HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
LIBRARY
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
'^^ \^Qio-O\|V9 0u\CLW \'^.\\^\^
TRANSACTIONS
OF
THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE
OF ST. LOUIS.
VOL. XVI.
JANUARY 1906 TO DECEMBER 1906.
PUBLISHED UNDER DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL,
ST. LOUIS
NIXON-JONES PRINTING CO.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Table of Contents iii
List of Members. Revised to December 31, 1906 v
1. Patrons.
2. Honorary Members.
3. Active Members.
Constitution ci
Bt-Laws cv
Abstract of History ex
Record. January 1 to Dec. 31, 1906 cxiv
Papers Published. January 1 to December 31, 1906:
1. . — Celebration of tlie Fiftieth Anniversary of the
First Meeting. — Issued July 23, 1906 xv
2. Frank Collins Baker. — Notes on a Collection of Mol-
lusks from the Vicinity of Alpena, Michigan. — Plate
I. —Issued May 21, 1906 1
3. Francis E. Nipher. — On Pressure Measurements in a
Fluid Stream. — Issued May 31, 1906 17
4. N. M. Glatfelter. — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi
Collected in the Vicinity of St. Louis, Mo., from 1898
to 1905.— Issued June 14, 1906 33
6. Robert J. Terry. — The Nasal Skeleton of Ambly stoma
punctatum (Linn.). — Plates II-V. — Issued Decem-
ber 1, 1906 95
6. Thos. L. Casey. — Observations on the Staphylinid
groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of
America. — Issued November 22, 1906 125
7. Stuart Weller. — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. IV.
The Fauna of the Glen Park Limestone. Plates VI,
VII. —Issued December 11, 1906 435
8. B. M. DuQQAR. —The Relation of Certain Marine Al-
gae to Various Salt Solutions. — Issued December 21,
1906 473
9. Title-Page, prefatory matter and index of Vol. XVI. —
Record January 1 to December 31, 1906. —Issued
February 28, 1907.
List of Authors 491
General Index 493
Index to Genera 495
CORRECTIONS.
P. XXII, line 23, — Read John H. Watters.
P. XLI, line 25. —Read John H. Watters.
P. 8, line 2. — Read Physa crandalli Baker (Physa rhomboidea
Crandall 1901, non Meek and Hayden, 1856.)
P. 152, line 16. — For Esch., read Mann.
P. 191, line 11 from bottom. — For 7.2, read 0.72.
P. 291, line 16 from bottom, — For n. sp., read Mels.
P, 390, last line. — After Melanops insert n. sp.
P. 435 to 471. —For Plate I, read Plate VII and for Plate II, read
Plate VI.
P. 474, line 5 from bottom. — For isotomic, read isotonic.
P. 476, line 20. — For determing, read determining.
22. — For accomodate, read accommodate.
P. 479, line 21. — For labaratory, read laboratory.
P. 485, line 7 from bottom. ^For cleary, read clearly.
P. 487, line 3. — For s, read is.
6. — For sulphate read Sulphate.
9. — For abou, read about and for he, read the.
P. 488, line 2. — Omit in.
MEMBERS.
1. PATRONS.
Eliot, Henry W 2635 Locust st.
tHarrison, Edwin
McMillan, Mrs. Eliza 25 Portland pi.
McMillan, William Northrop Century bldg.
2. HONORARY MEMBERS.
Arrhenius, Prof. Svante University of Stockholm, Sweden.
Bablsen, Prof. Dr. Leopold Berlin, Germany.
fBoltzmann, Prof. Ludwig
tChavero, Seonr Alfredo
Escherich, Prof. Theodore University of Vienna, Austria.
Kitasato, Prof. Shibasaburo University of Tokio, Japan.
Lewald, Geh. Oberreg. Rath Theo-
dor Berlin, Germany.
Limburg, Stirum, Graf Berlin, Germany.
Moissan, Prof. Henri Sorbonne, Paris, France.
Orth, Geh. Rath Dr. Johann University of Berlin, Germany.
Oswald, Prof. Wilhelm University of Leipzig, Germany.
Ramsay, Sir William Royal Institute, London England.
Rutherford, Prof. Ernest McGill University, Montreal,
Canada.
Van't Hoff, Prof. J. W University of Berlin, Germany.
Waldeyer, Geh. Rath Prof. Dr.
Wilhelm University of Berlin, Germany.
Wassermann, Prof. Dr. A University of Berlin, Germany.
Wittmack, Geh. Reg. Rath Prof.
Dr. L University of Berlin, Germany.
8. ACTIVE MEMBERS.
Adkins, James Park and Vandeventer avs.
AUeman, Gellert* Swarthmore College,
Swarthmore, Pa.
* Non-resident.
t Deceased.
vi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Allen, Terry W 5061 Lindell boul.
Alt, Adolf 3036 Locust st.
Altheimer, Benjamin 4349 Westminster pi.
Andrews, L. W 3731 Westminster pi.
Andrews, William Edward* Taylorville, 111.
Armbruster, Wm. J 3622 Shenandoah av.
Bagby, Julian* New Haven, Mo.
Bain, Robert Edward Mather 900 Locust st.
Baker, Frank C* Chicago Academy of Sciences,
Chicago, III.
Barck, Carl Humboldt bldg.
Bartlett, George M 215 Pine st.
Baumgarten, Gustav 4900 Berlin av.
Bernays, A. C 3623 Laclede av.
Bernays, Walter 3623 Laclede av.
Bixby, William Keeney Kingshighway and Lindell bouls.
Boeckeler, '.William L 4441 Laclede av.
Boeckler, Henry 30 Portland pi.
Boyle, Wilbur F National Bank of Commerce bldg.
Brannon, Melvin A.* University, N. Dak.
Brennan, Martin S 1414 O'Fallon st.
Brimmer, ^George G 6900 Michigan av.
Brookings, Robert S 5125 Lindell boul.
Brown, Arthur A 4023 West Pine boul.
Brown, Daniel S , 2212 DeKalb st.
Brown, John Young City Hospital.
Brown, Willi 3526 Pine st.
Burg, William ,...1756 Missouri av.
Burnett, E. C University Club.
Busch, Adolphus Busch pi.
Busch, Aug. A Busch pi.
Bush, Benjamin Franklin* Courtney, Mo.
Carpenter, George O 12 Portland pi.
Carter, Howard* Webster Groves, Mo.
Carver, George Washington* Tuskegee, Ala.
Chaplin, Winfield S Washington University.
Chappell, W. G 3810 Westminster pi.
Chouteau, Pierre 912 Security bldg.
Comstock, T. Griswold 3401 Washington av.
Cramer, Gustav Vo ^- Cramer Dry Plate Co.
Members. Tii
Crandall, George C 4287 Olive st.
Crunden, Frederick Morgan Public Library.
Curtis, Williams St. Louis Law School.
Dameron, Edward Caswell* Clarksville, Mo.
Davia, H. N 56 Vandeventer pi.
Davis, John D 421 Olive st.
De Menil, Alexander N De Menil bldg., 7th and Pine sts.
Diehm, Ferdinand 1834 Kennett pi.
Dodd, Samuel M 415 Locust st.
Dorsett, W. B Linmar bldg.
Douglas, Archer W Y„ Simmons Hardware Co.
Drake, George S 64 Vandeventer pi.
Drosten, F. W 2011 Park av.
Duggar, B. M.* 809 Virginia av., Columbia, Mo.
Eimbeck, August F.* New Haven, Mo.
Eliot, Edward C 5468 Maple av.
Engler, Edmund Arthur* 11 Boynton st., Worcester, Mass.
Erker, Adolph P 608 Olive st.
Espenschied, Charles 3500 Washington av.
Euston, Alexander 3730 Lindell boul.
Evers, Edward 1861 N. Market st.
Ewing, Arthur E 5956 West Cabanne pi.
Eycleshymer, A. E 5649 Cabanne pi.
Favor, Ernest Howard* Box 842, Columbia, Mo.
Fernald, Robert Hey wood Washington University.
Fischel, Washington E 3841 Washington boul.
Forbes, Stephen A.* Urbana, 111.
Fordyce, John R.* 2223 Louisiana st.,
Little Rock, Ark.
Francis, David R 4421 Maryland av.
French, George Hazen* Carbondale, 111.
Frerichs, Frederick W 3828 Westminster pi.
Frick, John Henry* Warrenton, Mo.
Fruth, Otto J 3066 Hawthorne boul.
Fry, Frank R 4609 McPherson av.
Funkhouser, Robert Monroe 4354 Olive st.
Gazzam, James Breading 514 Security bldg.
Geeks, Frank 3453 Magnolia av.
viii Trans. Aead. Sci. of St. Louis.
Gerling, H. J 4320 Cook av.
Glasgow, Frank A 3894 Washington boul.
Glasgow, William C 4500 Olive st.
Glatfelter, N. M 4720 N. 20th st.
Goldstein, Max A , ....3858 Westminster px
Goodman, Cbarles H 3329 Washington av.
Graf, A. V 1325 S. 7th st.
Graves, William W , Vanol bldg.
Green, John 2670 Washington av.
Grindon, Joseph 3894 Washington boul.
Gundelacb, Chas. H ...4523 Washington boul.
Gundelach, W. J 3703 Finney av.
Haarstick, Henry C St. Louis Union Trust bldg.
Hambach, Gustav t , 1319 Lamist.
Hardaway, W. A 4500 Olive st.
Harris, James Arthur Mo. Botanical Garden.
Hartmann, Rudolph 2020 Victor st.
Held, George A International Bank.
Herzog, William 3651 Castleman av.
Hirschberg, Francis D 3818 Lindell boul.
Hitchcock, George C 709 Wainwright bldg.
Homan, George 323 Odd Fellows' bldg.
Hough, Warwick Circuit Court, Room 1.
Hughes, Charles Hamilton 3872 Washington boul.
Hunicke, Henry August 3532 Victor st.
Hurter, Julius 2346 S. lOth st.
Hus, Henri Th. A Mo. Botanical Gai den.
Ilg, Theo 3148 S. Grand av.
Irish, Henry C Mo. Botanical Garden.
Ives, Halsey Cooley Museum of Fine Arts.
Keiser, Edward H Washington University.
Kinealy, John H 619 Granite bldg.
King, Goodman 78 Vandcvenler pi.
Kirchner, Waller C. G 1127 N. Grand av.
Klem, Mary J 3133 Nebraska av.
Koch, Waldemar H. A.* State University, Columbia, Mo.
t Elected a life-member, Januarys, 1882.
Members. ix
Lackland, Rufus J 1623 Locust st.
Langsdorf, Alexander S Washington University.
Leavitt, Sbermana* U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.
Lefevre, George* Slate University, Columbia, Mo.
Leighton, George Bridge 803 Garrison av.
Letterman, George W.* ....Allenton, Mo.
Lichter, John J 1740 Simpson pi.
Lloyd, Hiram Odd Fellows' bldg.
Loeb, Hanau Wolf Humboldt b!dg.
Luedeking, Robert 1837 Lafayette av.
Lumelius, J. George 1225 St. Ange av.
Mack, Charles Jacob 113 N. Broadway.
Mallinckrodt, Edward 26 Vandeventer pi.
Mallinckrodt, Edward, Jr 26 Vandeventerpl.
Mardorf, W. C 1111 Chouteau av.
Markham, George Dickson 4961 Berlin av.
Mason, Silas C* Berea, Ky.
Matthews, Leonard 300 N. 4th st. ^
McBride, W. J 13 Portland pi.
McCourt, M. E Washington University.
Meier, Theodore G 5220 Washington boul.
Merrell, Albert 3814 Washington boul.
Monell, Joseph T 3227 Iowa av.
Moore, Robert 61 Vandeventerpl.
Mudd, Harvey G Humboldt bldg.
Mueller, Ambrose* Webster Groves, Mo.
Nagel, Charles 3726 Washington boul.
Nasse, Aug 2323 Lafayette av.
Nelson, Aven* Laramie, Wyom.
Nipher, Francis E Washington University.
Norton, J. B. S.* College Park, Md.
Oglevee, Christopher Stoner* Lincoln, 111.
Olshausen, Ernest P 1115 Rutger st.
Olshausen, George R* Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
O'Reilly, Andrew J 1507 Papin st.
O'Reilly, Robert J 3411 Pine st.
Outten, W. B Missouri Pacific Hospital.
Overstolz, Herman 106 N. Broadway.
X Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Palmer, Ernest Jesse* 321 S. Allen st., Webb City, Mo.
Pammel, Louis Hermann* Ames, la.
Pantaleoni, Guido 415 Locust st.
Parker, George Ward* 45 Broadway, New York City.
Pauls, Gustavus... St. Louis Altenheim.
Pettus, Chas. P 2804 Pine st.
Pettus, W. H. H 4373 Westminster pi.
Pike, Sherman B.* Seattle, Wash.
Pitzman, Julius 1900 8. Compton av.
Peats, Thomas Grayson* Clemson College, S. C.
Post, Martin Hayward 5371 Waterman av.
Prynne, Charles Martyn Century bldg.
Randall, John E.* Cleveland Lamp Factory, Cleve-
land, O.
Raphael, Abraham 5555 Clemens av.
Ravold, Amand 2806 Morgan st.
Rice, Chas. M 3733 West Pine boul.
Richter, Phil. George 2424 S. 18th st.
Robert, Edward Scott 1105 Missouri Trust bldg.
Roever, William Henry* 44 Martin st., Cambridge, Mass.
Rolfs, Peter H* Tropical Laboratory, Miami, Fla.
Rosenwald, Lucian* 412 Delaware st., Kansas City,Mo.
Ruf, Frank A 5863 Cabanne pi.
Ryan, Frank K 2725 Lawton av.
Sander, Enno 2807 Lawton av.
Sargent, Charles Sprague* Jamaica Plains, Mass.
Sauer, Wm. E Humboldt bldg.
Schmidt, Louis Franklin Bank.
Schmitz, R 6th and St. Charles sts.
von Schrenk, Hermann Mo. Botanical Garden.
Schroers, John 1730 Missouri av.
Schrowang, Otto Panama bldg.
Schwarz, Frank 1520 Lafayette av.
Schwarz, Henry 440 N. Newstead av.
Schweitzer, Paul* Columbia, Mo.
See, Thomas Jefferson Jackson*.. Naval Observatory.
Mare Island, Cal.
Selby, Augustine Dawson* Wooster, O.
Senseney, E. M 2829 Washington av.
Sheldon, Walter L 4533 Westminster pi.
Shepley, John F 60 Vandeventer pi.
Members. xi
Shoemaker, William Alfred 4386 Westminster pi.
Shutt, C. H Emergency Hospital No. 2.
Simmons, E. C 9th and Spruce sts.
Simmons, Wallace D 9th and Spruce sts.
Sluder, Greenfield 3542 Washington av.
Smith, Arthur George* 422 N. Dubuque st., Iowa City, la.
Smith, D. S. H 3646 Washington boul.
Smith, Irwin Z 83 Vandeventer pi.
Smith, Jared G.* Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.
Soldan, F. Louis 3634 Flad av.
Spiegelhalter, Joseph 2166 Lafayette av.
Starkloff, H. M , 3623 Cleveland av.
Starr, John E.* 258 Broadway, New York City.
Staudinger, B 3556 Lindell boul.
Stedman, John Moore* State University, Columbia, Mo.
Stevens, Charles D 1749 S. Grand av.
Stevens, Wyandotte James 4043 Juniata st.
Stocker, George J 2833 S. Kingshighway boul.
Summa, Hugo 2249 St. Louis av.
Taussig, Albert E 3519 Washington av.
Taussig, William 3447 Lafayette av.
Terry, Robert James* 8 S. Strathmore Road, Brookline,
Mass.
Thacher, Arthur 5186 Lindell boul.
Thomas, John R 4128 Washington boul.
Thurman, John S 4436 Olive st.
Timmerman, Arthur H 2017 Locust st.
Tittmann, Harold H 5024 Westminster pi.
Trelease, William Mo. Botanical Garden.
Tyler, Eliza Edward* State University, Columbia, Mo.
Tyrrell, Warren Ayers 620 Chestnut st.
Valle, JulesF 3303 Washington av.
Van Ornum, John Lane Washington University.
Vickroy, Wilhelm Rees 2901 Rauschenbach av.
Walter, Jacob 1931 S. Compton av.
Watts, Millard F 4362 Morgan st.
Weller, Stuart* University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111.
Wheeler, H^ A 3439 Lucas av.
xii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Wbelpley, Henry Milton 2342 Albion pi.
Whitaker, Edwards SOON. 4th st.
"Whitten, John Charles* Columbia, Mo.
Widmann, Otto 5105 Morgan st.
Wilson, Edward Allen 3745 W. Pine boul.
Wlnkelmeyer, Christopher 3815 West Pine boul.
Wislizenus, Frederick A 808 Wainwright bldg.
Witt, Thomas D 4374 Laclede av.
Wolff, Herbert W 5470 Delmar boul.
Woodward, Calvin Milton Washington University.
Wright, Geo. M 4457 Westminster pi.
Zahorsky, John 1460 S. Grand av.
Pages XV — XCIX
CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF
THE FIRST MEETING.
Vol. XVI. No. 1
JUL 2« 1^06
CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE FIRST MEETING.
1. Report of the Committee of Arrangements.
To the Academy of Science of St. Louts: —
Your Committee, entrusted with arrangements for a cele-
bration of the semi-centennial anniversary of the organization
of the Academy, respectfully submit the following report,
through the Council.
At the Council meeting of December 4, 1905, Professor
Nipher called attention to the desirability of celebrating in
some manner the fiftieth anniversary of the first meeting of
the Academy, which was held on March 10, 1856. After an
informal discussion the President was authorized, on motion,
to appoint a committee of three to consider the feasibility of
providing for a suitable celebration, and to outline its general
features if it were considered to be practicable, reporting its
findings to the Council. The President named as such com-
mittee Doctors Nipher, Sander and Trelease.
This preliminary committee met at the house of Dr. San-
der on the evening of December 10, 1905, all of the members
being present, and on Dr. Sander's motion organized by the
election of Professor Nipher as Chairman and Professor Tre-
lease as Secretary. A report which was then unanimously
agreed to and ordered submitted to the Council included the
following recommendations : —
1. That the anniversary be celebrated by a subscription banquet on the
evening of March 10, 1906.
2. That the learned societies with which the Academy stands in corres-
ponding or exchange relations be invited to participate, their delegates to
be entertained as the guests of the Academy or its members while in St.
Louis.
3. That, in addition to the customary after-dinner speaking, provision be
(XV)
xvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
made for a general address by some scientific man of high standing and
wide reputation, and for a short r^sutn^ of the Academy's history.
4. That a framed panel of portraits of the members present at the organ-
ization meeting be secured and presented to the Academy.
Statements were also made as to the probable expense of
carrying out the proposed plan, and the means of insuring
its success, and the further recommendation was made that,
if the plan were considered practicable by the Council, it be
adopted and authorized and the task of carrying it out placed
in the hands of a committee of three, to be named by the
President.
The report of the preliminary committee was submitted to
the Council at its meeting of December 18, 1905, when it
was unanimously approved and ordered submitted to the
Academy with recommendation that the plan of the committee
be adopted and provision made for carrying it out, — it being
understood that the treasury of the Academy should not be
drawn on beyond the sum of $25.00 to meet the expenses of
the celebration, all of which the committee believed could
be provided for otherwise.
At the Academy meeting of December 18, the recom-
mendation of the Council was unanimously adopted and the
President announced his continuance of the preliminary
committee as a Committee of Arrangements, with full power
to act.
Because of his advanced age. Dr. Sander shortly after-
ward asked to be relieved from duty on the committee, and
Dr. Spiegelhalter was named by the President as its third
member. It was soon found that in addition to the details
suggested by the preliminary committee, it would be prac-
ticable to strike a commemorative medal, in bronze, replicas
of which might be presented to all persons present at the
dinner, to all contributors to the fund needed for carrying
out the plans for the celebration, and to all societies repre-
sented by delegates, and the committee decided on this step,
selecting the seal of the Academy for the obverse, and a
portrait of George Engelmann, its first president, for the
reverse. It was also decided that members might secure in-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xvii
vitations for personal guests, and that the committee might
invite a few prominent citizens as guests of the Academy.
The committee associated with itself the following auxiliary
committees: On portraits of founders, Doctors Stevens and
Grindon; on entertainment of delegates, Mr. Douglas, Dr.
von Schrenk and Mr. Thacher; on medals. Dr. Whelpley.
Details were left to the officers of the committee, with the
assistance of the auxiliaries named. Progress reports were
submitted to the Council and to the Academy at all regular
meetings.
As the plans matured it was found that time could hardly
be found on the banquet evening for the desired historical
sketch of the Academy, and the regular meeting of March
5th was therefore set aside by the President for a series of
historical papers by officers and members.
To provide for the cost of the dinner itself, all members
were invited to be present, paying for covers. To meet
other expenses, as it was not possible under the rules to
levy the necessary small per capita assessment, the commit-
tee were forced to depend upon voluntary contributions. Ex-
perience having shown its members the difficulty of raising
money by a generally circulated invitation for contributions,
it was thought better to personally invite a small number of
members, known to be able to do so, to contribute a uniform
amount to the general fund. The committee met with the
promptest and most cordial responses to such invitations, and
in addition to giving the sum asked for, several members ex-
pressed their willingness to see that any possible deficit was
made good. This procedure of expediency in raising money
was obviously unjust to other members equally able and will-
ing to lend their aid in providing for the anniversary celebra-
tion, but whom it was not found possible to reach personally
when contributions were solicited, and it is regretted for that
reason.
Three persons not connected with the Academy volunteered
substantial aid, which was gratefully accepted. The Com-
mittee desire to express their thanks, through the Academy,
xviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
to all contributors, as well as to the members whose sub-
scription to the dinner made it possible.
The open session of March fifth proved an interesting one.
President Alt occupied the chair, and fifty persons were
present. In addition to customary business, the programme
included the following addresses : —
A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY,
Dr. H. M. Whelpley.
A TREASURY STATEMENT FROM THE BEGINNING,
Dr. Enno Sander, Treasurer.
A HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM AND LIBRARY,
Dr. G. Hambach, Librarian.
An account of the Academy's publications and their worth,
Professor F. E. Nipher.
An account of its members who have attained eminence either
WHILE here or after LEAVING St. LOUIS,
Professor C. M. Woodward.
The attendance at the banquet of March tenth was as fol-
lows : —
Guests of the Academy —
Delegates of Societies (^including members) 17
Corresponding members 1
Individuals 3 21
Subscribers —
Members (including delegates) 56
Guests of members 14 70 91
At the banquet, President Alt presided and Past-President
Nipher officiated as Toastmaster. The proceedings were as
follows : —
Address of welcome President Alt.
Presentation op portraits Past-President Nipher.
Presentation of medal Past-President Green.
Acceptance of portraits and medal President Alt.
Addresses —
Dr. E. A. Birge, University of Wisconsin.
Dr. T. C. Chamberlin, University of Chicago.
Greetings of societies —
Through delegates present.
In the form of letters and telegrams.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xix
Your Committee account for the medals struck as
follows : —
Struck. Distributed.
The Medal of the Academy 1
To the President of the Academy 1 1
Replicas • • 1^9
To designated delegates, for societies 36
To guests present 33
To members present 58
To contributors not present 19
To subscribers not present 5
Sold, through the Secretary of the Academy. . .. 8 159
Total 160 160
The following financial statement is submitted : —
Resources of the Committee —
Contributions of members,
36 at $10.00 $360.00
2at 5,00 10.00 $370.00
From persons not members,
2 at $25.00 $50.00
lat 6.00 6.00 56.00
Subscriptions to dinner,
76at $5.00 380.00
Sale of eight medals 7.50 $813.50
Expenses —
Invitations, cards and postage $43.55
Stenographer 10.00
Scrap boolis for letters 2.00 $55.55
The dinner 319.90
Menus, flowers and music 66.00 375.90
Expenses of delegates II. 70
Panel of portraits 81.75
Medal and 159 replicas 278.60 803.50
Balance in hands of Treasurer $10.00
In conclusion your Committee suggest that the small bal-
ance be covered into the treasury, and request that the
XX Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Treasurer's certification of its financial statement may be con-
sidered a part of this report, and that the Committee be dis-
charged.
Francis E. Niphbr,
Joseph Spiegelhalter,
William Trelease,
Committee.
The foregoing account of receipts and expenditures agrees with my
books, and the sum of $813.50 therein noted has been received and, except
for the stated balance of $10.00, disbursed through my office on vouchers
duly approved by the Chairman of the Committee as authorized by vote of
the Council.
Enno Sander,
Treasurer.
St. Louis, Mo.,
May 21, 1906.
2. Addresses at the Meeting of March 5, 1906.
A Sketch of the History of the Academy.
HENRY M. WHELPLEY, M.D.
The brief history which it becomes my pleasant duty to
prepare must of necessity deal with general considerations,
for the important special features of the Academy's half
century of life will be covered by those contributors taking
part in the following portion of this evening's program: —
A Treasury Statement from the Beginning with Mention of all
Gifts received by the Treasurer. Dr. Enno Sander.
A History of the Museum and Library. Dr. G. Hambach.
An Account of its Publications and their Worth.*
Prof. F. E. Nipher.
An Account of its Members who have attained Eminence either
while here or after leaving St. Louis.* Prof. C. M. Woodward.
My remarks will not include my own personal reminiscences,
as the Academy was organized several years before 1 was
born. Thus, what I have to say is compiled from accessible
records, and that which lacks experience is but lip wisdom.
* These papers are omitted at the request of the writers.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxi
The Prodrome. The Academy of Science of St. Louis did
not come into existence de novo but, like many great historic
events, its birth followed a long period of necessary prepara-
tion during which many well meant efforts brought only
disappointment.
The first stone placed in the foundation for an edifice of
science in the Mississippi Valley and probably the first west
of the Allegheny Mountains was an informal meeting, held in
St. Louis late in 1836. This was a gathering of men, of
high intellectual attainments, who possessed an energy which
placed them far ahead of their local contemporaries. The
conference resulted in the organization of the Western
Academy of Natural Sciences.
The new society obtained a charter from the General As-
sembly of Missouri, dated February 6, 1837. The incorpora-
tors were: H. King, George Engelmann, B. B. Brown, P. A.
Pulte, William Weber, Theodore Engelmann and G. Schuetze.
The main promoters of this new society in the far West
were Drs. George Engelmann and Adolphus Wislizenus
who subsequently became respectively founder and active
worker in the more fortunate Academy of Science of
St. Louis.
Through the efforts of these men, the lamp of science was
trimmed in the City of Mounds at a time when the population
of St. Louis and its suburbs was only 14,253, and it was
scarce more than a little frontier town. The newly chartered
society issued an address " to the friends of knowledge " in
St. Louis and solicited funds for its support, new members,
and contributions to the proposed library and museum. It
was pointed out that those with a helping hand would " never
perhaps find a more appropriate occasion." Little did those
men surmise that the same " appropriate occasion " would
extend down to the year of our Lord 190G. The address
further states that St. Louis is peculiarly situated as a for-
tunate place for work in the natural sciences, being on the
eastern edge of "that immense tract of country extending
fron the western borders of civilization to the Pacific Ocean,"
a country holding the attention of the entire scientific world
xxii Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
on account of its geological peculiarities, immense mineral
resources, strange fauna and abundant flora.
But the success of these pioneers in western science did not
equal their anticipations and the society dropped into a con-
dition of somnambulism not unknown to many other organi-
zations of more recent times. The books of the library be-
came mouldy, the museum specimens dusty and the five acre
botanical garden, near Eighth street and Chouteau avenue was
sold, to be used for other and less scientific purposes. Then
followed almost a score of years of informal gatherings of the
local scientists who, no doubt, of ten discussed the slumbering
Academy and wondered when they could again enjoy the
advantage of personal contact at regular meetings for the
exchange of thought and experience.
The Initial Meeting. The time finally ripened and after
several preliminary meetings, of which no record was pre-
served, the organizers of the St. Louis Academy of Science
met in the hall of the Board of Public Schools, March 10,
1856. The fifteen persons responding to roll call on that occa-
sion were physicians George Engelmann, Moses L. Linton,
Wm. M. McPheeters, Moses M. Fallen, Simon Pollak, Charles
A. Pope, Hiram A. Prout, Benj. F. Shumard, Charles W.
Stevens, Wm. A. Tingley, John H. Walters, Adolphus Wis-
lizenus; civil engineer James B. Eads; lawyer Nathaniel
Holmes and. fur trader and traveler Charles P. Chouteau. A
committee which had been appointed at a previous meeting
reported a constitution and by-laws which were promptly
adopted. The following oflicers were elected to serve for the
first year : —
President George Engelmann, M.D.
First Vice-President Hiram A. Prout, M.D .
Second Vice-President Nathaniel Holmes, Esq.
f Benj. F, Shumard, M.D.
Secretaries ^ ttt tt m- i n-r t^
I Wm. H. Tingley, M.D.
Treasurer James B. Eads, Esq.
Curators; Moses M. Pallen, M.D., Adolphus Wislizenus, M.D.,
B. F. Shumard, M.D., Chas. W. Stevens, M.D.
Board of Council; George Engelmann, M.D., H. A. Prout,
M.D., Nathaniel Holmes, Benj. F. Shumard, M.D., Wm.
Tingely, M.D., Chas. A.Pope, M.D., Chas. P, Chouteau, Esq.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxiii
Such are the full records of the initial meeting held at a
time when St. Louis had 122,000 population. It was the
beginning of the half century of work which closes with our
banquet next Saturday evening. Emerson says that while
man's life is divided into periods of seventy years each, the
first period is after all the most important one. With our
Academy which we expect to live for centuries, this period
of fifty years just closing is but a mere point in the progress
of time.
Objects of the Academy. The constitution said of the
Academy, that " It shall have for its objects the promotion
of science." Our predecessors did not intend to shirk any
responsibility in this direction, for they enumerated the fol-
lowing subjects and distributed them among fourteen standing
committees : —
Anatomy, Comparative; Botany; Chemistry; Embryol-
ogy; Entomology; Ethnology; Geology; Geology, Chemi-
cal ; Herpetology ; Ichthyology ; Malacology ; Mammalogy ;
Mineralogy; Monstrosities; Ornithology; Palaeontology;
Physics.
Perhaps the division of " Monstrosities " was expected to
include all topics not coming under any of the other heads,
but the year following added astronomy and meteorology to
the list. It is, however, noteworthy that this rather formid-
able list avoids subjects theological. In this respect, the
founders of the Academy were like Versalius who lived in
the Middle Ages when theologians believed that each human
body contained an imponderable, incorruptible and incom-
bustible bone which served as the nucleus of the resurrection
body. Versalius was an able anatomist but he left the ques-
tion of the resurrection bone to the theologians.
The broad principles on which the Academy was founded
are further expressed in the charter which was granted by
the Missouri Legislature, February 9, 1857, only three days
short of twenty years after the charter of the Western
Academy of Natural Sciences. Our charter provides that in
case of dissolution of the Academy, the property shall go to
the city of St. Louis for educational purposes. The mem-
xxiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
bers cannot divide the collections, library and property
among themselves.
The Infancy of the Academy. The hard work of the pro-
drome period of twenty years very naturally cut short the
usual period of infancy of such an organization. We find
substantial work dating from the second meeting which was
held, April 21, 1856, when nine new members were elected.
The Academy accepted the generous offer of Dr. Chas. A.
Pope of a home in the O'Fallon Dispensary of the St. Louis
Medical College. Chas. P. Chouteau gave the Academy his
one-fourth interest in the celebrated and valuable Hayden
Natural History Collection.
The members began their discussions with objects of mag-
nitude, for the Zeuglodon, a gigantic fossil whale, and the
Missourrium (Mastodon giganteus) were the subjects of the
first debates along lines of science. The Academy authorized
the spending of some of its first money to pay the expenses
of a trip south by Dr. Albert C. Koch who made the journey
to study the then much talked about Zeuglodon fossil remains
of Mississippi.
The brotherly love of the Academy of Science of Philadel-
phia was the first to be extended to the infant organization.
The name of the St. Louis Academy was placed on the ex-
change list of the Philadelphia Academy before the new
society had any publications to exchange. This act of recog-
nition has never been forgotten by our officers and members.
The Membership. The organization meeting closed with
fifteen charter members. In 1860, just before the Civil War,
the total had grpwn to 150. The highest membership record
was in 1903 with 298 names. To-day, the roll contains but
261 names. Death has decimated our ranks of late. Those
who joined during the first decade are fast passing away.
Dr. Wm. M. McPheeters, who died in St. Louis March 15,
1905, was the last survivor of the fifteen organizers.
The Academy has three living patrons and seventeen hon-
orary members. The recent World's Fair in St. Louis was
the occasion of several additions to the roll of honorary mem-
bers. The librarian, Dr. G. Hambach, is at present the only
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxv
life member. Mr. James B. Eads was also a life member.
How to further increase the membership is one of the
important and perplexing problems of to-day.
The Ladies. In 1856, but few ladies were interested in
science and the founders of the Academy made specific men-
tion only of men. The constitution and by-laws provides for
the election of " men " as active members, and as correspond-
ing members "eminent men of science and other persons."
Possibly, the ladies were included in the '♦ other persons."
A few ladies have since been elected to active membership,
but only one name is now on the roll. The informal nature
of the meetings prior to 1881 rather forbade ladies attending,
but at present many members bring their families when the
program is an attractive one for them.
The Officers. The Academy has been fortunate in the
selection of its officers. The founder, Dr. George Engel-
mann, was sixteen times president. Dr. Enno Sander has
served as treasurer for forty-four years. Dr. G. Hambach,
has been librarian twenty-live years. Dr. Wm. Trelease
served as secretary for ten years. Professor Francis E. Nipher
was president for seven consecutive terms. Not only have
these and other men cheerfully given the organization long
terms of service, but also faithful work, which was often
rendered under trying conditions.
Physicians Active. It would have been surprising if the
Academy had not been safely born with twelve of the fifteen
organizers practicing physicians. The first thirteen years were
spent in a medical college dispensary. When the list of mem-
bers reached 104, fifty of them were physicians. Since the
election of many laymen who have joined for the purpose of
contributing their annual dues and moral support to a worthy
cause, the proportion of physicians and other professional
men has been reduced, but over twenty per cent of the mem-
bers to-day are practitioners of medicine. Several have been
prominent in medical affairs. Dr. Chas. A. Pope was the
founder of the St. Louis Medical College, and many of the
teaching staff of that college joined the Academy. Dr.
Moses M. Pallen presided at the meeting of November 3,
xxvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis,
1864, which organized the St. Louis College of Pharmacy.
The Academy museum prior to the fire of 1869 contained
much medical material. The Dr. Joseph Nash McDowell
Museum of Natural History which was turned over to the
Academy when the Missouri Medical College was made the
Gratiot street Military Prison in 1862 was one of the finest
collections of anatomical material in America.
Medicine touches elbows with all the converging sciences
which form the foundation upon which is built our knowledge
of things material and immaterial. Among the men of
science in every age, we find doctors of medicine who have
contributed much to sister sciences. It is not surprising to
learn that medical men have been and are now prominent in
the history of the St. Louis Academy of Science, but it is
remarkable that so few contributions of a medical nature have
been made to the volumes of proceedings. The medical men,
many of them eminent in their own profession, have taken
their medical work to the local and national medical bodies,
thus giving the Academy the scientific contributions from
their hours of pastime rather than the fruit of their profes-
sional work.
The regular fortnightly meetings from the very beginning
have been harmonious as well as instructive and interesting.
No internal strife of a serious nature has ever occurred.
Since the revision of the constitution in 1893, the business
has all been transacted by the Council, thus leaving the meet-
ings free for scientific work. Many lectures of a popular
nature and papers not intended for publication in the pro-
ceedings give variety to the meetings and interest the gen-
eral public. The average attendance during the past year has
been twenty-seven, or about ten per cent of the membership.
The Museum. The Academy was organized by men who
had the collecting and historical instinct well developed. They
were not, as Shakespeare says, " Snappers up of unconsidered
trifles," but students who by industry and judgment were
able to build up a large and interesting museum. This col-
lection was wiped out by the unfortunate fire of 1869 and for
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxvii
years the Academy museum was stored in the officers' minds
rather than in the Academy rooms.
Now that we have a home of our own, the museum again
demands attention, and at present nothing is too small to be
noticed nor too large to be coveted by our curators. The
entire animate and inanimate world is called upon to pay
tribute to the museum now in process of growth.
The Library. Dr. Johnson said: "There is no part of
history so generally useful as that which relates to the progress
of the human mind, the gradual improvement of reason, the
successive advances of science, the vicissitudes of learning
and ignorance, which are the light and darkness of thinking
beings." The Academy library is rich in serial publications
running back more than half a century. It awaits better
acquaintance with the thinking public of this great city.
What we now need is a fire-proof structure on the ample
ground north of this building, so that contributors to the
library and museum will feel assured of their donations being
preserved for the use and instruction of future generations .
Donations and Bequests. The notion that professional
men should be indifferent to pecuniary affairs is an inheri-
tance from the days of ecclesiastical monopoly of all matters
scientific or professional. It is as essential for an organiza-
tion to have funds as it is for an individual to avoid poverty.
The affairs of the Academy have always been in the hands of
men of good business judgment, but the process of accumu-
lating a reserve fund has been slow and will continue so until
more men and women of wealth and generosity come with
their aid.
The endowment fund question was mentioned by the chair-
man of the first meeting of the Academy, in 1856. Treasurer
Sander will detail the results of fifty years of appeal to the
fostering hands of friends. Dr. Hambach will record the
contributions to the museum and library and detail the vicis-
situdes in the growth of each one.
The Academy Homes. The Academy was born in the
hall of the St. Louis Public School Board, March 10, 1856.
The infant was taken direct to the 0' Fallon Dispensary of
xxviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the St. Louis Medical College, Seventh and Myrtle streets,
where it lived and ^rew for thirteen years.
After the fire in 1869, the Academy returned to the Public
School Board rooms and remained for twelve years.
The third home was in the Washington University, Seven-
teenth and Washington avenue, where it was housed for
twelve years from 1881.
The next move was in 1893 to the Missouri Historical So-
ciety Building, 1600 Locust street, where it held its meetings
for ten years.
The fifth and present home, at 3817 Olive street, was entered
in November, 1903. Here the Academy has enjoyed a home
in its own building for three years.
The Academy has thus had five homes during fifty years.
The longest period spent at any one place was the thirteen
years at the Medical Dispensary.
Critical Periods. If we overlook the usual ravenous appe-
tite of youth, we can say that the first three or four years passed
without causing the ofiicers great anxiety about the new child
of science, but the Civil War came and St. Louis, as a border
city, at once felt the effects of the great national struggle.
It was the first critical period for the Academy and was safely
passed, through the loyalty of its faithful members.
The second and greater calamity was the fire of May, 1869,
which destroyed the much valued museum. This irreparable
damage followed closely upon the death of the president, Dr.
B. F. Shumard, and struck terror to the strongest hearts.
Dr. George Engelmann was elected president and in his ad-
dress said of the membership: " Some are dead, others have
removed from here and few remain to help the work, and
this is the greatest difficulty we labor under ; scarcely any
have come to St. Louis to step into their places and work,
no new generation grows up to take the work when the
pioneers of the Academy have departed." This was the
second critical period and probably the darkest days of the
Academy. May similar conditions never return.
In 1893 came a third period of note when the constitution
and by-laws were revised. Letter ballot for officers was
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxix
adopted. Provision was made for a non-office-holding nomi-
nating committee. The Council was given increased responsi-
bilities. It was decided to present only previously announced
communications at the meetings. Alternate meetings were
set apart for popular science of interest to the laymen. The
plan, as adopted in 1893, is the one now followed.
There never has been a time when the Academy was not
obliged to husband its resources. Private subscriptions have
often been necessary to meet the expense of publication.
Notable collections for the museum have been purchased only
by individual aid. But the Academy has safely passed through
war, famine and fire and is hearty and happy in a home of its
own on this, the occasion of its golden jubilee.
The Future of the Academy. Any one can read the records
of the past but it requires the gift of a seer to write history
before it is made. The future of the St. Louis Academy of
Science is a matter of much concern to the many who love it
well. When we cast an eye in retrospect we are astonished
to find mankind so ignorant of what was immediately in
advance of them. If I should make a single prediction, it
would be that the Academy will find some way of exercising
the portion of the constitution providing for sections of the
Academy devoted to special subjects.
We have in St. Louis a number of small scientific bodies of
an exclusive nature whose members would enjoy and profit by
affiliation with the Academy. I will mention the Biological
Society, the Botanical Club, the Naturalists' Club, the Medical
Science Club, the Medical History Club and other non-clinical
medical organizations. May the day come when they are all
members affiliated with the St. Louis Academy of Science
family !
Bibliography. "Act of Incorporation, Constitution and
By-laws of the Western Academy of Natural Sciences at St.
Louis. St. Louis, Mo. Printedby William Weber, 1837," is
a sixteen page pamphlet to be found in a few libraries.
" The Academy of Science of St. Louis," is the title of a
nineteen page illustrated article by Frederick Starr in Apple-
ton's Popular Science Monthly for March, 1898.
XXX Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
*' The Academy of Science of St. Louis, A Biography," by
William Trclcasc, occupies fourteen pages in the Popular
Science Monthly for December, 1903.
A Treasury Statement.
DR. ENNO SANDER, Treasurer.
The honor has been conferred upon me as Treasurer of the
Academy to give you this evening a short sketch of the finan-
cial tide, which this worthy institution has experienced dur-
ing the last fifty years. It is no easy task to engineer such
an enterprise through breakers and floods; but by the united
exertions of its members it has been successfully and securely
guided into a safe harbor, where it will now remain as a bene-
ficial ornament to its gratified city.
Capt. Jas. B. Kads was the first Treasurer of the society,
elected March 10th, 1856. In January, 1857, he left a bal-
ance of $184.45 to his successor. Dr. S. Pollak, who collected
in three years' service over $3,000.00, but left to his succes-
sor, Dr. J. S. B. Alleyne, a balance of only $01.57. The lat-
ter, during his two years' service, collected $93(5.00, which he
expended except for eighty-five cents, left to his successor,
Enno Sander, as a nucleus for a future fortune. Dr. Alleyne
served during that year of depression and anxiety, the first
year of the Civil War, during which time he collected little
over $100.00, perhaps all that could have been expected.
Times were hard and the Academy suffered under the mis-
fortunes of the country as much as everybody else, but the
energy of the active members was equal to the emergency.
Although their means were scant, they succeeded by volun-
tary su})scriptions in collecting sufficient funds to maintain
the i)ublication of the Transactions and thus secure uninter-
rupted intercourse with other scientific societies. It has been
asserted that St. Louis was little known to the outside world :
not so its scientific workers, who toiled incessantly for deserv-
ing the recognition which they had thus far obtained from
the scientific societies all over the globe through the exchange
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxxi
of their Transactions. They did not worry when the Presi-
dent, in his annual message in January, 1864, comphiined
that the debts of the society exceeded $600.00; but they
chibbed together, had a sound bahince soon reported in the
treasury and [)ublished the Transactions to be distributed by
the Smithsonian Institution and proclaim St. Louis' scientific
energy to the scientists of the world.
It seems that scientific societies can best preserve and also
increase their membership and their finances by the careful
selection of their presiding officers. Always elect the most
popular and one who does not lack in energy. The election
of Capt. Jas. B. Eads as President brought many new mem-
bers to the roll and $1,000. 00 could be paid out for printing
the Transactions during his administration. However, this
good fortune lasted scarcely ten years, when a considerable
deficit occurred again. These constant ups and downs were
always met bravely by members and Treasurer, but greatly
increased the labors of both of tiiem. Ultimately, in the fall
of 1888, Col. Geo. E. Leighton bought the lot on Locust
street which had been donated by Jas. H. Lucas in June,
1872. The share of the proceeds of the sale belonging to the
Academy was $4,786.52, the safe possession of which seems
to have greatly strengthened the financial confidence of the
members of the Academy.
The foregoing narration implicitly displays the spirit of
liberality existing among the members of the Academy, which
is distinctly exhibited by the voluntary contributions which
have sallied forth whenever help was required. It affords mc
great pleasure to mention the many donations that have
graced the books of the Treasurer and are still delighting his
eyes. They commenced quite early.
In 1857, Mr. Wm. H. Belcher is credited with $70.00; in
1860, Messrs. G. F. Filey, S. Partridge and W. H. Smith
jointly contributed $300.00. In 1868 Dr. G. Engelmannand
Br. A. Hill gave each $50.00. In 1864 Messrs. Holmes and
Harrison gave $55.00; Dr. Engelmann and Dr. Sander,
$100.00, ►vhile a list of members jointly signed $250.00 as a
donation. The next year the Treasurer collected $141.00
xxxii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
towards the publication of the Transactions, and he cheerfully
states that whenever he was compelled to ask for extra sup-
port he was always met with great liberality. That the
citizens recognized the value of the Academy was shown in
1878, when the Executive Committee for the entertainment of
the A. A. A. S. gave to the Academy the balance of $216.39
which was left over from their expenditures. In 1882 the
voluntary subscriptions to the printing fund were $275.00;
and $100.00 was donated, in 1884, to pay for the picture of
Dr. George Engelmann, our most revered member and Presi-
dent, who had died that year.
In June, 1872, Mr. Jas. A. Lucas had given a valuable lot
on Locust street jointly to the Academy and the Historical
Society for building purposes. Neither society had ever
money enough to realize the object of the generous donor nor
could sufficient sympathy be aroused among the citizens for
subscriptions to afire proof building After the death of Mr.
Lucas his heirs claimed the return of the property, but the
litigation asainst them was successful and, as mentioned be-
fore, the Academy received its share in November, 1888.
A year later a handsome bequest of one thousand dollars
from the estate of Mr. Henry Shaw was gratefully acknow-
edged.
Until 1894 the Academy had profited by the generosity of
corporations and persons who allowed its members free
quarters for the library and the meeting room. Dr. Chas.
A. Pope gave shelter until his college burned down; after-
wards we were benefitted by the School Board. Then
Washington University granted the use of a fine large room,
which after a few years it was compelled to request us to
relinquish and an arrangement was completed with the His-
torical Society which rented to us suitable quarters for $500.00
a year.
The year of 1903, however, accomplished ultimately the
desire that had been felt by the members for so many years.
Mrs. Wm. McMillan and her son graciously and generously
donated to the Academy the splendid site occupied by a
large building at 3817 Olive street, now used as our meet-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxxiii
ing place. President H. W.Eliot completed the gift by the
donation of $5,000.00 which he employed to put the building
into a condition suitable for the Academy's purposes. Our
library and our valuable collections are at length well housed
and exhibited. We also enjoy the gratification of offering
comfortable quarters to affiliated societies.
No doubt the Academy will continue to increase in value
and benefit to the people in whose midst it is situated, and
they will endeavor to improve the space which is ready for
occupancy, with solid fire proof buildings for a grand cele-
bration of its centennial anniversary.
A History of the Museum and Library.
DR. G. HAMBACH, Librarian,
Time in its ceaseless course has brought us to the close of
the fiftieth year of our existence and on this occasion we can
look back on our library and museum with pride and pleasure
and with hope and confidence in their future prospects. It
behooves us on this occasion to review the events which have
marked our progress, so that we may see how far we have
succeeded in accomplishing the noble objects, which are the
basis of our organization — " the advancement of science and
the establishment of a museum and library for the illustra-
tion and study of its various branches." Hampered for
many years by lack of funds and patronage, we have strug-
gled successfully, until we now have treasured in our museum
many valuable specimens in all branches of natural science
and in our library the memoirs and transactions of learned
societies all over the globe, to be resorted to by the stu-
dents and lovers of natural science in this great Mississippi
Valley.
The first meeting of the members, held March 10, 1856,
was taken up by the election of officers and the adoption of a
constitution and by-laws.
At the second meeting of the Academy, April 21, 1856,
Col. John O'Fallon, through Dr. C. A. Pope, offered to the
xxxiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Academy the free use of the Cabinet Hall and other rooms
suitable for the purposes of the Academy in the Dispensary
Building of the St. Ijouis Medical College (also known as
Pope's College). This generous offer was thankfully ac-
cepted. In this building, which was located on the northeast
corner of Seventh street and Clark avenue, were established
the first museum and library of the Academy.
At that same meeting the first donations were received.
Dr. Albert C. Koch presented a lithographic plate of the
" Missourium " (^Mastodon giganteus) found by him in Mis-
souri, and which played an important part for some time in
archaeological and geological discussions in this country. Mr.
Charles P. Chouteau, who had then in his posession a large
number of fossils collected by Dr. F. V. Hayden from the
Bad Lands of Nebraska, placed this collection in the museum
of the Academy. His own interest in the collection, amount-
ing to about one-fourth of the whole, he presented as a dona-
tion to the society.
Through the liberality of Mr. Charles P. Chouteau the
Academy came in possession of an extensive and beautiful
collection of mammalian remains from the Eocene Tertiary,
together with many finely preserved fossils from the Creta-
ceous Formation of Nebraska. This collection, which was
the nucleus of the Academy's Museum, was later increased
by the purchase of the one-fourth interest of Col. A. J.
Vaughan, which gave to the Academy an equal share with the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in the splendid
collection made by the United States Geological Survey of
the Territories from the Bad Lands of Nebraska and other
portions of the Upper Missouri Country. Unfortunately
almost the entire collection was lost in the great fire which
the Academy suffered some years later.
At the same meeting Dr. Koch offered to visit, for the
benefit of the Academy, a certain locality in Mississippi,
where remains of Zeuglodoyi, a gigantic fossil whale, had been
discovered. This was the first investigation carried out at the
expense of the new Institution.
At the third meeting of the Academy the first donations
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxxv
toward a library came, when Dr. B. F. Shumard presented
Decade VI of the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Dr. Engelmann a num-
ber of monographs on various scientific subjects.
The first society to recognize the new organization was the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, which donated
to the Library a set of its "Proceedings" and the second
series of its "Journal."
At a special meeting called by the President, August 4,
1856, the library, belonging to the Western Academy of
Natural Sciences, consisting of 120 volumes, the mineralogi-
cal and geological collections, cases and apparatus, were do-
nated to the Academy. The Western Academ}^ of Natural
Sciences had been organized in 1837 by two men, destined to
play important roles in the future Academy of Science, Dr.
George Engelmann and Dr. Adolphus Wislizenus. This was,
so far as is known, the first scientific association established
west of the Alleghany Mountains.
During the first year of its existence the progress of our
Museum had been so encouraging that standing committees
were appointed in the following subjects : — Ethnology,
Comparative Anatomy, Mammalogy, Ornithology, Herpet-
ology and Ichthyology, Chemical Geology and Malacology,
Entomology, Botany, Palaeontology and Geology, Mineral-
ogy, Chemistry, Physics, Embryology and Monstrosities.
At the end of the second year Astronomy and Meteorology
were added. The fostering of these various branches was an
immense undertaking for this young society, but fortunately
it had among its members, men, not only deeply interested in
science and its progress, but also possessing the necessary
qualifications to perform the duties assigned to them.
Prominent among the donors appears, again and again, the
name of Mr. Charles P. Chouteau, who was ever mindful
of the Academy's needs when on his expeditions into the far
West in the interests of the fur trade. On one occasion he
requested the Academy "to name some naturalist to accom-
pany him on his expedition to the Upper Missouri free of ex-
pense to the society." At another time we find recorded in
iSxvi Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.
the minutes that "numerous mounted and preserved speci-
mens of mammals, birds, reptiles and fishes, collected on the
Upper Missouri river by the taxidermist sent by the Academy
to accompany Mr. Charles P. Chouteau on the annual trip of
the American Fur Co.'s boats, were received and deposited in
the Museum." Of the many and priceless gifts of Mr. Chou-
teau only a section of the Fort Pierre meteorite now remains.
Dr. Charles A. Pope, who donated many valuable speci-
mens representative of morphology and comparative anatomy ;
Dr. Theodore C. Hilgard, the donor of a beautiful series of
fish skeletons, a large collection of lichens mounted and of
many papier mache models of fungi, colored true to nature;
Dr. Chas. W. Stevens, from whom many fine mammal skele-
tons were received, especially a fine specimen of Bos cavi-
frons, which I am happy to say is still in our possession ; Dr.
Hiram A. Prout, for whom the gigantic Titanotlieriutn
Prouti of the Bad Lands of Nebraska will stand as a lasting
monument in the world of science; Dr. Adolphus Wislizenus,
whose work during his tour to Mexico was publicly acknowl-
edged by Humboldt as of value to him in his studies in that
region; Dr. Benjamin F. Shumard, Dr. George Engelmann,
Prof. George C. Swallow, Prof. G. C. Broadhead, Mr. Edwm
Harrison, and Mr. Nathaniel Holmes will ever be remembered
as the principal donors to the Museum and Library in the
early days of the Academy.
After five years of prosperous existence came the gloomy
days of the War, disturbing the political, social and financial
conditions of the whole country. But even these days of
strife added to the Academy's museum. The Western San-
itary Commission deposited with the Academy what remained
of the Natural History Collection of McDowell College,
which had been turned into a war prison — Gratiot Street
Prison.
At the close of the war the Academy regained some of its
accustomed activity and, in the fall of 1868, a committee was
appointed to secure rooms in the Polytechnic Building, as the
Museum and Library had far outgrown the quarters in the
College Building. While negotiations were still pending, fire
Celehration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxxvii
broke out in May, 1869, destroying almost the entire Museum.
Fortunately the Library was saved. The loss of its Museum
was irreparable and no efforts to re-establish it were made
until a few years ago.
During the years that the Academy was tenanted in the
Public School Library Building, the Washington University
and the Missouri Historical Society, what was left of the
Museum and such small accessions as were acquired from
time to time were stored in cellars and consequently of no use
to the members or to the public.
However, during the bright days of the Archaeological
Section in 1876 and 1877, excavations were made by the
Academy in the mounds of southeastern Missouri, in north-
ern Arkansas and in Illinois, the partial results of which were
published in a quarto memoir. The pottery and the crania
obtained then are among the treasures of our present museum.
While no serious efforts were made during some thirty
years to re-establish the Museum, the energies of the Academy
during that time were devoted to the formation of a library
by the liberal exchange of publications. In this way we have
come into the possession of many valuable series issued by
kindred societies from all over the world. To-day we ex-
change publications with 420 foreign and 160 home societies.
While we undoubtedly have as valuable a series of the cur-
rent scientific literature as published by societies of kindred
aims, our files are devoid of the works and publications de-
voted exclusively to certain branches of science, as, for in-
stance, ♦' Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie," " Mor-
phologisches Jahrbuch," " Annals and Magazine of Natural
History," " Transactions and Procedings of the Zoological
Society,'" " Palaeontographica," "Quarterly Journal and
Transactions of the Geological Society " and *' Poggendorf's
Annalen der Physik und Chemie," but which are considered
indispensible as references to keep in touch with the progress
made in those branches. These are not obtainable by ex-
change but only by purchase and, since the funds of the
Academy have been very limited, no appropriation could be
made to supply this necessary addition to the Library. How-
xxxviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
ever, we sincerely hope to overcome this obstacle, as wo have
others, with the kind and liberal assistance of our worthy
members.
In 1900 the Academy purchased the Yandell Collection,
consisting of about ten thousand palaeontological specimens,
containing many of Yandell's own type specimens and of
those described by Shumard, whose collection is now in the
possession of Washington University. This collection is
especially rich in crinoids of the Devonian Age and many rare
types contained in it are described in the first volume of the
Transactions. The purchase of this collection by the Academy
placed in St. Louis two of the best fossil collections in exist-
ence to which students may well refer in their scientific re-
searches for typical specimens characteristic of this section of
the country.
In 1901, through the efforts of Mrs. Wm. L. Bouton, the
Academy acquired a collection of 635 butterflies, mostly tropi-
cal, beautifully mounted on Denton tablets.
When the Academy moved into its own home two years
ago — the magnificent gift of Mrs. William McMillan and her
son, Mr. William N. McMillan — new efforts were made to
again establish a museum of natural history worthy of the
name. The entire third floor of the spacious home has been
devoted to this purpose, and beside the Yandell and butterfly
collections, we now have on exhibition a fine collection of
mound builder pottery and some forty human skulls from the
mounds near New Madrid, Missouri; many minerals from all
parts of the United States ; a small collection of fossil leaves ;
quite a large number of small shells ; many specimens of the
different kinds of wood of our country ; a collection of twenty-
five meteorites, among which is a section of the Fort Pierre
Meteorite, which originally weighed thirty-five pounds and is
the gift of Mr. Charles P. Chouteau; and a remnant of the
first museum — some fine fossiliferous slabs, mostly from St.
Louis limestone and of great value ; some of the fossils of the
Hay den Survey, containing the type of Titanotherium Prouti ;
a good specimen of Bos cavifrons (a species of fossil ox) ; a
burnt brick from the ruins of Nineveh, described in Volume I.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xxxix
of the Transactions, and a large rock from Perry County,
Missouri, with the human foot-prints chiseled out by the
Indians, presented by Dr. Koch.
While the acquisitions made in recent years have been most
gratifying, we have, however, at present only a nucleus to the
museum we hope to establish at the Academy. It is our in-
tention to procure collections of the various branches of
natural science, especially those represented in our own State,
which we hope will be a lasting benefit to the public and to the
educational institutions of the city.
3. Proceedings at the Dinner of March 10, 1906.
welcome of the president.
Dinner having been served, the President of the Academy,
Dr. Adolf Alt, greeted its guests as follows: —
Dr. Alt : —
Honored and esteemed Guests and Delegates from cor-
responding Sister Societies. — It is my privilege, and one
fraught with great pleasure, to warmly welcome you to this
festive board in the name of the St. Louis Academy of
Science and to thank you for having accepted our invitation
so cheerfully and in such large numbers. We heartily thank
your home societies and you personally for the friendly inter-
est thus shown in this birthday celebration of our own organ-
ization.
Ladies and Gentlemen. — We have come together this
evening to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of
the St. Louis Academy of Science. Only when we think
back to what the West, what St. Louis, was 50 years ago, are
we able to approximately appreciate what kind of men they
must have been and of what metal they must have been made,
who 50 years ago conceived the idea of founding here in St.
Louis an Academy of Science and who succeeded in keeping
it alive and giving it the proud position which it has ever
xl Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
held, thanks to them, among its older and younger sisters.
Unfortunately not one of them has been spared to be here
and rejoice with us to-night, although we are fortunate enough
to still count among our ranks some gentlemen who have been
members of the Academy almost as long as it has been in
existence.
We, being familiar with its history, know what struggles
and crises, what — if I may say so — children's diseases the
Academy had to go through. Cognizant of these facts and
yet seeing that the Academy has reached 50 years of exist-
ence, we cannot but feel proud of the undaunted spirit and
the constancy of purpose with which these men and their suc-
cessors have battled for the high aims of this Academy and
held up the standard in spite of adversity.
The aims of an Academy of Science are such, that the
average citizen is very far from appreciating them at their
worth, yet we are fortunate in having a goodly number of
members who, though not themselves engaged in scientific
work, show sufficient interest in it to be willing to share the
small burdens this membership imposes, for the sake of the
good that is to come out of it. Would that there were more
of their kind! Those, however, who are with us know that
the workers in this Academy seek no material gain, but are
each and every one imbued with the sole desire to apply their
intellectual forces, each one in his special sphere of work, to
help to increase knowledge, which is truth. Our only re-
ward lies in the satisfaction of the work itself and we may
well point to our 15 volumes of published Transactions, with
a feeling of satisfaction and the consciousness that the
Academy of Science of St. Louis has, through its working
members, from its start gained and held an honored place in
the scientific world.
It is almost a custom to compare the life of an organiza-
tion like ours with the life of man. I refrain from doing so
and only wish to make this one point : When a couple have been
married for 50 years, we call the fiftieth anniversary of their
wedding the golden one. In like manner the daily press have
referred to this our fiftieth birthday as our golden jubilee.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xli
Yet, this seems to be a poor comparison. Fifty years in a
human life mean much, fifty years in wedded life mean
nearing the end, but 50 years of life of an organization like
ours — though certainly respectable — mean after all, I hope,
but a youthful age.
In this sense I ask you all to lift your glasses and drink
with me to the
Vivat Jloreat et crescat Academia Scientiae civitatis Sancti Ludovicil
I now have the pleasure of introducing to you the toast-
master of the evening. Professor Francis E. Nipher.
address of the toa8tm aster.
Professor Nipher: —
It is now fifty years since a little company of gentlemen
met in the rooms of the Board of Public Schools of St. Louis
and organized The Academy of Science of St. Louis. I think
their names should be spoken here to-night. I read them
from the minutes of that meeting as they appear in Vol. I
of the Transactions.
George Engklmann, M.D. Wm. M. McPheeters, M.D.
Hiram A. Prout, M.D. Simon Pollak,M.D.
Moses M. Fallen, M.D. Chas. W. Stevens, M.D.
Benj. F. Shumakd, M.D. Adolph. Wislizenus, M.D.
Chas. A. Pope, M.D. Nathaniel Holmes.
Wm. H. Tingley, M.D, M. L. Linton, M.D.
James B. Eads. J. H. Walters, M.D.
Chas. P. Chouteau.
They adopted a Constitution and By-Laws, and elected
officers for the ensuing year, George Engelmann having been
elected President.
We have only the memories of these men with us here to-
nio-ht. They have all finished their labors, and have left to
us the grateful task of carrying on the work which they so
worthily began.
On February 9, 1857, the Academy adopted the Charter of
xlii Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.
Incorporation previously granted by the Legislature of Mis-
souri. The object of the Academy as therein stated is " the
advancement of science, and the establishment in said city of
a Museum and Library for the illustration and study of its
various branches."
Section 3 of the charter is of sufficient interest to claim our
attention for a moment. It provides that " all property
owned or held by this corporation shall be exempt from taxa-
tion so long as the same shall continue to be held and used in
good faith for the objects and purposes aforesaid ; but when-
ever any real estate of the corporation shall be leased to any
other person or persons, the leasehold interest therein shall
be taxable to the lessee or lessees thereof , as in other cases."
It is evident that these gentlemen intended to lay a broad
foundation. The constitution which they adopted at the first
meeting provides that the following subjects should be em-
braced in its field of work : Zoology, Botany, Geology, Miner-
alogy, Palaeontology, Ethnology (especially that of the
aboriginal tribes of North America), Chemistry, Physics,
Mathematics, Meteorology, and Comparative Anatomy and
Physiology. The field of work here laid out was broad
enough to justify the name which they adopted.
At present the oldest member of the Academy is Dr. Enno
Sander. He is still a young man [applause]. I don't like
to ask him to tell just how old he is, but I think he is over
eighty. He was elected a member during the first year of the
existence of the Academy, only a few months after the organi-
zation. I have always been sorry Dr. Sander was not one of
the original incorporators. In 1861, Dr. Sander was made
Kecording Secretary of the Academy, and the following year,
'62, he became Treasurer, which position he has continuously
held until this day.
The first list of members published contained eighty-seven
names; that was in Volume II of the Transactions, and of
those names, we still have five upon our rolls. Nearly all of
those men are dead. The five who are still with us are, Dr.
G. Baumgarten, Dr. John Green, Dr. Enno Sander, Dr. Wm.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary . xliii
Taussig, and Edward Mallinckrodt. With the exception of
Dr. Baumgarten, those gentlemen are all here to-night.
In 18&.1, Dr. Prout, who was then President, in his annual
address made a very strong appeal to the members, and par-
ticularly to the younger members, and to those who were not
members of the Academy. He tried to influence them to go
into something definite, and become masters of it; to become
producers, in order that they might take the places of the
older men who had thus far done all of the scientific work of
the Academy. About that time, or a little later, there was a
great deal of talk of that kind, and it seems to have had the
desired effect. Here in this city, certainly, that has come
about. In all places in this country, that has been steadily
coming about. The result is a little different, I think, from
what had been anticipated. One might have hoped that those
who did become specialists, who did study carefully and
closely, some particular subject until they became masters of
of it, would still retain their interest for other things, but it
turned out to be a little different from that. This seems to
be our experience. Those who are interested in special lines
of work sometimes lose their interest in other things. I think
we all feel in that way more or less, but it does seem to be
somewhat pitiful that those of us who have looked into our
microscopes at something intricate and interesting, should be
so intent upon those things that we forget the starry
heavens above, and the entire world around. It does seem
that we ought to try to do something to broaden our ways of
thinking on scientific things. I do think still that we should
endeavor to specialize — that one should learn something and
pursue it, but why not still maintain our interest in other
things as well? I believe that part of the trouble comes from
the fact that when papers are offered for publication, they are
frequently read in great technical detail. If we could reform
our local Academies of Science in such a way that those papers
could be presented only in abstract, giving those things vital
and essential, leaving details for the published paper, and
endeavor to make that presentation as interesting as possible,
we should accomplish vastly more. If we, in our Academy of
xliv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Science, could have several papers on each evenino^, giving
the results obtained in botany, geology, or what not, pre-
sented in such a way as to interest not only our own members
but others, then we could accomplish something.
Now I know very well that it is urged that the discussion
which follows papers of that sort is valuable, but my obser-
vation is to this effect : that the discussion which follows a
paper, particularly if very technical, is always about some-
thing else, and might just as well be omitted. If that discus-
sion could follow a week later, after having considered the
paper, and better still, if it could be made in writing in public,
after the paper which was being discussed had been published,
then the results would be much more valuable. Impromptu
discussions are as likely to be valuable if a paper is presented
in abstract as when it is read in minute detail. It is very
much better for one who wishes to publish anything to get it
all ready, study it carefully, think of it closely, and then file
it away for three or four years ; then study it again, and then
probably the paper will be worth publishing.
Now I have said something about the duty of those who
produce these papers. I think there is also another duty
which those who are to hear owe to those who produce the
papers. When one is reading a paper in detail, and boring
everybody, I think our devotion to science ought to be suf-
ficiently great to cause us to listen to the end. In some
societies I have attended, where papers of that kind were
read, it was evident that not a single person present was really
following the reader. I have taken pains to ask them about
it. The ansvi-er was, " Why I couldn't understand it; wait
until it comes out in print." Now, why couldn't such a paper
be presented in an attractive way, and then let those who wish
read it in print? But suppose a man hasn't that much sense,
then I think we ought to take our punishment, and go to the
meeting. There is a great inspiration in numbers. There
are very few people who like to speak to an audience consist-
ing of the President, the Secretary and one or two other
persons. One can sometimes say to a crowd what he couldn't
say to empty benches.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xlv
presentation of portrait.
The Toastmaster : —
These gentlemen who organized the Academy, certainly
worked with very great enthusiasm and self-denial. I have
been much interested in reading the proceedings of those early
meetings, and I find that they were full of zeal in carrying
out the project which they had started, and which we celebrate
to-night. We have made an effort, — the committee having
this in charge — to secure photographs of all members who
attended the first meeting and, with two exceptions, we have
succeeded. It is my pleasure, Mr. President, in behalf of
friends of the Academy to present to you for the Academy
the photographs of these gentlemen who formed the meeting
which we celebrate to-night.
presentation of medal.
The Toastmaster : —
There is another presentation which friends of the Academy
also wish to make this evening, and I will call upon Dr. John
Green to make that presentation.
Dr. Green : —
Members and Guests of The Academy of Science of St.
Louis — Ladies and Gentlemen : — The Council of The St.
Louis Academy of Science has ordered the striking of a medal
in commemoration of the completion of its fiftieth year. The
obverse of the medal is a replica of the corporate seal of the
Academy, bearing the legend in Latin, " To human knowledge
and power," and a design in low relief, sj'mbolical of different
branches of natural science, of instrumental aids to observa-
tion, of the orderly collation of observed facts, and of the
fundamental principles upon which scientific reasoning is
based. The reverse of the medal reproduces the features of
the distinguished founder of the Academy, its first President,
many times re-elected, the man of whom it may be said,
almost without exaggeration, that he was the Academy — Dr.
George Engelmann.
xlvi Travis. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.
It was my privilege to meet Dr. Engelmann about the date
of the organization of the Academy, in the working-room of
Professor Asa Gray at the Botanical Garden of Harvard Uni-
versity. He had come to Cambridge to collaborate with Dr.
Gray upon certain genera of North American plants which he
had made peculiarly his own. The picture of a rugged,
withal kindly, middle-aged man, working with quick and sure
insight through great piles of herbarium specimens, pausing
now and again to discuss with his friend some character of a
species with which the student at the little table by the
window was occupied, is to-day as vivid in memory as it was
in his actual presence fifty years ago.
Ten years later the impression was revived. The erstwhile
tyro in botany came to St. Louis to take up the practice
of medicine in this city. Through the kindness of Professor
Gray, he was enabled to enter on new relations with Dr.
Engelmann, then as for years past and to come, a busy prac-
ticing physician holding a foremost place in the ranks of the
profession in St. Louis. But the able and busy physician
was still the devoted and indefatigable botanist, utilizing the
briefest intervals of release from professional duties in the
prosecution of the special work in hand, accumulating a
noble herbarium of original types, tilling volumes with his
personal notes and drawings, and, from time to time, publish-
ing the comprehensive and perfectly elaborated contributions
to knowledge which won for him the recognition of leading
scientists of the world as a co-worker in their own class.
Dr. Engelmann's scientific activities were not confined to
botany. A pioneer in an as yet undeveloped region, he real-
ized the importance of studying climatic conditions. For
more than thirty years he observed, recorded and tabulated
the daily rain-fall, and barometric, thermometric and hygro-
metric readings — anticipating, by a full third of a century,
the local observations of the U. S. Weather Bureau, and
making it possible for the investigator of to-day to utilize
continuous, authentic records supplementing those accumu-
lated through existing agencies.
Dr. Engelmann was firmly grounded in natural science out-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xlvii
side the boundaries of bis special department. Conscious of
his power, the outgrowth of broad and accurate knowledge
supplemented by great achievement, he was without ^ sus-
picion of conceit. He dominated the meetings of the
Academy as its acknowledged head and leader. A shallow
pretender to knowledge withered under his plain and direct
statement of fact; the modest seeker after truth was made
stronger by his sympathetic appreciation and encouragement.
In the late 60's the meetings of the Academy were held,
through the courtesy of Dr. Chas. A. Pope, in one of the
buildings of the St. Louis Medical College, on the northeast
corner of Seventh and Myrtle streets (the latter now known
as Clark avenue). Engelmann, Shumard, Wislizenus, Dr.
Enno Sander — then as now Treasurer, the Recording Secre-
tary, Judge Nathaniel Holmes — Corresponding Secretary,
Dr. G. Baumgarten — Librarian, and a half dozen others,
more or less appreciative votaries of science, made up the regu-
lar attendance. Hardly ever were there more than ten or
twelve persons present, and those generally the same. The
larger body of members, who were not in the habit of attend-
ing the meetings, contributed the money needed to defray the
cost of the publication of the Transactions.
At an early date, the Academy had collected a notable
museum, later destroyed by fire, which was displayed in an
upper hall in the building of the Medical College. Its library,
already valuable, and consisting largely of publications of
learned Societies received in exchange for its own Transactions,
was shelved in a room adjoining that in which the meetings
were held.
The growth of the Academy in later years has been essen-
tially along the lines so wisely defined by its founders. Its
library has been steadily and enormously increased through
its affiliations with other scientific bodies in this country and
in Europe ; its treasures are housed, and its meetings are held,
in its own building, provided by private munificence. Its
Transactions have appeared in unbroken series, and have been
kept up to a high and worthy standard.
Mr. President — Colleague and Friend : — It is my privilege
xlviii Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
and my great pleasure to present to you, in the name of the
contributors to its cost, the bronze medal which has been
struck as a memorial of this semi-centennial celebration of the
founding of the Academy.
acceptance of portraits and medal.
President Alt : —
Ladies and Gentlemen: — In behalf of the Academy, I
accept these gifts which friends of the Academy have been in
their liberality so kind as to donate to us, and I think I
can assure you that the members of the Academy will highly
prize and treasure them.
address of dr. birge.
The Toastmaster: —
When I said that we ought not to specialize in such a way
as to cause us to lose our interest in other things, of course I
wished it to be distinctly understood that I have nothing
whatever to say against most intense specialization. The only
point I wished to make is this : that if one does feel called
upon to devote his life and to organize a Society or Club for
the study of the abdominal parasites of the white ant, he cer-
tainly ought still to remember that there are black ants.
We have with us this evening a gentleman representing the
Natural History Survey of Wisconsin, who has kindly con-
sented to address us concerning advance in his science, Dean
E. A. Birge, of the University of Wisconsin.
Dr. Birge: —
Mr. President, Members and Guests of the St. Louis
Academy of Science : — I deem it a great honor as well as a
great pleasure to be present this evening and to take part in
the Jubilee Anniversary of the founding of this Academy.
I congratulate the Academy on the great service which it has
rendered to science throughout the fifty years whose close
we celebrate. During the early decades of its life it was
almost the only scientific body in the Mississippi valley. Its
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xlix
example inspired the founding of other scientific associations,
with similar purpose, but none of these has had a record
more brilliant than this, their older sister. I congratulate
the Academy also on the assured prospect of an enlarged
work and a greater usefulness in the future. The scientific
world of a half century hence will have even greater reason
than has that of to-day to commemorate the story of its past
and to admire its perennial vigor and youth.
I congratulate the audience also on the fact that I am not
going to talk on the subject — The Progress of Science since
1856 — which was suggested to me and which I have let stand
in default of a better title for my remarks. The progress of
science in the last half century cannot be treated in a fifteen
minute speech, even though the time allowance is very liber-
ally construed. It would take rather a book as large as this
precious first volume of your Transactions which your Secre-
tary has brought with him. I shall not, therefore, attempt to
develop my subject, but shall touch only two thoughts sug-
gested by the condition of science in 1856 and 1906.
The founders of your Academy, like all true scientists, were
men of vision, else they would hardly have had faith to select
that motto which your seal has always borne :
*' Humanae scientiae et potentiae.^^
In 1856 it took some faith to see that science embodied
human knowledge and power. That was in the pre-Dar-
winian age — a period as remote from our own, both on
the material and on the spiritual side of civilization, as
was Shakespeare's day remote from that time. Half a
century ago Wallace was in the Malay archipelago and had
not yet thought of the survival of the fittest. Darwin had
just published his treatise on barnacles, and, unknown to the
world, was seriously at work on that other book whose ab-
stract, published in 1859, started the great revolution in
human thought and life whose beginning none foresaw when
your Academy was founded, but which has rightly given to the
second half of the nineteenth century the name of the Age of
Darwin. These revolutionary changes have concerned both
1 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Low's.
thought and life and in both directions they have resulted
from the influence of science.
Let me first say a word on the way in which science has
come to sum up human power. Careless observers call this a
materialistic age and not wholly without reason, for beyond
all ages in the past it depends for its civilization upon material
aids. One of the great facts in the world's history during the
past half century is that applied science has come to control
our daily life — that the engineer has come to his own. I
need not speak on the material changes which this revolu-
tion has caused. I should think it very foolish were
I to attempt to tell you of these facts here in St. Louis,
where the assembled products of human effort have just
been })]aced before your eyes and minds. Let me speak of
them only as examples of human power. These changes in
our environment have not come about as the result of an
ignoble love of ease, or of an equally ignoble desire for gain.
They have arisen, in part, out of that desire for the mastery
of the earth which has been one of the great possessions of
the human race from the beginning. That spirit of conquest
which inspired all of the pioneers of the world ; which has
been a peculiar possession of our own race ; which led your
fathers to found St. Louis; has in these last days, when the
earth as a planet has been conquered, greatly inspired men to
become masters of the earth in a new sense. It leads them
to employ that knowledge which science has brought them,
so that they may control and better the conditions of life;
to seek new possessions for mankind in the untrodden paths
of knowledge instead of the unknown world of forest or
prairie.
In still another way this applied science stands for power.
It displays before our eyes and makes real in our lives the
inner force of man's constructive imagination. We do very
ill if the triumphs of engineering skill, among which we live
and move, display to us only a desire to add to our comfort.
We do still worse if, with those who look on the world in the
temper of Carlyle, we feel that they are but the means for
fools to move about a little more rapidly, to communicate
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. li
their folly to each other a little more easily. Far different
is the truth for which these works stand. They represent
in concrete form the great triumphs of the human imagina-
tion. Man, the artifex — the originator — has been with us
ever since Prometheus brought down the fire from heaven,
but in no age have the heavenly mysteries been more fully or
more freely revealed than they have been in ours. When the
English language had come to youthful maturity in the days
of Elizabeth, the great dramatists and other great writers
used it for the purpose of expressing human thought as it
was never used before or since, and to-day in the world about
us the masters of engineering skill are using the knowledge
accumulated by science in the same easy, powerful, and mas-
terful way, to express the imaginations of their own inner
souls. Man has entered into the world as a creative power
as he never has done in days past. In these creative works
he feels something of the joy of the creator. You remember
the words of Kipling in McAndrew's hymn :
" O' that warkl-lifliu' joy no after-fall could vex,
Ye've left a ylimraer slill to cheer the Mun, the Artifex I"
It is the longing for this eternal joy, the desire for the sense
of mastery over the great forces of nature, which applied
science has fulfilled for man to-day in a measure unknown to
any earlier generation.
Consider such a structure as your Eads bridge, built by one
of the founders of your Academy, the first great bridge which
spanned the Mississippi River. It is a wonderful production
of human skill, of the hitman hand, but a far more wonderful
production of the human mind, for in the mind of the engi-
neer the bridge stood complete before it was built. Every
beam, every chord, every rivet of the bridge was present to
his thought in an '* interdependence absolute, foreseen, or-
dained, decreed;" each in its place and each exactly propor-
tioned to its strain. In a thousand other works the same
creative force is seen and these works — these supreme
achievements of the human mind — can look up to man as
their creator and give to him that highest praise — " Thine
Jii Trans. Acad. Set. of JSt. Louis.
eyes did see my substance yet being unperfect, and in thy
book all my members were written, what days they should be
fashioned, when as yet there were none of them." Thus in
the half century that has passed since the founding of your
Academy the engineer has come to his own. Through him
science has become a leader in the advancement of human
society, the dominating force in civilization, and her works in
the world of to-day are the highest expression of human
power.
But the other part of your motto is that of which I would
speak with more affection, if not with greater emphasis.
Your infant Academy was dedicated, first to human knowl-
edge, and then to human power. Not all men could recognize
in the science of fifty years ago that supreme position in
human thought which the half century has assigned to it.
There were then few men whose work was wholly devoted to
science, and their work was not held in the highest esteem by
all of the community. Science was hardly a vocation ; hardly
the business of a man's life. It was something interesting :
something for men to play with ; something to which the
teacher might give his leisure hours in the laboratory ; some-
thing to which the busy physician, like Dr. Engelmann, could
turn in moments snatched from his profession. But, on the
whole, the world of the '50's felt that the study of science
was quite apart from man's real life. It lay outside of the
serious business of the world. To-day the world sees in the
achievements of applied science at once the indispensable
conditions of our complex civilization and the highest expres-
sion of human power. In like manner, though less clearly,
it is beginning to see in the results of pure science, of re-
search, the highest expression of human knowledge and the
necessary conditions of human progress.
Men devoted to research, in some sense of the term, have
been with mankind from the beginning. Their work is on
one side an expression of one of the most ancient and funda-
mental impulses of the race.
•' For to admire aud for to see
For to behold this world so wide " —
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. liii
That motive has always influenced men, and fortunately
will do so to the end of time. The scientist of the mid-
dle ages and of the Renaissance felt, like the Athenian
of old, the desire to see and to hear some new thing, and
to-day the same desire is with us. We, too, respond to
the call of the unknown; that great world of potential
knowledge which still " lieth in darkness " has an irre-
sistible attraction for us. But our work as scientists has a
deeper significance to the world than this gratification of our
desire toward the unknown. Science is no longer a mere
matter of curiosity. It is a matter of necessity, and the
work of the scientist is a part of the warp and woof of the
fabric of civilization. It is peculiarly the function of an
Academy like yours to make this truth evident to the com
munity which it serves.
There are only two points to which I would refer in this
connection : First, the assurance of the future success and the
progress of civilization lies in the progress of science, of hu-
man knowledge. The complex adjustments of society to-day
come out of the knowledge which the past has accumulated.
The engineer is to-day applying the knowledge which pure
science has furnished to him. He is developing and exploit-
ing the regions which other explorers have discovered. He
is utilizing for the profit, for the advancement of mankind,
the results of research in the study and the laboratory. But
what is to be the history of the future? Shall the knowl-
edge of to day be worked out, and the skill of the engineer
degenerate into rule of thumb? Or are the scientists of to-
day engaged in fruitful research whose results the engineer
of tomorrow will employ? Nothing is more certain than
that the present must ever be accumulating the knowledge
out of which is to come the power of the future. History
teaches nothing more clearly than that the great additions to
human power have come out of scientific di;?coveries, which
at first seemed far from any chance of influencing human
life, and that out of similar knowledge of to-day must
come the conditions of life in the future. Science gives us a
brilliant example of a series of discoveries that has just now
liv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
reached a stage where it begins to reveal to us a glimpse —
just a glimpse — of enormous possibilities of future power.
A few years ago the study of Lenard rays and Koentgen rays
might well have been regarded by the unscientific as only a
pastime for the leisure of the philosopher. But to-day, as
discovery has advanced, there are disclosed to us in the trans-
formation of radium sources of almost limitless energy in the
universe. We cannot avoid the thought that there is at least
a remote possibility that in the intra-atomic energy thus dis-
closed the applied science of the future may secure sources of
power incomparably greater than those now at our command;
sources of power which, if set at work, would revolutionize
our civilization, both on its material and social sides. This
is only one item in that capital fund of knowledge which
research is accumulating, to be drawn upon by the applied
science of the future. This item may not finally prove a
valuable asset, but no one who knows the past can doubt
that if not here, then elsewhere in the stores of science is the
knowledge which will revolutionize the conditions of life for
future generations.
In human knowledge then, in science, lies the only assur-
ance of human power for generations still to come. The in-
tellectual temper of a people, therefore — that temper which
determines their attitude toward research — becomes a factor
of prime importance in their permanent prosperity and happi-
ness ; and this is the other phase of the intellectual relations
of science of which I would speak. What will men do for
science as the world grows older? The reply to this question
determines, so far as intellectual matters go, the possibilities
of future success. Will men with keen enthusiasm, with undi-
minished power and interest, press forward to secure the
knowledge of the unknown world beyond them? Or will they
rest within the boundaries of the knowledge they have at-
tained, satisfied with spending the forces which they already
possess? Will men be so absorbed in their gains, in enjoying
the possession of the present, as to neglect the conditions of
life in the future? Will they cease to amass the knowledge
which the practical man of the future is to develop? Will
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Iv
thej exhaust their intellectual possessions as they have ex-
hausted their forests, their mines, and their soils? Or will
they make it part of the serious business of life to increase
the intellectual resources of the state? Will they learn that
this task is so great that it cannot be accomplished by the
devoted lives of a few individuals, but that many thousands
must give their best powers to the work ; that the continued
safety of the republic demands the enlistment for this service
of a great army of men dedicated to the pursuit of truth, in-
spired in their toils by a high sense of duty and of public ser-
vice, and sustained by the sympathy and appreciation of the
commonwealth ?
In determining the right answer to these questions the in-
fluence of an academy like this is all important ; gathering
together all those in the community who are interested in
the development of human knowledge and power, and uniting
their efforts, not for the display of knowledge, of the discov-
eries which they may make, but for the accumulation of that
knowledge which may be of interest only to-day, but some
of which will certainly be of supreme necessity to-morrow.
And beyond and far above this duty is the higher function of
fostering and strengthening the scientific temper and the
scientific spirit in whose widely diffused and vigorous presence
in the community lie the hopes of the future.
If an academy is to take its part in this great work well and
truly, it must attempt the task, as your Academy has done,
in a spirit even wider than that indicated by the words just
spoken. For if science had given to man a new knowledge
only, it would have fallen far short of reaching its command-
ing position in the worlds of thought and of life. VV^ith that
new knowledge it has given him a new learning ; it has en-
larged the charter of liberal education — the learning which
belongs to a freeman — adding to that learning which makes
a man free of human society that which confers on him the
freedom of the world. It has given to man a new temper in
which to seek and to find the truth ; has enlarged and elevated
his conceptions of truth, and in so doing has given him new
and higher standards of morals. It has given him a new
Ivi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
revelation of the universe in which he lives and of the nature
and the methods of God's government. This enrichment of
the human spirit, from sources unknown through countless
centuries of human life, has been present in some degree and
in some men ever since the Renaissance. But it has been ex-
tended to the whole race of men and known to the world as
the gift of science for a short time only, hardly longer than the
half century whose close we commemorate to-night. The
real significance of that half century to human life is in this
transformation of its inner temper by the spirit of science ;
and in your part in that transformation lies the real value of
your work as an Academy.
A few years ago one of the European academies celebrated
its entrance upon a new century. The inscription on its
commemorative medal presents the thought with which I
would close.
" Humanitatis florem alleri tradens aetati.^^
These are the words which I would leave with you as you
turn from this jubilee anniversary to enter upon the tasks
brought by a new half century. Your high privilege, as well
as your duty, is to cultivate and to pass on from generation
to generation that flower of the human spirit, in which its
knowledge and power alike find best expression; that latest,
that best gift of God to man — science.
The Toastmaster : —
On account of, perhaps, some little nervousness, due to the
fact that my experience in the performance of such duties is
somewhat limited, I passed over the subject of gifts — pre-
sentations to the Academy, without allowing of other oppor-
tunities. The Academy of Science of Davenport has recently
received by will of one of its members, a sum of money
amounting to something like seven hundred thousand dollars.
The income from part of it is to be used during the life of
some of the relatives of the donor, for their purposes, but on
their death, the entire sum is to be given to the Academy of
Sciences of Davenport, which becomes, therefore, the most
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ivii
wealthy institution of its kind in the world. I had thought
of saying that if any one felt the spirit to move him to an-
nounce such a gift here, he may feel free to do so. This
indeed might be done at any time, without being considered a
breach of the peace.
addresses of delegates.
The Toastmaster : —
We have with us this evening the President of another
Academy of Science, the Academy of Science of Chicago.
Professor T. C. Chamberlin will represent that Academy in
an address. In view of the experience I have already had, it
is rash to predict what he will say. I did think I knew, but
I will let him tell what the subject is.
Dr. Chamberlin: —
Members and Friends of the Academy of St. Louis : — It
is a very great pleasure to me, Mr. Chairman, to bring to you
the warm congratulations of the sister Academy by the lake.
That Academy came very near to being a twin sister of your
Academy. It was born only about ten months later. I be-
lieve the Academy of St. Louis is the senior institution of its
class in the interior of this country, and so I suppose it is safe
for us to claim that the Academy of Chicago is second on the
list. It is a good deal for a Chicago man to admit that we
are second in anything, but as a scientific man I am compelled
to bow to the facts.
The Academy of Chicago remembers with peculiar pleasure
and gratitude the sympathy and assistance of this Academy
after our great fire. You not only furnished us a new set of
the proceedings of this Academy, but generously resupplied
us with valuable material which had been lost, and rendered
such additional aid as was in your power.
The history of these two institutions represents typically
the successive phases through which the Academies of the in-
terior have been passing, and their present conditions and
lines of effort perhaps foreshadow the history of these and
like Academies in the immediate future. As your Chairman
Iviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
has suggested that I talk upon the meaning of an Academy
of Science, I cannot perhaps do better than to make the his-
tory of western Academies a point of departure, because the
meaning of these Academies is expressed in their history.
The Academy of St. Louis and the younger western Acad-
emies were started under the stimulus of the newness and at-
tractiveness of the rich and virgin field in which the early
enthusiasts found themselves situated. This field was just
beginning to be appreciated and enjoyed at that time. And
so it was rather the enthusiasm of those who were inspired by
these sciences, than any mastery of the field, or any great
attainments in it, that promoted the organization of these
Academies. There were a few men like Dr. Engelmann who
had already attained noble things in the mastery of certain
departments of natural science, but these were rare and con-
spicuous exceptions. The great mass of those who assisted in
forming these Academies were rather enthusiasts in learning
something about the new realm than profound students in it.
They were perhaps prompted rather by laudable curiosity and
personal wish for knowledge than by a firm and set purpose
to develop rigorous science as such.
But that stage soon passed away, and most of these Acad-
emies began to experience the untoward effects of the waning
of these first enthusiasms. There followed a necessary shift-
ing of effort from enthusiasm to the harder more systematic
work of true science. This was accompanied by the evolution
of the specialist, and attended by the less popular character-
istics of specialism. The Academy in this later aspect
necessarily ceased to offer that general attractiveness to the
community which it did in the days of its pioneer work, and
difficulties of maintenance arose from this. A solution of a part
of these difliculties has already been suggested by our Toast-
Master. He advises that the less popular studies be com-
mitted directly to print without reading in open session where
few could appreciate them. In the printed form, they may
be studied by the fire-side with care and leisure. As a friend
said to me to-day, you can then turn back and review what
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. lix
has been said at pleasure, and can mull on the subject until
its meaning is fully mastered.
While this necessary transition from the earlier to the later
phase has been taking place, some of our Academies have not
been free from a struggle for existence. It has been difficult
to find an appropriate popular substitute for the early papers
of general interest. The solution which has been attempted
by the Academy which I have the honor to represent, centers
in the frank adoption of systematic methods for public in-
struction in the sciences represented by the Academy. This
has been carried out quite apart from the presentation of the
new results of research. During each of the last few j'ears a
series of lectures has been arranged, given by the best men
that could be procured, on subjects with which they were
especially familiar. These lectures have been attended with
growing numbers and by interest and enthusiasm until the
hall is crowded on each occasion, unless there are excep-
tional circumstances to prevent. The Academy has attempted
frankly and directly the work of popular education in science.
Its members less frequently than formerly gather to listen to
the special results of scientific research. These are published
and put before the scientific public directly in printed form
without passing through the older process of reading and
verbal discussion. In some measure this is the outgrowth of
special local conditions.
I think there is a clear hint of the true function of an
Academy in the historical fact that the first meeting of the
Academy of St. Louis was held in the hall of the Board of
Public Schools. This suggests the chief feature in the true
relationship of an Academy of Science to the community ; it
is one of the many educational appointments which are neces-
sary to the ideal evolution of an intellectual people. It per-
forms a peculiar function in bringing together those who are
engaged with science professionally, with those who are inter-
ested in it as amateurs, and with those who simply desire to
learn. By thus bringing together these different elements a
community of interest and intelligence is gradually developed.
Our friends of the mining profession tell us the coming to-
Ix Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
gether of currents of different kinds often gives rise to the
concentration of metallic values. I think something like this
is true in the scientific world. The Academy is a means by
which interests of diverse kinds arising from varied sources,
can be brought together, and through intermingling, develop
intellectual values that might otherwise be lost. In the theory
of ore deposits, the current which brings in no metallic con-
tent, is perhaps as essential as the one that is burdened with
riches, and in like manner a membership that seeks knowl-
edge may be as important to the welfare of an Academy as
one which has knowledge to give.
Our President has referred to the hope of long life for the
Academy. This hope might well have taken the form of an
expression of confidence that an Academy, or the lineal
descendant of an Academy in such form as the needs of the
future may require, is to be a perpetual institution — per-
petual at least, so long as man shall be progressive. I do
not think we fully realize the importance of the work
done by an institution of this kind as a source of intel-
lectual evolution. I feel that as a race, we are just be-
ginning to learn how to think; that we are in the very
earliest stages of intellectual development of the higher order.
The sounder modes of thought are, in my judgment, just
coming into general use. They are being introduced more
largely through the natural and physical sciences than
through other lines of intellectual endeavor, because in deal-
ing with the tangible things of these sciences, we are forced
to recognize the rigor of facts, the complexity of phenomena,
and the necessity for distinguishing that which is important
from that which is trivial. These are the essential factors of
common sense. In many of the older academic studies, the
trivial rather than the important has been emphasized. It
has been the nice shadings that are subtle, rather than the
weighty things that are basal, that have claimed attention.
The dative case has occupied more thought than the indis-
pensible cases. It is the discrimination of the fundamental
things, it is the laying of weight on the really important
things that must become dominant in our intellectual pro-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixi
ceedings before our race becomes, in the higher sense, a race
of sound thinkers. The little things must be reckoned as
little things, if we would measure intellectual values aright.
Those quantitative and composite studies that modern science
has taught us, have perhaps done more to point the way to
the essence of the best thinking than any other element in
our education. I believe that ultimately every one of the
subjects of thought must come under the dominion of the
methods now best represented in the pursuit of the physical
sciences. I believe that our sociological questions, our ethical
questions, all our humanistic problems must be solved by
inquiries pursued along these more rigorous and more
cautious lines. To illustrate, I think that the time must
come when the operation of our laws will be as care-
fully studied, as accurately recorded, and as scrupulous-
ly followed out from beginning to end, as are the
experiments of the agricultural farm and of the biologi-
cal or physical laboratory to-day. When a people shall
agree to try an experiment in legislation, as an experiment,
and record the results of that experiment with the utmost
scrupulousness, and with untiring persistence and accuracy,
and shall be guided by the results in a true scientific spirit,
then we will be in the line of really higher legislation, and not
until then. So, likewise, I believe that our ethics, which are
the subject of so much solicitude to-day, are to be^worked out
on the line of a careful, conscientious study of the whole course
of the prolonged administration of the world . You may spell it
Administration, as I would choose, or you may give it the form
of a common noun, but this will not affect the vital fact that
the secret of true ethics is to be found in a study of the actual
administration of the world as self -recorded in its own on-
goings. Ethical inductions are to be drawn from the great
chain of history which has led up to the present time. Our
duty to the race, and to all creation will be fulfilled chiefly by
the measure of influence we exert on the great chain of events
that is yet to follow. As a geologist, I forecast no short
period for the unfinished history of the earth. I fondly hope,
with no small measure of belief, that the period which remains
Ixii Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Loxiis.
to man, or man's higher successor, will be comparable to the
great period since organic beings began to live on earth ; that
the period of intellectual development will compare in its vast-
ness with the periods of physical and of biological evolution
that have preceded it . If I were to forecast a future for this
Academy, it would be along the lines of these suggestions.
The specific work which this Academy will do may indeed be
lost in the great mass of concurrent influences, so far as
casual observation may go; but it will not be lost in reality.
It will be merged into a complex of influences of almost
infinite magnitude.
So I think it is not a little thing that is being done here,
because, although the Academic influence to-day may be
limited, the perpetuity of its effect in the ages to come, is
immeasurable. While therefore I congratulate you heartily
upon the successful completion of half a century, I predict for
you with confidence, not merely a million of years, but mill-
ions of years of future influence.
The Toastmastek: — '
Before calling on the next speaker, I desire to read a letter
which will serve, perhaps, to bring us a little nearer to the
men whose memories we honor to-night. This letter I re-
ceived onlj^ a few hours ago, from Mrs. Susan F. Stevens,
who was invited to be present on this occasion. Her de-
ceased husband was one of the founders of the Academy.
I very much regret tha^. I cannot be with you at the semi-centennial of
the Academy's origin. I fear the excitement would be too much for me.
I am eighty years old.
I remember well some of the preliminary conferences which were held in
my hojse, which led to the organization of the Academy. The earnest
striving of the few active workers to surround themselves with supporters
and eiicouragers in their efforts to d') something for the world in the lines
of scieuliflc research. I wish you long life with extended usefulness.
The Toastmaster ; —
The next speaker whom I will introduce represents a dif-
ferent phase of scientific work from those who have preceded
him. He is the delegate of the American Chemical Society.
I call upon Dr. J. H. Long, of Chicago.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixiii
Dr. Long : —
Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen : — Some twenty
years after the founding of this Academy, the American
Chemical Society was organized ; after some years of uncer-
tain work and struggle it finally began to grow and has now
reached a membership of nearly three thousand. On behalf
of the President and Council of the Chemical Society I bring
you greeting, and cordial wishes for your future.
The chairman of your Committee has asked me to say a
few words on the trend of chemical development in the last
fifty years, on the direction in which advance in this science
has been the most marked. A brief discussion of the topic
is not a simple matter. Fifty years in the life of a science
may mean much or little; in bacteriology, modern physiology
and pathology it means everything, but in physics, mathe-
matics and astronomy it counts for far less. To state the
importance of the last fifty years in the history of chemistry
is not as easy, and I shall not attempt to say anything of the
marvelous growth of chemical technology.
If we look over some of our books on the history of chem-
istry, — the famous work of Kopp, dating from 1843, for
example, — we are surprised to find that many of the things
which attract our attention now are not even mentioned.
Nothing is said of the spectroscope, nothing of ferments as
we now know them, nothing of the coal tar dyes, and of our
modern equations and reactions there is little that is familiar.
If we examine another famous book, the chemistry of
Gmelin, the fourth revision of which appeared after 1840,
we encounter a nomenclature which is strange to us, and
which is hard to read without a glossary. In considering
what chemistry has done in the half century we must remem-
ber that fifty years ago our modern method of writing form-
ulas was not generally recognized, and in the simplest
expressions there was much confusion. Water, for example,
was represented by at least four different formulas by as
many schools of chemists, and this in spite of the fact that
at a much earlier period Avogadro and Dulong and Petit had
pointed out the criteria by which the atomic and molecular
Ixiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
weights may be fixed. It remained for Cannizzaro, in 1857,
to call attention to these almost forgotten facts and insist on
their fundamental importance. Such dates must be kept
in mind to appreciate what has been accomplished in fifty
years.
In studying the growth of chemistry we easily recognize
two o-eneral lines of progress. In the one case we have the
question of form, of constitution, of what things are; in the
other, of action, of what things do, of function, in other
terms. In looking first at the questions' of constitution it is
at once apparent that our greatestfinterest seems to be extend-
ino" in two directions, and we are not obliged to go back fifty
years to trace the beginning of our efforts. To be sure
there is always the routine work of making inorganic and
oro-anic compounds and much of this has great value ; the
journals are full of this, but I have in mind two lines of
endeavor of far greater interest, and perhaps of greater
scientific importance. In the one direction investigation is
concerned with the most minute of material particles out of
which, possibly, the larger atoms have grown. Chemists and
physicists have long cherished the idea of an ultimate cor-
puscle or protyle atom, but only within the last few years
have the discus.sions taken any tangible shape. The stud}^ of
radio-activity and the discovery of radium mean much for the
foundations of chemical theory and may lead to the re-writing
of several chapters which we had almost come to look upon
as forever fixed. It is doubtless too early to properly recog-
nize the full scientific weight of these recent discoveries.
I must say something now about work in the other field of
study, regarding the nature or constitution of matter. While
one set of investigators has been busy with the minutest of
chemical particles, other workers have been making most re-
markable advances in the opposite direction. In the early
days of the study of organic chemistry the Dutch chemist
Mulder thought he had reached the empiric constitution of
the nucleus group in the protein molecule. Formulas were
even given for certain proteins. Liebig and others were soon
able to show, however, that the}protein molecule is immensely
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixv
larger than Mulder assumed and the idea became in time
pretty well established that these bodies are, in fact, so com-
plex as to be beyond our power of reconstruction or analysis.
However, this general view did not shut out all investiga-
tion as to the real constitution of the albumins, and in the
last twenty years a mass of evidence has been accumulated
which shows that even the largest of the protein molecules
must be built up by the combination of a number of compar-
atively simple complexes, among which certain amino acids
are the most important. With this much gained the next
step was to attempt to unite these groups by synthetic reac-
tions, one by one, and thus build up the great protein bodies
of high molecular weight. The idea was a daring one and its
practical realization seemed for a time hopeless. However,
the problem was at last successfully attacked by two German
chemists, Fischer and Curtius, working independently and a
remarkable result has been reached. These men have devel
oped methods by which the constituent groups may be grad-
ually linked together and already they have secured synthetic
products of relatively great molecular weight, possessing
many of the protein properties. The series of bodies made
by Fischer are known as polypeptides, and the whole achieve-
ment must be looked upon as of the highest scientific import-
ance. The proteins have long been regarded as the most
complex of organic structures and the successful solution of
this problem, which now appears in sight, will go far toward
clearing out the " Rumpelkammer " of organic chemistry,
which fifty years ago was the most crowded chamber of our
chemical edifice.
In the study of chemical function, the second main direc-
tion in which progress has been made, the advances have
been even more remarkable. The change has been so marked
here as to^constitute almost the birth of a new science. We
need not go back fifty years to reach a time when chemistry
was spoken of as " a science of the second rank," by our col-
leagues in physics, mathematics and astronomy. The older
chemistry knew little of mathematics ; but that condition is
passed. As early as 1803, to be sure, Berthollet in his famous
Ixvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louts.
Essai de statique chimique suggested a mathematical ground-
work for our doctrines of chemical action, but his effort was in a
sense premature . It remained for the Norwegians Guldberg and
Waage to follow up the idea, which they did in a treatise pub-
lished in 1867 with the title " Etudes sur les affinites chimi-
ques," in which problems of mass action and affinity are
handled systematically and in simple mathematical treatment.
Since that notable beginning many similar investigations have
been published and the journals teem with discussions on the
conditions of chemical equilibrium. Somewhat later than the
labors of Guldberg and Waage came the epoch-marking papers
of Gibbs and then the work of van't Hoff in which equili-
brium problems are more rigidly handled and in which the
many other applications of thermodynamics to chemical ques-
tions are pointed out. It may no longer be said that chemis-
try is '* a science of the second rank."
These advances are but a chapter in the new physical
chemistry, which includes much besides. The theory of the
independent action of the ions, the relation of this to ques-
tions of osmotic pressure, diffusion and electrical conductivity,
the relations of organic structure to optical activity and many
other chapters which might be mentioned, had I more time,
are all developments of the last fifty years. A word must be
said of the bearing of these discoveries in pure chemistry on
the new physiological or bio-chemistry, in the broad sense.
Where formerly we were obliged in the study of the animal
or vegetable cell to confine ourselves to questions of form we
now look to function as the thing of greatest importance. It
is not so much what the cell is, as what the cell does, and how
it does it, which claims our attention, and in the search for
light in this hidden field it is the new physical chemistry which
promises the greatest aid. Problems of fermentation and
enzymic activity are problems of chemical change and doubt-
less must find their solution by the same aids which have
been so helpful in other directions. The last fifty years have
witnessed practically the whole development of the doctrine
of cell ferments ; when we come together fifty years from
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixvu
now to celebrate the 100th anniversary in the history of this
Academy a much more brilliant story may be told.
The Toastmaster:
The Secretary of the Committee having these ceremonies
in charge has made a list of thirty-one organizations which
are represented here by twenty-six delegates, and they have
been arranged in alphabetical order. We would like to hear
from every one of the delegates present, but as we may not
have time for this I shall not closely follow the list, but shall
call upon those who have come from a distance or who repre-
sent foreign or national societies, before asking to hear from
our home institutions.
I find that the American Physical Society is represented by
F. E. Nipher. I am requested by that gentleman to say that
it is the wish of the President of that Society that he present
to you the greetings and good wishes of that body, and to
wish for the Academy a long-continued life of usefulness.
I am going to pass one or two on the alphabetical list for
the present, hoping to return to them later in the evening. I
will now call on a gentleman who comes to us from Canada,
representing the Entomological Society of Ontario, — Profes-
sor William Lochhead.
Professor Lochhead: —
I am here to bring to you the congratulations of the Ontario
Entomolgical Society on the good work you have done ; and
especially on the celebration of your fiftieth anniversary. I
can hardly tell you at this late hour how much we are in-
debted to your Society, and to individual members of your
Society. As an Entomological Society, we are a few years
younger than your Academy. We originated in '63, so we
are in our forty-third year. We are coming close in behind
you. Our early members were for many yeavs in close touch
with one of your early members, C. V. Riley, who gave us
valuable assistance ; and many of our members are greatly
indebted to him. I did not have the pleasure of knowing him
myself, but our oldest members — I may say that three of our
Ixviii Trans. Acad. Sei. of St. Louis.
original charter members are still living, but were unfortun-
ately unable to be present this evening, — knew him quite
intimately.
Allow me to tell you something about our Entomological
Society. It has published thirty-six Annual Eeports, each
containing much valuable information for the fruit grower,
farmer and gardener. These reports are distributed widely
over Canada and have done much to popularize the study of
insects. The Society has also published the Canadian Ento-
mologist for thirty-eight years, twelve numbers each year
without a break. This magazine, under the editorship of Dr.
Bethune, occupies a high place among the entomological jour-
nals of the world, on account of the uniformly important
character of the articles published therein.
It has been stated here to-night how much thisAcademy has
done to advance Science and how much the world is indebted
to the progress of Science during the last fifty years. The
Canadians, at any rate, look with envy at the great progress
the United States have made during the last one hundred
years; we fully realize that the 19th century was the century
of expansion of the United States. However, we Canadians
are beginning to look with pride on our country, for we have
a grand heritage on our side of the line. (It is not all snow
up there, and this year there has been very little; sometimes
we have a good deal, but this is not always the case.) We
are inclined to believe that the 20th century is to be the cen-
tury of the expansion of Canada. We expect a great many
of you over to see us ; a great many of you are coming over,
and we hope more of you will come, for we like you. We
have been coming over to j^ou for many years for inspiration
and for help, but we will requite it now, and ask you to come
over and get what you can from us. There are great possi-
bilities for Canada. It used to be called the land of snow,
stunted pine and poplar, but the last few years' explorations
have shown that the northern belt of human civilization can
be extended much further north than we supposed. The
great wheat fields of the Northwest were considered,
until a few years ago, wholly unfit for wheat growing. More-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixix
over, our Northern Ontario, the great region south of Hud-
son's Bay, which was not long ago considered a wilderness,
is probably one of the richest regions in Canada ; and with
the exploration of that country, and the building of railways
through that country, great developments have taken place
iti the mining, agricultural and lumber industries.
We look forward with confidence to great achievements in
the near future, and we know that science will aid us in these
achievements. We ask that you will come over and see the
progress for yourselves. I have very great pleasure indeed
in congratulating you upon the good work you have done.
The Toastmaster: —
One of the things named in the charter of the Academy of
Science is the establishment of a museum in the city of St.
Louis. There was a museum here at one time, but it was
destroyed by fire. We are beginning to establish another,
now that we have a home. I think perhaps we are not yet
fully acquainted with the way in which that should be done.
I am sure that you would all be glad to hear how they do it
in Chicago. We have with us this evening a gentleman
renresenting the Field Columbian Museum; Dr. Oliver C.
Farrington.
Dr. Farrington: —
Ladies and Gentlemen : — I desire first to express my per-
sonal gratitude to the founders of this Academy ; for had
they not met fifty years ago and founded this Academy, I
should not have had the great pleasure which I have enjoyed
this evening. I am reminded of an Oxford student who left
the University with a number of bills unpaid and some time
afterward went up to help celebrate the sexcentenary of the
institution. Being immediately besieged by his creditors he
replied, " Gentlemen, do you suppose I come up here every
six hundred years to be dunned? " The circumstances to-
night being somewhat different, I can say that I do hope to
come here every fifty years to dine with you.
It is a great pleasure and privilege for me to bring to you
Ixx Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Lords.
on this occasiou the greetings and congratulations of an In-
stitution which is somewhat younger than your own, but which
I trust is no less earnest in its purpose and high in its ideals.
The motto of Missouri in the vulgar world outside being sup-
posed to be " You will have to show me," it seems quite
fitting that the leading city of the State should have founded
among its earliest institutions one for the discovery and
demonstration of truth, and also fitting that a city whose
motto is " I will" should somewhat supersede the older city
in the establishment of a great Museum. We are very glad
to join with you in honoring the men who in earlier years
founded this Academy, for they are names of men like Shu-
mard. Swallow, and Broadhead, who have done work that
will last, and the importance of whose work even yet we
probably do not fully appreciate. But I was asked on this
occasion to say a word regarding the Museum and the Public.
In recalling an experience of fifteen years in acting as
mediator between the Museum and the Public, numerous in-
cidents have shown me that the Public does not alwaj^s under-
stand what the Museum is trying to do. For instance, I
remember a gentleman who after wandering disconsolately
about the Museum for the space of half an hour, approached
one of the guards and said in a despairing tone, " When
does the performance commence? " I also remember a six-
year old bo}^ who came with his sister to the hall of ancient
skeletons and was so frightened by their appearance that he
did not dare to go farther until his sister, telling him to shut
his eyes and hold her hand, assured him that she wouldn't
let the exhibits hurt him. I remember also a teacher who,
having been informed that she could gain great benefit by
visiting the Museum with her classes, came to the Museum
so accompanied and told afterward with great disgust that
*' they went to the Museum and there they were."
Mr. Dooley says: " You can lead a man up to the Univer-
sity, but you can't make him think." I think that is hardly
to be said of the Museum. My experience is that some stray
sparks of thought can hardly help being aroused in any one
who passes through the halls of a great Museum, well-ordered
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxi
and well-arranged. The Chicago public school-teachers tell
me that Museum study notably increases the seriousness and
earnestness of their pupils, and what is more important per-
haps, after Museum study the pupils draw less fiction from
the Library and more works of natural history. In other
words, the Museum is the foe of the yellow-backed novel.
Sociologists tell us that a large amount of the evil of society
comes from a lack of broad outlook and of suitable occupa-
tion to fill up idle time. May we not believe that we have
in the Museum a means of overcoming evils of this character?
There no longer exists, I think, the idea that the Museum
is a place where a specialist can ensconce himself and study
his favorite bug to the exclusion of all else ; for efforts are
being made that the Museum shall become of all possible in-
terest to all classes of people. Sometimes, it is true, such
efforts are carried a little too far, as was shown when an
edict was passed by the British Museum that all scientific
names should be translated, but which was rescinded when it
was found that such names as Pygopterus Humboldti became
Humboldt's hind wing and that other similiar absurdities
were produced. Such things show us that a Museum cannot
descend too far from a dignified position, but it is also true
that the public is learning not to be repelled by such an atti-
tude, and to believe in, look up to and search out the
Museum. Instruction is, however, but one function of a
Museum. Another great function is that of preservation of
things that are passing. This is a function whose fulfill-
ment will be appreciated more in coming generations than in
our own. Had it been appreciated earlier, we would not have
had to go, as we must to-day, to London in order to see a
sreat mastodon which was dug up forty miles from St. Louis ;
or to Vienna to see a wonderful meteorite which fell a few
years ago in Arkansas. We used to think that we ought to
feel proud that London and Vienna were willing to exhibit
our curiosities, but I am happy to say we are getting over
that feeling. We have learned that there is no place like
home, and that the more we respect and esteem our owninstitu-
Ixxii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
tions the higher will be the estimate which foreign institutions
will place upon us.
All these things lead me to believe that the Public Museum
has come to stay, and that the time has come when, to adapt
a phrase of Lincoln's, not only Governments, but Museums,
" of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not
perish from the earth."
The Toastmaster: —
We have also another visitor from another State ; Dr. L. H.
Pammel, who represents the Iowa Academy of Science.
Professor Pabimel : —
Mr. Toastmaster: — The Iowa Academy of Science brings
o-reetings to its sister Academy on the occasion of her fiftieth
anniversary. The St. Louis Academy is the oldest Academy
of Science in the Mississippi Valley. I believe it is not boast-
ful when the statement is made that from the view point of
achievements it has accomplished as much as any similar body
in the United States. St. Louis owes much to the Academy.
For more than a quarter of a century it was the guiding spirit
of scientific thought in this vast empire tributary to St.
Louis. The world at large learned of the scientific activities
through its proceedings and more and more we have come to
look for the announcement of valuable discoveries in its
pages. The Iowa Academy more and more feels the obliga-
tion it owes to the Academy of St. Louis in starting centers
of scientific research.
In our own State we have the Davenport Academy, which
has a scope similar to 3/our organization. At first sight it
may seem to many that in a State like Iowa there is not room
for two organizations. The Davenport Academy has also
had a long and honorable career. The work of the Iowa
Academy has been largely local in its character, and properly
so. The funds for the publication of its proceedings are
borne by the State. Its citizens have therefore a right to ask
that we confine our work largely to local problems.
Scattered over the State are many small colleges, and in
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxiii
each more or less scientific work is done, much of it of good
quality. The proceedings open an avenue for publication.
It seems to me it is far better to publish in such proceedings
than to have separate publications from each institution.
I have not the time, nor would you have the patience to
listen to a resume of what the Iowa Academy has done for
science in the State, but I may say truthfully that its pro-
ceedings compare very favorably with those published by
other States. The topics cover a wide range of the sciences
of geology, zoology, botany, physics and chemistry. Its
best work has, however, been done in promoting a good fel-
lowship among the scientific workers of the State, and in pro-
moting the geological and natural history survey of the State,
helping along the cause of pure food legislation, and assisting
in the cause of national and local forest legislation, also in
stimulating a healthy growth of science teaching in our public
schools. We hope, too, that it may be our pleasure to cele-
brate our fifty year existence in the future, and that we shall
have accomplished as much as the St. Louis Academy.
It is our wish also that the St. Louis Academy may con-
tinue to cover the whole range of sciences, and that for the
publication of scientific achievements it may reach out as it
has in the past, for good papers in all parts of the United
States. That is its sphere. It is our hope and wish that
some liberal citizen of St. Louis will help the good cause
along.
The St. Louis Academy needs an endowment as large as
that of the Davenport Academy and larger, to carry on its
good work. St. Louis is large enough and rich enough to
make an endowment of a million dollars at once to further the
interests of the Academy and place it forever on a permanent
basis. This is important also because the Academy bears a
definite relation to the scientific work of St. Louis and espe-
cially the Missouri Botanical Garden.
The Toastmaster : —
We have a representative of the Philosophical Society of
Washington, and the National Geographic Society, WJ McGee.
Ixxiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Dr. McGee : —
Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen : — It is my dis-
tinguished honor to represent the Alpha and Omega of Wash-
ington science ; for the Philosophical Society of Washington
is the eldest and the National Geographic Society is among
the youngest of the scientific organizations of the national
capital.
Two among the great achievements of Joseph Henry stand
out prominently in the history of organized science ; the first
was the founding of the Smithsonian Institution on a plan so
lofty yet so definite that its career has been maintained,
despite administrative rocks and shoals, in a manner bringing
honor and credit to science throughout the globe ; the second
was the founding of the Philosophical Society of Washing-
ton— a contemporary of St. Louis Academy of Science —
as the first clearinghouse of Science in the national capital :
an organization so wisely planned and so well adjusted to con-
ditions that it has not merely survived but has enlarged
knowledge and enriched science by engendering an entire
family of scientific organizations — for the Biological Society
of Washington, the Anthropological Society of Washington,
the Entomological Society of Washington, the Geological
Society of Washington, and the Washington Academy of
Sciences are direct offspring, and the National Geographic
Society, the Columbia Historical Society, and several other
organizations are indirect progeny of Joseph Henry's Philo-
sophical Society. By its own effective work and through its
offspring this parent organization of Washington science has
contributed its quota to the spirit and standards of science
throughout the country and the world ; and it is with special
pleasure that I bring you the greetings of the Philosophical
Society.
The National Geographic Society, like its precursor, was
largely the foundation of a man of note — Gardiner Greene
Hubbard, a promoter of education and a friend of science,
the most eminent citizen of his time in the national capital;
it was designed to diffuse rather than to increase knowledge,
according to a plan which enlisted the sympathy and co-opera-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxv
tiou of leading scientists ; its methods and purposes were so
wisely adjusted to the needs of the capital and the country
that it has become the largest geographic society in the world
and one of the most effective scientific-educational organiza-
tions of the United States. Its active membership extends
into every State in the Union and every civilized land ; and I
feel a peculiar pleasure in conveying to the St. Louis Academy
of Science greetings on behalf of the ten thousand members
of our cosmoplitan National Geographic Society.
At every stage of their growth the scientific organizations
of Washington have both profited by the centralizing influ-
ence attending their position in the national capital and
reflected this influence to all parts of the country; so that all
of the societies situate on the north bank of the Potomac are
measurably national in character and have helped promote the
development of wholly national organizations. Among these
there is one which I may venture informally to represent as
chief founder and first president — i.e., the American Anthro-
pological Association ; for on behalf of the science for which
this Association stands I may speak with confidence concern-
ing the career of Saint Louis Academy of Science, and may
previse a future for the Academy even brighter than its
notable past. It is the business of the anthropologist to
watch the drift of things human, to note the progress of men
and institutions ; and I may summarize and integrate the ex-
pressions of preceding speakers who have pointed out the
enormous progress made in the different branches of science
during the last half -century by saying that within the fifty
years of its existence Saint Louis Academy of Science has
witnessed a full half of the growth of that consciously organ-
ized knowledge known as Science. Perhaps this estimate
might seem excessive to exponents of those branches of
knowledge less intimately connected with the daily and yearly
progress of mankind, the daily and hourly extension of con-
quest over Nature ; but the vista of Anthropology is broad
and clear — Anthropology, in truth, is the Science of Science-
makers — and full of promise ; for in the light of human facts
and faculties it is clear that the law of Progress is cumulative.
Ixxvi Trans. Acad. Sci. qf St. Louis.
geometric rather than arithmetic, kinetic rather than dynamic.
Probably the last century saw the doubling of the entire sum
of human knowledge ; Saint Louis Academy has seen in its
half -century the doubling of the sum of consciously organized
knowledge as it proceeds year by year at an ever increasing rate
of advance ; and it cannot be questioned that both the advance
and the rate of advance will continue cumulatively in such
fashion that the next quarter or third of a century will see
the sum of science doubled again — and that the next fifth of
a century will witness another doubling.
How will the Saint Louis Academy of Science keep pace
with this progress? Its fifty years of history answer: it will
stand in the van. Probably it will progress along lines of
extension no less than along the intensive lines to which it has
chiefly held ; it may work indirectly by fostering off-spring
after the fashion of the Philosophical Society of Washington,
or it may combine increase and diffusion within and from
itself; in either case its influence must grow and it must enter
into the solidarity of intelle .tual life in our interior metropolis :
contemporary institutions may plant knowledge, it will water;
other organizations may gather crude ore of science, it will
smelt and fine and alloy and mint — and the standard coin
will circulate afar. Already its influence is strongly felt, as
has been that of like institutions before; a germ springing in
the Centennial Exposition was fertilized by the influence of
Joseph Henry's foundations, and the National Museum took
shape in the national capital ; an ovum in the Columbian Ex-
position was fructified by the spirit of Chicago Academy of
Science, and the Field Museum was begotten; a nucleus was
gathered in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and vivified by
the vitality of Saint Louis Academy, and our Public Museuai
was conceived — to the future benefit of our city and state.
Hardly half a century ago Huxley declared " Prophecy is
not yet exact science;" yet such has been the advance in
both knowledge and method that we may now hold : Pre-
vision on a given plane is the function of Science. So, while
none may point out the precise lines along which Saint Louis
Academy will grow and make its influence felt — since these
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxvii
lines may fall on new planes of activity — I may, as a rep-
resentative of institutions of both the intensive and the ex-
tensive sort, and also as an anthropologist, previse for the
institution we delight to honor to-day a future even more
glorious than its past.
The Toastmaster: —
I take pleasure in calling upon the representative of the
Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, Dr. E. E.
Buckley.
Dr. Buckley : —
Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen : — I assure you
that it gives me very great pleasure to extend to you the
congratulations of the first scientific society of which I be-
came a member. I appreciate that more thoroughly because
you have with you to-night two of the gentlemen who have
done perhaps more for the success of that organization than
anv other members with whom I am acquainted, — Professor
T. C. Chamberlin, of the University of Chicago, and Dr. E. A.
Birge, of the University of Wisconsin. I am not in a posi-
tion to give you the history of the Wisconsin Academy of
Sciences, Arts and Letters, and I feel as I look about this
room that possibly you are all very glad I am not going to
extend to you that courtesy. I can assure you, however, that
my association with the scientific work of the Wisconsin
Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, has done more to
bring about in my mind a thorough understanding of the re-
lations between the different branches of science than per-
haps any other society with which I have been connected.
I came here to-night not only representing the Wisconsin
Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, but also to extend to
you the greetings of the Missouri Bureau of Geology and
Mines, of which I have the pleasure of being the Director. I
am a resident of the State of Missouri, and I am very proud
of the fact that the St. Louis Academy had among its found-
ers two of the foremost geologists whom the State of Mis-
souri has ever had, and two men who probably left a greater
Ixxviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
impress upon the studies in geology than any other men who
have been within the confines of this State. I refer, of
course, to Dr. G. C. Swallow and Dr. B. F. Shumard. I
think I can say confidently and with authority that one who
travels over the State of Missouri to-day cannot but have the
hit^hest reo-ard for the work which these men did in the early
days. It is complete and accurate; their observations were
ffood, and their conclusions vv^ere excellent; and I think
that we owe a very great debt of gratitude, not only to these
gentlemen personally, but to the St. Louis Academy, from
which they undoubtedly derived a very great stimulus in their
work.
On behalf of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts
and Letters, and of the Missouri Bureau of Geology and
Mines, I extend to you most cordial greetings. I thank you
for the privilege of making this short address at the banquet
which commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the founding
of your society.
The Toastmaster : —
One of our own members represents the International
Association of Botanists and the Botanical Society of Amer-
ica,— Dr. Hermann von Schrenk.
Dr. von Schrenk: —
It gives me a great deal of pleasure to present to you on
this anniversary occasion the very best wishes and heartiest
greetings of the Association Internationale des Botanistes,
and the Botanical Society of America. Both of these organ-
izations, when compared with the St. Louis Academy of
Science, are young in years, but the expressions of felicitation
which they bring to you are none the less cordial.
There are many thoughts which I would like to express in
the name of the botanists, but there is one in particular which
I wish to say a few words about. I have oftentimes thought
that organizations of specialists, such as the ones which I
have the honor to represent this evening, owe a debt of grat-
itude to the organizers of societies such as the St. Louis
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxix
Academy of Science. At the time when the St. Louis
Academy was founded, as was indicated by a previous speaker,
the study of science as we understand it to-day was compara-
tively a new thing to the general public. It was through the
activity of the men who organized such societies as the Acad-
emy, that the various lines of scientific research were stimu-
lated; it was a result of their encouragement, and along the
lines laid out by them, that scientitic thought developed to
the high plane which we find it in to-day. We owe much to
the early encouragement of the busy men of affairs who
yet found time to get together for the promotion of science ;
such men, for instance as the one whom we are all proud to
acknowledge as botanists, the first President of this Society,
Dr. Engelmann, who, although a busy physician, yet found
time and energy to investigate, not one but many branches of
the science of botany. The impetus which these men gave
to the development of science in its various branches should
be thought of, it seems to me, by us, at the present moment.
Out of those early efforts of theirs has grown a widespread
interest in natural phenomena, represented to-day by groups
of specialists in the various fields of science.
There are more things which I would like to dwell upon but
at this late hour I feel that by expressing in a most hearty
manner the felicitations of the two botanical societies, my
purpose will have been fulfilled.
The Toastmaster : —
We have representation from the National Academy of
Sciences, the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia,
which is the oldest society in this country, the Boston Society
of Natural History, the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, the International Academy of Botanical Geography,
the Society of Physical and Natural Science of Bordeaux,
France, and the Missouri Botanical Garden. All these are to
be represented by Dr. William Trelease.
Mr. Trelease : —
Mr. President, Mr. Toastmaster, Ladies and Gentlemen : —
The National Academy of Sciences and the American Philo-
Ixxx Trails. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
sophical Society have asked me, as a resident member, to
represent them at this semi-centennial gathering of the Acad-
emy of Science of St. Louis. I have, therefore, the honor
and pleasure, on behalf of these organizations, which stand
for what is noblest and best in American science, of heartily
congratulating The Academy of Science of St. Louis (the first
President of which was a member of both these bodies) on
the completion of its first half century ; on the high ideals
that it has always upheld; and on the solid additions that
have been made to knowledge by its members, a number of
whom have ranked among the foremost men of science of our
land. I am also desired to express to the Academy our hope
that the coming years may be even more prosperous with it
than the period now closed ; and our full confidence that, if
its ideals be maintained and its scientific activity continue un-
abated, those who, technically and commercially, owe much to
science and are able to do so, will come more and more to its
material succor, and that its usefulness will increase in in-
creasing ratio with the passage of the years.
As a corresponding member of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences and of the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory, I have been asked to tender similar congratulations, ex-
pressions of esteem and of appreciation of what the Academy
has already accomphshed, and of confidence in its future.
The Societe des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles of Bor-
deaux has honored the Missouri Botanical Garden with a re-
quest to act as its representative this evening, and, by direc-
tion of the President of the Board of Trustees of the Garden,
I am pleased, as its Director, to fulfil this honorable commis-
sion. I am also charged, as a member and past-president of
the Academic Internationale de Geographic Botanique, to
serve it in a similar manner. It gives me much pleasure to
tender the heartiest congratulations and good wishes of these
societies, the corporate home of which is in France.
Finally, on behalf of the Missouri Botanical Garden, I de-
sire to renew all of these expressions of good will, and to say
further that the interest of the Garden in this occasion is a
double one, for the reason that we not only celebrate to-night
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxxi
an important anniversary of the Academy of Science but at
the same time call to memory one of the greatest, most active
and most painstaking of American investigators, George
Engelmann — of whose attainments Dr. Green has so well
spoken in presenting the medal bearing his likeness, to whose
initiative and constant faith in its future the Academy owes
more than I have words to express, and whose wise counsels
contributed very largely to the crystallization of Henry Shaw's
plans in the form which has resulted in provision for the en-
during maintenance in our city of the research institution
which it is my privilege to direct and to represent officially on
this occasion.
The Toastmaster: —
I shall have to beg indulgence for having omitted in its
alphabetical place the Geological and Natural History Survey
of Minnesota, — I call on Dr. Conway MacMillan : —
Professor MacMillan : —
Mr. Toastmaster, Members of the Academy and Guests : —
It certainly gives me great pleasure to express to The St.
Louis Academy of Science the congratulations of the Min-
nesota scientific institutions which I have the honor to
represent.
I thought when this medallion was presented to me and I
observed that it bore the familiar features of Dr. Engelmann,
that it was very expressive of a certain truth which has been
coming to me with greater clearness as the years go by.
After all, in our scientific work, it is personahty that really
counts.
On this occasion I venture to paraphrase the words of
Tennyson: "Better fifty years of science than a cycle of
superstition." What the great poet really meant when he
wrote the famous line was that it is better to have those qual-
ities of the intellect than those other less developed mental
aptitudes which are still so common in all of us.
In this connection, I was particularly interested in the re-
marks made by the delegate from Canada. I had one of the
Ixxxii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
most interesting experiences of my life in Canada. You know
there are some little incidents in life which afterwards turn
out to be very vital. Their effect proves to be peculiarly
searching and important. I think I will relate the incident
which made so profound an impression upon me. One night
in June when a friend and I were camping on the shore of a
lonely lake in Canada, we heard some three miles away, from
a little island, the booming of an Indian drum. I said to my
friend: " Let us see what it is." So we put the canoe into
the water and went across the bay, in the white moonlight,
to the spot where the camp of the Indians was established. We
found some fifteen men of the tribe sitting around a pine tree.
One of them was beating the drum. The others remained in
silence. There were no women in sight. I looked into one
of the tepees and within were the women of the tribe, one
of whom had in her arms a little child, emaciated and dying.
I think its spirit was just leaving the body. They had a
string running from the tepee to the top of the pine tree and
every twelve inches or so along its course was knotted in a
tuft of feathers. It was very plain that they were doing their
best to give the soul of the child a favorable passage to the
happy hunting grounds, and as the spirit climbed the ladder
prepared by love the men were doing their part to keep the
forces of evil from seizing it as it made the journey.
In some way it came to me with great strength that we
are all concerned in the same deep problems of life, and of
late years I have been much more impressed than during my
earlier manhood with the unity of purpose between the most
scientific and the most superstitious. In considering the
place of modern science, I am inclined to take a sympathetic
view of the unscientific.
Sir William Dyer wrote to me a few years ago a sentence
which seemed to me very pregnant with thought and truth.
He said: " Science must not be apart from life; it must be a
part of life." I think the academies of science throughout
the country are fulfilling their destinies when they make
themselves a part of our national life. I -was greatly inter-
ested in what the toastmaster said a moment ago when he
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxxiii
reminded us that " there are also black ants." We certainly
must remember that there are two sides to every question and
while technical erudition is admirable, the great duty of scien-
tific men is after all not to disappear into an impenetrable
cloud of technicalities and verbiage, but to bring themselves
closer and closer to the great pulsing life of the American
people and to develop throughout 'our country the right
good and true thought of science.
As you know, we are very much in the habit in these days
of calculating our advance by things accomplished. People
say: " I can remember when there were no safety matches,"
or " I remember when the first electric lights were put in."
