month. The Dumfries 
water supply from Lochrutton continued to be quite sufficient 


150 WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 


as to quantity, but was contaminated with a great deal of 
decaying vegetable matter, which made it very objectionable. 

Highest maximum temperature, 65 deg., on the 1st and 
19th. Lowest maximum, 50 deg., on the 23rd and 24th. 
Highest minimum, 53 deg., on the 2nd and 18th. Lowest 
minimum, 31 deg., on the 21st. Lowest on the grass, 21 
deg., on the 23rd. At 32 degrees and under in the shade on 
3 days. Do. on the grass on 6 days. Range of the barometer 
between 30.3 and 29.2 inches. 


NOVEMBER. 


The weather during the month was very mild, except on 
the rst and 17th, when it was rather stormy, with a high wind 
on the latter date. There was little frost, and the fields were 
fresh and green. Young cattle went out on the grass most of 
the day. Wind was principally from the W. and S.W. 

Highest maximum temperature, 57 deg., on the 17th and 
27th. Lowest maximum, 47 deg., on the 6th and 26th. 
Highest minimum, 50 deg., on the 28th. Lowest minimum, 
25 deg., on the 21st. Lowest on the grass, 21 degrees. At 
32 degrees and under in the screen on 4 days. Do. on the 
grass on 8 days. Range of barometer between 30.3 and 29.2 
inches. 

DECEMBER. 

Till the 25th the weather of this month was also very 
mild for the time of the year. With the wind mostly from the 
N.W. and S.W., from the 26th it was more like winter, with 
a North and N.E. wind. There were snow showers on the 
26th, and the distant hills had a covering of snow. There was 
a snap of pretty hard frost on the last three days. 

Highest maximum temperature, 54 deg., on the 8th. 
Lowest, 32 deg., on the 31st. Highest minimum, 45 deg., on 
3 days. Lowest, 16 deg.) oniithe: 3st. | At 32 deereesuand 
under in the shade on 13 days. Do. on the grass on 19 days. 
Range of barometer between 30.6 and 29.45 inches. The 
barometer registered the very high reading of 30.6 on four 
consecutive days from the r7th. 

The uncertainty of the weather is one of the most familiar 
of facts; no reliance can be placed on former records or 


WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 151 


statistics as to their being any guide in foretelling what the 
weather will be three days hence. 

On looking back over the weather of the year 1913 as 
a whole: January stormy, with temperature above the nor- 
mal. February very mild, a very wet spring, protracted 
summer drought, followed by an exceptionally mild autumn 
and winter. The summer, although dry, was not by any 
means a hot one. I gather from statistics where sunshine is 
recorded that the total hours of sunshine for the four months 
from June till September was below the average. During the 
year the temperature was in excess of the normal. This re- 
sulted almost entirely from the warmth of February and the 
last three months of the year. It has been found that on an 
average we get the coldest days of the year about the 22nd of 
January, about a month after the sun has reached its lowest 
altitude; and the warmest days of the year about the 22nd of 
July, just about a month after the sun has reached its highest 
altitude. I find the mean of the difference in temperature 
between the minimum temperature on the grass and the mini- 
mum temperature in the screen 4 feet above the ground for 
the 32 days following the longest and the shortest days in 
1913, from the 22nd of June till the 22nd of July. The daily 
mean difference is 2.8 degrees, and from the 22nd of December 
till the 22nd of January it is 3.8 degrees, a daily mean differ- 
ence of one degree. 

There were no continued frosts during the year, no 
heavy falls of snow, no remarkably heavy gales of wind, 
and no very high floods. 

The rainfall was just one inch below the mean of the last 
twenty years. 

Flowers generally came into bloom a little later than in 
1912, while the swallows stayed with us twelve days longer. 
The plants noted are those growing about the same place and 
under the same conditions from year to year. All notes (ex- 
cept where otherwise stated) refer to this immediate locality. 

Since writing the foregoing I have, in The English 
Mechanic of the 6th inst., read a short report of a lecture by 
Sir Oliver Lodge to the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 
under the title of ‘‘ The Electrification of the Atmosphere,” 


152 WEATHER AND OTHER NOTEs. 


in which hé said that ‘‘ he desired to experiment on changing 
the weather, and that meant experimenting on 1 Very large 
scale. If the weather were conditioned by the electrification 
of the air, we ought to try artificial electrification. It would, 
of course, be expensive and difficult ; but something was bound 
to happen if a trial were made; it might be a thunderstorm, 
bringing down rain. There were large tracts of the earth 
which would be better off for some control of the weather, and 
he ventured to offer one, possibly absurd, suggestion. The 
negative particles from the sun went to the Poles on account 
of the Terrestrial Magnetic field. Supposing that we inter- 
fered with that field by placing a large Section Copper Con- 
ductor for heavy currents like a girdle round the earth some- 
where near the Poles, not to require too much copper. If the 
earth’s interior were mainly iron, and its temperature were 
below the critical point, the permeability of the earth should 
be considerable, and a million amperes should do something. 
If there was no iron, or the temperature above the critical 
point, the million amperes would not do anything. But we 
might ascertain the facts by trying to magnetise the earth.’’ 
Had the foregoing suggestion not been made by such a 
high authority as Sir Oliver, I would have been inclined to use 
his own word concerning it, ‘‘ absurd.’’ Even should it be at 
all practicable to encircle the earth with a large section copper 
conductor, and to use a million ampere current on it, I fail 
to understand how the thunderstorm and rain could be 
localised, that is, how the rain could be made to come down 
just where it was required; also on large dry areas like the 
Sahara, or any other part where there was a severe drought, 
the air is perfectly dry, there is no aqueous vapour to form 
into clouds, and be brought down as rain by electrification. 


WEATHER AND OTHER NOTES. 153 


RAINFALL IN 1913. 


At Jardington, in the County of Kirkcudbright. Rain 
Gauge—Diameter of funnel, 5 inches; height of top above 
ground, 1 foot; height of top above sea level, 70 to 80 feet. 


Month. Total Depth. | Greatest Fall in 24 hours. ceca ee 

more recorded 

ae Inches. Inches. ad Date. 1 ene NS 
January... 4°60 ; 23 19 
February... 2°51 ‘79 3 1] 
March ne 4°43 “54 15 26 
April .. ste 4°71 ‘94 15 21 
May ... ¥: 4:48 | "62 13 22 
June.. oy 2°69 56 2 and 19 17 
July ... ae ‘67 26 6 8 
August sat 1-19 | ‘O7 21 i 
September ... 2°19 soi 13 10 
October... 3°50 | 53 29 20 
November ... 4°54 | 62 2 24 
December ... 2°33 ‘80 3 19 

Total, ope) 


154 RAINFALL RECORDS FOR THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES. 


a SS 1 SS SS 6 REAR 


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56 ASTRONOMICAL NOTES FOR 1913. 


Astronomical Notes for 1913. 


By JoHN RuTHERFORD of Jardington. 


There were three partial eclipses of the sun, and two total 
eclipses of the moon, all invisible here. There is not much to 
record in connection with the Planets of our system during the 
year. Our neighbour ‘‘ Mars,’’ during the later months was 
in a Conspicuous position in the sky near to “‘ Castor and 
was in the same constella- 


” 


Pollux,’’ in Gemini; ‘‘ Neptune 
tion in December; ‘‘ Saturn ’’ was in the adjoining constella- 
tion ‘‘ Taurus,’’ although the earth is at present moving 
away from this planet, and Saturn is becoming fainter. The 
ring system is well open and there is good opportunity for 
its observation. 

Six Comets were discovered during the year (all 
telescopic) :— 


)») 


The first, 1913a, was discovered by M. A. Schaumasse, 
of Nice Observatory, on the morning of the 7th of May, near 
Delta, ‘‘ Delphini.”’ It was about the roth magnitude, a 
faint nebulous object, without any sign of a tail. 

1913b was discovered by the Rev. J. H. Metcalf, Win- 
chester, Massachusetts, on the 2nd of September, in the con- 
stellation ‘“‘ Auriga.’’ It was about the roth magnitude. 

1913c was discovered by —. Neujmin, Pulkova Observa- . 
tory, St Petersburg, on the 6th of September, in the constella- 
tion “‘ Pisces,’’ about the roth magnitude. 

1913d, the fourth Comet of the year, was discovered by 
M. Delavan, assistant at the La Plata Observatory, Argentine 
Republic, on the 27th of September, in the constellation 
“ Aquarius,’’ about 1oth magnitude. It increased in bright- 
ness until it could be seen with a field glass. This turned out 
to be ** Westphal’s Comet,’’ which has a period of 61 years. 
It was a conspicuous object to the naked eye in 1852. 

The fifth Comet (e) was discovered on the 23rd of October 
by Herr Zinner, assistant at Bamberg Observatory, Bavaria. 
It was in the constellation ‘‘ Aquila.’’ I believe this furned 
out to be Giacobini’s short period comet, which was origin- 
ally discovered in 1900, 


Astronomical Notes FOR 1913. 157 


Comet (f) was discovered by M. Delavan, in the constella- 
tion ‘‘ Cetus ’’ on December 18th. As tnis comet will not 
pass perihelion until the end of October, 1914, it is quite pos- 
sible that it may develop into a brilliant spectacular object. 


Dumfries: Its Burghal Origin.* 
By GerorGE NEILson, LL.D. 


The difficulty about the generality of great subjects is 
to strike the road that leads to the heart of them. Most 
of us only manage to find paths that meander in and about 
after a labyrinthine fashion which does not enable the 
adequate ground plan to be sketched after we come out. 
So has it been, so probably it will for a while still be, with 
the remarkable historic phenomenon called feudalism—an 
institution of foreign growth, but developed by home culti- 
vation; military in all essentials, yet the basis of the real 
settled civil government of the country; a foundation of 
remorseless force, on which there rose a stately structure of 
peace, commerce, and civic freedom. Truly feudalism as 
we see it in Britain, still more as we see it in North Britain, 
is a mass of paradoxes. It was the moral of Samson’s 
riddle over again. Out of the eater came forth meat, out 
of the strong came forth sweetness—although in old Scot- 
land, as in Judea, it was the carcase rather than the live 
power which manifested the rich maturity of the scarcely 
expected product. 

Based on an organisation for warlike purposes, feu- 
dalism went out from the army into the land. The soldier’s 
pay was in his fief. The fief was connected on the one 
hand closely—most closely—with the system of national or 
dynastic defence; on the other it touched no less closely the 
inland administration. It was a little solar system of which 
the crown was the sun, but which had in every county its 
planets, each with revolving satellites; and sometimes the 
units grouped themselves in constellations known only to 


*This contribution is reprinted by favour of the Editor, from 
The Dumfries and Galloway Standard, May 24th, 1899, et seq. 


158 Dumrries: Its BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 


the astronomy of man—those star masses of freedom- 
seeking citizens who made in those far-off days the burghs 
in which there germinated the promise of so much human 
hope and glory, of so much material, mental, social, and 
political advance. If we would understand history aright 
we must get to see how out of Norman conquest, with all 
its tyrannous violence and blood, there not only sprang 
public order but also conditions which fostered that popular 
spirit with which it seemed at first so little compatible. In 
short, the story of the burghs is the real study of history ; 
it is a chapter of record perhaps more priceless than the 
story of parliament, for it lies nearer the vitals of social 
existence, and its formative influence—the most conspicuous 
organic feature visible in parliamentary institutions—has had 
an even wider range. 

What has Dumfriesshire to contribute towards the 
understanding or illustration of Scottish feudalism? What 
traces of the first rough working, of the rapidly-evolved 
modification, and of the manifold ultimate forces of what is 
styled the feudal system? What early footprints of its 
fateful progress can we find in the records of our county, 
its territorial divisions, and its burghs? Its tenures, do they 
tell anything of military service in its older forms? To what 
ages severally belong its burghal foundations? How comes 
it that Dumfries itself so clearly ante-dates the other cor- 
porations? These be hard questions, and the desultory 
contributions here offered are but fragments towards the 
answers. 

On the threshold faces us the need to come to some 
understanding with the word “‘burgh.’’ A royal burgh at 
an early period often combined the several qualities (1) of 
being on crown lands, (2) of possessing a royal castle (or 
rather castellum), (3) of being a county town, and (4) of 
exercising its jurisdiction over very wide bounds—sometimes 
those of the county. In the evidences for the fourth of these 
Dumfries compares disadvantageously with some other early 
burghs, such as Rutherglen, Elgin, Ayr, and even Wigtown. 
In the other three it conforms to the best types, and suggests 
comparison with Lanark, which, like Dumfries, is said to 


Dumrriges: Irs BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 159 


have been “‘ erectit in ane brugh royall’’ by that energetic 
emissary of feudalism, King William the Lion. 

There are extremely interesting differences between the 
far side of the Forth and the near side. The old Scotland, 
the Scotland of the earliest incipient feudalism of Malcolm 
Canmore and the devout Queen Margaret, lay on the north; 
the old earldoms, bishoprics, thanedoms, and even burghs, 
were there too. The feudal settlement of the west half of 
southern Scotland came late. Let us see what we can make 
of it so far as three shires and three shire towns—Lanark, 
Ayr, and Dumfries—are concerned. If we find repeated 
traces in them all of elements of origin demonstrable as 
having lain close about the roots of other county-burghs, 
we may awake to a new sense of the constitutional import- 
ance of the history of Dumfries. One of the greatest legal 
and institutional historians of our day observed some years 
ago, that in order to understand the bearings of national 
movements in early times it is necessary to have a minute 
acquaintance with the detailed local story of at least one 
particular district. Those who concern themselves with the 
chronicle of Dumfries, therefore, may hope to find in it some 
reflection, however restricted, of the whole great picture of 
the Scottish past in which it has an appreciable share. 

At the time of David I.’s accession to the Scottish 
throne what shall we say was the condition of the territories 
from the Clyde and the Annan to the sea? — Strathclyde, 
Strathgryfe, Cunningham, Kyle, Carrick, the Rhins, the 
Farinnes, the Desnes, Strath Nith, Strath Annan, the inde- 
finitely overlapping region of Galloway—the accent of the 
Celt is on their very names, Cunningham (Cunigam) perhaps, 
and only perhaps, excepted. It was in David’s time that a 
Norman settlement effectually began. Rutherglen is the 
first royal burgh we hear of existing in the south-west in 
that reign. Of its associations feudally five facts are to be 
marked. It had a royal castle; it was crown property; it 
had a wide subject area embracing in substance what is now 
known as the Lower Ward of Lanarkshire. That subject 
area explains how in 1221 the castellaria or castellany of 
Rutherglen, no doubt with a rental of its own, was part of 


GO Dumrries: Its BurGHAL ORIGIN. 


the Queen of Scotland’s dowry. Correctly or incorrectly, 
to round off our list of five points notable, there is even 
mention of a shire of Rutherglen. Glasgow in David’s day 
was a poor little village honoured as containing the tomb 
of St. Mungo, but as yet within the toll-bounds and under 
the thumb of Rutherglen. From Rutherglen to Carlisle, 
between them and the firths of Clyde and Solway, there 
seem to have been no royal burghs. Carlisle was virtually 
David’s capital: there latterly he lived, and there he died 
—facts typifying the southern motive power so active then. 
It was from Norman England that the great feudal move- 
ment of the twelfth century proceeded. 

The ‘‘ sair sanct’’ passed away; Malcolm the Maiden 
followed him. It is not till after William the Lion’s acces- 
sion that we find the conclusive mens burgus of a king 
applied to the town of Lanark. There are different char- 
acteristics here from those of Rutherglen. The subject area 
of the burgh (in after times at least) is small. There is, 
however, a royal castle, of which the mote-like mound 
remains ; subject to the castle is a large part of Lanarkshire, 
which we may reckon as coterminous with the Upper 
Ward. Lanark, like Rutherglen, is a castellany; and many 
a baron or knight of the shire holds his land by castleward. 

Ayr, again, is still more absolutely William the Lion’s 
creation. In 1197 there was made, the Melrose chronicle 
tells, the Novum opidum between Doon and Ayr. King 
William called it his Novum Castellum, and by charter dated 
between 1202 and 1207, declared that ‘‘ at his new castle 
upon Are he had made a burgh,’’ with extensive toll and 
trade jurisdictions as far east as Loudonhill, as far south 
as Lachtalpin in Wigtownshire, bounds which were the 
limits of the great wild shire vaguely counted part of the 
Galloway of early history. As a castellany it accompanied 
those of Lanark and Rutherglen in the warrandice of the 
dowry of Alexander II.’s bride. 

Circuitously we reach Dumfries, not needing to tarry 
either at Wigtown or Kirkcudbright by the way, as to all 
seeming these were not burghs yet. If Lord Hailes con- 
cluded wisely that the castle at Ayr was put up to restrain 


Dumrries: Its BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 161 


Galloway, we may speculate with equal reason that the 
castles of Lanark and Dumtfries had the same object. First 
in William the Lion’s charters does there emerge mention 
of both, and the same general argument of cause applies to 
each. If Lanark has a castlehill, Dumfries is still better 
furnished with the material vouchers of a military past, 
having both Mote and Castledykes, to say nothing of the 
adjacent Mote of Troqueer. If baronies of Lanarkshire held 
by castleguard, so did baronies of Dumfriesshire; if judges 
of Galloway are recorded to have sat at Lanark, so they 
did at Dumfries ; if Lanark is a county town, so is Dumfries ; 
if events made the one famous as a military centre, the same 
fact is clear of the other; and if speculation is equally 
needed for the origins of both, one might with some force 
contend that Ayr is a legitimate example to appeal to—an 
example of the founding of a burgh at a particular time and 
under conditions which may be assumed to have been much 
alike in all the fringes of Galloway. 

Suppose, then, that Ayr is the best key we can use, 
what doors unlock themselves? The irreducible minimum 
of certainty is that there William the Lion builds a new 
castle, and that that produces a new burgh. It has been 
argued that a new castle implies an old one. But no proof 
of such an earlier castle exists, and the verbal argument 
by itself is worthless. When Sweetheart Abbey was built 
it was called, and has ever since been called, the New Abbey. 
Did that infer that an abbey was there before? When 
Robert Curthose in 1080 built the New Castle upon Tyne 
did that mean there was a previous fortress? Not so. 
Who will say there was an older castle of Ayr must bring 
us different proofs, and no such proofs have ever been 
advanced. Ayr historically was the creation of William the 
Lion, and its dominating purpose was evidently military. 
We may fitly reckon it a garrison town. 

Of the beginnings of Lanark we have no chronicle. 
William the Lion was often there, and the county tenures 
shew that its castle was maintained by contributions from 
the baronies. The history of the institution known as castle- 
ward appears to be, that at first the barons in turn had to 


162 Dumrries: Its BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 


send knights to serve as guards in the castle for 4o days 
each year, a duty subsequently commuted to a payment of 
20s a year. There is charter reason for believing that such 
commutations were already made by the year 1221 in some 
cases. The necessity of personal attendance of knights for 
castle duty annually is believed to have been a weighty 
influence in the development of the little towns which grew 
up at the foot of the castle rampart or within the encircling 
ditch of its wide base-court. If William the Lion or his 
brother Malcolm the Maiden, who was a gallant fellow 
despite the feminine epithet, made the castle—the mote- 
mound crowned with a fortress dwelling, doubtless not very 
magnificent at first—the burgh-town was a natural sequence 
as likely to be royally encouraged from military considera~- 
tions as from the broader ends of national policy. It 
secured so much the better the supply of stores for the 
garrison; it increased the resources in point of arms and 
men; and it tended to the promotion of agriculture, reclaim- 
ing from the waste acre upon acre, with every toft which 
found its burgess occupant. The land was the king’s too, 
its rental was increased thus, and the town was a burgh of 
the king’s. Such was the story of Ayr; such, it is scarcely 
possible to doubt, had been the earlier tale of Lanark. And 
now we reach Duntfries. 

The fates of Strath Nith as a province are not un- 
ravelled. We do not know how the property at Dumfries 
came to be the King’s, but certainly under William the Lion 
the King’s it was. | However this may have happened, it 
is the fact which is of chief account. Perhaps the local and 
national circumstances of the time may aid us in the attempt 
to grasp the complex whole. Dumfries was reckoned in the 
twelfth century and later as in Galloway; and Galloway in 
the latter part of the twelfth century was a very lively place. 
Time after time the Kings of Scotland—aye, and at least 
one King of England—had tackled the project of its sub- 
jugation; but in spite of ‘‘scutage of Galloway’ in the 
southern realm, and invasion and fortress building by the 
northern Kings, the moorland heights of Criffel and Cairns- 
moor and Merrick were as hard to girdle with a permanent 


Dumrrigs: Irs BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 163 


Norman civilisation as were the slopes of Snowdon in 
Wales, where a kindred landscape and a kindred race and 
a kindred fierceness of courage and tribal sentiment long 
made conquest a devout hope of which realisation was far 
remote. Yet Malcolm IV. made good headway after three 
expeditions against these, his sturdy but intractable subjects. 
Forts were put up amongst them, most probably, as has 
been elsewhere! shewn, those Motes which are so curiously 
important in the archeological remains of the south-west. 
The plantation of these forts was accompanied by the settle- 
ment of Anglo-Norman families, at once garrisons and 
colonists. It may well be that the original castle of Dum- 
fries was one of Malcolm’s forts, and that the Mote of 
Troqueer, at the other side of a ford of the river, was the 
first little strength of the series by which the Norman grip 
of the province was sought to be maintained. 

It is, however, in the highest degree significant that on 
the outbreak of war in 1173 with Henry II. William should 
be so carefully, and with such minute circumstance, 
described as holding by himself and his vassals the castles 
of Stirling, Edinburgh, Jedburgh, Berwick, Roxburgh, 
Lauder, Annan, and Lochmaben, while there is no mention 
of either Lanark or Dumfries. The inference is that these 
places were either unfortified or of no note as strengths, 
and were not yet established (on any permanent footing at 
anyrate) as royal castles. The Norman hold on Galloway 
was eminently precarious. After William the Lion’s capture 
by the English in 1174 the men of Galloway who had fol- 
lowed his banner in the expedition returned home in a mood 
of determined hostility to the intrusive Englishmen and 
Normans who had set themselves down in the province. 
‘*Uchtred, the son of Fergus, and Gilbert, his brother,’’ 
we are told by an ancient historian, ‘‘ when they heard that 
their lord the King of Scots was taken, at once returned 
with their Galwegians into their own parts, and immediately 
expelled from Galloway all the bailies and guards whom the 
King of Scotland had set over them; all the Englishmen and 


1 Scottish Review, October, 1898, pp. 209-238. 


164 Dumrrigs: Its BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 


French whom they could lay hold of they slew; and all the 
strongholds and castella which the King of Scotland had 
fortified in their land they besieged, captured, and destroyed, 
slaughtering all they found within.’’? Celtic fury burst forth 
at extreme heat. A Scots historian’ records the wicked and 
merciless slaughter of French and English men, and the very 
great and very pitiful persecution of the English, stopping at 
no cruelty, and appeasable by no ransom. To this period, it 
seems to me, we may attribute a new castle, which came in 
place of an old castlestead, and to this time also we must look 
for the foundation of the burgh of Dumfries—the occasion of 
the burghal status to whatever in the shape of village may 
have already existed there. 

Those disturbances were not all external, Gilbert and 
Uchtred fell out between themselves, and Uchtred was 
inhumanly mutilated at his brother’s instigation, dying very 
shortly afterwards in consequence. Meanwhile the game of 
intrigue was afoot. Henry II. was eager to bring the lords 
of Galloway directly under his sovereignty. Gilbert was 
eager to throw off his allegiance to the King of Scotland, 
and probably anticipated that by becoming the vassal of 
Henry he might effect his first purpose, trusting to the 
chapter of chances for securing ultimately an absolute 


independence. William’s captivity, of course, facilitated 
such a hope; but the proposals did not come to the desired 
issue. In 1175, as one of the conditions of liberation, 


William with his nobles did homage to Henry at York— 
homage to the English Crown for the whole realm of Scot- 
land. The first of his enterprises after his release was to 
make war upon Gilbert. To do this he had the express 
permission of the feudal over-lord of Scotland, Henry II.,* 
or rather perhaps we should say he received Henry’s com- 
mand, for Gilbert was now as much Henry’s rebel as 
William’s. Accordingly, William led an army into Gallo- 
way,° with the result that the ferocious Gilbert submitted, 


2 Falgrave’s Documents, p. 80, also Benedict, i., 67. 
3 Fordun Annals, ch. xi. 

4 Benedict, 1., 99. 

5 Fordun Annals, ch. 14. 


Dumrrigs: Its BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 165 


and in 1176 was conducted by William to Henry’s court at 
Feckenham, in Worcestershire. There, for a promise of 
#1000, he made his peace, and did homage to the English 
King against all men (that is, without any reservation in 
favour of William), and so returned, if not quite independent, 
at anyrate freer and more defiant than ever before of the 
King of Scotland, and cherishing a deadly hostility against 
the Anglo-Normans, the alienigene who had been planted 
in the province, and whom he proceeded to expel or extermi- 
nate.® ; 

Gilbert evidently nourished an undying hatred of those 
Norman influences which King William represented. 
Repeatedly the hordes of Gallovidians broke into the more 
civilised region which lay eastward of their borders. Sig- 
nificant is the name given to Gilbert by a contemporary 
annalist—‘‘ the enemy of the King of Scotland, his lord.’’? 
Racial antagonism interprets for us this keenness_ of 
feud. ‘‘ The fortified towns and burghs of Scotland 


” 


are well known,’’ wrote William of Newburgh, ‘“‘to be 
inhabited by Englishmen.’’ Anglo-Normans were the 
garrison-colonists of the feudal settlement, and it was no 
wonder that the dispossessed Celt avenged himself when he 
could upon his evictor. On the other hand, it was the 


plainest dictate of policy—nay, shall we not say of grim 


necessity in the face of the barbarian danger ?—to strengthen 
and develop where it might be those little fortress-towns 
where the English dwelt, dreaded by the Celt, and returning 
(as we shall see at Dumfries) his hatred with a contemptuous 
animosity no less intense. From 1174 until 1185 Gilbert 
gave William 'ittle peace. History tells specifically of 
William’s offensive proceedings: it leaves to inference the 
defensive measures adopted by him along what may be 
called the Celtic line, the borderland of Galloway. Gilbert 
had in a limited measure probably the goodwill of Henry 
behind him. It suited Henry that the King of Scotland 
should have subjects too powerful, and should feel the thorn 


6 Benedict, i., 126. 
7 Benedict, i., 336. 


166 DumFRIESs: Its BURGHAL ORIGIN. 


in his side. In Henry’s absence on the continent in 1184, 
William collected an army, and was on the point of advanc- 
ing against Gilbert when the news of the English monarch’s 
return stopped the purpose. William disbanded his army.§ 
In January, 1185, Gilbert died, and the rival claims of 
Roland, the son of Uchtred, and Duncan, the son of Gilbert, 
made Galloway the scene of a very fierce civil war, culmi- 
nating in a bloody battle and leaving Roland victorious. At 
this stage of the story of Galloway it is well to interject the 
early charters of Dumfries, with a view to approaching more 
nearly than has yet been done their dates, and thus reaching 
conclusions on the historical bearings of the deeds. 

1. When William the Lion confirmed to the bishopric 
of Glasgow certain rights of teinds, his writ was granted 
at Dumfries (apud Dunfrez), and the witnesses were :— 

Richard de Moreville, constable. 
Walter fitz Alan, steward. 
Walter Olif[ard]. 

Robert de Quinci. 

William de Vetripont. 

This list is decisive on one point: the deed cannot have 
been later than 1177, the year in which Walter the Steward 
died. This is probably the oldest documentary mention of 
Dumfries in connection with royalty.2 There is no word, 
however, implying a burgh. Conceivably enough, we have 


8 Benedict, 1., 313. 

9 Perhaps the earliest mention of Dumfries in any connec- 
tion is in a charter granted there by Radulf or Ranulf, the son 
of Dunegal, to the Hospital of St. Peter of York. ‘‘R. son of 
Dunegal grants them of his heritage in Dronfres two bovates free 
of all custom and service. 

Witnesses Gilchrist son of Brun. 

Gilendonrut Bretnach. 

Gilcomgal MacGilblaan. 

Udard son of Uttu. 

Waldev son of Gilchrist. 
And many others. At Dronfres.’’ (Bain’s Cal., ii., 1606.) The 
granter flourished in the middle of the twelfth century under 
King David and King Malcolm IV. It would be hazardous to 
offer a particular date, for the witnesses, evidently local Celts, 
are not public persons whose careers and obiits are recorded. 


Dumrries: Irs BurGHAL ORIGIN. 167 


here a vestige of William’s Galloway campaign and embassy 
in 1175 and 1176. 

2. Of very exceptional note is a charter granted by 
King William at Gretna :— 

‘‘ William King of Scots grants [to the hospital of St. 
Peter of York] 2} carucates in the territory of Dumfries 
and Kulenach [Conheath] in frank almoigne and freedom 
from toll and custom for all their men dwelling there except 
traders.. Witnesses : 

Joceline, bishop of Glasgow (1174-1199). 

Richard de Moreville, constable (died 1189). 

Robert the Chaplain. 

Robert de Quynci. 

Hugh de Sigillo [made Chancellor 1188] and Richard de 

Prebenda, his (the King’s) clerks. 

Robert de Bruys. 

Alan fitz Walter [Steward 1177-1204]. 

Rolland fitz Uchtred. 

Walter de Berkley, Chamberlain [after 1180]. 

William de Lyndsee. 

At Gretenhou.’’!0 

Leaving for later treatment the proposal of a more 
definite date, it seems clear that this deed must lie between 
1180 and 1188. The gift to St. Peter’s hospital is probably 
due to St. Peter’s being the cathedral church of York, to 
which for long Galloway was a subject see. Besides, in 
that church in 1175 the homage of Scotland was done to 
Henry II. 

3. King William granted to the church of Glasgow" 
that toft at Dumfries which is between the old castlestead 
(vetus castellarium) and the church, viz., from the castle- 
stead to the cemetery of the church. The witnesses were :— 

David, ‘‘ my brother.’’ 

Abbat El[rnald] of Melrose [made abbot of Rievaux 1189]. 
Richard de Morville, constable. 

Walter de Berkeley, chamberlain. 

Philip de Valun. 


10 Bain’s Cal., ii., 1606. 
ll Reg. Glas., p. 42. 


168 DumFRIES: Its BURGHAL ORIGIN. 


These names, as in No. 3, restrict the date within 1180-1189. 
The implication that the old castlestead proves the existence 
of a new castle does not rest merely on this allusion, but on 
the subsequent continuous references to the actual castle, 
which presumably occupied a fresh site, possibly not far 
from the original one. 

4. King William also!? confirmed to the Abbey of 
Kelso the church of Dumfries, with lands and tithes and 
all oblations, and the chapel of St. Thomas in that burgh, 
and the toft to that chapel belonging, with five acres of 
land, ‘‘ which to said church and chapel,’’ said the King, 
‘“in free almoigne I gave, and by Philip de Valonits caused 
to be delivered to them, with all the just pertinents of said 
church, so that it shall not be lawful to anyone to alienate 
that church or chapel, or their rents or benefices, from the 
church work (ab operatione ecclesie) of Kelso and the uses 
of the brethren.’’ Witnesses :— 

J[ocelyn], bishop of Glasgow (1174-99). 

H[ugh], bishop of St. Andrews (1183-1188). 

J[ohn], bishop of Dunkeld (1183-1203). 

M[atthew], bishop of Aberdeen (1172-99). ee 

H[enry |, abbot of St. Thomas (Arbroath), (1178-1201). 

Earl Duncan ( -1204). 

Philip de Valoniis. 

William de Lyndesie. 
This gift, which was made at Dumfries (apud Dunfres), is 
hy its witnesses limited between the year 1183 and 1:88. 

Strong presumptions arise from this donation to Kelso 
that William had himself been the founder and builder, or 
rebuilder, of the church of Dumfries. When its rents were 


lla Since this was written (1899) I have satisfied myself that 
the vetus castellariwm was the mote of which about one-third still 
overhangs the road on the left bank of the Nith at Castledykes. 
It is within the greunds of Castledykes, and is known as Para- 
dise. The subject has been dealt with by me in a Rhind lecture 
not yet published (October, 1913). 

12 Tiber de Kelso, 317. 


13 Compare list of witnesses in deed by Malcolm, Earl of 
Athole, in Acts of Parliament of Scotland, i., 387, 


Dumrriges: Irs BurGHAL ORIGIN. 169 


thus conveyed as an endowment of the brethren and the 
kirk wark of Kelso Abbey—a grant afterwards confirmed 
by the Bishop of Glasgow, because Dumfries was in his 
diocese—it is at least evident that church, chapel, toft lands, 
and tithes were the king’s to give; and as Dumfries church 
is never mentioned before, it will be for those—if there be 
any—who say that it was not new to shew their reasons. 
Returning once more to chronicle, can we discover 
anything there that will help to determine the period of 
all or any of these three charters—z2, 3, and 4? It seems 
certain that we can. In the end of May, 1186, Henry II. 
held a.great Council at Oxford. William the Lion was 
there with many of his nobles. With him were Jocelyn, 
bishop of Glasgow, and Ernald, abbot of Melrose. Part 
of the business done was an arrangement for his marriage 
with Ermengard. Nor was that the only stroke of policy 
that Henry achieved. When the Scotsmen left the court 
it was with commands from Henry to make war upon 
Roland, and compel him to “ stand to right ’’ in the king’s 
court for breach of fealty in his unauthorised seizure of his 
uncle Gilbert’s lands. So soon as Roland got wind of this 
he mustered an army of horse and foot, blocked as far as 
he could the approaches to Galloway, and placed across the 
roads trees cut through the middle. This was a familiar 
military expedient of the period both in England and 
Ireland, and was known as “‘ plashing’’ the ways. Henry 
with a great army marched to Carlisle. Arrived there, he 
despatched King William and his brother Earl David to 
bring Roland to his presence. At first Roland would not 
go; whereupon Henry sent King William and Earl David 
back to him with Hugh, bishop of Durham, and Ranulf de 
Glanvil, the great justiciar, who had been one of William’s 
captors in 1174. The second embassage succeeded. In 
July or August, 1186, Roland went to Carlisle, and there, 
by command of .William, swore fealty to Henry “‘ against 
all men.’’ And William swore, and David swore, and all 
the earls and barons of Scotland swore, says the chroricle,™4 


14 Benedict, i., 349. 


170 Dumrrizs: Irs BurGHAL ORIGIN. 


that if Roland did not keep his word they would “‘ confound 
the said Roland until he did satisfaction to the lord King of 
England.’’ Besides, Jocelyn, Bishop of Glasgow, promised 
on the Word of Truth, and on the relics of the saints, that if 
Roland broke faith he would launch against him the thunders 
of excommunication. 

If the list of distinguished persons occurring in this 
narrative from the chronicles (covering the time from the 
end of May, 1186, till the beginning of August in the same 
year) be now compared with the names in the three Dum- 
fries charters, not only do we find the King, Bishop 
Jocelyn, Roland, Earl David, and Abbot Ernald present as 
witnesses, but in the Gretna charter Roland appears 
actually in the train of William at Gretna, where there was 
the famous ford of Sulwath, or Solway, the direct road to 
and from Carlisle. Hence it seems exceedingly probable 
that these charters may with confidence be referred to July 
or August, 1186. And thus to 1186 will be assigned the 
earliest attribution to it of the character of a burgh. It is 
called a burgh in one of the three charters; another of them 
by its allusion to the old castlestead implies the recent 
erection of a new castle; besides the church of St. Michael, 
most likely a recent erection, there is a chapel to Thomas 


15 This was the period, it must be remembered, of the long 
quarrel over the bishopric of St. Andrews between Hugh, King 
William’s chaplain, who was the royal nominee, and John, sur- 
named the Scot, nominee of the chapter of St. Andrews, the 
latter being supported by the Pope. A sort of reconciliation was 
effected in 1183 by which Hugh got the St. Andrews see and 
John that of Dunkeld. The controversy, however, was not finally 
settled by this compromise. In July, 1186, both prelates were in 
Scotland (Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, ii., 262-5), although 
summons was being issued for their appearance immediately at 
the Roman court. Later in the year Hugh was suspended and 
excommunicated (ibid., 265) by the very bishop of Glasgow who 
heads the list of witnesses to the foregoing charter, No. 4, to 
which the rival bishops are also both attestants. Hugh went to 
Rome and never returned, dying in 1188. Thus 1183 is the 
earliest possible, 1186 the latest possible date. The persuasions 
for preferably connecting the deed with the episodes of 1186 are 
therefore in full harmony with chronological conditions. 


Dumrrigs: Irs BurGHAL ORIGIN. 17 


of Canterbury, killed in 1170, whose most famous memorial 
in Scotland was Arbroath Abbey, founded by William in 
1178. There was soon another chapel, if it was not already 
existing in 1186. It was in the castle,!6 as we learn from a 
litigation dating about the year 1200. ‘Most likely it was 
that chapel dedicated to St. Mary, and commonly called the 
“* Castledikis,’’ of which we still hear in the sixteenth 
century.1" 

On all sides are indications of rapid movement between 
1173 and 1200. A new castle, a new church, a new chapel 
to St. Mary, a new chapel to St. Thomas, a new burgh, 
first heard of in 1186, simultaneously with the new castle. 
The latter must have been a peculiarly necessary institution 
for the military organisation of the Dumfriesshire knights’ 
fees, which by turns furnished its garrison. On the wild 
Galloway frontier Dumfries Castle had been built, and 
Dumfries burgh had been instituted by King William to 
help in keeping down and stopping the periodic outbreaks 
of the marauding Celt, whose predatory renown was 
unhappily a commonplace with the townsmen. So to check 
and keep properly subject the ever: rebellious Moray, the 
“wild, wicked Highlandmen,’’ William founded Inverness 
and Nairn. So to tighten his hold on Kyle and Carrick, 
the northern part of Galloway, he founded Ayr. Burgh 
and castle went together; a single policy cherished both. 

The considerations, which in the burghal rise of 
Dumfries make so powerfully for the support of the thesis 
that the prime object was military, lose nothing in weight 
when the early organisation of the county in respect of its 
land tenures is put alongside the history of the town. If 
the castle was so probably the occasion of the burgh it was 
still more certainly the military and administrative centre 
of the rural shire. The castle of Dumfries had dependent 
upon it, just as Lanark had, a number of baronies liable 
for castle-ward. It was not enough to provide the fortress ; 
the machinery for garrisoning it was equally a necessity. 


16 Liber de Kelso, 260-1. 
17 Reg. Mag. Sig., iii., 2088. 


172 Dumrries: Irs BurRGHAL ORIGIN. 


And in this connection there is a fact which is of great 
direct moment as bearing on the date of Dumfries castle 
and burgh. When David I., about or soon after 1124, 
granted Annandale to Robert de Brus there was no stipu- 
lation for castle-ward in the tenure. It is fair to argue 
from the terms of the charter that the county of Dumfries 
was as yet an institution of the future. David I. knew 
Strath Annan and Strath Nith. The county of Dumfries he 
could know as little as the castle and the burgh. All three 
lay in the future, and all three probably took form and 
name about the same time. In 1166, by the renewal 
charter of Annandale granted by William the Lion to the 
second Robert de Brus, it was declared that that wide 
stretch of territory was held for the service of ten knights, 
except the ward of the king’s- castles, whereof the king dis- 
charged him. It was a most important exception. 

The feudal obligation—appurtenant to land tenure— 
of keeping guard in a royal castle is an institution of a 
very wide application, notwithstanding which considerable 
obscurity still prevails on this function. It was in use on 
the continent and all over England under the Norman 
kings. How it was introduced is not so clear; probably 
it was not a perfected system until a half-century at least 
after the Conquest. And by its very nature it tended to 
re-shape itself, to pass out of a duty of actual service, and 
to become a payment instead. Indeed, legislation became 
necessary as abuses arose, and Magna Charta provided a 
remedy for the case where a feudal vassal, after doing his 
turn of warding the castle, found himself distrained for 
payment of a money tax for the same object. In Scotland 
the record of the thing is fragmentary, yet the pieces fit 
well into the known circumstances of the institution in 
England. We can boast the possession of a charter of 
date 1160, which provides for the tenure of lands in Moray- 
shire, granted by Malcolm IV., ‘‘ for rendering to me the 
service of one knight in my castle of Elgin.’’!8 And we can 
compare with it a charter relative to lands in Roxburghshire 


18 Familie of Innes, pp. 51-2. 


Dumrrigs: Its BURGHAL ORIGIN. 173 


of date believed to be about 1221, whereby the king (Alex- 
ander II.) commuted the service of guarding for 40 
days the castle of Roxburgh into a payment of 20s a 
year, under careful reservation, however, that if war 
broke out and danger of invasion loomed ahead _ the 
vassal-knight was still to be liable to watch and ward 
and even to march with the host to battle.49 The importance 
attaching to this charter, which was first printed in the 
article just referred to, lies chiefly in its ready and, indeed, 
almost necessary adaptation not only to the particular Rox- 
burgh holding, to which it specially belonged, but also to 
the many other cases of baronies in other counties, such 
as Berwick, Edinburgh, Stirling, Lanark, and Dumfries, 
where the tenure was by castleguard, per wardam castri. 
It enables us to say that where in the fourteenth century 
there was prevalent a payment of, say, 20s a year levied 
on certain baronies in name of castleward, the inference 
is scarcely defeasible that in the late twelfth or early thir- 
teenth century there must have been a personal feudal duty 
of doing service by self or knightly deputy in maintaining 
for forty days annually the garrison of the county castle. 
Thus in Dumfriesshire, under Robert the Bruce, castleward 
was paid to the sheriff. The baronies from which it partly 
came are named in 1336:—Staplegorton, 20s; Mallaynok, 
20s; Kirkmichael, 10s; Tinwald, 10s. But this only accounts 
for £3, while in 1328-9, the last year of Robert the 
Bruce, the amount collected was £7 5s,% shewing that 
we have not the full list of castleward-paying baronies. 
At a more remote time there were in all likelihood a good 
many other baronies of the same tenure. The four we have, 
nevertheless, are enough to illustrate the principle that the 
responsibility of furnishing a garrison to the county castle 
of Dumfries had at one time rested on the rural baronies or 
certain of them. Thus it becomes evident that both town 
and county, considered as institutions under feudalism, had 
vital connection with the king’s castle. Nor will it be hard 


19 Juridical Review, April, 1899, p. 174. 
2 Bain, iii., 315-19. 


174 DuMEFRIES: Its BURGHAL ORIGIN. 


to shew that the same bond associated also the baronies with 
the burgh, that the baronies both maintained the castle and 
helped materially in making the burgh, that baron as well 
as burgess had a share in early burghal administration, and 
that thus the castle, the town, and the shire are in their 
initiatory developments inseparably interlocked. 

Of this close relation no more illuminating phenomenon 
exists than the legal connection which so curiously emerges 
in the famous inquest held in the castle of Dumfries over the 
death of Adam, the miller. One Sunday Adam picked a 
quarrel with a man named Richard, and in the cemetery of 
St. Michael’s called him ‘‘ a Galuvet, that is, a thief.’’ The 
following Thursday they came to blows in the street. Adam, 
who had been standing in a doorway, drew his knife. 
Richard drew his sword, and in the encounter that followed 
Adam was wounded so that he died. The date of this occur- 
rence is supposed to have been not long before 1259, probably 
in 1256. Mr M‘Dowall, in his History of Dumfries, set it 
down as having happened during the reign of Malcolm IV., 
which extended from 1153 until 1165, but (apart from the 
fact that it mentions the ‘‘ burgesses,’’ and must therefore 
be subsequent to the burghal creation which Mr M‘Dowall 
assigned to ‘‘ probably about r1rg0”’) there is no authority 
for the suggestion of a date so unprecedentedly early. 
Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Innes, the great legal anti- 
quaries, placed the deed after 1232 and before 1259. Joseph 
Bain, the weightiest living authority, follows them, and all 
the evidence supports the united view.?! 

Historically the value of the document turns not a little 
on the important constitutional fact that, although the man 
was killed in the town, the enquiry was conducted in the castle 
by the king’s bailies ; the oaths of upwards of thirteen citizens 
were taken; and sworn along with them and expressly con- 
curring were a number of barons. The sworn barones, we 
are told, agreed in all respects with the sworn burgesses. 
And all the burgesses and barons (the latter styled this time 
not barones but alii baronie) declared that the said Richard 


21 Acts Parl., i., 98, 


Dumrriges: Its BuRGHAL ORIGIN. 175 


was faithful in all things, while Adam had been a thief and 
of bad fame. Now, it is not easy in a single breath to advert 
to all the data here which go to shew the bearings of this 
old enquiry. Racially it is overwhelming proof that Dumfries 
(which equated Galwegian and thief) was strongly anti-Celtic 
in its tone. The jurors are partly burgesses and partly 
barons, a fact which is easily paralleled elsewhere and is 
deeply significant (1) of the as yet composite character of 
burghal government when burgess and baron sat together, 
(2) of the influence of the castle on the burgh, and (3) of the 
suggestiveness of this connection—the demonstration that in 
all probability the barons’ share of the jurisdiction was due 
directly and indirectly to their tenurial obligations towards 
the King’s castle of Dumfries. If year by year the rural 
baron came to do military duty in the royal castle, or sent 
his deputy for the purpose; if, as we know, the tendency 
asserted itself for him to own a house and croft in the town 
where his family or that of his retainer might dwell during 
the forty days as well as at other times; if the military centre 
gathered round it a social and civic influence of ever-widening 
reach; if in this way the best forces of both town and 
country united their effort towards a permanent urban settle- 
ment—we may well pause before we reject so many testi- 
monies to the share of the knights of early Dumfriesshire 
in the making of their county town. One remembers, with 
a better perception of its full meaning, how there were towns 
whose chief dignitary was the Constabularius—not so named 
as of the castle but as of the burgh—and that so late as the 
fifteenth century the Constable of Dundee and the bailies of 
that burgh sat together in judgment upon the castle hill.” 
The links of an analogous relation in early Dumfries, though 
slender, are yet strong. 

Viewed as originating in the defensive as well as offen- 
sive policy of William the Lion, a centre for operations alike 
to repress the ravages of those ‘‘ Galuvets,’’ who were 


‘ thieves,’’ and, as occasion called, to facilitate punitive 
expeditions into their midst, the burgh of Dumfries, the 


2 Reg. Mag. Sig., ii., 615, 


176 DumFriEs: Its BURGHAL ORIGIN. 


corollary of the royal castle, the home of a non-Celtic in- 
trusive population, increasingly deserves to stand forth as it 
has never hitherto been made to stand—an instructive type 
of feudal history. Here, as at Stirling, it could be said that 
on one side of the river were the advancing possibilities of 
Anglo-Norman immigration; on the other lingered the 
receding Celt. The native is confronted by the foreigner, 
and is, despite his unwillingness, being thrust back. As on 
the Severn, so on the Nith, the Clyde, the Forth, and the 
Spey. It is a long chapter, and part of it tells why and how 
on these frontiers the royal burghs were built. 


13th March, 1914. 


The Protocol Book (1541-1550) of Herbert Anderson, 
Notary in Dumiries. 


Abstracted by Sir Puitie J. HamiLton-GRIERSON. 


INTRODUCTION. 


At the suggestion of Mr Shirley, our Secretary, I under- 
took the task of writing abstracts of the protocols contained 
in the book of Herbert Anderson, Notary, Dumfries. What 
I have done owes much of any value it may have to Mr 
Shirley’s assistance and criticism. His intimate acquaintance 
with Anderson’s handwriting, and with the names of the 
people and places mentioned, enabled him to set me right on 
many occasions when I had stumbled; and his suggestions in 
dealing with words and contractions hard to decipher have 
been of the greatest value. That portion of this introduction 
which is concerned with matters of topography is his work 
alone. 

Practically nothing is known of Herbert Anderson’s per- 
sonality. We learn from an entry in the Burgh Court Books, 
dated ioth August, 1562, that Janet M‘Morine, relict of 
umquhile John Anderson of Terrachtrye, with the consent of 
her brother William M‘Morine of Glaspane, entered into a 
contract with her son Herbert, in which she renounces in his 
favour all her rights in his feu-lands of Terrautti, in considera- 


ANDERSON’S ProTocoL Book. 177 


tion of an annuity. Whether this Herbert Anderson was or 
was not our author does not appear. We know with certainty 
from his book and from a later collection of his protocols that 
Anderson exercised the functions of a notary from May, 1541, 
until January, 1568-9. Further, we find Schir Herbert Ander- 
son mentioned in the Burgh Court Books, under date 12th 
May, 1572, as constituting certain persons, of whom Herbert 
Anderson, clerk, was one, his procurators in an action by 
John Law, goldsmith (? of Edinburgh), to recover a silver 
challace, ‘‘ contenand xij vnche of siluer or thereby,’’amounting 
to ‘* xl ss of maid werk,’’ the challace having been delivered to 
him eight years previously. The protocol book itself contains 
a loose fragment, dated January, 1574, signed in a hand 
which is very similar to that of the writer of the book itself. 
It might, indeed, be his, but the description following the 
signature, rather suggests that it is that of Herbert Ander- 
son mentioned above as his procurator. The name of 
Anderson appears frequently in the Burgh records circe 
1561-3, as one of the Town Clerks of Dumfries, while that of 
the second Herbert Anderson is mentioned in similar writ- 
ings dated from fifteen to twenty years later. 

To come now to the book itself. It is a small quarto, of 
which the covers are formed of leaves torn from two or more 
liturgical or devotional MSS. of the 13th or 14th century. In 
a doquet on the last page it is stated that the volume consists 
of one hundred and twenty leaves, of which the first contains 
an instrument concerning Janet Dunbar, lady Parton, and the 
hundred and sixteenth an instrument concerning James John- 
ston of Blacklaw. These instruments stand respectively first 
and last in the book as it exists. Unfortunately, folios 29, 30, 
45, 53-55) 97) 99, 100, 102, 104-109, and 117-120 are awant- 
ing, while folios 110 and 111 contain only the beginnings of 
instruments. 

Occasionally Anderson’s handwriting presents difficulties, 
and some of his contractions, even when deciphered, are un- 
familiar. Thus, in instruments Nos. 1 and 2, there occurs 
what looks like ‘‘ o's ma ’”’ or ‘‘ oYs ma ’’—letters which re- 
present, if we accept Mr -Shirley’s suggestion, the word 
‘ oyirsman,’’ It appears that not infrequently a testator 


178 ANDERSON’S Protocot Book. 


Cay 


named certain learned or powerful friends as ‘‘ supervisors “’ 
or ‘‘ coadjutors ’’ to advise those whom he had appointed 
executors. Thus to the Bishop of. Lincoln and Friar Adam 
Marsh was entrusted the duty of giving their counsel to the 
widow of Simon de Montford ;! and Thomas Grierson, younger 
of Barjarg, constituted Viscount Drumlanrig, Sir Thomas 
Hope of Craighall, the Lord Advocate, and several of his near 
guydders and governors”’ to his heir, his wife, and 


18) 


6 


relations 
his younger children, while he appointed his daughter Sara 
and Jean his executrices.2. The persons so appointed are 
spoken of by English lawyers as “‘ coadjutors ’’ and ‘‘ over- 
seers.’’5 The dictionaries’ give to ‘‘oversman’’ or ‘‘overman’’ 
the meaning of ‘‘ a man having authority,’’ and cite instances 
in which the word is applied to sheriffs, provosts, arbiters, and 
superintendents of workmen. It seems, therefore, hardly 
doubtful that Mr Shirley’s conjecture is well founded. 

In some cases I have left a Latin word to speak for itself 
—where, for example, it is not easy from the context to deter- 
claviger ’’ (No. 


ce ” 


oe 


mine the exact shade of meaning. Thus 
95) may mean a porter, or a turnkey, or a bar-officer; and 
‘““ cellarius ’’ (No. 19) may mean a butler or a cellarman, or 
may be a misspelling for * a saddler. It appears 
to be highly probable from protocols of Anderson not con- 
tained in this collection that in No. 97 ‘“‘ scissor ’’ is not 
used in the sense of ‘‘ butcher’’ but in that of ‘‘ tailor ’’ 


sellarius,”’ 


6 S46) 


( 'seisor 7); 

Some of the surnames are not easily recognised. I have 
not met elsewhere with the form ‘‘ Lorin ”’ (No. 42). It is 
possible that the name which the writer had in his mind 
was Lorane or Lorraine. 


| Sir F. Pollock and F. W. Maitland, The History of the 
English Law before the time of Edward I.; Cambridge, 1878, ii., 
p. 340. 

2 Commissariot of Dumfries, 3rd March, 1629. 

5 Thomas Wentworth, The Office and Duties of Executors, 3rd 
edition, London, 1640, p. 9; Sir R. L. Vaughan Williams, 4 Treatise 
on the Law of Executors and Administrators, 9th edition, London. 
1893 ; i., pp. 193-4, 209, note 1. 

4A New English Dictionary and The Century Dictionary. 
Jameson does not throw much light upon the subject, 


ANDERSON’S Protocot Book. 179 


Anderson’s book ranges over a great variety of subjects. 
Some of the instruments are mere records of transactions of 
buying or selling or borrowing, and contain little of interest 
except the names of persons and places. But others bring us 
into touch with the daily life of the men and women of the 
period in some of its unfamiliar aspects, or remind us of the 
obsolete methods of old Scottish practice or procedure. Thus 
Nos. 4 and 5 illustrate the quaint symbolism which accom- 
panied the reality of a removing. They show how three 
articles belonging to the defender were set out in the open as 
a sign of the ejection to follow, and as an incitement to the 
tenant to remove. If he remained on the premises, the act of 
exposure was repeated, and his goods were removed from his 
lands by the pursuer, who then brought in his own. Again, 
in Nos. 14 and 15 we see in operation the right of the superior 
to control the marriage of the heir of his deceased vassal. In 
No. 14, Newlandis of that Ilk requires Alexander Charteris, 
who has the right of his marriage, to give him an honest 
woman of , and then follows a contraction which seems 
to be composed of the letters ‘“‘ ptn.’’ Mr Shirley suggests 
that ‘‘ portion,’? Mr J. C. R. Macdonald that ‘‘ position,’’ 
is intended; and I am inclined to adopt the latter view, 
as, while the heir was entitled to demand a wife of 
character and suitable status, he had, so far as I 
know, no right to insist upon receiving a lady of fortune. 
In No. 15 we find Alexander Charteris giving Newlands the 
choice of three women, the daughters respectively of James 
Charteris of the Hoile, of Roger Charteris of Bartympane 
and of his own brother. When we turn to No. 7 we find that 
materials frequently mentioned in the Accounts of the Lord 
High Treasurer of Scotland (see, for example, Vol. IV. Index) 
as in use for the garments of both men and women, were not 
unknown to the ladies of Tynron; for Katherine Wilson, who 
was apparently the wife of William Schitlington of Stane- 
house, gave her grand-daughter a gown of Rouen russet and 
a tunic (‘‘ colobium ’’) of Paris black with “‘ ane braid bar of 
blak velvet.’’ According to D’Arnis’ Zexicon Manuale ad 
scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis (Paris, 1890) ** colobium ”’ 
means a tunic either sleeveless or with short sleeves, which 


180 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL Book. 


was worn in the early middle ages by ecclesiastics and lay 
persons of high degree. Apparently, in later days it had 
won its way into the female wardrobe. The deed was executed 
in 1541 in the house of Thomas Wilson of Croglin, a kinsman, 
doubtless, of the donor; and it may not be without interest to 
note that the said Thomas, on his marriage with Agnes, 
widow of Gordon of Blacket, and daughter of Gilbert Grier- 
son of Dalton, the representative of a junior branch of the 
Lag family, settled upon himself and his wife and their 
prospective issue, two tenements in Dumfries, thus providing 
himself, if the inference be permissible, with a town house, 
according to the common custom of country magnates. (See 
Nos. 69 and 84.) In many instances, the proprietor of a 
landed estate transferred to his heir apparent, on the latter’s 
attainment of majority, or on his approaching marriage, the 
family property, or a substantial part of it, under reservation 
of a liferent to himself, and of his widow’s terce. This prac- 
tice is exemplified in Nos. 71, 73, and 92; and it seems as if 
the prejudice to her rights apprehended by Isabella, daughter 
of Cuthbert Fergusson (see No. 51) originated in similar 
action on the part of John Grierson of Dalmacurane. The 
place occupied by the High Altar of the Parish Church in 
ordinary business transactions appears from Nos. 3 and 45. 
(See also Nos. 6 and 9.) No. 12 reminds us of the common 
usage of paying rents in kind—in this case, in meal by 
measure of Nith; and No. 82 indicates the relative value 
of the gold coins in circulation at the time. Perhaps the most 
curious of all the instruments is No. 47, which tells us of the 
fate of William Asloan. He had been condemned to death 
by an assize for his misdeeds, and especially for his theft of 
Patrick Scott’s ‘‘ corne and claiths ’’’; and, when on the 
gallows, he sent for a notary, in whose presence, and in that 
of the assembled witnesses, he solemnly swore before 
Almighty God that he had falsely accused William Makmoran 
of being art and part in his crime, and begged the said 
William’s forgiveness. Even were I sufficiently acquainted 
with the facts, it would occupy more space than is at my dis- 
posal to identify the different persons mentioned, and to enter 
upon questions of family history. But, it remains to say 


ANDERSON’s Protocot Book. 181 


something about the places, whose names occur in these in- 
struments, for, without some explanation, the descriptions of 
properties, especially urban tenements, are hardly intelligible. 