We calculate our advance by the control we exercise over
nature and this is the tendency of the' scientific man as much
as of any other. I believe it was Russell Sage who gave ut-
terance a little while ago to the remark that he " had no time
for the good fellow." In his judgment and from his special
point of view, the good fellow did not save his money, spent
too much of his time in happiness and went through life
without very much high financial seriousness. Yet I believe
that the best way to mark our advance from year to year is
not by the control of nature evidenced in invention and dis-
covery, but by the development of good fellowship in the
highest use of the term. This meeting to-night is a splendid
example of such good fellowship. It would not have been
possible to have such a meeting some years ago. As the
world goes on its progress is better marked by the spirit of
organization than by material scientific benefits. Events of
this sort are among the greatest and best landmarks. Here
we have good fellowship of the right sort. Certainly it is
fellowship ; certainly it is good ; certainly we are delighted to
be here to-night and to sit around this hospitable board of The
St. Louis Academy of Science. I predict a most bright
future for the organization. This is just as much the day of
creation as any day. Everything is moving and developing.
It is a pleasure to us all to live and grow and feel this pulse
of advance beating in us. What we witness is the progress
of our social organization, the advancement of ourselves as
Ixxxiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
persons, and the combination of social and personal develop-
ment, which makes up the civilization of the day. On the
obverse of the medal is the face of a splendid scientific worker.
There is the personal touch. On the reverse is the seal of
the Academy, So organization is symbolized. In the good
fellowship extending from person to organization shall we see
the true bench marks of progress.
The Toastmaster:
The following other organizations have personal representa-
tion here : —
The American Pharmaceutical Association, represented by
Dr. H. M. Whelpley; The Engelmann Botanical Club,
represented by its President, Mr. C. H. Thompson; The
Eiio^ineers' Club of St. Louis, President W. A. Layman;
The Missouri Historical Society, Mr. James A. Eeardon ;
The Naturalists' Club of St. Louis, Mr. Julius Hurter; The
St. Louis Biological Club, President S. M. Coulter; The St.
Louis Chemical Society, President H. A. Hunicke; St. Louis
Public Museum, President J. H. Terry; The State Historical
Society of Missouri, Secretary F. A. Sampson; and Wash-
ington Uuiversit}^ represented by Chancellor W. S. Chaplin
and several members of its Faculty.
[Owin;^ to ttie lateness of the hour, the repre&enlativeei of ihe-ie bodies
were nol called to their feet, but their aiessciges follow] : —
Dr. Whelpley: —
Mr. Chairman : — It affords me particular pleasure to repre-
sent the American Pharmaceutical Association on this occa-
sion, as I had the hor?or of serving as president of that
organization when it celebrated its own semi-centennial.
The A. Ph. A. was organized in 1852 for the purpose of
securing national legislation, regulating the quality of drugs
imported into this country and to further the interests of
pharmaceutical education. As time passed, the association
increased in size and extended its field of work. To-day, it is
the largest and broadest organization of its kind in the world.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxxv
Every reputable person interested in any department or
feature of pharmacy is eligible for membership.
The annual interest on the Ebert Fund is appropriated as a
prize for " an original investigation of a medicinal substance."
The Centennial Fund provides the means " to aid in the
prosecution of original investigations." The by-laws also
provide for several general prizes for meritorious work in the
sciences and arts which are concerned in pharmacy.
Very naturally, chemistry, botany and physiology have
been the departments of science in which the greater propor-
tion of original work has been accomplished by members of
the society. It is along these lines that we find the A. Ph.
A. touching elbows with your esteemed Academy. Its fifty
odd volumes of proceedings, averaging nearl}^ one thousand
pages to the book, constitute a useful record of scientific
progress in an important department of knowledge.
I am instructed by the president of the organization I
represent to convey the hearty greetings of our members. I
take part with zeal in the dominating feature of this semi-
centennial, which so justly pays tribute to the grand old man
whom 3^ou honor as the founder, and to his associates in the
pioneer scientific work of the Mississippi Valley. One of your
veterans to-night is also an ex-president of the A. Ph. A. and
one of its patrons : I refer to your treasurer for the past forty-
five years, Dr. Enno Sander.
Mr. Chairman : — Time passes rapidh^ and when the hand
that winds the years awa}'^ has doubled the age of The St.
Louis Acadeni}' of Science and your successors celebrate the
centennial, may a goodly number of those now active remain
to tell by tongue and pen of your golden jubilee !
Mr. Thompson : —
Mr. Chairman, Members of the Academy of Science: — In
December, 1897, the professional and amateur botanists in
and about St. Louis organized themselves into a society for
mutual aid in collecting and distributing botanical knowledge
and for co-operation in a fuller study of the problems of plant
life in our immediate vicinity. In selecting a name for the
Ixxxvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
society it was but natural that we should honor the same with
the name of the pioneer botanist of the West, Dr. George
Engelmann.
It gives me great pleasure to extend to you the cordial
oreetinss of The Engelmann Botanical Club on this occa-
sion, — your semi-centennial anniversary, and to express its
hearty sympathy in honoring the memory of your first pres-
ident. We wish you a future of increasing prosperity.
Mr. Layman : —
Mr. Chairman, and Gentlemen of the Academy of
Science : — It affords me great pleasure to convey to you the
cordial greetings and congratulations of the Engineers' Club
of St. Louis. That this is an unusual and also ver}' auspi-
cious occasion is amply evidenced by not only the large num-
ber of representative scientists and citizens of St. Louis pres-
ent, but also by the very complimentary attendance of dele-
gates from other and distant scientific organizations. I am
sure this very notable gathering may alone be taken to indi-
cate not only the significance of this occasion, but also the
meritorious standing of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
There are many of your guests from outside the city of
St. Louis whom you no doubt desire to call upon for brief
resDonses, and it is therefore becoming that I should only,
occupy a few moments in responding to your Chairman's in-
vitation. I would be remiss in my duty to the Engineers'
Club of St. Louis if I did not convey to you our warmest
felicitations at this time and on this occasion.
In many ways our organization has been for a long period
of years intimately associated with yours ; many of our valued
members have also the privilege of membership in your body.
We have exchanged with you many courtesies in the way of
co-operation in matters of scientific and engineering interest;
we have the privilege and honor of sharing your present at-
tractive and commodious Club quarters; and your Transactions
constitute an element in our Library records. As a Club,
and as individual members we know, perhaps better than any
of your associate scientific organizations, the meritorious re-
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxxvii
suits of your long period of scientific investigation, and the
high place to which you are entitled in the field of scientific
endeavor.
We may, therefore, with propriety, claim some privilege in
the recognition of your useful career, and may with peculiar
warmth, congratulate you upon the rounding out of the half
century of your record. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen, I
esteem it no small honor to be a delegate to this semi-centen-
nial celebration, and to be able not only to extend the con-
gratulations of the Engineers' Club of St. Louis, upon the
work you have done in the past, but also to extend our inter-
est and co-operation in your future scientific endeavor.
Permit me to express for our Club the hope that your achieve-
ments of the future may reflect even greater credit to your
organization, and justify even in a fuller measure the pur-
poses and ambitions of your founders.
Mr. Reardon : —
Mr. President, Members and Guests of the Academy of
Science: — When, on my way to this board, it occurred to me
that I might be called on to address this distinguished scien-
tific gathering on behalf of the Missouri Historical Society,
my mind reached out for impressions and recollections which
mio-ht enable me to share appropriatel}^ in the mental banquet
which I knew to be in store. The more I reflected the oftener
my mind wandered back to a " school of learning " once
established at Logoda in the land of Laputa, where strange
and curious erudition was reputed to flourish during the times
of long ago. One of the most erudite of the group was, if I
remember rightly, striving to establish a science designed to
abolish words from human ken ; and it struck me that I am
peculiarly unfortunate — and that you are still more un-
happy— in that I never enjoyed the benefit of graduating
from that institution. This scholar, as the story goes, used
to argue that it was extremely advantageous to health and
domestic economy never to speak ; that speech was highly in-
jurious to the lungs and materially shortened life ; and as a
substitute he proposed that since words were merely names
Ixxxviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
for things at the best, it would be infinitely more conven-
ient for people to carry the things around with them to the
end that when called upon to discuss or express themselves
concerning particular matters they could proceed to a prac-
tical and objective demonstration — of the kind, by the way,
which our citizens are of late accustomed to demand. This
notion has grown upon me ; and I am heartily sorry that I did
not think in time to have with me the Missouri Historical
Society to speak for itself, if for no other reason than to con-
vey to you in silent eloquence, more impressive than words of
mine can express, the congratulations and sympathy and re-
joicing of a sister organization in your glorious anniversary.
Be assured, Mr. President, that the Missouri Historical So-
ciety is with you in spirit, sharing your satisfaction over a
splendid history and joining in your ambition for a still
brighter future. Such an organization as the Saint Louis
Academy of Science perfects and presents unsullied memorials
of truth, and imparts to successive generations the spotless
records of real knowledge. It is the function and felicity of
Science to improve, in proportion to its cultivation, the gene-
ral condition of all mankind ; to first ameliorate and then
elimmate the ferocities of savage life ; and to foster deep-
seated feelings of fraternity among all peoples. From the
birth of Science in barbaric times through its stages of slow and
almost imperceptible progression toward the present, its be-
neficent effects are plainly evident ; and the historian clearly
sees that wherever even chance and imperfect rays from the
sun of knowledge illuminated the darkness and desolation of
ignorance in which the world lay for ages, there prosperity
and happiness took root and grew up and flourished. It was
but a few times fifty years ago that Science and Art were
borne still in infancy across the Atlantic to find an asylum
on western shores ; yet under the fostering care of organ-
izations such as this Academy they developed apace; and
to-day the triumphs of Science are in our hands as means of
every day existence. The New World is the world of inven-
tion ; the prairie schooner gave way to locomotive and auto-
mobile, the clumsy candlestick and ill-smelling snuffers to the
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. Ixxxix
cleanly incandescent bulb, and the telegraph and telephone rose
to extend our senses in such manner that the whole world
opens before us as a picture unveiled. In this great develop-
ment the Saint Louis Academy of Science has done its share.
I have watched your officers unfold the history of this organi-
zation from its beginning a half-centurv ago ; have noted the
principles which governed the original members, and watched
the ways in which their work and that of their successors
was performed ; and I feel that the utility of this organiza-
tion has exceeded the most sanguine expectations of its
founders, and that all kindred but youuger institutions owe
Saint Louis Academy a debt too large for ready payment.
Our city and State are the better for the work of your body.
On behalf especially of the Missouri Historical Society I ex-
tend congratulations on the brilliant close of your first half-cen-
tury and express the hope that our relations may remain inti-
mate, harmonious, fraternal, and mutually beneficial. We have
with us about this banquet board poets to picture the Golden
Age, artists to outline bright ideals, scientists to analyze nature
and bring it within our ken; at my side is an anthropologist,
who might point out the steps of progress from the condition
of Man Primeval to that of Man the Conqueror of Nature ;
there are those with us who comprehend those principles of
government that tend to unite men in impregnable nations;
there are with us authorities on moral and educational insti-
tutions, within whose ken lies the power to inspire the human
mind and heart with principles of patriotism and virtue ; and
still others who have helped to harness the lightning and con-
trol the powers of the air. Greece in her brightest day would
have deified the discoverer of the circulation of the blood ; yet
there are with us those who count the red and white corpuscles
of the life-giving fluid and trace the microscopic germs by
which its flow is affected and our lives curtailed or pro-
longed, and it has been my pleasure to associate with members
of this body who have helped to make the rough and rugged
hills to laugh like the smoothest valleys in fruitful harvests
and to make the barren plains blossom as the garden of
roses. So I rejoice in your presence and am glad in meeting
xc Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
face to face the members of your body who are makers of
knowledge and hence of human progress. Long may the
Academy live; many be its anniversaries; and ever be
its success the pride of Saint Louis and the boast of Mis-
souri: may the history and example of the organization as
related and displayed tonight be handed down from gener-
ation to veneration to the credit and renown of Science ! I
congratulate you, and in the language of my ancestors I
greet you
" Slainte doibh uille.^^ *
Mr. Hurter: —
Gentlemen, Members of The Academy of Science of St.
Louis and Honorable Guests : — In addressing you to-night I
do so, not as a member of the Academy, but as a delegate of
the Naturalists' Club of St. Louis. The Club has honored
me as the bearer of heartiest sympathies and good wishes
towards the Academy of Science. We not only appreciate
what the Academy has achieved in the past fifty years,
but we hope that in the next half century the Academy will
grow to be a much larger body so as to be enabled to carry
the results of scientific research and exploration into wider
and wider fields. I can assure the Academy that the Natural-
ists' Club will always work hand in hand with the members
of the Academy of Science to its fullest extent and we hope
that in the next fifty years the sympathies which unite the
two organizations may become very close, founded upon the
same love for scientific studies.
Professor Coulter : —
The Biological Society of Saint Louis, probably the youngest
scientific society represented here to-night, desires to present
its congratulations to the oldest, the Academy of Science.
We sincerely hope that the long and useful career of the
Academy, a career whose influence has always been particu-
larly stimulating to younger societies like ours, may be
but the prophecy of a much longer and still more helpful
* Health to you all.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xci
future. We esteem it a high honor to be invited to partici-
pate in these anniversary exercises and we take great pleasure
in bringing our most cordial greetings to add to the many
already received.
Dk. Hunicke: —
Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen: — The St. Louis Chemi-
cal Society offers greetings to The Academy of Science of St.
Louis. In behalf of my society I extend the best wishes
for 3'our future welfare and sincerely hope that you may be
permitted to continue your admirable work for many genera-
tions to come.
Judge Terry : —
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : — As a representa-
tive of the youngest among the educational and scientific in-
stitutions of Saint Louis, I am especially glad to extend
greetings to the oldest scientific organization of this city.
The Academy of Science has had a most notable career ; it has
worked quietly but effectively; its workers have, without
exception, stood for the best interests of the city and State;
and the influence of the Academy has always been beneficial.
On the work and influence of the Saint Louis Academy it would
be impossible to improve : but some of our citizens are to-day
endeavoring to extend these methods and widen these influ-
ences in such manner that they may be felt by our' entire
people. This is the aim of Saint Louis Public Museum, an
institution whose founders are led by the example and
inspired by the success of the Academy. On behalf of these
founders I extend congratulations to the Saint Louis Academy
of Science on its half-century of usefulness, and heartiest
wishes for other half -centuries of still greater beneficence.
Mr. Sampson : —
At this late hour I will take only a few minutes of your
time, and that only to briefly introduce to you the society
that I represent, a society that is perhaps younger than any
other that has been presented to you to-night. The State
xcii Trans. Acad. Sci. of iSt. Louis.
Historical Society of Missouri was organized in 1898 by the
Missouri Press Association, and was made a trustee of the
State by the Legishiture in 1899. Its object is " the collec-
tion, preservation, exhibition and publication of material for
the study of history, especially the history of the State and
of the Middle West; " and to this end it collects documents
and manuscripts, conducts a historical library, and maintains a
historical museum. In the short time since its organization
it has been very successful in these objects, and now has a
library of not less than 30,000 titles, with duplicates of
an equally large number of publications. The library is now
larger than any other State Historical Society in the Union
had when it was of the same age as this is now. It receives,
binds and preserves 760 periodicals of Missouri regularly, a
number in excess of that of any other Historical Society. It
has more of the official publications of the State than any
other library ; more publications made by Missouri authors,
and more of the local publications relating to different parts
of the State, and is fortunate in having a complete set of the
publications of this Academy.
For some years its collection of publications has increased
on an average of more than 1,000 per month in addition to
its periodicals.
The Society had two large exhibits at the World's Fair;
one of works by Missouri authors numbering more than 1,800
publications, and the other of the periodicals of Missouri for
the year 1903. For these exhibits the Society was given a
Grand Prize. The Society has many manuscripts of great
importance which it will publish in the future as an impor-
tant contribution to the history of the West, and it extends
its good wishes to the Academy in its investigations of the
scientific questions arising in the same part of our country.
Mr. Chaplin: —
Had there been an opportunity at the dinner commemo-
rating the fiftieth anniversary of the Academy of Science, I
should have been very glad to present the congratulations
of Washington University to the Academy on its long life
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xciii
and good service in the cause of science. I believe that the
Academy of Science has been of great benefit to this com-
munity. It has brought together workers in all fields of
science. It has encouraged them to carry on their special
investigations, and through its publications it has kept them
in touch with scientific men in all parts of the world. The
purpose of a University is to educate men in all departments
of knowledge ; the purpose of the Academy is to give educated
scientific men an opportunity to carry on their researches
and to encourage them in so doing, as well as to make their
works known and to encourage others to follow in their
paths.
I wish most heartily that the generous citizens of St. Louis
would assist the Academy in its good work. Its collections
ought to be in a fireproof building, and its work ought to be
supported by generous endowments. I trust that long before
the end of a century of its work, it will be provided with
these necessities.
The Toastmaster : —
I hold in my hands a great many other messages which I
should like to deliver to you this evening. They have been
coming to us continually until a few hours ago, with words
of most cordial greeting from European societies. Unfortu-
nately we cannot now stop to read them. They include
words of cheer from Academies of Science in Paris, Berlin,
Rome, Vienna, St. Petersburg. All of the great societies
of Europe and many of our own country have sent letters
and cable messages
Now, gentlemen, I have to thank you, all those who have
come to us from other States, and from our own societies, for
your presence here.
ADJOURNMENT.
xeiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis,
Societies Sending Delegates or Messages.
Acaderaia Kornana. Bukarest, Koumania.
Academie d'Amiens. Amiens, France.
Academic de Stanislas. Nancy, France.
Academie des Sciences. St. Petersburg, Russia.
Academie des Sciences. Toulouse, France.
Academie des Sciences et Lettres. Montpellier, France.
Academie Internationale de Geographic Botanique. Le
Mans, France. ( William Trelease).
Academie National. Reims, France.
Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia, Pa.
American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston, Mass.
( William Trelease ) .
American Chemical Society. {John II. Long).
American Entomological Societ3^ Philadelphia, Pa.
American Geographical Society. New York, N. Y.
American Museum of Natural History. New York, N. Y.
American Pharmaceutical Association. Baltimore, Md.
{Henry M. Whelpley).
American Philosophical Society. Philadelphia, Pa. ( Will-
iam Trelease).
American Physical Society. {Francis E. Ni'pher).
American Society of Naturalists.
Association Frangaise pour 1' Avancement des Sciences
Paris, France.
Association Internationale des Botanistes. Leiden. Nether-
lands. {Hermann von 8chrenh; William Trelease).
Australian Museum. Sydney, N. S. W.
Babaafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbe-
geerte. Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Berwickshire Naturalists' Club. Alnwick, Eno-land.
Boston Society of Natural History. Boston, Mass. ( Will-
iam Trelease).
Botanical Society of America. {Hermann von /Schrenk).
Botanischer Verein der Provinz Brandenburg. Berlin, Ger-
man}^
Bristol Naturalists' Society. Bristol, England.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xcv
British Association for the Advancement of Science. Lon-
don, England.
British Museum (Natural History). London, England.
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Brooklyn, N. Y.
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences. Buffalo, N. Y.
Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington, D. C.
Bureau of Geology and Mines of Missouri. Kolla, Mo. {Er-
nest R. Buckley).
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal.
Cambridge Entomological Club. Cambridge, Mass.
Canadian Institute. Toronto, Canada.
Carnegie Institution of Washington. Washington, D. C.
Carnegie Museum. Pittsburg, Pa.
Chicago Academy of Sciences. Chicago, 111. ( Thomas G .
Chamberlin ; W. K. Higley).
Chicago Historical Society. Chicago, 111.
Colorado College Scientific Society. Colorado Springs, Col.
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Haven, Ct.
Davenport Academy of Sciences. Davenport, la.
Deutscher Verein zum Schutze der Vogelwelt. Gera, Ger-
many.
E. M. Museum of Geology and Archaeology. Princeton,
N. J.
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill, N. C.
Engelmann Botanical Club. St. Louis, Mo. {Charles H.
Thompson) .
Engineers' Club of St. Louis. ( W. A. Layman).
Entomological Society of Ontario. London, Canada.
( William Lochheacl) .
Essex Institute. Salem, Mass.
Faculte des Sciences. Marseille, France.
Field Columbian Museum. Chicago, 111. ( Oliver C. Far-
rington ) .
Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pa.
Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. Min-
neapolis, Minn. {Conway MacMillan).
Geological and Natural History Survey of Wisconsin. Mad-
ison, Wis. {Edward A. Birge).
xcvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Geological Society of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, Scotland.
( W. M. Davis*).
Geological Survey of Alabama. University, Ala.
Geological Survey of Canada. Ottawa, Canada.
Geological Survey of New Jersey. Trenton, N. J.
Geological Survey of New South Wales. Sydney, N. S. W.
Goodsell Observatory, Northfield, Minn.
Harvard College Observatory. Cambridge, Mass.
Institut de France. — Academic des Sciences. Paris, France.
Institut Agronomique de Moscow. — Observatoire Met^oro-
logique. Moscow, Russia.
Institut National Agronomique. Paris, France.
Institut National G^nevois. Geneva, Switzerland.
Institute of Jamaica. Kingston, Jamaica.
Instituto Medico Nacional. Mexico, Mex.
Iowa Academy of Sciences. Des Moines, la. (Louis H.
Pammel).
Jardin Imperial de Botanique. St. Petersburg, Russia.
K. K. Centralanstalt fiir Meteorologie. Vienna, Austria.
Kaiserliches Gesundheitsamt. Berlin, Germany.
Kiralyi Magyar Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat. (Royal
Hungarian Society of Natural Sciences.) Budapest,
Hungary.
Koniglich-Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin,
Germany.
Koniglicher Botanischer Garten und Museum. Berlin,
Germany.
Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Amsterdam,
Netherlands.
Kosmos : Gesellschaf t der Naturf reunde . Stuttgart, Germany.
Lick Observatory. Mt. Hamilton, Cal.
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia. Budapest, Hungary.
Marine Biological Laboratory. Woods Holl, Mass.
Maryland Geological Survey. Baltimore, Md.
Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Jena, Ger-
many.
Missouri Botanical Garden. St. Louis. Mo. ( William
T release ) .
• Unavoidably absent.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xcvii
Missouri Historical Society. St. Louis, Mo. (Jatnes A.
Reardon).
Museum Carolino-Augusteum. Salzburg, Austria.
Museum of Comparative Zoology. Cambridge, Mass.
National Academy of Sciences. Washington, D. C. ( Wil-
liam Trelease).
National Geographic Society. Washington, D. C. {W J
McGee).
Natural History Society of New Brunswick. St. John, N. B.,
Canada.
Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham and
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England.
Naturalists' Club of St. Louis. St. Louis, Mo. {Julius
Hurler) .
Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Emden, Germany.
Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Freiburg, Germany.
Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Gorlitz, Germany.
Naturforscher Gesellschaft bei der Kaiserlichen Universitat.
Dorpat-Jurjev, Russia.
Naturhistorische Gesellschaft. Niirnberg, Germany.
Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft. Chemnitz, Germany.
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Schleswig-Holstein. Kiel,
Germany.
Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging. Leiden, Nether-
lands.
New York Academy of Sciences. New York, N. Y.
(William B. Potter*).
Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Halifax, N. S., Canada.
Numismatic and Antiquarian Society. Philadelphia, Pa.
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional Mexicano. Tacubaya,
Mexico.
Oesterreichischer Reichsforstverein. Vienna, Austria,
Offenbacher Verein fiir Naturkunde. Offenbach, Germany.
Peabody Museum. Salem, Mass.
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Cambridge,
Mass.
Philosophical Society of Washington. Washington, D. C.
{W J McGee).
* Unavoidably absent.
xcviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Physikallsch-Oekonomische Gesellschaft. Konigsberg, Ger-
many.
Portland Society of Natural History. Portland, Me.
Keal Academia de Cieucias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales.
Madrid, Spain.
R. Accademia dei Lincei. Rome, Italy.
R. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti. Modena, Italy.
Regia Soeietas Scientiarum. Upsala, Sweden.
Rijks Observatoriiim. Leiden, Netherlands.
Royal Geographical Society. London, England. ( William
Lihhey*).
Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. Brisbane, Queens-
land.
Royal Irish Academy. Dublin, Ireland.
Royal Society of Canada. Ottawa, Canada.
Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D. C.
Sociedade de Geographia. Lisbon, Portugal.
Societe Centrale Forestiere de Belgique. Brussels, Belgium.
Soci^te d' Emulation du Department des Vosges. ifipinal,
France.
Societe de Physique et d' Histoire Naturalle. Geneva,
Switzerland.
Societe des Lettres, Sciences et Arts. Bar Le Due, France.
Societe des Sciences. Nancy, France.
Societe des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. Bordeaux,
France. {William Trelease).
Societe Fribourgeoise des Sciences Naturelles. Fribourg,
Switzerland.
Societe Geologique de Belgique. Liege, Belgium.
Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes. Moscow, Russia.
Socidte Nationale Academique. Cherbourg, France.
Societe Nationale des Sciences Naturelles et Mathematiques.
Cherbourg, France.
Societe Scientifique Industrielle. Marseille, France.
St. Louis Biological Club. ~ St. Louis, Mo. (/Samuel M,
Coulter).
St. Louis Chemical Society. St. Louis, Mo. {Henry A.
Hunicke ) .
* Unavoidably abt-ent.
Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary. xcix
St. Louis Public Museum. St. Louis, Mo. (John H.
Terry ) .
State Historical Society of Missouri. Columbia, Mo. {F.A.
Sampson).
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Washington, D. C.
U. S. Department of Agriculture. — Bureau of Biological
Survey. Washington, D. C. {A.K.Fisher*).
U. S. Geological Survey. Washington, D. C. {Joseph A.
Holmes * ) .
U. S. Naval Observatory. Washington, D. C.
Verein fiir Erdkunde. Dresden, Germany.
Verein fiir Erdkunde. Leipzig, Germany.
Verein fiir Erdkunde. Metz, Germany.
Verein fiir Geographic und Statistik. Frankfurt am Main,
Germany.
Verein fiir Naturkunde. Cassel, Germany.
Verein fiir Naturwissenschaft. Braunschweig, Germany.
Verein fiir Siebenbiirgische Landeskunde. Hermannstadt,
Austria.
Verein zur Verbreitung Naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse.
Vienna, Austria.
Washburn Observatory. Madison, Wis.
Washington University. St. Louis, Mo. (W. S. Chaplin,
S. M. Coulter, Otto Heller, A. 8. Langsdorf, F. E.
Nipher, Wm. Trelease, J. L. Van Ornum, C. M.
Woodioard ) .
Wetterauische Gesellschaft fiir die Gesammte Naturkunde.
Hanau, Germany.
Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. Madison,
Wis. {Ernest R. Buckley).
Wisconsin Natural History Society. Milwaukee, Wis.
Yale University Observatory. New Haven, Ct.
Yorkshire Geological Society. Leeds, England.
Zoological Society of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pa.
Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft. Vienna, Austria.
♦ Unavoidably absent.
Issued July 23, 1906.
CONSTITUTION.
ARTICLE I. NAME.
Section 1. This Association shall be called "The Acad-
emy OF Science of St. Louis."
ARTICLE II. object.
Section 1. It shall have for its object the promotion of
science.
Sec. 2. As means to this end the Academy shall hold
meetinofs for the consideration and discussion of scientific
subjects ; shall take measures to procure original papers upon
such subjects; and shall, as often as may be practicable,
publish its transactions. It shall also establish and maintain
a cabinet of objects illustrative of the several departments of
science, and a library of works relating to the same. It
shall also place itself in communication with other scientific
institutions.
ARTICLE III. MEMBERS.
Section 1. The Academy shall consist of Active Members^
Corresponding Members, Honorary Members, and Patrons.
Sec. 2. Active Members shall be persons interested in
science, and they alone shall conduct the affairs of the
Academy.
Sec. 3. Persons not living in the City or County of St.
Louis who may be disposed to further the object of the
Academy by original researches, contributions of specimens,
or otherwise, may be elected Corresponding Members.
Sec. 4. Persons not living in the City or County of St.
Louis may be elected Honorary Members by virtue of their
attainments in science.
Sec. 5, Any person conveying to the Academy the sum of
cii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
one tliousaiid dollars ($1,000), or its equivalent, may be
elected a Patron.
Sec. 6. Persous may be admitted to any of the preceding
classes of membership, or dismissed therefrom in accordance
with the regulations prescribed by the By-Laws.
ARTICLE IV. OFFICERS.
Section 1. The officers of the Academy shall be chosen
from the active members, and they shall consist of a
President,
1st Vice-President,
2d Vice-President,
Recording Secretary.
Corres{)onding Secretary,
Treasurer,
Librarian,
Three Curators,
Two Directors.
Said officers shall be elected at the time and in the man-
ner prescribed by the By-Laws, and shall hold their offices
for one year, or until their successors are elected.
Sec. 2. The duties of these officers shall be such as are
customaryland as prescribed by the By-Laws.
article v. council.
Section 1. The officers shall constitute the Council of the
Academy and at its meetings five shall constitute a quorum.
Sec. 2. The duties of the Council shall be to consider
all plans conducive to the welfare of the Academy; to audit
all bills and order payment of such as they may approve ;
to consider all applications for membership ; and to adminis-
ter the business of the Academy, subject to the Constitution
and By-Laws and to such instructions as may be given by
the Academy.
Constitution. ciii
ARTICLE VI. MEETINGS.
Section. 1. The meetings of the Academy shall be held at
such times and places as the By-Laws may direct.
article VII. AMENDMENTS,
Section 1. Amendments to this Constitution shall be sub-
mitted in writing at a regular meeting. They shall be open
to discussion until at least the second meeting thereafter.
They may then be adopted by a two-thirds vote of a letter-
ballot, conducted in the manner prescribed by the Council.
ARTICLE VIII. SECTIONS.
Section 1. To encourage and promote special investiga-
tions in any branch of science, members of the Academy
may form Sections which shall be constituted as herein
provided.
Sec. 2. For the formation of a Section written application
shall be made to the Academy, at a regular meeting, by not
less than six active members.
On the approval of this application by the affirmative vote
of two-thirds of the members present at the next regular
meeting, the Section shall be established and the names of
the petitioners shall be recorded on its minutes as its
founders.
Sec. 3. Sections may increase the number of their mem-
bers by election, but only members of the Academy shall be
elected members of any of the Sections.
Sec. 4. The officers of each Section shall be a Chairman
and a Secretary, who shall be elected by its members at the
first meeting of the Section, and subsequently at the first
meeting in January of each year.
Sec. 5. The collections and books of each Section are the
common property of the Academy. Donations of books and
specimens made to or for any Section shall be received as
donations to the Academy for the use of the Section.
oiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Sec. 6. A report of the proceedings of each Section shall
be submitted to the Academy at least once every month.
Papers read before any Section with a view to publication by
the Academy shall take the same course as papers read before
the Academy.
Sec. 7. On all points not herein provided for, each Sec-
tion shall be governed by the Constitution, By-Laws, and in-
structions of the Academy.
BY-LAWS.
I. REGULAR MEETINGS.
The regular meetings of the Academy shall be held on
the first and third Monday evenings of every month, unless
otherwise ordered by the Council.
II. SPECIAL MEETINGS.
Special meetings may be called by the President at his
discretion, and shall be called by him on the written request
of three or more members.
HI. NOTICE or MEETINGS.
The Recording Secretary shall send a notice of each meet-
ing to every active member at least two days before such
meeting.
IV. QUORUM.
Seven members shall constitute a quorum, but four mem-
bers shall constitute a legal meeting for reading of papers.
V. ORDER OF BUSINESS.
The order of proceeding, at the regular meetings of the
Academy, shall be as follows : —
1. Minutes of last meeting.
2. Report of the Council.
3. Reports of Committees.
4. Report of tlie Corresponding Secretary.
5. Donations to the Museum and Library.
6. Written Communications.
7. Oral Communications.
8. Deferred Business.
9. New Business.
10. Elections.
11. Proposals for Membership.
12. Adjournment.
cvi Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
VI. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.
It shall be the duty of the Corresponding Secretary to
conduct the correspondence and report to the Academy.
VII. TREASURER.
The Treasurer shall collect all moneys due the Academy ;
be custodian of all its funds, and pay such bills against the
Academy as the Council shall approve. The Treasurer shall
deposit the moneys and invest the funds of the Academy in
its name and by and with the advice of the Council. Besides
his annual report to the Academy, the Treasurer shall make
such further reports and statements concerning the financial
affairs of the Academy as the Council may from time to time
require. Before entering upon his duties, the Treasurer shall
give bond in such sum as may be required by the Council.
VIII. LIBRARIAN.
The Librarian shall take charge of all books belonginff to
or deposited with the Academy, and shall be responsible for
the same ; he shall keep a catalogue thereof, in which the
names of contributors shall be inscribed ; he shall superintend
the distribution of all the publications of the Academy.
IX. COUNCIL.
The Council shall act as a publication committee ; shall
prepare a program for each meeting, and make rules and
regulations for their own guidance, not inconsistent with the
Constitution and By-Laws.
X. ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
A nominating committee of three active members who are
not ofiicers of the Academv shall be elected at the first regu-
lar meeting in December. This committee shall nominate
candidates for all the offices for the ensuing year, and report
the nominations at the following meeting, when other nom-
By-Laws. cvii
inations may be made by any active member. The Kecording
Secretary shall mail to every active member a list of the nom-
inees for office, at least ten days preceding the annual meet-
ing. The polls shall be closed at 6 p. m. on the day of the
annual meeting, after which the nominating committee shall
count the ballots and announce the results to the Academy.
A plurality of the votes cast shall suffice to elect.
XI. VACANCIES.
All vacancies shall be filled by the Council in a regular or
called meeting, notice whereof having been given at least two
days previously.
XII. ELECTION OF MEMBERS.
A candidate for admission to the Academy shall be pro-
posed by not less than two members at any regular meeting.
The proposal must then be referred to the Council, and if
upon examination they shall find the candidate to be eligible
and worthy of membership, they shall order the question as to
his admission to be submitted to the Academy by ballot. If
there be five votes in the negative, the candidate shall be re-
jected, and shall not be again voted upon for twelve months
after such rejection. But if the number of negative votes
be less than five, the candidate shall be elected, but shall not
be considered a member until he shall have paid the initiation
fee and the annual dues for the current year. Any failure to
pay the initiation fee and annual dues within thirty days after
the candidate has been notified of his election, shall work a
forfeiture of all rights under said election, if the Council
shall so determine. No entry shall be made on the record of
the rejection of any candidate.
XIII. RESIGNATION OF MEMBERS.
Any member whose clues have been fully paid, may with-
draw from the Academy by a written resignation. Non-pay-
ment of dues for one year or longer may be treated as equiv-
alent to resignation ; but before any member is dropped from
cviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the rolls for delinquency, he shall be entitled to not less than
four weeks' notice.
XIV. EXPULSION OF MEMBERS.
Upon the written request of five members, that, for cause
stated, any member be expelled, the Council shall consider
the matter, and if they deem it best, shall advise the member
that his resignation will be accepted. He shall, however,
have the right to demand and shall be given a copy of the
charges against him, and shall have a reasonable time to pre-
sent a written defense. The Council may then pass finally
upon the matter, and if resignation has not been tendered, or
a satisfactory defense made, may by an affirmative vote of
four of their number expel the member, in which case they
shall notify him and the Academy of their action, and his
name shall be at once dropped from the list of members.
XV. INITIATION FEP: AND DUES.
Resident active members shall pay an initiation fee of five
dollars, and annual dues of six dollars, payable at the begin-
ning of each year. Non-resident active members shall pay
an initiation fee of five dollars and annual dues of one-half
the dues for resident active members, payable at the begin-
ning of each 3^ear.
XVI. HONORARY MEMBERS AND PATRONS.
Honorary members and Patrons shall be recommended by
the Council, and elected by the unanimous vote of the mem-
bers present at any regular meeting.
XVII. PUBLICATIONS.
Patrons and all active members not in arrears shall be
entitled to one copy of all the publications of the Academy
issued subsequent to their election. Authors of papers
shall be entitled to twenty extra copies of their individual
papers.
By-Laws. cix
XVII. SALE OF REAL ESTATE.
The property conveyed to The Academy of Science of St.
Louis on the eighteenth day of March, 1903, by Edgar R.
Hoadley and Lavinia L. Hoadley, as a gift from Mrs. Eliza
McMillan and William N. McMillan, shall not be mortgaged
or voluntarily incumbered by the Academy of Science; and
the said property shall not be sold, except with the consent
of two-thirds of the members of the Academy of Science,
obtained by letter ballot, in such manner as may be prescribed
by the Council; and, when sold, the proceeds of the sale or
so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be used to pro-
vide a suitable location and building for the use of The
Academy of Science of St. Louis.
XIX. AUTHORITY.
On all points of order and procedure, not provided for in
the Constitution and By-Laws, Robert's Rules of Order shall
be the authority.
XX. AMENDMENTS.
These By-Laws may be amended by two-thirds vote of all
the members present at any regular meeting, provided notice
of the proposed amendment shall have been mailed to every
member at least one week before the vote thereon is taken.
ABSTRACT OF HISTORY.
ORGANIZATION.
The Academy of Science of St. Louis was organized on
the 10th of March, 1856, in the hall of the Board of Pub-
lic Schools. Dr. George Engelmann was the first President.
CHARTER.
On the 17th of January following, a charter incorpo-
rating the Academy was signed and approved, and this was
accepted by a vote of the Academy on the 9th of February,
1857.
OBJECTS.
The act of incorporation declares the object of the
Academy to be the advancement of science and the estab-
lishment in St. Louis of a museum and library for the illus-
tration and study of its various branches, and provides that
the members shall acquire no individual property in the real
estate, cabinets, library, or other of its effects, their inter-
est being usufructuary merely.
The constitution as adopted at the organization meeting
and amended at various times subsequently, provides for
holding meetings for the consideration and discussion of
scientific subjects ; taking measures to procure original
papers upon such subjects ; the publication of transactions ;
the establishment t nd maintenance of a cabinet of objects
illustrative of the several departments of science and a li-
brary of works relating to the same; and the establishment
of relations with other scientific institutions. To encourage
and promote special investigation in any branch of science,
the formation of special sections under the charter is pro-
vided for.
MEMBERSHIP.
Members are classified as active members, corresponding
members, honorary members and patrons. Active member-
Abstract of History. cxi
ship is limited to persons interested in science, though they
need not of necessity be engaged in scientific work, and they
alone conduct the affairs of the Academy, under its constitu-
tion. Persons not living in the city or county of St. Louis
who are disposed to further the objects of the Academy, by
original researches, contributions of specimens, or otherwise,
are eligible as corresponding members. Persons not living
in the city or county of St. Louis are eligible as honorary
members by virtue of their attainments in science. Any per-
son conveying to the Academy the sum of one thousand
dollars or its equivalent becomes eligible as a patron.
Under the by-laws, resident active members pay ^.n initia-
tion fee of five dollars and annual dues of six dollars. Non-
resident active members pay the same initiation fee, but
annual dues of three dollars only. Patrons, and honorary
and corresponding members, are exempt from the payment of
dues. Each patron and active member not in arrears is
entitled to one copy of each publication of the Academy
issued after his election.
Since the organization of the Academy, 1,000 persons have
been elected to active membership, of whom, at the present
time, 240 are carried on the list. Four patrons, Mr. Edwin
Harrison, Mrs. Eliza McMillan, Mr. William Northrop
McMillan and Mr. Henry W. Eliot have been elected. The
list of corresponding member.^ (Vol. X., p. xii.) includes
226 names, among which are the names of 104 persons
known to be deceased.
The presence of a number of eminent scientists from all
parts of the world at the International Congress during the
World's Fair of 1904, was considered a suitable occasion for
electing the following gentlemen as honorary members of the
Academv, in recognition of their valuable services to science:
Prof. Svante Arrhenius (Stockholm), Prof. Dr. Leopold
Bahlssn (Berlin), Prof. Dr. Ludwig Boltzmann (Vienna),
Seiior Alfredo Chaveuo (Mexico), Prof. Theodor Escherich
(Vienna), Prof. Shibasaburo Kitasato (Tokio), Geh. Ober
Reo^. R. Theodor Lewald (Berlin), Count Limbursc-Stirum
(Berlin), Prof. Henri Moissan (Paris), Geh. Rath Dr. Johann
cxii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Orth (Berlin), :Prof.Wilhelm Oswald (Leipzig), Sir William
Ramsay (London), Prof. Ernest Rutherford (Montreal),
Prof. J. W. Vau't Hoff (Berlin), Geh. Rath Prof. Dr. Wil-
helm Waldeyer (Berlin), Prof. Dr. A. Wassermann (Berlin),
Geh. Rath Prof. Dr. L. Wittmack (Berlin), from all of
which courteous letters of acceptance were received.
OFFICERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The ojQScers, who are chosen from the active members, con-
sist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, Recording and Cor-
responding Secretaries, Treasurer, Librarian, three Curators,
and two Directors. The general business management of the
Academy is vested in a Council composed of the OiEcers.
The office of President has been filled by the following well-
known citizens of St. Louis, nearlj^ all of whom have been
eminent in some line of scientific work: George Engelmann,
Benjamin F. Shumard, Adolphus Wislizenus, Hiram A.
Prout, John B. Johnson, James B. Eads, William T. Harris,
Charles V. Riley, Francis E. Nipher, Henry S. Pritchett,
John Green, Melvin L. Gray, Edmund A. Engler, Robert
Moore, Henry W. Eliot, Edwin Harrison, and Adolf Alt.
MEETINGS.
The regular meetings of the Academy are held at its build-
ing, 3817 Olive Street, at 8 o'clock, on the first and third
Monday evenings of each month, a^recess being taken between
the meeting on the first Monday in June and the meeting on
the third Monday in October. These meetings, to which
interested persons are always welcome, are devoted in part to
the reading of technical papers designed for publication in the
Academy's Transactions, and in part to the presentation of
more popular abstracts of recent investigation or progress.
From time to time public lectures, calculated to interest a
larger audience, are provided for in some suitable hall.
The following dates for regular meeting for the year 1907
have been fixed bv the Council: —
Abstract of History.
CXI 11
Jan.
7
21
Feb.
Mar.
April.
May.
June.
Oct.
Nov.
4
4
1
6
3
4
18
18
15
20
21
18
Dec.
2
16
LIBRARY.
After its organization, tlie Academy met in Pope's Medical
College, where a creditable beginning had been made toward
the formation of a museum and library, until May, 1869,
when the building and museum were destroyed by fire, the
library being saved. The library now contains 16,270 books
and 15,026 pamphlets, and is open during certain hours of
the day for consultation by members and persons engaged in
scientific work.
PUBLICATIONS AND EXCHANGES.
Sixteen thick octavo volumes of Transactions have been
published since the organization of the Academ}^ and widely
distributed. Two quarto publications have also been issued:
one from the Archaeological section, being a contribution to
the archaeology of Missouri, and the other a report of the
observations made by the Washington University Eclipse
Party of 1889. The Academy now stands in exchange re-
lations with 585 institutions or organizations of aims similar
to its own.
MUSEUM.
After the loss of its first museum, in 1869, the Academy
lacked adequate room for the arrangement of a public mu-
seum, and, although small museum accessions were received
and cared for, its main effort of necessity was concentrated
on the holding of meetings, the formation of a library, the
publication of worthy scientific matter, and the maintenance
of relations with other scientific bodies.
But now in possession of a suitable home, full attention
can again be devoted to the museum, and the same is grad-
ually growing.
RECORD.
From January 1, 1906, to December 31, 190(3.
Meeting of January 15, 1906.
The Acadeiiw of Science of St. Louis met in the Academy
Building at 8:00 p. m., January 15, 1906; President A. Alt
in the chair; attendance twenty.
The President read his annual report for the year 1905.*
The Treasurer presented the iinancial report and statement
with vouchers, which were referred to an auditing committee,
consisting of Messrs. A. H. Hunicke and A. S. Langsdorf.f
The annual report of the Librarian was submitted. |t-
The report of the Curators was read.§
The Nominating Committee reported the results of the
Annual Election as follows : —
President Adolf Alt.
First Vice-President William Trelease.
Second Vice-President Joseph Spiegelhalter.
Recording Secretary Ernest P. OMiausen.
Corresponding Secretary H. August Hunicke.
Treasurer ... Enno Sander.
Librarian G. Hambach.
Curators .G. Hambach.
Frank Schwarz.
Julius Hurter.
Directors F. E. Nipher.
Otto Widmann.
The amendments to Article V of the Constitution and to
Article XI of the By-Laws were both adopted as proposed.
Mrs. Edwin Harrison donated portraits of Dr. Wm. M.
* Transactions, Vol. XV., Pane xl.
t Tran3:tctiou<, Vol. XV., Pa.?o xlii.
XX Transactions, Vol. XV., Pasce xliii.
§ Transactions, Vol. XV., Page xliv.
Record. cxv
McPheeters aud of Prof. Louis Agassiz, for which the thanks
of the Academy were expressed.
Prof. F. E. Nipher offered a resolution, recommending the
introduction in the United States of the metric system of
weights and measures. The same was adopted and the Secre-
tary iustructed to sigu for the Academy a petition to Con-
gress to that effect.
February 5, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance seventeen.
The Committee on the Semi-Centennial Celebration re-
ported progress.
Dr. R, J. Terry presented a paper on " The Nasal Skeleton
of Amblystoma Punctatum. "
February 19, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance thirty-two.
Dr. John Young Brown and Mr. Frank Collins Baker were
elected to active membership.
Prof. J. F. Abbott delivered a lecture on " The Japanese
Language and the Development of its Written System. "
March 5, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance fifty.
Dr. W. C. G. Kirchner donated seven pamphlets on fossil
botany.
Prof. F. E. Nipher presented on behalf of Mr. Edward S.
Morse of the Peabody Museum in Sulem, Mass., a pamphlet
on fossil remains found in Missouri, written by Albert Koch
and published in St. Louis in 1840.
Dr. W. E. Sauer was elected an active member.
The following papers on the history of the A-cademy dur-
ing the fifty years of its existence were read: —
A Sketch of the History of the Academy. — Dr. H. M.
Whelpley.*
■^ Vol. XVI No. 1, P. XX.
CXVl
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
A Treasury Statement from the Beginning with mention
of all gifts received by the Treasurer.— Dr. Enno Sander.f
A History of the Museum and Library. — Dr. G. Ham-
bach, tt
An Account of its Publications and their Worth. — Prof.
F. E. Nipher.
An Account of its Members who have attained Eminence
either while here or after leaving St. Louis.— Prof. C. M.
Woodward.
On motion of Prof. Trelease it was resolved that all guests
at the dinner, representing corresponding societies and not
already members, be elected corresponding members.
March 19, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance thirteen.
Prof. F. E. Nipher exhibited a new device for measuring
the pressure of wind on buildings or of air in pipes.
Mr. F. Schwarz exhibited some specimens of centipedes,
tarantulas and scorpions, showing the effect of climate on
their development, those found in the South being much
larger than those found in Missouri. Tarantulas are quite
common at Cliff Cave and scorpions and centipedes at Mera-
mec Highlands.
Dr. Wm. Trelease presented a specimen of a Conularia,
found at Carthage, Mo., and presented by Judge Warwick
Hough to the Academy.
Dr. N. M. Glatfelter exhibited some specimens of poison-
ous mushrooms of the family Amonita. He stated that the
edible mushrooms were very common around St. Louis while
the poisonous ones were very rare. He explained by draw-
ino-s and colored plates how the poisonous amonitae can
readily be distinguished, there being mainly three elements
of distinction: — the annulus, the remnants of the universal
veil, which appear as warts on top of the mushroom, and the
poison cup near the bottom of the stem. None of these
t Vol. XVI. No 1. p. XXX.
JJ^ol. XVI. No 1, p. XXXIII.
Record. cxvii
marks is found in the edible kind, while either one, two or
all three are found in the poisonous kind.
April 2, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance twenty-three-
Mr. Charles P. Pettus, Dr. Theodore Ilg, Dr. Noah M.
Glatfelter, Dr. W. B. Dorsett, Mr. Henry Boeckler, and
Mr. Wm. J. Armbruster were elected active members of the
Academy.
Mr. Andrew C. Life delivered a lecture on " Alternation of
Generation and its Application to Evolution of Plants," il-
lustrated by plants and lantern slides.
April 16, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance thirty.
Mr. Julian Bagby donated to the Academy a prehistoric
Indian club, found fifteen miles south of New Haven, Mo.
He stated that all the clubs found in his neighborhood were
made of oolitic sandstone and were found in a kind of cis-
tern covered over with a clay impervious to water.
Mr. Julius Hurter presented the following rare and cu-
rious reptiles and amphibia with explanations : —
A o-iant salamander of Japan {Megalohatrachus maximus,
Schlegel), the largest species found.
A blind salamander of very small size ( Typhlomolge rath-
huni) found in 1896, 188 feet deep in an artesian well at
San Marcos, Texas.
A Surinam toad {Pipa americana, Saurentius) of which
species the female carries its young in small cavities on the
back, where they develop from the eggs. This species is
also called the Honey Comb Toad.
A Midwife toad {Alytes ostefncans, Saur.)
A tortoise shell turtle ( Chelone imbricafa, Linn.) as found
in the warmer parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian
Oceans.
A flying lizard {Draco solans, Linn.). He described its
CXVIU
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
habits, showing that it does not actually fly, but leaps from
tree to tree like the flying, squirrel.
A Moloch {Moloch horridus, Gray), from West Austra-
lia, a dangerous looking but harmless creature, though its
habits are little known.
A cobra snake (JVaja tripudians, Merrem.) from Java,
which in an upright position extends its neck to a kind of
disk. It is found in southern India, Java, Sumatra, and is
considered the most venemous snake.
An asp {Aspis naja nage, Linn.) from Tunis, Africa.
It was known to the ancient Egyptians and its representa-
tions are found in old temples. Cleopatra is said to have
used one of them for her suicide. The snake charmers of
Morocco and Egypt use them in their performances, how-
ever, first removing the fangs.
May 7, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance thirty.
The Secretary reported that the Academy had received five
hundred dollars as a bequest from Mr. M. L. Gray, President
of the Academy in 1896 and 1897.
The President presented a medal received from the "Societe
des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Bordeaux," struck
in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of that society.
Mr. Julian Bagby delivered a lecture on "Natural and
Artificial Springs and Pools of the Ozarks. "
May 21, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance thirty.
The Corresponding Secretary presented a medal conferred
upon the Academy in honor of its fiftieth anniversary by the
Academic Internationale de Geographic Botanique."
A collection of minerals and Indian Clubs from Leslie,
Franklin County, Mo., was presented by Mr. August Rem-
mert of Leslie, Mo.
Miss Mary Klem read a paper by Mr. Otto Widmann, en-
titled "Introduction to a Preliminary Catalogue of the Birds
of Missouri."
Record. cxix
The introduction begins with acknowledgments to contrib-
utors for assistance. This is followed by a bibliography,
which gives the titles of publications relating to birds of Mis-
souri. The third chapter explains the scope of the catalog,
which is a first attempt at listing all the species and subspe-
cies found within the State, based chiefly on the observations
of the author during the past twenty-eight years. It also
explains why, in addition to the names of the American Or-
nithologists' Union's Check-List, are given the synonyms
used by Wilson, Audubon, Nuttall, Baird and Coues. It states
that it was found advisable to prepare and include a detailed
treatment of the geograj)hic distribution of each species and
subspecies in accordance with the latest sources of informa-
tion. It explains the terms used to indicate seasonal occur-
rence and relative abundance, and says that no attempt is
made to describe birds, as books of descriptive ornithol-
ogy are numerous. Besides a statement of the range of the
species in Missouri, dates of arrival and departure, manner of
occurrence as regards season and abundance, the catalog con-
tains such notes as may be helpful to the student in search
of the rarer birds. Then follow chapters on Faunal Areas,
Climate, Topography and Physical Conditions, Vegetation
and at the close chapters on the Decrease of Birds and on
Bird Protection.
June 4, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance twenty.
The following communication from Prof. G. C. Broadhead
of Columbia, Mo., was read: —
"For twenty years I collected botanical specimens when-
ever I saw any interesting plants. I sent duplicates of these
to Dr. Engelmann, who was always glad to get them, name
them and write out the results in letters to me, with frequent
interesting and important items. The Academy of Science
might be pleased to receive these notes in the Doctor's hand-
writing, with his own signature. I therefore present them
to the Academy."
(Signed) G. C. Broadhfad.
cxx Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Enclosed were a number of letters written by Dr. Engel-
mann from 1864 to 1884. The same were accepted by the
Academy and its thanks expressed therefor.
Dr. H. M. Whelpley presented a stone slab from Lyons,
Colorado, covered with Dendrites. The thanks of the Acad-
emy were extended to the donor.
Dr. H. M. Whelpley also exhibited some interesting speci-
mens of heretofore undescribed forms of Indian flint spades.
Some of them were finely polished and showed remarkably
denticulated and grooved edges, the origin of which is unex-
plainable, as they can hardly have been formed accidently but
appear rather to have been the result of some particular use,
unknown to us.
Mr. Julius Hurter exhibited photographs of some caves in
Sullivan County, Mo., recently visited by him. In one of
them he collected twenty -three blind salamanders, about four
inches long, which occur only in the caves of that section of
the country. He also showed large centipedes and tarantulas
found near the cave.
Mr. Frank Schwarz showed a very young ground hog alive.
Dr. Chas. D. Stevens presented a photograph of a Colo-
rado Mountain Sheep.
Dr. Wm. Trelease exhibited specimens of the green-spored
Lepiota {Lepiota Morqani) from the foot of Rascon
Mountain, between San Luis Potosi and Tampico, Mexico,
which he had received from Dr. Francis Eschangier of the
former city. Attention was called to the fact that this rec-
ord considerably enlarges the known range of this poisonous
species of fungi, which, however, has already been reported
from various localities between the District of Columbia,
Michigan, Nebraska, Kansas, Eastern Texas, and Georgia,
the probability being that it will be found through the moist
belt, passing down the coast from Galveston to Tampico or
further.
October 15, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance thirty-three.
The death of Dr. Ludwig Boltzmann of Vienna, an Hon-
orary Member of the Academy, was reported and on motion
Record. cxxi
of Mr. H. A. HuQicke was referred to Prof . Nipherfor proper
action.
The following donations were reported: —
Mr. H. W. Eliot. — An Indian adze, a sledgehammer, a
medicine man's mortar and pestle, and a salmon killer from
Alaska, and a stone axe found in St. Louis.
Dr. Carl Barck. — Reports of the Illinois Geological Sur-
vey under A. H. Worthen, in nine volumes.
Mrs. Edwin Harrison. — Portrait of Mr. Edwin Harrison.
Ewald Iron Co. — Iron ore from Pilot Knob, Mo.
Julius Hurter. — Bird from the Philippines. {^Eurystomus
orientalis) .
Dr. Edward Evers made an interesting report of a visit
and exploration of a new cave in Crawford Co., Mo., four
miles from Leesburg, called the Onondago Cave.
Mr. Julius Hurter reported on a trip through Marble Cave
in Stone Co., Mo., where he collected many snakes, lizards
and salamanders.
November 5, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance twenty-nine.
The following resolution on the death of Dr. Ludwig
Boltzmann of Vienna, an Honorary Member of the Academy,
was presented by Prof. F. E. Nipher and adopted: —
"The Academy of Science of St. Louis has learned with
deep regret of the death of Dr. Ludwig Boltzmann of Vi-
enna, an Honorary Member of the Academy.
He was one who was invited to participate in the Congress
of Science and Arts, held in St. Louis during 1904, during
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. His presence in our
midst was selected by our Academy as the fitting occasion
for showing its appreciation of the high service which he
had rendered to the world, by electing him to Honorary
Membership in the Academy.
The officers and members of the Academy feel, that in his
death, in the prime of his powers, the world of science has
lost one of its ablest and most advanced thinkers. "
The Corresponding Secretary announced the death of
cxxii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Don Alfredo Chavero of Mexico, an Honorary Member,
and of Dr. E. C. Chase, an active member.
Mr. Edward H. Bowie, in charge of the Weather Bureau
in this city read a paper on " Predetermination of Paths of
Centers of Cyclonic Areas, " illustrated with lantern slides.
After a short introductory sketch of the pioneers of me-
teorology in the West whose works largely influenced the
establishment of the Signal Service and later of the
Weather Bureau, the speaker reviewed the writings of
meteorologists, treating of the formation and structure of the
atmospheric whirls or eddies, called cyclones. He discussed
the work of Franklin, Redfield, Espy, Tracy, Coffin, Loomis,
Ferrel and Bigelow, which resulted in establishing the follow-
ing facts concerning the formation and structure of cyclones : —
1. That extra tropical storms are not local in their origin,
but have their source in the heat that is transported from the
tropics through horizontal currents near the earth's surface.
2. The formation of tropical cyclones or hurricanes is fully
accounted for by the vertical convectional theory.
3. The aqueous vapor condensed into water and the latent
heat liberated is an effect of, but not necessarily the cause
of the formation of a cyclone, being, however, a great factor
in intensifying the storm.
4. Observations do not show that abnormal heat in a
locality necessarily give birth to cyck/ues.
5. Cyclones are whirling masses of atmosphere, whose
horizontal diameter may be more than four or five miles, ex-
cept in the cases of tropical storms where it is greater.
The speaker then discussed the forces that propel a storm
after it is established. After reviewing the work of such
eminent men as Loomis, Abercromby, Ley, Eliot, Rosser,
Abbe, Bigelow and Garriott, he discussed at length a method
for determining the direction of a storm and its rate of pro-
gress as worked out by himself. His method is based upon
the assumption that "storms are eddies carried along by
the general eastward drift, but having their direction and
rate of progression modified by the flow of air from adja-
cent areas of high pressure."
Record. cxxiii
November 19, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance sixteen.
Dr. Launcelot W. Andrews read a paper on "Phonetics
and Bell's System of Visible Speech," describing the meth-
ods of forming the various sounds of speech, not only of
the English but of other languag-es.
December 3, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair; attendance forty-
three.
Dr. C. H. Shutt, Prof. M. E. McCourt and Mr.
Alexander Del Mar were elected active members of the
Academy.
Prof. A. S. Langsdorf, Dr. Chas. D. Stevens and Dr. D.
S. H. Smith were elected as a Nominating Committee, to
prepare a ticket for the annual election.
Dr. N. M. Glatfelter delivered a lecture on "Edible
Mushrooms," illustrated with specimens.
Dr. E. A. Gammon of Toronto, Canada, presented a series
of fossils collected at Water Works Knob in Columbia, Ten-
nessee, a new locality for collecting. All of the fossils
found seem to have been inhabited by parasites. Dr. Gam-
mon donated a full series of the Brachiopoda typical of that
locality to the Academy. On motion of Dr. C. D. Stevens
the collection was accepted and the thanks of the Academy
voted the donor.
December 17, 1906.
President Adolf Alt in the chair ; attendance twenty-four.
The Nominating Committee reported the following ballot
for the annual election, which was ordered printed and mailed
to the members : —
President C. M. Woodward
First Vice-President Arthur Thaclier
Second Vice-President Joseph Spiegelhalter
Recording Secretary James A. Harris
Corresponding Secretary H. A. Hunicke
Treasurer Enno Sander
Librarian G. Hambach
Curators G. Hambach
F. Schwarz
Julius Hurler
Directors F. E. Nipher
J. H. Kinealy
cxxiv Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Dr. M. A. Goldstein gave a demonstration of the Oto-
Projectoscope.
Eeports of Officers for the Year 1906.
The President addressed the Academy as follows : —
Gentlemen: Again being called upon to make the annual report as your
president, I can only repeat wnat I stated last year at the same occasion
that we iiave for another year striven to live up to the exalted aims and
purposes for the realization of which this Academy of Science has been
founded.
Our regular lectures have been highly interesting and instructive. The
year's volume of Trausactions contains seven scientific papers which will
surely not fail to impress the world of science in their respective special
branches with the work done by and through the agency of our Academy.
The attendance at the lectures was very slightly larger than last year, 406
in 1906 against 404 In 1905. Fifteen meetings were held. The largest at-
tendance was noted on March 5th (50), the smallest, li, on March 19th.
Thus the average atteodance in 1906 was about like that of 1905, twenty-
seven. It is likely that if more lectures of a more general and popular
character had been delivered, the attendance would have been larger, as it
is but natural that the great majority of our members, who are not them
selves engaged in work in some special scientifl:; field, are not attracted by
strictly scientific lectures .
The Academy always invites and gladly receives at its meetings guests
from the outside. It has always seemed t > me in this connection that such
an invitation should only mean to apply to the scientific lecture and its dis-
cussion. As is now the custom, however, all of our family matters are,
also, discussed ia ihe presence of the outside guests. I do not think this
should be the case and feel like suggesting that the order of business at our
meetings be changed in such a manner as to correct this condition, which)
while it has not yet, might at some occasion become very embarrass ng.
Our museum which, thanks to our Curators is so well displayed in the
large room on the third floor, has during this year again received numerous
valuable donations. It is to be hoped that the Academy will in the near
future be enabled to procure more cases, as there is still a quantity of val-
uable material stored away awaiting a chance for display.
In the same manner as the museum our library has grown considerably,
not only by the numerous exchanges but also through many valuable gifts.
Death has again robbed the Acalemy of seven members:— two Honorary
ones, Dr. Lndwig Boltzmann and Senor Alfredo Chavero, three active resi-
dent members, Dr. E. H. Gregory, Dr. E. C. Chase and Charles F. Miller,
and two active non-resident members, Julien Reverchon and Dr. Jacob
Schneck. This is a heavier loss than death has caused us for some years.
As far as numbers are concerned, the loss would have been more than
counterbalanced by twenty-one new members which we elected during the
past year, had it not been the painful duty of our Council to strike eighteen
delinquents off the membership list. Our membership is now 385 as against
386 in 1905.
Record. cxxv
The most important event in the history of the past year was the celebra-
tion of the flfcieth aaaiversary of the birth of our Academy, which we cele-
brated in a manner befltting the occasion. The banquet with its feast of
reason which had been so admirably arranged by your Committee, consist-
ing of Professor Nipher, Dr. Spiegelhalter aad Professor Trelease was of
so elevating and enjoyable a character that no one whose privilege it was to
be present will ever forget it. The memorial number of our Transactions,
while giving a full and exact presentation of all that occurred at this mem-
orable occasion, cannot replace what they have missed to those members
of the Academy who for some reason were absent. Ninety-one guests
graced the table and one hundred and fifty-seven sister societies from
the world over had sent their greetings and a respectable number of them
were represented by delegates. The Academy may well feel happy and
proud of these signs ef recognition of its work. May it, when another fifty
years have gone by, have evermore and more succeeded in realizing the high
ideals which the men had in view who founded this institution.
It will be my pleasant duty this evening to hand over the presidency of the
Academy to other and worthier hands. But, before doing so, I wish to
again thank the other oflBcers of the Academy for their attention and zeal in
managing its affairs and to express my deeply felt appreciation for the high
honor which in your kindness you conferred upon me by eliecting me your
president.
The Treasurer presented his report for the year 1906,
showing the following recapitulation of accounts : —
RECEIPTS.
To Balance Jan. 1, 1906 $ 239 30
Collection of dues 1)262 50
Bents 695 00
Interest on investment 117 64
Mortgage 3,500 GO
Certificate of deposit 1,000 GO
Donations 550 00
Semi-Centennial collection 816 00
Sale of Semi-Centennial medals 7 65
$8,188 09
EXPENDITURES.
By Printing of Transactions $ 680 22
Expenses of the Library 297 64
Salaries 1,080 00
Sundry expenses 882 05
Expenses of the Semi -Centennial 803 00
Certificates of deposit 1|000 00
Loan to Wandel 3,000 00
Interest 8 25
Discount on checks 3 40
Dividends on investments 303 90
Balance 129 63
$8,188 09
cxxvi Trans. Acad. ISci. of St. Louis.
The Librarian made the following report : —
Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit my report as
Librarian of the Academy of Science of St. Louis for the
year 1906.
The accessions to the Library for the year are as fol-
lows : —
By exchange 602 volumes 736 pamphlets
By donation 14 '« 45 "
616 " 781 «
Publications were received from
Home Societies 96
Foreign Societies 233
334
The Transactions of the Academy for the year were sent to
Home Societies 164
Foreign Societies 421
585
Five (5) foreign and two (2) home societies were added
to the exchange list and one (1) foreign and one (1) home
society canceled, making a gain of four (4) foreign and one
(1) home society or a total of five (5) on the exchange list.
The Academy sent a complete set of its Transactions and
Memoirs as a gift to the California Academy of Science in
San Francisco, whose library was destroyed in the earthquake
and fire which visited California last spring.
During the year the following donations to the Library
were received : —
Dr. Carl Barck: — A set of the reports of the Geological
Survey of Illinois by A. H. Worthen in nine volumes.
Prof. G. C. Broadhead: — Letters on botanical subjects
written to the donor by Dr. Geo. Engelmann, first President
of the Academy.
Record. cxxvii
Dr. W. C. G. Kirchner: — Seven pamphlets on fossil
botany.
Dr. Edward S. Morse, Director of the Peabody Museum in
Salem, Mass. — A pamphlet entitled " A short Description
of Fossil Remains found in the State of Missouri", by Albert
Koch. Published in St. Louis in 1840.
Dr. Enno Sander: — Medical pamphlets and journals.
During the year the usual volumes were bound at a cost of
$48.85. Besides this, $250.00 of the legacy of Mr. M. L.
Gray were set aside by the Council for binding some of the
older and more valuable sets of publications. Accordingly
341 volumes were bound for $254.45.
It is hoped that the Council will see its way clear to make
a similar appropriation for the year 1907, as the only way to
properly preserve books not only on the shelves but in hand-
ling is to have them bound. If some of our valuable series
o
are to be saved to future generations, they must be bound
without delay as they will be beyond redemption in a short
while. As they are now the volumes are unavoidably sub-
jected to rough handling by readers, which only accelerates
their gradual ruin. Another year should not be allowed to
pass without steps being taken looking towards the elimination
of this condition. Irreparable loss is gaining headway, and
that which might be avoided is accumulating, carrying with
it great expense which could be obviated by immediate atten-
tion.
In exchange for our Transactions we are receiving the
publications of a great many institutions of learning through-
out the world. In this way we are acquiring daily important
additions to our Library, but I desire to again emphasize the
lack of proper reference facilities. Our greatest need at
present is books relating to the various branches of science.
Without access to the literature of any scientific sub-
ject it is impossible for an investigator to proceed with his
investigation or to obtain satisfactory results. It is very
desirable that a sum of money be appropriated for this pur-
pose annually.
During the year the systematic cataloging and indexing of
our Library was begun.
cxxviii Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Early in the year the Missouri Botanical Garden under-
took the compilation of a list of the scientific periodicals to
be found in the various libraries in St. Louis. The Academy
joined in this undertaking as far as it was possible to do so.
The value of such a list — the need of which has been felt for
along time — cannot be overestimated. By having such a list,
showing where books may be consulted, the labors of the
scientific workers of this great center will be greatly facilitated.
It is hoped that there will be active co-operation among the
libraries of this city in furnishing students with information
as to the location of works which may be of special interest.
Co-operation in making the literary treasures of a community
available will do much towards advancing the interests of those
laboring in the various fields of science.
RKCEIPrS AND EXPENDITURES OF THK MUSEUM AND LIBRARY FOR THiS
YEAR 1906.
Expenses.
Postage $162 48
Binding 48 85
Books purchased 8 03
Express, freight and drayage 15 01
Insect cases 5 00
Miscellaneous 7148 $310 85
Beeeipts.
Cash from Treasurer $233 U
" " Transactions 75 53
" on liand Jan. 1, 1906 8 70 $309 36
Balance due $L 49
The Curators reported as follows: —
Gentlemen: As Curators of tlie Academy of Science of St. Louis we
beg to submit the following report on the condition of the Museum for the
year 1906.
During the year donations to the Museum were received from; —
Academic Internationale de Geographie Botanique du Mans: — A medal
conferred upon the Academy in commemoration of the Golden Jubilee,
Julian Bagby: — An Indian stone club found fifteen miles south of New
Haven, Mo.
Dr. E. A. Gammon of Toronto, Canada: — A series of fossil brachiopod i
from a new locality recently unearthed at Water Works Knob in Columbia,
Tennessee.
Record. cxxix
Mr. H. W. Eliot : — An Alaskan stone club, a salmon killer, used by the
native fishermen of Alaska to kill salmon when caught, an Alaskan ad«e
from Sitka, an Indian medicine man's mortar and pestle from Kllnkman,
Alaska, a map of the coast of Alaska, and a stone adze dug up on a clay
field in 1879 at Grand and Chouteau Avenues in this city.
Ewald Iron Co. : — A large specimen of iron ore from Pilot Knob, Mo.
Mrs. Edwin Harrison: — Portraits of Mr. Edwin Harrison, late Presi-
dent of the Academy, Dr. Wm. M. McPheeters, one of the founders of the
Academy, and Prof. Louis Agassiz.
Judge Warwick Hough : — A Conularia from Carthage, Mo.
Mr. Julius Hurter: — A bird {Eurystomus orientalis) from the Philippine
Islands.
Mr. August Remmert: — An Indian club and minerals from Leslie,
Franklin Co., Mo.
Societe des Sieaces Physiques et Naturelles de Bordeaux: — A medal
struck iu commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of
that Society.
Dr. Chas. D. Stevens: — A photograph of a Colorado Mountain sheep.
Dr. H. M. Whelpley: — A slab of Dendrites from Lycns, Colorado.
The most pressing need of the Museum is the means with which to pro-
cure cases for the exhibition of the collections we already possess. The
time has come when the question of furnishing the Museum and of install-
ing the exhibits properly becomes a matter of great importance. Cabinets
suitable for displaying specimens must be provided. They should be made
practically dust proof of plate glass and metal or hard wood, and should be
adapted in every instance to the peculiar character of the collections which
are to be displayed. We desire to urge upon the members of the Academy
the vital importance of securing these pressing necessities. We hope that
this matter will receive the consideration which it deserves to have be-
stowed upon it. Cases are as necessary in a museum as shelves in a
library.
As the treasures of science accumulate the treasure house is more and
more resorted lo, not merely by the curious, who come to gratify the taste
which all men possess for the strange and wonderful, but by those who are
engaged in mastering the mysteries of nature and who, by their efforts,
are adding to the store of human knowledge. Collections should not
only be accessible to the public but should be arranged and supplied with
descriptions, guides and references to the books in the Library. Every
specimen in a museum should be labeled in such a way that every visitor,
who comes to the museum for knowledge and improvement, may gain all
the information the museum and library afford.
Our present collections are only the nuceleus of the permanent museum,
the re-establishment of which was auspiciously inaugurated upon our re-
moval to our own home. Its maintenance and growth will depend mainly
upon the financial support and material encouragement it will receive from
the members of the Academy and from public-spirited citizens. But the
time may come and let us hope it is not too far distant, when the Academy
will be so liberally endowed that it can procure all these necessary things,
and be in a position to extend far beyond its present, bounds and to assume
a wider scope of great usefulness.
Jul 26 VJO€
Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOL. XVI. NO. 1.
CELEBKATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE FIRST MEETING.
Issued, July 23, 1906.
PUBLICATIONS.
The fotfowing publications of tiie Academy aie offered for sale at the
net prices indicated. Applicaiions should be addressed to The Librarian,
The Academy of Science of St. Louis, 3817 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo.
TRANSACTIONS (in
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3, 6, 7, 8, 11
10 cte.
25 cts. each.
40 cts.
oO cts. each.
3.76
3.60
lit
2,3
5-8, 10, 11
1
4
9
15 cts. each.
25 cts. each.
46 cts.
76 cts.
1.00
3.76
i
3.50
12t
1,9,10
5
3,8
2, 4, 6, 7
25 cts. each,
35 cts.
45 cts. each.
50 cts. each.
3.75
3.50
13t
2, 3, 5-9
4
1
25 cts, each.
75 cts.
1.50
3.75
3.50
14t
2,3.6,7
4; 8
5
1
25 cts. each.
60 cts.
76 cts.
fl.OO
8.75
3.50
16t
1, 3,
4, 5, 6
2
25 Gts. each.
50 cts. each.
#1.50
3.50 3.25
MZMOIES (in qnarto) .
Contributions to tae archaeology of Missouri, by the Archaeological Section. Parti.
Pottery. 1880. $2.00.
The total eclipse ol the sun, January 1, 1889. A report of the observations made by the
Washington University Eclipse Party, at Norman, California. 1§91. $2.00.
* Supply exhausted.
1 Can be sold only to purchasers of the entire volume, — so far as this «an be
supplied. *
I Each number Is a brochure containing one complete paper (or rarely two) .
iuR c \n^
\H^
Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOL. XVI. XO. 2.
[No. 1, soon to appear, contains report ol 50th anniversary.]
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSKS FROM
THE VICINITY OF ALPENA, MICHIGAN.
FRANK COLLINS BAKER.
Issved, May 21, 1906.
iUM t m^
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSKS FROM
THE VICINITY OF ALPENA, MICHIGAN.*
Frank Collins Baker.
Some twenty-five years ago Dr. William A. Nason, of Al-
gonquin, Illinois, made a large and somewhat exhaustive col-
lection of the Mollusca which inhabit the vicinity of Alpena,
Michigan. Unlike many collectors of that day (and later
days, too, for that matter) he kept the different localities
separate and preserved much interesting and valuable data.
Dr. Nason has very kindly allowed the writer to make a care-
ful study of the collection and on account of its completeness
and exactness it has been thouo^ht that a catalogue of the col-
lection, with notes, would be of considerable value to those
who might have occasion to work up material from this
region which might not be as abundant as the material now
in hand.
Of the 48 species and varieties in the collection, 9 are
land shells and 39 are fluviatile forms. This shows a very
large preponderence of fluviatile over terrestrial species.
The fresh water pulmonates comprise 75 per cent. (26 species
and varieties) of the fluviatile forms; Lymnaea is represented
by 10 and Physa by 8 species and varieties. The bivalves
seem to be few in number, both as to species and individuals,
and the tenobranchiates (Goniobasis, Amnicola, etc.) are
but poorly represented. There are many interesting varia-
tions among the L^'mnaeas and Fhysas, these variations being
due, in part at least, to the various environments in which
the different colonies lived.
The locality is situated in an interesting part of the
country, the northern lakes, Superior and Huron, seeming to
form particularly favorable environments for producing pecu-
liar and characteristic forms of mollusks. The heavy, light-
* Presented by title to the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Jan. 15, 1906.
(1)
2 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
horn colored shells seem characteristic of these northern
waters.
Dr. Nason has furnished the following notes on the
particular habitats or environments where shells were col-
lected. " Thunder Bay Island is one mile east of the north
point of Thunder Bay. Here I found the shells in pools of
water in ledges of limestone which are accessible to the waves
of the lakes during storms or high water. Sugar Island is a
low island between Thunder Bay Island and the main land, a
little to the north. Following westwardly the north shore of
Thunder Bay, Whitelish Point is about half way to the city
of Alpena. Isaacson's farm includes a small creek which
empties into Thunder Bay between Whitefish Point and the
city of Alpena, about one mile inland. Thunder Bay River
(Ox Bow) is about two miles from the mouth of the river,
northwest of the city. Stony Point is about two miles south
of the mouth of the river on the shore of the bay and is a low
limestone beach.
" Sulphur Island is a small, low island near the southern
point of Thunder Bay, about eight miles from the city of
Alpena. Long Lake is about twelve or fifteen miles north of
Alpena and its shores are mainly limestone rocks and low
bluffs, except at the outlet of the creek which flows into
Thunder Bay River. The shells were mainly collected on a
broad, sandy beach about the outlet, and in from six inches
to a foot of water.
" The change of localities gave the shells a difference in
development which is very interesting. The contrast between
the solid forms of Thunder Bay Island, where the waves and
cool water of Lake Huron was almost daily forced into the
pools where the shells developed; and the still, swampy pool
where the Sugar Island Lymnaeas lived, where the shores
were low, but protected from the rough storms of the lake,
give a hint of conditions very interesting, biologically."
The collection bears out all that Dr. Nason has said con-
cerning the biologic features, and a study of the material
from a biometric standpoint would undoubtedly yield some
very interesting results.
Baker — Notes on a Collection of Mollusks. 3
My thanks are due to Mr. Frank M. Woodruff, of the
Chicago Academy of Sciences, for preparing the photographs
for the plate which accompanies this paper, to Mr. Bryant
Walker, Detroit, Mich., for identifying several species, and
to Dr. Nason for the privilege of studying the collection.
Systematic Catalogue of Species.
Class PELECYPODA.
Order PRIONODESMACEA.
Family Unionidae.
Lampsilis luteola Lamarck.
Thunder Bay ; Stony Point, Thunder Bay ; Long Lake.
The specimens are yellowish and very thin from Long
Lake, but those from Thunder Bay are very large and heavy,
similar to those from Lake Michigan, showing admirably the
effect of rough, cold water.
Strophitus edentulus Say.
Thunder Bay Eiver ; Ox Bow. Very thin (for the species)
and much enlarg-ed behind the umbones.
Anodonta grandis footiana Lea.
Long Lake; Stony Point; Thunder Bay.
This species exhibits the same variation in its two habitats
as does luteola. The Thunder Bay specimens are large and
heavy, with inflated shell and pronounced uniboues. Those
from Long Lake are thinner and very variable in form.
Alasmidonta marginata Say.
Thunder Bay Eiver ; Ox Bow.
Order TELEODESMACEA.
Family Sphaeriidae.
Sphaerium vermontanum Prime.
Long Lake.
Not as solid as specimens from Lake Michigan.
4 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Sphaerium fabale Prime.
Off Thunder Bay Island, in 30 fathoms.
The specimens are rather thin and fragile. The urabones
are a little more elevated than in typical specimens.
Class GASTROPODA.
Superorder Streptoiieura.
Order CTENOBRANCHIATA.
Family Viviparidae.
Campeloma milesii Lea.
Long Lake.
The specimens seem to be quite typical, as figured and
described by Walker, Nautilus, XVI, p. 121, 1903.
Campeloma rufum Haldenian.
Ox Bow; Thunder Bay River.
Family Valvatidae.
Valvata sincera Say.
Alpena.
Valvata tricarinata Say.
Alpena.
Only the typical form of this species was collected.
Family Amnicolidae.
Amnicola cincinnatiensis Anthony.
Alpena.
Family Pleuroceridae.
GoNioBASis LivESCENS Mcuke.
Trowbridge's Dock, Alpena.
Goniobasis livescexs cuspid atus Anthony.
Thunder Bay River.
The specimens are very uniform and the variety seems
quite distinguishable from livescens.
Baker — Notes on a Collection of Mollusks. 6
Super order Eutbyneura.
Order PULMONATA,
Suborder Basommatophora.
Family Physidae.
The collection of Physa and Lynmaea made by Dr. Nason
is exceptionally fine. The first-named genus is represented
by a large number of specimens and embraces some eight
species and varieties. This genus is in a bad state of chaos,
hardly any two authors agreeing as to what limits shall be
assigned to the different species. The various species are
but little understood by the majority of conchologists, most
of the species being lumped under heterostropha and gyriua.
As a matter of fact the Physae may be, for the most part,
easily distinguished when carefully and intelligently studied.
They are much less variable than the Lymnaeas, the specific
limits being easier to determine. Such characteristics as the
form of the aperture and outer lip, the spire (acute or dome-
shaped), sculpture, and the presence of various bands mark-
ing rest periods, are valuable points in the separation of the
species.
A careful study of the genus Physa, founded on abundant
material from widely separate points, would do much to un-
tangle this interesting group of shells. Mr. O. A. Crandall
made a splendid beginning in the Nautilus (volume XV), but
he was not permitted to finish the work so well begun, his
death having occurred just as the last part of his paper was
published. It remains for some careful student to take up
the work where he left it and prepare an illustrated mono-
graph of the " tadpole " snails.
The following notes are based on an abundance of material
and may aid to some extent in straightening out the northern
species.
Aplexa hypnorum Linne.
Stony Point.
6 Tram. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Physa gyrina Say.
Stony Point; Sulphur Island; Isaacson's farm; Thunder
Bay Island; Thunder Bay River.
Specimens from the last locality are small and shining and
are very smooth for the species. Ox Bow specimens rather
thin. Suo-ar Island ; some specimens approach variety oleacea,
having more of a dome-shaped spire. A few specimens are
very like Tryon's figure of aurea in Haldeman's monograph.
Gvrina and its varieties may be known by their looped-shaped
aperture and obtuse, more or less dome-shaped spire. Close
attention to these two points will greatly aid in their determi-
nation. The surface sculpture is also very pronounced, con-
sisting of very strong spiral impressed lines, giving the
surface a wavy aspect.
PlIYSA GYRINA OLEACEA Tryon.
Thunder Bay Island; Squaw Island (large and shining);
Thunder Bay River, Ox Bow; Sugar Island.
Oleacea is distinguished from gyrina by having a low,
dome-shaped spire which forms an almost unbroken curved
line from the spire to the base of the aperture. In the writer's
report on the Mollusca of the Chicago Area this variety was
called elliptica ; the form thus designated should be called
oleacea, as elliptica appears to be a valid species. On plate
34 of that report the extreme upper left hand figure of 4 is
typical gyrina, while the two right hand figures of 5 are
typical oleacea. It is with some hesitancy that the specimens
under consideration are referred to oleacea . They are wider
than the typical oleacea (as defined by Crandall), the outer
lip is more convex and the sculpture is not as coarse. They
have several characteristics in common with aurea Lea. The
above disposition seems to be the best until more is known
concerning some of the ambiguous synonyms.
Physa heterostropha Say.
Thunder Bay River; Long Lake: Trowbridge's dock,
Alpena.
Specimens from the first-named locality are very large,
with elevated spire and smooth, shining surface. A few
Baker — Notes on a Collection of Moll asks. 7
specimens have a low spire. Specimens from Alpena are
small, verj/ smooth and shining.
This species is made to bear the sins of the whole Physa
family, many conchologists placing everything from gyrina
to ancillaria in it. It is, however, a very distinct species,
easily recognized by its smooth, glossij shell, oval aperture
and regular, pointed spire. It may also be known by the
absence of the various rest periods, the growth being com-
pleted in one year, while gyrina occupies three years in com-
pleting its growth. It is not as common as most of the other
northern Physae.
Physa ancillaria crassa Walker.
{PI. I. Figs. 7, 8,9, 10).
Long Lake; Thunder Bay Island.
This very distinct variety seems to be the most abundant
Physa in the region under consideration, about 150 specimens
being in,the collection. It is easily known by its heavy/ sheW,
extremely short spire, shouldered whorls and the two or three
heavy, white, varicose bands which show through the shell.
Typical specimens measure as follows :
Length 13.00; width 8.00; aperture len2;th 10.00; width 4.30 mill.
" 13.00; <' 8.00; " " 9. CO; " 4.25 "
Mr. Walker's description in the Nautilus XIV, p. 98,
1901, will readily distinguish this variety which seems to take
the place of typical ancillaria in this region.
Another form occurs with variety crassa (figs. 9, 10),
which is referred to it by Mr. Walker, but which differs from
that form in several respects, apparently standing between
ancillaria and crassa and resembling in a measure, Physa
sayii Tappan. The spire is acute and somewhat elevated, the
whorls are gracefully rounded and there is no evidence of a
shoulder. The shell is thick and solid and the varicose ribs
of crassa are present. Specimens measure as follows :
Length 14.00; width 8. CO; aperture length 10.00; width 4.25 mill.
<■' 12.75; '< 8.50; " " 9.00; " 4.00 "
<« 16.00; " 9.50; " " 12.00; " 5.00 "
8 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Physa grand alli Baker.
Phtsa RHOMBOiDEA Crandal 1901 (non Mecha Hayden, 1856).
Long Lake.
One semi-fossil specimen. It is with some hesitancy that
I identify this specimen with rhomboidea, but no other way
seems permissible, as it corresponds with both the figures and
description of the species in the Nautilus. (XV, p. 44, plate
2, figs. 6, 7, 1901.) The species is normally southern in
distribution, the types being from Sedalia, Missouri. The
specimen agrees very well with an undoubted specimen from
Knox County, Indiana, collected by Mr. L. E. Daniels. The
specimen in question has the same peculiar columella, umbi-
licus, impressed sutures and somewhat gibbous whorls. It is
a little wider than the figures of rhomboidea in the Nautilus
and the spire is a trifle more depressed. The measurements
for this individual are as follows :
Length 14.50; width 8.50; aperture length 9.00; width 5.00 mill.
Physa anatina Lea.
Isaacson's farm.
This species is most frequently confounded with gyrina.
The difference is principally in the shape of the aperture,
which in gyrina is distinctly loop-shaped while in anatina it is
triangularly elongate ovate. The spire in anatina is also more
pointed. A few deformed specimens of anatina had the
aperture somewhat loop-shaped, as in gyrina. A typical
specimen of anatina measures as follows :
Length 15.00; width 9.00; aperture length 10.00; width 4.00 mill.
Physa Integra Haldemau.
Long Lake ; Ox Bow ; Thunder Bay Kiver.
The specimens of Integra are of good size and are typical
in form.
Physa walkeri Crandall.
PI. I., figs. 5, 6 (Nautilus XV, p. 57, pi. 2, fig. 5. 1901.)
Typical specimens of this quite distinct species were col-
lected on Isaacson's farm. They vary in the elevation and
BnJcer — Notes on a Collection of Mollusks. 9
acuteness of the spire and in the length and width of the
shell. It is a triannuan, the three rest periods showing as
white varicose bands. Walkeri is related to Integra but has
a longer spire and less rotund whorls. Some characteristic
measurements are as follows :
Length 11.00; width 7.00; aperture length 7.50; width 3.50 mill.
" -11.00; " 6.00; '« " 6.50; " 3.00 "
" 11.00; " 6.50; " •' 6.50; '< 3.00 "
Walkeri was described from specimens collected at
Petoskey, Michigan.
Family Lymnaeidae.
Segmentina aemigera Say.
Stony Point; Sugar Island. Very common.
Planorbis binneyi Try on.
Sulphur Island; Thunder Bay River; Mill pond, Alpena.
This large, course species is widely distributed, ranging
from New York to Washington. It has a superficial resem-
blance to Planorbis corpulentus, but lacks the peculiar trun-
cation of the spire whorls and the angular shoulder of the
whorls, besides having other differences. Binneyi is also
abundant in the St. Lawrence River, at Wellesley Island.
Planorbis bicarinatus Say.
Ox Bow; Alpena. Typical and common.
Planorbis bicarinatus striatus Baker. PL I., tig. 11.
Long Lake.
About 50 specimens of this variety are before me. The
spiral lines are notably distinct, much more so than the fossil
type specimens from the Pleistocene deposits at Milwaukee,
Wisconsin. In some specimens the spiral lines are deeply
incised. The uniformity of the present material and the
general absence of spiral lines on typical bicarinatus from
this locality, would seem to indicate that striatus is a good
10 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
variety. The lines are very distinct on young shells. Typical
specimens measure as follows :
Diameter 12.00; height 6,50 mill.
" 11.00; " 6.00 "
f« 12.00; " 6.50 "
Planorbis campanulatus Say.
Long Lake. Common and typical.
Planorbis parvus Say.
Alpena. Common.
Planorbis deflectus Say.
Long Lake, apparently rare; Alpena, common.
Lymnaea stagnalis appressa Say.
Long Lake. One specimen is very long and narrow.
Lymnaea stagnalis jugularis Say.
Alpena. Fairly common.
Lymnaea palustris Miiller.
(1) Thunder Bay Island; (2) Stony Point; (3) Sugar
Island; (4) Sulphur Island ; (5) Long Lake; (6) Whitefish
Point; (7) Isaacson's farm.
The series of palustris, embracing several hundred speci-
mens, is a very interesting lot of shells, showing as it does
the effect of different environments. The specimens from
(1) are very variable with heavy, thick shell, and lip margins
joined by a heavy raised callus covering the parietal wall.
This callus is sometimes erect, as in emarginata. The spire
is long, sometimes scalariform, and the shell corresponds
closely to the form described by Say as elodes. The speci-
mens from this locality exhibit admirably the effect of the
heavy seas of Lake Huron.
Specimens from Whitefish Point are thinner and the spire
is not so pointed. They are, however, subject to great dis-
tortion ; in many cases the entire aperture is free from the
body whorl and the suture is frequently channelled for quite
a distance on the last whorl. Some specimens are slender
Baker — Notes on a Collection of MoUusks. 11
and scalariform, while others are fat, with a short spire, but
all are distorted, more or less. They Eeiniud one of catas-
copium from Pine Lake, Charlevoix, Michigan. Two charac-
teristic measurements of palustris from this locality are given
below :
Length 20.50; widli7.50; aperture length 8.00 ; width 5.00 mill.
" 15.50; " 8.00; " " 9.00; " 5.00 "
Locality (2) produces a thinner shelled palustris which
varies toward the corpulent nuttalliana form. Some speci-
mens are heavily shouldered, while others are rather long and
narrow. The aperture is sometimes spreading and an um-
bilicus is not infrequently developed. Some measurements
of this form are given below :
Lengli 23.00; width 9.00 mill.
" 22.50; " 11.50 "
«' 21.00; " 10.00 "
" 18.00; '' 9.00 "
" 23.00; •' 11.00 "
At locality (7) the specimens are rather thin, light-horn
colored, with very heavy columellar fold. The specimens
from locality (5) are small and very solid, scalariform, with a
V ery heavy columellar pleit.
A single reversed specimen was in the lot from Stony
Point. It consi.sts of four whorls and measures 9.50 mill,
in length.
Lymnaea palustris nuttalliana Lea.
Sugar Island; Sulphur Island ; Long Lake.
It is a question whether nuttalliana can be varietally sepa-
rated from palustris. In the lot of shells from Sugar Island
there is an almost perfect gradation from typical palustris to
nuttalliana. Typical nuttalliana differs from palustris in its
larger size, more corpulent and swollen whorls, shorter spire
and very heavy columellar plait. The shells from this locality
are strong; but lio;ht. Monstrosities occur on the last whorl,
one specimen having a blind umbilicus. Many of the speci-
mens are strongly malleated. Some measurements of this
variable form are given below :
12 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Length 32.00; width 12.50 mill.
'< 28.50; " 12.00 "
" 30.00; " 13.00 "
" 25.00; " 13.00 "
" 17.00; " 8.50 "
Lymnaea PALU8TRIS MicHiGANENsis Walker.
Stony Point; Thunder Bay.
Siuiill, but typical; a.s.sociated with pahistris.
Lymnaea emarginata Say.
Squaw Ishiiid. Apparently rare.
Lymnaea Catascopium Say.
Fl. I, figs. 13,14, 15, 16.
Trowbridge dock, Alpena.
Several juvenile specimens seem referable to this species,
although differing in some respects, and several are figured
for future reference.
Lymnaea nasoni n. sp.
PI. I, figs. 1,2, 3,4.
Shell rather small, roundly inflated, solid; whorls four,
rounded, inflated, last whorl very large and bulbous ; color
whitish, tinged with purple; surface dull, marked by rather
coarse growth lines crossed by fine impressed spiral lines ;
apex small, rounded, smooth, dark brown in color; spire
very short, depressed, one-third the length of the shell;
sutures well impressed; aperture broadly ovate, almost round
in some specimens; outer lip somewhat expanded, thickened
internally by a callus; columella with the plait and twist of
catascopium; the columellar callus is rather heavy in the
columella region but thin where it covers the parietal wall; a
small umbilical chink is present.
Length 10.00; width 6.75; aperture length 7.00
" 10.50; " 6.75; " " 7.00
" 9.50; " 6.00; " " 7.00
" 8.50; " 6 00; " " 6.25
width 5.00 mill.
<' 4.25 "
" 5.00 "
♦' 4.00 "
Habitat: — Thunder Bay Island.
Nasoni was at first thought to be a variety of catascopium
but it seems di.stinct enough to be accorded specific rank.
BaTctr — Notes on a Collection of Mollusks. 13
Its chief characteristics are its bulbous, short, dome-shaped
spire and wide-spreading aperture. The specimens seem
adult, as the outer lip is thickened internally in several
specimens.
A large, bulbous form of catascopium is found in Lake
Superior (collection of J. H. Ferriss) but the individuals are
not constant, a lot of ten specimens showing every gradation
from typical catascopium to the rounded form. They are
also more fragile and the aperture does not spread in the
same manner as nasoni. Typical bulbous forms measure
13x9 mill. Some catascopium from Pine Lake, Charlevoix,
Michigan, (collection Bryant Walker) have a rather short spire
but they are of a different shape; the charlevoix specimens
are very variable. L. woodruffi Baker is differently shaped
and a typical figure is given for comparison. The types of
Nasoni are in the collection of the Chicago Academy of
Sciences and cbtypes are in the collections of Dr. William
A. Nason and Mr. Bryant Walker.
Lymnaea desidiosa Say.
The specimens of desidiosa vary somewhat in size. The
localities and avera2:e lensfths are as follows :
Ox Bow, 6-8 mill.
Whitefish Point, 10-11 mill.
Long Lake, 10 mill. Very smooth shells.
Sulphur Island. Varies toward variety modicella.
Lymnaea galbana Say.
Long Lake.
Galbana is one of the most uniform of American Lymnaeas
and is a common shell from Maine to Michigan. Its wide
shell, short spire and somewhat rounded aperture will dis-
tinguish it from desidiosa and its varieties.
14 Traris. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Suborder Stylommatophora.
HETERUEETHRA.
Family Succineidae.
SucciNEA RETUSA Lea.
Sulphur Island; Sugar Island (large); Thunder Bay
Island (small); Ox Bow.
Retusa varies much in the acuteness of its spire. Speci-
mens from Ox Bow are white in color and very transparent.
It is frequently identified as higgiusi.
SucciNEA AVARA Say.
Considerable variation is exhibited by this species in the
matter of size and shape. The following variations occur:
Sulphur Island. Small, long and narrow- 8 mill.
Thunder Bay. Small, with short spire and wide body
whorl 7 mill.
Sugar Island. Large and small specimens mixed.
Ox Bow. Very large, rather narrow. 12 mill.
Isaacson's farm. One specimen.
Family Helicidae.
POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS Say.
Sulphur Island ; Thunder Bay Island ; Alpena.
Some specimens are rather depressed and very thin. One
specimen is provided with two projecting, triangular, tooth-
like processes, caused by the repairing of a break in the shell;
one is over the periphery and projects about two millimeters.
POLYGYRA MONODON Rackett.
Sugar Island. Common.
POLYGYRA MONODON FRATERNA Say.
Alpena; Sulphur Island ; Thunder Bay Island. Common.
Family Zonitidae.
EucoNULUS ruLvus Miiller.
Thunder Bay Island; Sugar Island. Typical.
Baker — Notes on a Collection of Mollusks. 15
ZONITOIDES ARBOREUS Say.
Alpena. Common and typical.
ZoNiToiDES NiTiDus MiiUer.
Thunder Bay Island (very large); Sugar Island. Com-
mon.
Family Endodontidae.
Pyramidula alternata Say.
Sugar Island; Sulphur Island.
Specimens from the first-named locality are very light
colored, the red flames being faint and much broken. The
spire of many specimens is very high, an average individual
measuring 17 mill, in diameter and 11.50 mill, in height.
Specimens from Sulphur Island have a diameter of 22.00
millimeters.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Plate 1.
Lymnaea nasoni Baker. Types.
Physa loalkeri Crandall.
Physa ancellaria crassa. Walker.
Physa ancellaria crassa. Walker. Variety.
Planorbis bicarinatus striatus. Baker.
Lymnaea xooodniffi. Baker.
Lymnaea catascopium Say. Variety.
Lymnaea catascopium Say. Variety.
All figures enlarged three diameters.
Issued, May 21, 1906.
F;
igure 1-4.
5-6.
7-8.
9-10.
11.
12.
13-14.
15-16.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOL.. XVI. No. 3.
ON PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN A FLUID
STREAM.
FRANCIS E. NIPHER.
Issued May SI, 1906.
JUN 8 i90i
ON PKESSUEE MEASUREMENTS IN A FLUID
STREAM.*
Francis E. Nipher.
The earlier measurements of wind pressure were made with
pressure boards, in which the total force against the boards
was measured by means of springs. In some cases the board
was moved through the air on a rotating arm. Similar ex-
periments have been made with the board immersed in water.
In all of this work, the information is of little or no value
in the study of wind pressures over buildings or other struc-
tures. For example, in case of wind pressures in the angle of
a building where the wind is practically checked, a pressure
board would show no result. The pressures on the front and
back sides of the board would be practically equal. And the
distribution of pressures over such a board in free air is
wholly different from that over any building when exposed in
the same current of air.
The Pitot tube has also been used for wind pressure de-
terminations. In this device the rarefaction which exists on
the leeward side of the pressure-board is wholly eliminated.
The results obtained by the Pitot tube are therefore very
different from those obtained from pressure boards.
When a Pitot tube is placed with its open end exposed
normally to an air current, the pressure thereby developed
within the tube is that which would result from the slowing
down of the wind to zero velocity. It is the pressure that
would develop in the angle of a building, if still air in con-
tact with the building could not escape over the roof, but
were under compression by the stream of air surging against
it. Such a consideration is not in general realized on the
surface of a building. The air under pressure is not wholly
checked.
* Presented by title to The Academy of Science of St. Louis, May 7, 1906.
(17)
18 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
In the Pitot tube the pressure developed is that to which
the velocity of the stream may be considered due. The
air current may be assumed to be an efflux from a great
tank, filled with air of density 6' to a height h above the
orifice. The pressure due to this column would be gh8'. The
velocity of efliux would be v^\/2gh. By the elimination
of h these two equations give Newton's formula for the
relation between pressure and velocity.
8' h
2'^ ~ 2CT'' •
In this equation the pressure is given in dynes per sq. cm,
V being in cm. per sec. O is the Boyle-Gay-Lussac constant
inC. G. S. units, which for air is 2.88 X 106. Tisthe absolute
temperature centigrade and 6 is the barometric pressure in
dynes per sq. cm. This barometric pressure is supposed to
be corrected for velocity effects due to the wind sweeping
against and through the shelter in which the barometer is
placed. These velocitj^ effects disturb all readings of pres-
sure indicators in a stream of air. The compression on the
windward side and the rarefaction on the leeward side of every
obstacle, whether that obstacle be a barometer case or the
building in which the barometer is shel'tered produce such
effects. Dr. Engelmann long ago (in 1861) called attention
to such fluctuations in the barometer reading due to rapidly
variable winds. (Trans. Acad, of Sc. of St. Louis II 153).
In addition the wind sweeping across openings leading into
the building or the barometer case, produces an atomizer
action causing a flow of air from the opening into the
moving stream. The air within a building is therefore both
compressed and rarefied by the wind blowing around it.
Different buildings behave very differently in this respect.
The result depends upon materials of construction and upon
the arrangement of windows and doors.
In a former paper * the writer has shown how all such
velocity effects may be eliminated. The disk collector there
* Trans. Acad, of Sc. of St. Louis VIII: 1.
Nipher — On Pressure Measurements in a Fluid Stream. 19
described and figured has been found effective for wind pres-
sure work. (pp. 4 and 9). For eliminating velocity effects
in small pipes through which air is being forced, it is desira-
ble to make the disk small. The leading in tube may also be
small, since the pressure is in such cases much more nearly
constant, than is the case in wind pressures against buildings.
In such cases it is better to place two circular disks of wire
cloth on each side of the disk, so that the collector shown in
the former paper is sandwiched between them. The arrange-
ment is then as shown in Fig. 1. The collector is now made
in this way for all purposes.
Fig, 1.
It is evident that in measuring wind velocities above the
top of a building, by means of a Pitot tube collector attached
to the wind-vane, the open end of the water gauge to which
the Pitot tube leads, must not be exposed to the stream
of air which is being measured, nor must it communicate
with the air within the building around which the wind
sweeps. It must be connected with a disk-collector (Fig. 1)
placed far above the building, and standing edgewise in the
wind. The plane of the disk is to be horizontal.
These complications caused the writer to seek some
method of verifying Newton's equation in which the Pitot
tube itself was moved through the air. One such method
has been described in a former paper.* That method in-
volved the exposure of the tube from the window of a rail-
way car, having its windows opened.
* Trans. Acad, of Sc. of St. Loui?. X: 215-227.
20 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
In 1894 the writer made an attempt to verify Newton's
formula by rotating a Pitot tube around the shaft of a steam
engine. A pipe about six feet in length was clamped to the
rim of the driving wheel. The outer ends terminated in Z- s
which faced in the direction of motion. A T tube at the
axis was joined by a flexible connection with a light drum in
a water joint, so that the axial pressure could be transmitted
to and measured with a water gauge. It was of course ex-
pected that the axial pressure would be less than ^ S'v"^ on
account of the rotation. It was however found that the
axial pressure was less than that of the atmosphere. The
decrease of pressure at the axis, due to rotation was appar-
ently greater than the increase due to the wind blowing into
the mouths of the Pitot tubes. It was also found that part
of this was due to a vortex motion set up in the air by the
engine wheel.
A discussion of the theory of this experiment was then
begun and has been continued at intervals up to the present
time.
Suppose the tube to be closed at the ends and at the axis,
thus imprisoning a column of air whose length measured
from the axis of rotation is r. The pressure 6 and terppera-
ture T may be assumed to be that of the atmosphere. By
the law of gases
If the tube be rotated with an angular velocity o) = 2'7rn,
the pressure will no longer be constant throughout the tube.
For constant values of n we may suppose the temperature to
become constant throughout. At any distance r from the
axis, the density is
An element of gas in a column of unit cross section at any
distance r is
S'
Nipher — On Pressure Measurements in a Fluid Stream. 21
The radial acceleration of dm towards the center is
a = Q)h\
Then
Hence
8'
dP = aMr = coV j(b-hP) dr.
or
ft)-r-
b + F YCT (1)
h+P'
The mass m of air in the column of length r is
Jr 8' r» r
8dr = -J' {b + P)dr
0 Jo
Combining this equation with (1) by the elimination of P,
we have for any constant angular velocity,
6 + P' ^•
Jr c
0^'
In this equation the integral in the denominator was de-
termined by planimeter measurements between limits r = 0
and r = 100 cm, this outer limit being taken as the value of r
in the numerator. The temperature T was assumed 293.
The number of rotations per second was assumed n = 10, in
which case ^pTp = 2.339 X 10 .
The integration was repeated with values r = 50 cm. and
71 = 20.
22 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
The result of the two determinations was
6+P' 100
b "100.7855
b+P' _ 50
~6 ~ 50,3945
= 0.99221
= 0.99217.
It thus appears that doubling the angular velocity of the
tube does not affect the pressure at the axis of rotation, if
the linear velocity of the free end is held unchanged by
reducins the leno;th to one-half its former lens-th. This of
course also means that the pressure P at the outer end is
also unchanged under the same conditions. Eq. (1).
In integrating the function contained in the denominator
of (2), the rectangular area whose length is in the one
case ?• = 50, and in the other 100, and whose breadth is
2,.2
2C i /= 1, could be left off from the diagram, since its
integral value was in the one case 50, and in the other 100.
The curve could thus be drawn upon a large scale. The area
actually measured was therefore that corresponding to the
two fractional values 0.7855 and 0.3945.
Nipher — On Pressure Measurements in a Fluid Stream. 23
A series of similar integrations was then made for a tube
of length r = 100 cm., for various speeds n. In the follow-
ing table the pressure at the axis of rotation in terms of the
pressure b throughout the tube when w = 0, is given in
column 3. In the fourth column the pressure at the outer
end where ?'=100, is given. These values are computed
from those in column (3) by means of equation (1).
an
6 + P'
b + P
n
V —
sec
b
b
0
0
1.0000
1.0000
10
6283
0.9922
1.0160
20
12566
0.9689
1.0640
30
18850
0.9300
1.1476
40
25132
0.8775
1.2753
50
31416
0.8096
1.4529
60
37699
0.7324
1.6999
70
43982
0.6396
2.0121
80
50265
0.5456
2.3717
90
56549
0.4445
2.9568
100
62832
0.3509
3.6388
After some experimenting, it was fouad that the values in
column 3 may be represented fairly well by the following
empirical equation
b + P'
1 +e«
(3)
Where a is a constant quantity, to be hereafter discussed,
and v=^ci r, the velocity of the outer end of the tube.
24
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
The value of a for each speed in the previous table is given
in column 2 of the following table for a temperature T= 293.
dife
0
y
1.0000
0.0000
10
3.944 X 10
0.9923
— 0.0001
20
3.940 "
0.9691
— 0.0002
30
3.946 "
0.9306
— 0.0006
40
3.899 "
0.8770
+ 0.0005
50
3.906 "
0.8092
+ 0.0004
60
3.888 "
0.7288
+ 0.0017
70
3.902 "
0.6386
+ 0.0010
80
3.880 "
0.5423
+ 0.0033
90
3.917
0.4448
— 0.0003
100
3.920 "
0.3516
— 0.0007
Mean
3.914 X lO'"
The mean value of a in the table being put in Eq. (3), the
pressure at the axis may be computed. These values are
given in column 3. The differences between these computed
values and those of the previous table are given in the final
column.
If the value a in (3) be assumed a = .^ ^ rp > the value of K
is found to be 0.6606.
Nipher — On Pressure Measurements in a Fluid Stream. 25
The same determinations were then made for a temperature
7^=: 273. The results are siven in the followins; table:
f) + P'
b
n
a
diff
obs
calc
0
?
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
10
4.220X10
0.9917
0.9917
0.0000
20
4.202 "
0.9968
0.9969
— 0.0001
30
4.211 "
0.9253
0.9255
— 0.0002
40
4.217 "
0.8676
0.8681
— 0.0005
50
4.216 "
0.7949
0.7957
— 0.0008
60
4.168 "
0.7122
0.7101
+ 0.0021
70
4.159 "
0.6181
0.6147
+ 0.0034
80
4.180 '^
0.5161
0.5142
+ 0.0019
90
4.205 "
0.4135
0.4141
— 0.0006
100
4.225 "
0.3174
0.3200
— 0.0026
Mean
-10
4.200X10
A sen
miner this valnp
n-f n fn Ko // tlic
vnliiA r>f Ti^ i«
found to be A"= 0.6605. This is a very close agreement
with the value for the temperature of 20° C.
26 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
It is of course understood that (3) is not the real solution
of (2) and that no closed solution of (2) is possible. Never-
theless in this range of velocity from 0 to 1406 miles per
hour, the greatest differences between the planimeter deter-
minations of (2) and the values computed from (3) are not
greater than the errors in the planimeter values. It is also
evident that by (3) the value of h-\- P' will become zero,
when V =ft)r = CO , which seems to be a reasonable result. In
order to test equation (3) for a wider range of temperature,
a planimeter determination of ( 2 ) was made for a temperature
t = lOO^C or T= 373. The case where n = 100 and r = 100
b + P'
was selected. The value of was found to be 0.4612.
h
The value computed from (3) is 0.4580, giving a difference
of + 0.0032.
If an opening be made in the tube at the axis of rotation,
the pressure there will rise from 6 + P' to 6. The pressure
at the outer end distant r from the axis may then be deter-
mined from (1) by making P' = 0 in that equation.
The pressure at the end caps in excess of the pressure b,
is when P'=0,
P YCT , ' (4)
This value may be represented by the following series : —
b^2 CT "^ 2.4C2T2"^ 271. 6.. ^i (CT)l ^^
For all values of v less than 5000 cm. per sec. (110 miles
per hour) the second and succeeding terms of (5) are small.
Assuming T= 293°, and v = 5000, the value of the first term
is, for air, 0.014, while the second is 0.000110. For such
velocities as occur in ordinary storms, Eq. (5) therefore
becomes
2 CT ^^ ~~2 ^'
This is identical with Newton's equation applied to the
NipJier — On Pressure Measurements in a Fluid Stream. '21
Pitot tube. This would indicate that for ordinary velocities,
if the caps on the ends of the tubes were replaced by short
L tubes with open ends turned in the direction of rotation,
ajoproximate equilibrium should result.
This was tested by means of a tube 2x92.5 cm. long, bal-
anced on its axis of rotation. It was clamped to the end of
a small pulley of an electric motor. The connection through
the water joint with the axis of a water column having a rise
of 1 in 20, gave a very sensitive indication of the pressure at
the axis. With a rotation of «=5 per second a decrease of
12 to 15 cm. in the scale reading was found. When a cur-
rent of air was allowed to drift across the plane of rotation
the decrease of pressure diminished to one or two cm. The
residual decrease in pressure was in part due to this current
of air drifting across the mouths of the tube, and in part to
the vortex of the air set up by the motion of the tube itself
which was not wholl}^ eliminated by the drift of air.
It is evident that such a method could not be used for the
purpose of determining the value of the constant for the
Pitot tube. It can only serve as a rough check on other
methods.
If Newton's equation be assumed to represent the pressure
into the open mouth of the revolving tube, when it is moving
with a velocity of v, the pressure shown by a gauge connected
at the axis of rotation should be by ( 1 ) .
The terms of this equation may be represented by the fol-
lowing series : —
'2CT
v"
~ ^ 20T'^ 2.4C'2T2 ~2.4.(5C'3T^ +
2CT
+
2CT^ ~~ 2CT~{2CT)^^ (2CTy
28 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Hence the first approximation to the pressure at the axis of
rotation is
P' 1 ?;4
b 2 4:C'T'
This is numerically equal to the second term in (5). If
the length of this rotating tube were r=:100 cm., the speed
being five revolutions per sec, and the temperature were
20°C, the value of P' should be — 0.0176 grammes per sq.
cm. The pressure actually observed was somewhat over
twice this amount as has been previously explained.
It is evident that if the open end of the L tube were so
directed that its axis makes an angle a with the plane of
rotation, the compression effect would be decreased. The
rarefaction P' at the axis increases, and becomes o-reatest
when the axis is at right angles to the plane of rotation. The
current of air then blowing across the open mouth of the tube
drags the air out, thus cooperating with the outward tendency
due to rotation. A tube of this kind with the L tubes
removed and open at the ends, illustrates the action of the
ordinary fan blower.
It was found however, that the vortex motion in the outer
air could not be wholly eliminated. The result of varying
the direction of the axis of the Pitot tube was however studied
by a series of measurements made from the window of a
railway car. A tube terminating in an L was thrust out of
the car window. The tube could be turned in its mounting,
its position being determined by a graduated circle. When
the mouth of the tube was directed toward the head of the
train the circle read a=0. When the mouth was directed
downwards, towards the rear of the train, and upwards, the
angle a was respectively 90% 180° and 270"
The pressure was measured by means of a water mano-
meter like that described in a former paper before referred
to. The methods described in that paper were used.
The pressures measured for various positions of the Pitot
tube are given in grammes per sq. cm. in the following table.
The readings which were symmetrical with respect to the
Nipher — On Pressure Measurements in a Fluid Stream. 29
zero setting were in very close agreement, and they have been
combined in the averages.
The i/mean square velocity of the train while these read-
ings were taken was 41.8 miles per hour. The corresponding
relative velocity of the train, with respect to the air at the
point occupied by the collecting tube was 32.5 miles per hour.
This lesser relative velocity was due to the fact that air is
dragged along with the train.
Pressures in Pitot Tube Whose Axis Makes an Angle
a WITH AN Air Current of Constant Velocity.
a
P
a
P
0
1.34
10
1.31
100
— 1.29
20
1.26
110
— 1.03
30
1.21
120
— 0.93
40
1.03
130
— 0.89
50
0.695
140
— 0.87
60
0.000
150
— 0.86
70
— 0.625
160
— 0.80
80
— 1.10
170
— 0.66
90
— 1.44
180
— 0.54
30
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
These values are the means of 20 observations made on a
day that was peculiarly favorable by reason of absence of
disturbing wind. A polar curve representing the observed
values is shown in Fig. 2.
The values may be represented by a series of cosine har-
monics, but it requires more than ten terms to represent the
values, and an equation of this kind is of no particular value.
It is evident from these results that when the Pitot tube is
used for determining the velocity of flow in pipes it may be
combined with two other independent tubes on either side,
making an angle of 60° with it and an angle of 120° with each
other. The Pitot tube responds to the combined effect of
statical pressure, and that due to velocity.
It should be so placed that its reading is a maximum. The
other two tubes should show equal pressures, and represent
actual pressures, independent of velocity effects. These tubes
must be so placed that the middle tube does not appreciably dis-
turb the stream lines, passing over and into the mouths of the
lateral tubes. For small pipes this is not easily done. It is
better in such cases and in fact in all cases to use a sinerle
tube as the Pitot tube, and to place at a near point a disk
collector, like that described in this and a former paper pre-
viously referred to.
Nipher — On Pressxire Measurements in a Fluid Stream. 31
The practice of using a tube at right angles to the Pitot
tube, on the theory that it eliminates velocity effects is well
known to be erroneous. It has nothing but time-honored
custom to commend it. The rarefaction produced in a tube
in this position, is greater than the compression in the Pitot
tube.
The disk collector when used in pipes where the pressures
are constant may have a leading in pipe of very small diam-
eter, for a distance of half an inch. It may then widen out,
in order to give the required stiffness. The wire gauze disks
need not then be over an inch in diameter, and the metal
disks may be as small as half an inch. These disk collectors
may always be tested in an air blast, in order to see whether
they are properly designed for specific work.
When the disk collector is used for collecting wind pres-
sure on the sides of buildings, where great and rapid fluctu-
ations occur, the leading-in tube must be larger and the disks
of metal should be two and a half inches in diameter, the
wire gauze disks being two inches larger. The collectors are
placed near the building and with the flat side facing the
wall or surface.
A disk collector which is to be placed far above the build-
ing, in order to transmit to an air-tight chamber in the
building, the real air pressure independent of velocity effects,
should have metal disks from 30 to 40 centimeters in diam-
eter. The leading in pipe which taps the lower disk should
have a bevelled flange to which the lower disk is fastened.
The pipe should extend slightly through the disk in order to
prevent moisture which may collect between the disks from
passing down the tube. The disks of wire screen may have
their central parts cut away, forming a free chamber around
the mouth of the pipe, between the metal disks. The screen
should be of copper and should project an inch beyond the
metal disks, in order to prevent compressions and rarefac-
tions around the edge from penetrating between the disks.
Ordinary window screen may be used. A barometer within an
air-ti^ht chamber connected with such a collector above the
building will not be affected by wind.
32 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
In a plant now being placed upon the new Physics build-
ino^ at Washington University, the standard pressure tank
has a volume of about 240 liters. Some of the gauges which
open into it will show a decrease and others an increase
of pressure. It is thought that the tank will be large enough
to insure a practical elimination of reactions of the gauges
upon each other. More than 3,000 feet of pipe is used in
connecting the various pressure collectors with their respec-
tive guages. A photograph of these gauges and other indi-
cating devices, will show the simultaneous values of wind
pressures at various points on the building, the wind velocity
in free air, and the wind direction with respect to the sides
of the building.
If a plant of this kind could be established on a high
office building, some very valuable information could be
obtained.
IsmedL May 31,1906.
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MEKOliiS (in quarto) .
Contributions to the archaeology of Missouri, by the Archaeological Section. Parti.
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The total eclipse ol the sun, January 1, 1889. A report of the observations made by the
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* Supply exhausted.
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J Each number J« a brochure containing one complete paper (or rarely two).
iiH* td 1906
Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOL.. XVI. No. 4.
PRELIMINARY LIST OF HIGHER FUNGI COL-
LECTED IN THE VICINITY OF ST. LOUIS,
MO., FROM 1898 TO 1905.
N. M. GLATFELTER.
Issued June 14, 1906.
J«<N 96 1906
PKELIMINAKY LIST OF HIGHER FUNGI COLLECTED
IN THE VICINITY OF ST. LOUIS, MO., FROM 1898
TO 1905.
N. M. Glatfelter.
GENERAL REMARKS.
I am not aware that our section is rich in these forms of
plant life, indeed, I think the contrary is true. I can, how-
ever, not claim an exhaustive collection, although my search
has been quite thorough.
The number listed is about 500. Of these 433 are be-
lieved to be definitely determined. The remaining 67 are
more or less in doubt, and are so marked.* The numbers in
parenthesis are my record numbers.
The. following indicate species new to Science, all deter-
mined and named by Prof. Charles H. Peck, State Botanist
of New York. They are described in Bulls. Torr. Bot. Club,
1900 to 1906 :t Nos. 464, 101, 863, 855, 771, 838, 941, 399,
704, 784, 957, 787, 1098, 1100, 1114, 1076, J 102, 1148, 1176,
1177, and 1188, 1091. I consider myself most fortunate in
having had the good will of a Peck to appeal to, without
whose labors this publication could not have been made.
Prof. Peck, year after year, patiently reviewed and deter-
mined the specimens (dried) sent him. Where he failed, it
was due to insufficient notes, or incomplete material. In the
body of the work, the credit of determination is accorded
* Many others, still undetermined, are not Included in this list.
t 464 Lepiota felinoides, Pk., 101 Omphalia subclavata, 453 Lepiota cly-
peolaria pygmea, 863 Lepiota brunnescens, 855 Lepiota Glatfelteri, 771 Ento-
loma nigricans, 838 Bolbitius Glatfelteri, 941 Clitopilus Spbaerosporns, 399
Lactarius subvelutinus, 704 Russula luteobasis, 784 Flammula eccentrica, 957
Tricholoma viscosum, 1074 Boletus castaaeus vinicolor, 787 Psathyra mul-
tipedata, 1098 Lepiota maculans, 1100 Mycena denticulata, 1114 Flammula
multifolia, 102 Panus meruliceps, 1148 Russula ni°;rescentipes, 1176 Lepiota
nudipes, 1177 Inocybe desquamans, 1188 Lentinus microspermus, 1091 Rus-
sula subvelutinus.
X Lactarius perplexum, recently reduced to varietal ran^.
(33)
84 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
him by placing the letter P. immediately before my record
numbers.
I desire here also to express the obligations I am under,
for kindly assistance rendered, by Professors Macbride,
Underwood, Murrell, and Lloyd, whose names appear, in
each case, before my record numbers in a manner similar to
that of Prof. Peck. I am indebted to our own Dr. Trelease,
for kindly advice in the preparation of this paper for the
printer. It is remarkable that quite a large number of my
list are rare, consisting of only a few specimens, or found
but once. For example, Marasmius Wynnei, only two
specimens. Collybia myriadophylla, on one rotten trunk
only, producing it three successive years. It seems strange
not to have found Marasmius oreades or Russula emetica, or
Amanita muscaria. Cortinarius was quite rare, until 1905.
Facts of this kind are surely very curious.
Though some of the edible species are quite abundant, yet
very few of our people collect and eat them, owing to fear of
being poisoned. Two kinds only are known to a considerable
number of people as being wholesome, viz., theCampester, and
Morel. Besides these, Lepiota naucinoides, and the Shaggy
Coprinus, are also known to a few. The season for fleshy
. mushrooms opens here about the second week of April, last-
ing until Fall frosts. This year (1905), however, produced
several species as early as March 26th. Most of the species
marked " Edible " have been tested by myself. Many be-
sides, not marked, are edible.
I venture some remarks regarding spore measurements.
Those given in this paper are my own, five excepted, without
reference to recorded ones. Asis well known, spore measure-
ments vary considerably in many cases, often markedly, by
different authors. This may be accounted for in part by
variation of instruments, in part by carelessness, by examina-
tion dry or wet, but chiefly, I think, by variation of the
spores of different specimens of the same species ; for, while
in some species the spores measure quite equably, in others
the extremes are widely apart ; so that unless the extremes be
observed, the selection of intermediates necessarily varies
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 35
with each observer, more or less. Recently, examining an
ascus of a Peziza, I found at one end a sporidium 24/i, at
the other 33)U,, in length. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
I deem spore measurement in connection with other spore
characters of great value in most cases.
1 think, however, a paper specifically devoted to " Spore
variation" is one much to be desired. The matter should
be definitely determined whether spores of the same species,
from different regions do or do not vary, in considerable
degree, persistently.
CATALOGUE.
AMANITA.
A. VERNA, Bull. (822). N. York State Mus. Kept. 23, p.
69.
Found in the woods, sparingly, every j'ear since 1900.
The plant is pure white, slender and delicate.
Spores are subglobose, 6-8/^.
A. PHALLOIDES, Fr. ? (1164).
Chain of Rocks, Sept. 20, 1903.
Spores, often irregular, elliptical, 6-9/x or 9 X 7/*-
A. RUBESCENS, P. (114^-
Common in open woods. May to October. Varies
from bright yellow to ruddy brown. Cap, up to 8.5 in,
broad. Occasionally deformed, covered with a white
fungus {Hypomyces inaequalis, Pk). See, Mus. Rep.
53, p. 855-1899. Edible.
Spores, 6-9 X 6-7/*.
A. ONUSTA, Howe, (P. — 374). Journal Myc. 1887, p. 32 ;
Peck's Mus. Rep. 53, p. 839.
Rare, Forest park, July 14, 1899; Calvary cemetery,
June 25, 1900.
A. ONUSTA, Howe (P.— 1075), " white form."
Aug. 4, 1903, Monarch, St. Louis Co.
spores, 9-12.5 X 6/*-
36 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
A. FROSTIANA, Pk. (P. 483).
Eare. Forest park and Calvary cemetery, June and
August, 1899, 1900, 1903. Said to be very poisonous.
Mus. Kep. 33.
Spores, subglobose, smooth 6-8)tt.
A. COTHURNATA, Atk. Pk. (P.— 342).
Meramec Highlands, June 28, 1899; AUenton, Aug.
25, 1899, by G. W. Letterman; Chain of Kocks, June
21, 1904. The volva is characteristic. Atkinson,
" Mushrooms, a Study of," 1900.
Spores globose and subglobose, 8-9/^.
A. RADICATA, Pk. (P. 659).
York Co. Pa., Sept. 26, 1899. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI.
1900 p. 609. I eat of this raw and found no ill effects.
It has the taste and smell of a Lepiota. This is one
species of but two distant from St. Louis, introduced
into this Catalogue for the sake of annotation.
Spores, 8-9 X ^^^•
A. PHALLOIDES, Fr. (P. — 1172).
Chain of Kocks, June 21 and July 7, 1904.
" Dwarf gray-brown form."
Spores, globose 7.5-9 /i.
A. RAVENELLII, B & C. (1251).
Meramec Highhinds, Sept. 30, 1905. Single. See
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. 4, 3d. Series, p. 284.
Spores, white, globose, 6/Li and elliptic, 6-9 X S-SM'i rough,
nucleate.
A. MAGNIVELARIS, Pk. (P. 996).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 11, 1902. Single, on the ground,
in woods. Peck's 50th Mus. Eep. p. 96.
Spores, globose 6-7 and subglobose 6-8 X ^P"
A. MUSCARiA, Fr. (P. — 1174).
See Peck's Mus. Eep. 1901, Bull. 54, p. 961, and Bull.
75, p. 22, 1904. Important remarks in the last.
" A form near variety formosa."
Spores, elliptic, 6-9X5-6. 5m-
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 37
AMANITOPSIS.
A. VAGiNATA, Bull. (113), Peck's Mus. Rep. 23, p. 69.
Common in open woods and parks, May to October.
Usually gray or light yellowish brown, occasionally white.
Wholesome and delicate.
A. VOLVATA, Pk. ? (1102).
Woods, Aug. 29, 1903. Rare, Peck's Mus. Rep.
24, p. 59.
Spores, 6-7X4-5 and i-Bfi.
A. VOLVATA ELONGATA, Pk. (P. 405).
Forest Park bottom ground, June, July, 1899; woods,
Ashby road Sept. 2, 1902; Allenton, Aug. 1899, by
G. W. Letterman. Rare. Peck's Mus. Rep. 53, p. 856,
pi. A.
Spores, 9-11 X 5-6At, nucleate.
A. FARINOSA, Schw. (P. 117).
Range the same as A. vaginata.
A. AGGLUTINATA, B & C ? (1173).
Chain of Rocks, June 24, 1904. Syll. Vol. v. p. 23.
Spores, smooth, subglobose 8 X 6/^-
A. VELOSA, Pk. (1233) ?
Chain of Rocks, Sept. 23, 1905. A colony on high
grassy bank, open woods. (Bull., Torr., CI. Vol. 22,
p. 485).
Spores, elliptic, 12 X 6-7/"-, one end often acute. Agrees nearly
with description except spores.
LEPIOTA.
L. PROCERA, Scop. (P. — 161).
Common but not abundant . Edible . Peck' s Mus . Rep .
35, p. 152.
Spores elliptic, 11-13X9^-
38 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Lotus.
L. FELiNA, Pers. (P. — 163).
Belief ontaine cemetery. October, 1898,1900,1902;
and a single specimen at Creve Coeur, Sept. 14, 1903.
Eare. Mus. Rep. 35, p. 156.
L. FUSCOSQAMEA, Pk. (P. 163).
Same plant as preceding, later determined. Mus. Rep.
35, p. 156, and Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. p. 41. 1873.
Edible.
Spores, 4. 5-6X 2.5-3A<,.
L. FELiNoiDEs, Pk. (P. — 464) n. sp.
Forest park, low ground, now covered by World's
Fair buildings, August, 1899. Rare. Bull. Torr. Bot.
CI. Dec. 1900; Sacc. Vol. vi. p. 9.
Spores, 5-7 X*/*-
L. NAUCINOIDES Pk. (P. — 503).
Common, though rarely abundant. Edible. Mus.
Rep. 35, p. 160.
Spores, 9X6 and 6-7/*.
L. ACUTESQUAMOSA, Wcinm. (P. — 643).
Common, season of 1902. Peck's Mus. Rep. 35, p.
154.
Spores, 6-7X3-3.5/A.
L. CLYPEOLARiA PYGMEA, Pk. (P. — 453) 7iew Variety.
In damp, shady places, Aug. 1899 ; June, 1902.
Color, yellow. Edible.
Spores, 10-13 X 3. 5. -4m, one end acute.
L. CRiSTATA, A and S. (P. — 203).
Common, Aug. to Oct. Peck's Mus. Rep. 35, p. 155.
Spores, 6-8 X 3-4/^, one end acute,
L. CRISTATELLA, Pk. (P. 462).
In low, shaded ground, small, white. Aug. 1899;
June, 1902. Mus. Rep. 31, p. 31; and 35, p. 163.
Spores, elliptic, 6-7.5 X 4/^-
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 39
L. CAERULESCENS, Pk. (P. 454).
Habitat same as preceding. July and Aug. Varies
from white to brown — scaly. Changes color to green-
blue. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. p. 63. 1899.
Spores, elliptic, 5-7 X */*•
L. RUBROTINCTA, Pk. (P. 452).
Aug. and Sept. 1899. Creve Coeur, 1902, very
abundant. Edible. Very delicate. Peck's Mus. Rep.
35, p. 155.
Spores, ovate-elliptic, 6-8 X i-i-S/^.
L. RORULENTA, Panir. (P. — 165).
O'Fallon and Walnut parks; Sept. and Oct. 1898.
Syll. Vol. V. p. 43. Rare.
L. CEPAESTIPES, Sow. (1109).
Valley Park, Aug. 16, 1903. Rare. Mus. Rep. 35, p.
158.
Spores, broadly elliptic 7-10X6-7.5/^.
L. CEPAESTIPES CRETACEA (Bull) SaCC. (P. 164).
On dumped rubbish, or manure, also on rotten wood.
Oct. 1898; August, 1899. Pure white, very mealy and
fragile.
Spores, 7-9 X 5-6. 5/^, one end, often, acutish.
L. AMERICANA. Pk (364).
On trunks of black oak, and on ground near manure.
Rare. Edible. Mus. Repts., 23, 1869; 35, p. 159;
49. 1896. — pi. 24.
Spores, 7-9 X 6-7/i subglobose.
L. OBLiTA, Pk. (P. — 973).
Creve Coeur, wooded hillside, Sept. 6, 1902. Rare.
Mus. Repts. 26, p. 50; 35, p. 163, and Vol. I. Bull. Buff.
Soc. Nat. Sci. p. 41. 1873.
Spores, 4-6X3At.
L. MiAMENSis, Morg. (P. — 869).
" Smooth variety."
Belief outaine cemetery, July 8, 1902. Rare. Peck's
Mus. Rep. 50, p. 97.
Spores, ex*/^-
40 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
L. FRiESii, Lasch. (P. — 871).
Creve Coeur, July,' Calvary cemetery, Aug. 1902.
Eare. Mus. Eep. 35, p. 153.
Spores, 7-9X3-*.5yiA.
L. MORGANI, Pk. (1108).
Near DeHodiamont Sta. Aug. 21, 1903. Kare. Eaten
raw by two children, they became very sick. In Myc.
Notes, 256, Mr. Lloyd says Agaricus gracilientus
(Kromb.) Bres. is a synonym.
Spores, uusymmetrically elliptic, 9-12 X 6-7. 5/*. greenish.
L. MACULANS, Pk. (P. — 1098) n. sp.
Woods, Forsythe road, Aug. 16, 1903. Kare. Bull.
Torr. Bot. CI. 32. 1905.
Spores, 7-10 X 4.6-6,", nucleate, one end apiculate.
L. BRUNNESCEN8, Pk. (P. — 863) n. sp.
Belief ontaine and Calvary cemeteries, July and Au-
gust, 1902. Also, Forsythe road, Aug. 18, 1903. Open
woods. Whitish at first, turns blackish-umber. Rare.
Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 31. Apr. 1904.
Spores, 7-9 X 3-4 A^, nucleate,
L. GLATFELTERi, Pk. (P. — 855) n. sp.
Creve Coeur, July, Aug. Sept. 1902. Open woods.
Rare. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 31. Apr. 1904.
Spores, fusiform, 7-9X3-4iU,.
L. GRANULOSA, Batsch (P. — 1005).
Open woods, on Ashby road, 1903. Rare. Peck's
Mus. Rep. 35, p. 161.
L. ERIOPHORA, Pk. (P. — 923).
Moselle, Mo., July 1902 ; Creve Coeur, Aug. and Sept.
Very small, on bottom ground, later, much larger on
high ground. Rather abundant. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI.
30. Feb. 1903.
L. NUDiPES, Pk. (P. — 1176) n. sp.
Forsythe woods, July 12, 1904. Rare. Bull. Torr.
Bot. CI. 33. 1906.
Spore;*, elliptic, 6-6 X 3-4A*-
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 41
ARMILLAKIA.
A. MELLEA, Fr. (P.— 201).
Common from August to frost. Very variable . Ex-
cellent for eating. Mus. Eep. 43, p. 42; Syll. Fung.
Vol. V. p. 80.
TRICHOLOMA.
T. ALBUM (Schaeff.) Fr. (P.— 250)
O'Fallon park, at a stump, Aug. 1898; Meramec
Highlands, Sept. 30, 1905.
Spores, subglobose, 5-6 X 4-5/^5 nucleate.
T. PERSONATUM, Fr. (781).
Eather common. Aug. to Nov. In moist, shady
places. Edible. Mus. Rep. 44, p. 60; 48, p. 170. See
important remarks in Rep. 54, p. 165, 1900.
Spores, pale, salmon color, elliptic, 6 X '^H'-
T. NUDUM, Bull. (678).
Calvary cemetery, June and July. Pileus 1-1^ in.
broad.
Spores, subglobose, 4.5/tt mostly, and some 6X ^^^•
T. MELALEUCUM, Pers. (P. — 788).
June to Nov. Solitary in woods and waste ground.
Plentiful on lawn. Tower Grove park, 1903-1904. Va-
ries from white to gray. Edible.
Spores, 6-8 X 4-6//,.
T. viscosuM, Pk. (P. — 857) n. sp.
River bottom. North of Baden, only 5 specimens.
Aug. 31, 1903. Rare. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. Apr. 1904.
T. RU88ULA, (Schaeff.) Fr. (P. — 1242).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 25, 1905, in woods, rather
abundant. Mus. Rep. 55, pi. 77, 1902. Edible.
Spores, elliptic, 6 X 3-* it*.
42 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
T. INAMOENUM, Fr. ? (810).
White. Known by its foetid smell. Solitaiy. Sept.
and Nov. Forest park. Eare.
Spores, e-ZX't-o/"'
T. EQUESTRE, Linn, (1309)?
Meramec Highlands, Nov. 11, 1905.
Spores, subglobose, 4-6yu-.
CLYTOCYBE.
C. CANDiCANS, Pers. (P. — 94).
Common, on shaded leaf-covered ground July to
October.
Spores, SXSy""
C. DEALBATA, Sow. (1245).
Bellefontaine cemetery, Sept. 19, 1905. On the
grass.
Spores, elliptic 4-5 X 3/^.
C. viRENS, (Scop.) Fr. (P. — 393).
Common, Aug. to Oct. Habitat, as C. candicans.
Spores, elliptic, 6-7X3-4/^-
C. iNFUNDiBULiFORMis, Schaeff. (P. — 99).
June to October. In woods, on dumpings, and
dead wood. Not plentiful. Edible.
Spores, 3-5X2-3yu..
C. OCHROPURPUREA, Berk. (P. — 248).
June to October. Open woods. Varies extremely
in size. Edible.
Spores, subglobose, rough, 6-8/*-
C. LACCATA (Scop.) Fr. (P.— 249).
Common, May to Fall. Open woods. Edible.
Peck's Mus. Rep. 41.
Spores, globose, echinulate, 7-9 /u..
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 43
C. MONADELPHA, Morgan, (P. — 568).
Common, July to October. At stumps, also, from
underground roots. Edible. Mus. Kep. 51, p. 302,
pi. 51. See, also, interesting remarks b}^ Lloyd, —
Notes, No. 3 p. 17.
Spores, 6-7.5 X4:-5/**
C. ILLUDEN8, Schw. (P. 100).
June 8 to frost. Very common. At stumps. Edible,
if scalded in salt water, a little vinegar added. Peck's
Mus. Rep. 49, p. 65: pi. 49.
Spores, globose, 3-3i/i.
C. ECCENTRICA, Pk. (P. —800).
Rather common, Aug. to Nov. On much decayed
wood. Has penetrating smell. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI.
p. 321. 1898.
Spores, nucleated, 6-9 X 4-5/^.
C. ADIRONDACKENSIS, Pk. (P. 999).
CreveCoeur, Sept. 1902-3. On leafy ground. Peck's
Mus. Rep. 54, p. 174: pi. 69; 23, p. 77.
Spores, 6-9 X '^-5/"', nucleated.
C. ECTYPOIDES, Pk. (P. 886).
Monarch, St. Louis Co. July and August, 1902-3;
also, by Mr. Letterman, at AUenton Mo. Aug. 1899.
Mus. Rep. 24, p. 61.
Spores, subglobose, 5-7/^.
C. MDLTICEPS, Pk. (P.— 683).
Creve Coeur and Calvary cemetery. On rich low
ground. Single, or in compact stools, Oct. and Nov.
1899, 1900, 1902. I regard the quality excellent. Mus.
Rep. 43, p. 17.
Spores, globose, 6/i.
C. TRUNCICOLA Pk. ? (812).
Forest park, Sept. 30, 1900. On elm trunk.
The 3 species that follow, Prof. Peck made no report on. I insert
them with doubt.
44 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
C. FLACCiDus, var. lobatus, Sow. (908).
Monarch, Mo. July, 1902. See Cke. pi. 137.
Sporea, 6 X ^A^-
C. HIRNEOLA, Fr. (1008).
On the ground, and on a stump.
Spores, 4-4. 5/U.. subglobose.
C. ANGUSTissiMA, Fr. or near it (1047).
Calvary cemetery, Oct. 1902.
Spores, 3-4.5 X2-3/A, elliptic, nucleated.
PLEUEOTUS.
P. SAPiDUS, Kalchb. (P. — 78).
Common from April to frost. Most frequenting,
Hickory and Willow. Edible. Mus. Rep. 39, p. 61.
Spores, pale lilac, 8-9 X 3-4/i.
P. CANDiDissiMus, B and C. (P. — ^477).
Forest Park, Aug. 1899. On dead bark of a living
elm; also, on trunk. Calvary cemetery, July, 1899.
P. PETALOIDE8, (Bull.) Fr. (P. —335).
Creve Coeur, June 1899, 1902, on trunk. Mus. Rep.
39, p. 64.
Spores, globose, 3-4/W'.
P. OSTREATUS, Jacq. (1322).
Jefferson Barracks, Nov. 27, 1905. On the ground.
Spores, white, narrowly elliptic, one end acute, 7-9 X3-4AI.
P. ULMARius, Fr. (820).
Creve Coeur, Oct. 1901-2; Monarch, in July; Forest
park. Rare. Edible. Mus. Rep.
Spores, 4.5-6 X 3/*-
P. GEOGENIUS, DC. (P.— 79).
O' Fallon park on grassy knoll; Belief ontaine ceme-
tery, Oct. 1898, 1902.
Spores, 6-8 X £/*•
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi, 45
P. ATROCAERULEUS GRISEUS, Pk. (P. 1043).
Creve Coeur, 9-29-' 02. On a trunk. Rare. Peck's
Mus. Rep. 39, p. 65.
Spores, elliptic, 7 X ^t^'
P. APPLiCATUS, Batsch. (715).
Meramec Highlands, Jan. 14th, 1900. Under dead
bark of oak trunk.
COLLYBIA.
C. RADiCATA, Relh. (P. —241).
Common. Solitary. In woods. Never numerous.
May to frost. Edible. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 79.
Spores, 12X8-9/^-
C. PLATYPHYLLA, Fr. (139) Fr.
Rather common. At stumps and much decayed
trunks. Chiefly in early summer. Sometimes, 6-8 in.
broad. Edible.
Spores, globose, 6/^, or elliptic, 7 X 5/*-
C. DRYOPHYLLA, (Bull.) Fr. (P. — 1135).
Tower Grove park, Sept. 17, 1903. On lawn.
Spores, 5-8X3.5-4.5.
C. STRiATULATA, Lloyd. (P. 888).
Creve Coeur July 14, 1902; Monarch, July 15, 1902,
and same spot, Aug. 4, 1903. On leaves, in a moist
ravine. See Myc. Notes, No. 5, Dec. 1900. Lloyd.
Spores, 6-7 /Along.
C. STRICTIPES, Pk. (989).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 1902-3. On leaves. Abundant.
Mus. Rep. 41, p. 62.
Spores, one end apiculate, S-7X 3-4/a.
C. LIGNIARIA, Pk. (P. — 984).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 1902; Monarch, May 1899. On
the ground and decayed trunks. Mus. Rep. 54, p. 145.
1900.
Spores, globose, 6-7/* and elliptic, SX^/*-
46 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
C. AMABILIPES, Pk. (P. —845).
Creve Coeur, June and July, 1902. On leaves. Kare.
Bot. Gazette, p. 216. 1879.
C. ACEEVATA, Fr. (P. — 122).
Common, all the season. On damp, leaf-covered
ground.
Spores, 6-9 X 3.5-4.5/a, one end apiculate.
C. VELUTiPES, Curt. (173).
Common. On elm and willow, mostly. Early and
late season. Excellent. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 79.
spores, 6 X 3/*-
C. ZONATA, Pk. (131).
July and August. On dead sticks. Rare. Mus. Rep. 24,
p. 61. See also, remarks by Lloyd, Myc. Notes, No. 5,
p. 43.
Spores, elliptic, 5-6/* long.
C. STIPITARIA, Fr. (1113).
O'Fallon park, June 1903. On the ground. Rare.
Spores, 6X4/""
C. MYRIADOPHYLLA, Pk, (978).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 1902-3. On a much decayed
trunk. Rare. Mus. Rep. 25, p. 75; Bull. Buff. Soc.
Nat. Sci., 1873.
Spores, 3-4 X'^ A*"
C. XANTHOPODA, Fr. ? (1039).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 29, 1903. On wood. Rare.
Spores elliptic, 7-9 X 6/*-
C. COLOREA, Pk. ? (935).
Creve Coeur, 1902. Peck's Mus. Rep. 26, p. 54.
MYCENA.
M. GALERICULATA, Scop. (663).
Common. Aug. to Oct. On stumps and trunks.
Edible.
Spores, subglobose, about 7M- or 7-8 X ^f^'
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 47
M. GALERicuLATA, vai". calopus, Fr. ? (662).
On stump, Oct. 13, 1899.
Spores, 7-8X6/A.
M. GALERICULATA, Fr. (1064), pale form. Maline creek,
Sept. 31,1902.
Spores, 7 or 8.5 X 7/"-
M. LEAiANA, Berk, (P. — 254).
On rotten trunks, but somewhat rare. Mus. Eep. 24,
p. 62.
Spores, 6-8X6/^-
M. HAEMATOPA, Pcrs. (256).
Eather common. On trunks, Sept. 1898, 1902-3.
Mus. Rep. 24, p. 63.
Spores, 7-8 X 6/"-
M. LEPTOPHYLLA, Pk. (P. 944).
' ' A radicating variety. ' ' Shaded, leaf-covered'ground,
Sept. to Oct. Mus. Rep. 24, p. 63.
Spores, 6-7X*-5/^-
M. IRIS, Berk. (1046).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 29, 1902. Rare.
Spores, globose, o-l/J'.
M. DENTICULATA, Pk. (P. — 1100) n. sp.
Creve Coeur and other places, Sept. 1902-3. On the
ground and rotten trunks. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 32. 1905.
Spores, 6-9X4.5^4.
M. FILOPES, Bull. ? (860).
Forest park, Aug. 4, 1898; Creve Coeur, July 2, '02.
On rotting leaves.
Spores, 5-7X5/ti-
M. sp. (1199).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 16, 1903. This and preceding
one referred to Prof. Peck, who made no report.
Spores, 6X45/"-
48 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
OMPHALIA.
O. CAMPANELLA, (Batsch.) Fr. (P. — 472).
Common. Ou very rotten trunks. June to August.
Mus. Eep. 45, p. 38 ; Syll, Fung. Vol. v. p. 327.
Spores, 6-7 X 3-4 A^ (Peck).
O. PYXiDATA, (Bull.) Fr. (P. — 409).
Forest park, July 28, 1899, on the base of a live elm.
Mus. Rep. 45, p. 36; Syll. Fung. Vol. v. p. 313.
O. FIBULA, (Bull,) Sow. (P. — 286).
Jefferson Barracks, June 2nd, 1899. On the ground.
Spores 4X S^t (Peck).
O. SUBCLAVATA, Pk. (P. — 101) n. sp.
Forest park, July and August^ 1899 ; Meramec High-
lands. Plentiful, on dead twigs. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI.
Dec. 1900, p. 27.
O. sp. (976).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 6, 1902.
O. sp. (1200).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 16, 1903.
This and the preceding referred to Peck. No report.
RHODOSPORAE.
VOLVAEIA.
V. BOMBTCiNA, Schacff. (333).
Jefferson Barracks, June 2, 1899. Single specimen,
in a decayed cleft of a living maple. Pileus 8.5 X 6.5 in.
Again, on elm at Creve Coeur 1905. Said to be edible.
Spores, elliptic, nucleate, 6-7.5 X 5-6/Lt.
V. UMBONATA, Pk. (P.— 1073).
On lawn. Mo. Bot. Gardens, Aug. 10, 1903 ; June 28,
1904. See Myc. Notes, Feb. 1899, Lloyd.
Spores, 3-4.5 and 6X4.5At.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 49
V. STRIATULA, Pk. (896).
Single specimen. On bottom ground, July 19, 1902,
Maline Creek. Also, home yard, 1905. Bull. Torr. Bot.
CI. Vol. 22, p. 488; Volvae, Lloyd, 1898.
Spores, elliptic, uninucleate, 5-6 X ^-^
PLUTEUS.
P. CERViNUS, (Schaefe.) Fr. (166).
Common throughout the season, mostly on wood, but
also on the ground. In clusters on rotting sawdust.
Though rather insipid, may be coaxed into a palatable
dish. Varies much in color, from white to umber.
Smooth or squamous.
Spores, elliptic, nucleate, 5-7.5 X*-5M'
P. CERVINUS, VAR. ALBUS (1134).
1903. On the ground.
Spores, globose, 4-5/^- and elliptic, 5-6 X^A*"
P. CERVINUS VAR. viscosus, Lloyd (384).
See Myc. Notes, Feb. 1899. Forest and O'Fallon
parks, July, 1899.
Spores, nucleate, 5-7X4-5/*.
P. UMBROSUS, Pers. (P. — 211.)
In pasture, Oct. 1898. Mus. Rep. 38, p. 135.
Spores, subglobose, 4-5 and d-Bfi.
P. LONGISTRIATUS, Pk. (P. 969).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 22, 1902; Maline creek, Aug. 31,
1902.
On wood and ground.
Spores, subglobose, nucleate, 5-6/i and 7 X ^A*"
P. ADMIRABILIS, Pk. (843).
Creve Coeur, July and Sept. 1902-3. On rotten
trunks and leaves. Mus. Rep. 24, p. 64; 38, p. 137.
Spores, subglobose, 5-7. 5/a.
P. UMBONATUS, Pk. ? (357).
Forest park, July, 1899.
Spores, subglobose, 5-7/W', occasionally, 8 X 7/*-
50 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
P. PHLEBOPHORUS, Ditm. ? (334).
Forest park and Creve Coeur, June and July, 1898-99.
Spores, subglobose, 4-5 aud 6 X 4/*.
P. NANUS, Pers. ? (385).
Several localities. On the ground. Mus. Kep. 38
p. 136.
Sporfs, nucleate, 6-6ju. and 6X4-5/*'
ENTOLOMA.
E. NIGRICANS, Pk. (P. — 771) n. sp.
Forest park, Oct. 20, 1900.
Only one locality, creek bottom, now covered with
World's Fair buildings. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. Feb. 29.
1902.
Spores, angular- globose aud subglobose, 7-10 X ^ and 7-9/*.
E. GRAYANUM Pk. (P. — 965).
Common. July to September.
Moist, shady places. Very variable in size and color.
Mus. Eep. 24, !p. 64.
Spores, irregular, angular, 7-9/*.
E. sp. (1132).
Monarch, Mo. July 23, 1902.
CLITOPILUS.
C. SPHAEROSPORUS, Pk. (P. — 941). n. sp.
Creve Coeur, Aug. and Sept. 1902-3. In wooded
ravine. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 31, Apr. 1904.
Spores, subglobose, 4.5-7/*.
C. PRUNULUS, (Scop.) Fr. (P. — 1086).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 20, 1903. White. Mus. Rep. 42,
p. 41.
Spores, 9-11.5 X 4-5-6/t.
C. UNDERWOODII, Pk. (P. — 1087).
Valley Park, Mo. Aug. 16, 1903. Mus. Rep. 49, p. 18.
Spores, 4-5 X3/*» ovate.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 51
C. MiCROPUS, Pk. (P. — 1256).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 2, 1905. Kare. Edible.
Mus. Kep't. 55, p. 970, pi. 78. 1902.
Spores, irregular, angular, 9-12 X 5-7/i.
C, ABORTIVUS, B & C. (P. — 1294).
Middlebrook Mo. Aug. 13, 1905. Woods. Edible.
Mus. Rep. 55, pi. 78. 1902.
Spores, irregular, angular, nucleate 7-9 X ^f^'
C. sp. (1055).
Creve Coeur, July 10, 1902. No report from Peck.
Spores, 4.5-6 X S-ifi.
CLAUDOPUS.
C. NIDULARIS, Pk. (P. — 681).
Pletirotus nidularis, Fr.
Forest park and Creve Coeur, May to November. On
willow trunks.
Spores, curved, elliptic, 6 X ^H"
BOLBITIUS.
B. TENER, Berk. (P. — 1124) "probable ".
Tower Grove park, June 2, 1903.
Spores, very variable, globose or elliptic, 8-14.5 X 7.5-9/a.
B. GLATFELTERI, Pk. (P. 836) n. sp.
Creve Coeur and East St. Louis, May, 1902; Tower
Grove park, on lawn, May, 1903. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 30,
Feb. 1903.
Spores, 12-13 X 7.5-9/i.
NOLANEA.
N. sp. (995).
Creve Coeur, Sept 11, 1902.
N. piCEA, Kalchb. (P. — 1230).
On my fern bed Sept. 21 and Oct. 10, 1905.
Spores, slender, elliptic, 9 X 3-4/^.
52 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
ECCILIA.
E. sp. (931).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 23, 1902.
OCHROSPOKAE.
PHOLIOTA.
P. PRAECOX, (Pers. Fr.) P. — 192.
Forest Park and Creve Coeur, May to July, 1898,
1900, 1902, and March 26, 1905. On trunks and
ground.
Spores, 6-8.5 X 5-6fi.
P. ADiPOSA, Fr. (P.— 1117).
Creve Coeur, Oct. 1, 1903 and Sept. 29, 1904, on
black oak trunk. Edible, (Mcllvaine) Mus. Rep. 49,
p. 60; pi. 46. Rare.
Spores, 7.5-9X5-6/*.
P. LUTEA, Pk. (P. — 796).
St. Louis, only one locality, October, 1900, 1902.
Mus. Rep. 51, p. 288.
Spores, 6-7X5-6^-
P. COMOSA, VAR. ALBA, Pk. (P. 1003).
Calvary cemetery, Sept. 20, 1902. On coniferous
trunk, growing from both, sawed ends.
Spores, 6-7.5X4-5/^-
P. DETERSIBILIS, Pk. (P. 874).
Creve Coeur, July, 1902. On much decayed wood.
Rare. Mus. Rep. 28, p. 49.
P. MARGiNATA, Batsch. (P. — 1058).
On very rotten trunks, early and late season. " Excel-
lent quality," (Mcllvaine). Cke. Hdb'k. p. 148; illust.
pi. 372.
Spores, 6-8.5 X4-6M.
P. AUTUMNALIS, Pk. (P. 1033).
On rotten trunks, late season. Appears to me the
same as the preceding.
Spores, 7-9 X o-6M-
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi, 53
P. AGGERICULA Pk. (P. — 1226).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 21. 1905. On the ground, in
woods, a few specimens every year since 1902, always in
September. Mus. Rep. 24, p. 67.
Spores, narrowly ovate, or fusiform, nucleate, 12-15 X 5-6/""
P. DESTRUENS (1326).
Arboretum, 1874, on wood. Specimen in herb. Mo.
Bot. Gardens. Identified by Farlow.
FLAMMULA.
F. SPUMOSA, Fr. (P. —676).
Common. Oct. and Nov. 1899, 1900-2. On wood or
ground.
Spores, subglobose, i.S-G/ti.
F. LUBRicA, Fr. (P. — 777).
Forest park, Calvary cemetery, Oct. 24, and Oct. 9,
1900.
On elm and hicory. Caespitose.
Spores, subglobose 4.5-6 X 5/""
F. MULTIFOLIA, Pk. (P. 1114) U. Sp.
Monarch, Mo. Aug. 4, 1903; July 17, 1904, on
trunk. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 32. 1905.
Spores, elliptic, 6-7 X ^-S/"-, nucleate.
F. UNDERWOODII, Pk. (P. 1115).
Belief ontaine cemetery, Nov. 7, 1903. On wood.
Spores, 6-7X4-5^4.
F. BRAENDLEI, Pk. (P. — 1008).
Forest park. May 7, 1899; Creve Coeur, Sept. 21,
1902. On trunk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 31, Apr. 1904.
Spores, 6-7.5X3-4/*-
F. CONISSANS, Fr. (P. — 675).
At base of elm and maple, usually a caespitose cluster.
Rare.
Spores, 6-7.5 X*-5-6/A.
54 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
F. ECCENTRicA, Pk. (P. — 784) n. sp.
Forest park Oct. 26, 1900. On wood. Bull. Torr.
Bot. CI. 31. Apr. 1904.
Spores, elliptic, nucleate, 6-7.5 X ^A*"
F. HIGHLANDENSIS, Pk. (P. 1020).
Bellefontaine cemetery, Sept. 25, 1702. A colony on
a stump; Forest park, Apr. 1903, on the ground.
Mus. Kep. 50, p. 138.
Spores, 6-7X4-5M-
F. SAPiNEA, Fr. (P. — 392).
" Or near allied." F. Under woodii?
Allenton Mo. July 24, 1899 by G. W. Letterman, *' on
wood; " also, at Creve Coeur, Sept. 19, 1904, on trolley
post.
Spores, nucleate, 6-7.5 X ^-SA*-
F. iNOPODAFr. ? (677).
Forest park, Nov. 20, 1899, at pine stump.
Spores, 7.5-9X5-6/^.
F. ^sp. (805).
Forest park, Apr. 25, 1900. Pale tawny white.
Spores, 6-8 X 5-6/^, nucleate.
F. sp. (179).
Allied to F. braendlei.
The lasts species referred to Peck, without report.
F. sp. (486).
HEBELOMA.
H. MESOPHAEUS, Fr. (P. — 167).
College view, and Creve Coeur, 1898-'99-'01.
October.
Spores, elliptic, 6-7.5 X 4:-5Ai.
INOCYBE.
I. RiMOSA, (Bull.) Fr. (P. — 1193).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 21, 1902. Woods, on the ground.
Mus. Eep. 23, p. 95.
Spores, 7-9X5-6/1*.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 55
I. UMBONINOTA, Pk. (P. 176).
Bellefontaine cemetery, Oct. 9, 1898, on the ground.
Mus. Eep. 38, p. 87.
Spores, nodulose, 7.5-8.7/"- (P).
I. MARGARITISPORA, Berk. (P. — 304).
Forest park and Creve Coeur. Mus. Rep. 41, p. 66.
Spores, irregular-augular, 6-9 X 4-6ft.
I. EUTHELOIDES, Pk. (P. 610).
July and August, on the ground, different places.
Mus. Rep. 32, p. 29; 37, p. 13.
Spores, unsymmetrical-elliptic, nucleate, 9-10 X 6/*'
I. ASTBROSPORA, Quel. (P. — 1099).
Forsy the woods, Aug. 16, 1903; Creve Coeur, Aug.
20, 1903. Mus. Rep. 41, p. 66.
Spores, warted, 6-9/i.
I. RIGIDIPES, Pk. (P. — 1111).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 18, 1903. Mus. Rep. 51, p.
289.
Spores, globose, echiaulate, 8-9/tt.
I. HiRSUTA, Lasch, (1110).
June to Sept. On the ground, many places.
Spores, smooth, elliptic, 7-10 X 5-6/*-
I. ALBODISCA, Pk. (P. —1194).
Ramona park. July 9, 1904. On the ground. Mus.
Rep. 51, p. 290.
Spores, waned, very irregular, seldom roundish, 6 and 8 X 6/^-
I. DE8QUAMANS, Pk. (P. 1177) U. Sp.
Monarch, July 17, 1904; Creve Coeur, Aug. 20,
1903. In woods. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 33. 1906.
Spores, irregular, aogular, subglobose, 5-6 and 6 X *-5/*.
I. PLUMOSA, Bolt. (1180).
Forsythe woods, July 13, 1904. Single.
Spores, renoid-elliptic, 9-1 1.5X4-5 /*.
I. SUBOCHRACEA, Pk. (P. — 1270).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 5, 1905. In woods. Mus.
Rep. 54, p. 167 ?
Spores, ovate-nucleate 7-9 X 6/^.
66 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
I. Several species undetermined.
Phylloporusrhodoxanthus, (Schw.) Bres. (P. — 1083).
Paxillus paradoxus, Cke., Flammula paradoxus, Kalchb., Agaricus
tammii, Fr., Agaricus pelletieri, Lev., Paxillus flavidus. Berk, Clitocybe
^ pelletieri. Gill, paxillus tammii, Pat., Gomphidius rhodoxanthus, S&cc.
Vol. V. p. 1139, anil Mus. Rep. 29, p. 43.
Eamona park, July 13, 1903; Chain of Kocks, Sept.
20, 1903. Open woods, grassy ground. Eare.
Spores, light brown, witli tinge of green, elliptic, or narrowly
Qvoid, 9-11.5 X*-5y^-
The spores are measured as follows : by Peck,
10-15x4.5-5.5/*; Sacc. 10-13/*; Bresadola, 10-16 X
3.5-5/*; Massee, 20-22 X 7-8/*!
CKEPIDOTUS.
C. MOLLIS, (Schaeff.) Fr. (P. — 330).
Common on trunks, June.
Spores, ferruginous-clay color, subglobose, 6-7.5 X ^-5/*.
C. PUTRIGENA, B & C (P. — 354).
Forest park, July 9, 1899. On rotting trunk. Mus.
Eep. 39, p. 72.
Spores, rusty-brown, globose, 4-6/*.
NAUCOEIA.
N. SEMIORBICULARIS, Bull. (P. — 832).
Common in old pastures, and lawns. 1902-3. Mus.
Eep. 23, p. 93.
Spores, 11-13X7-9/1.
N. TABACINA, DC ? (1128).
Forest park. May 4, 1900. On the ground.
Spores, elliptic, 8-10 X ^-o/t.
N. UNICOLOR, Pk. (P. — 1191).
Calvary cemetery, June 6, 1904. On wood and de-
caying leaves. Mus. Eep. 41, p. 68. 1887.
Spores, pale umber, ovoid, 6 X ^-S/*-
N. Several species undet.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 67
GALEKA.
G. RETICULATA, Pk. (P. 684).
Calvary cemetery, Nov. 22, 1899. Mus. Eep. 54,
p. 150.
Spores, 7-9 X 5/*-
G. TENERA, Schaeff. (1129).
On horse dung, July, 1899. Mus. Eep. 46, p. 63.
Spores, 11-14.5 X 7-1 0/ti.
G. LATERITIA, Fr. (P. — 736).
Forest park, June, 1900. Mus. Kep. 46, p. 62.
Spores, 11.5-14.5X7-9/*-
G. CAPILLARIPES, Pk. (P. — 854) .
On lawn. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 1899, p. 6Q.
Spores, 8.5-11 X 7-8/^.
G. COPRINOIDES, Pk. (1121).
Lawn, June 21, 1904. Mus. Rep. 26, p. 59, and 46,
p. 69.
Spores, elliptic, 6-7 X*-^-
G. ovALis, Fr. ? (880).
East St. Louis Stock-yards, July 12, 1902.
Spores, elliptic-ovoid, 9-lOX 5-6/i.
G. sp. (1130).
Creve Coeur, June 4, 1904. On new, cultivated
ground.
Spores, elliptic 7-9 X 5-6/*-
TUB ARIA.
I. CONTRARIA, Pk. (P. — 797).
In pasture, near Walnut park, Oct. 30, 1900; Creve
Coeur, July 23, 1904.
Spores, ovate, nucleate, unsymmetrical, 7-9 X 5-6/*.
PLUTEOLUS.
P. ALEDRIATUS, Fr. (P. — 930).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 23, 1902. On rotten trunks, and
ground.
Spores, nucleate, elliptic-unsymmetrical, 8.5-10 X 5-6/*-
58 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
PORPHYROSPORAE .
PSALLIOTA.
P. OAMPESTRIS, L. (213).
Common, all through the season.
Spores, 4.5-6 X3/i-
P. CAMPESTRIS, VAR. HORTULANA, Auct. (786).
Forest park, Oct. 26, 1900.
Spores, 6-7X*-5/^-
P. CAMPESTRIS, VAR. RUFESCENS, Berk.
CreveCoeur, Sept. 2, 1902. Rare.
Spores, 6-9X4-5/"-
P. PLACOMYCES, Pk. (246).
Rather frequent in places somewhat shaded. Edible.
Mus. Rep. 29, p. 40; 36, p. 48.
Spores, 4-6 X^A*-
P. SYLVICOLA, Vitt. (247).
P. arvensis abruptus. Pk.
Common in moist shady places. In drying turns tawny
yellow. Edible. Mus. Rep. 36, p. 47.
Spores, subglobose, 3-4.5ffc.
P. RODMANI, Pk. (1323).
Near Sherman School, St. Louis, by Mr. Wm. R.
Maddern, 1905. Mus. Rep. 36.
Spores, 5-6X*-5. — Pk.
PILOSACE.
P. EXiMiA, Pk. (P. — 966).
Creve Coeur. Sept. 1, 1902. Single specimen, sentto
Prof. Peck. Has an exceptionally bad smell. Mus.
Rep. 24, p. 70; Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 75, p. 25. 1903.
Spores, reddish, 6.2 X 4/" (Peck).
STROPHARIA.
S. AERUGINOSA, (Curt) Fr. (P. — 773).
Frequent, never abundant. July to November. On
wood and ground.
Spores, 5-7 X 3-4^1, nucleate.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 59
S. BILAMMELATA, Pk. (P. 188).
On the ground, Oct. 7, 1898; on horse dung, 1902.
Bull. Torr. Bot. CL, 1895, p. 204.
Spores, 9-11.5 X6-8At.
S. SEMiGLOBATA, Batsch. (P. 1096).
Creve Coeur, May 20, 1903; St. James, Mo., May 30,
1903. Judging from the size of the spores, this should
be S. STERCORARIA, Fr.
Spores, 15-20 5X9-1''/^-
S. sp. (831).
River bottom Apr. 30, 1902.
Spores, 9-11.5 X 5-6/i.
HYPHOLOMA.
H. PERPLEXUM, Pk. (P. 152).
Common, at stumps, and on ground. Early and late
season. Our form is scarcely edible, and fits better the
described H. suhlateritius. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 99; 49, p.
61: pi. 47.
Spores, 6X3-4/^-
H. INCERTUM, Pk. (P. 141).
Common on lawns. In woods, at stumps, all the
season. Excellent. Mus. Rep. 29, p. 40; 1898, p. 676:
pi. 58.
Spores, 7.5 X 5 5/^.
H. HTMENOCEPHALUM, Pk. (P. 378).
Smaller than the preceding, but resembling it. In
shaded places, on sticks and ground. July to October
Mus. Rep. 31, p. 34.
Spores, 6-7.5 X ^-ot^-
H. CUTIFRACTUM, Pk. ( P. — 993 ) .
Creve Coeur, Sept. and Oct. 1902-3; May 20, 1904.
On the ground. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 1895, p. 490.
Spores, 7-10 X*-5.
60 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
H. HIRTOSQUAMULOSUM, Pk. (P. 846.)
Creve Coeur, June 8, 1902; Oct. 1, 1903, on trunk.
Bare. Vol. 1, Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. p. 53; Mus. Rep.
25, p. 79.
Spores, nucleate, cymhiforra, 6,25/^ long (Peck).
H. suBAQUiLUM, Bann. (P. — 1019).
Belief ontaine cemetery, Sept. 25, 1902. A colony, in
a grassy road. Also, at College View. Mus. Rep. 44,
p. 70, 1890.
Spores, 4-5 X 3-4/*.
H. ORNELLUM, Pk. (P.— 1067).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 23, 1902; Ramona park and
Forsythe woods. Common and plentiful, 1903. Mus.
Rep. 34, p. 42.
Spores, 6-7 X 4-5At-
H. vELUTiNUM, Pers. (P. — 763).
Rather common. Late in the season.
Spores, 7-9 X ^M? ends acutish.
H. VELUTINUM, LEIOCEPHALUM, B&Br. (1017).
Calvary cemetery, Sept. 24, 1902. Very peculiar,
growing from an aborted mass of fungous material {H.
velutinum). A single plant springs from the centre of
the mass. Pileus dirty white, floccose-squamous,
slightly viscid, even, soft, spongy, brittle. Spores,
black.
H. STORE A VAR. CAESPITOSUS, Fr. ? (673).
Belief ontaine cemetery, from underground stump,
Oct. and Nov. three successive years, 1898-1899 and
1900. No report from Prof. Peck.
Spores, 4.5-6 X 3-4.5/^.
H. HYDROPHiLUM, (Bull) Fr. (P.— 1306).
O'Fallon park and Meramec Highlands, Oct. 29, 1905,
at stumps, and on the ground, plentiful. Edible.
Spores, umber brown, 4-6 X 3-3. 5^.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 61
DECONICA.
D. COPROPHILA, (Bull) Fr. (P.— 955).
On horse dung, Aug. 30, 1902.
Spores, 11.7 X 6-9,«, elliptic, with acutish ends.
PSILOCYBE.
P. FOENiSECii, Pers. (P. — 1084).
Tower Grove park. May 11, 1903. Abundant, on
manured lawns.
Spores, 12-14 X7-8M-
P. sp. (829).
p. sp. ? (P. —1181).
Creve Coeur, June 25, 1904.
Spores, ovate, truncate ba&e, 6-7.5 X */^'
PSATHYRA.
P. MULTiPEDATA, Pk. (P. — 787) n. sp.
Calvary cemetery, Oct. 1900-2-3, on grassy ground,
very abundant; Creve Coeur, on a stump, June 25,
1904.
Densely caespitose stools of one radicle. Edible. Bull.
Torr. Bot. CI. 32. 1905.
Spores, 6-7.5 X*-o^-
P. sp. Nos. 1116, 1119, 1120, and several others, undet.
MEL. ANOSPORAE .
PAN AEOLUS.
P. SOLIDIPES, Pk. (P.— 199).
Common. On horse dung. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 101
pi. 4.
Spores, 9-1 IX 7-9 /A.
62 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
P. PAPiLiONACEUS, Pk. (P. — 372). Common. Usually on
manured ground. Quite variable in color and size.
Mus. Kep. 23, p. 101.
Spores, 1 1.5-14.5 X 7-9 /A. Acute ends.
COPRINUS.
C. MiCACEUs, Fr. (200).
Common and abundant, April to Nov., grows in tem-
perature under 52°. At stumps and trees. Delicate.
Mus. Kep. 23, p. 104.
Spores, G-9 X 6-6/i.
C. COMATUS, Fr. (321).
Common. On rich or filled ground, throughout the
season. Excellent. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 103.
Spores, 9-11 X 7-9 A*-
C. ATRAMENTARIUS, Fr. (507).
Not as frequent as the preceding. Edible.
Spores, 7-9 X6i"-
C. SQUAMASUS, Morg. (195).
Forest park, Aug. 8, 1899; June 3, 1900. On very
rotten trunk. Quality inferior to the two preceding
species. Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 6, p. 173:
pi. 8.
Spores, |7-9 X 6-6-«-
C. QUADRIFIDUS, Pk. (P. —380).
Maline Creek, a colony, on heap of flooded rubbish;
July 17, 1899; Creve Coeur, July 14, 1904, on wood.
Mus. Rep. 50, p. 106.
Spores, 7-9 X 4-4.5^1.
C. PLicATiLis, Fr. ? (196).
O'Fallon park; on grassy ground.
Spores, 11.5-14.5X9-10^-
C. EPHEMERUS, Fr. ? (1178).
On lawn. Ep. 252.
Spores, 14-19 X 9-"-
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 63
C. JONESII, Pk. ? (1169).
On horse dung. Bull. Torr. Bot, CI. 22, p. 206.
Spores, 7-10 XS-e^*? one end apiculate.
C. ruLCHRiFOLius, Pk. ? (1179). May 10, 1904, home yard.
Mus. Rep. 29:41.
Spores, umber, oblong-elliptic, 7-8.5 X 4.5-6/^.
C. FIMETARIUS, Fr. ? (1206).
On cow dung, in hot-house, March 18, 1905. Ep. 245,
spores, elliptic, 12-13 X6-7/-i-
C. Several more, undet.
PSATHYRELLA.
P. DIS8EMINATTTS, Fr. (P. 366.)
Common, Mus. Rep. 23, p. 103.
The spores are not black, but umber.
sp. (783) undet.
CORTINARIUS.
C. DISTANS, Pk. (P.— 1125).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 16, 1903-4. On the ground.
Mus. Rep. 23, p. 111.
Spoies, 7-9 X 6-6/^-
C. CALOCHRODS, Fr. ? (1267).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 5, 1905.
Spores, elliptic, nucleate, an end often acute, 7-8 X 4-5/"'
C. VARius, Fr. ? (1265).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 5, 1905. Cke. pi. 698.
Spores, nearly retjular elliptic, 8-10 X 4-5/^.
C. BALTEATU8, Fr. ? (1266).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 5, 1905.
Spores, elliptic, uusymmetric, 9-10 X 6-7/'..
C CAERULESCENS, Fr. ? (1227).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 21, 1905. Meramec Highlands,
Oct. 6, 1905.
Spores, elliptic, ends acuve, 9-10 X 5-6/^.
64 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
C PURPURASCENS, Fr. (1296).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 6, 1905.
Spores, elliptic, an end acute, 19-12 X^."-
C. SANGUINEUS, Fr. ? (1217).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 20, 1905,
Spores, elliptic, often an end acute, 7.5-9 X 4r.5-6/^.
Note. — In addition to the foregoing I have probably about 25 species as
yet unidentified. The genus was rare until the autumn of 1905.
HYGROPHORUS.
H. GLUTINOSUS, Pk. (P.— 1238).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 25, 1905. Mus. Rep. 55,
p. 950. 1902.
Spores, elliptic, 9-11 X S-6/^.
H. CHLOROPHANUS, Fr. (P. — 1236).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 24, 1905.
Spores, oblong, 11.5-14.5 X 7-9i"-
H. LAURAE, Morg. (P. — 1248).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 30, 1905. Mus. Rep.
55, p. 967: pi. 77. 1902. Edible.
Spores, 6-7 X *-"'
H. PRATENSis, Fr. ? (1275).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 5, 1905. Rare.
Spores, white, elliptic, 5-7 X 3-4i".
LACTARIUS.
L. coRRUGis, Pk. (P. — 285).
In the woods, various places, 1899 to 1904. Ruddy-
chocolate color. Edible. Rare. Mus. Rep. 32, p. 31.
Spores, echinulate, 7-9," broad.
L. suBDULCis. Fr. (P. — 96).
Common, June to frost. On mossy slopes, in shade.
Edible. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 117.
Spores, echinulate, 6, or 7X 6^-
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 65
L. GLYCiosMUS, Fr. (P. — 1203).
Common, in shaded places. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 120.
1869, and 38, p. 123.
Spores, cream, warted, saibglob. 5-7/^.
L. THEiOGALUS, (Bull) Fr. (P. — 565).
Open woods, June and July. Rare. Mus, Rep. 38,
p. 117.
Spores, echinulate, light brown, 7-8. 5a.
L. FULIGINOSUS, SUMSTINEI, Pk. (P. 1077).
Woods, July 13, 1903. Rare. Mus. Rep. 38.
Spores, light brown with tint of green, echinulate -spined, 8-10^.
L. INSULSUS, Fr. (P. — 303).
Woods, May 30, 1899.
Allenton,byMr. Letterman; MeramecHighlands,ll905,
plentiful.
Spores, subglobose, echinulate, 6-8,".
L. piPERATUS, Fr. (345).
Common and abundant, in moist shady places. June
to October. Edible, — acridity lost in cooking. Mus.
Rep. 23, p. 118.
Spores, smooth, subglobose, 5-6.
L. VELLEREUS, Fr. (346).
Locality, same as the preceding. Very acrid. Rare.
Spores, smooth, globose, 7-10/^.
L. VOLEMU8, Fr. (P. — 1078). " Subglabrous form".
Ramona park, Aug. 1, 1903 ; Chain of Rocks, June 24,
1904. Pale cream color. Edible.
Spores, globose, 7-9/^ minutely warted.
L. SUBVELUTINU8, Pk. (P. — 399) n. sp.
In open woods. Rare. Mus. Rep. Bull. 75, p. 18,
1903. Edible.
Spores, 7-9/Jt, minutely warted.
L. DISTANS, Pk. (P. — 1079).
Woods, scattering, rare. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 117; 38,
p. 129; 52, p. 656 : pi. 59, 1898.
Spores, 7-9 X ^z"' minutely warted.
66 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
L. LUTEOLUS, Pk. (P.— 1076).
Ramona park, July 13, 1903; Bellefontaine cemetery,
July 20, 1903. Low, grassy places. Mus. Rep. 1903,
p. 43 : pi. 83.
Spores, l-S'XGfJ-, very minutely warted.
L. FULiGiNOSUs, Fr. (P. — 1096).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 18, 1903. Rare. Mus. Rep.
38, p. 128.
Spores, pale yellow, globose, ecbinulate, 6-7.5/^.
L. TRiviALis, Fr. (P. — 1249).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 30, 1905. In woods.
spores, subglobose, nucleate, minutely warted, 7-10/^.
RUSSULA.
R. NIGRICANS, (Bull) Fr. (1143).
Ramona park and Forsythe woods, Aug. 15, 1903.
Perhaps the largest of ourrussulas, being up to 6' broad,
stipe 5' long, 1^' thick. Mus. Rep. 54, p. 178; 32, p. 31.
Spores, subglobose, smooth, 6-9/i.
R. soRDiDA, Pk. (P. — 485.)
Calvary cemetery, June 25, 1900. Ramona park,
1903. Mus. Rep. 26, p. 65; 41, p. 85.
Spores, subglobose, smooth, 9X7.
R. COMPACTA, Frost, (P. — 350).
Forest park, abundant. July, 1899. Scattering,
other places. Edible. Mus. Rep. 32, p. 32; 37, p. 14.
Spores, subglobose, white, rough, 7-8,5/^.
R. MU8TELINA, Fr. (P.— 754), "variety."
Bellefontaine cemetery, June 28, 1900. Same place,
1903. Rare.
Spores, minutely echinulate 7.5 X 6/^-
R. LEPiDA, Fr. (P. — 707).
Red form, shading off into the next. Forest and Ra-
mona parks, June to Aug. 1899, 1903. Mus. Rep. 41,
p. 75.
Spores, subglobose, 7-9M.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 67
K. LEPiDA, Fr. (P. — 707).
Pale form. Kamona park, 1903, abundant.
E. viRESCENS, Fr. (157).
Open woods, scattering. Mus. Eep. 24, p. 75.
Spores, smooth, subglobose, 5-6,a.
K. CRUSTOSA, Pk. (P. — 1145).
Kamona park. Chain of Rocks, 1903-4. Mus. Rep.
39, p. 41; 56 : pi. 84.
Spores, while, smooth, subglobose, 6-7. 5/^.
R. DECOLORAN8, Fr. (P. — 526).
Woods, generally.
Spores, subglobose, miuutely echinulate, 7-9^ and 9 X 7^*
R. CHAMAELEONTINA, Fr. (P. 158).
Common, June, through summer.
Spore.s, yellowish, subglobose, echiuulate, 6-7 and 6 X 7.5m-
R. pusiLLA, Pk. (P. — 817).
Common. On mossy sward under trees, all summer.
Mus. Rep. 50, p. 99.
Spores, white, subglobose, echiuulate, 6-9y«.
R. LUTEOBASis, Pk. (P. — 704) n. sp.
Forest park, June 22-1900; Ramona park and
Forsythe woods, 1903, Rare. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI.
April, 1904.
Spores, smooth, pale cream, subglobose, 6-8/^.
R. UNCIALIS, Pk. (P.— 1072).
In woods, scattering. Rare. Small. Mus. Rep. Bull.
No. 2, p. 10. 1887.
Spores, white, subglobose, echinulate, 6-8,"-
R. PURPURiNA, Quel, (P. — 848).
June and July. Scattering. Mus. Rep. 42, p. 24.
Spores, subglobose, minutely warted, 6-7i".
R. SORORIA, Fr. (P. — 156).
The commonest russula.
Gray. Spores, subglobose, smooth, Q-7fJ-
f
68 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
R. PECTiNATA, (Bull.) Fr. (P. — 1147).
Common. Mus. Rep. 43, p. 21.
Spores, pale cream, subglobose, echinulate, G-Sl-t.
R. MARIAE, Pk. (P. — 1081).
Jefferson Barracks, June 8, 1903; later, at Ramona
park, Forsythe woods. Rare. Mus. Rep. 24, p. 74;
25, p. 109; 57, pi. 85.
Spores, cream, globose, warted, 6-7. Bp-.
R. INTEGRA, Fr. (P. — 484).
Common, June to frost. Excellent.
Spores, cream to yellow, subglobose, echinulate, 7-9 X ^M-
R. NiGRESCENTiPES, Pk. (P. — 1148) n. sp.
Forsythe woods. Sept. 13, 1904. Rare. Bull. Torr.
Bott. CI. 33. 1906.
Spores, white, rough, subglobose, 4 X ^f^-
R. DEN8IFOLIA, Sccr. ? (1080).
Bellefontaine cemetery. July 31, 1903. Very dis-
tinct. Rare. No report from Peck.
Spores, white, smooth, subglobose, 5-7 and 8 X ^^•
R. HETEROPHYLLA, Fr. ? (527).
Forest park, July 9, 1899. Rare.
Spores, white, subglobose, 6-8/^.
R. OCHROPHYLLA, Pk. (P. — 1092).
Woods, generally, scattering. Mus. Rep. 50, p. 100.
Spores, subglobose, echinulate, 7-9^.
R. LUTEA, (Huds) Fr. 702.
Bellefontaine cemetery, Aug. 24, 1899. Only 3
specimens.
R. oLivASCENS, Fr. ? (1094).
Ramona park, Aug. 15, 1903. Rare. Mus. Rep. 32,
p. 32.
Spores, white, globose, 6-9^.
R. FOETENS va7\ 8UBFOETEN8, Smith, Jour. Bot. 1873, (1146).
Ramona Park, June 30, 1903.
Spores, cream, subglobose, minutely echinulate, 6-8 and 9 X 7M'
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 69
K. SUBVELUTINUS, n. sp. (P. — 1091).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 16, 1903. One of our finest
reds. Large. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 33, 1906.
Spores, cream, smooth, globose, 6-8/^.
K. CYANOXANTHA, Schtieff. (1254).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 30, 1905, abundant.
Spores, white, smooth, subgloboee, nucleate, 5-7/^-
K. ALUTACEA, Fr. (1259).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 2, 1905, abundant.
Spores, yellow, subglobose, echinulate, 8-9^.
E. sp. (1183).
St. Louis, Sept. 10, 1902.
CANTHARELLUS.
C. ciBARius, Fr. (P. — 393).
Open woods. Never abundant. Gregarious. Mus.
Rep. 37, p. 38.
Spores, 6-9 X 3-5M-
C. AURANTIACUS, Fr. (406).
Ramona park, Aug. 1, 1903. Rare. Mus. Rep. 37,
p. 35. 1887; and 23, p. 123.
Spores, subglobose, smooth, 6-7.5 X 4-5M'
C. CINNABARINUS, Schw. (P. 89).
O'Fallon park, June 16, 1899, Ramona park, 1903.
Not common. Edible. Gregarious. Mus. Rep. 37,
p. 39; 52: pi. 60. 1898.
MARASMIUS.
M. ANOMALUS, Pk. (P. 137).
Common, on trunks and decaying leaves. Mus. Rep.
24, p. 76.
Spores, 4-5 X 3/^-
M. 8UBNUDUS, (Ellis) Pk. (P. — 224). M. peronatus sub-
nudus, Ellis.
Common on dead wood. Mus. Rep. 51, p. 287.
1897.
Spores, apical, 6-8 X 4-5/^.
70 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
M. POLYPHYLLUS, Pk. (P. 668).
Monarch, and Moselle, Mo. May 27, 1899, and July,
1902. Mus. Eep. 51, p. 286. 1897.
M. SPONGI08U8, B. and C. (P. — 127).
Forest park, Aug. 14, 1899. Also, at Creve Coeur.
On the ground. Sacc. V. 137, 573.
Spores, 4.5 X 3i"-
M. ELONGATIPES, Pk. (P. 856).
Creve Coeur, July 2, 1902. Rare. Mus. Rep. 27, p. QQ.
M. 8CORODONIUS, Fr. (P. — 326).
White form. Common and abundant. May to Sept.
On the ground and sticks, in damp shady places.
Edible. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 125.
Spores, 6 X*-5/^-
M. SCORODONIOUS, (P. — 916).
In dry pasture, dry weather, (light brown form).
M. CAESPITOSUS, Pk. (P. — 1051).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 6, 1902. Mus. Rep. 26, p. 65.
M. SALIGNUS, Pk. (P. — 408).
Forest park, July 8, 1899. On base of live elm.
Mus. Rep. 35, p. 125; 41, p. 85.
M. WYNNEi, B &Br. (P. — 942).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 26, 1902. On mucky bottom
ground. Only two specimens. Illust. " Fungi Triden-
tini " Bres.
M. CAMPANULATUS, Pk. (P. 119).
Common on leaves and twigs, shady places. Mus.
Rep. 23, p. 126.
M. ROTULA, (Scop.) Fr. (P. — 120).
Very common on leaves and dead wood. Mus. Rep.
23, p. 126.
M. RESiNOSUs NiVEUS, Pk. in ed. (P. — 1052).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 6, 1902.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 71
M. NiGRiPES, Schw. (853).
Creve Coeur, July and Aug. 1902. On twigs and
leaves. Rare. See Myc. Notes, no. 5; illust. p. 46, —
Lloyd.
M. RAMEALIS, (Bull) F. (P. —949).
Calvary cemetery, Aug. 29, 1902. On dead herba-
ceous plants.
M. sp. (401).
Allenton, Mo., by Mr. Letterman.
M. sp. (1140).
Moselle, Mo. On wood.
M. sp. (1063).
Creve Coeur. On wood.
Note — Several more species undet.
LENTINUS.
L. LECOMPTEi, Fr. (P. — 42).
Very common. On stumps.
This is Panus rudis, Fr. of Europe, (Lloyd).
L. LEPiDEUS, Fr. (298).
Creve Coeur, May 30, 1899, on R. R. pine lumber;
St. James, Mo. on Willow. Specimen 8.5 in. broad.
Rare. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 126; 41, p. 91; illust. to show
destructive character.
Spores, 7-8.5 X 3M-
L. URSiNUS, Fr. (P. —778).
Calvary cemetery, Oct. 24, 1900, on elm trunk. Rare.
Mus. Rep. p. 964. 1901.
Spores, subglobose, 3-3.5//.
L. TiGRiNUS, Fr. (839).
Creve Coeur, May 6, 1902, on stump; E. St. Louis,
May 8 and July 12, 1902. On R. R. tracks, roots and
ground, quite plentiful. It roots deeply, and is often
caespitose.
Spores, oX 3i"-
72 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
L. MiCROSPERMus, Pk. (P. — 1188) n. sp.
Creve Coeur, May 20, 1904. Three specimens only,
on wood. Bull. Tor. Bot. CI. 33. 1906.
Spores, globose, white, S-ip-.
PANUS.
P. STYPTicus, (Bull) Fr. (P. — 43).
On dead wood. Late season.
P. MERULiCEPS, Pk. (P. — 102) n. sp.
Forest park, June 1, 1898; Creve Coeur, 1902; Cal-
vary cemetery, Sept. 22, 1904, always on elm. Very
rare. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 32, 1905.
Spores, pale pinkish, rough, subglobose, 7y(^6fi.
SCHIZOPHYLLUM.
S. COMMUNE, Fr. (P. — 76). /S. alneum (L.) Schi^oet.
Common.
LENZITES.
L. BETULINA, Fr.* (P. 41).
Common.
L. viALis, Pk. (P. — 140).
O'Fallon park, June 3, 1898; St. Charles, and Creve
Coeur. On trunks. Eare. Mus. Rep. 26, p. 67 ; Bull.
Bufe. Soc. Nat. Sci. p. 59, 1873.
L. SEPiARiA, Fr. (Undw. — 258).
On bridge timber, (yellow pine), July 10, 1898; 1904.
Rare.
POL.YPOBEI.
BOLETACEAE.
BoLETiNUS POROSus, Berk (P. — 104).
July to October. 1902, very abundant at Creve
Coeur. Low shaded ground. Mus. Rep. 37, p. 32.
Spores, smooth, 9-12 X 6-7/^.
* T. trabea, Fr. (Lloyd).
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 73
BOLETUS.
B. RUBINELLUS, Pk. (P. 105).
June to October. Our most abundant boletus. Dry
mossy banks and wooded hillsides. Mus. Eep. 33, p. 33 :
pi. 2.
Spores, 9-11 X4-5At.
B. CASTANEUS, Bull. (P. — 106).
April to end of summer. On mossy sward. Scarcely
common. Edible.
Spores, 9 X 5/^-
B. CASTANEUS viNicoLOR, Pk, (P. — 1074) n. var.
I find a few every year. Habitat same as preceding.
Rare.
Spores, 9.8 X 6/^-
B. iNDECisus, Pk. (P — 744).
June to Sept. Rather common. Open woods.
Excellent. Large. Peck's '♦ Boleti " p. 153. 1889.
Spores, 9-11.5 X *-5^-
B. SUBTOMENTOSUS, L. (P. 108).
June to October, all places, but scarce.
Sporeg, green-olive, 10-12 X i-SZ-t.
B. PIPERATUS, Bull. (P. — 1189.
Bellefontaine cemetery, July 14, 1904.
Spores, green-olive, 11-13 X *-*-^^*
B. ALUTARius, Fr. (probably) (P. — 1175).
Ramona park, July 9, 1904. Peck's ''Boleti," p. 153.
Spores, lignt-chocolate, fusiform, 11. 5-14.5 X 3-4. 5;i.
B. ILLUDENS, Pk. (P.— 1107).
Ramona park, Aug. 1, 1903; Creve Coeur, Aug. 20,
1903. Rare. Mus. Rep. 50, p. 108. 1897.
Spores, green-olive, fusiform, 7-10 X 4.5^-
B. MDTABiLis, Morg. (P. 1190).
Bellefontaine cemetery, June 28, 1904. Peck's
''Boleti" p. 120; Mus. Rep. 53, p. 845. 1898.
Spores, 10-11.5 X *-5/^-
74 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
B. NIGRELLUS, Pk. ? (1104).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 18, 1903. Single. Mus. Rep.
29, p. 44.
Spores, narrowly ovoid, 8.5-11.5 X 4-5/^-
B. SEPARANS, Pk. (489).
July and August. Open woods. Boleti, U. S. Pk.
Spores, 10-12 X 4-5/^«
B. EDULis, Bull. (349).
June to Sept. Rare. Mus. Rep. illust. 1895.
Spores, dingy-olive-brown, 11-14 X 4. 3M.
B. soRDiDus, Frost, (413).
June to August, a few scattering, in woods.
Spores, pale brown with pinkish tint, 11.3-13 X 4-5M«
B. ORNATIPES, Pk. (396).
Allenton, July and August, 1899 by Mr. Letterman.
Also Middlebrook, Mo. Aug. 13, 1905. Mus. Rep. 55,
p. 975 : pi. 80. 1901.
Spores, light snuff-brown, 11.4 X*'3/^*
B. CHRTSENTERON, Fr. ? (803).
Forest park, June 20, 1900. Rare.
spores, fusitonn, 10-12.5 X *-5-6Ai.
B. AURIPORUS, Pk. (1105).
Forsythe woods, Sept. 10, 1903. Only a few speci-
mens.
Spores, elliptical, 6-8 X 5-6,"-
B. FERRUGiNEUs, Frost. ? (1106).
Chain of Rocks, Sept. 20, 1903; Allenton, 1899, by
Letterman.
Spores, very variable, 4-14X 2-6i", usually, 7-10 X ^Z^-
B. BicoLOR, Pk. (P. —474).
Ramona park, Sept. 1905. Mus. Rep. 23, p. 78: pi.
2; 24, p. 78; 54: pi. 81.
Spores, 9-10.5 X 3-4/-^.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 75
B. SCABER, Fr. (1108).
Forsythe woods, Aug. 18, 1903. Single. See Peck's
''Boleti."
Spores, 12-15 X *-6M-
B. RIMOSELLUS, Pk. ? (480).
Bellefontaine cemetery, Aug. 22, 1899. Rare.
Spores, 13-15 X 5^-
B. PALLiDUS, Frost. ? (535).
St. Louis. Mus. Rep. (Boleti) p. 113; 54: pi. 81.
Spores, very pale-brown, spindle, 9-12X4-5M-
B. PURPUREUS, Fr. ? (475).
Bellefontaine cemetery, Oct. 13, 1898 ; Allenton, Aug.
15, 1899, by Mr. Letter man. Rare.
Spores, elliptic, fusiform, very variable, 7. 5-11. 5 X 4-5-6/^.
B. SULLIVANTII B. & M. ? (395).
Allenton, Mo. July 24, 1899, by Mr. Letterman.
Single.
Spores, narrowly fusiform, 10-17X3-4.5.
B. RADiCANS, Pers. ? (1167).
Woods, Ashby road, St. Louis Co., Aug. 20, 1903.
Single .
Spores, 10-13 X 5-6/^-
B. sp. (1303).
Meramec Highlands, October 5, 1905.
B. GRISEUS, Frost (1237)?
Meramec Highlands. Oct. 25, 1905.
Spores, browu-olive, subf usiform, 12 X ^i-"-
B. SUBVELUTIPES, Pk. (429).
Aug. 2, 1899. Allenton, by G. W. Letterman. Mus.
Rept. 23 p. 130.
Spores, elliptic, 10-13.5 X 3.5-4. »M-
B. RUBEUS, Frost, (1325).
Forest park, Aug. 14, 1899. Peck's ''Boleti."
Spores, elliptic, 9-10.5 X 4-5/^-
NoTB. — Several species undet.
76 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
STROBILOMYCES.
S. STROBiLACEUS, (Scop.) Berk. (103).
June to Sept. Open woods and grassy swards. Fre-
quent but not plentiful. Edible.
POLYSTICTUS.
P. VERSICOLOR, Fr. (P. — 1).
Very common, on stumps and trunks. Sacc. Vol. vi.
p. 253.
P. PERGAMENUS, Fr. (P. 14).
Common.
P. PERGAMENUS, Schw. (P. — 14). "Whitish form."
Mus. Rep. 33, p. 36. See remarks by Peck; Sacc.
Vol. 6, p. 225.
P. P8EUDO-PERGAMENUS, (Thuu) SaCC. (P. 37).
Common. Sacc Vol. 6, p. 242.
P. HIRSUTUS, Fr. (P. — 16).
Common. Sacc. Vol. 6, p. 257.
P. HIRSUTUS ALBIPORUS, Pk. (P. 813).
Forest park, Jan. 24, 1900, and May 8, 1902. On
bark.
P. PARVULUS SIMILLIMUS, Pk. (P. 34).
JP. parvulus, klatsch. Mus. Rep. 32, p. 34.
POLYPORUS.
P. PERENNIS, Fr. (971).
Creve Coeur, May 23, 1903, abundant on ground of
burnt trunks. Brown, turns gray when old.
Spores, subglobose, echlnulate, 6-7/^.
P. VARius, Fr. (P. — 915).
Monarch and Creve Coeur. July, 1902. On the
ground. Rare.
Olatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 77
P. HUMILIS, Pk. (P. — 903).
Creve Coeur, July 23, 1902, on wood. Rare. Mus.
Rep. 26, p. 69; McLvaine, p. 484.
P. PiciPES, Fr. (P.— 2).
On trunks. Rather common.
P. ARCULARius, (Batsch) Fr. (P. — 33).
Common, on hard, dead wood. Early summer. Sacc.
Vol. vi. p. 67.
P. EADICATUS, Schw. (P. 6).
On the ground. Scattering. Rare. Sacc. Vol. vi.
p. 58.
P. FLAVo-viRENS, B & R. (Undw. — 436).
Allenton, by Letterman, 1 specimen; Aug. 1. 1899;
Chautauqua — Piasa, 111. Aug. 1,1902, one. Meramec
Highlands, abundant, on the ground Sept. 1905.
Spores, subglobose, 3-4.5^.
P. ANAX, Berk.* (P.— 15).
Seems a Syn. of P. frondosus. On the ground, at base
of black oaks. Common. Only in late season. Edible,
when young.
P. GIGANTEUS, Fr. (P. 18).
June to October. At stumps. May weigh 15-20 lbs.
Edible when young.
P. SULPHUREUS, (Bull) Fr. (P. — 19).
Rather common, on trunks and stumps. Excellent
when young.
P. BERKELETI, Fr. (P. 864).
Creve Coeur, July 2, 1902, on the ground near stump
weight 20 lbs; later, another fine specimen, near base of
white oak; same place, 1904; Monarch, one.
Spores, globose, echinulate, 5-6/^.
* This Is P. frondosus, Fr. — Lloyd.
78 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
P. EPILEUCUS, Fr. VAR. CANDIDUS, Pk. (P. 918).
Horse-Shoe lake, 111., Aug. 5, 1902, on willow trunk;
Walnut park, Aug. 21, 1902, on old stump. Sacc. vi.
p. 109.
P. spRAGUEii B. & C. (Murrill, — 424).
Forest park, July 26, 1899; Chain of Rocks, Sept.
20, 1903. At base of black oaks. Grev. i, p. 50; Sacc.
vi. p. 117.
Spores, globose and subglose,4.5-6/i.
P. NiDULANS, Fr. (Murrill — 910).
Monarch, July 27, 1902; Ramona park, 1903. Very
rare. Mus. Rep. 30, p. 45.
Spores, elliptic, or globose, 3 X 2.6M-
P. RESiNOsus, (Schrad.) Fr. (Undw. — 665).
On rotting trunks. Occasionally. Sacc. vi, p. 137.
P. OBTusus, Berk. (Undw. — 490).
On hard, dead trunks. 1904, specimen on dead,
standing black oak. Rare. Sacc. vi, p. 134.
P. CONNATUS, Fr.* (Undw. — 680). Fomes popuUnus^
(Schum.) Cke.
Oct. 1899-1900. On Linden and Willow. Rare.
Seems same as P. fumosus. Fr. (P. — 693).
P. GiLvus, Schw. (P. — 12).
Very common, on dead wood.
Sacc. Vol. vi, p. 121.
P. ADUSTUS, (Willd.) Fr. (P. — 17).
Very common. On trunks.
P. FUMOSUS Fr. (P. — 693).
See above, P. connatus. My specimens seem to
belong here.
P. DISTORTUS, Schw. (P. 8).
On hard Sycamore trunk. Seems like P. adustus^
(P. _17). Sacc. Vol. vi, p. 101.
* P. connatus found only on Acer, — Lloyd.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 79
P. RENiFORMis, ? (Undw. — 446).
"Specimen too old." Determined with a doubt, by
Prof. Murrill, as Ganoderma sessile. O'Fallon park, in
decaying cleft of a black oak.
Pyropolyporus everhartii, Ell & Gall. (Murrill — 257).
On black oak. Rare.
P. CAUDiciNus (Scop) Murr. (Murr. — 1187).
Calvary cemetery, June 1, 1904. Single, on hard, dry
trunk. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 31, Jan. 1904.
P. IGNIARIU8, Fr. ? (1214).
St. Louis, April 22, 1905. Old, single specimen on
living Quercus imbricaria .
Spores, globose, 6/^ and elliptic, 6-7.5 X 4-5/^'
Inonotus hirsutus, (Scop.) Murr. (Murr. — 1321).
Bellefontaine cemetery, Oct. 2, 1904. On living black
oak. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. 31, Nov. 1904.
FOMES.
F. FRAXiNOPHiLUS, Pk. (Murnll — 696).
On ash trees. Mus. Rep. 35, p. 136. See interesting
brochure, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bull. 32, by H.
von Schrenk.
F. RiMosus, Berk, (von Schr. — 1215).
On Robinia pseudacacia, about 40 miles south of St.
Louis, by von Schrenk. See paper by H. von Schrenk,
12th Annual Rept. Mo. Bot. Garden.
F. LUCiDUS (Leys) Fr. (P. — 10).
Common. Chiefly on black oaks. Sacc. Vol. vi, p.
158.
F. OBLiQuus, (Pers.) Fr. (P. — 1338.)
Meramec Highlands, Apr. 14, 1906, by Mr. Perry
Spaulding.
80 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
F. cuRTisii, Berk. (P. — 11).
Same as F. lucidus, with stipe added. Sacc. Vol.
vi, p. 121.
F. APPLANATUS, (Pers.) Wallr. (P. — 7.)
Y. LeuGophaeiis, — (Undw.). Now, Elfvingia mega-
loma, (Leav.) Murrill. Sacc. Vol. vi, p. 176. Very
common.
Spores, 8-9 X 5M- — (Murrill").
BJERKANDERA.
B. ROBiNiOPHiLA, Murrill. (Murr. — 1212), n. sp. (Soon to
be published).
Single, March 11, 1905. On a living Locust, near
Tower Grove park.
Spores, globose and ovoid, 6-8A.
TRAMETES.
T. ciNNABARiNUS (Jacq.) Fr. (P. — 20).
Mostly on Prunus serotina. Rather rare. Sacc. Vol.
vi, p. 353.
T. SEPiuM, Berk. (P. — 32) " Pale form.''
Rare. Sacc. Vol. vi, p. 342.
T. PECKii, Kalchb.* (P. —840.)
East St. Louis, May 8, 1902; River bottom, St.
Charles, Mo. On willow trunks. Rare.
GLOEOPORUS.
G. coNCHOiDES, Mont. (P. — 26).
Calvary cemetery and Forest park, 1902. Rather
rare. Sacc. Vol. vi, p. 403.
* Known in Europe as T. Trogii, Berk, and in some books as T. hispida.
(Lloyd).
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 81
DAEDALEA.
D. coNFRAGOSA, Pers.* (P. — 3).
Very common, especially on Willows. See Peck's
Mus. Rep. 30, p. 71, for interesting dissertation on its
relations.
D. AMBiGUA, Berk.t (P. — 4). Trametes ambigua, (Benth)
Fr.
Common. One specimen, now in Herb. Mo. Bot.
Garden, by Mr. Russel, measures 22 in. broad.
D. UNicoLOR, Fr. (P. — 16).
On oak. Rather rare.
FAVOLUS.
F. EUROPAEUS, Fr. (P. — 27), Favolus alveolarius Quel.
(Undw. — 641).
On hard dry wood. Rare. Sacc. vi, p. 392.
F. CANADENSIS, Klotsch. (P. 35).
On dry, dead wood. Rare. Sacc. Vol. vi, p. 400.
MERULIUS.
M. TREMELLOSUS, Schrad. (P. — 708).
October and November. Somewhat common.
Spores, cymbiform, 3-4 X V^-
M. LACHRYMANS, Fr. (821).
Common. Under plank walks, of pine material.
M. RUBELLUS, Pk. (1327 — P).
Middlebrook, Mo., Aug. 13, 1905, on wood.
Spores, elliptic, 5-6 X 3/^.
* In Europe, called trametes (or Daedalea) rubescens, (also Bulliardii) .
Lloyd.
t la Europe, called Lenzites applanata. — Lloyd.
82 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
HYDNEI.
H. GELATiNOSUM, Scop. (445). Tremelodoii gelatinosum^
Pers.
Allenton, on decayed Sycamore by Mr. Letterman.
Eare. See remarks: Myc. Notes, 259, and illust. —
Lloyd.
H. OCHRACEUM, P.* (P. 38).
Kather common.
H. ADUSTUM, Schw. (Undw. — 440).
Meramec Highlands, 1899 ; Creve Coeur, 1902 ; Al-
lenton, by Letterman. Eare. Sacc. Vol. vi. p. 444.
H. REPANDUM, L. (Undw. — 471).
Found several times; Also, by Letterman. Eare.
H. AMPLISSIMUM, B & C. (P. —438).
Allenton, by Letterman, on Amelanchier, Aug. 1,
1899.
H. FLABELLiFORME, Berk. (Uudw. — 497).
Allenton, Aug. 25, 1899, by Letterman.
H. ERiNACEUS, Bull. (Undw. — 811).
Found one specimen, 1904; earlier, one at Eureka,
Mo., by Mr. Pauls; and, Meramec Highlands, 1905, one
of very large size.
H. CAPUT-URSi, Fr. (1045).
Creve Coeur, on white oak trunk, one specimen. Mus.
Eep. 51; pi. 56. Eare.
H. coRALLOiDES, Scop. (894).
Monarch, Mo., July, 15, 1902, on white oak trunk, a
great quantity ; Meramec Highlands, 1905. Mus. Eep.
22.
H. PULCHERRIMUM, B. & C. (P. 36).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 17, 1898; Belief ontaine cemetery,
Sept. 19, 1903; Eamona park, Aug. 1, 1903.
Spores, 3 X l-5.«-
* Irpex pachydon, as known in Europe = I. crassus, Berk, of Morgan.
— Lloyd.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 83
IRPEX.
I. MOLLIS, B. & C. (P.— 39).
Rare. Mus. Rep. 35, p. 136.
I. OBLiQUUS, Fr. (P. —819).
Calvary cemetery, Oct. 30, 1901. On dead wood.
CRATERELLUS.
C. CANTHARELLUS, Schw. (348).
Common and plentiful, in semi-moist places, open
woods. Edible, but without flavor.
C. coRNUCOPioiDES, Pcrs. (1253).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 30, 1905. A numerous
colony.
Spores, broadly elliptic, 10-12 X 7-8/^, salmon color, not apicu-
late as stated by Massee.
THELEPHORA.
T. CARYOPHYLLEA (Schacff.) Pers. (P. — 85).
Open woods, on the ground. Have found but 3
specimens. Ramona park, 1904.
T. PALMATA AMERICANA, Pk. (P. 1204).
Very common. Semi-moist places, open woods.
Gregarious. Mus. Rep. 53, p. 857. 1899.
T. wiLLEYi, Clint. (P. — 914).
Creve Coeur, and Monarch, June and July. On
wooded hillsides. Mus. Rep. 26, p. 71.
T. 8CHWEINITZII. (P. — 92). T. pallida, Schw.
June to August. Common. Sacc. Vol. vi. p. 534.
Note. — Found the same (1905) in Southern Pennsylvania much larger
and better developed.
84 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
STEREUM.
S. FA8CIATUM, Schw. (P. 45.)
Common, on trunks. Sacc. Vol. vi.
S. SPADICEUM, Fr. (P. — 44).
Rather common.
S. FRUSTULOSUM (Pers). Fr. (1337).
Meramec Highlands, April 14th, 1906, coll. by Mr.
Perry Spaulding, on Quercus, sp.
HYMENOCHAETE.
H. TABACINA, (Sow) Lcv. (P. 711 ).
Collected, by Mr. Russel.
CLAVARIA.
C. PUSILLA, Pk. (P. — 82).
Forest park, June to August. The only locality, now
covered with Fair buildings. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci.
p. 62. 1873; Sacc. Vol. vi. p. 708.
C. FLACCIDA, Fr. (P. — 912).
Monarch, July 15, 1902; Creve Coeur, Sept. 6, 1902,
on or near rotten trunk.
C. 8TRICTA, P. (1044).
Monarch July 15, 1902.
C. BOTRYTES, Pcrs. (P. 83).
Piasa Chautauqua, 111. 1898.
C. CORALLOIDES, L. (692).
Allenton (Dec. 2, 1899) by Mr. Letterman. Single.
C. PTXDATA, Pers. (749).
Calvary Cemetery, June 25, 1900.
C. CRiSTATA, Holmsk. ?
Jefferson Barracks, June 2, 1899.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 85
C. AUREA, Schaeff. (P. — 1252).
Meramec Highlands, Sept. 30, 1905. On the ground
in massive clusters.
Spores, elliptic, 10-12 X 4-5/^.
C. DENSA, Pk. (P.— 1257).
Meramec Highlands, Oct. 2, 1905. A colony on
rocky hillside. Mus. Rep. 41, p. 79.
Spores, dingy yellow, 12-15 X *-oM-
TREMELLINEAE.
ExiDiA ALBA, (Huds.) Bref. (P.— 49).
Common. On trunks.
HiRNEOLA, AURicuLA-jUDAE, Berk. (P. — 48).
Common, especially on elm. Edible. Relished by
some.
8UB-FAM. — DACRYOMYCETEAE.
GUEPINIA.
G. BiFORMis, Pk. (P. — 877).
Creve Coeur, July 10, 1902. On trunk. Rare.
Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. p. 20. 1900; Sacc. Vol. 16. p. 222.
G. PALMiCEPS, Berk (1336 — P).
St. Louis, 1905.
GASTEROMYOCETES.
PHALLOIDEI.
MuTiNus ELEGANS, Fishcr (Lloyd. — 867).
Woods and parks. Scattered. Myc. Notes, Jan.
1902, p. 13; illust. Fig. 15.
DiCTYOPHORA DUPLiCATA (Bosc.) Fishcr (755).
Occasionally. Bot Gazette, Nov. 1896, p. 387,—
E. A. Burt.
86 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
GEASTER.
G. SACCATUS, Fr. (P. — 56).
June to August. Common, in damp, shady places.
Spores, globose, mitutely echiuulate, 3-3.5/^.
This includes G. lageniformis, Vitt. — Lloyd.
G. HYGROMETRICUS P. (Llojd, 1059).
Allenton, by Mr. Kellogg, Apr. 28, 1899. Single.
Spores, globose, echiuulate, 9-lOM-
G. TRIPLEX, J ungh. (Lloyd, — 1029).
Allenton, by Letterman. Single. Sent to Mr. Lloyd.
Sacc. vii, p. 74.
G. MORGANi, Pk. (Lloyd, — 1028).
Creve Coeur 1902. Single. Sent to Mr. Lloyd.
G. VELUTiNUS, (Lloyd, — 1027).
Monarch, July 15, 1902. On rotten trunk. See
" Geastrae ", — Lloyd, p. 33.
Spores, globose, 2-3/^.
LYCOPERDON.
L. PYRiFORME, Schaeff. (P. — 59).
Common. On trunks.
Spores, globose, smooth, 3/^-
L. PYRIFORME VAR. TESSULATUM, (PcrS.) Lloyd.
Habitat same as preceding.
L. GEMMATUM, Batsch, (P. — 61).
Common. On trunks and low ground. Variable.
Spores, globose, smooth, 3-4/^.
L. SEPARANS, Pk. (P. — 62). L cruciatum, — Lloyd.
Common, in parks and pastures.
Spores, smooth, globose, 4-4.5/^.
L. PULCHERRIMUM, Morg. (496). Li.frostii, (Pk.), Lloyd.
Allenton, by Letterman, Aug. 25, 1899. Single.
B and C. N. Amer. Fungi; Sacc. vii, p. 112.
Olatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 87
L. CEPAEFOEME, (Bull.) (Llojd. — 1026). L. coloratum, Pk.
In pasture, 1902. Mus. Eep. 29, p. 46; 32, p. 71;
Sacc. vii. p. 124, 486.
Spores, smooth, subglobose, 4 5/-t.
L. MOLLE, Morg. (Lloyd, — 1049).
Lloyd says Peck's L. molle is different. On grassy
ground, Sept. 1902. Mus. Kep. 32, p. 69.
Spores, smooth, globose, 4/^.
L. CRANiFORME, (Schw.) Fr. (65).
Common in pastures and moist woods. Sacc. vii.
p. 106.
Spores, globose, smooth, 3/^-
L. ATROPURPUREUM, Vitt. (Lloyd, — 1024).
Creve Coeur, on wooded hillside. Sacc. xvi, p. 241.
Spores, globose, finely warted, 5-6At.
L. RiMULATUM, Pk. (Lloyd, — 1022).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 31, 1902; Bellefontaine cemetery,
(July 21, 1902), on grassy ground.
Spores, globose, echinulate, 5-6/^.
L. , sp. (1021).
" I think an unnamed species, related to L. velatum," —
Lloyd, Creve Coeur, in woods on the ground.
Spores, pedicillate, globose, 4-5/i.
L. GLABELLUM, Pk. (Lloyd, — 1023).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 31,1902. U. S. sp. Lye— Pk. p. 20.
Spores, pedicillate, smooth, subglobose, 3-5/^.
L. LONGISPORUM, Berk. (Lloyd, — 1025).
Creve Coeur, Aug. 21, 1902. On trunk. " Possibly
not to be distinguished from L. oblongisporum. Berk."
Sacc. xiv. p. 263.
Spores, pedicillate, elliptic, 4-5 X 3-4^.
CALVATIA.
C. LiLACiNA, Berk. (Lloyd, — 65). C. Cyathiforme, Bosc.
C.fragilis, (Witt) Pk.
Common in old pastures. Mus. Rep. 32, p. 63.
Spores, globose, echiaulate, 5-6/«.
88 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
C. RUBROFLAVA, Cragiii. (P. — 64).
July and August. Forest park, Bellefontaine ceme-
tery, Creve Coeur, 1902. Low ground.
Spores, globose, smooth, 3-4^*
C. CAELATUM, Bull. ? (Lloyd, — 1195 ) .
"Specimens too young." World's Fair ground,
June 16, 1904. Sacc. Vol. vii, p. 115.
BOVISTELLA.
B. OHIOEN8IS, (Lloyd, — 826).
In pastures, 1900-2. Not common.
Spores, pedicillate, elliptic, 4.5 X 3/"-
So far as known, all the Puff-balls are edible.
SECOTIUM.
S. WARNEi, (P. — 54). S. acuminatum y (Lloyd).
Dallas, Tex. June 18, 1898.
The second exception, to my rule of including only St. Louis
species.
ARACHNION.
A. ALBUM, Schw. (P. — 57).
In pastures and parks. See, Myc. Notes: 249, —
Lloyd.
SCLEEODERMA.
S. TENERUM, Berk. (Lloyd — 917). S. viilgare, (P. — 566).
Rare. See Myc. Notes, Lloyd ; 156 — Note 12, and
Fig. 27; also, Fig. 35, pi. 7.
Spores, globose, echiuulaie, 11-13/''.
S. VERRUCOSUM, Pers. (Lloyd, — 827).
In woods, 1902, very plentiful.
Spores, globose, echinulate, 10-13/^.
S. CEPA, Pers. (Lloyd,— 420).
In woods, 1903. Calvary cemetery, Aug. 2, 1902.
See note, p. 13 — "The Gastromycetes," — Lloyd.
Spores, globose, echinulate, 9-10A«.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 89
POLYSACCUM.
P. pisocARPiuM, Fr. (Lloyd, — 893).
Forest park, June 1902; Bellefontaine cemetery,
Sept. 1903; Chain of Eocks, Sept. 20, 1903, plentiful.
Sacc. vii. p. 148.
Spores, globose, warted, 7.5-10/^.
PHALLOGASTER.
P. SACCATus, Morg. (Lloyd, — 337).
Meramec Highlands, June 18, 1899, on trunk. Single.
Eare.
Peridiola, 3-4 X U-2/^-
NIDULAEIACEAE.
CYATHUS.
C. VERNICOSUS, DC. (815).
On the ground, Oct. 18, 1902.
C. STRiATUs, Hoffm. (883).
Creve Coeur, July 14, 1902. On mossy trunk. See
Myc. Notes, : pi. 2, Fig. 19, — Lloyd.
C. LESUERII, Tul. (P. — 75).
On old carpet, July 31, 1898. Mus. Eep. p. 954.
1901.
CEUCIBULUM.
C. VULGARE, Tul. (323).
On dead bark and rubbish.
MYXOMYCETES.
TiLMADOCHE viRiDis, (Bull.) Sacc. (P. — 274).
Forest park, June 8, 1899.
Spores, 7-9M-
90 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
TiLMADOCHE POLYCEPHALA, (ScllW.) Macbl'. (P. 1060).
Physarum poly7norphnm, Rost.
Spores, 7-9^.
FuLiGo ovATA, (Schaeff.) (Mcbr. — 277).
Rather common, on stumps and rotting trunks.
Spores, globose, smooth, 6-7. 5fJ--
Lycogola epidendrum, Fr. (P. — 52.)
Forest park. On trunks, May 18, 1898.
STEMONITIS.
S. MORGANi, Pk. (Macbr — 261).
May to July. Common. On trunks. Bot. Gazette,
p. 33, March, 1880.
Spores, smooth, 7.5-9^.
S. SMiTHii, Macbr. (Macbr. — 262).
Forest park, June 8, 1899. Outranks.
Spores, &/J-.
S. MAXIMA, Schw. (Macbr. — 1153).
Forest park, June 8, 1899.
Spores, 7-9A.
ARCYRIA.
A. DENUDATA, (L) Shcld. (Macbr. — 69). A. punicea, Pers.
Forest park, June, 1899. See, Myx. p. 195, — Macbr.
Spores, 5-7.5/^.
A. ALBiDA, (Pers.) Lister (275). Mycetozoa, p. 186. A.
cinerea, (Bull.) Pers. Myx. p. 196, (Macbr.).
Forest park, June 8, 1899, June 20, 1900.
Spores, smooth, 6-7/«.
A. DiGiTATA, (Schw.) Rost. (P. 66).
A variety of A. albida, — Lister.
Hemiarcyria rubiformis, (P. — 68). Hemitrichia vespar-
ium, (Batsch) (1154) Macbr. : Myx. p. 203.
Forest park, May and June, 1898-99.
Spores, 9-10^.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 91
Hemitrichia, 8TIPITATA, Mass. (Macbr. — 719).
Forest park, Jan. 24, 1900.
Spores, 9-IOM'
CoMATRiCHA, STEMONITI8 (Scop). Sheld. (Macbr. — 1157).
Forest park, 6-20-1900.
Trichia scabra, Kost. (Macbr. — 1156).
Forest park, Jan. 1900.
Spores, rough, 11.5-14.5/^.
ASCOMYCETES.
MORCHELLA.
M. ESCULENTA, Pers. (312).
Common, along the bottoms and bluffs of the Missouri
and Mississippi rivers. From middle April to early part
of May. Plentiful in market at this period.
GYROMITRA.
G. BRUNNEA, Undw. (P. — 835).
In St. Louis market, April 25, 1902.
From South Mo. One specimen, by Letterman, Al-
lenton, Mo.; 2 at Chain of Rocks, May 5, 1904. One
of these weighed, 1| lbs. being 7 in. tall, 6 in. di.
Apr. 14, 1906, some specimens at M. Highlands. Edible.
Proc. Ind. Acad. 1893, p. 33.
Sporidia, nucleate, 20-29 X 12-1 5,tt.
HELVELLA.
H. CRISPA, Fr. (1012).
Creve Coeur, Sept. 21, 1902. Single. Woods.
Sporidia, 17.5 X 10-11. 5/^.
H. SULCATA, Afz. (313).
May, 1899. Woods, on Florrissant road.
Sporidia, 20-23 X H-^/^-
92 Trayis. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
H. ELASTICA, Bull. (305).
Cemetery. Jeff. Barracks, May, 30, 1899 and June
2, 1899.
H. MACROPUS, (Pers.) Karst. (P. — 234).
On mossy ground, Oct. 23, 1898. Single.
PEZIZAE.
P. BADiA, Pers. (P. — 836).
Belief ontaine cemetery, May 5, 1902.
A colony on the ground.
Sporidia, 16-20X7-8/^ rougb.
P. VESICULOSA, Bull. (P. — 1082).
Missouri Bot. Gardens, April 22, 1903; May 6, 1904,
same place. On manure and ground. Taste like Mor-
chella. Edible. See pi. 19, Pilze, Deutschlands, Vol.
i, p. 38, — Ditmar.
Sporidia, 20-24 X 10.5-12/".
P. sp. (1211).
On wood.
Sporidia, 30 X 6M-
P. sp. (1066).
Creve Coeur, July 2, 1902, on rotting trunk. No re-
port from Peck.
Sporidia, smooth, 13-16 X 9-10. Large.
SARCOSCYPHA.
S. cocciNEA, Jacq. (717).
Forest park, Jan. 14, 1900. Two specimens. On
dry sticks.
Sporidia, 24-33 X 9-12i^.
S. TLOCCOSA, (Schw.) Cke. (P. — 336).
Creve Coeur, June 24, 1899. On sticks. Sacc. viii.
p. 156.
Sporidia, 24-30 X 12-1 5/^, smooth.
Glatfelter — Preliminary List of Higher Fungi. 93
LACHNEA.
L. SCUTELLATA, (L.) Soil. (P. 70).
Forest park, June to Aug. On rotton wood; also,
in hot-house, on cow dung, March 18, 1905.
Sporidia, 17-20.5 X I'-^-'M-
sp. (828),
Meramec Highlands, Apr. 14, 1900.
Sporidia, 15 X *-6-"» smooth.
GEOPYXIS.
G. HESPERiDiA, C & P Sacc. (P. — 72).
On dry twigs. May to July.
BULGARIA.
B. RUTA, Schw. (P. — 398).
Forest park, June and July. Also by Letterman.
On small sticks.
Sporidia, elliptic, 17-20X9-11^-
DERM ATE AE.
Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr. (P. — 322.
Allenton, by Letterman. Sacc. Vol. viii. p. 549.
Sporidia, 23-33 X 10-13//.
SPHAERIACEI.
xylariia.
X. POLYMORPHA, (Pei's.) Grcv. (P. — 88).
Common on rotting trunks, June to Aug.
Sporidia, 24X7.5-9/^.
X. DiGiTATA (L) Grev. (86).
Habitat same as preceding. Mus. Rep. 31, p. 59; 50,
p. 133.
Sporidia, 10-12 X^-SM-
94 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
X. FLABELLirORMIS, ScllW. (P. 77).
Forest park, July 14, 1899. On wood. Rare.
X. coRNiFORMis, Isavia flahelUformis, (conidial) (Undw. —
701).
Forest park. June 8, 1899. Rare.
USTULINA.
U. VULGARIS, Tul. (Undw. — 293).
" Conidial Stage." May. Rare.
Sporidia, 4-6 X 3 P--> white, subspindle shape.
HYPOXYLON.
H. coNCENTRicuM Grev. Daldinia concentrica, (Bolt.) C.
&D. (P. — 50).
On dead wood. Occasionally.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Hypomyces lactifluorum, (Schw.) Tul. (Undw. — 604).
The host is Lactarius piperaia, which becomes de-
formed. Mus. Rep. 53, p. 858. 1899.
OzoNiUM AURicoMUM, LiNK. (Pammel, — 47).
Common on bark. Sec. Myc. Notes, 257, — Lloyd
for interesting comments.
Sepidonium chrysospermum (Bull.) Fr. (P. — 112).
On Boleti, especially, B. rubinelhis, which is often
clothed white all over.
DiATRYBE STIGMA (Hoffm.) Fr. (von Schrenk, — 1165).
On dead stick. See N. A. Pyrenomycetes, p. 565,
Ellis & E.
Rhizomorphs, (1166).
Forest park, Apr. 18, 1900. These are an extraordi-
nary development, of anastomosing hj^phae, under the
bark of a decaying elm trunk.
Issued June 14, 1906.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOIi. XVI. No. 5.
THE NASAL SKELETON OF AMBLYSTOMA
PUNCTATUM (Linn.)
WITH PLATES II, HI, IV, V.
ROBERT J. TERRY.
Issued Dec, 1, 1906.
THE NASAL SKELETON OF AMBLYSTOMA
PUNCTATUM (Linn.)
Egbert J. Terry.*
The nasal skeleton of the Urodela presents itself in a num-
ber of forms which differ more or less widely from each other
as well as from the types met with in the Anura; that is to
say, comparisons of the fully formed skeletons have shown
apparently no common order of structure.
One object of this work was to study the early stages
in the chondrification of the nasal skeleton of an Amphi-
bian and to compare them with the developing nasal skele-
tons in others in the hope of finding resemblances which
in the adults are not marked. For this purpose Ambly-
stoma was selected because it is a typical form and because
a certain part of the work has already been accomplished.
A second object concerned the plan of chondrocranial forma-
tion and perfection in the ethmoidal region for which Am-
blystoma seemed suitable in the vigorous development of its
cartilaginous head-skeleton. The bony framework of the
nose has not been included in the present investigation.
Winslow ('98) used Amblystoma as the basis of his work
on the chondrocranium describing five stages, viz., in the
body-lengths of 10, 11, 12, 39 and 69 mm., and though he
does not deal specially with the nasal skeleton, his discrip-
tions of this region are full. I have selected and described
stages between the total lengths of 12 and 39 mm., but was
unable to obtain animals between 45 and 69 mm., the want
of which was much felt.
The excellent series of young larval heads which were
at my disposal were kindly loaned by my friends Pro-
fessor and Mrs. Simon H. Gage, to whom I offer my best
thanks. This material from the Cornell Embryological
* Presented tx) The Academy of Science of St. Louis, Feb. 6, 1906.
(95)
96 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Laboratory, consisted in eight heads of Amblystoma punc-
tatura, serial sectioned.
The animals were of the following total lengths :
No. 57 12mm.
58 13mm.
59a 17mm.
59 19mm.
60a 21-24mm.
61 24-27mm.
62 : 27-30mm.
63 30-33mm.
All of these heads were transected, except the last one in
the list which was cut in the frontal plane ; all sections were
10/x thick.
Besides this full series of small larval heads the nasal
region in Amblystoma of 40-45mm. in length was studied
by means of serial sections and dissection. These ani-
mals were obtained at Woods Hole, and I take this oppor-
tunity to express my appreciation of the courtesies shown me
while finishing the work at the Marine Biological Laboratory.
Dissections of adult heads also were made, and frontal sec-
tions of an adult right nasal capsule were prepared and
studied. For this material I am indebted to my friend, Mr.
Julius Hurter.
The ethmoidal region of Nos. 58, 59a and 60a, and the left
nasal sac and skeleton of head No. 62 were modeled in wax
after the method of Born with Bardeen's ('01) modifications.
These are referred to in the description as stages I, II, III
and IV. Amblystoma of 40-45mm. is my stage V.
The olfactory organs of Amblystoma have been described
by Bawden ('94) in his work on the nose and Jacobson's
organ. It will be necessary here to make only a brief
Terry — The Nasal SJteleton of Amhlystoma punctatam. 97
statement regarding the anatomy of the olfactory bulb, nerve
and nasal sac.
The caudal limit of the olfactory bulb in young lar-
vae of Amblystoma is indicated on the surface by a
slight groove on the lateral aspect of the cephalic end of
the brain (Fig. 2, Olf.). Stieda ('75) describes a limiting
furrow for the Tuberculum olf actorium in Axolotl ; Gaupp
('99) has shown one to be present in Eana; and Kingsbury
('95) finds the area of olfactory glomerules inNecturus out-
lined by a furrow, better marked on the lateral surface of the
brain. Corresponding closely to the position of this groove
is the limit of the terminations of the olfactory nerve fibers
which make a conspicuous field in the sections; the glomeru-
lary arrangement itself , however, is hardly discernible. The
direction of the olfactory nerve is laterad in the younger ani-
mals in conformity with the position of the nasal sac. This is
at first lateral of the brain and projects further ventrad, while
the cephalic extremities of the two organs reach about the
same level. These relations are considerably changed while
the animals are still very small. The nasal sac presents
thick walls except laterally where the narrow lumen lies
near the surface. The general cavity of the nose in the
younger animals is a simple tunnel running between the exter-
nal and internal nares. Midway between these openings is the
mouth of a diverticulum from the main nasal sac, the Jacob-
son's organ of Bawden's account (J. O. in the figures).
The position of Jacobson's organ in young larvae is at the
ventral side of the main-sac ; in older ones lateral and be-
neath it. This organ presents a small surface toward the
median plane where the duct of Jacobson's gland opens.
The latter lies between the ventral wall of the main
nasal sac and the floor of the nasal capsule, extending mesad
to the olfactory foramen. In older animals a small protru-
sion from the side of the general cavity near its cephalic end
receives the nasolacrimal duct (Fig. 4, N. L. P.).
Winslow's stage III. is a larva of 12mm. in which the
trabeculae terminate in the plates known as Cornua and pres-
ent crests which have grown dorsally serving in this and
98 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
later stages as cranial side-walls. Each Crista trabeculae,
highest caudally, gradually descends toward the snout. There
is no union between the trabeculae in front ; antorbital pro-
cesses are not present and with the exception of the Cornua
trabecularum no mention is made by Winslow of a cartilagin-
ous nasal skeleton.
These conditions were found as described, in the larva of
12 mm. which I studied.
Stage I.
Amblystoma 15mm. Fig. 1.
The simple, somewhat oval, nasal sac lies laterad of the
brain, extending beyond its level ventrally. A groove on its
lateral surface separates Jacobson's organ from a dorsal prom-
inence. The narial passage is simple; everywhere, except
laterally, its walls are thick. A narrow off-shoot from the
general cavity close to the internal naris leads into Jacobson's
organ.
The trabeculae (Tr.) are unconnected anteriorly and lie ven-
trad of the brain beyond which they project to the level of the
cephalic ends of the olfactory organs. The Crista trabeculae
(C. tr.) reaches forward, almost to the level of the nasal
sac and olfactory bulb where it ends in an abruptly descend-
ing edge. The trabecula is triangular in section from the
crest as far as the horn. Opposite the latter it sends a blunt
process (Medial Process of the trabecula; Pr. med.) mesad
toward its fellow, and also dorsad a little way. The trabecu-
lar horn (Co. tr.) lies beneath and supports the olfactory
sac; in this function the neighboring part of the trabecula
also shares.
The left "Processus" antorbitalis is present in the form of
a slender stick of cartilage between the olfactory organ and
eye-ball. It is just behind the internal naris and is continued
as a prechondral rod medialwards to the trabecula, joining it
at the level of the cephalic end of the Crista.
Ossification of the roof of the cranium is already well ad-
vanced at this stage but there is no bone in the olfactory region
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctatum. 99
of the cranial wall. Here a thin membrane extends dorsad
from the trabecula to the roof bones and from the cephalic
edge of one crista forward and across the middle line in front
of the brain to become continuous with the same sheet of the
opposite side. In the dorsal part of this membrane there is
present a small rod of cartilage (Col. eth.) running in the
long axis of the head and therefore parallel with the trabe-
cula, its anterior end just dorsad of the above mentioned
medial process, its caudal extremity over the olfactory nerve.
The little column of cartilage projects laterally among the
loosely disposed cells of the perirhinal tissue, and faces me-
dially the olfactory bulb.
The anlage of this independent cartilage appears in the
12mm. embryo as a group of closely arranged, oval cells
(Fig. 5, Anl.) between which and the end of the trabecula, and
connecting the two, is a column of large cells of irregular
forms. This column reaches the anterior end of the anlage of
the rod passing in front of the olfactory nerve (Fig. 5, C).
Stage II.
Amblystoma 17mm. Figs. 2, 6 and 7.
The nasal sacs now project about one-fourth of their
length in front of the brain so that an Internasal Space
can be spoken of ; brain and sac reach the same level vent-
rally. The groove on the side of the main nasal sac is wide
and deep and is limited below by the now prominent Jacob-
son's organ.
The trabeculae (Tr.) are connected by a narrow Anterior
Trabecular Plate (Ant. tr. pi.), the ethmoid plate of
Winslow's description, beyond which they extend to the
level of the ends of the nasal sac, separated by an inter-
trabecular notch. The Crista trabeculae (C. tr.) is high,
reaching half way up the side of the brain and presenting
a straight cephalic margin ; it is still caudad of the olfactory
bulb. The trabecular horn (Co. tr.), broad at its origin
at the trabecula, is directed laterad and caudad and is hoi-
100 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
lowed dorsally to receive the nasal sac; the narrow end
of the horn is in contact with the organ of Jacobson.
An antorbital process (Pr. ao.) is present on each side
and is chondrified throughout and connected by cartilage
with the trabecula. The line of union is easily distinguish-
able by the presence of young cartilage, and is just op-
posite the cephalic free margin of the trabecular crest.
The little rod of cartilage (Col. eth.) present in the ISmm.
larva dorsad of the olfactory nerve, has lengthened consid-
erably and reaches nearly to the trabecular crest. It extends
along the caudal two-thirds of the nasal sac between it and
the brain, inclining cephalo-ventrad to join by a broad
base the trabecula in front of the level of the anterior
trabecular plate. While the rod follows the dorso-mesal
edge of the nasal sac it, on the other hand, crosses the
surface of the olfactory bulb. Its ending is noteworthy :
it bends ventrally in a small but distinct hook (Pr. unc.)
just behind the olfactory bulb and a very short distance in
front of the corner of the Crista. Where the rod expands
to join the trabecula two processes arise; one of these, the
Ethmoidal Process, (Pr. eth.) points dorso-mesad in front
of the olfactory bulb and approaches its fellow ; the other
the Medial Nasal Process, (Pr. n. med.) grows cephalo-
ventrad along the internasal surface of the olfactory sac.
The latter process is separated from the end of the trabecula
and the horn by a notch, the Medial incisure (Inc. med.)
which allows the passage of the third main branch of the
ophthalmic V (Fig. 4, Oph. Vj). Another little spur of
cartilage on the rod in question, the Lateral Process (Pr.
lat.), is present near the hinder end and reaches out into the
perirhinal membrane of the dorsal side of the nasal sac.
No separate centers of chondrification in this membrane were
discovered either in this or in subsequent stages.
Reviewing the cartilaginous rod (Col. eth.) at this stage,
it is seen to arise from the trabecula just in front of the
anterior trabecular plate by a thick base from which two pro-
cesses spring, then to arch backward across the olfactory bulb
and over the olfactory nerve to end free in a ventrally turned
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma pwictatum. 101
hook a little way in front of the dorsal corner of the trabecu-
lar crest.
The anterior trabecular plate (Ant. tr. pi.) underlies the
cephalic end of the brain and connects the trabeculae some
distance caudad of their extremities ; its cephalic margin is a
little behind the level of the junction of the trabecula and the
base of the rod (Col. eth.). I could not discover that this
plate chondrifies independently of the trabeculae.
Stage III.
Amblystoma 21-24mm. Figs. 3 and 8.
The nasal sac, which has a cephalo-caudal direction in the
13 and 17mm. larvae, now holds an obhque position, the
caudal end being farther from the middle line than th«
cephalic extremity. About one-third of the nasal sac is
cephalad of the brain and the internasal space is correspond-
ingly increased. The organ of Jacobson (J. O.) is quite
prominent, projecting laterally as well as ventrally. The
groove dorsad of it is relatively wider than in the younger ani-
mals and its floor now shows a slight convexity, best marked
in front.
A narrow cartilaginous cranial floor is formed by the an-
terior trabecular plate and by a ledge extending from the medial
side of the trabecula. The broad horn of the latter (Co. tr.)
sends its upturned end around the under surface of Jacob-
son's organ. The blunt end of the trabecula projects a little
way beyond the cephalic margin of the Cornu. The an-
terior part of the main nasal sac does not rest directly upon
the upper concave surface of the Cornu, as does Jacobson's
organ, but is separated by a narrow but well defined Sub-
nasal Space (Sub. s.) which is occupied by a loose web of
mesenchymal tissue and by some of the branches of Jacob-
son's gland.
The antorbital process (Pr. ao.) juts out from the trabecula
just caudad of the Olfactory Window (Fen. ol.) ; between it
and the Cornu trabeculae there is a wide notch, or bay, in which
102 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
lie the caudal part of the main nasal sac with the posterior
naris and also the caudal part of the organ of Jacobson.
The olfactory window (Fen. ol.) has resulted from the
union of the rod (Col. eth.) with the dorsal corner of the
Crista trabeculae ; its ventral boundary is the trabecula
while the cephalic limit is made by the union of the latter
and the rod. The distance between the middle of the rod and
the trabecula, (i. e., the height of the olfactory window) has
increased relatively, the rod suffering a bend, convex dorso-
laterally. This appears to be due to the growth dorsally of
the nasal sac to, which the rod is now indirectly fixed through
the lamina cribrosa to be described presently. Through
the window passes the olfactory nerve ; in its ventral and
cephalic corner is the end of Jacobson' s gland. This does
not enter the cranial cavity but presses against a membrane
which fills the window and which is traversed by the olfac-
tory nerve. The caudal boundary of the window is the
anterior free edge of the trabecular crest and also to some
extent, the ventrally turned end of the rod (Pr.unc.) which
has grown behind the olfactory nerve. Just as the nasal
sac itself, so the olfactory window has an oblique position and
forms an obtuse angle with the sagittally directed Crista
trabeculae.
The rod (Col. eth.) is now considerably flattened and sends
an irreo-ular edge over the nasal sac into the perirhinal mem-
brane. The rods of opposite sides are in this stage connected
across the middle line by a bridge of cartilage which I shall
call the Ethmoidal Bridge (Eth. br.). This is formed, in part
at least, by extension and fusion of the ethmoidal processes
(Pr. eth.) of Stage II. The bridge passes in front of the
brain, partially separating the cranial cavity and internasal
space, and lies in a transverse plane cephalad of the anterior
maro-in of the anterior trabecular plate. Between these parts
and the bases of the rods (Col. eth.) laterally is the eth-
moidal window (Fen. eth.) filled with membrane; part of
it is beginning to chondrify.
The medial nasal process (Pr. n. med.) has grown forward
and widened in the dorso-ventral direction in the perirhinal
Tsrry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctatum. 103
tissue. It makes the medial wall of the nasal capsule in
its anterior part ; ventrally it is still separated from the ex-
tremity of the trabecula by the notch (Inc. med.) described
for the 17mm. larva.
The Lamina cribrosa (Winslow), (L.), is a broad plate of
cartilage, connected medially with the dorsal arch over the
olfactory window, and bent outward to cover the caudal part
of the main nasal sac above and at the side. It occupies
part of the perirhinal membrane, and while it consists of but
one piece it is fenestrated and irregular along its margins.
The pointed extremity of the Lamina is just dorsad of Jacob-
son's organ; a wide gap separates its caudal edge from the
antorbital process.
The anterior trabecular plate (Ant. tr. pi.) is no longer in
a frontal plane but is inclined cephalo-dorsad so that it now
enters into both the floor and cephalic wall of the cranium.
The ethmoidal bridge, window and anterior trabecular plate
form a curved partition in front of and below the olfactory
bulbs.
Stage IV.
Amblystoma, 27-30mm. Fig. 4.
The nasal sac of this larva is only in its posterior half
alongside of the brain. Its contour is less regular than in
preceding stages, due mainly to the increase in the size of the
organ of Jacobson and to the further separation of this part
from the main-sac. The latter presents a great thickening
of its dorso-lateral wall appearing on the surface as a
rounded eminence sharply marked off from the middle lateral
region by a groove. The floor of this sulcus had already, in
the 21-24 mm. larva, lifted itself into a convexity and in the
present stage a small diverticulum of the main nasal cavity
bulges the floor into a little eminence (N. L. P. ) which
connects with the end of the Nasolacrimal Duct (D. nl).
Jacobson' s organ lies ventrad of the lateral region of
the main-sac and has pushed its way mesad between the lat-
ter and the trabecular horn. Into its medial side opens the
104 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
long, branched, tubular Jacobson's gland with wide lumen
and rather thick walls. The end of this gland occupies a
position close to the ventral cephalic corner of the olfac-
tory window, and in the rest of its extent is situated between
the main-sac and the upper surface of the Cornu trabeculae
in the space (Sub. s) already mentioned.
The differences that are noticed in the cartilaginous frame-
work over the preceding stage are due chiefly to growth
of existing parts ; there are no new centers of chondrification.
The cranial floor in the olfactory region is broader, the part
made by the anterior trabecular plate giving support to the
bulbs. The olfactory window is of the same size as it was in
the third stage ; the opening is therefore relatively smaller
and begins to assume the appearance of the adult olfactory
foramen. The part of the capsular wall occupied by the
olfactory foramen is obliquely placed and faces forward and
outward. Since the nasal sac has increased in length very
much, extending in half its length beyond the cranial cavity
and ending behind the olfactory foramen, it happens now,
for the first time, that a part of the cartilaginous cranial side
wall, made by the Crista trabeculae, stands between the brain
and the sac.
There is a complete cartilaginous wall separating the
cranial cavity and internasal space, stretching from side to
side at the level of the anterior margins of the olfactory for-
amina. Although it is thin in its middle part, this partition,
which I have called the Ethmoidal Plate (Eth. pi.) in the
same sense that Gaupp* uses the term, is chondrified
throughout. Its caudal surface slopes gently into the dorsal
surface of the anterior trabecular plate without interruption.
The cephalic surface of the ethmoidal plate is thickened along
its dorsal and lateral margins corresponding to the positions
of the ethmoidal bridge and base of the rod (Col. eth.) in the
earlier stages of development. At these places the growth of
cartilage in the mesenchymal tissue of the internasal space
appears to be most active. In later stages (30-33mm.) as a
♦ Morph. Arbeit. 2, p. 813.
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctatuni. 105
result of the growth of the ethmoidal plate in these regions the
nasal capsules are connected by a broad commissure which has
the form of an arch covering dorsally and laterally the hinder
part of the internasal space. The Fenestra ethmoidalis has
been obliterated through chondrification, but the cartilage
here is thin as compared with the dorsal and lateral parts of
the plate. This manner of growth of the ethmoidal plate
explains, then, the adult form of the nasal septum and its
relation to the internasal space. Intermaxillary glands were
not present in this or preceding stages, the space being filled
with mesenchyma.
The medial nasal process (Pr. n. med.) has begun to take
part in forming a roof over the anterior part of the nasal sac,
its dorsal edge bending laterally and presenting several irregu-
lar projections. The ventral margin inclines laterally also
toward the ventral surface of the main nasal sac ; it is sepa-
rated from the conical end of the trabecula and horn by the
medial incisure (Inc. med.) the width of which is greater than
in Stage III. The medial incisure leads from the internasal
space into the narrow cave (Sub. s.) between the under
surface of the nasal sac and the upper concave side of the
Cornu trabeculae. Into the lateral part of this space the
medial portion of the organ of Jacobson (J. O.) has grown,
and through the space from the latter organ to the olfactory
foramen stretches the large branched Jacobson 's gland
already mentioned. The end of the trabecular horn supports
Jacobson's organ, around the side of which it is bent.
The antorbital process at this stage is turned forward
toward the internal naris ; its free end presents two little
tubercles, one pointing forward, the other laterally. The
caudal end of the nasal sac overhangs the antorbital process
and the curve of the latter appears to be in adaptation to the
adjacent posterior naris.
The Lamina cribrosa (L.) covers the caudal half of the main
sac. It is connected with the side wall of the cranium oppo-
site the whole length of the olfactory foramen and a little
way caudad of this. As it stretches outward it becomes nar-
rower, terminating opposite the groove which separates
106 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the dorsal enlargement of the main nasal sac from the
lateral diverticulum in which the nasolacrimal duct ends.
The latter is supported by a little process of cartilage
which grows forward from the Lamina cribrosa and turns ven-
trad toward the trabecular horn.
The cartilaginous nasal skeleton of Stage IV. is far from
completion ; dorsally the nasal organ is only partly covered
by the Lamina cribrosa and the edge of the medial nasal pro-
cess ; the future anterior and posterior cupolas are only sug-
gested by these processes of cartilage which are inclining in
their growth toward the antorbital process and the trabecular
horn respectively.
The conditions present in the ethmoidal region of a 39mm.
larva of Ambly stoma jeffersonianum have been described by
Winslow. The nasal capsule of my Stage IV seems to be
less advanced.
Stage V.
Ambly stoma of 40-45 mm. Gills partly atrophied.
The nasal sac is in front of the brain except for its caudal
one-third; the olfactory foramen looks more forward than
outward.
The nasal capsule is provided with a broad, continuous roof
extending over nearly the whole dorsal aspect of the main-sac.
Its caudal part is the Lamina cribrosa ; its cephalic part the
medial nasal process which now reaches beyond the external
naris and forms the anterior cupola. Between these parts is
a broad bay within which are the external naris and the
cephalic end of the nasolacrimal duct. This bay becomes
the Fenestra narina (Gaupp '05. 2, foot-note, p. 280).
The ventral edge of the medial nasal process turns under
the main-sac a little way and is still separated from the trabe-
cular horn by the now widely extended medial incisure. The
extreme lateral end of the process is, however, very near the
trabecular horn. The latter sends dorso-caudad a cylindrical
process the end of which is connected by precartilage with
the tip of the little cartilaginous support afforded the nasolac-
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctatum. 107
rimal duct by the Lamina cribrosa. The nasolacrimal duct
crosses this little bridge to end in the nasal sac. Followed in
the opposite direction, the duct runs back in a slight groove
on the side of the nasal capsule (original Lamina cribrosa).
A little elongate (in section) mass of densely packed cells is
applied to the medial side of the bridge near the trabecular
born. I suspect that this is the anlage of the dilator naris
muscle.
The cartilaginous nasal capsules of the 69mm. Ambly-
stoma described by Winslow ('98) present conditions which
are, in the main, probably the results of continued growth and
readjustment of the parts present in the stage just described.
The capsules are mostly anterior to the brain-case and the
olfactory foramina look forward and a little outward.
There is no longer a medial incisure, only a small foramen
(Fig. 12, ni.), the Foramen apicale (Gaupp '05.1), transmit-
ting a branch of the Nasalis internus. The Lamina and
antorbital process are united in a posterior wall or cupola, a
foramen (orbito-nasal) being enclosed. Three windows are
shown (fig. 12) in the capsular wall. The largest is situated
dorsally and is separated by a strip of cartilage called " dor-
sal process " from the other two foramina. These openings
are placed laterally, separated from each other by a" short
connecting rod." The hinder of the two is at about the
middle of the capsule in its cephalo-caudal extent. In the
explanation of the figures (p. 199) •« nl.", which points to
this foramen, refers to ♦' nostril;" and in the text (p. 159)
the short connecting rod (the anterior boundary of the for-
amen) is said to be in front of the nasal duct.
In the nasal capsule of the adult studied by means of fron-
tal sections I find these windows. Jacobson's organ appears
in the posterior of the lateral openings, the Fenestra infra-
conchalis (Gaupp, '05.1) while the external naris and the
termination of the nasolacrimal duct were found in the
anterior one, the Fenestra narina.
The nerves were reconstructed in my stage IV in order to
to observe their relations to the nasal skeleton ; the refer-
108 Tran». Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
ence letters will be found in figs. 4, 6 and 8. My results in
the main agree with Herrick's ('94).
The olfactory nerve, consisting at its origin of two parts
as described by Locy, ('99) Coghill ('02) and others, runs
through the olfactory foramen and divides into four large
branches. One of these passes ventro-laterad among the
tubules of Jacobson's gland; a second goes dorso-laterad, a
third ventrad, the fourth caudad. They were not followed to
their ends.
The Eamus frontalis V (F. ) runs forward above the Lamina
cribrosa and then upon the laterally turned edge of the medial
nasal process. A. twig communicates with a branch of the
third division of the ophthalmic (C. F.).
The Ramus maxillaris V (Max.) breaks up into twigs
laterad of Jacobson's organ and among the external nasal
glands in this region. Its relation to the maxillary bone has
been mentioned by Herrick.
The first of the three main branches into which the Ramus
ophthalmicus trigemini divides at the fore part of the orbit
(Oph. Vj.) turns around the caudal end of the nasal sac
in the wide interval between the antorbital process and the
Lamina cribrosa. In older animals this nerve enters the nasal
capsule by the orbito-nasal foramen in the posterior cupola.
Further forward it passes under the tip of the Lamina and
then runs close to the side of Jacobson's organ.
The second main branch of the ophthalmic (Oph. V^) en-
ters the space between the nasal sac and the Crista trabeculae
and turning ventrad passes over the antorbital process to
anastomose with the Ramus palatinus of the VII (P).
The third main branch of the trigeminal in the orbit (Oph.
Vg) enters the nasal capsule beneath the caudal margin of the
Lamina cribrosa close to the cranial side wall. It passes for-
ward dorsal to the olfactory nerve and comes out of the nasal
capsule at the medial incisure (later a foramen). The com-
municating branch to the Ramus frontalis (C. F.) and the
branch accompanying the nasolacrimal duct (R. nl.) run
under the Lamina cribrosa and emerge through slight notches
in its cephalic edge.
Terry— The Nasal Skeleton of Ambly stoma punctatum. 109
The Ramus palatinus of the VII (P.) appears to consist
of two bundles which run together along the lateral edge
of the trabecula and then under the trabecular horn. The
medial bundle is joined by the second branch of the oph-
thalmic .
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS.
1. The nasal sac is at first laterad of the brain. In the
last stage it is laterad of the brain in its caudal third only ;
in their cephalic two-thirds the sacs are in front of the brain,
separated from each other by the nasal septum and the inter-
nasal space. Jacobson's organ, at first ventrad of the main-
sac, later hes in a ventro-lateral position. Between the main-
sac and the trabecular horn is a narrow space occupied in part
by Jacobson's organ and glands.
2. The Crista trabeculae, in the early stages, reaches for-
ward only as far as the olfactory bulb.
3. The trabeculae in the ethmoidal region are at first sep-
arate and end in medially directed processes.
4. The Cornu trabeculae extends beneath the cephalic end
of the olfactory sac; its extremity is always near Jacobson's
organ which it supports in the older stages.
5. The antorbital process chondrifies independently in
Amblystoma. Its union with the trabecula is at the level of
the anterior edge of the trabecular crest.
6. The rod (Col. eth.) chondrifies independently in the
membranous cranial wall of the ethmoidal region. Its posi-
tion is opposite the dorso-cephalic part of the olfactory bulb
and dorsad of the olfactory nerve ; the rod is in the same
sagittal plane as the trabecula and alongside of the dorso-
mesal angle of the nasal sac.
7. The rod (Col. eth.) becomes connected secondarily
withthe trabecula and with the trabecular crest completing,
the boundaries of the olfactory foramen.
110 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
8. Growth of cartilage takes place actively at certain
regions along the rod and spreads, a) into the membranous
cranial wall of the ethmoidal region and b)into the perirhinal
tissue.
9. Thus there appear: a Processus uncinatus turning back
of the olfactory bulb and entering into the cranial side
wall; a Processus ethmoidalis, the first piece in the formation
of the anterior cranial wall, the later ethmoidal plate; a Pro-
cessus nasalis medialis which builds the anterior cupola and
the medial wall of the nasal capsule in its anterior part ; a
Processus lateralis which gives rise, in part to the Lamina
cribrosa.
10. The anterior trabecular plate was formed in connection
with the trabeculae ; it supports the olfactory bulbs, partici-
pates in the ventral boundary of the ethmoidal window, and
is secondarily connected with the bases of the rods (Col.
eth.) and their ethmoidal processes through the chondrifica-
tion in the ethmoidal window.
11. A nasal septum begins by growth along the dorsal and
lateral regions of the cephalic surface of the ethmoidal plate,
extending forward through the mesenchymal tissue of the
internasal space.
12. The capsular wall about the olfactory foramen is at
first medial, but later caudal and medial of the nasal sac.
13. The nasal capsule in the 40-45 mm. Amblystoma pos-
sesses a continuous roof.
14. The Fenestra narina begins as a bay between the
anterior cupola and the Lamina cribrosa. It includes the ex-
ternal naris and the end of the nasolacrimal duct.
15. A bridge of cartilage and precartilage connects the
trabecular horn and Lamina cribrosa. It is crossed super-
ficially by the nasolacrimal duct.
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amhlyttoma punctatum. Ill
(A) The primary position of the rod (Col. eth.) of the
13 mm. larva (a) in the membranous cranial wall of the eth-
moidal region, (b) over the olfactory nerve and (c) in close
relation to both the olfactory bulb and nasal sac ; (B) its sec-
ondary connections and changes through growth in adaptation
to the olfactory organs, — these things indicate, I believe, a
direct relationship between the rod and the latter structures.
In its further development it has been noticed how
the cartilage spreads in two directions : toward the central
olfactory organ on the one hand and about the periph-
eral organ on the other. The ethmoidal processes, bridge and
finally the ethmoidal plate are adapted to the fore part of cen-
tral olfactory region, while the rod itself with its hooked end
is applied to the olfactory bulb laterally and caudally. The rod
also covers the olfactory nerve in its short course between
the nasal sac and the brain. Through the formation of car-
tilage growing laterally into the perirhinal membrane (lateral
process and medial nasal process) a roof and side wall are
given to the nasal capsule.
The relations of the Crista trabeculae to the nasal organs I
regard as wholly secondary since they are brought about in
the ontogeny of Amblystoma by disproportion in the rate of
growth of these parts. In the youngest stage the crest took
no part in the skeleton of the ethmoidal region and it is only
in later stages of development when the nasal sac and olfac-
tory bulb have increased in size that it affords a protection
for them.
The antorbital process, it was noticed, occupied a position
between the eye-ball and the internal naris in the first stage
described. The anlage of this process is in connection with
the trabecula to which the independently forming cartilage
later extends. The process projects from the trabecula at the
level of the anterior edge of the Crista and therefore behind
the level of the olfactory organs. In the early stage I can-
not determine that the process is adapted more to the nose
than to the eye. In later stages, however, it curves forward
and comes in contact with the nasal sac; and finally, entering
into the formation of the posterior cupola, it becomes an
112 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
integral part of the nasal capsule. In considering this par-
ticipation in the nasal skeleton, it must be remembered th at
the nasal sac has grown backward into the region of the
antorbital process. Special relations of the antorbital pro-
cess to the nasal skeleton of Ambljstoma are developed
rather late.
The trabecular horn is, from the first stage on placed ven-
trad of the anterior end of the nasal sac and Jacobson's organ.
To the latter, the tip of the horn seems specially adapted,
conforming closely to the curves of its inferior surface. The
relation which this broad plate of cartilage holds to the roof
of the mouth must, of course, be thought of in studying its
development.
The anterior trabecular plate supports the cephalic end of
the brain, mainly the olfactory bulbs. It appears to have its
origin in the medial processes of the trabecula and from its
earliest appearance through all stages studied holds a posi-
tion beneath the olfactory bulbs. It acquires connection
with the ethmoidal plate secondarily. The latter, it will be
remembered, has its beginning in the ethmoidal processes of
the rods (Col. eth.) The association of the trabecular plate
with the olfactory region of the brain may be taken to indi-
cate a special relationship between them, a view which is
supported by its secondary connection with the ethmoidal
plate, resulting in the perfection of the ethmoidal skeleton in
front of and below the olfactory bulbs. I am inclined to re-
gard the anterior trabecular plate as the floor for the olfac-
tory region of the brain and look upon it as a special part of
the ethmoidal skeleton but without denying its adaptation
also to the mouth. That it does form a solid roof for the
mouth in front and brace the trabeculae is of great impor-
tance, especially in some forms :such as Raua with its long
larval period as Gaupp ('93) has said, but I look upon these
f untions as subordinate to the ethmoidal skeleton function in
Amblystoma.
The anterior trabecular plate has nothing to do with the
origin or subsequent development of the so-called nasal
septum of Amblystoma ; this develops in connection with the
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Ambly stoma punctatum. 113
ethmoidal plate as already pointed out. In no stage except
the adult were intermaxillary glands present. It is easy to
observe how, in Amblystoma, the disproportion in the longi-
tudinal growth of the brain and ethmoidal skeleton results in
the final relations of these organs. Concerning the forma-
tion of an internasal space, Gaupp ('05.1) has suggested
the influence of cover bones in this region.
In the four stages modeled the trabeculae have a constant
relation to the nasal organs. The trabecular plate, and so
far as I am able to determine from my material and from
the literature, the Cornua are developed in connection with
the trabeculae, as is also the anlage of the rod (Col. eth.).
The Crista, as has been shown, gains its relation to the nasal
sac secondarily. The relations of the trabecula to the mouth
do not concern us in the present work.
The development of the cartilaginous nasal skeleton of
Amblystoma is comparable in many respects with the processes
in Triton as described by Born ('76). The changes in the
position of the nasal sacs and the formation of an internasal
space are very similar in the two. The origin of a cartilag-
inous mesal nasal wall from the trabecula and the subsequent
growth of the nasal capsule from the same are conditions not
actually met with in Amblystoma. The anlage of the rod
(Col. eth.), it is true, is in connection with the trabecula and
it is in connection with the rod that a large part of the capsule
arises, including a medial nasal wall. The cartilaginous rod
does not chondrify from the trabecula out, but spreads to-
ward it. However, this independent chondrification of the
rod does not mean that genetically it has nothing to do with
the trabecula; the anlage indicates a close relation between
the two and so it appears to me that there is after all not
much difference in the origin of the capsule in these two
animals. In larval Amblystoma a proper medial nasal wall is
present only for the anterior part of the olfactory sac ; it
114 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
is formed in the perirhinal tissue in connection with the rod
through chondrification of the medial nasal process and it is
separated in all the larval stages studied by a notch (Incisura
medialis) from the trabecula.
Parker ('77) has described under the name of "foremost
paraneural cartilage," a term used by Huxley ('74), a shell-
like cartilage over the nasal sac of Siredon. The cartilage
is concave forward, one limb directed laterad over the nasal
sac, the other cephalad along the mesal margin of the sac.
It is at first independent but later joins with the trabecular
plate. This appears much like the rod (Col. eth.) and the
Lamina cribrosa.
Wilders's ( '92) figure of the ethmoidal region of Salamandra
larva shows very much the same conditions which I have
described in Stage III. A rod arches over the olfactory
nerve and extends cephalad at the side of the internasal space ;
a process goes laterad in front of the level of the antorbital
process ; a bridge connects the cartilages of opposite sides at
the level of the anterior margins of the olfactory foramina,
forming the dorsal boundary of an ethmoidal window. The
origin of these cartilages is not given in the description.
Gaupp ('93) in his well known splendid work on the pri-
mordial cranium of Rana, has, after Born, given the name
Ethmoidalpfeiler, Columna ethmoidals, to a little pillar of
cartilage which grows upon each side from the dorsal sur-
face of the already formed anterior trabecular plate. These
two pillars grow caudad and laterad over the olfactory nerves
around which they help to form a cartilaginous ring by uniting
with the side walls of the cranium (the trabecular crests).
Thus the olfactory foramen is formed. An ethmoidal win-
dow, filled with mucous tissue, is made through an inclination
of the ethmoidal columns toward each other. In Fig. 12, Taf.
XIV, there is a little salient angle on each column directed
dorso-medially and helping to bound the window.
The roof of the hinder division of the nasal skeleton in
Rana arises in connection with the anterior part of the cranial
side wall as far forward as the level of the ethmoidal plate
which has formed at the site of the ethmoidal window as in
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctaium. 115
Ambly stoma. This roof cartilage then arises in connection
with what was originally ethmoidal column and Crista trabe-
culae. Subsequently it spreads over the caudal end of the
nasal sac to fuse with the antorbital process, leaving a pas-
sage way for the Ramus nasalis trigemini.
The early relations and form, and the later secondary
connections and development of the ethmoidal column of
Rana are the same as obtained for the rod (Col. eth.) in
Amblystoma and even the origins of the two are not essen-
tially different: the one growing in connection with the
anterior trabecular plate (itself a development of the trabe-
cula), the other chondrifying in a mass of cells streaming up
from the end of the trabecula at the spot where the trabecular
plate is growing.
The nasal skeleton in Necturus and in Proteus remains
unconnected with the brain-case throughout life and in both
consists of a lattice-work of cartilage as described by Wie-
dersheim ('77 and '02 Fig. 200) and Wilder ('03). In Nec-
turus this incomplete capsule covers the simple nasal sac dor-
sally and in part medially ; also to a considerable extent at
the poles.
My own studies have shown that the position of the nasal
sac of Necturus is laterad of the brain in young animals and
latero-cephalad in older ones, the bony wall of the cranium in-
tervening and the branches of the olfactory nerve running an
extra-cranial course to the nasal sac.
Miss Piatt ('97) and Winslow ('98) have described the
independent origin of the nasal skeleton in Necturus and
in the work of the former writer we learn that the inter-
nasal (anterior trabecular) plate and the dorsal part of the
Crista trabeculae chondrify independently. The latter is
never high in Necturus as it is in Amblystoma and Rana and
its cephalic ending is gradual, not abrupt. In the 45mm.
larva described by Winslow a curved bar of cartilage appears
on the dorso-mesal surface of the olfactory organ running
about parallel with the anterior end of the trabecula, dorsad
of which it lies. From this bar a number of shorter processes
extend laterally over the nasal sac and there are also some sep-
116 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
arate pieces of cartilage in the neighborhood of the processes
as shown in Winslow's fig. 16. The same figure shows the
dorso-mesal pillar ending caudally at the level of the antorbital
process.
An examination of the larvae of Necturus from 28mm. to
49mm. in length has proved that the olfactory lobe as de-
scribed by Kingsbury ('95) and the nasal skeleton reach the
same level caudally and that the antorbital process is con-
nected with the trabecula where this bar is changing from
the prismatic shape of the Crista region to the cylin-
drical form in the nasal region. The bar of cartilage
described by Miss Piatt and Winalow I have found in a
28mm. larva lying in the perirhinal membrane of the dorso-
mesal side of the nasal sac, opposite the olfactory lobe and
dorsad of the olfactory nerve branches. The lattice work of
cartilage first described in the adult nasal capsule by Wied-
ersheim ('77) arises, as Winslow has it, as processes of the
bar and as separate chondrifications. All of these I find to
be located in the perirhinal membrane.
The foregoing facts respecting the origin and relations of
the dorso-mesal bar in Necturus recall some of the early con-
ditions of the nasal skeleton in Amblystoma and Rana. In
the former, an ethmoidal column (Col. eth.) developed inde-
pendently in the membranous wall of the olfactory region of
the cranium where a cartilaginous wall was wanting, the
Crista trabeculae ending caudad of the olfactory bulb. The
column lies opposite the olfactory bulb and along the dorso-
mesal edge of the nasal sac ; in connection with it there grows
a cribriform roof for the sac in its enveloping membrane. The
column arches over the olfactory nerve and secondarily joins
the trabecula and its crest to complete the olfactory for-
amen. In Necturus there is no cartilaginous wall in the olfac-
tory region and the Crista trabeculae slopes gradually to end
behind the olfactory lobe. A rod of cartilage is developed
along the dorso-mesal angle of the nasal sac opposite the olfac-
tory lobe in the perirhinal membrane, parallel to the trabe-
cula and over the olfactory nerve. From the bar a part of
the lattice-like roof of the nasal sac extends. The trabecular
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctatum. 117
crest never grows high and the dorso-mesal bar joins
neither it nor the trabecula to form the boundaries of
an olfactory foramen; still the nerve passes between the
bar and the trabecula and in front of the crest. The for-
mation of the nasal capsule in Hana up to the point so far
considered seems to me not fundamentally different from
that of Amblystoma. The specialized nasal sac of Rana is
provided with a highly specialized and complicated nasal
capsule such as is not encountered at any time of life in
Amblystoma. There are however some features in these
capsules which I believe can be drawn into comparison but
first it will be necessary to compare the parts about which
the capsule in each case is adapted.