Although the protocols extend to only 100 memoranda 
they exhibit a considerable clientele and embrace an extensive 
tract of country. Among those whom Herbert Anderson did 
business for were the Earl of Glencairn, Lord Crichton of 
Sanquhar, Lord Carlyle of Torthorwald, the Earl of Morton, 
and Lord Hay of Yester. He also acted for the considerable 
landed families of Glendinning of Parton, Lindsay of Barcloy, 
Grierson of Lag, and the Fergussons of Craigdarroch, Isle 
and Glencrosh. The officials of Lincluden College and the 
Grey Friars of Dumfries also employed him. 

A larger number of the protocols deal with Glencairn 
than with any other parish, and visits there were of frequent 
occurrence. Anderson’s business took him as far as Parton 
on the west, Kirkbride (Sanquhar) on the north, Colvend on 
the south, Bodsbek on the north-east, and Hoddom on the 
south-east. 

A few notes on the topography of Dumfries at the period 
may assist in defining the entries relating to that Burgh. 
With the exception of the northmost portion of the town 
beyond Friars’ Vennel and St Andrew Street, which were 
practically continuous—broken only by Bell’s Wynd, which 
is, with some doubt, Castle Street 
boundaries of the town, the streets in the centre of the burgh 


and formed the northern 


in the 16th century followed mainly the lines of those of the 
present day. ‘‘ Townhead ”’ was occasionally the name for 
the quarter of the burgh (No. 38) comprising St Andrew 
Street, Queensberry Street, Chapel Street, and Academy 
Street, and at other times more definitely St Andrew Street 
(Nos. g0, 91). Loreburn Street was a mere lane called 
‘the passage under the Yairds.’’ Queensberry Street was 
the ‘‘ back raw ’’ (Nos. 38, 84), while between the High 
Street (Nos. 84, 86, 87) and Queensberry Street was a row 
of houses (it is doubtful if there was a street) known as the 
‘“‘ mid raw.’? Intersecting these houses and parallel with St 
Andrew Street was the Rattanraw or Chapel Hill, now Chapel 
Street. Here for some two centuries stood the School of . 


” 


182 ANDERSON’S PRoTOCcOL Book. 


Dumfries (No. 34). | Anderson’s memorandum is the first 
record we have of the building, though there was a Master 
John, Rector of the Schools of Dronfres, in 1330. (Exch. 
Rolls, Vol. I., p. 303.) In consequence of the bequest of 
Bailie John Paterson a second school, in which were taught 
writing, arithmetic, book-keeping, and navigation, was built 
in 1722. It was in Friars’ Vennel, and was removed for the 
widening of Castle Street. The first school appears to have 
been used for a decade or so after the erection of the writing 
school. Its groundstead, which was on the north side of 
Chapel Street immediately behind Isabella Wells’ house, 
which faced the High Street, was sold by the burgh in 1757. 
The first Trades Hall, predecessor of the one in Queensberry 
Square, was built in 1722 on the site of Gladstone’s house at 
the corner of High Street and Chapel Street. 

The Grey Friars’ Convent (Nos. 10, 11, 45), as is well 
known, stood on the north side of Friars’ Vennel, east of St 
David Street. There were two gates, one to the Church from 
Friars’ Vennel, the other to the Conventual buildings from a 
passage now either St David Street or Greyfriars’ Street. 
Irish Street bore sometimes the same indefinite designation— 
Under the Yairds—as Loreburn Street, as did also Shakes- 
peare Street. More definitely Irish Street was the ‘‘ Gallo- 
waygate,’’ ‘‘ the way under the gardens called Irishgate,’’ 
‘“ the way to the Milnburn Brig,’’ which was at Nith Place. 
Bank Street was the ‘‘ Stynking Vennel’’ (No. 72), or 
‘“ Cavart’s Vennel,’’ the latter being also the name of the 
little passage beyond the ford on the west side of the Nith 
opposite Bank Street, now called Lovers’ Lane. ‘‘ The way 
to the Chapel of the B.V.M.’’ was applied to Bank Street, 
Irish Street, and to the Nether Sandbeds. In Nos. 86, 87 it 
was Irish Street. The Chapel was also called the Chapel of 
the Willies (No. 9). It was situated at the north-west corner 
of Bank Street and Irish Street, probably at the back of the 
present Bank of Scotland. The ground below it stretching 
to the river was called the Chapel Yairds. The Chapel seems 
to be the one mentioned in the Papal Relaxation (Cal. of 
Papal Reg. Letters viii., p. 347), of 1431-2 as the Chapel of 
St Mary the Virgin founded near the said Bridge [of Dum- 


ANDERSON’s ProtocoLt Book. 183 


fries].’’ The Willies were the Willows which were planted to 
preserve the banks of the Nith, which ran at that date more to 
the east than now. At the Reformation the Chapel was feued 
by the Town Council as a dyehouse and became known by its 
owner’s name as Rig’s Chapel. The Chapel Yairds passed 
from the Rigs in 1613-14 (Reg. of Sas. Dumfries, Vol. 2, fols. 
35, 57): The lower portion of the High Street is still popus 
larly known by its old name as the Soutergate. It is gener- 
ally taken to mean the Southern gate, but was not so under- 
stood by the sixteenth century notaries. To them it was 
‘“ via sutoria ’’—the souters’ (cobbler’s) way. | Assembly 
Street is an opening only dating back to the end of the 
eighteenth century, when it was called the New Entry. 
Burns Street was known as the way to the Mill of Dumfries 
or the Millgate. The Glebe lands (No. 18) were adjacent to 
St. Michael’s Church. St. Michael Street School is built on 
Glebe land. St. Michael’s Church was outside the Port. The 
ports may be looked for at the narrowest points of the streets 
they crossed. The Nether Port (No. 55) was in St. Michael 
Street beyond the Penthouse End; the Lochmabengate (Nos. 
14, 60) (English Street) Port was a little to the west of the end 
of Loreburn Street ; the Townhead Port was at the east end of 
Kerwyn Terrace. When the present houses were built there 
its foundations were found by the Burgh Surveyor, Mr 
Francis Armstrong. The Port of the Vennel crossed Friars’ 
Vennel at the west corners of St. David Street and Irish 
Street. Like most Scottish towns the burgh was not walled 
in any greater degree than was supplied by the enclosures of 
private houses, but ditches extended between the Ports. It 
will be seen that Loreburn Street, Shakespeare Street, and 
Irish Street were originally passages running at the foot of 
private enclosures, and they, roughly, outline the boundaries 
of the sixteenth century burgh. In the eighteenth century 
they were known as the East, South, and West Barnraws. 
It will be noticed also that chapels were near each port—the 
name of the one on Chapel hill being unknown. In 1715 the 
Ports were hurriedly strengthened to repel Kenmure’s ad- 
vance and some effort at wall building may have been made. 
St. Christopher’s Chapel was utilised in the process. 


184 ANDERSON’s Protocot Book. 


The Lochmabengate gallows (No. 47) were almost cer- 
tainly upon the hill at the juncture of the Moffat and Lockerbie | 
Roads. The former was known as the Gallows Close. There 
seems to have been another place of execution on the south 
side of the town, at least, we have the names Flosh-gallows 
and Flosh-gallow-rig. In Troqueer the gallows were upon a 
hill between the Dalbeattie and Castle-Douglas roads. The 
house called Suffolk Hill is on the Gallowhill. 

The Piesshill (No. 43) appears to have been one of the 
low hills on the south side of the Lockerbie Road. It is 
mentioned in conjunction with the Punnershill, on which 
stands ‘‘ Birkhill ’’ House, and also as bounding the Gallow- 
field, and possibly ‘‘ Larkfield ’’ House may be upon it. 

The vicarage lands (No. 46) lying near the Kirkland Moat 
(a small round fort) comprised the present Dumfries Cemetery 
and two adjacent enclosures, one of which bears the name of 
Kirkland Moat and belongs to Moorheads’ Hospital. 

Mr J. C. R. Macdonald has kindly revised the foregoing 
topographical notes and rendered them much more conclusive - 
than they otherwise would have been. 


THE ProtTocoL Book. 


Jesus maria Amen per hoc [ ] 
Liber prochogollorum herberti Andersoun-com- 
morantis in Drumfres, notarii, etc., Incipiens 
primo die mensis maij, Anno domini millessimo 
quingentessimo xli°. 


(x.) 
Dunbar. 

Instrument narrating that Alexander Gordoun in Ardis 
in name and on the part of Janet Dunbar, lady Partoun, made 
the following declaration :—‘‘ Schir notar heir that Janot 
Dunbar ladie Partoun hes fulfillit hir husbandis testament in 
presence of Edward Maxwell [ |* testamenter, and 
yat scho hes presentit all guids movabill contenit in ye said 


* The words which these contractions represent have not been 
determined with certainty; see Introduction. 


ANDERSON’sS Protoco.t Book. 185 


umqle Niniane hir spous testament befoir ye said Edward 
and John Glendonyng son aire and executor to ye said umqle 
Niniane, and als yat ye said Janet hes payit all dettis baitht 
testit and untestit be aduiss of ye said Edward and John, and 
devidit ye remanet of ye saids guids amangst ye said umqle 
Niniane barnis for ye barnis part of guids contenit in ye said 
umqle Niniane testament.’’ Dated at Ovirbordland in the 
parish of Partoun—witnesses, Alexander Gordoun in Scheir- 
maris, Edward Maxwell, junior, David Grahame in Corstin- 
chell, Adam Hoip, William Hoip, and Gilbert M‘Nacht. 

23rd May, 1541. 

: (2.) 
Glendonyng de Partoun. 

Memorandum narrating that John Glendonyng son and 

heir of Ninian Glendonying of Partoun deceased made the 


following declaration :—‘‘ Notar heir that I haif 
fol. 2] fulfillit all ye ponctis of my fader testament in presence 
of Edward Maxvell of Lochrutoun [ ]* legall be ye 


said umqle Niniane and be aduiss of ye said Edward, and als 
that I haife payit all dettis y* my said fader was in awin als 
weill untestit as testit, and devidit ye Remanet of ye guids 
amangst ye said umqle Niniane barnis as ye Inventur of ye 
payment of ye dettis and division of ye guids mayd yr upovn 
ye said day beris at mair lenth, qlk ye said Edward Maxwell 
as [ ] grantit was off verite.’? Dated at Ovirbordland 
in the parish of Partoun. Witnesses, Alexander Gordoun in 
Ardis, Alexander Gordoun in Scheirmaris, Edward Maxwell, 
junior, David Graham, Adam Hoip, William Hoip, and 
Gilbert M‘Nacht. 
23rd May, 1541. 
(3-) 
Glendonyng. 

Memorandum narrating that Alexander Gordoun of 
Scheirmaris obliged himself his heirs and assignees to grant 
in favour of John Glendonyng and Besseta Gordoun his 
spouse their heirs and assignees a letter of reversion as to the 


* What words these contractions represent have not been 
determined with certainty; see Introduction. 


186 AnpbErsoN’s Protocot Book. 


redemption of the five merkland of Arnemannocht, lying in 
the barony of Partoun and Stewartry of Kirkcudbricht on 
payment of 43 on the high altar of the church of Balma- 
clellane. Dated at the place of Partoun. Witnesses, Master 
James Joly, vicar of Dalry, Sir Andrew Kincragy. vicar of 
Partoun, and Simon Bodene. 
2oth June, 1541. 
(4-) 

alk: Cunynghame. 

Memorandum narrating that Sir John Cunynghame, 
chaplain, tenant of the five merkland of Ardis lying in the 
barony of Corsmichell and stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht passed 
to the said lands, occupied by Katrina Fergussoun, relict of 
Cuthbert Greyrsoun deceased, and there set out a “* stuill,”’ 
a ‘‘ trest,’? and a tub in sign of her ejection and removal 
from the said lands, as custom is.* Done upon the ground. 
Witnesses, Roger Dungolsoun, John Greyrsoun, Archibald 
Thorbrand, and Thomas M‘Millane. 

areal, || wNavsa. afte 

(5-) 
Cunynghame. 

Memorandum narrating that Sir John Cunynghame, 
chaplain, tenant of the five merkland of Ardis, lying in the 
barony of Corsmichell and stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, 
passed to the said lands, occupied by Katrina Fergussoun, 
relict of Cuthbert Greirsoun, deceased, and there ‘‘ laid furt 
thre things of hir guids, as use is,’’ and removed her goods 
from the said lands, and put his own therein.* Done upon 
the ground. Witnesses, James Cunynghame, William 
Cunynghame, and Adam Fergussoun. 

Sth une ss 40. 


* Stair (/nstit., 11-9-38) regards the laying out of the goods 
in a process of removing as completion of the solemnity of the pro- 
ceeding; Walter Ross (A Discourse wpon the Removing of 
Tenants, Edinburgh, 1782) as a method of forcing the tenant to 
remove so as to save his goods from injury by exposure. The 
practice is alluded to in the statute, 1555, cap. 12 (Folio Acts, ii., 
494). The oldest form of warning was by breaking a wooden 
platter or plate (‘‘diseum escarium’”’ Craig, Jus. Feudale, ii., 9-4) 


ANpDERSON’s Protocot Book. 187 


(6.) 
Stewart, Garlis. 
Memorandum narrating the protestation of Alexander 
Stewart of Garelis that he had been summoned by Sir Thomas 
Stowip on the allegation that Sir Thomas had letters from 
the bishop against him, and that he had been refused a copy 
of them. Done in the churchyard of Kirkmaho. Witnesses, 
Archibald Stewart, Master John Stewart, John M‘Kie, and 
John Brown. 
gth December, 1541. 


fol. 4] 


(7-) 
ffergussoun. 

Memorandum narrating that Katherine Vilsoun, lady 
Stanehous, uncompelled and of her own free will delivered to 
Besseta Fergussoun her granddaughter a gown (‘‘ togam "’) 
lie “‘rowand russat’’ and a tunic (‘‘colobium”’) Jie 
*“paris blak wt ane braid bar of blak velvet.’’ Done at the 
house of Thomas Vilsoun of Croiglin. Witnesses, William 
Schitlingtoun of Stanehous, Gilbert Vilsoun, in Corsferdin, 
Thomas Pantonstoun, Edward Dalrumpill, John Vilsoun, and 
Sir Robert Velche, vicar of Tyndron. 

27th December, 1541. 

(8.) 
fol. 5] Cunynghame. 

Memorandum narrating discharge by Sir John Cunyng- 
hame, chaplain of the vicarage of Troqueir, in favour of 
William Maxvell of Ardis, William M‘Kennane, William 
M‘Byrne in Kirkconnell, John Greirsoun in Vodheid, and all 
other parishioners in respect of a composition for the vicar- 


age teinds. Witnesses, John Asloan of Garroch, William 
Maxvell, John Andersoun, John Clerk, and Sir Gilbert Bek, 
chaplain. 
8th January, 1541-2. 
(9.) 
Gordoun. 


Memorandum narrating that John Glendonyng, son and 
heir of Ninian Glendonyng of Partoun deceased, acknow- 
ledged that he owed Alexander Gordoun in Scheirmaris £18 


188 ANDERSON’S ProtocoL Book. 


and granted obligation therefor. Done at the chapel of the 
BVeMevorrthe® Wallies: Witnesses, Sir Michael Dysart, 
rector of Suthik, William Doby, and John Dungolsoun, 
burgess of Kirkcudbricht. 

16th January, 1541-2. 


(10.) 
fol: 6) Gurlaw. 

Memorandum narrating a protestation by Thomas 
Gurlaw, chaplain, within the church of the friars of Drumfres, 
in presence of Sir John Turnour, official of Glasgow within 
the parts of Nith, that as he was ready to implement the 
contents of a certain decree arbitral subscribed by Herbert 
Maxvel in Newark and Sir Patrick Locht, chaplain, he ought 
not to be found liable in the expenses of any further legal 
process on the part of James Walker, the other party to the 
proceedings. Done in the place of judgment (“‘ in loco 
judiciali’’). Witnesses, Sir Archibald Nyt, Sir John Bryss, 
Sir John Irland, and Sir James M‘Birnie, chaplains. 

6th February, 1541-2. 


(11.) 
Marjoribanks. 

Memorandum narrating that Robert Marjoribanks un- 
compelled and of his own free will resigned all right, claim, 
and kindness (‘‘ amicitia ’’) which he had in the ten shilling 
lands of Burelschaw, in the parish of Kirkpatrick-Juxta in 
the stewartry of Annandale and lordship of Marjoribanks 
after his death in favour of his grandson, William Marjori- 
banks. Done in the merchant’s booth (‘‘ opella’’) of 
Thomas Ireland. Witnesses, Herbert Cawart, Robert Car- 
stone (?), John Murdocht, Thomas Ireland, and David 
M‘Kowin. 

11th March, 1541-2. 


(25) 
Maxwell in Drumfres. 
Memorandum narrating that freir Herbert Stewart war- 
dane of ye freirs of Drumfres admitted Richert Maxwell 
burgess of Drumfres, tennant to vii ruddis of ye landis of 
Corbre Hill lyand wtin ye prochin of Troqueir quhilks landis 


fol. 7] 


ANDERSON’S Protocot Book. 189 


Johne Maxwell elder in Drumfres haud in tak of ye said 
place of befoir for payment in meal 


measure of Nith—or 
else the price as the place and he can agree. Done at the 
gate of the church of the minor friars of Drumfries. Wit- 
nesses, John Neilsoun in Suthick, John Thomesoun, and 
Nicholas Rob. 
6th May, 1542. 
(13-) 

Memorandum narrating requisition by John Robsoun, 
son of James Robsoun deceased, who was formerly tenant of 
the [blank] merk lands in Terauchty, lying within the six 
merkland of Ower Terauchty, in the presence of Alexander 
Stewart of Finthelauch, chamberlain of William bishop of 
Aberdeen and usufructuary of Lincloudane, that the said 
chamberlain should let to him the said merklands formerly 
let to his father, he being the eldest son of his father and his 
mother Helen Lawrie, and the said Helen being married to 
another husband. Done at the college of Lincloudane. 
Witnesses, Edward Maxwell of Hillis, John Asloane of 
Gareocht, Paul Cunynghame, John Brown, and John Ander- 
son. 

24th May, 1542. 

(14.) 

Memorandum narrating protestation by [blank] New- 
landis of that Ilk, in the presence of Alexander Charteris in 
the following terms :—‘‘‘ Schir notar heir I  requyire 

Alexander Charteris, as he yt allegis him to haif ye 
fol. 8] ryt of my maraige to geif me ane honest woman of 
[ ]* to mary and to assigne me quhat woman scho is and 
quhat day I sall resaue hir,’ and ye said Alexander assigned 
him na woman nor day to resaue hir quhairfor ye said 
[blank] Newlandis protestit yt he myt be free to mary quhai 
he plesit and yt it war na prejudice to him becauss he haid 
requyrit hir lauchfullie.’’} Done in Lochmaben gait within 


* The contraction may represent ‘‘ portion’’ or ‘‘ position.’’ 

+ The superior or his donee or assignee in respect of his right 
of marriage of the deceased vassal’s heir, who at the time of his 
ancestor’s death was unmarried and a minor, was entitled to 


190 ANDERSON’S PRotTocoL Book. 


the burgh of Drumfres. | Witnesses, Sir John Jacksoun, 
David Jacksoun, Kentigern Newlandis, and Andrew Ander- 
soun. 

12th June, 1542. 

(15-) 

Memorandum of the same date narrating that in New- 
landis presence Alexander Charteris made the following 
offer :—‘‘ ‘ Schir notar heir I offer to [blank] Newlandis as 
I qlk hes ye ryt of his mariage James Charteris’ dochter 
of ye Hoile, Roger Charteris’ dochter of Bartympane, or my 
awin brother dochter, and requyris him to set ye day to 


> 99 


resaue ony ane of thaim. 


(16.) 

Memorandum narrating that Gilbert Greir in name and 
on the part of Gilbert Amuligane, dweller in the parish of 
Tynron within the sheriffdom of Drumfres, by William Oliver 
burgess of Drumfres, king’s messenger, by virtue of the 
King’s letters demanded of Thomas Amuligane and Gilbert 
Amuligane himself at the instance of Gilbert Wilsoun that 
they should remove themselves and their goods from certain 
merklands of Nethirsyde of Bennane lying within the said 
parish and sheriffdom; and the said Gilbert Greir in name 
and on the part of the said Gilbert Amuligane obeyed the 
order contained in the said letters as to removal from and 
intromitting with the said lands. Done at Drumfres. Wit- 


receive from the heir a sum of money as the avail or value of his 
tocher. This casuality was an incident of ward-holding; and was 
also demandable when the vassal’s charter contained the clause 
“‘cum maritagio.’’ The avail might be single or double. The 
superior was entitled to the latter only where he had offered to 
the heir a wife without disparagement, which was estimated in 
respect not of means, but of quality and reputation, and the heir 
had not only refused the match proposed, but had married another 
woman without the superior’s consent. It was required that all the 
proceedings should take place in the presence of witnesses, and 
be recorded in a notarial instrument. The subject is dealt with 
in detail by Stair (Inst. ii. 4-37-61), Erskine (Inst. ii. 5-18-21), 


and Craig (Jus. Feudale, 11-21) See also Quon. Attachiamenta, 
§§ 91-94, 


ANDERSON’sS ProtTocoL Book. 191 


nesses, John Greir under the Vod, Thomas Pantonson, 
Thomas Huntar in Auchenbrak, and George Amuligane. 
1gth June, 1542. 


fol. 9] (17.) 

Memorandum narrating that Archibald Menzies, vicar 
of Mortoun, dean of Christianity* within the parts of Nith 
and Annandale, at the instance of John Dowglas, rector of 
the parish church of Kirkbryd, diocese of Glasgow, called 
prebendary of the college of the B.V.M. of Lincloudane, and 
along with him passed to the said church of Kirkbryd, and 
there the said John Dowglas presented the letters of col- 
lation and pension of Gawine, archbishop of Glasgow, signed 
at Edinburgh, at the Archbishop’s residence there on goth 
October, 1542, regarding the rectory and prebend of Kirk- 
bryd, to the said Archibald in the said church at the high 
altar, and with becoming humility requested him to induct 

and institute him in the said rectory and prebend in 
fel. 10] terms of the said letters. Accordingly, after the 
letters had been read by the notary, the said Archibald gave 
to the said John real and corporeal possession of the said 
rectory and prebend, and immediately thereafter passed with 
the witnesses underwritten to the glebe and manse, and gave 
sasine thereof to the said John. Done in the said church 
and at the said glebe and manse. Witnesses, Edward 
Menzies of Castlehill, Thomas Sinclar, Leonard Asloane, 
John Haykat, Thomas Dalzeill, and Sir Walter Fawsyd, 
vicar pensionary of the said church of Kirkbryd. 


19th October, 1542. 
(18.) 


Memorandum narrating that John Nicholsoun, burgess 


* The ‘‘decanus Christianitatis’’—the Rural dean—was 
quite distinct from the Dean of the Cathedral and Chapter. He 
“had a jurisdiction over the clergy of a certain district quite well 
defined and known as a rural deanery. The Rural dean’s jurisdic- 
tion was made up of a delegation of the general pastoral authority 
of the bishop and of the jurisdiction of the archdeacon, which 
that judge exercised in its highest form in the ‘ curia christiam- 
tatis’’ (Cosmo Innes, Lectures on Scotch Legal Antiquities, Edin- 
burgh, 1872, p. 183. 


192 ANDERSON’S PrRotTocoLt Book. 


of Drumfres, with consent of his wife Katrine Nycht uncom- 
pelled and of his own free will resigned all right, claim, 
kindness, &c., in an acre of the glebe land of Drumfres, 
lying in the parish of Drumfres and sheriffdom of Nithsdale 
between the piece of land belonging to Gilbert M*Cristin and 
a ditch on the west and certain land occupied by Archibald 
Maxwell on the east, in favour of Thomas Frude, his 
fol.11] heirs and assignees, and that for a certain sum paid 
by Thomas to John, of which John discharges the said 
Thomas. Done in the house of the said Thomas. Wit- 
nesses, James Mayr, William Smyth, and Charles Murray. 
27th November, 1544. 
(19-) 

Memorandum narrating that Robert Murheyd, son of 
Martin Murheyd and Mariota Vrycht deceased, resigned in 
favour of his kinsman and friend John Maxvell, son of 
Villiam Maxvell in Crustanis deceased, all right and claim 
in half of the goods to which the said Robert was or might 
become entitled by reason of the decease of the said Mariota 
his mother, Mariota of Maxwell his guidaime and Patrick 
Vrycht his guidschir deceased, excepting always the said 
Robert’s heirship goods and heritage. Witnesses, Roger 
Johnstoun, burgess of Drumfres, Thomas Harper (“ cel- 
larius ’’), and Patrick Taggart. 

3rd September, 1544. 


fol. 12] (20.) 

Memorandum narrating that Alexander Norvay, tenant 
of the fifty shilling land of Mains of Logane, in the parish 
of Butill and stewartry of Kirkcudbright, resigned all his 
right, &c., in the said lands in favour of John Maxwell in 
Logane his heirs and assignees without revocation or contra- 
diction of any kind. Witnesses, William Carrutheris, son 
of John Carrutheris of Holmendis, Andrew Sturgioun, John 
Sturgioun, Nicholas Newall, and John Johnstoun. 

15th December, 1544. 

(21). 
Maxvell, Hillis. 
Memorandum narrating that John Glendonyng,, in virtue 


ANDERSON’S PRotTocoL Book. 193 


of a precept directed by William, bishop of Aberdeen and 
usufructuary of the collegiate church of Lincloudane, 
fol. 13] to Archibald Stewart, John Andersoun, John Glen- 
donyng, and John Maxwell, bailies of the said bishop in 
that part, dated at Aberdeen, 12th September, 1544, gave 
sasine to Edward Maxwell of Lochrutoun, his heirs and 
assignees of a croft of the lands of Nonlandis, with houses, 
buildings, ‘‘ et ortis inibi situatis super le gait,’’ lying in 
the parish of Lochrutoun, which belonged to Andrew 
M‘Birnie, and were resigned by the said Andrew into the 
hands of Master George Marchell, provost of the church of 
Lincloudane, as his lord superior. Done on the ground. 
Witnesses, James Carsone, Patrick Scute, John Maxvell, 
John Amuligane, John Thomson. 
14th October, 1544. 
(22.) 
Glencorss. 
fol. 14] Fragment narrating a precept of clare constat directed 
to John Edzar, Peter Dennam of Crechane, and John Max- 
well, bailies of the Earl of Glencairn, Lord Kilmawris in that 
part, and relating to Alexander Glencorss, son of Thomas 
Glencorss. 
12th May, 1545. 
(23-) 

Memorandum narrating that John Lindsay of Barcloy 
passed to the three pound land of Barcloy lying in the parish 
of Culwen and stewartry of Kirkcudbricht, and there with 
his own hands gave sasine of the said lands to John Maxvell 
in Ardis and Unice his assignee. He also passed to his 
lands of Bordland of Culwen in the said parish and stewartry 
and there gave sasine of a half merk land of Bordland of 
Culwen to the same persons. Done on the above-named 
lands respectively. Witnesses, Robert Heres of Maby, 
Alexander Heres, Clement Edzar, John Lindsay, Alexander 
Vilsoun. 

28th April, 1542. 

(24-) 
ffergussounis in Neiss. 
fol. 15] Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglistoun 


194 ANDERSON’S PRoTOCOL BOOK. 


by virtue of a precept directed by Alexander Glencorss of 
Stronschilloch to John Maxvell and John Edzar of Inglistoun, 
bailies of the said Alexander in that part, dated 15th May, 
1545 [ witnesses, John Edzar of Inglistoun, James Glencorss, 
James Scharpro, David M‘Gee, and Herbert Andersoun, 
notary public], passed to the merkland of Stronschilloch 
called the nethir merkland, lying in the parish of Glencairn 
and sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there gave sasine to Fergus 
Fergussoun in frank tenement or liferent during his lifetime 
and to Andrew Fergussoun his son and the heirs of his body, 
whom failing the heirs whomsoever of the said Fergus. 
Done on the ground. Witnesses, Thomas Fergussoun of 

Craigdarroch, Cuthbert Fergussoun of Glencroische, 
fol. 16] Arthur Fergussoun, John Fergussoun, John M‘Cawle, 
Uchred Edzar, and Sir John Dunbar, chaplain. 

22nd May, 1545. 


(25.) 
Velche—Fergussoun. 

Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglistoun, 
in virtue of a precept directed by Alexander Glencors of 
Stronschilloch to John Maxvell in Kilbane and the said John 
Edzar, bailies in that part, dated at Dumfries, 15th May, 
1545 [witnesses, John Edzar of Inglistoun, James Glencors, 
James Sharpro, David M‘Gee, and Herbert Andersoun, 
notary public], passed to the merkland of Stronschil- 
loch, called the merkland of Burnesyde, lying in the parish 
of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there gave 
sasine to John Velche in Makcollestoun and Mariota Fer- 
gussoun his wife, to the longer liver in conjunct fee, and 
the heirs of their bodies. Done upon the ground. Wit- 
nesses, Uchred Edzar, John Caule, and Sir John Dunbar, 
chaplain. 


fol. 17] 


_ 22nd May, 1545. 


(26.) 
Cunynghame. 
Memorandum narrating that Robert Cunynghame of 
“Haykat in virtue of a precept directed by William Earl of 
Glencairne to James Tempeltoun and the said Robert Cunyng- 


ANDERSON’S PRrRoTOCOL Book. 195 


hame, his bailies in that part, dated at the burgh of Irving, 
16th May, 1545 [witnesses, William Cunynghame, Robert 
Fergussoun of Craigdarroch, and John Cunynghame of 
Kerschawe]|, passed to the three merkland of Nethir Kirk- 
cudbrycht, lying in the barony of Glencarne and sheriffdom 
of Drumfres, and there gave sasine to Robert Cunynghame 
son of the said Earl and Mariota Cunynghame his wife in 

conjunct fee to the longer liver, and to their heirs and 
fol. 18] assigns. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Andrew 
Roresoun, senior, and Gilbert Roresoun. 

21st May, 1545. 
(27-) 
Charteris. 

Memorandum narrating that Robert Charteris, junior, 
in Auchinsloronehill, in virtue of a precept directed by Michell 
Lord Carlile as lord superior of the lands mentioned below 
to Robert Charteris, Andrew Charteris, and the said Robert 
Charteris, junior, dated at the lands of Rowkane, 24th July, 
1544 [ witnesses, John Charteris of Wyndehillis, and Sir John 
Charteris, vicar of Tynevald], gave sasine to Elizabeth Char- 
teris, wife of Robert Grahame of Thornyk, in liferent of the 
three merkland of Ovirholme, occupied by Symon Vaucht, 
John Vaucht, and Robert Corry, the three merkland of 
Thornik occupied by [blank] Martin, John Pantonsoun, 
and Herbert Corry, and the two merkland of Coittis occupied 

by Robert Johnstoun, lying in the lordship’ of 
fol. 19], Thornik in Annandale, in special warrandice of the 
three merkland of Skalegarholme, the three merkland of 
Coittis, the three merkland of Brigend, and the one merkland 
of Redlynnis, held of Michell, Lord Carlile as lord superior, 
and of the five merkland of Buranis, the two merkland of 
Craiglandis, the two merkland of Brumelandis, and the one 

merkland of Moslandis, held of the Queen, until the 
fol. 20] said Elizabeth be infeft in the ten merkland of Skale- 
garholme, &c., and the ten merkland of Buranis, &c. Done 
upon the lands of Ovirholme and Thornik, which the persons 
aforesaid occupied. | Witnesses, Adam Grahame, George 
Neill, John Pantonsoun, John Vaucht, and Henry Martin. 

17th June, 1545. 


196 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL Book. 


(28.) 
Maxwell in Ardis, Kirkconnell. 

Memorandum narrating that John Lindsay of Barcloy 
passed to the three poundland of Barcloy, lying in the parish 
of Colwen and stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, occupied by 
Robert Heres of Maby, and there uncompelled and of his 
own free will gave sasine with his own hands thereof to 
John Maxvell in Ardis in Kirkconnell and Unice his assignee. 

He also passed to the lands called Bordland of Culwen 
fol. 21] and there gave sasine to the said John Maxvell of 
the six shilling and eight penny land thereof. Done upon 
the lands of Bordland of Culwen. Witnesses, Robert Heres 
of Maby, Alexander Heres, Clement Edgar, and John Lind- 
say. 

28th April, 1542. 

(29.) 
Maxwell, Hillis. 

fol. 22] Memorandum narrating that Andrew M‘Burnie, 
senior, dweller at lie Lochrutoun gait, with consent of his 
wife, Helen Sturgion, resigned all right, claim, and kindness 
to the two parts of the five merkland pertaining to him and 
steading lying within the barony of Drumsleit and provostry 
of Lincloudane in favour of Edward Maxvell of Lochrutoun 
his heirs and assignees, and this for a certain sum paid to 
him, and for “‘ certain guid to be done-’’ to him and his said 
spouse. Done at the house of the said Andrew at the gait 
of Lochrutoun. Witnesses, Patrick Scuit, John Kirkaugh, 
and Sir Thomas Haiste, chaplain. 

2nd September, 1543. 

(30-) 

Of the same date the said Andrew constituted John 
Andersoun, John Brown, &c., to compeir befoir ye provost 
of Lincloudane and to resign all his rights. 


(31-) 

Edzar. 
fol. 23] Memorandum narrating that John Edzar, in virtue of 
a precept directed by John Lyndsay of Barcloy to him and 
John Hynd, his bailies in that part, dated at Drumfres, 23rd 


ANDERSON’s ProtocoL Book. 197 


May, 1543 [witnesses, Matthew Shortrick, Alexander Vil- 
soun, David Lyndsay, Sir James Lorymar, chaplain, and 
Herbert Andersoun], gave sasine to Clement Edzar of one 
merkland of Markbroun, lying in the parish of Colwen, and 
Stewartry of Kirkcudbricht. Done upon the ground. Wit- 
nesses, Alexander Wilsoun, Matthew Wilsoun, and [blank | 
Hornar. 


19th June, 1543. 
(32-) 


Sinclar, Auchenfrankaugh. 

fol. 24) Memorandum narrating that William Sinclar, son and 
heir of William Sinclar of Auchenfrankaugh deceased, passed 
to the principal messuage of the lands of Auchenfrankaugh, 
lying in the parish of Lochrutoun and Stewartry of Kirk- 
cudbricht, and there presented to John Makmoraine a letter 
of bailliary and precept of clare constat by John Greirsoun 
of Lag, superior of the lands of Auchenfrankaugh, directed 
to the said John Makmoraine and John Amuligane, his bailies 
in that part, dated at Lag, the last day of December, 1543 
[ witnesses, Cuthbert Greirsoun, Gilbert Greirsoun, Sir John 
Jameson, chaplain, and Herbert Andersoun, notary], and 
there gave sasine of the hundred shilling land of Auchen- 
frankaugh to the said William Sinclar as his father’s heir. 
Done in the hall of Auchenfrankaugh. Witnesses, John 
Hucheon, Gilbert Cormock, John Carnis, Adam Carnis, 
John Fergussoun, and John Oliver. 


3rd January, 1543-4. 


(33-) 
Glendonyng. 


fol. 25] Memorandum narrating that Archibald Stewart of 
Finthelaucht, stewart depute in that part of Robert Lord 
Maxwell, stewart of Kirkcudbrycht, having in his hands a 
precept from the chancery, dated at Edinburgh, 6th Novem- 
ber, 1543, gave sasine to John, son of Ninian Glendonyng 
of that I/k, in the lands of Hawknest, Coggert, Nether Bar- 
dennoch, Corauchie, Barquhillach, Midlaggane, Overlaggane, 
Bar, Clony, Arwy, the lands called the twenty shilling land 
together with the mill of Partoun in the parish of Partoun 


198 AnpéRsON’s Protocot Book. 


and Stewartry of Kirkcudbricht. Done on the lands of 
Nedirbordland. Witnesses, Ninian Glendoning, John Ben- 
soun, junior, John Glendoning in Fominoch, Adam Ban- 
natyne, and Fergus Hannay. 

1oth November, 1543. 


(34-) 
Vatsoun. 
fol. 26) \{emorandum narrating that Isabella Vellis, daughter 
of John Vellis deceased, burgess of Dumfries, passed to her 
merchant’s booth (‘‘ botham sue opelle ’’), lying within the 
burgh of Dumfries between the large stone house of the late 
Master Herbert Gledstains on the south, and the merchant’s 
booth of said late John Vellis on the north, and the boun- 
daries of the school of Dumfries on the east, and the High 
Street on the west, and there resigned all right and claim of 
right to the said booth in the hands of David Newall, bailie 
of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of James Vatsoun, 
his heirs and assignees, and sasine followed. Done at the 
said booth. Witnesses, Master William Turnor, John 
Maxvell, Nicholas Jarding, John Lyndsay, James Kirk- 
patrick, and Archibald Welsche, burgh officers (‘‘ sergiandis 
de Drumfreis ’’). 
13th March, 1543. 


(35-) 
Roresoun. 

fol. 27] Memorandum narrating that John Quhite, in virtue 
of a precept directed by Robert Cunynghame in Midgrenane, 
son of William Earl of Glencarne, to him, Andrew Roresoun 
of Bardanoch, and Andrew Roresoun, junior, in Kirkcud- 
brycht, bailies in that part, dated at the messuage of Mid- 
grenane, 20th October, 1545 [ witnesses, John Roresoun, son 
of the said Andrew, William Tennand, James Tempeltoun, 
and Robert Dyke], passed to certain forty shilling lands, viz., 

one merkland in Kirkcudbrycht, and a two merkland 
fol. 28] in the barony of Glencarne and sheriffdom of Drum- 
fres, occupied by the said Andrew Roresoun, and gave sasine 
thereof to Andrew Roresoun, junior in Kirkcudbrycht. Done 
on the said lands respectively. Witnesses, John Cunyng- 


ANbDERSON’s Proroco.t Book. 199 


hame, tutor, Arthur Fergussoun, John Asloan, and Gilbert 
son of Andrew Roresoun. 
3rd December, 1545. 


(36.) 
Nelsoun—Scottis. 
fol. 31) Notarial instrument narrating that Janot Nelsoun and 
Cuthbert Scot and Robert Scot her sons, having obtained a 
nineteen years’ lease of the merklands of Stepfurd from the 
abbot and convent of Holyvod, dated at Drumfres, 17th 
November, 1545, to the longest liver of the three, and John 
Scot, son of Cuthbert, agreed that Janot shall have the life- 
rent thereof, and on her decease, Cuthbert and his son John 
should have the one half, and Robert and his heirs the other, 
notwithstanding the terms of the lease. | Witnesses, John 
Cunynghame, William Velch, and Andrew Thorbrand. 
28th November, 1545. 


(37-) 
Glencors, Stronschillaucht. 

Memorandum narrating that Thomas M‘Cubbyne, in 
virtue of a precept directed by William Earl of Glencarne to 
him and John Maxvell in Kilbayne, bailies in that part, dated 
at Glencarne, 1oth November, 1546 [witnesses, John Edzar, 
Adam Kirkaucht of Gleneslane, John Blak, Allan Cunyng- 
hame, and Herbert Andersoun, notary public], passed to the 

five pound land of Stronschilloch in the sheriffdom of 
fol. 33] Drumfres, and there gave sasine thereof to Alexander 
Glencorss of Stronschilloch and Besseta Maxvell, his wife, 


fol. 32) 


and to the longer liver in conjunct fee. Done upon the 
ground at the dwelling-house of Quintein Fergussoun in 
Nethir Merkland. Witnesses, Andrew Cunynghame of 


Byrkschawe, Bartholomew Smart in Marquhryne, John 
Bryce, and Fergus M‘Crere. 
10th November, 1547. 


(38.) 
fol. 34) Memorandum narrating that Ronald Ranying passed 


to a tenement with garden lying in the burgh of Dumfries in 
Tounheid on lie bak rawe between the tenement of John 
Farlein deceased, now in the hands of John Birkmyre, on the 


200 ANDERSON’s PRotTocoL Book. 


north, and a tenement of Andrew Donald deceased, and 
occupied by John Browne, on the south, and there resigned 
all right in the hands of Thomas Frude, bailie of Dumfries, 
in favour and for the use of John Maxwell and Agnes Ander- 
soun, his wife, and to the longer liver of them, and the heirs 
procreated or to be procreated between them, whom failing 
to the nearest heirs of the said John, and sasine was given. 
Done on the ground. Witnesses, Edward Maxwell of Tin- 
wald, John Heres in Drumjowane, John Frude, John 
M‘Guffok, John Stewart in Carneselloch, Herbert Craik, 
Robert Carrutheris, John Heris, junior, James Kirkpatrick, 
and Archibald Welsche, burgh officers (“‘ sergiandis de 
Drumfres ’’). 
t1th May, 1546. 
(39-) | 
fol. 35] Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun of 
Bardanoch, in virtue of a precept directed by William, Earl 
of Glencarne, to him, John Edzar, and John Velsche, his 
bailies in that part, dated at Drumfres [day and month 
blank], 1545 [witnesses, James Vallas, notary, Master 
Nichel Vallace, Herbert Jon of Petteraw, and Andrew 
Greir], passed to the sixteen shilling land of Ovirsyde of 
Nethir Farthing of Inglistoun in the sheriffdom of Drumfres, 
which John Edzar of Inglistoun had resigned, and gave 
sasine to Uchred Edzar, son and heir apparent of the said 
John and Besseta Roresoun his wife, and to the longer liver 
in conjunct fee and the heirs of their bodies procreated or 
to be procreated. Done upon the ground. Witnesses, 
Robert Greir in Inglistoun, John Edzar, Andrew Greir, 
William M‘Curte, John Valker, Paul Roresoun, and Thomas 
M‘Corane. 
12th May, 1546. 
(40.) 

fol. 36] Memorandum narrating that James Hannay, son of 
John Hannay in Craigvild deceased, and James Hannay in 
Ernemolloch, uncompelled and of their own free will resigned 
all right, claim, and kindness in the six shillings and eight 
pennies lands of Vodheid, with their kindness in the mill 
thereof in the parish of Troqueer, lordship of Lag, and 


ANDERSON’S PRrRotTocoL Book. 201 


stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, occupied by John Greir in Vod- 
heid in favour of Herbert Irving in Trailtrow. Done in the 
notary’s chamber. Witnesses, Nicholas Harkness, William 
Maxwell, dwelling with John Maxwell of Lochrutoun, 
Thomas Hornar, and Sir James Carrutheris, chaplain. 
24th May, 1546. 
(41.) 

Memorandum narrating that John Kirkaucht, in virtue 
of a precept directed by George Marchell, provost of Lin- 
cloudane, to him, John Maxwell of Lochrutoun, and John 
Andersoun, bailies in that part, dated at Lincloudane, rst 
July, 1546 [witnesses, John Browne, Master John Stewart, 
Andrew Stewart, Master James Murray, and Hercules 
Barkclay ], passed to a piece of land of the lands of Lin- 
cloudane, occupied by John Clark, lying within the town of 
Troqueir, between the lands of George Heris deceased on 
the north and the lands of Lincloudane on the south, and 
another piece of land or tenement in the town of Troqueir, 

having on the west the high road which leads to the 
fol. 37] parish church of Troqueir, containing three roods 
occupied by Janet Neill between the lands of the said George 
Heres deceased on the south, and the said lands of Lin- 
cloudane on the north, with houses, &c., and gave sasine 
thereof to John Greirsone of Lag, his heirs and assignees. 
Done upon the land respectively. Witnesses, John Velche, 
William Velche, and James Amuligane. 

20th August, 1546. 
(42.) 
Marjoribanks. 

Memorandum narrating that William Marjoribanks, 
grandson of Robert Marjoribanks, uncompelled and of his 
own free will resigned all right, &c., to the ten shillingland 
of Burellschawe, in the parish of Kirkpatrick-Juxta, stewar- 

try of Annandale, and lordship of Marjoribanks to 
fol. 38] William Marjoribanks, his heirs and assignees, and 
this for a sum of money paid to William by John Marjori- 
banks, ‘‘ als gynkin,’’ in name and on the part of William. 
Done in the chamber of the notary. Witnesses, David 
Newall, burgess of Dumfries, John Bell in Lochrutoun, 


202 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL BOOK. 


Thomas Lebody, and Sir Robert Loarin (?), chaplain and 
curate of Kirkpatrick Durane. 

zoth August, 1546. 

(43-) 
ffrude. 

Memorandum narrating that Herbert Johnstoun, son of 
Edward Johnstoun deceased, burgess of Dumfries, uncom- 
pelled and of his free will resigned all right, claim, and 
kindness to an acre of land lie Peisshill, within the lands of 
Dumfries occupied by Margaret (?) Jardine between the acre 
of John Newall deceased, occupied by Elizabeth Douglass, 
spouse of James Andersoun deceased, on the north, and a 
rood of land of Patrick Steile, now in the hands of his wife, 
Joan M‘Dill, on the south, in favour of Thomas Frude, bur- 
gess of Dumfries, and this for a certain sum of money paid to 
the said Herbert by the said Thomas. Done in the dwelling 

of the said Thomas. Witnesses, Elias Cunynghame, 
fol. 39] baillie of Dumfries, John Corre, Thomas Ranying, 
Peter Rig, Ninian Jardine, and Cuthbert Macmannady. 

17th August, 1546. 

(44-) ) 

On the same day, Herbert Johnstone constituted Thomas 
Frude, his heirs, &c., his cessionaries and assignees, to a 
three years’ tack by the laird Conhayth, from this the date 
of the said Herbert’s entry and paying of the duty to the 
said laird. 

(45;) 

Memorandum narrating that John Carrutheris of Holm- 
endis, cautioner of Mariota Carrutheris, wife of Gilbert 
M‘Clellane of Barmagaichane, who for herself and her hus- 
band had entered into a contract with William Jardine of 
Appilgarth, in regard to a charter and precept of sasine of 
the forty shilling lands of Drumjowane in the parish of 
Kirkanderis and stewartry of Kirkcudbright, in favour of 
herself and her husband, under reversion of three hundred 
merks, and had caused the said contract to be read and 
published at Dumfries on the last day of July, 1546, that 
she and her cautioner required the presence of William 
Jardine so that he might receive one hundred merks of the 


ANDERSON’S Protocot Book. 203 


three hundred merks not yet paid, that they had consigned 
the money in the hands of John Carrutheris, burgess of Dum- 
fries, for the use of the said William, that Mariota and 
her husband exhibited their seals for sealing the reversion, 
and that she and her cautioner asserted that she had _ per- 
formed her part of the contract, and that she was entitled 

to the possession of the said lands. Done in the 
fol. 40) church of the friars of Dumfries. Witnesses, John 
Bell, burgess of Kirkcudbricht, William Stergioun, Andrew 
Mathesoun, Herbert Andersoun, notary public, Thomas 
Connelsoun, Sir James Loremer. 

8th September, 1546. 


(46.) 
Reid. 

Memorandum narrating that John Raa, burgess of Dum- 
fries, uncompelled and of his free will resigned all right, 
claim, and kindness in six roods of the vicarage lands of 
Dumfries lying near Z7e Kirklands Moit occupied by Thomas 
Colling, between certain lands in the hands of John Craufurd, 
junior, on the west and east, in favour of Matthew Reid, 

his heirs and executors, upon reversion of £5, 
fol. 41] together with a letter of tack of the said six roods for 
three years after the redemption of the same, for the annual 
payment to the vicar of Dumfries and his factors of the 
usual rent, and this until repayment made to the said 
Mathew, together with the said letter of tack. Done in the 
notary’s chamber. Witnesses, David M‘Kynnell, Alexander 
Frude, burgess of Dumfries, John M‘Ilweyn, and John Gib- 
bonsoun. 

20th September, 1546. 


(47-) 
Memorandum narrating that William, son of John 
Asloane in Troquere, deceased, ‘* beand condampnit to ye 


deid by ane assiss for his deidis and in speciall for certain 
corne and claiths of Pate Scute’s tuik upone him as he was 
to mak ansre befoir almychtie God that William Makmorane 
sone to umquhile Quintyne M‘Morrane was yeirout Innosent 
and saikless of art and part of Pate Scuittis corne and claithis, 


904 ANDERSON’sS PRoTocoL Book. 


And in ye meantyme askit ye said William forgevnis and 
grantit yt he haid faillit to him in ye scandering of him for ye 
saids gudis. At Lochmaben gait gallowis, at or about two” 
p-m. Witnesses, David Newall, Peter Rig, baillies of Drum- 
fres, Thomas Rig, Charles Gurlaw, William M‘Morane in 
Mwir, John Amuligane, Gilbert Cannock, Finlay Reche, 
John Thomsone, William Carnis, and John Carnis his sone. 
tith October, 1546. 


(48.) 

Memorandum narrating that William Earl of Glencarne 
passed to the five pound land of Stronschilloche, lying in the 
sheriffdom of Drumfres, and there with his own hand gave 
sasine thereof to Alexander, son and heir of the late Thomas 

Glencorse, his heirs and assignees. Done on the said 
fol. 42] oround. Witnesses, John Maxwell in Kilbeyn, John 
Edzar of Inglistoun, Andrew Roresoun, senior, John 
Cunynghame of Dardarroch, Andrew Cunynghame, William 
Cunynghame, John Edzar, and John Blak. 

28th October, 1546. 


(49-) 

Memorandum narrating that Edward Creichtoun of 
Luberre, deputy of William Lord Sanquhar, sheriff principal 
of Dumfries, in virtue of the letters and extract from the 
books (‘‘rolamentum’’) of the court of the said sheriff, 
passed, in order to divide the third part, to the following 
lands, viz.: the £20 lands of Dolfebill, the £10 lands of 
Cumrewe, the £5 lands of Nethirgarvald, the fifty shilling- 

land of Overgarvald, the £5 lands of Mekilholme, the 
fol. 43] thirty shillingland of Skallig, the half part of Knock- 
nyll, the twenty shillingland of Fawgill, the twenty shilling- 
land of Coitlandis, the twenty shillingland of Reidhall, the 
twenty shillingland of Templand, the half merkland of Carne- 
selloch, and the forty pennyland of Glenmaid in the stewar- 
try of Annandale and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and after 
service of the brief, assigned to Katherine Kirkpatrik, relict 
of Roger Kirkpatrik of Ross deceased, a third part of the 
said lands. Done at Dolfebill. Witnesses, Alexander Kirk- 
patrick in Kirkmichael, Herbert Corry, Thomas Mortoun, ; 


ANDERSON’S Prorocot Book. 205 


James Vilsone, Andrew Creichtoun, John Colter, William 
Kirkpatrik, and Gawine Kirkpatrik. ; 
8th November, 1548. 
(50.) 
fol. 44] Memorandum narrating that John Charteris, in virtue 
of a precept directed by William Earl of Glencarne to him, 
John Smycht, and John Gordoun, bailies in that part, dated 
at Glencarne, 30th October, 1546 [ witnesses, John Blak, John 
M‘Culloch, John Reyde, John Gordoun, and Herbert Ander- 
soun, notary public], passed to the three merkland of 
Lochur, lying in the barony of Glencarne and sheriffdom of 
Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to Elizabeth 
Chalmer, relict of Ninian Chreichtoun of Bellebocht, her 
heirs and assignees. Done at the dwelling place of John 
Smycht within the said lands. Witnesses, George Cunyng- 
hame in Craignestoun, John Smycht, Uchred M‘Ewyne, and 
John Momorsoun. 
4th November, 1546. 
(51-) 

fol. 46] Memorandum relating that Cuthbert Fergussoun in 
Glencrosche produced to William Earl of Glencairn a charter 
of the two merkland and forty pennyland of Glenjawin in the 
sheriffdom of Dumfries and earldom of Glencairn, granted 
by John Greirson of Dalmacurane in favour of Isabella, 
daughter of the said Cuthbert, dated 2oth November, 1522, 
and a notarial instrument, under the hand of Sir Thomas 
Connelsoune, notary public, in favour of the said Isabella, 
dated zoth November, 1522, and alleged in presence of the 
said Earl, lord superior of the said lands, that he went to his 
audience, that the said John was about to invest [blank] 
Greirsone, his son, in the fee of the said lands to the loss 
and prejudice of the said Isabella, and meanwhile the Earl 
himself made answer that the premisses could not hurt or 
damage Isabella, because he himself had previously seen 
the instrument of sasine granted by John before Isabella's 
infeftment and sasine, and so Isabella could suffer no damage 
during her lifetime.* Done at the Castle of Glencairn. 
Witnesses, Andrew Roresoun of Bardannoch, John Wilsone, 


* “ Pro eo quod ipse prius videbat instrumentum sasine ipsius 


206 ANDERSON’s Protocot Book. 


John Cunynghame, and Sir Herbert Andersoun, notary 
public. 

4th November, 1546. 

(52-) 

Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun intimated 
in the presence of the Earl of Glencairn that he was infeft 
in the merkland of Nethir Kirkcudbrycht and in the lands 
called ‘‘ the twa merklands,’’ in virtue of a charter granted 
by Robert Cunynghame, son of the Earl, as he alleged, for 
the time. Done at the Castle of Glencairn. | Witnesses, 
Robert Cunynghame of Hayket, Robert Cunynghame of 
Auchenerve, Thomas Farle, John Edzar, and George 
Cunynghame. 

28th October, 1546. 

(53) 
fol. 47) Memorandum narrating that William Earl of Glen- 
carne and lord superior of the one merkland of the Jie ovir- 
- farthing of Inglistoun, formerly occupied by Patrick Blak 
deceased, and the twenty shillingland of /ze oversyde of 
Mydfarthing of Inglistoun in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, 
passed to the said land, and there gave sasine thereof 
to John Edzar of Inglistoun and Isabella Fergussoun, his 
wife, and to the longest liver on conjunct fee, &c., &c. Done 
upon the said twenty shilling land. Witnesses, John Max- 
well in Kilbane, Alexander Glencorss, John Welsche in 
Collistoun, and John Edzar. 

28th October, 1546. 

(54-) 

Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun of Kirk- 
cudbrycht uncompelled and of his own free will granted to 
William Earl of Glencairn authority to erect a mill and 

water-gang within the merklands of Nethir Kirkcud- 
fol. 48] bricht. Witnesses, Robert Cunynghame of Hayket, 
Robert Cunynghame of Auchenharve, Thomas Farle, John 
Edzar, and George Cunynghame. 
28th October, 1546. 


Johannis dictarum terrarum factum ante infeodationem et 
sasinam ipsius Isabelle, et sic non potuit nec decet inferre sibi 
Tsabelle dampnum ex toto tempore vite sue.” 


ANDERSON’s ProrocoL Book. 207 


(55-) 

Memorandum narrating that Andrew Newlandis, bur- 
gess of Dumfries, with the consent of Mariota M‘Cartnay, 
his wife, passed to his tenement and garden lying within the 
burgh of Dumfries beyond the lower gate, and there re- 
signed an annual rent of ten shillings to Helis Cunyng- 
hame, baillie of the burgh of Dumfries, in favour and for 
the use of John Lyndsay, burgess of the said burgh; and the 
said bailie gave sasine of the said annual rent to be uplifted 
out of the subjects aforesaid, and this under reversion of £5 
to be paid to the said John, his heirs and assignees, for 
redemption of the said annual rent. Done on the ground. 
Witnesses, James Watsone and Michael Lyndsay, burgess 
of Dumfries. 

1st April, 1546. 

(56.) 
fol. 49] Memorandum narrating that Master George Marchell, 
provost of Lincloudane, and lord superior of the lands under- 
written, passed to the three acres, lying in lie piesscroft on 
the north with house and garden and grazing of three soums 
(‘‘ herbagium trium summarum ”’’), all in the Mains of Lin- 
cloudane, formerly the property of Beatrix Carmichell, and 
resigned by her in favour of Richard M‘Kee of Myrtoun, his 
heirs and assignees, and there gave sasine thereof to the said 
Richard. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Walter Stewart 
of Barcly, Symon Johnstoun, Robert Maxwell, Herbert 
Johnstone, Master James Murray, vicar of Terreglis, and 
George Maxwell. 

16th December, 1546. 
(57) 
Ranyng. 