As stated in the beginning of this paper the nasal sac of
Amblystoma is at first a simple ovoid body with a narrow lumen,
becoming later complicated by the development of diverticula,
one of which is Jacobson's organ. Another much smaller
pouch grows out of the lateral side of the main-sac and re-
ceives the nasolacrimal duct. The main-sac and its diverticula
are shown in figure 4.
The main-sac of the Urodela is in all essential respects
comparable with the upper blind-sack of the Anura. The
lateral pouch of Ambl3'stoma is indicated as the possible
homology of the lateral diverticle of the tadpole by Bawden
while Seydel compares only that part in each group which re-
ceives the tear-duct, regarding the anterior blind end in Anura
as a special development. Seydel homologizes the inferior
blind-sac of the frog with the Jacobson's organ of the
Urodeles, and points out the absence of this organ in fishes
and the Dipnoi, as well as in Proteus and Menobranchus and
its primitive state in Amphiuma and Menopoma.
Besides the roof cartilage of the hinder division of the
main-sac which is described on P. 414 of Gaupp's work ('93)
and which has already been mentioned in the comparison
with Amblystoma, a separate chondrification of the perirhinal
tissue anterior to this is described which later joins with the
first roof cartilage and also grows around the medial side of
the upper blind-sac to form its mesal wall. Roof and mesal
wall are continuous in the anterior half of the nasal capsule
118 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
of my 40-45mm. Amblystoma. Winslow's Fig. 12 shows
that in an Amblystoma of 69mm. the roof of the anterior
part of the nasal capsule is very slio^ht but that it is con-
tinued into the medial wall without interruption. This
roof and medial wall I found to be formed in connection
with the Columna ethmoidals, beginning as the medial nasal
process. As inRana it is in relation to the main-sac only. In
Rana this medial wall turns under the upper blind-sac to form
the Crista intermedia, a partition between the cavities for the
upper and lower blind-sacs. There is no such partition in the
stages of Amblystoma which I studied but the ventral edge
of the medial wall is free and turns laterally a little way under
the main-sac (Fig. 4). The ventral edge of the anterior
cupola forms a little shelf beneath the main-sac, while the
medial incisure exists.
In Amblystoma the caudal part of the medial surface of
the main-sac faces an obliquely placed olfactory window ;
in Rana a corresponding part looks toward a transversely
placed olfactory foramen; the middle part is opposite the
ethmoidal plate (beginning septum); in Rana the same
is opposite the nasal septum ; the anterior part of this surface
is covered by a proper medial wall, as it is in the frog.
Thus the main-sac of Amblystoma agrees with the upper
blind-sac of Rana in its relations to the medial wall of the
nasal capsule. A proper medial wall for the inferior room
of the nasal capsule does not exist in Rana and the same is
true in larval Amblystoma for that space which contains the
the medial portion of Jacobson's organ and glands. This
subnasal space (Sub. s.) is limited medially only by the
nasal septum ; in the larvae it opens into the internasal room
through the Incisura medialis while back of the ethmoidal
plate it is limited by the membrane of the olfactory window
against which the glands are pressed. The Incisura medialis
transmits the septal branch of the ophthalmic V and is later
converted into the apical foramen.*
* There is an analogy between this foramen and the "Fenestra naso-basale
of Rana in its use as the passage way of a branch of a nasal nerve; but
while the adult relations are somewhat similar their development appears
to be different.
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punctatum. 119
The ethmoidal bridge of Amblystoma is a transitional struc-
ture in the building up of the ethmoidal plate as is the case
in Salamandra; in Triton the bridge is permanent. The
formation of the nasal septum of Rana bears no resem-
blance to the process in Amblystoma where an arch is at
first made over the internasal room and later a strong com-
missure is formed between the nasal capsules.
The Cornu trabeculae of Amblystoma supports at its end
the organ of Jacobson. (Compare Seydel, '95 p. 478,
and fig. 7). In Rana the horn takes part in the posterior
division of the floor of the inferior room ; in the anterior
part the floor is formed by new chondrification. A floor
for the anterior part of the nasal capsule seems to be the
rule for Amphibia ; what part the trabecular horn plays in its
formation is known in but a few cases. In Necturus and
Proteus which do not possess a Jacobson' s organ a nasal
capsular floor is not present. On the other hand a Jacobson's
organ is described by Seydel for Siren but according to
Wilder's ('91) description of the capsule there appears to be no
floor; yet there is to be found in Wilder's figure on the ventral
side of the anterior end of the nasal skeleton a peculiar '* in-
ferior process " which is described on P. 35 where it is also
stated that the R. ophthalmicus profundus is ensheathed by
cartilage. The foramen of exit for this nerve is at the
medial, ventral corner of the nasal capsule at its cephalic end.
The meaning of the trabecular horn cannot be told until
more is known of its early development and its later history.
Among the later developments, the slender bridge connect-
ing the trabecular horn and Lamina cribrosa is interesting.
The nasal capsule of my stage V, closely resembles that of
the 12 cm. Siredon described and shown in fig. 7 of Seydel's
work ('95). In its connections with roof and floor and in its
relations to the Fenestra narina and nasal duct the little
bridge is comparable with that marked " d " in Seydel's
figure. Through further chondrification a fenestrated side-
wall is formed for the nasal capsule as Winslow has shown
(fig. 12), and in the partition between the two lateral windows
I see the little bridge of my stage V. Bruner ('02) has
120 Trans, Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
found in Triton alpestris that the dilator naris muscle takes
origin from a similar process, which he calls the anterior end
of the Planum terminale. The dorsal part of this bridge in
Amblystoma, begins as a process of the Lamina cribrosa, sup-
porting the nasolacrimal duct and later coming to limit the
Fenestra narina behind.
The dorsal window of Winslow's fifth stage cannot be
explained through my material. There is a continuous carti-
laginous roof for the nasal capsule in the 40-45 mm. animal;
but whether the dorsal foramen is due to reduction, as I am
inclined to think, or is circumscribed by the primary forma-
tion of the dorsal process, I cannot say. The dorsal process
appears to be a common feature in the nasal capsule of Uro-
deles. Bruner ('02) calls it the Cartilago obliqua, a term
used by Gaupp also for an oblique process of the nasal cap-
sule of Rana.
Huxley* on theoretical grounds believed that the chondro-
cranium was formed phylogenetically by continuous growth
and conceived that separate cartilages could have no signifi-
cance in the perfection of the continuous-walled brain case.
Separate pieces are regarded by the supporters of this theory
as the results of reduction of the chondrocranium through the
appearance of bones. It was Goette * who first brought for-
ward the view that the chondrocranium was made by the
fusion of primitively separate elements.
Regarding the significance of the independent chondrifica-
tion of the ethmoidal column in Amblystoma, the claim can
hardly be maintained that this piece is morphologically a sep-
arate element. Its anlage is in a mass of cells continuous
with the incompletely differentiated cartilage of the trabecula.
Through the mass, chondrification takes place, beginning in a
spot away from the trabecula and then spreading toward it.
In Rana, which possesses a much more complete chondro-
cranium than Amblystoma, in accordance with its long larval
life (Born, Gaupp,) the ethmoidal column develops in direct
connection with the basal skeleton. I am therefore inclined
• See Gaupp. ('00.)
Terry — The Nasal Skeleton of Amblystoma punetatum. 121
to regard the independent chondrification of the ethmoidal
column of Amblystoma as evidence of a phylogenetic reduc-
tion process in its nasal skeleton.
In Amblystoma the cartilaginous nasal capsule does not
arise independently of the brain-case. It is from the begin-
ning a part of the ethmoidal skeleton which is built in con-
nection with the trabeculae, ethmoidal columns and antorbital
processes. In the development of the cartilaginous ethmoi-
dal skeleton there are formed pari passu, a capsular covering
for the epithelium of the nasal sac and protecting walls for
the olfactory bulb.
LITERATURE REFERRED TO.
'01. Bardeen, C. R., Born's method of reconstruction by
means of wax plates. Johns Hop. Bull. XII. 1901.
'94. Bawden, H. H., The nose and Jacobsou's organ with
especial reference to the Amphibia. Jour. Comp.
Neurol. IV. 1894.
'76. Born, G., Ueber die Nasenhohlen und Thranennasen-
gang der Amphibien. Morph. Jahrb. II. 1876.
'02. Bruner, H. L., The smooth facial muscles of Anura and
Salamandrina. Morph. Jahrb. Bd. XXIX. 1902.
122 Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.
'02. Coghill, G. E., the cranial nerves of Amblystoma tigri-
num. Jour. Comp. Neurol. XII. 1902.
'93. Gaupp, E., Beitrage zur Morphologic des Schadels. 1:
Primordial-Cranium und Kieferbogen von Rana fusca.
Morph. Arbeiten. II. 1893.
'99. Gaupp, E., Ecker's und Wiedersheim's Anatomie des
Frosches. Zweiten Abthlg. 1899.
'00. Gaupp, E., Alte Probleme und neuere Arbeiten iiber
den Wirbeltierschadel. Ergebnis. der Anat. und
Entwickl. X. 1900.
'05.1 Gaupp, E., Kopfskelet, Handbuch der vergleichenden
und experimentellen Entwicklungs-lehre der Wirbel-
tiere. O. Hertwig. Jena, 1905.
'05.2 Gaupp, E., Neue Deutungen auf dem Gebiete derLehre
vom Saugetierschadel. Anat. Anz. Bd. XXVII. 1905.
'94. Herrick, C. J., The cranial nerves of Amblystoma punc-
tatum. Jour. Comp. Neurol. IV. 1894.
'74. Huxley, T. H., On the structure of the skull and of the
heart of Menobranchus lateralis. Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond. 1874.
'95. Kingsbury, B. F., On the brain of Necturus maculatus,
Jour. Comp. Neurol. V. 1895.
'99. Locy, W. A., New facts regarding the development of
the olfactory nerve. Anat. Anz. XVI. 1899.
'77. Parker, W. K., On the structure and development of
the skull in the Urodelous Amphibia. Philos. Trans.
167. Pt. 2. 1877.
'97. Piatt, J. B., the development of the cartilaginous skull
and of the branchial and hypoglossal musculature in
Necturus. Morph. Jahrb. XXV. 1897.
*95. Seydel, O., Ueber die Nasenhohle und Jacobson'sche
Organ der Amphibien. Morph. Jahrb. XXIII. 1895.
'75. Stieda, L., Ueber den Bau des centralen Nervensystems
des Axolotl. Zeitschr. f. Wissenschaft. Zool. Bd.
XXV. 1875.
'77. "Wiedersheim, E., Das Kopfskelet der Urodelen. Morph.
Jahrb. III. 1877.
Terry — The Naaal Skeleton of Amhlystoma punctatum. 12S
'02. Wiedersheim, R., Vergleichenden Anatomie der Wir-
belthiere, 5 Auflage. 1902.
'91. Wilder, H. H., A contribution to tlie anatomy of Siren
lacertina. Zool. Jahrb. IV. 1891.
'92. Wilder, H. H., Die Nasengegend von Menopoma alleg-
haniense und Amphiuma tridactylum . Zool. Jahrb. V.
1892.
'03. Wilder, H. H., The skeletal system of Necturus macula-
tu8. Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. V. 1903.
'98. Winslow, G. M., The chondrocranium in the Ichthyop-
sida. Tufts College Studies, No. 5, 1898.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES.
The drawings of the wax-modela have been made by Dr, R. W. Mills of
the Washington University Medical Department. The tracings of the
transections were made with the camera lucida.
Fig. 1. Model of Stage I, showing the anterior part of the brain, left eje-
ball and nasal sac, the trabecular horns and ethmoidal columns. About ^ .
Fig. 2. Model of Stage II, showing the right half of the anterior end of
the brain, the left eye-ball and nasal sac; the changes in the ethmoidal col-
umn and other parts of the ethmoidal skeleton appear. About ^.
Fig. 3. Model of Stage III. The ethmoidal skeleton and the left nasal
sac are shown. The latter, as in Fig. 2, is sectioned caudad of the external
naris. The olfactory and ethmoidal windows are present. About ^.j
Fig. 4. Model of Stage IV. Left nasal sac and left half of the ethmoidal
skeleton. The nasolacrimal duct and the nerves of this region are shown.
About V-
Fig. 5. Transection passing through the anlage of the ethmoidal column,
showing also the column of cells between it and the trabecula. Ambly-
etoma 12 mm.
Fig. 6, Transection at the level of the base of the antorbital process and
cephalic end of the trabecular crest. Stage II. XV*
Fig. 7. Transection at the level of the middle of the ethmoidal column
and olfactory bulb. Stage II. X V-
Fig. 8. Transection passing through Jacobson's organ and gland at the
level of the caudal edge of the trabecular horn. Stage III. X V-
124 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
ABBREVIATIONS.
AnI. Anlage of ethmoidal column.
Ant. tr. pi. Anterior trabecular plate.
C. Cell column between anlage and trabecula.
C. F. Communicating branch from Bamus frontalis to the third main
division of the Ophthalmic V.
Col, eth. Columna ethmoidalls.
Co. tr. Cornu trabeculae.
C. tr. Crista trabeculae.
D. nl. Ductus nasolacrimallfl.
E. Eye-ball.
Eth. br. Ethmoidal bridge.
Eth. pi. Ethmoidal plate.
F. Ramus frontalis trigemini.
Fen. eth. Fenestra ethmoidalis.
Fen. ol. Fenestra olfactoria.
F. olf. Foramen olfactorium.
I. N. Branch of olfactory nerve.
^ Inc. med. Incieura medialls.
J. gl. Jacobson's gland.
J. O. Jacobson's organ.
L. Lamina cribrosa.
Max. Ramus maxillaris trigeminl.
M. D.^Main division of nasal sac.
N. L. P. Nasolacrimal pouch.
N. S. Nasal sac.
O. F. Olfactory nerve fibers.
Olf. Olfactory bulb.
Oph. Vi, J, s- First, second and third main divisions of the Ophthalmic
V nerve in the orbit.
P. Ramus palatinus VII.
Pr. ao. Processus antorbitaiis.
Pr. eth. Processus ethmoidalis.
Pr. lat. Processus lateralis (of the ethmoidal column).
Pr. med. Processus medialis (of the trabecul*).
Pr, n. med. Processus nasalis medialis.
Pr. unc. Processus uucinatus (of the ethmoidal column).
R. nl. Branch of the third main division of the Ophthalmic V nerve, fol-
lowing the nasolacrimal duct.
Sub. 8. Subnasal space.
Tr. Trabecula.
lasutd Dec. I, 1906.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOt.. XVI. No. 6.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STAPHYLINID GROUPS
ALEOCHARINAE AND XANTHOLININI,
CHIEFLY OF AMERICA.
THOS. L. CASEY.
Issued, November 22, 1906.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE STAPHYLINID GROUPS
ALEOCHARINAE AND XANTHOLININI,
CHIEFLY OF AMERICA.
By Thos. L. Casey.
The following pages are devoted to the revision of several
detached groups of Staphylinidae, which have been almost
completely neglected heretofore in American literature. In
the Aleocharinae, the parts of the series selected for present
review are those which are of more general interest and
therefore somewhat systematically collected, although this is
only true in a relative sense, there being many most interest-
ing genera and species still to be discovered. Besides these
groups of the Aleocharinae, a revision of the tribe Xantho-
linini is presented, based upon such material as could be con-
veniently brought together. Here, as well as among the
Aleocharinae, a number of foreign genera and species are in-
cluded, more for instructive comparison than anything else,
and a list of these will be appended with record of the page
of publication, in order to facilitate bibliographic reference.
Practically the only published work bearing upon the groups
here revised is that of Dr. J. L. LeConte, consisting of some
short notes and abbreviated descriptions, which could scarcely
be termed synopses, even of the species then known to collect-
ors, being restricted to a few more distinctive or representa-
tive forms ; in fact, according to the more rational or at least
discriminative modern concepts, a very large proportion of
them represent distinct genera, and some, originally in-
cluded within a single genus such as Falagria, even prove to
be the types of genera not at all closely related. Several of
the published species are not represented before me at this
time, but these would scarcely alter in any way the general
scheme of classification adopted for the several groups;
they are, however, referred to with all the detail now
accessible.
(125)
126 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Throughout the present work and in future publications
of the author, the title "America," will refer to the United
States of America alone. The continent of which America
forms a part, is named North America by common usage; the
continent south of Panama is, in a similar way, universally
known as South America. Having assumed the name
United States of America at our birth as a nation, the single
word standing for the country, and the only name from
which jan adjective can be properly derived, is America, in a
manner conforming to that by which Mexico is derived from
the full official title of the country — the United States of
Mexico — or Colombia from the United States of Colombia.
It is thought that by following this geographic terminology
consistently no doubt or ambiguity need arise.
As on previous occasions, an asterisk will be prefixed to
those subtribes, genera or other groups, which do not occur
within the confines of America.
St. LouiH, Juue 5, 1906.
Subfamily ALEOCHARINAE.
Omitting for the present certain aberrant forms of Staphy-
linidae, for the most part having small anterior coxae, the
remainder of this great family may be assigned, apparently
with some degree of propriety, to two subfamilies. One of
the.se subfamilies may be formed from what are now knowai
as the tribes Aleocharini and Tachyporini, the second com-
prising the succeeding tribes such as Staphylinini, Stenini,
Paederini and others. It is easy to recall certain bonds of
affinity uniting together the discordant elements of each of
these vast complexes; for example, the dilatation of the an-
terior tarsi is unknown or extremely rare in the Aleochariuae
and very frequent in the Staphylininae, and, again, the ex-
ternal sexual characters of the male generally evince them-
selves on the dorsal plates of the abdomen in the former and
on the ventral surface alone in the latter. As a rule, also.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 127
the mode of antennal insertion differs in the two subfamilies.
Assuming, therefore, a subfamily Aleocharinae constituted
as above, it may be subdivided into a number of tribes de-
pending upon tarsal, antennal and other characters, to which
simple group names have been hitherto attached. For ex-
ample, the Aleocharini comprise those genera of the former
heterogeneous tribe Aleocharini having the antennae 11-jointed
and the tarsi 5-5-5-jointed, the Myrmedoniini those with
similar antennae but having the tarsi 4-5-5 jointed, then the
Bolitocharini with the tarsi 4-4-5 jointed and so on through
the series. These tribes may then be further subdivided into
subtribes based upon various less important structural pe-
culiarities. The Aleocharini would include, for instance, a
subtribe Aleocharae, including all those genera of the tribe
Aleocharini having a small additional or fifth joint at the tip
of the slender fourth joint of the maxillary palpi and the
Oxypodae would be a subtribe characterized by a narrower and
less heavy body, as a rule, and absence of the palpal appen-
dage ; there would also be other subtribal groups defined by
special characters.
In the following pages I have selected for systematic study
certain of these subtribal groups of genera as they occur in
America.
Tribe Aleocharini.
Subtribe Aleocharae.
This subtribe of the restricted tribe Aleocharini is well
represented in America by numerous genera which may be
defined as follows, the table including also all the known
European genera : —
HypomerastroBgly inflexed, not at a^l visible from a lateral point of ?!ew. 2
Hypomeia feebly icfiexed, in part at least visible from a lateral point of
view in a horizontal plane passing through the axis of the body 11
2 — Meaosternum without trace of carina at any point; elytra not sinuate at
tip externally S
Mesosternum carinate, the carina generally extending to the tip of the
process but scmetimes abbreviated g
i — Abdomen with the first three tergitjes narrowly and acutely impressed
128 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
at base, the first two strongly, the third feebly, the fourth also appar-
ently slightly impressed or with the basal plate equally strongly ele-
vated. Mesosternum more or less wide between the coxae, attaining
the metasternum, which is broadly rounded or subangulate and but
slightly produced; head small, distinctly and arcuately narrowed to the
basa, the eyes large, the front between them angulate; antennae varia-
ble; basal angles of the prothorax obliterated; abdomen always
coarsely and very sparsely punctate; hind tarsi with the basal joint
much elongated. Cosmopolitan Aleochara
Abdomen with the basal terglte alone impressed at base; body stout but
much smaller in size; antennae short, very stout, compact, slender at
base; basal angles of the prothorax more evident though very broadly
rounded ^
4 — Mesosternal process moderately broad , extending to the tip of the coxae,
meeting the very short and broadly rounded metasternum andemarg-
Inate at tip; head small, strongly narrowed at base, the eyes large, the
front obtusely triangular between them; prothorax much narrowed
in front as in Aleochara, the abdomen strongly, more evenly and rather
less sparsely sculptured; hind tarsi shorter than the tibiae, with the
basal joint elongate as in Aleochara; male sexual characters evinced
in irregular acute pectination of the sixth tergite and discal tuber-
culation of the fifth. Europe *Ctenochara
Mesosternal process slightly abbreviated and extremely narrow toward tip,
the latter very narrowly truncate, attaining the acute tip of the some-
what elongate raetasternal process; head large, abruptly and only mod-
erately narrowed at base, the eyes relatively less developed, the front
between them very broadly subtruncate; prothorax subparallel; abdo-
men much more finely, closely and evenly sculptured than in Aleochara;
hind tarsi very elongate, slender, fully as long as the tibiae, with the
basal joint much elongated as in Aleochara; male sexual characters
undetermined. Pacific Coast of America Aidochara
5 — The carina entire and unusually elevated but formed, at least posteriorly,
by a general bilateral compression of the surface, the summit generally
more declivous toward the tip of the process, where it becomes setose ;
maxillary palpi normally slender and elongate, with the fourth joint
aciculate; mesosternal process rather narrow toward tip, extending to
the end of the coxae, where it meets the extremely short [and broadly
arcuate metasternum; hind tarsi well developed, with the basal joint
much elongated as in Aleochara *
The carina generally entire though frequently abbreviated, alwaya fine, even
and formed by an abrupt elevation of the medial line only, never
modified or setose toward tip 7
6 — Body more or less stout as in Aleochara, the head rather small, arcu-
ately narrowing behind the well developed eyes, the front angulate
between them; antennae rather well developed; prothorax much nar-
rowed in front, nearly as in Aleochara but with the basal angles much
more evident; elytra feebly but very obviously sinuate externally at tip;
abdomen finely and very closely punctate, the first two tergites alone
distinctly, though rather acutely, and only moderately, the remainder
not definitely, impressed. Europe and America Xenochara
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae, 129
Body less stout, the head and prothorax nearly as in Xenoch0.ra but with the
basal angles of the latter more rounded; elytra evenly arcuato-truncate
at tip, not at all sinuate externally; abdomen more coarsely and only
moderately closely sculptured, with the first tergite alone distinctly
impressed. South Africa *Notiochara
7 — Anterior and middle tibiae finely spinulose or setose, the former elong-
ate and not dilated 8
Anterior and middle tibiae very coarsely spinulose externally, the former
much shorter than usual, dilated and somewhat arcuate 10
8 — Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi conical, the third elonizate and mod-
erately slender as usual. Body stout^ parallel; mesoslernal process
slightly abbreviated, narrow, gi-adually tapering to the narrow ernarg-
inate apex, which attains the acutely angular apex of the pronounced
metasternal projection; carina very fine, confined to the anterior half of
themesosternum; head rather large, but little narrowed behind the mod-
erate and somewhat prominent eyes to the broad neck, the front be-
tween the eyes very broadly angular; antennae relatively short and very
stout; prothorax with unusually distinct basal angles; elytra truncate
or very feebly and broadly subsinuate externally at tip; abdomen finely,
very closely punctured, the first three tergites broadly, deeply and
subequally concave at base, the others not impressed; hind tarsi very
long, fully equaling the tibiae in length, gradually tapering from base
to apex, the basal joint longer than the next two combined; femora and
tibiae densely fulvo-setulose. Western America Oreocliara
Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi aciculate 9
9 — Third palpal joint unusually short, broad at apex, obcouical, not twice
as long as wide, the fourth rapidly enlarged toward base; mesosternal
process acutely pointed. Form narrower, more depressed and parallel;
mesosternal process very narrow, gradually narrowed nearly to the apex,
then more strongly and arcuately so to the actual tip, which nearly
extends to the end of the coxae and fully attains the broadly but sharply
angulate apex of the metasternum, the carina fine, confined to anterior
two- fifths of the mesosternum; head large, the sides rapidly and arcu-
ately converging behind the well developed eyes, the front between
the latter very broadly parabolic; antennae well developed; prothorax
with the basal angles broadly obtuse but distinct, the disk uniformly
punctured: elytra with the apex narrowly and feebly sinuate at the
sides; abdomen with the first four tergites broadly and roundly impressed
at base, gradually less strongly so, the irrpressious deep on the basal
plates, feeble but distinct on the fourth and all much more finely
though more closely punctate than the remainder of the surface ; hind
tarsi rather shorter than the tibiae, with the first joint only as long as
the next two combined and scarcly as long as the fifth, the tibiae more
sparsely setulose than in Oreochara. Pacific Coast of America.
Calochara
Third palpal joint elongate, moderately slender, the four^.h slender and
never more than feebly tapering throughout. Form generally simi-
lar to that of Calochara, less stout than in Aleochara and Oreochara,
rather convex; mesosternal process variable in width bnt long, always
truncate or sinuate at tip, generally nearly attaining the tip of the
130 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
coxae and abutting against or sliglitly ovorlapplng the broad apex of
the metaaternal projection; carina geaerally entire though frequently
abbreviated, sometimes as much so as in the two precediug genera;
head rather small in size, subparallel or only slightly narrowed behind
the well developed eyes, the front between the latter angulate; an-
tennae variable but more or les3 well developed; prothorax variable in
sculpture, the basal angles more or less broadly rounded and indis-
tiDCt; elytra each broadly arcuate at apex, not sinuate externally;
abdomen densely to very sparsely punctured, the first three tergites
alone impressed at base, gradually and rapidly less strongly as a rule ;
hind tarsi variable. Cosmopolitan Baryodma
10 — Body only moderately stout, parallel, strongly convex, the mesosternal
process somewhat abbreviated, attaining the acute apex of the rather
strongly produced raetastemum, the carina strong and entire; head
rather small, parallel behind the well developed eyes, the front angulate ;
maxillary palpi normal; antennae unusually small, the second joint
much longer than the third; prothorax sparsely, irregularly and
strongly punctured, with two deeply impressed median sulci, the base
broadly lobed in the middle, the angles obsolete; elytra very coarsely
sculptured, each strongly sinuate laterally at tip; abdomen parallel,
fiuely, closely puactate throughout except along the more or less im-
puDCtate median line, the first four tergites strongly impressed at base,
successively somewhat less strongly so, the depressions more coarsely
punctured; hind tibiae sparsely setose, very slender at base, swollen
thence to the tip, equal in length to the tarsi or but slightly longer, the
first joint of the latter elongate. Pacific Coast of America.. Encharina
11 — Middle coxae widely separated. Body more or less stout, frequently
very large in size, with partially opaque integuments; mesosternum
wholly without trace of carina, the process extending only slightly be-
yond the middle of the acetabula, rounded or truncate at tip and abut -
ting against or received within the truncate or sinuate and gener-
ally broader apex of the long broad meta^fternal projection; head
moderate, strongly and arcuately narrowed behind the very moderate
eyes, the front broadly parabolic; palpi elongate and normal; antennae
well developed, generally stout; prothorax broadly arcuate at base,
either continuously with the sides, the basal angles being obsolete, or
discontinuously, the angles being distinct; elytra each arcaato-truncate
at tip, not at all sinuate near ths sides; abdomen with the first two
tergites deeply and broadly, the third less deeply and less widely im-
pressed at base, the fourth and fifth broadly and feebly concare
toward base, all the depressions impunctate though somewhat rugulose
along the raised basal margins, the punctures fine, confined to posterior
half of all the tergites except the sixth, which is wholly punctured;
legs vStout, the tibiae setulose, the hind tarsi much shorter than the
tibiae, with the basal joint moderately elongate. Sonoran fauna of
America and Mexico, [= Tithanis Csy.] Maseochara
Middle coxae narrowly separated to subcontiguou8,the mesosternal proces*
generally extending to apical third or fourth of the acetabula, frequently
very slender, truncate to very acute at tip; bypomera generally less
visible from the sides than in Maseochara 12
Casey — Observations on the JStapJiylinidae. 131
12 — Abdomen Trith the first four tergites impressed at base, successively
less strongly, the surface more or less sparsely and finely punctate... IS
Abdomen with the first three tergites impressed at base, the fourth and fifth
not at all impressed, the impressions nairow, deep and subequal except
in Pinalochara 15
Abdomen with the first two tergites alone impressed at base, the impressions
rounded, deep and subtqual 16
13 — Posterior tarsi shorter, the basal joint frequeutly but little longer than
the second; body depressed. Form parallel, the integuments in great
part opaque and with inconspicuous punctures nearly as in Maseochara;
mesosternal process truncate to acute, separated from the angulate apex
of the distinctly produced metasternum by a short depressed longitudi-
nal dii^coDtinuity; head rather large, parallel behind the very moderate
and somewhat prominent eyes, the palpi rather short and thick; front
broadly subtruncate ; antennae well developed ; prothoraxbroadly arcuate
at ba^e, subparallel at the sides, the basal angles more or less distinct;
elytra well developed, not siuuate at tip externally; abdomen parallel,
with the basal impressions impuuctate, the punctures elsewhere fine
and sparse. Cosmopolitan. [= Polystoma || Auct.] Emplenota
Posterior tarsi longer, the basal joint greatly elongated, equal to the next
three combined or nearly so ; body normally convex 14
14, — Body parallel, rather large in size, the integuments polished almost
throughout, the punctures fine and not very conspicuous, very sparse on
the abdomen ; mesosternal process very narrow, gradually and very
finely pointed, separated from the metasternum, which is very broadly
rounded and does not enter the intercoxal space, by a very long deep
longitudinal discontinuity; head well developed, parallel, somewhat
swollen at the sides behind the moderate and slightly prominent eyes,
the front obtusely acgulate, the palpi normally long and slender ; anten-
nae well developed, the second and third joints much elongated; pro-
thorax subparallel, the base arcuate, the angles obtuse and rounded;
elytra well developed, each distinctly sinuate at tip externally; abdomen
narrowed toward tip behind the middle, the impressions deep, rounded
and unusually large, involving the greater part of each tergite, except
the fourth, the fifth unimpressed, the impressions more coarsely punc-
tate than the remainder; male sexual characters evincing themselves
by a tubercle on the basal one or two and fifth tergites, the under surface
of the second and third sometimes broadly excavated at base except
near the sides; legs rather short, moderately stout, the tibiae somewhat
closely setulose. Europe * Ceranota
Body narrow, parallel, convex, the integuments finely punctate, slightly aluta-
ceous, the abdomen polished; mesosternal process extremely narrow,
gradually and acutely pointed, just attaining the acutely acgulate apex of
the pronounced metasttrnal projection without longitudinal discontinuity
but on a higher level — viewed ventrally; head moderate, parallel and
arcuate behind the rather small eyes, rapidly narrowed at the extreme
base, the palpi slender; front angulate; antennae well developed; protho-
rax subparallel, unusually feebly arcuate at base, the angles obtuse but
distinct; elytra only very obsoletely sinuate externally at tip; abdomen
narrowed slightly toward tip, the first three tergites each with a large
132 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
deep rounded basal impression occupying from about a half to a third
the entire length of the tergite, the fourth with a very feeble concavity
toward base, having a prominent basal margin but without the same
character of depression as the first three, the impressions all rather more
coarsely punctured than the remainder of the surface;' legs rather long
and slender. Atlantic districts of America Echochara
Body stouter but equally convex, the integuments finely punctate, some-
what alutaceous in lustre, the abdomen polished; meeosternal process
narrow but with the apex subtruncate, extending posterially much further
than usual in this group and attaining fully apical fifth of the ac/tabula
and almost the end of the coxae, the tip extending to the modt'rately
produced and parabelically rounded metasternal projection without
longitudinal discontinuity; head rather small, parallel and somewhat
arcuately inflated behind the moderate and slightly prominent eyes,
abruptly narrowed at the extreme base; front broadly arcuato-trnncate;
palpi normally slender, the antennae well developed, with the second
and third joints much elongated; prothorax subparallel, murh more
arcuate at base than in Echochara, with the basal angles obtuse and
more rounded; elytra not sinuate at tip externally; abdomen i-iiahtly
narrowed from ba.^e to the tip of the fifth segment, the impres.-ions all
unusually narrow and .^hallow, that of the fourth tergite very feeble, all
more finely but more perforately punctate than the remainder; legs
rather short and slender. Europe *Polystomota
15 —Form somewhat narrow and depressed, parallel, the sculpture sparse;
mesosternal process extending to apical fourth of the coxae, moderately
narrow, the tip truncate and fully attaining the apex of the unusually
elongate metasternal projection; head well developed, orbicular, the
eyes well developed, the neck but little more than two -thirds as wide
as the head, the antennae moderate, gradually incrassate, with the
elongate second and third joints subequal; prothorax subparallel, with
obtuse and slightly rounded though distinct basal angles, the hypo-
raera almost as fully visible from the sides as ia Maseochara and ex-
tending to the apex; elytra molerately developed, not in the least
sinuate laterally at tip, the external angles rounded; abdomen v.-ith the
first three tergites rather broadly, feebly and decreaslng'y impressed at
base; hind tarsi short, nearly as in Emplenota, the first four joints f-ub-
equal or with the first very slightly longer than the second. Sunoran
regions Phialochara
Porm rather stout, convex, alutaceous in lustre, the punctuation fine and
very close throughout, including the abdomen; mesosternal process
rather narrow but not strongly acuminate, flat, the apex arcuato-
truncate, not attaining the very short and broidly rounded meta-
sternal projection by a short deep longitudinal discontinuity; head
rather small, feebly narrowed behind the somewhat prominent
eyes, the front broad, feebly, evenly declivous to the apex; palpi
somewhat short and thick; antennae moderately well developed, stout
and somewhat compact, the second and third joints eloncate, the
fourth short, transverse and much shorter than the fifth as usual; pro-
thorax unusually transverse and narrowed from base to apex, with the
base broadly arcuate and the angles distinct; elytra la>-ge, each dis-
Case>j — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 138
tinctly sinuate externally at tip; abdomen of normal width, narrowed
slightly behind the middle, the impressions continuous in punctuation
with the rest of the surface; legs short, the hind tarsi much shorter than
the tibiae, with the bisal joint as long as the next two together or but
little longer. Europe and Atlantic America Rheochara
Form less stout, convex, the integuments s-trongly shining, feebly and in-
conspicuously puuctulate, the abdomen very sparsely punctulate, with
the punctures of the impressions barely as large as the others and still
• sparser; mesosternal process very slender, much abbreviated as usual
but very narrowly rounded or subacute at tip, the surface near the
apex deeply concave, the lip failing to attain the very feebly rounded
metasternum, which exhibits scarcely any tendency to project between
the coxae, by an extremely large and deep longitudinal discontinuity,
the mesjosternum, witii a low broad and flat irregular cariniform ele-
vation in about anterior half ; head relatively larger though moderate,
abruptly constricted at base, the sides subparallel, the eyes ii^oderately
prominent, the front broadly arcuate, the antennae much larger and
more developed, with the fourth joint abnormal, slightly elongate and
not differing much from the fifth; palpi elongate and slender; pro-
thorax only slightly narrowed from base to apex , broadly arcuate at base,
the angles obtuse but distinct; elytra long and well developed, each
deeply sinuate externally at apex; abdomen unusually narrow, rather
strongly narrowed in apical half; legs slender, the hind tart^i s^horter
than the tibiae but very slender, filiform, with the basal joint as
long as the next thre«combin'id and longer tiiau the fifth. Pacific Coast
of America Rheobioma
16 — Body as in Bheobioma, shining, the integuments less sparsely and
rather more distinctly sculptured; mesosternum without trace of carina
anteriorly, the process very slender, excavated near the narrowly acu-
minate tip which just attains a long and very pronounced, narrowly
rounded or subangulate projection of the metasternum; head and
palpi nearly as in Bheobioma, the antennae almost as well devel-
oped but with the fourth joint much smaller thau the fifth, though
nearly as long as wide; prothorax subparallel, with the base strongly
and evenly arcuate, the angles rounded but not obliterated; elytra long
and well developed, each broadly and moderately sinuate externally at
tip; abdomen normally broad at base but rapidly narrowed behind the
second segment, the basal impressions scarcely visibly more coarsely
but less closely punctured than tha remainder of the first two tergites;
legs rather long and slender, the hind tarsi as in the preceding genus.
Pacific Coast of America Rheocliarella
The genera above described are rather numerous and it
may seem more appropriate to consider some of them as sub-
genera. In regard to this, however, it should be stated that
it seems very difficult to make any such combinations with-
out including all of them as subgenera of Aleochara. After
careful study it appears to me absurdly inconsistent to main-
134 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
taiu Maseochara and JEmplenota (^Polystoma) distinct from
Aleochara, as admitted in current literature, and not admit
Hheochara, Ceranota and the others as likewise valid. In mj-
own opinion they are all equally valid genera or else are all
subgenera. The final conclusion will be revealed by future
concurrence of opinion and the function of the writer is ful-
filled in simply pointing out the numerous divergencies of
structure. The attempt to determine the actual value of these
anatomical discordances should, however, only be made by
those willing to give the subject close and thorough study
with adequate optical appliances. The talented systematists
Thomson and Key have been the only ones thus far to really
examine these generic groups and I agree fully with their
conclusions. Many of Key's species, also, have been care-
lessly and unjustly suppressed, in addition to considerable un-
warranted discrediting of his genera.
The foreign genera above indicated may be alluded to in
brief as follows : —
Ctenochara n. gen. — This genus is founded upon a very
small species of the European fauna, sent to me some years
ago under the name Aleochara clavicornis Redt. It may or
may not be correctly determined, but whatsoever its true
name may prove to be, it can readily be recognized by the
characters given the table. Whether other species should
-enter the genus at present is unknown to the writer.
NoTiocHARA n. gen. — Two species from the vicinity of
Cape Town in South Africa seemed at first to be aberrant
members of Xenochara, but closer observation revealed cer-
^tain peculiarities of structure which necessitate generic separa-
tion, these relating principally to the very important abdomi-
nal characters as stated in the above table, together with
the entire absence of sinuation at the tips of the elytra near
the sides. The types maj^ be described as follows: —
vForm moderately stout, convex, polished, deep black throughout, the elytra
not at all paler; antennae black, the basal parts and legs dark piceous,
the tarsi paler; pubescence very short, not dense, dark fuscous in color
and inconspicuous; head not quite half as wide as the prothorax,
strongly deflexed and deeply inserted, the eyes and palpi well developed,
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 13S
the latter slender and normal; antenoae stout, somewhat longer than
the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly incrassate distally, the
outer joints less than twice as wide as long, the second and third
moderately elong'^te, equal, the fourth obtrapezoidal, as long as the
fifth but much narrower; prothorax three -fifths wider than long,
strongly narrowed from base to apex, with the sides strongly and evenly
arcuate, the base evenly arcuate; punctures like those of the head, very
minute and rather sparse, eveuly distributed; elytra short, but little
wider than the prothorax, the sides much shorter than those of the lat-
ter, the suture barely three- fifths as long as the median lii;e; punc-
tures small but strong, close-set and very strongly asperate; abdomen
at base almost as wide as theeljtra, gradually but only very feebly nar-
rowed thence to tip, finely but strongly, asperately and rather closely
punctured, sparsely so toward tip; hind tarsi very nearly as long as the
tibiae, with the basal joint longer than the next two combined and
much longer than the fifth; mesosterual ridge feebly elevated, the finely
cariniform summit even throuiihout, setose toward tip. Length 3.8
mm.; width 1.2 mm. South Africa CWellington) sabaspera n. sp.
Form less stout, parallel, equally convex, deep black throughout; antennae
black, faintly piceous at base, the legs paler, rufo-piceous; pubescence
very short, dark and inconspicuous; head and antennae nearly as in
aubaspera, the latter somewhat shorter and more incrassate, not as long
as the head and prothorax, the penultimate joint very nearly twice as
wide as long; prothorax minutely, sparsely and evenly punctulate, trans-
verse, nearly as in the preceding but rather less narrowed from base to
apex, with more arcuate sides; elytra not at alJ wider though shorter
than the prothorax, the suture nearly two-thirds as long as the median
line, the punctures fine, less close-set but almost as strongly asperate;
abdomen as wide as the elytra, arcuately narrowing in apical half, finely,
asperately and less closely punctate; hind tarsi as long as the tibiae;
mesosternal ridge low, the summit finely and strongly cariniform
anteriorly but broadening into a transversely rounded polished surface
posteriorly with setae toward tip as usual. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.9
mm. South Africa (Cape Town) stibiosa n. sp.
Ceranota Steph. — The characters of the descriptioD given
above are drawn from a specimen kindly given me by Mr.
A. Fauvel, under the name eryt]iroj)tera Grav. It is a highly
specialized genus, remarkable not only in the broad turgitical
impressions, but in the very large shallow excavation occasion-
ally observable at the bases of the second and third ventrals,
which may be sexual, and the male tubercles of the first one
■or two and the fifth dorsal plates. In the long and well
developed, externally sinuate elytra and other characters,
such as the feebly inflexed hypomera and conformation of the
intermesocoxal parts, it is an evident ally of Rheochara, and
136 Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Lords.
yet these two genera are placed at the opposite ends of the
series in the catalogue of Heyden, Keitter and Weise. The
species are rather numerous but appear to be very rare in
individuals. Mr. Reitter has recently sent me a male of
ruficornis Grav.
PoLYSTOMOTA n. gen. — This genus is founded upon the
European Poly stoma grisea, of Kraatz, and there may be one
or two other species of the palaearctic fauna which will prove
to be congeneric. On comparing this species with Emplenota
{Polystorna) algartrm, of Fauvel, it can be readily seen that
the upper surface has none of the exceptionally depressed
character that distinguishes the genus Emplenota, and closer
observation shows that the intermesocoxal parts and hind tarsi
are very different in organization. In fact Poly stomot a forms
a bond between the isolated Emplenota and the equally dis-
tinct Rheochara, but with characters differing so greatly from
either as to necessitate a separate genus.
Aleochara Grav.
The chief special characters of this genus are the simple
non-carinate mesosternum, always more or less widely separ-
ating the coxae and extending to the posterior limits of the
latter, the metasternal process being short and broad or oc-
casionally subobsolete, the strongly inflexed hypomera and
the feebly modified third ventral plate, the first two being
distinctly and acutely impressed. In addition, the punctua-
tion of the pronotum is invariably rather fine and even, that
of the elytra but little coarser and somewhat closer, while the
punctures of the abdomen are more or less obviously coarse
and notably sparse throughout the genus. The elytra are
feebly siuuato-truncate at apex, without trace of external
sinus. The species are somewhat heterogeneous in antennal
structure, some having these organs short, thick and fusi-
form, while in others they are much longer, less thick and
gradually enlarged to the tip, also in the nature of the male
sexual characters, the apex of the sixth dorsal plate being
either simple and subtruncate in that sex or pectinate as in
Casey — Observations en the Staphylinidae. 137
Maseochara, though much more finely and less strongly. I
have never observed any pectination of this plate in genera
having the mesosternum carinate, though it may occur. The
mesosternum and its intercoxal process are margined at each
side along the acetabula by a smooth polished and rather
deep gutter, which is better developed than in any other
genus; these channels will be alluded to below as coxal
grooves. Our species are moderately numerous but do not
seem to occur in the true Pacific coast fauna to any notable
extent, the nearest approach known to me being the single
example of tahoensis which I took some years ago. The six-
teen species in my cabinet may be readily known by the fol-
lowing characters : —
Sixth dorsal plate broader at apex in the male than in the female and pec-
tinate with short triangular teeth, simple in the female; antennae more
or less stout, short or moderate in length, the outer joints strongly
transverse, the last obtusely pyriform 3
Sixth dorsal simple and subtruucate at apex in both sexes, broader in the
male, the antennae variable 8
2 — Head obviously more than half as wide as the prothorax. Body mod-
erately stout, subparallel, stiining, the head and pronotum blackish -
piceous, ihe elytra pale, blackish at the sides except near the base, the
abdomen deep black, the apex scarcely picescent; head and pronotum
finely, evenly, rather sparsely punctate, the eyes large, not prominent;
antennae not quite as long as the head and prothorax, the joints four to
six gradually increasing, six to eleven equal in width, stout, the suba-
pical obtrapezoidal, scarcely twice as wide as long; prothorax three-
fourths wider than long, narrowed anteriorly, the sides and base
broadly rounded ; elytra twice as wide as long, distinctly shorter than
the prothorax, fluely, rather closely but feebly punctate; abdomen as
wide at base as the elytra, thence, gradually, moderately narrowed to
the tip of the fifth segment and coarsely, only moderately sparsely
punctate, the sides straight; mesosternal process wide, fiat, not quite
extending to the tip of the coxae, truncate at tip, the sides extending
further than the median punctate part, which, at the apical width of
the process before the tip, is nearly four times as wide as the coxal
grooves; meta^ternal process broadly angulate, between points of
tangency with the acetabula about six times as wide as long; basal
joint of the hind tarsi not quite as long as the next three combined.
Male with the sixth tergite subrectilinearly truncate and having about
eleven small equal triangular teeth, each wider at base than long.
Length 4.3 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Texas texana n. sp.
Head not more than half as wide as the prothorax and generally less 3
3 — Sixth tergite of the male broadly sinuate at tip. Body stout, shining,
138 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Loms.
dark rufous, the head more piceous, the elytra leebly clouded at the
sides and near the scutellum, the abdomen blackish, the sixth segment
and tip of the fifth rufous; antennae dusky, pale at base; head
rather sparsely, the pronotum finely and not very closely punctured,
the eyes large, the antennae short, not as long as the head and pro-
thorax, very stout, fusoid, the tip narrower than the sixth joint which
is twice as wide as long; prothorax nearly as In texana; elytra rather
less than twice as wide as long, though obviously shorter than the
prothorax, finely, rather distinctly, closely punctured; abdomen as ia
texana but with the puuctures very sparse ; mesosternum similarly broad
between the coxae, the metasternal process still shorter and more
rounded; first joint of the hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the next
three combined. Male with the apex of the sixth tergite having about
ten small equidistant teeth, the median four smaller and more acute
than the three at each side. Length 4.8 mm.; width 1.5 mm, North-
eastern States of America fnsicornis n. sp.
Sixth tergite of the male truncate at tip 4
4 — Teeth of the sixth male tergite even and equal in size or nearly so toward
the middle g
Teeth of the sixth tergite uneven, the medial tooth broadened, forming a
small lobe 7
5 — Median punctate part of the mesosternal process very wide, subparallel
toward tip, the latter broadly arcuate and usually extending somewhat
over the apex of the extremely short and broadly rounded metasternal
process, with the sides of the process less advanced posteriorly, its
width, at the apical width of the process in front of the latter, being
about four times that of the coxal grooves. Body moderately stent,
shining, blackish -piceous, the elytra more rufous, except toward the
sides posteriorly and broadly in the region of the scutellum; abdomea
black, the apical margin of all the segments dull rufous; antennae black-
ish, pale toward base, the legs pale as usual; head small, distinctly lesB
than half as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely, the latter finely brat
rather closely, punctured; eyes large; antennae nearly as in the pre-
ceding species but less stout, the sixth joint slightly wider than the apical
but scarcely twice as wide as long; prothorax two-thirds wider than long,
strongly narrowed anteriorly, the sides and base broadly rounded witk
the basal angles obliterated as usual; elytra nearly twice as wide as long,
shorter than vhe prothorax, the suture nearly three-fourths as Ions; as the
latter; abdomen only moderately narrowed from base to apex, the former
as wide as the elytra, the punctures coarse and very sparse; hind tarsi
rather distinctly shorter than the tibiae, the first joint obviou:=-ly shorter
>than the next three combined and equal to the last two. Male with the
comb of the sixth tergite composed of about twelve short triangular
teeth, the two or three at each side generally smaller than the other«.
Length 4.8-6.0 mm.; width 1.2-1.65 mm. New York (Catskill Mts. and
Ithaca), — H. H. Smith sterualis n. ep.
Median punctate part of the mesosternal process less broad and more taper-
ing behind, not extending as far posteriorly as the sides of the process
and with its tip rounded or narrowly truncate, its width, at about tke
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. \^9>
width of the tip of the process before the latter, being about three times
that of the coxal grooves 6
(5 — Form stouter than in sternalis, with the abdomen more strongly nar-
rowed from base to apex, the coloration throughout nearly similar, thev
pronotum sometimes faintly paler toward the sides, the punctuation
similar, except that the abdomen is fully as coarsely, though rather less
sparsely, punctate; head somewhat larger, nearly half as wide as the
prothorax, which is relatively larger than in sternalis but similar in form ;
antennae similarly short but rather stouter; elytra finely, closely, sub-
asperately and very distinctly punctured nearly as in sternalis through-
out. Male with the teeth of the sixth tergite about twelve in number,
short, stout and triangular, those at the sides not appreciably smaller
than the others; fir&t joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next three
together and distinctly longer than in the preceding species. Length
3.8-6.0 mm.; with 1.2-1.9 mm. New York (Long Island), Indiana, Vir-
ginia (Norfolk) and Louisiana Instrica Say
Torm slender, small in size, shining, dark rufo-testaceous, the head slightly
darker, the elytra feebly shaded at the sides and toward the scutellam,
the abdomen blackish, rufous at the apical margins of all the segments;
legs pale, the antennae blackish, pale towaid base as usual; punctures
rather smaller, feebler and less close-set than in the two preceding
species; head about half as wide as the prothorax, the antennae about
as long as the head and prothorax combined, very stout, the joints about
the sixth twice as wide as long and somewhat wider than the apical;
prothorax short, fully three-fourths wider than long, rather less nar-
rowed anteriorly than in lustrica, the sides and base broadly rounded,
the basal angles somewhat evident though very obtuse and broadly
rounded ; elytra not quite twice as wide as long, the sides as long as the
prothorax, the suture nearly four-fifths as long; abdomen as in lustrica,
the punctures very coarse; hind tarsi about as long as the tibiae, the
basal joint not quite as long as the next three combined. Male with
the teeth relatively somtwhat larger than in the two preceding species
and only about eight in number, the one at each side usually being rudi-
mentary. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.1 mm. Ohio (Cincinnati).
algonqnina n. sp.
7 — Body less stout than usual, shining, flavo-testaceous, the head, median
parts of the pronotum and scutellar region of the elytra pale piceous;
abdomen blackish, the apices of the segments pale; antennae dusky
paler toward base ; punctures coareer but feeble and very sparse on the
head, smaller and less sparse on the pronotum, stronger, dense and
asperate on the elytra, the abdominal punctures coarse and very sparse;
head fully half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes large, the antennae of
the usual type though less stout, as long as the head and prothorax, the
outer joints subequal in width, obtrapetoidal and distinctly less than
twice as wide as long; prothorax three-fourths wider than long, only
moderately narrowed anteriorly, broadly rounded at the sides and
base, the basal angles broadly arcuate; two approximate anterior punc-
tures placed transversely unusually distinct; elytra less than twice as wide
as long, the sides about as long as the prothorax, the suture nearly four-
fifths as long; hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibiae, the basal
140 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
joint unusually short, but little longer than the next two combined;
mesosternum moderately wide, arcuately narrowed at Up, the median
punctate part obtusely acuminate, barely reaching the apex, and, at a
short distance before the apex, not quite tbiee times as wide as the
coxal grooves. Male with the teeth of the sixih tergite large, broadly
triangular, about nine in number, the middle tooth wider and forming a
rounded lobe. Length 4.5 mm.; width 1.18 mm. New Yorlj (Catskill
Mts.), — H. H. Smith medialis n. sp.
8 — Antennae somewhat as in the preceding group, short, very stout and
fusoid, narrowing toward the tip, distinctly shorter than the head and
prothorax combined, the joints compactly placed and very strongly
transverse. Body very stout, large, parallel, shining, deep black
throughout, the legs and antennae also black, the latter not distinctly
paler at base, the tarsi piceous ; head much less than half as wide as
the prothorax, sparsely punctate, the eyes large; prothorax two-thirds
wider than long, strongly rounded at base, the sides strongly converg-
ing anteriorly and less arcuate than usual, but with the basal argles
broadly arcuate and obliterated, the punctures minute and rather sparse ;
elytra not twice as wide as long, the sides evidently longer than the
sides of the prothorax, the suture two-thirds ts long as the median line
of the latter, the punctures close-set, strocg and asperate, much larger
than those of the prothorax; abdomen at base as wide as the eljtra,
only very slightly narrowed thence to the apex of the fifth segment, the
punctures coarse and moderately sparse ; hind tarsi thicker toward
tip than in the preceding division, the tarsi shorter than the tibiae, very
slender, with the basal joint not quite as long as the next three com-
bined; mesosternal process very wide, the sides more converging than
iu the lustrica group, the apex arcuately narrowed. Length 5.0-7.5 mm, ;
width 1.6-2.3 mm. New York and Virginia to Iowa lata Grav.
Antennae longer aLd more slender, the outer joints much less transverse,
gradually thicker to the tip, the eleventh joint being wider than any
preceding 9
9 — Punctured part of the mesosternal process broad, truncate at tip and
extending fully to the ixpex of the process 10
Punctured part of the mtscsternal process finely acuminate at tip 11
10 — Form moderately stout, subparallel, blackish-piceous throughout
anteriorly, the antennae dull rufous at base; elytra dark rufous, broadly
blackish about the scutellum and at the sides, except, as usual, near the
humeri; abdomen black throughout, the legs dull rufous; head distinctly
less than half as wide as the prothorax, both finely, rather closely
punctate; antennae longer than the head atd prothorax together, rather
slender toward base, moderately thick distally, the eyes moderate;
prothorax two-thirds wider than long, moderately narrowed anteriorly,
the sides unusually arcuate and as strongly so as the base; elytra two-
thirds wider than long, finely, moderately densely and somewhat asper-
ately punctured, the suture scarcely two -thirds as long as the prothorax ;
abdomen formed as usual, the punctures normally sparse but not very
coarse, the impressions very minutely, sparsely punctate; sixth tergite
trapezoidal, the apex broadly sinuato-truncate; basal joint of the hind
tarsi as long as the last two combined, shorter than the succeeding
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 141
three; raesosteroal process moderate ia width in comparison with the
preceding spacies, the metasternum very broadly, feebly angular.
Length 4.8 mm.; width 1.3 mm. California (Lake Tahoe).
tahoeasis n. sp.
Form less stout, smaller in size, shining, black, the elytra bright rufous,
with the inflexed flmks black; legs pale, the antennae black, piceous at
base; head distinctly less thin half as wide as the prothorax, flaely,
spars-ly punctate; antennae much longer than the head and prothorax,
l.iss iocrassate than in tahoensis, the third joint much longer than the
second and relatively more elongate than in that species; prothorax
three- fifths wider than long, strongly narrowed toward apex with the
sides moderately arcuate, more strongly so towird bise, the angles
much more broadly rounded than in tahoensis, the base broadly arcuate;
punctures fine and rather sparse; elytra short, the sides evidently
shorter than those of the prothorax, the suture two-thir Js as long as
the median line, the punctures flaer and less asperate than in the pre-
ceding species, moderately close -set; abdomen nearly similar but rather
more coarsely and sparsely punctate, at base as wide as the elytra,
moderately narrowed thence to the tip; basal j^int of the hind tarsi
somewhat shorter than the last two combined; metisteruum nearly as in
tahoensis. L-jngth 3.7 mm.; width 1.2 mm. Kansas (Douglas Co.), —
F. H. Snow kansana n. sp.
11 — The punctured part abbreviated, not attaining the tip of the process
by the width of the coxal grooves approximately; metasternum broadly
angulate 12
The punctured part attaining the ap^x of the process or virtually so 13
12 — Body moderately s':out and convex, shining, black, the sixth abdominal
segment rufous towa'vl base; elytra brigat red, the base and sides black
except at the humeri; antennae dusky, the legs pale piceo-rufous; head
small, much less than half as wide as the prothorax, sparsely, feebly
punctate, the antennae rather stout distally, with the second joint
much shorter than the thirj, longer than the head and prothorax, the
latter scarcely two -thirds wider than long, the sides unusually conver-
gent anteriorly and rather feebly arcuate, the base only moderately
rounded, the angles very much rounded though not obliterated, the
punctures very fine and not dense; elytra shorter than the pro-
thorax, the punctures stronger and asperate, irregular, floe and very
dense along the basal concavity, elsewhere much less close -set and
rather coarse ; abdomen distinctly narrowed from the base, the punctures
coarse and moderately sparse, very conspicuous, the sixth tergite sinu-
ato-truncate at tip. Length 4.4 mm.; wiJti 1.2 mm. New York (near
the city) pleuralis n. sp.
Body moderately stout, less parallel, the prothorax much smaller, black,
the elytra bright rufous with the sides and basal margin black, the
sixth abdominal segment rufous, black toward tip; legs pale red-brown,
the antennae black, rufo-piceous at base; head larger, half as wide as
the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate, the antennae attaining the mid-
dle of the elytra, less incrassate distilly, the subapical joints only mod-
erately transverse, the second and third joints much elongated, the
former much the shorter; prothorax less narrowed from base to apex,
142 Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.
with the sides evenly and strongly arcuate throughout, three-flfths
wider than long, finely, somewhat closely punctured; elytra distinctly
wider than the prothorax, the sides equal in length to those of the
latter, the suture nearly three-fourths as long as the median line, the
punctures rather fine, sparse and uneven; abdomen nearly a 5 in pleuralis
but rather less coarsely and more sparsely punctured. Length 3.8 mm. ;
width 1.2 mm. Kansas (Douglas Co.),— F. H. Snow.ellipsicollis n. sp.
13 — Elytra pale flavo-testaceous, shaded with blacki?h-piceous at the sides
behind the humeri 14
Elytra pale and uniform in color throughout 15
14 — Form moderately stout, somewhat rounded at the eides when con-
tracted, shining, blackish-piceous, the abdomen blacker with the tip
rufesceut;-head small, not much more than two-fifths as wide as the
prothorax, sparsely, feebly punctate; antennae much longer than the
head and prothorax, gradually stout distally, the penultimate joints as
usual but little wider than long, the second joint much more elongate
than in pleuralis and almost as long as the third; prothorax shorter and
more transvers'j than in pleuralis and less narrowed anteriorly; elytra
shorter than the prothorax, the suture three-fourths as long as the
latter, the punctures rather fine but distinct, somewhat asperate and
evenly, moderately closely placed; abdomen strongly narrowed from
the base, coarsely, sparsely punctured as usual, the sixth tergite nar-
row, truncate; hind tarsi long, almost as long as the tibiae, the first
joint distinctly shorter than the next three together. Length 4.0 mm.;
width 1.18 mm. Massachusetts americana n. sp.
Form stouter, the size larger, shining, black, the elytra except on the
flanks and about the scutellum, the tip of the fifth and entire sixth
ventrals, bright rufous; antennae dusky, the basal parts and leg^ pale,
the femora somewhat dusky on the under surface; head not quite half
as wide as the prothorax, minutely, sparsely punctulate, the antennae
long, extending to the middle of the elytra, the subapical joints
slightly transverse, the third greatly elongated and very much longer
than the second ; prothorax strongly transverse, two-thirds wider than
long, distinctly narrowed toward tip, the sides broadly rounded, rather
more strongly toward base, the latter evenly but not strongly arcuate, the
punctures fine, rather sparse; elytra transverse, scarcely wider than the
prothorax, the outer side equal in length to the side of the? latter, the su-
ture two-thirds as long as the median line, the punctures fine, even, only
feebly asperate and well separated ; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra,
very sparsely and only moderately coarsely punctured, only slightly
narrowed thence to the tip of the fifth segment, the sixth broader than
in americana and wholly red; hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiae,
with the basal joint as long as the last two combined, shorter than the
succeeding three. Length 4.5 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Colorado (Buena
Vista),— H. F. Wickhani postpicta n. sp.
Form still stouter, shining, black, the elytra, except on the flanks and about
the scutellum, dark piceo-rufous, the sixth ventral not much paler,
piceous-black; antennae black, dark rufo-piceous toward base, the
legs paler, piceo-rufous; head much larger than in postpicta, fully half
as wide as the prothorax, the antennae distinctly longer than the head
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 143
and prothorax, moderately incrassate, the second and third joints
elongate as in the preceding; prothorax nearly .three -fourths wider
than longj rather more strongly narrowed anteriorly^ with the sides
less arcuate, the punctures fine but more distinct, moderately sparse;
elytra larger, more evidently wider than the prothorax, the sides obvi-
ously longer than those of the latter, the suture three-fourths as long
as the median line, the punctures less fiae, strongly asparate and close-
set throughout; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra, but little nar-
rowed thence to the tip. the punctures coarser than in postpicta and
equally sparse; hind tarsi similar. Length 4.4 mm.; width 1.45 mm.
Montana (Kalispell),— H. F. Wickham montanica n. sp.
15 — Form rather stout, parallel, piceous-black, the sides of the prothorax,
entire elytra, abdominal tip and legs rufous; antennae dusky, gradually
rufous toward base; head finely, sparsely, ttie pronotura minutely and
closely punctate, the former small, scarcely more than two-fifths as
wide as the latter, the eyes large as usual; antennae long, extending to
the middle of the elytra, gradually, strongly iucrassate to the tip, the
second joint more elongate than usual but still much shorter than the
third; prothorax unusually large, dilated and strongly rounded at the
sides, moderately narrowed at apex, the baseless arcuate than the sides,
the basal angles broadly rounded; disk three -fifths wider than long;
elytra not at all wider than the prothorax, and, at base, narrower,
distinctly shorter than the latter, the suture three-fifths as long,
the punctures fine, close- set and asperate; abdomen but little narrowed
behind, at base fully as wide as the elytra; punctures moderately coarse,
unusually close-set toward base but extremely sparse toward tip; me-
tasternal process less abbreviated than usual, triangular; hind tarsi
very slender, almost as long as the tibiae, the basal joint very long,
equal to the next three combined. Length 3.3-4.0 mm.; width 1,15-
1.3 mm. Canada (Grimsby) thoracica Cay.
Form much less stout, less parallel, polished, the head blackish-piceous, the
prothorax paler piceous, the elytra throughout pale flavo-testaceous,
the abdomen black, pale at tip; antennae fuscous, the basal parts and
legs pale; head nearly half as wide as the prothorax, somewhat longer
than wide, very finely, sparsely punctate, the antennae nearly as in
thoracica, extending rather beyond the middle of the elytra; prothorax
much smaller than in thoracica, strongly narrowed toward apex, rounded
laterally toward base, the latter evenly arcuate as usual, the angles sub-
obliterated; disk three-fifths wider than long, very finely, evenly but
not very closely punctate ; elytra much shorter than the prothorax, the
the sides more diverging from the base than in the preceding, strongly
closely and asperately punctate, the suture three-fifths as long as the
prothorax; abdomen distinctly narrowed from base to apex, coarsely,
sparsely punctured throughout, the punctures gradually smaller pos-
teriorly; metasternal process nearly as in thoracica but more obtuse at
apex ; hind tarsi shorter than the tibiae, the basal joint not quite as long
the next three combined. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.0mm. Rhode
Island (Boston Neck) collusor n. sp.
144 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
The species as above arranged are readily divisible into
three groups, one comprising the first six species of the table,
the second represented by lata and the European /wsa^^e* ,
which is closely related thereto but apparently wholly foreign
to America, and the third by the last nine species of the table,
which differ greatly from the others in the long antennae ,
gradually and evenly incrassate to the tip. The characters of
the genus as given in the table of genera are common to all,
however, and these groups could not be considered worthy of
subgeneric designation in any way. The second antennal
joint is always distinctly shorter than the third, generally very
» distinctly so but less conspicuously in some of the species of
the third group. The vestiture throughout the genus is short,
stiff, subdecumbent and fulvous in color, rather close and
conspicuous on the anterior parts but, though still stiffer and
longer, it is very sparse and less distinct on the abdomen.
The male pectination of the sixth tergite in the first division
of the table is more constant than in Maseochara, where
it is subject to considerable accidental variation, but, at the
same time, it is somewhat uncertain in Aleochara as well and
is only employed in the table in conjunction with other
peculiarities of structure.
The identification of lustrica Say, with, fiiscipes Fabr., is
another instance of carelessness in systematic work, tending
to render our lists of Coleoptera common to Europe and
America virtually useless. The European examples of lata
Grav., appear to have the elytra a trifle shorter than the
American as a rule, and, although in my opinion perfectly
conspecific, they may be the form inscribed in the lists as
Stapliylinus {Aleochara) hrachypterus Fourc; if not, I do
not know this species, described from France; it is not in the
European catalogue of Hey den, Eeitter and Weise. The
European crassicornis Lac, and lateralis Heer, resemble j9?eM-
ralis very much in outward form but do not in reality belong
to the same group, the form of the antennae showing that thej
are members of the lata and fuscipes division of the genus.
They are not specifically identical, if the specimens in mj
cabinet are correctly identified, one having the punctured
Casey — Observations on the StapJiylinidae. 145
part of the mesosternal process truncate at tip as in tahoensis^
the other having this finely acuminate at tip as in americana
and other allied species. Thoracica was originally described
as a Baryodma, only the fine tip of the central elevated part
of the mesosternal process being visible in the specimen de-
scribed and presenting the appearance of a low obtuse carina ;
there is no trace of real carina, however, and the species is a
true Aleochara.
Aidocharan. gen.
This genus appears to replace Aleochara in the fauna of the
Pacific coast, although represented at present by only a single
small species. The general habitus differs from that of Aleo-
chara in being more parallel, with much greater development
of the head and more quadrilateral prothorax. It differs
further from Aleochara in the fact that the second antennal
joint is much longer and not shorter than the third and the
last joint, instead of being pyriform, is here shorter and evenly
pointed from near the base, scarcely longer than wide in the
type species. The mesosternal process differs in being very
much narrower, obtusely pointed at tip and somewhat abbre-
Tiated, extending to about apical fifth of the coxae, the
metasternal process being correspondingly longer, triangular
and about as long as wide ; it meets the mesosternal process
at apex in much the same way as in Aleochara, and, similarly,
the mesosternum is without vestige of carina at any point.
The abdomen differs decidedly, being impressed only on the
first dorsal plate, the others being flat and evenly, more
closely and finely punctate throughout their extent. The type
may be defined as follows : —
Moderately stout and convex, slightly shining, the surface very rainuttly
reticulate in addition to the punctuation, black, the entire elytra and
abdominal tip rufous; legs pale, the entire antennae darker, piceo-tes-
taceous; head wider than long, fully three-fourths as wide as the pro-
thorax, finely, rather spareely punctate, the eyes moderately large;
antennae very short, stout and conapact, cylindrical beyond the middle,
with the penultimate joints rather more than twice as wide as Ions, not
as long as the, head and prothorax, the latter one-half wider than long,
only slightly narrower at apex than at base, the latter broadly and
146 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
strongly, the sides more feebly, arcuate; bisal angles very obtuse,
rounded but not wholly obliterated; punctures not so fine as usual in
Aleochara, moderately close-set, even, the disk feebly impressed trans-
versely near the base toward the middle; elytra short, less than twice
as wide as lonj^ but much shorter than the prothorax and equally wide,
the sides shorter than the sides of the prothorax, the suture two-thirds
as long as the median line; punctures moderately strong, somewhat
close-set and feebly asperate ; abdomen only slightly narrowed from the
base, where it is as wide as the elytra, to the apex; hind tarsi subequal
in length to the tibiae, the basal joint as long as the next two combined .
Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.87mm. California (San Francisco).
planiventris n. sp.
I found but a single specimen of tliis interesting species
somewhere in the vicinity of the city and appear to have made
no notes as to habits. The basal part of the second tergite
seems to bear traces of impression toward the axial line in
certain lights, but it does not resemble the usual abdominal
impressions.
Xenochara Key.
Although similar in many characters to Aleochara and having
much the same general habitus, the few species of this genus
may be known at once by the remarkable structure of the
mesosternum, which gradually becomes strongly elevated pos-
teriorly, the process of moderate width becoming compressed
toward tip ; the summit of the elevation is finely acute and
extends to the anterior margin of the mesosternum, forming
on the anterior and scarcely elevated parts, a fine carina sim-
ilar to that of Baryodma and allied genera. The summit of
the ridge slopes posteriorly toward apex, this sloping part
bearing coarse suberect setae. The metasternum is even less
developed between the coxae than in Aleochara, and, in the
European puherula, forms a transverse and feebly, evenly
arcuate line, which is just attained on the same level by the
mesosternal process, the latter being arcuato-truncate at
tip, with the lateral edges reflexed nearly as in Aleochara.
The head and antennae are nearly as in the third group of
Aleochara referred to above, but the abdomen, though simi-
larly impressed, differs very greatly in being finely, densely
and uniformly punctate throughout. The pubescence is sim-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 147
ilarly subdecumbent and fulvous but is denser than in AIco-
chara, and the body has somewhat the same stout compact
build, differing in many minor points, such as the relatively
less developed prothorax with better defined hind angles.
Our only species may be described as follows : —
Rather stout, convex, shining, piceo-castaneous in color, the abdomen
black, each elytron obliqiielj^ shaded with dark rufous on the disk from
the humeri toward the sutural apex; antennae blackish, gradually
paler toward base, tbe legs pale; head moderate, rather wider
than long, fully half as wide as the prothorax, finely, rather closely
punctulate; antennae longer than the head and prothorax, grad-
ually and moderately incrassate distally to the tip, the eleventh joint
elongate, subpyriform, the tenth about one-half wider than long, the
second and third eloosate and equal; prothorax nearly three-fourths
wider than long, the sides strongly, anteriorly converging and rather
feebly arcuate, the base broadly, circularly arcuate, the angles evident
though well rounded; punctures fine, even and dense throughout;
elytra at the sides as long as the sides of the prothorax, continuing the
curvature of the latter, but becoming paralled and arcuate posteriorly,
the suture three-fourths as long as the prothorax, the punctures fine,
asperate and very dense throughout; abdomen at base as wide as
the apex of the elytra, rather strongly, evenly narrowed thence to the
tip, l^ss finely and closely punctate than the elytra. Length 3.75 mm.;
width 1.22 mm. Texa-i (Galveston). [^= Baryodma bip., Csy.].
bipartita Csy.
This species was erroneously described as a Baryodma.
There are two other species of the genus known to me, one
inscribed in the European lists as Xenochara 'puherula Klug,
differing from hipartita in its narrower form, less converg-
ing sides of the prothorax, relatively less dense punctuation,
somewhat larger head and in the form of the metasternal
projection — very broadly rounded and subobsolete in puber-
ida and more abruptly and parabolically rounded at the middle
in biparlita, — and a species identified for me by Mr. Eeitter
as Baryodma milleri Kr. The latter of these species is larger
iYi'dii puherula , blacker in color and with a smaller head, the
oblique rufous band of each elytron, characterizing ^w6erw?a,
being obliterated toward the humeri, resulting in an angulate
rufous apical spot. The identification of the species may not
be correct, but the specimen before me was collected in the
Caucasus.
148 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Oreochara u. geu.
The obviously conical fourth papal joint isolates this genus
and constitutes a very remarkable exception, not only in the
present group but in the subfamily itself, where the constancy
of this joint in general form is a notable peculiarity. The
body is broad and heavy, nearly as in some of the stouter
forms of Aleochara^ such as fuscipes, but is more finely and
closely sculptured, especially on the abdomen, and the pro-
thorax is shorter and transversely subquadrilateral. Other
structural features separating it from any form of Aleochara
are the deeply and subequally impressed first three tergites and
the narrowly separated middle coxae, with the process of the
mesosternum not quite attaining their apices and having the
smooth coxal grooves, so well developed in that genus, nar-
rower and deeper and meeting at the tip behind the finely
acuminate and finely punctate median part, which does not
quite attain the truncate apex of the process. The level of
the process at apex is considerably below the angulate meta-
sternal process, the latter being overlapped slightly. The
single known species may be described as follows : —
Stout, parallel, moderately convex, shining, finely, closely fulvo-pubescent,
the vestiture decumbent, piceous-black, the elytra and legs throughout
rather pale rufo-te.-tactous, the antennae dusky rufous; head rather
large, nearly three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, wider than long, but
little narrowed behind the eyes which are ralher convex and at some-
what more than their own length from the base, the punctures fine atd
moderately close -set; antennae stout, not quite as long as the head and
prothorax, gradually thickened from the fourth to sixth iointe and thence
parallel to the apex, the subapical joints not quite twice as wide t'.s long;
prothorax two- thirds wider than long, truncate at apex, broadly arcuate
at base, the sides very moderately converging from base to apex and
broadly, evenly arcuate; basal and apical angles obtuse but only slightly
rounded, the punctures fine, rather close-set and even throughout;
elytra rather more than two-thirds w;der than long, broadly, arcuately
impressed at base, the sides much longer than the sides of the pro-
thorax, the suture shorter than the median line, together broadly sinuato-
truncate at tip, the punctures fine but strong, very close-set; abdo-
men about as wide as the elytra, parallel, finely, rather closely punctate,
gradually less closely toward tip, the lateral border strong; legs finely
pubescent. Length 6.0 mm. ; width 1.65 mm. Wyoming (Laramie), —
H. F. V^ickham laramiensisn. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 14^
The male sexual characters are probably feeble and of the
usual form in Baryodma and allies. The sixth ventral in the
type of laramiensis is broadly sinuato-truncate at tip. The
scutellum does not extend behind the depressed base of the
elytra and is densely and asperately punctate. The basal
margin of the pronotum is finely reflexed, the surface adjoin-
ing feebly and finely impressed, then rising and convex to
the general level, the portion near the base almost impunctate
except toward the middle. The punctures of the head and
pronotum are simple and impressed, but there are, besides
the pubiferous punctures, numerous very minute punctules
scattered over the interspaces ; the punctures of the abdom-
inal impressions are noticeably larger than the others but not
notably coarse.
Calocliara n. gen.
In this genus and the preceding we observe a transition
in some respects from those having a perfectly simple and un-
modified mesosternal surface to the allies of Baryodma with
carinnte mesosternum, for here we have a fine short carina in
about anterior half only, as in some of the species of the next
genus. In other features, however, the genus Calochara is
an isolated type. As in Aidochara, the head is unusually
developed. The sculpture of the anterior parts, particularly
of the elytra, is rather conspicuously coarse and sparce, con-
trasting with the fine close sculpture of all the other genera
of Aleocharae, excepting Eucharina. The feature which
however decides its isolation among the genera with strongly
inflexed hypomera, besides the form of the the third palpal
joint as stated in the table, is the form of the mesosternal
process, which is here finely acuminate at tip, contrasting
with the truncate apex in all other genera of the first group
of the subtribe. This very acute form of apex is common
among the genera having feebly inflexed hypomera, but among
those of the first series this is the only instance known to me,
for while in the genus immediately following, the mesosternal
process sometimes becomes very narrow, it is invariably
150 Trans. Acad, Sci. of St. Louis.
truncate or sinuate at tip. The type may be recognized by
the following characters: —
^orm moderately stout, elongate, parallel, polished, black in color, the
antennae paler toward base, the abdomen not paler at tipj the entire
elytra and legs bright rufo-testaceous; head wider than long, fully
four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, distinctly and rather sparsely
punctate, the eyes well developed; antennae as long as the head and
prothorax, gradually and rather strongly incras^ate to the tip, the
eleventh joint elongate, pointed and triangular, the tenth fully oue-hilf
wider than loug, the second slightly shorter than the third; prothorax
two-thirds wider than long, the sides parallel, becoming arcuate and
converging anteriorly and posteriorly, the apex but little narrower than
the base, which is broadly and strongly arcuate, the basal angles very
obtuse but kss rounded than in Aleochara, the punctures fine but
strong, annular, not very close-set but evenly distributed, the two an-
terior discal punctures distinct; elytra one-half wider ihan long, slightly
longer and wider than the prothorax, the suture f^omewhat siiorter than
the median line of the latter, the punctures rather coarse, even, rounded,
scarcely asperate and separated by more than their own diameters;
abdomen f-ubparallel, scarcely at all narrowed from base to apex, rather
finely, very sparsely punctate througliout, the depressions of the basal
segments with still smaller, sinit)le and sparse punctures; basal joint
of the hind tarsi as long as the next two combined. Ls^ngth 4.4 mm.;
width 1.05 mm. California (LakeCo.), — Charles Fuchs.
rnbripeunis n. sp.
The pubescence is rather long and fulvous but sparse, and,
unlike that of the preceding genera, is erect and bristling on
the head and pronotum but more decumbent on the elytra ;
it is very sparse and inconspicuous on the abdomen, though
the usual apical porrect fringe of each segment is well devel-
oped. I have seen only one specimen which is of unde-
termined sex.
Baryodma Thoms.
There is considerable latitude of variation among the con-
ponents of this large and universally distributed genus, par-
ticularly in the extent of the mesosternal carina, sculpture,
especially of the pronotum, and relative length of the tarsi
and tarsal joints. It would appear at first sight as though
such divergencies as observable in the pronotal sculpture of
imhricata^ sculptiventris and many others, where the punc-
tures are fine, close-set and even throughout and of bimaculaiaf
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 151
ver7ia and others, where there is a broad convex impunctate
median line defined by shallow and confusedly punctate
impressions, should indicate some differences of generic
weight, or that such an extreme abbreviation of the meso-
sternal carina as that of castaiieipennis, or widely separated
middle coxae as in imbricaia, or very narrowly separated
coxae as in defecta, might betoken other differences of at least
subseneric value, but such does not seem to be the case and
1 can find no rational means of dividing the genus, even
subgenerically. The most conspicuous character in a taxo-
nomic arrangement of the species is the sculpture of the
pronotum, but such forms as the European laevigata Gyll., if
my representative is correctly identified, are intermediate in
this respect between those species with even punctuation and
those having two impressed punctured series, the case being
somewhat similar to that of S'phenophorus, of the Ehyncho-
phora. The generic characters of Baryodma have been
sufficiently stated in the table and need not be further con-
sidered at present. The twenty-six species before me may be
separated as follows : —
Punctures of the pronotum evenly distributed throughout the disk, gener-
ally fine 2
Punctures of the pronotum more sparsely and unevenly distributed toward
the sides and aggregated into two shallow longitudinal impressions at
the middle, particularly evident toward base, the space between the
series always devoid of punctures 13
2 — Mesosternal carina very much abbreviated, not extending posteriorly
as far as the middle of the axial length of the mesosternum and scarcely
more than reaching the anterior line of the middle acetabula; mesoster-
nal process very narrow toward tip <- • • • 3
Mesosternal carina abbreviated but only slightly so, the process always
narrow toward tip ^
Mesosternal carina entire and attaining the tip of the process, the latter very
variable in width but always at least somewhat wider than in the pre-
ceding groups 10
3 — Head and prothorax small, the latter narrower iban the basal part of
the elytra. Body moderately stout and convex, shining, black, the
elytra and legs very c!ark castaneous in color; antennae blackish,
gradually slightly paler toward base: head small, three-fifLhs as wide
as the prothorax, somewhat wider than long, minutely, sparsely punc-
tate, the eyes moderately large, slightly prominent; antenna;^ distinctly
longer than the head and prothorax, gradually and mcderstt-ly incras-
152 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
sate to the tip, the tenth joint about one-half wider than long, the second
and third elongate, the former slightly the shorter; prothorax small,
nearly two-thirds wider than long, only moderately narrowed from base
to apex, rather stronj^ly, evenly rounded at the sides, the base broadly
arcuate, the punctures fine and iccon&picuous, not very close ; elytra
large, scarcely one -half wider than long, distinctly wider and longer
than the prothorax, the suture about equal in length to the latter, the
punctures fine, close-set and asperulate ; vestiture of the anterior parts
rather sparse, flue, fuh^ous and subdecurabent; abdomen at base not
quite as wide as the prothorax, only feebly narrowed thence to tip,
rather finely, sparsely punctured, the puncfures becoming very fine and
sparse apically, the basal impressions with extremely minute, sparse
and nude punctules; basal joint of the hind tarsi scarcely as long as
the next two combiufd. Length 3.5-3.8 mm ; width 1.0-1.1 mm.
British Columbia (Glenora) to Middle California (Lake Co.). {^=Aleo-
chara cast. Esch, ] castaneipennis Esch.
Head and prothorax relatively larger, the latter as wide as the ba«e of the
elytra. Body evidently stouter, similar in coloration and vestiture, ex-
cept that the elytra are only just visibly paler and piceous; head wider
than long, sparsely punctulate, three- fifths as wide as the prothorax ;
antennae attaining the middle of the elytra, the tenth joint scarcely a
third wider tban long; prothorax proportioned nearly as in the preced-
ing, but rather more narrowed from base to apex, the sides slightly less
arcuate, the punctuation fine and not dense; elytra still larger, much
longer, and, near the middle, distinctly wider than the prothorax, the
suture fully as lorg as the latter, the punctures rather fine but more
distinct, close-set and asperate; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra,
somewhat distinctly narrowed thence to the tip; sparsely punctured
and polished nearly as in castaneipennis ; basal joint of the hind tarsi as
long as the next two combined. Length 3.4 mm. ; width 1.2 mm. Cali-
fornia (Pomona),— H. C. Fall robnstnla n. sp.
4 — Abdomen rather finely punctate and polished, the punctures notably
sparse. Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountains 5
Abdominal punctures much more close-set but not dense. Atlantic
regions 9
5 — Mesosternal carina much abbreviated, not attainiog the tip of the process
by more than twice the width of the process at the posterior end of the
carina. Body moderately stout, polished, piceous, the abdomen black-
ish, the elytra and legs pale rufous, the antennae fuscous, pale toward
base; vestiture rather sparse and inconspicuous; head small, as long as
wide, one-half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes well developed
but at an unusual distance from the base; antennae as long as
the head and prothorax, gradually, rather strongly incrassate
to tip, the tenth joint scarcely twice as wide as long, the second
and third elongate and subequal; prothorax of the usual transverse
form and fine, rather sparse punctuation, but unusually narrowed from
base to apex, the sides and base rounded; before the middle of the base
ths^re are two feeble approximate impressions, homologous with the
discal lines of bimaculata and allies; elytra scarcely one-half wider than
long, subequal in length and width to the prothorax, the suture four-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 15 S
fifths as long as the latter, the puBctures asperate and moderately strong
bat not very close-set; abdomea at base scarcely as wide as the elytra,
only moderately narrowed theuce to the tip; basal joint of the bind
tarsi rather longer than the next two combined, joints iwo to four equal,
the tarsus distinctly shorter than the tibia. Length 3.5 mm.; width
0.95 mm. British Columbia (Glenora), — H. F. Wickham.
gleuorana n. sp.
Mesosternal carina less abbreviated, not attaining the tip of the procebs by
about the apical width of the latter, and sometimes much less 6
6 — Elytra evidently much longer than the prothorax 7
Elytra about equal in length to the prothorax or at least not conspicuously
longer, the form more elongate, parallel and linear 8
7 — Head small, half as wide as the prothorax, the sides of the latter strongly
converging and evenly, moderately areuate from base to apex; anten-
nae longer and less incrassate, longer than the head and prothorax, the
tenth joint less than one-half wider than long, the second and third
elongate and subequal. Body only moderately stout, more parallel than
in rotundicollis, polished, black, the elytra dark plceo-rufous, the legs
dark piceous, the antennae blackish, not distinctly paler at base; head
and prothorax fiaely, sparsely punctulate, the latter less transverse
than usual, scarcely one-half wider than long, the pubescence very flue,
sparse and inconspicuous; elytra parallel, scarcely wider but evidently
longer than the prothorax, the suture about as long as the latter, the
punctures fine, unusually feeble and widely separated, not at all dense;
abdomen at base nearly as wide as the elytra, moderately narrowed
thence to the apex, very finely and sparsely punctate, polished; hind
tarsi almost as long as the tibiae, the basal joiut as long as the next two
combined. Length 3.2-3.8 mm.; width 0.82-1.0 mm. California (San
Francisco to Humboldt Co.) nridnla n. sp.
Head larger, three-fiftha as wide as the prothorax, the sides of the latter
very feebly converging from base to apex and more rounded; antennae
shorter, more compact and incrassate, as long as the head and protho-
rax, the tenth joint nearly twice as wide as long, the second and third
elongate, the former slightly the shorter. Body slightly stouter, less
parallel, shining, piceous, the abdomen black, the elytra piceo-rufous;
antennae black, piceous at base, the legs paler, piceous; head and pro-
notura minutely, sparsely, the latter less sparsely, punctate, the eyes
rather distant from the base ; prothorax small, one-half wider than long
strongly rounded at base, the disk with two feeble approximate longi-
tudinal impressions toward base; elytra large, much wider as well as
longer than the prothorax, the suture slightly longer than the median
line of the latter, the punctures fine, asperulate and close-set, much less
separated than in the preceding species; abdomen at base distinctly
narrower than the elytra, moderately tapering, very finely, sparsely
punctured; hind tarsi somewhat shorter than in uvidula. Length 3.4
mm.; width 1.0 mm. Queen Charlotte Island rotandicollig n. sp.
Head rather more than half as wide as the prothorax, the latter transversely
elliptical, with the sides only just visibly converging from base to
apex and strongly, evenly arcuate; antennae very well developed, grad-
ually and strongly incrassate to the tip, the tenth joint less than twice as
154 Trans. Acad. Sci. of ISt. Louis.
wide as long, the eleventh conoidal, ogivally pointed, longer than the
two preceding together, the second and third moderately elongate and
sabequal. Body moderately stout, subparallel, pale brownish-testaceous
in color, the elytra still brighter and rather more rufous, the abdomen
piceous; prothorax rather small, slightly narrower than the elytra,
fully one -half wider than long, flaely, evenly and somewhat sparsely
punctured, the pubescence rather long, sparse but distinct; elytra at
the sides much longer than the sides of the prothorax, the suture
scarcely shorter than the median line, the punctures fine, subasperate
and only moderately dense, the pubescence distinct; abdomen nearly
as wide as the elytra, narrowing slightly behind the middle, the punc-
tures fine, moderately close-sst basally but becoming gradually very
sparse on the last four segments, the punctures of the impressions
slightly larger and rather less sparse than the others, and, as
usual, bearing only infinitesimal hairs; basal joint of the hind tarsi as
long as the next two combined. Length 2.9 mm. ; width 0.85 mm. New
Mexico (Santa F^ Canon), — F. H. Snow acomana n. sp.
8 — Larger and more convex, shining, black, the elytra and legs rather
pale rufous, the antennae piceo-rufous, pale toward base; vestiture
sparse and rather inconspicuous, fulvous as usual; head well developed,
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, and, liJie the latter, finely and
sparsely punctulate; antennae scarcely as long as the head and pro-
thorax, gradually, strongly incrassate to the tip, compact, the tenth
joint three -fifths wider than long, the second and third elongate, the
former but slightly the shorter, prothorax large, less transverse, two-
fif ths wider than long, moderately narrowed from base to apex with the
sides strongly arcuate, the base arcuate as usual, the angles very
obtuse but evident; elytra only two-fifths wider than long, the sides as
long as those of the prothorax, the suture three -fourths as long as the
median line, the punctures fine, feebly asperate and well separated;
abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides,
not at all narrowed posteriorly from the base, finely, very sparsely
punctate; hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibiae, the basal joint
not quite as long as the next two combined. Length 3,8-4.4: mm.;
width 0.9-0.98 mm. British Columbia (Kamloops and Glenora),—
H. F. Wickham maunerheiiui n. sp.
Smaller, more depressed, polished, black, the elytra scarcely visibly paler,
piceous, the legs paler, rufous; antennae deep black, not at all paler at
base; pubescence fine, decumbent, sparse and inconspicuous; punc-
tures anteriorly fine and notably sparse, of the elytra but little larger,
asperulale and well separated, of the abdomen fine and very sparse, bat
larger, rounded and moderately sparse in the basal depressions; head
moderate, scarcely more than half as wide as the prothorax; antennae
less developed than in mannerheimi, less incrassate, not quite as long
as the head and prothorax, the tenth joint scarcely more than a third
wider than long, the second much shorter than the third; prothorax
short and strongly transverse, two-thirds wider than long, moderately
narrowed anteriorly and rather strongly rounded at the sides, the base
circularly arcuate; elytra strongly transverse, very slightly wider and
somewhat longer than the prothorax, the suture just visibly shorter
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 155
than the median line; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, the
sides parallel and straight, feebly converging through the last two or
three segments; hind tarsi very slender as usual, as long as the tibiae,
which are shorter than usual, the basal joint as long as the next two
combined. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.87 mm. Queen Charlotte Island
(Massett),— J. H. Keen iusnlana n. sp.
9 — Slender, convex, subparallel, shining, piceous -brown in color through-
out, the abdomen rather blackish and the elytra somewhat paler than
the anterior parts; legs pale, the antennae dark red-brown, paler
toward base; pubescence fine, decumbent, short, rather dense on the
elytra but not conspicuous; head and prothorax minutely punctulate,
the former sparsely, the latter closely but insconspicuously; head but
little more than half as wide as the prothorax, the antennae moderate,
somewhat strongly incrassate, the second and third joints only mod-
erately elongate and equal, the eighth almost twice as wide as long;
prothorax one-half wider than long, rather strongly narrowed from
from base to apex, the sides rounded toward base, the latter arcuate,
the disk even; elytra transverse and somewhat wider and shorter than
the prothorax, the suture three- fourths as long as the latter, the punc-
tures fine, strongly asperate and dense; abdomen at base nearly as
wide as the elytra, but little narrowed thence to the apex, finely, closely
punctulate, sparsely at the tips of the segments, nearly throughout the
fifth and sixth; mesosternal process very slender toward tip, the carina
not attaining its apex by nearly twice its width at the carinal tip; meta-
sternal process angulate as usual, about one -third as long as the trans-
verse distance between the ends of the acetabula; hind tarsi with the
basal joint somewhat longer than the next two combined. Length
3.4-4.0 mm.; width 0.77-1.15 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.),— H. H.
Smith defecta n. sp.
10 — Abdominal sculpture simply punctate, the interspaces polished ; elytra
uniform in coloration 11
Abdominal sculpture imbricate, each elytron with an apical pale spot 12
11 — Abdominal impressions moderate as in the preceding species, and
scarcely more conspicuously punctured than the remainder of the
surface. Body slender, black, shining, the elytra and fine apical
margins of the ventrals dull rufous or piceo-rufous; legs paler, testa-
ceous, the antennae dusky, pale toward base; punctures of the head
and pronotum fine, sparse and inconspicuous, of the elytra less fine,
rather strongly asperate and close- set, of the abdomen fine but strong,
close-set except at the apical margins of the segments and nearly
throughout the fifth and sixth, where they become sparse; vestiture
fulvous, decumbent, moderately distinct; head small, not quite half as
wide as the prothorax, the antennae about as lopg as the head and pro-
thorax, somewhat strongly incrassate to the tenth joint which is three-
fifths wider than long, the eleventh scarcely as wide as the tenth, ob-
tusely ogival in form and longer than the two preceding combined, the
second and third elongate and equal ; prothorax well developed, scarcely
one-half wider than long, strongly narrowed from base to apex, the
sides moderately arcuate, the base rounded; elytra not at all wider than
the prothorax aad about of equal length, the suture very slightly shorter ;
156 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
abdomen elongate, parallel, nearly a3 wide as the elytra; mesosternal
process only moderate in width, the carina stronger than in the pro-
ceeding groups and similar to the following, the matasteraal process
Tery short, broadly parabolic; hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiae,
the basal joint as long as the next two combined. Length 3. 2-4. 5 mm. ;
width 0.7-0.9 mm. British Columbia (Kamloops and Glenora), — H. F.
Wickham affluens n. sp.
Abdominal impressions unusually large, deep and extreraaly coarsely, sub-
conflieutly punctate, the remaining part finely, closely punctate but
polished. Body stouter, linear, parallel, black, the elytra scarcely
visibly paler, piceous, the legs blackish-piceous, the antennae black,
but little paer at base; vestiture flna, short, decumbent, close but not
very conspicuous; punctures of the head and pronotum very fiae, ex-
tremely close-set oa the latter, less so on the former, fine, asperate and
very dense on the elytra; head half as wide as the prothorax; antennae
somewhat longer than the head and prothorax, rather stout, gradually
incrassate to the tip, the second joint shorter than the third; prothorax
transversely suboval, not much narrowed from base to apex and strongly
rounded at the sides; elytra transverse, slightly shorter and evidently
wider than the prothorax, the suture fully two-thirds as lojg, the apical
margin finely rufescent; mesosternal process moderately wide but not
extending to the posterior limits of the coxae, the metasternal process
longer than usual, narrowly rounded under the tip of the mesosternal
process, with its margins thickened and much elevated; hind tarsi
much shorter than the tibiae, which are unusually finely and closely
pubescent, th3 basal joint long, distinctly longer than the next two
combined. Length 3.7-4.4: mm; width 0.85-1.05 mm. New York
(Ithaca and Catskill Mts.) to North Carolina (Asheville).
scnlptireutris Csy.
12 — Moderately stout, sublinear, polished, convex, diep black, the elytra
not distinctly paler, each with a small rufous spot at apex near the
suture; legs blackish-piceous, the antennae black, soaaewhat piceous at
base; vestiture moderately distinct, rather sparse, decumbent; punctures
of the head very fine and remote, of the pronotum nearly as fine and
notably sparse, of the elytra fine but rather strongly asperate and close-
set, of the abdomen fine and somewhat close -set throughout, the punc-
tures evenly in quincunx order and joined anteriorly and posteriorly by
fine lines, forming a regular imbricate sculpture; head fully as long as
wide, not quite half as wide as the prothorax, the antennae unusually
slender, attaining the middle of the elytra, the tenth joint only very
slightly wider than long, the eleventh longer than the two preceding
combined, the second much elongated and — very exceptionally in the
genus — slightly longer than the third; prothorax transversely suboval,
strongly narrowed from base to ap3x, th^ sides only moderately arcuate,
the bise broadly rounded; elytra slightly longer than the prothorax
and about equally wide, the suture equal thereto iu length; abdomen
long, parallel, not quite as wide as the elytra, the impressions normal;
mesosternal process unusually wide, normal in length, the metasternal
process broad and very obtuse; hind tarsi short, v«ry much shorter
than the tibiae, which are more slender and more coarsely and sparsely
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 157
setulose than in sculptiventris, the basal joint unusually short, shorter
than the fifth and shorter than ihe next two combined. Length 3.3-4.2
mm.; width 0.73-1.0 mm. California (San Francisco, Humboldt Co.,
and Lalve Tahoe), Nevada. (Reno) and Montana (Kalispeli).
imbricata n, sp.
Moderately stout, shining, nearly similar in general form, coloration and
sculpture to the preceding, the head larger, rather more than half a3
wide as the prothorax, the antennae somewhat less elongate though
evidently longer than the head and prothorax, the tenth joint more
evidently wider than long, the eleventh much longer than the two pre-
ceding combined, the second and third subequal; prothorax less trans-
verse, about two-fifths wider than long, the sides less converging from
base to apex and more rounded; elytra about equal in length and width
to the prothorax, the suture four-fifths as long as the latter, the pale
spots somewhat larger and more anteriorly angulate; abdomen nearly
similar throughout; mesosternal process nearly similar but arcuately
narrowing toward apex through a greater distance from the tip, the
metasternal process equally broad and obtuse; hind tarsi relatively
longer, the tibiae shorter, the basal joint relatively much abbreviated,
scarcely more than two-thirds as long as the fifth and one-half longer
than the second. Length 3.0 ram. ; width 0.85 mm. New Jersey.
idonea n. sp.
More slender, linear, the body and antennae black, the latter piceous
toward base; legs blackish, paler distally, the elytra black, without dis-
tinct maculation but becoming broadly and suffusedly piceo-testaceous
toward the inner apical angles; sculpture and vestiture throughout
nearly as in the two preceding species; head about half as vfide as the
prothorax; antennae long, feebly incrassate, nearly as in imbricata but
with the tenth joint more distinctly wider than long and the second and
third equal; prothorax nearly as in iinbricata; elytra transverse, much
shorter than in imbricata, shorter than the prothorax but fully as wide,
the suture scarcely four-fifths as long; abdomen nearly similar; meso-
sternal process nearly similar but with the carina less acute and the tip
not concealing the apex of the metasternal process, which is evidently
more narrowly parabolic In form ; hind tarsi not so markedly shorter
than the tibiae as in imbricata and more elongate, the tibiae relatively
shorter, the very short basal joint nearly as in idonea, the first three
almost uniformly decreasing in length. Length 3.5 mm.; width 0.77
mm. California (Colorado Desert at Salton),— H. F. Wickham.
salicola n. sp.
13 — Mesosternal process wide as usual !♦
Mesosternal process very narrow; species small in size; punctures of the
abdominal impressions much finer 21
14 — Sides of the prothorax strongly converging from base to apex and only
moderately arcuate 15
Sides of the prothorax feebly converging and strongly arcuate; antennae
rather strongly incrassate, with the tenth joint about twice as wide as
long, the second and third moderately elongate and subequal; basal
joint of the hind tarsi about as long as the next two combined 20
158 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
15 — Elytra closely punctured; punctures toward the sides of the prouotum
closer and more distinct 16
Elytra sparsely and less strongly punctate, the pronotura finely, very
sparsely and sometimes barely perceptibly punctate 19
16 — Abdomen extremely densely punctured and opaque. Body small in size,
Blender, black, the elytra plceous-black, rufescent along the apical
margin, more broadly toward the sulure; legs dark rufo-piceous, the
antennae black, picescent toward base; head relatively well developed,
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax; antennae rather strongly incras-
sate distally, as long as the head and prothorax, the second and third
joints elongate, equal, the tenth fully twice as wide as long, the eleventh
large, obtusely conoidal, distinctly longer than the two preceding
combined; prothorax one-half wider than long, not wider than the
base of the elytra, the punctures toward the sides unusually sparse and
feeble in the present group; elytra transverse, somewhat wider loan
the prothorax, the sides slightly longer than the sides of the latter, the
suture three-fourths as long as the median line, the punctures s,mall,
asperate and close-set but much less dense than those of the abdomen,
the latter at base not quite as wide as the elytra; mesosternal process
squarely truncate at tip, the latter only tangentially attaining the broadly,
evenly parabolic metasternal process and with the angles right and only
very narrowly rounded; hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibiae,
the basal joint equal in length to the next two combined. Length 3.3
mm.; width 0.73 mm. New Mexico (Las Vegas), Arizona and Cali-
fornia (Humboldt Co.) densiventris u. sp.
Abdomen very closely and strongly punctured, the punctures similar to those
of the preceding species but narrowly separated, the interspaces pol-
ished 1 ^
17 — Antennae unusually short, rather strongly incrassate distally, extend-
ing scarcely beyond the middle of the prothorax, the second and the
third joints short, stout and equal, each much less than twice as long as
wide in the female but longer in the male, feebly obconical, the fourth
distinctly transverse, the tenth about twice as wide as long, the eleventh
still broader, very obtusely conoidal, longer than the two preceding
combined. Body small, rather stout, polished, piceous-black, the elytra
rufo-piceous with the region toward the suture nubiiously more flavate,
except near the base, the abdomen deep black; head rather more than
half as wide as the prothorax, the latter larger than in the preceding,
less than one- half wider than long, the punctures laterally moderately
distinct, the usual large discal puncture at each side con.«picuou9 ;
elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, the sides somewhat longer
than the sides of the latter, the suture two-thirds as long as the median
line; abdomen subequal in width to the elytra, parallel; basal joint of
the hind tarsi rather short, three-fourths as long as the fifth and much
shorter than the next two combined. Length 3.2 mm. ; width 0.86 mm.
California (Monterey Co.) obsolescens n. sp.
Antennae having the second and third joints much more elongate, the former
somewhat the shorter of the two 18
j8 Basal joint of the hind tarsi unusually short, three-fourths as long as
the last, the first three joints decreasing uniformly in length. Body
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 159
rather small, only moderately stout, polished, black, the elytra blackish-
piceous, not distinctly nubllate with paler at any part, the legs pale
piceo-rufous, the antennae black, piceous toward base; head three-
fifths as wide as the prothorax, the antennae short, rapidly and
strongly Incrassate distally, scarcely one-half longer than the
prothorax, the tenth joint fully twice as wide as long; prothorax
about one-half wider than long, the punctures toward the sides
somewhat feebly impressed and inconspicuous, the two large sublateral
punctures before the middle distinct; elytra slightly wider than the
prothorax, the sides evidently longer than the sides of the latter, the
suture nearly three-fourths as long as the median line ; abdomen sub-
equal in width to the elytra, parallel; metasternal process unusually
narrowly rounded. Length 3.0-3.9 mm.; width 0.72-0.95 mm. New
Mexico (Las Vegas) recta n. sp.
Basal joint of the hind tarsi fully as long as the next two combined; meta-
sternal process much more broadly rounded. Body stout, parallel,
polished, black, the elytra scarcely at all paler, each with a large, clearly
defined and anteriorly rounded spot at apex and near the suture of flavo-
testaceoui; legs piceo-rufous, the antennae black, but little paler at
base; head rather small, not quite half as wide as the prothorax,
sparsely but somewhat strongly punctured, the antennae longer and le»s
incrassate than usual, almost as long as the head and prothorax, the
tenth joint evidently less than twice as wide as long; prothorax well
developed, three -fifths wider than long, distinctly, rather closely but
somewhat unevenly punctured toward the sides, the sublateral punc-
ture rather before the middle as usual; elytra at the sides about as long
as the sides of the prothorax, the suture two- thirds as long as the
median line; abdomen as wide as the elytra, closely and strongly punc-
tured throughout, gradually more coarsely in the impressions of the
the basal tergites. Length 3. 8-6. 4mm,; width 1.05-1.68 mm. Entire
northern parts of the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, de-
scending on the Pacific coast as far as Monterey, and, along the high-
lands of the Rocky Mountains to Guanajuato, Mexico. bimacalata Grav.
19 — Form moderately stout, parallel, highly polished, deep black, the
elytra scarcely at all paler but each with a large rounded fiavate spot
near the suture, beginning slightly before the middle and expanding to
the apical margin, along which it extends narrowly to the outer mar-
gin; legs and basal parts of the antennae piceo-rufous, the remainder
of the latter blackish; head fully half as wide as the prothorax, having
a few fine and remotely scattered punctures; antennae one -half
longer than the head, moderately incrassate, the third and fourth
joints elongate and subequal, the tenth rather less than twice as wide
as long; prothorax large, one-half wider than long, the strongly
converging sides feebly and evenly arcuate, the base strongly rounded
throughout; elytra at the sides as long as the sides of the prothorax,
the suture two-thirds as long as the median line, the punctures fine,
evenly and sparsely distributed, feebly asperulate; abdomen as wide as
the elytra, parallel, finely, rather sparsely punctulate, the subbasal im-
pressions coarsely but not densely so; mesosternal process unusually
wide; basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next two combined.
160 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Length 3.1-4.6 mm.; width 0.85-1.22 mm. Texas (Galveston, Waco,
Austin and Brownsville) and Mexico (Guanajuato). ..nitidicollis n. sp.
Var. A — Abdominal and elytral sculpture rather stronger and less
sparse, the elytral spots much reduced and forming a fine apical
margin, somewhat broadened toward the suture. Texas (Austin)
and California (Yuma).
Form slender, the size minute, polished, piceous in color, the abdomen
blackish, each elytron with a relatively still larger subsutural flavous
spot; legs pale flavo -testaceous, the antennae blackish, piceo-
rufous toward base; head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax; an-
tennae as long as the head and prothorax, rather strongly incrassate
distally, the tenth joint fully twice as wide as long, the second and
third joints moderately elongate, the former distinctly the longer; pro-
thorax in form and sculpture nearly as in nitidicollis; elytra at the sides
slightly longer than the sides of the prothorax, the suture four-fifths
as long as the median line, the punctures fiae and extremely sparse;
abdomen as wide as the elytra, parallel, the punctures very sparse;
basal joint of the hind tarsi much shorter than in the preceding species,
distinctly shorter than the next two together. Length 2.25 mm. ;
width 0.65 mm. Texas (Brownsville), — H. F. Wickham-.nanellan. sp.
20 — Elytra unusually short, the sides not as long as those of the protho-
rax. Body only moderately stout, parallel, shining, black, the elytra
pale piceo-rufous, becoming nubilously more flavate toward the suture
• and apex of each ; legs pale red-brown, the antennae black, only feebly
picescent at base; head relatively well developed, three-fifths as wide
as the prothorax, the antennae not as long as the head and prothorax,
with the last joint thickest, pyriform and as long as the two preceding
combined; prothorax small, transverse, the apex only slightly nar-
rower than the base, the sides strongly arcuate, the punctures laterally
very distinct and somewhat close-set; elytra finely, closely and asper-
ately punctate as usual, the suture two-thirds as long as the median
line of the prothorax; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, strongly,
rugosely and closely punctured as usual in this group of the genus.
Length 3.8 mm. ; width 0.93 mm. California (Newhall) ..innocua n. sp.
Elytra normally long, the sides as long as those of the prothorax; form
stouter, the abdomen but little narrower than the elytra and parallel
as usual. Body polished, black, the elytra piceous-black, each with a
very large subflavous pale spot iu the position of that of himaculata but
less distinctly defined; legs rufo-piceous, the antennae black through-
out; head distinctly more than half as wide as the prothorax, the
antennae much shorter than the two together, strongly incrassate, the
eleventh joint longer than the two preceding combined; prothorax
larger and less transverse, about one-half wider than long, the sides
subparallel and strongly arcuate, the punctures toward the sides much
finer, somewhat sparser and notably less conspicuous than in innocua;
elytra well developed, finely, densely and asperately punctate, the
suture two-thirds to nearly three- fourths as long as the prothorax;
abdomen with sculpture similar to bimaculata, but rather finer and
noticeably less dense. Length 3.3-3.8 mm.; width 0.9-1.06 mm.
Arizona (Benson), — G. W. Dunn deserticola n. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 161
21 — Elytra black, each maculate with rufous apically near the suture... 22
Elytra nearly uniform in color throughout or at least never definitely mac-
ulate 23
22 — Form moderately stout, polished, black, the elytra each with a small
rounded rufous spot near the suture, occupying apical two -fifths to
fourth; antennae black throughout, the legs blackish -piceous; head
three -fifths to nearly two -thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely but
distinctly, sparsely punctate, the antennae moderately iucrassate to the
tip, nearly as long as the head and prothorax, the second and third
joints elongate, subequal, the former slightly the longer, the tenth
fully three-fifths wider than long, the eleventh longer than the two
preceding combined, stout and subpyriform; prothorax one- half or
more wider than long, the sides distinctly converging from base to apex
and somewhat arcuate, the punctures toward the sides fine and some-
what sparse but strong and distinct, the sublateral puncture of the pre-
ceding section not distinct; elytra well developed, longer than usual^
at the sides much longer than the sides of the prothorax, the suture
fully as long as the median line, the punctures somewhat coarse, deep,
only slightly asperate and well separated though not very sparse ; ab-
domen subparallel, not quite as wide as the elytra, finely, subrugosly
and somewhat closely punctured throughout, not more coarsely in the
subbasal impressions; hind tarsi very slender, the basal joint about as
long as the next two combined. Length 2.5-3.8 mm.; width 0.78-0.98 mm.
Entire northern regions of the continent, from the Atlantic to the Pa-
cific, apparently extending less to the southward than bimaculata.
verna Say
Form less stout, smaller in size, polished, black, the elytra each with an
elongate nubilously rufescent spot in about apical half near the suture;
legs and antennae black or piceous-black; head about three-fourths as
wide as the prothorax, very finely, sparsely punctate, the antennae one-
half longer than. the head, somewhat strongly incrassate distally, the
second joiut long, very much longer than the third ; prothorax a third
to two-fifths wider than long, the sides rather strongly converging
from base to apex and distinctly to feebly arcuate, the punctures very
sparse, nearly as in veriia but very fine or almost obsolete; elytra some-
what shorter than in verna, at the sides scarcely longer than the sides
of the prothorax, the suture very distinctly shorter than the median
line, the punctures fine but distinct, even, not very close-set; abdomen
nearly as wide as the elytra, subparallel, finely, rather sparsely punc-
tate, the punctures of the impressions not differing from the others and
fully as sparse; impression of the third tergite almost completely
obsolete; basal joint of the hind tarsi very short, one-half longer than
the second and barely three-fourths as long as the fifth. Length 1.4-
2.25 mm.; width 0.55-0.63 mm. California (San Francisco to Pomona)
and Iowa minnta n. sp.
23 — Form moderately stout, parallel, polished, deep black, the abdomen
not paler at tip, the elytra pale rufous, feebly clouded with blackish on
the flanks and toward the scutellum; legs piceous-black, the autennae
black throughout; head nearly three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
remotely and obsoletely punctate, the antennae somewhat longer than
162 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the head and prothorax, gradually and moderately incrassate from the
base of the fourth joint, the latter fully as long as wide and as long as
the fifth, the tenth not twice as wide as long, the eleventh unusually
elongate, almost equaling the three preceding combined, the second
and third moderately elongate, subequal; prothorax as wide as the
elytra, wider than the base of the latter, somewhat more than one-half
wider than long, strongly convex, distinctly narrowed from base to
apex with the sides broadly and evenly arcuate, the punctures toward
the sides very fine, remotely scattered, the two median impressions sub-
obsolete, feebly punctured and only traceable toward base; elytra at the
sides evidently longer than the sides of the prothorax, the suture four-
fifths as long as the median line, the punctures moderately floe, very
strongly asperate and close-set throughout; abdomen as wide as the
elytra, but slightly tapering, finely but strongly, asperately and rather
closely punctate, the punctures of the impressions larger and more
circular than the others; hind tarsi as long as the tibiae, the basal joint
somewhat longer than the next two together, two to four decreasing in
length; mesosternal process narrowly subtruncate. Length 4.0 mm,;
width 0.95 mm. Colorado (Breckenridge), — H. F. Wlckham.
snffnsa n. sp.
Form rather slender, polished, black, the elytra very dark rufo-piceous,
almost imperceptibly shaded with black at the sides and broadly toward
the scutellum; legs and antennae black or piceous-black; head nearly
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, scarcely at all puuctate, convex,
the antennae much smaller than in suffusa, two-thirds longer than the
head, feebly Incrassate, the second joint longer than the third; prothorax
two-fifths wider than long, strongly narrowed from base to apex, the
sides evenly and only slightly arcuate, the punctures extremely remote
and subobsolete laterally, the two median impressed lines feebly punc-
tate and obsolescent; elytra at the sides but little longer than the sides
of the prothorax, the suture four-fifths as long as the median line, the
punctures moderate in size, asperate and somewhat close-set; abdomen
not quite as wide as the elytra, subparallel, the punctures sparse,
rather closer toward base, elongate, parallel and aciculate in form ex-
cept in the impressions; basal joint of the hind tarsias long as the
next two combined, two to four rapidly decreasing in length; mesoster-
nal process unusually narrow, gradually narrowed almost to a point at
tip, the latter however very narrowly truncate, the carina entire as
usual. Length 3.5 mm.; width 0.82 mm. Colorado (Leadville).
acnminata n. sp.
The species above described may be assigned to six well
defined groups, the first of which (1) includes all those from
castaneipennis to defecta, together with the European
cuniculo7'u?n Kr., according to the identification of Mr.
Fauvel, and is characterized by a narrow mesosternal process,
very fine and more or less incomplete carina and generally
fine and sparse abdominal punctures, those of the impressions
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 163
being extremely minute in some cases. The second group
(2), consisting of a^wens alone, is characterized by a broader
though still rather narrow, process, normal and entire carina
and closer abdominal sculpture, with the close-set punctures
of the impressions moderately coarse and the third group (3),
composed of sculptiventris, is remarkably isolated by reason of
the unusually coarse deep and subconfluent punctures of the
abdominal impressions, the latter being deeper than in any
other group and also because of the normally wide though
rather abbreviated process with correspondingly longer me-
tasternal process, normal carina and fine dense punctures
throughout. The fourth group (4) consists of the three
species from imhricata to salicola, and is distinguished by a
peculiar imbricate sculpture of the abdomen, almost similar
to that of the European bipunctata 01., where, however, the
mesosternal process is much narrower and the basal joint of
the hind tarsi normally elongate; the process is of unusual
width and the basal joint of the hind tarsi very short in the
American species. The species from densiventris to ohsoles-
cew« constitute another group (5), characterized by the bi-im-
pressed, sparsely and irregularly punctate prouotum and nor-
mally wide process, and, finally, verna and others of the table,
the European nitida Grav., and hilineata GylL, and a small,
apparently undescribed Mexican species before me, constitute
a special group (6), resembling the preceding in pronotal
sculpture but differing in the narrow, though normally cari-
nate, process, and generally finer sculpture of the abdominal
impressions; the process is indeed as narrow as in the first
group, but, except in acuminata, with less converging sides.
The last two groups are the only ones containing species of
very wide grographic distribution, all the others being con-
fined to special faunal regions. A very small species in my
cabinet, taken near the city of Mexico, constitutes still another
distinct group, having the fine abbreviated carina and narrow
process of the first group above defined, with the medially
biseriate and otherwise sparsely and unevenly punctate pro-
notum of the fifth and sixth groups, this being an additional
reason why the biseriately impressed pronotum of the last
164 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
two groups cannot be considered a generic character in any
sense.* The species are readily distinguishable among them-
selves, as a rule, by structural peculiarities relating to the
intermesocoxal parts, sculpture, antennal characters, length
of the basal joint of the hind tarsi and other easily observed
features.
Verna has been inscribed in our lists under the name
nitida Grav., but is by no means identical, having longer and
more closely punctured elytra and more finely and closely
sculptured abdomen ; it is given in the European catalogue as
a species different from nitida^ but I have seen no European
representatives. It varies noticeably, not only in size but to
some extent in development of the elytra and density of
sculpture, as might be inferred from its very extended range,
although himacuJata, which is even more widely distributed,
is notably less plastic. The southern California innocua
closely approaches bimaculata Grav., in general structure,
but is rather less stout, having also obviously shorter and paler
elytra and a smaller, more parallel prothorax. The male of
obsole.scens possesses one character which, as far as known to
me, is unique in the subtribe, the sixth ventral plate having
at tip a small, abruptly incised and acutely angulate cleft,
* This species may be clescrihed as f illows: —
Form moderately stout, parallel, convex, shining, deep black, the elytra
>"carcely visibly picescent, not definitely maculate, the legs and antennae
black; head fully three- fifths as vpide as the prothorax, finely, remotely
punctate, the antennae barely one-half longer than the head, strongly
incrassate and compact disially, the second joint much longer than the
the third and almost as long as the next two combined; prothorax
nearly one-half vyider than long, slightly narrower from base to apex,
with the sides evenly and strongly arcuate, the base arcuate, the
angles obtusely rounded, the punctures very sparse, disposed as in
verna throughout; elytra scarcely at all wider than the prothorax and
about as louu, the suture not quite as long as the median lice, the
punctures and pubescence as in verna; abdomen parallel, nearly as
wide as the elytra, finely, rather sparsely punctured throughout, the
punctures of the impressions not larger; mesosterual process narrow,
the carina very much abbreviated, not extending quite to the middle
of the aceiabula; hind tarsi as long as the tibiae, the basal joint fully
as long as the fifth and as long as the next two together. Length
2.7mm.; width 0.83 mm. Mexico (Federal District).. coinposita u. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 165
twice as deep as wide and about a fourth as long as the seg-
ment. The species languida Grav., and cognala Makl., are
unknown to me at present.
Eucharina n. gen.
This genus, though having a type of prouotal sculpture not
unusual in Baryodma, differs profoundly in the very coarsely
spinose anterior and middle tibiae, the former, especially, being
much shorter, more dilated and somewhat arcuate, in its more
abbreviated mesosternal and longer, more narrowly angulate
metasternal process and very small antennae, with unusual
relative development of the second joint. It also differs in
its extremely coarse sculpture and in having the first four
tergites impressed at base, gradually less strongly, instead of
three as in Baryodma. The hind tarsi are longer than in
that genus, about equal in length to the tibiae, the latter
being normally and very sparsely setose and wholly devoid of
the very coarse spinules of the other two pairs. The species
are only moderately numerous and are confined wholly to the
sea-beaches of the Pacific coast from Alaska to Lower Cali-
fornia. The five indicated by material before me may be dis-
tinguished among themselves as follows: —
Elytra at the sides distinctly longer than the sides of the prothorax; elytral
sculpture denser 2
Elytra at the sides not lonj^tr than the sides of the prothorax; species
southern in range; pubescence coarse but sparse and inconspicuous. 4
2 — Form very stout, parallel, the prothorax distinctly transverse. Body
deep black throughout, the legs and antennae piceous, polished; head
one- half to three- fifths as wide as the prothorax, with a few very coarse,
unevenly and remotely scattered punctures, the antennae only about a
third longer than the head, gradually and moderately incrassate to the
tip, the subapical joints transverse, the eleventh barely as long as the
two preceding combined, conoidal, the second joint as long as the next
two together; prothorax large, one-half wider than long, the sides
distinctly converging from base to apex and only moderately arcuate;
sulci deep and strongly, irregularly punctured as usual, the surface
elsewhere having very few coarse punctures, aggregated especially
toward the sides near the middle, with a few at lateral fourth near the
base and also minutely, rather closely punctulate throughout; elytra at
the sides much longer than the sides of the prothorax, the suture three-
fourths as long as the median line, the punctures very coarsely rugose
166 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
and close-set, the upper part of the flanks broadly Irapunctate except at
the middle; abdomen eubequal in width to the elytra, parallel, some-
what fluely and closely punctured, more coarsely in the impressions, a
rather wide median line on segments two to five impunctate except at
base; vestiture throughout coarse but sparse and not very conspicuous.
Length 5.0 mm.; width 1.35mm. California (Monterey Bay).
tibialis n. sp.
Form only moderately stout, parallel, the prothorax but slightly wider than
long; integuments shining, ihe pronotum with minute and indistinct
punctulation as usual 3
3 — Body black, the legs and antennae dark piceo-rufous, the elytra very
faintly picescent; head rather smaller than in the preceding, barely
half as wide aa the prothorax, having similar very coarse punctures ag-
gregated in a transverse, medially interrupted line near the base, with
one or two at each side of the middle anteriorly, the antennae nearly
similar; prothorax barely a fourth wider than long, the sides distinctly
converging from base to apex but only very feebly arcuate, the punc-
tures coarse and closely aggregated in the deep narrow sulci, the
surface generally also having a sparf^ely placed series near the side
margins, two or three in the middle at lateral fifth and a cluster of three
or four at lateral fourth near the base; elytra at the sides only slightly,
though distinctly, longer than the sides of the prothorax, the suture
three-fourths as long as the median line, the punctures very coarse and
close-set, rugose as usual, the upper part of the flanks with a small
Impunctate spot posteriorly; abdomen punctured nearly as in tibialis,
the median smooth line generally less wide and frequently feebly de-
fined ; pubescence throughout coarse but sparse, rather pale but not
very conspicuous. Length 3.0-4.6 mm.; width 0.8-1.0 mm. California
(San Francisco) to Alaska. [=Aleochara sulc, Maun.].
snlcicollis Mann.
Body deep black throughout, the elytra not paler, the legs rufo-piceous;
head nearly as in sulcicollis, barely half as wide as the prothorax, the
latter more rounded at the sides and even less transverse, about a fifth
wider than long, the sides only slightly converging from base to apex
and conspicuously arcuate, the punctures similar but more numerous and
more confused toward the sides; elytra well developed, barely a third
wider than long.the sides distinctly lon<rer than the sides of the prothorax,
the suture fully four-fifths as long as the median line, the punctures
coarse, very dense, rugose, the upper part of the flanks impunctate in
apical half; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, parallel, rather
flnely but strongly and very closely punctured, nearly as in the pre-
ceding species but more closely and with a very narrow, abruptly de-
fined median impunctate line; pubescence very coarse, unusually long,
moderately close, fulvous and conspicuous. Length 4. 0-4. 4mm. ; width
0.95 mm. Queen Charlotte Island (Massett.), — J. H. Keen.
rngosa n. sp.
4 — Moderately stout, convex, shining, deep black, the elytra not paler, the
legs and antennae pale brownish-red; head well developed, fully as long
as wide, rather more than half as wide as the prothorax, the latter, as
well as the head, punctured nearly as in sulcicollis but with the very
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 167
minute punctulation finer and sparser; antennae slender, only very
slightly and gradually Incrassaie dislally, barely one-h.ilf loager than
the head, the second joint as lonsi as the next two together, the tenth
three-fourths wider than long, the ekventh as long as the preceding
two combined, very obtusely pyriform, truncate at tip; prothorax un-
usually elongate, only just visibly wider than long, fully us wide as the
elytra, the sides moderately converging from base to apex and feebly ar-
cuate; basal angles l)roadly rounded as usual, the median 1 )be of tbe base
strongly rounded; elytra short, the sides ranch shortf-r than the sides
of the prothorax, the suture two-thirds as loni as the nvdian line, the
punctures very coarse and asperate but; much Irss clo>e-set than in
siilcicollis, rhe flanks impunctate, narrowly at base, very broadly and
almost to the lower edge behind, with a few punctures just behind the
humeri; discal punctures externally tending to form oblique series;
abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel, finely, rather closely
punctate, somewhat broadly inipunctiie along the middle; hind tarsi
fully as long as the tibiae, the basal joint almost a'^ long as the next three
combined. Length 4.5 ram.; width 1.05 mm. California (San Diego).
rtebilicoriiis n. sp.
Moderately slender and much smaller, convex, parallel, polished, black, the
elytra dark piceo-rufous throughout, the legs and autennue pale brown-
ish red; head relatively large, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax or
more, with a few large s>catteied punctures, the antennae nearly as in
the preceding but somewhat more rapidly incrassate distally, the sec-
ond joint scarcely as long as the next two comhioed, the tenth twice as
wide as long, the eleventh more pointed; prothorax fully as wide as the
elytra, scarcely a fifth wider than Ions, the sides only slightly converg-
ing from base to apex and distinctly arcu.<ite, punctured nearly as in
the other species, except that the punctures near the base, just outside
of the sulci, tend to form a short transverse series, the minute punctula-
tion very fine, sparse and indistinct; elytra rather shoit, moderately
transverse, the sides equal in length to those of the prothorax,
the suture fully two-thirds as long as the median line, the punctures
very coarse and asperate but less close-set than in sulcicollis and tend-
ing to form oblique series throushout, the upper part of the flanks im-
punctate except before the middle, very broadly so behind; hind tarsi
even somewhat longer than the tibiae but with the basal joiat only as
long as the next two combined. Length 2.7-2.9 mm.; width 0.65 mm.
California (San Diego) cyliudrella n. sp.
The tendency of the coarse eljtral punctures to range
themselves into oblique series in cylindrella and partially so
in dehilicornis, is a rather singular character ; this tendency
is not so obvious in the first three species of the table, and,
where observable at all, the series are less oblique; the large
impunctate areas at the sides of the elytra are also a dis-
tinguishing feature as in many Xantholinids.
168 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Maseochara Shp.
At this point we arrive at a series of genera, sharply dis-
tinguished from those which precede by having the hypomera
feebly inflexed, in such manner as to be visible in part from a
lateral point of view in a strictly horizontal plane. There
is nearly as much divergence in general structure among the
various genera of this series as in the preceding section of the
subtribe, but it may be noted that the mesosternal process is
shorter as a rule and there are numerous instances where the
tip of this process fails to attain the metasteruum, sometimes
by a long distance, — a character never observable in that
group of genera. The genus Maseochara is an exception,
however, in this respect, as well as in the very widely separa-
ted coxae, the mesosternal process attaining or even slightly
overlapping the broad apex of the metasternum. The species
are generally of large size, comprising in fact the largest of
the subtribe and have remarkably opaque integuments, due to
a minute recticuliform granulation, the true punctures of the
head and pronotum, where this fine sculpture is especially
evident, being feeble, sparse and ill defined as a rule. The
pubescence is coarse, sparse, generally moderate in length and
more or less inconspicuous. The sixth tergite of the male is
armed throughout the width of its truncate apex with six long
porrect and spiculiform teeth, the three on each side being
somewhat curved toward the axial line. These appendages
are homologous with the much finer and closer dentiform
pectination characterizing the first division of Aleochara, as
heretofore noted, but are more plastic or variable and can
seldom be employed in the definition of species. The seven
species in my cabinet may be described as follows: —
Large species, never materially less than 7 mm. in length 2
Small species never notably exceeding 5 ram . In length 6
2 — Elytra black 3
Elytra dull rufous ia color ; prothorax transverse 5
3 — Prothorax almost as long as wide. Body black throughout, the legs
and tarsi throughout and the antennae, gradually toward base, piceous-
black; head and pronotum opaque, the former rather distinctly, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 169
latter extremely finely, rather closely but indistinctly punctate through-
out, the elytra more shining, finely but distinctly, subasperately, evenly
and closely punctured, the abdomen strongly shining, finely, somewhat
closely punctured, becoming gradually very sparsely so posteriorly;
head orbicular, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the antennae
stout, only feebly incrassate distally, the second joint distinctly shorter
than the third, the tenth about a third wider than long, the eleventh
rather narrower than the tenth, somewhat shorter than the two preced -
ing|combined and feebly pyriform; prothorax very slightly wider than
long, the apex but little narrower than the base, the sides evenly and
rather strongly arcuate, the basal angles obtuse but distinct; elytra
very short and transverse, the sides very much shorter than the. sides of
the prothorax, the suture barely three-fifths as long as the median line;
abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, parallel, arcuately narrowed
toward tip, the latter not at all paler in color; hind tarsi shorter than
the tibiae, the basal joint less than one-half longer than the second,
three-fourths as long as the fifth, two to four equal in length. Male
with the ventral spines short and slender, the two sets of three separ-
ated by an unusually wide interval, this being equal to the width of
either set. Length 7.0 ram. ; width 1.7 mm. Arizona (Benson).
decipiens n. sp.
Prothorax transverse, strongly and continuously rounded at the sides and
base, the angles subobsolete, black, the abdomen rufous at tip, the two
sets of male abdominal spinules separated by a much narrower interval
than in the preceding 4
i — Mesosternal process very broad, its apex broadly, almost evenly arcuate
and received in a broadly arcuate impression in the usually still broader
tip of the metasternum. Body very stout; elytra, legs and antennae
deep black; head rounded, three- fifths as wide as the prothorax, feebly,
sparsely punctate and opaque; antennae as long as the two together,
very stout, the second joint much shorter than the third, the tenth fully
one-half wider than long; prothorax two-fifths wider than long, opa-
que, with very fine and rather sparse, indistinct punctures and short,
suberect, blackish hairs; elytra well developed, at the sides as long as
the sides of the prothorax, the suture three- fourths as long as the med-
dian line, the punctures very fine, only moderately close-set, shallow
and indistinct; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra, the segments
finely punctured but only in apical half, rather closely on the basal,
sparsely on the apieal, tergites; hind tarsi stout, scarcely two-thirds
as long as the tibiae, the basal joint about a third longer than the
second and but little more than half as long as the fifth. Length
9.0-11.0 mm.; width 2.3-2.8 mm. California (near Los Angeles).
ralida Lee.
Mesosternal process less broad, with its sides more rapidly converging, as
a rule, the tip narrower and less rounded though variably so. Body
less stout, the antennae and legs slightly piceous; head orbicular, two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, feebly, sparsely punctate, impunctate
toward the middle anteriorly as in valida, opaque; antennae less stout,
barely as long as the head and prothorax, the second joint much shorter
than the third, the tenth distinctly less than one -half wider than long,
170 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
the eleventh more elongate than in the preceding species; prothorax
opaque, less transverse, one-third wider than long, the punctures fine,
feeble and rather more close-set than in valida; elytra nearly similar in
form but more shining, the punctures fine but stronger and very dis-
tinct, moderately close-set; sides scarcely as long as those of the pro-
thorax, the suture two- thirds as long as the median line; abdomen
polished, as wide as the elytra, finely, sparsely punctured in apical half
of the tergites; hind tarsi about three-fourths as long as the tibiae, the
basal joint about one-half longer than the second and three-fourths as
long as the fifth. Length 7.8-9.5 mm.; width 1.75-2.2 mm. California
(Los Angeles and San Diego) californica Csy.
5 — Body large and very stout, subparallel, black, the elytra pale but dull
rufous, blackish at the basal margin ; abdomen piceo-rufous at tip, the
legs dark piceous, the antennae piceous-black throughout; head opaque,
strongly but rather sparsely punctured except along the middle as usual,
two-thirds as wide as the prothorax; antennae very stout, rather
strongly incrassate distally, not quite as long as the head and prothorax,
the second joint much shorter than the third, the tenth fully two -thirds
wider than long, the eleventh comparatively small, pyriform; pro-
thorax opaque, finely but strongly, moderately closely punctured, two-
fifths wider than long; elytra less opaque, distinctly broader than the
prothorax, the sides as long as the sides of the latter, the suture two-
thirds as long as the median line, the punctures flue but distinct,
moderately close-set; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, parallel,
finely, rather sparsely punctured in about apical half of all the tergites;
mesosternal process very wide, arcuate at tip, nearly as in valida; hind
tarsi two-thirds as long as the tibiae, the basal joint fully one-half
longer than the second and four-fifths as long as the fifth. Length 8.0-
11.0 mm.; width 1.9-2.8 mm, Arizona ponderosa n. sp.
Body smaller and more slender; coloration as in ponderosa but with the
tip of the abdomen bright and pale rufous; head and pronotum opaque,
finely but very distinctly punctate, the former well developed, orbicular
as usual, nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the antennae
nearly as in ponderosa, the prothorax nearly similar but with the punc-
tures more close-set; elytra alutaceous, black toward the scutellum,
at the sides not quite as long as the sides of the prothorax, the suture
barely two-thirds as long as the median line, the punctures fine, rather
feeble and moderately sparse; abdomen punctured nearly as in ponde-
rosa; mesosternal process less broad and more truncate at tip, the apex
of the metasternal process much broader than the tip of the mesosternal
and broadly emarginate in circular arc as usual; hind tarsi nearly as
in ponderosa. Length 7.0 mm.; width 1.65 mm. Arizona (Benson), —
G. W. Dunn rnficanda n. sp.
6 — Body somewhat slender, black, the elytra obscure rufous, generally
blackish at the sides and base; legs rather pale, the antennae darker,
brownish-rufous; integuments opaque, the elytra less so and the ab-
domen shining; vestiture longer and more abundant than in any of the
preceding species; head orbicular, much narrowed at base, the basal
parts not more shining except toward the sides; antennae about as long
as the head and prothorax, rather strongly incrassate distally but
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 171
unusually slender toward base, the second and third joints equal;
punctures fine and obscure; prothorax equally finely but rather closely
punctate^ scarcely one-half wider than the head, about a fourth wider
than long, the sides subparallel, evenly and distinctly arcuate, the base
arcuate, the angles very obtuse but distinct; elytra obviously wider than
the prothorax, the sides distinctly longer than those of the latter, the
suture four- fifths as long as the median line, the punctures very fine
bat close-set; abdomen about as wide as the elytra, finely and moder-
ately closely punctured almost to the bases of the tergites; mesosternal
process narrower than in valida and allies, truncate or feebly sinuate at
tip, abutting against the truncate and unemarginate apex of the meta-
sternum; hind tarsi fully three-fourths as long as ihe tibiae, the basal
joint one-half longer than the second. Length 3.8-5.0 mm.; width
0.78-1.2 mm. Arizona (Benson) and California puberula Csy.
Body just visibly stouter and less parallel, black, the elytra and antennae
dark piceous, the latter toward base and the legs paler, testaceous;
pubescence rather shorter, finer and less conspicuous; head not orbicu
lar and much narrower, only slightly narrowed from the eyes to the base,
with the sides scarcelv at all arcuate, the surface opaque except broadly
along the base, where it becomes abruptly shining and with dense
asperate punctures except at the sides; antennae nearly similar,
strongly incrassate distally but with the second joint not quite
as long as the third, although subequal; prothorax rather small,
about a fifth wider than long, the sides parallel, evenly and more
strongly arcuate, the angles obtuse but distinct, the punctures
very fine, rather close-set, but indistinct, the surface opaque;
elytra less opaque, fiaely but strongly, closely punctured, much wider
than the prothorax, the sides equal in length to the sides of the latter,
the suture four-fifths as long as the median line; abdomen polished,
broader than in puberula, as wide as the elytra, very finely, rather
sparsely punctured almo&t throughout, the punctures becoming close -
set toward base; hind tarsi fully three- fourths as long as the tibiae,
the basal joint a little less than one-half longer than the second and
about two-thirds as long as the fifth. Length 3.8 mm. ; width 0.92 mm.
California (Arrowhead) basalis n. sp.
The species above described range themselves into three
rather well defined groups, the first and last of which are
closely allied, though separated in the table by the second for
convenience in identification. The first group consists of
decipiens alone, having moderately broad meso- and meta-
sternal processes, coming together on a straight transverse
line, heavy antennae like those of the second group and
having a similarly short second joint, distinct basal angles of
the prothorax and abdomen punctured almost throughout.
The second group includes the species from valida to i^uji-
172 Trans. Acad. Sci. oj St. Louis.
Cauda, they being of stouter build, large size as a rule, with
very broad meso- and metasternal processes, the former
o-enerally rounded at tip and the latter broadly and circularly
emaro-inate and frequently wider than the mesosternal, very
stout antennae, which however are not very strongly incras-
sate, and with the second joint much shorter than the third,
broadly rounded sides and base of the prothorax, with
subobsolete basal angles and with the abdomen only punc-
tured in apical half of the dorsal plates. The third consists
of much smaller species, resembling the first group in the
intermesocoxal parts, abdominal punctures and parallel pro-
thorax with distinct basal angles, but the antennae are much
more slender basally and more stronglj^ incrassate distally,
with the second and third joints equal or nearly so. Semi-
velutina Solsky, does not occur within our borders but belongs
to the fauna of the warmer parts of Mexico, the head, pro-
thorax and elytra are all red. Ponderosa of the table was
formerly labeled valida in some cabinets but is not the same
as the species of LeConte, which has black elytra. I form-
erly regarded californica as identical with valida, but more
ample series of specimens show that it is a smaller and notably
less stout species. Decipiens is closely allied to opacella Shp.,
but is probably not the same, differing in its smaller size and
stouter antennae. The type specimen of basalts has a remark-
able deformity on the surface of the pronotum, consisting of
a very large, strongly and obliquely elevated protuberance in
the form of a volcanic cone, having an elliptical crater at the
summit.
If this genus is ever subdivided, the name Maseochara
may be applied to species of the opacella type and Tithanis
to those of the valida type. Mr. Fauvel has recently
assigned some East Indian species to Maseochara, but in all
probability they are not really congeneric.
Emplenota Csy.
As the name Poly stoma, employed by Stephens for this
genus, is a preoccupied name, and, since the word '•'■ Poll-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 173
stomay" suggested by me some time ago (Annals N. Y.
Acad. Sci., VII, p. 289) seems to be a mere printer's error, it
becomes necessary to use the name above given, wliicii was
published in 1885 (Cont. Descr. and Syst. Col., II, p. 123).
In this genus the body becomes more depressed in form than
in any of our other types of Aleocharae except Pinalochara,
and the integuments are duller because of minute reticula-
tion and granulation, than in any except il^aseocAara, and, even
there, the abdomen is polished and not minutely reticulate as
it is here. The pubescence also becomes rather conspicuous,
pale, close and erect though never very long. In Emplenota
and all others of the following genera of this subtribe, the
prothorax differs greatly from that of Rheochara in being rela-
tively smaller as a rule and parallel or nearly so at the sides.
The mesosternal process is not materially wider than in
Kheochara but is more abbreviated, extending usually to about
apical third of the acetabula, and is subacute to narrowly
truncate at tip ; the metasternal projection is correspondingly
longer, though separated from the tip of the mesosternal by
the same depressed discontinuity of surface, which is only
slightly variable in longitudinal extent within the limits of the
genus. The species, like those of Eucharina, appear to be
confined to the ocean beaches, those of our fauna being char-
acterized as follows: —
Species of the Atlantic coast. Body unusually slender, finely granulate-
reticulate and dull, the abdomen feebly reticulate and polished, the
pubescence stiff, fulvous and distinct, black, the elytra more or less
rufo-piceous, the legs and antennae blacki^h, the tarsi slightly paler ;
head nearly four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, parallel, slightly in-
flated and arcuate at the sides behind the moderate eyes, rather abruptly
narrowed at base, strongly, somewhat closely punctured, impunctate
along the median line, the antennae shorter and more slender than
usual, rather feebly incrassate distally, about one-half longer than the
head; prothorax small, scarcely a fifth wider than long, the sides
arcuate, rather more strongly convergent and straighter toward base
than apex, the latter ful'y as wide as the rounded base; angles very
obtuse, the punctures rather impressed, coarse and distinct, moderately
close; surface flattened toward the middle; elytra well developed, only
slightly transverse, the sides very much longer than the sides of the
prothorax, the suture as long as the median line, the disk much wider;
punctures moderately fine, rather strongly impressed and close-set;
174 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
abdomen narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides
throughout, finely, sparsely punctured, the basal parts of the tergites
impunctate; mesosternal process acute, with a longer sloping posterior
margin than in any other species, the apparent distance between the
two apices being therefore greater. Length 3.0-4.0 mm.; width
0.75-0.8 mm. New York to Virginia (Norfolk) maritima Csy .
Species of the Pacific Coast 2
2 — Antennae stout and strongly incrassate, the ante-apical joints strongly
obtrapezoidal, short and very strongly transverse, the second and third
joints moderately elongate, subequal in length, the former somewhat
the shorter; basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the third and fourth
combined. Body stout, parallel, opaque, the elytra less so, the abdo-
men shining, black, the entire elytra dark rufo-piceous; legs red-brown,
the antennae inf uscate ; vestiture short and inconspicuous, rather sparse ;
head large, subquadrate, wider than long, three -fourths as wide as the
prothorax; finely, somewhat sparsely punctate, the median line im-
punctate as usual; antennae slightly shorter than the head and pro-
thorax, the latter large, more transverse, a third wider than long, par-
allel and evenly, rather strongly rounded at the sides, the base almost
continuously and strongly arcuate, the angles very obtuse and barely
visible; punctures fine, not very distinct, well separated and evenly
distributed throughout; elytra distinctly wider and somewhat longer
than the prothorax, the sides evidently longer than those of the latter,
the suture scarcely as long as the median line, the punctures fine, mod-
erately close-set and rather distinct; abdomen nearly as wide as the
elytra, parallel, finely, sparsely punctate, the punctures very remote
toward apex, the impressions impunctate as usual; mesosternal process
acute, the space between the two apices unusually deeply excavated.
Length 3.5 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. California (Sta. Barbara and La Jolla).
paciflca Csy.
Antennae less strongly incrassate distally, the outer joints less narrowed
from apex to base and less strongly transverse, the second joint always
longer than the third; basal joint of the hind tarsi still shorter, but
little longer than the second 3
3 — Second antennal joint only very slightly longer than the third. Form
only moderately stout, parallel, dull in lustre, the abdomen polished, the
vestiture moderate in length and abundance though distinct, black, the
elytra very dull rufo-piceous, black at the sides, the legs pale red-
brown, the antennae nearly black; head relatively large, four-fifths as
wide as the prothorax, finely, strongly punctured except along the mid-
dle, the antennae about as long as the head and prothorax, the latter a
fifth wider than long, parallel, with evenly and moderately arcuate sides
and rounded base, the punctures fine but distinct and rather close, the
surface somewhat flattened toward the middle, with two feebly tumes-
cent smoother spots at the basal margin and separated by half
the width; elytra but slightly transverse, much wider and evidently
longer than the prothorax, the suture as long as the median line, the
punctures rather fine but strong, somewhat close-set; abdomen nar-
rower than the elytra, parallel throughout, the punctures fine and sparse,
wanting at the bases of the tergites; mesosternal process acuminate, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 175
tip extremely narrowly rounded. Length 8.5-4,0 mm.; width 0.8-0.86
mm. California (San Diego) arenaria Csy.
Second antennal joint much longer than the third; elytra bright testaceous
except broadly along the sides and base; vestiture fulvous, rather
abundant and conspicuous 4
4 — Form very broad, parallel, dull as usual, the abdomen shining, black,
the legs piceous, the antennae black, scarcely paler toward base; head
relatively smaller than in arenaria, somewhat wider than long, two-
thirds as wide as the prothorax, finely, rather feebly and not closely
punctate, with the parallel median line impunctate; antennae nearly as
long as the head and prothorax, stout throughout, though only moder-
ately incrassate distally; prothorax about a fourth wider than long,
parallel and rounded at the sides, the base broadly arcuate, the punc-
tures fine and rather close, the surface subveven, convex, with the two
widely separated basal tumidities feeble ; elytra large, distinctly longer
and wider than the prothorax, slightly transverse, the suture as long as
the median line, the surface flat, finely but distinctly, unusually closely
punctured; abdomen broad, nearly as wide as the elytra, parallel,
punctured finely and sparsely except at the bases of the tergites as
usual; mesosternal process narrow, short, becoming parallel toward
tip, the latter arcuato- truncate. Length 3.6 mm.; width 1.1 mm.
. California (Redondo), — H. C. Fall qnadrifer n. sp.
Form narrow, parallel, depressed as usual, dull, the abdomen moderately
shining, black, the legs piceous, the antennae black, slightly picescent
toward base; head nearly as long as wide, three-fourths as wide as the
prothorax, finely, feebly punctured in the usual way, the antennae
moderately stout and incrassate distally; prothorax smaller, parallel,
about a fifth wider than long, the sides and base rounded, the punctures
feebly impressed, somewhat close-set, the basal tumid spots distinct;
elytra very much wider and longer than the prothorax, the suture
slightly longer than the median line, the punctures rather fine but some-
what less close- set than in qnadrifer; abdomen evidently narrower than
the elytra, parallel, finely, rather sparsely punctured as usual; meso-
sternal process short, still somewhat broader than in qnadrifer and more
gradually narrowed to the arcuato -truncate apex. Length 3.6 mm.;
width 0.78 mm. California (Alameda) trilimbata n. sp.
The European algarum, of Fauvel, belongs to this genus,
although the mesosternal process is evidently longer than in
any of the American species and still somewhat wider than in
trili7nhata, gradually becoming parallel toward the abruptly
arcuato-truncate apex near apical fourth of the acetabula;
the second antennal joint is longer than the third and the
basal joint of the hind tarsi very short as usual, and there is
the usual depressed discontinuity between the tips of the
meso- and metasternal processes. The species described by
176 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Kraatz as Poly stoma grisea will, however, have to be placed
in another genus as previously defined, the body being more
convex, the basal joint of the hind tarsi long and the meso-
sternal process much longer, attaining the tip of the meta-
sternum and closing the gap so characteristic of Rheochara,
Ewplenota and many other genera of this section of the
Aleocharae. It is probable that other species of this genus
will be found on our Florida and Gulf coasts, but I have seen
none as yet.
Echochara n. gen.
This is an isolated type, necessitating a special generic title,
as suggested above, for a species originally described by the
writer under the provisional name Rheochara lucifuga
(Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 288). The middle coxae
are subcontiguous, the very finely acuminate mesosternal
process being more or less bilaterally compressed and it
differs irom Rheochar^a in addition, by the long, acutely angu-
late metasternal process projecting anteriorly between the
coxae. The tarsi are of nearly the same type as those of
Rheohioma and Rheocharella , but are stouter, more decidedly
shorter than the tibiae, with the basal joint somewhat longer
than the fifth, though only intermediate in length between
the next two and three together. The abdomen differs greatly
from either in having the first four tergites impressed at
base, successively less strongly, the fourth feebly so, and
even the fifth is noticeably and broadly concave, almost as
strongly so as the fourth ; these basal impressions differ
from those of Maseochara and Emplenota in being strongly
punctured. The antennae are of the usual type, with the
fourth joint smaller than the fifth, and, as is sometimes the
case, the outer sides of the penultimate joints are a trifle
longer than the inner, causing the rectilinear apices to be
feebly oblique. The eyes are smaller than usual, though
still well developed, and are at a long distance from the base.
The punctures of the head and pronotum are extremely
minute and but little larger than the base of the hairs borne
by them ; each is surrounded by a minute incised ring ; those
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae, 177
of the elytra are normal and transversely crescentiform. The
integuments are finely, very obsoletely reticulate, except the
abdomen, which is wholly devoid of minute ground sculpture.
The type may be characterized as follows : —
Form elongate, slender and parallel, normally convex, subalotaceous, the
abdomen shining, pale ferruginous throughout, the legs and anten-
nae concolorous; head and abdominal dorsal plates piceous, pale
toward apex, the sixth wholly pale ; pubescence rather abundant, de-
cumbent and distinct; head somewhat elongate, three-fifths as wide as
the prothorax, widest near the base, the sides arcuate, the punctures
sparse and indistinct, the antennae stout, somewhat longer than the
head and prothorax, strongly incrassate distally, the outer joints trans-
verse, the second and third elongate and equal; prothorax scarcely
more than a fourth wider than long, subparallel, the sides evenly,
rather strongly and the base feebly, arcuate, the apex narrower than
the base, the basal angles obtuse and rounded, the punctures some-
what sparse and very indistinct; elytra scarcely visibly wider and
somewhat shorter than the prothorax, the outer side equal in length,
to the side of the latter, the suture scarcely more than two-thirds as
long as the median line, the punctures rather strong, asperulate and
close-set; abdomen long, subparallel, slightly narrower than the elytra,
finely punctulate, very sparsely toward tip, the punctures slightly
coarser, rather close-set and distinct in the basal impressions ; legs
rather long, finely, closely setose. Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.8 mm.
Kentucky (Lexington) . l=Rheochara luc. Csy . ] lacif aga Csy.
There are some inaccuracies in the original description
which are here corrected; the abdomen, for example, has no
subapical cloud, though the apical pale margin of the fourth
tergite is somewhat narrower than that of the basal segments,
and the punctures of the basal depressions are coarser than
the others. The mesosternal process does not more than just
attain the acute apex of the metasternum, but on a lower
level — in the natural position of the body. This species is
said to inhabit caves, but probably only incidentally.
Pinalocliara n. gen.
In many structural features and in appearance this genus
resembles both Maseochara and Umplenota, having a some-
what similar reticulate sculpture, the depressed form and
short basal joint of the hind tarsi characterizing Emplenota
and the feebly inflexed hypomera of Maseochara. It is
178 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
founded upon a single species which may be briefly described
as follows : —
Body parallel, depressed, rather shioins, black, the elytra bright red; legs
pale, the antfiiaae blackish, gradually testaceous basally; ioteguments
coarsely and not strongly micro-reticulate, the elytra very feebly so,
the abdomen finely and obsoletely transversely strigilato-reticulate ;
punctures fine and sparse but distinct, rather larger, more close-set and
somewhat feebly impressed on the elytra, fine and somewhat sparse on
the abdomen, except the basal region of all the tergites which is im-
punctate; pubescence short and inconspicuous but wiih many longer
erect and bristling setae along the sides; head rather longer than
wide, the sides behind the eyes evenly and strongly arcuate to the neck,
slightly widest behind the eyes; antennae aitaioiug the middle of the
elytra, gradually, strongly iacrassate distally. the subaplcal joints dis-
tinctly transverse, the eleventh obtusely pointed and almost as long as
the preceding three combined; prothorax only very slightly wider than
the head and about a fourth wider than long, the sides parallel and
feebly arcuate; base broadly rounded; surface extremely finely and
feebly impressed along the median line from apex nearly to the base;
elytra transverse, rather distinctly wider than the proLhorax but not
quite as long, the suture four- fifths as long as the median line, the
humeri scarcely exposed, the basal concavity infumate; abdomen paral-
lel and straight at the sides, slightly narrower than the elytra. Length
3.5 mm.; width 0.81 mm. Arizona (Santa RitaMts.),— H. F. Wickham.
wickhami n. sp.
The sixth tergite is truncate at tip in the unique type, with
the edge even, and the sex of this specimen is not clearly de-
terminable. The infra-lateral carina of the head in this
genus is feebler than usual, becoming almost obsolete an-
teriorly.
Kheochara Rey.
This genus is very isolated, differing greatly from any
other with feebly inflexed hypomera, in the dense sculp-
ture of the abdomen and in the apically narrowed prothorax.
The body in Rheochara is small in size, normally convex,
with transverse subconical prothorax, very broad front be-
tween the antennae and moderately slender hind tarsi, having
the basal joint as long as the next two combined. The
punctures of the head and pronotum are evenly distributed,
small but strongly annular in form, those of the elytra more
impressed, coarser and transversely subasperate, while on
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 179
the abdomen, they are small but very close-set and rugose
throughout, not differing materially in the concave depres-
sions of the three basal tergites. We have as yet but a
single species which may be described as follows : —
Moderately stout, convex, alutaceous, piceoos-black, the elytra rufous, be-
comiDg Dubllously black about the scutellum and obliquely at each side,
more broadly toward apex, each abdominal segment rufescent toward
tip above and beneath; antennae fuscous, the basal parts and legs
throughout pale testaceous; pubescence fine, subdecumbent, dense
and rather conspicuous; head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,
finely, rather closely, the latter still more finely and very closely punc-
tate; eyes unusually prominent; antennae as long as the head and
prothorax, the basal joints slender, the second and third equal,
fourth to the tip much stouter but increasing only very slightly out-
wardly, compact, the tenth nearly twice as wide as long, the eleventh
well developed, longer than the two preceding combined and fully as
wide, ogivally pointed; prothorax strongly transverse, compactly joined
to the elytra, the base exactly as wide as the base of the latter but slightly
narrower than the apical parts, the sides strongly converging from
base to apex and evenly, moderately arcuate, the surface very evenly
convex; elytra well developed, fully one-half wider than long, the
sides much longer than those of the prothorax, the suture fully as
long as the median line, the punctures fine and dense; abdomen dis-
tinctly narrower than the elytra, parallel, arcuately narrowing pos-
teriorly, finely, very closely and evenly punctured throughout; meso-
sternal process extending fully to apical fifth of the coxal cavities, the
metasternal very short, broadly parabolic, between the posterior ends
of the cavities some five times as wide as long; basal joint of the hind
tarsi as long as the next two combined. Length 3.0 mm. ; width 1.0 mm.
Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.), — P. J. Schmitt nebnlosa n. sp.
Some time ago one of my European correspondents sent
me a specimen under the name Aleochara lugubris, which
is placed in the catalogues as a synonym of moerens Gyll.,
under the subgeneric name Baryodma. On examining
this specimen I found the hypomera to be feebly inflexed
and in considerable part visible from the sides, and there-
fore conclude that it is not the species stated, but — the
antennae being rather stout and compact — a representa-
tive of Rheochara and assume that it represents the unique
type of that genus, named spadicea by Erichson. The
present species, described above from the mountains of
Pennsylvania, is exactly congeneric, but is stouter, less
parallel and with finer, less densely crowded punctuation.
180 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
In the European species the abdomen is not narrowed
toward tip but remains perfectly parallel from base to the
very broad tip of the fifth tergite, and the mesosternal
process is not only a little narrower but also somewhat
shorter than in the American species, with the metasternal
process somewhat longer and only very narrowly rounded,
the cavity between the two apices being about equal in
length in the two species.
Rheobioma n. gen.
This genus is allied to Rheochara in having the three basal
tergites subequally impressed at base, though otherwise there
is but little community of facies. The prothorax, instead of
being very transverse and strongly narrowed from base to
apex, closely applied to the elytra and densely sculptured, is
here but feebly narrowed anteriorly, rather loosely articulated
and finely and sparsely punctulate, but the abdomen, espec-
ially, differs in its fine remote punctulation and the antennae
are much more elongate. The genus is wholly isolated in some
features of the under surface, the tip of the long slender and
parallel mesosternal process being separated from the meta-
sternum by a much longer longitudinal discontinuity than in
any other, and the raetasternum does not enter at all between
the acetabula, being merely broadly and feebly arcuate. The
mesosternal carina, which also seems to be a peculiar feature,
extends from the dilated anterior margin to a transverse line
through anterior third or fourth of the acetabula but is not
similar to the carina of Baryodma and allies, being irregular,
broadly flattened and very feebly elevated. Another singular
feature is the elongate fourth antennal joint, which is even
somewhat longer than the fifth and distinctly longer than
wide. The hind tarsi are extremely slender and evenly fili-
form throughout, though not quite as long as the tibiae, with
the basal joint almost as long as the next three combined and
somewhat longer than the fifth. The type may be described
as follows: —
Moderately stout, subfusiform, convex, shining, pale piceous, the elytra
throughout rather more rufous, the abdomen blackish; antennae some-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 181
■what infuscate, the basal joint and the legs throughout pale brownish-
testaceous; pubescence rather long, abundant, fulvous and distinct;
integuments finely, very obsoletely reticulate, the abdomen excessively
minutely strigilate in transverse wavy lines but strongly shining; head
three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, arcuately narrowed behind the
moderately large but not prominent eyes, the punctures extremely
minute, sparse and indistinct; antennae extending at least to basal third
of the elytra, slender basally, gradually somewhat strongly incrassate
distally, with the joints moderately transverse, closely joined and nar-
rowed but little from their apices to their bases, the second and third
much elongated and equal; prothorax not quite a third wider than long,
convex, the sides very slightly though obviously converging from base
to apex and evenly, moderately arcuate, the base broadly arcuate, the
disk apparently somewhat flattened toward the middle posteriorly;
punctures extremely minute, rather sparse and scarcely observable;
elytra large, wider and much longer than the prothorax, the suture
about a third longer than the median line, the punctures very fine and
feeble, close -set; abdomen much narrower than the elytra, parallel
toward base, gradually and arcuately narrowing in apical half, extremely
minutely, feebly and remotely punctulate, the depressions almost wholly
impunctate. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.88 mm. California (Tehachepi
Pass), — H. F. Wickham disjnncta n. sp.
The extremely minute close-set strigilation of the abdomen
is a feature wholly wanting in Rheochara fenyesi Bernh.,
and in Rheochara nebtdosa, there is, besides the close strong
punctuation, only a feeble coarse reticulation visible toward
the tip of the abdomen. The abdomen is also narrower, in
proportion to the width of the elytra, than in any other genus
of the subtribe known to me. This is in fact a widely isolated
type.
Kbeocharella n. gen.
In this genus the general habitus is nearly as in Rheobioma
and the hind tarsi are similarly extremely slender and filiform
though shorter than the tibiae, with the basal joint much
longer than the last and as long as the next three combined,
but there are so many points of divergence that no other
course seems appropriate but the suggestion of generic separa-
tion. The very slender and acutely rounded process of the
mesosternum extends to the rather strongly produced and nar-
rowly rounded, though much broader metasternal projection,
without trace of the long discontinuity characterizing Rlieo-
182 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
hioma^ and, besides this, the two differ radically in the form
of the abdomen, there being only two basally impressed ter-
gites here, instead of the three of that genus and Rheochara.
The general surface of the abdomen is perfectly smooth and
highly polished, without trace of minute ground sculpture of
any kind. The single known species may be identified by the
following characters: —
Moderately stout, convex, subparallel, strongly shining, piceous-black, the
elytra pale rufo-testaceous, clouded with blackish at the sides in the
vicinity of the apical angles; antennae blackish, the basal joint and legs
throughout pale testaceous; vestiture fine, subdecumbent and some-
what inconspicuous ; head nearly as long as wide, about three -fifths
as wide as the prothorax, extremely minutely, sparsely punctulate; an-
tennae fully as long as the head and prothorax, gradually and strongly
incrassate distally, slender basally, the subapical joints about two-
thirds wider than long, the second and third elongate and equal, the
fourth normal, much shorter and narrower than the fifth; prothorax
about a fifth wider than long, parallel, the sides broadly and evenly
arcuate, the base similarly arcuate, the punctures very fine, rather
sparse and indistinct; elytra somewhat transverse, evidently though
not very greatly wider and longer than the prothorax, the suture equal
in length to the median line, the punctures fine but distinct, rather
close-set; abdomen at base almost as wide as the elytra, gradually nar-
rowing in apical half, parallel toward base, the punctures very fine but
distinct, evenly distributed throughout each tergite though becoming
sparser in the two basal impre8Sions,|ratber close-set toward the abdo-
minal base but becoming excessively sparse toward tip. Length 2.8
mm.; width 0.8 mm. California (Pasadena) fenyesl Bernh.
I owe a representative of this very interesting species to
Dr. A. Fenyes, of Pasadena, in honor of whom it was recently
named by Mr. Bernhauer, (D. Ent. Zeit., 1905, p. 249).
A number of European Aleocharae have been noted from
time to time as occurring in America, besides fuscipes and
nitida before mentioned ; among these are Xenochara puherula^
which has doubtless been confounded with our bipartita,
moerens Gyll., and morion Grav., the last being a very isolated
minute and peculiarly sculptured species with very broad
mesosternal process. Graciliformis Fauv., of the Henshaw
list of 1895, is unknown to me; it is probably a manuscript
name.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 183
Tribe Myrmedoniini.
The genera of this tribe here defined have a certain com-
munity of facies which is rather difficult to characterize rig-
orously, but resulting mainly from the fact that the head and
prothorax are always narrower than the elytra, with the
former strongly constricted at base and the sculpture of the
abdomen more or less sparse, the first two or three tergites
being deeply and conspicuously impressed at base. They are
the genera that range themselves about Gnypeta, Tachyusa
and Falagria. Possibly some European genera placed in
proximity to these three genera in the catalogue of Heyden,
Keitter andWeise, other than those defined in the accompany-
ing tables, should be included, but it is certain that Echid-
noglossa, placed next to Falagria in that work, should be
excluded, as the tarsi are all 5- jointed and Thinonoma
Thom., and Brachyusa Rey, which come after Gnypeta, are
also to be excluded, they having scarcely any points of habital
resemblance. Ischnopoda and Xenusa, however, seem to be
close allies of Gnypeta and are included in the following
table. These genera form two independent subtribes of the
Myrmedoniini as follows: —
Prosternum wholly membraneous under the coxae ; neck only moderately
narrow Tachynsae
Prosternum corneous under the coxae, either wholly or partially; neck very
slender Falagria©
These subtribes both include numerous genera.
Subtribe Tacbyusae.
In delimiting the genera of this subtribe considerable tax-
onomic value is attached to the form of the intermediate
acetabula, whether sharply outlined throughout by a fine
beaded edge — closed, — or having the beaded edge widely
interrupted behind, the bottom of the cavity merging grad-
ually through a continuous convex surface into the meta-
sternum — open. Other characters which are held to be of
184 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
greater or less generic import relate to the degree of separa-
tion of the middle coxae and conformation of the intermeso-
coxal parts. The pronotum, although frequently broadly
impressed along the middle, seldom has any very distinct
trace of the longitudinal groove distinguishing most of the
Falagriae. The genera represented in my cabinet may be
briefly described as follows: —
Middle acetabula complete and closed throughout by a fine beaded edge 2
Middle acetabula broadly open behind 5
2 — Middle coxae well separated, the mesosternal process obtuse 3
Middle coxae approximate, the mesosternal process narrower, some-
times very acute, free 4
3 — Body slender; mesosternal process very short, broadly rounded at tip,
extending only to anteriorthird of the acetabula and on exactly the same
plane as the obtusely truncate tip of the long metasternal projection,
from which it is separated by a very short broad isthmus; prosternum
moderate before the coxae, not extending more than half way to the me-
sosternum, angularly tumid behind, the exposed part separated from
the concealed inner edge by a fine beaded margin, the inner part some-
what produced posteriorly but very broadly rounded ; head small, or-
bicular, the antennae long, the neck not quite one-half as wide; eyes
rather small, not prominent; prothorax narrow, broadly impressed;
elytra depressed, short, prominently elevated along the sides; abdomen
broad, subimpunctate, the first three tergites narrowly and subequally
impressed at base, the impressions sculptureless; legs and antennae
long, the hind tarsi long and slender, filiform, the first joint fully as
long as the next two combined. Pacific Coast of America... Trachyota
Body stouter, nearly as in Meronera; mesosternal process very short and
broad, transversely truncate at tip, not extending quite to anterior third
of the acetabula and separated from the truncate apex of the long wide
metasternal projection by a very short broad isthmus on the same plane
as both the apices; middle coxae widely separated; prosternum unus-
ually developed before the coxae, posteriorly and sharply angulate
between the latter, the very finely aciculate apex extending to the me-
sosternum and finely carinate for a short distance from the tip; head
well developed, arcuato-truccate at base, the eyes large and prominent;
palpi slender, moderate in length, the antennae slender, rather long;
neck unusually narrow, less than a third as wide as the head; pro-
thorax wider than long, obtrapezoldal, strongly and almost evenly con-
vex; elytra evenly convex, not angulate at tip externally; abdomen
parallel, almost as in Gnypeta, the first three tergites rather strongly
but narrowly and subequally impressed at base, the fourth and fifth also
very feebly impressed near the basal margin ; legs and tarsi very slender.
Cuba and Central America ""Neolara
Body usually rather stout but variable in form, the mesosternal process
narrowly rounded, extending to about the middle of the acetabula, very
slightly free and separated from the rounded tip of the metasternal
Casey — Observations on the StapJiylinidae. 185
projection by a short and broad undepressed isthmus, which is however
notably longer than in Traehyota ; prosternum nearly as in that genus
but much shorter before the coxae, the head larger and the eyes much
more developed ; antennae short or long ; neck wide, two-thirds to four-
flfths as wide as the head; prothorax generally transverse, usually more
or less impressed in the middle posteriorly and with a short transverse
impression before the scutellum; elytra not prominent along the sides;
abdomen generally somewhat narrower than the elytra though always
broader than in Tachyusa, with the three basal tergites deeply and
subequally impressed at base; legs moderate, the hind tarsi short, with
the basal joint generally much shorter than the next two combined.
America and Europe Gnypeta
Body rather stout, nearly as in Gnypeta but clothed throughout, including
the legs and tarsi, with extremely fine short pale and subdecumbent
hairs, the basal angles of the prothorax not at all rounded; mesosternal
process not extending quite to the middle of the coxae, strongly nar-
rowed to the broad and arcuato-truncate tip, which attains, on a
slightly different level, the apex of the very elongate broad metasternal
projection ; prosternum before the coxae short, with an obtusely rounded,
short posterior projection; neck three-fourths as wide as the head, the
eyes large and somewhat coarsely faceted; antennae very slender
with the second joint much longer than the third; abdomen broad with
the first three tergites feebly impressed at base; legs long and slender,
the hind tarsi filiform, nearly as long as the tibiae, with the basal joint
somewhat longer than the next two combined, two to four rapidly de-
creasing in length, the fifth very short, the claws slender, arcuate. So-
noran fauna Teliusa
4 _ Form moderately stout, nearly as in Gnypeta throughout ; mesosternal
process extending to the middle of the acetabulaand separated from the
acutely rounded apex of the metasternal projection by a very narrow,
rather long and distinctly depressed isthmus; prosternum short before
the coxae ; head moderate, with well developed and rather prominent
eyes, long antennae and unusually elongate third joint of the maxillary
palpi, the neck broad, fully three-fourths as wide as the head; pro-
thorax, elytra and abdomen as in Gnypeta, the first three tergites broadly,
strongly and subequally impressed at base ; legs longer, the hind tarsi
rather long, slender and filiform, with the basal joint subequal to the
next two combined. Europe *Ischnopoda
Form very slender, convex; mesosternal process extending rather beyond
the middle of the acetabula and just attaining the acutely rounded tip
of the narrow metasternal projection without intervening isthmus;
prosternum short though rather strongly and posteriorly angulate be-
fore the coxae ; head moderate, the antennae slender, the third palpal
joint much longer than the second, the eyes well developed; neck about
three -fifths as wide as the head; prothorax generally somewhat trans-
verse, the elytra well developed, angulate externally at tip; abdomen
very narrow, clavate, with the first three tergites very deeply impressed
at base, the impressions coarsely sculptured and divided on the median
line by a fine carina which joins the raised basal margin; legs long.
186 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
slender, the bind tarsi moderate in length but slender, with the basal
joint about as long as the next two combined; tarsal claws long, equal.
Nearctic and Palaearctic regions Tachynsa
5 — Mesosternal process very finely pointed, free, long, extending rather
beyond the middle of the acetabula and separated from the metasternal
projection by a narrrow unimpressed isthmus 6
Mesosternal process much more abbreviated and broader, not extending to
the middle of the acetabula, free, separated from the metasternal pro-
jection by a short unimpressed isthmus, the middle coxae less approxi-
mate 7
Mesosternal process still shorter, the tip not at all free, broadly rounded
or truncate and separated from the metasternal projection by a short
but depressed isthmus, the coxae more or less widely separated 8
6 — Body rather stout, the prosternum short but strongly and posteriorly
angulate before the coxae ; bead large, truncate at base, the eyes small,
the antennae much elongated, the third palpal joint but little longer
than the second, both unusually elongated; neck rather narrow, about
a third as wide as the bead ; prothorax obtrapezoidal, wider than long,
broadly impressed along the middle, rather acutely but broadly im-
pressed along the median line; elytra normal; abdomen broad, feebly
punctured, the three basal tergites impressed at base, the first more
broadly; legs moderately long, the basal joint of the hind tarsi longer
than the next two combined ; integuments finely, closely sculptured and
dull . Europe *Xenu8a
Body slender, parallel, very small in size, shining and sparsely punctu-
late; connecting isthmus between the intermediate coxae unusually
long, the metasternal projection very short, truncate, the dividing
suture fine; head well developed, truncate at base, the palpi
rather short, normal, the eyes small, the antennae short and stout,
the subapical joints transverse; neck scarcely half as wide as the
head; prothorax wider than long, obtrapezoidal and evenly convex,
transversely impressed before the scatellum; elytra nearly as in
Tachyusa; abdomen parallel and very evidently narrower than the
elytra, the first three tergites rather strongly, subequally impressed
at base; legs slender, the hind tarsi rather long, the basal joint
longer than the next two combined . Pacific Coast of America.
Gnypetella
7 — Form stouter, the size less minute, the integuments extremely mi-
nutely, sparsely punctulate and polished throughout; prosternum
short though strongly and posteriorly angulate; bead moderate,
rounded behind the eyes, the latter well developed and generally
prominent; antennae more or less long and slender; prothorax
wider than long, obtrapezoidal, with the sides more angulate an-
teriorly and thence more sinuate to the base than in Onypeta, but
with the short transverse impression before the scutellum as in that
genus; elytra well developed, convex; abdomen nearly as wide as
the elytra as a rule, with the first three tergites subequally and
narrowly though deeply impressed at base; legs rather long and
Casey — Observations on the iStaphylinidae. 187
slender, the hind tarsi nnusually short, with the basal joint much
shorter than the next two combined. Sonoran fauna of America.
Ealinsa
8— Body nearly as in Neolara though less stout, minute in size; meso-
sternal process extremely short, extending but little beyond anterior
fourth of the acetabula, its tip truncate and separated from the long,
convex, laterally ill-deflned metasternal projection by a short flat
isthmus, which extends obliquely in plane from the depressed apex
of the metasternum to the tip of the mesosttrnum; presternum well
developed before the coxae, extending about three-fourths the way
to the mesosternum, its tip obtuse and subparabolic ; head well
developed, arcuato-truncate at base, the palpi slender; antennae
rather long, incrassate toward tip; eyes somewhat small but prom-
inent; neck less than a^third as wide as the head; prothorax wider
than long, obtrapezoidal, strongly and almost evenly convex, not
impressed in the middle before the base; elytra not angulate ex-
ternally at tip; abdomen rather broad, parallel, the first three ter-
gites rather narrowly and not strongly impressed at base; legs
slender, the hind tarsi very slender, filiform, with the basal joint
much elongated and about equal to the next two combined. America
and Mexico. \^=Merona \\ Shp.] Meronera
Body somewhat as in Tachyusa but stouter; middle coxae still more
widely separated than in Meronera, the mesosternal process very broadly
arcuato-truncate at tip, extending to about anterior two-fifths of the
acetabula, separated from the broad, anteriorly and gradually de-
pressed, parallel, transversely convex and laterally ill-defined me-
tasternal projection by a short and very wide isthmus inclining up-
ward from the tip of the latter to the mesosternum, the entire
structure somewhat as in Meronera\ prosternum moderate before
the coxae, broadly rounded posteriorly; head well developed,
rounded behind, the palpi long and herissate, the eyes large and
prominent; antennae moderately long, slender, slightly incrassate
distally; neck distinctly less than half as wide as the head; pro-
thorax not transverse, obtrapezoidal, convex, broadly, obsoletely
impressed along the middle; elytra well developed, angulate exter-
nally at tip; abdomen much narrower than the elytra, subclaviform, the
three basal tergites strongly and broadly impressed and coarsely
sculptured at base as in Tachyusa, except that the impressions have
no trace of medial carina; legs long, the hind tarsi very long, sub-
equal in length to the tibiae, with the basal joint rather longer than
the next two combined. South Africa "'Amanota
The apparent mutual affinities of the various genera are
not very well brought out in the above table, and it is
rather difficult to indicate this in the linear succession ne-
cessitated by a tabular arrangement. Their mutual rela-
tionships may be more readily appreciated by the following
diagram, where the various groups are connected by lines
188
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
representing bonds of affinity;
quently defined are in brackets : —
subgenera to be subse-
Trachyota
Neolara^
Meronera'
Etdiiisa
Ischnopoda
Qnypetella Gnypeta-
^(^Gnypetoma)
Xenusa'
\
Tdixt^sa
Tachyusa
( Tachyusilla)
( Tachyusota)
^Amanota '
The European genera Borhoropoi^a Kr., and Mataris
Fauv., are not represented in tiie material before me at
present and it is therefore impossible to advance any useful
suggestions as to their proper place in the series. The
genus Euliusa may be rather closely allied to Rechota Shp.,
but is probably not the same, and it is possible that the
Gnypeta mexicana, of Sharp, may be a Euliusa. The for-
eign genera indicated above may be referred to as follows: —
Neolara Shp. — This name was recently proposed by Dr.
Sharp for a small species resembling Meronera somewhat in
external features, but differing in having the middle coxae
still more widely separated, their acetabula defined through-
out by an extremely fine but continuous bead and in having
the prosternum much more developed between the coxae,
with its apex drawn out and extremely acute. The follow-
ing species may be assigned provisionally to the genus.
Rather stout, subparallel, only moderately convex, shining, pale piceo-
testaceous in color, the abdomen more blackish, the antennae infuscate
toward tip; head much wider than long with the hind angles rounded,
minutely, rather sparsely punctate; antennae slender, extending to the
middle of the elytra, gradually, rather feebly incrassate toward tip, the
basal joint much longer than the second or third, the latter both elong-
ate; prothorax barely as wide as the head, about a fourth wider than
long, the sides strongly rounded and subprorainent at apical third,
thence converging and nearly straight to the broadly arcuato -truncate
base, the angles obtuse and rounded; surface strongly convex, nar-
rowly and very obsoletely impressed along the median line behind the
middle, the punctures fine but close-set; elytra transverse, one-half
wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the punctures somewhat
finer than those of the prothorax and less close-set, the surface paler
toward the humeri and broadly along the entire apex ; abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides, very min-
ntely and rather closely punctulate, the basal impressions wholly im-
punctate; pubescence throughout short and inconspicuous; sixth ventral
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 189
very broadly, evenly arcuato-truncate at tip in the unique type. Length
2.2 mm.; width 0.7 ram. Cuba (8ahia Honda), — H. F. Wickham.
cnbana n. sp.
The hind tarsi are missing in my only representative, but
they probably do not depart greatly from the prevailing
type in Meronera.
IscHNOPODA Thoms. — The general facies in this genus is
almost wholly similar to that of Gnypeta, but the middle
coxae are very much more approximate and there are certain
other differences, notably in the tarsi and palpi, which ap-
parently indicate its validity. The diagnosis in the table was
taken from the species described by Erichson under the specific
name umbratica.
Xenusa Key. — This is considered by the authorities of the
most recent European catalogue to be a subgenus of Myr-
mecopora Saulcy, but I have never studied that genus, and
therefore can form no opinion at present; Ilyusa, however,
seems to be slightly different from Xenusa. Xenusa is cer-
tainly an isolated type of the subtribe and the two examples
of uvida Er., before me, exhibit certain subspecific differ-
ences. One of them was collected in the south of France
and the other in the Island of Corsica, the latter being rather
less stout, with notably smaller head and prothorax and some-
what shorter antennae. These divergencies have been brought
about in the insular form by reason of isolation undoubtedly,
but the time through which this agency has been acting is of
course unknown.
Amanota n. gen. — The type of this genus exhibits a re-
markable combination of structural features characterizing
other genera, but is, at the same time, an undoubtedly isolated
species. The abdomen and elytra are strongly remindful of
Tachyusa^ and, the prothorax, of the genera allied to Myr-
mecopora, but the open middle acetabula, very widely separated
coxae and long tarsi are characters quite unknown in those
genera. The single species may be readily identified from the
following description: —
Form rather stout, dark piceous -brown in color, the head and posterior
parts of the abdomen blackish ; legs and antennae paler, castaneous,
190 Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.
the abdomen toward base still paler and rufo-testaceous ; head
orbicular, rather shining, finely, somewhat closely punctured, feebly,
impressed along the middle; antennae with the first three joints
elongate and subequal in length; prothorax as long as wide, not
quite as wide as the head, opaque, the punctures coarser than those
of the head and closely crowded; sides at apical third prominently
subangulate, thence moderately converging and feebly sinuate to the
broadly arcuate base; disk very feebly impressed along the median
line except toward apex; elytra large, wider than long, four-fifths
wider and nearly a third longer than the prothorax, highly polished,
submetallic in lustre, very minutely, evenly and not very closely
punctulate; abdomen finely, rather sparsely punctulate, coarsely
and densely punctured in the depressions, the surface posteriorly
more closely and somewhat more strongly punctulate; sixth ventral
feebly sinuato-truncate at tip in the male, rounded in the female.
Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.72 mm. South Africa (Wellington).
capensis n. sp.
The abdomen, though as highly polished as the elytra, is
less metallic in lustre ; it is less elongate and stouter than
in Tachyusa and only feebly narrowed toward base. The
pubescence throughout is very short and inconspicuous.
Tracbyota n. gen.
The type of this genus is a singularly isolated species
described by LeConte under the name Falagria cavipennis.
Its narrow head and prothorax, when contrasted with the
hind body, long antennae, wide but very short, concave
elytra, having peculiarly coarse rough punctures and ele-
vated side margins, with the unusually full abdomen, are
features imparting a facies wholly different from that of
any other genus of the Tachyusae. Besides this type a sec-
ond species was discovered several years ago by Mr. H. C.
Fall, which it gives pleasure to make known at the present
opportunity. The two species may be distinguished as
follows : —
Form moderately slender, shining, subglabrous, the head and abdomen
black; prothorax blackish-piceous, the elytra paler, piceo-testaceous;
legs and antennae pale, the latter infuscate toward tip; head and
pronotum very finely, remotely and subasperately punctulate;
elytra coarsely, not densely, evenly punctured, the punctures very
strongly asperate; abdomen extremely finely and remotely punctu-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 191
late, the impressions wholly impunctate; head as long as wide, the
antennae fully three-fifths as long as the body, with all the joints
elongate, the first and third subequal in length and longer than the
second, the outer joints gradually slightly thicker and unusually
narrowed from their apices to their bases; prothorax rather longer
than wide, as wide as the head, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly,
becoming gradually and feebly convergent thence to the base, which
is arcuato-truncate; surface convex, very broadly and moderately
concave along the middle except toward apex; elytra transverse,
fully four-fifths wider than the prothorax but not quite as long, not
angulate externally at tip, the latter broadly eraarginate at the
suture, the sides acutely elevated, the disk concave along the
margin; abdomen large and elongate, parallel, with the sides some-
what arcuate, rather wider than the elytra; legs long and slender.
Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.68 mm. California caripeuiiis Lee.
Form very slender, shining, subglabrous, pale rufo -testaceous through-
out the body, legs and antennae, the abdomen with a large blackish
subapical cloud ; head very small, including the mandibles slightly
elongate, the antennae very slender, nearly as in cavipennis but less
enlarged toward tip; prothorax somewhat longer than wide, dis-
tinctly wider than the head, together with the latter very finely,
sparsely and asperulately punctate, the sides strongly rounded
anteriorly, thence distinctly converging to the truncate base, the
angles obtusely rounded; surface narrowly and extremely obsoletely
impressed along the median line except anteriorly, also transversely
and arcuately impressed toward the middle before the basal margin;
elytra small, transverse, much shorter than the prothorax and scarcely
more than a third wider, the sides rounding toward base, the lateral
margins strongly elevated, the adjoining surface concave, more broadly
behind, the punctures very strongly asperate, moderately close-set, be-
coming feeble or subobsolete postero -externally; scutellum large,
broad, prominently elevated though but slightly convex; abdomen at
base as wide as the elytra, in the middle more than a fourth wider, the
gides parallel and strongly arcuate, the surface minutely, very remotely
punctulate throughout; legs slender. Length 2.8 mm.; width of abdo-
men 7.2 mm. California (Pomona) latiyentris n.sp.
The male sexual characters in cavipennis consist of a strong
tubercle at the centre of the first tergite and a posteriorly
inclined spiniform tubercle near the extreme tip of the fifth,
its apex projecting beyond the segmental apex ; the sixth ven-
tral is obscured in the only male before me. Lativentris is
represented thus far in my collection by the female only.
Each of the strongly asperate tuberculiform punctures of the
elytra bears a short stiff inclined seta. It is probable that
the species of Trachyota are associated in some way with
ants, though I have no records from Mr. Fall on this subject.
192 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
Gnypeta Thorns.
The European fauna appears to include but three members
of this genus, thus contrasting greatly with the American
which is very rich, not only in species of Gnypeta but in sev-
eral allied genera as well. In some more elongate and slender
forms it seems to make a rather close approach to Tachyusa^
to which genus a number of its species were originally as-
signed, but the resemblance is more apparent than real. The
very narrow claviform abdomen and strongly angulate exter-
nal tips of the elytra will readily distinguish the true Tach-
yusa from any Gnypeta, without referring at all to the very
approximate coxae and acute mesosternal process, which, in
Gnypeta, is always broader. In Gnypeta the apices of the
elytra are never more than feebly oblique or moderately angu-
late at the sides externally, and, even when the basal impres-
sions of the abdomen are strong, they are never medially
carinate as they are in Tachyusa. The antennae are almost
as diversified in length and thickness as in the genus Aleo-
chara, enabling us to suggest a very convenient primary divis-
ion among the numerous species. The general sculpture is
fine but much less so as a rule than in the allied genus Euliusa,
of the Sonoran fauna, and is usually much denser, frequently
giving the integuments a duller appearance and the color is
almost universally deep black, contrasting with the equally
prevailing pale coloration of that genus. The twenty-two
species represented in my cabinet can probably be identified
through the following outline descriptions : —
Antennae short, although generally somewhat longer than the head and
prothorax together 2
Antennae longer, always very much longer than the head and prothorax;
apex of the elytra moderately angulate posteriorly at the sides .8
2 Antennae evidently longer than than the head and prothorax, the sub-
apical joints never more than slightly wider than long; basal impres-
sions of the abdomen more or less sparsely punctured or subimpunctate ;
species of the carbonaria type 3
Antennae not longer than the head and prothorax, more compact and in-
crassate distally, the subapical joints strongly transverse; basal im-
pressions of the abdomen coarsely and densely punctured 7
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 198
3 — Basal impressions of the abdomen more or iess coarsely and distinctly
punctured 4
Basal impressions feebly and indistinctly punctured or apparently impunc-
tate 5
4 — Form stout, convex, parallel, shining, deep black throughout the body,
antennae and legs, the latter rufo-piceous distally; pubescence fine,
moderate in length, decumbent, rather sparse but dark gray and dis-
tinct ; head well developed, wider than long, abruptly narrowed at base,
finely, rather closely punctate, with a large and oval, median impunc-
tate depression ; antennae extending to about basal third of the elytra,
the second and third joints elongate and equal, the tenth almost as
long as wide; neck four-fifths as wide as the head; prothorax short,
slightly wider than the head, more than a fourth wider than long, the
sides moderately prominent at apical third, thence feebly converging to
the base; surface broadly, evenly convex, minutely, not closely and
inconspicuously punctulate, with two very approximate coarse punct-
ures in a short transverse impression just before the base; elytra well
developed, parallel, wider than long with well marked humeri, a third
wider and one-half longer than the prothorax, broadly, feebly sinuate
toward the sides at tip, minutely, not densely and inconspicuously
punctulate; abdomen almost as wide as the elytra, parallel, the border
thick but rapidly thinner on the fifth segment, the punctures minute and
rather close-set but inconspicuous, the three basal impressions deep
and coarsely but not densely punctate; hind tarsi short, the first three
joints rapidly decreasing in length. Length 2.9 mm. ; width 0.78 mm.
Montana (Kalispell), — H. F. Wickham Iieleuae n. sp.
Form nearly similar to the preceding, much smaller, shining, black, the
elytra very dark, the entire legs paler, castaneous; antennae blackish-
piceous; punctures minute and somewhat close-set throughout, the
vestiture short and not very conspicuous; head and antennae nearly as
in helenae, the second joint of the latter rather longer and thicker than
the third; middle of the vertex with a smaller, deep, rounded and im-
punctate impression; prothorax nearly similar but relatively somewhat
smaller, scarcely wider than the head, unimpressed, the two basal
foveae similarly well marked; elytra more elongate, but slightly trans-
verse, similarly impressed on the suture toward base and with widely
exposed humeri, one-half wider and longer than the prothorax; abdomen
parallel, narrower than the elytra, the punctures rather stronger than
in helenae and equally close-set ; legs rather short and stout, the hind
tarsi fully three-fourths as long as the tibiae, with the first joint
shorter than the next two combined, the bristling setae long. Length
2.3 mm. ; width 0.68 mm. Arizona (Benson),— G. W. Dunn.
deserticola n. sp.
Form subparalleland rather stout, shining, finely, closely punctulate through-
oat but especially on the abdomen, the pubesceuce not conspicuous
black, the elytra feebly picescent, the legs piceous, gradually paler
distally, the antennae blackish, scarcely paler toward base; head nearly
as long as wide, broadly rounded behind at the sides, the eyes moder-
ate, the vertex broadly, feebly and indefinitely impressed; antennae
gradually and rather strongly incrassate distally, the second joint
UK Trann. Acad. Sri. of iSl.. l/ouis.
ohvloiiHly loiiKor Iml, Hciircoly thicker Mum tlio l.lilrd, l.lir two or MinMi
Hiilxiplnil jolnl.H rvliloiiUy wliltM' Mian Ioiik; |)i'oMi(>nix fully n dflli
Wli1<>r Miiiti loiit:, Mll;;liMy wiil'M' l.liiiii Mi(< IicikI, t.lin nMoh Uroadly roiiiKliMl
lit iiph'iil lihlnl, I.Ikiiko iiiudtiriil.tOy i-i>iivnr{{iii^ iiinl Hl.i'til|{lit to Ui(> l>iiHfil
an^loH, Mu^ HiiiTii.<'(i wlMi ii Hiniill and roohlo, lifinsvi^rHn find ohMolntrly
l)ifovo(diit,o inipt'oHMton linrorc^ Mii> Hc.nt.ojhini ; olyliii diMl.liicl.ly l.ranM-
vtn'Ho, t,wo lirUiH wid<M° and loiii^or Mum l.lio proMiorax, iniproHHod on
i\w Hutunt jml. hohind Mnt Nc.ntioiliini, Mio hnniorl inodoruloly (<x|>OHod
nl baian; abdoinini pai'all«d, dlHtlncMy narrownr Mian Mio nlylrn, Mio
puiictiircH of Mm hiiHal linprosRlonN raMuu* wnll HoparaUid; lia«al j<»ln(. of
Mio hind larHl nll^liMy HliorUtr Mian Mio noxt, t,wo roinbliind. liOn|j;M)
2.'Juini.; width O.C.I nun. ('iillfnniia (roinona), — II. ('. Kiill.
|Miii('liila(a n. m|i.
Form loMM Hi. (Mil., inori^ doproMHiMi and Iohm HJilnln^, Mioti^h colurod an In
hrlciiar, t.lio piiti('t.ur(<.'^ Miroiii^hoiit, raMi<M' IIik^ linl. dii(<p and voiy (Iomii-
Hid, on l.ho al)doni«n Nc.iu'ctijy HiniilliM' lint, iniicli Ickm approxliiial.x, Mh^
latlor inoi'o Nhliiiii^; luiad iiiod(<riil.n, Hll^hMy wldiu'lhan lon^, MiiMmmmmI
and Hcafcoly vlwlbly IinproHrttid toward Mio inlddio, Mio anl.oniiao noiiio-
wliat. loPN olon^ato Mian In hnUnae, wlMi Mio pttujond joint, ovIdtniMy
loii^or and Honnnvhat. Milokor than Miu Miird, i\w oiit.tu' jotiilH obU'apo-
7,oldal, t,l\<< truth rathor diHt.liicl.ly wldor Mian lon^; prot,liorax ovIdoiiMy
wld<<r t.htiii t.lin hoad, thi< ont.liiio nivii'ly as In hrlrnnc, Mio Hiiir.'K'o vory
Hnoly, n^cbiy lnipritHH(<d aloim t.ho iii(<diaii lino (U('(>pt towiird Mp, wIMi a
Mlioi't. d<<op t.i'anr«v(W'Ho iinpr<<MHloii iK^fitro Mio NcuLillnin ; olytia lar^o,
Hli>',lit,iy t.iMiiHVcrHo, parallel, t \v<»-llfl.liM wldor and fully oiio half longer
Mian Mio pndliorax; abdonion paralUd, vory dl.sMiicMy iiarrowor Mian
Mio olytra, Mio banal linproMHloiiM diHMiiclly and Hoiiiowlial coarKoiy but,
not vory oloHtdy puiiot.atio; lojfM rat,lior Htout., t,lio hind t.arMi Hliorl,, Mio
basal joint, almost. aH lon({ n» Mio noxt, 1,vvo ooinblnod. li(ni){t,h '.Ml nun.;
width ().(ir> nini. (\'illforiiia (MoiiLcrcy CIi).). | Tiirhi/iina r>rl>r. ('."^y.!.
('rolM'0|Miii('l.atil < Ny.
r» — AhdointMi broad, parallol wlMi Mio HldoH arciial.o, In tlio inlddio in'arly tin
wido nn Mio olyt.ra. ilody Ht.out,, pollnliod, black, Mio olyt,ra f(^obly
lilooHocnI., Mio ant.i'iinao plcooiiH, Mio Io^h pal<^ brownlHli -tostacoouH;
punclur<!H niliiut.o and only modorat.oly rlo,'^oMirou<j;liout,, Mio pnboHoonoo
dark asliy, siiort, tho abdominal HoKmonl,M oiioli with a porrocl frlnno of
lonn ollla as usual; hoad wIMi raMn-r Ht,ron^<u' punot.nros Mian olsowlioro,
fcM'bly flatitoiKMl, wM,h a ,'<niall dr(tp Iniprosslonat tint inlddio, Mio mndlati
lino liroadly iiiipiinclalo tlirou,',*;lioiit, ; nook ratluM' iiioro Mian two-liilrd.s
as wid(<; socoiid ami third ani.oniiiil joints ocpially olonua.l,<<; prol.horax
as In fivlrmu' but. Hiiiiillor and loss t.ransv(<iso, not, widi'r Mian llio hoad,
fcobly IniproMHod alon^; tlio inlddio biiNally and wIMi a sliorl, traiLsvorso
linproNHlDii lii''liidin;{ two lai^o fovoao boforo tlio sfut.tdlum ; olylra mod-
orat.oly Iransvorso with widoly oxiioscd humorl, fully oiio half whior and
a Miird lonn'T Mian t,lio prt)t,liorax; alidomlual ImprossloiiH wholly liii-
pnnot.ato iind hljjlily ixillshod; loyH slondor, Mio hind tarsi two-Milrds an
lon^r as tlio Mbla(>, l.ho basal joint sIlKlitly Hhortor than tlio iioKt (wo
oomblnod. I,(nntli y.!> mm. ; width O.H iniii. Arl/.ona. voiiiraliH n. sp.
Abdonion nearly as In vrtitr<ilii>. Mody nincli smallor, modoraloly stout,
jioHhIioiI, blMcklsli picKons In <'olor; Ii'c.h jialo, the tiiitcimno darit, palor
Caney — ObnervnUotis on the Staph filiuidat, I'T)
(owiinl biiMo; punrlmoH lulnulo iiiitl nillior .spiUHC llnouKhoui, tho
puboHioiico inciniHplcnotiH, loiiKor on t,ho iiltiloincn; liotul i\m lone rh
wido, vory foobly liuproHsod iit. ll>o inldtUo of Iho oorlpnl, pnnilhM nl. llio
nl(U«H, Iho liiiHiil luiiiloMbfoiully rouinlml, tho oyoH ralhor Niuiill ; i\nl<MU>i\o
Hlcmlcr lowiiid baso, Hoiiunvluil, rapidly ttu-rasMsilo illHttilly, tlio Hubaplnil
jolnlH iliHlliicMy wldtM- Mum lonj;; prollionix (Mpial In wbH.li to U\o
lioiul.ft (IflJi oiMixlh wl<b>rtluni lon«, wli>«'Hl, iil, i>l)(»nl, nplnil (lilnl. wlioro
Iho NldoM aro i(>nn(l<'<l and niod«Miil.oly pninilnrnl. thonro dlnHn«M.ly
ronvoi-j^lnji and Homovvhal. Hlnnal.ti to Iho banal an>;b>Pi, lln< Hnrfaro wM.li
a snuill and fooblo MaiiHVtM-.st' InipiivsNion boloro lUc Hrnl.ollnni ; olylra
IranHvorso, l,wo-lUU>« widor llian (.l\r piol.horax Ind only HllKblly
lonjror, M»n luinuM-l widoly oxposrd al. bas«, abdonuni paiallrl wMli
«wt'nly aioual.o sldoM, at, llio mlddlo diHtinctly wider than tho olytra, Iho
thrcr basal IniproHNloiiH rqnal. narrow, deep atul wh(»lly iinpnnrtato.
liongth l.'Jnnn.: width O.Cr. nnn. Klorlda noiidaiiH n. Mp.
Abdonnui al «^vory point dlstlncVly narrowof than the olylra, parallol, with
tho flIdoH Htral^hl or nearly ho ^
(J — Forni rdlhrr Hl,ont, nn)doraloly ronvox, highly pollHliod, (loop blaok
thronnhont, tho antonnao ploo«)nM-l)la(U, tho Io^h |>alor, piooo-toHlaooonrt ,
puno.turoH througliont oxtronudy ndnuto and not (<Iomo H<»t, tlio voni,ll.uro
Hhort, lino and lnronHi)l<MiouM; hoad niodorato, (Inoly, vory foobly lin-
proHHod alonj; tho nuMllan lino, whom tho pnnotnlatlon ftlm> boromos
HnbobHoloto; Hoo.ond and third antonnal jolnl.H otpially (donnalo ; nock
two-thlrdM aH wido; i)rothorax bnroly porcoi)tlbly wIdor than tho hoad
transvorwo, noarly two llftlis wldor than lonu, of Iho nNual form, tho
iilnd anKl<\4 obtUMo lint ind, In Iho loiiHt ronndoil, tho nnrfaco broadly,
ovoniy oonv<>x, only pnnctnlato towiuil til<^ ndddlo and alon^ llio baM«s
olHowhoro linpnno.tato, tho two (i|)proxlinato iniproHMod fovoao boforo
tho Hcutolluni dlHtlncl, othorwlHo wholly nnlinproHHod ; olytniMomowinit,
loHH than ono-hair wldor and lon^or tlnin tho prolhorax, Iniproasod on
tho Hutnro boldnd tho Houtollnni aH nMual; abdonion HparHoly punotnlato,
with thloli bordor ami convox tornltoH, tho banal IniproHHlonH wholly
lmpnmt!U,(^ and pollMhod, oxcoptlnn ii Hparno HorloH of oxironndy obMoloto
p\initiir«u( alon« tho biiHal olovalioiiM; Io^;m modoriitoly nhort, tho hind
tiuHl fully two-thlrdH an lon^ iih tho tibliio, tho biiHal jidntnliort, tho (IrMt
throo docroaHlnti; nnlforndy In loiiKth. lion^th 2.i nun.; wblth 0.7 mm.
MlHHonrl (Kt. LoniH), (J. W. Hook hocUliiiiu n. np.
Form modoraloly Htout, Homowhat do|»roHHod,alntao«onM In luntro, thopiinr.
turoH mlnnto and vciry oloHo-Hid, throuuhont, dooj* black thnMmhont tho
body and aid.onnao; lo^H bbu^klMJi, tho tarMl toHtao,oouH;|pnboHr,ono.o vory
Hhort, InoonHplcnonH; hoad nn)d<(ral<i, o.onvox, vory (Inoly, foobly lin-
l»roHHod iilonj:; tho modbin llmi only for a Hhort dlHtanoo at tho ndddlo
of tho vortox; iinlonniio fully iittalnlni!; bamil third of tlo' olytra, tho
Hooond Joint ratlwu- lonjror tliiui tho third and inoro cylindrical mm UMual;
baHal conHtrlctlon abrupt, tho nock nearly throo-fonrthft an wide; pro-
lhorax unuHually HJiort, much wldor than tho IioikI, nearly ono-lialf
wldor tiuin lon(jj, tho .sldoH nearly Mtralnht and Huliparallel, rounded
nntorlorly, the baHal anKloM obtuHo and not ronmhHl, tho baHo ar<-.uato ;
Hurfaco In-oadly lmpr<iHHod alonn tho nddillo In morn than baHal half,
tho trariHvorHo iinto-biiHal ImpreMHlon fe«ible, with ItH two fovono dirt-
196 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
tinct; elytra about two-fifths wider and nearly one-half longer than the
prothorax, the sutural impression behind the scutellum broad and
feeble; abdomen with the segments feebly convex, the border only
moderately thick, the basal impressions more coarsely punctured but
with the punctures extremely obsolete, so that they appear to be im-
punctate and polished; legs rather short but slender, the hind tarsi fili-
form, two-thirds as long as the tibiae, the basal joint not quite as long
as the next two combined. Male with a small, extremely shallow ,
rounded sinus at the tip of the sixth ventral plate. Length 2.3 mm.;
width 0.65 mm. Manitoba (Winnipeg) manitobae n. sp.
7 — Form narrow, elongate, parallel, convex, moderately shining, castan-
eous, the abdomen blackish posteriorly, the antennae piceous, the legs
testaceous; punctures anteriorly very fine, moderately close, of the
elytra stronger, closer and asperulate, of the abdomen less close and
feebly asperulate ; pubescence rather inconspicuous; head small, with a
very small faint impression at the middle of the vertex; antennae stout,
the second and third joints much less elongate than usual, equal and
each much shorter than the first; prothorax of the usual form, rather
more than a third wider than long, much wider than the head, the sides
converging and nearly straight from anterior third to the base, broadly
rounded anteriorly; surface convex, not evidently impressed along the
median line, the short transverse ante-basal impression confusedly
foveolate; elytra about two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax,
the apical external angulation rather stronger than in the preceding
species, the post-scutellar impression broad and feeble; abdomen
slightly narrowed from apical third to the base but distinctly narrower
than the elytra at every part, the first three tergites more convex,
broadly and deeply impressed at base both dorsally and ventrally, with
the impressions coarsely and closely punctured, the entire conformation
recalling Tachyusa; legs rather long, the hind tarsi three-fourths as
long as the tibiae, the first joint as long as the next two combined; sixth
ventral evenly rounded at tip, broadly in the male. Length 2.4-2.8 mm. ;
width 0.6 mm. British Columbia. (Kamloops and Glenora), — H. F.
Wickham brevicornis n. sp.
8 — Prothorax widest at about apical third as usual, the hind angles obtuse
but distinct and not at all rounded; basal impressions of the abdomen
always coarsely and distinctly punctured 9
Prothorax widest only slightly before the middle, the hind angles narrowly
rounded as well as obtuse; basal impressions of the abdomen virtually
impunctate. [Onypetoma n. subgen.] 19
9 — Species of the Atlantic Coast region 10
Species of the Rocky Mountain regions 11
Species of the Pacific Coast fauna 12
10 — Form only moderately stout, convex, shining, deep black throughout,
the antennae piceous-black, the legs dark piceo-testaceous; punctures
very fine, rather close-set but inconspicuous, equally close but still
finer on the abdomen ; pubescence not conspicuous ; head wider than
long, strongly impressed along the median line at the middle of the
vertex, where the surface becomes subimpunctate, more broadly
anteriorly; eyes large; neck very wide; antennae nearly as long as
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 197
the ante-abdominal part of the body, feebly and gradually incrassate,
the first three joints equal in length, much elongated, the tenth per-
ceptibly longer than wide; prothorax slightly wider than the head, fully
two-fifths wider than long, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence
unusually feebly converging to the base, the surface rather narrowly
and distinctly impressed along the median line except apically and with
a short and very feeble transverse impression before the base, also with
four small rounded impressions forming a very large median quadri-
lateral— perhaps accidental in the type; elytra two-fifths wider and
one- half longer than the prothorax, the humeri only moderately exposed
and rounded, the post-scutellar impression rather small and feeble;
abdomen parallel, much narrower than the elytra, the basal impressions
of the first three tergites wholly impunctate toward the raised basal
margin but with a transverse irregular series of somewhat close-set
coarse punctures posteriorly, the fourth tergite also narrowly impressed
and slightly more coarsely punctate along the basal margin; legs
rather long and slender, the hind tarsi three-fourths as long as the
tibiae, with the first three joints rapidly decreasing in length, the second
and fifth equal. Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Pennsylvania.
l=Tachyusa nig. Lee] uigrella Lee.
Form more depressed, very highly polished, deep blue-blacli throughout,
the legs nearly black with the tarsi paler, the antennae piceous-black;
punctures very fine, rather close-set, inconspicuous, especially on the
abdomen; pubescence very short and indistinct; head nearly as in
nigrella, the eyes smaller and less prominent, the impression broader,
the antennae stouter but less incrassate distally, extending to the mid-
dle of the elytra, the third joint slightly longer than the second and
both much shorter than the stouter fusiform first joint, the tenth barely
as long as wide; prothorax transverse, slightly wider than the head, the
sides broadly subangulate anteriorly, thence moderately converging and
broadly sinuate to the base, the surface unimpressed along the median
line, but with an unusually large wide transverse impression before
the base, the impression confusedly punctulate at each side of the
middle; elytra relatively very large, one-half wider and two-thirds
longer than the prothorax, the humeri widely exposed and rectangular,
the post-scutellar impression large, broad and strong; abdomen very
much narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides, the
teasal impressions coarsely but not very closely punctured and still less
closely toward the basal margins; legs slender, the tarsi nearly as in
nigrella; sixth ventral sharply angulate at tip in the female, the male
HOt known. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.75 mm. New York (Catskill
Mts.) atrolacens Csy.
11 — Body sublinear but somewhat stout, convex, moderately shining,
piceous-black in color, the antennae but little paler though paler
toward base, the legs brown; punctures minute and very close -set
throughout; pubescence very short but dense and distinct; head rather
small, the sides converging and arcuate behind the eyes to the base,
the vertex feebly flattened and broadly less punctate anteriorly, with a
small feeble impression at the middle ; antennae long, stout, strongly
incrassate distally, the third joint much longer than the second and as
198 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
long as the first but thinner, the tenth not quite as long as wide; pro-
thorax unusually elongate, only slightly wider than long, the sides very
obtusely subangulate anteriorly, thence distinctly converging and
straight to the base, the surface strongly impressed along the middle
from before the centre nearly to the base, becoming gradually slightly
wider but without trace of a transverse ante-basal impression ; elytra
moderate, two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri
only moderately exposed and somewhat rounded, the post-scutellar
impression rather narrow and deep; abdomen very distinctly narrower
than the elytra parallel and nearly straight at the sides, very closely,
punctulate, the deep basal impressions with moderately coarse, deep
punctures, which are close-set throughout, but not at all crowded;
legs long and not very slender, the hind tarsi pale, three-fourths as long
as the tibiae, the first joint very nearly as long as the next two com-
bined. Male with a small, broadly angular notch at the apex of the
sixth ventral. Length 2.9-3.1; width 0.7 mm. Utah (Provo") and Mon-
tana (Kalispell),— H. F. Wickham incrassata n. sp.
12 — Abdomen parallel and straight at the sides throughout or virtually
80 18
Abdomen distinctly narrowed from near the apex to the base 14
13 — Head larger, nearly as wide as the prothorax, less narrowed at base, the
neck broader. Form rather stout, strongly convex, shining, black, the
legs and antennae rufo-piceous; punctures very minute and only mod-
erately close-set; pubescence somewhat coarse and distinct; head with
a deep rounded impression at the middle of the vertex; the eyes
moderate; antennae thick but only feebly incrassate distally, the
third joint slightly longer than the second, but not as long as the first
and thinner as usual, the tenth not as long as wide; prothorax only
slightly transverse, a fourth or fifth wider than long, the sides ante-
riorly broadly rounded, thence moderately converging and nearly
straight or less arcuate to the base, the surface, broadly, feebly con-
cave toward the median line, except anteriorly, but without a distinct
ante-basal transverse impression; elytra well developed, nearly one-
half wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri moderately ex-
posed and subrectangular, the post-scutellar impression small and
somewhat feeble; abdomen very much narrower than the elytra, the
deep basal impressions coarsely punctured, the punctures crowded
as in Tachyusa; legs long, rather stout, the hind tarsi with the basal
joint about as long as the next two combined. Length 2.6 mm. ; width
0.68 mm. California (Ojai),— H. 0. Fall leviventrig n. sp.
Head nearly as in the preceding species. Form rather stout, moderately
convex, shining, finely, closely punctulate, the abdomen sparsely so
toward base, black, tbe legs piceous, the antennae brownish- fuscous;
head obviously wider than long, rather abruptly constricted at base
with rounded angles, the eyes at much less than their own length
from the base in the male, scarcely as large in the female, the vertex
with a small, strong and rounded impression in the former, which
becomes much larger in the latter sex, its bottom punctureless and
polished; antennae extending rather beyond the middle of the elytra,
slender, gradually and feebly incrassate distally, the second joint evi-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 199
dently longer than the third, the subapical as long as wide in the
male, rather more elongate in the female, the eleventh pointed and
apparently impressed laterally at apex; prothorax scarcely visibly
"Wider than the head in the male, distinctly so in the female, a fifth
wider than long in the former and fully a fourth in the latter, widest
and broadly rounded at the sides near apical third, the sides thence
feebly converging and almost straight to the base; surface with a
small, transverse and approximately bifoveate impression before the
scutellum in both sexes, the median line finely impressed almost
throughout, very obsoleiely in the female; elytra nearly one-half
wider and longer than the prothorax, feebly impressed behind the
scutellum, the humeri well exposed at base; abdomen parallel and
straight at the sides, distinctly narrower than the elytra, the moderately
coarse punctures of the basal impressions well separated. Malewith the
sixth ventral plate broadly, feebly sinuate in about median third.
Length 8.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Oregon (Portland), — H. F. Wickham.
oregona n. sp.
Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax in the female, probably less
obviously so in the male, the neck broad as in the two preceding spe-
cies. Form moderately stout and convex, polished, the punctures fine
and rather sparse throughout, closer toward the apex of the abdomen,
piceous-black, the elytra somewhat paler; legs dark testaceous, the
antennae blackish ; head transverse, arcuately narrowed at base, the
eyes rather large, the surface concavely impressed along the median
line from near the front to the base of the occiput; antennae extend-
ing beyond the middle of the elytra, slender, feebly incrassate dis-
tally, the second joint distinctly longer than the third, the subapical
scarcely as long as wide, the eleventh pointed and laterally impressed
at tip; prothorax transverse, nearly a third wider than long, of the
usual obtrapezoidal form, the sides rounded at apical third, the disk
having the usual feeble bifoveolate impression before the scutellum;
elytra transverse, two-fifths wider and a third longer than the pro-
thorax, narrowly and briefly impressed on the suture at base, the
humeri moderately exposed and obliquely rounded; abdomen parallel,
distinctly narrower than the elytra, the moderately coarse punctures
of the basal impressions sparse, rather distinct in the first but virtually
obsolete in the third. ifaZe unknown. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.63 mm.
California (Yuma) , impressiceps n. sp.
Head smaller, much narrower than the prothorax, more strongly, arcuately
narrowed to the base or more orbicular, the neck narrower, barely
three -fifths as wide as the head. Form very slender, polished, black,
the abdomen toward base dark, and the legs and antennae pale, rufo-
piceous; punctures rather close-set but minute throughout, the pubes-
cence somewhat inconspicuous; head nearly as long as wide, with a
rounded impression at the middle of the vertex ; antennae distinctly
incrassate distally; prothorax rather more than a fourth wider than
long, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence distinctly converging
and straight to the obtuse but very conspicuous basal angles, the
surface as a rule not impressed along the median line except deeply near
the basal margin, but often broadly and irregularly concave — probably
200 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
accidentally,— without distinct transverse impresssion; elytra well
developed, much wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri
widely exposed but somewhat rounded, the post-scutellar impression
short but rather deep; abdomen slender, very much narrower than
the elytra and about as wide as the prothorax, the basal impressions
coarsely and densely punctured; legs slender, moderately long. Male
with a very small angular sinus, not more than a fourth or fifth as wide
as the segment at the apex of the sixth ventral. Length 3.0 mm. ; width
0.63 mm. California (Mendocino to Pomona). [= Tachyusa lin. Csy.].
linearis Csy.
14_Elytra relatively broader, the humeri widely exposed at base though
obtusely rounded ; general form moderately convex 15
Elytra relatively narrower, the humeri only slightly exposed; form
strongly convex 18
16— Elytra large and well developed, the suture much longer than the pro-
thorax as usual. Form parallel, stouter than in linearis, moderately
shining, piceous-black, the under surface behind the third ventral
blackish; legs pale testaceous, the antennae piceous; pubescence
rather coarse and distinct, the punctures very minute and rather close-
set but sparser on the abdomen; head moderate, obliquely narrowed
behind, the neck rather more than two -thirds as wide, the vertex
with a rather shallow and rounded median impression; antennae
scarcely extending to basal two-fifths of the elytra, the first three
joints subequal in length, the outer joints only feebly incrassate, the
tenth not quite as long as wide; prothorax obviously, though not
greatly, wider than the head, only very slightly wider than long, the
sides very feebly and broadly subangulate at apical two-fifths, thence
distinctly converging to the well-marked basal angles, the surface
convex, scarcely visibly impressed along the middle posteriorly, with a
short feeble transverse ante- basal impression; elytra but slightly trans-
verse, very much wider and longer than the prothorax, the post-scut-
ellar impression deep and slightly elongate; abdomen widest at the
apex of the fourth segment, where it is distinctly narrower than the
elytra, the sides thence feebly converging and straight to the base, the
basal impressions very deep, coarsely and densely punctured, the fourth
tergite also impressed and coarsely punctate at base; legs rather long,
the first three joints of the hind tarsi rapidly decreasing in length.
Male with the angular sinus of the sixth ventral larger and deeper than
in linearis. Length 3.2 mm.; width 0.78 mm. California (Mendocino
Co.). [—Tachyusa exp. Csy.] . . . . = experta Csy.
Elytra much shorter and more strongly transverse, the suture never more
than very slightly longer than the prothorax; form sublinear 16
16 — Prothorax not transverse, hexagonal, not wider than the head. Body
slender, shining, black, the three basal ventrals somewhat paler; legs
pale, the antennae piceous-black; punctures very fine, granuliform,
close-set, the pubescence fine and inconspicuous; head rounded, fully
as long as wide, the eyes rather small; neck but little more than half as
wide; vertex with a very small rounded impression; antennae gradually
and rather strongly incrassate, the second and third joints elongate,
subequal, each somewhat longer than the first, the ninth and tenth
Casey — Observations on the Staphylmidae. 201
slightly transverse; prothorax not distinctly wider than long, the sides
broadly, obtusely angulate at apical third, thence rather strongly con-
verging and nearly straight to the base, the surface with a small trans-
verse bifoveolate impression before the basal margin ; elytra transverse,
fully one-half wider but only about a fourth longer than the prothorax,
the suture scarcely at all longer than the latter, impressed as usual
behind the scutellum; abdomen broadly arcuate at the sides, as wide as
the elytra posteriorly, the basal impressions deep, coarsely and
densely punctured, the fourth tergite also impressed and more coarsely
punctate along the basal margin; three basal joints of the hind tarsi
uniformly and rapidly decreasing in length. Male with the apical mar-
gin of the sixth ventral ciliate and beveled throughout the width, also
sinuate. Length 2.75 mm. ; width 0.58 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.).
cnrtipennign. sp.
Prothorax transverse, rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence distinctly,
rectilinearly narrowing to the base, very much wider than the head.. 17
17 — Body stouter, linear, dark piceous, the abdomen blackish, the three
basal segments paler, moderately shining; legs pale, the antennae fus-
cous, rufous toward base; punctures very small, close-set, granuliform,
the pubescence inconspicuous; head small, rounded, the eyes small,
prominent, the impression of the vertex minute and feeble; antennae
gradually and distinctly incrassate, the second joint much elongated and
longer than the first or third, the outer joints slightly transverse; pro-
thorax about a fourth wider than long, impressed along the middle
from apex to base, the impression gradually increasing in width pos-
teriorly; elytra about two-fifths wider and scarcely a third longer than
the prothorax, the suture about a fourth longer than the latter, impressed
behind the scutellum ; abdomen nearly as in curtipennis but perceptibly
narrower than the elytra even posteriorly, less closely punctulate than
the anterior parts; legs slender, the three basal joints of the hind tarsi
rapidly decreasing in length. Male with a small simple triangular sinu-
ation at the apex of the sixth ventral plate nearly as in curtipennis, about
a third as wide as the segment and three times as wide as deep.
Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.63 mm. Oregon (Lane Co.). abdacens n. sp.
Body more slender, smaller in size, shining, testaceous in color with a
blackish cloud at the abdominal apex; legs and antennae pale, the latter
fuscous toward tip ; punctures minute, subgranuliform and only mod-
erately close -set, the pubescence inconspicuous ; head nearly as in abdu-
cens, the antennae notably longer, extending fully to the middle of the
elytra, the three basal joints as in abducens, the subapical longer, scarcely
wider than long; prothorax nearly similar but with the impression
obsolete behind the apex; elytra not well developed, transverse, about
a third wider but scarcely perceptibly longer than the prothorax, the
suture about equal in length to the latter, the post-scutellar impression
deep and distinct; abdomen narrower, very much narrower than the
elytra at every point, the sides very feebly arcuate, the width only
slightly greater posteriorly, the deep basal impressions densely and
coarsely punctured; legs very slender, the hind tarsi almost four-fifths
as long as the tibiae, with the four basal joints decreasing uniformly
and rapidly in length, the second and fifth subequal; claws long and
very slender as in the preceding; sixth ventral broadly rounded at apex
202 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
in the unique female type, which may be somewhat immature. Length
2.4 mm.; width 0.52 mm. California (^Siskiyou Co.)...shastana n. sp.
18 Form sublinear, strongly convex, somewhat alutaceous, black, the ab-
domen toward base dark, the legs paler, piceo-testaceous, the antennae
piceous; punctures small, granuliform, very close-set, less soon the
head and abdomen; pubescence short and not conspicuous; head small,
rounded, finely, linearly impressed on the median line near the middle
of the vertex, the eyes moderate, not prominent; antenoae long and
stout, gradually and rather strongly incrassate distally, the first three
joints subequal, the second slightly the longest, the first stouter as
usual, the tenth about as long as wide; prothorax large, convex, only
very slightly wider than long, much wider than the head, the sides very
broadly arcuate, becoming straight and convergent toward base, the
surface broadly and strongly impressed along the middle except toward
tip; elytra but little wider than long, about a fourth wider and a fifth
longer than the prothorax, with a large and broadly impressed area
behind the scutellum; abdomen posteriorly broadly arcuate at the sides
and as wide as the elytra, narrowed only slightly toward base, the three
basal depressions deep and coarsely, densely punctate ; legs long and
rather stout, the hind tarsi with the basal ioints diminishing in length
as usual. Male sexual characters feeble, the fifth ventral with a very
feeble sinuation in median seventh or eighth, the sixih narrow, sinuato-
truncate at tip. Length 2.8 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. California (Sonoma
Co.). l=Tachyusa har. Csy.] harfordi Csy.
Subgenus Gnypetoma Csy.
19 Form sublinear, strongly convex, highly polished, blackish-piceous, the
basal ventrals dark, the legs and antennae pale, testaceous; punctures
extremely minute, only moderately close -set and asperulale on the
pronotum and elytra, largely obsolete on the head, except toward the
sides and base, and sparse on the abdomen ; vestiture inconspicuous ;
head moderate, rounded, the eyes not prominent, the vertex scarcely
impressed, the maxillary palpi loug, glabrous but herissate with stiff
suberect setae; antennae unusually developed, slender, gradually and
strongly incrassate distally, the second and third joints much elongated,
equal, each somewhat longer than the first, the tenth about as long as
wide; prothorax only just visibly wider than long and but little wider
than the head, unusually narrowed anteriorly, rounded at the sides,
strongly convex , with a strong elongate-triangular depression before
the basal margin; elytra two-fifths wider and a fourth longer than the
prothorax, the humeri rather well exposed, the suture only obsoletely
impressed at base; abdomen toward tip broadly arcuate at the sides
and somewhat wider than the elytra, the sides distinctly converging
toward base, where it is but slightly narrower than the elytra, the
basal impressions of the first three tergites narrow, very deep, subequal
and impunctate; legs rather long and slender, the hind tarsi very short,
but little more than half as long as the tibiae, the basal joint subequal
to the next two combined. Male with the sixth ventral broad, 'with a
broad and feeble sinuation toward the middle at apex. Length 2.7
mm. ; width 0.7 mm. New Jersey (Elizabeth). l=Tachyusa bait. Lee],
baltifera Lee.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 203
The material in my cabinet is not sufficiently extensive to
enable me to make a thoroughly satisfactory investigation of
the somewhat varied male sexual characters of this genus,
which, not only in this respect but in general structure and
habitus, is rather heterogeneous. Most of the species of the
table resembling the typical carbonaria^ are described from
uniques and they all have the sixth ventral rounded at tip,
but whether they are all females or whether the male in
typical Gnypeta lacks the apical sinus of the elongate forms
having more developed antennae and sometimes having the
first four abdominal tergites impressed at base, is unknown to
me at present. There are some special characters as well,
for example the female of atrolucens, which is also aberrant
in general appearance, has the sixth ventral plate sharply
angulate at tip, this being the only instance known as yet.
Some of the species strongly recall Tachyusa in general
appearance and I have but little doubt that, when the very
numerous species still to be discovered can be fully studied,
the genus as above constituted will be divided into a number
of generic or subgeneric groups. It seems scarcely worth
while to point out more than one of these at present, but the
characters of the species identified above as baltifera Lee,
from description alone, seem to warrant the erection of a
special subgenus because of the form of the prothorax and
especially the rounded hind angles of the latter.
Teliusa n. gen.
The single type of this genus, while resembling a normal
Gnypeta somewhat in general outline, differs very greatly in
facies because of the fine dense sculpture and the dense vesti-
ture of very short fine pale hairs, clothing the entire body,
legs and antennae, so that a satisfactory examination of the
tarsal joints is a matter of some difficulty; it may be described
as follows : —
Form rather stout and convex, pale rufo -testaceous in color, the head black-
ish, the elytra somewhat clouded except toward the apex and near the
humeri ; posterior segments of the abdomen black, the legs and anten-
nae pale, the latter somewhat feebly infumate distally; entire body
204 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
extremely minutely and densely asperulato-punctate, the abdomen
particularly densely so, dull in lustre, the head rather less densely
sculptured and more shining; head fully as long as wide, the eyes large
and rather convex, the tempora short behind them; surface very feebly
impressed along the median line of the vertex; antennae very long and
slender, extending rather beyond the tips of the elytra, very feebly in-
crassate distally, the joints elongate, the three penultimate as long as
wide, the eleventh slender, as long as the two preceding combined;
prothorax scarcely visibly wider than the head and very slightly wider
than long, widest at apical third, where the sides are broadly rounded,
thenceJeebly convergentand straight to the base, which is feebly arcuate ;
surface obsoletely impressed along the median line almost through-
out, not at all transversely impressed before the scutellum; elytra
two-fifths wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the humeri
somewhat exposed at base, rounded; abdomen not quite as wide as the
elytra, parallel, with evenly and conspicuously arcuate sides, the tergi tea
flat; legs lojg and slender. Length 2,0 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. Texas
(Brownsville), — H. F. Wickham aintacea n. sp.
The sixth ventral of the male appears to be very broadly
and feebly bilobed at tip.
Tachyusa Erich s.
The approximation to this genus in general appearance
made by certain forms of Gnypeta, especially the slender and
sublinear species of the abducens type, has been alluded to
above. The species here assigned to Tachyusa are perfectly
homogeneous, however, and may be distinguished from any
G-Jiypeta, even those in which the abdomen is posteriorly di-
lated, by the more approximate middle coxae and the more
slender and generally very acutely pointed, though equally
free, mesosternal process attaining the metasternal projection
or virtually so, the intervening depressed isthmus of Gnypeta
being obsolete or extremely short. They are also distinct
from that genus in their more attenuate form and especially
by the relatively more slender claviform abdomen, in which the
deep basal impressions of the first three tergites are arcuate
and not straight and are carinate in the middle, the carina
joining the elevated basal margin through a posteriorly pro-
jecting cusp which I have never noticed in Gnypeta; the de-
pressions are always very coarsely punctate and so densely so
that the intervals are acutely elevated, forming short longi-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 203
tudinal ridges. The medial carina is, however, obsolete in
certain forms indicated below as subgenera of Tachyusa for
present convenience. The eyes are well developed, the an-
tennae long, gradually incrassate distally, the neck rather
wide, the prothorax obtrapezoidal, wider than long, with the
hind angles more than right but always very distinct and not
in the least blunt. The elytra are well developed, each ob-
lique at tip, the external sides strongly projecting posteriorly,
forming a strong sublateral sinus and the legs are long and
slender. The sexual characters are remarkable, the pronotum
in the male being evenly convex or nearly so, while in the
female it is generally broadly and strongly impressed along
the middle, and, besides, is frequently more opaque, due to
a minute reticulation which may not appear at all in the male ;
the latter sex has the sixth ventral plate minutely and angu-
larly to feebly and broadly sinuate at tip as in Gnypeta. The
homogeneity of the genus renders a satisfactory tabular state-
ment of the differential characters much more difficult than
in Gnypeta, but it is hoped that the following table may aid
in the identification of the rather numerous species : —
Abdomen highly polished, extremely remotely and rather les^"- Ij punc-
tulate; mesostemal process wider than usual, truncate or rounded at
tip but attaining the metasternum 2
Abdomen minutely and closely punctulate, alutaceous or pruinose; species
smaller 3
2— Antennae very slender, only very feebly incrassate distally. Body stouter
than usual, polished, piceous-black, the legs and antennae blackish, the
tarsi paler, the basal ventrals somewhat rufescent; vestlture inconspic-
uous; head well developed, orbicular, minutely, sparsely punctate, the
vertex broadly impunctate and feebly concave toward the middle; an-
tennae extending to the tips of the elytra, the second and third joints
much elongated, the latter rather longer than the flrst, the tenth dis-
tinctly elongate; prothorax only very slightly transverse and evidently
wider than the head, scarcely a fifth wider than long, the sides narrowly
rounded anteriorly, thence moderately converging and almost straight
to the base, the surface finely, granularly and somewhat closely punc-
tured, not reticulate, broadly concave along the median line in the fe-
male, very narrowly and obsoletely so in the male; elytra about two-
fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri moderately ex-
posed, the suture not impressed behind the scutellum, the punctures fine,
not close-set and asperulate; abdomen highly polished; hind tarsi about
two-thirds as long as the tibiae, the basal joint not as long as the next
two combined ; sixth ventral of the female broadly rounded, very feebly
206 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
sinuato- truncate in the male. Length 2.7-3.2 ram.; width 0.65 mm.
New York (Catskill Mts.), — H. H. Smith sniithi n. sp.
Antennae slender toward base but rather strongly incrassate toward tip.
Form more elongate and slender than in smithi, shining, testaceous,
the head piceous, the abdomen black posteriorly; legs testaceous, the
antennae fuscous, paler basally; pubescence inconspicuous; head orbic-
ular, minutely, sparsely punctulate, the vertex very broadly impunctate
but scarcely impressed; antennae extending fully to the tips of the elytra
or further, very slender but rather rapidly and strongly incrassate dis-
tally, the tenth joint not quite as long as wide; prothorax only very
slightly wider than long, not wider than the head, the sides more broadly
rounded anteriorly and less converging thence to the base than in
smithi, the minute punctures granuliform and rather close-set basally,
finer and sparser anteriorly, the surface broadly concave along the
median line, a transversely arcuate series of larger punctures before the
base generally distinct; elytra nearly as long as wide,two -fifths wider
and longer than the prothorax, the sides parallel and broadly arcuate as
usual; humeri rather well exposed, the punctures as in smithi, fine, as-
perulate and sparse, almost wanting toward apex; hind tarsi nearly
as in smithi though still shorter; sixth ventral of the female broadly
roundedbehind, the male not at hand. Length 2.65 mm. ; width 0.53 mm.
Virginia. . . gracillima Lee.
S — Species of the Atlantic regions 4
Species of the Sonoran fauna 11
Species of the Pacific coast fauna 12
4 — Vestiture abundant, more or less distinct and moderately pale but
scarcely giving a pruinose effect on the aLdomen, the latter rather
strongly shining 5
Vestiture very dense, pale ashy, giving a strongly pruinose effect even on the
abdomen; legs and basal joint of the antennae pale honey-yellow, the
antennae fuscous, paler toward base 10
5 — Legs piceous with the tarsi pale yellow, less minute in size, the prono-
tum of the female not concave along the middle. Very slender, convex,
shining, blackish-piceous, the two basal ventrals paler and dark rufous,
the antennae fusco-rufous; vestiture moderately distinct; head sub-
orbicular, rather abruptly narrowed at base, finely closely punctulate,
the front broadly, feebly concave and subimpunctate; antennae not quite
extending to the tips of the elytra, rather slender, feebly incrassate dis-
tally, the second joint longer than the third, the tenth as long as wide in
the male, longer in the female; prothorax very nearly as long as wide,
distinctly wider than the head, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly,
thence very distinctly converging and nearly straight to the base, the
surface strongly convex, broadly, feebly flattened along the middle,
finely but closely, granularly and equally punctulate throughout in the
female, evenly convex but feebly, transversely impressed before the
base, with the punctulation finer, less dense and only distinctly granu-
lose toward base in the male, the intervals smooth in both sexes; elytra
about two-fifths wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the sides
parallel and arcuate, the punctures asperulate, minute and rather sparse,
the humeri narrowly exposed at base; hind tarsi slender, the basal joint
Casey — Observations on the StapTiylinidae. 207
about as long as the next two combined in the male, the first four
evenly decreasing in the female ; sixth ventral of the male feebly sinuato-
truncate, rounded in the female. Length 2.8 mm.; v?idth 0.48 mm.
New York (Ithaca and Catskill Mts.), Pennsylvania and Iowa.
americaua n. sp.
Legs clear honey-yellow throughout, smaller species, the pronotum in the
female generally distinctly impressed along the median line ... 6
6 — Form very slender, more convex, the prothorax only very slightly wider
than long, broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly and very distinctly
narrowed thence to the base. Body blackish-piceous in color, the abdo-
men blacker, with the two basal segments rufous ; antennae pale, fuscous
toward tip. Male with the integuments polished and free from reticu-
lation throughout; head finely punctulate throughout, not evidently
impressed, rather abruptly constricted at the base, the antennae much
shorter than usual, scarcely extending to basal third of the elytra,
somewhat thick but only moderately incrassate distally, the second
joint much longer than the third, the tenth barely as long as wide; pro-
thorax very slightly wider than the head, convex, poli^hed, minutely
and closely punctulate, narrowly and very feebly, obsoletely impressed
along the median line behind the middle; elytra nearly as long as wide,
a third wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, finely, asper-
ately and rather closely punctulate, with very narrowly exposed humeri;
tarsi slender, the basal joint of the posterior as long as the next two
combined; sixth ventral with a small angular emargination about twice
as wide as deep. Female throughout proportioned nearly as in the
male but with the surface of the head and pronotum very minutely,
strongly reticulate and dull, the head somewhat deeply concave at the
middle of the vertex, the pronotum very deeply and broadly concave
along the median line throughout, the punctures of the impressed area
very minute and only moderately close, those outside of the impression
strongly asperate and dense; sixth ventral rounded at tip. Length 2.2
mm.; width 0.45 mm. North Carolina (Asheville) carolinae n. sp.
Form less slender, the prothorax distinctly wider than long, broadly
rounded at the sides anteriorly but only very slightly narrowed thence
to the base, the s?ides just visibly converging 7
7 — Head moderately developed, only slightly narrower than the pro-
thorax 8
Head small, much narrower than the prothorax 9
8 — Color rufo-piceous, the abdomen black, the two basal segments rufous;
antennae pale, slightly infuscate apically ; integuments in the male pol-
ished and frea from micro-reticulation throughout; vestiture not very
conspicuous; head minutely, sparsely punctulate, not impressed; an-
tennae feebly developed, extending to about basal third of the elytra,
only slightly incrassate distally, the second joint as long as the first and
much longer than the third, the subapical joints not as long as wide;
prothorax about a fourth wider than long, not impressed at any point,
the punctulation very fine and only moderately close-set, the interstices
polished, not reticulate; elytra about a third wider and fully two -fifths
longer than the prothorax, the punctulation feebly asperate and not very
close, paler in color at apex; basal joint of the hind tarsi not quite; as
208 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
long as the next two combined; sixth ventral with a very minute, rather
■hallow median sinus at tip; female not observed but having the prono-
tum deeply concave along the middle. Leiigth 1.9 mm. ; width 0.48 mm.
Massachusetts cayicollis Lee.
Color black, the elytra picescent but only feebly, indefinitely paler toward
tip, the two basal ventrals rufescent; vestiture fine, close and rather dis-
tinct; head orbicular, not impressed, minutely punctulate and reticulate;
antennae as in cavicollis but rather more incrassate distally, the subapi-
cal joints not as long as wide; prothorax barely a fifth wider than long,
slightly though very evidently wider than the head as in cavicollis, mi-
nutely reticulate and dull, very minutely, closely punciulate, feebly so
toward the middle, more coarsely and asperately toward the sides, the
surface not impressed but only feebly flattened along the median line;
elytra nearly as long as wide, a fourth wider and one-third longer than
the prothorax, the humeri but slightly exposed, the surface polished,
with less minute, sparser and more asperate punctures as usual, the
suture minutely and feebly impressed behind the scutellum; tarsi very
slender and filiform, the first joint of the posterior not quite as long as
the next two combined; female with the sixth ventral rounded at tip;
male not known. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.42 mm. North Carolina
(Asheville) obsoleta n. sp.
9 — Lustre shining in the male, pale piceo-lestaceous in color, the head and
apical half of the abdomen black; antennae dusky toward tip; punctu-
lation very minute, even, feebly granuliform and moderately close-set,
asperulate and sparser on theeljtra; pubescence not conspicuous; head
rounded, scarcely impressed, the antennae rather short, slender, only
slightly incrassate distally, barely as long as the head and prothorax,
the second joint distinctly longer than the third, the tenth almost as
long as wide; prothorax unusually large and transverse, about a third
wider than long and a fourth wider than the head; apex not more than
two-thirds as wide as the base, the surface barely perceptibly impressed
along the middle from near the base to the centre of the disk; elytra
nearly as long as wide, a fourth wider and nearly one-half longer than
the prothorax, the humeri very narrowly exposed, the apex barely per-
ceptibly paler in shade of color; tarsi very slender, the first joint of the
posterior not quite as long as the next two together; sixth ventral with
a very small but pronounced rounded sinus, about a fourth as wide as
the segmental apex; female not at hand. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.5
mm. Pennsylvania parriceps n. sp.
Lustre of the head and pronotum dull in the female, elsewhere shining,
piceous-black in color, the elytra less blackish, with a very narrow pale
apical margin; two basal ventrals feebly rufescent; antennae red-
brown, yellow toward base; punctures of the head and pronotum ex-
tremely minute, moderately close-set, of the elytra stronger and asper-
ate; vestiture moderately distinct; head rounded, feebly impressed
along the middle; antennae much longer than in parviceps or cavicollis
and gradually, more distinetly incrassate distally, attaining basal third
of the elytra, the second joint much elongated, slightly longer than the
first or third, the tenth almost as long as wide ; prothorax large but less
transverse, about a fourth wider than long, finely reticulate and feebly
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 209
alulaceous, the punctures everywhere minute and feeble; disk very
broadly, rather feebly impressed along the middle in almost median
third; elytra not quite as long as wide, about a third wider and longer
than the prothorax, the humeri very narrowly exposed, the sides arcuate,
the suture distinctly impressed behind the scutellum; hind tarsi fully
four-fifths as long as the tibiae, with the basal joint unusually elongate,
longer than the next two combined; sixth ventral evenly rounded at
tip; male unknown. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.65 mm.; North Caro-
lina (Asheville) sabalntacea n. sp.
Lustre rather dull, the punctures fine and close-set throughout, the inter-
stices on the proDOtum not reticulate in the apparent female, blackish-
piceous, the abdomen rufescent, blackish posteriorly, the elytra castan-
eous, gradually flivescent toward the apical margin, the antennae
fusco-flavate throughout; head slightly elongate, the sides behind the
eyes only feebly converging and arcuate; antennae shorter than usual^
distinctly incrassate distally, but little longer than the head and pro-
thorax, the second joint slightly longer and thicker than the third, the
three subapical distinctly wider than long, the eleventh as long as the
two preceding combined and thicker, obtusely rounded at tip; prothorax
large, convex, nearly a fifth wider than long, broadly, feebly rounded
at the sides and but little narrowed toward base, the surface eveuly
convex except a small and very feeble, transversely arcuate impression
before the scutellum; elytra only very slightly wider than the prothorax
and about a third longer, the sides parallel and arcuate, the humeri
scarcely at all exposed at base ; abdomen much narrower than the
elytra, the sides only feebly converging toward base; legs but moder-
ately slender. Length 2.5 mm. ; width 0.61 mm. Missouri.
missonriana u. sp.
10 — Form moderately stout, strongly convex, piceous -black, the elytra
piceo-testaceous, blackish toward base, the two basal ventrals feebly
rufescent. Male with the head slightly though distinctly narrower than
the prothorax, scarcely impressed, rather abruptly narrowed at base,
rery obsoletely subreticulate and scarcely perceptibly puoctulate; an-
tennae about attaining basal third of the elytra, only slightly incrassate
distally, the second joint but slightly longer than the third, the ninth
and tenth somewhat transverse, the former distinctly the shorter of the
two; prothorax only very slightly wider than long, the sides subparallel
and feebly arcuate, the apex almost as wide as the base, the surface
strongly convex, minutely, closely and subgranularly punctulate
throughout, with smooth polished interspaces, the median line very finely
and obsoletely impressed toward base; elytra fully two-fifths wider
and longer than the prothorax, scarcely visibly and broadly impressed
behind the scutellum, minutely, rather closely, asperulately punctulate,
the humeri somewhat well exposed; abdomen excessively minutely,
densely punctulate and finely, closely pubescent, the hairs closely
decumbent ; hind tarsi with the first joint almost as long as the next two
combined; sixth ventral with a very small shallow subparabolic sinus,
about four times as wide as deep. Female nearly similar in general
form, the head notably smaller, feebly impressed along the middle;
antennae and tarsi nearly similar; prothorax larger and much more
210 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
transverse, a fourth wider than long, very much wider than the head,
the surface duller becaus-e of a very minute close-set reticulation,
similarly densely but less distinctly punctulate, very broadly flattened
along the middle, with the m^edian line less broadly and very feebly
impressed; sixth ventral rounded behind. Length 2.6 mm.; width
0.58 ram. New York (Catskill Mts.), — H. H. Smith... prainosa n. sp.
Form nearly as in pruinosa, the coloration and lustre similar, except that
the elytra are blacker throughout, with a wider, abruptly pale apical
margin. Female with the head as in pruinosa, almost imperceptibly
punctulate and scarcely impressed, the antennae extending to the middle
of the elytra, very slender and extremely feebly iucrassate dlstally, the
second and third joints subequal in length, the latter much the narrower
at base, ninth and tenth subequal in length, the former somewhat
elongate, the latter fully as long as wide; prothorax less transverse
than in the female of pruinosa, a fifth or sixth wider than long, dis-
tinctly wider than the head, alutaceous, minutely reticulate, also finely
and closely, granularly punctulate throughout, more strongly than in
pruinosa, almost evenly convex throughout, the median line very obso-
letely and not broadly impressed; sides broadly rounded anteriorly,
thence distinctly converging to the base, which is distinctly wider than
the apex; elytra nearly as in pruinosa; hind tarsi very slender and
filiform, fully four-fifths as long as the tibiae, with the basal joint much
elongated but not as long as the next two combined; sixth ventral
evenly rounded at tip; male not at hand. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.«
mm. North Dakota (Williston),— H. F. Wickham dakotana n. sp.
Form very slender, linear, convex, pruinose, black, the elytra but slightly
picefecent, with a very fine abrupt pale apical margin. Male with the
head small, orbicular, very convex, not at all impressed, almost imper-
ceptibly and not densely punctulate; antennae extending almost to the
middle of the elytra, very slender and only slightly incrassate distaily,
the second joint much longer than the third, the ninth and tenth not
quite as long as wide, the former somewhat the shorter; prothorax
about a fifth wider than long, much wider than the head, the sides
evenly, circularly arcuate anteriorly and rounding to the apex, which is
much narrower than the base, feebly converging and nearly straight
from a little before the middle to the base ; surface broadly, evenly
convex, finely, asperulately, closely and evenly punctulate, with the in-
terstices smooth and polished, the median parts not impressed; elytra
fully two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, very obsoletely
impressed on the suture behind the scutellum, fiuely, closely and as-
perulately punctulate, the humeri moderately exposed and rounded, the
sides parallel and broadly arcuate; hind tarsi filiform but much shorter
than the tibiae, with the basal joint about as long as the next two
together; ^ixth ventral with a rather large triangular and acutely angu-
late notch nearly as deep as wide; female unknown. Length 2.5 mm.;
width 0.42 mm. Missouri (St. Louis — Creve Coeur Lake),— G. W.
Bock illini n sp.
11 — Form moderately slender, rather depressed. Mc^e shinicg through-
out, not at all reticulate, the head and posterior half of the abdomen
black, the prothorax and elytra piceous- brown, the latter with the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 211
humeri and apex flavate ; two basal ventrals bright red, the legs pale
honey-yellow, the antennae fuscous, pale toward base; pubescence not
conspicuous; head rounded, polished, scarcely perceptibly punctulate,
not impressed, antennae nearly attaining the middle of the elytra,
moderately incrassate distally, the second joint evidently longer than
the third, the subapical joints not quite as long as wide; prothorax
rather small, a fifth wider than long, very slightly wider than the head,
the sides broadly, evenly rounded anteriorly to the apex, which is much
narrower than the base, and feebly convergent and nearly straight from
before the middle to the base; surface almost evenly convex, not im-
pressed along the median line but with a very small and feeble rounded
impressioQ before the middle of the base; puuctulation extremely
miuute and not very close; elytra about two-fifths wider and longer
than the prothorax, finely but closely, asperately punctulate, the "humeri
rather well exposed; abdomen nearly parallel, much narrower than the
elytra but unusually little nirrowed from near the apex to the base;
hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiae, the basal joiut about as long as
the next two together; sixth ventral with a small and rather shallow,
subangulate emarginatiou at tip. Female not at hand. Length 2.7 mm. ;
width 0.6 mm. Texas (Del Rio), — H. F. Wickham. ..ornatella n. sp.
Form slightly more slender, much more convex, the prothorax relatively
much larger and the abdomen very much more strongly narrowed
toward base, feebly shining; prothorax and two basal ventrals pale, the
head and elytra throughout dark rufo-piceous, the remainder of the
abdomen black; legs pale honey-yellow, the antennae fuscous, pale
basally; punctures minute and very close-set throughout, subgranu-
liform on the head and proaotum, the interstices polished on the latter,
asperate on the elytra, excessively minute throughout on the abdomen
except in the basal depressions; pubescence very close, pale through-
out, giving a pruinose effect. Male with the head moderate, obliquely
and rapidly narrowed at base, convex, not impressed, the antennae
short, feebly incrassate, but little longer thaa the head and prothorax,
the three basal joints rapidly diminishing in length, the subapical
scarcely as long as wide; prothorax about a fifth wider than long, dis-
tinctly wider than the head, the sides rounded anteriorly, thence just
visibly converging and broadly, feebly sinuate to the base, convex,
scarcely perceptibly and narrowly impressed along the median line
posteriorly; elytra nearly as long as wide, convex, about a fourth
wider and longer than the prothorax, narrowly iinpressed on the suture
behind the scutellum, the humeri very narrowly exposed; legs very
slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi much elongated though
scarcely as long as the next two combined; sixth ventral very broadly
and feebly sinuate at tip. Female resembling the male in size, colora-
tion, general form, sculpture and vestiture but with the head relatively
slightly smaller and the prothorax somewhat shorter and more trans-
verse, both finely reticulate in addition to the punctures and conse-
quently slightly duller in lustre, the latter broadly and deeply impressed
along the median line, except at apex and more briefly at base, the sixth
ventral broadly rounded at tip. Length 2.4 mm. ; width 0.52 mm. Cali-
fornia (Yuma) arida n. sp.
212 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
li — Form rather slender, convex, linear, shining, black, the prothorax and
first two ventrals dark piceo- rufous ; legs and autennae piceous, the basal
joint of the latter and the tarsi paler; punctures fine, asperate, only
moderately close-set, on the anterior parts excessively minute, on the
abdomen dense but less so on the first two tergltes; pubescence floe and
close but not conspicuous. Female with the head rather small, abruptly
narrowed at base, the antennae extending to the middle of the elytra,
gradually and strongly incrassate distally, the second and third joints
much elongated and equal, the subapical joints not quite as long as
wide; prothorax much wider than the head but only just visibly wider
than long, the sides broadly rounded at apex, thence feebly converging
and nearly straight to the base, convex, the punctular interstices polished,
not reticulate, broadly, feebly impressed along the middle except at
apex, the latter but little more than two-thirds as wide as the base;
elytra distinctly wider than long, fully two-fifths wider but scarcely
more than a third longer than the prothorax, with an oval sutural im-
pression behind the scutellum, the hunaeri rather narrowly exposed,
rounded; hind tarsi nearly four -fifths as long as the tibiae, the basal
joint about as long as the next two combined; sixth ventral broadly
rounded at tip; mesosternal process about attaining the metasteraum
but rather wider than usual, obtusely rounded at tip. Male not known.
Length 2.4-2.7 mm.; width 0.52-0.6 mm. California (Siskiyou, Napa
and Sta. Clara Cos.) faceta Csy.
Form relatively rather broader and less convex than in faceta, smaller in size,
the antennae, tarsi and mesosternal process similar, rather shining,
somewhat pale piceo-rufous, the head and posterior part of the abdo-
men black; elytra with a fine pale apical margin, the legs and an-
tennae toward base pale testaceous, the latter infuscate distally ; pubes-
cence and punctuation nearly as in faceta, the asperulate punctures of
the pronotum stronger, the very minute punctulation of the abdomen
less close-set. Female with the head smaller, orbicular, more gradually
and arcuately narrowed toward base; prothorax shorter and more
transverse, nearly a fourth wider than long and very much wider than
the head, the sides rather more strongly rounded anteriorly and
thence more strongly converging and nearly straight to the base,
the surface moderately convex, very obsoletely and much more
narrowly impressed along the median line, unimpressed in apical
third; elytra nearly similar to those of faceta; sixth ventral rounded
at tip. MaZe not at hand. Length 2.35 mm. ; width 0.5 mm. California
(Los Angeles Co.), — H. C. Fall Tespertina n. sp.
In addition to the above species, which are wholly con-
generic with such European types as constricta, coarctata and
ferealis, of Erichson, and which may be reojarded as repre-
senting the true Tacky usa, I have before me certain aber-
rant species forming subgeneric groups of the present genus ;
these, with the types upon which they are founded, may be
briefly indicated as follows: —
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 213
General form as in Tachyusa but rather stouter, the middle coxae not so
closely approximate and with the obtuse but free mesosternal process
separated from the rounded projection of the raetasternum by a trans-
versely convex and undepressed connecting isthmus; three basal tergites
equally deeply impressed at base and coarsely punctured, the punctures
transversely crowded, forming fine longitudinal carinae as in Tachyusa
but without trace of the medial carina of that genus ; tarsal claws fully
as long and slender but with those of the hind tarsi unequal in length,
the inner claw the shorter. Europe. [Type Tachyiisa balteataT^r.}.
Tachyasilla n. subgen.
General form and habitus as in Tachyusa but with the middle coxae rather
less approximate than in the typical forms of that genus, the mesoster-
nal process rather shorter, obtusely rounded at tip, free but nearly or
practically attaining the metasternal projection, which is obtusely sub-
truncate, not flat in a longitudinal direction as in Tachyusa but
longitudinally concave, the concavity extending as far as the posterior
limits of the acetabula, the latter very feebly closed behind; three basal
tergites impressed in base as in Tachyusa and even more broadly, the
coarse punctures not forming longitudinal acute rugae but polygonally
and irregularly crowded, without trace of the characteristic medial car-
ina of Tachyusa; tarsal claws much shorter than in Tachyusaor Tachy-
usilla, those of the hind tarsi equal. South Africa. [Type T. gemma*
Csy.] Tachyusota n. subgen.
There is considerable variety in the form of the mesosternal
process in Tachyusa, as well as in JSulmsa and other genera of
* This species may be described as follows from the male:—
Form slender, strongly convex, highly polished throughout, pale rufo-testa-
ceous, the head and the abdomen toward tip black; legs testaceous,
the antennae slightly infuscate distally; punctures very minute,
asperulate, very sparse, except toward the middle of the pronotum
basally and toward the scutellum on the elytra, where they are more
close-set; abdomen subimpunctate, the fourth and fifth segments finely
but not densely punctate throughout; pubescence not conspicuous;
head small, orbicular; antennae rather short, barely attaining basal
third of the elytra, rather distinctly iucrassate distally, the second
joint longer and thicker than the third; prothorax fully as long as wide,
scarcely as wide as the head, the sides subangulate anteriorly, thence
moderately converging and broadly sinuate to the base, not impressed;
elytra large, quadrate, moderately produced posteriorly at the sides,
fully four-fifths wider and about two-fifths longer than the prothorax,
with a small sutural impression at base, convex, the sides arcuate, the
humeri rather widely exposed but rounded; abdomen much narrowed
toward base, clavate, very much narrower than the elytra, the first
three segments constituting fully three-fourths of its length; legs
slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next two com-
bined; sixth ventral with a small, feeble, broadly rounded sinus at tip;
female nearly similar to the male. Length 2.15 mm.; width 0.48 mm.
South Africa (Wellington) gemma n. sp.
214 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
this subtribe, and any statements concerning it are to be taken
in a comprehensive sense; it is more constant in relative
length and in the approximation of its tip to the apex of the
metasternal projection than it is in width, most of the species
having the tip acute, but in some, such as smithi, graciUima,
faceta and vespertina, of America, it becomes wider and
obtuse at tip, and, in the European /erea?2S it is remarkably
wide for Tachyusa and obtuse at tip, though fully attaining
the metasternum without an intervening isthmus.
Gnypetella n. gen.
The very small frail species of this genus recall the more
elongate linear forms of Gnypeta in general form, but have
the middle coxae very approximate, with their acetabula open
behind and not closed by a fine beaded edge, the mesosternal
process finely acute, free and extending to the middle of the
acetabula, where it is separated from the obtuse apex of the
short metasternal projection by a very long, narrow, trans-
versely convex isthmus, which is not at all depressed but
separated from the metasternum by a subobliterated transverse
suture, distinguishable principally by differences in sculpture,
the isthmus being wholly punctureless and highly polished.
The transverse, elevated, posteriorly rounded plate at the
anterior limit of the mesosternum, generally so conspicuous
in the Tachyusae and Falagriae, is rather less developed here
than usual. The eyes are unusually small, anterior and not
prominent, the neck less than half as wide as the head, the
elytra slightly angulate posteriorly at the sides and the hind
tarsi much shorter than the tibiae, though with the basal
joint unusually elongate and longer than the next two com-
bined. The only two species known thus far may be
described as follows : —
Form slender, parallel, moderately convex, polished, pale brownish-testa-
ceous throughout, the abdomen blackish except toward base; punctures
of the head and pronotum extremely minute, rather sparse, broadly
wanting toward the middle of the former, the elytra more strongly,
asperately but not very densely punctured, the abdomen finely, moder-
ately sparsely, the basal impressions somewhat coarsely but not very
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 215
densely punctate; pubescence inconspicuous; iiead large, wider than
long, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, the sides parallel, the angles
narrowly rounded; antennae short, stout, scarcely longer than the
head and prothorax, the first three joints rapidly diminishing in
length, the outer joints compact and rather strongly transverse; pro-
thorax about as wide as the head, slightly transverse, the sides broadly
rounded anteriorly, thence feebly convergent and less arcuale to the
base, the surface with a very small transverse impression before the
middle of the base, the latter moderately arcuate; elytra slightly
transverse, about two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, the
suture feebly and broadly impressed in basal three-fifths; humeri
somewhat well exposed, slightly rounded; abdomen parallel, distinctly
narrower than the elytra but wider than the prothorax, the sides of the
fifth ventral converging posteriorly; legs slender; sixth ventral of the
female evenly rounded at tip, the male unknown. Length 1.9 mm.;
width 0.42 mm. California (Monterey Co.). [= Tachyusalat. Csy.].
laticeps Csy.
Form and coloration nearly similar, the anterior parts and legs rather
darker, the abdomen black throughout, almost similarly sculptured,
shining; head smaller, but slightly wider than long, similarly arcuato-
truncate at base, the antennae nearly similar, but little longer than the
head and prothorax, the outer joints still more strongly transverse,
compact; prothorax rather more transverse, somewhat wider than the
head, the sides much more narrowly rounded anteriorly, thence con-
verging and straighter to the base, the short transverse impression be-
fore the scutellum similar; elytra similar in form, with the humeri
equally exposed, the impression on the suture behind the scutellum
very much shorter, oval; abdomen nearly similar but somewhat broader,
the coarse punctuation of the short, deep, transversely linear basal im-
pressions somewhat coarser and closer; sixth ventral of the female
broadly, subparabolically rounded at tip, the male not at hand. Length
1.75 mm.; width 0.4 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.).
placidala n. sp.
These species are apparently rare and 1 have at present
before me only a single example of each.
Euliusa n. gen.
In general form and f acies this genus resembles Gnypeta and
it is undoubtedly closely allied, the intermesocoxal structure
being much the same, a short isthmus separating the rather
short and in general obtusely truncate free tip of the meso-
sternal process from the metasternal projection, but, poste-
riorly, there is no trace of the circumambient beaded edge
delimiting the acetabula, so well developed and constant in
Gnypeta. The sculpture is always very feeble and there is
216 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
but little diversity in structural characters throughout the
o-enus. The punctures are ver}^ minute as a rule and every-
where sparse, the surface highly lustrous, the vestiture rather
inconspicuous, the head well developed, with the eyes moder-
ately large in size and somewhat prominent, the antennae
slender, with the first three joints elongate, the subapical
about as long as wide and the second and third equal or sub-
equal ; the neck is from one-half to two-thirds as wide as the
head. The.prothorax isobtrapezoidal, wider than long, with
the hind angles more than right but well marked and not in
the least rounded; the elytra are well developed, with very
broadly exposed humeri and are but slightly and obtusely
produced posteriorly at the sides. The abdomen is broad and
rather short, with the first three tergites narrowly but deeply,
rectilinearly impressed at base, the impressions subimpunc-
tate, having generally a very few widely and irregularly scat-
tered coarser but feeble punctures. The legs are long and
slender, the hind tarsi filiform, with the basal joint usually
fully as long as the next two combined and longer than in
typical ' Gnypeta. The male sexual characters are virtually
uniform throughout and consist of a broadly rounded, very
shallow sinuation at the tip of the sixth ventral plate. As in
Tacky iisa, the pronotum is generally impressed along the
middle posteriorly in the female and evenly convex in the
male, but, in both sexes, there is a short transverse and fre-
quently bifoveate impression before the base, as is generally
the case in Gnypeta. The genus appears to be local in dis-
tribution and confined as far as known to southern California,
extending eastward into Arizona. The characters given
above being so uniform, no further mention of them will be
made, except in certain cases, in the descriptions of the fol-
lowing nine species : —
Abdom u elliptical in form, widest in the middle and much narrowed at base
and apex, the sides evenly arcuate 2
Abdomen parallel or very nearly so, the sides of the fifth segment moder-
ately converging from base to apex 3
2 — Form rather stout, blackish-piceous in color, the head and entire
abdomen black, the legs and antennae pale; head orbicular, rapidly
and arcuately narrowed behind the eyes, the punctures larger and
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 217
denser than usual but feeble, the median lioe broadly impunctate; ver-
tex with a deep rounded impression; antennae moderately incrassate
distally; prothorax somewhat wider than the head, about a fourth
wider than long, the sides obtusely angulate anteriorly, thence rather
strongly converging and broadly sinuate to the base, the surface very
minutely, sparsely punctulatCj narrowly and very obsoletely impressed
on the median line behind the centre, the transverse impression large
and conspicuous, deeply bifoveate; elytra transverse, about two-thirds
wider and a third longer than the prothorax, very sparsely punctu-
late and convex; abdomen, at the middle, scarcely as wide as the elytra,
at base and apex very much narrower; male not at hand. Length
3.2 mm; width 0.78 mm. Arizona niajascala n. sp.
Form still stouter, piceous-black throughout, the legs and antennae testa-
ceous; punctures very minute and sparse on the head and throughout
as usual, those of the abdomen asperulate; pubescence very sparse
but rather coarse and pale ashy in color; head somewhat wider than
long, the sides behind the prominent eyes parallel for a short distance,
then strongly rounded to the neck, the rounded impression of the ver-
tex smaller and feebler than in the preceding species; antennae
extending to apical third of the elytra, slender, only moderately in-
crassate di.stally, the subapical joints perceptibly shorter than wide;
prothorax scarcely wider than the htad, about a fifth wider than long,
strongly convex, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence moder-
ately converging and straight to the base, the basal impression ob-
scurely and irregularly bi-impressed, the median line impressed for a
short distance anteriorly from the transverse impression; elytra
strongly transverse, two-thirds wider and two-fifths longer than the
prothorax, the humeri very widely exposed, the suture impressed
behind the scutellum; abdomen less strongly elliptical than in majws-
cula, in the middle much narrower than the elytra; female not known.
Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.75 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.), —
H. C. Fall sparsella n. sp.
3 — Prothorax distinctly transverse; body stout in form throughout 4
Prothorax barely perceptibly wider than long; form somewhat less stout.. 8
4 — Punctures of the head larger, more approximate and much more con-
spicuous though impressed and not very deep. Body black, with a
slight piceous tinge throughout, the legs and antennae very slender,
pale piceo-testaceous; vestiture pale in color; head wider than long,
impunctate along the middle, the vertex with a large rounded impres-
sion; eyes small; antennae extending to the middle of the elytra,
rather strongly incrassate distally, the ninth joint fully as long as
wide, the tenth nearly so ; prothorax just visibly wider than the head,
nearly a fourth wider than long, the sides anteriorly narrowly rounded
and prominent, thence rather strongly convergent and broadly sinuate
to the base, the surface minutely and almost imperceptibly punctulate
as usual, strongly impressed along the middle from apical third, the
transverse impression small and feeble ; elytra nearly as in sparsella,
the humeri equally widely exposed, the punctulation almost invisible,
the suture narrowly and deeply impressed behind the scutellum;
abdomen broad though distinctly narrower than the elytra, the sides
218 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
nearly straight and parallel, the punctulation extremely minute, sparse
and cot asperulate; male not at hand. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.68
mm. California (Los Angeles Co. — Pasadena), — A. Fenyes. [z=Q-ny-
petaluc. Bern.] Incens Bernh.
Punctures of the head and remainder of the body sparse and extremely
minute as usual 5
5 — Color piceous-black, the abdomen feebly rufescent toward base, the
legs and antennae testaceous, the latter inf uscate distally. Head but
little wider than long, the sides subparallel for a short distance
behind the eyes, then strongly and obliquely rounded to the neck, the
impression of the vertex very small; antennae shorter than usual,
extending scarcely to the middle of the elytra, rather incrassate dis-
tally, the joints seven to ten shorter than wide; prothorax barely per-
ceptibly wider than the head, the outline and punctulation as in lucens,
the surface not at all impressed along the middle, the subbasal im-
pression small, with two unusually approximate foveae; elytra two-
thirds wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the humeri widely
exposed as usual, the suture strongly impressed behind the scutellum;
abdomen parallel, the sides straight, converging at tip as Hsual, very
minutely, sparsely punctulate toward base, less minutely, more closely
and asperulately toward tip; female not known. Length 2.75 mm.;
width 0.7 mm. California (Riverside Co.) elsinorica n. sp.
Color more or less pale piceo-testaceous, the head and apical parts of the
abdomen darker testaceous to blackish; legs pale testaceous, the an-
tennae sometimes infuscate distally 6
6 — Form very stout. Head and about apical half of the abdomen black-
ish, the remainder dark piceo-testaceous; antennae pale, gradually in-
fuscate distally, extending to about basal third of the elytra, moder-
ately incrassate distally, the ninth and tenth joints slightly shorter
than wide; punctures throughout very minute and sparse, closer pos-
terior to the three basal segments cf the abdomen but not evidently
aj-perulate; head moderate, the sides converging and almost evenly
arcuate from the ejes to the neck; prothorax about a fifth wider than
long, very slightly wider than the head, the sides subpromineutly
rounded anteriorly, thence only feebly converging but rather deeply
sinuate to the base, the median line not impressed, the subbasal im-
pression moderately large, broadly impressed, not definitely bifoveate;
elytra short and strongly transverse, about three-fifths wider and a
third longer than the prothorax, with the humeri very widely exposed;
abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, the sides parallel; hind tarsi
two-thirds as long as the tibiae; female unknown. Length 2.7 mm.;
width 0.8 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.) transversa n. sp.
Form less stout, the abdomen always much narrower than the elytra 7
7 — Head and elytra dark, the prothorax and basal half of the abdomen
pale, piceo-testaceous, the remainder of the latter blackish; antennae
pale, only slightly infumate distally; punctures throughout very
minute and sparse, not asperate and moderately close toward tip of the
abdomen; vestiture pale but inconspicuous; head rather large, wider
than long, somewhat wider than the prothorax in the male, as wide as
the latter in the female, the impression of the vertex very feeble; eyes
Casey — Observaticns on the Staphylinidae. 219
prominent, the sides behind them feebly converging for a short dis-
tance, then strongly rounded to the neck; antennae attaining basal
two-fifths of the elytra, rather strongly incrassate distally, the sub-
apical joints not quite as long as wide; prothorax about a fifth wider
than long, the sides rather prominently rounded anteriorly, thence only
feebly converging but broadly, somewhat strongly sinuate to the base,
the subbasal impression rather large and deep, strongly and not very
approximately bifoveate, the median line very narrowly and obsoletely
subimpressed behind apical third in the male, more broadly and dis-
tinctly impressed in the female; elytra moderately transverse, three-
fifths wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, somewhat less
transverse in the female, the humeri broadly exposed; abdomen a third
wider than the prothorax; male with the sixth ventral feebly sinuate at
tip as usual. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.7 mm. California (Sta. Clara
Co.) . l=Falagria lat. Csy.] laticollis Csy.
Head piceous, the prothorax pale, the elytra scarcely darker, piceo- testa-
ceous, the abdomen pale, blackish toward tip; antennae scarcely in-
fuscate distally, unusually long, fully attaining apical third of the elytra,
distinctly incrassate distally, the ninth joint as long as wide, the tenth
very nearly so; punctures minute and sparse throughout, those of the
abdomen slightly asperulate toward tip; head orbicular, parallel behind
the eyes for a short distance, then obliquely arcuate to the neck, the
vertex with a deep rounded medial impression; prothorax barely a
sixth wider than long, equal in width to the head, the outline nearly as
in laticollis but rather more broadly rounded at the sides anteriorly, the
median line broadly and strongly impressed in basal three-fifths, the
subbasal impression nearly obliterated, forming the basal part of the
medial impression; elytra three -fourths wider and nearly one-half
longer than the prothorax, the humeri very widely exposed as usual ;
abdomen unusually narrow, barely a fourth wider than the prothorax,
parallel and straight at the sides, slightly narrowing toward tip; legs
very slender, the hind tarsi fully three-fourths as long as the tibiae,
the basal joint distinctly shorter than the next two combined; claws
long slender and equal as usual; male not at hand. Length 2.3 ram. ;
width 0.7 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.) mollis n. sp.