Memorandum narrating that George Maxwell, son of 
Master George Maxwell, deceased, uncompelled and of his 
own free will assigned all right, claim, and kindness to a 
‘* quarter land’’ lying in Tounheid of Tynvald, within the 
sheriffdom of Dumfries and lordship of Tinwald, which be- 
longed formerly to John Ranyng, deceased, and which said 
John at the time of his illness gave to said George, in favour 
of Thomas Ranyng, and that for a certain sum of money 


208 ANDERSON’sS PrRotrocot Book. 


paid by him to the said George. Done in the hall of 

Tynvald. Witnesses, George Maxwell, brother 
fol. 50] german of the lord of Carneselloch, James Maxwell 
in Borschell, John Mundell, and Sir Andrew Glover, rector 
of Tynvald. 

5th March, 1546. 

(58-) 

Memorandum narrating that John Maxwell in Kilbane, 
in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by James 
Earl of Mortoun, Lord of Dalkeith and Abirdor, to him and 
Robert Brown, bailies in that part, dated at Abirdor, 8th 
May, 1546, passed to the two merkland of Drumschennoch, 
in the barony of Mortoun and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and 
there gave sasine thereof to Alexander, son of Thomas 
Glencors, deceased. Done on ground at the house occupied 
by William Hunter. Witness, William Hunter, Donald 
Dalrumpill, and Lancelot Dougall. 

27th May, 1547. 

(59-) 
We a Scrymgeor. 

Memorandum narrating that John Kyle, in virtue of a 
precept under the Great Seal, directed by the Queen to him 
and Jeffrey Irving, baillies in that part, dated at Edinburgh, 
18th March, 1547, passed to the ten merkland of the south 
side of the mains of Torthorwald and the ten merkland of 
the town and lands of Rouken and Drumbeg, lying in the 
sheriffdom of Dumfries, which belonged to Michael Lord 
Carlile, and were apprised, and there gave sasine 
therof to Jonet Scrymgeor, Lady Carlisle, her heirs 
and assignees. Done upon the said lands respectively. 
Witnesses, Jeffrey Irving, Michael Rechertsoun, Cuthbert 
Murray, James Murray, John Irving, William Irving in 
Hoille, James Gordoun, Walter Branzer, and Thomas 
Rechertsoun. | 


7th April, 1547. 


fol. 51] 


(60.) 
Vilsone, Drumfres. 
Memorandum narrating that John Neilsoun, burgess of 
Dumfries, son and heir of John Neilsoun deceased, formerly 


ANDERSON’S ProtrocoLt Book. 209 


burgess of Dumfries, passed to a tenement and garden lying 
in Lochmabengait in the said burgh, between the tenement 
of George Curror on the west and that of George Hucheon 
on the east, and there assigned all right and claim to a hall, 
chamber, stable, peat-house (‘‘ domus glebarum ’’), and the 
third part of the garden of the said tenement, occupied by 
John and Herbert Vilsone, into the hands of Peter Rig, bailie 
of the said burgh, in favour and for the use of Herbert 
Vilsone, burgess of Dumfries, his heirs and assignees, and 
the said Peter gave sasine thereof to the said Herbert; 
fol. 52] and this under reversion of £30. Done in the fore- 
said garden. Witnesses, William Bell and William M‘Birnie, 
burgesses of Dumfries. 
7th July, 1547. 
(61.) 
Of the same date John Neilsoun bound himself, his heirs 
and assignees, his lands, and his goods moveable and im- 
moveable in warrandice of the said subjects, under the said 
reversion and with a letter of tack for one year. Witnesses, 
Peter Rig, bailie, William Bell, and William M ‘Birnie. 


fol. 56] (62.) 
Memorandum narrating that Thomas Fergussone of 
Craigdarroch passed to the thirteen shillings and four pence 
land of Chapellmark, lying in the barony of Craufurdstoun 
within the parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, 
occupied by Fergus M‘Cubbyne, and there with his 
fol. 57] own hands gave sasine to Arthur, his son, in terms of 
a lease, dated at Craigdarroch, 27th November, 1546 [wit- 
nesses, Matthew Fergussone, Cuthbert Fergussone, Andrew 
Fergussone, Thomas Fergussone, Fergus M‘Cubbyne, John 
Bryce, Fergus Fergussone, tailor, John M‘Connell, and Her- 
bert Andersone, notary public], at a rent of five merks. 
Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Matthew Fergussone, 
Fergus M‘Cubbyne, and Sir John Dunbar, rector of Castel- 
mylk. : 
6th August, 1547. 
(63-) 
Memorandum narrating that Thomas Fergussone of 


210 ANDERSON’s Protocot Book. 


Craigdarroch passed to the two and one half merk land of 
Conraicht, in the barony of Craufurdstoun, and within the 

~ parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and 
fol. 58] there with his own hands gave sasine thereof to 
Matthew Fergussone, his son “‘natural,’’ in liferent, in 
terms of a lease, dated at Craigdarroch, 27th November, 
1546 [witnesses, Arthur Fergussone, Cuthbert Fergussone, 
Andrew Fergussone, Thomas Fergussone, John M*‘Kee, 
Dynniss M‘Millane, Robert Fergussone, John Symsoun, and 
Herbert Andersone, notary public], at a rent of ten merks. 
Done upon the ground. Witnesses, Arthur Fergussone, 
John Symsone, and Sir John Dunbar, rector of Castelmylk. 

26th August, 1547. 

(64.) 

Memorandum narrating that Arthur and Matthew Fer- 
fol. 59] wussoun obliged themselves not to trouble their father 
in the bruiking or setting of the merklands of Chapellmark, 
or the two and one half merkland of Conraicht, nor to intro- 
mit with the said lands during their father’s lifetime save 
with his consent. 

26th November, 1547. 


(65-) 
Cunynghame. 

Memorandum narrating that William Earl of Glencarne 
passed to the five merkland of Maxweltoun alias Darnayn- 
gill, lying in the parish of Glencairn and sheriffdom of 
Dumfries, and there with his own hands gave sasine thereof 
to Marjorie Cunynghame, relict of John Cunynghame of 
Byrkschawe, deceased, her heirs and assignees. Done upon 
the ground. Witnesses, John Edzar, James Dunbar, and 
John M‘Come. 

26th August, 1547. 


(66.) 
Memorandum narrating that John Edzar, in virtue of 
a precept directed by William Earl of Glencarne to him and 
Peter Greir in Inglistoun, bailies in that part, dated at Glen- 
cairn, 8th December, 1547 [witnesses, Allan Cunynghame, 
John Blak, Robert Greir, John Edzar, James Dunbar, and 


fol. 60] 


ANDERSON’s ProtrocoL Book. 211 


Master Michael Vallace], passed to the two and one half 
merkland of Maxveltoun, alias Darnayngill, and there gave 

sasine thereof to Robert, son of John Cunynghame 
fol. 61] of Byrkschawe, deceased. Done ‘‘ apud manerium 
sui castri’’ at the lands of Maxveltoun. Witnesses, John 
M‘Gellane in Bellybocht, John Maxwell, junior, there, Allan 
Edzar, and Sir George Hustoun, chaplain. 

17th December, 1547. 


(67-) 

Memorandum narrating that Cuthbert Cunynghame of 
Castelpharne passed to the two merkland of Castelpharne, 
lying in the barony of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, 
and there with his own hands gave sasine to Isabella, daugh- 
ter of Thomas Fergussone of Craigdarroch, in her pure 
virginity in an eleven shillings land of the said two merkland 
in liferent. Done at the mansion of Castelpharne. Wit- 
nesses, Robert Fergussone, junior, of Craigdarroch, Arthur 
Fergussone, Cuthbert Cunynghame in Craignestane, Robert 
Greir in Inglistoun, Thomas Fergussone of Craigdarroch, 
and James Greir. 

25th June, 1548. 


(68.) 
fol. 62] Memorandum narrating that Arthur Fergussoun, in 
virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by Alexander 
Stewart of Garlies to him, and Robert Fergussoun of Craig- 
darroch, bailies in that part, dated at Kernzeild, 8th June, 
1548 [witnesses, Master John Stewart, James Charteris, 
John Stewart, and Sir John Wallace, junior, chaplain], 
passed to the forty penny land of Ile in the barony of Dal- 
swinton, parish of Kirkmahoe, and sheriffdom of 
fol. 63) Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to John Fer- 
gussoun, son of John Fergussoun of Ile, deceased. Done at 
the mansion of Ile. Witnesses, Sir Roger Kirkpatrik, rector 
of Nethirewiss, Sir Andrew Hanying, vicar of Dunscoir, 
Martin Murheid, and William Harper. 
26th August, 1548. 
(69.) 


Memorandum narrating that Thomas Wilsone of Croig- 


212 ANDERSON’sS PRotocot Book. 


lyne passed to his lands of Macquyestoun and there gave 
sasine of £10 scots to Agnes Greirsone, -relict of John 
Gordoun of Blaket, deceased, in her pure viduity, by reason 
of marriage between her and the said Thomas, to be uplifted 
annually by her all the years of her life, with infeftment in 
the ten merk lands of Croglin and Macquyestoun, in the 
parish of Tynron, barony of Glencairn, and sheriffdom of 
Dumfries. Done at Macquyestoun. Witnesses, Paul Redik 
of Dalbaty, Gilbert Greirsone of Daltoun, Herbert Redyk, 
Thomas Schitling, and Sir Robert Velche, vicar of Tynron, 
and also Sir James Carrutheris, rector of Vamffrey. 
13th August, 1548. 


(70.) 
fol. 64] Memorandum narrating that Cuthbert Greirsone, 
brother german of John Greirsone of Lag, resigned all right, 
claim, and kindness in the forty shilling lands of Laucht, in 
the parish of Tynron and sheriffdom of Dumfries, occupied 
by John Fergussoun and Agnes Bannatyne, relict of John 
Fergussoun deceased, in favour of Gilbert Greirsone, his 
brother german, his heirs and assignees, reserving his own 
liferent, with free right of disposal after his death. Done at 
Penpont. Witnesses, James Dougless, Henry Greirsone, 
Robert (?) Bannatyne, and William Bannatyne. 
7th August, 1548. 


(71-) 

Memorandum narrating that Gilbert Greirsone, brother 
of John Greirsone of Lag, in virtue of a precept under the 
great seal directed to him and Peter Greirsone, dated at 
Pynkie, 2oth August, 1548, passed to the £14 lands of 
Ardis with the mill thereof, the twelve merkland of Holm 
of Dalgarnok, lying within the sheriffdom of Dumfries, and 
the twelve merkland called Betwixt the waters and Preist- 
landis, lying in the stewertry of Kirkcudbrycht, which lands 
and mill had belonged to the said John Grierson, and 
had been resigned by him to the Crown, and gave 
sasine of the lands and mill of Ardis and of the lands of 
Holme of Dalgarnok aforesaid to William Greirsone son and 
heir apparent of the said John Greirsone of Lag, his heirs 


fol. 65] 


ANDERSON’sS PrRotocot Book. 2138 


and assignees, under reservation of the said John’s frank 
tenement for his life. Done on the lands of Holme of Dal- 
garnok. Witnesses, John Hunter, Gilbert Greirsoun, 
Thomas Ireland, John Wallace of Brekandsyde, and Sir John 
Johnstoun, chaplain. 
11th September, 1548. 
(72.) 

fol. 66] Cunyinghame. 

Memorandum narrating that Roger M‘Brair, provost of 
Dumfries, passed to the tenement of John M‘Dill, burgess of 
Dumfries, deceased, lying within the said burgh, between the 
tenement of the late John Corsby on the north and the vennel 
called lie stynkand vennel stretching to the water of nyth on 
the south and thare resigned all right and claim to an annual 
rént of 13s 4d to be uplifted out of the said tenement into 
the hands of George Maxwell, baillie of Dumfries, in favour 
and for the use of John Cunyinghame, burgess thereof, his 
heirs and assignees in fee, and the said George Maxwell gave 
sasine to the said John Cunyinghame. Done upon the land 
of the said tenement. Witnesses, William M‘Culloch, ser- 
vant of John Redik; Roger Carrutheris, burgess of Dum- 
fries; and Sir Mark Carrutheris, rector of Moswald, chap- 
lain and notary public. 

24th December, 1548. 

6 873») 
Greirsoun. 
Memorandum narrating that Alexander Kirkpatrik in 
virtue of a precept under the Great Seal directed to him and 
Gilbert Greirsoun, bailies in that part, dated at 
fol. 67] Pynkee, 28th August, 1548, passed to the ten merk- 
land called Betwixt the waters and Preistlandis, lying in the 
stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht, and there gave sasine 
fol. 68] thereof to William Greirsoun, son and heir apparent 
of John Greirsoun of Lag and his heirs, under reservation of 
the frank tenement of the said lands during all the days of 
his life, with a third of the same to Egidia Kennedy, his wife. 
Done upon the ground. Witnesses, John Maxwell, John 
Fawop, John Saidler, Gilbert Greir, and James Amvligane. 
[Blank] February, 1548-9. 


214 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL BooK. 


(74-) 
Corswan—Maxvell. 

Memorandum narrating that John Corre, in virtue of a 
precept directed by John Greirsoun of Lag to him, John 
Andersoun in Terrauchy, Gilbert Greir, and John Asloane of 

Corbiehill, bailies in that part, dated at Lag, ist 
fol. 69] September, 1547, [witnesses, Cuthbert Greirsoun, 
John Velche, John Kirkaucht, and David Murheid], passed 
to the tenement in the territory of the town of Troqueir and 
barony of Drumsleit, on the west ‘of the highway which 
leads to the parish church of Troqueir, containing three 
roods of land, between the land of George Heres, deceased, 
on the south, and certain lands of the provostry of Lin- 
cloudane on the north, occupied by Jonet Neill, which tene- 
ment and lands were in the hands of the said John Greirsoun 
as lord superior by reason of the death of Herbert Corswan, 

and there gave sasine thereof to John Corswan, son 
fol. 70] of the said Herbert, his heirs and assignees. 
Reddendo two shillings annually. Done on the ground. 
Witnesses, William Maxwell, John Maxwell in Bourlandis, 
and Thomas Reche. Immediately afterwards the said John 
Corswan gave sasine of-the subjects aforesaid to James 
Maxwell, dwelling in Conhaith. 
3rd April, 1540. 
(75-) 
fol. 71 Creichtoun, Craufurdtoun. 

Memorandum narrating that Robert Fergussoun, junior 
of Craigdarroch, in virtue of a precept directed by William 
Lord Creichtoun of Sanquhar and baron of the barony of 

Craufurdton alias Balnacane, to him bailie in that 
fol. 72] part, dated at Sanquhar roth March, 1548, [wit- 
nesses, Harbert Creichtoun and William Creichtoun, brothers 
of the said Lord, William Creichtoun in Auchintaggart, 
Master Robert Creichtoun, rector of Sanquhar, and William 
Litill], passed to the fourteen merkland of Craufurdtoun and 
Steuartoun lying in the barony aforesaid, and there gave 
sasine of the said lands to John Creichtoun, son and heir 

apparent of Andrew Creichtoun of Craufurdtoun. 
fol. 731 Done on the ground. Witnesses, Andrew Creich- 


a 


ANDERSON’S PRrRotTocoL Book. 215 


toun of Craufurdtoun; Andrew Creichtoun and Thomas 
Creichtoun, brothers; John M‘Murdy, John Reid, and 
William M‘Joir. 
6th April, 1549. 
(76.) 
Ewart—Jonstoun. 

Memorandum narrating that John Ewart of Bodisbek 
passed to the £5 land of Bodisbek, and to the £5 land of 
Skistinholm, lying in the Stewartry of Annandale, and there 
with his own hands, uncompelled and of his free will, gave 

sasine thereof to his son John, and Jonet Johnstoun, 
fol. 74) his wife, in conjunct fee. Done on the ground. 
Witnesses, William Atkinsone, James Hendersone, Thomas 
Ewart, John Johnstone, son of Thomas Johnstone of Crago- 
burne, and Andrew Colterer. 

25th April, 1549. 

(77-) 
Makcawlis, Messingerlandis. 

Memorandum narrating that Robert Greirsone in Inglis- 

toun in virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by John 

Greirsoun of Lag, Lord Superior of Messingerlandis 
fol. 75] and Grenane, to him and John Velche, bailies in that 
part, dated at Lag 26th September, 1548 [witnesses, Cuth- 
bert Greirsoun, John Maxvell, and Sir John Jamesoun, 
chaplain], passed to the said lands lying in the barony of 
Tibbaris, parish of Penpont, and sheriffdom of Dumfries, 
and there gave sasine of four oxgates thereof to Isabella, 
Jonet, and Mariota M‘Cawle, daughters of Gilbert M‘Cawle 

of that ilk. Done on the ground. Witnesses, 
fol. 76] Gilbert Greirsoun in Craignie, Gilbert Greirsoun of 
Dalmaccurane, Arthur Fergussoun, Gilbert M‘Cawle, James 
M‘Cawill, and Roger Greirsoun. 

27th September, 1548. 


(78.) 
Cunynghame. 
Memorandum narrating that Alexander Coittis in virtue 
of a precept of clare constat directed by John Lord Hay of 
Zestor and baron of the barony of Snayde to him and 


216 ANDERSON’S PRotTocot Book. 


Andrew M‘Gowin, bailies in that part, dated at Neth- 
fol.77] pecht 4th June, 1548 [witnesses, John Lyndsay, John 
Dicksoun, James Hay, and Nicholas Quhippo, notary 
public], passed to the two merkland of Byrkschawe and 

the two merkland of Feuchlarg, within the said 
fol. 78] barony, and sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave 
sasine thereof to Andrew, son of John Cunynghame of 
Byrkschawe, deceased. Done on the ground. Witnesses, 
William Cunynghame, Andrew Makgowin, Amer Smycht, 
John M‘Clein, John Hunter, and Sir George Cunynghame. 

7th June, 1549. 

(79-) 
fol. 79] Kirkpatrik. 

Memorandum narrating that Andrew Roresoun, junior, 
tutor of Bardanocht and Lord of the one merkland of Ovir- 
kirkcudbrycht, lying in the parish of Glencairn and sheriff- 
dom of Dumfries, passed to the said lands, and there with 
his own hands gave sasine thereof to Allan Kirkpatrik in 
Cloisborne, his heirs and assignees. Done on the ground. 
Witnesses, John Velche in Collestoun, John Creichtoun in 
Hill, Peter Dennam of Creichane, David Morton, Robert 
Amvligane, and George Amvligane. 

tith June, 1540. 

(80.) 
rorpso Amuligane. 

Memorandum narrating that John Velche in Collestoun 
and lord of the land underwritten, passed to the one merk- 
land of Stronschilloch called the merkland of the burnesyde 
lying in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, occupied by Marion 
Schitlingtoun, and there with his own hands gave sasine to 
George Amuligane, merchant, dwelling in the parish of 
Tynroun, his heirs and assignees. Done on the ground. 
Witnesses, Cuthbert Grierson in Dalskairth, John Creich- 
toun in Hill, Peter Dennam of Creichane, Gilbert Amuligane, 
and Allan Kirkpatrick. 

11th June, 1549. 

(81.) 
U2 LU Roresoun. 
Memorandum of obligation by Allan Kirkpatrick dwell- 


ANDERSON’S PrRotTocoL Book. 27 


ing in Cloisburn, by which he bound himself, his heirs and 
assignees, to grant to Andrew Roresoun, junior, his heirs 
and assignees, a letter of reversion, for redemption of the 
one merkland of Overkirkcudbright alienated by Andrew to 
him, on payment of 100 merks. Witnesses, John Welsche 
in Collestoun, John Creichtoun in Hill, Peter Dennam of 
Creichane, David Mortoun, Gilbert Amuligane, George 
Amuligane, and Cuthbert Grierson in Dalskartht. 
11th June, 1549, 
(82.) 
Welche. 

On the same day George Amuligane bound himself, his 
heirs and assignees, to grant to John Velche in Collestoun, 
his heirs and assignees, a letter of reversion for redemption 
of the merkland of Burnesyde in Stronschilloch in the 

barony of Glencairn and sheriffdom of Dumfries, on 
fol. 82] payment of £100 of money as underwritten, viz., 
XXXVii unicornis and crovnis of ye abbay, ii harye nobillis, 
xliii crovnis of vecht, ili riders and ane franche crovne, con- 
tenand ilk unicorn, crovne of ye abbay and crovne of vecht, 
xxii sh. vid. Ilk Harie nobill xviii sh. Ik rider kepand ye 
angell nobill vecht, xxx sh. Witness, Andrew Roresoun. 

tith June, 1549. 

(83.) 
Cunyngham—Craufurdtoun. 

Memorandum narrating that Thomas Creichtoun, in 
virtue of a precept directed by William Lord Crechtoun of 
Sanquhar and baron of the barony of Craufurdtoun, alias 

Balnacane, to him and Edward Crechtoun, bailies in 
fol. 83] that part, dated at Sanquhar, 6th June, 1549 [wit- 
nesses, Herbert Creichtoun and William Creichtoun, brothers 
of the said lord, and [their] brother, Master Robert Crech- 
toun, rector of Sanquhar, Ninian Crechtoun in Auchin- 

taggart, Cuthbert Creichtoun, his brother, and 
fol. 84] William Littill], gave sasine to Robert Fergussoun 
of Craigdarroch, attorney of Christina, daughter of William 
Cunynghame of Craiganis, deceased, in her pure virginity, 
in liferent, on her marriage with John Creichtoun of Crau- 
furdtoun, alias Balnacane, with consent of his father, 


218 ANDERSON’s PROTOCOL BOooK. 


Andrew Creichtoun, liferenter of the lands underwritten, in 

the two and one half merkland of Segesik and Ovirclauchop, ~ 

alias Sanct Michell Chapell. Done on the ground. 

fol. 85] Witnesses, Andrew Crechtoun of Craufurdtoun, 

Edward Crechtoun, Thomas Asloane, and John Creichtoun. 
12th June, 15409. 


(84.) 
Vilsoun, Greirsone, of Croglin. 

Memorandum narrating that Thomas Vilsoun of Crog- 
lin, heir of Gilbert Vilsoun, deceased, passed to his back 
tenement, in the burgh of Dumfries, on the east of the High 
Street, between the tenement of Thomas Newall, deceased, 
on the south, and the tenement of Thomas M‘Brair, 
deceased, on the north, and the tenement of John Andersoun 
on the east and the High Street on the west, and there 
resigned all right, claim, &c., to the said back tenement in 
the hands of David Cunynghame, bailie of Dumfries, in 
favour and for the use of himself and Agnes Greirsoun his 
wife, and the longer liver in conjunct fee, and their heirs. 
He also passed to a tenement with garden in the said burgh 

in the ‘‘ bak rawe’’ on the east of the High Street 
fol. 86] between the tenement of Gilbert M‘Cleir on the south 
and the tenement of Richard Edzar on the north, and there 
resigned all right, claim, &c., in the said tenement in favour 
and for the use of himself and his said spouse and the longer 
liver, and the heirs to be procreated of their bodies, &c., in 
the hands of the said David. Done on the said tenements. 

Witnesses, Gilbert Greirson in Kirkbride, Robert 
fol. 87] Greirson in Ingleston, Robert Greirson in Cormuli- 
gane, Martin Edzar, William M‘Culloch, serjeands, and 
Thomas Ranying, senior, burgess of Dumfries. 

8th July, 1540. 


(85.) 

Memorandum narrating that Marjory Cunynghame, 
relict of John Cunynghame of Birkschawe deceased, passed 
to the two and one half merkland of Maxwelltoun, alias 

Darnayngill, in the barony of Glencairn and sheriff- 
fol. 88] dom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to 


ANDERSON’sS Protoco.t Book. 219 


William, son and heir apparent of Alexander Cunynghame 
of Glencairn. Done on the ground. Witnesses, Robert 
[?—ster] of Failfurd, John Edzar of Inglistoun, Thomas 
Fairlie, Andrew Roresoun, junior, and Sir William Stewart, 
chaplain. 

24th June, 1548. 

(86.) 
Scharp. 

Memorandum narrating that Isabella, daughter of David 
Glover deceased, and heir of Robert Glover deceased, for- 
merly burgess of Dumfries, passed to a tenement belonging 
to her within the burgh of Dumfries on the west part thereof 
between the tenement of Nicholas Scot deceased on the 
south, and that of James Carruthers deceased on the north, 
the High Street of the said burgh on the east, and the way 
to the chapel of B.V.M. on the west, and resigned all right, 
claim, &c., in the said tenement and garden together with 
a day’s labour in Lochirmoss, in lie Hairstane, in the hands 
of John Charteris of Kelvod, bailie of Dumfries, in favour 
and for the use of John Scharp, his heirs and assignees, and 
that under reversion of 20 merks with a letter of tack for 
three years after redemption, at an annual rent of 20s. Done 
on the ground. Witnesses, David Cunynghame, baillie, 

Herbert Cawert, Kentigern Newlandis, Alexander 
fol. 89] Kirk, William M/‘Culloch, and Martin Edzar, ser- 
jeands. 

28th Septémber, 1549. 

(87.) 
fol. 90] Memorandum narrating that John Scharp, dwelling 
in Amisfield, passed to his tenement in the burgh of Dum- 
fries on the west of the street between the tenement of 
Nicholas Scot, deceased, on the south, and the tenement of 
James Carruthers on the north, and the High Street of the 
said burgh on the east and the way to the chapel of B.V.M. 
on the west, and there resigned all right, claim, &c., in the 
said tenement in the hands of John Charteris of Kelwod, 
bailie of Dumfries, in favour and for the use of himself and 
Katherine Frosse, his wife, the longer liver and in con- 
junct fee, and the heirs of their bodies, &c. Done on the 


220 ANDERSON’S PROTOCOL BOOK. 


eround. Witnesses, Kentigern Newlandis, Martin Edzar, 
serjeands, and Sir Elisha Wilsone. 
tst October, 1549. 
(88.) 
fol. 91] Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglis- 
toun passed to his meadow lying in lie Carss and Manis of 
Inglistoun, in the lordship of Inglistoun, barony of Glen- 
in vulgari to the medow 
’ and there gave 


(a9 


cairn, and sheriffdom of Dumfries, 
lyand nerest to the myll of Killegawpocht, 
sasine to Cuthbert Fergussoun in Glencrosche, his heirs and 
assignees, of five roods of the said meadow. Done on the 
ground of the said meadow. Witnesses, John Charteris in 
Kirkland of Glencairn, Arthur Fergussoun, and Thomas Car. 
15th October, 15409. 
(89.) 

On the same day Cuthbert Fergussoun bound himself, 
his heirs and assignees, not to intromit with the said meadow 
in which he is infeft so long as the said John Edzar, hig 
heirs and assignees, will warrant to him, his heirs and 
assignees, the crop of the meadow of last year and certain 
years before. 

(90-) 

fol. 2] Memorandum narrating that Jonet M‘Clarine, wife 
of Thomas Maxvell of Auldgartht, burgess of Dumfries, un- 
compelled by her husband and of her own free will resigned 
in the hands of George Maxvell, bailie of Dumfries, all right, 
claim, &c., in a tenement, belonging to her ‘husband, and 
formerly belonging to Cuthbert Maxwell, deceased, and 
Margaret Lauder, lying at the head of the town of Dum- 
fries, between the tenement of Thomas Cunynghame on the 
west, and the tenement of John Schortrik on the east; and 
that for the infeftment of James Kirkpatrik and Katherine 
Merchell his spouse, their heirs and assignees, in the said 
tenement. [Witnesses names not given. | 

6th May, 1549. 

(91.) 

On the same date, Thomas Maxvell of Auldgartht 
passed to the said tenement, and there, with consent of Jonet 
M‘Clarine his wife, and David Maxvell his son and heir 


ANvDERsON’s Prorocot Book. 221 


apparent, resigned all right, claim, &c., therein in the hands 
of George Maxvell, bailie of Dumfries, in favour and 
fol. 93] for the use of James Kirkpatrik and Katherine Mer- 
chell, his wife, and the longer liver in conjunct fee, &c., and 
the said George Maxvell gave sasine; and the said Thomas 
and Jonet gave to the said James and Katherine an instru- 
ment of Cuthbert Maxvell, deceased, in corroboration of the 
sale of the said tenement. 
(92.) 
fol. 94] Memorandum narrating that Amer Kirkaucht of 
Soundayvell, in virtue of a precept under the Great Seal 
directed to him, Alexander Kirkpatrick and Gilbert Greir- 
soun [date, etc., not given], passed to the £14 land of 
Ardis and the twelve merkland of Holmis of Dalgarnok, 
lying in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine 
thereof to William Greirsoun, son and heir apparent of John 
Greirsoun of Lag, under reservation of the frank tenement 
of the said lands to the said John for his life, and the terce 
thereof to his spouse, Egidia Kennyde. Done on the 
fol. 5] Jands of Ardis at the dwelling place of Andrew 
Velche, and on the lands of Holmis of Dalgarnok, at the 
dwelling place of John Amuligane. Witnesses, Andrew 
Vilsoun in Ardis, Henry Greirsoun, Gilbert Amuligane, 
James Vilsoun, Andrew Vilsoun, junior, Andrew Greirsoun 
in Auchingassel, John Amuligane, Alexander Amuligane, 
Gilbert Amuligane. 
3rd June, 1549. 
(93-) 
Fergusone—Edzar. 

Memorandum narrating that John Edzar of Inglistoun 
passed to his meadow of Inglistoun, lying in Carss of Inglis- 
toun and Manis thereof, in the barony of Glencairn and 
sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there with his own hands gave 
sasine of two acres of the said meadow to Arthur Fergus- 

sone in Glencrosche and Janet Edzar his wife, and 
fol. 96] the longer liver in conjunct fee. Done on the ground. 
Witness, Cuthbert Fergussoun, and Cuthbert Edzar, son of 
the said John. 


27th July, 1549. 


229 ANDERSON’S ProtrocoL Book. 


(94-) 
fol. 98] Cunynghame. 

Memorandum narrating that John Creichtoun in Hill, in 
virtue of a precept of clare constat directed by William 
Cunynghame, master of Glencairn, with consent of his wife 
Jonat Gordoun, liferentrix of the two and a half merklands 
of Marquhirne in the Lordship of Glencairn and county of 
Dumfries, to him Paul Cunynghame, and Kentigern Cunyng- 
hame, bailies in that part, dated at Kenmoir, 17th February, 
1549-50 [witnesses, Alexander Gourdoun in Scheirmerks, 
David Gourdoun in Markbreck, Paul Cunynghame, Kenti- 
gern Cunynghame, Alexander Lindesay, and William Carnis 
of Orchertoun], for giving sasine to James Cunynghame, 
nephew of Sir John Cunynghame, deceased, formerly pre- 
bendary of Lincloudane [the remainder of the instrument is 
awanting |. 


18th February, 1549-50. 


(95-) 
fol. 103] Memorandum narrating that Patrick Maxwell, 
brother of John Maxwell of Carneselloch, deceased, spon- 
taneously resigned all right, claim, kindness, &c., in favour 
of Robert Maxwell, his son, his heirs and assignees, in that 
garden plot (“‘ ortulus terre ’’), lying within the bounds of 
the Kirktoun of Kirkmahoe, which the said Patrick held 
of David Kerit [? Kent], tacksman of the church lands of 
the said church of Kirkmahoe, between a like plot in possés- 
sion of Janet Vallis, relict of Robert Maxwell deceased, on 
the west, and another like plot in possession of Janet Edzar 
on the east. Done in the chamber of the notary. Wit- 
nesses, Robert Carnis, William Oliver, ‘‘ claviger,’’? and 
Thomas Maxwell. 
28th April, 1540. 


(96.) 
Maxwell. 
Memorandum narrating that Mariota, daughter of 
Fergus Dougalsoun, deceased, formerly dwelling in Kille- 
long, with consent of Thomas Thomesoun, uncompelled and 
of her own free will resigned in favour of James Maxwell 


fol. 112] 


ANDERSON’S ProtocoLt Book. 223 


of Auchencarne, his heirs and assignees, all right, claim, 
&c., in the two and one half merkland of Killelong, lying 
in the barony of Holywood and sheriffdom of Dumfries, 

occupied by Besseta Maitland, mother of the said 
fol.113] Mariota, and this for £40 paid to Thomas Thome- 
soun in name of tocher with the said Mariota at certain terms 
specified in a contract of marriage between said James and 
Besseta and Mariota on the one part and the said Thomas on 
the other. Meanwhile the said Besseta renounces all right, 
&c., in the said lands in favour of James Maxwell, her son, 
his heirs and assignees, and this for affection and certain 
other causes. Done in the chamber of the notary. Wit- 
nesses, Andrew Creichtoun of Craufurdtoun, Peter Thom- 
soun, John Maxwell in Lanreding, and Andrew Creichtoun, 
son of the lord of Craufurdtoun. 

2nd June, 1550. 

(97-) 

Memorandum narrating that John Watsoun, dweller in 
Newtoun of Holywood, uncompelled and of his own free 
will, resigned in favour of Robert and Adam Tait, brothers, 
their heirs and assignees, all right, &c., in the five shil- 
ling lands, let to him, lying in the Newtoun of Holywood 
in the sheriffdom of Dumfries, between the lands of John 
Bek, and those occupied by Thomas Maxvell, and this for 

£10 paid at certain terms. Done in the chamber of 
fel. 114] David M‘Gee. Witnesses, William Thomsoun, 
dweller in Holywood, John Amuligane, tailor (‘‘scis- 
sore’’), and David M‘Gee, notary public. 

15th June, 1550. 

(98.) 

Memorandum narrating that Robert Harper, dweller in 
Holyvod, tenant of the ten shilling land of Mossyde, lying 
in the barony of Holyvod and sheriffdom of Dumfries, un- 
compelled and of his own free will resigned all right, claim, 
&c., in five shillings of the said ten shilling lands of Mossyde 
to James Maxwell in Killelong, his heirs and assignees; and 
this for the sum of five merks, paid to the said Robert, his 
heirs and assignees, by the said James, his heirs and 
assignees. Done in the notary’s chamber. Witnesses, 


224 ANDERSON’S PRoTOCcOL Book. 


Archibald Heres of Madinpaupe, Edward Heres in Knockil- 
schyinoch, John Thomsoun in Terreglis, and James Heres. 

16th June, 1550. 

(99-) 

fol. 115] Memorandum narrating that Mariota Robsoun, relict 
of Thomas Fergussoun, and John Fawhop, her son, 
uncompelled and of their own free will, resigned in 
favour of Roger Robsoun, brother of the said Mariota, 
all right, &c., in a quarter of an oxgate of land lying in the 
holm of Dunkow, within the lordship of the same and sheriff- 
dom of Dumfries, and this for a certain sum paid to the said 
Mariota and her son. Done in the notary’s chamber. Wit- 
nesses, William M‘Culloch, and Thomas Harper, burgess of 
Dumfries. 

28th July, 1550. 

(100.) 

fol. 116] Memorandum narrating that Richard Davidsone in 
Larglangly, in virtue of a precept directed by John Greirsoun 
of Lag, lord of the lands underwritten, to him and William 
M‘Birnie, dated at the mansion of Lag, 9th August, 1550 
[witnesses, Cuthbert Greirsoun, Gilbert Greirson, brothers 
of the said John, John Welche, and William Cunynghame ], 
passed to the fifty shilling land of Larglangly, lying in the 
half barony of Ur, in the stewartry of Kirkcudbrycht and 
sheriffdom of Dumfries, and there gave sasine thereof to 
James Johnstone of Blacklaw, son of Gavin Johnstoun in 
Kirktoun, his heirs and assignees. [The rest of the instru- 
ment is awanting. | 

gth August, 1550. 


This prothocoll buik contenis ane hundreth tuentie ane 
lievis qroff the first instrumente qlk is contenit upon the 
first Leiff concernis Jonet Dunbar, Lady Partoun, and ye 
Last instrumente qlk is contenit upoun ye hundreth and six- 
teine Leiff concernis James Johnestoun of Blacklaw of ye 
lands of Larglanglie. 


CowuHiL_ Esrate. 225 


Notes on the Titles of Cowhill Tower, in the Parish 
of Holywood. 


By Mr J. C. R. MacponaLp, W.S., Dumfries. 


The property now known as Cowhill Tower in the parish 
of Holywood and county of Dumfries extends to about 235 
Imperial Acres and has an annual assessable value per Valua- 
tion Roll of 4.415 10s. It forms a part only of a much larger 
property which was known by the comprehensive name of 
Cowhill, and which at one time included the following addi- 
tional subjects :— 


The farm and lands of Nether Killylung, now the property of 
Mrs Hunter. 

The farm and lands of Glengower, now forming part of the 
Estate of Portrack. 

The farm and lands of Muirside, now belonging to Mr W. G. 
Graham. 

_ The farm and lands of Druidpark (originally part of Muirside), 
now the property of Mr R. Swan. 

The farm and lands of Moss-side and the farm and lands of 
Birkhall, now belonging to Mr David Maxwell, and 
The farm and lands of Abbey, immediately adjoining Holy- 
wood Church, now the property of Mr David Johnstone’s 

Trustees. 


The present annual assessable value of these additional 
subjects is approximately £,1245, so that in round figures the 
original estate had it remained undivided would to-day have 
been worth at least 4,45,000 in capital value and would have 
extended to over 800 acres. 

The whole of the property embraced in the original 
estate formed part of the patrimony of Holywood Abbey, and 
is now held direct of the Crown as immediate over Superior. 
The feu duties stipulated for in the charters by progress are 
payable in terms of the Act of Annexation (1587 cap. 29) to 
Her Grace the Duchess of Norfolk as successor of Lord 
Maxwell of Nithsdale, who was the Lord of Erection to whom 
the temporalities of the benefice were gifted immediately after 
the Reformation. 


226 CowHILL ESTATE. 


From the Charters issued under. the Great Seal subse- 
quent to the Act of Annexation, but prior to the subdivision 
of the original estate, it appears that the feu duties amounted 
in cumulo to £28 18s 10d Scots or £ 28s 2}$d sterling. These 
feu duties are now collected annually by the Commissioner 
for the Duchess of Norfolk in the following proportions :— 


From the proprietor of Cowhill Tower ,.. i Bovrgtes 
From the proprietor of Nether Killylung... caer Oe Aene 
From the proprietor of Portrack for Glengower... 0 6 6y4 
From the proprietor of Muirside ... pene) LG 
From the proprietor of Druidpark = Be 8 ori 0) 
From the proprietor of Moss-side and mire. 0.7.56 
From the proprietors of Abbey o 3 114 
42 8 aig 


The casualties or fines payable on the entry of each new 
vassal go not to the successor of the Lord of Erection but to 
the Crown Receiver. They are assessed in the case of an 
heir-at-law of the immediately preceding vassal at a dupli- 
cand of the feu duty and in the case of all others at one-sixth 
of the Valued Rent fixed in 1667. In view of this, it may be 
noted that, as will be shown immediately, the proportion of 
the Valued Rent of the original Cowhill Estate allocated upon 
the part thereof\now known as Cowhill Tower is 378M tos 6d 
or £252 10s 6d Scots, the equivalent of which in sterling 
money is £21 os 6$d. One-sixth part of £21 os 64d is 
#3 10s 2d, and this is the sum that was paid to the Crown 
Receiver on 16th September, 1911, in respect of the entry of 
the present proprietor. No further claim of the same charac- 
ter can emerge during his life, and should he be succeeded by 
his heir-at-law the fine in that event would be restricted to a 
duplicand of the feu duty, i.e., to 14s 4d. 

The old Land Tax assessed upon the original estate was 
44 17s 6d sterling per annum, but was redeemed in 1803 by 
a cash payment of 492 5s 7d. The property of Cowhill 
Tower is therefore exempt from this impost. The teinds of 
the original estate (exclusive of Nether Killylung, Muircroft, 
Cardiesland, and Langmyreside, all of which had then been 


COWHILL ESTATE. 227 


sold) were valued by Decree of the Lords of Council and 
Session on 22nd November, 1769, at the sum of £415 98 7,%d 
per annum, and were surrendered to the Minister of Holy- 
wood in satisfaction of his yearly claim for stipend. In terms 
of the final locality issued in the last augmentation process, 
this cumulo sum is allocated upon the several properties to 
which it applied in the following proportions :— 


Upon the property of Cowhill Tower and Over 


Killylung ead bop be Re ee eo 
Upon Glengower _... bie if ae: “. IIS’ 52% 
Upon Muirside oe a a ii tala sting 
Upon Druidpark AE Ede TP «. © 12) 888 
Upon Moss-side and Birkhall ess cud eels. D7 
Upon the farm of Abbey... ud i Pia ONS 

Als 9 Tits 


From what has been said it will be seen that the property 
of Cowhill Tower is practically freehold, being held direct of 
the Crown for an annual feu duty of 14s 4d, payable to the 
successor of the Lord of Erection, that no further casualty or 
fine can be claimed by the Crown during the lifetime of the 
present proprietor, that the old Land Tax has been redeemed, 
and that apart from rates and taxes (Property Tax, County 
Council and Parish Rates, and Fishery Assessment) the only 
charges upon the property are the claim for Minister’s 
Stipend which is fixed at £5 10s 2d per annum, and the 
ecclesiastical assessments imposed from time to time by the 
Heritors. 

In terms of the Act of Convention dated 13th January, 
1667, the Commissioners of Supply made a revaluation in that 
year of all the lands in the county, fixing what in their opinion 
was the value at that time of each separate possession, and 
this revaluation contained under the Parish of Holywood the 
following items classed as a whole, the description of each 
being that appearing in the Ancient Valuation settled in the 
reign of Alexander III. :— 


The Four Pound half merkland of the Maynes of Cowhill, 
The twa halfe merkland of Killielung, The three merk- 


228 CowHILL ESTATE. 


land of Nether Killilung, The merkland of Lochfoot, The 
half merkland of Muircroft, The fyve shilling land of 
Newtoune, The fyve shilling land of Birkhill, The merk- 
land of Muirsyd, The lands of Marchthorn and Black- 
croft, The Croft called Nairns Croft, The ten shilling 
land of Tounhead, The merkland of Glengower, and 
other merkland pertaining to the fyve shilling land of 
Marchthorne, The ten shilling land of Cardiesland and 
Langmyreside. 


These items classed as a whole embraced everything in 
the parish that at that date (1667) belonged to the then pro- 
prietor of Cowhill Estate, and their annual value was stated 
by the Commissioners to amount 7” cumulo to 787M 6s 8d. 
The farm and lands of Abbey were acquired by Cowhill at a 
later date, and were entered in the Valuation of 1667 as a 
separate possession at 112M 6s 8d under the description of 
‘“ The merkland of Greystoneflatts with the Abbey Yards,”’ 
such being the form in which their value was stated in the 
Ancient Valuation of Alexander III. 

Power was given to the Commissioners, on the applica- 
tion of any Heritor at a subsequent date, to subdivide the 
Valued Rent of 1667 and to allocate it upon its constituent 
parts, and Nether Killylung, Muircroft, and Cardiesland and 
Langmyreside having been sold, it became expedient to have 
this done. Accordingly on 7th March, 1758, on the Petition 
of Dugald Maxwell, the then proprietor of Cowhill, the 
cumulo rent stated in the Valuation of 1667 at 787M 6s 8d for 
the whole estate was allocated by the Commissioners as 
follows :— 


M. S. D. 
Upon the Mains of Cowhill and Over Killylung .... 378 10 6 
Upon Lochfoot ae ses 2.611); 22g OmES 
Upon Marchthorn and lee orolhs tre ee Ge Ss 
Upon Glengower _... 56 10 6 
Upon Birkhill, Caen dand Hines epee a 

Blackeroft, and one-half of Tounhead he Bye 

Upon Moss-side and the other half of Tounhead... 41 7 5 
Upon Muirside ae i a st a 2s) OT ae 


651 6 8 


Cownit Estate. 229 
And upon the subjects sold :— 
Upon Nether Killylung —... a7 safe ie. O38 
Upon Muircroft ... a Sis 5 ri 2a eR 
Upon Cardiesland and Langmyreside _... ic. 720) ius & 
77S Gein 


Since the passing of the Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act, 
1854 (17 and 18 Vict., cap. 91), the Valuation Roll as we now 
have it is made up annually with the object of showing the 
actual rent or value of each separate unit of occupation, and 
it forms the basis for the imposition of all imperial and local 
taxes as well as of assessments imposed by the Heritors for 
the repair of the Holywood Manse. The owner’s liability for 
all such imposts is measured by the real rent which, in the 
case of the property of Cowhill Tower, amounts, as appears 
from the Valuation Roll of 1913-14 to 4.415 10s—a striking 
contrast to the Valued Rent of the Mains of Cowhill and 
Killylung which was fixed by the Commissioners of Supply 
in 1667 at 378M tos 6d or £21 os 64d sterling. This latter 
figure is still the basis for the liability of the property for 
repairs to the fabric of the Church and for the maintenance of 
the Churchyard, and one-sixth of its amount (£3 10s 2d) 
forms, as has already been stated, the measure of the Crown’s 
claim for the entry of each vassal other than an heir-at-law. 

It is of interest to note that the description of the pro- 
perty in the Ancient Valuation of Alexander III., though 
expressed in terms indicative of money value (the “‘ 
land ’’ of so and so), was likewise a measure of extent. Thus, 
the property of Cowhill Tower represents subjects described 
as “* The Four Pound half merkland of the Maynes of Cow- 
hill and the twa halfe merkland of Over Killilung.’’ Keeping 
in view that a poundland was the equivalent of a merkland 
and a half (the merk being 13s 4d), it will be seen that the 
subjects just referred to extended to a seven merkland and a 
half merkland; and, as a merkland measured 34% Scots acres, 
the result is to bring out as the total extent of these subjects 
260 acres Scots, or their equivalent 325 acres Imperial. This 
latter figure is 90 acres in excess of the estimated present 


merk- 


230 CowHILL ESTATE. 


extent of the property (235 acres), but one has to remember 
that it includes the ground occupied by the Glasgow and 
South-Western Railway and also, as will subsequently be 
shown, part of the Farm of Summerhill (formerly called Over 
Killylung) sold along with Muirside, and parts of the Farm of 
Bellfield (a portion of the Mains of Cowhill) sold on two 
different occasions to the Proprietor of Portrack. 

The Reformation took place in Scotland in 1560, and 
Queen Mary having procured a Resignation in her own favour 
of the temporalities of Holywood Abbey at once gifted them 
to Lord Maxwell of Nithsdale, who appears to have utilised 
them for endowing two collateral branches of his family, one 
of which became subsequently known as Maxwell of Cowhill. 
In response to his request, charters were issued under the 
Great Seal on 15th March, 1566, 18th November, 1580, and 
30th July, 1582, in favour of Robert Maxwell and Elizabeth 
Maxwell of Tinwald his Spouse in conjunct fee conveying to 
them and to their heirs the subjects that formed the original 
Cowhill Estate together with the fishings in the River Nith. 
The earliest of these charters was granted by Queen Mary, 
the two later ones by her son James VI. The property with 
which this branch of the Nithsdale family was endowed re- 
mained in their possession for over 200 years till 1783, when 
it was sold by public roup by Charles Murray Maxwell, who 
married Miss Campbell of Skerrington, and who thereupon 
assumed the name of Campbell. The farm and lands of 
Abbey had been added to the estate prior to 1713, while the 
lands of Nether Killylung, Muircroft, Cardiesland, and Lang- 
myreside had been sold off between 1740 and 1760. 

At the roup on 17th November, 1783, the Cowhill Estate 
as it then existed was purchased on behalf of George John- 
ston, Esq., Merchant, Liverpool, for the sum of £12,050, it 
being previously arranged that the purchaser should forthwith 
resell to Mr Bryce Johnston, then Minister of the Parish of 
Holywood, at the price of 42210, the part thereof embracing 
the lands of Moss-side, Birkhall, Carlingcroft, and Slaethorn- 
croft. The Conveyance therefore that was granted in Mr 
Johnston’s favour embraced only the remainder of the sub- 
jects, and the nett price that he paid was #9840. In virtue of 


CownliL.t ESTATE. 231 


the open Procuratory of Resignation, Mr Johnston, as pur- 
chaser, at once applied to the Crown as his feudal superior 
for a charter in his own favour, and upon this charter, which 
was issued under the Great Seal on 27th March, 1786, infeft- 
ment followed in due course and a complete feudal title was 
established. It may be of interest to note the exact words of 
the Crown Grant in Mr Johnston’s favour. They are in the 
following terms ; 

Praedilecto nostro Georgio Johnston Armigero de Cow- 
hill haeredibusque ejus et assignatis quibus cumque haeredi- 
tarie et irredemabiliter TOTAS et INTEGRAS lie praecinct 
domos et hortos de Holywood cum silva et mercata terra de 
Graystoneflat una mercata terra et demidio mercata terra 
antiqui extentus de Abbey et Graystoneflat vocata Item 
terras de Glengower cum quinque acris quae pertinuerunt ad 
lie Mains de Cowhill Item tres mercatas terrarum de Cowhill 
antiqui extentus Item duas mercatas et demidium mercatam 
terrarum de Over Killylung Item terras de Muirsides vocatas 
in antiquis juribus earundem Tres Muirsides Item demidium 
mercatam terrarum de Hulton vel Holetoun et lie eight 
Hulton acres super ripas de Nith jacentes constituentes 
partem Triginta solidatas terrarum de Holetoun cum turribus 
fortaliciis maneriei locis domibus aedificiis hortis pomariis 
partibus pendiculis et pertinentibus earundem quibus cumque 
cum piscationibus in acqua de Nith inter lie Clouden mouth 
et superiorem partem de Portrack et cum integris partibus 
earundem omnibus jacentibus infra parochiam de Holywood et 
vice comitatum de Dumfries. 

The subjects therefore which Mr Johnston acquired by his 
purchase in 1786 were the following :— 


The detached farm and lands of Abbey. 
The farm and lands of Glengower, including 5 acres that 
originally were part of the Mains of Cowhill. 
The farm and lands of Muirside. 
The farm and lands of Druidpark (then part of Muirside). 
The Mains of Cowhill (exclusive of the 5 acres above referred 
to), comprising 
The 3 merkland of Cowhill of old extent, 


232 CowHiILL ESTATE. 


_ The half merkland of Hulton and the 8 Hulton acres on 
the banks of the Nith. With 
The 30s land of Hulton, 
and the half merkland of Over Killylung. 
With the Fishings in the River Nith. 


‘Mr Johnston died in 1826, and was succeeded by his son 
Captain (afterwards Vice-Admiral) Charles James Johnston. 
In 1849 the Glasgow, Dumfries and Carlisle Railway Co. 
(afterwards the Glasgow and South-Western Railway Com- 
pany) acquired from Admiral Johnston a strip of the Mains of 
Cowhill, extending to 8.0593 Imperial acres at the price of 
#1520 138 6d, and in 1852 there was sold to Mr A. Harley 
Maxwell, the then proprietor of Portrack, for the sum of 
#500 a small portion of the half merkland of Hulton. 

Admiral Johnston died in 1856, and the Trustees acting 
under his Testamentary Settlement exposed his property for 
sale by public roup in the following year. It was purchased 
for 430,540 by Mr William Johnston, of the Bengal Civil 
Service (the Admiral’s son), who forthwith resold the follow- 
ing parts thereof at the prices stated -—-- 


The detached farm and lands of Abbey for ...43500 0 o 
The lands and farm of Muirside, as now owned 
by Mr Graham, having included therein cer- 
tain parts of the lands and farm of Summer-: 
hill, i.e., those parts thereof lying to the 
south-west of the public road, consisting of 
4 enclosures and extending together to 
68.045 Imperial acres, at the price of if) S42 HOmeo 
The lands and farm of Glengower, along with 
certain parts of the lands and farm of Bell- 
field, consisting of two enclosures, now part 
of the Farm of Lower Portrack, which 
extend together to 43.904 Imperial acres, at 
HMS) JOKGS OH aac ae ae a Bes 
And the lands and farm of Druidpark (originally 
part of Muirside) at the price of... 4) 75 OOO 


Ri OO 


£18,877 0 Oo 


CowHILL ESTATE. 235 


The result of these re-sales was to reduce to £11,663 the 
price paid by Mr Johnston for the property of Cowhill Tower 
as it now exists. To this price falls to be added in estimating 
the present value the large sums spent on improvements, and 
in particular the cost of the new Mansion House and Offices. 

Mr Johnston died in 1901, and directed his Testamentary 
Trustees to offer the property at the price of 415,000 to each 
member of his family in the order of seniority. It was ulti- 
mately purchased at that price in 1902 by the present pro- 
prietor, who had married Mr Johnston’s youngest daughter. 

The fishing included in the title have proved a fruitful 
source of contention. They were embraced in the Grant from 
Queen Mary in 1566 in precisely the same terms as those in 
which they appear in the Crown Charter in favour of Mr 
George Johnston issued in 1786, viz. :—‘‘ The fishing's in the 
Water of Nith between the Clouden mouth and the upper 
boundary of Portrack,’’ and, as in both Charters the annwal 
feu duty stipulated for was the converted value of 32 salmon, 
it is clear that a right of salmon fishing (not a right of fishing 
for trout merely) was the subject of the Grant. Unfortu- 
nately, however, charters had likewise passed under the Great 
Seal attaching a right of salmon fishing to the lands of 
Portrack on the one side and to Milnhead lower down the 
stream on the other, and thus arose litigations—first, with 
John Maxwell of Terraughty, the then proprietor of Portrack, 
in 1793, and subsequently in 1877 with the late General John- 
ston of Carnsalloch, as then proprietor of Milnhead. As the 
result of these law suits, the upper boundary of the Cowhill 
Fishings is now defined by an imaginary line drawn from 
the Old House of Cowhill to Foregirth Farm Dwelling-house, 
and is marked by pillars erected on the river bank, while the 
boundary with the Milnhead Fishing was fixed by the Court 
in the law suit of 1877, subject to such adjustments as may 
be rendered necessary from time to time by the shifting 
character of the river bed, 


234 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. 


A List of the Coleoptera of the Solway District. 
Part II. 


By Mr Bertram M‘Gowan. 


IIl.—To THE END OF THE HYDROPHILIDAE. 


The next sub-division of the Coleoptera to be dealt with 
is the Hydradephaga, which are the aquatic representatives 
of the division of carnivorous beetles known as Adephaga. 
They are found everywhere in lochs, ponds, streams, etc. 
These, along with the next division, the Philhydrida, which 
are herbivorous and for the most part aquatic or semi- 
aquatic, have been very well worked up in this district by Mr 
Frank Balfour Browne, one of the recognised authorities on 
the group, and he has very kindly looked over the present 
list and brought it up to date. As I mentioned before, a very 
complete list for the district was published by him in the 
‘““"Annals of Scottish Natural History,’’ April-October, 19009. 
As was done before, the initial letters of the counties (Dum- 
fries, Kirkcudbright, Wigtown) are given to show in which 
counties each species has so far been found to occur. 


Division ADEPHAGA (SuB-Divis1ON HyDRADEPHAGA). 


Famity HALiPLipé. 


Brychius elevatus, Panz. not uncommon in running water, 
rivers Annan, Nith, and Dee. DK 


FAlaliplus obliquus, F. recorded by Lennon from Glenmill 
Burn, but probably this record refers to the next species 
as it may have been washed down by the floods from 
Lochrutton. K. 


HZ. confinis, Steph. fairly common in Lochrutton. kK 


H. flavicollis, Sturm. common in most of our rivers 
and lochs. IDK 


H. fulvus, F. also common and found in similar situations as 
the preceding. K. W. 


A. ruficollis, De G. common all over the district. D. K, W, 


COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DiIstTRICT. 235 


H. nomax, B.B. taken by Balfour Browne at Castle-Douglas 
in 1907. K. 


A. fluviatilis, Aubé. in running water, scarce, rivers Nith 
and Urr, and taken by Lennon in a stream above Moff1t 
Well. K. 


H striatus, Sharp. taken by Lennon and Sharp in small 
pools on salt marshes at Kelton and Caerlaverock, also 
by Lennon at Kirkconnell. D. K. 


Hi. lineatocollis, Marsh. in ponds, etc., common. D. K. W. 


FamiLty DyTISscID&. 


Laccophilus interruptus, Panz. one only taken by Lennon in 
river Nith above Dumfries. 1D 


L. obscurus, Panz. recorded by Lennon from Auchencrieff and 
found in Lochrutton and Carlingwark Loch, also at 
Rockcliffe, but is scarce. Dae 


Bidessus minutissimus, Germ. usually a scarce species, found 
by Balfour Browne among grass lying out on the water 
in rivers Nith and Ken and Water of Luce. Ke W. 


Hyphydrus ovatus, L. in lochs and ponds, Auchencrieff 
(Lennon) also in Clonyard and Carlingwark Lochs, and 
at Ken Bridge. pe Ke 


Coelambus versicolor, Schall, found by Balfour Browne com- 
monly in one spot in the river Dee at Threave Bridge. 


K. 

C. 5-lineatus, Zett. common in Lochrutton, Cullochan, and 
Carlingwark lochs, and at Ken Bridge. Be 

C. inaequalis, F. in lochs and ponds, common. D. K. W. 


C. confluens, F. one only taken by Lennon in Caerlaverock 


salt marsh. 19): 


C. g-lineatus, Steph. local but not uncommon Lochrutton, 
Lochaber, Loch Arthur, White Loch, Loch Ken, River 
Dee at Threave Bridge. K, 


236 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. 