Head and elytra rather dark, the prothorax and anterior half of the abdomen
pale, brownish-testaceous, the remainder of the abdomen blackish;
antennae slightly infumate distally, somewhat short, rather feebly
Incrassate distally, scarcely extending beyond basal third of the elytra,
the four subapical joints slightly shorter than wide; head slightly
wider than long, the sides subparallel bahind the eyes for a short dis-
tance, then strongly, obliquely rounded to the neck, the vertex scarcely
impressed in the male, feebly so in the female; prothorax equal in
width to tne head in the former, slightly wider in the latter, a fifth
wider than long, the sides prominently rounded anteriorly, thence
mod( rately converging and broadly sinuate to the base, nearly similar
in the sexes and with a large, strongly impressed bifoveolate ante-
basal impression which becomes angularly obsolete anteriorly; elytra
transverse, much wider and longer than the prothorax, with broadly
exposed humeri; abdomen parallel, narrowed slightly at lip, two-
fifths or more wider than the prothorax in the male but only about a
220 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
flfth wider than the latter ia the female, the male larger as a rule and
stouter throughout; mesosternal process somewhat narrower than usual
but not acute. Length 2.3-3.0 mm.; width 0.68-0.7 mm, Arizona
(Tu<json and Riverside pimalis u. sp.
8 — Form only moderately stout, blackish-piceous in color, the prothorax
slightly paler, the antennae iufuscate distally; punctures very minute
and sparse throughout; head orbicular, convex, as long as wide, the
sides strongly arcuate and converging behind the eyes, with a very
small rounded impression at the middle of the vertex in the male which
becomes much larger and deeper in the female; antennae extending to
the middle of the elytra, distinctly incrassate distally, the twosubapical
joints slightly shorter than wide; prothorax not quite as wide as the
head in either sex, scarcely visibly wider than long, the sides rounded
anteriorly, thence rather distinctly converging and feebly sinuate to the
base, the surface convex, wholly unimpressed except the distinct
blfoveate transverse impression before the scutellum in the male,
somewhat deeply impressed along the median line from apical two-
fifths to the transverse impression in the female; elytra two- thirds
wider and a third longer than the prothorax; abdomen similar in the
sexes, parallel, distinctly narrower than the elytra; basal joint of the
hind tarsi rather longer than the next two combined. Length 2,6 mm.;
width 0.65 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.) citrina n. sp.
A single specimea of lucens Bernh., was very kindly given
me by Dr. Fenyes. The species is very readily distinguishable
by the unusually large and more close-set punctures of the
head, this also being a distinctive character mmajuscula;
the mesosternal process of the latter is more acute at tip than
in any other species that I have observed but is approached in
this respect to some extent by pimalis, which is a common
form, widely distributed over the more arid parts of Arizona.
The abdomen m pimalis appears to be notably narrower in
the female than in the male, and the same peculiarity may
affect mollis, which is now represented in my cabinet by a
single female having a notably narrow abdomen, but I have
not observed this rather remarkable character elsewhere in the
genus and it is certainly not true of laticollis, although there,
as generally in the genus, the male is a trifle stouter than the
female. This seems to occur frequently in the Staphlinidae
and may be a general rule.
Meronera Shp.
This genus resembles the preceding somewhat in outline
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 221
but is composed of very much more minute species, having
strong and rather close-set punctures on the head and prono-
tum and the hind angles of the prothorax somewhat broadly
rounded, differing in this way from any Euliusa^ Gnypetella
or Gnypeta, excepting the subgenus Gmjpetoma, which is real-
ly entitled to full generic rank in all probability. It more
closely resembles the genus Neolara Shp., where the sculpture
is in general similar, the basal angles of the prothorax very
obtuse and blunt, but not so distinctly rounded and the inter-
mesocoxal parts similar, but it differs wholly from JSfeolara
in the structure of the prosternum before the coxae as stated
in the table. The head is nearly as in Gnypetella^ broadly
arcuato-truncate at base, with distinct rounded angles and
the eyes are almost as small as in that genus but much more
prominent. The neck is much narrower and the antennae
are longer than in any of the allied genera, with all the joints
elongate, the first much longer than the second or third, the
latter being more or less appreciably longer than the second.
The elytra are obliquely truncate at apex rounded but not
at all produced at the sides of the apex, in the manner
observed in Tachyusa and less evidently in Gnypeta. The
abdomen is wide, parallel and almost evenly arcuate at the
sides, with the first three tergites narrowly, rectilinearly and
more or less feebly impressed at base, the impressions im-
punctate. The short and broadly truncate mesosternal pro-
cess is not at all free as it is in Gnypela, Tachyusa or Euli-
nsa, but is attached by a declining isthmus to the somewhat
depressed apex of the long metasternal projection, the structure
being almost similar to that of N'eolara. The legs are long
and very slender, the hind tarsi very slender and filiform,
about as long as the tibiae, with the basal joint a little
longer than the next two combined. We have only the fol-
lowing three species so far as noted : —
Elytra subparallel, longer than the prothorax 2
Elytra with the sides strongly diverging from base to apex, shorter than the
prothorax 3
2 — Form stout, subparallel, convex, shining, the head, and, to a less degree
the elytra and the last two or three abdominal segments, piceous to
blackish, the prothorax, basal parts of the abdomen, elytral base,
222 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
broadly toward the humeri, legs and basal parts of the antennae, more
or less pale testaceous; punctures of the head and pronotum rounded,
umbilicate, coarse and very close-set, those of the elytra not quite so
coarse and less dense, of the abdomen fine, sparse and asperulate, the
ground sculpture finely and feebly reticulate in subtransverse lines, of
the elytra finely and obsoletely subreticulate, elsewhere smooth; vesti-
ture fine, rather sparse and wholly inconspicuous, each abdominal seg-
ment with a transverse series of four coarse erect black setae ; head
wider than long, fully as wide as the prothorax, convex, unimpressed;
antennae distinctly incrassate distally, extending rather beyond the
elytral apex; prothorax obtrapezoidal, only very slightly wider than
long, the sides prominently rounded at apical third, thence distinctly
converging and sinuate to the base, the surface convex, unimprested in
either sex; elytra each with a black seta near the middle of the base,
about one-half wider and but slightly longer than the prothorax, the
the humeri widely exposed; abdomen parallel, with the sides evidently
and evenly arcuate, distinctly wider at the middle than the elytra in the
male, much narrower than the elytra and with the sides straighter in the
female; sixth ventral of the male with arcuately converging sides, the
obtuse apex with a small and broadly, evenly rounded sinus about
five or six times as wide as deep; female distinctly more slender than
the male throughout the body. Length 1.65-1.8 mm.; width 0.4-0.45
mm. Rhode Island, New York and North'Carolina CAshevllle) to Iowa.
l=Falag7'ia venus. Er.] yennstnla Er.
Form nearly similar to venustula, polished, rufo-piceous, the prothorax
somewhat paler, the abdomen black, the first two segments, elytral base
and humeri, legs and basal parts of the antennae more or less pale fla-
vate; femora piceous, paler toward base; antennae infuscate distally;
punctures of the head and pronotum less coarse, more impressed and
much less clo.se-set than in venustula, those of the pronotum not umbil-
icate, the elytra not at all reticulate, having rather strong and moderately
sparse punctures, somewhat smaller than those of the anterior parts,
the abdomen finely, transversely reticulate, finely and sparsely punctu-
late; pubescence inconspicuous; prothorax similar to that of venus-
titla but somewhat narrower than the head, especially in the male;
elytra three- fifths wider and nearly a third longer than the prothorax,
the humeri widely exposed; abdomen parallel, with feebly and evenly
arcuate sides, fully as wide as the elytra in the male and nearly as wide
in the female; sixth ventral of the male nearly as in the preceding, the
broadly and circularly rounded sinus about six times as wide as deep;
female but slightly more slender than ttie male, with the sixth ventral
rather strongly and evenly rounded at tip. Length 1.8 mm.; width
0.48 mm. Texas (El Paso) to Utah (Provo.) montana n. sp.
3 — Body rather slender, polished, similar in sculpture, punctuation and
vestiture to venustula, the coloration similarly disposed throughout but
paler in every part, perhaps from immaturity; prothorax fully as long
as wide and as wide as the head, the sides angulate, more obliquely,
arcuately rounded anteriorly from apical two-fifths to the neck, other-
wise as in venustula, the median line narrowly and obsoletely impressed
behind the middle, the impression not attaining the base ; elytra strongly
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 223
transrerse, distinctly shorter than the prothorax, the apices much more
oblique than in venustula, the punctures less close-set; abdomen similarly
parallel with arcuate sides, about as wide as the elytra in the male, the
sixth ventral in that sex obtuse and feebly sinuate as in venustula, the
sinus about a third as wide as the apex and very shallow. Length 2.0
mm. ; width 0.43 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.), — H. H. Smith,
obliqnan. sp.
It will be noticed that the feeble and broadly rounded
sinus of the sixth ventral is almost exactly similar to that of
the srenus Euliusa, and that the narrower form of the female
and especially the narrower abdomen of the latter sex, is also
a peculiarity noted in several species of that genus. Obliqua
is represented by a single specimen, but it certainly differs
very much from venustula in the form as well as in the ab-
breviation of the elytra, and very noticeably in the form of
the prothorax. I have assumed venustula as the type of
Meronera, as it was assigned to that genus by its founder,
and was the first species described. It is abundant through-
out the northern Atlantic regions.
Subtribe Falagriae.
The Falagriae differ from the Tachyusae in having the
prosternum under the coxae corneous and not membranous.
This chitinous lining is not a posterior extension of the ante-
coxal part of the prosternum, but is composed of two plates
that take their origin at the sides posteriorly, beginning as
small plates surrounding the spiracles. These plates develop
inwardly and finally meet on the median line. They are very
variable in extent in the several genera, usually complete,
meeting on the median line and extending to the ante-coxal
part, in such cases wholly protecting the membrane so largely
exposed in the Tachyusae, but, in other genera, they may not
quite meet throughout on the median line, their rounded in-
ternal margins leaving a triangular piece of exposed membrane
adjoining the ante-coxal part of the prosternum, and, in one
genus, the plates are very small, leaving most of the mem-
brane exposed. The Pacific coast fauna is very poor in rep-
resentatives of the Falagriae, and it is remarkable that in the
224 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
only two genera that do occur there, the subcoxal plates are
incomplete as well as imperfectly chitinized.
The Falagriae are very small beetles as a rule, of slender
and graceful form, with much narrower neck than in the
Tachyusae, long and generally slender legs with filiform tarsi,
the posterior usually having a greatly elongate basal joint,
and the pronotum is always narrowly and acutely impressed
along the median line, sometimes broadly, deeply and con-
spicuously but in other genera very feebly or obsoletely. The
singular sexual differences in the pronotal impression, and
sometimes in sculpture as well, prevailing in some of the
genera of the Tachyusae, are apparently not observable in
the Falagriae, but there are some analogous though very
feeble characters at the apex of the sixth ventral plate, so
slight however that they will not be noticed in the descrip-
tions of the species except in certain instances. The first
three tergites are rectilinearly impressed at base, but there is
never a trace of the carina so developed in Tachyusa, and the
abdomen is always rather wide, parallel and never narrowed
toward base as it is in some of the genera of the preceding
subtribe; the elytra, also, are never more than very feebly
produced or subangulate at the sides of the apex. The genera
tLay be defined as follows : —
Flanks of the pronotum broadly convex and strongly inflexed, narrowing the
prosternum, the hypomera not delimited from the flanks; middle aceta-
bula more or less well defined throughout by a beaded edge ; proster-
num wholly corneous under the coxae 2
Flanks feebly inflexed, the prosternum normally broad, the hypomera de-
limited at the sides, usually but not always by a beaded edge ; middle
acetabula always widely open behind, never having a trace of beaded
edge ; mesosternum never carinate 3
2 — Middle acetabula well separated, surrounded throughout by a flne strong
beaded edge, deep, with abruptly steep walls throughout, the meso-
sternum elevated in median third, more strongly anteriorly, the surface
perfectly flat and without trace of carina, the process very short, not
extending much beyond anterior fourth of the acetabula, squarely trun-
cate at tip, the latter not in the least free but joined to the longer and
equally wide, flat and transversely truncate tip of the metasternal pro-
jection by a short flat isthmus on the same level as the apices ; pro-
sternum before the coxae defined externally and internally by similar
posteriorly cusped beaded edges; neck nearly a third as wide as the
head, the latter arcuato«truncate at base with evident angles, the eyes
Casey ■ — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 225
rather small, the occiput impressed, the antennae moderate in length,
thick; prothorax without ante-basal impression; scutellura flat, not
modified; hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiae, the basal joint longer
than the next three combined. Europe and America— by recent intro-
duction Caidiola
Middle acetabula equally well separated, but, posteriorly, merging by a
long gentle slope into the metasternal surface, its limits there not at all
well defined by a subobsolete beaded edge, the mesosternum not at all
broadly elevated but with a narrow and strongly elevated carina,
extending throughout the length to the truncate tip of the process, which
extends nearly to the middle of the acetabula and there meets on the
same level the truncate tip of the equally elongate metasternal projec-
tion ; prosternum before the coxae moderate, its external posterior line
very obtusely subangulate, the internal acutely cusped; head, eyes and
antennae nearly as in Cardiola, the prothorax also of similar form, not
transversely impressed before the base; scutellum elongate, coarsely,
densely sculptured, transversely convex; hind tarsi much shorter than
the tibiae, the basal joint not quite as long as the next three combined.
Europe *Lophagria
3 — Mesosternum on a superior plane, throughout its width, to the metaster -
num and connecting isthmus, its posterior line broadly cusped at the mid-
dle ; prosternum wholly corneous under the coxae. Middle coxae widely
separated, the mesosternum broad and wholly unmodified, the process
projecting from the foot of the clifE forming its hind margin, more or less
abbreviated and broad, entering between the coxae for a variable but
generally short distance, its surface transversely elevated in the middle,
its apex angularly protruding into the emarginate apex of the long
broad metasternal projection, which is transversely convex; there is
apparently a closely amalgamated connecting isthmus of varying form;
prosternum before the coxae moderately long, its exposed part flat,
with its hind margin strongly and acutely cusped in the middle; head
arcuato-truncate, the neck very slender, the eyes moderate, the an-
tennae very stout, with the last joint unusually short, much shorter
than the two preceding combined; prothorax not transversely impressed
before the base, the hypomera not delimited from the pronotum by an
entire beaded edge, broadly constricted behind the coxae; scutellum
granularly sculptured, sometimes channeled along the middle ; legs long
but unusually stout, the basal joint of the hind tarsi much shorter than
the next three combined and decidedly thicker, the latter equal among
themselves. Nearctic North America Chitalia
Mesosternum not on a superior plane to the metastemum and wholly un-
modified on its surface 4
4 — Corneous plates under the anterior coxae uniting on the median line. 5
Corneous plates very small and rudimentary, covering only a small part of
the exposed membrane around the spiracles 11
5 _ Hypomera sharply delimited from the pronotum by an entire beaded
edge 6
Hypomera not delimited by an entire beaded edge, though definable, as in
Ghitalia, by differences of sculpture 10
6 — Hypomera but slightly dilated at the middle, long and narrow in outline.
226 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Middle coxae moderately separated, the mesosternal process projecting
between them nearly to the middle, parallel-sided, rounded and more
or less free at tip, separated from the mesosternal projection by a short
and generally somewhat depressed isthmus; prosternum moderate be-
fore the coxae, the posterior acute edge of the exposed portion finely
cusped at the middle, its surface more or less tumid at the middle near
the cusp ; head more or less rounded at base, the neck very narrow, the
eyes moderate, prominent, the antennae very long, moderately stout,
the last joint subequal in length to the two preceding combined; pro-
thorax very strongly narrowed toward base, not transversely impressed
before the latter; scutellum more or less densely sculptured, frequently
finely carinate along the middle; legs rather slender, the hind tarsi fili-
form, much shorter than the tibiae, with the basal joint almost as long
as the entire remainder. Nearctic North America Lorinota
Hypomera shorter, relatively much more dilated at the middle 7
7 — Mesosternal process free, rather long, obtusely rounded and extending
about to the middle of the coxae, where it is separated from the meta-
sternal projection by a short depressed isthmus; middle coxae moder-
ately separated. Body parallel; prosternum rather short before the
coxae, flat, the posterior margin cusped at the middle; head arcuato-
truncale at base, with evident rounded angles, the neck more than a
fourth as wide as the head, the eyes rather small; antennae very thick,
the outer joints strongly incrassate and compact, the last stout, ogiv-
ally pointed, not as long as the two preceding combined; prothorax
rather short, strongly narrowed toward base, deeply sulcate, the sulcus
ending posteriorly in a small rounded simple enlargement; scutellum
nearly flat, granularly sculptured ; elytra well developed, with widely
exposed humeri as usual; abdominal impressions narrow, deep, acutely
impressed, somewhat coarsely but sparsely punctured; legs moderate
in length, stout, the hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiae, with the
basal joint as long as the next three combined, the latter equal among
themselves. Europe *Falagrioma
Mesosternal process not free, its truncate apex joining the metasternal
projection with or without a short and feebly defined isthmus, all on
virtually the same level throughout. . . . 8
8 — Scutellum acutely and strongly bicarinate; body moderately small in
size. Form somewhat stout and convex as a rule, middle coxae only
moderately separated, the mesosternal process attaining the middle of
the acetabula, rounded at tip and separated from the obtuse tip of the
shorter metasternal projection by a distinct isthmus, which is delimited
from the metasternum by a fine, frequently irregular suture; prosternum
short before the coxae, with the median part of the exposed surface
deflexed and very obtusely rounded posteriorly; head arcuato-truncate
at base, with rounded angles, the neck very narrow, the eyes small,
slightly prominent, the antennae moderate in length, rather stout, incras-
sate distally, the eleventh joint not as long as the two preceding to-
gether; prothorax very strongly narrowed toward base, deeply sulcate,
the sulcus not enlarged basally, the disk with a flne arcuate and trans-
verse impressed line before the base ; elytra with widely exposed hu-
meri; abdominal impressions with a single series of coarse punctures;
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 227
legs rather short, moderately slender, the hind tarsi filiform, much
shorter than the tibiae, with the basal joint somewhat longer than the
next three together, the latter diminishing slightly and gradually In
length. Nearctic and Falaearctic regions Fala^ia
Scutellum without trace of carination, flat; body minute in size, moderately
stout and convex - 9
9 — Middle coxae more widely separated than in Falagria, the process ex-
tending about to the middle of the acetabula, rectilinearly truncate and
separated from the metasternal projection by a similar short isthmus
joining the latter by a very fine suture; prosternum before the coxae
nearly as in Falagria but more narrowly produced and less broadly
rounded at the middle posteriorly; head truncate at base with very
distinct and narrowly rounded angles, the neck wider than in Falagria,
nearly a third as wide as the head, the eyes similarly small and promi-
nent, the antennae rather short, rapidly incrassate distally, with the
subapical joints strongly transverse, the eleventh large, as long as the
two preceding combined, obtusely pointed; prothorax short, much
more feebly narrowed behind, the surface very finely and obsoletely
impressed along the median line but with a distinct short transverse
impression before the base; scutellum with large, approximate and
feebly elevated granulation, the elytra with widely exposed humeri;
legs rather short and slender, the filiform hind tarsi slightly shorter
than the tibiae, with the basal joint shorter than the next three com-
bined, the latter equal among themselves. Europe *MeIagria
Middle coxae still more widely separated, the mesosternal process wide,
truncate at tip, extending to about the middle of the acetabula, where
it meets the equally broad metasternal projection in a simple trans-
verse suture, without intervening isthmus; prosternum moderate before
the coxae, its hind margin with a broad cusp point at the middle, the
cusp not at all rounded; head arcuato-truncate at base and with dis-
tinct rounded angles, the neck very narrow, barely a fourth as wide as
the head, the eyes well developed, prominent; antennae moderately
long, not very strongly incrassate distally, the tenth joint much longer
than the ninth and but slightly wider than long, the eleventh shorter
than the two preceding combined, ogival and acutely pointed; pro-
thorax small as in Melagria, much less narrowed at base than in Falagria,
acutely and deeply sulcate, the sulcus ending posteriorly in a small
deep fovea scarcely wider than the sulcus; surface not impressed
before the base ; scutellum as in Chitalia, sparsely and acutely grana-
lose, the granules sometimes parted along the middle; elytra with
widely exposed humeri; abdominal impressions subimpunctate ; legs
rather short but slender, the hind tarsi very slender, filiform, much
shorter than the tibiae, with the basal joint fully as long as the next
three combined . Nearctic America Leptagria
10 — Body very minute, parallel, rather strongly depressed, the middle
coxae somewhat narrowly though distinctly separated, the mesosternal
process extending about to the middle, arcuato-truncate at tip, meeting
the transversely convex metasternal projection on the same plane at a
rather fine suture and without intervening isthmus; prosternum before
the coxae moderate, its bind margin broadly angulate, the angle
228 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
rounded; head large, quadrate, sinuato -truncate at base, the angles
very distinct and narrowly rounded, the neck very slender, scarcely a
fourth as wide as the head, the median line deeply Impressed at and
anteriorly to the middle, the eyes small, ratber finely faceted; antennae
moderate in length, thesecond joint very much longer as well as thicker
than the third; prothorax small, only moderately narrowed at base,
finely, feebly impressed along the median line throughout the length,
the surface not transversely impressed before the base; side margins
acute, marked by larger punctures bearing stlfiE setae but not beadedi
scutellum feebly sculptured, flat; elytral humeri moderately exposed;
abdominal impressions impunctate; legs rather short, slender, bristling
throughout with sparse erect setae ; hind tarsi filiform but very short,
the basal joint not longer than the next two combined, two to four
subequal, rather short; claws well developed, somewhat strongly
arcuate. Florida Anenrota
Body only moderately small in size, much stouter, convex, not parallel, the
anterior parte much narrower than the hind body; middle coxae moder-
ately separated, the mesosternal process extending fully to the middle,
its tip arcuate, slightly free and separated from the correspondingly
sinuate apex of the shorter, transversely convex metasternal projection
by a very short, scarcely depressed isthmus; prosternum moderate be-
fore the coxae, its hind margin broadly angulate, the angle slightly
rounded, the corneous plates under the coxae thinner and paler than
usual, their inner margins arcuate, attaining the median line posteriorly
but leaving a small triangle of membrane exposed anteriorly; head
rounded behind, convex, the median line not impressed, the neck very
slender, scarcely more than a fifth as wide as the head ; eyes rather small,
but slightly prominent; antennae long, gradually and slightly incrassate
distally, the second and third joints long, subequal, the subapical not
transverse but compactly joined, the eleventh not quite as long as the
two preceding combined, pointed; prothorax only moderately narrowed
at base, convex, acutely sulcate along the median line except at apex,
the sulcus ending posteriorly in a large deep fovea, which is sometimes
transverse, the surface also sometimes transversely impressed near the
basal margin; scutellum flat, acutely granulose; elytral humeri very
widely exposed; abdominal impressions subimpunctate; legs long, very
slender, the hind tarsi almost as long as the tibiae, the basal joint as
long as the next three combined, the latter successively decreasing in
length; claws slender, moderately arcuate. Pacific coast of America.
Lissagria
11 — Form much more slender than in Lissagria, convex, the middle coxae
more or less narrowly separated, the mesosternal process extending to
the middle, sometimes parallel- sided and very narrow but varying
somewhat, the apex arcuate, free and separated from the short meta-
sternal projection by a long, transversely and strongly convex, more or
less distinctly depressed isthmus ; prosternum before the coxae moder-
ate in extent, its hind margin on the exposed surface broadly and ob-
tusely angulate, the angle rounded; on the inner or subcoxal edge it is
strongly and acutely cusped at the middle ; head rounded at base, the
neck about a fourth as wide, the eyes moderate, not at all prominent,
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 229
the surface very feebly and finely impressed along the median line to-
ward base; antennae rather long but strongly and gradually incrassate
distally, the first three joints subequal in length, the subapical slightly
transverse, equal in length, the eleventh about as long as the two pre-
ceding combined, pointed; prothorax only moderately narrowed toward
base, very finely and rather feebly impressed along the median line, not
transversely impressed before the scutellum, the sulcus ending poste-
riorly in a very slight enlargement; hypomera as ia Falagria, cle&rly
delimited from the pronotum by an entire beaded edge; elytra large or
small, the humeri more or less widely exposed ; scutellum flat, granu-
larly sculptured; abdominal impressions moderately and not densely
punctured ; legs slender, the hind tarsi long, slender and filiform, the
basal joint much elongated, the next three rapidly decreasing in length.
Pacific coast of America Falagriota
The succession of genera in the above table seems to be
fairly in accordance with natural affinities. The first three
genera and Aneurota are highly specialized types, without
any close allies, Cardiola differing from any other genus of
the subtribe in its deep mesocoxal cavities, which are very
abruptly excavated on all sides ; Lophagria is wholly peculiar
in its strongly carinate mesosternum and Chitalia differs
from any other in the uniform elevation of the entire meso-
sternum above the surfaces posterior thereto. Aneurota is
wholly isolated in tarsal structure and in general habitus.
The small subcoxal plates of Falagriola, which comes last in
the series, may be either rudimentary or vestigial. I incline
to the opinion that we have here a case of arrested develop-
ment, due to some obscure environmental condition, basing
this supposition upon the hypothesis that the archetypes of
the present subtribe came into being somewhere within the
nearctic regions and migrated to Europe by way of Green-
land. Such of the original stock as found its way to the Pa-
cific coast has, for some undiscoverable reason, lagged behind
in development and has remained in an almost primitive con-
dition as far as the subcoxal plates are concerned, constitut-
ing to-day the genus Falagriota. The genus Lissagria, also
inhabiting the Pacific coast regions, has progressed materially
further than Falagriota in the development of these singular
protective plates, but is still somewhat behind the present
standard of other faunal regions. The foreign genera indi-
cated above are the following : —
230 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
LoPHAGRiA n. gen. — This genus belongs to the Cardiola
type in general structure, particularly of the prothorax, but
differs in the posteriorly open middle coxae, a character com-
mon to all the genera following in the table and is wholly
isolated in the carinate mesosternum. In no other instance,
either in the Falagriae or Tachyusae known to me, is there
the slio-htest trace of the carinate median line of the meso-
sternum which is so strongly and completely developed in
Lophagria. The genus is founded upon a species sent to
me by Mr. Reitter under the name Falagria suhaenea Epp.,
taken at Taschkend.
Falagrioma n. gen. —The type of this genus and the only
species at present assignable to it as far as known to the
writer, is the common Falagria thoracica Curt., a specimen
from the region of the Caucasus being now at hand. It is
distinguishable at once from the true Falagria by the free
mesosternal process, simple and flat scutellum and other char-
acters as stated in the table. The antennae and legs are un-
usually thick, the prothorax rather short and broad and some-
what strongly narrowed at base ; the elytra are moderately
developed, having close-set granuliform sculpture toward the
scutellum, which is flat and covered with distinctly separated,
abruptly elevated minute tubercles, the sculpture of these
parts being almost exactly as in Chitalia. The impressions
of the abdomen are deep and almost sculptureiess, having
only a few remotely and unevenly spaced, moderately coarse
punctures.
Melagria n. gen. — This genus is one of the allies of
Falagria^ having a nearly similar structure of the intermeso-
coxal parts, but is composed of more minute species, havin;?
the scutellum flat and wholly devoid of any trace of the two
very prominent parallel carinae of that genus ; it also has a
smaller and more abbreviated prothorax, less narrowed at
base and with obsolescent median sulcus, the impression be-
fore the base, wanting in Falagria, being large and deep. Its
species are apparently rather numerous and those in my
cabinet are identified for me by Mr. Reitter under the names
Falagria nigra Grav., laevigata Epp., and yomca Reitt.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 231
Cardiola Rey.
The occurrence of this genus in America is probably due to
recent fortuitous importation and it is by no means certain
that it has established itself. It is one of the more isolated
of the Falagriae, as may be readily conceived by a glance at
the characters given in the table, and is not in any sense a
subgenus of Falagria. In the present subtribe the bottom of
the middle coxal cavities slopes gently upward posteriorly,
merging gradually into the metasternal surface behind in all
the genera except Cardiola, where the cavities are abruptly
deep and with steep walls on all sides as before stated, and
their edges are still more sharply defined throughout by a
fine but strong bead, causing the metasternal projection to be
abruptly limited at the sides, the latter condition not else-
where observable except in Lophagria. The single species
may be defined as follows ; —
Form rather stout, convex, highly polished, dark rufo-testaceous, the head
and abdomen behind the second segment blackish; legs and antennae
pale; vestiture rather long and coarse, decumbent, yellowish in color and
distinct but not conspicuous; punctures of the head, pronotum and
«lytra extremely minute, sparse and indistinct, the elytra not more
strongly sculptured toward the scutellum, the latter minutely but acutely,
not densely granulose ; abdomen closely and more coarsely, asperately
punctate, coarsely toward base, finely posteriorly, the impressions with
more or less sparse and coarse punctures; head small, the very large,
deep subbasal impression impunctate; antennae extending to the
middle of the elytra, the subapical joints equal in length, moderately
transverse, the second and third equally elongate; prothorax small,
slightly wider than the head, somewhat wider than long, the sides ar-
cuately and rather strongly converging to the base, the medial im-
pression broad and shallow, obsolete at apex and in about basal two-
fifths; elytra transverse, fully four-fifihs wider and two-fifths longer
than the prothorax, convex, the humeri very widely exposed, the sides
slightly diverging from the humeri, broadly and distinctly arcuate;
abdomen narrower than the elytra, the sides parallel and straight, the
border thick. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Pennsylvania (Mt.
Airy) ; common in Europe obscar a Grav.
The single American example before me is wholly identical
in every way with the European, indicating that, like Eulissus
fulgidus Fab., to be subsequently described, it is a recent
232 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
importation and not native. It may be put down as a truism
beyond cavil, that every endemic American species of Coleo-
ptera is distinct from any European species, however closely
they may approximate in general form. The early represen-
tatives of American or European species, migrating through
land connections by way of Alaska or Greenland, have all
been modified in such degree as to be specifically distinct at
the present day. The occurrence of recent importations is
usually sporadic and in the neighborhood of ports of entry
and very few recent importations to either continent from the
other have become widely diffused, except some generally de-
structive species of unusual adaptability and a relatively
limited number that are well known to be cosmopolitan and
so continually subject to transportation throughout the world
in commercial ships. A recognition of this truth, which can be
easily demonstrated to any careful observer, would have saved
many harmful and misleading errors in our recent faunistic
catalogues, notably that of the late Dr. Hamilton on the
Coleoptera common to Europe and America, which is in con-
siderable part erroneous. In a conversation with Mr. S. H.
Scudder, of Cambridge, Mass., I was informed that the facts
stated above in regard to the Coleoptera were equally true
even of the Macrolepidoptera.
Ghitalia Shp.
This remarkable genus was founded by Dr. Sharp upon a
few species belonging to the Sonoran province of the nearctic
fauna of Mexico, but it proves to be one of the most widely
disseminated types of North American Falagriae. It is also
completely isolated in its structural characters as previously
stated. The small, clearly separated, acutely elevated
granules of the scutellum are frequently parted along the
middle, giving rise to the channel mentioned by Le-
Conte in describing Falagria scutellai'is, but there is
seldom any trace of a true indentation of the scutellar
plate, and the character is moreover rather inconstant,
except in those species in which it is strongly devel-
oped; in hilohata, for example, a very narrow parting may
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 233
be observed in some individuals, which is barely traceable or
obsolete in others ; there is never any trace of the medial
cariuule of Lorinota. The middle coxae are more widely
separated and the mesosternal process shorter than in any
other genus of the subtribe; the coxae are, in fact, very re-
mote in some species. The elevation of the entire meso-
sternum above the metasternum and intermesocoxal parts is
entirely peculiar to Chitalia. The antennae are rather long
and thick, the last joint notably short and stout, the subapical
joints compactly joined but variable in form. The prothorax
is not only strongly narrowed at base but broadly and sinu-
ously constricted behind the widely inflated anterior part,
and the surface sloping toward the profound median sulcus
is frequently closely granulose,this peculiar sculpture appear-
ing also, in very minute form, on the basal parts of the elytra
toward the scutellum. The sculpture of the abdominal im-
pressions varies a good deal and gives opportunity for a di-
vision of the species as follows : —
Punctures of the abdominal impressions very coarse and closely, polygonally
crowded 2
Punctures of the impressions coarse but smaller, rounded and always
clearly separated; species smaller in size, the prothorax relatively
much smaller and less inflated at the sides anteriorly, the head more
truncate at base 7
2 — Large punctures of the abdominal impressions shallow, with flat floors
which are densely and minutely punctulate. Form rather stout, con-
vex, shining, pale brownish-testaceous io color with feeble subaeneous
reflection, the head slightly darker, the abdomen behind the third seg-
ment clouded with blackish; legs and antennae pale; vestiture incon-
spicuous; punctures of the head fine but distinct, sparse, those of the
pronotum finer and sparse but becoming larger, closer and granose
toward the sulcus except at apex, of the elytra very minute, sparse and
inconspicuous, finely granulose and close toward the scutellum, of the
abdomen sparse, fine and less sparse apically, strongly asperate toward
base ; head parallel at the sides with broadly rounded basal angles, the
surface feebly impressed on the median line of the occiput ; antennae
thick, extending about to the end of the elytra, moderately incrassate,
the snbapical joints slightly wider than long, the tenth slightly longer
than the ninth, the eleventh very short, stout and oval, the third much
elongated, longer than the second, the latter as long as the first but
thinner ; prothorax fully as wide as long, somewhat wider than the head,
the sides anteriorly strongly rounded, prominent, thence very strongly
converging and strongly sinuate to the base, the sulcus deep, widely im-
284 Trails. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
pressed, acute at the bottom, not extendin}^ quite to the apex or base;
elytra wider than long, two-fifths to two-thirds wider than the pro-
thorax and about a third longer, convex, the suture finely and deeply
impressed for a short distance behind the scutellum, the latter with a
narrow entire canaliculiform parting of the granulation ; humeri widely
exposed, obliquely rounded ; sides more arcuate posteriorly; abdomen
distinctly narrower than the elytra, with parallel and feebly arcuate
sides; legs long, moderately stout. Length 3.5 mm.; width 0.8-0.88
mm. New Mexico (Gallup) intricata n. sp.
Large punctures of the impressions much deeper, with less extended and
simple fioors, or, never having more than a trace of minute punctula-
tion 3
3 — Scutellum distinctly and apparently constantly channeled along the
middle i
Scutellum transversely convex basally, evenly granulose throughout, or
never with more than a very fine inconstant, incomplete or fugitive
channeling 6
4 — Color blackish, the apex of the abdomen and legs testaceous, the
antennae fuscous. Form attenuate, the vestiture fine, subsericeous;
prothorax ovate, very strongly narrowed behind, deeply canaliculate,
longer than wide, densely punctulate; scutellum distinctly channeled ;
elytra convex, not at all punctulate; abdomen finely punctate. Length
3.5 mm. New York (Coney Island). [^=Falagna sfiut. Lee.].
scntellaris Lee.
Color black or blackish throughout, the tip of the venter not paler; elytra
very minutely but evidently punctulate 5
.*) — Form stout, convex, the surface polished, piceous-black throughout,
the legs dark testaceous, the antennae blackish, paler at base; vestiture
short, fine, sparse and inconspicuous; head convex, wider than long,
arcuato- truncate at base with widely rounded angles, the sides parallel,
the punctures fine, sparse but distinct; eyes rather large; occiput feebly
impressed along the median line; antennae extending fully to the end of
the elytra, thick though only feebly incrassate distally, all the joints
elongate, the tenth distinctly elongate and two-thirds as long as the
eleventh, somewhat longer than the ninth, the third much longer than
the first or second ; prothorax large, somewhat wider than long, rather
distinctly wider than the head, the sides anteriorly circularly rounded
to the neck, abruptly, strongly converging and sinuate thence to the
base, the sulcus acute and deep, not attaining base or apex, the surface
broadly flat and gently sloping toward the sulcus and densely and
strongly granulose almost throughout; scutellum sparsely and strongly
granose, with a strongly marked, somewhat impressed median channel;
elytra transverse, fully three -fourths wider but scarcely more than a
fourth longer than the prothorax, convex, the sides more arcuate pos-
teriorly, the humeri widely exposed but somewhat oblique, the punc-
tures very fine and sparse, close and granuliform toward the scutellum,
rather distinct; abdomen narrower than the elytra, parallel, sparsely
punctulate, the punctures coarser and more asperate basally; middle
coxae very remotely separated, the mesosternal process projecting
more than usually between the coxae, with the transverse suture
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 235
strongly sinuous. Length 3.1 mm.; width 0.85 mm. Mississippi
(Vicksburg) grannlosa n. sp.
Form rather less stout, convex, polished throughout, similar In coloration
to the preceding species, the prothorax and basal segments of the ab-
domen faintly rufo-piceous; vestiture very fine, sparse and inconspic-
uous; head and antennae nearly as in granulosa, the sparse punctulaton
finer and scarcely visible, the occiput not at all impressed at the
middle, the third antennal joint but little longer than the second, the
ninth and tenth similarly elongate ; prothorax smaller, about as long as
wide, equal in width to the head, the sides circularly rounded to the
neck from just before the middle, thence less abruptly but equally
strongly converging and sinuate to the base, the surface very finely,
sparsely punctulate throughout, becoming granulose only near the
posterior end of the equally deep and similar sulcus, the surface
adjoining the latter not broadly flattened but strongly convex; scutel-
lum sparsely granose, the granules more narrowly parted along the
middle, forming a narrower channel which is not at all impressed ;
elytra less transverse, four-fifths wider than the prothorax and a third
longer, otherwise similar in form and finely, deeply impressed on the
suture for a short distance behind the scutellum, the punctulation much
finer and everywhere sparse, the granulation toward the scutellum
extremely fine, sparse and scarcely distinct even under high power of
the hand lens; abdomen and intermesocoxal parts nearly similar, the
hind tarsi scarcely two-thirds as long as the tibiae. Length 3.2 mm. ;
width 0.76 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg) illnstris n. sp.
6 — Form stout, convex as usual, shining, piceous-brown in color, the head
and abdomen slightly darker; legs and antennae pale throughout;
vestiture rather coarse and distinct but short and decumbent; head
wider than long, the basal angles very broadly rounded, the punctures
fine and sparse, subasperate on the occiput, the latter not impressed;
antennae extending fully to the end of the elytra, stout, feebly incras-
sate and compact, the subapicai joints fully as long as wide and sub-
equal, the third much longer than the second; prothorax about as wide
as the head and as long as wide, the sides rounded and infiated ante-
riorly, strongly, abruptly converging and broadly sinuate thence to the
base, the surface finely, sparsely punctulate, the punctures becoming
close and granose throughout the length on the convex slopes of the
sulcus, the surface at the sides near the base obliquely and linearly
impressed; base sinuate, fitting over the scutellum, the latter densely
granulose and opaque, paler in color, the granules finely parted along
the midd.e, the channel inconstant and unimpressed; elytra wider than
long, large, of the usual form, the punctures very fine, dense and
granuliform toward the scutellum; abdomen as in granulosa but more
densely puncvulate posteriorly, the punctures similarly coarser, asperate
and very sparse toward base. Length 3.1mm.; width 0.8 mm. Ohio
and Michigan. [= Aleochara bil. Say] bilobata Say
Form much less stout, shining, dark rufo-piceous, the head and posterior
parts of the abdomen darker, the first three segments of the latter and
the legs pale testaceous; antennae blackish, paler toward base; pubes-
cence very fine, inconspicuous; head rather larger than in bilobata,
236 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
fclightly wider than the prothorax and less rounded at base, similarly
punctate, the antennae shorter and thicker, extending to the middle of
the elytra, more incrassate distally, the subapical joints evidently
transverse, the tenth somewhat longer than the ninth, the third longer
than the second as usual; prothorax of the usual form, fully as wide as
long, medially sulcate and impressed at the sides of the base as in
bilobata but with the surface at each side of the sulcus flatter, though
similarly densely granulose throughout the length, the granules gradu-
ally smaller and feebler anteriorly; scutellum acutely and somewhat
closely granose, the granules not parted along the middle but tending
to form irregular longitudinal lines throughout; elytra smaller than in
bilobata but similarly sculptured, about three -fourths wider and a third
longer than the prothorax; abdomen nearly as in bilobata; intermeso-
coxal parts less punctate. Length 3.0-3.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm, Canada
(Ottawa), — W. H. Harrington canadensis n. sp.
Form nearly similar to canadensis, polished piceous-black throughout, the
legs pale red-brown, the antennae dusky, paler toward base; vestiture
fine, not very conspicuous; head rather large and about as wide as the
prothorax in the male, decidedly smaller and not as wide as the latter
in the female, broadly arcuato- truncate at base, the angles broadly
rounded, the punctures very minute and sparse ; antennae longer and
more slender than in canadensis, nearly as in bilobata, the subapical
joints fully as long as wide to a little longer; prothorax as long as wide,
of the usual form, the sides abruptly and strongly converging and sin-
uate posteriorly to the base, the sulcus deep as usual, the granules
nearly as in bilobata, except that they grow rapidly finer and sparser
exteriorly and aplcally; scutellum granulose, the granules not parted
along the middle; elytra and abdomen as in the two preceding species.
Length 2.8-3.1 mm.; width 0.7 mm. Iowa to New Jersey.
nigrescens u. sp.
7 Body much smaller in size than in the preceding species, stout, moder-
ately convex, polished, pale rufo-testaceous, the head and abdomen
slightly darker, the legs and antennae pale throughout; pubescence in-
conspicuous; head large, wider than long, parallel and straight at the
sides, rectilinearly truncate at base, the angles rather narrowly round-
ed; eyes moderate in size; surface not impressed, minutely, sparsely
punctulate, the antennae shorter than in the preceding section, stout,
extending to about basal third of the elytra, moderately incrassate
distally, the subapical joints distinctly transverse, the second and third
equal; prothorax fully as wide as long, much narrower than the head,
the sides prominently rounded anteriorly, thence not abruptly but
strongly convergent and straight to the base, not sinuate as in the pre-
ceding section; surface very minutely, sparsely punctulate, more strongly
and closely on the convexity at each side of the deep median sulcus, hav-
ing also a small fovea at each side near the base ; scutellum flat, sparsely,
granose, the granules widely parted along the middle; elytra three -
fourths wider and about a third longer than the prothorax, very sparsely,,
almost invisibly punctulate, more evidently and subgranularly toward
the scutellum, the humeri widely and obliquely exposed, the suture
impressed narrowly and deeply behind the scutellum, the sides more
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 237
arcuate posteriorly; abdomen parallel, arcuate at the sides, in themiddle
fully as wide as the elytra, minutely and very sparsely punctulate
throughout, the impressions with numerous coarse and unevenly dis-
tributed punctures. Length 2.2 mm. ; width 0.55 mm. Florida. [_=Fala-
gria part. Lee] partita Lee.
Body equally small but broader posteriorly, the head and prothorax rela-
tively narrower, the elytral humeri more broadly exposed, polished,
similar in coloration and vestiture throughout; head transverse, Inflated
toward the truncate base, the hind angles more broadly rounded, the
punctures extremely minute and sparse; antennae stout, very strongly
incrassate distally, but little longer than the head and prothorax, the
subapical joints strongly transverse; prothorax small, as long as
wide, very much narrower than the head, formed nearly as in partita,
the sides somewhat sinuate and very strongly convergent toward base,
the punctulation throughout excessively fine and sparse, scarcely at all
closer or more distinct on the convex slopes of the deep median sulcus;
scutellum closely granose, the granules parted along the the middle as
in the preceding ; elytra fully f our-flf ths wider and about two-flfths
longer than the prothorax, similarly sculptured and with the suture
conspicuously impressed behind the scutellum ; abdomen parallel with
the sides feebly arcuate, at the middle fully as wide as the elytra,
finely, sparsely punctulate, the impressions with few coarse punctures,
the latter almost wholly wanting in the third impression ; fourth tergite
feebly concave and wholly sculptureless along the basal margin as in
partita* Length 2.3 mm. ; width 0.63 mm. Florida (southeast coast).
floridana n. sp.
The species are rather numerous and will require care in
discrimination ; they are divisible into two subgeneric groups
as indicated above, the first comprising the larger species
with more rounded base of the head, more abruptly sinuate
sides of the prothorax from before the middle to the base,
coarsely and densely punctate abdominal impressions, longer
antennae and unimpressed intermesocoxal parts, with the
median part of the short mesosternal process projecting into
a corresponding sinus in the apex of the metasternum, which
I regard as typical Chitalia, and the other composed of
smaller species, with more truncate base of the head, shorter
and more incrassate antennae and without granules on the
pronotum, with sparsely punctate abdominal impressions,
and, more particularly, a gradually concave intermesocoxal
surface, with the mesosternal process rectilinearly truncate
and almost completely amalgamated with the metasternum,
the suture very fine. The former of these groups is purely
238 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
nearctic in range, excepting the Pacific coast, the second being
apparently West Indian. The description of scutellaris
given above, is drawn from the published statements of Le-
Conte, as I have not examined the unique type. It
is evidently related closely to granulosa but apparently
has a narrower prothorax, although the expression
" longer than wide " in the original description, as well as
the statement that the elytra are devoid of punctuation, is
probably erroneous. The elytral punctulation is quite dis-
tinct in granulosa y where the scutellar channel is well de-
veloped, but, in illustriSy is excessively fine and subinvisible
throughout, even toward the scutellum, but the pronotum,
which is said to be " densely punctulate " in scutellaris , is
almost smooth in illustris, contrasting very greatly with the
flattened and densely granulose slopes of the median sulcus
in granulosa. For these reasons I do not feel warranted in
identifying any one of the species before me as the scutellaris
of LeConte.
Lorinota n. gen.
This genus, which is also one of the characteristic types of
nearctic North America, differs profoundly from the preceding
in its less robust form of body, normal mesosternum, rather
narrowly separated middle coxae, with the mesosternal process
projecting between them as a narrow and parallel-sided, free,
spatuliform process, separated from the short metasternal
projection by a deeply depressed and clearly defined short
isthmus, in its longer and more slender antennae, generally
more rounded base of the head and longer prothorax, which
is equally deeply sulcate but without the peculiar coarse
granulation of Chitalia, although the punctures frequently
become asperulate. The hypomera are well defined by a
beaded edge, but are longer and narrower than usual and
much more parallel-sided than in any of the succeeding
genera. The scutellum is carinate, roughly sculptured, with
its posterior part bent upward to the plane of the elytra and
its basal part covered by the broadly arched base of the pro-
notum as in Chitalia, though here the pronotal base is truu-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 239
cate or arcuate from a vertical point of view aud the basal
margin is coarsely and strongly beaded ; the scutellar carina
is usually incomplete and frequently very fine. The elytra
and abdomen are much as in Ghitalia and other genera of this
subtribe, but, on the former, the fine punctulation does not
become closer and granulif orm toward the scutellum as it does
in Chitalia, Falagrioma, Lissagria and perhaps some other
genera. Lorinota further differs from Chitalia in having
the impressions of the abdominal tergites gradually feebler
from the first to the third, and even more variably sculptured,
and in having the legs more slender, with the hind tarsi
longer, more filiform, equally slender throughout, with the
basal joint very much longer, sometimes almost as long as the
entire remainder. The apex of the elytra externally is
scarcely at all produced posteriorly and is either broadly
angulate or rounded. This genus is without doubt closely
related to the gigantic Mexican species, some 5 mm. or
more in length, for which Dr. Sharp proposed the genus
/Stenagria, hMt, as the large extension of theprosternum before
the coxae is particularly mentioned as one of the most promi-
nent characters of Stenagria, I believe Lorinota will prove
to be distinct, since the ante-coxal part of the prosternum is
no more developed here than in Chitalia or any other related
genus that follows in the table given above. The species are
rather numerous and may be readily divided into two groups,
which are confined to special faunal regions, as follows : —
Species of the Sonoraa fauna, larger in size, tiie scutellum coarsely and un-
evenly elevated along the median line for a short distance from the
base, the elevation usually succeeded on the median line by a short
smooth depression 2
Species of the Atlantic nearctic fauna, smaller in size and frailer in
structure, the scutellum with a very fine but even carina on the median
line, usually much abbreviated and variably so within specific limits.. 5
2 — Abdomen very minutely and sparsely punctulate throughout 3
Abdomen finely and closely punctulate 4
3 — Form rather stout, convex, black or piceous-black throughout, pol-
lished, the legs dark red-brown, the antennae fuscous, paler toward
base and sometimes at apex; vestiture short and rather coarse but
sparse and wholly inconspicuous; head large, wider than long, the sides
behind the small and prominent eyes converging and slightly arcuate
for a long distance, the base abruptly arcuato -truncate, the angles
240 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
more than right but very distinct, the surface mlnately and sparsely
punctulate, broadly concave in the male^ somewhat flattened in the
female ; antennae rather stout, but feebly incrassate distally, extending
fully to the middle of the elytra, the third joint much longer than the
first or second, the subapical joints fully as long as wide; prothorax
distinctly narrower than the head in both sexes, very slightly longer
than wide, the sides evenly rounded anteriorly, thence very strongly
converging and just visibly, broadly sinuate to the base, the surface,
like that of the head, devoid of minute ground sculpture, very minutely
and sparsely punctulate throughout, the sulcus very deep, impressed;
scutellum minutely, densely rugulose; elytra four-flfths wider but
scarcely a fourth longer than the prothorax, the humeri very widely
exposed and oblique at base, the sides very feebly diverging from base
to apex, arcuate, the surface convex, having a ground sculpture of
minute lines forming rather coarse reticulations, also finely, sparsely
and asperulately punctured throughout, the suture linearly impressed
just behind the scutellum; abdomen very minutely, feebly reticulate in
wavy transverse lines, the basal impressions wholly impunctate except
the first, which has a few widely spaced coarse punctures, the sides
parallel and distinctly arcuate, at the middle subequal in width to the
elytra; legs long, moderately slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi
equal in length to the next three combined, the latter decreasing uni-
formly and slowly in length; claws rather short, slender. Length 3.2
mm.; width 0.75 mm. New Mexico (Las Vegas) and Arizona (Flag-
staff) cariceps n. sp.
Form somewhat less stout, convex, polished, dark rufo-piceous in color,
the head and elytra slightly more blackish than the prothorax; legs
piceo-testaceous, paler distally, the antennae fuscous, gradually pale
basally; vestiture sparse and inconspicuous; head slightly wider than
long, the sides at first feebly converging behind the eyes, then very
broadly rounded into the less arcuate base, the angles obliterated ; sur-
face minutely, sparsely punctulate, broadly flattened or feebly concave,
the antennae moderately stout, scarcely visibly incrassate distally,
long, extending fully to the end of the elytra, the second and third
joints subequal, the outer joints fully as long as wide, the sparse erect
bristles rather conspicuous throughout ; prothorax nearly as in cavieep$
but narrower and distinctly more elongate with the strongly converg-
ing sides straight, slightly narrower than the head, similarly deeply
sulcateand finely, sparsely punctulate; scutellum flnely, densely ruga-
lose; elytra nearly similar in form but with the surface perfectly
smooth, like the anterior parts, atid not micro-reticulate and with the
very sparse punctulation not asperulate and scarcely perceptible, the
post-scutellar impression small and deep; abdomen parallel with
arcuate sides, everywhere distinctly narrower than the elytra, flnelf
and feebly micro-reticulate, the first impression coarsely and densely
punctured at the bottom, the second and third much narrower than
the flrst and impunctate or very sparsely and obsoletely so ; legs long
and slender, the femora not as thick as in caviceps, the hind tarsi
longer and more slender, three-fourths as long as the tibiae, the basal
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 241
joint almost as long as the entire remainder. Length 3.2 mm. ; width
0.66 mm. Arizona (Pinal Mts.) , — H, F. Wickham ...... pinalica n. sp.
4 — Form moderately stout, convex, polished, pale rufo-piceous through-
out, the abdomen slightly clouded apically, the antennae fuscous except
basally, the legs pale; pubescence inconspicuous; integuments not at all
micro-reticulate at any part; head large, slightly transverse, broadly,
evenly arcuate at base, the sides parallel, the angles broadly rounded;
eyes small, slightly prominent, the surface minutely, sparsely punctu-
late, broadly impunctate toward the middle, where the surface is evenly
convex in the male or feebly, broadly impressed along the middle in
the female; antennae very long, moderately slender, fully attaining the
apex of the elytra, only very slightly incrassate distally, the third joint
longer than the second, the subapical rather longer than wide; prothorax
elongate, distinctly narrower than the head, especially in the male, the
sides broadly, angularly prominent at apical two-fifths, rounded thence
to the neck and strongly converging and very feebly sinuate to the
base, the sulcus deep, the surface minutely, sparsely punctulate,
asperately and less sparsely so very near the sulcus throughout but
particularly toward base ; scutellum acutely granose ; elytra four-fifths
wider but only very slightly longer than the prothorax, minutely,
sparsely punctulate throughout, the humeri widely and obliquely ex-
posed at base, the impression behind the scutellum large and deep;
abdomen parallel with evenly arcuate sides, at the middle as wide as
the elytra in the male, narrower in the female, very finely, moderately
closely punctulate, the punctures asperate and coarser on the first seg-
ment, finer on the second and third and still finer posteriorly, the first
impression broad, arcuate, coarsely and closely but not polygonally
punctured, the second and third narrower and straighter, each with a
single series of coarse and well spaced punctures in median half; legs
long, the basal joint of the hind tarsi longer than the next three com-
bined. Length 3.2-3.6 mm.; width 0.7 mm. Arizona. ... arizonica n. sp.
Form nearly similar, convex, polished, the integuments devoid of micro-
reticulation throughout, dark piceo-castaneous throughout, the head
blackish, the antennae sometimes slightly infumate except at base;
pubescence inconspicuous; head moderate, nearly as long as wide, sub-
parallel, the basal angles very broadly rounded and obliterated, the
punctures very minute and sparse, slightly larger and asperulate on
the occiput, the vertex not impressed in the types; antennae much
shorter than in the preceding, thicker and much more incrassate dis-
tally, extending to about the middle of the elytra, the second and third
joints equal, the subapical obviously wider than long; prothorax elon-
gate, nearly as in arizoniea throughout, except that the fine punctula-
tion is only very obsoletely asperate near the sulcus, distinctly narrower
than the head; scutellum similar; elytra also similar except that the
minute punctulation is more close-set and still closer, coarser and
decidedly asperate very near the suture behind the scutellum, the im-
pression much feebler and more diffuse; abdomen parallel, the sides
strongly, evenly arcuate, at the middle but little narrower than the
elytra, the surface finely, very closely punctulate throughout, some-
what less finely toward base, the first impression large, arcuate,
242 Trans. Aead. Set. of St. Louis.
rather coarsely, very densely punctured, the second and third narrower
and much less coarsely and more closely punctured than in arizonica,
impunctate narrowly at the sides; hind tarsi very slender, the basal
joint about as long as the entire remainder. Length 2.9-3.4 mm. ;
width 0.66-0.69 mm. Colorado (Colorado Springs), — H. F. Wickham.
fontinalis n. sp.
Form nearly similar, convex, polished, the sculpture similar but stronger,
body piceous-black throughout, the elytra and basal ventrals some-
what paler, the antennae infuscate, paler toward base; femora blackish,
the tibiae piceous, the tarsi flavescent; vestiture wholly inconspicu-
ous; head as in fontinalis, the basal angles very broadly rounded
but having the surface very broadly, feebly impressed toward the median
line, the latter very finely and feebly but acutely impressed by re-
flected light; antennae longer, extending to the end of the elytra,
stout but rather less incrassate distally, the second and third joints
equal, the ninth fully as long as wide and rather longer than the tenth,
which is somewhat wider than long; prothorax formed as in the two
preceding species, narrower than the head, the minute and sparse
punctulatlon closer, coarser and rather strongly asperate on the convex
slopes of the deep sulcus, especially at base; scutellum similar; elytra
nearly similar, more transverse, fully four-fifths wider than the pro-
thorax but not definitely longer, the punctulatlon unusually close and
strongly asperate, especially near the inner basal angles, the sutural
impression stronger than in fontinalis ; abdomen similar in form and
sculpture, not quite as wide as the elytra, the punctures of the first
impression coarse and irregularly crowded, those of the second
and third only slightly coarse but closely and irregularly crowded;
basal joint of the hind tarsi almost as long as the entire remainder, the
next three uniformly and rapidly decreasing in length. Length 3.1-
3.4 mm. ; width 0.66-0.72 mm. New Mexico (Cloudcroft), — W. Knaus.
acomana n. sp.
5 — Head strongly, almost evenly rounded at base 6
Head broadly arcuato-truncate at base, with much more distinct angles.. 7
6 — Body moderately slender, convex, polished, the integuments not mlcro-
reticulate at any part, pale rufo-castaneous, the abdomen blackish
posteriorly, the elytra sometimes slightly paler at base ; pubescence not
very conspicuous; head orbicular, convex, not impressed, the eyes
small, the antennae extending fully to the apex of the elytra, rather
slender toward base but sensibly thick and incrassate distally though
very gradually as usual, the subapical joints equal and slightly longer
than wide, the second and third subequal; punctures very minute and
sparse but becoming larger, closer and asperate on the occiput; pro-
thorax distinctly narrower than the head, narrow and elongate, the
sides evenly rounded anteriorly, thence strongly convergent and feebly
sinuate for a long distance to the base, deeply sulcate, the punctures
very minute and sparse but becoming closer, larger and asperate nar-
rowly on the convex slopes of the sulcus ; scutellum finely and rather
sparsely granulose, very finely carinate, the carina sometimes extending
to the extreme tip; elytra fully four-fifths wider but only very slightly
longer than the prothorax, of the usual form in the preceding section
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 243
and having very widely exposed oblique humeri, impressed behind the
scutellum, the punctures extremely minute, sparse and scarcely visible;
abdomen parallel, with evenly arcuate sides, much narrower than the
elytra throughout, minutely, rather closely but not distinctly punctu-
late, the first segment longer than in the preceding species, narrower
at base and more dilated at tip, with its surface flat, the impression
large and posteriorly arcuate but shallow, coarsely, closely punctured
in median half, the second and third impressions narrow and having
some coarse, moderately close-set punctures except at the sides; legs
very slender, the hind tarsi almost as long as the tibiae, the basal joint
as long as the entire remainder. Length 2.5-2.8 mm. ; width 0.66 mm.
Pennsylvania, Iowa and Wisconsin. 1= Falagria cing . Lee.].
cingnlata Lee.
Body nearly similar but notably more slender, polished, plceous-black in
color, the sides of the elytral base slightly pale, the first two ventrals
testaceous though blackish in the impressions; legs and antennae
piceous-black, the latter toward base and the tarsi pale; vestlture not
distinct; head orbicular, fully as long as wide, convex, minutely, very
sparsely and scarcely visibly punctulate except at the base, where the
punctures become close, strongly asperate and distinct; antennae long
and very slender, scarcely perceptibly incrassate distally, extending
rather beyond the elytra, the third joint distinctly longer than the
second, the subapical equal and much longer than wide, the eleventh
elongated and slender but not as long as the two preceding combined ;
prothorax In outline nearly as In cingulata but not evidently
narrower than the head, the sulcus deep but somewhat more abruptly
formed, the bordering surface almost similarly convex but with the
minute sparse punctulation not evidently closer, coarser or more
asperate ; scutellum finely granulose, finely carinate but only toward
base; elytra similar in form but notably narrower, with the sparse
punctulation more asperate and rather more evident, the post-scutellar
impression broad and evenly concave ; abdomen throughout nearly as In
cingulata, the fine punctulation rather less close-set but more asperu-
late; legs very slender, the extremely slender and filiform hind tarsi
having the basal joint apparently even longer than the entire remainder.
Length 2.5 mm. ; width 0.6 mm. Ohio (Cincinnati) and Iowa.
tennicornis n. sp.
7 — First impression of the abdomen coarsely, rather conspicuously punc-
tured at least toward the middle 8
Basal impression similar to the second and third, acutely impressed, pol-
ished and impunctate or nearly so 9
g — Form slender, convex, polished, dark piceonn or blackish, the elytra at
base and apex, the first ventral and apex of the second, tibiae, tarsi and
antennae toward base, pale flavate, remainder of the latter and femora
plceous; pubescence fine, Inconspicuous; head convex, wider than long,
transversely arcuate at base with rounded angles, the punctures very
minute and sparse, not notably asperulate on the occiput; antennae
rather stout, attaining the middle of the elytra, distinctly incrassate
distally, the three subapical joints obviously transverse, the third
slightly longer than the second ; prothorax elongate, nearly as in the
244 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
two preceding species, tlie sulcus deep, the punctures extremely minute
and sparse throughout, not more asperate near the sulcus except at
base; scutellum finely granulose, with a very fine and subentire median
carina; elytra very short and transverse, four-fifths wider than the
prothorax but scarcely as long as the latter, the punctures very minute
and sparse, the sutural impression at the scutellum distinct, the humeri
very oblique at base and widely exposed; abdomen parallel with
strongly, evenly arcuate sides, much narrower than the elytra, minutely
but not very sparsely punctulale, less minutely and more sparsely
toward base, the impressions decreasing rapidly in size and depth, the
third narrow and feeble, the first deep, strongly arcuate and coarsely,
closely punctate except at the elides, the second and third not more
coarsely punctate, impunctate along the basal margin; legs very slender
as usual. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.53 mm. North Carolina (Tryon), —
shaken from pines gracilis n. sp.
Form somewhat less slender, smaller in size, moderately convex, polished,
rufo-testaceous throughout, the abdomen clouded with blackish except
toward base, the head and elytra somewhat picescent, the latter fiaves-
cent at base and narrowly at apex ; antennae and legs pale ; head large,
wider than long, parallel at the sides, the base very broadly arcuato-
truncate, the angles well rounded, the surface unimpressed, finely,
sparsely punctulale, the punctures larger and feebly asperate on the
occiput; antennae attaining the middle of the elytra, feebly incrassate
distally, the second and third joints much elongated, equal, the three
subapical wider than long; prothorax only very slightly longer than
wide, much narrower than the head, the sides prominent and angularly
rounded at apical two-fifths, thence strongly converging and straight
to the base, the sulcus and fine sparse punctulation as in gracilis; elytra
nearly as in that species but not quite so short or transverse, very
slightly longer than the prothorax and four-fifths wider, the sparse
punctulation slightly asperate, the post-scutellar impression very deep;
abdomen nearly as in gracilis, the first impression with only a few
coarse punctures toward the middle, the second and third feebler and
sublmpunctate. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.48 mm. Florida.
parva n. sp.
9 — Rather slender, convex, polished throughout, pale testaceous, the elytra
equally pale but subpiceous, paler at base and apex; abdomen less con-
vex than usual, polished, black, the first two segments pale flavate ex-
cept finely along their basal margins; antennae fuscous, pale at tip and
toward base, the legs pale throughout; pubescence wholly inconspicu-
ous; head well developed, broadly arcuato-truncate at base, subparallel
at the sides, the eyes rather large and prominent, the basal angles
rounded; punctures very minute and sparse, not noticeably larger or
asperate on the occiput; antennae long, rather stout, very feebly Incras-
sate distally, attaining the apex of the elytra, the second and third joints
equal, the ninth as long as wide, the tenth very nearly so ; prothorax
distinctly elongate, much narrower than the head, the sides evenly
rounded anteriorly, thence strongly convergent to the base, becoming
evidently sinuate, the surface convex, the sulcus deep, the punctulation
very sparse and almost obsolete; scutellum sparsely, minutely granu-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 245
lose, the fine carina not quite entire ; elytra transverse, of the usual
form with very widely exposed oblique humeri, the outer sides scarcely
as long as the prothorax, the punctulation fine and sparse, the post-
scutellar impression broad and deep; abdomen much narrower than
the elytra, parallel with arcuate sides, very sparsely, extremely minutely
and almost obsoletely punctulate, the impressions subequal, narrow,
rather deep, polished and impunctate, the basal with a few very obso-
lete and widely spaced punctures visible only under high power; legs
very slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi not quite as long as the
remainder. Length 2.6 mm.; with 0.62 mm. Iowa.
bilimbata n. sp.
The above identification of cingulata Lee, satisfies all the
published characters except sculpture of the abdomen and size
of the body. The rather close-set punctulation of the abdomen
is sufliciently evident, though very fine, but LeConte describes
the surface as smooth. The size is given as 3-3.5 mm. in
length, which, it seems to me, must be an error, as the
species of that size in the present genus are confined to the
Sonoran fauna, all the numerous eastern examples in my
cabinet being much smaller and frailer insects. It is prob-
able that the author described cingulata from a miscellaneous
collection of specimens, including cm^wZa^a proper and other
species, as well perhaps as some of the much larger representa-
tives of the genus Chitalia, and inadvertently measured some
of the larger specimens, making the observation concerning the
smooth abdomen from hilimbata, or some allied species, where
the abdomen is really almost smooth. It would be well,
therefore, to consider the species above selected as the true
cingulata, as it has the scutellar carina frequently entire and
therefore liable to be observed with the optical means of re-
search then in vogue and because all the other characters fully
satisfy the original description.
Falagria Steph.
This genus is distinguishable at once from any, other of the
subtribe by the acutely bicarinate scutellum. The body is
smaller in size than in either of the preceding genera, convex,
generally black or dark in color, with the characters as stated
in the table, the legs being rather short and stouter than
usual in dissecta and allied species, with the basal joint of the
246 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
hind tarsi much shorter than the next three combined in the
first group of the table, longer and equal to the succeeding three
in the second with two to four subequal among themselves.
The basal impressions of the first three tergites are moderate
in width, rather deep, subequal and nearly always coarsely and
conspicuously punctured in single line. The base of the pro-
notum is arched over the scutellura but is sinuate from a
vertical viewpoint, more strongly so in the middle. Besides
the six American species that follow, Falagria will include
such European forms as sulcata Payk., and sulcatula
Grav. : —
Elytral punctures fine but asperate and distinct. Atlantic dislricts 2
Elytral punctures extremely minufe, sparse, not at all asperate and scarcely
visible; prothorax more elongate and more strongly constricted toward
base. Soaoran faunal districts *
2 — Abdominal impressions closely punctured. Form moderately stout,
black or piceous- black, the elytra genernlly somewhat paler; legs plceo-
testaceous, the antennae piceous-black throughout; vestiture fine,
short, sparse and inconspicuous; integuments polished, not at all micro-
reliculate at any part; head wider than loug, convex, somewhat inflated
but with parallel arcuate sides behind the eyesi, which are moderate and
prominent; base broadly arcuato-truncate, the angles rounded, the sur-
face minutely, sparsely punctulate, the median line flattened and im-
punctate except at base; antennae almost attaining the middle of the
elytra, moderately slender, rather distinctly, very gradually incrassate
distally, the second joint equal in length to the third but thicker, the
subapical joints not quite as long as wide; prothorax distinctly wider
than the head, somewhat wider than long, the sides inflated and strongly
rounded anteriorly, thence strongly convergent and moderately sinuate
to the base, which is three-fifths as wide as the disk, the sulcus deep, not
attaining base or apex as usual, the surface convex, finely, sparsely,
asperately and equally punctulate; scutellar carlnae strong, acute and
entire as usual; elytra moderate, about one- half wider and a fourth
lonaer than the prothorax, convex, the sutural impression behind the
scutellum very small and scarcely distinct, the punctures even, rather
close-set, the humeri widely and obliquely exposed at base; abdomen
parallel with the sides nearly straight, obviously narrower than the
elytra, finely, closely punctured, the punctures attended by fiattenedand
elongate asperities, those of the first and frequently of the second im-
pression coarse and notably closely crowded, generally with carinulate
interspaces. Length 1.9-2.6 mm.; width 0.47-0.53 mm. Rhode Island
and New York (Catskill Mts.) to Wisconsin (Bayfield) and Texas
(Austin) dissecta Er.
Abdominal impressions not very closely punctate; punctulation throughout
sparser, the size more minute 3
3— Body slender, convex, blackish-piceous, the elytra piceo-testaceous,
Casey — ObservaUoTis on the Staphylinidae. 247
the legs testaceous, the antennae dusky; bead nearly as in dissecta but
relatively larger, parallel and scarcely arcuate at the sides, broadly
arcuato-truncate at base with well rounded angles, the sculpture very
minute and obsolescent; antennae barely attaining the middle of the
elytra, rather strongly incrassate distally, the subapical joints evidently
shorter than wide, the tenth longer than the ninth, the second and third
equal in length, the first three decreasing uniformly and rapidly in
thickness; prothorax scarcely as wide as the head, somewhat wider
than long, the sides broadly, evenly rounded in about apical half, then
strongly convergent and feebly sinuate to the base, the latter fully two-
thirds as wide as the disk, the sulcus deep; surface still more minutely
and sparsely and less asperately punctulate than in dissecta; elytra one-
half wider and fully a third longer than the prothorax, as in dissecta but
more finely and sparsely punctulate and with the sutural post-scutellar
impression long, narrow and deep; abdomen similarly parallel and nar-
rower than the elytra, with close asperulate sculpture, less dense than
in dissecta, the punctures of the impressions rather close-set but not
sufficiently so to be crowded, always circular in form. Length 1.7 mm. ;
width 0.4 mm. Iowa (Cedar Rapids) iowana n. sp.
Body slender, more convex, pale piceo-testaceous in color throughout,
polished; head as in the preceding species, finely, sparsely punctulate,
the median line broadly impunctate even basally; antennae about at-
taining basal third of the elytra, rather strongly incrassate distally, the
second joint much longer than the third as well as thicker, six to ten
strongly transverse, eight to teu increasing in length as well as thick-
ness; prothorax small, not quite as wide as the head, strongly convex,
in form and obsolete sparse punctulalion nearly as in iowana; elytra
broader and more transverse, four-fifths wider than the prothorax and
about a third longer, similarly punctulate, the punctures minute and
sparse, the suture with a very short feeble impression behind the scu-
tellum; abdomen also wider than in iowana but parallel and straight at
the sides, the sculpture moderately close-set and feebly asperulate, less
finely and more sparsely toward base as usual, the basal impressions
each with a series of moderately coarse circular, widely and irregularly
separated punctures, only four to six in number in each impression, the
type having but four punctures in the basal impression, two at each
side of the middle, the latter broadly impunctate. Length 1.8 mm.;
width 0.45 mm. New York (Ithaca),— H. H. Smith ithacana n. sp.
4 — Basal joint of the antenae stout, oval, with rounded sides. Form
moderately stout, convex, polished, dark castaneous, the elytra feebly
rufescent; legs piceo-testaceous, the antennae dusky, pale at base;
vestiture indistinct; head wider than long, parallel, broadly arcuate at
base with very broadly rounded angles, the surface almost evenly con-
vex, minutely, sparsely punctulate; antennae extending to the middle
of the elytra, distinctly incrassate distally, the joints eight to ten very
slightly wider than long, subequal in length, the second a little longer
than the third, the former visibly the thicker, both much less inflated
than the first; prothorax fully as long as wide and distinctly wider than
the head in the female, scarcely in the made, the sides strongly rounded
anteriorly, thence abruptly, strongly convergent and broadly, strongly
248 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
sinuate to the base, which is barely three -fifths as wide as the dislj;
surface deeply sulcate, strongly convex, with a short transverse
impreesion just before the base at each side of the middle, the punctu-
lation very minute, not asperate, sparse and subobsolete; scutellura as
in the preceding group; elytra three-fourths wider and barely a third
longer than the prothorax, sparsely and extremely minutely punctulate,
convex, the post-scutellar impression distinct; abdomen much nar-
rower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides, arcuately nar-
rowing near the tip, the sculpture not at all asperulate but with very
fine and moderately close-set, nearly simple puuctulation, which
becomes less minute, sparser aud somewhat asperate toward base, the
basal impressions with coarse, deep, crowded punctures, the inter-
spaces being sublinear. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Colorado
(Canon City) and New Mexico (.Las Vegas) sabsimilis n. sp.
Basal joint of the antennae narrower, more cylindric 5
5 — Form, coloration and sculpture nearly as in subsimilis, polished, cas-
taneous; head larger, wider than long, more broadly truncate and less
arcuate at base than in subsimilis, parallel at the sides, with the angles
much more narrowly rounded, sparsely, inconspicuously punctulate;
antennae rather thick and distinctly incrassate distally, barely extend-
ing to basal third of the elytra, the second joint somewhat longer than
the third, joints seven to ten very disctinctly wider than long; prothorax
fully as wide as long, equal in width to the head, the sides anteriorly very
strongly rounded, more prominent than in subsimilis, thence strongly
convergent, and broadly, strongly sinuate to the base, the deep su'cus
aud tine sparse puuctulation nearly as in gubsimilis; elytra and abdomen
nearly similar, the latter somewhat broader and fully as wide as the
elytra, parallel with slightly arcuate sides, arcuately narrowing toward
tip, the fine puuctulation rather more close-set, the impressions simi-
larly sculptured. Length 2.2 mm. ; width 0.62. Texas (Austin).
texana n. sp.
Form rather more elongate, larger, polished, piceous-black, the prothorax
and basal parts of the abdomen very slightly paler, rufescent; legs
pale, the antennae fuscous ; pubescence scarcely noticeable ; head nearly
as in texana, the antennae similar in length, moderately incrassate dis-
tally, the second joint distinctly longer than the third but scarcely
thicker, eighth to tenth wider than long; prothorax as long as wide,
slightly wider than the head in the female but not obviously so in
the male, the sides inflated and circularly rounded anteriorly from the
neck to apical two-fiths, where they become abruptly and angularly,
strongly convergent and sinuate to the base, which is barely three -fifths
as wide as the disk; sulcus and fine, sparse puuctulation as in the
preceding species; elytra three-fourths wider and a third longer than
the prothorax, sparsely and almost imperceptibly punctulate, the suture
narrowly impressed behind the scutellum; abdomen parallel with
feebly arcuate sides, widest at about two-thirds from the base, nar-
rower than the elytra, finely, feebly and moderately closely asperulate in
sculpture, more coarsely and sparsely toward base, the impressions
coarsely and closely punctured; basal joint of the hind tarsi f ully aa
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 249
long as the next three combined. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.65 mm.;
Utah (St. George),— H. F. Wickham angalata n. sp.
The very numerous examples of dissecta before me, from
various parts of the country, are fairly homogeneous but, at
the same time, there may be some subspecific forms among
them. The Texan specimens, for example, are generally
smaller in size, with rather paler legs and elytra and usually
somewhat less dense abdominal sculpture than those from
central New York, but the differences are slight and scarcely
specific. The species of the first group of the table consti-
tute a peculiarly American type, those of the second being
simihir in every way to the European sulcata. The palae-
arctic sulcatula forms still another group of the genus,
having smaller elytra, with the sides more diverging from the
base and impressed throughout the length along the suture
and with a rather more elongate scutellum. The abdomen
in angulata is much more asperulate in sculpture than in
subsimilis and texana, the latter being rather closely allied,
the former being distinguishable from texana by the more
broadly rounded basal angles of the head and narrower ab-
pomen, as well as the thicker basal joint of the antennae ;
a third specimen, from Austin, is placed at present with the
two types, although the prothorax is much more rounded
and less oblique at the sides of the apex and the strong con-
vergence and sinuation of the sides posteriorly begins only
slightly before the middle ; the form in fact appears to be
strikingly different, but it may be sexual in origin.
Lieptagria n. gen.
The species of this genus are among the more minute of
the present subtribe, rather closely allied to Falagria in
general structure but with the prothorax less constricted
behind and having a finer, though very evident, sulcus.
They differ from Falagria especially in having the scutellum
flat, simply granulose, though with the granules tending to
coalesce into short irregular longitudinal lines, and frequently
parted along the middle in much the same manner as in
2o0 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Ohitalia. They also differ in the more widely separated
middle coxae, with the broadly arcuato-truncate mesoster-
nal process fitting closely against the metasternal projec-
tion, on the same level, without depression of any kind
and without an intervening isthmus. The basal joint of the
hind tarsi is very slender, fully as long as the next three
combined, the latter decreasing slowly and regularly in length.
In some features Leptagria recalls the European genus
Melagria^ but may be readily distinguished by the characters
of the table. We know at present but two species which may
be described as follows : —
Form slender, subparallel, moderately convex, polished, pale brownish-
testaceous, the antennae distally, head and an apical abdominal cloud
darker, piceous; pubescence inconspicuous; head wider than long,
parallel, the base broadly arcuato-truncate with the angles rounded;
eyes well developed, rather prominent, the punctures very minute and
sparse; antennae extending nearly to the middle of the elytra, moder-
ately incrassate distally, the second joint much longer than the third,
seven to nine distinctly transverse, equal in length, the tenth decidedly
longer but still obviously wider than long, the eleventh short, obtuse;
prothorax small, somewhat wider than long, evidently narrower than
the head, the sides evenly rounded anteriorly, thence strongly converg-
ing but scarcely at all sinuate to the base, which is nearly three-fourths
as wide as the disk; sulcus ending abruptly near apex and base, the
surface strongly convex, very minutely, sparsely and obsoletely punct-
ulate; scutellar granules parted narrowly along the middle; elytra
nearly four-fiftha wider and more than a third longer than the pro-
thorax, the sides evidently diverging from the base, rather strongly
arcuate posteriorly, extremely minutely and somewhat sparsely punctu-
late throughout, not impressed on the suture ba&ally ; abdomen sub-
parallel, rather wide, with nearly straight sides, posteriorly fully as
wide as the elytra, very minutely, not very closely punctulate, the first
impression with a few coarser but subobsolete punctures, the second
and third gradually narrower and feebler, impunctate; legs very slender,
the hind tarsi slightly shorter than the tibiae. Length 1.65 mrn,;
width 0.88 mm. Texas (Brownsville), — H. F. Wickham.
perexilis n. sp.
Form and coloration nearly similar throughout, slightly stouter, equally
shining, the head nearly similar; antennae almost similar but rather
stouter and more incrassate, the joints six to ten decidedly transverse,
the tenth obviously longer than the ninth, the eleventh ogival, not as
long as the two preceding together, second much longer than the third ;
prothorax larger, somewhat wider than long, the sides more angularly
prominent before the middle, thence converging and broadly, feebly
sinuate to the base, the surface less convex but similarly sculptured.
Casey — Ohservaiions on the Staphylinidae. 261
the sulcus distinct, narrow and rather abruptly formed as in perexilis
and ending behind in the same small deep fovea which is not wider
than the sulcus itself; scutellar granules not parted along the middle;
elytra longer and much broader but otherwise nearly similar, broadly
and obsoletely impressed behind the scutellum, the punctures very
fine, only moderately sparse, becoming close-set, larger and more
asperulate near the inner basal angles; abdomen distinctly narrower
than the elytra, parallel with evidently arcuate sides, the sculpture
close- set but fine and feebly asperulate, the first impression with very
few obsolescent coarser punctures, the second and third impunctate;
hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiae. Length 1.65 mm.; width
0.42 mm. New York (Catskili Mts.), — H. H. Smith.. hndsonica n. sp.
Perexilis is one of the smallest falagrioid species known to
me within our faunal limits, but is more than equaled in this
respect by some of the forms of Melagria and greatly sur-
passed by the next genus ; it was found in some abundance
by Mr. Wickham. Hudsonica is represented at present by a
single specimen.
Aneurota Csy.
In its short tarsi, with more abbreviated basal joint than in
any other type of the Falagriae now known to me, depressed
and parallel form, large quadrate head, peculiarly impressed
along the median line, short bristling hairs along the sides of
the body and some other characters, this genus is wholly iso-
lated in the present subtribe. That it belongs here, however,
seems to be evident because of the very narrow neck, but I
have been unable to break out the anterior coxae in the unique
type and am therefore not positive concerning the structure
of the concealed part of the prosternum. From glimpses
between the anterior parts of the coxae in a strong light, with
high magnifying power, it would seem that corneous plates
exist under the latter and that they are slightly incomplete or
rounded on the median line anteriorly, leaving a minute tri-
angle of membrane exposed. A more detailed statement of
its characters may be found under the original description —
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 347. The type may be de-
scribed as follows : —
Form depressed, parallel, shining, dark piceous in color, the abdomen black,
the legs pale testaceous ; pubescence sparse ; head large, parallel and
252 Trans. Ac. Sci. of St. Louis.
slightly arcuate at the sides, truncate and not at all arcuate at base,
with narrowly rounded angles, the surface extremely sparsely and
minutely, obsoletely punctulate, strongly impressed on the median line
from tlie middle of the vertex to the front; antennae slightly longer
than the head and prothorax, moderately thick, but feebly incrassate
distally, the first three joints decreasing rapidly in length and thickness,
the outer joints moderately transverse, the eleventh about as long as
thejtwo preceding together, pointed; prothorax very slightly longer
than wide, somewhat shorter and very much narrower than the head,
feebly convex, with a very fine and feeble impression along the median
line almost from the apical margin to the base; sides anteriorly promi-
nently rounded, thence moderately converging and straight to the base,
which is fully three -fourths as wide as the disk; punctulation very
minute and even but rather closer and more asperate than that of the
head or elytra; scutellum flat, triangular, finely, sparsely, and evenly
asperulate, with a wide flat and sculptureless border throughout; elytra
quadrate, less than one- half wider and about two-fifths longer than
the prothorax, about as long as wide, the sides very feebly diverging
from base to apex and straight, the humeri scarcely rounded, angulate,
moderately exposed at base; punctulation very minute, rather sparse
and even throughout; abdomen much narrower than the elytra, widest
at the apex of the fifth segment, feebly narrowed thence to the base,
the sides straight, minutely, not very closely punctulate, the three im-
pressions subequal, fine, rather deep and impunctate; legs short,
rather slender. Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.3 mm. Florida.
salcifrons Csy.
This extremely minute species is probably very local in dis-
tribution and of peculiar habits, possibly subcortical. My
reference under the original description to a relationship with
Cardiola is erroneous and was based solely upon the absence
of an acute bead delimiting the hypomera.
liissagria n. gen.
The very wide abdomen and elytra, in contrast with the
comparatively narrow head and prothorax, gives to this genus
a peculiar habitus which can be recognized at once. The
detailed characters have been fully given in the table of genera
and little can be added at present, except to draw attention
to the marked homogeneity of the species, the general
color, polished lustre and elytral sculpture, as well as the
structure of the legs and antennae, varying scarcely at all
throughout. The elytral sculpture consists of extremely
minute,' sparse and scarcely visible punctulation, which,
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 253
toward the scutellum, becomes finely granuliform and very
close-set, giving an alutaceous lustre in that vicinity. The
scutellum is flat and rather strongly, closely granulose, the
granules never parted along the middle so far as observed.
Lissagria seems to be confined to the fauna of middle and
southern California, west of the Sierras, and those forms
worthy of distinctive names, whether true species or local
variants, may be indicated as follows: —
Pronotal sulcus very deeply and conspicuously impressed, the surface
along its sides very convex 2
Pronotal sulcus fine, though distinct, more abruptly formed, the adjoining
surface feebly convex 5
2 — Head and prothorax equal in width or very nearly so 3
Head relatively larger, very much wider than the prothorax 4
3 — Form stout, rather convex, dark rufo-piceous with a very feeble sub-
aeneous lustre, the head and elytra somewhat darker, the legs and
antennae pale, testaceous, the latter feebly infuscate toward tip; ves-
titure anteriorly very short and indistinct, longer and coarser on the
abdomen but very sparse; head orbicular, rounded at base, very
minutely, sparsely punctulate, the front with a very feeble impressed
transverse line between the antennae; eyes rather small, prominent;
antennae long but not extending quite to the end of the elytra, moder-
ately Incrassate and compact distally; prothorax very slightly longer
than wide, the sides rather broadly but prominently rounded anteriorly,
thence moderately converging to the transversely truncate base, which
is fully three-fourths as wide as the disk, the punctures fine but
rather distinct, sparse posteriorly, closer anteriorly; transverse im-
pression before the base rather fine, arcuate; elytra fully four-fifths
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, the coarse sutural
beading slightly depressed behind the scutellum, the surface not im-
pressed, the sides very feebly diverging from the well-marked humeri
to the apex ; abdomen parallel, feebly narrowed at tip, fully as wide as
the elytra, finely, very sparsely punctulate, less sparsely toward apex,
the three impressions subequal, narrow, rather deep, the first two with
very few widely and unevenly spaced, coarse but feeble punctures, the
third impunctate. Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.78 mm. California (Coast
region to the south of San Francisco). [= Falagria laev. Lee.].
laevinsenla Lee.
Form and coloration nearly similar to the preceding; head and antennae
nearly similar, the latter rather stouter distally, the transverse frontal
groove broadly impressed ; prothorax narrower, more distinctly elon-
gate, the sides more broadly and less prominently rounded anteriorly,
much less converging and straight to the base, which is broadly arcu-
ate and four-fifths as wide as the disk, the punctures extremely
fine and sparse throughout, much less distinct; elytra similar but
more elongate, about twice as wide as the prothorax ; abdomen parallel
with slightly arcuate sides, similarly narrowed at tip, the sculpture
254 Travis. Acad. Sci. of St. Louts.
similar, the third impression with a very few subobsolete coarse
punctures. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.8 mm. California (Giant Forest,
Tulare Co.), — Chas. Fuchs flssilil n. sp.
4 — General form, coloration and structure as in the two preceding species,
the head similar in form and in its sparse punctulation but with the
transverse frontal impression deeper and more conspicuous, the an-
tennae barely as stout and scarcely extending beyond the middle of the
elytra; prothorax much smaller, longer than wide, the sides more
broadly rounded than in laevmscula and scarcely prominent, thence
moderately converging and straight to the base, widest at apical two-
flfths; sulcus very deep and wide, also broadening toward base, where
it includes the entire transverse impression, the punctulation sparse
throughout but unusually coarse, the punctures feebly impressed;
elytra nearly twice as wide as the prothorax and two -fifths longer, the
sides strongly diverging from base to apex, the punctulation as in the
preceding species; abdomen fully as wide as the elytra, finely, sparsely
punctulate, more asperate toward tip than usual, the impressions simi-
larly subimpunctate. Length 2.5mm.; width 0.7 mm. California (Sta.
Cruz Mts.) impressifrons n. sp.
5 — Body stout in form, convex, polished as usual,!rather pale piceo-rufous,
the head and most of the abdomen slightly darker, the legs and anten-
nae pale testaceous, the latter very slightly infuscate distally; head
as long as wide but rather fuller at the sides of the base than in laevius-
aila, equally minutely, sparsely punctulate, the frontal impression
very feeble ; antennae nearly similar in form ; prothorax but little longer
than wide, slightly narrower than the head, the sides subangularly
prominent at two-fifths from the apex, thence rather strongly converg-
ing and straight to the base, the surface very finely, sparsely and incon-
spicuously punctulate throughout, the transverse subbasal impression
short but deep; elytra similar in form and sculpture to laeviuscula, four-
fifths wider than the prothorax ; abdomen similar in form and punctu-
lation, the first impression with rather numerous coarser punctures,
the second and third subimpunctate. Length 2.8 mm; width 0.8 ram.
California (Sta. Cruz and Monterey Cos.) robneta n. sp.
Body stout, smaller and rather less stout than in robusta but of the same
coloration and sculpture ; head nearly similar, the antennae more slender,
with the third joint evidently shorter than the second; prothorax nearly
similar but smaller, narrower, not quite as wide as the head, rather less
prominently rounded at the sides and widest at a point rather more
apical, the impression more evidently broadening and deepening toward
base, before which there is scarcely any transverse impression; elytra
slightly narrower and less transverse, similarly sculptured, the abdo-
men nearly similar, equally sparsely but rather less distinctly punctu-
late. Length 2.3 mm; width 0.68 mm. California (Los Angeles Co.).
minnscnla n. sp.
Body more elongate and less stout than in robusta and diflEering somewhat in
coloration, paler rufous, the head darker, the elytra, except toward
base and the apical part of the abdomen blackish; legs and antennae
pale testaceous, the latter slightly infumate toward tip; vestiture
similarly inconspicuous; head smaller than in robusta and more evenly.
CcLsey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 255
circularly rounded from eye to eye, minutely, almost invisibly punctu*
late, the frontal impression feeble; antennae somewhat longer, the
apical parts' rather more rapidly incrassate ; prothorax narrower, dis-
tinctly more elongate, equal in width to the head, the sides less angular
and less prominent anteriorly, the puntulation similarly very minute,
sparse and inconspicuous, thesubbasal impression rather finer andjmore
shallow ; elytra nearly twice as wide as the prothorax and fully two-fifths
longer, the sides rather more strongly diverging from base to apex, the
minute punctulation extremely sparse but abruptly unusually dense and
granuliform near the scutellum ; abdomen nearly as in robusta through-
out but somewhat narrower. Length 2.5 mm. ; width 0.75 mm. Cali-
fornia (Lake Co.) longicollisn. sp
The unique type of impressifrons, described above, has the
elytra singularly crumpled in large feeble folds, which is
probably a deformity caused in drying after emergence from
the pupa, but it is rather remarkable that the folds and de-
pressions should be so perfectly symmetric bilaterally, each
depression and each of the two long oblique folds of one
elytron being perfectly matched on the other ; the species can
be known by the small prothorax and relatively large head,
in addition to the coarse impressed punctulation of the former.
The considerable series of robusta collected by Koebele and
Harford in the Sta. Cruz Mts., is very homogeneous, and the
two specimens from Los Angeles which I have separated
under the name minuscula, although resembling it rather
closely in general form and sculpture, are notably smaller in
size. The measurement of length given in the original de-
scription of FalagHa laeviuscula is undoubtedly an error; it
is highly probable that no example of Lissagria ever attained
the length of 3.5 mm., which is the dimensisn given by
LeConte.
Falagriota n. gen.
The species of this genus are smaller, much more slender
and frailer insects than those of Lissagria and have the sides
of the prothorax very moderately converging toward base,
with the median sulcus, so well developed in that genus, re-
duced to a very fine, obsolescent and wholly inconspicuous im-
pression. The antennae are shorter, slender toward base but
more incrassate distally, the scutellum more finely but evenly
256 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
granulose and the elytra very minutely, rather sparsely punc-
tulate throughout and not more closely or granularly so toward
the scutellum. The abdomen is always more finely and closely
punctulate. The remarkably small corneous plates of the
presternum have been previously referred to in sufficient de-
tail, and this and other characters have been fully stated in
the table of genera. Our seven species are readily separable
into two distinct groups as follows: —
Elytra larger and more transverse, very much wider and always distinctly
longer than the prothorax, the humeri widely exposed at base and
moderately oblique 2
Elytra much smaller and narrower, never longer and much less distinctly,
though very obviously, wider than the prothorax, the humeri narrowly
exposed at base and more oblique; sides of the elytra rather more
divergent from base to apex 5
2 — Prothorax widest and rather broadly rounded at the sides at or near
apical two- fifths 3
Prothorax distinctly elongate, widest and strongly rounded at the sides much
nearer the apex 4
3 — Form moderately slender, convex, polished, rufo-testaceous in color, the
elytra rather more brownish, the abdomen with a very faint darker
cloud, especially posteriorly; legs and antennae pale; pubescence
rather abundant throughout but fine, short and pale, somewhat distinct;
head slightly wider than long, broadly rounded at base, thesideg'be-
comlng parallel for a short distance behind the eyes, the surface very
minutely, sparsely and scarcely visibly punctulate, not impressed except
very obsoletely on the median line toward base; antennae extending to
basal third of the elytra, strongly incrassate distally, the subapical
joints evidently transverse, the first three equal in length, the first
slightly thicker; prothorax equal in width to the head, very slightly nar-
rower in the male, convex, very finely and evenly punctulate, the punc-
tules more asperate and closer than those of the head ; sides distinctly
convergent and straight posteriorly, the base broadly arcuato-truncate,
fully four-fifths as wide as the disk; elytra two-thirds to three-fourths
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, not evidently impressed
on the suture behind the scutellum, finely, not very sparsely and obvi-
ously punctulate, very evenly so throughout, the sides slightly diverg-
ing from base to apex; abdomen parallel with the sides distinctly,
almost evenly arcuate, not quite as wide as the elytra, minutely, closely
fmnctulate, less minutely, more sparsely and asperulately toward base,
the first impression with numerous coarser punctures not very close-
set, the other two with but few such punctures. Length 2.4 mm.;
width 0.58 mm. California (Sta. Clara and Monterey Cos.). lz=Falagria
occ. Csy.] occidaa Csy.
Form nearly similar but more slender, similarly colored, the head relatively
larger, excessively minutely, sparsely punctulate, the antennae some-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 257
what less incrassate distally, the third joint slightly longer than the
first; prothorax notably narrower and more elongate, very much nar-
rower than the head, the sides broadly rounded anteriorly, similarly
moderately converging and straight to the base, the punctulation still
finer and sparser than in occidua and not evidently asperulate ; elytra
narrower though about four-fifths wider than the prothorax and much
longer; abdomen similar but much more sparsely punctulate. Length
2,25 mm. ; width 0.53 mm. California (Monterey Co.) — Incida n. ap.
Form more elongate and narrower than in occidua, the prothorax more elon-
gate, rufo-piceous in color, the abdomen darker; legs pale, the antennae
fuscous except at tip and toward base ; vestiture short but close and
rather distinct; head as in occidua, minutely and sparsely punctulate
but having the punctures strongly asperate on the occiput; antennae
nearly similar, the three penultimate joints decidedly transverse; pro-
thorax very evidently elongate, not quite as wide as the head, the base
four-fifths as wide as the disk, the sides rounded anteriorly; punctula-
tion minute, rather sparse, very slightly asperulate; elytra but slightly
transverse, four-fifths wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax,
the punctulation rather sparse and asperulate; abdomen distinctly nar-
rower than the elytra, parallel with broadly arcuate sides, the sculpture
close-set and distinctly asperulate, finely so posteriorly, coarsely
and more sparsely toward base, the impressions differing from those of
the allied species in having numerous somewhat coarser but feeble
punctures, irregularly scattered and not in close contact. Length 2.5
mm. ; width 0.55 mm. California (Los Angeles Co. — Pomona Mts.), —
H. C Fall asperula n. sp.
Form still more slender and darker in color, blackish-piceous, the legs tes-
taceous, the femora in large part piceous ; antennae fuscous, paler at
tip and toward base; pubescence inconspicuous; head wider than long,
parallel at the sides behind the eyes, thence broadly rounded through
the base, unimpressed, obsoletely and remotely punctulate; antennae
nearly attaining the middle of the elytra, normally incrassate distally,
the second and third joints long, equal, the first somewhat shorter and
stouter; prothorax only very slightly longer than wide, somewhat nar-
rower than the head, nearly as in occidua but rather more depressed and
more finely, sparsely and obsoletely punctulate ; elytra about three-fifths
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, only slightly wider
than long, sparsely and very minutely punctulate ; abdomen parallel with
arcuate sides, as wide as the elytra, the sculpture scarcely at all asper-
ulate, very sparsely punctulate throughout, extremely minutely so poste -
riorly, somewhat asperulately toward base, the first impression with
but few widely spaced coarse punctures, the second with still fewer,
the third impunctate. Length 2.25 mm.; width 0.5 mm. California
(Los Angeles Co. — Pomona Mts.), — H. C. Fall picina n. sp.
4 — Form slender, coloration as in asperula; head of the usual form,
nearly as long as wide, broadly rounded at base, the sides becoming
parallel for some distance behind the eyes; punctulation extremely
fine, sparse, not much more distinct at base ; antennae attaining the
middle of the elytra, moderately incrassate distally, rather slender
toward base, the two penultimate joints distinctly transverse, the first
258 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
joint somewhat shorter than the next two, which are equal as usual ;
prothorax distinctly longer than wide and evidently narrower than the
head, the sides rather evenly rounded andsubprominentapically, thence
moderately converging and just visibly arcuate for a long distance to
the base, the latter nearly four-flfths as wide as the disk, which Is
widest between apical third and fourth; punctulation extremely fine,
sparse, scarcely at all asperulate, the sulcus all but obsolete ; elytra
nearly as in occidua, the punctulation sparse, extremely fine, not asper-
ulate; abdomen parallel with broadly arcuate sides, not as wide as the
elytra, sparsely, very finely punctulate throughout, scarcely at all asperu-
late, the basal impressions with but few coarser punctures, the third
almost completely impunctate. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.52 mm.
California (Sonoma Co) evanescens n. sp.
5 — Body rather slender, strongly convex, polished, piceo-rufous, the
abdomen and antennae slightly darker, the latter toward base and legs
throughout pale testaceous; vestiture fine, subpruinose; head wider
than long, broadly subtruncate at base with widely rounded angles, the
sides parallel; punctulation sparse and obsolete, scarcely more visible
at base; antennae nearly as in occidua but with the third joint slightly
longer than the second, the three penultimate transverse; prothorax
large, suboval, as wide as the head, longer than wide, widest at apical
two-fifths, where the sides are broadly rounded and scarcely at all
prominent, thence rather feebly converging and somewhat arcuate to
the base, which is unusually arcuate and four-fifths as wide as the
disk, the angles obtuse and slightly rounded; surface minutely, obso-
letely and sparsely punctulate, the sulcus extremely fine and feeble ;
elytra relatively small, two-fifths wider and not at all longer than the
prothorax, minutely, obsoletely punctulate; abdomen arcuate at the
sides, widest somewhat behind the middle, where it is very obviously
wider than the elytra, extremely minutely, somewhat closely punctulate
and pubescent, the punctures very finely but abruptly asperulate
throughout, the impressions with coarser but feeble punctures, some
seven or eight in the first, the third impunctate. Length 2.7 mm.;
width 0.67 mm. California (Humboldt Co. — Hoopa Valley).
collaris n. sp.
Body smaller and much more slender, rather less convex, similarly colored
and pubescent; head nearly similar but smaller, more arcuate at base
and broadly, obsoletely impressed along the median line basally, the
punctulation similarly obsolete and sparse, becoming less sparse but
asperulate on the occiput; antennae nearly similar, attaining the middle
of the elytra; prothorax very slightly elongate, equal in width to the
head, in outline as in collaris, the hind angles equally obtuse but
scarcely rounded, the punctulation very fine, feebly afperulate and
sparse, except rather broadly along the median line, where the surface
becomes more broadly impressed than usual toward the very feeble
sulcus and more closely and coarsely, asperately punctate; elytra very
small, about a third wider than the prothorax and barely as long, the
sides distinctly diverging from base to apex and very feebly arcuate,
the punctures very fine, moderately close-set and somewhat distinctly
asperulate; abdomen nearly as in collaris, 'with arcuate sides, much
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 259
wider than the elytra, minutely, more densely and much more asper-
ately punctulate, the three basal impressions polished but with rather
numerous larger, though obsolescent, scattered punctures. Length
2.4 mm.; width 0.58 mm. California (San Bernardino Mts.), — H. C.
Fall parripenniB n. sp.
Of occidua I secured a large series, showing that the very
pale coloration is a constant specific character; of lucida I
have, however, only a single specimen; it is of equally pale
color, but may be distinguished from the male of occidua, in
which the prothorax is also very obviously narrower than the
head, by the more elongate and narrower form of that part
of the body, relatively much larger head and sparser abdom-
inal sculpture. The species of this genus will doubtless
prove to be numerous in California and perhaps also the coast
districts to the northward.
There are two species described under the generic name
Falagria, by LeConte, which I have not been able to place
in the above revision ; they may be described as follows from
the published characters: —
Form elongate, subdepressed, densely punctulate, finely pubescent; head
rectilinearly truncate at base, the neck obviously narrower than in
Taehyusa; basal angles right and rounded; antennae fuscous, longer
than the head and prothor.ix, slightly thickened externally but with the
outer joints somewhat loose and not closely placed as they are in typical
Falagria, the first three joints elongate as usual; prothorax slightly
longer than wide, as wide as the head, obliquely truncate at each side
of the apex, the sides converging slightly behind; base broadly rounded,
the surface flattened, feebly but broadly channeled; elytra wider than
the prothorax but not at all longer, the tip truncate, the outer angles
acute ; abdomen slightly narrowed at base, impressed as usual, the
impressions irapunctate, the surface smooth, paler toward base, the
apex testaceous; legs testaceous, the basal joint of the hind tarsi not
as long as the three following combined, the latter diminishing slightly
in length. Length 3.6 mm. Lake Superior raga Lee.
Form depressed, piceous-black, the abdomen piceous; legs and basal parts
of the antennae testaceous; shining, finely pubescent; head large, par-
allel, the base broadly truncate with the angles rounded, sparsely punc-
tulate, with an impressed frontal fovea, the occiput briefiy canaliculate;
antennae not longer than the head and prothorax and less slender than
usual, but slightly thickened distally; prothorax trapezoidal, moderately
narrowed behind, somewhat shorter than wide, punctulate, deeply can-
260 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
aliculate; scutellum punctulate, not at all canaliculate; elytra wider
than the prothorax, closely punctulate, piceo-testaceous; abdomen very
finely punctulate, broader and flatter than usual, and scarcely nar-
rowed toward base, the first three tergites impressed as usual, the im-
pressions impunctate ; posterior tarsi two-thirds as long as the tibiae,
with the first joint as long as the three following combined, the latter
subequal. Length 3.6 mm. New York, found under a stone.
quadriceps Lee.
It is rather more than probable that each of these species
will prove to be the type of a distinct genus, apparently differ-
ent from any defined in the above tables. Fagra belongs, with-
out much doubt, to the subtribe Tachyusae and may be
attached provisionally to the genus Gnypeta, some of the
components of which have the neck rather strongly con-
stricted. Quadriceps, on the other hand, is almost certainly a
member of the subtribe Falagriae, where it is wholly isolated;
it may take the generic name Orthagria (n. gen.) and be
placed just before the genus Lissagria in the table of genera.
In each case the published length of the body is probably ex-
cessive. Tachyusa pygmaea, of Sachse, has been identified
as the European Mymecopora crassiuscula Aub., by Mr.
Fauvel; I have now no example of it, but, if this is true, it
should be removed from our lists.
Tribe Bolitocharini.
In this tribe the tarsi are 4-4-5-jointed throughout, but,
apart from this distinguishing character, there is great struc-
tural variety, some forms recalling correspondingly specialized
groups in other tribes, as usual under the tarsal system of
classification. There are numerous subtribes, such as the
Autaliae, composed of the genus Autalia alone, recalling the
Falagriae of the Myrmedoniini and the Echidnoglossae of the
Aleocharini, the Bolitocharae, with rather numerous genera,
represented by a multitude of fungus-loving species, the
Homalotae, consisting of the genera Homalota Mann. — ( =
Epipeda Rey) — and Placusa, the Gyrophaenae, as described
below, and the subtribe Phytosi, distinguished by its com-
paratively large number of highly specialized genera, there
being a separate genus for almost every known species. The
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 261
American genera of Phytosi are Bryobiota, Thinusa, Bryo-
thinuHa, Amblopusa, Diaulota and Liparocephaliis, the
European being Phytosus, Actocharis, Actosus and Arena.
They inhabit ocean beaches in various parts of the northern
hemisphere, being especially abundant on the western coast
of America, but extremely rare on the nearctic Atlantic
coast, the single species described by Dr. Horn, under the
name Phytosus littoralis, being unknown to me at present; it
is possibly not a true Phytosus.
Subtribe Bolitocliarae.
This is probably the largest subtribe of the Bolitocharini
and is apparently more developed in the palaearctic than in
the nearctic regions, owing to the very large number of min-
ute obscure species of Sipalia, which genus is exceedingly
rare in America, the somewhat aberrant /Sipalia frontalis
Csy., of California, being the only one described thus far.
This deficiency is, however, made up largely by the greater
number of American species allied to Bolitochara, although
that genus itself does not occur here. There are two toler-
ably well defined groups of the subtribe Bolitocharae, the first
characterized by a broader obtuse mesosternal process, nar-
rower and more acute however in Stictalia, and more elongate
basal joint of the hind tarsi, the second having an acute pro-
cess and shorter basal joint, generally but little longer than
the second, though as long as the next two combined in
Uuryusa, and comprising in addition thereto, the genera
jSilusa, Leptusa, Sipalia and others which will not be system-
atically discussed in the present paper. The antennae are
variable in the first group but are always gradually thicker
to the tip in the second. The Bolitocharae, as a group, have
a readily recognized facies owing to their coarse asperate
sculpture, and, as far as known to me, live exclusively in
fungi of various species, frequently in enormous numbers.
The genera of the first group indicated above may be
briefly defined as follows : —
Prothorax distinctly narrower than tlie elytra ; antennae gradually thicker
to the apex 2
262 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Prothorax broader and more transverse, subequal in width to the base of
the elytra; infra- lateral carinae of the head distinct and entire 4
2 — Infra-lateral carinae of the head wholly obsolete except for a short dis-
tance anteriorly ; neck narrower than in any other genus of the sub-
tribe, slightly less than half as wide as the head ; mesosternal process
moderately wide, obtuse, somewhat free and not attaining the meta-
sternal projection; prosternum before the coxae and posterior part of
the mesosternum finely and acutely carinate along the middle; basal
joint of the hind tarsi about as long as the next two combined; pro-
notal punctures normal, coarser, not asperate. Europe.. *Bolitochara
Infra-lateral carinae distinct and entire; neck wider, always more than half
as wide as the head 3
3 — Head strongly narrowed behind the eyes, the neck about two-thirds as
wide; hypomera shorter, coming far from attaining the anterior limits
of the prothorax; mesosternal process only moderately narrow and
more obtuse, almost attaining the metasternal projection; basal joint
of the hind tarsi not as long as the next two combined; pronotal punc-
tures simple and impressed, not asperate. Europe '^Ditropalia
Head feebly narrowed behind the eyes, the neck very broad; hypomera
more elongate, almost attaining the anterior limits of the prothorax ;
mesosternal process narrow, subacute and freer at tip, the latter sepa-
rated from the metasternal projection by a much greater longitudinal
discontinuity; basal joint of the hind tarsi much more elongate, some-
times subequal to the next three combined ; pronotal punctures always
very fine and granuliform or asperate; eyes similar, moderate in size and
prominent. Nearctic Pacific coast regions Stlctalia
4 — Antennae gradually thicker distally as in the preceding genera; head
not materially narrowed behind the prominent eyes, the neck very wide;
hypomera visible from the sides as in all the other genera of the sub-
tribe, attaining the apex of ithe prothorax; sides of the latter feebly
rounded and not at all sinuate toward base; antennae short, the outer
joints strongly transverse; pronotal punctures minute and asperu-
late 5
Antennae not or scarcely thicker externally, the last seven or eight joints
forming a loose parallel-sided club; head, hypomera and sculpture
similar, tbe infra -lateral carinae unusually acute and very strongly ele-
vated; sides of the prothorax very feebly sinuate toward base, the basal
angles more distinct 6
5 — Mesosternal process broad anteriorly, rapidly narrowed, its apex nar-
rowly rounded or subacute, free and separated from the metasternal
projection by a considerable longitudinal discontinuity; basal joint of
the hind tarsi scarcely as long as the next two combined. Europe.
* Phjmatnra
Mesosternal process longer, narrow and more parallel, free and rounded
at tip, virtually attaining the apex of the metasternal projection; basal
joint of the hind tarsi fully as long as the next two combined. Nearctic
Atlantic regions Silnsida
6 — Fourth antennal joint small, about as wide as the preceding joints and
very much smaller than those which follow; intermesocoxal parts nearly
as in Bolitochara, the process varying from moderately wide to rather
Casey — Obseroations on the Staphylinidae. 263
narrow ; hypomera long and well developed ; head short and moderately
narrowed behind the eyes, which are large and prominent; neck very
broad ; pronotal punctures fine and asperate ; tarsi very slender, the
basal joint of the posterior as long as the next two combined or longer.
Nearctic Atlantic regions Yennsa
Fourth antennal joint large, wider than the preceding joints and aubsimilar
to those which follow; general form of the body as in Venusa, the pale
maculation of the elytra usually more distinctly defined, the pronotal
punctures less asperate and nearly simple; head, eyes, neck and hypo-
mera nearly similar, the mesosternal process broader, very obtuse at
tip, almost attaining the metasternum; tarsi rather less slender, the
basal joint of the posterior barely as long as the next two combined,
Nearctic Atlantic regions Plenrotobia
In addition to the two characters previously mentioned
which distinguish these genera of the first group from
Silusa, Leptusa and others of the second group, it should be
said that the elytra here are always variegated with dark or
black and pale tints, the humeri at least being invariably
paler than the external apical parts, but, in the second group,
the coloration of the elytra is uniform, any variegation being
feebly developed and exceptional. The three exclusively for-
eign genera of the table may be remarked upon as follows : —
BoLiTOCHARA Mann. — This genus may be recognized at
once by the obsolete infra-lateral carinae of the head, so uni-
versally developed elsewhere in the subtribe, except in certain
very slender and almost blind species of Sipalia^SMoh. as Jlava
Kr. ,pIicateUa Fauv.and bituberculata a.nd arida Epp., which,
because of the narrow subelongate head, frequently very
minute subfacetless eyes and complete absence of the infra-
lateral carinae should be generically separated from Sipalia,
and for which I would propose the generic name Typhlusida.
With this virtual absence of the carinae in Bolitochara,
occurs the seemingly correlated narrow neck, which is wholly
foreign to any of the American genera. Bolitochara, as here
restricted, is represented by such European species a.a lunulafa
Payk., and lucida Grav.
DiTROPALiA n. gen. — The complete infra-lateral carinae of
the head is a perfectly constant and very important character,
separating this genus from Bolitochara. The head behind
the eyes is, however, more strongly narrowed and more elon-
264 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
gate than in any of^the American genera, and the neck is cor-
respondingly narrower, though much wider than in Bolito-
chara. The genus Ditropalia is founded upon the European
Bolitochara bella Mark., ohliqua Er., mulsanti Shp., and
other allied species and appears to be confined to the palae-
arctic fauna.
Phymatura J. Sahib. — The single known representative
of this genus appears to be a somewhat rare insect. It greatly
resembles our Silusida and Venusa in its broad prothorax,
but differs very much in its shorter and more triangular meso-
sternal process, which is very broad at its base but acutely
rounded^at tip, differing from the corresponding part \n Boli-
tochara also in the absence of any trace of carina. The type
is hrevicollis Kr.
Stictalia n. gen.
The species of this genus are numerous but rather closely
allied among themselves, inhabiting various parts of the region
immediately contiguous to the Pacific Ocean, from southern
Cahfornia to Alaska. They are smaller and much less con-
spicuous than the less numerous and, in all probability, in-
dividually less abundant species of the European genera Boli-
tochara and Ditropalia, and are intermediate in some char-
acters between those genera and Venusa and the European
Phymatura^ having the gradually enlarged antennae of the
former and the sculpture of the latter. The coloration of the
abdomen seems to be constant, enabling us to separate the
species into two unequal primary groups as follows : —
Abdomen pale, with a large subapical black cloud, the dark coloration gen-
erally extending to the base of the abdomen along the median basal
parts of the tergites 2
Abdomen black throughout, the tergites toward base paler along their
apical margins especially toward the sides 8
2 — Pronotum impressed at each side of the median line toward base, the
impressions transversely connected slightly before the basal margin.. 3
Fronotum with a short transverse impression before the basal margin but
not otherwise impressed 7
3_Fourth antennal joint only very slightly longer than wide 4
Fourth antennal joint much elongated 6
4 — Three basal isrgites deeply impressed at base, the impressions notably
Casey — Observaticyns on the Staphylinidae. 265
more coarsely and sparsely punctured than the remainder of the surface,
which is not very closely or coarsely punctate ; pronotal impressions
only visible behind the middle and converging toward base. Body
rather stout, convex, feebly shining, pale rufo-testaceous, the head
piceous, the elytra blackish externally toward tip, the legs and antennae
pale, the latter very slightly infuscate distally except at tip; integuments
minutely but strongly reticulate, feebly so on the elytra, the abdomen
excessively minutely and feebly reticulate in subtransverse broken
lines; head wider than long, the sides behind the eyes short, parallel
for some distance, then strongly rounded to the neck, the punctures
rather distinct, moderately close ; antennae gradually stout distally, but
little longer than the head and prothorax, the subapical joints rather
strongly transverse, fully three -fourths wider than long; prothorax
slightly wider than the head, nearly a third wider than long, parallel,
the sides arcuate, becoming feebly sinuate before the obtuse but very
distinct basal angles, the surface strongly, asperately and moderately
closely punctured, the impressions distinct; elytra a third wider and
nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, the truncate apex deeply
sinuate externally as usual, the surface strongly, asperately and some-
what closely punctured, the pubescence short, somewhat sparse but
coarse, pale and distinct. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.82 mm. Alaska
(Fort Wrangel). l=Bolitochara not. Makl.] notata Makl.
Three basal tergites less deeply impressed and with punctuation which dif-
fers but little from that of the remainder of the tergites; pronotal im-
pressions parallel S
6 — Form more slender than in notata but similarly alutaceous in lustre
anteriorly, with the integuments minutely reticulate, less so on the
elytra, the abdomen very obsoletely so, testaceous, the head and pro-
thorax slightly darker and more piceous than the elytra, the latter each
with a large and irregular infumate spot externally in apical two-
thirds, not attaining the apex; legs and antennae as in notata; head
nearly similar, the punctures finer and less distinct; antennae longer
and notably less stout, the subapical joints moderately transverse; pro-
thorax more distinctly wider than the head, two-fifths wider than long,
parallel and arcuate at the sides, becoming feebly sinuate before the
basal angles as usual, the surface finely and very closely, asperately
punctured, the two longitudinal impressions extending almost to the
apex though very feebly and broadly impressed; elytra two-fifths wider
and fully one-half longer than the prothorax, the asperate punctureg
much less coarse than in notata and very close- set; abdomen much
narrower than the elytra as usual, the punctures rather sparse and un-
usually inconspicuous throughout. Length 3.1 mm.; width 0.76 mm.
British Columbia densicollis n. sp.
Form nearly similar to the preceding but still less stout anteriorly, the colo-
ration also similar, except that the head alone is slightly darker than
the prothorax and elytra, the integuments much more shining, polished,
the reticulation everywhere obsolete; head and antennae similar, the
punctures less close-set; prothorax shorter and more transverse,
slightly wider than the head, not quite one-half wider than long,
equally finely but less closely punctured, the impressions only visible
266 Trans. Acad. JSci. of St. Lonis.
behind the middle; elytra nearly as in densicollis but with the humeri
slightly more exposed at base and the punctures coarser, mure asper-
ate and less close-set, more nearly as in notata; abdomen as in densi-
collis but with the punctures toward base notably coarser and conspic-
uously close throughout the extent of the tergites. Length 3.0-3.3 ram.;
width 0.73-0.8 mm. California (Humboldt Co.). l=Bolitochara cali/.
Csy.] californica Csy.
6 Form rather stout, convex, shining, not at all reticulate, dark castane-
ous, the elytra pale testaceous, blackish externally toward tip; abdo-
men very dark rufous throughout except subapically ; head longer than
usual, about as long as wide, strongly and closely punctate ; antennae
rather slender, only moderately incrassate distally, extending to about
basal third of the elytra, the subapical joints moderately transverse;
prothorax unusually elongate, about a fourth wider than long, convex,
distinctly wider than the head, broadly rounded at the sides just before
the middle, finely, rather closely, asperately punctured, tiie impressions
short, feebly converging, only visible behind the middle; elytra nearly
one-half wider and longer than the prothorax, unusually, coarsely, very
asperately and not very closely punctured, the humeri rather well ex-
posed; abdomen narrower than the elytra, unusually tapering almost
from the base to apex, the punctures unusually coarse, close-set and
even, sparser and finer toward tip as usual. Length 2.7-3.0 mm. ; width
0.78-0.83 mm. California (locality unrecorded) .. .punctiventris n. sp.
Form less stout, similarly polished and devoid of reticulation, paler, cas-
taneous, the elytra rufous, blackish externally toward tip, the abdomen
much paler than in punctiventris, with the usual black subapical cloud
but with ihe segments thence to the base blackish at the middle, the
legs very pale ; head almost as in the preceding but more finely and
sparsely punctate, the antennae shorter, much more rapidly and
strongly Incrassate distally, the subapical joints strongly transverse,
the fourth less elongate; prothorax more transverse, a third wider than
long, distinctly wider than the head, more feebly and less closely,
asperulately punctate, the impressions similarly only distinct near the
transverse impression; elytra narrower, less transverse, almost as long
as wide, almost as coarsely and asperately punctate, the punctures very
slightly more numerous; abdomen more parallel, much narrower than
the elytra, the punctures much finer and sparser, more distinct but still
sparser in the basal impressions. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.73 mm.
California (Mendocino Co.) asper* n. sp.
Form more slender and parallel than in aspera, the elytra relatively smaller
than in any other species; coloration nearly similar, the pale basal parts
of the abdomen without distinct medial blackish maculation; integu-
ments not minutely reticulate, polished ; head and antennae as in aspera,
the punctures stronger and closer toward base ; prothorax less trans-
verse, about a fourth wider than long, only very slightly wider than the
head, the punctures small but strongly asperate, moderately close-set;
impressions very short and feeble; elytra about a third wider and two-
fifths longer than the prothorax, rather more coarsely and asperately
punctured than in any other species, the punctures well separated ; abdo -
men subparallel, narrowed toward tip, less distinctly narrower than
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 267
the elytra than in aspera, punctured almost as in punctiventris, the
punctures coarse and close -set throughout the extent of the tergites
toward base. Length 2.75 mm.: width 0.7 mm. California (Sta. Cruz;
Mts.) rngipennisn. sp.
7 — Body moderately slender, subparallel, shining, black, the elytra each
obliquely rufous from the humerus to the suture behind the middle;
the abdomen rufescent toward base; integuments very obsoletely
micro-rtticulate anteriorly, head well developed, somewhat wider than
long, the antennae short, but little longer than the head and prothorax,
rapidly and distinctly incrassate and blackish distally, though less
stout than in rugipennit, the apical joint not paler, the penultimate
joints strongly transverse, the fourth distinctly elongate; prothorax
but slightly wider than the head, about a third wider than long,
convex, finely, asperately punctate, closely so along the middle,
more sparsely laterally, the transverse subbasal impression narrow,
straight and very feeble; elytra but slightly wider than long, two -
fifths wider and fully one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri
moderately exposed at base, the punctures relatively rather small,
feebly asperate and distinctly separated; abdomen parallel, almost as
wide as the elytra, rather strongly and coarsely, evenly, moderately
closely punctured toward base. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.78 mm.
California (Sta. Cruz Mts.) obsolescens n. ap.
Body smaller and somewhat stouter, parallel, shining, piceo-rufous, the
elytra blackish, broadly flavate toward the humeri and narrowly along
the suture posteriorly, the abdomen pale toward base, especially at the
the sides of the dorsal plates; legs pale, the antennae blackish except
toward base, the apex not paler; head wider than long, well devel-
oped, p.arallel, abruptly constricted at base, finely, sparsely and obso-
letely punctulate, the antennae short, strongly incrassate, the penulti-
mate joints strongly transverse, the fourth scarcely longer than wide;
prothorax notably transverse, rather more than one-half wider than
long, slightly wider than the head, and, like the latter, minutely and
feebly reticulate, finely, not closely and inconspicuously punctulate,
the transverse subbasal impression unique in beinc long and anteriorly
arcuate; elytra but slightly transverse, about a fourth wider and one-
half longer than the prothorax, finely, rather closely and not very
strongly punctured; abdomen but little wider than the prothorax,
parallel, finely and only moderately closely punctate. Length 2.3 mm.;
width 0.7 mm. British Columbia (Victoria) arcaata n. sp.
8 — Pronotum with two broad and very feeble longitudinal impressions
tranversely united before the base and obsolete anteriorly well before
the middle. Body moderately stout, somewhat strongly convex,
shining, black, the elytra rather bright red, blackish about the scutel-
lum and broadly toward the sides except in basal third and along the
apical margin; basal tergites slightly paler at apex; legs pale, the
antennae fuscous, much paler toward base and slightly at the apex;
head aad pronotum very obsoletely micro -reticulate, the former only
moderately large, transverse, with prominent eyes, the punctures
rather strong and close-set toward base; antennae extending almost to
the middle of the elytra, moderately incrassate distally, the penultimate
268 Acad. Sci. of St. Louis*.
joiats about one-half wider thaa long, the fourth as long as wide;
prothorax much wider than the head, fully a third wider than long,
finely, but strongly, asperateiy and closely punctate; elytra nearly
quadrate, a third wider and a half longer than the prothorax, the
punctures strongly asperate, moderately large and rather well sep-
arated; abdomen narrower than the elytra but broader than the pro-
thorax, parallel, feebly narrowing toward apex, rather strongly and
closely punctate toward base. Length 2.4-3.0 mm.; width 0.72-0.78
mm. California (mountains near Claremont, San Mateo, Pomona and
Calaveras Co.) ,— Mr . C. F. Baker and others. bakeri n. sp.
Pronotum impressed as in bakeri. Body stout, moderately convex and shin-
ing, pale plceo-castaneous in color, the elytra each with a broad
flavescent area from the region of the humerus to the suture in apical
half or more, the apical margin also pale, especially toward the sides;
abdomen blackish, pale at tip and nubilously so at the apices of the
first two or three tergites; head large, as long as wide, strongly and
closely punctured, finely and sparsely so on the front, the antennae
blackish, piceous toward base, rather short and compact, but little
longer than the head and prothorax, the fourth joint slightly elongate,
the outer joints rapidly and strongly iucrassate, the tenth almost twice
as wide as long; eyes rather small; prothorax large, distinctly wider
than the head, fully two-fifths wider than long, widest slightly before
the middle, the sides moderately arcuate, the punctures strong, close-
set and asperulate, the interstices feebly micro-reticulate; elytra
scarcely a third wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax,
the humeri only very narrowly exposed at base, the punctures coarsely
asperate and rather close -set; abdomen at base distinctly narrower
than the elytra, thence sensibly attenuate to the apex, the punctures
rather fine, asperate and sparse throughout; legs pale, moderately
stout. Length 2.6 mm. ; width 0.78 mm. California (locality unre-
corded « coUaris n. sp.
Pronotum with the usual short transverse subbasal impression, which is
only very briefiy or not at all extended anteriorly at its sides 9
9— Abdomen gradually and very distinctly tapering almost from the base
to the apex, the antennae long. Body moderately stout and convex,
black, the elytra obliquely red from the humeri to the posterior half of
the suture; legs pale, the antennae blackish, slightly paler toward base
but not at apex; head nearly as long as wide, suborbicular, somewhat
narrowed behind the rather inconspicuous eyes, finely punctured, min-
utely reticulate, the antennae long, rather loose, almost attaining the
middle of the elytra, moderately iucrassate distally, the fourth joint
much elongated, the sixth as wide as long, the tenth scarcely one-
half wider than long ; prothorax minutely and feebly reticulate, very
much wider than the head, two-fifths wider than long, very minutely,
not densely and inconspicuously asperate; elytra nearly as long as
wide, about one-half wider and two-thirds longer than the prothorax,
finely, closely, subasperately punctate; abdomen at base slightly nar-
rower than the elytra but much wider than the prothorax, finely, not
very closely punctate, the impressions feebly and sparsely so. Length
3.0 mm. ; width 0.8 mm. California (Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras Co), —
F. E. Blalsdell... laxicornis n. sp.
Casey — Observatiojis on the Slaphylinidae. 269
Abdomen subparallel, feebly narrowed toward tip; the antennae shorter. 10
10 — Form moderately stout, not very convex, shining, the head and pro-
notum minutely, feebly reticulate, black or piceous-black, the elytra
pale at the humeri, narrowly at apex near the sides and narrowly along
the suture posteriorly; legs pale, the antennae blackish, slightly paler
toward base but not at apex ; head transverse, slightly narrowed be-
hind the eyes, finely, sparsely punctulate, more closely along the base
and sides; antennae moderately incrassate distally, attaining basal
third of the elytra, the fourth joint rather distinctly longer than wide,
the fifth very nearly as long as wide, the outer joints distinctly but not
strongly transverse; prothorax much wider than the head, a third
wider than long, the sides strongly sinuate toward base, the angles but
slightly more than right, the punctures minute, asperulate and not
very close-set; elytra rather large, nearly one-half wider and three-
fourths longer than the prothorax, somewhat depressed, finely, closely
punctured and only feebly asperulate ; abdomen much narrower than
the elytra and but little wider than the prothorax, the apices of the
first two tergites pale laterally, the punctures fine and moderately
close, the impressions deep. Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.78 mm. Cali-
fornia (Humboldt Co.). 1= Bolitochara nig. Csy.] nigrina Csy.
Form and sculpture nearly similar to the preceding, smaller, pale piceous,
the elytra flavo-testaceous, broadly piceous-black toward the external
apical angles, except at tip, and also about the scutellum; abdomen
black, the first three tergites pale at the sides almost throughout their
length; legs pale, the antennae dusky, paler toward base but not at
tip; head nearly as in nigrina but relatively larger, minutely, sparsely
punctulate, the antennae much shorter, more rapidly and strongly in-
crassate distally, but slightly longer than the head and prothorax, the
fourth joint as long as wide, the fifth distinctly and the penultimate
strongly transverse ; prothorax but slightly wider than the head, nearly
as In nigrina but less strongly sinuate at the sides toward base, the
angles more obtuse; elytra nearly similar in form and in their fine close
sculpture; abdomen nearly similar in form and sculpture. Length
2.4-2.6 mm.; width 0.68-0.7 mm. California (Humboldt Co.).
brevicornis n. sp.
Form similar, the size still smaller, similarly minutely reticulate anteriorly,
shining, colored as in brevicornis, the basal tergites pale at the sides of
their apices ; head transverse, subparallel at the sides, abruptly con-
stricted at base, finely, sparsely punctulate, the antennae rather short,
rapidly and strongly incrassate distally, the fourth joint obviously
longer than wide, the fifth nearly as long as wide, the tenth about
three-fifths wider than long; prothorax nearly as in brevicornis but
more distinctly wider than the head; elytra nearly similar in form but
much more coarsely punctate, the punctures well separated ; abdomen
much more coarsely and rather more closely punctured, the impressions
scarcely as deep. Length 2.0-2.2 mm. ; width 0.67 mm. California
(locality unrecorded) minor n. sp.
The sexual characters in this genus are rather feeble but
readily observable, the male having the ordinary sparse punc-
270 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
tares of the fifth and sixth tergites modified into coarse and
elevated, subelongate asperities, usually with one more distinct
at the centre, and in some cases as in baJceri and laxicorniSy
another at each side more apical on the fifth tergite, and the
sixth sinuate at tip, with porrect asperities, each bearing a
short stiff bristle, about the contour of the sinus, the female
having the punctures throughout minute and but feebly as-
perulate, with the sixth tergite simple at the apical margin
and sinuato-truncate. In nigrina the central tubercle of the
fifth tergite is very small and slightly elongate, those more
posterior being scarcely distinct and in brevicornis it is similar,
but in the former the sinus of the sixth tergite is coarsely
serrulate, while in the latter the serrulations are extremely
minute and sparser. In minor the central tubercle is very
minute and scarcely elongate. In californica the median
tubercle is before the centre and scarcely larger than several
of the others. There is but little diversity in these sexual
characters, so that it is scarcely necessary to describe them in
each instance.
Silusida n. gen.
This genus is represented thus far by two species, one at
least very abundant in individuals, both small in size and of
rather dull lustre. They resemble Venusa in general form, but
may be distinguished at once by the short, strongly and
gradually incrassate antennae and by the feebly rounded sides
of the prothorax toward base, with less distinct basal angles ;
they may be described as follows : —
Form rather stout, somewhat depressed, parallel, feebly shining, the pubes-
cence pale, very short but abundant and distinct, pale flavo- testaceous
in color, the head, median parts of the prothorax, elytra toward the
external apical angles, except along the apex, and abdomen from about
basal third to the middle of the fifth segment, blackish ; legs pale, the
antennae slightly dusky ; head and prothorax rery minutely and obso-
letely reticulate, the former small, transverse, with rather large promi-
nent eyes, minutely, sparsely punctulate, the antennae scarcely longer
than the head and prothorax, rapidly and strongly incrassate, the sec-
ond joint much longer than the third, both slender and elongate, four
to ten very strongly transverse, greatly increasing in width and per-
foliate; prothorax fully three -fourths wider than long, very much wider
Casey — Observationa on the Staphylinidae. 271
than the head, broadly arcuate at base, minutely, asperately and mod-
erately closely punctate, broadly, feebly Impressed In the middle before
the base ; elytra at base equal in width to the prothorax, at apex but
little wider, one- half longer, slightly transverse, finely, feebly and
closely punctate, each somewhat obliquely impressed behind the scu<
tellum; abdomen much narrower than the elytra, gradually tapering
almost from the base, finely, closely and almost evenly punctured, more
sparsely posteriorly, the basal impressions rather narrow and feeble.
Length 2.2-2.5 mm.; width 0.7-0.76 mm. New York (CatskiU Mts.)
and Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia). 1== Bolitochara marg. Csy.].
marglnella Csy.