C. impressopunctatus, Schall. not uncommon in Caerlaverock 
salt marsh and at Southwick. DEK 


Deronectes latus, Steph. recorded from Solway by Sharp as 
rare in rapid waters. 


dD. assimilis, Payk. local and usually scarce rivers Lochar, 
Nith, and Cree, Lochrutton, Lochaber, Loch Arthur, 
Clonyard, and Maxwelltown lochs. DKW: 


D. elegans, Pz. (depressus, Brit. Auct.), common in streams 
and rivers. DEK Ne 


D. 12-pustulatus, Ol. not uncommon but usually only in 
autumn rivers Annan, Nith, Cluden, Dee, etc., also in 
Carlingwark Loch. DWE 


D. griscostriatus, De G. several specimens taken by Balfour 
Browne in Polvaird Loch, near Sanquhar, in September, 
LOI 2.2 1B), 


Hydroporus pictus, F. in lochs and ponds, local, but common 
where it occurs. IDB IRS WY. 


H. granularis, L. very local, but fairly common where it 
occurs, Maxwelltown Loch, Rockcliffe, and near Kirk- 
cowan. I Wile 


H. lepidus, Ol. abundant in many large peat holes, other- 
wise generally scarce, Racks Moss, Lochar Moss at 
Bankend, Barclosh Peat Moss, Dalbeattie, Duff’s Loch, 
one only Water of Luce. * DEK We 


H. rivalis, Gyll. common in gravelly streams. D Ke wwe 


H1. septentrionalis, Gyll. common in all the large streams in 
gravelly parts. Dake Wwe 


#1. davisii, Curt. not uncommon in Well Burn, Moffat, also 
recorded by Lennon from near Carsethorn. ID, IK 


H1. lineatus, F. local, but not uncommon in Lochrutton and 
Maxwelltown Loch. Ke 


H. tristis, Payk. common in peat bogs at any altitude. 


Deve 


CoLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DIsTRICT. 237 


H. umbrosus, Gyll. in lochs and ponds fairly common. 
D. K. W. 
H. angustatus, Sturm. scarce, Lochrutton, Dalskairth, 
Castle-Douglas, Dalbeattie, and near Newton-Stewart. 
K. W. 
H. gyllenhalii, Schiod. common, the dominant peat bog 
species up to about 1000 feet altitude. DP Ke WwW: 
H. morio, Dej. Criffel, etc., the dominant peat bog species 
above 1000 feet altitude. K. 
H. vittula, Er. in ponds, ete., fairly common. Dee WwW. 
H. palustris, L. abundant. Do KW. 
. . . . \ . . 
H. incognitus, Sharp. chiefly in large peat holes in some of 
which it swarms. DKW. 
H. erythrocephalus, L. abundant. pare WwW. 
H. rufifrons, Duft. recorded by Lennon from Lochar Moss 
near Sandyknowe, very local, but found not uncommonly 
in a few spots Maxwelltown Loch, Cargen Burn, and 
at Dalbeattie. D. K. 
H. celatus, Clark recorded by Fowler from Thornhill and 
from Criffel by Lennon. DK: 
H. melanarius, Sturm. a peat moss species occurring not 
uncommonly at all altitudes. b, K. 
H.. memnonius, Nic. in ponds, etc., not uncommon. D. K. W. 
H. obscurus, Sturm. a very common peat moss species. 
DD. Rew. 
H. nigrita, F. in ponds, etc., fairly common. D. K. W. 
H. discretus, Fairm. not common Maxwelltown Loch, Kirk- 
connell, Lochfoot, Colvend, Dalbeattie. K. 
H. pubescens, Gyll. abundant. DIES Ww, 
H. planus, F. also abundant. jh a 


238 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. 


H. lituratus, F. common in salt marshes, and occasionally 
on peat mosses. — Dake 


H. ferrugineus, Steph., one taken near Loch Skene by Bal- 
four Browne. D. 


H. obsoletus, Aube. occasionally found in flood refuse at 
Kelton, also taken rarely in Cargen Burn (in flood), on 
Criffel and in Dalbeattie Loch, and found near Loch 
Skene by Balfour Browne in 1go9. Dike 


Agabus guttatus, Payk. probably common on high ground 
throughout the district in clear burns, Criffel, Bengairn, 
and Screel, and in Cluden near Old Bridge. “Dake 


A. biguttatus, Ol. taken by Lennon in the district and a single 
specimen by me in river Cluden near the Old Bridge. 
D. or K. 


A. paludosus, F. local, and usually scarce, Lochar Moss, 
Maxwelltown Loch, Lochfoot, Colvend. D. K. 


A. uliginosus, L. one specimen in Dublin Museum in Pro- 
fessor M‘Nab’s collection labelled ‘‘ Tinwald Downs,”’ 
and taken in some numbers on Preston Merse by Balfour 
Browne. DAK 


A. affinis, Payk. fairly common but localised so that it may 
occur in only two or three pools on a large peat moss, 
and in those pools it will be common. DK Wwe 


A. unguicularis, Thoms. Maxwelltown Loch and three other 
spots in the Stewartry, fairly common. K. 


A. congener, Payk. not common but widely distributed, peat 
mosses at quite low altitudes and in company with 
affinis. DD. K] Wwe 


A. nebulosus, Forst. a ‘‘ pond’’ species, but occasionally 
found in peat moss holes, even at high altitudes, e.g., 
Criffel top. Also common in salt marshes, giving place 
in more brackish pools to the next species. K. W. 


A. conspersus, Marsh. common in Caerlaverock and Kirk- 
connell salt marsh and Preston Merse. Deke 


COLEOPTERA OF THE SoOLWAy District. 239 


A. femoralis, Payk. rare, only found in one pond near Moffat 
Well by Lennon and in one pond at Rockcliffe by 
Balfour Browne. ae 


A. arcticus, Payk. a mountain species, one specimen taken 
near Moffat by Lennon, and found in 1909 commonly in 
Loch Skene by Balfour Browne, and one found by him 
on the side of the Rhinns of Kells, 700’ feet up. =D. K. 


A. sturmii, Gyll. fairly common but somewhat local. 

D. K, W. 
A. chalconotus, Panz. on peat mosses fairly common. 

D. K. W. 
A. bipustulatus, L. common and general. Dok: W. 


Platambus maculatus, L. common in running water.  D. K. 


P. maculatus ab. inaequalis Panz. (=immaculatus, Donn.) 
found in rivers Nith and Urr. K. 


Ilybius fuliginosus, ¥. common in ponds, ete. DD. ik W. 


I. fenestratus, F. fairly common in Carlingwark Loch, and 
one specimen taken in Lotus Loch by Balfour Browne. 
K. 


Z. ater, De G. not uncommon, Gore Moss, Lochrutton, Max- 
welltown Loch, Cullochan Loch, ete. De K 


Z. aenescens, Thoms. fairly common in peat mosses. 


Dik: W. 


Copelatus agilis, F. one specimen in Dublin Museum in 
Professor M‘Nab’s collection labelled ‘‘ Queensberry 
Hill.”’ DD 


Rhantus exoletus, Forst. common where it occurs, Maxwell- 
town Loch, Lochaber, Lochrutton, Cullochan Loch, ete. 

K. 

R. pulverosus, Steph. one specimen taken by Balfour Browne 
on Preston Merse. K. 


R. bistriatus, Berg. moderately common, chiefly on _ peat 
mosses, less commonly in ponds. DD ii We 


240, COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. 


Colymbetes fuscus, L. not uncommon, Gore Moss, Maxwell- 
town Loch, Cullochan Loch, New Barean Loch, Preston 


Merse, Rockcliffe, etc. Dike We 
Dytiscus punctulatus, F. not uncommon in lochs and ponds. 
Di KX 

D. marginalis, L. also not uncommon. IDS AY 


Acilius sulcatus, L. in large deep peat holes where there is 
no weed, also in large deep quarry holes, not uncommon. 
DUK Awe 


A. fasciatus, De G. Racks Moss and Lochar Moss at Bank- 
end, in large deep peat holes in company with sulcatus, 
common where it occurs but decidedly local; Lochrutton 


single specimens only by Balfour Browne and myself. 
Dak 


The next family are the Gyrinidz, or Whirligig Beetles, 
which are commonly seen spinning in circles on the surface 
of the water of our lochs and ponds. Our species of 
Orectochilus comes out at night and conceals itself during the 
day time under stones on the banks of rivers, etc. 


Famity GYRINID-. 


Gyrinus minutus, ¥. Lochrutton, Lochaber, Loch Chesney. 


K. W. 

G. elongatus, Aub. Maxwelltown Loch (Lennon), Cullochan 
Loch. K. 

G. natator, Scop. common and general. Dee 


G. suffriani, Scrib. taken by Lennon in Maxwelltown Loch. 
Ke 


G. opacus, Sahl. Clonyard Loch, River Cree. Ke We 


Orectochilus villosus, Mull. Lochar, Nith, Cluden, Kirk- 
gunzeon Burn, Loch Ken, Corsemailzie. IDL IK. WY 


We now come to the Philhydrida before referred to. 
They are sometimes called Palpicornia from the great deve- 
lopment of the maxillary palpi, which are often much longer 


COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DistrRICcrY. 2-41 


than the antennae. Most of the species are very sluggish 
and are found on the borders of ponds, ete., or attached to 
stones or logs in streams. The genera Sphaeridium, 
Cercyon, etc., are found almost exclusively in dung or vege- 
table refuse, and are essentially land insects, while the re- 
mainder of the family are found in or in the neighbourhood 
of water. 


Famity HyDROPHILIDA. 


Hydrobius fuscipes, L. common in ponds and on salt marshes, 
absent or almost so from peat mosses. D. K. 


Hydrobius fuscipes v picicrus, Thoms. the form almost invari- 
ably found on peat mosses where it is fairly common. 
. D. K. W. 


Philydrus maritimus, Thoms. a single specimen recorded from 
Corsemalzie by Gordon. W. 


P. melanocephalus, Brit.:Auct. (fuscipennis, Thoms.), common 
on peat mosses. Dp. Ky W. 


P. wigricans, Zett. not common, almost if not entirely con- 
fined to peaty ground in this district. DE: 


P. minutus, F. common on peat mosses. DR WwW: 


P. coarctatus, Gredl. fairly common but local, more common 
in ponds than on peaty ground. K. W. 


Anacaena globulus, Payk. common and general. D. K. W. 


A. limbata, F. not common, Lochar Moss, Maxwelltown 


Loch, Rockcliffe, near Lochfoot, near Newton-Stewart. 
D. K. W. 


Helochares punctatus, Sharp. scarce, Lochar Moss, Kirk- 
connell Moss, Rockcliffe, Corsemalzie. D. K. W. 


Laccobius ytenensis, Sharp, not common Colvend, Rockcliffe, 


River Ken, Kells. K. 
L. nigriceps, Thoms. not common, New Barean Loch, Col- 
vend, Nith, Urr. ice 


L. alutaceus, Thoms. fairly common. K. 


249 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY Di sTRICT. 


L. minutus, L. also fairly common. * WK ONE 


L. bipunctatus, ¥. one example taken by Balfour Browne in 
Maxwelltown Loch and one in another pond in the 
Stewartry. KG 


Berosus signaticolis, Charp. taken occasionally by Lennon in 
small numbers in Caerlaverock salt marsh (recorded as 
B. spinosus, Stev.). D. 
B. luridus, L. recorded by Murray from Dumfriesshire on 
the authority of the Rev. William Little. ID). 


Limnebius truncatellus, Thoms. common and general. 


ID WY 


Chaetarthria seminulum, Herbst. taken by Sharp and Lennon 
in the district, and by Balfour Browne at Rockcliffe. 
Deke 


Helophorus tuberculatus, Gyll. two specimens (one at Kelton 
in flood refuse), taken by Lennon. 1D: 


H. porculus, Bed. taken by Lennon in Kelton and Caer- 
laverock salt marshes. iDY 


H. nubilus, F. taken by Lennon in same localities as pre- 


ceding, and by Gordon at Corsemalzie. DEW 
H. aquaticus, L. common and general, v. aequalis, also pro- 
bably common. Dak 
H. viridicollis, Steph. (aeneipennis, Thoms.), common and 
general. D. K. 
H. Mulsanti, Rye, common in brackish pools at Kelton and 
Preston Merse. Delke 
H. brevipalpis, Bed. common and general. D. Ke wWe 


H. arvernicus, Muls. River Lochar and Cargen Burn. D. K. 


Hydrochus brevis, Herbst. taken not uncommonly by Lennon 
in marshy parts of Maxwelltown Loch. . Ke 


HA. angustatus, Germ. one only taken by Lennon at head of 
Maxwelltown Loch. Ke 


COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DISTRICT. 243 


Henicocerus exsculptus, Germ. not common, rivers Nith, Ken, 
Cairn, and Cargen Burn. K. 


Octhebius marinus, Payk. Kelton and Caerlaverock salt 
marshes and Preston Merse. DK. 


O. pygmacus, F. scarce, Dalbeattie, Castle-Douglas. K. 


O. bicolon, Germ. not common, at Kelton and mouth of 
Lochar, and taken by Balfour Browne at Rockcliffe. 
ly PAR oe 


O. rufimarginatus, Steph. one specimen taken by Balfour 
Browne in Cargen Burn, and one taken by M‘Nab in 
river Cairn in April, 1868, specimen in Dublin Museum. 

Dyke 


O. auriculatus, Rey. not common at Kelton and Southwick. 
1D: K. 


O. lejolisii, Rey. and Muls. taken commonly at Douglas Hall 
in small rock pools by Balfour Browne. K. 


Hydraena testacea, Curt. taken rarely by Sharp and Lennon 
in river Cairn near Irongray. D. 


H. riparia, Kug. common in grassy ponds and grassy edges 
of rivers. Do Ko W. 


H. britteni, Joy. taken by Balfour Browne very commonly on 
some flooded meadow land near Cargen Burn in March, 
1907, and one specimen taken by him in river Cree. 

K. W. 

H. angustata, Sturm, recorded by Sharp as rare in Solway, 
but AH. longior, Rey., is probably the species intended 
as there is one example in the Dublin Museum taken by 
M‘Nab in Glenmill Burn in May, 1869. K. 


H. gracilis, Germ. common in most small streams. K. 


H. atricapilla, Wat. taken by Lennon in river Cluden near 
Lincluden, also found by Baifour Browne. K. 


H. pulchella, Germ. not uncommon, river Nith amongsst grass 
in the water on Maxwelltown side, also taken in Cargen 


244 COLEOPTERA OF THE SOLWAY DiIsTRICT. 


Burn by Lennon and M‘Nab, and under stones on both 
sides of the Cairn near Hawhill. D. K. 


Cyclonotum orbiculare, F. common in flood refuse from Nith 
and Cairn, and taken at Maxwelltown Loch. Deke 


Sphaeridium scarabaeoides, L. common in cow dung. 
DS Kee 


S. bipustulatum v. marginatum, F. also common. DKS 


Cercyon littoralis, Gyll. a maritime species common on the 


coast under decaying seaweed. Dake 
C. haemorrhous, Gyll, local, under rubbish, ete. Ks 
C. haemorrhoidalis, F. common in dung. DSK 


C. obsoletus, ,Gyll. local and scarce, in dung and rubbish 


heaps. D. 
C. flavipes, F. common in dung, ete: DRS 
C. lateralis, Marsh. also not uncommon. 1D 
C. melanocelphalus, L. very common in dung. Dek 
C. unipunctatus, L. also common and general. DEKE We 
C. quisquilius, L. also common and general. D. K. W. 


C. nigriceps, Marsh. not common in dung, etc. KE 
C. pygmaeus, Il. common in dung and flood refuse. D. K. 
C 


analis, Pk. moderately common in dung and flood refuse. 


Dake 
C. minutus, F. occasional in dung and flood refuse. D. 


Megasternum boletophagum, Marsh. in decaying vegetable 
matter, rotting fungi, etc., common. Dake 


Cryptopleurum atomarium, Ol. in similar situations, also 
common. E Dk 


245 


FIELD MEETINGS. 


dist May, 1913. 


Leadhills and Enterkin Pass. 


A party, to the number of twenty, spent a most enjoy- 
able day in the passes through the Lowthers at the north of 
Dumfriesshire. A start was made shortly after eight o'clock 
in the morning, the company motoring up Nithsdale to the 
Mennock Pass. The day was one of bright sunshine, the 
warmth of the sun being tempered by a grateful breeze; and 
the valley of the Nith clad in the fresh foliage of early 
summer, was rich in beauty. The run to Mennock village 
was made at a good pace, and the six steep miles from there 
up the Mennock Pass to Wanlockhead and Leadhills were 
covered at a comfortable rate, which gave ample time for 
the enjoyment of the splendid hill scenery amid which the 
road winds. 

The wild and striking beauty of the Mennock Pass has 
often been described, and always with a note of admiration. 
Clerical travellers, and among them Dean Stanley, have 
discovered that it resembles certain parts of Palestine, the 
features of the scenery when journeying near Jerusalem 
having brought to their recollection this road among the 
Lowthers, where the mountains by which it is surrounded 
give a favourable idea of the hills of Judea. ‘‘ There is,”’ 
adds one writer when speaking of the district, ‘‘ one re- 
markable point of difference. In Scotland the traveller 
passes through an excellent road, among an honest and 
industrious population, where the conversation of the 
commonest will often delight and surprise the man of letters. 
Among the hills of Palestine the road is almost impassable, 
and he finds himself among a set of infamous and ignorant 
thieves, who would cut his throat for a farthing and rob him 
of his property for the mere pleasure of doing it,’’ The late 


246 FIELD MEETINGS. 


James Shaw, the Tynron schoolmaster, aptly describes the 
pass itself in a few sentences. ‘‘ Departing from the Nith,”’ 
he says, ‘‘ at a sharp angle at Mennock, we began slowly to 
wind up an excellently macadamised road, at every turn of 
which the glen became more contracted, the trees scarcer, the 
hills higher, the stream narrower and fiercer, and the vegeta- 
tion more Alpine. Dark mists, dark heath, dark-winged 
butterflies, grey whinstone, and blackfaced sheep were for 
ever turning up; while sometimes, far below us on the solitary 
road, the thin wail of the much-diminished stream continued 
to be heard. The hills were now fast becoming mountain 
masses, on the right dark with heath, on the left verdant with 
the freshest grass. These mountains were variegated with 
the parallel tracks of sheep, or seamed from top to bottom 
with the dry, stony beds of winter torrents.’’ On Saturday, 
however, dark mists such as are referred to by Shaw were 
absent, the pass appearing in its most delightful summer 
aspect, having overhead a blue sky flecked with white clouds, 
from which came delicate grey shadows which chased each 
other over the sunlit hillsides. 

On reaching Wanlockhead the party gladly availed 
themselves of the opportunity to pause for a few minutes to 
look round on the singularly picturesque little mining village, 
the houses of which have of necessity been arranged in rows 
on the hillsides to face every possible point of the compass. 
Wanlockhead, which is about fourteen hundred feet above 
the sea-level, contains the highest house in Scotland, and 
was the birthplace of Dr William Hastie, Professor of 
Divinity in Glasgow University, who died in 1903, and was 
buried in its churchyard; and of Mr Robert Reid, the poet, 
who has made the whole district vocal with his song. The 
lead mines, which give employment to most of the men of the 
village, are the property of the Duke of Buccleuch, and were 
opened about the year 1680 by Sir James Stampfield. About 
two hundred and fifty men are now employed in the mines, 
and in addition to lead, silver is obtained. At one time 
gold was found in large quantities, a circumstance which 
earned for the district the name of ‘‘ God’s treasure-house in 
Scotland.’’ One feature of the village has always been re- 


- 


FIELD MEETINGS. 247 


marked on by observant visitors, and that is the absence of 
hens, as it is said that hens cannot live there through picking 
lead. ‘* Lead-producing, hen-poisoning Wanlockhead ’’ is 
James Shaw’s facetious way of referring to the place; but the 
visitors of Saturday can testify to there being at least one 
man in the village whose hopes and whose hens were not yet 
dead, as they observed him feeding a lively collection of the 
fowls in a carefully enclosed run. The peculiar appearance 
of Wanlockhead and its chilly position on the roof of the 
county, have been happily described by Mr Robert Reid in 
his charming poem, ‘‘ Wanlock ’’— 


Did ye ever hear tell o’ a lanely wee toon, 

Far hid amang hills 0’ the heather sae broon, 
Wi’ its hooses reel-rall, keekin’ oot at ilk turn, 
Like an ill-cuisten crap in the howe o’ the burn; 
Ane here and ane there, wi’ a fit road atween, 
In the daftest construction that ever was seen? 


O there the cauld winter first comes wi’ his snaw, 

And he likes it sae weel that he’s laith tae gae ’wa; 

For there’s three months o’ bluster tae ilk ane o’ sun, 
And the dour nippin’ cranreuch’s maist aye on the grun’: 
Ay, whyles the corn’s green in the lallans, they say, 

Or the hinmaist snaw-wreath dwines awa’ on the brae. 


Proceeding to Leadhills, the party had lunch at the Hope- 
toun Arms. Previous to lunch, however, a visit was paid 
to one of the departments of the Marquis of Linlithgow’s 
lead mines, half-an-hour being available before the works 
closed for the day. The department visited was that in which 
the galena is crushed and the impurities removed from it by 
washing, and the processes were viewed with much interest 
by the visitors, several of whom brought away a few grains 
of the metal as a memento. Dr John Brown, writing in 
1865, in his well-known essay, ‘‘ The Enterkin,’’ describes 


ce 


Leadhills as ‘‘ a dreary, unexpected little town,’’ but goes 
on to say, ‘‘ The people are thoughtful and solid, great 
readers and church-goers. They have a capital library. 
Like all natives of such forlorn, out-of-the-world places, they 
cannot understand how anyone can be happy anywhere else; 
and when one of them leaves the wild, unlovely place, they 


accompany him with wondering pity to the outskirts of their 


248 FIELD MEETINGS. 


paradise, and never cease to implore and expect his return ; 
for good.’’ In Scottish literary history Leadhills occupies © 
a place of importance, as it was the birthplace of Allan 
Ramsay, the poet, whose father was manager in the mines 
and was descended from a Laird of Cockpen who was a 
brother of Lord Dalhousie. The library which the village 
contains is said to have been founded by Allan Ramsay ; 
though a Mr Stirling, who was an overseer in the mines, and 
a noted mathematician, has also been credited with its 
foundation. In the village is a monument to the memory of 
William Symington, one of the inventors of steam naviga- 
tion, and who, as is well known, came from these parts to 
lend his skill and his ingenuity to the production of the 
steamboat, the first vessel of the kind, which Patrick Miller 
launched on Dalswinton Loch. The churchyard at Lead- 
hills contains a tombstone on which it is recorded that there 
is buried beneath ‘‘ John Taylor, who died in this place at 
the remarkable age of 137 years.’’ Taylor was a native of 
Cumberland, and worked for many years in the mines at 
Leadhills. The age ascribed to him on the tombstone seems 
to be an exaggeration, though only a slight one, as it appears 
to be undeniable that at the time of his death he was a 
hundred and thirty-three. One story that is related of him 
tells how when he was a hundred and sixteen years of age he 
went over the hills to fish, but was unexpectedly caught in a 
snowstorm and gave himself up for lost. ‘‘ But he stuck 
his fishing rod upright in the snow,” says the narrator of the 


ce 


incident, ““ and made another struggle for his life, to a place 
where he was found. When he had recovered he went back, 
plucked his rod out of the snow, and returned to begin his 
new lease of seventeen years of life.’’ 

At Leadhills the party was divided into two portions, 
one of which proceeded on foot in the direction of the 
Enterkin, the other going by motor to Elvanfoot, and from 
there down the Dalveen Pass. The walking party followed 
the moorland path which was taken by the genial and kindly 
author of ** Rab and his Friends ’’ fifty years ago, and as 
the atmosphere was beautifully clear, they had, as they 
advanced towards the entrance to the Pass, a marvellously 


FreLtD MEETINGS. 249 


_ extensive view of the green Lowthers, which spread around 
them in every direction ‘‘ like round-backed, lazy billows in 
the after-swell of a storm, as if tumbling about in their 
sleep,’’ and of the far distant hills of other districts to the 
north and south of them. It is with the sentiments of an 
exiled native and of a poet that ‘‘ Rob Wanlock’’ has 
written of this wonderful view from above the Enterkin :— 


Oh, bonnily there on the muirlan’ heicht 
The sun looks doon, 
And bauldly up i’ the warm sunlicht 
Ilk hauds his croon: 
Lowther and Steygyle, Auchenlone-- 
Daintiest hill that the licht looks on: 
(Aft hae I spiel’d its benty side 
Wi’ freens noo sinder’d far and wide), 
While bonnily owre baith burn and brae 
The sklentin’ shadows o’ e’enin’ play, 
And syne hap a’ at the close o’ day; 
Oh, surely the weird, uncanny skill 
O’ elfin wand 
Ne’er cuist mair glamour on howe and hill 
In fairy-land ! 


Dr John Brown's description of the Enterkin has become 
famous, but it is always worth repeating, as no prose descrip- 
tion could be more adequate, except that he places the hills 
on the wrong sides of the glen for one travelling down the 
Pass. ““We are now,’’ he says, ‘‘ nearing the famous 
Enterkin Pass; a few steps and you are on its edge, looking 
down giddy and amazed into its sudden and immense depths. 
We have seen many of our most remarkable glens and 
mountain gorges—Glencroe and Glencoe; Glen Nevis, the 
noblest of them all; the Sma’ Glen, Wordsworth’s Glen 
Almain (Glenalmond), where Ossian sleeps; the lower part of 
Glen Lyon, and many others of all kinds of sublimity and 
beauty; but we know nothing more noticeable, more unlike 
any other place, more impressive, than this short, deep, 
narrow, and sudden glen. There is only room for its own 
stream at its bottom, and the sides rise in one smooth and 
all but perpendicular ascent to the height, on the left, of 1895 
feet, Thirstane Hill, and on the right, of 1875, the exquisitely 
moulded Stey Gail, or Steep Gable—so steep that it is no 


250 Fietp MEETINGS. 


easy matter keeping your feet, and if you slip you might just 
as well go over a bona-fide mural precipice.’’ Defoe, in his 
account of his Zour in Scotland, has also described the glen 
in a passage in which he uses many lurid adjectives regard- 
ing the ‘‘ horrible ’’ and ‘‘ terrifying ’’ nature of the preci- 
pices and ‘‘ casms.’’ In Covenanting times the Pass was 
the scene of several rescues on the part of the Covenanters of 
prisoners from the hands of the dragoons, and at least one 
of these rescues has become famous in the history of the 
period. In July or August, 1684, according to Wodrow’s 
narrative, on which all the subsequent accounts of the 
incident are based, a number of prisoners from Nithsdale and 
Galloway were being carried to Edinburgh under an escort 
_of twenty-eight soldiers, the prisoners tied two and two 
together upon horses. Two brothers, James and Thomas 
Harkness, farmers at Lockerben, in Nithsdale, planned a 
rescue of the prisoners, and gathering between thirty and 
forty men together, they waited under cover in the Enterkin 
Pass, along the steep side of which the dragoons and their 
charges were obliged to travel. Presently the cavalcade was 
seen coming slowly up the Pass in single file, owing to the 
narrowness of the path, and it is said that as they approached 
the Covenanters the leader, Captain Kelte, was singing a 
popular song which was particularly offensive to the Cove- 
nanters, whereupon James M‘Michael, the famous “‘ Black 
M‘Michael,’’ who killed the curate of Carsphairn, and 
brother of Daniel, who was killed in Dalveen, deliberately 
fired at the officer, shooting him through the head, his body 
falling over into a ravine which still bears his name. The 
dragoons were routed, and all the prisoners were set at 
liberty except one, who afterwards died in prison in Edin- 
burgh as the result of a neglected wound in his arm. 
Another of the prisoners had the misfortune to be caught 
again by the soldiers, who shot him in the face with small 
lead, with the result that he became blind for life. The 
rescue was followed by an inquisition throughout the whole 
of the parishes in the vicinity of the Enterkin, lasting for six 
weeks, so that, as Wodrow says, “‘ it brought much trouble 
to Nithsdale.’’ Half-way down the Enterkin is a delightfully 


FieLtp MEETINGs. 251 


clear cool spring of water named Kirsty’s or Katie’s Well, at 
which the antiquaries on Saturday refreshed themselves, and 
about which Mr Robert Reid has written in his charming 
way, seizing the true sentiment of the place. 

A short distance from the foot of the Pass the party 
crossed the side of the hill by a path leading to Nether 
Dalveen farm, where the rest of the party was to be joined, 
visiting on the way the monument to the memory of Daniel 
M'‘ Michael, which stands on the hillside facing the Dalveen 
Pass at the place where he was shot, in a particularly callous 
manner, in the year following the rescue in the Enterkin. 
The monument was erected in 1836, but the tablet on the 
front of it which bears the inscription was renewed about 
thirty years ago by a former minister of the church at Scaur- 
bridge. Daniel M‘Michael lies buried in the churchyard at 
Durisdeer. 

Those of the members who did not walk down the 
Enterkin had an hour to spend in Leadhills, and advantage 
was taken of the opportunity to examine a few of the 
minerals found a short time ago in a new opening or drive 
into the same ridge as the old Susanna mine, which was so 
rich in rarities when worked. They comprised, among 
others, the two rare lead sulphates, Leadhillite and what was 
thought to be Lanarkite, which is the rarest of the minerals 
occurring at Leadhills. Very good specimens were found 
of Caledonite and Linarite, which are the sulphates of lead 
and copper, and have very fine coloured crystals. They had 
also been found in the mine, Leadhills Dod, associated with 
chrysocolla and malachite. A very fine specimen of native 
gold was also exhibited which had been found in a stream at 
the bottom of the village. Another hour could have been 
spent very profitably by the party among the minerals, but 
as sixteen miles lay between them and the point where they 
were to meet the walking party, a start had to be made. 
The two parties met in the vicinity of Durisdeer, a locality 
to which Burns has added a charming interest by making: it 
the scene of his song ‘‘ Last May a braw wooer,’’ and an 
exceedingly pleasant run was made by way of Thornhill to 
Dumfries, which was reached shortly after six o’clock. 


252 


PRESENTATIONS. 


17th October, 1913.—Mr A. O. Curle—Specimens of Vitrifaction 
from Mote of Mark, Colvend, Castle Gower Fort, Edgarton 
Mote, Kirkcudbrightshire, and Mullach Fort, Dumfriesshire. 

Mr Robert Gladstone, Jun.—Some Account of The Glen- 
riddell MSS. of Burns’s Poems, ed. by Henry A. Bright, 
Liverpool, 1874. 

Mr J. Robison, Kirkcudbright—Engraving of Caerlaverock 
Castle by William Daniell, 1816. 

14th November, 1913.—Dr J. W. Martin, Newbridge—A Stone 
Axe, 4 inches lon by 2} inches broad, found at East Preston, 
Kirkbean, by Alexander Murray, in November, 1911. 

28th November, 1913.—Mr G. F. Scott Elliot, on behalf of Dr 
Hauser, a collection of 55 Stone Implements, comprising flint 
scrapers, borers, etc.—16 examples of the Magdalenian period 
from Lonqueroche (Station 45); 16 examples of Solutréan 
industry from L’angerie intermediare (Station 14), Dordogne ; 
5 examples of La Micognian industry from La Micogne 
(Station 1); 4 examples of Aucheulean industry from the Lower 
Grotto of the Moustier (Station 44), Dorgogne; 5 examples of 
Moustierian industry from the Terrace at Le Moustier (Station 
43); 15 examples of Aurignacian industry from Sergeac, 
Dordogne (Station 52). 

Mr G. F. Scott Elliot—Bones of Cave Bear from Rock- 
shelter, Ardennes; Contemporary with the Moustierian Period. 

Mr M. H. M‘Kerrow—Minute Book of the Incorporated 
Trade of Squaremen in Dumfries from 14th December, 1821, 
to 14th September, 1848. 

R. C. Reid, Esq.—Copies of the Oath of Aliegiance (3 
vellum rolls), Oath of Abjuration (4 vellum rolls), and Oath of 
Assurance (4 vellum rolls). These are all dated 30th April, 
1818, and are signed by the county gentlemen and others in 
Dumfriesshire. 

Plan of Part of the Estate of Middlebie, the property of 
George Clerk, Esq., comprising Darglaw Hill, Scott’s Brigg, 
Stony Beck, Potstoun, Walls, Peat Know and Common. Sur- 
veyed, March, 1776, by J. A. Wells. ; 

Plan of Cress-well, in the Parish of Dumfries, belonging to 
R. Jardine, Esq. Surveyed, December, 1809, by James 
Jardine. 

South-Western Section of Map, entituled ‘‘ General View 
of the Mineralogy, or Internal Structure of Dumfriesshire, 
prepared for the County Map,’’ by Brigt General Dirom, of 
Mount Annan. Gives also Sections of Susanna Vein of Lead 
at Leadhills, of Louisa Vein of Antimony at Glendinning, near 
Langholm, of Borings for Coal at Aiket Muir, near Comlongon, 


PRESENTATIONS. 2538 


in 1794, at Repentance Hill, near Hoddom Castle, in 1791, at 
Linnbridge Ford, near Kirkleton, in 1793-5, and at Canonby, 
near Langholm, in 1792; and a description of the district. 

Royal Historical Society. Transactions, N.S., XVI.-XX., 
1902-6. 

Pollen, J. H., Ancient and Modern Furniture and Wood- 
work (South Kensington Museum Art Hand-Books). 

Fortnum, C. D. E., Maiolica (South Kensington Museum 
Art Hand-Books). 

Archeological Journal, Nos. 252-6, 258-61, 1906-9. 

British Archeological Association. Collectanea Archzo- 
logica, Vols. 1 and 2 [include Itineraries of Edward I. and 
Edward Ii., by C. H. Hartshorne]. 

Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, 6th Report, 
Parts 1 and 2 [includes MSS. of the local families of 
Menzies of Enoch and Carruthers of Holmains]. 

Anonymous—Two Documents (1) Disposition by Archibald 
Stewart, merchant burgess of Drumfreis, of nine roods of land 
in the territory of the said burgh in the part thereof called the 
Marchhill, bounded by the lands of Nonholme on the north, the 
lands of wmqll Harbert Dicksone on the east, the lands of 
James Young on the south, and the King’s hie streit on the 
west; also nine roods of land lying in that part called the 
Gallacloiss between the lands of James Young on the west, the 
King’s hie streit on the south, the lands of wmqle John 
Ranyning lait provist on the east, and the lands of wmqll John 
Maxwell messenger on the north; also the barne and yaird with- 
out the Lochmabine gaite betwixt the barn and yard pertain- 
ing to Robert Beatie on the west, the King’s hie streit on the 
north, the barne pertaining to Robert Grahame lait provist 
on the east, and the lands of wmqll Cristane Morisone on the 
south in favour of Thomas M‘Kitrick merchant burgess in fee 
and Barbara M‘Call his spouse in liferent. Witnesses, John 
Maxwell, writer in Dumfries, and William Irving, merchant 
burgess of Dumfries. 22nd May, 1678. (2) Instrument of 
Sasine proceeding on above. John Richardson, elder, acting 
as procurator for Archibald Stewart, by the hands of David 
Bishope, one of the bailies of Dumfries. Witnesses, William 
Irving, younger, merchant in Dumfries, John M‘Burnie, 
workman, there, James Ker son to William Ker, weaver, there, 
and William Douglas, burgh officer. Notary William Mak- 
george, clerk of the diocese of Glasgow, clerk depute of the 
Burgh of Dumfries. 24th May, 1678. Indorsation—Agnes 
M‘Kitrick cognosed as one of the four heirs portioners to 
Thomas M‘Kitrick, her uncle, 25th Feb., 1721. Witnesses, 
Geo. Gordon, Geo. Bell, and Alexander Gordon. 

Mr James Muir, Chorlton-cum-Hardy—Engraving of Tom 
Faed by James Faed. One of a few copies taken from the 
plate purchased from Mark Faed and otherwise unpublished. 


254 


EXHIBITS. 


12th December, 1913.—The Secretary, on behalf of Sir William and 
Lady Maxwell of Cardoness—Three examples of the National 
League and Covenant of 1638. The most important of these 
is described on pp. 111-115. The other two are of the more 
familiar type, being hand written, the one on vellum, measur- 
ing 26% by 28 inches, the other on a roll of paper of four sheets, 
each 14 by 12 inches, a fifth sheet being missing. The signa- 
tures, about 50 of which are holograph in both examples, almost 
duplicate each other. They number, on the vellum copy, 355 
names and on the paper copy 277, and are as follows :— 
Vellum copy—Holograph signatures—Mr William Maxwell, 
minister at Minigoff; Arthore Dunbar off machermior; J. 
Dunbar; Alexr. Stewart; Patrik M‘Kie, baillzie of Monygof ; 
James Stewart, belze of Mongyf; Alexander Roxburghe; Johne 
Mequharg; W. Hunter, notar; Johne Murdoch; Johne Sloane; 
Johne Steuart; Thomas Mequharg; Thomas ; Johne 
Mequecheine; Johne M‘Knaght; Johne Mctco——; M. H. 
Charteris; Andro Heroune in Kirouchtrie; Johne Maxwell; 
James M‘Millane; James Steuart; Patrick Douglas; John 
Mé illoch ; Johne Mequhonnell; robert M‘Kie; John M‘Millane; 
William Mcgowne, —— ; Johne Hamiltone ; Thomas Mcquhonel ; 
—— Stewart of ffisgill; Alext Stewart; Johne Stewart; Johne 
Mequharg; Patrik Herrovn; George Bell; Johne M‘Millane; 
John Cunynghame; John Mc¢clymount; Thomas M‘Kean; 
Archibald Makclauie; Patrik Thomsoune; Patrik M¢cauell; 
James Muir; Johne Mecord; Alexander Gray; James Gray. 
Paper copy—‘‘ Wryttene be Patrick Garroch, wryter in 
Wigtoune.’”? Holograph signatures—Mr William Maxwell, 
minister at Minigoff; Sr P. M‘Kie off Larg; Alexr. Stewart; 
J. Dunbar; Alext Steuart; Andro Gray; Arthore Dunbar off 
Machermuir; Patrik Heron of Kirrouchrie; Johne Stewart; 
Pe—— M¢quharg; Johne Cunyghame; Patrik M‘Kie, baillzie 
of Monygoff; William Dunbar; Andro heroune in Kirouchtrie ; 
Williiame Mcgowne; John Finlaysoune; James M‘Millne; 
Alexander Roxburgh; John M‘Millane; Thomas M‘Kean; 
David Mcculloch; Johne M¢gauchein; Patrik M‘Kie; James 
Steuart; John Murdoch; Johne Maxwell; Johne M‘Millane; 
Robert M‘Kie; John M‘Knocht; Patrik Douglas; Archibald 
M‘Clauie; Johne M‘Millane; Johne Sloane; John’ M‘Cord; 
John M‘Cord; James Muire; Patrick M‘Cawell; Robert 
M‘Cawell; Johne hamiltoun; W. Hunter; Johne M‘Quharg; 
Johne Mcquharg; Johne M‘Millane; John Mcquhonnell; John 
Steuart; Johne Roxburght; John M‘Cornock; George Bell; 


EXHIBITS. 25: 


Thomas Reid; Patrik Thomsoune; Gilbert m¢ellwer; Alexr. 
gray; James Gray. 

Paper and vellum—We, Jon Mceclymount and Jon Gordoune 
in Kirrirdoche, Johne Megowne in Kirrimore; George Gor- 
doune in Kirriekenene, Johne M¢clymont, ther; Thomas 
Mccully and Jon M¢taggirt in Polgoune; Jon M¢equhardg in 
Kirricastell; Mairteine M¢cilroy and Patrick Thomson in Kill- 
kerow; Doncane, Andro and Jon M¢equhardges in Strone; 
Andro M‘Millane in archkonchene; Thomas, Jon, W™. and 
Adam gordounes in Inchbuchaine; Andro and Quinteine 
findlaysounes in Kiriachtrie; Gilbert, Alext and Anthonie 
M‘Caads in Trostane; Alexr. and findlay Mcequhardges 
in Auruch, Jon aird, ther; George M‘Millane, Jon 
M‘Kie; Jon Méquhennell in Clechmallock; Thomas MelIlroy 
and Alext Mequhennell in Glencaird; Patrik M‘Kie, 
Andro Mequhennell, Patrik M¢taggirt in Largforag; Jon 
Megill and Andro M¢gowne in merkcove; Gilbert and Thos 
Cairdes and James Herroune in Drumjohane; Jon M‘Millane, 
and Jon M‘Teir in Landboy; Jon and george M¢clurges in 
Carndirrie; Alext Douglas in Dalnaw; Jon M¢dowell in glen- 
gruboch; Archibald Heirreane and Jon Mé¢canise ther; Jon 
and patrick M‘Kies, patrick and James M¢coires in bargre- 
nane; James Campbell in Drummellwantie; Jon M‘Taggirt ; 
Andro douglas and Jon M‘Kie in Drumrickloche; David Shaw 
and Andro M‘Kie in Monewik; Alext Thomsoune in Brigtoune ; 
Anthone M‘Millane in Firrochbae; Patrik M‘Kie in Meikle 
Caldounes ; Quinteinne findlaysoune in littell caldounes ; Johne 
and Gilbert M‘Kies, Gilbert Megowne, Jon Hendrysoune and 
Patrick M¢taggirt in holme; Rot Tait and Patrick tait in 
Borgane; Alext, Jon, Thomas, Patrik Stewarts and Patrik 
Mequhroyters, elder and younger, in Larg; James Mequhardge 
and Alexr Thomsoune in cammer; Archibald Douglas, Walter 
Mctaggirt in Lagbaes; James Willsone, Rot Stewart, and Jon 
Mequozd in Cardorkane; Jon M‘Millan in clonts, peiter 
Douglas ther; John Mequhroyter, thomas M¢coyd, Doncane 
Mequhroyter, Jon M‘Millane in Tochregane; Jon Stewart 
elder and Jon Stewart younger, Andro meines, Thomas 
Meclellane in Drongandow; Jon M¢crakane in Barclay; Jon 
Watloum and george tait in Barclay; Alext Meclellane, Jon 
Megill in Dirrigal; Rot Mecord, Andro Méegowne, Jon 
Mechlauchline, Jon Murdoche, Alext Stewart, Rot Megowne, 
John Davidsoune, elder, Jon Davidsoun, zounger, in Borland ; 
Mungo herroune in Kirkland; Jon Simpsone, Jon cunigame, 
Jon Stewart and Alext Stewart in clauchrie; Jon Mequhenill, 
elder, in Glenmalloch ; Jon Sk—— herne and thomas Meeaa in 
Glenmalloch; Donnie M‘Kie and Jon Meclurg in Knockbrex ; 
William Stewart, Jon Campbell in Glenshalloch; Barnard, 
thomas, Jon, Alext M‘Kies, Jon and Alext morrazes and 
patrick Stewart in Garlarge; Jon m(¢chrachire, elder and 


56 EXHIBITS. 


zounger, in Lomoquhen ; Andro finlaysonne and Alext Simpsoun 
in Laggane; Jon and ninean Memillanes, Jon Gordoune and 
Jon Mecornock in Craigginkalzie; Jon, Patrick and quinteine 
Memillanes in Craignell; Thomas Méequhroyter in firroch; 
Jon and James MeMillanes in Polbrekbuy; Mathew and 
Jon reids in craigdews; Wm. M‘Millane in Tonergie; 
Alext and James M‘Millanes in Tonotrie; Jon M‘Mil- 
lane in Dickitrick; Jon and William M‘Millanes, Thomas 
and michaell M¢clellanes in corwar; Walter M‘Millane and 
Andro Megauchane in overdalashe; Jon Reid and Jon Stein- 
sonne in Dalashecairnes; Jon M‘Kinnell and patrik maxwell 
in Barhose; Rot and Jon cunighame and patrik heuchane in 
Bargallie; Jon and Wm. culbertsounes in ardwell; Michaell, 
Rot, and Jon M¢clellanes and Jon campbell in Credock; Rot 
and Alext Mccoskries, Jon and thomas heuchanes, Jon Mégill, 
patrik m¢cleave, Jon Ramsay, Jon merteine, Rot M‘Millane, 
Jon Mccheitchie, Jon Doncane in Bardrochwood; Jon, Walter, 
and Jon M‘Chessnyes, Jon Mcgimpsies, elder and younger, and 
Jon murdoche in Littlepark ; Quinteine m¢cleane in stron—— ; 
Donald, Jon, and James M‘Kies in Blackcraig ; Jon m¢dowall 
in ——outane; Alext conchie, Thomas Steinsonne, Johne 
heuchane, thomas heucheane, Andro maillige, patrick edzeare 
in cawgell; James mcquhard in Glennamore; Patrick Stewart 
in Craignine; Jon murrayes, elder and zounger, in Barn- 
cauchall; Jon herroune in Drumnaucht; Jon m¢dowall in 
Corquhinock; Jon and gilbert mcdowells and alext craik in 
Lesons; andro m¢gauchie in Drakmorne; Jon murray ther; 
Patrick murrayes, elder and zounger, and peiter murray in 
Stroubay ; Alext M‘Caa, Jon herroune, Patrick M‘Millane, Jon 
Mcchessny in auchenlack; adam gordoune, Thomas Douglas in 
Risk; Jon ghrame, James and andro M¢cornockes, george 
findlaysone in Drumnaquhinzie; Alext M‘Brydes, zounger and 
elder, in Glenhoise; Jon and Wm. M‘Brydes, Patrick and Wm. 
M‘Cawelles, Walter M‘Millane and Rot murdoche in Glenhoise ; 
Andro M‘Cornock in Kirtrochwod; Donald Thomsone, Jon 
M‘Kie, George herroune; Jon Roxburghe in Kirochtrie; Johne 

Paper copy ends here. Vellwm copy proceeds: —mé¢quod, 
Jon Sloane, Alex? m¢dowalle in machirmore; Alex? m¢chuchie, 
Alext Mcclurg, Jon Dowane in Carsnaw; William Mccleawe in 
carsmaneiche; Alext Mcclowane, Gilbert and Thomas herrounes 
in meiklecarse; George M‘Millane, Robert Roxburght, Andro 
M‘Millane, Alexr M‘Kie, ninean Bodden, hew menzies, david 
chalmers, James M‘Millane and Jon M¢coskrie, Rot. good, Jo. 
M‘Millane, patrick M‘Kie, Jon M‘Coskie, Jon Bodden, Alext 
M‘Chachie, patrick Wilsone, William M‘Kie, Jon M‘Cord; 
Wm. Mechachie; Wm. Roxburgh, James Murdoche, Andro 
Bannoch, Jon Mure, Wm. Sloane, Culbert Simpsone, Jon 
Bodden, Patrick Stewart, thomas Mcilroy, Alexr. Herroune in 
the toune of monegoffe, with our hands at the pen led be the 


EXHIBITS. 257 


notars underwritten at of commands becaus we canot wryt of 

selffs. Ita est Andreas gray notarius publicus de mandatis 

dictarum personarum subscriptarum scribere nescentium asser- 
uerunt in premissis requisitus. Ita est guillielmus Hunter 
not. p. : 

Back—Alexander M¢cleave in bardrochwood; Robert 
M‘Coskrie ther, and Alexander Heuchane ther; Alexander 
heuchane in Greddock ; Alexr. Mcchessny in Bargallie; Andro 
muligane in Dalascheairnes; Thomas M¢cquhreyter in firroch; 
William thomsonne in Larg; Robert Stewart and Johne 
Mccoyde in Cardorkane; James M‘Millane in firrochbae; Gil- 
bert M‘Kie, younger, in heliae [?]; Williame Mezwale in Risk; 
Docane M‘Kie in Markcove; Patrick M‘Millane and John 
M‘Ilwayane in Barlarge; William Mcdowall in Carsdoncane ; 
Robert Mcchouchtie in Culgow ; James M¢ecaddam in Laggane; 
Patrick Mcquhardge in nather Stronbae; John Mcclardge in 
glenhoyse ; Jon M¢indric [?]; Rot. M‘Bryde in glenhoise; Jon 
M¢quhardge in crouchlie; Jon. M‘Millane in dricknaw; Andro 
coutart in holme; Jon and Patrick Stewarts in Caruuer; John 
tait in Drongaher; Thomas Simpson in Tochreline; Alext 
Stewart in Garlies; Andro findlay, younger, in laggane; James 
Allane, Taylor in Carsnaw; John M¢clurdge in macgramore; 
Johne M‘Dowall in Corsnaw; Alexander M‘Crakane in Cull- 
gow; John M‘Caa in drongandow; Alexr. Memulzerdoch and 
patrick taite in barony ; Jon Dunell ther; John M‘Jorrie, elder 
and zounger, ther; Jon M¢rewie ther. Ita est Laurence gray 
notarius publicus. 

Glasgow Determination on back signed by—John Mequharg ; 
Mr William Maxwell; Hew Stewart; J. Dunbar; —— 
Steuart; Patrick M‘Kie; Alext Steuart; James Steuart; 
Alext Mequharg; Andro Herron; Alext Roxburgh; Johne 
Keillie. 

30th January, 1914.—_Mr M. H. M‘Kerrow, on behalf of an 
anonymous gentleman—The following intaglios and coins :— 
(1) Moss Agate Ring; (2) Persian Intaglio, possibly pre- 
Mohammedan ; the motive of the two lions, recalling Samarian 
art, but incorrectly rendered; (3) a white cornelian intaglio, 
probably Persian and of later date than the 16th century. 
Three Parthian Coins—(a) Mithradates III., 57-54 B.o.; (b) 
Volageses I., 57-77 a.p.; (c) Volageses V., 207-221 a.p.; a 
Ducat of Rudolf II. of Austria, 1586; a West Friesland Coin, 
1698; a Sequin of Mare Ant. Guistiniani of Venice, 1683-8. 

13th February, 1914.—Mr W. H. Armistead—Exhibits in illustra- 
tion-of his paper. 

Dr Martin, on behalf of Mr Smith, Bellfield, Holywood— 
Flint Chips (14), a small Scraper, and a Flint Core, from 
Holywood. 


258 
EXCHANGES. 


Aberdeen: University Library. 

Banff: Banffshire Field Club. 

Belfast: Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, The Museum, College 
Square. 

Berwick-on-Tweed: Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club (Secretary, Rev. 
J.J. M.L. Aiken, Manse of Ayton). 

Buenos Ayres: Museo Nacional, Buenos Ayres, Argentine. 

Cambridge: University Library. 

Cardiff: Cardiff Naturalists’ Society, Cardiff (Secretary, Dr O. L. 
Rhys, 22 St. Andrew’s Crescent). 

Carlisle: Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archzo- 
logical Society, Tullie House. 

Edinburgh: Advocates’ Library. 

Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 5 St. Andrew Square. 

Edinburgh Geological Society, India Buildings, Victoria Street. 

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Queen Street. 

Glasgow: Andersonian- Naturalists’ Society, Technical College, 
' George Street. 

Glasgow Archeological Society, 207 Bath Street. 

Geological Society of Glasgow, 207 Bath Street. 

Glasgow Natural History Society, 207 Bath Street. 

Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 

Hawick: Hawick Archeological Society. 

Langholm: Eskdale and Liddesdale Archeological Society (Secre- 
tary, Rev. George Orr, North Manse, Langholm). 

Hull: Hull Scientific and Field Naturalists’ Club, The Museum, 
Hull. 

Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union, The Museum, Hull. 

London: British Association for the Advancement of Science. 
Burlington House. 

British Museum, Bloomsbury Square. 

British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington. 
Marlborough: Marlborough College of Natural History, The College. 
Oxford: Bodleian Library. 

Perth:. Perthshire Society of Natural Science, Natural Here 
Museum. 

Reigate: Holmesdale Natural History Club. 

Rowlands Gill: Vale of Derwent Naturalists’ Field Club (Kditor, 
Leonard Turner, 8 Albert Drive, Low Fell, Gateshead-on- 
Tyne). 

Sheffield: Sheffield Naturalists’ Club, The Museum. 

Stratford: Essex Field Club, Essex Museum of Natural History, 
Romford Road. 


EXCHANGES. 259 


Stirling: Natural History and Archeological Society, Smith 
Institute. 
Stockholm, Sweden: Kung Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets 
Akademien. 
Surrey Archeological Society (Secretary, A. H. Jenkinson, The 
Record Office, Chancery Lane, London.) 
Toronto, Canada: The Canadian Institute, Provincial Museum, St. 
James Square, Toronto. 
Torquay: Torquay Natural History Society, The Museum. 
United States :— 
Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 
Chapelhill, N.C.: Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. 
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard College Museum of Comparative 
Zoology. 
Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology 
Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. 
Davenport, Iowa: Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences. 
Madison, Wis. : Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and 
Letters. 
Minneapolis, Minn.: Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences. 
Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Scientific Society. 
New Brighton, N.Y.: Staten Island Association of Arts and 
Sciences. 
New Orleans, La.: Louisiana State Museum. 
New York: New York Academy of Sciences. 
Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame. 
Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. 
Rochester, N.Y.: Rochester Academy of Sciences. 
St. Louis, Mo.: Missouri Botanical Garden. 
Washington: Smithsonian Institute, U.S. National Museum. 
United States Bureau of Ethnology. 
United States Department of Agriculture. 
United States Geological Survey. 
Upsala, Sweden: Geological Institute of the University of Upsala. 


260 


“ABSTRACT OF ACCOUNTS 


FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30th SEPTEMBER, 1913. 


1.—On Account of Capital. 


CHARGE. 
By Sum Invested on Bond and Dire oe in Secur i 
: at 33 per cent. ... AG ‘ eseoll ey W) 
DISCHARGE. 
Nil. 
11.—On Account of Revenue. 
CHARGE. 
Balance on hand 5 fhe ae ine £6 7 6 
Annual Subscriptions—341 at 5s ; ‘17 at 2s 6d; and 6 
Arrgars at ds ... ae : a ie I 88 17 6 
Donations ioe aie ee siald Be Tey 510 0 
Transactions sold Nee se ae ae DIES 
Interest on Loan, less ‘8s 3d tax... Bee slag os 614 0 
Interest on Deposit Receipt ne Ae ae ae 010 4 
Amount of Charge Laat dee .. £110 6 10 
DISCHARGE. 
Rent, Taxes, and Insurance ah E36 i poe el@) 1@). a! 
Printing of Transactions, ete. Se os a ane 6114 5 
Stationery and Ady grisine: Ac ae a foe 10 14 9 
Miscellaneous of the ee ae tt 16 4 11 
609 Viaes 
ABSTRACT. 
1.—On Account of Capital. 
Amount of Charge De ee ee Rae See eee 2 © 
Amount of Discharge ... ais Bo ae fe By Nil 
11.—On Account of Revenue. eid 
Amountof Charge ier pa Aes ... £110 6 10 
Amount of Discharge eis ae Aas 99 4 5 
Sum on hand soe S56 ae eee, 2) & 


We have examined the Books and Vouchers of the Dumfries- 
shire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society for 
1912-13, and certify that the foregoing Abstract exhibits a correct 
view of the Treasurer’s operations for the year. 


(Signed) JOHN SYMONS, Auditor. 


BERTRAM M‘GOWAN, Auditor, 
22nd October, 1913. be 


261 


LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SOGIETY. 


Revised to 15th June, 1914. 


Those who joined the Society at its reorganisation on 3rd 
November, 1876, are indicated by an asterisk. 


LIFE MEMBERS. 


Re Ree ACOLCR! ACID UREN 5. cavsencocpvenv<sdseveesssdsagwhcdestesess 11/11/81 
Wm. D. Robinson-Douglas, F.L.S., Orchardton ......... 11/11/81 
Sir Mark J. M‘Taggart Stewart, Bart., Southwick .......... 7/6/84 
Alex. Young Herries, Spottes, Dalbeattie .................065 2/5/85 
Were J: Herries Maxwell, Munches ..0liccc.ss.-cscocsesasesece 1/10/86 
Thomas Fraser, Maxwell Knowe, Dalbeattie ..............0+5+ 2/3/88 
Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, K.G., K.T. ............ 10/1/95 
Hugh §S. Gladstone, F.Z.S., of Capenoch, Thornhill ...... 15/7/05 
Earl of Mansfield, Scone Palace, Perth ............:.s00e00+ 18/11/07 
Dr C. E. Easterbrook, Crichton Royal Institution ...... 20/3/08 
Del MESTOOK GL SL GOGO Messe. ss sa cotewec ssc ndteacdcdewsacticn <b cunsesee 12/6/09 
Robert Gladstone, jun., B.C.L., M.A., Woolton Vale, 
HEIVOLDOOLY ee se autcceteseen ene Si nee ae caeder cases tecwedeseseanses 12/4/12 
Henry Keswick, M.P., of Cowhill Tower, Holywood ...... 12/4/12 
John Lang of Lannhall, Tynron, Thornhill .................. 12/4/12 
Sir William Younger, Bart. of Auchencastle ............... 26/4/12 


HONORARY MEMBERS. 


Arnott, S., F.R.H.S., Sunnymead, Maxwelltown ......... 5/2/93 
Baker, J. G., F.R.S., F.L.S., V.M.H., 3 Cumberland Road, 
SSW ee rect ee SeeER Coton a wee ee eme th agua Ruins susbawteebesacceacdtds 2/5/90 


Carruthers, Wm., F.R.S., 14 Vermont Road, Norwood, S.E. 
Harvie-Brown, J., F.L.S., Dunipace House, Larbert ... 6/12/78 
Murray, James, Hill Farm Bungalow, Froxfield, Hants, 
AIPA cy oacics as eee clus ve deve Bust hcdedsnced svi aan Soeetan eevee 7/8/09 
M‘Andrew, James, 69 Spottiswoode Street, Edinburgh... 6/10/79 
M‘Pherson, Wm., 37 Warrender Park Road, Edinburgh .. 7/8/09 
Sharp, Dr David, F.R.S., Lawnside, Brokenhurst ....... 3/11/76 
Shirley, G. W., Ewart Public Library, Dumfries ......... 28/10/04 
MIST RTT AVEEIOOL | vyesce sce teepnebensimnsecenessyecseteyesienes 29/6/88 


hO- 


15 


20 


262 List oF MEMBERS. 


CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. 


"Anderson, Dr Joseph, LL.D., H.R.S.A., Assistant. Secretary 


Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Keeper of the National 
Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh. : 

Beattie, John A., ee Larkhall. 

Borthwick, Dr A. B.Se: , Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. 

Bryce, Professor Thowias H., ’M.A., M.D., F.R.S. E., ESA. Scot., 
Regius Professor of Anatomy, Glasgow. University, Mem- 
ber of the Royal Commission on Ancient and © Historical 
Monuments, 2 The College, Glasgow. 

Curle, James, W. S., F.S.A.Scot., Priorwood, Melrose. 

Gregory, Professor J. W., D. Sc., E.R.S., ERS ees 
M.I.M.M., etc., Professor of ‘Geology, Glasgow University. 

Holmes, Pr ofessor BE. M., F.L. S., F.R.B.S., Edinburgh and Lon- 
don, F.R.H.S., ete., 17 Bloomsbury Square, London, W.C. 

J ohnstone, R. B., Hon. Secretary and Editor, Andersonian 

Naturalists’ Society, 17 Cambridge Drive, Glasgow. 

Lewis, F. J., F.L.S., Department “of Biology, University of 
’ Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 

Macdonald, Dr George, M.A., LL.D., 17 Learmonth Gardens, 
Edinburgh. 

Reid, Clement, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., One Acre, Milford-on- 
Sea, Hants. 

Rhys, Professor Sir John, M.A., D.Litt., Professor of Celtic, 
and Principal of Jesus College, Oxford, Fellow of the 
British Academy. 

Scott-Keltie, J.. LL.D., F.S.A.Scot., Secretary Royal Geographi- 
cal Society, Hon. Member Roy al Scottish Geographical 
Society, 1 Savile Row, Burlington Gardens, London, W. 

Smith, Miss Annie Lorraine, 'B.Se., F.L.S. , Temporary Assistant, 
Botanical Department, British Museum, 20 Talgarth Road, 
West Kensington, London, W. 

Watt, Andrew, M. A. ERS. E., Secretary Scottish - Meteorol: 
pica Society, 122 George Street, Edinburgh. 


ORDINARY MEMBERS. 


- ‘Adamson, RB. W-S8° Dumfries ..: 20... 1s ss esate oe 21/10/11 
Affleck, J ames, Queen Street, ee bein diegiteoeenneee 23/3/07 
Agnew, Sir A. N., Bart: of Lochnaw, Stranraer ............ 9/1/91 
Agnew, Lieut. Colonel Quentin, D.S. O., House of Knock, 

Portpabrieks <5 psc seuit slecbsdcice cheese eee SORE 12/4/12 

- Aitken, John M., Norwood, Lockerbie ..............0c0c0e000s 12/4/12 
Aitken, Miss M. ‘Carlyle, 2’ Dunbar Terrace, Dumfries ... 1/6/83 
Alexander, James, Castle View, Thornhill ................00. 12/4/12 
Allan, William, 10 Albany Place, Dumiiries!-ra--cee-eeeeee 29/3/12 
Anderson. John, Albert Road, Maxwelltown ................ .. 26/4/12 
Armistead, W. ‘H. Kippford, Dalbeattie. ; 
“Armstrong, Clement, Eskholm, Lanvholm °/2.022.5h::00.44 :. 16/2/12 
Armstrong, T. G., 24 Rae Street, Dumfries .:..............6. 9/9/05 
Banner, Miss Edith, Palmerston House eee 5/11/09 
Bannerman, W., Solicitor, Maxwelltown ........2:......: a... 26/4/12 
Barker, “John, Uplands, Edinburgh Road, Dumfries ..... .. 23/9/05 
Barr, David, 40-1 Galloway Street, Maxwelltown tess LEON TS 

- Bartholomew. J.. Kinnelhead, Beattock .....sccssssen veeee 21/10/10 

- Barton, Sir Geoffry, K.C.B. Craigs, Dumfries ..3.......-- ne 
Bedford, Bs Grace the Duke of, oa Abbey.) ccunen oe 08 


30 


45 


60 


70 


List or MeEmBERs. 263 


Bell, Arthur, Hillside, Langholm ..............ccs.cceeevcececs 16/2/12 
Bell, T. ae oe Morrington, Dunscore ..........ccscceeeeeeees 22/10/97 
Biggar, William, Corbieton, Castle-Douglas .................. 12/4/12 


Blacklock, J. E., Broombank, Annan Road, Dumfries ... 8/5/96 
Blacklock, W., The Cottage, Rosemount Street, Dumfries a1O/10 
Borland, John, Auchencairn, Closeburn .............0..000..008 7/9/95 
Bowie, J. M., The Hain, Dalbeattie Road, Maxwelltown 15/12/05 
Boyd, Mrs, Eskbank, Dalbeattie Road, Maxwelltown ... 15/12/05 


Brook, Charles, of Kinmount, Annan ...........c...ececeeeees 12/4/12 
Brown, H. J., 4 ayers Square; London sNvs...02. 20h. s oe 9/6/13 
Brown, John F., ‘‘ Galloway Gazette,’? Newton-Stewart...16/1/14 
Brown, Stephen, Borland, Lockerbie .....................005 10/6/99 
Brown, T.-M.,-Closeburn, Thornhill ..................cccseeceseee 6/8/91 
Brown, Thomas, 89 Holland Road, Kensington, W. ...... 12/4/12 
Browne, Sir James Crichton, Crindau, Dumfries ......... 3/9/92 
Bruce, William, The Academy, Kirkcudbright ............ 12/4/12 
Bryson, Alex., Irish Street, Dumfries ................csseeeeeeee 6/2/91 
Burnie, Robert, Union Bank House, Thornhill ............ 12/4/12 
Byers, J. R., Solicitor, Lockerbie ...............csccccessccees 14/9/07 
Cairns, Rev. J., Rotchell Park, Dumfries ..................... 6/2/91 
Cairns Des. Selmar, Dumfries’ icc. iieecwedescscesvceccsses 20/12/07 
Campbell, Rev. J. Montgomery, St. Michael’s Manse, 
TIES) antec see cet aed ndsaanncd ee cme tsk omah Set ehe due 15/12/05 
Campbell, Rev. J. Marjoribanks, Torthorwald ............ 21/11/08 
Campion, George, Larkfield, Dumfries ..............,..0000008 12/4/12 
Carmichael, Rev. S. G.. B.D., Tynron Manse, Thornhill... 12/4/12 
Carmichael, William, Albert Road, Maxwelltown ......... 4/11/10 
Carmont, James, Castledykes, Dumfries ..................66. 6/2/91 
Carrick-Buchanan, D. W. R., Corsewall, Stranraer ...... 12/4/12 
Carruthers, Dr G. J. R., 4a Melville Street, Edinburgh  /10//09 
Carruthers, J. J., Park House, Southwick-on-Weir, 
PUIG OT LAMA e oe a vce meee aut eteat ec asies eas codes cUsleGaeczguseesar /10/08 
arnugnerss (MayorcOte WO OLMOnbe.c.ccc.s eae t-ceceeses shoe seh ovine 29/11/12 
Cassillis, The Earl of, Culzean Castle, Ayr ...............05 12/4/12 
Chalmers, Dr Archibald, Crocketford ......................68 4/11/10 
halmors: W., Thomasville, (Duminies) 0.6.4 5.20. seen. lees 3/2/11 
Chapman, A., Dinwoodie Lodge, Lockerbie .................. 14/9/07 
Church, P. Woe Ghovege Damiirise: 20.6.5. .b once cesaes cide oes 12/4/12 
Clarke, Dr, Charlotte Street, Dumfries ................0tes00 6/6/89 
Coats, W.)A., of Dalskairth, Dumfries: .:.......:..000i05--.42 18/9/96 
Cochrane, Rev. John Douglas, The Manse, Kirkbean ... 26/4/12 
Common, W. Bell, Gracefield, Dumfries ..................05. 14/9/08 
ook, Miss, Burnfoot, Sanquhar ».. 22... .0.0...sc0sjheeoecuerss 29/11/12 
Copland, John, 12 Carnegie Street, Dumfries .-.......... 17/11/11 
Copland, Miss, The Old House, Newabbey ..........:c..:.0e0e0s 5/7/90 
Periack.. David, LOGKErbie® .i5.6... sss. bisa tk abe jude ob ee ay oe 21/2/13 
Cornet, E., St. Mary’s Place, Dumfries .................:... 4/7/11 
Corrie, John, F.S.A.Scot., Burnbank, Moniaive ............ 6/8/87 
Corrie, John M., Post Office, Newtown St. Boswells ...... 4/10/07 
Corrie, Joseph, Millbank, Maxwelltown ............::.ceeeeeees 4/7/08 
Cossar, Thomas, Craignee, Terregles Street..................+ 14/5/14 
Cowan, John, Glenview, Maxwelltown .........:.s.ssseeeeeee 15/12/05 
Crabbe, Major, of Duncow, Dumfries ......:....:s:sseseeees 1/12/11 
Crichton, Miss, 39 Rae Street, Dumfries .................. 20/10/09 
Crockett, W. S., The Manse, Tweedsmuir ..........00::00+005+ 12/4/12 
Cruickshanks, Dr, Dirleton, Maxwelltown ............:....- 12/12/13 
Cubitt, V. Murray, Normandale, Castle-Douglas ......... 17/10/13 
Dalkeith, The Earl of, Drumlanrig Castle, Thornhill ........ 12/4/12 


Dalrymple, The Viscount, M.P., Lochinch, Castle- 
2 eniady, Wigtownshire .i:ci.e:.vesesccsteecnscncaseeenes 12/4/12 


80 


90 


100 


105 


110 


115 


120 


130 


264 List OF MEMBERS. 


Dalrymple, The Hon. Hew, Lochinch, Castle-Kennedy, 


igtownshire | \...1.00 dav ssssdereadeemeernaed ea memes [4/12 
* Davidson, Jas., F.S.A.Scot., Summerville, Mxawelltown 3/11/76 
Davidson, W., Beechgrove, ‘Annan sisenU tea eReeh i's ea onbemeee 12/4/12 
Dick, Rey. C.’H. , St. Mary’s Manse, Moffat ............... 4//11/10 
Dick, Rev. James, Blackwood, Auldgirth pectiscdeeanocen Seat 12/4/12 
Dickie, Wm., Merlewood, Maxwelltown ......ccccccseeeeeeesees 6/10/82 
Dickson, Miss A. M., Greenbank, Perthy ieee ctiteees sae 12/4/12 
Dickson, C. W., of Friars’ Carse, Analdoart hy aie. eee 12/4/12 
Dickson, G. S.,) Moffat Academy, Moffat ..............000000 14/9/07 
Dinwiddie, Reve J: E> Ruthwellb ack geccst taser tdsceetnseeete 18/5/08 
Dinwiddie, L. M. , Albany, Dumfri€s ioe cieecde. <a ceesceoneeee 12/4/12 
Dinwiddie, R., Overton, Moffat Road, Dumfries ............ 9/3/83 
* Dinwiddie, W. A., Bridgebank, Buccleuch Street, 

Dumfries aces. igol cectehteacs bce ee 3/11/76 
Dixie, G. D., Cassalands, Maxwelltown .............00...008 20/10/11 
Dods, J. W., St. Mary’s Place, Dumfries ................2.00. 2/3/83 
Donaldson, T. M., Riddletonhill, Maxton, St. Boswells... 26/4/12 
Drummond, Bernard, Dumfries sds ts (ceecgsn ce ee 7/12/88 
Drummond, J.G., Stewart Hall, Dumfries ...............06. 17/11/05 
Drysdale, A. D., 2 Cathedral Square, Glasgow ............ 23/4/09 
Dudgeon, Colonel, of Cargen, Dumiries)i<55..1.0.-.s-sssseee 19/1/12 
Dudgeon, R. C:,; of Cargenholm, Dumfries: 2 3.-...280secee 19/1/12 
Dudgeon, Miss, Lincluden House, Dumfries ............... 1/12/11 
Duncan, Jno. Bryce, of Newlands, Dumfries ............... 20/12/07 
Duncan, Mrs, of Newlands, Dunifries.{5. 3.8. oe 20/12/07 
Dunlop, Captain H. Murray, Corsock, Dalbeattie ......... 15/6/12 
Dunlop, Rev. S., Irongray Manse, Dumfries 2 dasceeeeeeeee 10/6/05 
Dunn, John, Solicitor, Castle-Douglas ddecugelbainbanwseenerne .. 12/4/12 
Dy kes, Thomas, Irvine Terrace, Dumfries .................. 28/11/13 
Elliot; G. F. Scott, F.L.S., F. R. G.S., Drumwhill, Moss- _ 

" dalle ies eli ecco hduceddeit ees eo a ie ae 4/3/87 
Hwing, Lady Augusta Orr, of Dunskey, Portpatrick ...... 12/4/12 
Faed, Mark George, Ardmore, Blackhall, Midlothian.... 12/4/12 
Fergusson, D., Southdean, Rotchell’ Park 29/3/12 
Fergusson, Mrs, Sotthdean, Rotchell Park .................. 29/3/12 
Finlay, Miss, Bridgebank, Dum Fries ae See eee 21/10/10 
Fleming, D. Hay, LL.D., 4 Chamberlain Road, Edin- 

Bur heiii2s des ccsdehesceueehe ane toceedee eee ee ee ee 13/2/14 
Fleming, Slane A., K.C., 33 Melville Street, Edin- 

DUTY | asia ccdie os'asheirdoisllais aidctols sath aceon rd dee aA ee eee ee 12/4/12 
Flett, Janes: C.R.1., - Dumibries) 2.0.0: aceseeeee eens 19/1/12 
Foster, Wn., Nunholm, Dumiries®: 2ssc4 2 sasceerae cence 20/10/08 
Fraser, John, 54 Great King Street, Edinburgh ............ 12/4/12 
Galbr aith, Charles E., Terregles, Dumfries ......--s000------ 12/4/12 
Galloway, Earl of, Cumloden, Newton-Stewart ........0.0. 12/4/12 
Geddes, R., Brooke Street, Dumfries i... 804 eae 20/10/09 
Gibson, I Ewing, writer, 156 St Vincent Street, 

Glasgow flutes delein eiaalewe he bbe ce Sele baat g ANA eae Ra Eee 12/4/12 
Gillespie, Rev. J. E., Kirkgunzeon Manse .................. 25/10/12 
Gillespie, Wm. Solicitor, Castle-Douglas ...........eccseeeees 14/5/92 
Gladstone, Mrs H. S., Capenoch, Thornhill ............00. 13/7/07 
Gladstone, aes Joan, The Lodge, Parkstone, Dorset... 3/11/11 
Gladstone, J. B., Architect, Lockerbie .....c.scscsseeseeeees 15/2/07 
Glaister, tae John, M_D., F.R.S.E., D.Ph. (Camb. ds, 

The University, Glasgow Shipbbuediieaadde selector ye eaeaaee 12/4/12 
Glover, John, W.S., 1 Hill Street, Edinburgh . pa abece ee 23/11/06 
Goldie-Scot, Aw Craigmuie, Moniaive vic: al ee 12/4/12 
Goldie- Scot, Mrs, Craigmuie, Mioniaiveiescececsae see eee 12/4/12 


Gordon, Miss, Kenmure Terrace, Dumfries ..........00000 14/9/07 


ee 


135 


140 


150 


155 


160 


170 


180 


List oF MEMBERS. 265 


OTAais EP .., GION, DUMELIOR <ccc. seuss sas veccasdursaivivescess 26/4/12 
Gordon, J. G., F.E.S., Corsemalzie, Whauphill ............ 20/1/11 
Garden, Jahn, Kenmure. Castle ..........ccssssscreevesecvavesns 25/10/12 
Gordon, Roger S., F.E.8., Corsemalzie, Whauphill ...... 3/9/11 
Gordon, Robt., Chewton Glen, Christchurch, Hants ...... 10/5/95 
Gordon, William, County Buildings, Dumfries ............... 12/4/12 
Gracie, Robert, 51 St. Domingo Grove, Liverpool ......... 26/4/12 
Graham, W. F., Mossknow, Ecclefechan ..............:0c0008 12/4/12 
Graham, Mrs, Sprinburn Cottage, Kilbarchan, Ren- 

ASV SUITS fn eciict Laat oduct simesnee cas pak ohctade hen secevateaey 28/7/06 
Greaves, A. R., Dalmakerran, Thornhill .................06+ 12/4/12 
Grierson, R. A., Town Clerk, EET SEY 15/3/07 
Bee OR IAW Mg PUMETIES. G35 jstntavns pst essbsssssesnsereatece 17/11/11 
Bemteneiee WETS - PIAVICL © MOTI TENORS occ beu gdcank nave vance andosatienseve 15/12/11 
Gulland, John W., M.P., House of Commons, London ... 12/4/12 
Haining, John M., Solicitor, Dumfries ..............ceeeeeeeee 21/11/08 
Hall, Major H., of Denbie, Lockerbie ..............csececeeees 12/4/12 
Paiaay, L.A. Parkhuret, DUMEries, J..chscs.c00..0ercsesees 26/1/06 
Mathiday Mrs, Parkhurst, Dumfries .0..:../....0.seseiees 26/1/06 
Halhday, W. J., Esthwaite, Lochmaben ................0000 6/4/06 
Hamilton, W. M. J., Craighlaw, Kirkcowan ............... 12/4/12 
Hamilton-Grierson, Sir Philip J., 7 Palmerston Place, 

CARNIVAL Fs, enacmek re cee eek cached! Sia esa Fuh ov vlevwteseeeves's 12/4/12 
Hannay, Miss, Langlands, Dumfries .........scccscsesscsesesees 6/4/88 
Hannay, Miss J., Langlands, Dumfries ...................000- 6/4/88 
Hastie, D. H., Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ................+. 24/2/06 
Henderson, Mrs, Logan, Cummnock ..........ccscssssoescesees 18/12/08 
Henderson, Miss E. L., Barrbank, Sanquhar ............... 12/6/09 
Henderson, James, Solicitor, Dumfries .....................06: 9/8/05 
Henderson, Thomas, Solicitor, Lockerbie ................ 17/10/02 
Henderson, W. P., Langlands, Dumfries ..................... 10/1/13 
Henniker-Hughan, Sir A., Bart., Inveresk House, 

INGASel bach Heevetactnictcaagersctase leds sc vnccbiesinslvenscases ee 12/4/12 
Heriot, W. Maitland, Whitecroft, Ruthwell .................. 14/9/08 
Hewison, Rev. James King, D.D., The Manse, Rothesay 12/4/12 
Hill, W., Rosebank, Irongray, Dumfries ...............00008. 12/4/12 
Hough, J. B., Dalgowan, New-Galloway ............:.:.0000s 16/2/12 
Houston, James H., Marchfield, Dumfries .................. 9/8/05 
Houston, Mrs, Brownrigg, Dumfries ...............sceeeeeeees 12/6/09 
Hume, Colonel A., of Auchendolly, Dalbeattie ............. 12/4/12 
Hunter, David, 40-1 Galloway Street, Maxwelltown ... 17/10/13 
Hunter, Dr Joseph, Castle Street, Dumfries ..............00+ 24/6/05 
Hunter, Dr, St Pethonte’é. MGIC Wan ters: sess <oscseasescs> 12/4/12 
Hunter, Thomas S., Woodford, Dumfries .................. 12/4/12 
Hunter-Arundel, H. W. F., of Barjarg, Dumfries ...... 29/11/12 
Irving, Colonel, of Bonshaw, Annan .........sccscsesseeeseees 18/1/01 
Irving, H. C., Burnfoot, Ecclefechan ..............csessseeee { [07 
Irving, John, Rosemount Cottage, Maxwelltown ......... 14/5/14 
Irving, John A., West Fell, Corbridge-on-Tyne ......... 7/12/06 


Irving, John Bell, Beaulands, Crosby-on-Fden, Carlisle 16/10/03 
Irvine, Wm. Ferguson, F.S.A., 56 Park Road South, 


Ebi rennin slope aol acco etennt cenit seeks piste nelenesaousisiase weeldura 7/2/08 
Jackson, Colonel, Holmlea, Amman ..........:sseeeeees meame wie 9/8/05 
Jamieson, Rev. J. Bryce, Greyfriars’ Manse, Dumfries... 25/10/12 
Jardine, Bailie, Ednam Cottage, Annam ..............+:500+ 29/11/12 
Jardine, D. J., of Jardine Hall, Lockerbie ...............+44 12/4/12 
Jardine, Sir William, Luce, Annan ...........:.cseseeeeeeeees 26/4/12 
Jardine, Major Wm., Craigdhu, Capetown ...........sse00s 17/6/11 
Jardine, Wm., Wauchope, Klipdam, Kimberley ............ 17/6/11 


Jenkens, A. J., Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ...,.......+00+++ 8/4/10 


190 


195 


200 


205 


210 


220 


230 


240 


266 List oF MEMBERS. 


Jenkens, Mrs, (Victoria Perrace, Dumiries. s...2.-0clesseaes 8/4/10 
Jenkins, Ross T., National Bank of Scotland, Edinburgh 12/4/12 
Johnson- Pere ouson, Sibe dio - J0,, | Bawer,- of Springkell, 

Hecletechan: 55 .siccce cee rotien tinucoee nates a cwocehl ca eee 30/5/96 
Johnson-Kerguson, A., Knockhill, Heclefechan ............... 9/9/05 
Johnston, Christopher, M.A., Ph.D., M.D., LL.D., Pro- 

fessor of Oriental History and Archeeology at 

John Hopkins University, 21 West 20th Street, Bal- 


tamonre: “USA... ousssssaccasesedecwe uae sects ee aceee Reet eePee 26/4/12 
Johnston, Dr S. K., Burnbank, Penpont ............2:.-00+-s 12/4/12 
Johnstone- Douglas, "AG Ele , Comlongon dais $v seine a eee 20/10/09 
Johnstone, F. A., 56 Queen’ s Gate, London, ’'S.W. ss... 11/4/11 
Johnstone, John T., Millbank, Moffat: ..ssesc.0sesee ae 4/4/90 
Johnstone, ee Bie Balvaig, Maxwelltown ..sssccccoseseseeeee 12/9/08 
Johnstone, Mrs, ‘Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ............... 17/2/96 
Johnstone, aM S., Victoria Terrace, Dumifites  <..es-sseeeeee 19/2/09 
Johnstone, W. S, Victoria Terrace, Dumfries ..........2+- 11/2/98 
Kellock, R., J .P., 78 Promenade, Portobello ............0+ 12/4/12 
Kennedy, Colonel J. M., M.V.O., of Knocknalling, 

Waal ys ies sae deine ace Meise ha tiod cto ic Ghee ek eee ee 12/4/12 
Kennedy, Robert, Bank House, Thornhill .................. 12/4/12 
Kerr, James, Merton Hall, Newton-Stewart ......0000..+- 24/7/09 
Keswick, J. daw ot Mabie. Dumibnies))is.-.ncssses see neeeee eee e eee 6/3/08 
Kidd, Mrs, 10. Grange Terrace, idin burg Soha 14/11/13 
Kirkpatrick, John George, 32 Morningside Park, Edin- 

bun Gir, cn ccacestwae si anioase ace cen te- aeons Meee eta aee ee co eee eee 12/4/12 
Kirkpatrick, Rev. R. S., The Manse, Govan ............... 17/2/96 

_ Kissock, James, Solicitor, Dumfries © .2ss cde. usecoeeeeeereeee 19/2/09 
Laurie, "Colonel C. R., Maxwelton House ............... 20/1/11 


Lebour, Mrs Nona, Poth House, Corbridge-on-Tyne 25/10/12 
*Lennox, Jas., WH. SA. Scot., Edenbank, Maxwelltown ... 3/11/76 


Lennox, ‘John, ’ Whitethorn, ‘Dumfries... /.:c.cecs eee 10/1/13 
Lewis, R. M., Rotchell Road, Mia xiwellliGowmliee see eeeeeeeeeeeee 2/2/12 
Little, James, solicitor, Commercial Bank, Dalbeattie... 12/4/12 
Little, Rev. J. M., U.F. Manse, Maxwelltown .........-. 26/5/09 
fhittles Murraye. own Clerk syAmmanic-ssessceeseceeeee eeeeee 12/4/12 


Loreburn, The Right Hon. Earl, 6 Kton Square, London 9/1/91 
Lowrie, Rev. W. ae Manse of Stoneykirk, Wigtownshire aeeene 


Lupton, Thomas, Solicitor, Starlin oy 2c. We oseaae seeeeeeeeeeee 12/4/12 
Lusk, Hugh D. ‘Larch V illa, Annan...) 6) 4a eee 25/4/08 
Luyon, J. Stewart, of Kirkmichael, Dam esee eee eee eeeeee 12/4/12 
M‘Alister, A. W., Ashgrove Villas, Dumfries ............... 1/12/11 
Macaulay, Miss, Matron, Oo] Bollo, Dumfries’... ee 25/2/13 
M‘Burnie, John, The Garth, Dumfries ...... ue 21/11/08 
MS Burnie, Mrs, "The Garth, ‘Dumfries 2... ee 29/11/12 
M‘Call, Wm., of Caitloch, ‘Moniaive 2. el n ee 20/1/11 
M ‘Cargo, James, Kirkpatrick- Durhamecs ice 24/4/96 
M*‘ Clellan, Charles, They Wea, Dumibrieseecceeee eee 26/4/12 
M‘Clure, ‘James, Clydesdale Bank, Lockerbie 2:.:2s2enee 12/4/12 
M‘Combie, Rev. John, The Manse, Holywood) e.e-ceseee 26/4/12 
M‘Connel, Ree op Oit Eliock, Sanquhar Pe ae eect guancobsc 26/4/12 
M‘ Cormick, Andrew, Solicitor, Newton-Stewart ......... 3/11/05 
M‘Cormick, Rev. F., F.S.A. Scot., Wellington, Salop ... 4/10/07 
M‘Cracken, Miss, Fernbank, Lovers’ Walle ....css0cccceselus 9/11/06 
Macdonald, J. C. B., NG SS. - Dumfries! 7s) ae eee 6/11/85 
Macdonald, Major W. B., of Rammerscales, Lockerbie ... 12/4/12 
M‘Douall, Kenneth, of Logan, Stranraer ............0sceeee0s 12/4/12 
M‘ Dowall, Rev. W., U.F. Manse, Karkmahoe’ -2e-n-ceeeeeee 20/3/08 
M‘ George, James C., of Nunfield, Diamiiriesie-seeeeee eee 12/4/12 


M‘ Gowan, B., Solicitor, Dumfries (0452) ee 26/10/00 


etait hai 


250 


255 


260 


265 


270 


280 


285 


290 


295 


300 


List OF MEMBERS. 267 
M‘Jerrow, David, Town Clerk, Lockerbie .................. 22/2/06 
Mackenzie, Colonel, of Auchenskeoch, Southwick ....:.... 25/8/95 
M‘Kerrow, MOEA. ’ Solicitor, Dumfries Neca EN Cactccaa cee at te 19/1/00 
M‘S Kerrow, Matt. Ae: Burnock, Witmiriestes..sscsrtees cent 9/1/90 
M‘Kie, Norman th 14 Arthur Street, Newton-Stewart... 12/4/12 
MacKinnel, W. The Sheiling, Maxwelltown ............ 22/2/06 
MacKinnel. es The Sheiling, Maxwelltown ............... 22/2/06 
M‘Lean, C. PMU ESI IN oer ca acascetecteanstatextoennaetbue ote 26/4/12 
M‘Leod, John 80 Montpelier Park, Edinburgh ............ 25/10/12 
M‘ Mickie, Gilbert, M.P., 9 Cheyne Place, London, 

SSI WU ay Sg EE GN Se ee ai ag er ee er ee ee ie 12/4/12 
MacMillan, 5 Ot Wodeled  Meniarye' ..c.-ccscescasaceescanene 12/4/12 
M‘Nab, Miss, Tor Bracken, "Howwood, Renfrewshire ...... 12/4/12 
M‘Queen, James, of Crofts, Dalbeattie ues wtetecweteeccecse ns 12/4/12 
MacRae. D. M., ’ of Stenhouse, MEVDIEOM Ges csboenecs stsseeue cents 12/4/12 
Malcolm, A., 37 George Street, HR GOE TION, 5-40 <s.cccsessecic es 2/10/94 
Malcolm, W., Lockerbie Academy, TOCKErDIC! Vcasescses cose 14/9/07 
Manson, D. "Maryfield, DNS ete. co sacietsnccccetwarecessas 16/6/06 
Manson, Mrs, Maryfield, TO eeTH ae ae i Rie it eee a 16/6/06 
Marriott, Or ae LASER yresevodaey GlaSGOW cucesceccoese sts ce 27/6/07 
Martin, Dr J. W., Newbridge, Pui erles lace clos estas 16/10/96 


Maxwell, Captain Aymer, of Monreith, Wigtownshire... 20/10/11 
Maxwell, Benjamin Bell, 1 Netherby "Road, Edinburgh 16/2/12 


Maxwell, Sir H., Bart., of Monreith, Wigtownshire wears 7/10/92 
Maxwell, H ie o ee ” Castle-Douglas SUIT SaERISUGHUR DEE pean Bod seep ena 12/4/12 
Maxwell, John, Tarquah, Maxwelltown ...ccccccssssseeeeee- 20/1/05 
Maxwell, Robert, Terregles Banks, Dumfries ............... 3/11/11 
Maxwell, Sir Wm., of Cardoness, Gatehouse ....ccsssec.sce 17/6/11 
Maxwell, Lady, of "Cardoness, Gatehouse ....c.ssscsesecee- 17/6/11 
Maxwell, W. J., Terregles Banks, Dumfries ............... 6/10/79 
Maxwell, Wellwood, of “Kirkennan, Dalbeattie ccc. ..s. 66 5/11/86 
Menzies, N. F. D., of Wompotards™ 6 8 eee 25/10/12 
Michie, F. W., 10 Albany Place, AIGMILIES . fe. 5..5.: 0s. 21/10/10 
Milligan, James, W.S., 15 York Place, Edinburgh ......... 12/4/12 
Milligan, J. P. Aldouran, Maxwelltown .....ccccccsesceeeeee 17/10/05 
Millar, . Pairman, S.S.C., 50 Queen Street, Edinburgh eae 
Miller, Fe Cumberland House, Mornamlir i s osece cadeenel ese es /9/86 
Milne, R. W., Gallowidrill Miotiati ttc ccss poccansceeas vscancnscses iioios 
Milne- Home, A iii , Irving House, Canonbie: so... e-5...-n-- 19/1/12 
Milroy, Alexander, The Waeroanie DUMiPICs. veccesc-secsense se 3/11/11 
Molteno, P. HARS MP., 10 Palace Court, London, W. ...... 12/4/12 
Mond, Miss, Aberdour House, Dumfries ...................0008- 9/9/05 
Motrin, oA... HOvers > W ailik, DOMfrigs)... ocfo.ccncseceoancess 1/12/11 
Minin ames i GlenttUrin: Wil@tOWIl: csctcescnet yes ssiiecesesce«csee 16/1/14 
Muir, William, Rowallan, Newton-Stewart .........cssseeee- 12/4/12 
Murray, G. Rigby, Parton Hlotsonm belTUOM: es cccscecscscusens ces 4/12/08 
Murray, John, 10 Carnegie erapen Sate ee eee 17/10/13 
Murray, William, Albert Road, Maxwelltown ............ 20/10/11 
Murray, Mrs, Albert Road, Maxwelltown ............0000- 17/11/11 
Murray, Wnm., of Murraythwaite, Ecclefechan ............ 8/2/95 
Murray, Mrs, Murraythwaite, Ecclefechan ......sccsccssees 29/7/05 
Neilson, Geo., LL.D., Wiellfield, Partickhill Road, Glasgow 13/12/95 
Neilson, J., of Mollance, Castle- POA IARS asses cadens coste deere 13/3/96 
Nicholson, J. ie Airlie, MAW GO WH: cueseasuxcacedcsscer tues 9/8/04 
Orr, David, County Asylum, Prestwich, Manchester ...... 12/4/12 
Orr, Rev. George, North Manse, Langholm .................. 16/2/12 
Ovens, Walter, of Torr, Auchencairn Beer eee tas cokes nek eee 13/3/96 
Paterson, Dee 52 Eldon Street, Greenock ............seeeeeee 12/4/12 
Paterson, Ds, ” Solicitor, MOEN seescaceeb ocd iv asse<s ue te cennes 4/7/08 


Paterson, John, Bridge End, Wamphray, Beattock........ 4/12/08 


305 


310 


315 


320 


325 


330 


340 


345 


350 


355 


268 List OF MEMBERS. 

Paterson, James J., of Brocklehirst, Dumfries ............ 26/4/12 
Paton, Rev. Henry, 184 Mayfield Road, Edinburgh ... 21/11/08 
Patterson, W. H., HKastwood, Rae Street, Dumfries ...... 18/3/10 
Pattie, R., Buccleuch Street, Dumfries ...................04- 23/10/08 
Penman. A. C., Mile Ash, Dumiries...................0e00ce0e00s 18/6/01 
Penman, Mrs, Mile Ash, Dumfries .............2.s0c.cesseeeoee 17/10/05 
Philip, Rev. P., Manse of Kells, New-Galloway ............ 12/4/12 
Phyn, C.S., Procurator-Fiscal, Dumfries ..................++. 6/11/85 
Primrose, John, Solicitor, Dumfries ..............sescsscsosse 6/12/89 
Proudfoot, John, Ivy House, Moffat .................ceccecseevees 9/1/90 
Pryde, Rev. James J., Penpont Manse, Dumfriesshire... 12/4/12 
Ralston, Ci W., Dabton; ‘Thornhill’ \..o5--107.-sseeeeeeee eee 20/1/11 
Ramsay, Stuart, 4 Henry Street, Dumfries ............... 28/11/13 
Rankine, Adam, Newstead, Monkham’s Avenue, Wood- 

HOTA WN] DISts(a-eaM Mn uaOe IN Balad gins dea secs Serle eee ee 1/3/12 
Rankine, L., Dalswinton, Dumfries ..........................- 1/12/11 
Rawson, Robert, Millgreen, Maxwelltown .................. 4/10/07 
Redford, Sir KE. P. W., 8 Buckingham Terrace, Edin- 

DUT Baa casey eeaa dates cee cess alae Onnidneacaae nase ee acaba teaeeeee 12/4/12 

Reid, James, Chemist, Tarquah, Maxwelltown. 
Reid: Mrs Marauahy aircsceaoted teen uen = cosnast see ae ose eee CORE Eee 5/2/09 
Reid, R. C., Cleughbrae, Ruthwell ...............sccsccseceee 18/11/07 
Ritchie, Dr, Castle Street, Dumfries ....................0c0s008 26/4/12 
Robson, John, Westbourne, Maxwelltown ................... 25/5/95 
Robson! Dri J. De Maxwellitowneeessereeeeeetereee ee eee ee eenee 6/3/08 
Robertson, Rev. G. Philip, Sandhead U.F. Manse, Wig- 

HO WHSHITG, i sicawiev asics snetncech secs olansees these CE Ont Geen Eee eee 20/3/08 
Robison, Joseph, Journalist, Kirkcudbright ................ 12/6/09 
Robson, George H., National Bank House, Dumfries ... 17/11/11 
Jav@mxercsionn, Nikes, IMIENceiNO MDI  soocosnsconcHpdoonoboKEcHeacooscncos 19/2/09 
Ross, Dr J. Maxwell, Duntrune, Castle-Douglas Road ... 11/7/91 
Russell, George, of Newton, Dumfries ...................0000- 12/4/12 
*Rutherford, J., Jardington, Dumfries .................20000- /11/76 
Saffiey, DriJe, Park. Howse, Anna. -c-. ee becec eee 29/11/12 
Salmon, Thomas J., solicitor, Bank of Scotland Buildings, 

Boies) Que sucinnuis eeu os ctor etaeaen meee eae eee ae 12/4/12 
Samson, Mrs) (Burntoot,. Sanquidar. cares. seee ree eeeeree 29/11/12 
Saunders, Mrs, Rosebank, Lockerbie. 

Scott, Alexander, Solicitor, Amman ...........c.c.sesscsessceee 7/11/90 
Scott, Harry, The Knowe, Lockerbie ................2...00.000: 16/2/12 
Scott, R., 8 Upper Coltbridge Terrace, Murrayfield, Mid- 

lO thigan) i cicncsnesaccedceredacs sae aecee eet eRe ee eee 12/4/12 
Scott, S. H., Glebe Terrace, Dumfries ...............0.0---0-« 4/7/08 
Scott, W. S., Redcastle, Dalbeattic ..........cccccesecccceeees 14/1/98 
Scott; Dr W., Clarencefield: (o....c55.5..co.se oe ieeee 4/7/08 
Selby, W. M‘D., Portwilliam, Wigtownshire ................ 12/4/12 
Semple, Dr, D.Sc., Mile Ash, Dumfries ..............0....+- 12/6/01 
Shannon, John P., Noblehill Mill, Dumfries ............... 18/1/07 
Shaw, Wer Ly, iWioodbanikaElovels 2: see eee eee 29/11/12 
Simmie, R. L., 2 Nelson Street, Maxwelltown .............-: 14/5/14 
Simpson, G. D., The Academy, Dumfries .................... 16/2/12 
Sinclair, James, Langlands, Dumfries .........:...c:.c0cce 20/3/08 
Sloan, Re Jz) J.) Barbeth) WNewabbey) iss. eee eee 17/2/11 
Smart, J. T. W., Catherine Street, Dumfries ............ 18/12/08 
Smuthy Matthews Bellitteldt nvann sei itec. sacar cle ens aetna 10 1/18 
Smith, Mies, Llangarth, Maxwelltown .........sceceseseceeces 6/10/05 
Stark, W. J., 45 Castle Street, Dumfries .................. 31/10/13 
Steven, Robert, Colinton Bank, Colinton .............ececs0 12/4/12 
Stewart, Kdward O., yr. of Ardwell, Wigtownshire ....... 12/4/12 


Stewart, G. Macleod, Catherine Street, Dumfries ......... 4/11/10 


360 


370 


380 


385 


390 


395 


400 


405 


List or MEMBERS. 269 


Stewart, William, Shambellie, Newabbey ................6 21/12/06 
*Stobie, P., Beechwood Bank, DWMTIOS rene seacsasanate cee 3/11/76 
Stobie, "Mrs, Beechwood Bank, 1D Gs Tay piste he eaeente Poe corre reer” 17/2/11 
Stuart, Sir Thomas Anderson, M.D., LL.D., Lincluden, 

Double Bay, Sydney, tetanic. v.t.. acon 12/4/12 
Swan, J., ne, Weta tiie G2 is Gen lavactnen nee, 23/4/09 
Symington, A 7 OF SNe a 257 aR epee an ee AN 26/4/12 
Symons Conn Souetor, DumMiries: ji. .s.ps..scccsecssdstecesres 6/11/85 
‘Thompson, Mrs Al Inveresk, Castle Street, Dumfries 25/11/04 
Thomson, Mrs, George Street, Siri bic, dc dence 4/7/08 
‘!homson, Miss, c/o Miss Dunbar, Langlands, Dumtries. 
Thomson, G. Ramsay, George Street, Dumfries ........+--- 4/7/08 
Thomson, Dr J. C. , Beechgrove, } Maxwelltown ose aee ae 1/38/12 
‘Thorburn, Colonel Charles James, of Abbeybank, New- 

abbey Pears see Serato a esea one he Saniage cade cesinnssabiweaneces 12/4/12 
Turner, Alex., Provost of Maxwelltown .................00 17/10/05 
Tweedie, Alex., 43 Lady Street, Annan ..................... 24/7/09 
Waddell, J. B., Airlie, Beet, ot caoacaiupssnsposas 11/6/01 
Walker, Captain G. L., of Crawfordton, Thornhill ...... 21/10/10 
Wallace, eae Lochvale House, Lochmaben .........+++++- 7/10/92 
Wallace, Sir M. G., Terreglestown, Dumfries ............... 11/3/98 
Wallace, Profeaser ’ Robert, Holmhill, Thornhill, seseess « 12/4/12 
Wallace, Robert, Durham’ Villa, Dinah ries). v2s.ccssie seve 6/11/08 
Wallace, W. Williamson, Kelton, Dumfries .................. 26/4/12 
Watt, Miss, Crawford Villa, Johnstone Park, Dumfries ... 6/10/05 
Watson, George, Corsbie West, Newton-Stewart ......... 26/4/12 
Watson, Thos., Castlebank, bie Poisson sidered es s2.ac ens: 9/1/80 
Weatherstone, ‘Andw., Bank of Scotland House. Dumfries 1/12/05 
White, John, Aldworth, INO bei ie ties fesse oaks soba cten es! 28/7/06 
White, Mrs, Aldworth, TPR AT PSs f 0 ee a 28/7/06 
Whitelaw, a Wie Solicitor, DD MANIGSN basco tesesac dea Crease 6/11/85 
Wightman, Ake Post Office: DUMiiries ys. ieececss cee cscetsceess 18/12/07 
Wightman, T., 2 Bath Place, Mt aes coc ocisisnis seccaein anit 12/4/12 
Williamson, Rev. A. Wallace, D.D., 44 Palmerston Place, 

rads bed eee Nemes Aste gh OL inca Caan 26/3/12 
Will, Geo., Farm Manager, Crichton Royal Institution ... 28/7/06 
Wilson, Robert, SOMiGEOR | SAM GUNA se elcan cle hice seltee sine cen 15/6/12 
Wilson, Tom, 28 Quarmby Road, Gorton, Manchester ... 25/10/12 
Wilson, Mrs, Castledykes Cottage, Dumfries ...cccescceeee- 24/5/05 
Wilson, Miss, Castledykes Cottage, UD rberh artes aba se seen 24/2/06 
W ilson, Rev. ae Y., South U.F. Manse, Dumfries ......... 21/2/13 
Wilsore, Charles R. Davidson, Clonyard, Dalbeattie ...... 12/4/12 
Witham, Col. J. K. Maxwell, C.M.G., of Kirkconnel, 

Dumfries see tivamadkte eveeseeaee SemabeeatpemsuccousmuceedbeOee cleans 7/3/90 
Witham, Miss M., Kirkconnel, Dumfries ...................0. 6/2/90 
Wright, Robert, Roxburgh House, Annan Road ......... 14/5/14 
Yerburch, R. Ae. of Barwhillanty, per R. Powell, 25 

Kensington Gore, London, Seid taste rh acd 17/2/96 
Young, E. Denholm, W.S., 15 ‘Rutland Street, Edin- 

| Sura pesee or ec hs ance Snoemeaco acct: ROCSOCE Ty Doce aac cu Pree 12/4/12 
Younger, Colonel John, Langshawbush, Moffat ............ 12/4/12 


Youngson, Captain, Nythva, Victoria Road .................. 21/4/11 


2 


ld 


JEINAC d 


Abbey, Lanes of, Holywood ... 225-8, 250-2 


Yards, Holywood  ................0---2---000 228 
Abbott Ue WiSeaseseeccceeessscecconasssecnennns en 75 
Aberdeen, Matthew, Bishop of ......... 168 
Aberdour (AbirdOr) ...........ccceeeeeeneeeeee 208 
Aceine, see Aitken. 

Ach-na-Cree, Chambered Cairn ......... 124 


Ach-na-goul, Inveraray, Cairn, cham- 


1OXSNeG 16 be eqnedepatosnocoasASbacoSdqncccdetn 125, 129 
Act of Convention (1667) ...........-....+ 227 
Adam, the miller, Dumfries ......... 174-5 
JNIS ACH), © SoonconedaccseaceecspaceccsecoesdoDaLadcoo 71, 74 
Agathyrsi, DRG ....c.c.-cnececeeseeeneee-nnne== 127 
Agriculture, 1915: Corn crops, 146, 148, 

149; Harvest, 148-9; Hay, 147, 148, 

149: Meadow Hay Crop, 148; Oats, 

Destruction by Gulls, 140; Potato 


Planting, 147; Ryegrass and Meadow 
Crops, 148; Turnip Crop, 147, 148, 149 
Agricultural Produce, Destruction of, by 
Birds 135-144 
Aiket Muir, Comlongon, Coal Borings 202 


Aikton Churchyard ..............cccsssseeeees 46 
INTIS) (CRATE abonsesococnsespsnncopeccaseusendatoad 142 
Aird, Jon, in Auruch 255 


Aitken, Aceine, Johne of, Dumfries 94, 107 
Alan fitz Walter, Steward of Scotland 167 


Albany, Alexander, Duke of ............ 80 
INN@ENGVETE JOOS, © opcoccooodaneceoobcancanbeboadso 120 
Allan, Alane, Allane, Andrew ........ 88 
James, taylor, in Carsnaw ........ 257 
Allegiance, Oath of, etc., 1818 ......... 252 
Alpine Race of Man ........................ 76-7 
NGO OO, BOTAN A sooossc00ba0gs000000 126 
INTVEOD, ISON Ssscosncsacocnaoccoananososdodo 71 
Amuligane, Ameligane, Amyligane, Alex- 
ENIYG (ye) CosacaaquBssocadccnt poste 00 saaaCoecoc sa 221 
GEORGE! | ccsecteesccevesoos vers cones 191, 216, 217 
George, merchant, Tynroun ... 216, 217 
Gulbertieioeevecscrecssses sence: PAU, AN, ai 
Gilberts chy MOM mecrckecssescecee sec eeeens 190 
TBM ESM pawssepececesenscastaaseesouscers ore 201, 213 
FIG) a0 seragnaucnencoanucornocacees 193, 197, 204, 221 
UOIN VENTE aoSspcoceedoodooosadcoconneoubesoca 225 
John, in Holmis of Dalgarnok ...... 221 
Robert o.tiscisseessesserccrecemsceecess 216, 217 
Sir Stephen, chaplain ............... 94, 109 
THOM alssee Ly MLO Meeeetenseenseeeamecrecseree 190 
Andamanwislandsieeereeeeee rere eee ore 72 


Anderson, Andersone, Andersoun, Agnes, 
wife of John Maxwell, Dumfries 200 


Anderson, Andrew 
Herbert, clerk, Dumfries 177 
Herbert, notary public, Dumfries, 194, 

197, 199, 203, 205, 206, 209, 210; The 
Protocol Book (1541-1550) of (ed. by 
Sir P. J. Hamilton Grierson), 176-224 


eee eee wee eee ee 


Herbert, of Terrachtrye 176 
Aen, IDWS osopanaccoacnadsscsnuencs 202 
JOH Caistvcececesene se 187, 189, 193, 196, 201 
OM, e DUNT ICS een esec ee epemeeemeene teeta 218 
John, of Terrachtrye ............... 176, 214 
Niycoll Dumiinies! ssccce.s-deeeneenes 95, 108 
Anglo-Saxon Race of Man ............... 76 
Angus, Archibald, 5th Earl of ......... 90 
Animal Remains: Bones, Cave Bear, 
Ardennes, 252; Mauer, Heidelberg, 
75; Nerbudda Valley, India, 173; 


Pithecanthropus beds, Java, 73; Pilt- 
down, Sussex, 72-3; Soria, Spain, 73. 
Animals, Domestic: Cattle, Horses, 
Sheep, Swine, 77; Poultry, 247. 
Annan: Castle, 163; Churchyard, 42, 66; 
Old Churchyard, 35, 40, 41, 46, 59, 
69. 
Annandale granted to Robert de Brus by 
David I., 172; Confirmed to Robert 
de Brus by William the Lion, 172. 
Applegarth Churchyard, ... 43, 45, 48, 62 


Arbroath (St. Thomas), Abbey, 171; 
Henry, Abbot) ote ucc eve ete 168 
Ardis, Lands of, Corsmichell ............ 186 


Ardis, Lands of, Troqueer, 212, 221; Mill, 
Troqueer, 212. 
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, 9th Duke 
OF» -evais sieves neko SoS 115 
Argyleshire, Stone Age Cairn Burials 126 
ARMISTEAD, WILSON H.: Birds that 
are Land and Water Feeders 135-144 
Armorial Bearings, see Heraldry. 
Armstrong, Francis, Burgh Surveyor, 
Dumfries: <cusescacenereeeeeeee eee 183 
Arnemannocht, Lands of, Partoun .. 
ARNOTT, S.: Plant Superstitions ... 115 
Arthuret Churchyard, 35, 42, 43, 44, 46, 
48. 49, 50, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 68. 


Arwy, Lands of, Parton ................. 197 
WAISTO: Jadestsectesetaasectunceum rere 71, 74, 76, 77 
Asloan, * JOHN -v..0.s. sree eee 199 
Jonny Of) Cornbiehilliges-s es eoeeeeeeeee 214 
JOHN Ole Ganrochinsess ees ecereeeee 187, 189 
John, in Troqueer .............ccce0ee non ADE 


INDEX. 


SIGH re MCOHALOR cis dea ar wlepitoae oasis 191 
PERONUAR re cece scceussehcpacetonceesechevssacwssacs 218 
William, son of John, ............ 180, 203 


See also Sloan. 
Astronomy: Astronomical Notes for 1913, 


by John Rutherford ............... 156-157 
Athole, Malcolm, 2nd Earl of ........ 168 
MTS DES VY LUTAM, “ccvascssnsscutoaccuceesvsas 215 
AUTO HONCNION Mm MOCH hili2s; ccovevceredenaveavanse 27 
Auchenfranco, Auchentrankaugh, Farm, 


17, 20, 23, 26; Hall of, 197; Lands of, 
Lochrutton, 197. 


PEE DENYEOCI LOCH ) cecsardedesavaxsstncasaness 27 
Aucheulean, Stone Implements .. 75, 252 
Auld Water. See Cluden River. 

Aurignacian Stone Implements ......... 252 
BMPS uiareckeecct osasevsscctusscdsevaduussaeianeact 73 
Australians’ Coradgee Stone ............ 130 


Ayr, 158, 159, 160, 161, 171; Castellany, 
160; Castle, 160, 161; a Royal Burgh, 
160, 162. 


Babbinetoy (LOCH: .v..scss.i..ccasssvcessccackecs 27 
Bailie, Balze, M. William, doctor in 
medicine and prebendare of Pro- 
PNT nee nial covanavad sadoasetenackessy ates 83 
Baihicss SEOWELS: OL, .iiccsscacsscseneves 96, 100 
Bain, Joseph 
13] Pek) a ile Re ees ies 
Balfour, Sir James: ‘‘ Annals’”’ ...... 79 
AUD ES VEAL “JISC AU: vicccacccosvsscesavans 127 
Balls, black, used at ballots 127 
Baulmacleliane Churel asc.....ccsssseseres> 186 
Balnacane (Craufurdton), Barony of 
214, 217 
Bancharay, Laird of (1638) ............ 114 
PATIL a VULETD . “csscccesscececussncssetseneeccnes 123 
PeRMAUVTES, AGAM  c.cacvcecsccsstasetsaccstasee 198 
Agnes, relict of John Fergusson, 
RUE Matec cess schcs cceverveeccacwarteescs snies 212 
PROD GMa co nccdessoarc sates cos ceccusece secueceee 212 
IVVINEEI ANTE EM ACN St 5. sca cccadeaedacesastesivevaraceckce 212 
Bannoch, Andro, in Monegoffe ...... 256 
ExpUMAT NDS HASULETA o's c.cye crest cis cislore, clelele'aholeatrs 132 
Barcloy, Land of, Colvend ...... 193, 196 
PAE RCUAV C SETOTCILICS) (os c:cccn cleissicciaainiere 201 
ESPEN LAMM ERT Lerercte avi crave esis 0. s,ci8.sie cicteiole™ 12, 18 
ES ANTS CIO DENTIN Oo Metocte cio d etutraicicieve alevareiate 12 
Barndennoch, Nether, Lands of, Parton 
197 


Baronies held by Castleguard, 161-2, 171-3; 
Rights of, 96. 

Barquillach, Lands of, Parton ...... 197 

Bar euangse Ol, PATGON! 2s ccieccscence 197 

Barr Burn, 20, 24-5, 28; Farmhouse, Loch- 
rutton, 16, 25; Loch, 24-5. 


Bateman, Theodore: ‘Ten Years’ Dig- 
PORNO tetera aaa teialasie's tip ole! s\ere’s sie nlefsie > 126 
Bateyli Sun Offerings .............+4. 127 


Beaton, James, Archbishop of Glasgow, 
94, 107, 110 


Beattie, Bate, Baty, Andrew... .. .. 91 


PRIMNGSL-CAUASL DOR} LT Secs’ epics, cmon wets 91 
PORTH, WYMINICS tasy-act ccisis os whe sien’ 104 
Robert; Dummies”. Hi icas, shah casarccn'e © 253 
Becket, Thomas, Archbishop of Canter- 
LP) ER eT COOREABO H.C ICT OI CAT 171 
Beg, Johne, messinger ...........0«0 87 
Bek, John, Holywood 4 asc. ducticcnce 2235 
Sir Gilbert, chaplain ..........0<.. 187 
Bell si GOOLBG® oe siciare eiteteinleiwere coe 2535, 254 
Jobn, burgess of Kirkcudbright .. 203 
John; in’  Lochrubton: . .ciecccwes ess 201 
William, burgess, Dumfries ........ 209 
SGU E BION « o Sores. g7esprolels ctaratays.e’e n'y 104-5 
Bellebocht, Lands of, Glencairn .... 90 
Bellfield, Holywood ............ 230, 232 
GLOOM y BORTIC | cis’ en 'slcneh ecinteinincts 18 


Bennane, Nethirsyde of, Tynron .... 190 
Bensone, Bensoun, John, Dumfries .. 108 


PGMA ANUINOR Ya rc clatteieinas arcane aiteiasine 198 
Berkeley, Walter de, chamberlain .. 167 
BEEGONN  RODELU st aniceces cin catesteetcears 86 
BERWICK VORSHION vjciaty c1sih nemo oe cinieer er 163 
Berwickshire Baronies held by castle- 

PUAN siasintss sists hep arco elsicvs|e oxafo ojere 173 


Betwixt the Waters, Lands of .. 212, 213 

Bewcastle Churchyard 35, 57, 61, 62, 68; 
Cross; The Literary Histories of the 
Crosses at Ruthwell and Bewceastle 
(J. K. Hewison), 11. 

Birds: Birds that are Land and Water 
Feeders (W. H. Armistead) .. 135-144 


Aleedo ispida (Kingfisher) ........ 141-2 
Ardea cinerea (Heron) ........ 141, 142 


Corvus corone (Carrion crow) .... 143 
Corvus frugilegus (Crow).. 135, 137, 143 


Cotile riparia (Sandmartin) ........ 146 
Cuculus canorus (Cuckoo) ........ 146 
Erithacus rubecula melophilus (Robins) 

137 
Fratercula arctica (Puffins) ........ 142 


Hirundo rustica (Swallow) 146, 149 
Larus argentatus (Herring Gulls) 135-144 


Larus fuscus (Lesser Black-backed 

Gulls ist 365 dsee aces cseneeed 138, 143 

Larus marinus (Greater Black-backed 

MALI Goat eo ehsrafetece iaevewicte eGiyncle 138, 143 

Larus ridibundus (Black-headed Gulls) 

135-144 

Motacille (Wagtails) ..........ss0 137 
Phalacrocorax carbo (Cormorant) 

141, 143 

Phylloscopus trochilus (Willow Wren), 

146 

SHEN BSS (MENTS). so stespisis cteiek\slais sce wefe ccs 143 

Sturnus vulgaris (Starlings) ...... 143 


Tadorna cornuta (Sheldrake) ...... 143 
Turdus merula (Blackbirds) 
Turdus muscicus clarkei (Mavis) .. 145 
Uria troile (Guillimotes) 


272 


Birds: Vanellus vulgarus (Peewits).. 143 
Birkhall (Birkhill), Lands of, Holywood, 
225-7, 228, 2350 


Birkmyre, John, Dumfries .......... 199 
Bishope, David, bailie, Dumfries .... 253 
Black, Blak, Daue, Dumfries ........ 109 
DONNY esse sa cea aticeatete 199, 204, 205, 210 
Blackcroft, Lands of, Holywood .... 228 
Blakwoud, Besse, Dumfries ........ 109 
“UM avoyaavay IDNA soonesooocono00nG0 109 
Bloodwits, Bluidwits, Cases of, Dum- 
fries, 94-6, 100-1, 107-9; Courts of, 


83, 84-5, 86, 88, 93-101. 
Blyth, John, gardener, Ecclefechan 41 
Bodden, Bodene, Jon, in Monegoffe 256 


Ninean, in Monegoffe ............. 256 
SimOn ate elaais Aiicloei es role anisole 186 
Bodsbek, Bodisbek, Land of, .. 181, 215 


Bogrie Burn, 12, 13, 25; Valley, 17, 18, 
20, 24. 