Form slender, much smaller in size, dull in lustre and similarly sculptured,
the punctuation throughout fine, asperulate and close-set, pale brownish
flarate in color, the head piceous, the elytra scarcely at all darker at
tip, the abdomen with a piceous cloud involving the fourth tergite;
head convex, well developed, the antennae stout, fuscous, paler toward
base, scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, strongly Incrasaate
distally, the outer joints rather compactly joined and strongly trans-
verse; proihorax about a third wider than the head and less than one-
half wider than long, convex, not distinctly impressed, subparallel with
the sides broadly arcuate, the base rounded; elytra slightly transverse,
equal in basal width to the prothorax and about a third longer, the
humeri not at all exposed, the suture slightly impressed behind the
Bcutellnm; abdomen obviously narrower than the elytra, subparallel,
finely, very sparsely punctured, the vestlture much longer and coarser.
Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.45 mm. Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia).
nanella n. sp.
The male of marginella has a very small rounded tubercle
on the median line of the fifth tergite, at some distance from
the apex, with the punctures not more conspicuously asperate
than on the other tergites, the sixth having a similar but
more elongate flattened discal tubercle and the apex broadly
sinuate throughout the width, the edge having six or eight
serrulations not continued onto the disk. In nanella the ab-
dominal sculpture throughout is very much sparser than in
marginella and the tubercle of the fifth tergite is rather larger,
more elongate and nearer the apex, with the sparse punctures
elongato-asperate, the sixth being narrower and sinuato-
truncate at tip, with four rather strong rounded denticles
continued forward onto the surface by convex longitudinal
ridges, the surface anteriorly in great part covered by the
fifth tergite in the unique type.
272 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Yennsa n. gen.
In the general form and sculpture, as well as coloration of
the body, the species of Venusa closely resemble Stictalia, but
they differ in three important features, the first relating to
the structure of the antennae, which do not gradually increase
in thickness to the tip but are slender at base, with the outer
seven joints forming a long and loose, nearly parallel-sided
club, the second being the much wider and more transverse
prothorax, imparting a notably different facies to the anterior
part of the body, the third concerning the sexual characters
of the male, the punctures of the fifth and sixth tergites, as
in Silusida, not being notably or more coarsely asperate and
both having a large conspicuous, though unentire, obtusely
rounded ridge along the median line; the sixth is, however,
similarly sinuate or sinuato-truncate at tip and armed with
porrect denticles throughout the width. The species are not
very numerous, closely allied among themselves and swarm in-
dividually in great numbers in almost every mushroom that
has passed its prime, resembling in this way the allied genus
Pleurotohia ; they may be described as follows : —
Antennae stouter, the penultimate joints much wider than long. Body
stout, parallel, convex, shining, black or blackish, the basal margin of
the prothorax pale, tbe elytra pale flavo-testaceous, slightly dark near
the scutellum and broadly toward the external angles ; abdomen bright
red, the fifth tergite and basal half of the sixth black; legs pale, the
antennae blackish, pale toward base; head wider than long, rapidly
narrowed behind the eyes, which are well developed and finely faceted,
the punctures fine, rather sparse; antennae attaining basal third of the
elytra; prothorax three- fourths wider than long, slightly less than one-
half wider than the head, rounded at the sides, the latter becoming
subparallel toward base, the surface finely, asperately and closely
punctate, with a large feeble binary impression at the middle before
the base ; elytra wider than long, very slightly wider and one-half longer
than the prothorax, impressed at each side of the suture for about hall
the length behind the scutellum, rather finely, closely but asperately
punctate, the humeri scarcely at all exposed at base; abdomen much
narrower than the elytra, somewhat tapering from near the base to the
apex, rather finely but strongly, closely and asperately punctate, the
impressions rather narrow, moderately deep and somewhat more
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.82 mm. New
York (near the city) to Iowa picta n. sp. (Fvl. MS.) .
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. S78
Antennae slender, the penultimate joint very nearly as long as wide 2
2 — Antennae long, extending nearly to the middle of the elytra; form, colo-
ration and sculpture nearly as \npUta but more slender, the head black,
the prothorax piceous, paler along the basal margin, the elytra gener-
ally infumate everywhere except toward the humeri ; head small; pro-
thorax three -fourths wider than long, broadly rounded at the sides and
narrowed anteriorly, the sides distinctly converging toward base, the
latter broadly arcuate, becoming sinuate near the angles as usual, the
subbasal impression fine, transverse and bislnuate, feebly, anteriorly
bifurcate at the middle; elytra slightly wider and scarcely one -half
longer than the prothorax, impressed and punctured nearly as in picta,
the humeri slightly more exposed at base ; abdomen nearly similar but
with each of the pale basal tergites more distinctly infumate at the mid-
dle of the base. Length 2.6-3.0 mm.; width 0.75-0.78 mm. New York
(CatsklU Mts.) to Iowa (Iowa City). {=:Bolitochara bl. Csy.].
blanchardl Csy.
Antennae shorter and less developed, scarcely extending to basal third of
the elytra; form, coloration and sculpture nearly as in blanchardi hnt
smaller In size, and, In general, of darker color, the prothorax more
blackish and scarcely at all paler along the base, the subbasal double
impression larger and more distinct; elytra always black except broadly
toward base, the dark color also involving the scutellum as a rule, the
form and sculpture as in blanchardi; abdomen similar to the latter
throughout. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.77 ram. Missouri (St. Louis)
and Iowa laetula n. sp.
These species are very closely allied among themselves,
presenting difficulties in classification similar to those well
known in Sericoderus, of the Corylophidae. In blanchardi
the medial, transversely convex carina of the fifth tergite ex-
tends anteriorly but little beyond the middle of the plate, and,
posteriorly, nearly to the apical margin, the sixth tergite be-
ing broad at tip and only very feebly sinuate, or more pro-
perly sinuato-truncate, with the edge finely serrulate as usual.
The species are all very abundant as before remarked.
Pleurotobia n. gen.
In most of its characters, as well as general habitus and
ornamentation, this genus agrees very well with Fem^sa, but it
differs rather radically in the fact thatjthe third antennal joint,
instead of being small and forming a part of the slender basal
part, is here large, similar to the succeeding joints and simi-
larly sculptured and pubescent; the basal joint of the hind
tarsi, also, is notably less elongate. The species live in fungi
274 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
associated with Fenusa, but are scarcely so numerous individu-
ally ; the three in my cabinet at present may be readily known
as follows : —
FredomlnatiDg color black or blackish *
Predominating color pale 8
2 — Form stout, parallel, rather convex, polished, black, elytra testaceous
near the humeri and very narrowly on the suture posteriorly, the
abdomen feebly ruf escent toward base ; legs pale, the antennae black,
with the first three and the eleventh joints paler; vestiture short*
coarse and rather inconspicuous, not dense ; head nearly as long as wide^
arcuately narrowed behind the large but not very prominent eyes, the
punctures extremely fine but much coarser and close toward the base
and sides; antennae long, thick, cylindric with obtrapezoidal joints^
attaining the middle of the elytra, the second joint shorter than the
third, both elongate, obconic and shorter than the first, the outer joints
slightly wider than long; prothorax two-thirds wider than long and one-
half wider than the head, the sides broadly rounded, feebly converging
and scarcely visibly sinuate toward base, the angles distinct, the surface
strongly convex, finely, not very closely and scarcely at all asperately
punctate, with a large indentation in the middle before the scutellum,
the base broadly, unevenly arcuate; eytra transverse, slightly wider
and barely a third longer than the prothorax, the bead along the suture
extremely fine, almost obsolete, the humeri narrowly rounded to the
prothorax, the punctures slightly coarse, very close-set, deep and
asperate; abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, parallel and
nearly straight at the sides throughout, the fifth segment but little nar-
rower, the punctures rather large, strong and moderately close-set
toward base, becoming gradually very minute and sparse apically, the
basal impressions wide and rather deep. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.87
mm. Ohio (Cincinnati), —Chas. Dury sntnralis n. sp.
Form similar, the size materially smaller, polished, black as In suturalit
throughout, except that the elytra are black but obliquely pale from the
humeri to the suture at the middle and thence broadly to apex, also
narrowly throughout at the apical margin; punctuation throughout
similar but finer, less conspicuous and rather less close- set; head rela-
tively larger, distinctly though not very closely punctate toward the base
and sides; antennae almost similar but somewhat shorter and thicker,
theouter joints slightly more transverse; prothorax similar In general
form but only about three-fifths wider than long and scarcely two-fifths
wider than the head, the subbasal impression much feebler, shorter
and broader; elytra and abdomen similar. Length 2.7 mm.; width
0.8 mm. Missouri (St. Louis) tristigma n. sp,
3 — Form rather stouter than in tristigma, 8hining,pale testaceous in color,
the head slightly piceous, the elytra blackish, pale at the humeri and
narrowly on the suture posteriorly, the abdomen blackish posteriorly^
legs pale, the antennae dusky, paler toward base and at tip; sculpture
as in tristigma but still finer, feebler and sparser, the punctures of the
elytra scarcely at all asperate ; head similar, the antennae barely ex-
Casey — Observatix)ns on the Staphylinidae. 275
tending behind basal third of the elytra and still stouter, the outer joints
rather strongly transverse; prothorax similar in form but with the sub-
basal impression small and very feeble; elytra similar, the sutural bead
very fine but distinct, the surface as usual not impressed behind the
scutellum; abdomen parallel, slightly narrower than the elytra, the
sides slightly arcuate. Length 2.7 mm. ; width 0.85 mm. Texas, —
H. F. Wickham texana n. sp.
The male sexual characters are very distinct and interesting,
the elytra in suturalis being thrown up in a strong narrow ridge
at each side of the suture from near basal third to the apex,
the fifth tergite having two fine longitudinal carinae, approxi-
mate and posteriorly converging in somewhat more than apical
half, with a shorter carina at each side much more distant
from either of the median carinae than the latter are from
each other. In tristigma the elytra are similarly but more
feebly elevated along the suture in posterior half only and
the four carinae of the fifth tergite are shorter, subequidistant
and less unequal in length among themselves, the sixth broadly
sinuate throughout the width at tip, the edge of the sinus
with small porrect and widely spaced spinules, each bearing
the small stiff seta peculiar to the present group of genera.
Texana is at present represented by the female only. The
Homalota trimaculata, of Erichson, is evidently a Pleuro-
tobia allied to tristigma, but differing in having the sides of
the prothorax piceous ; the elytral spots are also smaller and
more rounded, judging by the language of the description.
Subtribe Gyrophaenae.
This group is one of the most specialized of the Bolitochar-
ini and is composed of a moderate number of genera and
very numerous species, inhabiting stemmed fungi of many
genera, but rather unequally diffused over the northern hemi-
sphere, this distribution doubtless depending directly upon
the relative abundance of the more highly organized fungi.
In North America the subtribe is extremely abundant every-
where, except in the regions bordering upon the Pacific
Ocean, where it is comparatively rare, and, although
known at present by one or two species in the northern parts
276 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
and one in Lower California, I have never yet seen a specimen
collected in California or Oregon. Dr. Sharp has described
numerous species from Mexico, but the European representa-
tives appear to be much less numerous than the American,
though this may be due largely to lack of systematic study of
the palaearctic species, as the known genera are about twice
as numerous as those of North America. In the latter region
the richness of the subtribe may be realized when it is con-
sidered that a collection made in the Catskill Mountains by
H. H. Smith, now forming a part of my cabinet, contains
fourteen species from that limited area alone.
The body in this subtribe is small to very minute in size,
of more or less stout fusiform outline and compact, rather
convex build, the integuments generally pale in color with
darker marking and very thin and diaphanous as a rule, fre-
quently becoming distorted in drying, though this applies
more particularly to Gyrophaena and Phanerota, the exoskel-
eton being normally thick in the other genera. The hypo-
mera are feebly inflexed and visible from the sides in all the
genera except Brachida and Encephalus, where they are
strongly inflexed and invisible from a lateral point of view,
and the scutellum is well developed and flat, varying but
little throughout. The antennae are variable within generic
limits in Gyrophaena only, as here considered, seldom not-
ably long and always bristle with coarse erect setae, the four
basal joints being slender and usually forming a distinctly
demarcated pedestal or stem for the stouter apical part,
though in several genera and in one group, assumed for con-
venience to form a part of Gyrophaena ^ where the antennae
are gradually incrassate distally, this is not so evident ; the
third joint is always distinctly longer than the fourth, which
is generally much the smallest, but in Diestota, the fourth
joint in size and vestiture belongs with the apical rather than
the basal part. The maxillary palpi are rather short, sparsely
setose, with the third joint more or less compressed and the
fourth extremely slender and acicular. The legs are short or
moderate, the four basal joints of the hind tarsi equal or
with the first somewhat longer than the others ; the claws are
Ccisey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 277
very slender and but slightly arcuate. The middle coxae are
always widely separated, the sterna between them forming a
smooth subcontinuous surface, usually broken only by a more
or less fine transverse suture, the mesosternal process never
being free, thus contrasting greatly, in the structure of the
intermesocoxal parts, with the preceding subtribe Bolitocharae.
In the formation of the sternal processes, antennae and in-
flexion of the hypomera, the genera Diestoia and Encephalus
stand at opposite extremes of the series, the former being an
annectant type. The genera represented in my cabinet at
the present time may be readily identified by the following
characters : —
Hypomera feebly inflezed, in great part visible from a lateral viewpoint.. 2
Hypomera strongly inflexed, wholly invisible from a direct side view 8
2 — Mesosternal process shorter, extending nearly to or somewhat beyond
the middle of the acetabula, broadly truncate and abutting against the
broad metasternal projection which extends for some distance anter-
iorly between the coxae 3
Mesosternal proceHS extending throughout the length of the coxae, the
metasternum not or only very slightly projecting anteriorly between
them and truncate or rounded 7
3 — Antennae gradually thicker from the base of the third joint to the tip,
the eleventh joint unusually developed and as long as the preceding
three combined; head free, transverse, the eyes well developed, not very
prominent, finely faceted and closely setulose; neck narrow, scarcely a
third as wide as the head; prothorax obtrapezoidal, having an im-
pression before the scutellum ; mesonotum broadly angulate, separated
from the elytra throughout the width by a distinct depression; elytra
well developed ; abdomen parallel, the first three tergites impressed at
base, gradually less deeply; middle coxae moderately widely separated,
the mesosternal process not extending quite to the middle of the ace-
tabula, feebly carinate along the middle and squarely truncate at apex,
where it meets the equally truncate tip of the long metasternal pro-
jection; legs rather short, the tarsi stouter than usual. Europe.
*DIestota
Antennae less developed and with a smaller terminal joint as in Oyrophaena
Brachida and Phaenogyra, more or less abruptly enlarged beyond the
fourth joint, sometimes gradually thicker from the base of the latter
to the tip; neck very wide, the head deeply set in the apex of the pro-
thorax; mesonotum separated from the elytra by a feebler depression,
generally obsolete along the scutellum ; mesostemum without trace of
carina, the coxae very widely separated i
4 — .Eyes moderate in size, finely faceted ; first abdominal segment narrowly
and feebly impressed at base, the second less distinctly and the third
very obsoletely; mesosternal process extending distinctly beyond the
t78 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St, Louis.
middle of the acetabula; elytra with asperate punctures tbroughoat ;
body minute In size 5
Eyes very large, occupying tbe entire sides of tbe head, very coarsely faceted,
the tempora obsolete ; mesosternal process extending scarcely to the
middle of tbe acetabula ; elytra with very feeble and sparse or irregu-
lar sculpture ; body larger in size 6
5 — lietasternal projection truncate at tip, abutting against tbe meso-
sternum throughout its width; antennae gradually incraasate from
the fourth joint to the tip; elytra rerylong; first two abdominal seg-
ments equal in length. Europe * Agaricochara
Metasternal projection rounded at tip, touching the mesosternum only
at the middle; antennae shorter, abruptly dilated beyond the fourth
joint, the last seven joints forming a loose parallel club; elytra short;
basal segment of the abdomen much shorter than the second. Atlantic
North America Eamlcrotft
6 — Mesosternal process broadly sinuate at tip, separated from the arcu-
ato-truncate tip of the metasternal projection by a very short discon-
tinuity on exactly the same level; anteanae slender, gradually incraa-
sate from the fourth joint to the tip; abdomen with the first segment
as long as the succeeding, the first three tergites broadly, subequally
and distinctly impressed at base, the fourth also feebly concave almost
throughout its extent; elytra moderate in length, always longer than in
Eumicrota but much shorter than in Agaricochara; integuments thin and
translucent as in Oyrophaena. Atlantic regions of North America.
Phanerota
7 — Body nearly as in Phanerota but with the eyes moderate in size and finely
faceted and the abdominal segments gradually decreasing in length
toward base, the first two tergites rather narrowly, more abruptly
and distinctly, though not strongly, impressed at base, the third and
fourth broadly and feebly impressed and the fifth also usually some-
what concave in the median part of the disk; prothorax variable In
form, the elytra moderately developed and feebly sculptured as a
rule, as in Phanerota; antennae variable, either gradually incrassate
from the fourth joint to the tip or with a long loose parallel club com-
posed of the outer seven joints; metasternum broadly arcuate,
the mesosternal process arcuato-truncate, with obliterated suture.
Cosmopolitan Gyrophaena
Body minute, nearly similar but with dense integuments, smaller and more
elongate head and longer elytra, punctate as in Agaricochara; abdominal
segments slightly decreasing in length toward base, the first three
tergites rather narrowly and feebly though distinctly and equally Im-
pressed at base, the fourth and fifth scarcely at all impressed;
antennae gradually incrassate from the fourth joint to the tip, slender;
mesosternal process extending to the extreme tip of the acetabula,
where it is transversely truncate, abutting against the truncate or
scarcely arcuate metasternum. Europe *Phaenogyra
8 — Mesosternal process extending to the extreme tips of the coxae, very
broad and abutting closely against the metasternum, the suture dis-
tinct and transversely rectilinear; head as in Oyrophaena^ the neck
very broad, the eyes moderate and finely faceted; antennae slender.
Caaey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 279
gradually incrassate from the fourth joint to the tip, the last joint
moderate; body very stout, convex, the prothorax transverse, the elytra
short; abdominal segments decreasing only slightly in length toward
base, the first three tergites feebly impressed basajly ; integuments dense.
Europe * Brachida
Mesosternal process extremely wide, nearly as in Brachida, extending to
the posterior limits of the acetabula, where it is separated from the
metasternum by a perfectly straight transverse suture; body very short,
stout, convex, the head transverse, strongly deflexlle, the eyes moder-
ate, very prominent and finely faceted, the sides of the head rapidly
converging behind them; antennae short, strongly Incrassate distally
from the small globular fourth joint; abdomen very short, rounded at
the sides and constricted at base. Europe * Eiiceptaalii»
The foreign genera indicated above may be further alluded
to as follows : —
DiESTOTA Rey. — The outline characters of the table are
taken from a specimen of the rare species noted in the cata-
logue of Hey den, Reitter and Weise under the name mayeti
Rey, and kindly given me by Mr. Fauvel, who has also placed
the name testacea Kr., on the same label, but I have been
unable to find the latter name in the catalogue mentioned ►
Diestota is at once distinguished from any of the other genera
of the subtribe by its narrow neck and disengaged head, and
is in many respects a connecting bond between the Gyro-
phaenae andBolitocharae, though apparently more properly a
member of the former subtribe; at the same time, it may
more appropriately form the type of a separate subtribe as
maintained by Rey. Dr. Sharp has referred a number of
Mexican and South American species to this genus, but the
accuracy of this identification is open to some doubt.
Agaricochaea Kr. — This genus is very far from being a
subgenus of Gi/rophaena, as stated in the catalogue referred
to above, the structure of the intermesocoxal parts prohibit-
ing any such close alliance. The species are minute, with
dense punctured integuments and with more elongate elytra
than in any other genus of the subtribe. In some characters
it betrays a rather close affinity with Eumicrota, but may be
readily distinguished by the characters of the table, which are
taken from A. laevicollis Kr.
Phaenogyba Rey. — The small and more elongate head.
280 Trans, Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
elongate elytra, dense integuments and character of the punc-
tuation seem to indicate the validity of this genus also,
though it is much more closely allied to Gyrophaena than is
Agaricochara^ as shown by the conformation of the intermeso-
coxal parts. The internal inclosure of the middle acetabula
by the mesosternum alone, without trace of anterior advance-
ment of the metasternum, is a singular and striking charac-
ter, in which it differs completely from Agaricochara and
JEumicrota, but which it shares with Brachida. The charac-
ters of the table are drawn from P. striclula Er. and polita
Grav. ; holeti L., which is placed under Phaenogyra in the
European catalogue, does not belong there but is an Agari-
cochara.
Brachida Rey. — This is one of the most isolated genera
of the subtribe, characterized by a stout, compact body, dense
integuments, regular system of punctuation and very widely
separated middle coxae, with the broad mesosternal process
extending throughout their length and abutting squarely
against the broad truncate metasternum. It differs from any
of the preceding genera in having strongly inflexed hypomera.
The type is Brachida exigua Heer ( =notha Er.), as stated
in the European Catalogue of 1891.
Encephalus Westw. — The preceding remark, relating to
the isolation of Brachida , applies with even more force to this
genus, which is a highly specialized type, remarkably distinct
from any other of the subtribe in the power of deflexing the
head upon the sterna and in the rounded, basally constricted
abdomen. The prothorax and elytra are extremely transverse
and subequal in width in the species before me, assumed as
the type and identified by Mr. Reitter as Encephalus com-
jplicaiis Westw.
The genus Cyphea Fauv., may belong in the present sub-
tribe, but I have no representative example upon which to
base an opinion.
Eumicrota n. gen.
The rather numerous species of this genus may be readily
known by their denser, generally black or blackish integu-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 281
ments, regular system of punctuation, short elytra and small
size, some of them being so minute as to be comparable only
with Ftilium, of the Trichopterygidae. The secondary male
sexual characters are frequently complex, consisting of small
spines or protuberances on the dorsal surface of the abdo-
men, but, in other forms, these secondary characters are very
feeble. The species are moderately numerous, those before
me at present being separable by the following characters : —
Antennae pale In color 2
Antennae black or blackish beyond the fourth joint 12
2 — Species less minute, about 1.0 mm. or more in length 3
Species very minute, much under 1.0 mm. in length 11
8 — Small asperate punctures of the elytra very sparse; male with strongly
marked secondary sexual characters. Form rather stout, subparallel,
convex, shining, blackish-piceous in color, the elytra very slightly
paler, uniform; abdomen black, especially behind; integuments rather
coarsely micro-reticulate throughout, the pubescence very short,
sparse and Inconspicuous; head transverse, finely, sparsely punctate ;
prothorax twice as wide as long, a third or fourth wider than the head,
widest near the base, the sides arcuate, ^the surface minutely, very
sparsely punctate throughout, with a small rounded impression before
the scutellum; elytra strongly transverse, slightly wider and longer
than the prothorax; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, parallel;
legs short, slender, pale. Male having a short erect spiniform process
at the middle of the apex of the first tergite, flanked on each side by a
very minute marginal angulation, the fourth tergite with two small,
suberect, spiniform processes on the disk just before the apex, sepa-
rated by about a seventh of the total width of the plate, the fifth with
two small and more obtuse, obliquely cariniform processes, more
approximate and at a greater distance from the apex; sixth angulate at
tip, the angle reflexed. Length 1.0-1.5 mm.; width 0.35-0.45. mm.
New York (Catskill Mts.), District of Columbia, Missouri (St. Louis)
and Texas (Dallas). [ = Gyrophaena corr. Er.] corrnscnia Er.
Small asperate punctures more close -set; male with feeble secondary sexual
characters, chiefly affecting the emargination of the sixth tergite 4
4 — Elytra black, the humeri testaceous. Body stout, compact, polished,
micro -reticulate throughout, the lines fine; color dark testaceous, the
abdomen clouded with blackish except toward base; head large,
sparsely punctate at each side of the median line; prothorax transverse
but not quite twice as wide as long, only very slightly wider than the
head, finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate at each side of the impunc-
tate median line, not impressed before the scutellum, the base rather
strongly arcuate; elytra strongly transverse, a fifth wider and fully a
fourth longer than the prothorax, finely, not very closely, asperulately
punctate; abdomen at base almost as wide as the elytra, narrowed and
arcuate at the sides thence posteriorly ; legs short, slender, pale flavate
in color. Male with the sixth tergite broadly produced at apex, the
282 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
lobe semlclrcularly emarginate, the lateral projections moderately acute.
Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.46 mm. Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia).
hnmeralis n. sp.
Elytra uniform in coloration thronghont or with the humeri almost imper-
ceptibly paler 5
5 — Elytra very short, but slightly longer than the prothorax 6
Elytra very distinctly longer than the prothorax 10
€ — Abdomen black or blackish throughout when mature 7
Abdomen dark testaceous, clouded with black posteriorly 9
7 — Prothorax less transverse, evidently less than twice as wide as long.
Form only moderately stout, polished, reticulate, piceous in color, the
abdomen blackish, the legs and antennae bright flavate ; head nearly as
In humeralis; prothorax slightly wider than the head, about three -
fourths wider than long, fluely, sparsely punctate, without distinct
median Impunctate line, very obsoletely impressed before the scutellum,
the base strongly arcuate ; elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, the
suture equal In length to the median line of the latter, the punctures
fine and not very close-set, nearly as in humeraliB, the abdomen nearly
similar. Male with the produced lobe of the sixth tergite deeply and
parabolically emarginate throughout its width, the emargination wider
than deep, the lateral projections very narrowly obtuse at tip. Length
1.0 mm. ; width 0.38 mm. Texas (Dallas), — H. F. Wickham.
texanella n. sp.
Prothorax extremely transverse, more than twice as wide as long 8
8 — Form stout, compact, suboval, polished, blackish-piceous, the legs and
antennae flavate; micro-reticulation distinct as usual; pubescence
sparse, stiff and suberect; head as in humeralis but relatively smaller;
prothorax very short, distinctly wider than the head, the sides strongly
arcuate, the base broadly so, not impressed, very finely, sparsely and
Irregularly punctured except along a very lU-deflned median line ; elytra
only very slightly wider than the prothorax, the suture very slightly
longer than the median line of the latter, the punctures fine and rather
more close-set than in the two preceding species; abdomen similar.
Male with the emargination of the broad median lobe of the sixth
tergite circular and shallow, nearly three times as wide as deep, the
lateral projections broadly obtuse at tip. Length 0.95-1.3 mm.; width
0.88-0.4 mm. North Carolina (Asheville) to Texas, [= Qyrophaena
ioc. Er.] socia Er.
Form nearly similar, polished, strongly mlcro-retlculate, the head and
prothorax black with a feeble piceous tinge, the elytra slightly paler,
piceous, with the humeri generally very slightly paler piceous; abdo-
men black throughout, the legs and antennae flavate; head as in iocia,
the prothorax nearly similar, being quite as distinctly wider than the
head and more than twice as wide as long, but with the sparse punc-
tures rather stronger and the Impunctate median line more convex or
bordered at each side by a feeble Impression; elytra much more dis-
tinctly wider than the prothorax, the humeri rounded and somewhat
exposed, the suture slightly longer than the median line of the pro-
thorax, the punctures flne, asperulate and close-set ; abdomen similar.
Male with the lobe of the sixth tergite broader and more broadly emar-
CcLsey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 283
glnate, the emargloatioD extending from side to side of the apex, circa-
larly rounded, shallow and between three and four times as wide as
deep, with the adjoining surface feebly swollen at the middle, the
lateral projections subrectangular, owing to the posteriorly diverging
Bides, and but slightly obtuse. Length 1.1-1.25 mm.; width 0.45-0.05
mm. Missouri (St. Louis) melania n. sp.
9— Body only moderately stout, shining, strongly reticulate as usual, pale
piceous, the head blackish, the elytra faintly more flavescent, uniform
throughout; abdomen dark to pale testaceous, clouded with piceous-
black before the apex, the legs and antennae bright flavate; head
smaller than usual, distinctly but sparsely punctate at each side of the
rather broad median impunctate line; prothorax twice as wide as long,
very distinctly wider than the head, transversely and rectilinearly
truncate throughout the width at apex, arcuate at base, the sides
rounded, the surface rather strongly and unusually closely punctate,
feebly and approximately bi impressed before the scutellum; elytra dis-
tinctly wider than the prothorax, the suture but little longer than the
median line of the latter, the humeri slightly exposed, rounded, the
punctures fine but strong and close-set; abdomen nearly as wide as the
elytra, gradually and rather strongly narrowed from base to apex.
Male with the emarglnation of the lobe of the sixth tergite nearly as In
melania, but with the lateral projections broader and more obtusely
rounded and the swelling of the surface, adjoining the sinus at the
middle, feebler and more diffuse. Length 1.1-1.4 mm.; width 0.35-0.5
mm. New Tork (Catsklll Mts.) pallidnla n. sp.
10 — Form moderately stout, subparallel, dark castaneous, the abdomen
blackish posteriorly, the legs and antennae flavate, the last joint of
the latter dusky; Integuments shining, with the usual mlcro-reticula-
tlon; head nearly as In pallidula but more obsoletely punctate; pro-
thorax twice as wide as long, distinctly wider than the head, the sides
rounded but shorter than usual, the base not so evenly rounded but
oblique and straight toward the sides, the broad median part more
evidently lobate; surface finely, sparsely punctulate, not distinctly
Impressed; elytra fully a fifth wider and nearly one-half longer than the
prothorax, the humeri distinctly exposed, the punctures fine, asperate
and close-set; abdomen obviously narrower than the elytra and but
feebly narrowed from base to apex. Male with the lobe of the sixth
tergite parallel, its apex with a shallow and broadly rounded sinus
more than twice as wide as deep and not much more than half as wide
as the lobe, the surface of which Is perfectly flat throughout, the lateral
projections broad and broadly rounded at tip. Length 1.8 mm.; width
0.55 mm. Arizona (Pinal Mts.),— H. F. Wlckham pinalica n. sp.
Form stout, subparallel, polished, the usual mlcro-reticulation obsolete
except on the elytra and abdomen, castaneous, the head blackish, the
abdomen flavo-testaceous, black posteriorly; legs and antennae flavate,
the last Joint of the latter dusky; pubescence suberect, moderately
short and stiff; head and prothorax very minutely, sparsely and indis-
tinctly punctulate, the latter distinctly wider than the head, obviously
more than twice as wide as long, with the sides parallel and strongly
rounded, the base arcuate, the surface not Impressed ; elytra but just
284 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
visibly wider than the prothorax but distinctly longer, though less
elongate than in pinalica, finely, rather closely punctate, the humeri
feebly exposed in the reentrant angle between the prothorax and elytra;
abdomen evidently narrower than the elytra, subparallel. Male with
the lobe of the sixth tergite smaller than usual, parallel, broadly
rounded at the sides of the apex, emarginate in median two-fifths, the
notch parallel and straight at the sides and feebly sinuate at the bottom,
deeper than wide; fifth tergite with two feeble cariniform tubercles on
the disk and separated by one-half the total width of the plate. Length
1.0 mm.; width 0.4 mm. Mexico (Puebla) azteca n. sp.
11 — Body moderately stout, convex, compact as usual, shining, dark piceo-
castaneous throughout, the legs and antennae pale flavate; integuments
micro- reticulate, the head and pronotum obsoletely so; head rather
large, very minutely, sparsely punctulate; prothorax twice as wide as
long, distinctly wider than the head, the sides strongly rounded, the
base strongly arcuate, subtruncate at the middle, the surface minutely,
sparsely punctulate throughout, not impressed; basal border strong at
the middle; elytra slightly wider and distinctly longer than the pro-
thorax, finely, asperately and closely punctate, the humeri but little
exposed ; abdomen distinctly and regularly narrowed from the base,
where it is nearly as wide as the elytra, to the apex, the sides nearly
straight. Male with two very small slender posteriorly inclined, setig"
erous and spiniform processes just behind the median transverse line
of the fifth tergite, separated by about a fourth of the total width of the
plate, the sixth tergite strongly angulate at the middle. Length 0.7
mm. ; width 0.36 mm. Mississippi ( Vicksburg) minntlssima n. sp.
Body somewhat stouter, shining, dark castaneous, the abdomen dark tes-
taceous, clouded gradually with blackish posteriorly ; legs and antennae
bright flavate; integuments distinctly micro -reticulate throughout;
head smaller, minutely, sparsely punctulate; prothorax fully twice as
wide as long, very much wider than the head, finely, sparsely punctu-
late, with a feebly defined impunctate median line; sides strongly
rounded, the base arcuate, feebly subtruncate toward the middle;
elytra only just visibly wider but evidently longer than the prothorax,
finely, asperulately and not very closely punctate; abdomen nearly as
wide as the elytra, subparallel, arcuately narrowed near the tip. Male
having two slender feeble arcuate carinae on the disk of the fifth ter-
gite, separated by about a fourth of the width of the plate and slightly
oblique toward each other posteriorly, the concave sides of the carinae
internal; sixth tergite largely concealed in the type, but apparently
obtusely lobed and rounded at the middle. Length 0.7 mm.; width
0.38 mm. North Carolina (Asheville) atoma n. sp.
12 — Form very stout, parallel, convex, compact, polished, deep black, the
legs, base of the antennae, extreme tip of the abdomen and legs piceous,
the minute humeral umbones slightly pale; integuments reticulate with
the usual very fine incised lines enclosing somewhat coarse meshes ;
head moderate, transverse, with a few very fine punctures toward the
sides; eyes as usual; prothorax very short, distinctly more than twice
as wide as long and fully a third wider than the head, strongly rounded
at the sides, broadly arcuate at base, the surface with a few widely
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 285
scattered and irregular setigerous punctures, not at all impressed before
the scutellum; elytra only very slightly wider than the prothorax but
nearly one-half longer, parallel and straight at the sides, the humeri
scarcely exposed, the punctures fine, asperulate and sparse; abdomen
more finely and much more strongly reticulate throughout, impunctate,
parallel, feebly narrowed near the apex, about as wide as the elytra,
Male having a short broad and rounded sublamellate process at the
middle of the apical margin of the first tergite, the fourth tergite with
a long erect and acutely pointed, very conspicuous spiniform process on
the disk before the apex at each side at about one-eighth the width from
the margin, the fifth plate with a broad subelevated flat apical edge, ex-
tending obliquely forward near each side, the sixth very acutely pro-
duced at the middle posteriorly, the lobe somewhat reflexed. Length
1.2-1.35 mm.; width 0.6-0,65 mm. Cuba (Cayamas), — C. F. Baker.
cornnta n. sp.
Corruscula is a rather common species but the males are
very rare, there being only one among the sixteen specimens
at hand; the contrary rule prevails, however, through the re-
mainder of the genus, where the males greatly outnumber the
females. Cornuta is a very remarkable species, having dorsal
sexual marks on the tergum even more conspicuous than in
corruscula, but these characters are very variable, one male
before me having the long spines of the fourth plate reduced
to small and very slender proportions ; the broader thickened
margin of the fifth tergite is scarcely at all developed in this
example. Azteca is allied to oblita Shp., but apparently has
the prothorax more nearly equal in width to the elytra and
differs also in the paler basal parts of the abdomen and the
closer elytral punctures. The genus Eumicrota will include
in addition the South American Gyrophaena pumila and
parvula, of Sharp.
Phanerota n. gen.
The species of this genus are few in number but include
some of the largest of the subtribe and appear to be peculiar
to the North and South American continents. They may be
known at once from Gyrophaena by the very large and
coarsely faceted eyes, which occupy the entire sides of the head
as in Stenus, but otherwise, and especially in coloration, in the
diaphanous integuments and general facies, they greatly re-
semble that genus, with which they have been heretofore
286 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
confounded, except by Dr. Sharp, who suggests the propriety
of their generic isolation. They are very decisively dis-
tinguished from Gyrophaena by the structure of the broad
intermesocoxal parts, the metasternal projection advancing in
Phanerota nearly to the middle of the acetabula, the meso-
sternal process being correspondingly abbreviated. The species
vary to a remarkable degree in point of size, those in my
cabinet being definable as follows : —
Species inhabiting the Atlantic districts, including the Island of Cuba.... 2
Species inhabiting the Peninsula of Lower California 7
2 — Eyes always separated on the front by distinctly more than twice their
own width. Body stout, subparallel, moderately convex, highly pol-
ished, the integuments wholly devoid of trace of micro -reticulation,
except the abdomen, which is finely and rather feebly reticulate ; color
pale flavate with distinct reddish tinge, the head, elytra in apical third
or fourth, except at the suture, and fourth tergite, except at the lateral
margins, black or piceous-black; head transverse with a number of
rather coarse punctures toward the eyes; antennae slender, moderately
incrassate distally, extending to about basal third of the elytra; pro-
thorax not quite twice as wide as long, only very slightly wider than
the head, parallel and rounded at the sides, arcuate at base, very re-
motely and obsoletely punctulate, the two punctures behind the middle,
separated by about a fourth of the width, especially distinct; elytra well
developed, about a fifth wider and one-half longer than the prothorax,
finely, sparsely punctate, the humeri rather widely exposed; abdomen
at base nearly as wide as the elytra, thence gradually narrower to the
apex, very minutely, obsoletely punctulate toward the apices of the
segments, sparsely, coarsely pubescent. Male with the outer apical
angles of the elytra slightly swollen; sixth tergite with two short,
widely separated porrect processes, rounded at tip and impressed on
their outer sides posteriorly; between them the apex is produced in a
short rounded lobe, very much shorter than the processes, the lobe
being the apical outline of a broad smooth swelling of the surface;
female with the elytral angles unmodified, the sixth tergite subconical
with the apex truncate, the truncature sinuate throughout its width, the
sinus about five times as wide as deep. Length 1.4-2.5 mm. ; width 0.62-
0.9 mm. Rhode Island and Pennsylvania. [^=Aleochara fasc. Say (not
preoccupied in Phanerota) and vinula Er.] fasciata Say
Eyes more convex, separated on the front by not more than twice their own
width 3
3 — Abdomen in great part pale, the blackish coloration involving the fourth
tergite more or less, the apex always pale i
Abdomen in great part black, pale near the base and generally at the immed-
iate apex 5
Abdomen clearly blcolored, the anterior half pale, the posterior black, the
line of demarcation abruptly defined and not nubilous or indefinite as
it is in the two preceding groups, the apex not pale 6
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 287
i — Form rather stout, shining, the head and pronotum very obsoletely
micro-reticulate, the elytra rather strongly so, the abdomen distinctly;
color pale flavate, the head piceous -black, the elytra broadly infumate
toward the external apical angles; legs and anten&ae pale flavate as
usual ; head v?ith scattered coarse punctures except broadly along the
median line ; prothorax very nearly twice as wide as long, distinctly
wider than the head, which is relatively smaller than in fasciata, similar in
outline and punctuation; elytra about a sixth wider and nearly one-half
longer than the prothorax, with the humeri less exposed than in fasciata,
the punctures similarly fine but not quite so sparse, especially toward
the outer apical angles; abdomen nearly similar; antennae rather more
incrassate distally. Male wanting; female with the sixth tergite nearly
as in /aaeia^a, the sinus at the apev rather more abruptly formed and
more broadly transverse at the bottom but equally shallow. Length
(much extended) 2.4-2.6 mm, ; width 0.7-0.87 ram. New York (Catekill
Mts.) ocnlarig n. sp.
Form as in ocularis, polished, pale flavate, the head and elytral apex— disap-
pearing at the suture — black; head and pronotum without trace of micro-
reticulatlon, the elytra and abdomen rather distinctly reticulate; head
coarsely, sparsely punctate except along a broad median line, the an-
tennae moderately incrassate distally ; prothorax slightly, though dis-
tinctly, wider than the head, nearly twice as wide as long, rounded at
the sides, broadly arcuate at base, with a few sparse punctures as in
the preceding species; elytra slightly wider and one-half longer than the
prothorax, the humeri only slightly exposed, the punctures unusually
distinct and asperate but sparse; abdomen as in ocularis, the tergites
punctulate only at the apices. Male with the two short apical processes
of the sixth tergiie nearly as in fasciata, the surface at the middle swollen,
smooth and produced posteriorly in an acute lobe which nearly attains
the line of apices of the processes; external apical angles of the elytra
narrowly, distinctly and prominently swollen, the surface near them
broadly concave. Length 2.2-2.4 mm.; width 0.8-0.85 mm. Texas
(Dallas),— H.F. Wickham angnlaris n. sp.
Form less stout, smaller in size, polished, pale rufo-flavate, the head dark
rufo-piceous, the elytra generally pale throughout, sometimes feebly
infumate along the immediate apex externally; integuments of the an-
terior parts without trace of micro-reticulation, the elytra and abdo-
men very obsoletely reticulate; head nearly as in angularis; prothorax
distinctly wider than the head, fully three-fourths wider than long,
widest anteriorly with the sides rounded, more convergent thence to the
base, the latter broadly arcuate, the surface with a few scattered punc-
tures as in /aaciofa; elytra unusually short and transverse, slightly
wider and-about a third longer than the prothorax, finely, asperulately and
very sparsely punctate; abdomen at base rather distinctly narrower than
the elytra gradually tapering thence to the apex, the tergites finely
punctulate except broadly toward base. Male with the short processes
at the apex of the sixth tergite acutely angulate at tip, the median lobe
advanced nearly to the line of their apices as in angularis but more
broadly angulate, the surface more broadly and feebly swollen; ex-
ternal apical angles of the elytra only very feebly and broadly swol-
288 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
len ; /emaZe nearly as in fasciata. Length 1.4-2.3 mm.; width 0.7-0.76
mm. Florida (Palm Beach) floridaua n. sp.
5 — Body stout inform, polished, pale piceo-testaceous in color, the head
and elytra, the latter broadly and gradually toward the external apical
angles, black; legs and antennae flavate; head and pronotum finely,
obsoletely micro-reticulate, the elytra and abdomen more coarsely and
strongly so; head coarsely, sparsely punctate toward the sides, the
prothorax rather distinctly wider than the head, nearly twice as wide
as long, almost as in fasciata throughout; elytra slightly wider and
one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri only very narrowly
exposed, rounded, the punctures verv fine, asperulate and sparse ; ab-
domen at base nearly as wide as the elytra, much narrower at apex,
subimpunctate except sparsely along the apices of the tergites. Male
with the two apical processes angulate at tip, the median lobe broadly
angulate and advancing about half way to the line of their apices, the
surface strongly swollen and smooth; external apical angles of the
elytra only very narrowly and feebly, longitudinally swollen; female
nearly as in fasciata, except that the emargination is rather broader
and almost evenly circular in curvature between the angulate apices,
the latter less dentiform. Length 1.3-2.3 mm.; width 0.65-0.86 mm.
Missouri (St. Louis) and Indiana. [^=zQyrophaena diss. Er.].
dissimilis Er.
6 — Form only moderately stout, subparallel, polished, smaller in size, pale
rufo-flavate in color, the head and elytra black, the latter testaceous in
anterior half at the sides, the pale color obsolete at the scutellum; head
and pronotum finely and very obsoletely micro-reticulate, the elytra
and abdomen somewhat strongly so; head with a few coarse sparse
punctures except broadly along the median line; antennae moderate;
prothorax distinctly wider than the head, almost twice as wide as long,
nearly as in fasciata throughout; elytra slightly wider than the pro-
thorax and but little more than a third longer, the humeri only slightly
exposed, rounded, the punctures rather strong, asperate and sparse;
abdomen at base subequal in width to the elytra, moderately tapering
thence to the tip, sparsely punctulate along the apices of the dorsal
plates as usual. Male with two short slender acute processes at the
upex of the sixth tergite as usual, but with the bottom of the inclosed
sinus only very feebly produced in the middle as a broadly rounded
lobe ; external apical angles of the elytra but very slightly and briefly
swollen; female with the sixth tergite nearly as in fasciata. Length
1.3-1.8 mm.; width 0.65-0.78 mm. Cuba (Cayamas),— C. F. Baker.
cnbensis n. sp.
7 — Body rather stout, suboval, polished, very pale luteo-flavate, the head
piceous to black, the abdomen sometimes with a small infumate cloud
at about the fourth tergite; legs and antennae very pale; head and
pronotum not at all micro-reticulate, the elytra faintly and obsoletely,
the abdomen very distinctly so; head with some scattered coarse punc-
tures as usual, the eyes separated by scarcely twice their own width;
antennae moderate; prothorax distinctly wider than the head, about
twice as wide as long, widest rather distinctly before the middle, the
sides more rounded anteriorly, the base arcuate, the surface nearly
Casey — Observations on the Stophylinidae. 289
as in fasciata and other species; elytra well developed, nearly a fourth
wider and one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri well exposed,
the punctures fine and very sparse; abdomen at base nearly as wide as
the elytra, rapidly tapering thence to the tip, subimpunctate as usual.
Male with the elytra narrowly and feebly elevated for a short distance
in front of the exterior apical angles, the sixth tergite concealed in
specimens at hand ; female with the sixth tergite emarginate nearly as
in fasciata, the apices bounding the sinus obtusely rounded. Length
1.4-1.9 mm.; width 0.75-0.88 mm. Lower California (San Jose del
Cabo and Sierra El Taste), — Chas. Fuchs peninsnlaris n. sp.
That form of dissimilis which is alluded to by Erichson
as having densely and finely granulated elytra, is probably a
wholly different species, and the large puncture at each side
of the front, near the eyes, is not visible in any of my speci-
mens and may be a deformity in the types described ; other-
wise the species which I have assumed to be dissimilis agrees
well with the orginal description. In South America, Fhan-
erota is represented at present by Gyrophaena hoops and
debilis, of Sharp.
Gyrophaena Mann.
This genus is composed of very numerous species, having
considerable variety in facies and in the form and structure
of the antennae and prothorax, but agreeing throughout in
the conformation of the intermesocoxal parts, the mesosternal
process being ver}^ broad and extending virtually throughout
the length of the acetabula, where it meets the rounded and
very short metasternal projection. The secondary sexual
characters of the male are also very distinct as a rule and
considerably diversified, and, as the males are usually as
abundant as the females, we fortunately have here a very ready
means for the estimation of specific values. The sixth ter-
gite in the female is usually rounded and without special
modification, but in a few species, such as sculptipennis, there
is a broad shallow sinus at the apex of this plate, analogous
to the sinus of the sixth tergite of the female so constant
throughout the genus Phanerota. The punctuation of the
elytra is generally, and perhaps to some degree universally,
dual in nature, there being some scattered asperulate punc-
tures, especially visible toward the external apical angles,
290 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
which bear the short, stiff, suberect hairs and others, irregu-
lar in size and disposition, which seem to be simply minute
nude indentations of the surface of obscure origin; this
sculpture is especially developed in such forms as sculptipen-
nis and suhpunctata. The tergites have each an apical or
subapical series of small asperate setiferous punctures, the
disk generally having in addition some very minute, sparsely
scattered punctures except toward base, these latter bear-
ing very short, decumbent and peculiarly arcuate hairs, only
visible under high power. On the pronotum the two setiger-
ous punctures, moderately close-set at basal third or fourth
and another, at each side more posterior and near the margin,
appear to be constant throughout the genus, and the other
very sparse and smaller punctures are generally more closely
aggregated in two irregular parallel longitudinal series, and,
to some extent, remotely and irregularly scattered toward the
sides. The thirty-two species in my cabinet may be con-
veniently classified as follows : —
Antennae gradually incrassate from the fourth or fifth joint to the
apex 2
Antennae with the joints beyond the fourth abruptly wider, forming a
a long loose parallel or subparallel club 6
2 Prothorax but slightly narrower than the base of the elytra. Form
stout, rather depressed, polished, pale flavate, the head dark rufo-
piceous, the elytra more whitish in color, with the outer apical part
narrowly and faintly nubilous with piceous, a faintly piceous cloud also
occupying most of the fourth tergite; prothorax slightly darkened
along the middle, sometimes inclosing an elongate pale spot in
basal half; head, pronotum and elytra wholly devoid of trace of micro-
reticulation, the abdomen very obsoletely reticulate; head transverse,
with a few coarse punctures at each side, the antennae attaining
basal third of the elytra, the fourth joint elongate, as long as the fifth,
the tenth as long as wide; prothorax much wider than the head, three-
fourths wider than long, rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence feebly
narrowed to the broadly rounded basal angles, the base broadly
rounded, distinctly reflexed throughout the width, the surface with two
transverse pairs of submedial punctures, strongly impressed before and
behind the middle of the length; elytra about a fifth wider and nearly
one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri well exposed, the setig-
erous punctures sparse and asperate at the sides and toward the
external angles, elsewhere with very fine, sparse, nude and irregularly
distributed punctules; abdomen at base slightly narrower than the
elytra, at apex distinctly narrower. Male with two short acute pro-
cesses at the apex of the sixth tergite, separated by more than two-fifths
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 291
of the basal width, the bottom of the inclosed sinus feebly and broadly
lobed, the apex of the lobe with two small acute and approximate
cusps, the adjoining surface feebly and obliquely bitumorose; female
with the sixth tergite broadly arcuato-truncate at tip. Length 1.9-3.0
mm.; width 0.68-0.88 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) and Pennsylvania
Westmoreland Co.) Titrina n. sp.
Prothorax much narrower than the base of the elytra, generally distinctly
obtrapezoidal in form 3
3 — Fourth antennal joint elongate; antennae pale. Body stout In form,
rather convex, shining, dark in color, the head black, the prothorax
and entire abdomen, except feebly toward base, blackish-piceous, the
latter flavescent at tip, varying to entirely pale with a narrow fascia;
elytra flavo- testaceous, blackish at the external apical angles; legs
and antennae flavate; head strongly, the pronotum and abdomen more
feebly though obviously micro-reticulate, the elytra very obsoletely so;
head as in vitrina, but with more numerous and smaller sparse punctures
toward the sides; prothorax slightly, though evidently, wider than the
head, one-half wider than long, rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence
strongly narrowed toward base, the latter broadly, evenly arcuate and
finely reflexed, the surface with two medial longitudinal series of
punctures, also feebly biimpressed before the scutellum, the impressions
with some fine nude punctules; elytra a third wider and longer than
the prothorax, the humeri rather widely exposed, rounded, the punc-
tures very fine and sparse, nearly as in vitrina; abdomen wide, nar-
rowed slightly toward tip. Male with the sixth tergite broadly arcu-
ato-truncate at tip, the apex having a very shallow, circularly rounded,
abruptly formed sinus about a fourth as wide as the segment, the sinus
with two very small tuberculous asperities almost equally trisecting its
width, or more approximate, the ends of the sinus each marked by a
small oblique compressed tubercle, generally not projecting posteriorly
behind the edge, the surface before the sinus with two more distinct
and rather widely separated and numerous smaller setigerous tubercles;
female with the sixth tergite arcuato-truncate throughout the width.
Length 2.0-2.6 mm.; width 0.66-0.8 mm. New York (Catskill Mts. to
Lake Superior) flavicornis n. sp.
Fourth antennal joint not all elongate, rounded or feebly obtrapezoidal;
antennae dark ; smaller species ♦
4 — Form moderately stout and shining, dark in color, the entire surface
strongly micro -reticulate, the abdomen rather more finely; head and an-
tennae black, the three basal joints of the latter fiavate; prothorax black-
ish, the elytra flavo-testaceous, black atthe outer apical angles, the abdo-
men rufo-testaceous, with the fourth and most of the adjoining tergites
black; legs fiavate; head finely, sparsely punctate laterally, the antennae
rather stout distally, but little longer than the head and prothorax, the
latter strongly transverse, about three-fourths wider than long, slightly
but. distinctly wider than the head, feebly obtrapezoidal, rounded at
the sides anteriorly, the apical and post-median pairs of punctures most
distinct; elytra a third wider and one-half longer than the prothorax,
the humeri well exposed, rounded, the punctures fine, distinct externally
toward tip, obsolete toward the scutellum; abdomen somewhat arcu-
292 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
ately narrowei from base to apex, nearly as wide as the elytra. Male
with four or six subequal, subequidistaat, and elongate asperities near
the apex of the fifth tergite in almost median half, the sixth with two
long, slender and aciculate porrect processes at tip, separated by half
the width, the processes gradually and feebly curved inwardly and to
some extent upwardly toward apex, the inclosed sinus feebly curved,
with an extremely feeble obtuse cusp at the middle; fine and dense
asperities of the seventh tergite parted along the median line by a feebly
impressed glabrous channel; female not at hand. Lenguh 1.4 mm.;
width 0. 05 mm. Utah (Provo),— H. F. Wiekhara nteanan. sp.
Form nearly similar but more parallel, with wider heid and relatively nar-
rower hind body; coloration dark, the head blackish, the prothorax but
slightly less dark, the antennae blackish-piceous, flavate toward base;
elytra dark flivo-testaceoas, infumit^ toward the apical angles exter-
nally, the abdomen black, with the tip not very obviously paler, gradu-
ally paler and dark though clear rufo-testaceous iu about basal half, the
legs pale; upper surfice distinctly micro-reticulate throughout, the
elytra m^st coarsely aid feebly so; head feebly and sparsely punctulate
laterally, the antennae rather strongly incrassate distally, with the outer
joints distinctly traosverse; prothorax scarcely visibly wider than the
bead, less transverse than in uteana, about one-half wider than long,
the sides parallel and not obviously converging posteriorly, feebly
rounded, more strongly at apex, the base arcuate, the angles rather dis-
tinct but rounJed, the four past-median punctures alone distinct; elytra
two-fifths wider and oae-half longer than the prothorax, less transverse
thin in iiteana, fl lely puactate externally and apically, subimpuactate
elsewhere, the fioe puactules very sparse but aggregated into a narrow
irregular series parallel and very close to each sutural bead; abdomen
Bubparallel, slightly narrower than the elytra. Male vrnkno-w a; female
with the sixth tergite rounded behind. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.68
mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield),— H. F. Wickham gandens n. sp.
Form stouter and less parallel, nearly as iu uteana, convex; color dark,
nearly as in uteana throughout, the entire upper surface almost simi-
larly reticulate; head deep black, with a very few sparsely scattered
coarse punctures at each side of the front; antennae short, strongly in-
crassate near the tip, the outer joints distiuctly transverse, the tenth
much longer as well as wider than the ninth and less transverse, the
eleventh fully as lon^ as the preceding two combined; prothorax two-
fifths wider than long, distinctly wider thaa the head, the sides broadly
rouaded anteriorly, thence just visibly converging and straighter to th«
base, the base arcuate and narrowly refiexed as usual, the four post-
median punctures strong ; elytra two-fifths wider and one-half longer than
the prothorax, punctured nearly as in gaudens, the humeri widely exposed
at base; abdomen at base distinctly narrower than the elytra, thence
arcuately tapering to the tip. Male with two small oblique elliptical and
smoothly rounded, though slightly elevated tubercles, near the apex of
the fifth tergite and narrowly separated, with two more elongate and
feeble asperities external thereto, the sixth with two acutely pointed,
rather long porrect processes at tip, gradually curved slightly inward,
finely carinate externally and separated by half the total width, the in-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 293
closed sinus feebly lobed toward the middle, the lobe bearing two fine,
acicQlateand very approximate processes extending posteriorly half way
to the line of the apices of the principal processes, the adjoining surface
with two oblique smooth elliptical tumors, similar to those of the fifth
tergite, and, betwean each of these and the base of the large processes,
a small setigerous asperity; female with the sixth tergite broadly
roundel. Length 1.3-1.6 mm.; width 0.63-0.78 mm. Colorado
(Boulder Co. ) montieola n. sp.
Form more slender and parallel, distinctly depressed, the elytra flat; entire
surface micro-reticulate, the abdomen very feebly so toward base, the
elytra strongly; head darker, the prothorax rather pale, rufo-piceous,
the antennae dark flavate toward base, more slender than in montieola
and with the ninth and tenth joints similar and slightly transverse like
the preceding joints; elytra very pale flavate, the outer apical angles
rather abruptly piceous-black; abdomen pale and slightly more rufo-
flivate, the fourth tergite black and the two adjoining piceous; legs
pale flavate; head moderate, witb some coarse scattered punctures at
each side of the front; prothorax but very slightly wider than the head,
nearly three-fourths wider than long, the sides subparallel and strongly
arcuate, the base arcuate and flnely reflexed as usual, punctured as in
the preceding species; elytra two-fifths wider and longer than the pro-
thorax, transverse, the humeri somewhat well exposed, rounded, the
punctures very fine and sparse, disposed as usual; abdomen but slightly
narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides, narrowed
only slightly at apex. Male with four small, subequal and equidistant
asperities near the tip of the fifth tergite in median third, the sixth with
two long, very slender, acutely poioted and feebly arcuate porrect pro-
cesses, widely separated and slightly curved inward, much more slender
than in montieola, the bottom of the inclosed sinus just concealed in the
only males at hand, but evidently without porrect processes of any de-
cided prominence. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.63 mm. British Colum-
bia (Kamloops and Glenora), — H. F. Wickham paciflca n. sp.
6 — Antennal joints five to ten as long as wide or nearly so, sometimes
slightly elongate 6
Antennal joints five to ten always distinctly transverse, forming a usually
stouter and more compact club ; species always very small in size IS
6 — Prothorax strongly transverse, almost as wide as the base of the elytra.
Body stout, fusiform, moderately convex, polished, the head and proao-
tum very obsoletely micro-reticalate, the latter almost completely smooth ;
head blackish-piceous, the antennae and legs pale; prothorax pale
luteous, broadly infumate toward the middle; elytra whitish-flavate,
not distinctly darker at the outer apical angles; abdomen pale flavate,
the median part of the fourth tergite black, the neighboring surface
infuma'.e; head with very few coarse punctures toward the eyes, the
antennae rather stout, with joints five to ten slightly wider than long,
and just visibly increasing in width but virtually forming the paralle
club of the remaining species, the fourth joint shorter than wide;
eyes small; prothorax much wider than the head, fully three-fourths
wider than long, the sides subparallel, broadly rounded, the base
rather strongly arcuate, the post-median pair of punctures strong;
294 . Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
elytra scarcely a fourth wider and two-flfths longer than the pro-
thorax, the humeri broadly rounding to the prothorax, feebly and
sparsely punctate except toward the scutellum; abdomen arcuately and
feebly tapering from base to apex. Male with a small, narrow, some-
what elongate tubercle on the median line of the fifth tergite near the
hind margin; sixth produced in the middle in a short and broadly,
evenly rounded lobe, a third as wide as the segment, the lobe very
feebly and broadly biirapressed; female wanting. Length 2.2 mm.;
width 0.83 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) lobata n. sp .
Prothorax generally obtrapezoidal, much narrower than the base of the
elytra * 7
7 — Elytra very minutely, sparsely and inconspicuously punctured as
usual, smooth toward the inner basal angles 8
Elytra distinctly punctured 12
8 — Fifth antennal joint distinctly wider than long. Body rather stout,
polished, feebly micro-reticulate throughout, the head piceous-black,
the antennae dusky, flavate toward base; prothorax rufo-flavate, the
elytra pale but less rufous, not darker at the apical angles, the abdo-
men flavate, with a feeble cloud on the fourth tergite, the legs pale;
head impressed and strongly, sparsely punctate at each side of the
front, the eyes small, very prominent; antennae rather short, extend-
ing to about basal third of the elytra, with joints five to ten stout,
slightly transverse, just visibly increasing in width, forming virtually
a subparallel club; prothorax two -thirds wider than long, slightly
wider than the head, the sides parallel and somewhat strongly,
evenly arcuate, slightly biimpressed before the middle of the base, the
sparse punctures as usual; elytra fully two-fifths wider and
about one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri widely exposed at
base, rounded; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, gradually and
feebly tapering from base to apex. Male with eight elongate, sub-
equidistant asperities on the fifth tergite near the apex, the two
median rather less elongate and more acutely pointed posteriorly ; sixth
with two long compressed and inwardly arcuate processes at tip in
median two-fifths, the processes obtusely rounded at tip, oblique in
plane and rather carinate externally, the inclosed sinus subequally
trisected by two straight cylindric porrect processes which are slightly
bulbous at tip and abjut attaining the line of the apices of the lateral
processes, the surface longitudinally tumid in prolongation of each of
the medial processes; female unknown. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.85
mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) involuta n. sp.
Fifth antennal joint at least as long as wide and generally longer 9
9 — General form more elongate and subparallel 10
General form stouter and more fusiform, the abdomen more rapidly and
strongly narrowed from base to apex 11
10 — Form moderately stout, polished, feebly micro-reticulate throughout,
pale fiavate throughout, the head irregularly clouded with rufo-
piceous, the abdomen with a very faint cloud involving the fourth ter-
gite and the elytra more silvery; head not very transverse, sparsely
punctate laterally, the antennae more developed than in any other
species, pale flavate throughout, extending about to the middle of the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 295
elytra, the outer seven joints forming a long loose stout and parallel
club, joints five to eight distinctly longer than wide, the next two
fully as long as wide, the eleventh much shorter than the two preced-
ing combined; prothorax only slightly wider thaa the head, one-half
wider than long, feebly obtrapezoidal, the sides more rounded an-
teriorly, the base broadly arcuate, the sparse punctures all feeble;
elytra well developed, two-flfths wider and fully one-half longer than
the prothorax, the humeri well exposed and rounded; abdomen at
base distinctly narrower than the elytra, thence moderately tapering
to the tip. Male having a small, feebly elevated semicircle in about
median tenth or less and near the apex of the flfth tergite, the open-
ing of the arc anterior; sixth with two short and strongly inflexed pro-
cesses in median third of the apex, the inclosed sinus transverse at
the bottom, with the edges feebly undulated and bearing about five
very small setae, the surface scarcely modified, smooth and polished;
female with the sixth tergite truncate, otherwise unmodified. Length
2.2 mm.; width 0.78 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.). anteunalis n. sp.
Form moderately stout, polished, feebly micro -reticulate throughout, the
head black, the remainder rufo-flavate, the elytra flavate, blackish at
apex except toward the suture, the abdomen with a blackish cloud in-
volving the fourth and half of the fifth tergite; legs and antennae pale,
the latter gradually somewhat iofumate distally, extending nearly to
the middle of the elytra, moderately stout, the fifth and sixth joints
elongate, the next two as long as wide, the ninth and tenth very slightly
wider than long, the eleventh distinctly shorter than the two preceding
together; head with rather numerous sparse punctures toward the
sides; prothorax very distinctly wider than the head, and, like the
latter, relatively larger than in antennalis but otherwise nearly similar,
except that the sides are virtually parallel; elytra nearly similar, except
in the blackish apex; abdomen but little narrowed behind, distinctly
narrower than the elytra. Male with sexual characters nearly like those
of antennalis, the arcuate tumidity at the middle of the flfth tergite near
but at some distance from the apex, much larger and occupying about
an eighth of the total width, the short strong and inwardly projecting
apical processes of the sixth, separated by a third of the width, nearly
similar, the transverse bottom of the inclosed sinus with three undu-
lations, each bearing a short seta; female with the sixth tergite broadly,
evenly arcuate at tip. Length 2.3 mm. ; width 0.78 mm. Lake Superior
(Isle Royale) insoleus n. sp.
Form slender, polished, the head and abdomen distinctly, the elytra very
obsoletely, micro-reticulate, the pronotura without trace of reticu-
lation; head black, the prothorax piceous-black, the elytra pale silvery-
flavate, without distinct darker marking, the abdomen more rufous,
with the usual blackish cloud at the fourth tergite; head rather small,
with very few flue punctures at each side, the antennae clear flavate
throughout, rather slender, extending to about the middle of the elytra,
the flfth joint elongate, six to ten as long as wide; prothorax nearly
three- fifths wider than long, distinctly wider than the head, strongly
obtrapezoidal, the hides rouuded anteriorly, thence strongly converging
,to the broadly arcuate base, the usual punctures distinct; elytra shorter
296 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
than in the two preceding species, strongly transverse, a fourth wider
and one-third longer than the prothorax, the humeri moderately ex-
posed at base, narrowly rounded; abdomen narrow, feebly tapering,
very evidently narrower than the elytra. Male with a small, posteriorly
rounded, low tubercle near the hind margin of the fifth tergite, the
tubercle abruptly elevated posteriorly, its surface gradually slopingi
expanding and gradually disappearing anteriorly, the sixth with two
short stout and inwardly curved processes in median two-flfths of
the apex, the bottom of the inclosed sinus with about three undula-
tions, each bearing a very minute setose process, the adjacent surface
becoming smooth and punctureless near the sinus; female with the
sixth tergite evenly and broadly arcuate at tip. Length 1.7-2.0 mm.;
width 0.66-0.76 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) f ascicollis n. sp.
Form slender, polished, the entire upper surface very feebly micro-reticu-
late, the elytra scarcely visibly so, pale flavate in color, the head black-
ish but paler toward the middle of the front, the elytra more silvery,
without dark maculation, the cloud of the abdomen very diflEuse, pale
and barely visible; pronotum somewhat mottled with clouded areas;
antennae flavate, extending to the middle of the elytra, rather stout,
fifth to seventh joints slightly elongate, eighth to tenth as long as wide
to slightly transverse, the eleventh much shorter than the two preced-
ing combined; prothorax only very slightly wider than the head, three-
fifths wider than long, distinctly obtrapezoidal, nearly as ia fuscicollis;
elytra much longer, only slightly transverse, two-fifths wider and three-
fifths longer than the prothorax, the humeri widely exposed at base;
abdomen much narrower than the elytra, feebly tapering throughout.
Male with the fifth tergite wholly unmodified, the sixth without trace
of apical processes but with the apex broadly emarginate in median
third, the sinus broadly, transversely subrectilinear and unmodified at
the bottom and about five times as wide as deep, Its sides marked by
distinct obtuse angles, the surface of each being feebly swollen; female
wanting. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.66 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.).
modesta n. sp.
11 — Form stouter than in modesta, with smaller head and more transverse
elytra and with shorter elytra, smaller head and slightly less develop«d
antennae than in antennalis, the inteijuments denser than in either,
shining, mlcro-reticulate throughout, flavate, the prothorax bright and
immaculate, paler than the elytra, which are more luteo-flavate, the head
piceous, the cloud of the abdomen small and very feeble; head small,
with a few sparse and distinct punctures at each side, the antennae
flivate, rather stout, extending to basal third of the elytra, of the same
type as In the four preceding species; prothorax fully two-thirds wider
than long, much wider than the head, the sides subparallel and broadly
arcuate, the usual punctures distinct but small; elytra strongly trans-
verse, two- fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri
rather widely exposed, rounded; abdomen slightly narrower than the
elytra, gradually and somewhat strongly tapering from base to apex,
with feebly arcuate sides. Male unknown ; female with the sixth ter-
gite broadly, evenly rounded at apex. Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.7
mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) gilvicollis n. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 297
Form stout, fusiform, allied closely to insolens and almost similar in color-
ation and in the general nature of the male sexual characters, but
smaller, with more rapidly tapering abdomen and much more strongly
converging sides of the prothorax basally, polished, micro-reticulate
throughout,- the head black; prothorax pale, clouded along the middle,
the elytra pale, blackish on the flanks except at the humeri, broadly
along the apex and narrowly along the suture to the base; abdomen
pale rufous, clouded at and near the fourth tergite ; head with a few
sparse punctures as usual ; antennae stout, flavate, gradually infumate
distally, the fifth joint elongate, the others to the tenth gradually
shorter, the latter perceptibly wider than long; prothorax much wider
than the head, one-half wider than long, strongly obtrapezoidal, punc-
tured as usual; elytra two-fifths wider and one-half longer than the
prothorax, the humeri well exposed, the suture somewhat impressed,
the punctures rather more distinct than usual ; abdomen at base nar-
rower than the elytra, at apex very much narrower. Male with a feebly
tumid arc tangent posteriorly to the apex of the fifth tergite and occu -
pying about an eighth or ninth of its entire width; sixth with two short
and strong, inwardly directed processes in median third of the apex,
the inclosed sinus with about three feeble undulations, each bearing
a minute setose process; female with the asperate punctulation of the
abdomen distinct and close-set posteriorly toward the sides, the sixth
tergite rounded. Length 1.6-1.8 mm.; width 0.72-0.8 ram. Colorado
(Boulder Co. ) lanrana n. sp.
Form rather stout, polished, feebly micro-reticulate throughout, flavate,
the head black, the elytra blackish on the flanks posteriorly and
broadly along the apex nearly to the suture, the black cloud on the
fourth tergite small ; head well developed, with a few rather coarse
punctures; antennae flavate, extending nearly to the middle of the
elytra, rather stout, loose as usual in this group, the flfth joint slightly
elongate, the tenth about as long as wide, the eleventh very nearly as
long as the two preceding combined; prothorax rather large, slightly
wider than the head, one-hail wider than long, the sides rounded in
nearly apical half, thence distinctly converging and straighter to the
base, the latter arcuate, the punctures as usual; elytra a third wider
and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, the humeri rounded and
moderately exposed, the punctures minute ; abdomen at base nearly as
wide as the elytra, rapidly narrowed thence to the tip, the sides
almost straight except near the apex, the surface smooth, almost wholly
devoid of minute asperate punctures posteriorly in the female. Male
unknown. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.; width 0.7 mm. Missouri (St. Louis.).
conicirentris n. sp.
Form nearly similar but smaller and with a relatively smaller prothorax,
polished, feebly micro-reticulate throughout, fiavate, the head black,
the elytra less reddish, barely at all infumate near the external apical
angles, the abdominal cloud small and feeble; head as usual; antennae
fully attaining basal third of the elytra, rather less ttout than in coni-
civentris and sensibly infumate distally, the fifth joint as long as wide,
the tenth rather wider than long, the eleventh almost as long as the
two preceding combined; protliorax much wider than the head, in out-
298 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
line and punctuation nearly as in coniciventris ; elytra nearly similar
but less transverse, the humeri more widely exposed; abdomen nearly
similar but with the surface finely, closely and asperately punctulate
posteriorly, the sixth tergite similarly rounded at tip in the female.
Male unknown. Length 1.4 mm. ; width 0.67 mm. Missouri (St. Louis.).
genittva n. sp.
12 —Body rather stout, somewhat convex, polished, very obsoletely micro-
reticulate throughout, more distinctly on the abdomen, paleflavate, the
abdomen reddish, with a very small nubilous darker cloud in the usual
position ; elytra blackish at the external apical angles ; head rufo-piceous,
impressed and coarsely punctured at each side, the antennae stout,
extending to basal third of the elytra, infuscate, flavate toward base,
the joints five to ten somewhat wider than long, the eleventh almost as
long as the two preceding combined; prothorax much wider than the
head, two-fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and broadly, almost
evenly arcuate, the base arcuate, the surface unusually convex, punc-
tured in the usual manner, with a transverse punctulate impression
before the scutellum; elytra transverse, a third wider and two-fifths
longer than the prothorax, feebly convex, slightly impressed along the
suture, strongly, closely and irregularly punctate throughout, more
roughly scabrous externally toward apex, the humeri well exposed,
rounded; abdomen strongly tapering from base to apex. Male with six
small subequldistant asperities near the apex of the fifth tergite through-
out the width, the two median rounded and acutely tuberculiform, the
others elongate and cariniform; sixth trapezoidal, the apex fully half as
wide as the base and with two incurved apical processes, obliquely
compressed, the intervening sinus with three equidistant, straight,
cylindric and porrect processes projecting more than half way to the
line of the apices of the lateral processes, the general surface coarsely
and strongly asperate throughout ; /emaZc with the tubercles of the fifth
tergite almost as in the male, the two medial more widely separated ;
sixth as in the male, except that the apex is emarginate throughout the
width in a simple smooth sinus about five times as wide as deep, de-
fined at the sides by simple prominent angles. Length 2.25 mm.; width
0.82 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield) and New York (Catskill Mts.).
scalptlpeunis n. sp.
Body smaller and more slender, more depressed and subparallel, polished,
evidently micro -reticulate throughout, pale flavate, the elytra less
rufous, not at all maculate, the abdominal cloud black, involving moat
of the fourth and fifth tergites; head piceous-black, paler apically, the
antennae fully attaining the middle of the elytra, feebly infumate except
toward base, the fifth joint longer than wide, the tenth somewhat wider
than long, the eleventh much shorter than the two preceding combined;
prothorax short and strongly transverse, distinctly wider than the
head and fully four-fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and rather
strongly arcuate ; base broadly arcuate, the punctures as usual, the sur-
face somewhat longitudinally impressed at each side of the broad median
line, especially toward apex and baie; elytra transverse, barely a third
wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri rather
broadly rounding to the prothorax, the surface with sparsely scattered
Casey- — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 299
coarse indented pseudo-punctures almost throughout; abdomen moder-
ately tapering from base to apex, the sixth tergite rounded in the female.
Male unknown. Length 1.7 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. New York (Catskill
Mts.) subpunctata n. sp.
Body smaller and stouter, more fusiform and convex, with rather dense
integuments, which are distinctly mlcro-reticulate throughout, testa-
ceous in color, the elytra rather more yellowish and without distinct
darker maculation, the abdominal cloud rather large, black or paler and
indefinitely limited, the head piceous-black or paler, sparsely punctate
laterally; antennae nearly attaining the middle of the elytra, moder-
ately slender, somewhat infuscate distally, the fifth joint slightly
elongate, the tenth very feebly transverse, the eleventh much shorter
than the two preceding combined, more obtuse at apex than usual ;
prothorax one-half wider than long, distinctly wider than the head,
obtrapezoidal, rounded at the sides anteriorly, the latter feebly con-
verging and less arcuate thence to the base, the surface with the usual
punctures distinct, convex; elytra as in subpunctata but less transverse
and with the indentated punctures smaller and sparser, particularly
toward the external apical angles; abdomen strongly conoidal. Male
with a low polished rounded and slightly transverse tubercle near the
apex of the fifth tergite, the sixth with two long and slender, arcuate,
incurved and pointed apical processes in median third of the total
width, the bottom of the inclosed space transversely subsinuate and
almost perfectly even, the adjoining surface transversely swollen and
polished; female with the sixth tergite broadly arcuato-truncate at
apex. Length 1.25-1.4 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. Canada (Grimsby), Iowa
and Wisconsin (Bayfield:) lacnstris n. sp.
Var. A — Form nearly similar but still smaller and more slender, the
micro-reticulation of the head and pronotum almost wholly obsolete
as are also the large indented punctures of the elytra, these being
replaced by the usual very fine sparse and inconspicuous punctures.
Male with almost identical sexual characters, the flat tubercle of the
fifth tergite being smaller, rounded and not transverse, the processes
and sinus of the sixth similar. Length 1.1mm.; width 0.58 mm.
Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia) inconspicua n. var.
18 — Prothorax distinctly or strongly transverse, as a rule, as usual 14
Prothorax but slightly wider than long; body more slender and sub-
parallel 1^
14 — Prothorax moderately transverse, generally very distinctly narrower
than the base of the elytra 15
Prothorax very strongly transverse, very nearly twice as wide as long 18
16 — General color pale 16
General color dark 17
16 — Form rather stout, moderately convex, polished, feebly mlcro-reticu-
late throughout, the head blackish, the elytra feebly infumate at the
outer apical angles, the abdominal cloud black, well developed on and
near the fourth tergite ; head with sparse coarse punctures laterally,
the antennae short, slightly longer than the head and prothorax, rather
stout, joints five to ten distinctly transverse, those beyond the third or
fourth pale brownish- fuscous In color; prothorax slightly, though
300 Trans. Acad. Sci. of iSt. Louis.
obviously, wider than the head, two-thirds wider than long, convex, the
sides parallel and broadly, evenly arcuate, the base arcuate, the usual
sparse punctures small and inconspicuous; elytra a third wider and
nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri only moderately
exposed, rounded, the punctures minute, sparse and indistinct;
abdomen broad, parallel, narrowed toward tip. Male with four fine
feeble oblique and subequidistant cariniforra asperities near the tip
of the fifth tergite in more than median third, the two median but slightly
more widely separated than those of the outer pairs, the sixth with two
short and sharply angulate projections in median third, the intervening
edge nearly straight but with two very minute, posteriorly and feebly
projecting points at the middle; female with the sixth tergite evenly
subtruncate at tip. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.; width 0.68-0.6 mm. New
York (Catskill Mts.) and Pennsylvania (near Philadelphia).
laetala n. sp.
Form nearly as in laetula but not so stoat and smaller in size, similarly
sculptured and colored, except that the antennae from the fourth joint
are rather darker or more blackish in tint, the joints fully as transverse;
integuments highly polished; prothorax and elytra almost similar. Male
having four small asperities near the apex of the fifth tergite in rather
more than median third, the two inner having the form of very slightly
elongate flattened tubercles, very much more widely separated than
either from the outer asperities, which have the form of fine elongate
carinules; sixth tergite with tvo very small pointed processes at tip,
separated by about a third of the v <1th, the interveningledge rectilinear,
continuing the general contour of t • apex and apparently not modified
in any manuer; female unknowu. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.61 mm.
Rhode Island (Boston Neck) rhodeana n. sp.
Form nearly similar but stouter than in either of the two preceding species,
polished, similarly feebly micro-reticulate and similarly colored, the
head and prothorax relatively rather larger but similar in form and
sculpture; antennae stout, the outer joints transverse, blackish, fiavate
toward base; elytra a fourth wider and two-fifths longer than the pro-
thorax, the humeri moderately exposed; abdomen broad, subparallel,
rapidly and arcuately narrowed at tip. Male with four small elongate
and subcarlniform asperities in more than median third of the fifth
tergite and near the apical margin, the asperities mutually almost simi-
lar, oblique toward the median line, the two median more abbreviated
and slightly more widely separated than either from the two outer;
sixth with two small porrect and flattened processes in median third of
the apex, the processes rather broad, with their apices rounded, the in-
termediate space with two very minute approximate acute and porrect
processes; /fwiaZe unknown. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.62 mm. New
York (Peekskill) fnstifer n. sp.
Form larger and stouter than in the three preceding, the prothorax much
smaller and less transverse, the humeri much more widely exposed,
shining, micro-reticulate throughout, pale flavate, the elytra less
rufous, not maculate, the abdominal cloud very small, confined to the
median part of the fourth tergite; head blackish, paler apically, the
antennae stout, extending to about basal third of the elytra, the second
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 301
joint ijf ally as long as the next two combined, five to ten strongly
transverse, blackish, the eleventh dark, nearly as long as the two
preceding combined; punctnres coarse and rather numerous at each
side of the median line; prothorax about equal In width to the head,
scarcely more than two-flfths wider than long, the sides rounded,
rather more converging and less arcuate toward base, the surface with
rather numerous, irregularly disposed, remotely scattered puncturss,
the usual four In subtransverse line distinct; elytra strongly transverse,
fully two-fifths wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the punc.
tures fine and sparse but rather distinct; abdomen broad, subparallel,
arcuately narrowing posteriorly, the sixth tergite broadly rounded at
apex in the female. Male unknown. Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.68
mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) centralis n. ep .
17 — Body stout, highly polished, the head and elytra without, and the
pronotum with barely a trace of micro -reticulation; head black, with
numerous coarse punctures except along the middle, the antennae
stout, fuscous, slender and fiavate at base, extending to basal third of
the elytra, the outer joints strongly transverse; prothorax slightly
wider than the head, three -fifths wider than long, convex, blackish, the
sides long and subparallel, broadly, evenly arcuate, the surface with
very few remotely scattered punctures; elytra dark flavo-testaceous,
blackish externally toward tip, a third wider and nearly two-flfths
longer than the prothorax, the humeri only moderately exposed,
rounded, the punctures fine but numerous and rather distinct ; abdomen
stout, gradually and arcuately tapering from base to apex, rufous, the
fourth tergite and most of the fifth black. Male with four fine carlni-
form asperities in median third of the fifth tergite and near the apical
margin, also, generally, one feebler exterior to these at each side, the
median pair of asperities shorter and more narrowly separated than
either from those adjacent exteriorly; sixth with two very acute and
slightly incurvate processes in median two-fifths, the inclosed sinus
lobed in the middle, the lobe bearing two small approximate and
slender processes, extending posteriorly to the line of the apices of the
principal processes aud feebly diverging from the base; female with the
sixth tergite broadly and evenly rounded. Length 1.4-1.6 mm.; width
0.7 mm. Wisconsin (Bayfield), — H. F. Wickham perpolita n. sp.
Body nearly similar to the preceding but stouter, polished, the head with
traces of micro-reticulation toward base, the pronotum obsoletely
reticulate; coloration nearly similar, the head and prothorax black, the
elytra dark piceo-flavate, gradually black externally toward tip, the
abdomen in great part black, slightly paler toward base and at tip; head
with rather numerous coarse punctures, the antennae blackish and stout
except toward base, the ouier joints transverse, the second not as long
as the next two combined; prothorax much wider than the head, three-
fourths wider than long, rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence nar-
rowed to the base, the four punctnres behind the middle of the length
large and deep, the others very few and feeble; elytra two-flfths wider
and one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri widely exposed,
without reticulation, the puQctures fine, irregular and close-set, be-
coming scabrous externally toward tip; abdomen broad, feebly tapering.
302 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Male with secondary characters nearly as in perpolita, the carlnules near
the apex of the fifth tergite generally more subequal among themselves
and subequidistant, the two processes from the bottom of the sinus of
the sixth tergite parallel, not diverging from the base and usually not
quite so approximate; female with the sixth tergite very broadly, evenly
arcuate at tip. Length 1.4-1.7 mm.; width 0.66-0.75 mm. Colorado
(Boulder Co. and Buena Vista)..' tenebrosa n. sp.
Body stout, moderately convex, not very highly polished, the entire surface
strongly micro-reticulate, uniform dark red-brown in color, the entire
abdomen black except at base and apex, the latter slightly paler; head
small, feebly punctate, the antennae dark testaceous, the outer joints
stout and transverse; prothorax smaller than usual but distinctly wider
than the head,three-flfths wider than long, the sides subparallel and broad-
ly arcuate, the base arcuate, broadly margined; surface very remotely
and indistinctly punctate, the median line narrowly and slightly elevated
throughout the length; elytra two-fifths wider and nearly one-half longer
than the prothorax, finely, sparsely and inconspicuously punctured,
the humeri well exposed at base; abdomen broad, nearly as wide as the
elytra, subparallel, only slightly narrowed at apex ; sixth tergite rounded
In the female. Male unknown. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.64 mm.
Ontario (Sudbury), — H. F. Wickham snbniteus n. sp.
18 — Form rather stout, subparallel, convex, polished, micro-reticulate
throughout, dark rufo-testaceous in color, the head scarcely darker;
elytra dark piceo-flavate, the abdomen with a large blackish cloud at
the fourth and fifth tergites; head rather small, convex, feebly, sparsely
punctate, the antennae pale throughout, the club loose and stout, the
joints transverse; prothorax much wider than the head, nearly twice as
wide as long, the sides sensibly converging and broadly arcuate from
near the base to the apex, the former broadly arcuate, the punctures
remote and small ; elytra slightly wider and about a third longer than
the prothorax, strongly transverse, finely, sparsely and asperately punc-
tate throughout, each puncture with a coarse erect yellow hair; abdo-
men at base nearly as wide as the elytra, the sides thence straight and
but slightly converging to the apex. Male with two posteriorly inclined
acute and conspicuous processes, separated by about a sixth of the en-
tire width and midway between base and apex of the fifth tergite, the
sixth with two small acute processes in median third at apex, more than
median two-thirds of the intermediate space occupied by a large and
apically rounded, flat, polished and sculptureless lobe, extending pos-
teriorly beyond the line of apices of the lateral processes, with its edges
finely reflexed and extending forward onto the surface of the segment
in two fine cariniform lines; female with the sixth tergite very broadly,
evenly rounded. Length 1.2-1.4 mm.; width 0.52-0.58 mm. Rhode
Island (Boston Neck) and Missouri (St. Louis) compacta n. sp.
Form very stout, convex, polished, feebly micro-reticulate, the elytra and
abdomen more strongly, black, the prothorax with a very faint piceous
tinge, the elytra almost equally feebly rufescent; head relatively rather
small, finely, sparsely punctate, the antennae moderately stout distally,
with the joints transverse, five to ten black or blackish in color; pro-
thorax much wider than the head, nearly twice as wide as long, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 303
sides somewhat converging from near the apex to the base, the latter
broadly arcuate, the remote punctures small; elytra slightly wider and
two -flftha longer than the prothorax, with floe and sparse asperulate
punctures and rather short darkish hairs throughout; abdomen at base
as wide as the elytra, the sides rapidly tapering thence to the tip; sixth
tergite rounded in the female. Male unknown. Length 1.2 mm. ; width
0.62 mm. Pennsylvania (Westmoreland Co.) obesnla n. sp.
Form less stout, subparallel, polished, very obsaletely micro -reticulate,
the abdomen more finely and distinctly, black, the prothorax slightly
piceous, the elytra piceo-flavate, darker externally and apically, the
abdomen dark rufous, with the fourth tergite and most of the fifth
black; head rather well developed, with sparse and distinct punctures
laterally, the antennae stout distally, the outer joints transverse, black
beyond the fourth, five to eleven gradually very slightly thicker but
producing the general impression of a loose parallel club; prothorax
relatively smaller than in the two preceding species, nearly twice as
wide as long, only slightly wider than the head, the sides subparallel
and rather strongly arcuate, the remotely scattered punctures some-
what distinct; elytra transverse, a fourth or fifth wider and two-fifths
longer than the prothorax, the humeri perceptibly exposed, the punc-
tures minute, obsolete toward the scutellum, fine, closer and more
distinct near the external apical angles; abdomen arcuately and moder-
ately tapering from base to apex, not quite as wide as the elytra, the
sixth tergite rounded in the female. Male unknown. Length 1.15 mm.;
width 0.51 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg; raicans n. sp.
19 —Form elongate, rather slender, subparallel, polished, not distinctly
micro-reticulate except on the abdomen, dusky-testaceous, the elytra dark
piceo-flavate, the abdomen paler flavate, with a very small medial cloud
near the apex ; head rather well developed, with a few scattered punctures
toward the sides; antennae pale, only moderately stout, the outer
joints not very strongly transverse and gradually very slightly infu-
mate toward tip; prothorax not distinctly wider than the head, a fourth
or fifth wider than long, the sides long, subparallel and moderately
arcuate, the base broadly rounded, the aagles rounded though
obvious, the surface with rather numerous small punctures scattered
along the medial regions from base to apex; elytra only moderately
transverse, two-flfths wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri
somewhat distinctly exposed, rounded, the punctures fine, sparse and
indistinct; abdomen subequal In width to the elytra, but little nar-
rowed at tip; sixth tergite rounded or subtruncate in the female. Male
unknown. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.46 mm, Pennsylvania (near
Philadelphia) and Rhode Island (Boston Neck) egeua n. sp.
Form slender, subparallel, polished, not evidently micro-reticulate, pale
fiavate, the head but little darker, the elytra infumate posteriorly, the
abdomen scarcely maculate; head with a few sparse punctures, feebly
Impressed at each side of the middle, the impressions connected by a
feeble transverse impression behind the frontal margin; antennae
flavate, the outer joints moderately transverse; prothorax subequal in
width to the head, about a fourth wider than long, rounded at the
sides, the latter more converging toward apex from near the middle
804 Trans, Acad. ScL of St. Louis.
than toward base, the surface with a few sparse punctures; elytra two-
flfths wider and longer than the prothorax, with a few sparse punc-
tures, especially evident toward base, the humeri distinctly exposed ;
abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the
Bides, moderately narrowed posteriorly only near the apex; female
with the sixth tergite broadly rounded. Male characters obscured in
the type but apparently feeble. Length 1.26-1.85 mm. ; width 0.42-0.51
mm. Ontario (Toronto) exilig n. sp.
The above is only the first rude attempt to bring order out
of chaos and may not represent the most natural succession
of the species in this hitherto neglected genus. There are,
for example, several transitions between the species having
the antennae decidedly increasing in thickness from the fifth
joint to the tip and those having joints five to eleven parallel,
and I do not believe that this is an altogether natural sub-
division. These transitional forms are mentioned, however,
in the above descriptions and will probably not give rise to
much uncertainty in identification. The principal object at
the present time is to bring forward such characters as may
be easily recognized, in order that the species may be identi-
fied and further study and collecting encouraged. The next
revision, with fuller material, may enable the reviewer to give
a more natural classification, perhaps based primarily upon
the very pronounced secondary sexual modifications of the
male.
The species identified above as Jiavicornis Mels., varies in
<5olor more than any other that I have observed, the usual
coloration being dark but varying from this to almost wholly
flavate. Inconspicua has very nearly the same secondary
sexual characters as lacustriSy except that the tubercle of the
fifth tergite is rather smaller and more circular and it is
therefore very closely related, although lacking the peculiarly
pitted elytra characterizing the three species of that imme-
diate group. For the present, therefore, I have regarded it
as a subspecies of lacustris. In the Henshaw list a species
*♦ affinis Fauv.," is inscribed; affinis Sahib., is undoubtedly
intended, but there is no American species before me corre-
sponding in sexual characters to the examples of that species
forwarded by Mr. Reitter and taken in the Caucasus. I have
Casiy — Obsirvations on the Staphylinidae. 305
also been unable to identify the rufa, of Melsheimer, doubt-
fully referred to Gyrophaena.
Additional Miscellaneous Aleocharinae.
While the present paper was waiting for the press I took
occasion to draw up descriptions of some more especially
interesting species, which may be advantageously published
at the present time as follows : —
Aleocharini.
Ocalea Er.
Form rather stoat, convex, strongly shining, dark testaceous, the elytra
shaded somewhat darker externally toward apex and narrowly along the
suture, the head and abdomen piceous-black; legs pale, the antennae
blackish, gradually paler toward base; surface only very obsoletely
micro-reticulate, the elytra more distinctly, the abdomen excessively
minutely strigilate in transverse wavy lines; head parallel at the sides ,
obliquely constricted at base, feebly and rather sparsely punctate, the
antennae long, gradually and moderately incrassate distally, the tenth
joint not quite as long as wide, the eleventh scarcely as long as the two
preceding combined; prothorax large, fully one-half wider than the
head and a third wider than long, the sides broadly subangulate at
about the middle, thence strongly converging to the apex, which is
much narrower than the base; surface evenly convex, finely, sparsely
punctate, with a small transverse discal impression before the scutellum ;
elytra large, only just visibly wider and nearly one-half longer than the
prothorax, finely, closely and asperulately punctured; abdomen at base
somewhat narrower than the elytra, gradually tapering thence to
the apex, finely, sparsely punctate throughout, the vestiture rather long
but sparse, elsewhere short; mesosternal process extending to apical
fourth of the coxae, extremely acute at tip and free, the metasternum
scarcely at all entering between the coxae, obtusely angulate, the long
intermediate isthmus narrowly convex transversely. Length 3.4 mm.;
width 0.88 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.) grandicollis n. sp.
Form and coloration nearly as in the preceding, the elytra scarcely percep-
tibly shaded darker externally but more distinctly in the region of the
scutellum, quite as convex and polished, the micro-reticulation almost
wholly obsolete, even on the elytra, the strigilation of the abdomen
coarser but very nearly obsolete ; vestiture sparse and inconspicuous ;
head larger but similar in form, finely, sparsely punctate, the antennae
rath«r shorter, extending barely to the middle of the elytra but other-
wise nearly similar, the eleventh joint more pointed and as long as the
two preceding combined; prothorax relatively smaller, not subangu-
late at the sides, the latter subparallel and broadly, evenly arcuate, the
basal angles more obtusely rounded and less distinct, only about a
306 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
third wider than the head and equally transverse, the apex but little
narrower than the base; surface finely, sparsely punctate, with a small
transTcrse impression belore the scutellura; elytra nearly a fourth
wider and one-half longer than the prothorax, less finely and not so
closely punctate; abdomen subparallel, narrower than th« elytra, nar-
rowed slightly posteriorly only near the apex, similarly finely and
sparsely punctate throughout and with the first three tergites narrowly
and deeply Impressed at base; middle coxae contiguous, the raesosternal
process acutely angulate but only extending to the middle, the meta-
sternum still more obtusely abbreviated. Length 3.2 mm.; width
0.82 mm. California fSta. Cruz Mts.) franciscana n. sp.
These species both have the prothorax much more devel-
oped than in the more northern vancouveri Csy., and agree
nearly with European species of the ^»ca/a type.
Chilopora Kr.
Form slender, subparallel, strongly convex, shining, dark red-brown in
color, the head and abdomen behind the third segment blackish; legs
pale brownish- flavate, the antennae infumate, gradually pale basally;
pubescence short, inconspicuous, fine, moderately dense but scarcely
sericeous on the abdomen; head fully as long as wide, parallel, abruptly
and obliquely constricted at base, the eyes slightly prominent, the
punctures fine and sparse, the surface polished; antennae long, extend-
ing to about the tips of the elytra, slender toward base but gradually
rather strongly incrassate distally, the tenth joint longer than wide, the
eleventh obtusely pointed and as long as the two preceding combined;
prothorax but little wider than the head, distinctly longer than wide,
widest at about apical two-fifths, the sides broadly rounded, feebly
converging and straight toward base, the latter much wider than the
apex; surface finely, sparsely and subgranularly punctate with polished
interspaces, except rather narrowly along the middle, where the punc-
tures are dense and the surface feebly impressed toward base behind
the middle; elytra about a third wider and a fourth longer than the
prothorax, finely, closely punctate; abdomen parallel, slightly narrower
than the elytra, extremely minutely and rather closely punctulate;
middle coxae contiguous, the mesosternal process very acutely angu-
late, extending to about the middle, the metasternum short but rather
acutely angulate, the long Isthmus acutely compressed. Length 3.8
mm.; width 0.7mm. New York (Peekskill) amerlcana n. sp.
IForm slender, convex, blackish-castaueous in color, the head and posterior
part of the abdomen black; legs slender, pale flavate, the antennae
black, becoming piceo-testaceous toward base; integumenta opaque,
extremely minutely, subgranularly and densely punctate, the ab-
domen still more minutely but simply and very closely punctulate,
less minutely and closely in the three basal depressions, the pubescence
short, very close, especially on the abdomen; head as long as wide,
rounded at the aides of the base, the eyes not at all prominent; antennae
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 307
not quite extending to the tips of the elytra, gradually and rather
strongly incrassate distally, the tenth joint not quite as long as wide;
prothorax distinctly wider than the head, fully as long as wide, widest
at anterior two-fifths, where the sides are rather strongly arcuate, thence
rounding to the apex and feebly converging and somewhat sinuate
toward base; surface narrowly and rery feebly impressed along the
median line throughout, with a somewhat more pronounced impression
before the scutellum; elytra two-flfths wider and a third longer than
the prothorax, the crowded punctures less minute and more evident
than on the latter; abdomen parallel, distinctly narrower than the
elytra, the first three tergites strongly and rather narrowly impressed
at base; mesosternal process extending, somewhat more posteriorly
than in americana. Length 3.4 mm. ; width 0.65 mm. North Carolina
(Asheville) and Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) faliginosa n. sp.
The first of the above species is closely allied to the Euro-
pean ruhicunda Er., but has a broader neck, the latter having
the neck about two-thirds as wide as the head, while in
americana it is about three-fourths as wide; there are also
several other minor differences. The second species more
nearly resembles longitarsis, but is more slender and with
relatively much smaller elytra.
Pachycerota n. gen.
It is probable that this genus, though very isolated, will
prove to be more closely related to Ilyobates than to any
other at present described. The body is rather stout, moder-
ately convex, densely sculptured, the mesosternal process
moderately narrow, flat, extending to apical third or fourth
of the coxae, with its arcuato-truncate apex slightly free and
not quite attaining the narrowly rounded tip of the elongate
metasternal projection. The mentum is transverse, coria-
ceous at tip, the processes of the ligula long, slender and
contiguous, the palpi moderate and setose, the eyes moder-
ately developed, anterior and somewhat finely faceted, the
antennae short, compact and very stout, the neck rather
abruptly and deeply constricted and about two-thirds as wide
as the head and the first three abdominal segments somewhat
broadly and subequally impressed at base. The legs are
moderate in length, the tarsi somewhat short, the posterior
slender and two-thirds as long as the tibiae, with the basal
308 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
joint distinctly longer than the next two combined. The
type may be described as follows : —
Body moderately stout and convex, dull In lustre, the elytra more shining
and the abdomen still more so, dens«ly and rather coarsely micro -
reticulate, the reticulation very strong, obscuring the punctuation,
rngulose on the head, larger and feebler on the elytra and very feeble
on the abdomen; color black or blackish v^hen mature, the elytra
slightly paler, rufescent, the tip of the abdomen pale; legs pale testa-
ceous, the antennae black, paler toward base; pubescence moderately
long and coarse, subdecumbent; head slightly elongate, parallel and
nearly straight at the sides, the eyes before the middle and prominent,
the basal angles broadly rounded; surface with a shining and less
sculptured median line expanding in front; antennae scarcely as long
as the head and prothorax, very thick, the outer joints very transverse
and compactly joined, the second joint elongate and slightly longer
than the third, fourth transverse, four to eleven gradually wider, the
latter as long as the two preceding and very obtusely rounded at tip;
prothorax very nearly as long as wide, almost a third wider than the
head, the sides parallel and nearly straight, rounding and converging
anteriorly to the apex, the basal angles obtuse; base strongly arcuate,
the surface not impressed; elytra a third wider than the prothorax
and equal to the latter in length, the sides feebly arcuate, slightly
diverging from the humeri, which are but very slightly exposed at base;
external apical angles and scutellar region black; abdomen slightly
narrower than the elytra, parallel, finely, not rery densely punctate,
closely and more coarsely so in the basal impressions. Length 3.0
mm.; width 0.8 ram. Massachusetts to Iowa daryi n. sp.
This species does not appear to be rare and generally
occurs with ants of large size and black color. I have
received it from Messrs. Chas. Dury, of Cincinnati, and
H. F. Wickham, and from the late P. Jerome Schmitt, of
Westmoreland Co., Penn.
Gennadota n. gen.
The species described by the writer under the name Calli-
cerus puheridus (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 310), has
the anterior tarsi five-jointed and therefore constitutes a
genus allied to Ocalea and more especially to Chilopora,
having a structure of the intermesocoxal parts nearly similar
to the latter, but differing in having the first four tergites
impressed at base, as well as in its coarser, sparser sculpture,
coarse pubescence, shorter, thicker tarsi and general facies.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 30^
From Ilyohatesy which has a somewhat similar abdomen, it
differs in its more slender and acutely aciculate mesosternal
process and pointed antennae. Assuming Gallicerus obscurus
Grav., to be the type of Callicerus, there can be no doubt of
its four-jointed anterior tarsi and that its proper place is
among the Myrmedoniini, where it is wholly isolated by its
remarkable antennae. Besides the type of Gennadota, a
second species has recently been discovered, which may be
briefly described as follows ; —
Stout, parallel, convex, polished, not micro-reticulate except very obso-
letely on the elytra, the abdomen extremely finely but obsoletely
strigilate in wavy transverse lines, castaneous, the head rather more
piceous and the elytra pale brownish-rufous throughout; legs pale, the
antennae fuscous, with the first joint testaceous; pubescence rather
long, coarse, moderately sparse and distinct; head fully as long as
wide, parallel, abruptly and obliquely constricted at base, finely and
sparsely punctate, the eyes slightly prominent; antennae not quite at-
taining the middle of the elytra, moderately thick, but little enlarged
distally beyond the fifth joint, the subapical joints slightly wider than
long, the eleventh ogivally pointed, as long as the two preceding com-
bined; prothorax about two-fifths wider than long and two-fifths wider
than the head, the sides subparallel and broadly, evenly arcuate
throughout, more converging apically, the apex very distinctly nar-
rower than the base; surface finely, rather sparsely punctate and evenly
convex, except a small transverse ante-scutellar impression; elytra
large, nearly a third wider and one- half longer than the prothorax,^
strongly impressed on the suture behind the scutellum, very distinctly,
somewhat closely and asperulately punctured; abdomen parallel, evi-
dently narrower than the elytra, finely, sparsely punctate, the four sub-
equal strong basal impressions rather coarsely but not more densely
punctate. Length 3.8 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. Canada.
canadensis n. sp.
This species differs conspicuously from jpuherula in its
more transverse, more finely and sparsely punctate prothorax,
not narrowed toward base and not broadly impressed on the
median line behind the middle and also in its smaller head,,
among other characters. The European species previously
referred to by me as OaUicerus rigidicornis, will form a new
genus allied to Ilyohales.
Phloeopora Er.
Form stouter, parallel, somewhat depressed, piceous-black, the elytra rufous
behind basal third at the suture, to apical third at the sides; legs pale
310 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
brown tbrougbont,the antennae dark, paler toward base; surface dull, the
bead and prothorax strongly micro- reticulate, eacb of tbe minute and
rather close-set punctures at tbe centre of a somewhat larger polygon,
tbe elytra more shining, feebly reticulate, closely, somewhat asperately
and more distinctly punctate, tbe abdomen only reticulate toward tip,
finely, rather closely punctate; pubescence short, not conspicuous;
head and antennae as in reptans, tbe former smaller in size, tbe eyes
rather less prominent; prothorax about a fourth wider than long and
nearly a third wider than the bead, the sides subparallel, broadly arcu-
ate anteriorly, very feebly converging and straight toward base, tbe
basal angles slightly obtuse and narrowly rounded; surface very obso-
letely, transversely impressed before tbe scutellum; elytra about a fifth
or sixth wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the humeri very
slightly exposed at base; abdomen parallel, much narrower than tbe
elytra, the first four tergites subequally impressed at base. Length 2.6
mm.; width 0.62 mm. Oregon (The Dalles) , — H. F. Wiclibam.
oregona n. sp.
Form very slender, parallel, convex, shining, blackisb-plceous, tbe elytra
gradually rufous posteriorly, the abdomen wholly black; legs brown,
the antennae fuscous, slightly paler basally ; Integuments very obsoletely
micro-reticulate, the elytra not at all so, the abdomen only reticulate
toward tip; head large, fully as long as wide, abruptly constricted at
base, tbe eyes well developed and rather prominent ; antennae moder-
ately incrassate distally, but little longer than the head and prothorax,
the outer joints transverse; prothorax scarcely as wide as the head, as
long as wide, parallel, tbe sides broadly rounded anteriorly, thence
very feebly converging and nearly straight to the distinct basal angles,
the punctures, like those of the bead, fine and sparse, the surface not
at all impressed at any point; elytra fully a third wider and a fourth
longer than the prothorax, the humeri well exposed at base, the punc-
tures moderately fine but very distinct, somewhat close-set; abdomen
perfectly parallel to the tip of the fifth segment, with straight sides,
distinctly narrower than the elytra, finely, moderately closely punctate,
the first three tergites strongly, the fourth more narrowly and less
deeply impressed at base. Length 1.85 mm.; width 0.42 mm. Iowa
and North Carolina sablaeris n. sp.
The genus Phloeopora, as generally recognized, is some-
"what composite. The general facies, for example, of reptans
or the allied oregona, on the one hand, and sublaevis or the
nearly allied European corticalis on the other, being quite
different and the last has only the first three tergites im-
pressed at base. Ferruginea differs much in general appear-
ance, because of the more strongly converging sides of the
prothorax toward base, but is evidently more closely allied to
the reptans than to the corticalis group of the genus. Sub-
laevis was formerly identified by me as latens Er., but as this
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 311
species is given in the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and
Weise as European, with several European synomyms ap-
pended, and, as it is apparently a smaller species than that
indicated by Erichson in his description, I have concluded to
regard it as distinct.
IVasirema Csy.
This genus is allied rather closely to Phloeopora but
differs in its much larger and thicker antennae, with more
obtuse terminal joint, among other characters. The follow-
ing species is very distinct in general appearance: —
Slender, parallel, strongly convex, polished, dark rufo-castaneous, the elytra
slightly paler ralous, the legs brownish-flavate, the antennae fuscous,
paler toward base; integuments very faintly micro-reticulate through-
out; pubescence fine, rather sparse, decumbent; head fully as long as
wide, finely, sparsely punctulate, the eyes rather small; antennae longer
than the head and prothorax, very thick distally, the outer joints closely
joined and strongly transverse, the last but little longer than wide, very
obtusely rounded at tip; prothorax distinctly wider than the head, only
slightly wider than long, parallel, the sides evenly arcuate almost
throughout, the surface even, not impressed at any point, finely, sparse-
ly punctulate; elytra about a fifth wider and a fourth longer than the
prothorax, finely and closely but more distinctly punctate, the humeri
scarcely at all exposed at base, parallel, the sides evenly arcuate; ab-
domen distinctly narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the
sides, very minutely, rather sparsely punctulate, the first three tergltes
strongly and equally impressed and somewhat more coarsely punctate
at base, the fourth wholly without trace of basal impression. Length
2.25 mm.; width 0.48 mm. Iowa (Iowa City), — H. F. Wickham.
inqailina n. sp.
Differs greatly from humilis and parviceps in its polished
and sparsely punctulate iuteguments, but apparently con-
generic; it occurs in the nests of a rather large brown ant.
Oxypoda Mann.
The following species are additional to those previously
published by the writer (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, pp.
290-300).
Lastantennal joint moderate in gize, not longer than the two preceding
combined 2
312 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Last joint much elongated, distinctly longer than the two preceding 15
2 — Prothorax subparallel and arcuate at the sides, the apex not very much
narrower than the base 3
Prothorax subconical or with the apex strikingly narrower than the base. 8
3 — Prothorax strongly transverse 4
Prothorax nearly as long as wide 7
4 — Base of the prothorax fully as wide as the base of the elytra 6
Base of the prothorax narrower than the base of the elytra 6
6 — Body moderately slender and convex, subparallel, slightly shining,
dark brownish-testaceous, the head black, the abdomen piceous-black,
the elytra sligtitly clouded externally and broadly near the scutellum;
legs and antennae pale, the latter slightly infumate distally; punctures
very fine and close-set throughout; head wider thau long, inflated be-
hind the well developed eyes, which are not at all prominent; antennae
very short, feebly incrassate distally, but little longer than the head
and prothorax, the outer joints close-set and transverse, the second
much longer than the third; prothorax two-thirds wider than the head
and three-fifths wider than long, evenly convex throughout; elytra
equal in width to the prothorax throughout and a third longer; abdo-
men at base slightly narrower than the elytra, only feebly tapering
thence to the apex, the second and third impressions extremely feeble;
metasternal intercoxal angle very short and obtusely rounded, more
than three times as wide as long. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.65 mm.
Virginia (Norfolk) mimetica n. sp.
Body slightly stouter and more fusoid, quite as convex, slightly shining,
very minutely, moderately closely punctured, pale brownish-testaceous,
the head and abdomen blackish, the latter pale at tip; legs pale, the
antennae fuscous except toward base; pubescence longer than usual
and more shaggy; head only slightly wider than long, not at all inflated
behind the eyes, which are well developed and slightly convex; an-
tennae extending to basal third of the elytra, the outer joints distinctly
wider than long, the second longer than the third; prothorax evenly
convex, three-fourths wider than the head and three -fourths wider than
long, the sides strongly arcuate; elytra at base equal in width to the
prothorax, at tip slightly wider, about two-fifths longer; abdomen at
base much narrower than the elytra, strongly tapering thence to the tip,
the sides straight, the second and third impressions rather feeble.
Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Iowa (Iowa City),— H. F. Wlckham.
arnica n. sp.
6 — Form very elongate, rather slender, more depressed than usual, shining
anteriorly, the abdomen dull, testaceous, the head piceous-black, the
abdomen with a feeble cloud Involving the fourth lergite and most of
the fifth; legs and antennae pale, the latter slightly fuscous apically;
punctures fine, sparse on the head, closer on the prothorax and elytra, very
much more minute and excessively dense on the abdomen; pubescence
somewhat long and shaggy anteriorly, very short and decumbent on
the abdomen; head rather longer than wide, just visibly inflated behind
the moderately convex eyes ; antennae extending to the middle of the
elytra, very slender toward base, gradually and distinctly Incrassate
distally, the subapical joints slightly wider than long, the eleventh fully
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 313
as long as the two preceding or soaiewhat longer, the second and third
very long and slender, the former somewhat the shorter; prothoraz
one-half wider than the head and two-flfths wider than long, the sides
strongly, evenly arcuate; elytra a fifth wider and two-flfths longer than
the prothorax; abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel
toward base, feebly tapering in apical half, the three basal impressions
rather strong; metasternal angle pronounced, right. Length 3.2 mm. ;
width 0.8 mm. Maine (Rangeley Lake) sylrla n. sp.
7 — Moderately stout, convex, shining, deep black, the legs and the basal
joint of the antennae pale piceo-testaceous; pubescence short, subde-
cumbent and not very conspicuous; punctures fine and only moderately
clo8«-set even on the abdomen, slightly larger, denser and asperulate
on the elytra; head small, as long as wide, arcuately narrowed behind
the somewhat prominent eyes; antennae long, attaining apical third of
the elytra, gradually and moderately Incrassate distally, the subapical
joints somewhat longer than wide, the second shorter than the third;
prothorax fully four-fifths wider than the head, barely a third wider
than long, the sides evenly and strongly arcuate, the surface strongly
convex, very feebly, subtransversely impressed before the scutellum ;
elytra throughout equal in width to the prothorax, about a third longer,
almost as long as wide; abdomen at base barely narrower than the
elytra, only very feebly tapering thence to the tip, the three basal im-
pressions distinct; metasternal angle very short, obtusely rounded,
about four times as wide as long. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.
Missouri est. Louis) lacidala n. sp.
8 — Body moderately slender, the abdomen tapering posteriorly at least from
the middle 9
Body excessively slender, linear, small in size, the abdomen straight and
parallel at the sides or at the sides of the dorsal plates 14
9 — Prothorax widest at some distance before the base, less transverse
than usual; antennae thick and long. Body nearly as in lucidula, the
prothorax smaller and much more narrowed toward apex, deep black,
the elytra somewhat piceous, the legs and basal joint of the antennae
pale plceous-brown; pubescence fine, subdecumbent, not very conspic-
uous, the surface rather shining, finely, moderately closely punctate,
more strongly and densely so on the elytra, more minutely and much
more closely on the abdomen than in lucidula; head wider than long,
arcuately constricted behind the eyes, which are large but not promi-
nent; antennae thick, moderately slender toward base, extending almost
to the tips of the elytra, the subapical joints slightly elongate, the elev-
enth pointed, lobed in apical third as in lucidula, the second and third
subequal; prothorax fully three -fourths wider than the head, a third
wider than long, the sides strongly rounded toward base, becoming
strongly convergent and straighter anteriorly to the apex; surface very
feebly impressed before the scutellum; elytra sensibly wider than the
prothorax and barely a third longer; abdomen slightly narrower than
the elytra, tapering very feebly behind the middle, the three impressions
distinct; metasternal angle nearly as in lucidula. Length 2.8 mm.;
wld'uh 0.85 mm. New York (near the city.) stygica n. sp.
314 TraTis. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
Protborax widest at or near the base, more transverse; antennae small and
slender 10
10 — Species occurring west of the Rocky Mountains. Form moderately
stout and convex, rather dull, minutely, densely punctate, with short,
dense, fine and decumbent vestiture, dark piceo-rufous in color, the
head slightly darker, the abdomen blackish, the segments all nubilously
rufescent toward tip; legs very pale, the antennae infuscate distally;
head wider than long, the eyes large but not prominent; antennae
feebly incrassate distal ly, about as long as the head and prothorax, the
subapical joints transverse, the second distinctly longer than the third;
prothorax strongly conical, four- fifths wider than the head, two-fifths
wider than long, widest at base, the sides thence strongly converging,
evenly but only very feebly arcuate to the apex, the surface not Im-
pressed; elytra equal in width to the prothorax, parallel, only about a
fourth longer; abdomen at base evidently narrower than the elytra,
the sides thecce distinctly converging to the apex, the second and third
impressions very feeble. Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Nevada
(Reno) renoica n. sp.
Species of the Atlantic faunal regions to the eastern base of the Rocky
Mountains 11
11 — Metasternal angle pronounced, projecting between the coxae as far as
the free and aciculate tip of the meeosternal process 12
Metasternal angle very short and obtuse, scarcely entering the inter-
mesocoxal space 13
12 — Form stout and strongly convex, slightly shining, the elytra and abdo-
men dull, the punctures being very dense, less dense anteriorly, very
fine throughout, the vestiture short and dense; color blackish- piceous,
the elytra uniform and paler, the abdomen blackish, the segmental
apices slightly and nubilously paler; legs and the antennae gradually
toward base testaceous, the remainder of the latter black ; head sub-
orbicular, convex, somewhat transverse, the eyes well developed but
not prominent; antennae slender, feebly incrassate distally, attaining
basal third of the elytra, the subapical joints slightly transverse, the
second somewhat shorter than the third, both considerably elongated;
prothorax large, strongly convex, unimpressed, scarcely two-fifths
wider than long, four-fifths wider than the head, the sides rather
strongly converging, evenly and distinctly arcuate from base to apex;
elytra at base scarcely as wide as the prothorax, but, at apex, dis-
tinctly wider, scarcely visibly longer; abdomen at base but little nar-
rower than the elytra, strongly tapering thence to the apex, the second
and third impressions very feeble. Length 3.1mm.; width 0.92 mm.
Iowa (Iowa City), — H. F. Wickham iowensis n. sp.
Form rather stout, very small in size, convex, alutaceous, black, the
apices of the rentrals narrowly pale, the fifth more broadly and the
sixth entirely; legs and the antennae toward base plceo- testaceous;
ponctures minute and dense throughout; vestiture fine, short, rather
indistinct; head orbicular, not much inflated basally, the eyes moder-
ate, feebly convex; antennae attaining basal third of the elytra, slender
basallj, rather strongly incrassate toward tip, the subapical joints
transverse, the second much longer than the third; prothorax four-
Casey — Ohservatioiis on the Staphylinidae. 315
fifths wider than the head, nearly two-thirds wider than long, the
sides rather strongly converging from base to apex, evenly and some-
what strongly arcuate, the surface not impressed; elytra fully as wide as
the prothorax and a third longer; abdomen at base much narrower
than the elytra, strongly and evenly tapering thence to the apex, with
the sides straight, the first two impressions distinct, subequal, the
third obsolete. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.55 mm. Colorado (Boulder
Co.) ancilla n. sp.
Form much less stout and convex, more linear, small in size, shining, pale
testaceous, the head slightly darker, the abdomen feebly infumate
posteriorly except at apex; legs and the antennae gradually toward
base pale testaceous; punctures very minute but somewhat sparse,
slightly less minute and closer on the elytra, moderately close-set on
the abdomen; pubescence short, rather inconspicuous; head wider
than long, inflated at base, the eyes unusually small, not at all promi-
nent; antennae scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, the sub-
apical joints transverse, the second very much longer than the third;
prothorax about two-thirds wider than the head and one-half wider
than long, the sides becoming distinctly convergent and less arcuate
toward apex, the surface not impressed; elytra transverse, at base
slightly narrower than the prothorax, at apex about equal in width,
about equal in length, rather depressed; abdomen at base almost as
wide as the elytra, parallel to the middle, then slightly tapering to the
tip, the three basal impressions distinct. Length 2.0 mm, ; width 0.51
mm. Missouri (St. Louis) simnlans n. sp.
13 — Form moderately slender, convex, alutaceous, very finely, closely
punctate, the punctures of the elytra and abdomen unusually asperate;
pubescence very bhort and somewhat inconspicuous throughout; color
pale rufo-testaceous, the head and entire abdomen black; legs and
antennae pale, the latter Infuscate and feebly incrassate apically, ex-
tending to basal third of the elytra, the subapical joints transverse,
the second much longer than the first or third ; head mo re shining, orbic-
ular, convex, about as long as wide, the eyes well developed, slightly
convex; prothorax about one-half wider than the head, barely one-
half wider than long, the sides feebly and evenly arcuate but only
moderately converging from base to apex and much less so than in the
the two following species, the surface with a small rounded discal im-
pression before the ecutellum; elytra at base slightly narrower than
the prothorax but at apex fully as wide, between a fourth and a third
longer; abdomen at base evidently narrower than the elytra, feebly
tapering posteriorly only behind the middle, the second and third im-
pressions very feeble. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.62 mm. Missouri (St.
Louis) truncatellft n. sp.
Form less slender, feebly shining, piceous-black, the abdomen black, nu-
bilously pale at the apices of the fifth and sixth dorsals; legs and an-
tennae pale, the latter infuscate distally; punctures very fine, close-set,
those of the elytra equally dense but larger and more asperate, the
asperities of the abdomen elongate; pubescence fine, very short, rather
dark, sericeous; head slightly transverse, distinctly inflated at base, the
eyes rather small, not prominent ; antennae about as long as the head
316 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
and prothorax, feebly incrassate distally, the subaplcal joints only
slightly transverse, the second very much longer than the third ; pro-
thorax two-thirds wider than the head and nearly two-thirds wider
than long, the sides strongly converging and broadly, feebly arcuate
from very near the base to the apex, the surface wholly unimpressed ;
elytra at apex as wide as the prothorax, at base very slightly narrower,
about a fourth longer; abdomen at base very slightly narrower than the
elytra, feebly, almost evenly tapering thence to the apex, the second and
third impressions almost obsolete. Length 2.75 mm. ; width 0.7 mm.
Virginia (Fort Monroe) yirginica n. sp.
Form distinctly more slender than in virginica, convex, rather shining, cas-
taneous, the head and abdomen black, the apices of the fifth and sixth
ventrals nubilously paler, the elytra each with a nubilously rufous
oblique line from the humerus to the suture at apex; legs pale, the
antennae fuscous, pale basally; punctures anteriorly very fine and
close-set, of the elytra and abdomen distinctly though narrowly sepa-
rated and asperulate; vestiture pale, fine and decumbent, scarcely
sericeous; head less transverse and less inflated at base than In vir-
{jfin^, with larger eyes, the antennae nearly similar; prothorax three -
fifths wider than long, nearly as in virginica but with a small and very
feeble rounded impression on the disk before the scutellum; elytra
equal in width to the prothorax and barely a fifth longer; abdomen
in form, taper and relationship with the elytra nearly as in virginica
but narrower and much less closely and less asperately punctate, the
second and third impressions feeble but more distinct. Length 2.7 mm. ;
width 0.67 mm. Virginia (Norfolk) obliqaa n. sp.
14 — Body linear, convex, alutaceous in lustre, pale testaceous, the head
piceous, the abdomen infumate from the base of the third dorsal, the
apices feebly paler; legs and antennae pallid; punctures very fine and
close-set, those of the elytra and abdomen more asperulate, the ab-
dominal sculpturs becoming feebly imbricate toward base; pubescence
very short and close-set; head suborbicular, the eyes small; antennae
about as long as the head and prothorax, distinctly incrassate distally,
the subapical joints moderately transverse, the second much longer
than the third; prothorax barely one-half wider than the head, two-
fifths wider than long, the sides feebly arcuate and only moderately
converging from base to apex, the surface unimpressed; elytra small,
distinctly narrower than the prothorax throughout and evidently
shorter; abdomen obviously narrower than the elytra, the second and
third impressions narrow but distinct; metasternal projection finely
angulate, extending to the free aciculate tip of the mesosternum.
Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.45mm. Missouri (St. Louis) and Mississippi
(Vicksburg) perexilis n. sp.
15 — Prothorax narrowed gradually from base to apex, with the sides evenly
and strongly arcuate throughout 16
Prothorax widest behind the middle, the sides thence feebly converging to
the base and more strongly and less arcuate to the apex 17
16 — Body moderately slender, convex, alutaceous, deep black throughout,
the abdomen slightly paler at tip; antennae blackish to the base, the
legs piceo-testaceous; punctures extremely minute and close- set
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 317
throughout, especially on the abdomen, least close on the elytra, which
are also micro-reticulate; pubescence floe, plumbeous and inconspicu-
ous; head Inflated toward base, the eyes moderate, not prominent;
antennae attaining basal third of the elytra, gradually and distinctly
incrassate distally, the subapical ioints transverse, the eleventh obtusely
pointed, not quite as long as the three preceding combined, the second
almost as long as the next two together; prothorax twice as wide as
the head and nearly three-flfths wider than long, the sides strongly con-
verging from base to apex, the basal angles distinct and but little
rounded, the surface unimpressed ; elytra equal in width to the prothorax
and very slightly longer; abdomen at base evidently narrower than the
elytra, moderately tapering thence to the tip, the second impression
nearly as deep as the first, the third feeble. Length 2.7 mm.; width
0.67 mm. Ontario (Trenton) lacastrls n. sp.
Body rather stouter and less convex, dull, the abdomen shining, dark cas-
taneous, the abdomen and antennae, except the basal joint of the latter,
blackish, the legs pale red-brown; punctures very fine and dense, gran-
ullform on the elytra, asperulate and much less close-set on the abdo-
men; pubescence fine, dense, pale and conspicuous, longer and less
evident on the abdomen ; head transverse, the eyes large but not at all
prominent; antennae almost attaining basal third of the elytra, gradu-
ally and strongly incrassate distally, the subapical joints moderately
transverse, the eleventh evidently longer than the two preceding com-
bined, the second but slightly longer than the third; prothorax only
feebly narrowed from base to apex, four-fifths wider than the head,
fully two-fifths wider than long, the basal angles broadly rounded, the
surface wholly unimpressed; elytra parallel with slightly arcuate sides,
everywhere obviously narrower than the prothorax and only slightly
longer; abdomen at base very distinctly narrower than the elytra,
moderately and evenly tapering thence to the tip, the sides straight,
the three basal impressions rather wide and distinct, the third less deep.
Length 2.75 mm. ; width 0.7 mm. Nevada (Reno) neradensis n. sp.
17 — Form rather stout, moderately convex, narrowed auteriorly and pos-
teriorly, dull in lustre, black or piceous-black throughout, the elytra
very slightly paler and more rufous, the punctures throughout exces-
sively minute and dense, not at all asperulate even on the abdomen;
pubescence very short, dense, slightly fuscous and moderately distinct ;
head wider than long, not inflated at base, the eyes large but not promi-
nent; antennae thick, extending to the middle of the elytra, the sub-
apical joints evidently though not strongly transverse, the eleventh not
as long as the preceding three combiued, the first three equal in length
and elongate, the first slightly the thickest; prothorax one half wider
than the head and about two-fifths wider than long, the surface convex,
very feebly impressed along the median line throughout, with a deeper
rounded impression of the same width before the middle of the base;
elytra large, at base equal in width to the prothorax, at apex very dis-
distinctly wider, two-fifths longer ; abdomen at base broad but narrower
than the elytra, strongly tapering thence to the tip, with the sides feebly
and evenly arcuate, the first impression alone distinct, the second and
third obsolete; metasternal projection angulate, advancing between
318 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the coxae. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.78 mm. California (Pomona
Mts.), — H. C. Fall fuslformis n. sp.
The various genera that have been made at the expense of
Oxypoda are not discussed at present, but, from cursory ob-
servation, they seem to be less well defined than those allied
to Aleochara. Arnica, of the above table, was sent to me
gummed with a very large ant, having a rufous head, piceous
abdomen and dark brown intermediate parts, but it is prob-
ably merely incidentally inquilinous. Perexilis is not rare in
the Mississippi Valley but is solitary, like most of the Oxy-
podae, which fact accounts largely for the paucity of indi-
viduals representing the very numerous species at present in
collections; a specimen before me from New York also repre-
sents ^e7'eai7t«, in all probability, differing only in a few very
insignificant points. Fitsiformis is allied to gatoseusis, of
Bernhauer, a specimen of which was very kindly given me by
Dr. Fenyes, but it is stouter and more fusiform, with larger
and more transverse elytra, more transverse subapical and less
elongate eleventh joints of the antennae, with several other
differential characters ; in gatosensis the last antennal joint is
as long as the preceding three combined ; these two species
constitute a peculiar and rather isolated geographic group of
the genus.
Dasyglossa Kr.
The species which I described several years ago under the
name Oxypoda congruens (Ann. N, Y. Acad. Sci., VII, p.
292), is evidently the one recently identified as the European
Dasyglossa prospera Er. It is abundant in the northern Rocky
Mountain regions, extending eastward as far as Lake Su-
perior and may be cosmopolitan, or at least widely distrib-
uted in the northern hemisphere.
Hylota n. gen.
This genus differs greatly from Dasyglossa in having the
metasternal projection advanced between the coxae until it
meets the mesosternal process, which is however free, and it
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 319
differs from both Oxypoda and Dasyglossa in that the meso-
sternal process is narrowly truncate at tip. The tarsi are
5-5-5-jointed, the general form as in Oxypoda but with
much coarser and sparser sculpture, especially of the abdo-
men. The hypomera are visible from the sides, the tarsi
rather short, the basal joint of the posterior about as long as
the next two combined. Additional characters may be de-
rived from the following diagnosis of the only species knowa
to me thus far: —
Body stout, convex, opaque and mlcro-reticulate, the abdomen more shin-
ing and with feebly imbricate sculpture i pale ochreous-yellow in color^
the abdomen with a very faint cloud involviog the fourth tergite; legs
and antennae pale; punctures moderately fine and and rather close-set,
less close on the abdomen; pubescence pale, rather long and shaggy;,
head orbicular, rapidly narrowed behind the eyes to the base, the eyes
large, somewhat prominent; antennae about as long as the head and
prothorax, rather thick and incrassate distally, the subapical joints trans-
verse, the eleventh somewhat longer than the two preceding combined,
the second slightly shorter than the third, both shorter than the first;,
prothorax three- fourths wider than the head, more than one-half wider
than long, the sides distinctly converging from base to apex and some-
what strongly, evenly arcuate, the basal angles obtusely rounded, the
surface feebly flattened along tfie middle in basal half; elytra equal In
width to the prothorax and only very slightly longer; abdomen at base
very nearly as wide as the elytra, almost evenly but just visibly tapering
thence to the tip, the border rather thick, the first two tergites dis-
tinctly, the third very obsoletely impressed at base. Length 1.9 mm. ;.
width 0.76 mm. New York (near the city) ochracea n. sp.
There is but one specimen before me and this exhibits no
sexual marks.
Baryodma Thoms.
Rather slender, parallel, convex, polished, deep black, each elytron with *
large rufous spot in apical three-fifths near the suture; legs piceous-
black, the antennae black; head longer than wide, with a few fine
scattered punctures; antennae moderately incrassate distally, scarcely
as long as the head and prothorax, the subapical joints transverse, the
second rather longer than the third; prothorax evidently less than twice
as wide as the head, subparallel, about one -half wider than long, the
apex broad and but little narrower than the base, the sides feebly,,
evenly arcuate, the surface with a scarcely at all impressed double
series of irregularly disposed punctures and some flue punctures
sparsely scattered toward the sides; elytra transverse, the sides as long
as the sid«s of the prothorax, the suture three-fourths as long as the
320 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
median line, the punctures rather stroug aad well separated; abdomen
subequal in width to the elytra, parallel, finely, not densely punctate,
the three basal impressions decreasing slightly in depth, more sparsely
and not at all more coarsely punctured than the remainder of the sur-
face. Length 2.7 mm. ; width 0.9 mm. South Africa (Cape Town) .
bisolata n. sp.
Allied to nitida and verna, having the same structure of the
intermesocoxal parts, but differing from the former in its less
transverse prothorax and elytra, and, from verna, in its more
43lender and parallel form ; from both it differs in having the
«ide8 of the prothorax much less converging from base to
apex.
Mtrmedoniini.
Tinotus Shp.
Tinotus is the Myrmedoniid representative of Baryodma
and is so similar in facies as to be readily confounded with
that genus at first sight. The intermesocoxal parts are
broad, the mesosternal process slightly overlapping the me-
tasternum and carinate along the middle as in Baryodma ;
these parts seem to be normally constituted in the following
species, which is remarkable in not having a medial excava-
tion on the head or pronotum and in the singular basal im-
pressions of the latter : —
form moderately stout, convex and shining; antennae toward base and
legs more or less pale piceo-rufous; Integuments feebly micro-reticu-
late, minutely, not densely punctate, rather more distinctly and asper-
ately on the elytra, each of the very minute abdominal punctures at
the anterior convergence of two long fine straight lines; pubescence
sparse and short but extremely coarse, suberect and setlform, pale in
color; head unimpressed, as long as wide, the eyes moderate; antennae
short, barely as long as the head and prothorax, gradually and rather
«trongly incrassate distally, the subapical joints distinctly transverse,
the second and third subequal; prothorax transverse, three-fourths
wider than long, not quite twice as wide as the head, the sides
parallel and rounded, becoming strongly convergent at apex, the base
broadly arcuate, the surface wholly unimpressed except at the basal
margin, where there are two short straight oblique impressions almost
equally trisecting the basal margin and diverging anteriorly; elytra
«qnal in width to the prothorax and but little longer; abdomen at base
nearly as wide as the elytra, gradually and moderately tapering thence
to the tip, with the sides feebly arcuate, the side margins rather thick.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 321
Length 1-5 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Idaho (Coeur d'Alene), — H. F.
Wlckham trlsectus n. sp.