Bordland of Culwen, Lands of .. 193, 196 

Bothwell, Adam, Hepburn, 2nd Earl of 


110 

BothwellsiCastle we wesc ecco 118 
Bowness-on-Solway Churchyard, 

38, 42, 48, 63 


Botany: Plant Superstitions (S. Arnott), 
115; Some Galloway Plants (List) (J. 
Fraser), 29-34. 

Anemone nemorosa (Wood Anemone) 
146 

Campanula rotundifolia (Hare Bell) 148 

Cardamine pratensis (Cuckoo Flower) 


146 
Castanea (Chestnut) .............. 147 
Corylus avellana (Hazel) .......... 145 


Crateagus Oxyacantha (Hawthorn) 147 
Crocus; pWellOWws aacumrccttireceiiee 145 
Crysanthemum Leucanthemum (Ox-Eye 


DAISY) iiss oone uelonaeehien emcees 148 
Fragaria (Garden Strawberry) .... 147 
Galanthus nivalus (Snowdrop) .... 145 
Mercurialis (Dog-Mercury) ........ 145 
Potentilla reptans (Strawberry-leaved 

Cinguetoil) fre ceeeee eho 146 
Primula vulgaris (Primrose).... 146, 147 
Prunus communis (Sloe) .......... 146 


Pyrus communis (Jargonelle Pear) 146 
Pprus malus (Blenheim Apple) .... 147 
Ranunculus ficaria (Lesser Celandine) 


145 
Ribes sanguineum (Flowering Currant) 

146 
Rosa canina (Wild Rose) .......... 148 
Scilla nutans (Wild Hyacinth) .... 147 
Syringa vulgaris (Lilac) ............ 147 
Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion) .. 146 
Tussilago Farfara ................+. 145 


Viola canina (Dog Violet) .... 146, 147 
Viola odorata (Sweet Violet) ..,... 146 


INDEX. 


Bracks DOCH? 62%). his ones esteem cee 27 
BEaACO, Waind Oe 658) = aceeerne cece 113 
Brampton Churchyard.... 37, 57, 58, 65, 68 
Branzery Walter: .\...)2.cc8 es eee enn 208 
Breedon, Leicester, Burial at ........ 126 
Bretnach, Gilendonrut ................ 166 
Brigend, Wand! Of -jcceecseee erences 195 


Bright, Henry A.: ‘‘Some Account of the 
Glenriddell MSS. of Burns’s Poems.” 


252 
Broad Taw. ws «22. esisacn s-seb een 27 
Broichan; the Druid 2.222 tees eee 131 
Bronze) Age; BULIals ete eeeees 121-9 


Brounrig, Burgh boundary at.. 82, 102-4 


Brown, Broun, Broune, Browne, Frank 
Balfour isis chines ae ee eee 254 
Ji; Of Garseleuth) <-cceeeeneeee eee 113 
JOHN seater 187, 189, 196, 201 
John, Dumiriess te s2eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 200 
Dr SOHN cs. 0cae Seed ee 248, 249 


Robert). ou: dacs cee cineca eee 208 
Bruce, C. M., of Burgie Lodge Farm 123 
Briice, Brus, Bruys, Robert de (1) .. 172 


Robert? de(2)ss. 4 eee eee 167, 172 
Brude, King -.x.<\cmssnwieteee eee eee 131 
Brumelandis, Lands of .............. 195 
Brun) Gilchrist, sono es eeeee eee 166 
Bruns Skully or vias eee eee 74 
Brycen Johns ec eee eee 199, 209 
Bryss, Sir John, chaplain ............ 188 

Williams Duminiesses. saree eeeeeeeee 104 
Buccleuch, sDukeofieeee eee eee 246 
Buk; Thomas: .c:ic.sl ee eee eee 88 
iBuranis) Lands Ohm eeeee eee eeeeee 195 
Burelschaw, Lands of, Kirkpatrick- 

DURE is alae ee ee »... 188, 201 
Burghead, Burials at ................ 129 
LEMMAS HW INON EY Grocoassusossoondcsccc 2c 158 
Burgie, Forres, Burial at ...... 123, 133 
Burials, Stone and Bronze Age .... 121-9 


Burnesyde, Merkland of, Giencairn .. 194 


Burnett, ——, of Leyis................ 113 
Burnie, Burne, Andro, Dumfries 95, 107 
Thome of) Duniiries) 2-4 eee eee 108 
Burns, Robert: ‘‘Last May a braw 
501012) SEMEL Gc Hatohcacd acceso 251 
Bury St. Edmunds, Skull of Man ..... 74 
Bute wishenyuaceseeces ates 137, 139 
Buttermere) Lakereepeee eee eee 27 
Byrkschawe, Lands of, Snayde ...... 216 


Caerlaverock Castle, 118; Engraving, by 
W. Daniell, 252; Churchyard, 70. 
Cairde, Gilbert, in Drumjohane ...... 255 
Thomas, in Drumjohane ........ Soad 0s) 
Cairn River 
Cairn, Chambered, Ach-na-Cree, 124; Ach- 
na-goul, Inveraray, 125, 129; Largie 
Farm, Crinan, 125. 
Cairns, Carnis, Adam ............. 555 oye 
DOWN -icieieie a areisiesalieieretsrate stele Colao or een OG 


INDEX. 


Cairns, John, son of William Cairns 204 


BGM Gia oh, c565 wnreceecanisoae nice vc celeste’ 222 
SVIUITANITY  ciesrsis bh waburn lenis tio.0.0a,cle nieen 204 
William, of Orchertoun ............ 222 
Caithness, Burials at ......s.cccceces 127 
Campbell, Miss, of Skerrington ...... 230 
Charles Murray Maxwell, of Cowhill 230 
S10 UD YOSAS <orear r Re iar eae 113 
James, in Drummellwantie ........ 255 
SPaaNEE PATI COLOUOCK. 5\ca tac visis:eieiassce eects 256 
Jon, in Glenshalloch: 2... c00<eeseces 255 
MAT OG Hof oI DAT Te cscs cieeis s cesibagleers 204 


Canonbie: Churchyard, 35, 38, 40, 41, 42 
45, 56, 59, 63, 64, 66, 67; Coal Borings, 
253. 

Capel (Keppal), 

Car, Thomas 

CarGiesland, Land of, Holywaad 

226, 228, 229, 230 

Cariingcroft, Lands of, Holywood 228, 230 

REA EMOLe Mocs sie otc bases ieiciclshsis's, 6 0o 9.0 160, 169 

Carlyle, Carlel, , of Limkills .... 69 

James, 3rd Lord, of Torthorwald, Jonet 


Scrymgeor, widow of ............ 208 

Michael, 4th Lord Carlyle, of Torthor- 

PWSUN CLE ety! orwistclatels.e Giatzio's geraa> 181, 195, 208 
William, 2nd Lord, of ‘Torthorwald 

85, 92 

Carmichaell, Beatrix, in Mains of Lin- 

MGI Meteo a aisles ea ae tas's ecia avers 207 

PROMI EDN Lereectaatne wiaia-shle s/olaiae/e"s(e bets’ Sistas 83 

WORT MOLeMeCMONAD  Ti)lacesicltccvasiees 89 


John, Sheriff Depute of Dumfries, son 
of William Carmichael, of that Ilk 
83, 84, 86, 106 


Willam;\ of that Tik .....60cc 84, 106 
Warneselloch, Lands; OF v2.56 .c. dene vee 204 
Carruthers, Carrutheris, James, Dum- 

AMOS Hay sxtelelclelsere soe ie tice eiecasigeees 219 

Sir James, chaplain, rector of Vamftrey 

201, 212 

John, Burgess of Dumfries ........ 203 

John, of Holmends ............ 103, 104 

John, of Holmendis ............ 192, 202 

Mariota, wife of Gilbert M‘Clellane, of 

PARIMACACHANC W155 veces ceiccic cee 202 

Sir Mark, rector of Moswald ........ 213 

PEUSGR Ges aeidiae nie oars xiao w ener es eane vale 

Roger, Burgess of Dumfries ...... 213 

William, son of John Carrutheris of 

PEMD UO OIS? jorcieraflirate tis na hoe halocesatoae 192 
Carrutheris of Holmains, Family .... 253 
Carruthers Churchyard ..........es000: 46 
CART ADE, GUATIS! OF 5 \.:0:0\0100:04-00 cc te ve'sive 83 
MONIC earn fake vieisie'e.ee bs ow baire'c 159, 171 
RGAERDHUESMIGLIIOD s cieyabien ic Sei’ ssa sinwees 193 
Ge AESUONO.  MODERE? is civ oslod soe sees vat 188 
RTALS WAGGA UIT, i ot Silas aw oe ceca es 23-24 
Cartna, William, Dumfries .......... 102 
Warwaeld- (Kernzeild): oc... ccicseseccdelen 211 


273 


Cassillis, David, 3rd Lord Kennedy, ist 
ADI ORE can cone cute ae Ne hele cyte as ois 110 
John, Kennedy, 6th Earl of ...... 113 
Castelpharne, Lands of, Glencairn .... 211 
Castle Gower, vitrified stones from.. 252 
Castlemains, Kirkcudbright, Lands of 120 
Castleward, Feudal Institution 161-2, 171-3 
Cawart, Cawert, Herbert, Dumfries 


188, 219 

Celtic Race Or Maw 2 is... coca uslee ease 77 
Challaces WiUVEr os betes cahanlouls sea 177 
Chalmer, Llizabeth, relict of Ninian 
Chreichtoun of Bellebocht ........ 205 
Chalmers, David, in Monegoffe ...... 256 
Charin stones from Darlington .... 131-2 
Chapellmark, Land of, Glencairn .... 209 
Charteris, Alexander ........ 179, 189, 190 
PAV ESO ORAS ROASTER OOD 195 
Elizabeth, wife of Robert Grahame of 
UMLOTTLY Mi eiesie cis aise cisiaove bale aia e'S aes a 195 
RMDIGS), -ntercvessy couiGin.t ss alm dee eo's-<iclcwes ek 211 
James, of the Hoile .......... 179, 190 
RUOLAN esto cicvasectete sian fojele bie ey Sule ew Uc wale’ 205 
John, in Kirkland of Glencairn .... 220 
Johne, of Amisfield ............ 103, 104 
John, of Kelvod, bailie of Dumfries 219 
vonn; Of Wiyndebillis' >... kecceede ss 195 
Sir John, vicar of Tynewald ........ 195 
ecards etcetera om Pein auomd cork 114, 254 
WOUEL Uw ecatn series cralieseisine s dee actos 195 
Robert, junior, in Auchinsloronehill 195 
Roger, of Bartympane ........ 179, 190 
Chellean Stone Implements .......... 73 
Church of Scotland, Glasgow Assembly, 
WOO stele ateoncve iajoksia eae *eneeaacorre 114 
Churches, Parish, Business Transactions 
MBs oterate tse einteiele 180, 186, 187, 188, 203 
Clach na _ Brataich, ‘Stone of the 
IB ANMIOT oy a retradiwaise Sooners sks oat 132 
Clauchrie* CloseDuri: s.sersccees se «6:0 0.0 86 
Clark FON pL LGQUEITM esate kane biside ss 201 
Clerk, George, Middlebie ............ 25) 
RCL ete ah Sas hs Sian ok He es a 187 
Clony, Lands of, Parton .............. 197 
Closeburn Churchyard ............ 47, 48 


Clovingalphalch, Lands of, Glencairn.. 90 
Cluden River (Auld Water), 17; Floods, 
1913, 146, 147. 


Coal, Borings for, Aiket Muir, 252; 
Canonby, 253; Linnbridge Ford, 
Kirkleton, 253; Repentance Hill, 253 

Cockburn, Cokburne, J., Clerkintyne, 
MAL ASISD Uiares cies edie lass <iuidideeeeniereets 113 

euMon i AITd, OL .'.. 0. coco cadences 248 

Coggert, Lands of, Parton ............ 197 


Coins, 257; Relative Value of, 1549, 180, 
217; Angel Nobles, Crowns of the 
Abbey, Crowns of Weight, French 
Crowns, Harry Nobles, Riders, 
Unicorns, 217. 


274 

Coitlandis, Lands of .................. 204 
Goittisn Alexander nee esnoeskeneeenee 215 
CoithisnUand SHOtermeirtereiecetrrstaeiec 195 
Colling, Thomas, Dumfries .......... 203 
(Crolkoyelagya IUCGEM Jonnasosacoascoc0n00000 27 


Colquhoune, Wmphra, of Ballbey .. 114 
Coltart, Coutart, Andro, in Holme .. 257 


Colter Toh ee sec clacestaenteeciite 205 
Colvend, 181; Borland of, ...... 193, 196 
Colville, Robert, of Ochiltree ........ 110 
Sir William, of Ochiltree .............. 86 
Comets: M94 s ne esromsere eeteiewreiviets 156-7 
Comlongan Castle, Armorial Bearings at 

56 
Conchie, Alexander, in Cawgell ...... 256 
CONE Oise Ratese cis Mae SESS te otslo Bie ees als 72 


Conheath, Conhayth, Kulenach, 167; Laird 
of, 202. 
Connelsoun, Sir Thomas, Notary Public 


203, 205 

Conraicht, Land of, Glencairn ...... 210 
Corauchie, Lands of, Parton .......... 197 
Corbre Hill, Landis of, Troqueir ...... 188 
Cormack, Cormock, Gilbert .......... 197 
J. F., Lockerbie, Death of ............ 9 
Corrie, Corre, Corry, Herbert ........ 204 
Herbert, in Bhonrniyiky yee. cee ee 195 
DONT li ae ieve ere reed e ey eae 202, 214 
Robert, in Overholme .............. 195 


Corrie Churchyard 

35, 45, 46, 49, 50, 54, 58, 64 
Corsock Loehincack cisco odes ee ee 27 
Corsane, Corswan, Herbert, Troqueir 214 


John, son of Herbert Corswan, Tro- 
GUE SocdoscnaossaponnnondsesdosodS 214 
Pawtoun of, Dempster, Dumfries .. 108 
Covenant, National, of 1638, 254: A 


Unique Example of (G. W. Shirley),, 
111-115. 

Coyenantersa cesses 250 

Cowhill: Fishings, 230, 231, 232, 233; 
House, Old, 233; Maynes of, 227, 228, 
229, 251, 252; Tower, Holywood, Notes 
on the Titles of (J. C. R. Macdonald), 
225-239. 


COUP AR MINE ASR eh poe LS A ay 112 
Connor VOW paccoocossasn000s0Gso0Hens 88 
Craigeaskie, Laird of (1638) .......... 114 
Craiglandis, Lands of ...............- 195 
Craik, ——, of Stewarton .............. 45 

Alexander min sHeSOnsmerecansneeer es 256 

Hen bert wats sree ee Ceasar 200 


Crauchley (Creighlaw), Laird of.. 79, 86 
Crawford, Craford, Duncan, of Drumphi 


114 

John, junior, Dumfries ............ 203 
John Lindsay, 10th Earl of Lindsay, 
dif thi MW arlnotheatee vac eis nieracde tree ane 113 


Crawfordton, Craufurdstoun (Balnacane), 
Barony of, 101, 209, 210, 214, 217; 
Lands of, 214, 


INDEX. 


Crechtoun, Crichton, Creichtoun, Andrew 
205 

Andrew 215 
Andrew, of Craufurdtoun 214, 218, 223 
Andrew, son of the Lord of Craufurd- 


Cr i a i ii i i ay 


GOUT. diss eealaaitre nui a eetaree eis terete 223 
Cuthbert, brother of Ninian Crechtoun 
in Auchintaggart ................ 217 
Edward ssni.te vice ce date contre 217, 218 
Edward, of Luberre ................ 204 
Edward, son of Sir Robert Crichton of 
SENG MUOE Sooneuosnaudcop 80, 84, 105 


Elizabeth, wife of William Douglas 3rd 
of Drumlanrig and Sir William Col- 


ville of Ochiltree .................. 86 
Harbert, brother of William, 5th Lord 

Crichton): \s...o: ieee eee 214, 217 
Das oes vieanda aie Se gee ee Oe E eee - 113 
JOHN iG. eks Nees eee PAGERABB OD ROO OA 218 
John, of Hartwood, Sheriff-Depute of 

IDWS sanoscesqso0- 83-5, 89-90, 105 
Movin, tay TEN Sep anoccaacacc 216, 217, 222 
John, of Kilpatrick .................. 90 
John, son of Andrew Creichtoun, of 

Cranuturdtont- cee eee 214, 217 
Ninian, in Auchintaggart .......... 217 
Ninian, of Bellebocht .............. 205 
Robert, of Kirkpatrick ............ 89-90 
Robert; of Riccartboneseee eee eee 80 


Sir Robert, of Sanquhar 80, 84, 86, 105 
Robert, ist Lord of Sanquhar.... 80, 98 
Sir Robert, 2nd Lord Sanquhar, heredi- 
tary Sheriff of Dumfries, 79, 80, 81, 83, 
84-90, 92-3, 97-9, 101, 105-7, 110-11 
Robert, 3rd Lord of Sanquhar .... 101 
Master Robert, rector of Sanquhar 
214, 217 
Thomas, 215, 217 
William, in Auchintaggart .... 214, 217 
William, 5th Lord of Sanquhar 
181, 204, 214, 217 
William, brother of William 5th Lord 


Ce ae 


Creichtouneeeeeereeee eer 214, 247 
Criminal Courts, Rights of Royal Burghs 
owe 000) Coen Ne aeons . 96, 100 
Croglin, Lands of, Tynron ............ 212 


Cromagnon Race of Man, 74, 75, 77; Stone 
Implements, 74. 
Crosbie, Corsbe, Corsbye, Daue, 
ELLOS)... dlsviak asic eee eee 109 
John, Dumfries) o-neeeeeeeeneee 104, 213 
Crosby-on-Eden Churchyard ........ 57, 58 
Crosses, Stone: The Literary. Histories 
of the Crosses at Ruthwell and Bew- 
castle (J. K. Hewison), 11; Dornock 
Churchyard, 69; Pennersax, 70; Tor- 
thorwald Churchyard, 70. 


Crossmichell, Barony of .............. 186 
Crummock Wiaterseceeee eee eeeeeee 27 
Crystal-gazing .......... Saoooboao DSS .»- 150 


INDEX. 


Crystals: Druidical use of, 126, 129; 
Superstitions relating to, 126-132. 
Culbertsoune, Jon, in Ardwell ...... 256 
William, in Ardwell ............e00 256 


Cummertrees Churchyard 
42, 44, 45, 47, 51, 63 


Cumming, Miss C. F. Gordon ........ 129 
Mmumrewe; WANS Of oscccsceecescsccnet 204 
Cunningham, Cunygham, Cunynghame, 
Alexander, of Glencairn .......... 219 
PRMD Pees oralvee sta c cslcsleeels os 199, 210 
PAMIRAMIR Ure rere cee oc a aiahcraie ajo aia e stetsvarste tic 204 
Andrew, son of John Cunynghame, of 
PS VERGGHAWE! lo iclelain/es,sie.ce ne acct 199, 216 
Christina, wife of John Creichtoun, of 
RTL RE TAIN UOTE 9 oi ain) x'o:kse.3 sl th esaierevatcye tt 217 
Cuthbert, of Castelpharne .......... 211 
Cuthbert, in Craignestane .......... 211 
MA WAGE UMETIOS fists. ccie'cccdice bleie ce Fag 104 
David, Bailie, Dumfries ...... 218, 219 
Elias (Helis), Bailie, Dumfries 202, 207 
MSE DEEEAMala has chal cic s/siniale swlcia c einaes coe aie 206 
PIECE ES crates ts cc's) 's fore cietdrecsidyayaiarene 216 
George, in Craignestoun ............ 205 
MUMIA ieerarelslajacieiclsiv's/o) cece cise wais.e 199, 206, 254 
TIDES PU e) ee ee eee ee 199 
UGE ET TEN Ce ee 256 
John, of Byrkschawe 210, 211, 216, 218 
OM UM MCIANGCHIIC! 4... d.scaec cee se cere 255 
John, Burgess of Dumfries ........ 213 
PONT. OL WATGAPTOCH! sce. ce. vec s/em ole 204 
DORM, OL Kerschawe: .is.c.<coueecces 195 


Sir John, Chaplain of the Vicarage of 
Troqueer, Prebendary of Lincloudane 
186, 187, 222 

Mariota, wife of Robert Cunningham 


OLSMONEETENATIC 262 ioe sKe cess ee s's 195 
Marjorie, relict of John Cunynghame of 
VIS GHAWEMs os caec.toscccice eis 210, 218 
RUNDE Seay schraisieie/ofein od OAR Ts « cratlan 186 
James, nephew of Sir John Cunyng- 
LEN ETT) Se Be eRe aESCT CaN Ra 222 
ROMO EEUN teenie viass Saas cerescea reece 222 
IPAM Pet aaaresc\ein’s 0's avvecssas nantes 189, 222 
Robert, of Auchenherve ............ 206 
MOBERES IN BarPallic oi. ce kere aaa 256 
Robert, of Haykat ............ 194, 206 
Robert, of Montgrenane (Midgrenane) 
195, 198 

Robert, son of John Cuningham of 
LOVTEERTEL EG) ee a eae mn 211 
Thomas, Dumfries .............. 104, 220 
INVERT ie iar x's,» 186, 195, 204, 216, 224 
Walliameon Craiganis: oo... cssscnces 217 
William, Burgess of Dumfries.. 83, 106 
William, Master of Glencairn ...... 222 
William, son of Alexander Cunyng- 
names of Glencsirn 0055. eases 219 
Cunningham, District of ............ 159 


Cunninghamheid, Laird of (1678) .... 113 


275 

CARTlOs A Oma way ae ties as th aig ko kiss0ietqre'e 252 
Curror, George, Dumfries ............ 209 
Dalhousie, William, 2nd Lord Ramsay, 1st 
CASI OF aw wtruincevaas smeses bia aata'we he © 113 
WOT». si vinistele’e sie'eiptaibiniereietiiarss we wee wails 248 
Dalquhbaimm Gorge) ..c.cesc sara cone x 17 
Dalrumpill,; Donald) s.ccccvesenswec tes 208 
WCU ATCA 5; -feratavarere wr oyalates Wi aia/etuis pa! onus ore 187 
Dalscone (Durisqwen, Durresquen), 


Burgh Boundary at, 82, 102-4; Moss, 
103. 
Dalswinton: Barony, 211; Loch, 248. 


Dalton Churechyard...... 41, 42, 47, 57, 58 
WIAIVGEM) CASS. ce suis «cas conc aenmabts 250, 251 
Dalzell, Dalziell, Robert, of that Ilk .. 83 
SR VOMTAN Mara tales ci cievani Gers totveitctatateleieaie 191 
William, of that Ilk, Sheriff Depute of 
WPUINETIOS ar sesieisiciloasion eae 79, 83, 86 
Daniell, William, Engraving of Caer- 
VAVEROCK, CASEIG: Mx cicrariv cise.o staan 252 
ANNUIDG eetsc ee senstes cs otter cists sQacies anal a 75 
Dargavile; Wands Of co cccn sence sionals 103 
Darglaw Hill, Lands of, Middlebie .. 252 
Darlington, Charm Stones from .... 131-2 
Darnayngill (Maxweltoun), Lands _ of, 
Glenegirn, oatecnccsie's 90, 210, 211, 218 
PPE VIGty i aeelemeetisw nea caer 159-60, 172 


Davidson, Davidsoune, James, Dumfries 9 
John, elder and younger, in Borland 255 
Richard, in Larglangly .............. 224 

Dean of Guild Court, Dumfries 95-6, 109 

Deans, Robert, in Todholewood ...... 50 

Dee River, Kirkcudbright, Harpoon from 

75 

Defoe, Daniel: ‘‘ Tour in Scotland ”’.. 250 


Demy NUDIAs Graves; abcess cscicoe 130 
Delavan, M., La Plata Observatory, 

AT SONUIN Orem ccichislocisse cede 156, 157 
Dempsters Office of. - siwccande-iteunticke . 95 


Dennam, Peter, of Crechane, 193, 216, 217 


Derbyshire; Barrows Of w.<-. ces. o.be. 128 
IDErWENT WALELY . acs 5 sieiic sn claire cere aibrelaccic 27 
DBSMeS ye CHG acc oss snes tincaieiscisols eons 3 159 
Dickie, William, Dumfries ............ 143 
Dicksone, Herbert, Dumfries ........ 253 

OETA a ratcyeteiesxisfotese' os oratele asters isto ates haces 216 


Dirom, General, Mount Annan: General 
View of the Mineralogy, or Internal 
Structure of Dumfriesshire, prepared 


for the county map .........6s..» 252 
DOD Ye WMA darn. (-ciarsatloeeeae cee 188 
Dolton ands ob a...ckt acieccencasne 204 
Donald, Andrew, Dumfries .......... 200 
Donaldson, Syme, Dumfries .......... 108 
Monnachalah; "Clam, 3. cw vessels ssecwe 132 
Dookers’ Bing, Colvend Shore ........ 143 


Dordogne, Skeletons of Man, 74; Stone 
Implements from, 252. 

Dornock Churchyard, 35, 40, 41, 42, 51, 54, 
66, 67, 69; Cross, 69. 


276 


Dougall, Lancelot ..................+- 208 
Dougalsoun, Fergus, in Killelong .. 
Mariota, wife of Thomas Thomson 222 


Douglas, Dowglais, Dowglas, Dougless, 
Alexander, in Dalnaw ............ 255 
Andro, in Drumrickloche .......... 255 
Archibald, in Lagbaes .............. 255 
Elizabeth, wife of James Andersoun, 
DMMB coocadadodcooabaconnoa0ne . 202 
Gi Gy RAWAL Soosdoncamo00000doce 113 
J., Scheref of Roxburghe .......... 113 
JAMES Heels oo cise ell oeiitatessteraielaleloialslere 212 


James, Douglas, 9th Earl of (1484).. 86 
John, rector of Kirkbryd, prebendary of 


incloudanemepncerere cence acc 191 
Lets: BéadodnoaddcodcaooaDnoaudcDR 254 
Petters ine Clonts)ccmijee clea leet erate 255 
UUoKo MAG Tse IG Vege addoncoccadeous 256.. 
Wis Oh Redheldels asec aciaciecicicie = eielate 113 
William, 3rd of Drumlanrig .......... 86 


Sir William, 5th of Drumlanrig 
85-6, 90, 92, 93, 101 


William, burgh officer, Dumfries .. 253 
Dowane, Jon, in Carsnaw ............ 256 
Dromorey harm. 257 OCH sneer 25 
Druidpark, Lands of, Holywood 225-7, 231-2 
Druids, Use of Crystals by ...... 126, 129 
Droumbex ands Ofmee seers 208 
Drumjowane, Lands of, Kirkandrews.. 202 
Drummond, Sir J., of Machaine ...... 113 
Drumschennoch, Lands of, Mortoun .. 208 
Drumsleit-wRaronyOleeeseeeee eee es 214 
Dryfesdale Churchyard ............ 37, 44 


Dumfries, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 199, 202, 
203, 204, 207, 209, 213, 218, 249; Aca- 
demy Street, 181; Assembly Street, 
183; Back Raw, 181, 199, 218; Bank of 
Scotland, 182; Bank Street, 86, 182; 
Bell, Town, 104-5; Bell’s Wynd, 181; 
** Birkhill’’ House, 184; Bluidwit, 
Cases of, 94-6, 100-1, 107-9; Bridge, 
Old, 182. 

Dumfries Burgh, attitude towards Sheriff 


of Dumfries, 81, 102; boundaries 
arbitration (1519), 82, 102-4; Court 
Books, 82, 94-96, 100, 107-110; De- 


fence (1523), 82, 104-5; Its Burghal 
Origin (G. Neilson), 157-176; Charter 
of James II., 96; Charter of James 
VI., 99; Charter of Robert III., 96; 
Lands, Common, 103; Preservation of 
order (1523), 82, 104-5; Right of 
Sheriffship, 83, 84-5, 86, 88, 93-101. 
Dumfries: Burns Street, 183; Castellany, 
161, 171; Castle, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168, 
170, 171, 174; Castledykes, 161, 168; 
Castledyes Chapel, 171; Castle- 
stead, Old, 164, 167, 168, 170; Castle 
Street, 181, 182; Castle-Douglas Road, 
184; Cavart’s Vennel, 182; Cemetery, 


INDFX. 


Dumfries: 

184; Chapel Hill, 181, 183; Chapel of 
the Castledikes, 171; Chapel of St. 
Thomas, 168, 170; Chapel of the 
Willies (Rig’s Chapel), 182-3, 188, 219; 
Chapel Street, 181; Chapel Yairds, 
182-3; Charters, Early, 166-9; Council 
Chambers, Old, 83; A County Town, 
161; County of, 172; Courts of Blood- 
wits, 83, 84-5, 86, 88, 93-101; Cress-well, 
Plan of, 252; Dean of Guild Court, 
95-6, 109; Dempster, 95; East Barn- 
raw, 183; English Street, 183; First 
Mention of, 166; Flosh-gallows, 184; 
Flosh-gallow-rig, 184; Friars’ Vennel, 
86, 181, 182, 183; Gallowaygate, 182; 
Gallows Close, 184, 253; Glebe Lands, 
183, 192. 

Dumfries: Greyfriars’ Convent, 86, 181; 
Church, 94, 107, 109, 182, 188, 189, 203; 
Church Gate, 182, 189; Lands in Tro- 
queer, 188. 

Dumfries: Greyfriars’ Street, 182; High 
Street, 83, 87, 181, 182, 183, 198, 218, 
219; Included in Galloway, 162; 
Inquest at, 174; Irishgate, 182; Irish 
Street, 182, 183, 219; Kerwyn Terrace, 

- 183; Kirkland Moat, 184; “‘ Larkfield ”’ 
House, 184; Lochmabengate, 183, 189, 
204, 209, 253; Lochmabengate Gallows, 
184, 204; Lochmabengate Port, 183; 
Lockerbie Road, 184; Loreburn Street, 
181, 182, 183; Marchhill, 253; Market 
Days Regulations (1523), 87, 105; 
Markets controlled by Dean, 96; Mid 
Raw, 181; Millgate, 183; Milnburn 
Brig, 182; Moffat Road, 184; Moor- 
heads’ Hospital, 184; Mote, 161; 
Nether Port, 183, 207; Nether Sand- 
beds, 182; New Entry, 183; Nith 
Place, 182; Passage under the Yairds, 
181, 182; Penthouse End, 183; Piess- 
hill, 184, 202; Port of the Vennel, 
183; Ports, 183; Provostship, 82, 83, 
95; Punnershill, 184; Queensberry 
Square, 182; Queensberry Street, 181; 
The Raid at, on Lammas Even, 1508 
(@. W. Shirley), 78-111; Rattanraw, 
181; Rig’s Chapel, 183; St. Andrew 
Street, 181; St. Christoper’s Chapel, 
183; St. David Street, 182; St. Mary’s 
Churchyard, 36, 51, 54, 65; St. Michael 
Street, 183: St. Michael Street School, 
183; St. Michael’s Church, 167, 168, 
170, 183; St. Michael’s Churchyard, 35, 
43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 60, 
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 167, 174; 
Sands, 87; School, 181-2, 198; Seal, 
Burgh, 98, 104; Shakespeare Street, 
182; Sheriff Court, 81; Sheriffship of, 


INDEX. 


Dumfries : 
80-1, 98; Southergate, 183; South 
Barnraws, 183; Squaremen’s Trade 
Minute Book, 252; Stakeford, 86; 
Stinking Vennel, 86, 182, 213; Stocks, 
101; Tolbooth, 81, 83, 87, 95, 100, 105, 
108; Topography, 181-4; Town Clerks, 
177; Townhead, 86, 181, 199, 220; 
Townhead Port, 183; Townhead 
Moat, 161; Trades Hall, 182; 
Vicarage Lands, 184, 203; Walis, 183. 

‘Dumfries Water Supply, 1913, 149-50; The 
Geology of Lochrutton, with Special 
Reference to (R. Wallace), 11-29; 
West Barnraws, 183. 

Dumfriesshire and Adjacent Counties, 
List of Armorial Bearings noted in 
(J. B. Irving), 35-70; Baronies held 
by Castleguard, 159, 161, 173; General 
View of Mineralogy of, Map by 
General Dirom, 252; Oath of Alle- 
«iance in 1818, 252. 


Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural 
History and Antiquarian Society, 
Annual Meeting, 9; Exchanges, 9, 


258-259; Exhibits, 254-7; Field Meet- 
ings, 1913, 245-251; Herbarium, 9; 
Library, 9; Members, List of, 261- 
269; Membership, 9; Museum, 9; Pre- 
sentations, 252-3; Secretary’s Report, 
9; Transactions, Cost of Printing, 10; 
Treasurer’s Accounts, 260. 
Dunbar, Arthore, of Machermior .... 254 
Gawine, Archbishop of Glasgow .... 191 
Master Gavin, Archdean of St. Andrews, 


Bishop of St. Andrews ...... 110, 111 
SMTi soe ereie Satan's v oa wie cueieiavonre 254, 257 
PUES Ren era Ao aici clei erase wieinioiainis sole stots 210 
Janet, wife of Ninian Glendonyng of 

PAULIN Sa clea ctewiclois.certieserce.e 184-5, 224 
DICTION PCHADLAIN: 5 ic.0.0.0.1. 0 vcicin wie sole 194 


Sir John, rector of Castelmylk 209, 210 


\WOCLUIST DY SOSH CROC CB ROCODE LET CSE SDE 254 
Duncan, Doncane, Earl .............. 168 
Jon, in Bardrochwood ...........% 256 
Son of Giibert, Lord of Galloway .. 166 
Dundas, —., of that Ilk ............ 113 


Dundee, Burials at, 129; Courts at, 175 


WME TONMAC CMDDEY * « sisiene’s es(cinccescoenis 50 
Dunegal, Radulf or Ranuif, son of .... 166 
Duneli, Jou, im Barony .....2........ 257 
Dungolsoun, John, Burgess of Kirkeud- 
DO SR RS eis Ainge 5 PISPIpIG) COREG Oe ROEIC 188 
LUTEGIT gad GU bon Beg Gr CUR DOEEnEUL Gre 186 


Dunkeld, Hugh de Sigillo, Bishop of 167 
John, the Scot, Bishop of .... 168, 170 


Dunkow, Holm of, Land of .......... 224 
Dunn, Dwne, Herbert, Town Clerk, Dum- 
PRIS ret reais hs cre pale elanisinitina mess 94, 109 


Dunscore Churchyard ............-. 38, 39 


277 


Durane, John, Notary Public, curate of 
Glasgow, and clerk of the Sheriff 
Court of Dumfries .... 84, 94, 106, 110 

Durham, Hugh, Bishop of .......... 169 

Durisdeer, 251; Churchyard, 47, 50, 62, 251 

Durisqwen (Durresquen, Dalscone).... 103 


Dutton’s Cairn, Lochrutton .... 17, 26-7 
DVRS: RODELU Ha ances lacie pintare wcle ete Caetd 198 
Dysart, Sir Michael, Rector of Suthik 188 
Easthill, Lochrutton ......cccccseevees 13 
Echinoderms: Star Fish .............. 141 
Edgar, Edzeare, Allan..........s.ss0. 211 
GIGINEN furs sewtrecs--ecaarctoure 193, 196, 197 
Cuthbert, son of John Edzar of Inglis- 
HOUG os pavenve sem avis wsieials wrawiee eta wis ne 221 
WANCU, MATEMANOGE «cir ces nesicre wane 222 
Janet, wife of Arthur Fergussone in 
Glencroscheoiicnecncse ces speanss 221 
ODN Cee sere sels ps 199, 200, 204, 206, 210 


John, of Inglistoun 
193-4, 196, 200, 204, 206, 219, 220, 221 
Martin, burgh officer, Dumfries 
218, 219, 220 


Patrick,| in< Cawgell .sincscccccisiss oc 256 
RCH ATG,. OO UMETIES) a cle retire <:e og sieve lacs 218 
RGPINs sD UMITICS varie oie ccs) e/ete owe ore 104 
ELCITU eters ravseay ctellorsreigss|<ieraieiettve. cis are eve 194 
Uchred, son of John Edgar of Ingliston 

200 


Edgarton Fort, Vitrified Stones from 252 

Edinburgh, Baronies held by Castleguard, 
173; Castle, 163; Greyfriars’ Church- 
yard, Covenant signed, 111; Magdalen 
Chapel, 115; Parliament House, Laigh, 
Covenant in, 111; Right of Sheriffship, 
96; Scottish National Museum of 
Antiquities, 124. 


Eglintoun, Alexander Montgomerie, 6th 
ATR ONT ova be elatcta Perera. sole ereim severance ore 113 

PVD Greet iotel aver sie Werstencineiie earteeme sere 71 

Elcho, David, Lord, see Wemyss 2nd Earl 
of. 

GING Os CASEI «sch csisiaticew cusses 172 


ELLIOT, G. F. SCOTT, 252; 
Man, 71-78. 
Elphinstoune, Harie, of Caderhall .... 113 
William, Archbishop of Aberdeen.. 110 
England, Neolithic Man in, 76; Primitive 
Culture in, 75. 


Primitive 


PINGErKin (PASS) eee cients Soiewisce 248, 249-51 
Erskine, Aerskine, —., of Dun ...... 113 
ATUDUT Nachle ewe cieereasisan.esanlnemaces 113 
Hrmengard, ‘Queen: \..2cc2encc0sces ccc 169 
AUP ODES nyerciem asec at Socaaceiale he oot te wee 71 
Evans, Dr John: ‘‘ Ancient Stone Imple- 
- ments in Great Britain” ........ 126 
Evil Eye Superstition ................ 126 
Ewart, John, of Bodisbek ............ 215 
John, son of John Ewart of Bodisbek 215 
PUROMAS scttclewas Sonate nes. dare pacattele 215 


278 INDEX. 


Ewes Churchyard ..........-- 49, 56, 67 
Faed, Tom, Engraving of, by James 
lDGYet We sLecoaowanognenonoagdooldus. 253 
WEI goacudoosoonobnSonooddoncéodsdne 253 
Fairlie, Farlie, Thomas ........ 206, 219 
Fairline, Farlein, Farline, —., Dumfries 
108 

Anny Ww0MIsEs cooccpecdosnogcacnoo 199 
MAINS cdoconenossooedcangacoodecocos 159 
Farlam Churchyard ................ 58, 64 
Faweill, Lands of ...................- 204 
Fawop, Fawhop, John .......... 213, 224 
Fawsyd, Sir Walter, Vicar Pensionary of 
Tow ONG! ~sogcanocooabunoouacoodKD 191 
Feckenham, Worcestershire .......... 165 
Fergusson, Fergussoun, —., of Craig- 
GEROMAING “cosconoccosacoecoboasens 113 
INGEN BososdcesoacoaungocoTdEKaoddORo 186 
INSANE Gostadcodsaccocausoodo00 86, 89 
INTO Tbe ude tengo Oo ene heOnoab 209, 210 
Andrew, son of Fergus Fergussoun of 
Stronschilloch e-em deceit: 194 
INAHTWIE Socodegage 194, 199, 211, 215, 220 
Arthur, in Glencrosche ............ 221 
Arthur, son of Thomas Fergusson, of 
Grate darroch 2-4-1 cieecies 209, 210 
BeSSOb a alse cctersarsaeienslec cera sreeyeneete 187 
@uthbert. 2eeeciieescee ces 209, 210, 221 


Cuthbert, of Glencrosche 
180, 194, 205, 220 


NGS dah Reon a Ber Gan GORA GS NEO EOC OBE StO 91 
Fergus, of Stronschilloch .......... 194 
INSERWIS, UAMOP Sonacasacquodcbo0aceD 209 
Isabella, daughter of Cuthbert Fer- 

BUSSOMM es ee aa ice ieee 180, 205 
Isabella, daughter of Thomas Fer- 

gusson of Craigdarroch .......... 211 
Isabella, wife of John Edgar of Inelis- 

COUN! Seciseiiccarresamie soning sae Sees 206 
dig titinasaedconancsonannepsoadoog 194, 197 


John, of Craigdarroch 86, 89-90, 93, 101 
John, son of John Fergussoun of Ile 211 
MOM, TN IAWTCMG sosedcacoccooscaccee 212 
Katrina, relict of Cuthbert Greysoun 186 
Mariota, wife of John Velche in 


Makcollestoun®esneereceeeecee eee 194 
Matthew, natural son of Thomas Fer- 

gusson of Craigdarroch ...... 209, 210 
Quintein, in Nethir Merkland ...... 199 
Roberti. cccscnaocseesee 86, 89, 91, 210 
Robert, of Craigdarroch ...... 195, 217 
Robert, junior, of Craigdarroch 211, 214 
PHOMAS acters eee 209, 210, 224 


Thomas, of Craigdarroch 
86, 89-90, 101, 194, 209, 210, 211 


Feuchlarg, Lands of, Snayde ........ 216 
Heudalismyeeees eee eee ees 157-160, 172-4 


Figi Islands, Worship of Pebbles in, 124 
Findlay, Andro, younger, in Laggane 257 


Findlaysoune, Finlaysone, Andro, in 


Rairinchtrie: shes. cst owsomeiece aces 255 
Andro, in Laggane .................. 256 
George, in Drumnaquhinzie ........ 256 
TOHN' sien con seis daneinse setae eles 254 
Quinteine, in Kiriachtrie .......... 255 


Quinteinne, in Littell Caldounes .. 255 

Fish: Destruction of, by Birds, 1357, 139- 

141; Restriction of Vision by Water, 
142. 


Phoxinus phoxinus (minnows) ...... 142 
Salmo salar (salmon) .............. 141 
Fishermen, Superstitions of, .......... 128 
Flodden; Battle off . 2.20.2 s.ce ene 101 
Fonts, Friars’ Carse ........sccs-sedes 70 
Foregirth Farm Dwelling-house ...... 233 


Forts, Kirkland Moat, Dumfries, 184; 
Castle Gower, Edgarton Fort, Mote of 
Mark, Mullach Fort, 252. 


FOSSUS! 0.5 Saicies oaeieen otelealete i ee eet 9 
Foulis, Sir W., Fear of Colintoun .... 113 
Kourmerkland Tower eeee-reee eee 54 
Howstoun; Sit) Jessen eee 113 
France, Neolithic Period in, ........ 75, 76 
FRASER, JAMES: Some Galloway Plants 

(Dist): sicaaawncc eee RCE EEE 29-34 


Friars’ Carse, Carved Stones, 70; Fonts, 70 
Frosse, Katherine, wife of John Scharp 


in) Amisfield °:7...3-cseneee eee 219 
Frude, Alexander, Burgess of Dumfries 203 
A Ko} s} tenn erneD Coos cocdcnaco 200 
Thomas, Bailie of Dumfries 192, 200, 202 
Furfooz Race of Man .............. 75, 76 
Galactitus (milkstone) .............. 132 
Garrel) Churchyard eeeeee eee 48 
Galloway, Fergus, Lord of ............ 163 
Gilbert, Lord of ................ 163, 166 
Roland, Dord) Of 2.2222. :.2.- 166, 169-70 
WenAEC WOK) OF soossoocces- 163, 164 


Galloway, 120, 159-166; Judges of, Meeting 
Places, 161; Malcolm IV.’s Campaigns 
against, 163; Norman Settlement of, 
159-166, 171; Scutage of, 162; Subject 
See to York Cathedral, 167; William 
the Lion’s Campaigns against, 164-7. 


Galley Hill, Skulls of Men ............ 74 
Garroch, Patrick, writer in Wigtoune 254 
Garthland, Laird of (1630) .......... 113 
(CennUNyD. IR@WS Io odocacsaccnasacece 121, 133 


Geology: The Geology of Lochrutton, 
with Special Reference to Water 
Supply (R. Wallace), 11-29; Arenig 
lava boulder, 24; Boulder Clay, 15; 
Eocene Period, 71; Gunz-Mindel Inter- 
glacial Epoch, 73; Gala Rocks, 13; 
Glacial Drift, 14, 15, 18-20, 22; 
Glaciation, 15, 18-20; Greywacke, 13, 
14, 22, 28; Ice Age, 14, 15, 18, 19-20, 
73, 74, 75, 77; Mindel-Riss Inter- 


INDEX. 279 


Geology: 

glacial Period, 73; Miocene Period, 71; 
Morainie Lochs, 20-21; Moraines, 18, 
19-20, 27; Pleistocene Period, 18, 72; 
Pliocene Period, 18, 71, 72, 73; Pre- 
Glacial River Valleys, 15-17, 19; Quart- 
zite, 127; Rissian Ice Age, 73, 74, 77; 
Riss-Wurm Intre-Glacial Period, 73, 
74; Rock Basin, 15; Sedimentation, 
23-7, 28; Shale, 13, 14, 19; Stream 
Erosion, 21-3; Tarannon Rocks, 13, 
28; 25-30 Feet Beach Periods, 22, 
75; Wurm Ice Age, 73, 75, 77. 


German, North, Race of Man .......... 76 
MEAIAR ROO Ticks 7e aycretain cht ants tives dusts tie pve eecelers 72 
GAPVOOSOUN, JODN: isceecacccccacccense 203 
GNSONe TM: MPEPIC. a ps.c cc cacue teas ele 113 
GUehrigt, son Of Brun’. .s.isicets sess 166 
VPIMEAV na SOT \OLt «5 cietwrs sic piste Su’ e dase sha 166 
Gilcomgal, MacGilblaan .............. 166 
Gillespie, William ................ 94, 109 
Gladstone, Gledstanis, Herbert, Rector of 
WIOENOCK ritmewe esse toes eas 83, 106 


Master Herbert, Dumfries, .... 182, 198 
HUGH S., ed.: Addenda to the Statisti- 
eal Account of Scotland, by Robert 


Riddell of Glenriddell .......... 10-11 
Robert, jun., Liverpool ............ 252 
Glan-nathair Crystal ..........ssceee 129 
Glanvil, SRANUIE «des Fi coces siocuacie See’ LOD. 


Glasgow, 160; Bishopric, 166; Church, 167; 
Governor of, 115; Joceline, Bishop of, 
167, 168, 169, 170; Town Council, 115. 

and South-Western Railway .... 230, 232 
Dumfries and Carlisle Railway Co. 232 

Glen Burn, 13, 14, 17; Gorge, 20, 25. 

Glencairn, William Cunningham, 3rd Earl 
of, Lord Kilmawris, 181, 193, 194, 198, 

199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 210 

Glencairn, Glencarne, Barony of, 195, 198, 
205, 211, 212, 217, 218, 220, 221; Castle, 
205, 206; Churchyard, 55; Lands of, 
90; Lordship of, 222; Parish, 181; Twa 
Merklands, 198, 206. 

Glencross, Glencorss, Alexander .... 206 

Alexander, of Stronschilloch 
194, 199, 204 
Alexander, son of Thomas Glencorss 


193, 208 
TETUIES! sei GO MOOR COROAC Ret or 194 
PIRI OV EAT SRES Be ois torascte loreioie ciossic aie alaiecercloia sjalpicte 193 
Thomas of Drumschennoch ........ 208 
Thomas, of Stronschilloch ........ 204 
Glendinning, Glendonyng, John .... 192-3 
wonn. in) ROMINOCH « hs.< 66.0 csnewec 198 
Onn. OL PATLON seecces ces 185, 187, 197 
PPR ENE UTA Mets RckY spi rar arb. v eke ova. « el ave.e cielo inva 198 
Ninian, of Parton .......... 185, 187, 197 
Glendinning, Langholm, Antimony Mine 
252 


Glendunwell, Davids. ccseccccecces cs ces 88 
Glengower, Lands of, Holywood 225-8, 231-2 
Glenjawin, Lands of, Glencairn ...... 205 
Glonmald Lands tOr. seek ese cat cre cette 204 
Glover, Sir Andrew, Rector of Tynvald 208 
Davids Dumftries*sscisges acs skies vee 219 
Isabella, daughter of David Glover, 
DWN TTLOR ese Foie eee os beat eke 219 
tobert, Burgess of Dumfries ...... 219 


Godstones, White Quartz Pebbles .... 129 
Gonds, Funeral Custom among .... 130 


Good, Robert, in Monegoffe .......... 256 
Gordon, Gordown, —., Laird of Craigh- 
RAN a eyereis a aie otaseieinie bata tal c stots forevessante ntoke 86 
Adam, in Inchbuchaine ............ 255 
SAAN LTRs RUISICE sree: cae cuciearsnicts se ecercnn 256 
PATER AMGEM) vialsiv:s aa'sts ole cleled area eistana cers 253 
AlEXGnGer, an, ATGISo nccac.c care vee os 185 
Alexander, of, Erlistoune .......... 113 


Alexander, in Scheirmaris 185, 187, 222 
Besseta, wife of John Glendonyng of 


PATON awe Separate orale an, pain eh asele « spare onci 185 
David, in Markbreck ...............- 222 
GOOLE OW eras cicjotaisteme avers cis pis le aisiace crsiswieie 253 
George, in Kirriekenen .......... 255 
Dey Ole AWONIAME Veg ceile (sien sie ue oid's tte. aie 114 
SY EUIEIOS Peers tensisncletstorsierctaye)s:¢/0.51< sincato'evea/ateuala 208 
Jonat, wife of William Cunningham, 

Master of Glencairn .............. 222 
DOM ate cco sialchicoacle bistosicelbaaes 113, 205 
Jobny OF “Blakey sis ccdecw-dsiee 180, 212 
Johnne, of Cardynes ........ 113, 114 
von, in Craigginkalzie .............. 256 
MOMs, Ine neh UCHAING: ss. 1ciis.«\cineteeee 255 
DOT TEI IE VITOOCHE © calc stacs/e/s's aot alee 255 
Thomas, in Inchbuchaine .......... 255 
West OL SMINMENS eerie aeis tie ae oat es 113 
Wint., in Inchbuchaine ss/.0.% sass coc 255 

Gowerlaw, see Gurlaw. 

Gown of Rouen Russet ........ 179, 187 

Grahame, Ghrame, Adam.............. 195 
David, in Corstinchell .............. 185 
Jon, in Drumnaquhinzie .......... 256 
Patrick, son of Walter Graham .... 91 

Robert, Provost, Dumfries .......... 253 
Robert, of Gillesbie .............. 86, 91 
ROPErs Ol, NOLEN Varnes Bees s sisccies 195 
Ronald, Water of Corry ............ 91. 
WieeG-s, Ol MUIFSIOGY .o5.0.:ch 20 ows 225, 232 
IVE AMOR tonmrbtancre staleisvenie sx a'kacs,<0' «aed 91 
Wilbieimn, (fe PNGOUM stencils be ne ceca 113 

Cirsive AIGRANGCI. kinrcicecwce sc ct.ces 254, 255 
PATI Water ait retatelct ic refer a ia/cle/eraie’s 6:10 254 
AMG S Pe. rlceclatfins aieicicre.cassiete soles 254, 255 
Laurence, Notary Public .......... 257 

GEEEN WEN CANON ocfauincias sede ce wes 0c 124 

Grenlaw, Master Hugo, commissary be- 

low the parts of Nith ........ 94, 107 

Grenane, Lands of, Penpont .......... 215 


Grenelle Race of Man .....sesscesesvers 75 


280 


Gretna (Gretenhou), 167, 170; Churchyard, 
36, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 56, 60, 66, 
67. 
Grey Mare’s Tail ..........-----.++-:- 28 
Greystoneflatts, Lands of, Holywood 
228, 231 
Grierson, Greirsone, Grier, Agnes, relict 
of John Gordoun of Blaket, wife of 
Thomas Wilson of Croglin 180, 212, 218 


INTONEGNY conosnsonoGuooabongonnesado‘e 200 
Andrew, in Auchingassel .......... 221 
(Gi NAAH HaccnoootonodoosoodHbodeodDS 197 
Cuthbert, in Ardis ...............+5- 186 
Cuthbert, in Dalskairth ............ 216.. 
Cuthbert, brother of John Greirsone of 
Tide isaeasnce access 912, 214, 215, 224 
Gilbert ......-... 190, 197, 213, 214, 221 
Gilbert, in Craignie ................ 215 
Gilbert, of Dalmaccurane .......... 215 
Gilbert, of Daltoun ............ 180, 212 
Gilbert, in Kirkbride .............. 218 


Gilbert, brother of John Greirsone of 


IIE gugoucan oan opogedh 212, 213, 224 
HIG Tye Payhcasvsiene salons tetera eye 212, 221 
digs OV MOMNVAIES AGeadnacooogopogdancedoo 113 
Siiesd ReunHoorsaoasonebEeod dosbigonnene 113 
VAMOS sce cvaste nee ae Gale atone ware eet te 214 
Jean, daughter of Thomas Grierson of 

Baran gemercriisoie ceo 178 
HOON osc oMAnrocEsaabonoose 94, 109, 186 
John, of Dalmacurane ........ 180, 205 


John, of Lag 
197, 201, 212, 213, 214, 215, 221, 224 


John, Under the Vod .............. 191 
John, in Vodheid, Troqueer.... 187, 201 
IPERS AHA HET 6 Heincind REOmaD COMBO OUOOOS 212 
Peter, in Inglistoun ................ 210 
ROD OTE coayecisisisicte ters fore eat niate elererevoreie chetore 210 
Robert, in Cormuligane ............ 218 
Robert, in Inglistoun 200, 211, 215, 218 
ROS OTe arcyateseleferessiereinicievere cietelorereiieletsicrare 215 
Thomas, younger of Barjarg ........ 178 


William, son of John Grierson of Lag 
212, 213, 221 


Griersons Of Lag ........--.eeseeeeee 180 
Grimaldieeanyrccsiecanecaricce eeewes cre 74 
Grinsdale Churchyard ................ 63 
GrovenGoreeriearates cece caeiecncisieae 20 
Guatemala, Customs im .............. 130 
Gurlaw, Govrlaw, Charles, Dumfries 204 
Thomas Chaplainiyecriee cere 188 
Watte, dempster, Dumfries ........ 101 
Hailes, David Dalrymple, Lord ...... 160 
Haining, Hanying, Sir Andrew, Vicar of 
DUNSCOM eee nc mis ste sitions elton 211 
Hairstane Moss, Lochar Moss ........ 219 
Haiste, Sir Thomas, Chaplain ........ 196 
Hall, David, in Corrimains ............ 35 
FaMESmniMUsKNOW! leases aisles sacele wre 35 


Halliburton, John, of Askerton ...... 35 


INDEX. 


Halliday, Sir Andrew, Deputy Inspector- 


General of Hospitals ............ 35 
James, of Locharbriggs ............ 35 
John, innkeeper, Annan ............ 35 
Jok, dempster, Dumfries ............ 108 

Hamilton, Hamiltoun, Hamylton, Hamel- 

ton, James, Belstene ............ 113 
OWN’ stevcke olveeiestocioeis wraretele ates Ris cate 254 
John, in Lockerbie ................-. 35 
1°40) 01) HREM Sonora A cH oDADasaAads 114 
Robert, of Binning .............. 113 
Robert of, Dumfries ...... 95, 108, 109 


HAMILTON-GRIERSON, SIR PHILIP J.: 


The Protocol Book (1541-1550) of 
Herbert Anderson, Notary in Dumfries 

. 176-224 
Hannays Hereus <2 ci eee 198 
James, in Ernemolloch .............. 200 
James, son ef John Hannay in Craigvild 
200 

John; in) Craigvild! yeep eee 200 
Robert, merchant, Glasgow .......... 35 
Hannavy, Thomas, 94 High Street. Dum- 
FICS ho. eS Eee eee 83 


Harding, Christopher, of Readhill .... 36 
Harkness, George, in Crowsknow .... 36 


James, in Lockerben .............++. 250 
Nicholas) cv j.0 is 55 Seles he ote eee 201 
Richards iMarchhill ee ssseeeeee eee 36 
Thomas, in Lockerben .............. 250 
Harper, Robert, in Holyvod .......... 223 
Thomas, cellarius ...........<...+-- 192 
Thomas, brugess of Dumfries ...... 224 
William 5. i iccdiccet. 5 atetkoneemens 211 
Harrison, George, of Linethwaite ...... 36 
Hartfell, James, Lord Johnstone, ist Earl 
(0) reer SO ON REE AtG S5.6 pio 113 


Hartington, Derbyshire, Burial at .... 126 
Hastie, Dr William, Professor of Divinity, 


Glasgow University .............. 246 
Hauser, Dr, se iitsad nels ee eee eee 252 
Hawknest, Lands of, Parton ........ 197 
Hay, Daniell, Finlamont ............ 114 

FAMES ye sd ae ee oa eee 216 
John, 2nd Lord, of Yester .......... 89 
John, 4th Lord, of Yester ...... 181, 215 
Haykaty,) John: 5.02 sae onto eeetoe 191 
Henderson, Hendryson, Henryson, Andrew, 
Ine Mainholmiaace cele eee eee 36 
WAMES Fs cicisel eae eee eee ee 215 
Maister James, Justice-Clerk 98, 99, 110 
John; in) Cowihat a aeericee aces 3 
Jon, in Holmes seeeeecrecere: sae 255 
Thomas, of Broomhill, minister at 
Grathey )/20)5. Bek. Bere ee 36 
William, in) Kirkeroft a... .s.eeeeee: 36 
Henrys Wee se eerie 163, 164-6, 169-70 
Hepburn, George, Abbot of Arbroath 110 
Jchn, Prior of St. Andrews ........ 110 
Patrik, of Wauchtune ..... Bre a tke 


—— ee 


Heraldry: Armorial Bearings noted in 
Dumfriesshire and Adjacent Counties, 


INDEX. 281 
Holliday, Holiday, Andrew ........... 35 
George, in Whiniridge .............. 35 
List of (J. B. Irving) ............ 35-70 Mary, wife of William Irving, in 
Herries, Heris, Herris, Heres, Alexander Wicketthorn ....... Sante Sahar OOO aL: 
193, 196 John, in Auchinbedridge ............ 35 
Archibald, of Madinpaupe ........ 224 Robert, in Gulelands .............. a. 36 
Edward, in Knockilschyinoch ...... 224 
George, Troqueer ........0cc000 201, 214 
SHEA Sheen clelevalie'c’s(e is 10k) o:6 sieve Relvisinre seen) BoA 
SRASTERI Se AMETALGY® Se hiaveyetirciavals ss seine ale Oe 5ie . 200 
John, in Drumjowane .............. 200 
Robert, minister of Dryssdal ........ 37 
Obert Or Maby....s0saccews he 193, 196 
AYALA T WANING | 5 c.0/ois’s\oreinisic sivienisisiewes « 36-7 
Herron, Heirreane, Herroune, Alexander, 
PNA SE OMOR cies te sare sian cisiaisigietere ovelse she 256 
AMANO wgraeta caielacnctelestagere beieeles Seer ssye 
Andro, in Kirouchtrie .............. 254 
Archibald, in Glengruboch ........ 255 
Cristiane, Dumfries .............. 95, 108 
George, in Kirochtrie .............. 256 
Gilbert, in Meiklecarse ............ 256 
James, in Drumjohane .............. 255 
Jon, in’ Auchenlack ....0.cccceecens 256 
Jon, in’ Drumnaucht . 1. ccc. ecces 256 
Mingo ins Kirkland! 235i... sess as ans 255 
Patrik, of Kirrouchrie .............. 254 
Thomas, in Meiklecarse ............ 256 
Hetherington, —., of Hollinstone .... 37 
—— One Orchet: THOUSG  s5cu ccc ce cece 37 
=O WV ALUOD. * clears ayeraiaie'cle/eleras ale se clove 37 
James, of Hollinstone .............. 37 
James, of Hurtleton .,.............. 37 
James, of the Temonhillhead ...... 37 
apn Ol: ACE Hall ict: cignec sta ener 37 
Heuchane, Alexander, in Bardrochwood 
257 
Alexander, in Greddock ............ 257 
Jon, in Bardrochwood .............. 256 
wonnes im Cawegell o oss ssceciisieedes 256 
Patriky vin, Bareaillie ...c.iesceccees 256 
Thomas, in Bardrochwood .......... 256 
Mhomas; In (CAWSElL.<scee caves cece ce 256 
See also Hucheon. 
Hewet, John, of Batinbush .......... 37 


HEWISON, REV. J. KING: The Literary 
Histories of the Crosses at Ruthwell 


SEEM ESC IVC OSGIO o'alcls nisley dc cla catnat« sah 
Highlanders, Scottish, use of Cure Stones 
PURAC ett Rees aes atre craafert eae a eve acle 131 
Biilisn@ashie, 54> ATMS,” « ais ecis/ec neha sels 61 
EP UIRS eee EU cretetctaclgraciv clasts tives s vlevceanares 12 


Hoddom, 181; Churchyard, 36, 38, 39, 42, 
60, 68; Churchyard, Old, 40, 41, 46, 50 
Hodgson, Hodgion, C. B., Harker Grange 


38 

John, of Carlisle and Bowness ...... 38 
MONT wOLe WU OSDOM s/otisisisisisic's 0 cacleeae cele 38 
Hogg, John, in Mwmbiehurst .......... 38 


Hoip, see Hope. 


See also Halliday. 
Holme Cultram Churchyard, 36, 59, 70; 
Abbot’s Stone, 70. 
Holm of Dargarnock, Lands of .. 212, 221 
Holywood Abbey, 225, 230; Lands belong- 
ing to, 199; Barony of, 223; Church, 
Valued Rent, 229; Churchyard, 46, 54, 
64, 69; Manse, 229; Newton, Lands of, 
223; Townhead, Lands of, 228. 
Holywood, Parish of, Valuation (1667) 227 


Hope, Hoip, Adam, Parton .......... 185 
Rev. PORN, UNSCOPG) ein'scicaclsc's e's’ 0/0 38 
Captain, R.N., St. Mary’s Isle 119, 120-1 
Sir Thomas, of Craighall ............ 178 
Wma l MARRTANG! select leew esteans 38 
William; “Parton <c.cclccseclsscieteecsae 185 

IROLDAT mae ats olcte wr a ctereleic wre Midtaleerewteeee 197 
PEHOIMDA SS cvieioeueistieie! telviahia isteissetee ced 201 

Mon ehyon (CHUTch yard er ciccseisc cis c'ces 38 


Hounam, Robert, joiner, Canonbie .... 38 
Houston, see Hustoun. 
How, Johne of, dempster, Dumfries .. 109 


Howat, Kirkpatrick, of Mabie ........ 38 
Hucheon, Howchaine, George, Dumfries 
209 

31) ERR EROGEL Ie AUER OCTET OC EIT RIOR 197 
JOHNE! MUMMIES, pia cieeine so sieibc's a te cts 101 
Hulton (Holetoun), Lands of, Holywood 
231, 232 

Hunter, Mrs, Killylone 2.200 ssc. oe 225 
PON taste ti Neier sieeve s cle see nee eae 213, 216 
VOUT sIMMKMOCKUM eect oe aes acres 38 
Thomas, in Auchenbrak ............ 191 
Thomas, in Craigencoon .......... oe 
Roberts ani Milnflate. csccce.. esis veces 39 
ROMER. In ravtrowoc, sscsecccsee ss « 38 
Wicitancovartlsteststictecine seb ciecetacesceten 254 
Wirllivcinaige wisvcsststtarersrste biaraierels ere aio as cae 208 
William, Notary Public ........ 254, 257 


Huntingdon, David, Earl of 167, 169, 170 
Hustoun, Hustin, Sir George, Chaplain 211 

James, Dunscore 
Hutchison, Huichison, J., in Brous .... 41 
Hutton, Hwtoun, Nycoll of, Dumfries 108 


Thome\or; Dumfries os. eas ste ce 108 
Hutton Churchyard ............ 55, 62, 63 
Rend Wo ONMS » wecccascer ese acs cesses o 196 
Mynditordy WarlsOly tc.canceccoseenee as 84 
Hyslop, Andrew, in Millhead .......... 39 


Inglistoun, Carss and Mains of, Glencairn, 
220, 221; Lordship of, 220; Ovirsyde of 
Nethir Farthing of, Glencairn, 200; 
Oversyde of Mydfarthing of, Glen- 
cairn, 206; Overfarthing of, Glencairn, 


206. 


282 

India, 126; Southern, 71; Worship of 
Pebbles in, 124. 

EMA VaANS sy RE pees ietoreco lercvewvierclovereiereroieve 76 

Indo-Malayan Ocean Islands ........ 71 

Imnes COSMO casera seers 174 


Insects: Coleoptera, 139, 140; A List of 
the Coleoptera of the Solway Dis- 
trict (B. M‘Gowan), 2354-44. 

Diptera: Tipulidae (Crane flies) .... 140 


Hymenoptera (Wasp) ........ 147, 149 
Lepidoptera: (Butterflies) 138-9 
Epinephele janira (Meadow Brown 
Butterthy)/ erecaceciacnensceene 148 
Pieris rapze (Small White Butterfly) 
147 

Neuroptera: Epheniera dancia (May Fly, 
Greens Drake) serecceceen coer 141 
Isle of Cumbrae, Burials at .......... 128 
TMG ACTOS Ae eiclerranvanva reer ete ee ner ctetre 257 
AM VERNESS Nayeven Merton ciehee emieeys amen 171 


Ireland, Irland, Sir John, Chaplain .... 188 
Thomas, Dumfries 
Ireland, Neolithic Man in ............ 76 
Irthington Churchyard 
56, 37, 48, 49, 59, 67, 70 
Irving, Iruing, Irwin (List) ...... 39-42 
Herbert in Trailtrow .............. 201 
Isobel, wife of John Holiday in Auchen- 
bedridge 35, 40 
J. BELL: List of Armorial Bearings 
noted in Dumfriesshire and Adjacent 


Countiesressecnesincnih incor eis 35-70 
dG UHEN aisnanaadonaaruomana soanoncaGsos 208 
PONT eran da hricts eel ine arse eae he cece 208 
William, merchant burgess, Dumfries, 

253 

William, younger, merchant, Dumfries 
253 

William, in Hoille .................. 208 
IEMA, ZBINS GoonosonaccoocacaoKs 39-42 
Isle, Ile, Land of, Kirkmahoe, 211; 


Mansion of, 211. 
Isle of Man Fishermen, Superstitions of 


128 

Italians, Superstitions of ........ 126, 132 
Ti aly core srderctovalsnyneiumebiacreieekranecione 72, 76 
Jacksoun, David .................... 190 
Jackson, Elizabeth, Cummertrees .... 42 
Jacksoun, Sir John .................. 190 
TAME AUD es ea is Cae sete senna ay cinle acre neato 99 
UES IVS socsosonuc 78, 80, 87-8, 97, 98-9 
Jameson, Sir John, chaplain .... 197, 215 
Jardine, —., Jarden, of lLanrick and 
GOLri cia Aes Ly area ae ee a 43 
James, of Dryfeholm .............. 43 
JAMES)! (SULVEY ON We seieeceeiecscice 252 
John, in Hoddom Mains .......... 43 
John, in Lockerby .............. 43, 62 
Margaret, Dumfries) f-eesmccesee ses 202 
NICHOLAS ieeeeeieeee esas aodobGon 198 


INDEX. 


Jardine, Ninian ,..........seeeseeee 202 
R., Cress-well, Dumfries ........ 252 
William, of Appilgarth ...,........ 202 
William, surgeon, R.N. .............. 43 
IMenoby, ANAINS Goonaccocdaacadacodc oes 45 

Java, Pithecanthropus Beds .......... 73 

Jedburgh Castle 02.0... cnnie- were 163 

Jefferson, George, of Moorstow ...... 43 

Jedburgh, Lands of, Glencairn ...... 101 

John, Master, Rector of the Schools of 

Drontres |. 5 6.....s2s 4. ose 182 
Jon, Herbert, of Petteraw «........... 200 
Johnston, Johnstoun, Johnestoun, Jon- 

stoun (List), ic<.scesseeoee 43-47 

<=),0f Clochry--sji..10. tere eee 45 
Bryce, minister of Holywood........ 230 
Vice-Admiral Charles James, of Cowhill 
232 

David » 6. jaws es jsiiets ase eee 91 
David, Abbey, Holywood .......... 225 
Eduard, Dumfries .............. 104, 202 
Gavin, in Kirktoun ........-....... 224 
George, of Cowhill .............. 230-2 
Herbert acs ats.caocnee een 207 
Herbert, son of Edward Johnstoun, bur- 
gess of Dumfries ....-......-.-.--- 202 
James, of Blacklaw ................ 224 


James, Lord, see Hartfell, 1st Earl of. 

James, Laird of Johnstone, Warden of 
the Western Marches (1504-23) 

86, 87, 91, 92 

James, Of (Skane: sans ecee ee cen 91 

Janet (Jonet), wife of John Ewart of 


Bodisbek ......... vila. cteatererene nee 215 
DOWN i.e Se saisiciels oni uate eee ERE .. 192 
Sir John, chaplain .................. 213 
John, of that Tk (1438-1493) ........ 91 


John, Laird of Johnstone (1527-1567) 86 


John, son of Thomas Johnstone of 
Cragoburne®.¥ ssc): oh sso nee cee 215 
John, in Bartycupane (Bartympane) 91 
John. of Wamfray ................-- 91 
Robert, in Coittis .................. 195 
Roger, burgess of Drumfres ........ 192 
SYMON :.«..4\:-. sistent eee eee 207 
Thomas, of Cragoburne ............ 215 
Thomas, of Gartno .............-...- 91 
General Thomas Henry, of Carnsalloch, 
233 

William, of Cowhill .............. 232-3 
Family, Arms) 5 .c2hne ee eee 43-7 
Joly, Master James, Vicar of Dalry.. 186 
JWR A asl shai byes bey aravetenave gue teterelane COTO eee 142 
JUFISdICbION A CUIEE EEE eee eee Leer ere 100 
UiNginineyay (COIN Gogogooaogaccooscodues 100 
Kaye, Esbell, Dumfries .............. 100-1 
Kellie JOhne aedeeeee ree eee eeeee 257 
Kells: Hills. iccc.olas nese eee eee 18 
Kelso Abbey: ceiewascenos eerie 168-9 


iKeltem@apbaineecreric cence dees 250 


INDEX. 283 


Kelton Churehyard ......... PARC POE ae 36 
Kennedy, Kennyde, Alexander, of Knock- 
(ERB mooue pot cCOOD EL CORICONROOeS rote 
WAG rtaterivia ete cit ts Kaswecktesiscs 6 Sune Lo 
David, 3rd Lord, see Cassillis, 1st Earl 
of. 
Egidia, wife of William Grierson of Lag 
213, 221 
Fergus Rveiet afoyaerslace ava revetovalete- sie Rat De toa 113 
MELTING i ayoertteraie aie <icievca ofeiara bre.s)eiera’e cle.0’6 113 
OMM PRET MCAES: 1s ciasiele cel daireitslancals 47 
IODELGS) DAlWHAtie vicjsje cenrwasiniss eelsacis 47 
ISR TV MN OLN sr avayes say eye’ sel slaveis.sie.n-e/e/e'e ain'e’s cieteiniave 222 


Kent, David, see Kerit. 
Ker, Kerr, James, milner in Dalton .. 47 


EAMES PUMALEIOS. «ace: sie.nceeiotesaisle sieleisiare ors 253 
RECMIATITUG 5 core Siejarsieieiarare. vie als cietira'e’ crater a Sieik 113 
John, Provost of Dumfries ........ 47 
John, Side of Tinwald ........ Saeeek 47 
ROMER Ne /orcyaractnmrsisie aon cise a setettoavon 5 able 
Thomas, mason in Dicksridge...... 47 
NVCaSespa LEOCILCGDS cies: sierercis orevalerelcanie evereva 47 
William, weaver, Dumfries ........ 253 
Kerit (Kent), David, tacksman of the 
church lands of Kirkmahoe ...... 222 
Kernel «(Carzield)) cave ccsleesrere-sse ssaslete 211 
Killegawpocht, Mill of, Glencairn .... 220 
Killmahei, Laird of (1638) ............ 113 
Killylung, Killelong, Lands of, Holywood 
223 


Over (Summerhill), Lands of 
227, 228, 229, 231, 232 
Kilmahew (Kilmaduff), Inverary, Burials 


Any ASG Soo BNC g SOR ON apts Ae Aer ane ct 125 
Kineragy, Sir Andrew, Vicar of Partoun 
186 

Kirk, Kirkaucht, Adam, of Gleneslane 199 
Alexander, Dumfries .............. 219 
Amer, of Soundayvell .............. 221 
RNG arLaciciemtnviceine galas cats 196, 201, 214 
Wiallwoats: Dumieries: «oc. cicbcisace ee 100-1 


Kirkandrews-on-Esk Churchyard 
37, 44, 50, 60, 65, 66, 67, 68 
Kirkbankhead Churchyard 
36, 44, 46, 49, 50, 66, 68 

Kirkbean Churchyard ............ 42, 54 

Kirkbride (Sanquhar), 181; Church, 191; 
Manse, 191; Rectory and Prebend of, 
191. 

Kirkeonnell (Annandale) Churehyard, 38, 
40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 52, 54, 64, 69; Hall, 
Arms, 40; Moss, 22. 

Kirkcudbright, M‘Lellan Robert, 1st Lord 

120 
Thomas Maclellan, 2nd Lord ........ 113 

Kirkcudbright Burgh, Charter by James 
II., 120; Charter by James IV., 120. 

Kirkcudbright Castle, Further Excaya- 
tions at King’s Castle (J. Robison), 
116-121; Castle (M‘Lellan’s), 120; 
Arms, 37; Castledykes, Lands of, 120; 


Kirkcudbright : 
Claycroft, 120; Great Cross, 120; 
Milncroft, 120; Milnflats, 120; Sand- 
side Bay, 120; Stewartry Museum, 
119; Stirling Acres, 120. 
Kirkeudbright, Nether, Lands of, Glen- 
cairn, 195, 198, 206; Mill of, 206. 
Kirkeudbright, Over, Lands of, Glencairn 
216, 217 
Kirklinton Churchyard ........ 42, 48, 65 
Kirkmahoe Church, Lands of, 222; Church- 
yard, 46, 51, 68, 187; Kirktoun of, 222 
Kirkmaiden Fishermen, Superstitions of 


128 

Kirkmichael, Barony of, 173; Churchyard, 
46, 51 

Kirkpatrik, Alexander .......... 213, 221 
Alexander, in Kirkmichael ........ 204 
Allan, in Cloisburne ............ 216-17 
GAWING ATs cares todses corer be eeioe meals 205 


James, Burgh Officer, Dumfries 
198, 200, 220, 221 


VON i HS ALNMUIFE a inicresiceieles selec eines 47 
Katherine, relict of Roger Kirkpatrik 
OTM OSBu verse tatiersleta fe wittusseisicd nttis, "nave 204 
Robert, Of Granst—c:...0)5.c1cstesie'w eaves 48 
Sir Roger, rector of Nethirewiss .... 211 
ROPER OL (ROSS ii acccteisiaicis olereie-ciere'ceje's 204 
Sir Thomas, of Closeburn .......... 48 
Sir Thomas, Sheriff of Dumfries 
80, 84, 105 
WV AULIT ATVI GM areteralors s, shstaves ste dietnvanniccola eta nvate’s 205 


William, Mayor, Walsall, Staffs .... 48 
Kirkpatrick-Fleming Churchyard 
35, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 50, 54 
Kirkpatrick-Juxta Churchyard .... 45, 59 
Kirsty’s (Katie’s) Well, Enterkin .... 251 


hartley Churchyard: | sccaecees cece seacoast 42 
Kirtlebridge Churchyard .............. 68 
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, Portraits of William 
ATi MAT yu its ot cre siaiste aie osteo rae 115 
Knockencrunge, Mid Torrs, Urns .... 122 
Knocknyll, Lands of ................ 204 
KNOS: Ules e WEY DUCT tescresetices clean ces 114 
Knubley, —., of Finglandrigg ........ 48 
Kulenachs(Conheath): 6.2.2: ones. ence 167 
GV LG MORN aetaardiesie te isis siaaioe asidevele wie Oe 208 
IKGVLOpe Meio, sors Nernercreteranieuie rs srsekc 159, 171 
La Chapelle, Skull of Man ............ 73 
Lachtalpin, Wigtownshire ........... 160 
Lade, The, Lochrutton 3 
13; 15, 1fj21, 22-20, 24,25 
La Ferrassie, Skull of Man .......... 73 


Lag, Lordship of, 200; Mansion of, 214, 224 
Lag-my-Boiragh, Isle of Man, Burials at 


128 

Laing, Master Walter, Procurator for 
DP MITIOR. Fe, chsrrderms as sddek ets 98, 111 
Lakehead ‘Cottage i... se ccasesee nose 25 
Lamb, Richard, of Seathill .......... 48 


284 


La Micogne, Stone Implements from.. 252 
Lanark, 158, 159, 160, 161; Castellany, 160, 
161; Castle, 160, 161, 163; A County 
Town, 161; A Royal Burgh, 160, 162 
Lanarkshire, Baronies held by Castle- 
FATED RG Sn sacaccdadudddo 159, 161-2, 173 
Lower Ward, 159; Upper Ward of, 160 
La Naulette, Jaw of Man ............ 73 
La Quina, Skull of Man .............. 73 
Land Tenure, Castle-guard .......... 172 
Lands, Merkland, 229; Poundland, 229 
Lanercost Churchyard 
37, 41, 60, 61, 64, 66, 67 
Langlands, John, Stapleton .......... 48 
Langmyreside, Lands of, Holywood 
226, 228, 229, 230 
Largie Farm, Crinan, Chambered Cairn 


125 
Larglangly, Land of, Ur .............. 224 
Latimer, David, of Clift .............. 48 
John eATohUneb miseries ere ees 48 
Richard, of Burnfoot .............. 48 
Thomas, merchant in Virginia ...... 48 
Lauchlinsone, Sir John, chaplain 94, 109 
Laucht, Lands of, Tynron ............ 212 
Lauder, Lawdir, James, Dumfries .... 104 
Johne of, Dumfries .............. 95, 107 
Margaret, Dumfries ..............-. 220 
Man derdGasblemea werisrcctcies cree ree crecers 163 
Law, Elizabeth, Irthington ........... 49 
Johns Goldsmithenceeasreearecceoce 177 
Lawrie, Helen, wife of James Robson in 
Terauchty. astiiwacveavoececs sete 189 
See also Lowrie. 
Lawson, Hugh, of Girthead ............ 49 
Leadhills, 247, 251; Lead Mines, 247; 
Leadhills Dod Mine, 251; Susanna 
Mine, 251, 252-3; Library, 247-8. 
Lead Mines, Wanlockhead ............ 246 
Webodys Thomas! uso eee 202 


LEBOUR, NONA: White Quartz Pebbles 
and their Archeological Significance 


121-134 
Iiferiay AGS, WOME. Sosnccuso0s0nGocac 81 
Le Moustier, Stone Implements from 252 
Lennox, James Stewart, 4th Duke of 113 
Lesley, Bishop: ‘‘ Historie of Scotland,” 


79, 92 

Letcombe Castle, Berks, Burial at 
125, 129 
Lethim, —., of Etheringholme ...... 113 
Leven: pRiverdie-cnioss cnc tence aes 21 


Lincluden College, 181; College, Lands of, 
189, 193, 196, 201, 207, 214; Provost of, 
81; Usutfructuary of, 189, 193. 

Lincludane, Lands of, 201; Mains, Piess- 
croft, 207. 

LENCO, INGO GE Soocsgnanosdcuodes 178 


INDEX. 


Lindsay, Lindesay, Lyndsay, lLyndsee, 
AG X AI OM sciny-)etecs 0 oseiviricipieiviclonsie cones 2B 

PV AWIM peer en teciasaciiciisreinc eleraieereee 197 

TON N we epserire recesses 193, 196, 198, 216 

John, of Barcloy .............. 193, 196 

John, Dumfries ................ 49, 207 

John, 10th Lord, see Crawford, 17th 

Earl of. 

Michael, burgess of Dumfries ...... 07 
Lyndsee, William de ............ 167, 168 
Linlithgow, Alexander Livingston, ist 

Beard: Of ats o.cdic cjascis aceresisieeeloteeeeeeye 50 

MEAT (UTS HOD: 1eje/-t<jat=/-tetelelatelcloes toteiee teasers 247 

Linnbridge Ford, Kirkleton, Coal Borings 

253 
Thissweis;  Batrick cei ccirseleeeiceetee 113 
Little, Litle, —., in Meikldail ........ 49 

Andrew, in Crofthead .............. 50 

Andrew, in Over Bogside ............ 50 

Christopher, in Timpon ............ 50 

Gavin; pe Dirhops! ei<eaeeicaceieeemete 50 

We Ar bhuret: meiniacieryetcisteretoreierete ava retetele 49 

James, in Midelbyhill .............. 50 

John, in Calvertholm ................ 49 

John; ‘in’ Gonhess! 35. .c.cse series . 50 

John), Meinmill jon. seen eens 50 

John; in) Waisbihill’ 2 23... eceaeeees 50 

Mary, spouse to Robert Deans, in Tod- 

holewood) 2.00 iisaielieaseeeeeeeeee 50 

Matthew, in Langholm .............. 50 

Thomas, of Green ............2.2-5+ 50 

Thomas, of Harpernill .............. 50 

Thomas, joiner, in Netherknock .... 50 

Thomas, in Whiteriggs .............- 50 

WALLA vedic seas sete ste ciae saves 214, 217 

William, of Burntstock ............ 50 

Wim., in Damhead .......... SAD SEA 49 
Livingstoun, Sir Wm., of Culter, brother 

to the Ear! of Linlithgow .......... 50 
Loaninghead) i213 dcjsneeetioe oe eee 18 
Loarin, Sir Robert, chaplain and curate 

of Kirkpatrick Durane ...... 178, 202 
Tock ADE? isc oe Sons estonia eee 27 
Loch Craignish, Souné of Jura ...... 143 
Locher Moss, Hairstane Moss ........ 219 
Lochfoot, Merkland of, Holywood .... 228 
Loch: Howie hse alee eee eee 27 
Lochinvar Loch ............ Pisa 27 
Lochmaben, 81; Attack on, 1484, 80; 


Castle, 163; Churchyard, 40, 45, 47, 
52, 69. 


Loch’ (Mailing... ..-isnse saeco neee 27 
Loch), Particky chai. 3icinek cies Sees 27 
Hoch eResland eases scenes S siateiele oo CAS 


Lochrutton, 196; The Geology of, with 
Special Reference to Water Supply 
(R. Wallace), 11-29; Lake Dwelling, 
26; Old Chart, 26; Physical Features, 
12-13; Sawmill, 13, 22; Schoolhouse 


a ee 


INDEX. 285 


Lochrutton: 
Well, 17; Village, 15; 17; Water 
Supply, 1913, 11-29, 149-50; Water- 
works, 16, 22, 25. 


Loch Skene, Moffatdale .............. 27-8 
MRS OUIED ora. conse Cdneaes.sebects act wae 27 
Lochur, Lands of, Glencairn .......... 205 
Locht, Sir Patrick, chaplain .......... 188 


Lockerbie Churchyard... 35, 43, 46, 57, 63 
Lodge, Sir Oliver: ‘‘ The Electrification of 


She Atmosphere” oc... 00secdedsacs 151 
Logane, Mains of, Land of ............ 192 
Doe ted HEY cis/ofk's, siaisicin cae weet Ag ewaae'a 2 86 


Lonqueroche, Stone Implements from 252 
Lorimer, Loremer, Lorymar, George, in 


Threlket, Cumberland .............. $1 
Sir James, chaplain ............ 197, 203 
James, in Mortounmilln ............ 50 
James, in Robgill .....:.... wibalciiee wiaia 50 


John, in Mains of Drumlanrig, cham- 
berlain to the Duke of Queensberry 50 
Lothian, William Ker, 3rd Earl of .. 113 


PREPICLGTIIIED oa G cian aie’ s'ataies cise aie emaistena ere 160 
Lowther, Wm., in Dornock ............ 51 
Mower HUIS osca. de acdsed aces vee 245, 249 
Lowry, Lovre, Cristel, dempster, Dum- 
MPI crater eh) acl vidreheve 216 viareleisraldss Sin n.co 100 
John, of Durrnahill ........ hiecceas 49 
Richard, of Durranhill House ...... 49 
Luce Churchyard .......... 40, 47, 59, 70 
ivabtEMeLiOUGts tt cioe.s cca die stoeomelsceeiatte 113 
G. F., R.N., of Kirkmichael ........ 51 
M‘Adam, M‘Caddam, James, of Water- 
CEG | a See Cor A ere Ae Pion 51 
MAMes ein LAZCANC 'o5<.cectsescasae 257 
M‘Andrew, James, ‘‘ Floras”’ ........ 29 
M‘Brair, M‘Braar, M‘Brar, M‘Brayr, 
Archibald, Provost of Dumfries 82, 83 
Herbert, Dumfries .............. 82, 102 
John, Provost of Dumfries .......... 82 
ORD DUMITIOR, csc iv crcciddcclve te mes 102 


Nicholas, Provost of Dumfries 
82, 83, 84-5, 97, 98, 101, 105-11 
Robert, Provost of Dumfries ........ 82 
Roger, Provost of Dumfries 
82, 103, 104, 213 


HOM, DUMITieS® cates bewidee. cee 101, 218 
WAPLEAINE vialsn divee vu cicies oce Ue ae cls 94, 109 
M‘Bryde, Alexander, elder and younger, 
AIS AALONNOISE , alele in da dint cele dates .ee dele 256 
JON, in GlenhOise «sf F.scc6. owescews 256 
Robert, in Glenhoise .............. 257 
Wim:,.in Glenhowse sccieetasaivesdices 256 
M‘Burnie, M‘Birnie, M‘Byrne, Andrew, at 
HOCHTULOUNGAIG) 6.05 coeds veo sldues 196 
Andrew, of Nonlandis, Lochrutoun 193 
Cuthbert, Dumfries ................ 104 
Sir James, chaplain sj. cié0sseses ses 188 
John, workman, Dumfries ........ e255 


Wiliam civecstividdetotieesedsecns 224 


M‘Burnie, William, burgess, Dumfries 209 
William, in Kirkconnell, Troqueer.. 187 
M‘Caa, Alexander, in Auchenlack .. 256 


John, in Drongandow .............. 257 
Thomas, in Glenmalloch ............ 255 
M‘Caad, Alexander, in Trostane ...... 255 
Anthonie, in Trostane ............ 255 
Gilbert; in’ Prostane hadcesdl roca aes 255 
M‘Canise, Jon, in Glengruboch ...... 255 


M‘Call, M‘Cawle, M‘Cawill, Barbara, wife 
of Thomas M‘Kitrick, burgess of Dum- 


ITTO Sia hiec tad oscksa vteduion cae eaten hey 253 
Gilbert, OF that, TK saievs cowie baleen 215 
Feabelle: oy ccs as vx sie con wuebetentsiafs «a 215 
AMES) dais cicsars v0cb.evated cae worse vind 215 
TONE: . Soaosshas sac nave cfdaewmiecane 215 
SRUOIDEE fertye's aicista eicienre aie ma. ale acoisra aMarcra sine 194 
WEAPIOUA LU Sc bie alee dilewae side Wap diaine das 215 
LEE th Td SS URSA IGG G DO SOU CUCL CAR ao 254 
Patrick, in Glenhoise .............. 256 
RIODEEGs dg dante Ce cS 2 alia Bele ova sie dels 254 
William, in Glenhoise .............. 256 


M‘Cartnay, Mariota, wife of Andrew 
Newlandis, burgess of Dumfries .. 207 
M‘Chachie, Alexander, in Monegofie .. 256 
William, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
M‘Cheitchie, Jon, in Bardrochwood .. 256 
M‘Chessny, Alexander, in Bargallie .. 257 


won, in) Auchenlack fy. .ccecs ss. ese 256 
MON IN GEGUIOD ALK 2 occas needs cdma 256 
Walter, in Littlepark .............. 256 


M‘Chlauchline, see M‘Lauchlin. 

M‘Chouchtie, Robert, in Culgow .... 257 

M‘Chrachrie, Jon, elder and younger, in 
MOMOOGUNENT aie Fad tak lirale soe case ee 255 

M‘Chuchie, Alexander, in Carsnaw .. 256 

M‘Clarine, see M‘Laren. 

M‘Clein, see M‘Lean. 

M‘Cleavie, see M‘Leavie. 

M‘Clellan, see M‘Lellan. 

M‘Clowane, Alexander, in Meiklecarse 256 


M‘Clurg, Alexander, in Carsnaw ...... 256 
George, in Carmdirrie o2. face. ste usnos 255 
SOU IM CALNGITie: seeded s Paces clawa st 255 

MECIVMOUNT ORD: wcciee crested sssouicne 254 
Johne, in Kirriekenene .............. 255 

M‘Coire, James, in Bargrenane ...... 255 
Patrick, in Bargrenane ............ 255 

M‘Come, Makhome, John ............ 210 
John, Notary Public, Presbyter of 

GIASBOW fo. ecieccé ons 84, 94, 106, 109 
M‘Connell, M‘Quhonel, M‘Quhennell, Alex- 
ander, in. Glencaird «.............. 255 
Andro, in Largforag oo. fis. .e sede es's 255 

a OTAAT Pasta Aloe ale serovar alah att snrcrea states 209, 254 
Jon, in Clechmallock .....4........; 255 
PNGHIAS ora tteies sawoueaoeowoekeeetes 254 
MiCorarie;/ THOMAS f.0<5.ds0ksteceeenss 200 
M ‘Cords Jobncstasccesaedid dev ores eee 254 


286 INDEX. 
M‘Cord, Robert, in Borland .......... 255 M‘George, Makgeorge, M‘Joir, William 215 
M‘Cornocke, Andro, in Drumnaquhinzie 256 William, Notary, clerk depute of Dum- 
Andro, in Kirtrochwod ............ 256 EPIOS Bee ea he sui Sevarertrctathatel ee ete 253 
James, in Drumnaquhinzie .......... 256 MacGilblaan, Gilcomgal .............. 166 
Toh si isukat Re ae ease ee 254 M’Gill, M‘Gilhauch, Esot, wife of Nycoll, 
John, in Cragginkalzie .............. 256 of Burne, Dumfries .............. 108 
M‘Coskie, Jon, in Monegoffe ........ 256 Jon, in Bardrochwood .............. 256 
Robert, in Bardrochwood ...... 256, 257 TOM, it IDWHNEA ~ooccnscasooocneonse 255 
M‘Courtie, see M‘Curte. Jon, in Merkcove ..............e+e. 255 
M‘Coyde, M‘Coyd, Johne, in Cardorkane Roger, Notary Public, Presbyter of 
257 Carlisle tis ccscesc a ceastenee een 84, 106 
Thomas, in Tochregane ............ 255 M‘Gimpsie, Jon., elder and younger, in 
M‘Crakane, Alexander, in Cullgow .. 257 Littlepark; -+.c\1ci.chetelele eee tee 256 
Ging tin. ERO Saacsoosscdacsnosoee 255 M‘Gowan, M‘Gowne, M‘Gowin, Andrew 
M‘Crae, see M‘Creye. 216 
M‘Credie, Donald, Dumfries ...... 95, 108 Andro, in Borland ................ 255 
WIGCRATE, MEST 5 og ocacconadoscoouason 199 Andro, in Merkcove ................ 255 
M‘Crevie, M‘Rewie, Jon, in Barony .. 257 BERTRAM: A List of the Coleoptera 
M‘Creye, Johne, Dumfries ............ 108 of the Solway District ........ 234-44 
M‘Cristin, Gilbert, Dumfries .......... 192 Gilbert, in Holme .................. 255 
M‘Cubbyne, Fergus, in Chapellmark.. 209 Johne, in Kirrimore ................ 255 
THOMASH sich lie ane Oe eee 199 Robert, in Borland ................ 255 
M‘Culloch, Dayid ...... Wavarctevecialstsvvatotverets 254 William c-ic ea eves sean astro . 254 
FUG) arab an aecimmact decor homo ADAG 205 WUE TUIOS AON. Socounosdocosacesocsne 200 
William, burgh officer, Dumfries M‘Harg, see M‘Quharg. 
218, 219, 224 WENO N, TOON: Goouscouscaboosocoboc’ 254 
William, servant of John Redik .... 213 M‘Ilroy, Thomas, in Glencaird ...... 255 
Family, of Hills Castle, Arms ...... 51 Mairteine, in Killkerow ............ 255 
M‘Cully, Thomas, in Polgoune ........ 255 Thomas, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
We OuieNe \yDENIN Soo dqoacoonns00dK00n 200 M‘Ilwayane, M‘Ilweyn, John ........ 203 
M‘Dill, Joan, wife of Patrick Steile, Johns, in’ Barlarge=2..)..6--ceeeeie 257 
DUMEDICS iis ast saad teens waren eaters 202 WCW ON sod0scscoo00c06s issineivele 257 
John, burgess of Dumfries .......... 213 M‘Intosh, John, in Douncans .......... 51 
MACDONALD, J. C. R., 179, 184; Notes M‘Joir, see M‘George. 
on the Titles of Cowhill Tower, in the M‘Jorrie, John, elder and younger, in 
Parish of Holywood .......... 225-233 Barony (.2 Joe eee eee 257 
M‘Dowall, M‘Dowell, M‘Dowalle, Alex- M‘Kay, William, Troqueer ............ 51 
ander, in Machirmore ............ 256 M‘Kean, M‘Keyn, Thomas ........ 81, 254 
Gilbert, in Lesons .................. 256 M‘Kennane, William, Troqueir ....... 187 
Hew, ROL KnOckiolastesnrerinccrncrere: 113 Makkymman (M‘Keyn), Thom ........ 81 
Jon, in ——outane ................ 256 M‘Kenzie, George, of —— ............ 61 
Jon, in Corquhinock ................ 256 M‘Kerrow, M. H., Dumfries .......... 252 
Wohnen Consnawaeeeeeeeeeee eee 257 M. 8., Burnock, Dumfries .......... 143 
Jon, in Glengruboch .............. 255 Mackie, M‘Kie, Makke, Makee, Alexander 
HOW, Tt UESON. Ss6do5acccc00co00000 256 113, 114 
IRaibrike Ola @relchanemrneen sere esr 113 Alexander, in Garlarge ............ 255 
William, ‘* History of Dumfries ’’ 87, 174 Alexander, in Monegoffe .......... 256 
William, in Carsdoncane ............ 257 Andro, in Monewik ................ 255 
MOH wen Gilberbiemeeckee certs 255 Barnard, in Garlarge .............. 255 
WENA, WOME “sconccoudcoscasn000s 205 Donald, in Blackeraig ............ 256 
M‘Fie, John, of Boreland, Southwick .. 51 Donnie, in Knockbrex .............. 255 
M‘Gauchie, M‘Gauchein, M‘Gauchane, Docane, in Marcove ................ 257 
Andro, in Overdaleashe .......... 256 Gilhert, younger, in Heliae ........ 257 
Andro, in Drakmorne .............. 256 Gilbert, in Holme ................6. 255 
UG wlesnccuocnn snacodnesusooLooTonad 254 James, in Blackcraig .............. 256 
M‘Gee, Makgee, M‘Ghie, David, Notary DOWNY) 5 ssc trve cane tesa eee ... 187, 210 
Publics Sickagacsccaeonenes 194, 223 Jon, in Bargrenane ................ 255 
Sir David, Presbyter of Glasgow 94, 110 Jon, in Blackeraig ................ 256 
John Kirkmahoeweseen eee stree 51 Jon, in Clechmallock ............ 50 4s) 


M‘Gellane, John, in Bellybocht ........ 214 


Jon, in Drumrickloche ............ 255 


INDEX. 


Mackie, Jon, in Garlarge ............ 255 
PONTE OL (GIASSOCUO chs cigeisis siaiecisin's cs 114 
Johne, in Holme ....... Weretere orate Ses 255 
Jon, in Kirochtrie ........ pistes vistas 256 
Malcum, of Craighlaw .............. 86 
MULE erefateis ciersie's Hisletelsivis RE ctecnte 254, 257 
Patrick, in Bargremane ............ 255 
Pait, dempster, Dumfries .......... 108 
Ne ROL MALO Mciag recent cisiele wise 113, 254 
(Babrik; 0 at elOLra ge <cnc. ccs cces 255 
Patrik, in Meikle Caldounes ........ 255 
Patrik, bailzie of Monygof .. 254, 256 
Richard, Of Myrtoun “scene ncssns 207 
PRCRIGU DMN lniare oc sisiste’s pos) sisc¢.e'e's!s ateleiorale 704 
Mhomas, in Garlarge. foc. seccesccces 255 
William, smith, Dumfries .......... 52 
William, in Monegoffe ............. 256 

M‘Kinnell, M‘Kynnell, David ........ 203 
MONEE CB ADHOSE: ccejaiwe'esieas sie isles «erste 256 

WEKGSGNICK, AQTICS! ooc.c% a siceactes Fate atdiciaie 253 
Thomas, merchant burgess, Dumfries 

253 


M‘Kowin, see M‘Owen. 
M‘Knaght, see M‘Naught. 
Maclagan, Dr R. C.: ‘‘Our Ancestors” 


132 

M‘Laren, M‘Clarine, Jonet, wife of 
Thomas Maxwell of Auldgartht, bur- 
gess of Dumfries ....... anleetereve ist 220 
TEHOWA: GOIAUEICE' sicicve cfeiels nero ised cisiher 104 
M‘Lauchline, M‘Chlauchline, Jon, in 
ERAN Cher siar teas /atalalelatarecvaie fie tesefotcistela 255 
M‘Lean, M‘Clein, M‘Cleane, M‘Clean, 
James, in Michalswass .......... 62 
RUC Ratmmecerstereratasctetelelctetersleioievaferel<ceivieie sieve sists 216 
Quinteine, in Stron—— ............ 256 
M‘Leavie, M‘Cleawe, M‘Cleave, Alexander, 
ATMS ATGLTOCHWOOU!, ceccievcis<cleresis olste 257 
PATCHED RIL sav aiate ra'elssc)s aia: sja"esolarsjsiovn @.pccietere 254 
Patrik, in Bardrochwood .......... 256 
William, in Carsmaneiche .......... 256 
M'‘Leir, M‘Cleir, Gilbert, Dumfries.... 218 
M‘Lellan, M‘Clellane, Alexander, in 
PRET ALE Mactayatereteielel sin atersresis erss/aruiersreltis 255 
Gilbert, of Barmagaichane ........ 202 
Pye EE | OLECOCK «0107s etevviviclsiere o/eiele els 256 
Michaells in (Corwar e.iccs cccscse'n 256 
Michaell, in Credock .............. 256 
Robert; in Credock |. ssc.ciclsscs ese ees 256 
Sir Thomas, of Bomby ........ 120, 121 
PUMA TUN COT SAL Males cieie's euele@eyerercss 256 
Thomas, in Drongandow ............ 255 
M‘Lurg, M‘Clurge, M‘Clardge, John, in 
WRLETINOUSCL 4st tices bia be cialontarela ate 257 
OHS eI MISTIOCK DE CRI: J viclaieicciee wete ele oe 255 
John, in Macgramore .............. 257 
Macmannady, Cuthbert .............. 202 
M‘Michael, Daniel, Covenanter.. 250, 251 
James, ‘“‘ Black M‘Michael” ...... 250 


M‘Millane,* Alexander, in Tonotrie .. 256 


Andro, in Archkonchene ............ 255 
Andro, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
Anthone, in Firrochbae ............ 255 
TVNTAGS tre dinsestaieercteelnte’s ovvis'sigivlelsieie. cle 210 
George, in Clechmallock .......... 255 
George, in Monegoffe ............++ 256 
EY AMILERS Veierarcinlela/arsic/ste ereisiatetelolcipictarsisveleimte 254 
James, in Forrochbae .............. 257 
James, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
James, in Polbrekbuy .-.......... 256 
VaMes, IH) WONOLTIC. 2). ccs .icesciesiee che 256 
RL QUI Pratatarwisictaye’o/ ota/a)s|e\sigiaistalateiate ereld ateiatelele 254 
WO). WN ClONUS™ Vicente ssitnclen oie’ els 255 
OL AT OO WAT Biensre a nevecicoeette seri. 256 
Jon, in Craigginkalzie .............. 256 
OWS Nn). DICKIGPICKD v, 'cis.sjoiere clelelaisiele es 256 
OU LT MUNICH MAW a tists viel sfotciiteia eteee 257 
MODAN MMANCD OVA senitienclsis(e sani \oteleratse 255 
Os INCMONELONE Viisiecc ccc sle ce es cise 256 
JON) We POLDLEKDIUY wee cecdace ces ee 256 
VOW; eine LOCKTELANC® wiccla ve cidsise aes (010 255 
Ninean, in Craigginkalzie .......... 256 
Patrick, in Auchenlack ............ 256 
PAGICK IN) Barlargenc cs ccieccece ccs oie 257 
Patrick; im: Craipnell’ « iiscicees ceca 256 
Quinteine, in Craignell ............ 256 
Robert, in Bardrochwood .......... 256 
WWHOWMIAS » cies Saisie saiewe sacle susie ces ale 186 
Walter, in Glenhoise .............. 256 
Walter, in Overdalashe .......... 256 
Walliams (COLWal 7acesedsciecenes 256 
Witilcs 2 tilts WONET PIG Fike dc siciteweiciele 256 
M‘Morine, Makmoraine, Janet, wife of 
John Anderson of Terrachtrye .. 176 
VOMMMircrsishrcteretiys ete eek atasos we eniocies is 197 
OUINLYTIG rman catriccese ecm 203 
William, “Of (Glaspane: . c.n.ce cen csi 176 
Williams Vint eVEW ines, ar cisctenca vice sine 204 

William, son of Quintyne Makmoran 
180, 203-4 


M‘Mulzerdoch, Alexander, in Barony.. 257 
M‘Murdo, Lieut.-Colonel Archibald .. 52 

Col. Bryce Baird, of Mavis Grove .. 52 
VUAVEME AG CqNOUM! \eiccise citsienicieesclace ee 215 
M‘Naught, M‘Knaght, M‘Nacht, Gilbert, 


IPADGOD! pon) ictere taco menses ane wo 185 
Robert, merchant, New-Galloway 52 
WOUMMDE Haws oets cere citia: Seiad is wees wets lal dave 254 

M‘Nae, Andrew, Rerwick ............. 62 
M‘Owen, M‘Kowin, David ............ 188 


M‘Pherson, Thomas, painter, Dumfries 52 
M‘Queen, M‘Quecheine, John ........ 254 
M‘Quhae, Edward, Dumfries ........ 52 
M‘Quhard, M‘Quhardge, M‘Quharg, Alex- 


for Chel hans 3 Soba BAIS Ongar eOSeL Tekno 257 
Alexander, in Auruch .............. 255 
AMUGTO; in! “StrONG) <.ese«c cuccetce vee 255 


288 INDEX. 
M‘Quhard, James, in Cammer ........ 255 Man: 

James, in Glennamore ............ 256 Moustieriensis, 73; In Europe, 72; 

LMM Snosdsacaccooscucs coosnans 254, 257 Mediterranean Race (dolmen 

Jon, in Crouchlie ................-. 257 builders), 76, 77; Magdalenian, 75; 

Jon, in Kirricastell ...............- 255 Neanderthal, 73-4, 75, 77; “‘ Negroids ” 

POM Ns SLLOM CM ayeiaraier siketeraeiaarctac ttre 255 of Grimaldi, 74; Neolithic, 75-7; 

Patrick, in Nather Stronbae ...... 257 North German Race, 76; Northern 

1 bf a Se IM Merce ao ree Sarde Don 254 Race, 76, 77; Primitive (G. F. Scott 

RHOMAS Hy wane cistern terrae 254 Elliot), 71-78; Pygmy Races, 71, 72, 
M‘Quhennel, see M‘Connell. 77; Riverdrift, 73; St. Brelade, Jersey, 
M‘Quhroyter, see M‘Whirter. 73; Scandinavian Race, 76-7; Solu- 
M‘Quoyd, M‘Quod, M‘Quozd, Jon, in trean Race, 75, 76. 

Cardorkanemereeeneeereeee cererae 255 Man, Jaw of, La Naulette, 73; Mauer, 

John, in Machirmore .............. 256 Heidelberg, 72, 73. 

See also M‘Coyd. Man, Skeletons of, Dordogne, 74; Men- 
Macqueyestoun, Land of ............ 212 tone, 74; Paviland Cave, ‘Red 
M‘Rewie, see M‘Crevie. Lady,” 74. 

M‘Taggirt, Jon, in Drumrickloche .. 255 Man, Skull of, Brunn, 74; Bury St. 

Jon, in Polgoune ................5. 255 Edmunds, 74; Galley Hill, 74; La 

Patricksein eHolme wer epee eee ee 255 Chapelle, 73; La Ferrassie, 73; La 
- Patrik, in Largforag .............. 255 Quina, 73; Megalithic, 77; Piltdown, 

Walter, in Lagbaes .............- 255 72, 73; Syp, 73; Tilbury, 74. 

M‘Teir, Jon, in Landboy ........... 255 Map, General View of Mineralogy of 


M‘Whae, see M‘Quhae. 


M‘Whirter, M‘Quhroyter, Doncane, in 
MOChTE SANS) Feist isha ase seta laneiiee 255 
John, in Tochregane ........:...-. 255 
Patrik, elder and younger, in Larg 255 
Thomas, in Firroch ........... 256, 257 
Magdalenian Stone Implements 252 
Maiden Castle, Weymouth, Burial at 
125, 129 
Maillige, Andro, in Cawgell .......... 256 
Maitland, Besseta .........c..seeeee 223 
Malacca. cy sare, senactatratcorpe tino 71 
Malcolm III. (Canmore) ............ 159 
Malcolm IV. (The Maiden) 
.. 120, 160, 162, 163, 172 
Mallaynok, Barony of .............. 173 
Mammals: Apes, Authropoid .... 71, 72 
Blab caine bis che ene USD ae eea enoreree farstutle 146 
Deer. Rede vases setetenericecnsenisaetne cure 77 
TIGMNEMUR! coosocdocacboduuncoocade 72, 73 
LSD NOY NOMA Geoasosracnsoncoccanodue 72 
Horse; | (Steppe? \sic,.iois:5)5, wcleie asters wleveeieiole 75 
A SMMUTS Volatiles etsleistcieterseisleiericiate doouee 71 
MICO Firstar lavaiasstelecraveia cs eter acts oloneruieteres 143 
IMCOMK CYS etrascserctetersvesc starese(oeictclareievais hematols 71 
Otb eT ee eta ato ataea teens 142 
Rab bits oho ccc scantetoiaainrs nae eeee clelare 141 
ADS iene yatayerclate pe shovehoptereievar ar oyocsy otoinvere orators 141 
Reindeendiiienicuectcissiuslenteetesr erie 75 
RIN OCELOSia aa especie ieresisiietae a etsvoel 72 


Man, Alpine Race, 76, 77; Anglo-Saxon 
Race, 76; Aurignacian, 75; Azilian, 
75-6, 77; Brachycephalic, 75, 76, 77; 
Bronze Age, 121; Celtic Race, 77; 
Cromagnon Race, 74, 75, 77; Doli- 
chocephalic, 75; Furfooz Race of, 75, 
76; Grenelle Race of, 75; Hauser’s 


Dumfriesshire, by General Dirom 252 
Marchthorn, Lands of, Holywood .... 228 
Marett, Dr Robert R. 134 
Margaret, Queen of Scotland, wife of 
Alexander II., dowry 160 
Marjoribanks, John, “‘ Als Gynkin’’ .. 201 


eee e eee eeee 


swe wee wees 


John, Dumfries ................000- 102 

RODCEG: o:dsiie:dersalialediaopordere sige 201 

Robert, Burelschaw, Kirkpatrick-Juxta 

188, 201 

William, Burelschaw, Kirkpatrick-Juxta 

188, 201 

William, grandson of Robert Marjori- 

banks, Burrellschaw ............ 201 
Marjoribanks, Lordship of, Annandale 

188, 201 

Mark, Esobell, Dumfries ........ 95, 108 

Markbroun, Lands of, Colvend ...... 197 

Marquhirne, Lands of, Glencairn .... 222 


Marriage, Control of by Superior 179, 189 


Marriage Stone, Tinwald Churchyard 
Gate iii icided cieidsremtane eer nieelaeteee 55 
Marsh; Friar “Adami cjoccaeee see cence 178 
Marshall, Marchell, Merchell, Master 
George, Provost of the Church of 
Lincloudane ........ 193, 196, 201, 207 
Katherine, wife of James Kirkpatrick, 
Dumfries ....... ston nee 220, 221 
Martin, Merteine, Henry, in Thornyk 195 
Dr J. W., Newbridge ...... Pee ey, 252 
Jon, in Bardrochwood .............. 256 
Mertynsone, Duncane, dempster, Dum- 
PTIOS. -.cidise:sicre cag aa eicebeee ee Rene 108 
Mathesoun, Mathison, Andrew ...... 203 
John, in Laverockhall .............. §2 


Mauer, Heidelberg, Animal Remains, 73; 
Jaw of Man, 72, 73. 


INDEX. 


Maxwell, Maxvell, Mezwale, of Steil- 
MUO sce. acts slesalckengicighs swacosive 6 54 

A. Harley, of Portrack ....0cccses 232 
Alexander Herries, of Munches...... 54 
Archibald, Dumfries ................ 192 
Besseta, wife of Alexander Glencross of 
PP ORSCHEMOGI tere e.cis sac cau a. si@e'a-nrs ie 199 


Charles Murray, see Campbell, Charles 
Murray Maxwell, of Cowhill. 


Cuthbert, Dumfries .......... 220, 221 
MBs DIF KAN <i ctais's vauie'ele cde viese wa 225 
PFA p DUMEPICS. bocce secs wsn'e 95, 107 
David, son of Thomas Maxwell of 

ASCP ALUM Uy olcais- s cicioee vioxeta sess 220 
Pueald, Of COWL oc. clcuicwe sess a 228 
MelwemdsiOf EUUNS o.oo eaeceie fs'sne'e 189 
Edward, of Lochrutton, 184-5, 193, 196 
Edward, of Tynwald .......... 103, 200 
AMAR Pe URION. © sale scmcinecen se teiees 185 
Edward, son of Edward Maxwell of 

AUERU WA rele wicccleyae ftaicc adingis Gels e Sta mye 103 
Elizabeth, of Tinwald, wife of Robert 

Maxwell-of Gowhill ....0..3 cee 230 
MEIER ia trea ase clcticreine 6 50 Sa'viala seieele 207 
BV AATOEE COLE > clein's cisic lee 6 0's.c ele ielvere 207 
George, of Carnesalloch ............ 102 
George, brother german of the Lord of 

@armesalloch: .: stacsccsvescsseeinass 208 


Lieut.-Colonel George, of Carruchan 54 
George, baillie of Dumfries 213, 220, 221 
George, son of Master George Maxwell 

207 
Major Hamilton, second son of Mon- 


BRUT ticle cea a; sioceisistelais bee cigaate we ew 54 
Sir Herbert, of Carlaverock ........ 86 
Herbert, of Kirkconnel .......... 86, 88 
Sir Herbert: ‘‘ History of Dumfries and 

NPRM NAL SeMiera tia: cyoee dice eaten e's 86, 91 
Herbert, In Newark 5. .cevseccesee 188 
James, of Auchencarne ...........- 222 
AMES. AM, BOFSCHEM 6s occ:0eeccexeces 208 
NAMES, AN” CONNAIGCD: 4 ..0<ctp eee eases s 214 
James, in Killelong ........... See, (ano 
Janet, wife of William Douglas, 2nd of 

PEUNT ANIL os: ot as csiac aes o,ae-8 aie 86 
DOR face ssascs ces 193, 198, 213, 215, 254 
BERS EREEe ETM T AES oseravara; cova arava de,a a. 193, 196 
John, junior, in Bellibocht ........ 211 
WOON BOUTIADGIS: « s/cisaleinesiocecteels 214 
John, of Carnsalloch .... 82, 102-4, 222 
ORM INNOGUSCANIG far neice s cco.es a clcas 192 
BROT GS PPIEITIETICS 5 .6.c'eis mre aieaie,ciecds's 104, 200 
Johne, elder in Drumfres .......... 189 
John, messenger, Dumfries ........ 253 
John, writer, Dumfries ............ 253 
John, in Kilbane 194, 199, 204, 206, 208 
GH eI MAN ECON Dj ciaie% ae's.0,divisitaianie 223 
John, of Lochrutton ........ 4 coatei eres 201 
PON IT VOGANG os cisss coax taivejcua ces 192 


John, 4th Lord, Steward of Annandale 
79, 80, 85-88, 91, 101 


289 

Maxwell, John, 8th Lord ........ 225, 250 
John (called France), officer to Lord 
Maxwell ..... Riceieke vacate Vpaeas 91 
John, Of ‘Perrangnty vy .iceee0'ss se ore 233 


Mariota of, wife of Patrick Wrycht 192 
Mary, wife of James, Laird of John- 


BUONC? cae opeaareCuwacche sce harW ves cts 86 
IPatrike In) BarhOses cdsce-.ca ta aileae ne 256 
Patrick, brother of John Maxwell of 

Garneselloghi: =. ccivcceteoudceveces 222 
Richert, burgess of Drumfres .... 188 
ODEKiacattial vee sient Bete ebremiatancivicirrs 207 
ig SCOWDUL os Jan owgewonbes ache 54, 230 
R., Fourmerkland Tower .......... 54 
Robert, Kirkmahoe ..2...cicsseoce 222 


Robert, 5th Lord Maxwell 
82, 86, 103-105, 197 
Robert, son of Patrick Maxwell .... 222 


RROMAST asian came ees aa hee lane coe eae 222 
Thomas of Auldgartht, burgess of 

MEDUEPYE RETO Sys lhe ore ra eter atte’ ale. o 29 stats OSes 220 
Thomas, HOLY WOOU se ie. coals discce cess 223 
WAlTBAIMIH S Poscctreblnite ce mnssate sole 187, 214 
William, of Ardis, Troqueir ...... 187 
Colonel William, of Cardoness .... 115 
Sir William, of Cardoness .... 112, 254 
Villiam, in Crustanis ...........00 192 
Win:5 in) DykeHead J. casswaeet ss cee 54 
William, Lochrutton .............5 201 


William, Minister of Minnigaff 
114-5, 254, 257 


Wm., of Preston, nephew of Carn- 
BAMOCI Poe cce sas ede scaiintens bescetes 54 
WAL AMS AN ASKS srcislvinte iad. d:0/sis'e cies 257 
Williame, brother of Edward Maxwell 
OF CLIN Waa? wc ctercieh teres eee s 103, 104 
William, brother to George Maxwell of 
Carnesallochn: ws. Jiccodas sweets 102 
Lords, attitude of Dumfries towards 81 
Family of Terregles, Arms ........ §2-3 


Maxweltoun House, 211; Lands of, Glen- 
cairn, 210, 211, 218. 
Maxwelltown, Cavart’s Vennel, 182; Dal- 


beattie Road, 184 Gallowhill, 184; 
Lovers’ Lane, 182; ‘‘ Suffolk Hill,” 184 
MSN TN RIS Oe « s/crclaiccaic suite bikie «a hrs Ard 192 
Mediterranean ............ T1;, 725. 76; 77 
Meines, Andro, in Drongandow .... 255 
Mekilholme, Lands of ...........<0. 204 
Melanesia, Death Customs in ...... 130 
Melrose, Abbat Ernald of .. 167, 169, 170 
Mennoek.t PHA: Sade de wentaneads ss 245-6 
Menteath, William, of Randifurd .... 113 
Mentone, Skeletons of Man .......... 74 
Menzies, Archibald, Vicar of Mortoun, 
Dean of Christianity ............ 191 
Edward, of Castlehill ...........<.. 191 
Hew; in Monegoffe ....s.ccseccovcs 256 
WiSh mc nalnia pity conidia cnee «3 ts, oo oaine 113 
Family of VEnochl «<. vacceennsvds nes 253 


Menke Nicholl) cases seas <oe aatawheee, OL 


290 


Merkland Bridge, 19; Burn, 13, 15, 20, 
21-22, 23-24, 28; Loch, 21-2, 24, 27; 
Moss, 12; Valley, 17, 18, 19, 20-1, 26, 
28. 


Merklandwell Farm .............. 20, 21 
Merland, R. J., Laird of ............ 113 
Merrick? Hills stick jaca cece acenien 18 
Mesopotamian Desert ................ 71 


Messingerlandis, Lands of, Penpont .. 215 
Meteorology: Rainfall, 1913, at Jarding- 
ton, 153; Rainfall Records for the 
Southern Counties for the year 1913 


CAR Watt) cystcteaecectanee eves 154-155 
Weather and other Notes taken at 
Jardington during 1913 (J. Ruther- 
LONG)! 0 dasicte<nlorerea aoe eee 144-152 
Artificial Electrification of Atmos- 
DUETS see testen eee e ee 152 
Results of Observations ........ 150-151 
Metcalf, Rev. J. H., Winchester, Massa- 
Chusebistes Waactacenn wore bee 156 


Middlebie Churchyard, 50, 66; Common, 
Lands of, 252; Estate, Plan, 252. 


Midlaggane, Lands of, Parton ...... 197 
MidlawsBurnysceneceskonn eee eee 27 
Mid Torrs, Glenluce, Sandhills, Burials 
Cie ore SHIHCOMAG CON B OL aan asa ceaea 121-4 
Miller, Patrick, of Dalswinton ........ 248 
Walter, in Lindbridgefoord ........ 54 
White, Or Waiislenmgl cossscsonssucase 54 
Milligan, Meligane, Muligane, Andro, in 
Dalascheainnest eae eee 257 
AON Chin IWIN So5tsssonncnecnn 108 
Joseph ves Terreslesmesa-ee eee eneaere 54 
See Amuligane. 
Milnhead Fishing Rights ............ 233 
Milton wtochwes eee eee eee neeean Way PATE 


Mineralogy: General View of, Dumfries- 
Shine maps isaccclhyseer eae ecen teas 252 

Minerals, 9; Antimony Mine, Glendin- 
ning, Langholm, 252; Caledonite, 251; 
Chrysocolla, 251; Gold, Wanlockhead, 
246; Lanarkite, 251; Lead, Wanlock- 
head, 246; Leadhillite, 251; Linarite, 
251; Malachite, 251; Quartz, 127; 
Silver, Wanlockhead, 246. 

Minnigaff, National Covenant signed by 


Parishioners of .............. 114, 254 
Minnins Burne etre eres sere 19, 24, 26, 28 
Minto, John, Blackhills .............. 54 


“Minute Book of the War Committee of 
the Covenanters in the Stewartry of 
KOMIK HG OMAGING PS ocsocacacseaosouc 115 

Mitchell, Sir Arthur ...... 124, 125, 129 

Joseph, in Nethertoun of Stableton 54 

Moat Farm, Lochrutton 

155 LO 205 2159235 25 


Moffat, William, of Hewek ............ 91 
William, in Whittridge ............ 54 
Moffat Churchyard .............. 44, 51 


INDEX. 


Mollusks: Mussels, 141; Whelks, 141; 
Oysters, 141. 

Momorsoun, John .......s....eeeeee 205 

Montford, Simon de ............+0-+ 178 

Montgomery, John, Righeads ........ 65 

Montrose, James Graham, ist Marquess 
OF esonddnesie een t eens aoe ee 113 


Morayshire, 171; Baronies held by Castle- 
guard, 172. 

Moreville, Richard de, constable 166, 167 

Morine, John, of Marinetown, Holywood 


55 

Morris, Morraze, Alexander, in Garlarge 
255 

gon; in) Garlarge! =-ee. eae 256 
Mortons) Dayid™ -ma..seeee nee 216, 217 
James Douglas, 3rd Earl of .. 181, 208 
THOMAS: $62). os cao See eee eee 204 
Mortoun, Barony of, 208; Churchyard, 

Old, 42. 

Moslandis, Lands of ................ 195 


Mossyde, Lands of, Holywood 
Pyke PYAR. HHA. 227, 230 
Mote of Mark, Colvend, Vitrified Stones 


PROM 22. seageussens ot nee eer eee 252 
Motes, Norman Origin of ............ 163 
Mounsey, Arms, at Rockcliffe ........ 55 
Mouswald Churchyard ........ 41, 59, 60 
Moustierian Fossil of Man, 73; Stone 

Implements, 73, 252. 

Muir, Mure, Moore, Muire, James .. 254 
James, Chorlton-cum-Hardy ....... 253 
Jon, in Monegoffe ................. 256 
SusSannay< on 4Hnsasee peer eee 55, 63 
Sir W., of Rowallane .............. 113 
W., apearand of Rowallane ........ 113 


Muircroft, Lands of, Holywood 
226, 228, 229, 230 
Muirhead, Murheid, David .......... 214 
Martin’ * ios ene a eee ee 241 
Robert, son of Martin Murheyd .. 192 
Muirside, Lands of, Holywood 225-8, 230-2 
Mullach Fort, Vitrified Stones from 252 
Mundell, Mundal, John .............. 208 
Robert, tobacconist, Dumfries ...... 65 
Thomas, wright in Tinwald Miln .. 55 


Munro, W. Ross, M.D., Glencairn .... 55 
Murdoch, Murdocht, Rey. Alexander, 
DumtrieSs Hiascasceue noe ee eee 55 
James, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
POM nee carotene be 188, 254 
Jon, in Borland ................. sao SEE) 
JON, In hithlepark ss seeseeeeeeee eee 256 
Robert, in Glenhoise .............. 256 
Murphie, Alexander, baker, Dumfries 55 
Murray, Alexander, Kirkbean ........ 252 
Charles © (i2s.o5s.0 teens hee eee 192 
Charles, tenant in Broomholm ...... 56 
Cuthberteereereceece piavejelaiejeicisral eevee trees 
George, of Murraythwaite .......... 56 


INDEX. 


VIET Vt SITs asa roic sec ait tetaieiP store vais 0 Sse" 113 
RUAINIOR Sot claret Welsla!sialen'g ei Hae AR SAN Oe, 208 
Master James, Vicar of Terreglis 

201, 207 

Sin On, OL COKPUIC a. cns cwanieacns se 86 
Jon, elder and younger, in Barncauchall 
256 

John, schoolmaster, Canonbie ...... 56 
HOM A ITAKINOLNC) <csioa'aie neste eis bale 256 
WO, OL ONSLOW 2. 6c 2cc asnansesc 56 
RUORETE SION CUBE Vilantcicsctg cic ie'es\o. o,sis)e ele)s.aye 110 
Patrick, elder and younger, in Stroubay 
256 

PBIGEr AID SULOUDAY, bcsicc:e vies ciel were 256 
BUC LTOOUGED. cc.e scsi cisieu's ses eeiecs 56 
MOMites tT NUCEOUNE: c\. ¢sauw cae ccicccless 56 
Family of, Comlongan, Arms ..... 56 

Musgrave, Richard, Stapleton ........ 56 

MNERERY EM fete erate stale afuls sols s.asciginie  s'b/ate'seis 171 

Nairn’s Croft, Holywood ............ 228 

Waper, aR, of Culcreuche ............ 113 

Neanderthal Man ............ 73-4, 75, 77 

“Negroid’”’ (Grimaldi), Race of Man 

74, 75 

Neidpath (Nethpecht) ............... 216 

GWG OONSON ccrcecc a Suaciedccicisaciusies 195 

Neill, Janet, Troqueer .......... 201, 214 

NEILSON (Nelsoun), GEORGE: Dum- 

fries: Its Burghal Origin .... 157-176 


Janot, wife of —. Scot, in Stepfurd 199 


John, burgess of Dumfries .... 208, 209 
COE FCAT a ate 2 tae ee see 56 
POR Twit SUUICHC sone. ce scree sicie es 0) 189 
Nerbudda Valley, India, Animal Remains 
73 
ERA IRLUET StS «siecle c auleac cle ce ois 131 
Netherbordland, Lands of .......... 198 
Nether Denton Churechyard.... 41, 42, 60 
Nethergarvald, Lands of ............ 204 
Nether Killylung, Lands of, Holywood 
225-30 
Nether Kirkcudbright, Lands of, Glen- 
ETC cise vice dee e 241s 195, 198, 206 
Neujmin, —— Pulkova Observatory, St 
PS EOPR DUT OM ie cielp areicie cocsieh wealth shore 156 
Newabbey, see Sweetheart Abbey. 
Newabbey Churchyard ............ 60, 64 
NSA WMETENITIG SUS aac cisicicie.sialeien sce ete neeieic.« wiece 72 


Newall, David, Bailie, Dumfries 
; 104, 198, 201, 204 
FORT SUMINEICS: s.cSaiece'avielss cine seems 202 


UCT RS pestlts /atajoin'e's,éjtvac.c $i5,-0 dite sis ateiciors 192 
‘homas, WOuUMITIGS .. 0.2.0.2 swecncs 218 
Walter OF (Cralgend.’ s..c0 «cseseviess 56 
Newlands, —., of that Ilk .. 179, 189, 190 
Andrew, burgess of Dumfries ...... 207 


Kentigern, Burgh Officer, Dumfries 
190, 219, 220 
New Orchard, Arms ...........00. 40, 44 
New South Wales, Customs in........ 130 


291 

Newtoun of Holywood, Lands of...... 223 
Nicholson, ‘Nickalson, Isaac, flax-dresser, 
Of BL AMNUGE far cledalcieb ests cee slsitaicles 57 
OND.) DaltOn. scepk w aula crs ahis'ctse'sre%9 57 
OHM. OL | DUMETIES. + cetias csniemecss.= 191 
Night, Nyt, Nycht, Sir Archibald, Vicar 
OUMEVSIH abe utean ce wats. 94, 107, 188 
Katrine, wife of John Nicholson, Dum- 
PEIOS Y wracisecreiscrcsioce + seins clea se Cee ata’s 192 
Nineveh, Excavations at ...........- 129 
Nith, Measure of »..........seeee. 180, 189 


Nith, River, 12, 183; Fishings, Cowhill, 
230, 231, 252, 233. 


Nixon, Nixson, James, of Croft ........ 57 
James, of Nobelstown ............-. 57 
Waites ORC BIAKA™ a anietsls nite cpinelelaciiariaie = 57 

Noble, James, of Holmhead .........- 57 

Norfolk, Duchess of ............ 225, 226 


Norman Settlement of Galloway 

159-166, 171 
Northern Race of Man .............. 76-7 
Norvay, Alexander, in Mains of Logan, 


ESOC UAL) eee raieraie crnsste'a 0 sie aie slave's, sia, a(eleceibie’ 192 
Nunholm, Nonholme, Lands of ...... 253 
Nunlands, Nonlandis, Lands of, Loch- 

PULUGOM Pt epehtatornere cea ciels ct7e!cleisiste'e | ovis 193 
Nutchie, Australian Black’s ‘“ devil- 

LOVE Less tora eefolatesibieis’s\eia sini clojac sina aie 130 
Oban, Azilian Race of Man near ...... 75 
(OG REY Sa oAGen ISO GUO CUCU DNIGORSOUOOT 75 
Ogilvy, Ogiluy, —., of Inchmartrie .. 113 

UAIMESs POLO OLE. wie vsininic saw see's /o cists 110 
Old Mill Cottage, Lochrutton 13, 17, 22, 23 
OUTArG WAGON” ccpemcjsiele ences cele nele «'sle 166 
OVEVER SORT a ecice nie tice ncn s sls sicsaeisis’s 197 

William, burgess of Drumfres, King’s 

TRE SSCIIS EM oi cei eclecn ccsalalere,e,8)« 190, 222 
Oronsay, Azilian Race of Man near .. 75 
Ovirbordland, Partoun ............... 185 
Ovirclauchop (St. Michael’s Chapel), 

IER 0) Berar ton bp OSH OCHOOE acorn 218 
Overgarvald, Lands of ............+.. 204 
Ovirholme,; Lands Of <2. 2.02002 cceeceas 195 
Ovirkirkcudbrycht, Land of, Glencairn 

216, 217 
Overlaggane, Lands of, Parton ...... 197 
Oversmen, ‘OMCe: Of s.cecnscce eas ao it 177-8 
Oxford’ ‘Councils, 1186). os. ce cees 169 
Pagan, Padzane, John, merchant, 

EGCREPDIC) We a cccitowee het Mocs ecieies.« 57 

Mathow, dempster, Dumfries .. 95, 107 

Joseph, innkeeper, bailie, Maxwell- 

OMT etic gy siviectinie so helnivies od Win saih she's 57 
Palestine, 245; Worship of Pebbles in, 

124, 134. 

Palmer, Pallmer, —., of Wallhead .. 57 
Jonny, Of Scaleby Bill coivcccesectants 57 
Pantonson, John, in Thornyk ........ 195 
AU OUTAR Si eriard sic tvieless eivlee sicle ares ate 187, 191 
PAPI Tee NEAPIOUN: “a sc cre heen wee sercuN ers ~ (8s 


292 INDEX. 

Parker, —., Brampton .......... ...... 57 Pottery, King’s Castle, Kirkcudbright 119 
—., butcher, Brampton ............. 57 Potts, James, of Hollens ............ 59 
Robert, dyker, Brampton .......... 57 Prebenda, Richard de .............+.. 167 
Wm., in Westgillsyke ............... 57 + Preistlandis, Lands of ............ 212, 213 

Parton, 181; Barony of, 186; House, 186; Pringill, Jo., of Stittchell ............ 113 

Mill, 197; Twenty Shilling Land of, Printing, Cost Of <2. 2... 01. es seme vars 10 
197. Protocol Book of Herbert Anderson, 


Pasley, James, of Craig .............. 58 
Paterson, Patrickson, —., of Low Crosby 
58 

Andro, Dumfries ................ 95, 109 
Benjamin, in Crowbank ............ 68 
Francis, mason, Applegarth ........ 58 
Francis, of Dormontflosh ............ 58 
Herbert, Dumfries ..,............. 104 
James, in Dormontflosh ............ 58 
John sine Crow banker ceric iets 58 
UOlbe, thi IDENT Soousondnonsunabooue 58 
John, Bailie, Dumfries ............ 182 
Robert, Dumfries .................. 104 
Wm., mason, in Ecclefechan ....... 58 
Paviland Cave, ‘‘Red Lady” ........ 74 
Paxton, Wm., jun., merchant, in 
LOCKErDIG: 3)5 a5,3,aeselstrecaiereess aretelers cvsieke 58 
Wm., merchant, in Lockerbie ........ 58 
Pears; —-,) BLamppon) ia. cee seen ssise 58 
FAL AIT Pays (oka erayeyotcic nparn ste sieisiatenieietetere 58 
ae EL WWOILOM Ye aectaislrtnteriaiiente areca 58 


Peirson, Peter, Curate of Carsphairn 250 
Peat Know, Lands of, Middlebie .... 252 
Pebbles, White Quartz, and their Archzo- 
logical Significance (N. Lebour) 
121-134 
Penman, A. C., Dumfries ............ 143 
Penmynydd Churchyard, Anglesea .... 127 
Pennersax Churchyard, 46, 50, 70; Cross, 
70. 


Perrott, John, of Blitterlees .......... 59 
Perth, Right of Sheriffship ............ 96 
Petrie, Rev. Robert, minister of Canonbie 

59 
Pllenes Mrs aesetinslca aoe cle setae 125 


Philip, Phillips, Phlip, David, in Yets 59 
Thomas, of Crosby-on-Eden and Middle 


Memiplelseajseierelesticiaon sorieeriiosieisterels 59 
Thomas, Irthington ................ 59 
ICES) eiacs olateieisisieyeriistareshsiortn mee Rae tee 127 
Piltanton Burn, Glenluce ........ 121, 123 


Piltdown, Sussex, Animal Remains, 72; 
Skull of Man, 72, 73; Stone Imple- 


ments, 72. 
Pinkie, Pynkee ............000008 212, 213 
Pitcairn, Robert: ‘‘ Criminal Trials ’”’ .. 87 
Planets, Mars, Neptune, Saturn ...... 156 
Pool, James, of Blacketlees ........ 59 


Portrack Estate, Holywood, 225-6, 230-3; 
Lower, Lands of, 232. 
Potstoun, Lands of, Middlebie ...... 252 
Potter, John, farmer, Roucan ........ 59 
Mertyne, Dumfries ................ 108 


Notary in Dumfries (1541-1550) (ed. 
Sir P. J. Hamilton-Grierson) 176-224 


Proyosts, Powers of ..........4. 96, 100 
Proudfoot, Thomas, Port Elizabeth, South 

ADDI AL Eiercisisi= cies creiate Joaeaneeaioeine 59 
Purdoun, Nicholas ................ 94, 109 
Quatrefagas, A. de .............ss0e. .. 74 


Queensberry, Sir William Douglas, ist 

Earl of, Viscount Drumlanrig .... 178 
Quhippo, Nicholas, Notary Public .. 216 
Quhite, see White. 


Quinci, Robert de ................ 166, 167 
Radulf or Ranulf, son of Dunegal .... 166 
Rae, Raa, George, in Hayford ........ 60 
John. merchant, in Bus ............ 59 
John, burgess of Dumfries .......... 203 
Mathew, merchant, in Ecclefechan .. 60 
Thomas, Tundergarth .............. 60 
William ucel a.m seer ee ABOLEOOD 59 
Raid at Dumfries on Lammas Even, The 
(G. W. Shirley) ..... Rantennne 78-111 

Raining, see Ranying. 

Riamsay\ Allan 4 s.'asres.« <elencuersalseye 248 
Sir G. Ballmeine .................. 113 
Jon, in Bardrochwood ............ 256 
Johne, procurator for Dumfries 98, 111 
Johne, of Edintoune ................ 113 

Ranyning, John, Provost, Dumfries 253 
Aon, WMTANC cogccaccoasnatcossuos 207 
Ronald, Dumfries ............. Por aes cee) 
hom as!  \..clsaseee esha eee eee 202 
Thomas, senior, burgess of Dumfries 218 
Thomas, Tinwald .............+sseees 207 

Rebellion, 1715) \.viicniSes essen eee 115 

Rebels, Act anent the Reset of (1512) 91 

Redyk; Herbert) :s-.0. <ceeeieeeeeee 212 
TON, is \ajeicieresewrnslerstese erect sseenete 213 
PaulSsof Dalbatya ceases eens 212 
See also Rodick. 

Redlynnis, Lands of ...... Syaistdarceeretetainte 195 

Regality, Right of sc <se eee 96 

Reid (Reyde), Prof. R. W., of Aberdeen 

123 
DODM: 65s ss) acekisenisiece siete aed . 205, 215 
Jon, in Craigdews ................ 256 
Jon, in Dalashecairnes ............ 256 
Mathew, in Craigdews ............ 256 
Matthew, Dumfries ................ 203 


Robert, ‘‘ Rob Wanlock ’”’ 

246, 247, 249, 251 
J. C. Corsane, of Mouswald Place .. 60 
R. C., of Mouswald Place ........ 252 
THOMAS hacienda renters ei raraceta es tafay erste 255 


ee 


INDEX. 


Reid, Sir Thomas, of Greystone Park, 


Dumfries ........ Sib Cas eaernininstc'g's 60 
Reidhall, Lands of ..... tetuspielees cele 204 
Rents, Payment in kind .......... 180, 189 
Repentance Hill, Coal Borings, 253; 

Tower, Arms at, 41, 56. 

Rerwick Churchyard .............. 46, 52 
MUHLDS Ors arescckicecee vi sonics s mee ae 159 
miehard, (8 “thiek *.s)\jccess soe ccecrs 174-5 
Richardson, Rechertson, John, in Barch 60 
Jonn, elder, Dumfries .......2..+ 253 
Joseph, of Holmfoot .............+.. 60 
MUNRO tr olalcis cities one ea aiejsersie's oneal 208 
AUTOHEAE “ctor scialeleisisicislersieja vines Sthercr 208 
Wm. Orn Dentonhall! <.ccenecsewes wef G0 
Waite Ot ELOUNLOOU a cscs ass Seicc eee ae 60 
Riddell, J. R., of Kinharvey .......... 60 


Robert, of Glenriddell; Addenda to the 
Statistical Account of Scotland (ed. 


H. S. Gladstone) ..........e00s 10-11 
BVP femtetete nieicicleists cistevorcta'e sais sicaisiece cina'e 113 
Ridley, John, blacksmith, in Batinbush 60 
Rig, John, Bailie, Dumfries ...... 103, 104 
Peter, Dean of Guild, Dumfries .... 96 
Peter, bailie, Dumfries .... 202, 204, 209 
BU SARRIRACUESOM ~ or ahate alata’ evol'ere 018 eS) av oiase.e sakes 204 
DVE SOL SIGNELTCY: « cis'oiss sls/elanle sve oca'e 113 
PRREMENOOU!! ac cisiais's cc.a's's' eve sale’ 13,15, 185-24 
Ritchie, Reche, Finlay .............. 204 
RESSICOTINGUS MS TiAwioia A eis'e’sicraiaisic S.0'p sacle wales 214 
RUNVOPEUE DM NURI vicicls.c sient oie sisos0caasaece 73 
BUR UARNOM cs)-to ls lota¥e'e's v Sa 0 05 wislercisinleis are Fimsone 74 
IGN GPNAGTIOVAS «ti cicceraeiew ies deus seein 189 
Robert I., the Bruce ........ 74, 120, 173 
Robert, Duke of Normandy (Curthose) 161 
Robert, the Chaplain’... .0cceccccce ons 167 
Robinson, John, M.D., of Carlisle Dis- 
NUSEUSV ea ere clase cxisnatsletein Riis cleuieieentarere 61 


ROBISON, JOSEPH, 252: Further Excaya- 
tions at the King’s Castle, Kirkeud- 


PSRIPMID er aiatecre cic vicie ais’ b:0.0 9 bree eels 116-121 
Robson, —., of the Side .............. 61 
Elizabeth, Lanercost ........ccse0 61 
pames, an Terauchty 62.03. .cccses 189 
GMM OL SENG SIE) s).002 ssecae sees cs 61 
PONY WN VHOLAUCHLY 4c ciecie ecic oie cicielers 189 
Mariota, relict of Thomas Fergussoun 
224 
Richara. of “Pealabill i.) 63055 $cc02 61 
Roger, in Holm of Dunkow ........ 224 
Rockcliffe, Arms of Mounsey Family at 55 
Rodick, Thomas, of Flosh ............ 61 
See also Redik. 
HOLA MIG TUCHELER ©... .iccss cone ee 167 
ROUTE AER MOC iaelelcin's viele pruaiere'e.« ea’ciece see ceaw aad 
Rome, James, in Liverpool .......... 61 
Roresoun, Andrew, senior ...... 195, 204 


Andrew, of Bardanoch .... 198, 200, 205 
Andrew, of Kirkcudbrycht 198, 199, 206 


293 


Roresoun, Andrew, junior, tutor of Bar- 


NAWOCH BH. ot ecletne 2 ote +e» 216, 217, 219 
Besseta, wife of John Edgar of Inglis- 
GOWN “dels atulen seer cle cteuimaraats nicer an 200 
Gilbert-:.sstbe<es BOSON ACL COROse 195 
Gilbert, son of Andrew Roresoun, of 
IBRTOARNOGH tench cielais's scans care 199 
John, son of Andrew Roresoun of 
AMGANNOCH U ciaesieelcwbinciivis anes ss 198 
BPH i cr exciets soatcda se sisisiee'e Wai <iels'a em sre 200 
Ross, —.; OF REMI W® .o5.50.60 550000010 808 61 
James, Of Balneill 52. .cececscccuss 113 
Rothes, John Leslie, 6th Earl of ...... 113 
OOUREN;, ands: OL4%. «cic cee cic sssviceasc 208 
Routledge, Adam, of Hilend .......... 62 
AGAR, OL REISUOWEL i eiercls cies aivinteniasl« 61 
Archibald, of Park ..... a Sponte abd 62 
Robert, of Grahamsonset .......... 62 
Robert, of Greenholme ............ 62 
PHOMHRS OL TMIDUU sree co nemie accsieee 62 
Thomas, of Kirkbeckstown, masson 62 
Thomas, of Smithsteads ............ 61 
Roxburghe, Roxburght, Alexander 254, 257 
RUBY arais wie reverent ona: traveteve rani ntote, ovbve W)erere 254 
Jon, in Kirochtrie ....... stejoiacerete ors 256 
Robert, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
Wis; Im) MON LORG ire. 5 ccc cicce'sis.e 256 
Roxburgh) Castles tnccessss<ccs ss 163, 173 
Roxburghshire, Baronies held by Castle- 
RBITeRIEN te etn (elelole eteie sisi defn e's ejeisic aivie «c's 172 
Rural Dean, (OMmce’ OF oe. cece. cc es-2e0 191 
RUTHERFORD, JOHN: Astronomical 


Notes for 1913, 156-157; Weather and 
other Notes taken at Jardington 
during 1913, 144-152. 

Rutherglen, 158, 159-160; Castellany of, 
159-60, 171; Castle, 159; Shire of, 160. 

Ruthwell Churchyard, 56, 68, 69; Cross: 
The Literary Histories of the Crosses 
at Ruthwell and Beweastle (J. K. 


IO WISON) i ac cacertsoelse teeee ace ss 11 
Rutton River, 15, 17, 20; Valley, 17, 20 
Sadler, Saidler, John .............. 213 


St. Andrews, Bishopric 
Bishop of, 168, 170. 
St. Brelade, Jersey, Human Fossils .. 73 


of, 170; Hugh, 


Stn COMMDPA © vase vloccicses conselstes 131, 132 
Sanct Michell Chapell (Ovirclauchop), 

MANGBLON 7. scat cfonbies Selene si oelevs eee 218 
Sts Mungo, Tomb: O6) s.accee se acetate 160 
St. Mungo Churchyard 38, 42, 43, 62, 64 
Si-cSiwithen’ ss Day wove tesessenes«vace 148 
Samingtoune, Sir B., Mirtinrig ...... 113 
SHHACIANGIN- I Wierkgnes cece ses cencekcek es 114 
Banguhary, “Barony OL iiccess cuca ean 80 
Scaife, —., of Walton Rigg .......... 62 
Scaleby Churchyard .............. 57, 63 
Scandinavia, Neolithic Man in ...... 76 
Seandinavian Race of Man .......... 76-7 


294 
RYorie KasoncudooobonsouEs pialejeterere Sououd 143 
Schaumasse, M.A., Nice Observatory 156 
Schitling, Thomas ..............-2.00. 212 
Schitlingtoun, Marion, in Burnside of 
Stronschilloch ..................-- 216 
William, of Stanehous ........ 179, 187 
Schleswig-Holstein, Neolithic Man in .. 76 
Scotland, Feudal Settlement, 159-60; 
Fishermen, Superstitions of, 128; 


“Lord High Treasurers’ Accounts,” 
87, 92; Neolithic Man in, 76; Primi- 
tive Culture (Azilian) in, 75. 
Scotland, ‘‘ Statistical Account,’ Addenda 
to the, by Robert Riddell (ed. H. S. 


GIEGISOMNES) seooccccnsncnpno scone 10-11 
Scott, Scute, Scuit, Scot, Adam, of 
PUSCHETAW. atetrereratier cloves ecersieretesiersele 91 
INIESEINIAR, Ge SoaaneacsoqabHoDHGooUdGG 114 
Cuthbert, in Stepfurd .............. 199 
Davids in) Blackhalll evr. ances 62 
Davids in) Castlehill) faeces cision <= 62 
Georse Canon bie wrrc.tsy-tsjeteyessieleleleiaie -isiete 63 
George, in Colicge of Linclowdan .. 81 
James, in Borland .......... eaten 62 
John, in Banksidegate .............. 62 
John OL CrooOkbUrnN eee een eeee 62 
John, PersondyKe ...........seeeee- 63 
John, son of Cuthbert Scot, in Step- 
PURO sie eteictayarcta tics atetelemeleerenine st 199 
NicholasssDumiricsereeeeeeeeeeeeeee 219 
(Patricks ri eet 180, 193, 196, 203 
Rash OL). Wold cicitas ian ei nccansiele emits 114 
Robert, in Stepford ...............- 199 
Thom, in the Merwood ............ 81 
Scott’s Brigg, Lands of, Middlebie .. 252 


“Scots Peerage, The,’’ ed. by Sir James 


Balfour ePanliayjeisserciteyieleleeiciesiseiele 83 
Serymgeor, Jonet, wife of James 3rd, Lord 

Carlyle of Torthorwald .......... 208 
Sebergham Churchyard ................ 63 
Sesesikey Wandsy Ob pe cmeenecein ceiccerter 218 
Selkirk, sharlsmotessees cy eceiececr 120 
Sempill, Sir E. B., Beltreis .......... 113 
Semple, Dr William, Dumfries .. 142, 143 
Sergeac, Dorgogne, Stone Implements 

ATOM He trsve terse else avons yorenecone ciate rleaaverote 252 


HANTS a scs casero socuoodoDoaKUonoOooS 194 
YOO, in ANSI) Sooosocaccspcade 219 
AGN, Cr ION Soocoboneccase ay, (aye 
Shaw, Captain Alexander M‘K., of 
WAP: INOS Goosucoocdduonsonces 63 
David, in Monewik .................- 255 
James, Schoolmaster, Tynron .. 246, 247 
UL UOWOPIIES sod aaugdeagaocooddnDGe 113 
Shawhead Village .................... 17 
Shealinghill, Lochrutton ...... 13, 16, 23 
Sheriff, Powers of ..............+. 96, 100 


Sheriffship of Dumfries, 80-1, 98; Right of, 
96. 


INDEX. 


SHIRLEY, G. W., 116, 176, 177-9: The 
Raid at Dumfries on Lammas Even, 
1508, 78-111; A Unique Example of the 
National Covenant of 1638, 111-115. 

Shortt, Francis, Town Clerk, Dumfries 63 

Shortrick, Schortrik, John, Dumfries 220 


Matthews ..ien..h Sse certeeeeeaee 197 
Sibbaldbie Churchyard .............. 36 
Sibson, Thomas, of Grinsdale ........ 63 
Sieiby. jobs cSanccs dian gee eee es eee 72 
Simmeral, Wm., Arthuret ............ 63 
Simpsoun, Symson, Alexr., in Laggane 256 

Culbert, in Monegoffe .............. 256 

George, of Scaleby ...............0.- 63 

Jane, wife of Peter Irving of Port 

Carlisle |. :.eis;0/03 ces sneer 63 

TOWN ess aeclene eee wisiajceteiasboete 210 

Sir John, chaplain .............. 94, 109 

Jon, in Clauchrie .................- 255 

John, of Lonning Head ............ 63 

Thomas, in Tochreline .............. 257 


Sinclar, Sinklar, George, Dumfries .. 100 
Thomas 
William, of Auchenfrankaugh .... 197 


Siwalik Hills, Northern India.......... 71 
Skae Loch 22a ekckose aceweee eee eee 27 
Skalegarholme, Lands of ............ 195 
Skallioy Mand's! of .-s0-eeienieeeeeeeeee 204 
Skistinholm, Land of ................ 215 
Slack, Luke, of Fawcetlees ............ 63 
Slaethorncroft, Lands of, Holywood.. 230 
Sligo} Burials) aber ee eee eee eee 127-8 
OME, VOW ososcncosncccanodadenu0cc- 254 

Jon, in Machirmore ................ 256 

Wm., in Monegoffe ................ 256 


See also Asloan. 
Smart, Alexander, gardener at Kellhead 63 


Bartholomew, in Marquhryne .... 199 
Smith, Smycht, Smyth, Amer ........ 216 
Edward, freeman of London ........ 64 
JOHN i .5 Seta a osetia eee eee 205 
John, Barkcleasehead .............. 64 
Johns in| Sorrysike (seers seaeeeeeee 64 
Matthew, Bellfield, Holywood ...... 257 
Nicholas, of Thirlwall .............. 64 
Dr RR. Angus: |. cep eee eee 124 
Willian. 20s. 35.0 s.cyufelcaeeee eee eee 192 
Wm., Barrclosehead ...............- 64 
Wm., perfumer, Dumfries .......... 64 
Snayde, Barony of .................. 215 
Solutrean Race of Man, 75, 76; Stone 


Implements, 75, 252. 
Solway, Sulwath, Fishery, 139; Ford, 170 
Soria, Spain, Animal Remains, 73; Stone 
Implements, 72, 73. 


Spain oi. c2. S55 ibe wpokienre ster Ghee epee 76 
Sproat; —-)) Harlan) jcensetesaeee eee 64 
Spy, Skull of Man) 22. psssse eee 73 
Stampfield, Sir James ................ 246 
Stanley, Arthur P., Dean ............ 245 


INDEX. 


Staplegorton, Staplegordon, 
173; Churchyard, 50. 
Stapleton Churchyard 
44, 48, 50, 56, 57, 61, 63 
Starke, James, of Troqueer Holm .. 78-9 
“Statistical Account of Scotland,” 
Addenda to the, by Robert Riddell! of 
Glenriddell (ed. H. S. Gladstone) 10-11 


Barony of, 


Stavely, Mr, of Rothesay ............ 140 
Steel, Steile, Steal, George, in Closcis 64 
Patrick, DUMLPIeS. fes:4. ce cis o.nis's-c wiaie.ecs 202 
Steamboat, Patrick Miller’s ........ 248 
MPEDLOTE  FEANOS (OL) j. ciscrisedesine cess 199 
MEE ALGONS | LiATOS: OL scs'ecavsle sous as 214 
Stevenson, Steinsoune, Steynsone, Sir 
SEGM MeCN ADIOUN: oe ase. a:sts dpieie:clele ena es 84 
Jon, in Dalashecairnes ............ 256 
Thomas, in Cawgell .............00. 256 
PUSS AMN Mae eraiattetet ahs wie: 1510) asereicte Viele: cia ata’ cere 249 
Stewart, Steuart, —. ........cscceees 257 
rem MeT NMA ONILY  <s,o\nivalee: nisssicle oeialeeseieys 254 
Agnes, wife of John 4th Lord Maxwell 
88 

PUR GOD Pave e!ctelais vice bie deraes o'e 254, 257 
PUlessT IT HOTIANG » -</s)5.ciein.ecee wees 255 
Alesrcn in OClaUChTiC che. cescn sees 255 


Alexander (Archibald), of Finthelauch 


189, 197 

Sir Alexander, of Garlies .......... 88 
Alexander, of Garelis ...... 187, 211, 257 
Alexander; vin: Largs. oc. os ceases 255 
UNG TODO G Ws (Re ee Ng Oa 187, 193 
Archibald, merchant brugess of Dum- 
PMIE Sue looeeatere sists ove Site ea deicatede steaictiae 253 
PAMOLE Weeilacs cement Gace sone reccie 201 
Andrew, Bishop of Caithness ...... 92 
Herbert, warden of the Greyfriars of 
PISMO R Soe cersiecc cme Pectanisen eosin 188 
LETTS ORS G Gee ae een ie oa Saar ea 257 
RUTATIRE te ateisisiwca'c's' eye, vidiciaipicicievernnents 254, 257 
Ne Obe OOLSUALL morcc sa ecewicr sot oese 114 
James, belze of Mongyf .......... 254 
JIE ek > ot A ae a 211, 254 
EASTON OLN) +s 2% wie ews eo sets 187, 201, 211 
John, in Carneselloch .............. 200 
PEON AC ALEUCL 5. ot earwolsaiaeeleoeees 257 
POU ClAUCHTIC: co ns.c'arccterd sas Dee ene 255 
Jon, elder and younger, in Drongan- 
BV erator ia see's cits. sia tale o cte ne ie ate 255 
MOM SUUIIEAL ON 2. 5 sie o.0csicie'cs no beneine eas 255 


Margaret, wife of George Johnston of 
Cowhill, Holywood ............ 46, 64 
Nicolas, of Castle-Stewart, wife of Col. 
William Maxwell of Cardoness .. 115 


Patricks in) Caruuer. ..cvics vce conc 257 
Paurick, in Craionine .....c.ssscce0 256 
PpiraCha mI GAPIATOE 22s cas ene cc cies 255 
PETA AT EAE DY oie sarees wcarsiale\ voice aXe o 255 
Patrick, in’ Monegoffe ...:.......... 256 


Robert, in Cardorkane ........ 255, 257 


295 

Stewart, Thomas, in Larg ............ 255 
Walter; (Of BATELY) @ sicccisis;-0ie.ce vibes 207 
Sir William, chaplain .............. 219 
William, in Glenshalloch .......... 255 
Wm., of Shambelly ..........seseeeee 64 
William, Provost of Lincluden, Bishop 
OF SA DETACOM hora vache. ocewais 189, 193 
Stirliny, ~., overseer, Leadhills ...... 248 


Stirling, 176; Barony, held by Castleguard, 
173; Castle, 163; Right of Sheriffship, 
96. 


SLrocks, Dumiries’ GS dsccche oases cavern 101 
SLORDLIGs od ODN! vc cies vive aslelsietsie a. siaeierebe aes 88 
LONG ITWOS pV kcotie aialalarelelsts'e este Gn ime. crates 74 
Snones Ape Burials «,, newslepesiseniesriemine 122 
Muone” GITCIES ewe vp wel piceis a emieie estas sie 76 
Stone Implements: Axe, East Preston, 

252; Harpoon, River Dee, Kirkcud- 


bright, 75; White Quartz Pebbles and 
their Archeological Significance (N. 
Lebour), 121-134; Aucheulean, 73, 252; 
Aurignacian, 252; Chellean, 73; 
Cromagnon, 74; Holywood, 257; La 
Micognian, 252; Lag-my-Boiragh, Isle 
of Man, 128; Magdalenian, 252 ; 
Moustierian, 73, 252; Piltdown, Sussex, 
72; Solutre, 75, 252; Soria, Spain, 72, 
73. 


Stones, Carved, Friars’ Carse ........ 70 
EONESs | CNALIN? wiecese cre sieves c/sicineves 00% 131-2 
Stones, Marriage, Tinwald .......... 55 
Stones, Vitrified, Castle Gower, Fort 


Edgarton, Mote of Mark, Colvend, 
Mullach Fort, 252. 
Stony Beck, Lands of, Middlebie . .. 252 


Story, David; of Know Sn... chess: 65 
Francis, of Lake, Schoolmaster .... 65 
George, of Longtho «<2... .-.0s0.00s 65 
Richard, Kirklinton) .5 005%. <.<ceieis's 65 
Thomas, of Justicetown ............ 65 

Stothart, Stothert, T. C., of Blaiket 65 
Thomas, in Linbridgefoord .......:.. 65 

Stott, Ebenezer, of Castle Dykes, Dum- 

POIOS Me slok wie etacelealeinrs eis clare eee nlaseelwis 65 
Watson, of Kelton, Kirkcudbright .. 65 

SUOWID POI DROMAS sice:.ieie ore o's sionlee ects 187 

BaPA pea AN fe,c7< dss 0s:c.s wire claleislors 159, 172 

DULADNCI VCE: o;6:0:a12 asine shale ak.e oc.csisiesleicvie 159 

Strathfillan, Pool of St. Fillan ....... 132 

SUPAL ETE # >, senor cinictsipieteic ls aie moe sicierevare 169 

Sinadel E bh emasascapoeaooDe 159, 162, 172 

Stroncastell, Lands of, Glencairn ...... 90 

Stronsay, Orkney, Burial at .......... 126 


Stronschilloch, Lands of, Glencairn, 194, 
199, 204, 216; Burnesyde of, 216, 217 


Sturgioun, Stergioun, Andrew ...... 192 
Helen, wife of Andrew M‘Burnie, 
HOCHTnGOUNY (GRAIG! ec ckwnclsitaiurelee 196 
WOU oo ars ctv Mieieisinjeisalslsvace Gureisieatellelse® 192 
WAHTAING 55 cp ecae ec earitgiswerenee Cane 203 


296 ’ INDEX. 

Suffolk and Essex Fishery Board Report, Thornyk, Lordship of .......... RA AcE 195 
rhs Gadae a favaieieDoveve, prafevalarelersle eles 139-41 MET ACTANS ein ceinisisicelereieleteceisie erelarel set 127 
Summerhill (Over Killylung), Holywood Tibbaris, Barony Of ......-.....++-.e- 215 
: 230 Tilbury, Skull of Man .............+0. 74 
Summary Procedure Act, 1864 ...... 100 Tinwald, Tinvald, Tynvald, Barony of, 
Sun, Eclipses, 1913 ................... 156 173; Churchyard, 35, 55; Churchyard 
Superstitions, Plant (S. Arnott), 115; Gate, Marriage Stone, 55; House, 
Scottish Fishermen, 128. Arms. 43; Lordship of, 207; Toun- 

Swan, R., Druidpark ................ 225 heid of, 207. 
* Swanson, Captain Francis, Dumfries .. 65 Tod, Thomas, Middlebie .............. 66 
Sweetheart Abbey (Newabbey) ...... 161 Torthorwald Churchyard, 59, 70; Cross, 


Swinburn, Joseph, of the Kilewood .... 65 
Switzerland, Brachycephalic People from 


76 

Symington, William ................-. 248 
Syrian Desert. ssas.escisemelee seleievcis versie 71 
Mipverer yin, JEANIE S550cu000c0080Gn009000 192 
Tail Burn, Moffat ...<...........-.0.- 28 
Tait, Tate, Adam, in Newtoun of Holy- 
WG! Goooococudoenouuasoooncucnouna 223 
David, of Clarkstown .............. 65 
George, in Barclay ..............5. 255 
John, in Drongaher ................ 257 
Patrick, in Barony ..............6. 257 
Patrick, in Borgane ................ 255 
Robevt, in Borgane ................ 255 


Robert, in Newtoun of Holywood .. 223 
Tasmanians, Uses of Crystals and White 


Quartz Pebbles Among ........ 129-30 
Taylor, John, Leadhills .............. 248 
Teasdale, Bridget, of Mumpshall .... 66 

George, of Mumpshall .............. 65 

John, of Mumpshall .............. 66 

Margaret, of Mumpshall ............ 66 
Telford, George, Kirkbankhead ........ 66 
Templetoun, James ............ 194, 198 
Templand, Lands of .................. 204 
Tenancy, Process of Removing .. 179, 186 
Tennands) William’ sects. seveeeeee cca 198 
Terrachtrye (Terrautti), Lands of .. 176 
Terauchty, Over, Lands of .......... 189 


Terregles Churchyard, 52, 54, 57; Max- 
well Vault, Arms, 52-3; MS., 79-80, 87 


Thirlmere lakes ses jaeee cc sees eee 27 
Phirstane “Hillier aac enee eee eee 249 
Thomson, Thomsoune, Alexander, in 
Brigtounes siiarscenis sonicnee nen -. 265 
lexander, in Cammer .............. 255 
Donald, in Kirochtrie .........:.... 256 
WOHN ss iyasieniso one ase ae 189, 193, 204 
John, in Werreglis .+:............. 224 
Patrick? sc soe eee eee 254, 255 
Patrick, in Killkerow .............. 255 
Pete aicisttiates acte lor cane renee terete 225 
sxichard, of Crowdyknow ............ 66 
Thomas's; shhh dees wee 174, 222-3 
William, in Holywood .............. 225 
Walliams insbarceseeeee eee ee neon oe 257 


Thorbrand, Andrew 
Archibald ............ Helsrnetcttesisteimaie 186 


70; Mains, Lands of, 208. 
Tracey, Rt. Hon. James, Dumfries .... 66 
Tregallon, Lochrutton ................ 13 
Troqueir Church, 201, 214; Churchyard, 
38, 47, 51, 54, 56, 69; Gallows, 184; 
Mote, 161, 163; Town of, 201, 214; 
Vicarage Tiends, 187. 
Trotter, John Pitcairn, Advocate, Dum- 
PLIES fo bee cael oe Ee .. 66 
Tundergarth Churchyard 
35, 41, 44, 45, 46, 60 


Tunic of Paris Black ............ 179, 187 
TUNIS: se Rages retain cee octane eee 72 
Turnbull, Andrew, Savannah, Georgia 66 
J:5:0f Mynto! 225.0222 2a eae 113 
John, in Longlands ................ 66 
Walter, in Watshill ................ 66 
Turner, Turnor, Turnour, Sir John, 
Official of Glasgow ................ 188 
Thomas, of Breahead .............. 66 
Master William’ 3..2ssceceeeeeeee ee 198 
Tweeddale, Twedale, John Hay, 8th Lord 
Hay of Yester, 1st Earl of ........ 113 
John, of Whitehill .................. 66 
Tynron Churchyard ............0..s00e- 38 
Udard, son of Uttu ................... 166 
Under-the-Brae-Lane .................. 13 
Upper Denton Churchyard ........ 65, 66 


Urns, Ach-na-Cree, 124; Bankfield, 123; 
Knockencrunge, Mid Torrs, 122; Lag- 
my-Boiragh, Isle of Man, 128; Torrs, 
Glenluce, 121-4. 

Urr, Ur, Half-Barony of, 224; River, 12; 
- Valley, 17, 24. 
Uttu, Udard, son of 
Valker, see Walker. 
Vallis, see Wallace. 
Valoniis, Valun, Philip de ...... 167, 168 

Valuation, Ancient, Alexander III. 

227, 228, 229 

Vatson, see Watson. 

Vellis, see Wells. 

Velsch, see Welsh. 


Vetripont, William de .............. 166 
Vilson, see Wilson. 

Vodheid, see Woodhead. 

Vrycht, see Wright. 

Waldey, son of Gilchrist ..,,,,...,-. 166 


ase 


INDEX. 


Wales, Neolithic Man in, 76; Subjugation 
of, 163. 
Walker, Valker, Walkar, —., of Boathby 


66 

Gilbert, dempster, Dumfries ........ 108 
RPEEMAGS Pi oreie Crarmie icte tle cies pote vicaalaw ewe alas 188 
DIN cioroisiaivlaissc is broleiwaetquteie’ ees ve eels 200 
John, of Pott Hall, Potishrigley, Chester 
67 

Wallace, Vallas, Vallis, Wallass, Adam, 
bailie of Dumfries ........ 94, 104, 107 
DAIS OINGUANY Oss caicis ave ce suthe clea cd 200 
Janet, relict of Robert Maxwell, Kirk- 
ALANIOR e's sreinunls oieiets Sieh d tis: pcorn ay were fe 222 
John, of Brekandsyde .............. 213 
Sir John, junior, chaplain .......... 211 
Master Nichel (Michael) ...... 200, 211 
ROBERT, 9: The Geology of Loch- 
rutton, with Special Reference to 
WiSGer SUPPLY. cates stcacule mies ee 11-29 
Thomas, skinner, Dumfries .......... 67 
SUVAPREL BRIA A ayer nicreiccets © siatereunvivinrs oSlocla « shes 110 
Walls, Lands of, Middlebie ............ 252 
Walter fitz Alan, steward of Scotland 166 
Walton Churchyard ........ 37, 58, 62, 66 
Wiamiray Churchyard’ <.ccesscsc. oes 44, 52 
Wanlockhead, 246-7; Lead Mines .... 246 
WVOnGs DP vRPANCIG: scie. cece cecce 139, 140 


William GanGn bie’ js steces o/siclateone eines 67 


Warwick, George, of Irthington ...... 67 
dames. oF (Clarkshill ...3..<sc.cccsn. 67 
sosepns or HoOlme@ate! cc .dcccesdcs ess 67 
Thomas, of Holmgate .............. 67 

WADWICKPOHUPCHY ATG sacle ccc ucidacca ese 67 

Water, Restriction of Vision Under .. 142 

Watloum, Jon, in Barclay ............ 255 

Watson, Whotson, Vatsoun, James, Dum- 

HIRT) OSG SA SSH Oe ODE E Sse 198, 207 
John, in Newtoun of Holywood .... 223 
John, in Wintersheugh ............ 67 


WATT, ANDREW: Rainfall Records for 
the Southern Counties for the year 


OL Gre terres ais wave wattiencies state ovetaie ate 154-155 
Waucht, John, in Overholme ........ 195 
Symon, in Overholme .............. 195 
Wauchope Churchyard ............ 40, 65 
MUEIISZ,, LOUNGE’ ara cowie elects sicihies oote 114 
Weild, Edward, joiner in Ecclefechan 67 
monn, in) Woodhall! oo.) 16 ssa cmeavese 67 
ew ONY (s2/-, davainwrartie eat sce ee sere 86 
Welsh, Velche, Welsche, Andrew, in Ardis 
221 
Archibald, burgh officer, Dumfries 

198, 200 
David, burgess of Dumfries .... 83, 106 
PVOUINS vac <itrsre we ajisisimaye 200, 201, 214, 224 
Jon, dempster, Dumfries .......... 100 

John, in Makcollestoun (Collistoun) 


194, 206, 216, 217 
Sir Robert, Vicar of Tyndron .. 187, 212 


. “Bz 

Welsh, Thomas, clerk .......... 94, 109 
William os. ceswesmas SNe d Caawele 199, 201 
AW alifanns SL ee nto ee swt ss cakle dey us 113 
William: Domtries: swusc sa. .siceinn'siec 104 
Well, James, in Brouhouses .......... 67 
James, in Stableton ................ 67 
Wells, Vellis, Isabella, Dumfries 182, 198 
Pa Acs GUEVEZOP (oa davaseaeks teuwes were 252 
John, burgess of Dumfries .......... 198 
Wemyss, David Wemyss, Lord Elcho, 2nd 
HAL sOM icienviectealensveshe cet ceueee 113 
Sir’ John, 1e¢ Harl Of* occa ce cerces 113 
Wentrop, Thomas, of Longtown ...... 68 
Westerkirk Churchyard ........ 50, 58, 62 
Wetheral Churchyard .............. 49, 61 
White, Quhite, Andro, in Little Carco.. 86 
RUNEAIL Sa wtchacars ole in he oid toraiete oicieteis sieleistels a, 198 
POD.» ———- DANK Yen ce cae ecsieeeciecs 67 
Wee ULOU CONN = ctaefereraeeclecie ct temir cic’ << 43 


Sarah, wife of George Johnston, in 


RG MOINELE Se pniciciatoiealasrcnybie siatsjere- oreo 46, 67 
William, in Little Carco ............ 86 
Wightman, James, in Hoddomtown .. 68 
John, in Campingholm .............. 68 
WU SHO WI rare ote siarstscasielaicia’sie\eraisia wle/eree eicie sie 158 
William the Lion, King.. 159, 160-172, 175 
WVLLreum And, Marys J ors cce w cteisaieraccncs 114 
Williamson, —., of Castle Robert 
: 44-45, 68 
Thomas; Ob Bankhead’ ...0c.<ceee5s 68 
Wilson, Vilsoun, Alexander ...... 193, 197 
PANG Es ME MAI OIS perk sloic sctete cle n'cne eis 221 
FAURE Ws, TUNION™ ayes esse swisre eels ormo 221 
LSTA cetera ols wiers tixtctersesGarelaistleise o's 220 
Rey. George, minister, Free Church, 
GHGHIUCOm scone cee eacine eek Bares 122-4 
Gores in MGOUE «< \asiiecisitiss ovisesene oe 68 
Giberhincnonccs chase dies sis'aae wes ee os 190 
Gilbert; in Corsferdin .............; 187 
GUBSrE NOL CLOPIN cen ccs lccs co sielsc 218 
Herbert reOumiries ccc ko anesc asec at 209 
MAINES pe iatccretatestenieleiasisiecicesas.c 205, 221 
James, in Cardorkane ..........0..% 255 
JAMES. MITKMANOG) osack occas aceves eo 68 
AUPLN tants ctelstslntie since coiastos sacle 187, 205 
Johbn, of Demainholm: o<..:.....0.e-n6 68 
Katherine, wife of William Schitlington 
PORN POUMILIOS ye canis cieie kiss coos cece 209 
WOH ye RUE WEN Ss tivcve ce tess san ceieers 68 
Ole SUANGhOUSE. stewec accesses an 179, 187 
WTR UU BOW ve cre vale icciecis easoRine we otis oe x 197 
Nigel, water engineer .............2. 29 
Patrick, in Monegoffe .............. 256 
Thomas, of Croiglin.. 180, 187, 211-2, 218 
MHOMO; WD UMILIES. « ciscivegrs peice is'els elaine 95 
Wiltshire, Edward, rector, Kirkandrews- 
OUP HAH mt ctadiat chee euteiea'e ctewe visser es 68 
Wiltshire, Barrows of ........c.00.. 126 
WHINGOLMELE LAKES) < cy.cccsba vies aelnaieep ald 21 


298 INDEX. 

Winter-Irving, Wm. Irving, of Vic- York Cathedral Church, Galloway, subject 
GOP, eivsetsciss ceveisicn eceiieeneeeoe 68 See to, 167; Hospital of St. Peter, 

Woodhead, Vodheid, Lands of, Troqueer 166, 167. 
200 Young, ——, of July Hill ........ 45, 69 
Wootton, Dr H. A., Dumfries ........ 68 ——, of Youngfield .................. 69 
Sir’ OWic5 SL ONGON ereemistrstelerereielecreletsintess 68 Christian, wife of John Wilson, Ruth- 
Wright, Vrycht, David, Hitae ........ 69 WEllinetaveeicic solsinnioee ceeke Fennppde sos 69 
John, merchant and bailie, Dumfries 69 James, Dumfries .............s000. 253 
Mariota, wife of Martin Murheyd .. 192 John, in Todholes .............2--- . 69 
JR abriCke misc cers cteletarctelelentortocaveteleloterels 192 Margaret, spouse to Carlel of Lim- 
Robert, miller, Troqueer ............ 69 KRAVIS) oy). é.'sve.ecars se :s:orsleseleteeyers ae estore . 69 
Wester, John Hay, 8th Lord Hay of. See Zinner, Herr, Bamberg Observatory, 
Tweeddale, ist Earl of. Bavaria 32. ccaccitesasiemmeeeeceraee 156 


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