The single type is probably a small specimen, as all the
species vary greatly in size individually.
Drasillota n. gen.
This genus is allied to Drusilla and Fdlagonia^ the struc-
ture of the intermesocoxal parts being identical, but differs
in having a strong infra-lateral carina, extending from the
buccal fissure to and around the base of the head. The Mex-
ican Falagonia, of Sharp, is very closely allied to Drusilla-
but has short infra-lateral carinae at base and much smaller
postero-lateral extensions of the buccal opening. Of Drusil-
lota I have seen only the following type species : —
Form rather stout, moderately convex, highly polished, black throughout
the body and antennae, the elytra feebly picescent; legs pale piceo-
testaceous; integuments completely devoid ol micro-reticulation, the
anterior parts strongly and rather sparsely punctured, the abdomen
wholly without punctuation, except a few setigerous punctures prin->
cipally along the apices of the segments; vestlture moderately long^
sparse and inconspicuous; head rather longer than wide, the sides
obliquely arcuate behind the eyes to the neck, which is three-fourths a»
wide as the head; eyes moderate, but slightly prominent; punctures
broadly wanting along the median line; palpi long, sparsely setose?
Ugula with two long slender contiguous median processes; antennae
almost attaining the tips of the elytra, slender basally, gradually and
strongly incrassate dlstally, finely, sparsely pubescent, also bristlinfp
with long setae, the subapical joints distinctly transverse, the eleventh
not large, as long as the two preceding combined, second and third
elongate, the former somewhat the longer; prothorax slightly wider
than the head, about as long as wide, widest at apical third, where the
sides are broadly rounded, thence feebly converging and slightly sinuate
to the base, the angles obtuse but not rounded, the base arcuate; sur-
face feebly impressed in nearly median third of basal two-thirds; elytra,
nearly one-half wider than the prothorax but barely as long, the humeri
distinctly exposed at base, the sides feebly diverging, the tip broadly
emarginate at the suture; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, sub-
parallel, the first tergite alone distinctly impressed at base; legs long,
slender, the hind tarsi long, with the first joint shorter than the next
two combined. Length 4.8 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. South Africa (Wel-
lington) polita n sp.
But one specimen was taken by the author ; it is of unde-
termined sex.
8i2 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Drusilla Lch.
Moderately stout and convex, feebly, the head and abdomen more strongly,
shining, dark red-brown, the head darker, the abdomen black sub-
aplcally; antennae dark brown, the basal parts and legs testaceous;
punctures rather coarse, strong, very dense, obviously separated on
the head, sparse on the abdomen, which is very finely punctnlate,
more closely toward base, very remotely behind the second ter-
gite; vestiture fine, inconspicuous, more distinct on the abdomen;
'head as long as wide, broadly arcuato -truncate at base, with distinct
though obtuse hind angles; eyes moderate, rather prominent; antennae
extending to the tips of the elytra, gradually and strongly incrassate
'distally, the subapical joints slightly transverse, the second much
shorter than the third; prothorax nearly as in canaliculata but much
less narrowed posteriorly, subparallel, with a nearly similar excavation
in the male ; elytra larger, with less diverging sides, transverse, much
wider and shorter than the prothorax; abdomen broader than in
canaliculata, behind the middle rather wider than the elytra. Length
4.8 mm. ; width 1.0 mm. Alaska cavicollis n. sp.
The single male type represents a species of the canalicu-
lata type but with much less rounded base of the head, stouter
form and other differences as noted in the description.
Nototaphra Csy.
In his recent general work on myrmecophilous and termi-
tophilous Coleoptera, Dr. Wasmann has redescribed iV. lauia
Csy., under the name Myrmoecia picia; he however denies
that the fault is his, implying that I was wrong in assigning
Jauta to a genus different from Myrmoecia^ which he of course
overlooked and so fell into a trap and described the species
under another name. The species of Myrmoecia appear to be
rare and it is only recently that, through the kindness of
MM. Fauvel and Keitter, I have been able to secure typical
specimens. On comparing these with Nototaphra lauia, I am
convinced that Nototaphra is a valid genus, the differences
^between Myrmedonia, as represented by funesta Grav, Myr-
moecia confragosa and plicata and Nototaphra lauta being
^expressible as follows : —
Middle coxae narrowly separated, the mesosternai process broadly angulate,
the connecting isthmus longer and very narrow ; integuments polished,
Casty — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 323
distinctly punctured; hind tarsi stout, the basal joint not longer than
the next two combined ; male abdomen with dorsal tuberosities.
Myrmoecla
Middle coxae Tfidely separated, the mesosternal process being very broadly
arcuato-truncate at tip ; integuments very finely sculptured, sometimes
opaque 2
S — Hind tarsi long and very slender, the first joint longer than the next
two combined; male without dorsal abdominal tuberosities.
Myrmedonia
Hind tarsi slender but shorter, the basal joint much shorter than the next
two combined, the first three decreasing uniformly and rapidly in
length; male abdomen with tuberosities nearly as in Myrmoecia.
Nototaphra
In general facies the three genera differ very greatly, owing
to sculpture, form of the head and prothorax and other
features.
Apalonia n. gen.
The very small type of this genus resembles Myrmedonia in
many respects but differs in its narrower neck, rather small
but prominent and somewhat coarsely faceted eyes, impunc-
tate integuments, strongly setose antennae and other charac-
ters. The structure of the intermesocoxal parts is much as
in Myrmedonia, the coxae being almost as widely separated
and the sternal structure apparently similar. The tarsi are
very slender and filiform, the basal joint of the posterior
somewhat longer than the next two combined. The type
may be defined as follows : —
Body minute, parallel, strongly convex, highly polished, not at all micro-
retlculate, impunctate, the pubescence fine, rather short and extremely
sparse, each terglte with four long strong setae at apex and one on the
side margin; color pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the antennae dusky
distally and the fourth tergite black; head large, nearly as long as wide,
slnuato-truncate at base, the eyes abruptly prominent at the middle
of the sides; antennae attaining the tips of the elytra or longer,
slender basally, gradually and moderately incrassate distally, sparsely
pubescent but bristling with long setae, the subapical joints moderately
transverse, the eleventh pointed, slightly longer than the two pre-
ceding, the second and third equal in length; prothorax scarcely as
wide as the head, but little wider than long, widest and broadly
rounded at the sides anteriorly, thence feebly narrowed to the obtuse
and slightly rounded basal angles, the base broadly arcuate, the sur-
face strongly and evenly convex, not at all impressed; elytra trans-
verse, slightly wider than the prothorax and not quite as long, the
324 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
sides evidently diverging from tlie iiumeri, which are distinctly ex-
posed at base; abdomen parallel with feebly arcuate sides, at the
middle obviously wider than the elytra, the tergites subequal in
length throughout, the first rather broadly and feebly impressed at
base; sides and apex sparsely bristling with long black setae. Lengtii
1.25 mm.; width 0.42 mm. Florida seticornls n. sp.
No sexual marks can be discovered in the unique type. In
this genus the coriaceous hind margin of the fifth tergite is
excessively fine, all but extinct, in marked contrast to its
unusual development in Chlorotusa.
Chlorotnsa n. gen.
This remarkable genus is evidently allied to Myrmedonia,
and yet has many structural features extremely like those of
JPhanerota, of the Gyrophaenae. The middle coxae are
very widely separated, the mesosternum entering scarcely at
all between them and broadly truncate, separated from the very
long and broad metasternal projection by a short and appar-
ently wholly unimpressed isthmus. The legs are very long
and slender, the tarsi long and filiform, with the basal joint
of the anterior and middle much shorter, that of the posterior
longer, than the second. The eyes are very large, prominent
and coarsely faceted. The neck is less than half as wide as
the head. Other characters may be drawn from the follow-
ing description of the unique type : —
Stout, fusiform, rather convex, highly polished, without trace of micro -
reticulation, the punctures extremely minute and sparse, asperate on
the elytra, wholly wanting on the abdomen, which has some setigerous
punctures along the apices of the tergites, these punctures becoming
strongly asperate posteriorly; pubescence sparse, inconspicuous; color
pale rufo-testaceous throughout the body, legs and antennae, the head
deep black, arcuato-truncate at base, wider than long, with the eyes
very large and convex, occupying virtually the entire sides and sepa-
rated by twice their own width, the facets very coarse, convex, the
tempora extremely short; antennae very long, extending well behind the
elytra, gradually and moderately incrassate distally, setose, the sub-
apical joints longer than wide, the eleventh abruptly and obtusely
pointed, much shorter than the two preceding combined, second and
third equal in length, much shorter than the first; prothorax equal In
width to the head, not quite a third wider than long, widest near the
apex, the sides thence distinctly converging and nearly straight to the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 326-
obtupe and somewhat rounded basal angles, the base broadly rounded,
margined^ the surface convex, even, not at all impressed; elytra large
with strongly diverging sides, four-fifths wider than the prothorax and
about a third longer, transverse, the humeri broadly exposed, the suture
not impressed, the inner apical angles rounded; abdomen broad with
arcuate sides, at about basal third as wide as the elytra, narrower at
base and strongly narrowed toward the tip, the border thin, inclined
and very deep, the first tergite alone impressed at base, the others flat;
flanks bristling with long black setae. Length 3.0 mm. ; width 0.98 mm.
Texas megalops n. sp.
The single male before me has a longitudinal carina on the
fifth tergite, gradually disappearing anteriorly and not quite
attaining the tip, the sixth broadly rounded. The singular
coriaceous fringe at the apex of the fifth tergite, characteriz-
ing all the Staphylinidae, is especially developed here. There
is never a trace of this form of apical margin on the first four
tergites or on the sixth, and its anatomical significance is>
wholly unknown to me.
Xesturida n. gen.
This genus is allied to Trichiusay having the middle coxae
fully as widely separated, but differs in its more finely faceted
eyes, broader metasternal parapleurae, longer and more slender
tarsi, with more elongate basal joint of the posterior, this being
equal to the next two combined, in its subglabrous integuments
and wholly impunctate abdomen. The neck is broad, the
antennae more slender than in Trichiusa^ and the basal im-
pression of the third tergite, distinct in Trichiusa/is obsolete
or very nearly so. The single species may be described as-
follows : —
Form rather stout, the anterior parts narrow, rather convex, highly polished,
not at all reticulate, very minutely, evenly but sparsely and asperu-
lately punctulate, except the abdomen, which is wholly without trace of
any form of sculpture, the four apical setae of each tergite small and
inconspicuous; color pale piceo -testaceous, the abdomen slightly and
Indefinitely clouded posteriorly except at tip, the antennae dusky except
basally; pubescence sparse and pale, rather Inconspicuous; head wider
than long, parallel, abruptly and feebly constricted at base, the eyes
rather large, moderately prominent; antennae attaining the middle of"
the elytra, the first six joints equally thick, the second and third elon-
gate and subegual, the next three subequal and as long as wide, seven ta
326 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louts.
the tip rapidly incrassate, the subapical joints transverse, the eleventh
as long as the preceding thre* combined, the bristling setae throughout
distinct; prothorax a fourth wider than the head and a third voider
than long, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides, slightly and arcuately
narrowed at the apex, the basal angles rounded, the surface convex,
wholly unimpressed; elytra transverse, three-fifths wider but only
slightly longer than the prothorax, the humeri distinctly exposed at
base; abdomen broad, fully as wide as the elytra, the sides arcuate,
narrowed rather conspicuously toward tip; legs slender, moderately
long. Length 1.6/) mm. ; width 0.68 mm. Mississippi (Vicksburg).
laeTig n. sp.
The type is probably a female, or at least there are no
evident male sexual characters visible externally.
Trichinsa Csy.
A considerable number of new forms have recently come to
light and the known species may be provisionally classified as
follows: —
Elytra compositely sculptured, having coarser nude punctures intermingled
with smaller asperulate punctules bearing the conspicuous pubescence,
the interstices polished, not or only very feebly and coarsely reticulate;
antennae very stout distally, the second and third joints elongate and
frequently subequal 2
Elytra with a single set of minute and obsoletely asperulate punctures bear-
ing the pubescence, the interstices less shining and distinctly micro-
reticulute; species smaller in size; basal angles of the prothorax always
somewhat obtuse and rounded, never prominent 6
2 — Hind angles of the prothorax distinct, usually somewhat prominent and
not at all rounded ; body larger and stout 8
Hind angles obtuse and very narrowly rounded; nude punctures of the elytra
smaller and but little larger than the pubiferous punctures; body less
stout 5
3 — Elytra black and concolorous with the head and prothorax. Body stout,
polished, minutely and feebly micro-reticulate, except the elytra, which
are non-reticulate and with the coarse punctures sparse; pubi-
ferous punctures throughout minute and sparse, the pubescence long,
shaggy and erect but not very close; legs pale; head wider than long,
scarcely impressed, the eyes small, prominent; antennae very stout
distally, sparsely pubescent and with long bristling setae, extending to
the middle of the elytra, dusky but gradually rufous in basal half, the
subapical joints moderately transverse, the eleventh obtusely pointed,
longer than the two preceding combined, the second and third elongate,
the former very slightly the longer; prothorax much wider than the
head, fully one-half wider than long, widest near apical third, where
the sides are broadly and feebly rounded, thence very slightly converg-
ing to the basal angles, which are not rounded but not prominent; sur-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 327
face narrowly Impressed along the median line behind the middle almost
to the base, the fine sparse puQCtures more distinct near the base ;
elytra transverse, a third wider and slightly longer than the pro-
thorax, the humeri well exposed at base, the sides subparallel, feebly
arcaate. Length 1.8 mm. ; width 0.78 mm. District of Columbia.
pollta n. sp.
Elytra always pale, castaneous or reddish-brown 4
4 — Form stout, parallel, convex, compact, shining, pale castaneous, the
head and a subapical cloud on the abdomen black ; legs pale, the anten-
nae dusky rufous, paler basally; pubiferous punctures flue but evi-
dent throughout, rather close, the larger elytral punctures more nume-
rous than lu polita but less distinct; pubescence moderately long, erect
and abundant; head well developed, wider than long, parallel, the eyes
well developed; antennae very thick, gradually incrassate to the tip,
extending nearly to the middle of the elytra, the third joint constricted
at base, but slightly elongate and much shorter than the second, the
subapical joints strongly transverse; the eleventh obtuse and not quite
as long as the preceding two; prothorax strongly transverse, a third
wider than the head, fully two-thirds wider than long, widest at apical
third, the sides thence strongly convergent and becoming feebly sinuate
to the rather prominent basal angles, the surface feebly, indefinably and
subtransvergely impressed before the middle of the base; elytra barely
a fifth wider but fully a third longer than the prothorax, subparallel,
the humeri evidently exposed at base ; abdomen parallel with arcuate
sides, as wide as the elytra, the three basal impressions distinct and
subequal as usual, the punctures fine but evident, notvery close- set, the
surface polished. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.75 mm. Ohio (Cincin-
nati),—Chas. Dury transversa n. sp.
Form and coloration nearly as In the preceding, the size larger, the protho-
rax more blackish and less transverse, the head and antennae nearly
similar, the tenth joint of the latter more es^idently longer than the
ninth; elytra less transverse but proportioned and punctured nearly
as in tranaveraa. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.78 mm. District of Co-
lumbia compacta Csy.
Form stout, rather convex, polished, not micro-reticulate at any point, pale
rufo-castaneous, the head black, the abdomen darker, with a large and
very Indefinite subapical black cloud; legs pale, the antennae black,
testaceous toward base and at tip; pubiferous punctures minute and
moderately close- set, intermingled with coarse nude punctures on the
head, along the entire base of the pronotum and throughout the elytra;
pubescence pale, shaggy and conspicuous; head small, nearly as long as
wide, arcuately narrowed behind the small and prominent anterior eyes,
the vertex with a small impression; antennae extending nearly to the
middle of the elytra, gradually becoming very stout distally, the second
and third joints both elongate, the latter not constricted at base and but
slightly shorter than the second, the subapical joints strongly transverse,
the tenth not noticeably longer than the ninth, the eleventh pale, large,
obtusely pointed and nearly as long as the preceding three combined;
prothorax nearly one-half wider than the head and about two-fifths
wider than long, subparallel and broadly rounded at the sides, slightly
328 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
narrowed toward base, the angles minutely subprominent, the surface
not impressed at any point; elytra a third wider and longer than the
prothorax, subparallel, the humeri well exposed at base; abdomen
parallel with feebly arcuate sides, at the middle slightly wider than the
elytra, the punctures distinct and moderately close-set. Length 1.9
mm.; width 0.8 mm. Ohio (Cincinnati), — Chas. Dury.
parriceps n. sp.
5 — Body black, shining, the antennae black, pale basally, the legs pale;
integuments feebly micro-reticulate throughout except the elytra; pubi-
ferous punctures fine and normal anteriorly but more asperate and
stronger than usual on the elytra and abdomen, the nude punctures on
the former very few in number and indistinct; antennae gradually but
much less strongly incrassate than in the four preceding species, the
second and third joints elongate and subequal in length, the eleventh
small, slightly pointed and barely as long as the two preceding com-
bined; prothorax moderately transverse, very feebly and narrowly Im-
pressed along the median line behind the middle; elytra wider and
longer than the prothorax, the humeri but slightly exposed at base;
abdomen obviously wider than the elytra. Length 1.65 mm.; width
0.66 mm. New Jersey setigera Csy.
6 — Antennae short, gradually and more or less strongly incrassate distally,
the second joint very much longer than the third, which is constricted
at base and but slightly elongate 7
Antennae longer and more slender, but feebly incrassate distally, the third
joint elongate, more evenly obconlcal and but slightly shorter than the-
second 15-
7 — Prothorax at most only very slightly narrower than the base of the
elytra, the elytral humeri not noticeably or but very slightly exposed at
base 8
Prothorax very distinctly narrower than any part of the elytra, the humeri
generally well exposed at base 9'
8 — Moderately stout and convex, shining, black throughout, the last five
antennal joints black, the basal part gradually paler, the legs pale;
punctures flue, not close-set, the pubescence only moderately long and
rather sparse ; Integuments finely, not very strongly micro-reticulate,,
more coarsely on the elytra; head small, nearly as long as wide,
parallel, abruptly and obliquely constricted at base, the vertex im-
pressed in the middle; antennae but little longer than the head and
prothorax, strongly incrassate distally, the third joint very strongly
constricted or pedunculate at base; prothorax nearly one-half wider
than the head and two-thirds wider than long, the sides subparallel,
arcuately narrowed near the apex only, the surface feebly, transversely
impressed before the middle of the base ; elytra about a fourth wider
and fully a third longer than the prothorax, the sides feebly arcuate,
the humeri very narrowly exposed at base ; abdomen parallel, equal in
width to the elytra, shining, not conspicuously punctate. Length 1.6^
mm.; width 0.81 mm. Idaho (Coeur d'Alene), — H. F. Wickham.
monticola n. sp.
Moderately stout and convex, shining, piceoas, the prothorax paler, rufous,,
the bead and abdomen blackish, the latter testaceous toward base ; an-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 329
tenrae infuscate distally, the legs pale; surface finely, feebly mlcro-
reticulate, the punctures not close-set, invisible except on the elytra
and abdomen, where they are asperulate; pubescence not very long or
close, pale; head with a deep rounded impression at the middle of the
vertex, somewhat narrowed behind the small subprominent eyes; an-
tennae nearly as in monticola, the third joint strongly constricted and
pedunculate at base; prothorax two-flftbs wider than the head and
two- fifths wider than long, the sides distinctly converging and broadly
arcuate from base to apex; base strongly arcuate, the surface trans-
versely impressed before the middle of the base, the impression punc-
tate ; elytra slightly wider and a third longer than the prothorax, the
sides evidently diverging from the humeri, which are scarcely at all
exposed at base; abdomen barely as wide as the elytra, parallel,
slightly constricted at base. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Texas
(Galveston) coiiTergens n. sp.
9 Form very stout, convex, hirsute, the antennae unusually stout. Shin-
ing, black, the elytra castaneous; antennae black, rufe.-cent toward
base, the legs pale; micro-reticulation almost obsoltte throughout;
punctures fine, numerous, more visible on the elytra and abdomen;
pubescence long, abundant, erect and very conspicuous; head well
developed, with an isolated rounded median impression on the vertex,
the sides converging behind the eyes; antennae evidently longer than
the head and prothorax, very stout, incrassate, the last joint very
short, obtusely pointed, much shorter than the two preceding com-
bined, the third strongly obconical and narrowed at base but not
abruptly constricted; prothorax about two-fifths wider than long and a
third wider than the head, parallel and nearly straight at the sides,
abruptly and arcuately narrowed only very near the apex, the basal
angles more distinct than usual in this section, the surface with two
small punctate impressions before the middle of the base arranged
transversely; elytra two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax, the
humeri rather widely exposed at base; abdomen not quite as wide as
the elytra, narrowed posteriorly only near the tip. Length 1.7 mm. ;
width 0.68 mm. Virginia (Fort Monroe) hirsnta n. ^p.
Form less obese and less hirsute, the antennae only moderately stout.... 10
10 — Sides of the head evidently converging from the eyes to the basal
angles. Moderately shining, black, the elytra and basal parts of the
abdomen slightly piceous; pubescence erect, rather abundant and dis-
tinct; head small, the vertex impressed, the impression extending nar-
rowly along the median line to the base of the occiput; antennae pale,
infuscate near the apex; prothorax rather large, transverse, the sides
feebly converging and rather strongly arcuate from base to apex, the
surface finely, not distinctly impressed transversely before the scutel-
lum; elytra with the humeri less exposed at base than in others of this
section, distinctly wider and longer than the prothorax; abdomen as
wide as the elytra. Length 1.4-1.45 mm.; width 0.5-0.58 mm, Rhode
Island (Boston Neck) pilosa Csy.
Sides of the head parallel or subparallel behind the eyes 11
11 — Body deep black tbroughout, the legs pale, the antennae fusco-testa-
ceous, gradually blackish distally. Micro-reticulation feeble, the surface
330 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louts.
rather strongly shining, the punctures minute and rather sparse, more
distinct and closer on the elytra; pubescence erect but rather sparse
and not conspicuous; head strongly impressed at the middle of the ver-
tex, the median line posteriorly finely, distinctly impressed to the base;
eyes only moderately convex; antennae as usual slightly longer than the
head and prothorax, the latter two -fifths wider than the head, short,
fully one-half wider than long, tha sides nearly parallel and subevenly,
distinctly arcuate throughout, the surface finely, feebly, transversely
Impressed before the middle of the base, the impression more distinct
at its extremities; elytra fully two-fifths wider and longer than the pro-
thorax, the humeri broadly exposed at base; abdomen parallel, as wide
as the elytra, with the sides slightly arcuate, strongly shining. Length
1.5 mm.; width 0.56 mm. Kansas (McPherson), — W. Knaus,
atra n. sp.
Body deep black, except the apex of the abdomen, which is rufo-testa-
ceous, the elytra and basal part of the abdomen perhaps just visibly
plcescent; legs and antennae pale, the latter infuscate distally. Reticu-
lation very fine and rather feeble, the surface distinctly shining; pu-
bescence erect but rather sparse and not conspicuous, the punctures
very minute, not obvious even on the elytra; head with a large elongate
impression on the vertex which is continued narrowly and feebly to the
base of the occiput; eyes distinctly prominent; antennae extending to
basal third of the elytra; prothorax barely a third wider than the head,
about two -fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and nearly straight
in basal half, becoming strongly arcuate and converging in about apical
half to the apex, the surface distinctly Impressed transversely before
the middle of the base; elytra rather more than a third wider and longer
than the prothorax, the humeri distinctly exposed at base; abdomen
about as wide as the elytra. Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.46 mm. Can-
ada (Ottawa), — W. H. Harrington postica n. sp.
Body varicolored, never in great part deep black 12
12 — Pronotal punctures fine and normally close-set but strongly asperu-
late and distinct, the interspaces smooth, alutaceous and extremely
minutely and obscurely sculptured, not distinctly mlcro-reticulate.
Form rather slender, convex, alutaceous, the prothorax plceo-rufous,
the head, elytra and abdomen, except toward base, black, the legs and
antennae pale, the latter black distally ; pubescence rather short, stiff
and inclined, not conspicuous; head with a small deep rounded impres-
sion at the middle of the vertex, the eyes distinctly prominent; antennae
scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, very moderately incras-
sate distally; prothorax two-fifths wider than the head and two-fifths
wider than long, the sides evenly arcuate, converging apically, sub-
parallel basally, the surface rather strongly, transversely impressed
near the base at the middle; elytra about a fourth wider and a third
longer than the prothorax, the humeri evidently but not broadly ex-
posed at base, narrowly so for the present section, the sides slightly
diverging; abdomen parallel with feebly arcuate sides, as wide as the
elytra, feebly narrowed toward tip. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.5 mm.
Virginia (Fort Monroe) virginica n. sp.
Pronotal punctures very fine and Indistinct, not strongly asperulate, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 331
interspaces -vrlth the usual fine but evident regular mlcro-retlcula-
tion 13
13 — Prothorax large, the sides parallel, arcuate, becoming strongly con-
vergent anteriorly only near the apex. Body stout, convex, rather
shining, piceous-black, the pronotum and basal parts of the abdomen
slightly but not very distinctly paler; head vpith a small deep impres-
sion continued to the base by a fine feeble impressed line ; prothorax
fully three-flfths wider than long, distinctly, transversely impressed
near the base ; elytra much vpider and longer than the prothorax, the
humeri distinctly exposed at base ; abdomen rather vpider than the elytra.
Length 1.45 mm.; width 0.58 mm. Iowa (^Cedar Rapids").
robnstala Csy.
Prothorax notably small in size, the sides evidently converging from base to
apex, more arcuately and strongly so toward the latter 14
14 — Form rather slender, moderately convex, strongly shining, piceous-
black, the prothorax very slightly paler, blackish-piceous to pale ru-
fous; basal parts of the abdomen dark to pale rufous; legs pale, the
antennae black, testaceous toward base ; pubescence not very long,
reclined or partially erect, longer and erect on the abdomen poste-
riorly ; punctures extremely fine throughout ; head with the usual rounded
vertexal impression, narrowly continued to the base by a subobsolete
Impressed line, the eyes small, anterior and rather prominent; antennae
slender, strongly incrassate distally, attaining basal third of the elytra ;
prothorax about a third wider than the head and one-half wider than
long, with a short transverse impression before the middle of the base;
elytra at tip nearly one-half wider than the prothorax, almost one-half
longer, the sides distinctly diverging from the humeri, which are well
exposed basally, the suture impressed for some distance behind the
scutellum; abdomen parallel with nearly straight sides, not quite as
wide as the elytra In the male, fully as wide as the latter in the female.
Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.5 mm. Mississippi (Vlcksburg) and Texas
(Galveston) rigida n . sp.
Form slightly stouter, moderately convex and shining; coloration through-
out nearly as in rigida, the pubescence rather longer, paler and more
distinct; punctuation very fine throughout as usual; head with the usual
small deep rounded impression at the middle of the vertex, continued
to the base by a rather distinctly impressed median line; eyes very
prominent, rather small in size; antennae slightly longer than the head
and prothorax, nearly as in rigida and many other species ; prothorax
small, the sides strongly converging anteriorly from the narrowly
rounded basal angles, nearly as in rigida throughout; elytra rather
larger, the sides less diverging from the humeri, which are distinctly
and broadly exposed at base, the suture only obsoletely and very nar-
rowly impressed behind the scutellum, three-flfths wider and fully one-
half longer than the prothorax; abdomen parallel with feebly arcuate
sides, almost as wide as the elytra. Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.6 mm.
Idaho (Coeur d'Alene), — H. F. Wickham dieoreta n. sp.
Form rather stouter, smaller in size, normally convex, subalutaceous, pi-
ceous, the head and abdomen blackish, the prothorax and ba*al parts of
the abdomen testaceous; legs and antennae pale flavo- testaceous, the
332 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
latter somewhat infuscate dlstally; pubescence rather long, suberect,
pale and distinct; punctuation very fine; head strongly impressed along
the middle in apical half, more deeply toward the middle of the Tertex,
also impressed at the middle of the occiput; eyes rather well developed,
not very prominent; antennae evidently longer than the head and pro-
thorax, strongly incrassate distally; prothorax nearly one-half wider
than the head and two-flfths wider than long, the sides at first only
feebly though evidently convergent anteriorly from the base, more
abruptly and strongly arcuate and converging anteriorly than in the two
preceding species, the transverse subbasal impression distinct; elytra
transverse, two-flfths wider but only about a third longer than the pro-
thorax, the sides strongly diverging from the humeri, which are mod-
erately exposed at base; abdomen scarcely as wide as the elytra.
Length 1.35 mm.; width 067 mm. Virginia (Fort Monroe).
raricolor n. sp.
15 — Body rather stout.convex, shining, very obsoletely but regularly micro-re-
ticulate, pale rufo-testaceous in color, the fourth tergite blaclc toward the
middle, the legs and antennae pale, the latter slender, but feebly incras-
sate distally and fully attaining the middle of the elytra ; pubescence long,
erect, rather abundant and conspicuous; bead impressed at the middls
of the vertex as usual and feebly along the median line thence to the base,
the eyes prominent; prothorax moderately transverse, about a fourth
wider than the head, the surface with a very feeble, somewhat rounded
Impression before the middle of the base; elytra much wider and longer
than the prothorax, the humeri widely exposed at base, the suture feebly
impressed behind the scutellum; abdomen broad as usual. Length
1.68 mm.; width 0.65 mm. Delaware parricoIIlB Csy.
Trichiusa appears to be a genus peculiar to the nearctic
ref^ions, excepting the true Pacific coast fauna, and differs
greatly in general f acies from any of the European types as
far as known to me ; it is evidently very rich in species and
probably less than half have been discovered as yet. Bigida,
of the above table, occurs in typical form at Vicksburg and
the Galreston specimens are somewhat heterogeneous, some
having the normally blackish-piceous prothorax, while others
have this part bright testaceous ; these differences may be
sexual, at least in some degree. There is a good deal of
structural diversity in the genus.
The following genera are based upon some of our more
conspicuous Athetoid species and are compared with European
species identified for me by Mr. Reitter under the names
Liogluta vicina Steph., L. nitidula Kr., L. suhplana J. Sahl.,
L. aexnotaia Thorns., Atheta {Homalota Rey) castanoptera
Mann., Atheta trinotata Kr., and A. crassicornisFab. These
Ocwcy — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 333
seven species form five genera or subgeneija, the first three
species having a rather broad, arcuately truncate to trian-
gular mesosternal process, very short and basal infra-lateral
carinae of the head and long and slender, barely incrassated
antennae, the first four joints of the hind tarsi being rather
short and subequal among themselves ; they are the true Lio-
gluta Thorns. The above assumed X. sexnotata, however, dif-
fers in having the mesosternal process acutely aciculate, the
antennae much longer and gradually and conspicuously incras-
sate and the elytra much shorter and more transverse when
compared with the prothorax, constituting the second genus.
Atheta castanoptera resembles sexnotata in the acutely aciculate
mesosternum, but has the infra-lateral carinae much longer,
almost attaining the buccal cavity, the antennae and elytra
being proportioned as in Liogluta . Assuming Atheta trinotata
as the type of Atheta, this genus is distinguished by an acutely
aciculate and longer mesosternal process, basal and rudimen-
tary infra-lateral carinae, with the prothorax and elytra pro-
portioned as in Liogluta but having the antennae notably
short, the subapical joints transverse. Finally Atheta cras-
sicornis constitutes a genus having characters nearly similar
to Atheta, h\xi with the infra-lateral carinae entire and the an-
tennae more developed. The basal joint of the hind tarsi is
decidedly shorter than the second in all these five genera,
excepting the true Liogluta. The subject is a difficult one
and is only touched upon at the present time for the reason
that I have already published Anepsioia (Ann. N. Y. Acad.,
VII, p. 329), and desire to fix its position in the series more
definitely. The generic or subgeneric groups defined below are
all allies of Liogluta and Homalota Key, (nee Mann., fide
Heyden,Keitter and Weise) and not oi Atheta: —
Infra-lateral carinae of the head abbreviated, not attaining the buccal open-
ing 2
Infra-lateral carinae entire 1*
2 — Hind tarsi short 8
Hind tarsi long, sometimes nearly as long as the tibiae, with the two basal
joints relatively much more elongate and equal or subequal in
length 11
— First two joints of the hind tarsi equal in length ; abdominal impres-
sions more or less narrow 4
834 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louts.
First joint distinctly shorter tlian the second; impressions as in the preced-
ing group 9
Pirst joint longer than the second ; abdomenal impressions very broadly con-
cave 10
4 — Mesosternal process more or less broad, frequently obtusely arcuato-
truncate at apex 6
Mesosternal process very acute at tip 6
5 — Infra-lateral carinae extending less than half w&y to the buccal opening;
antennae rather thin, the last joint of moderate length, about as long
as the preceding two combined. Europe. Type L. vicina Steph.
Lioglnta
Infra-lateral carinae extending almost to the buccal opening, fine; antennae
thick, the last joint unusually elongate, as long as the preceding three
combined or nearly so. Nearctic Atlantic regions. Type M. ahttacea
Csy. (n. sp.) Sfacroterma
6 — Infra-lateral carinae long, ext«?nding more than half way to the buccal
opening. Nearctic P.iciflc coast fauna 7
Infra-lateral carinae extremely short, basal; prothorax small, narrowed
toward base. Nearctic Atlantic fauna 8
7 — Abdomen with four segments impressed at base; elytra granose; an-
tennae long, loose, rather slender, the apical joint normal; prothorax
narrower than the elytra. Type Homalota granulata Mann....ElytruBa
Abdomen with but three segments impressed nt base; elytra not granose;
antennae long but thicker, more incrassate and more compact, the last
joint pointed at tip and about as long as the two preceding combined;
prothorax large. Type Oxypoda insignis Csy Athetota
8 — Abdomen with three segments deeply and subequally impressed at base ;
integuments densely mlcro-reticulate and dull; pubescence rather short,
subdecumbent; antennae less than half as long as the body. Type T.
brunneipes Csy. (n. sp.) Terasota
Abdomen with four segments deeply impressed at base; integuments wholly
devoid of micro-reticulation and highly polished; pubescence long,
suberect and bristling; antennae more than half e.s long as the body,
very slender. Type E. lucida Csy. (n. sp.) Enromota
9 — Infra-lateral carinae extending almost to the buccal opening; hind tarsi
shorter; antennae nearly as in Liogluta. Europe. Type Homalota
castanoptera Mann Homalota
Infra-lateral carinae very short, basal; hind tarsi noticeably less abbreviated;
antennae longer, thicker and more incrassate; eyes less developed.
Europe. Type Liogluta sexnotata Thoms., as identified by Reitter in a
specimen collected in the Caucasus ^m-^^— hi-
10 — Infra-lateral carinae very short, obsolescent and basal ; prothorax small,
with the si'ies coaverging toward base; integuments densely micro-re-
ticulate; pubescence short, subdecumbent; antennae nearly as in
Liogluta; first three abdominal segments broadly and strongly im-
pressed, the fourth narrowly and less strongly though distinctly. Ne-
arctic Atlantic regions. Type T. ventralis Csy. (n. sp.) ...Taphrodota
11 — Eyes small, the antennae long, thick, infra-lateral carinae very short,
wholly basal; body thick, the prothorax large; first three tergites nar-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 33&
rowly and very moderately impressed at base. Nearctic Pacific coast.
Type A. quadricollis Csy Anepsiota
12 — Middle coxae contiguous; mesosternal process very short but acute,
the metasternum broadly obtuse, not entering the intercoxal space, the
longitudinal discontinuity longer than in any allied genus; hind tarsi
only moderately short, the first two joints as in Liogluta; antennae
nearly as In that genus but more elongate; prothorax moderately large,
generally parallel; elytra well developed; impressions of the first two
tergites large and deeply concave, that of the third much narrower and
feeble. Nearctic western mountain regions. Type H. helenica Csy.
(n. sp.) Homalotnsa
The Homalota of this table is given in the sense understood
by Rey. There is some reason to believe that the almost
uniformly colored and dark testaceous species identified above
as Liogluta sexnotata Thoms., is wrongly determined and I
therefore hesitate to found a genus upon it, simply indicating
its salient characters in the table.
Macroterma n. gen.
Of this genus there are at least two species now known j
they may be described as follows : —
Form stout, subparallel, moderately convex, alutaceous, distinctly and
evenly micro-reticulate throughout except the abdomen, which is more
finely and feebly strigilate in broken transverse lines; punctures
everywhere extremely fine, not dense, sparse on the abdomen; pubes-
cence short, decumbent and inconspicuous, pale; color black, the pro-
thorax slightly piceous, the elytra pale brownish-fiavate; legs pale, the
antennae blackish throughout; head as long as wide, arcuately narrowed
behind the large and moderately prominent eyes; antennae attaining the
middle of the elytra, stout, the three basal joints elongate, the second
shorter than the third, four to ten distinctly transverse, the eleventh
gradually pointed, as long as the preceding three combined; prothorax
nearly a third wider than the head, a fourth wider than long, parallel and
broadly, evenly arcuate at the sides, arcuate at base, the angles obtuse;
surface not at all impressed at any point; elytra fully two-fifths wider
and a third longer than the prothorax, the sides evidently diverging
from the humeri, which are distinctly exposed at base; abdomen
parallel, narrowed slightly at tip, narrower than the elytra; tibiae
and tarsi slender, moderately long. Length 3.5 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
New York (Ithaca), — H. H. Smith alntacea n. sp.
Form nearly similar, feebly, minutely and sparsely punctate, more shining,
the micro-reticulation and abdominal slrigilation very feeble, black, the
elytra and legs pale brownish-testaceous, the antennae blackish
throughout; pubescence rather longer but sparser and inconspicuous;
336 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
head somewhat more developed, rather longer than wide, the sides
parallel and nearly straight behind the eyes, which are smaller and less
prominent; nuchal constriction feeble but more abrupt than in alutacea,
the neck notably broader; antennae nearly similar but more slender
toward base, the second joint about equal to the third, the fourth
smaller, as long as wide, five to ten transverse, the eleventh not quite
as long as the three preceding combined, acutely pointed; prothorax
about a third wider than the bead and a third wider than long, the
sides parallel, evenly arcuate, more strongly so than in alutacea, the
surface with a very flue and feeble impressed median line except
toward tip and a very flne, short and faint transverse line before the
base; elytra nearly as in alutacea but less transverse, the abdomen
much narrower than the elytra, parallel, broader at tip than in alutacea
but having similarly three narrow and subequal basal impressions.
Length 3.2 mm.; width 0.85 mm. New Hampshire (White Mts.).
borealii n. sp.
I can identify neither of these rather conspicuous species
with any previously described by Erichson or Say.
Elytrusa (n. gen.), of the above table, is founded upon a
species described by Mannerheim, from Unalaska Island,
under the name Homalota gi'anulata. I have before me a
species collected by Mr. Wickham at Fort Wrangel, Alaska,
which satisfies the abbreviated original diagnosis very well
but is larger ; there may therefore be several species of Ely-
trusa. The singular granulation of the elytra is produced by
strong asperities attending the fine punctuation.
Athetota n. gen.
Besides Oxypoda insignis Csy., afterwards referred to
Anepsiota and Anepsiota loicMiami Csy., (Annals N. Y.
Acad., VII, p. 331), this genus will include the following
species : —
Moderately stout, parallel, convex, shining, very obsoletely micro-reticu-
late, the elytra rather more distinctly, the abdomen very faintly so and
toward apex only; head and abdomen blacl£, the prothorax rufo-
piceous, the elytra paler, brownish; legs paler, testaceous; punctures
very fine, sparse, somewhat areolate, closer on the elytra; pubescence
short, decumbent, pale and rather distinct, erect but very sparse on
the abdomen; head rather longer than wide, the sides feebly swollen
behind the eyes, parallel, rounding feebly to the base; eyes moderately
large, not prominent; antennae extending almost to the tips of the
elytra, slender basally, gradually and strongly incrassate distally, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 337
second and third joints subequal, outer joints almost as long as wide,
obtrapezoidal, tbe eleventh pointed, as long as the two preceding
combined; prothorax two-fifths wider than the head and a third wider
than long, parallel, the sides evenly and distinctly arcuate, the base
rounded; angles obtuse, the surface even, except a short, extremely
fine and feeble impression along the median line very near the base;
elytra only very slightly wider than the prothorax, nearly a third
longer, subparallel; abdomen parallel, subequal in width to the elytra.
Length 2.8 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Vancouver Island (Victoria), — H.
F. Wickham atriventris n. sp.
This species differs from wickJiami in its smaller size, and,
from both that and insignis, in its relatively more incrassate
antennae distally ; the elytra resemble those of insignis and
are relatively less transverse than in loickhami.
Terasota n. gen.
The unique type of this genus differs conspicuously in gen-
eral appearance from Macroterma and Aihetota in its more
slender form and small prothorax; it may be described as
follows : —
Moderately stout and convex, alutaceous, .distinctly micro-reticulate, more
obsoletely and coarsely on the abJomen, which is more shining; punc-
tures very flue, indistinct, not very dense, more distinct on the abdomen
though sparser aplcally; pubescence fine, short, inconspicuoas;
color blackish-piceous, the elytra scarcely at all paler, the abdomen
slightly rufescent except toward tip; legs pale brown, the antennae
blackish, the first joint piceous; head slightly elongate, the sides arcu-
atelyand feebly converging behind the notably large and rather promi-
nent eyes, the neck three-fourths as wide; antennae extending nearly to
the middle of the elytra, slender, gradually and moderately incrassate
distally, the. elongate second and third joints equal, the fourth and fifth
elongate, fifth to tenth as long as wide to slightly transverse, the elev-
enth scarcely as long as the two preceding combined, pointed; prothorax
only just visibly wider than the head, a fifth wider than long, widest
anteriorly, where the sides are broadly rounded, thence feebly converging
and straighter to the base, the angles obtuse but not distinctly rounded;
surface feebly impressed along the median line from before the middle
nearly to the base; elytra large, one- half wider and longer than the
prothorax, the sides feebly diverging from the humeri, which are well
exposed at base; abdomen but little narrower than the elytra, parallel,
with rather arcuate sides, the three basal impressions strong, some-
what broad and equal. Length 3.25 mm.; width 0.78 mm. New York
(Ithaca) , — H. H. Smith brnuneipes n. sp.
No characters indicating sex are observable ; the sixth ter-
gite is narrowly subtruncate at tip in the type.
338 Trans. Acad. Set. of iSt. Louis.
Euromota n. gen.
This genus is also represented by a single species, very dis-
tinct in facies; it may be briefly described as follows: —
Form moderately stout, rather strongly convex, highly polished, wholly
devoid of minute sculpture, very finely and sparsely punctate through-
out anteriorly, still more sparsely on the abdomen, the pubescence
rather long, erect and sparse but pale and distinct, less obvious on the
abdomen; color dark rufo-piceous, the abdomen black or blackish; legs
pale testaceous, the antennae fuscous, paler basally; head rather longer
than wide, the sides behind the somewhat small but very prominent
eyes subparallel and feebly arcuate, thence moderately rounding and
converging to the neck, which is four-fifths as wide; antennae very
slender, moderately incrassate distally, extending fully to the tips of the
elytra, the second and third joints elongate, subequal but shorter than
the first, four to nine longer than wide, tenth as long as wide, the
eleventh not quite as long as the two preceding combined, pointed;
prothorax slightly though obviously wider than the head, only very
slightly wider than long, widest near apical third, where the sides are
broadly arcuate, thence distinctly converging and straight to the
obtuse and well rounded basal angles, the base rather feebly arcuate,
the surface narrowly and very feebly impressed along the median line
from the middle nearly to the base; elytra two -fifths wider and a third
longer than the prothorax, subparallel, broadly impressed on the suture
behind the scutellura, the humeri well exposed at base; abdomen paral-
lel, distinctly narrower than the elytra, the tergites convex behind the
impressions; legs rather long and slender, the tarsi short. Length
2.6-3.3 mm.; width 0.68-0.8 mm. Virginia (Fort Monroe) and New
Jersey Incida n. sp.
No positive indications of sexual identity are discernible
among the five specimens at hand. The genus Euromota
may possibly have some affinity with Giiypeta, but is well
distinguished by the short basal joints of the hind tarsi.
Taphrodota n. gen.
The type and only known species of this genus may be
described as follows : —
Body rather stout, moderately convex, dull in lustre, strongly micro-retic-
ulate throughout, the reticulae of the abdomen larger and more trans-
verse in form ; punctures very fine, indistinct except on the elytra, where
they are dense, sparser on the abdomen, which is shining; pubescence
short, decumbent, inconspicuous; color blackish- piceous, the abdomen
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 839
black throughout, the legs pale brown; antennae blackish, paler toward
base, slender, feebly incrassate distally, attaining the middle of the elytra,
the elongate second and third joints equal, fourth and fifth elongate,
sixth to tenth from as long as wide to very nearly so, the eleventh
sharply pointed, as long as the two preceding joints combined; head as
long as wide, convex, briefly and linearly impressed at the middle of
the vertex; sides arcuately converging behind the moderately large and
somewhat prominent eyes to the neck, which is barely two-thirds as
wide as the head; prothorax a fourth wider than the head and a fifth
wider than long, widest before the middle, the sides broadly arcuate,
more converging near the apex, feebly converging and straight toward
base, the angles obtuse but scarcely rounded, the surface broadly con-
cave in median third from near the apex to just before the basal mar-
gin; elytra three-fifths wider and one-half longer than the prothorax,
subparallel, the humeri broadly exposed at base, the angle rounded;
abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, parallel, narrowed near the tip ;
legs short, moderately slender. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.93 mm. New
York (Ithaca), — H. H. Smith = yentralls n. sp.
In the male the fifth tergite has a very stout and obtusely
rounded medial ridge, almost throughout the length, more
elevated posteriorly, where it is slightly excavated at each
side of the summit, the apical margin of the fourth tergite
having a feeble median sinuation ; sixth plate feebly sinuate
throughout the width and with four small tuberculiform
swellings of the edoe boundino; the sinus.
Anepsiota Csy.
Besides quadricollis, the type of the genus, Ayiepsiota
may receive provisionally the following species, agreeing in
general facies but departing materially in antennal structure
and in its shorter tarsi, although the two basal joints of the
posterior are each unusually elongated : —
Form more slender than in quadricoUis, rather convex, pale and uniform
rufo-testaceous throughout the body, legs and antennae, somewhat
shining though feebly micro- reticulate throughout, the punctures very
fine, not distinct, more evident but not dense on the elytra, sparse on
the abdomen; pubescence pale but subdecumbent and inconspicuous;
head somewhat elongate, parallel, rather abruptly, obliquely and arcu-
ately narrowed at base, the eyes notably small, slightly convex; occi-
put feebly impressed along the middle; antennae extending somewhat
beyond the tips of the elytra, gradually an I rather strongly incrassate
distally, the second and third joints elongate, the former the shorter.
340 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
the next two or three joiats perceptibly elongate, thence distinctly
transverse to the tenth, the eleventh large, oglvally pointed at tip, longer
than the two preceding combined and evidently stouter; prothorax
nearly a third wider than the head and a fifth wider than long, widest
near apical third, the sides feebly converging thence basally and broadly
arcuate to the apex, the surface with a large oval concavity in basal
half and median third ; elytra transverse, slightly wider and evidently
shorter than the prothorax, subparallel, the humeri slightly exposed at
base; abdomen parallel, rather wider than the elytra; legs long, the
hind tarsi about three-fourths as long as the tibiae. Length 2.9 mm.;
width 0.8 mm. British Columbia (Gienora), — H, F. Wickham.
terminalis n. sp.
The sex of the single specimen before me is not determin-
able vrith certainty, although probably male, as the sixth ven-
tral plate seems to be minutely and feebly emarginate at the
middle.
Homalotusa n. gen.
This genus resembles the European Ho7nalota Mann,, as
interpreted by Rey, but its members are usually materially
stouter. It appears to be a local type, though rather abun-
dant both specifically and individually. The four species be-
fore me are the following: —
Form moderately stout, rather strongly convex, parallel, somewhat shining,
feebly micro-reticulate, the elytra more strongly and duller, the abdo-
men very minutely strigilate in broken transverse lines; punctures fine,
inconspicuous, rather more distinct and dense on the elytra, moder-
ately close-set throughout on the abdomen; pubescence somewhat
long, pale and distinct, subdecumbent; color rather pale piceous, the
abdomen darker, pale at apex, the legs pale; antenna infuscate, paler
basally, slender, moderately incrassate distally, attaining the tips of the
elytra, the second and third joints much elongated, the former very
slightly the longer, succeeding two longer than wide, six to ten nearly
as long as wide, the eleventh pointed, barely as long as the two pre-
ceding combined; head orbicular, as long as wide, arcuate and narrowed
behind the eyes, the neck four-fifths as wide, the eyes moderate, not
very convex, the surface evenly convex; prothorax about a fifth wider
than the head and a fifth wider than long, parallel, evenly arcuate at the
sides, the apex and base subequal in width, the surface even, with a
very small feeble rounded impression before the scutellum; elytra but
^ slightly transverse, about a fifth wider and a third longer than the pro-
thorax, narrowly Impressed on the suture behind the scutellum, the
humeri but very slightly exposed at base; abdomen parallel^ slightly
narrower than the elytra. Length 3.9 mm.; width 0.85 mm. Mon-
tana (Helena), — H. F. Wickham helenica n. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 341
Form nearly similar, equally shining and similarly sculptured, the pubescence
rather shorter, black, the abdominal apex rufescent, the elytra dark
piceo- testaceous; legs pale brown, the antennae blackish, paler basally,
nearly as in helenica but somewhat shorter, not quite extending to the
tip of the elytra, the second joint more distinctly longer than the third;
head nearly similar but more abruptly constricted at base ; prothorax
rather shorter and more transverse, nearly a fourth wider than long
and a fourth wider than the head, the sides parallel and similarly
feebly arcuate, the small impression at the base also similar; elytra
shorter and more transverse, slightly wider than the prothorax and a
fourth longer; abdomen parallel and straight at the sides, evidently
narrower than the elytra. Length 4.2 mm.; width 0.85 mm. Cali-
fornia (Lake Tahoe) tahoensis n. sp.
Form much shorter and less convex, less shining, more strongly micro-
reticulate, the elytra very dull; punctures very close-set throughout;
pubescence short and rather inconspicuous; color blackish, the elytra
castaneous, the abdomen pale at tip, the legs pale brown; antennae
nearly similar, blackish, the first joint testaceous, not quite extending
to the tips of the elytra, the distal joints obtrapezoidal, the second
but slightly longer than the third, four to seven longer than wide,
eight to ten as long as wide, the eleventh not as long as the two pre-
ceding combined; head nearly as in tahoensis but having a small im-
pression at the middle of the vertex; prothorax relatively smaller,
more than a fourth wider than the head, a fifth wider than long, par-
allel and broadly, feebly arcuate at the sides, the basal angles similarly
obtusely rounded, the surface with a much larger and more conspicu-
ous rounded impression before the scutellum ; elytra large, a third
wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax, only slightly wider
than long, not very evidently impressed behind the scutellum, the
humeri more exposed at base; abdomen parallel, narrower than the
elytra, more shining than the anterior parts, the punctures sparse
toward tip, close-set elsewhere. Length 3.8 mm. ; width 0.93 mm.
Idaho (Coeur d'Alene), — H. F. Wickham foscala n. sp.
Form stout and rather feebly convex as id fuscula, similarly dull and strongly
mlcro-reticulate, the abdomen less finely sculptured and reticulate
rather than strigllate, somewhat less shining; punctures similarly very
fine, dense on the elytra; color pale yellowish-brown throughout, the
head more piceous, the abdomen with a large picescent cloud before the
apex; antennae fuscous, the basal joint pale, more slender, extending
almost to the tips of the elytra, the second joint but slightly longer than
the third, joints four to eight very distinctly, nine and ten slightly,
longer than wide, the eleventh sharply pointed, not as long as the two
preceding combined; head as wide as long, the sides arcuate and con-
verging behind the eyes, which are more prominent, the vertex with a
feeble median impression; prothorax much larger than in fuscula, about
a fifth wider than the head and a fourth wider than long, widest at
apical two-fifths, the sides feebly arcuate, becoming very slightly con-
vergent and straighter toward base, the ante-scutellar impression very
small and feeble as in helenica; elytra large, about a third wider and
nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, the humeri somewhat ex-
342 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
posed; abdomen parallel, but little narrower than the elytra. Length
.5 mm. ; width 0.9 ram. Idaho (Coeur d'Alene) pallida n. sp.
No indication of sex is observable in any of the specimens
at hand.
Valenusa n. gen.
A species of very distinct facies forms the type of this
genus, allied to Atheta but differing in its elongate slender
form, pyriform head with small and anterior eyes, much
shorter mesosternal process, which is very acute, and in the
extremely extended longitudinal discontinuity in the form of
a narrow, acutely rounded ridge, the metasternum being
broadly arcuate and not entering the intercoxal space ; the
coxae are closely contiguous. The infra-lateral ridges of the
head extend forward more than half way to the buccal open-
ing and the hind tarsi are short, with the basal joint very much
shorter than the second. The type may described as follows : —
Form very slender, parallel^ moderately convex, alutaceous, distinctly micro-
reticulate, the abdomen polished and minutely strigilate in transverse
wavy lines; pubescence short, decumbent, inconspicuous, the punctures
very fine, rather close-set but indistinct, sparse on the abdomen posteri-
orly ; color pale testaceous, the head but little darker, the abdomen feebly
infuscate except at the apices of the segments; legs pale, the antennae
infuscate, the first joint pale, rather stout, distinctly incrassate distally,
extending to about basal third of the elytra, the second joint distinctly
longer than the third, fourth slightly longer than wide, fifth to tenth
progressing from as long as wide to distinctly transverse, the eleventh
obtusely pointed, about as long as the two preceding combined; head
Infiated toward base with rounded sides, slightly elongate, abruptly
but feebly constricted at base, the neck wide; eyes small, only slightly
convex; prothorax but slightly though evidently wider than the head, a
fifth or sixth wider than long, subparallel, widest before the middle,
the sides feebly arcuate, becoming straighter and just visibly converg-
ent posteriorly to the obtusely rounded basal angles, the surface very
finely and feebly impressed along the median line almost from apex to
base, becoming gradually slightly less feebly so basally ; elytra but very
slightly wider and only just visibly longer than the prothorax, the sides
feebly diverging from the humeri, which are very slightly exposed at
base; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, parallel, elongate, the first
three tergltes strongly and equally impressed at base. Length 3.4 mm.;
width 0.65 mm. California (Pomona, Los Angeles Co.),— H. C. Fall.
parallela n. sp.
There are no external indications of sex in the single type
specimen in my cabinet.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 343
Eurynotida u. gen.
In general f acies this genus differs wholly from any other
of the present tribe, shorter and even broader than any form
of Hoplandria, the middle coxae are closely contiguous, with
the mesosternal process extremely short and cuspidiform, the
metasternum arcuato-truncateand not at all projected between
them ; the infra-lateral carinae of the head are strong and entire,
the maxillary palpi very slender, setose, the antennae slender,
subfiliform, the hypomera invisible from the sides and the
hind tarsi rather long, slender, with the basal joint as long
as the next three combined. We have at present two species
as follows: —
Form very stout, rather convex, shining, not reticulate, minutely, not very
closely and Indistinctly punctulate, testaceous in color, the head and
elytra darker, piceous-brown, the latter nubiliously paler about the
scutellum and each testaceous at the outer apical angle, the inner out-
line of the pale spot oblique and straight; abdomen with a large nubilous
piceous cloud before the tip; legs and antennae pale flavate through-
out; pubescence rather long, pale, prostrate but inconspicuous except
on the abdomen, where it is longer and intermixed with sparse erect
tactile setae; head transverse, small, rapidly and arcuately narrowed
behind the moderate and somewhat prominent eyes, convex, unim-
pressed, the neck only moderately broad ; antennae slender, extending
almost to the tips of the elytra, the second joint rather longer than the
third, both much elongated, four to ten more or less distinctly longer
than wide and only just visibly increasing in thickness, the eleventh
very slender, pointed, almost as long as the three preceding combined;
prothorax about twice as wide as long, almost four-flfths wider than
the head, parallel and evenly arcuate at the sides, broadly rounded at
base, the basal angles well rounded, the surface wholly unimpressed;
elytra short, transverse, the base not quite as wide as the prothorax,
the suture about as long as the median line of the latter, the sides feebly
diverging; abdomen not quite as wide as the elytra, parallel, narrowed
slightly at tip, the basal tergites not very obviously impressed at base.
Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.87 mm. Texas (Del Rio),— H. F. Wickham.
ornata n. sp.
Form, sculpture and pubescence nearly similar, slightly shorter, testaceous,
the head blackish, the elytra piceous-brown with the sutural region and
external apical angles pale testaceous as in ornata, the abdomen with a
similar piceous cloud ; head larger, the eyes moderate and similarly
somewhat coarsely faceted; antennae with the joints two to four
elongate, uniformly decreasing in length, the second more evidently
longer than the third; prothorax more than twice as wide as long, the
344 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
sides not parallel but evidently converging from the rounded basal
angles to the apex, barely three -fourths wider than the head, similarly
wholly unimpressed ; elytra nearly similar but more transverse, evidently
shorter and narrower than the prothorax ; abdomen at base as wide as
the elytra, thence strongly and arcuately narrowed to the apex, which
is relatively much narrower than in ornata. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.8
mm. Arizona (Phoenix) arizonica n. sp.
No distinct sexual modifications are apparent, the sixth
tergite being broadly bilobed at tip in each of the single
types at hand.
BOLITOCHARINI.
Silusa Er.
Besides the two species described below, this genus will
include the American species californica Bern., and vesperis
Csy., these having the peculiar oral structures of Silusa; but
the form that I have identified as gracilis Sachse, does not
seem to be a true /Silusa, having more the facies of Lep-
tusa, and Silusa nanula Csy., belongs evidently to a differ-
ent genus : —
Form parallel, not very stout, convex, shining, the integuments wholly de-
void of minute sculpture, blackish, the elytra, abdominal apex and
apices of all the segments paler, castaneous; legs pale, the antennae
fuscous, pale at tip and toward base; pubescence not dense, moderate
in length; punctures fine, not close, impressed and simple, those of the
elytra larger, close-set and asperate, sparse and fine throughout on th«
abdomen; head wider than long, the eyes moderate ; antennae extending
to basal third of the elytra, stout and gradually incrassate distally, the
elongate second and third joints equal, the subapical moderately trans-
verse, the eleventh pointed and as long as the two preceding; prothorax
two-fifths wider than long and fully one- half wider than the head, the
sides broadly arcuate, more converging toward apex, the basal angles
obtuse but not rounded, the surface with a feeble transverse impression
before the scutellum ; elytra only just visibly wider but two-fifths longer
than the prothorax, strongly and broadly impressed behind the scutel-
lum, the impression paralleling the sutural margin posteriorly; abdo-
men narrower than the elytra, parallel, the first three tergltes strongly
and broadly impressed at base, the fourth more narrowly and feebly;
hind tarsi short, the first four joints short and subequal. Length 3.8
mm. ; width 0.88 mm. New York (Catskill Mts.) , — H. H. Smith.
raleiis n. sp.
Form much stouter, moderately convex, shining, pale flavo -testaceous, the
head and a large ante-apical abdominal cloud blackish, the elytra very
faintly shaded with piceous toward the external apical angles ; punc-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 345
tures very fine, not very close -set, those of the elytra more visible,
asperulate aud close, those of the abdomen somewhat sparse though
closer than in valens; head nearly as long as wide, the eyes well devel-
oped; antennae attaining the middle of the elytra, joints five to ten
rather stout, subequal in width and rather strongly transverse, the
eleventh conoidal and rather longer than the two preceding; prothorax
strongly transverse, fully one-half wider than the head and nearly three-
fourths wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate, slightly converging
toward apex, the basal angles obtuse and somewhat blunt, the surface
with a very feeble transverse impression before the scutellum; elytra
only very slightly wider than the prolhorax but two-thirds longer,
somewhat narrowly impressed for some distance behind the scutellum;
abdomen much narrower than the elytra, parallel, the basal impressions
rather narrow and not very deep, the third tergite scarcely and the
fourth not at all impressed. 3Iale with a minute rounded tubercle on
the fifth tergite at some distance from the apical margin. Length 2.7
mm.; width 0.83 mm. California (Licking Fork of the Mokelumne
River — 3,000 feet), — F. E. Blaisdell decolorata n. sp.
The single type of valens is evidently a female. Decolo-
rata differs from californica Bern., in its paler coloration and
in its shorter and relatively broader prothorax, shorter elytra
and subparallel and not gradually incrassate antennae.
Eucryptusa n. gen.
This name is proposed for the species described by the
writer (Annals N. Y., VII., p. 352) under the name Silusa
nanula. It differs from Silusa in its smaller, unemarginate
mentum, less elongate labial palpi and stouter and shorter
paraglossae, as well as in its still shorter first four subequal
joints of the hind tarsi and in its system of sculpture.
Pancota n. gen.
This genus is also allied to Silusa, differing in the very
small size of the body, smaller and medially sinuate mentum
and less elongate palpi, but, more particularly, in the ex-
tremely slender and filiform tarsi, the posterior being some-
what more elongate but with the first four joints subequal as
usual in this group. The single known type is the fol-
lowing : —
Body slender, moderateiy convex, shining, without minute ground sculp-
ture of any kind, pale brownish -flavate in color, the head and posterior
346 Trans. Acad. JSci. of St. Louis.
half of the abdomen nubilously piceous, the legs and antennae pale;
punctures relatively rather large, impressed, somewhat close-eet,
those of the elytra dense and more asperate but scarcely larger, of the
abdomen very fine toward base but larger, longitudinally asperate and
somewhat sparser toward tip; head wider than long, the eyes moder-
ate; antennae short and very slender, only very slightly but gradually
incrassate distally, about as long as the head and prothorax, the sec-
onl joint somewhat longer than the third, the subapical joints evi-
dently transverse, the last pointed and about as long as the preceding
two; prothorax strongly transverse, about three-fourths wider than
long and fully two-fifths wider than the head, the sides subparallel,
evenly and strongly arcuate, the basal angles obtuse and slightly
rounded, the surface with the merest trace of a fine short linear and
transverse impression before the scutellum; elytra parallel, trans-
verse, obviously narrower than the prothorax and of equal length,
with a very minute post-scutellar impression; abdomen parallel,
nearly as wide as the elytra, the first three tergites narrowly, rather
feebly and decreasingly impressed at base, the fourth wholly unim-
pressed. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.43 mm. New Yorli (Catskill
Mts.), — H. H. Smith collaris n. sp.
The single type is evidently a female.
Dianusa n. gen.
The body in this genus is very small, rather stout, the
middle coxae very narrowly separated, the mesosternal pro-
cess extending two-thirds their length, attenuate at tip and
nearly attaining the angular prolongation of the metasternum,
the infra-lateral carinae of the head complete, the eyes mod-
erate, not very finely faceted, the neck slender, less than
half as wide as the head and the hind tarsi short, with the first
four joints short and equal. The mentum is transverse and
truncate and the labial palpi shorter and stouter than in
Silusa. The single type may be known by the following
characters : —
Body parallel, moderately convex, alutaceous, micro -reticulate through-
out, the reticulae of the abdomen larger and faint; color testaceous, the
head and the abdomen, except at apex and toward base, blackish; legs
and antennae pale; punctures very minute, not dense, subgranuliform,
more distinct on the elytra, the pubescence moderate; head trans-
versely elliptical, convex, rather small, the antennae short, not longer
than the head and prothorax, feebly and gradually incrassate dis-
tally, the second joint longer and thicker than the third, the subapical
joints transverse; prothorax short, two-fifths wider than the head and
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 347
three-fourths wider than lonp:, the sides parallel and evenly arcuate,
the basal angles obtuse and slightly rounded, the surface extremely
faintly, transversely impressed before the scutellum; elytra well devel-
oped, equal in width to the prothorax and nearly one-half longer,
parallel, with a small sutural depression behind the scutellum; abdo-
men distinctly narrower than the elytra, parallel, shining, sparsely
punctured toward tip, the first three tergites narrowly and equally im-
pressed at base. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.42 mm. California (Pasa-
dena), — A. Fenyes pasadenae n. sp.
The male has some irregularly scattered granules toward
apex of the fifth and sixth tergites throughout the width,
the sixth truncate, with about eight rather large serrulations
thoughout the width, the median interval rather wider than the
others.
Ulitusa n. gen.
This genus resembles Silusa but differs in the minute size
and in the truncate mentum, not prolonged anteriorly at the
sides and laterally impressed on the surface ; the labial palpi
are long but much stouter, three-jointed, the infra-lateral
carinae of the head strong and entire, the middle coxae and
adjacent parts as in the preceding genus, but with the acute
mesosternal process freer; the hind tarsi are moderately
stout, nearly three-fourths as long as the tibiae, with the first
four joints short and subequal ; the eyes are rather small,
prominent, the sides of the head behind them somewhat
strongly convergent and evenly arcuate to the neck. The
sculpture is coarse and conspicuous. We know at present two
species as follows : —
Body rather slender, moderately convex, the surface without minute ground
sculpture, except a feeble reticulation toward the abdominal apex,
shining, coarsely and closely but not densely punctate throughout,
except on the abdomen, which is finely and sparsely punctate;
pubescence inconspicuous; color dark testaceous, with the elytra
blackish, paler at the humeri and also along the apical margin, the
abdomen with a blackish or ficeous subapical cloud, the legs pale, the
antennae black, pale at apex and gradually paler toward base; head
nearly as long as wide, strongly, closely punctate, the antennae stout,
gradually incrassate distally, the second and third joints elongate, the
former somewhat the longer, the subapical joints transverse, the pale
eleventh joint stout and conoidal; prothorax short, a third wider than
the head and fully two-thirds wider than long, widest before the mid-
348 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
die, the sides converging and sinuate basally, the angles acute, not at
all rounded and slightly prominent, the surface not obviously impressed ;
elytra not v?ider than the prothorax and nearly one-half longer, feebly
impressed behind the scutellum, the humeri evidently exposed at base;
abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel, the first three ter-
gites strongly and equally impressed at base, with their surfaces thence
notably convex to tip, the remaining plates nearly flat. Length 1.9 mm.;
width 0.44 mm. Ohio (Cincinnati), — Chas. Dury cribratala n. sp.
Body nearly similar but smaller, convex, rather shining, rufo- testaceous
throughout, except the head and a subapical abdominal cloud which are
blackish; legs pale, the antennae black, gradually paler toward base
but not at apex; head and elytra coarsely, not densely punctate, the
pronotum notably less coarsely so, the abdomen strongly and rather
closely but sparsely toward tip; pubescence rather coarse, pale in color;
head wider than long, convex, the antennae longer than the head and
prothorax, less stout than in the preceding species, gradually incrassate
distally, the subapical joints transverse, the second much longer than
the third; prothorax less transverse, fully a third wider than the head
and one-half wider than long, widest before the middle, the sides
thence moderately converging to the basal angles, which are not so dis-
tinct or prominent as in cribratula, the surface not evidently impressed;
elytra somewhat wider than the prothorax and a third longer, impressed
along the suture for a long distance behind the scutellum, the humeri but
slightly exposed; abdomen narrower than the elytra, nearly as in
cribratula, the legs similarly rather short and slender. Length 1.65
mm.; width 0.4mm. Ohio (Cincinnati), — Chas. Dury.... pnsio n. sp.
The type of cribratula is a female ; in pusio, however, the
male has a rather narrow, acutely elevated carina in almost
apical half of the fifth tergite, not quite attaining the apical
margin, the sixth concealed in the type.
Goniusa n. gen.
I would propose this name for a genus represented at pres-
ent by a single species, described by LeConte many years ago
under the name Eu7'yusa ohtusa. It resembles Euryusa
somewhat in general form, but differs conspicuously in the
structure of the hind tarsi, the basal joint of the latter being
about as long as the next two combined in that genus, while
in Goniusa it is about as long as the succeeding joint, the
first four subequal in length and rather elongate, the entire
tarsus being about two-thirds as long as the tibia. The in-
termesocoxal parts are nearly as in Euryusa and many other
genera of the subtribe, but the body is much broader, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 349
abdomen wider and with the impression of the third tergite
feeble, becoming wholly obsolete toward the sides of the
plate.
Amenusa n. gen.
In its subdepressed, parallel form and dense dull integu-
ments, the general aspect of this distinct genus is not unlike
Placusa, but it differs in having the middle coxae rather
widely separated, the mesosternal process very short, truncate
and virtually abutting against the very long broad metaster-
nal projection. The infra- lateral carinae of the head seem
to be entire but are extremely feeble or obsolescent anteriorly
and the hind tarsi are short, with the first four joints short
and subequal, the fifth long, almost equaling the four basal
together; the claws are long, slender and feebly arcuate.
The single known species may be thus briefly described : —
Form rather slender, parallel, feebly convex, alutaceous, black or blackish,
the elytra paler, piceous; legs pale, the antennae blackish, gradually
paler toward base; integuments densely micro-reticulate, the abdomen
minutely, faintly strigilate in transverse wavy lines; punctures very
fine, close-set but indistinct except on the elytra, very fine on the abdo-
men and sparse, the latter more shining; pubescence short and incon-
spicuous; head wider than long, the eyes rather well developed, promi-
nent, the sides strongly converging and broadly arcuate behind them
to the neck; antennae fully attaining basal third of the elytra, gradu-
ally and moderately incrassate distally, the elongate second and third
joints subequal, the subapical joints transverse, the eleventh subpyri-
form; prothorax transverse, a fourth wider than the head and one-
half wider than long, widest at apical third, the sides broadly arcuate,
feebly converging and straight toward base, the angles obtuse but not
at all rounded, the surface not distinctly impressed; elytra only just
visibly wider but one-half longer than the prothorax, parallel, very
feebly impressed behind the scutellum, the humeri somewhat exposed
at base; abdomen obviously narrower than the elytra, the first three
tergites narrowly and subequally impressed at base. Length 2.7 mm. ;
width 0.57 mm. California (Pomona, — Los Angeles Co.), — H. C.
Fall angnstala n. sp.
The male has no discal marks on the apical tergites but
the sixth is broadly truncate at tip, the edge throughout
closely pectinate, the teeth triangular, the extreme lateral
tooth on each side more isolated, longer and more slender.
350 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
Sibiota n. gen.
This genus is perhaps most closely allied to Sipalia,
though evidently isolated. The body is slender, with the
elytra abbreviated and the infra-lateral carinae of the head
wholly obsolete, the eyes small and anterior and the middle
coxae approximate. The hind tarsi are rather short, the
basal joint evidently longer than the second though not as
long as the next two combined. The type may be described
as follows : —
Form slender, subparallel, moderately depressed, subalutaceous, the integ-
uments feebly micro-reticulate throughout, pale rufo-testaceous, the
abdomen black, slightly paler at tip, the \eg.s pale, the antennae in-
fuscate distally; punctures very fine, moderately close-set but indis-
tinct, sparse on the abdomen; pubescence pale, subdecumbent, rather
long and distinct; head pyrifoim, swollen toward base with arcuate
sides, rather longer than wide, the neck somewhat narrow; antennae
extending to the middle of the elytra, gradually and moderately incras-
sate distally, the subapical joints transverse, the second evidently
longer than the third; prothorax quadrate, distinctly wider than the
head, very slightly wider than long, just visibly wider near apical
third than at base, the sides feebly arcuate, rounding anteriorly to the
apex, less arcuate basally, the basal angles somewhat broadly rounded,
the surface broadly, feebly concave along median third from base
nearly to the apex, the concavity gradually disappearing; elytra equal
in width to the prothorax and rather less than three -fourths as long,
the sides somewhat diverging from the base; abdomen as wide as the
elytra, the sides parallel, the first three tergites narrowly and feebly
impressed at base; legs moderately long and slender. Length 2.35
mm.; width 0,5 mm. Oregon (Portland), — H. F. Wickham.
impressnla n. sp.
The type appears to be a female. Sibiota differs from
Sipalia in the obsolete infra-lateral carinae of the head, and,
from Typhlusida (ante, p. 263 ; — type Jlava Kr.), it differs
in its longer basal joint of the hind tarsi.
Leptusa Kr.
The genus Leptusa^ like Oxypoda^ is composite as organ-
ized at present in American literature, but the time is not yet
ripe to study it in detail and it must suffice for the present to
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 351
announce that brevicollis will constitute one group, seminitens
and opaca another, americana Bern., a third, and the species
described below two more. The species selected for descrip-
tion at the present time are the following : —
Form rather slender, parallel, convex, the anterior parts feebly reticulate,
the head and pronotura not very finely but closely and feebly punctate
and dull, the elytra closely, more deeply and asperately punctured and
more shining, the abdomen devoid of minute ground sculpture except
a feeble reticulation at the extreme apex, not very finely, closely punc-
tured and somewhat shining; color dark and uniform piceous-brown,
the abdomen pale rufo-testaceous, with a black cloud involving the
fourth tergite and basal half of the fifth; legs pale, the antennae black,
pale at apex and toward base; pubescence pale, subdecumbent; head
wider than long, narrowed behind the moderate and prominent eyes, the
antennae almost attaining the middle of the elytra, stout, gradually in-
crassate, the second and third joints ranch elongated and subequal, the
subapical joints transverse ; prothorax almost a third wider than the head
and fully two-fifths wider than long, widest at apical two-fifths, where
the sides are rather prominently rounded, thence converging and feebly-
sinuate to the base, the basal angles rather prominent, not evidently
blunt, the surface not obviously impressed; elytra only just visibly
wider than the prothorax and barely two-fifths longer, parallel, the
humeri somewhat exposed at base; abdomen long, parallel, evidently
narrower than the elytra, the first three tergites strongly and equally
impressed at base. Length 2.4-3.2 mm.; width 0.6-0.65 mm. Iowa
(Iowa City) and Ohio (Cincinnati) tricolor n. sp.
Form, coloration and lustre nearly as in tricolor, the apical joint of the an-
tennae not so completely pale; punctures of the anterior parts rather
large and very close -set, those of the head very shallow and variolate,
of the pronotura deeper and somewhat asperulate, of the elytra still
stronger and asperate, of the abdomen tine but strong, close but no-
tably less so than in tricolor and becoming rather sparse toward tip;
head nearly as in tricolor but more shining, the antennae shorter and
notably less strongly incrassate distally, attaining about basal third of
the elytra, the second and third joints subequal, the subapical trans-
verse; prothorax distinctly wider than the head, about two-fifths wider
than long, nearly as in tricolor but with the basal angles rather more
obtuse and less prominent though very distinct, the surface with the
merest trace of transverse impression before the scutellum ; elytra rela-
tively much larger, fully a fourth wider than the prothorax and nearly
one-half longer, the humeri well exposed; abdomen narrower, much
narrower than the elytra, parallel, similarly impressed. Male with a
very short and feeble carinule behind the centre of the fifth and sixth
tergites, the latter broadly sinuato -truncate and minutely, closely ser-
rulate at tip. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.63 mm. Mississippi (Vicks-
burg) canonica n. pp.
Form more slender, parallel, convex, alutaceous, the abdomen more shin-
352 Trans. Acad. Sci. of JSt. Louis.
Ing; punctures of the head and pronotum extremely fine, feeble and
indistinct, close-set, of the tlytra only somewhat less fine but more
obvious, dense and feebly asperulate, of the abdomen very fine and close-
set throughout; color pale rufo-testaceous, the entire abdomen blacky
the legs and antennae pale, the latter inf uscate distally, the apex not
paler; pubescence pale and close but short and not very conspicuous;
head wider than long, subparallel at the sides, abruptly constricted at
base, the eyes rather large, convex; antennae short, only slightly longer
than the head and prothorax, gradually but feebly incrassate distally,
second and third joints only moderately elongate and subequal, the
subapical transverse, the eleventh deeply excavated near the apex;
prothorax fully a fourth wider than the head but only a fourth or fifth
wider than long, subparallel, widest before the middle, the sides broadly
arcuate, rather straighter toward base, the angles obtuse and slightly
rounded, the surface scarcely visibly transversely impressed before the
scuteilum; elytra about a fifth wider and nearly a third longer than the
prothorax, the humeri slightly exposed; abdomen distinctly narrower
than the elytra, long, parallel, the first three tergites only very narrowly
and feebly impressed at base, their surface flat and not convex as in the
two preceding species; basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next
two combined; sexual characters not evident. Length 2.1-2.5 mm.;
width 0.55-0.61 mm. North Carolina (Tryon) and Ohio (Cincinnati).
semirnfa n. sp.
Tricoloi', and possibly the allied" canonica also, sometimes
occurs in the company of a rather small piceous ant with
paler brow^n legs.
Pliaenogyra Eey.
The indication, on page 278 of the present paper, that
Pliaenogyra is an exclusively European genus, can fortunately
be corrected now by the chance discovery of a representative
among some unclassified material in my cabinet. This cir-
cumstance is interesting, not only in proving Pliaenogyra to be
American as well as European, but in being the only evidence
known to me of the occurrence of the subtribe Gyrophaenae
in California. It may be described as follows : —
Rather stout, moderately convex and shining, blackish-piceous in color
throughout; the legs and antennae pale, the latter feebly infumate
distally; integuments coarsely and strongly micro-reticulate, the abdo-
men more feebly so; pubescence short, stiff and sparse; head trans-
verse, with fine scattered punctures except broadly along the median
line, the eyes moderate, prominent; antennae barely as long as the head
and prothorax, slender basally, abruptly stout from the fifth joint, the
latter to the tenth loose, feebly incrassate and strongly transverse, the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 853
eleventh oval, pointerl, not quite as long as the two preceding com-
bined, fourth joint small and transverse; prothorax small, wider than
the head, one-half wider than Ion?, the sides converging and feebly
arcuate from the broadly rounded basal angles to the apex, the base
strongly, subcircularly rounded and finely reflexed, the punctures
minute, sparse and irregularly distributed; elytra large, more strongly,
asperately and uniformly punctured, rather closely so, about a third
wider than long, nearly two-fifths wider and one-half longer than the
prothorax, the humeri well exposed and rounded, the suture impressed
almost throughout the length; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra,
feebly tapering and with slightly arcuate sides thence to the tip,
minutely, rather sparsely punctured throughout. Length 1.4 mm. ;
width 0.63 mm. California COjai;, — H. C. Fall californica n. sp.
The abdomen in the .single specimen at hand is retracted
at apex, so that the sex cannot be determined.
Tbinusa Csy.
The first of the following species is the largest Phytosid
known to me : —
Form stout, parallel, rather convex, brownish-testaceous, the prothorax
clearer, the abdomen black; legs pale, the antennae infuscate distally;
integuments dull, minutely and densely granulato -reticulate, the punc-
tures very minute and not distinct even on the elytra, the abdomen
finely, evenly and rather closely punctulate; pubescence pale, rather
long and conspicuous, directed outwardly from the median line on the
pronotum; head longer than wide, the eyes well developed and some-
what coarsely faceted but not prominent; antennae moderately incras-
sate distally, one -half longer than the head, the second joint nearly as
long as the next two combined, the subapical transverse, the eleventh
very short, conoidal; prothorax slightly wider than the head and some-
what wider than long, widest at apical two-fifths, where the sides are
broadly arcuate, thence rather distinctly converging and somewhat
sinuate to the arcuato-truncate base, the angles very slightly rounded,
the surface with a very fine, feebly impressed and nearly entire median
line ; elytra scarcely as wide as the prothorax and scarcely more than
two-thirds as long; abdomen parallel, very long, as wide as the pro-
thorax, the first three tergites strongly and the fourth feebly impressed
at base; hind tarsi Ioniser than in maritima, with the first four joints
somewhat elongate and equal; claws much longer, compressed and
somewhat distorted. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Queen Char-
lotte Island (Massett), — J. H. Keen fletckeri n. sp. (Fvl. MS).
Form very slender, minute, blackish-castaneous, the abdomen black, the
legs aud antennae pale, opaque, densely and minutely granulato -retic-
ulate, the abdomen less strongly so; pubescence short and inconspicu-
ous; punctures very minute, obscure, distinct but fine and close-set on
354 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
the abdomen; head longer than wide, the eyes well developed and
slightly prominent; antennae as long as the head and prothorax, dls-
tinctly^and gradually incrassate distally, the second joint as long as the
next two combined, the subapical transverse; prothorax very slightly
wider than the head and almost as long as wide, widest anteriorly,
where the sides are rounded, thence rather strongly converging and
straighter to the obviously rounded basal angles, the surface rather
broadly but feebly impressed along the median line almost to the apex;
elytra not quite as wide as the prothorax and three- fourths as long,
angularly emarginate toward the suture at tip, the sides feebly diverg-
ing from the humeri, which are gradually rounded to the prothorax and
not exposed at base; abdomen but little longer than the remainder of
the body, parallel, as wide as the eljtra, the first three tergites very
narrowly and extremely feebly impressed at base; hind tarsi shorter
than in fletcheri and with the basal joint distinctly longer than the sec-
ond— not shorter as in maritima, the claws minute. Length 1.3 mm.;
width 0.8 mm. California (8ta. Barbara) obscnra n. sp.
The basal impressions of tlie abdomen are much larger
and deeper in Jletcheri than in maritima or obsciira and the
last may be distinguished from 7naritima by its smaller size,
relatively narrower prothorax, darker color, longer basal joint
of the hind tarsi and closer abdominal punctuation.
Amblopusa Csy.
The chief points of distinction between this genus and
Bryohiota Csy., are the very broad subvertical hypomera and
short third antennal joint of the former. In the latter genus
the hypomera, although only feebly inflexed, are narrow, as
usual, and the third antennal joint is distinctly elongate, in
fact almost as long as the second ; the ej^es, also, although small
and coarsely faceted, are better developed. The following
species departs radically from brevipes in its larger size, very
much longer tarsal claws and more developed eyes : —
Form slender, parallel, dull, very minutely and densely sculptured, the punc-
tures very fine, close-set and indistinct, somewhat more visible on the
elytra, extremely minute, close-set but evident on the abdomen, which ii
only very obsoletely reticulate and rather shining; color pale rufo-
testaceous, the abdomen black, feebly paler at tip, the legs pale; pu-
bescence rather long, pale and connpicuous except ou the abdomen;
head large, scarcely longer than wide, feebly inflated at base, subde-
pressed, feebly impressed on the median line toward base, the eyes
small, evenly oval, consisting of about twenty coarse facets, the pos-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 355
terlor facets less convex than the anterior; antennae missing in the
type; prothorax slightly narrower than the heal, not quite as long as
wide, widest near the apex, the sides rather strongly converging and
almost straight to the base, the angles obtuse but scarcely at all blunt,
the surface broadly, feebly impressed along the middle almost through-
out; elytra evidently narrower than the prothorax and but little wider
than the base of the latter, parallel, two-thirds as long; abdomen one-
half longer than the remainder of the body, subparallel, fully as wide as
the head, the first five segments very narrowly, feebly and subequally
impressed at base; hind tarsi but little more than half as long as the
tibiae, stout, the first four joints very short and subequal, the claws
very long, slender and evenly arcuate. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.46
mm. Queen Charlotte Island (Massett), — J. H. Keen..boreaIis n. sp.
I have before me but a siuole specimen of undetermined sex
and it has unfortunately lost all but the basal joint of the
antennae.
Hygronomini.
Bamona Shp.
The following species belong to Bamona proper and not to
Gyronycha, and the first is interesting in proving its extended
distribution, paralleling that of Gyronycha : —
Form slender, rather convex, polished, black or blackish throughout, the
legs pale piceous, the antennae black, gradually paler basally; integu-
ments devoid of any trace of minute ground sculpture, very finely, not
densely punctured throughout; pubescence fine, short, ashy and rather
distinct on the elytra, elsewhere inconspicuous; head nearly as wide as
long, the sides very broadly rounded and converging behind the moder-
ate eyes to the neck, which is fully three-fifths as wide; antennae thick,
not quite attaining the middle of the elytra, gradually incrassate dls-
tally, the joints close -set, obtrapezoidal distally, opaque, densely clothed
with a mixture of short stiff silvery, and longer fine and dark, hairs,
the second longer than the third, both elongate, the subapical moder-
ately transverse, the eleventh somewhat thicker, oval, rather longer than
the two preceding; prothorax slightly narrower than the head, some-
what longer than wide, widest near apical third, where the sides are
subprominently rounded, thence feebly converging and subsinuateto the
base, the surface wholly unimpressed ; elytra large, four-fifths wider and
two-fifths longer than the prothorax, the humeri well exposed at base;
abdomen much narrower than the elytra, parallel, the first three tergites
strongly but narrowly impressed at base; hind tarsi slender, with the
basal joint about as long as the next two combined, the fifth gradually
thickened toward tip. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.4 mm. North Caro-
lina ( Asheville) carolinae n. sp.
Form very slender, rather convex, highly polished, minutely, rather clogely
356 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
but indistinctly punctured, sparsely toward the tip of the abdomen as
usual, the pubescence inconspicuous; color blackish, the prothorax,
abdomen, except a subapical darker region, legs and the antennae
toward base, pale; head smaller than in falliana, with very much more
broadly rounded basal angles, the antennae nearly similar but scarcely
so stout, fully attaining the middle of the elytra; neck barely half as
wide as the head; prothorax much narrower than the head and dis-
tinctly elongate, subprominently rounded at the sides at apical third,
thence feebly, subsinuately narrowed to the base, the surface wholly un-
impressed ; elytra more than four-fifths wider but less than a third longer
than the prothorax; abdomen much narrower than the elytra, the three
basal impressions very narrow and only moderately deep, polished and
smooth as usual; hind tarsi slender, almost three-fourths as long as the
tibiae, the basal joint somewhat longer than the next two combined.
Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.35 mm. California (Mokelumae Hill, Cala-
veras Co.) , — F. E. Blaisdell tennissima n. sp.
Carolinae is almost exactly similar in size and general form
to the Calif ornian/a??m?ia, but differs in the deeper and more
uniform blackish coloration and in havino- the basal angles of
the head very much more broadly rounded. Tenuissima is
decidedly more slender, with the basal angles of the head also
more broadly rounded than m falliana, but rather less so and
with a narrower neck than in carolinae.
Subfamily STAPHYLININAE.
Tribe Xantholinixi.
The chief peculiarities of this Staphylinid tribe reside in
the formation of the antennae and front, the relatively
approximate insertion of the former and in the singular modi-
fication of the elytral suture characterizing most of the genera.
The antennae are strongly geniculate at the tip of the more
or less elongate basal joint, the latter, as well as the jtwo or
three following joints, being subglabrous and sparsely setulose,
while those which follow to the tip are usually compactly
joined, transverse to a greater or less degree, minutely and
densely pubescent and finely, closely sculptured, in addition, to
the sparse erect tactile setae; they are never very widely
separated at the extreme frontal apex and the apical margin
between them is more or less closely and deeply bisinuate,
the intermediate narrow lobe or epistoma being generally
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 357
truncate and bearing at tip the small transverse, usually finely
emarginate or deeply, narrowly cleft labrum. In the Meto-
ponci the epistoma is singularly prominent dorsally and can-
aliculate, and, in the Diochi, the labrum is entire and even
finely denticulate at the middle. The mandibles are moderate
in size, dentate within and variously modified on the exterior
surface, which is either entire as in Eulissus, grooved as in
the majority of the Xantholini or with a sinuous stria as
in Metopo7icus, with rounded external edge, as a rule, or with
an acute edge as in Diochus. The maxillary palpi vary
greatly, having the third joint long or short and the fourth
correspondingly short or elongate, finely aciculate and very
slender to conical and gradually pointed ; they are always
coarsely setulose and glabrous, except in Diochus, where they
become finely and closely pubescent as well as setulose. The
labial palpi are usually simple, with slender third joint, but in
the neotropical Araeocnemis have the third joint, singularly
enlarged. The mentum is usually transverse, becoming espe-
cially modified only in the very remarkable genus Platy-
prosopiis.
The elytral suture is abnormal in the Xantholini, and, to, a
much less marked degree, in the Araeocnemes and Metoponci,
the inner edge of each elytron being widely and gradually
beveled, so that in closing, one slips upon the other to a slight
extent, leaving the summits of the beveled edges as two sep-
arate broadly arcuate lines, a formation which enables one to
identify a Xantholinid at a glance, even without noticing the
aberrant antennae. A number of subtribes have the elytral
suture normal, however, such as the Othii, Diochi and those
which follow in the table below. The neck is usually rather
thick, and, although sometimes narrow, never becomes so
extremely slender as in Stilicus and some other genera of the
Paederini for example. The anterior and middle coxae are
remarkably large and prominent as a rule, but the posterior
have the exposed inner parts small and contiguous as usual.
In many forms, such as the Hyptiomae, the middle coxae
become flat on their exposed surface when in repose ; they
frequently extend from the median line to the sides of the
358 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
body. The prosternum is short and not much produced in
the middle under the coxae ; its anterior margin is broadly
and distinctly sinuate, except in Platyprosopus and Hyptioma^
where it becomes truncate. The membrane thus exposed in
the sinuation is partially covered by a complex arrangement
of extruded corneous plates, the central large and broadly
arcuate at tip, the lateral small and more extensile. These
plates are undoubtedly connected in some way with the un-
usual flexility of the head ; they appear to be wanting in the
Paederini, where the exposed piece, when present at all, isi
much shorter and membranous or coriaceous in texture. The
tarsi are remarkably uniform in structure and present nothing
unusual ; the anterior are undilated as a rule but become strong-
ly dilated and densely pubescent beneath in certain genera,
notably Platyprosopus, where they are also eccentric as in
Pinophilus, in LeptoUnus and NotoUnus and one or two others
of the Xantholini, in Diochus and the Othii.
The sexual characters at the ventral apex are singularly in-
conspicuous when we compare the tribe with many others,
such as the Paederini, and the most notable sexual characters
generally apply to the female and not the male. In the male
of ISFematolinus and HesperoUnus, for example, the sixth
ventral is broadly rounded at tip, but in the female is either
acutely angulate or produced in a slender spine, which, in
parous and one or two other species, extends well behind the
extreme tip of the abdomen. The female characters of Lep-
tacinus are also peculiar as noted below. In the Othii, how-
ever, the male frequently has the sixth segment more or less
evidently sinuate at tip, and it is an invariable rule that the
apex of the sixth ventral is less arcuate or less produced in
the male than in the female, even when the actual diiference
of curvature is very slight, as in Nudobius and Xantholinus.
It is convenient to divide the tribe, as represented by the
material that happens to be in my cabinet, into seven sub-
tribal groups distinguished by the following characters : —
Prosternum emarginate anteriorly, the emarginalion partially filled by aa
apparently extrusive rounded corneous plate 8
Prosternum transversely truncate anteriorly, without extrusive corneous
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 359
plate; elytral suture fine, straight and Dormal; midclle coxae contig-
uous; antennae less approximate on the front than in the Xanthollni,
nearly as in Othii and Diochi 8
2 — Antennae finely and densely pubescent from the fourth joint, not no-
tably compressed 3
Antennae subglabrous, strongly compressed, approximate as in Xanthollni 7
3 — Maxillary palpi glabrous, excepting a few sparse tactile bristles 4
Maxillary palpi minutely pubescent; antennae less approximate 6
4 — Labial palpi noi mal, the last joint mo re or less slender 5
Labial palpi with the last joint large and securiform; antennae approxi-
mate; neck slender; middle coxae very remotely separated, much
smaller than usual ; inner edge of the elytra usually less broadly beveled
than in the Xanthollni. Neotropieal regions •Araeocnemes
6 — Antennae approximate on the frontal margin, the latter more or lea*
feebly but apruptly advanced between them in the middle, forming a
distinct epistoma; elytral suture always broadly beveled and abnormal;
middle coxae distinctly separated as a rule Xantholinl
Antennae more widely separated, the frontal margin nearly truncate be-
tween them; elytral suture normal; middle coxae contiguous Othii
(i — Elytral suture normal; middle coxae contiguous; head much less de-
veloped than in any other subtribe, the antennae relatively distant at
base Dioclii
7 — Antennae very approximate as in the Xanthollni, the narrow epistoma be-
tween them much more produced, dorsally elevated and bilobed; elytral
suture but slightly beveled, almost normal, the middle coxae contigu-
ous *Metopoiici
8 — Mentum normal, short and transverse; antennae as usual; body de-
pressed, small in size '"Hyptiomae
Mentum with its coriaceous continuation triangular; antennae some-
what abnormal, the joints elongate and compressed; body moderately
convex, very large in size *Platypro8opi
The subtribes foreign to America, as indicated by the
asterisks, may be remarked upon as follows: —
Araeocneines. — A few genera, composed of large and
showy neotropical species, alone constitute this tribe. The
principal genus has long been known under the name >iS'^e:r-
culia Lap., but, as an important genus of plants has been
designated for a still longer time by the same name, it
seems advisable to change the zoological name, espec-
ially as we can do so without coining a new word, the Arae-
ocnemis, of Nordmann, being synonymical with StercuUa.*
* It would be ambiguous, for instance, if not altogether absurd, to speak
of a StercuUa lauta being found under dead leaves in the shade of a Sterculia
amerieana. Another example of the same kind is the well known Pselaphid
genus Beichenbachia, and I would propose that this be changed to Belch*
enbachius to distinguish it from the Reichenbachia of the botanists.
360 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
The characters of the table have been drawn from a species
of Araeocnemis of moderate size, which may be described as
follows : —
Rather stout, with slender, elongate prothorax, brilliant blue-green in.
color with purplish reflection on the elytra and pronotum, which are
polished and with rather coarse, sparse, impressed and evenly but irreg-
ularly distributed punctures, each of which bears a conspicuous stiff
black hair; head oblong-elongate, relatively rather small though wider
than the prothorax, parallel, with rounded basal angles, the upper sur-
face throughout with coarse and very dense, longitudinally anasto-
mozing punctures, the sides subinferiorly behind the eyes with a broad
parallel-sided longitudinal line, which is acutely limited above and
below, broadly, feebly concave and in great part impunctate, the punc-
tures of the under surface coarse and conspicuous posteriorly but
almost wanting anteriorly; antennae with the first three joints sub-
glabrous, the next two coarsely punctate and setulose, the last six, and
especially the last four, very minutely, densely pubescent, the penulti-
mate slightly transverse and a little longer than the preceding joint;
mandibles arcuate and convex externally, becoming narrowly grooved
toward base only; they are broadly decussate in repose and much
shorter than the head ; prothorax narrow, anteriorly pointed from
near the middle and impressed at each side toward base; elytra large,
quadrate, nearly twice as wide as the prothorax, with the inner edge
only very narrowly beveled, the line marking the summit of the bevel
being, on each elytron, strongly elevated and cariniforra. Length 18.0
mm.; width 4.5 mm. Panama lanta n. sp.
This species cannot be identified with any of those described
in the Biologia under the name Slei'culia, and Agrodes Nord.,
and PloGhionocerus Shp., are very different in facies though
apparently belonging to the same subtribe.
Metoponci. — The genus Metoponcus, of Kraatz, is one of
the most isolated of the tribe and is undoubtedly of full sub-
tribal importance ; I know of no associates for it at present.
The genus appears to be peculiar to the more southern of the
palaearctic faunal provinces, whence I have examples from
Greece and Lenkoran. The body in Metoponcus is moderately
slender, parallel and convex, nearly as in the genus Gyrohyp-
nus of the Xantholini, but the head is remarkably elon-
gate, parallel and rectilinear at the sides, the flanks behind
the eyes not having two obtuse lines with a flattened area be-
twecL them, as is generally the casein that tribe, but, on the
under surface parallel and close to the sides, there is a re-
Casey — Observations on the StaphylinuJae. 361
markable deep groove, with which perhaps the lateral line of
Lepiacinus is homologous, and outside of which the lateral
line of the head is acute and prominent inferiorly ; above this
line the surface is evenly convex through the flanks to the dor-
sal surface and without further irregularity. The gular su-
tures are single from the small triangle behind the mentum
to the base, the neck scarcely a third as wide as the head, the
third palpal joint elongate, obconical, the fourth small, slender
and oblique and the mandibles are rather small, arcuate, each
strongly unidentate within, convex externally, with a fine im-
pressed longitudinal groove. The antennae are shorter than
the head, broadly flattened, glabrous but with herissate setae
and are wholly unique in the tribe. The prothorax and pro-
sternum are nearlj' as in Gyrohypnus, but the bevel of the inner
edges of the elytra is convex, rather narrow and not marked
by a carina or elevated beading at its upper part. The tarsi
are remarkably long and slender, with the basal joint much
shorter than the second ; the middle tarsi are notably longer
than the tibiae.
A considerable number of neotropical species have been
placed in Metoponcus, chiefly by Dr. Sharp, but they probably
constitute several distinct genera, no one of which is exactly
congeneric with the European Metoponcus, although longiceps
Shp., may possibly form a genus of the subtribe Metoponci as
here considered, on account of the peculiar form of the in-
terantennal epistoma. The remarkable antennal structure of
Metoponcus, which constitutes one of the most distinctive
features of the present subtribe, has been unaccountably
overlooked in describing these neotropical forms, some of
which may enter Oligolinus, defined below to receive the
Metoponcus Jioridanus, of LeConte, the antennae of which
are certainly not Metoponcid.
Hyptiomae. — This subtribe is founded upon a single very
small slender and strongly depressed parallel species, occur-
ring in the Island of Cuba, which may be described as
follows : —
Strongly depressed, parallel, pale testaceous in color, the legs and an-
tennae also pale, the head blackish, moderately shining. Head sub-
362 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
quadrate, t>ehiud the antennae somewhat wider than long, the sides
parallel and nearly straight, the angles right, narrowly rounded;
base transversely truncate; neck not quite half as wide as the head;
antennae separated at base by fully two -fifths of the maximum width,
rather slender, only slightly longer than the head, the basal joint scarcely
longer than the next two combined, the second barely as long but
rather thicker than the third, the latter more strongly narrowed at base
and much shorter than the next two combined; cpistoma very short,
truncate; labrum transverse, bilobed, the lobes evenly rounded, the
notch evenly and deeply sinuate; mandibles small, not grooved exter-
nally but with an acute subinferior external edge; maxillary palpi mod*
erate, glabrous, sparsely setose, the third joint somewhat notably
elongate, the fourth very small, aciculate and extremely oblique; men-
tum i>mall, transverse; gular sutures very flue, straight and rapidly con-
verging posteriorly to apical third, thence single to the base; flanks of
the head evenly and strongly convex, unmodified; eyes well developed;
punctures rather strongly impressed and distinct, somewhat sparse
throughout, with a narrow irapunctate dorsal line which seems to bi-
furcate anteriorly; frontal grooves wanting. Prothorax short, obtrap-
ezoiaal, scarcely as long as wide, obviously shorter and narrower than
the head, the sides feebly arcuate, the angles obtuse but rather dis-
tinct; surface rather finely but deeply, closely and confusedly punctate,
with a wide impunctate median line, which is well defined by close-set
series and notably narrower toward base; side margin finely acute,
extending to the apex though gradually deflexed anteriorly before the
middle; below this a second fine carinal line, nearly parallel to and
more abbreviated than the lower edge ; prosternum well developed before
the coxae, the latter somewhat narrower than usual, the posterior acute
angulation approaching the mesosternum much closer than in any other
genus, the emargination of the mesosternum very small, rounded, the
anterior coxal cavities partially closed externally and posteriorly by a
corneous piece not visible elsewhere in the tribe. Elytra longer than
wide, one-half longer and nearly a third wider than the prothorax,
minutely but deeply, very closely, evenly but irregularly punctured
throughout, rather dull; suture very fine, simple. Abdomen {-lender,
parallel, distinctly narrower than the elytra and similarly, though still
more finely and less closely punctulate, more shining. Middle coxae
more rounded and less elongate than usual, contiguous, extending to
the sides of the body, flat interiorly, with a large discal concavity in
each. Legs short, the tarsi very short, stout and extremely compact,
tapering from base to apex, the anterior not dilated. Male not known,
the sixth ventral of the female evenly and subparabolically rounded
from the sides near the base around the apex. Length 4.0 mm.; width
0.55 mm. Cuba (Havana), — C. F. Baker.
HyptioDia {n. gen.) cabensis n. sp.
There can be but little doubt that this very singular Xan-
tholinid lives under bark, though I have no notes as to its
habits from Mr. Baker. Its structural characters, and par-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 363
ticularly its entire facies, indicate subtribal isolation at
least.
Platyprosopi. — The very remarkable genus Platyprosopus,
of the southern parts of the palaearctic province, is the only
representative of this subtribe at present known. Its species
are of large size, parallel and convex form, with the neck
extremely wide and only feebly delimited from the head by
shallow lateral impression of the occiput. The head behind
the antennae is shorter than wide, rounded at the sides, which
are not longitudinally modified behind the eyes ; the latter are
well developed in point of size and rather convex, but appar-
ently unique, perhaps in the entire Staphylinidae, in having the
facets wholly obsolete except in very limited number around
the anterior part, the rest of the surf ace being densely opaque,
evenly convex and with fine scattered punctules like those of
the other parts of the cephalic surface. The antennae are
more slender, elongate, loose and filiform than usual in
the Xantholinini and have the outer joints elongate, obconictil
and compressed, the basal joint about as long as the next two
combined. The labrum is short, transversely truncate, ap-
parently with a feebly projecting median lobe, the mandibles
large, arcuate, convex externally, with an acute edge toward
base, the palpi short and thick, the three outer joints of the
maxillary subequal in length, the last cylindric, obtuse at
tip; gular sutures short, converging posteriorly but still
narrowly separated where they attain a median tumorosity at
the base of the head. The prothorax is wider than \ou^,
rather wider than the head, wider apically than basally, the
sides evenly arcuate, the basal angles broadly rounded, the
apical not rounded, the surface not strigilate but having very
minute and irregularly scattered nude punctules throughout,
the lateral edges more strongly beaded than in any other
genus; hypomera rapidly descending; middle coxae contig-
uous, large, extending to the sides of the body. The legs
are long and rather thick, the tarsi elongate, with the basal
joint of the posterior longer than the next two combined, the
anterior strongly dilated and twisted. The elytra have the
suture fine and normal, without contiguous beading, and, afc
364 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
base, each is hollowed into a concave helicoidal polished sur-
face, permitting of the easy motion of the broad prothorax
upon them ; externally this helicoidal surface is vertically
and prominently carinate, this also being a unique feature.
The punctuation of the elytra and abdomen is minute and
very close-set, the pubescence short but conspicuous.
The species serving for this diagnosis is one sent me re-
cently from Egypt by Mr. Eeitter, under the name beduinus
Nord. In spite of its conspicuous eyes it is probably virtually
blind. It is evident, on considering the strongly and eccen-
trically dilated anterior tarsi and general facies, that Platy-
prosopus is a very aberrant member of the present tribe,
forming one of its bonds with PinopJiilus.
Subtribe Xantholini.
This subtribe of almost mundane distribution embraces by
far the greater part of the tribe. From such evidence as is
available its numerous genera appear to be clearly delimited
and in no way opinionative, which suggests a comparatively
great antiquity for the subtribe as a whole. It possesses this
character in common with the Paederini and Pinophilini, in
contrast with the Stenini and some other groups, which seem
to be in a more decidedly mutative state at the present time.
One of the most striking features of the subtribe under con-
sideration and one by which its genera can always be recog-
nized at a glance, is the very remarkable and almost unique
form of the elytral suture, the double beveling giving the
effect of gemination as explained in the table of subtribes.
This character is found elsewhere only in the Araeocnemes
and Metoponci, but to a much less developed degree. The
middle coxae are more or less widely separated as a rule,
sometimes very remotely so as in Leptolinus, but in Idiolinus
they become contiguous, so that the contiguity of the coxae,
which prompted LeConte to place the minute floridanus in
Metoponcus, is therefore not necessarily a bar to its reception
within the subtribe Xantholini. Those genera having a
smooth pronotum, devoid of the medial dorsal series charac-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 365
terizing the majority, seem to be characteristic of the warm-
er parts of North and South America, and it is therefore
rather surprising to find the European fauna possessed of a
genus of this particular group, composed of several species
wholly foreign to the new world, excepting one — the Eulissus
fulgidus^ of Fabricius, — which has been artificially introduced.
The following twenty-four genera are differentiated and
characterized principally by structure of the maxillary palpi,
form of the side margin of the prothorax and of the gular
sutures, structure of the basal part of the antennal funicle,
degree of separation of the middle coxae and form of the an-
terior tarsi, the hind tarsi varying but slightly throughout.
They may be briefly outlined as follows : —
Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi long, never very much shorter than the
third ; anterior tarsi alwavs slender, subglabrous beneath 2
Fourth joint small, much shorter than the third, and, at base, conspicuously
narrower, conical and acuminate or aciculate and usually more
oblique 19
2 — Fourth joint stouter at base and less conspicuously narrower than the
third 3
Fourth joint more slender, its base much narrower than the tip of the third
joint; side margin of the prothorax as in Xantholinus 16
3 — Pronotum without dorsal punctures; middle coxae always distinctly
separated ; gular sutures united 4
Pronotum with dorsal punctures which are always sparse and for the most
part arranged in a few series 10
4 — Second antennal joint much shorter than the third; side margin of the
prothorax deflexed anteriorly from the middle or posterior thereto;
species usually large in size 5
Second and third anteanal joints equal, each slightly elongate but not a9
long as the next two combined, nearly as in Xantholinus, the thoracic
side margin only feebly deflexed toward tip as in that genus 9
6 — Neck nearly half as wide as the head 6
Neck narrow, about a fourth as wide as the head 8
6 — Antennae very small, with the basal joint relatively much elongated
and fully two -thirds as long as the remainder; middle coxae rather
small, narrow, very widely separated; body large, subimpuactate, gen-
erally metallic blue or green in color, the elytra with very few punc-
tures, the abdomen distinctly though sparsely punctured; epistoma
subcoriaceous and testaceous in color, separated from the front by a
feeble transversely arcuate depression; labrum small, deeply sinuate at
the middle; mandibles not impressed externally; maxillary palpi mod-
erate, the fourth joint scarcely longer than the third, obliquely and
obtusely acuminate only toward apex; under surface of the head flat-
tened, the lateral margins but feebly prominent beneath, the sides
366 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
convex, not impressed, the ba^al angles rounded; median frontal
grooves represented by feeble punctiform impressions at some distance
behind the epistoma, the lateral oblique or ocular grooves short but
more distinct; prosternum very short before the coxae; thoracic side
margin gradually and evenly dtfl.-xed anteriorly from behind the middle,
remaining rather distant from the lower margin even at apex; hind
tarsi short and rather slender, with the first four joints regularly de-
creasing in length. Neotropical regions *Dinolinii8
Antennae normal, as long as the head or longer, the basal joint much less
than half as long as the remainder; middle coxae larger and less re-
motely separated ; body much smaller in size and of more slender form,
the side margin of the prothorax strongly deflexed anteriorly from
behind the middle, becoming very narrowly separated from the lower
margin toward apex; fourth joint of ibe maxillary palpi spiudie-form,
distinctly longer than the third, obtusely narrowed only toward tip;
mandibles unimpressed externally 7
7— Epistoma rather large, parallel-sided, with its apex truncate and its
upper surface impressed; middle pair of frontal grooves short, double;
punctures of the head moderately coarse, normal, not forming grooves,
the sides evenly convex from the upper to the lower surface, the basal
angles evenly rounded; elytra not punctured in definite series. Mexico.
*Sanrohypnus
Epistoma small, gradually enlarged from base to the truncate apex, the two
duplex grooves of the front long and conspicuous, the oblique ocular
grooves short but deep; punctures of the head extremely coarse and
deep, subcoalescing into longitudinal grooves toward and on the
flanks, the latter otherwise evenly convex from the upper to the under
surface, the basal angles, however, not evenly rounded but obtusely
subprorainent; elytra each with a distinct medial series of punctures.
Europe, — also occurring in America by accidental introduction.
Ealissns
8 — Body much more depressed, polished, sutaimpunctate, the head trun-
cate at base with the angles not rounded, though scarcely at all promi-
nent, the mandibles not grooved externally, the epistoma very short,
broadly truncate at tip, the median pair of frontal grooves long, deep,
strongly converging posteriorly, the median line thence deeply grooved
almost to the base, the short subsidiary grooves outside of the median
pair at apex fine and diverging as in the two preceding genera; ocular
grooves very coarse, deep, longitudinal, extending almost half way to
the base, Impressed; sides of the head obliquely flattened and with fine
punctuation, the under surface fiat, with coarse impressed lateral
grooves which are bounded externally by a tumid line; last joint of the
maxillary palpi scarcely as long as the third, spindle -form, rather nar-
rower than usual, parallel, becoming obtusely acuminate only toward
tip; elytra not distinctly punctured; side margins of the prothorax
rather abruptly deflexed anteriorly from somewhat before the middle,
coming very close to the lower margin at apex. Central America.
*Hoinalolinn«
9 — Body rather stout, parallel and convex, much smaller in size, the head
broadly, feebly arcuate at base with the angles narrowly rounded, im-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 367
punctate, the sides somewhat flattened, with a large setigerous fovea
posteriorly just before the basal angles, the flattened part bounded be-
neath by a feebly prominent longitudinal ridge; epistoma small, short,
truncate; inner frontal grooves long but fine, parallel, the oblique
ocular grooves coarse, deep and well developed; mandibles not grooved
externally; fourth palpal joint much longer than the third, rather
strongly acuminate in apical half; elytra subserially and distinctly
punctured. Central America *XaiithohypiiU8
10 — Side margin of the prothorax rapidly deflexed anteriorly from near
the middle and united with the lower margin somewhat before the
middle; sides of the head not modified behind the eyes, the basal angles
rounded; gular sutures united; maxillary palpi with the fourth joint
about equal in length to the third, rather obtusely accuminate toward
tip; mandioles narrowly and deeply grooved externally; antennae with
the secou 1 and third joints equal or subequal, each but slightly elongate
and somewhat rounded; median pair of frontal grooves long and strong,
feebly converging, the oblique ocular grooves short and feeble; punc-
tures normal; neck two-fifths as wide as the head; middle coxae well
separated; basal joint of the hind tarsi shorter than the wecond; body
rather large in size. Europe and North America Nndobins
Side margin of the prothorax gradually and only feebly deflexed anteriorly,
remaining distant from the lower margin to the apex; basal angles of
the head rounded as a rule; mandibles grooved externally 11
11— Middle coxae distinctly separated as usual; neck two-fifths as wide as
the head 12
Middle coxae contiguous; neck very slightly narrower; third antennal joint
abnormal 15
12 — Second and third antennal joints equal in length or nearly so, each
rather distinctly elongate but shorter than the fourth and fifth com-
bined IS
Second antennal joint slightly elongated, much shorter than the third, the
latter evenly obconical and about equal in length to the next two com-
bined 1*
13 — Maxillary palpi of the usual form, elongate, the fourth joint spindle-
form, acuminate only toward tip, as long as the third joint or nearly so;
gular sutures united; epistoma minute, truncate at tip; median frontal
grooves strong, slightly converging, the ocular feeble ;' punctures coarse,
normal; basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the second or nearly so;
species rather large. Europe and Pacific coast of America.. Xantholinns
Maxillary palpi normally slender but with the third joint shorter than in
Xantholinus, the fourth very much longer than the third and acutely con-
ical; second and third antennal joints relatively smaller, the forraerfre-
quently slightly the larger of the two and more rounded than in Xa7i-
tholimis; epistoma very small, truncate ; median frontal grooves moder-
ate, parallel, the oblique ocular rather distinct; punctures normal but
less coarse than in Xantholinus; gular sutures arcuately converging,be-
coming extremely approximate only behind the middle; first four joints
of the hind tarsi decreasing very gradually in length ; body generally
smaller and more slender than in Xantholinus . Palaearcticand Nearctic
regions Gyrohypnng
368 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Maxillary palpi shorter and stouter, compressed, the very short, obtusely
conical fourth joint evidently shorter than the third; antennae nearly as
in XantholinuB, the epistoma shorter but much broader, truncate; median
frontal grooves strong, parallel, the ocular subobsolete; gular sutures
arcuately converging, fine, becoming very approximate behind the
middle; head rounded at base; punctures extremely fine and sparse
throughout, the integuments highly polished; hind tarsi with the two
basal joints equal. North America (Souoran regions) Xestolinns
U— Body moderately large, the head well developed, nearly as in XanfAo-
linus and larger than in Gyrohypnus, the gular sutures united from well
before the middle to the base; epistoma small, truncate; maxillary palpi
with the third joint shorter than in Xantholinus, the fourth much
longer, stouter than in Gyrohypnus and acuminate only in apical half;
median frontal grooves well developed, parallel, the ocular grooves
obsolete and represented by feeble depressions near the eyes; punc-
tures normal, rather coarse; hind tarsi with the first two joints equal.
Subtropical Altantlc North America Lissohypnui
15 — Body moderately stout and rather smaller, the elytra less developed
than usual, the head broadly rounded basally, the eyes rather small;
antennae unusually stout, the third joint as long as the next two com-
bined, constricted toward base and strongly dilated apically, peduncu-
late and much longer than the second; maxillary palpi with the third and
fourth joints elongate, the latter unusually slender for the present group
and gradually narrowed to the obtuse apex almost throughout, some-
what shorter than the third; gular sutures fine, arcuately converging,
becoming very approximate toward base; median frontal and oblique
ocular grooves fine, subequal in length and visibility; punctures fine
and sparse, the integuments polished; hind tarsi more slender and
elongate than usual, the first joint scarcely as long as the second.
Euro'pe *IdioIinus
16 — Pronotal punctures as in the preceding genera, very sparse and disposed
in a few more or less irregular series 17
Pronotal punctures confused in arrangement and usually much more nura-
10
erous *"
17 Frontal grooves very long, deep and conspicuous, the oblique ocular
grooves as long and conspicuous as the median; fourth palpal joint
subcylindric, very slender, usually quite distinctly shorter than the third
and only moderately oblique in insertion; mandibles grooved externally
as usual; gular sutures uniting just behind the middle and thence
•coarse and single to the base; under surface of the head longitudinally
impressed near the sides, the impression bounded externally by an ob-
tusely rounded ridge; second antennal joint longer and thicker than the
third, the outer joints only moderately thick as in Xantholinus; tarsi
obviously thickened toward base; punctures of the head and pronotum
very few in number but remarkably coarse. Palaearctic and Nearctic
regions Leptacinns
Frontal grooves shorter and finer, the oblique ocular shorter and much
fainter than the median; antennae similar; fourth palpal joint equally
slender but more conical, slightly shorter to somewhat longer than the
third and strongly oblique in insertion; gular sutures finer, arcuate,
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 369
becoming very approximate but generally not quite united at base;
under surface without a longitudinal impression at the sides, the latter
obtusely subprominent interiorly due simply to the flattening of the
general under surface; tarsi more slender and filiform; punctures of the
head and pronotum much less coarse, the latter more numerous in the
series. Palaearctic and Nearctic regions Leptaclnodes
18 — Antennae nearly as in Leptacinus, the second joint visibly longer but
scarcely thicker than the third, both slightly elongite; fourth palpal
joint long, slender, somewhat longer than the third as a rule but conical
and gradually, acutely pointed; gular sutures fine, arcuate, uniting
near the base; sides of the head not modified; frontal grooves rather
short, moderately distinct, subparallel, the ocular grooves wholly
obsolete; punctures only moderately coarse but very numerous on the
head and pronotum; species rather small, similar in size and form to
Leptacinodes and rather smaller as a rule than in Leptacinus. Nearctic
regions Stictolinus
Antennae well developed, the second joint much elongated, nearly equaling
the next three combined, the third about equally slender, slightly elon-
gate, the outer joints stouter than in Leptacimis and more compactly
joined; fourth palpal joint very slender, aciculate and oblique, as long
as the preceding or nearly so; gular sutures very fine, arcuate, most
approximate at base, where they are still distinctly separated; sides of
the head broadly convex, unmodified, the basal angles broadly rounded;
neck slightly more than a third as wide as the head, nearly as in Sticto-
linus; median pair of frontal grooves short and almost completely ob-
solete, the ocular grooves very oblique, deep and conspicuous, departing
from the general rule; punctures of the head and pronotum fine and
rather sparse, very inconspicuous; body very small, slender, convex
and parallel, the abdomen convex and more strongly sculptured than
usual; legs slender, the tarsi filiform. Pacific coast of America
Habrolinns
19 — Anterior tarsi slender and undilated, glabrous beneath or with a few
sparse bristles; side margins of the prothorax and hypomera as in
Xantholimis 20
Anterior tarsi broadly dilated, e^ipecially in the male, densely clothed be-
neath with white papulosa pubescence; side margins of the prothorax
distinct throughout, these and the hypomera as in Qyrohypnus and
related genera; pronotum with dorsal series, the surface thence antero-
laterally with irregularly scattered and very sparse punctures; middle
coxae more or less narrowly separated; body polished, with distinct
sparse punctures, the head above and beneath and pronotum minutely
strigilate in transverse wavy lines or with some modification of this
sculpture ; gular sutures feebly arcuate, becoming confluent at or slightly
behind the middle; sides of the head scarcely at all modified, almost
evenly convex, the punctures generally sparser along the middle of the
convexity; antennae moderate, only slightly thickened distally, the third
joint generally a little longer than the second; neck about two-flftha
as wide as the head ; tibiae spinulose as usual 25
Anterior tarsi broadly dilated in both sexes and clothed densely beneakt
370 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
vrith spongy pubescence; lateral bead of the protfaorax only visible to-
ward base, wholly obliterated anteriorly 26
20 — Prosternum shorter and less developed before the coxae, its posterior
margin broadly angulate as usual, the angulatioa cuspidiforra; head
never more than feebly modified at the sides, the basal angles
rounded 21
Prosternum larger before the coxae, arcuato-truncate behind under the
latter, its surface evenly and feebly convex throughout and wholly de-
void of carina at any part, the hyporaera not inwardly dilated anteriorly;
head with an obtusely rounded, polished and irapunctate longitudinal
line from the eyes posteriorly as in Hesperolinus 24
21 — Prosternum not carinate, somewhat narrowed auleriorly by the in-
wardly dilated hypomera; basal joint of the hind tarsi longer than the
second; antennae stouter than usual and more compact toward tip, with
the basal joint relatively much longer, the punctuation flue 22
Prosternum carinate along the middle, not narrowed anteriorly by an
inward development of the hypomera; basal joint of the hind tarsi
about equal in length to the second; antennae never more than moder-
ately stout 23
22 — Anterior acgles of the prothoi'ax obsolete nearly as in Hahrolinus, broadly
roundtd, the sides subparaliel; body smaller and extremely slender;
antennae somewhat as in Habrolinus, the second joint slender and un-
usually elongate, longer than the next two combined, the third obtrape-
zoidal and slightly longer than wide, the outer joints very compact and
much thickened, the tenth two and one-half times as wide as long;
palpi nearly as in Lithocharodes, the very oblique fourth joint extremely
slender, aciculate and two -thirds as long as the third; inner pair of
frontal grooves short, broadly and feebly impr'jssed, parallel and very
indistinct, the ocular obsolete and represented by a small rounded
punctiform depi'ession at the inner margin of the eyes; gular sutures
very fine, feebly, evenly arcuate, gradually and feebly converging
throughout to the base, where they are mi)st approximate but still dis-
tinctly separated; legs slender. Nearctic Atlantic regions.
Nematolinas
Anterior angles of the prothorax rather distinct, the sides converging thence
to the base; second antennal joint but litile longer than the third, both
distinctly elongated, the third equaling the fourth and fifth combined;
third palpal joint only moderately elongate, the fourth small, slender,
acutely conical, oblique and rather mtne than half as long as the third;
gular sutures fine, approaching each other to the middle or before the
latter, and thence parallel and extremely approximate to the base; eyes
moderate; median pair of frontal grooves fine, rather short and par-
allel, the oblique ocular subobsolete; neck but little more than a fourth
as wide as the head; body only moderately slender. Tropical and Sub-
tropical Atlantic North and South America LithocharodeB
28 — Body larger as a rule than in the two preceding genera, the head well
developed, the third joint of the maxillary palpi elongate, enlarged dis-
tally, the fourth small, generally about one-half as long as the third,
slender, conical and oblique; gular sutures arcuate, becoming ex-
tremely approximate from rather before the middle to the base; sculp-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 371
ture stronger than in Leiolinus; antennae moderately thick, the outer
joints moderately transverse and somewhat compactly joined, the second
and third more or less distinctly elongate and equal or nearly so, each
notably narrower and longer than the fourth; median frontal grooves
short, feeble, subparallel and not very conspicuous, the oblique ocular
grooves subobsolete or very feeble, Nearciic Pacific coast.
Hesperolinns
24 — Body still larger than in Hesperolinus; hind tarsi with the first two
joints equal in length; punctuation of the head and pronotum very floe
and somewhat sparse, the former with the basal angles broadJy rounded ;
eyes small; frontal grooves short but broadly impressed and distinct,
arcuately converging, the oblique ocular grooves shorter, straight and
rather distinctly impressed; antennae longer than usual and loose, but
little enlarged apically, the second and third joints equal, more or less
elongate and generally narrower thougb perceptibly longer than
the fourth; third palpal joint much elongated, the fourth very
short, only slightly oblique, rather slender but obtusely subconical;
gular sutures very fine, arcuate, becoming extremely approximate but
not united from before the middle ; tarsi very slender, filiform . Sonoran
regions of America Leiolinas
25 — Frontal grooves long and deeply impressed; fourth joint of the maxil-
lary palpi slender, aciculate, about three-fourths as long as the third;
labrum deeply emarginate; dorsal series of the pronolum always regular
and composed of about six punctures; hind tarsi witb the first four
joints subequal, each but little longer than wide, the fifth about as long
as the three preceding combined. South Africa "^Notolinvs
Frontal grooves always very feeble and usually much shorter; fourth joint
of the maxillary palpi shorter, strongly conical, generally but little
more than half as long as the third; labrum less emarginate; dorsal
series of the pronotum irregular and composed of a greater number of
punctures; hind tarsi slightly more elongate, the first two or three
joints much longer than wide and decreasing uniformly in length.
South Africa °^Notolinopsig
26 — Body moderately convex and slender, parallel, not very coarsely but
densely punctured, the punctures of the elytra arranged without order;
head oblong, rather depressed, not modified at the sides, the basal
angles rounded ; median frontal grooves obsolete, represented by feeble
cariniform converging lines, the ocular grooves wholly obsolete; eyes
small; antennae well developed, the basal joint distinctly more than
half as long as the remainder, the outer joints only moderately thick-
ened, the second and third equal in length, much elongated, each some-
what longer than the fourth and fifth combined; maxillary palpi
unusually elongate, the fourth joint small, oblique, slender and acicu-
late; gular sutures uniting at a short distance behind the oral cavity and
thence continuing as a very fine single line to the base; neck unusually
Blender, about a fifth as wide as the head ; prosternum long and well
developed before the coxae, the surface almost evenly and feebly con-
vex, the hind margin cusped at the middle as usual; hind tarsi moder-
ately slender, the basal joint slightly longer than the second; middle
372 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
coxae more widely separated than usual. Palaearctic and Nearctlc Atlan-
tic regions Leptolinns
The two following genera are attached provisionally to the
Xantholini. They are founded upon the original and wholly
inadequate descriptions of Le Conte and consequentlymay be
greatly out of place. My only excuse for publishing them at
this time is because their type species cannot be assigned satis-
factorily to any of the other genera thus far proposed : —
Body very minute, tlie palpi, antennae and front tarsi as in Leptolinus; head
rather convex, the base truncate with the angles narrowly rounded;
punctures of the head and pronotum small in size, sparsely scattered;
middle coxae not examined. Nearctic Atlantic regions. \^= Leptolinus
Lee. nee Kr.] ...MicrolinuB
Body minute, subcylindric; head convex, narrowed in front, the base trun-
cate, the surface distinctly but not densely punctate toward the sides;
antennae somewhat longer than the head, with the outer joints gradu-
ally much thickened; maxillary palpi with the fourth joint very small,
acicular; middle coxae contiguous; front tarsi not dilated; prothorax
distinctly though not densely punctured, with a broad smooth dorsal
line; sutural "stria" of the elytra obsolete. Florida. \^ = Metoponcus
Lee. nee Kr.] Oligolinns
It will be noted that the genera of the above table from
DinoUuus to Xanfhohypnus, have the prouotum smooth and
wholly devoid of the dorsal series of punctures, that those
from Nudohius to Leptacinodes have some sparse dorsal
punctures arranged for the greater part in a few more or less
irregular series, and those from Stictolinus to Leptolinus have
the pronotal punctures confused throughout the surface, ex-
cept along a rather wide smooth median line and more close-
set as a rule, except in the South African JSfotoliniis and No-
tolinopsis. The significance of this pronotal sculpture is
shown in many ways, as for example in the mandibles, those
genera without dorsal punctures having the mandibles convex
and unmodified externally, while those with dorsal punctu-
ation, embracing all the other genera of the table, have them
deeply grooved. The importance of this mandibular char-
acter, which is thus correlated with the absence of dorsal
punctuation, will be recognized at once. The foreign genera
indicated by asterisks in the table may be referred to as
follows : —
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 373
DiNOLiNus u. gen. — This genus is founded upon the large
and brilliant blue-green polished species described by Erich-
son under the name Xantholinus chalybeus. The Mexican
examples before me do not depart enough from Erichson's
description of the Brazilian type to warrant separation with-
out actual comparison, although there are probably diver-
gencies of at least a varietal nature in a species of such wide
distribution. The genus Dinolinus will apparently include
also the Xantholinus rutilus of Perty.
Saurohypnus Shp. — Although closely allied to ^wZmw«,
differing principally in the formation of the labrura and epi-
stoma, rather more widely separated antennae and system of
cephalic and elytral sculpture, it seems apparent that these
distinctive characters constitute a necessity for generic sepa-
ation. Sauvoliypnu^i is apparently confined to the elevated
regions of northern and central Mexico and is composed of
moderately large, slender and convex species. It is greatly
out of place in the systematic arrangement adopted in the
Biologia. The only species actually known to me in nature
may be described as follows: —
Parallel, rather strongly convex, polished, black, the palpi, entire elytra,
apical half of the fifth and entire sixth ventrals, rufous, the legs and
antennae piceous-black with the tarsi pale; head large, oblong, behind
the antennae but little longer than wide, parallel and nearly straight at
the sides, the basal angles broadly rounded; punctures rather coarse
and close-set throughout the upper surface, without an impunctate
median line and having a very large puncture above each eye; sides
wholly unmodified and evenly convex ; under surface rather coarsely,
moderately closely punctate throughout, the punctures — like those of
the upper surface — mingled with smaller punctures and somewhat
elongate in form; antennae but little longer than the head, the penulti-
mate joint one-half wider than long; mandibles moderately thick, arcu-
ate, convex and wholly devoid of groove externally; prothorax two-
fifths longer than wide, four-fifths as wide as the head, the apical
angles scarcely at all rounded, the sides distinctly converging pos-
teriorly throughout, feebly sinuate behind the middle; disk having nu-
merous punctures toward the extreme lateral margins, a group of three
large punotur«s near each apical angle, from which several smaller ones
stream posteriorly In a short longitudinal line, and others scattered
along the oblique apical margins ; elytra longer than wide, parallel, as
long as the prothorax and distinctly wider but not quite as wide as the
headj the punctures distinct, rather close -set and only feebly subliaear
in arrangement throughout, with the usual smooth polished lin« along
374 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the summit of the deflexed flanks; abdomea parallel, narrower than
the elytra, distinctly and rather sparsely punctured throughout.
Length 11.0 ram.; width 1.4 ;mm. Mexico (Guanajuato), — Dr. Dug^s.
dngesi n. sp.
This species, sent me many years ago, appears to differ
from scuteUaris, the type of the genus, in having the tip of
the abdomen red and in its somewhat smaller size. The
scutellum has five or six coarse close-set punctures as in
scuteUaris.
HoMALOLiNUS Shp. — This genus comprises a number of
neotropical species of very depressed form and rather large
size, living under the bark of dead trees. The species serv-
ing as the type of the description given in the table may be
described as follows : —
Elongate, depressed, parallel, polished, deep black throughout, the entire
fifth and sixth abdominal segments rufous, the legs black, with the tarsi
rufous though becoming blackish toward base, the antennae blaek or
blackish, with the pubescence cinereous; head behind the antennae but
little longer than wide, impunctate, except a transverse line of punc-
tures at the extreme base, with a median canaliculation bifurcating
anteriorly and a short deep groove at each side; sides nearly straight,
parallel, the basal angles but slightly more than right and not at all
rounded; flanks behind the eyes rather finely and densely punctate, this
punctured area not at all definitely limited above or below; under sur-
face impunctate, except near the deep lateral longitudinal grooves;
prothorax much shorter than the head and three-fourths as wide, the
apical angles rounded, the sides converging posteriorly throughout,
sinuate just behind the apical angles; elytra longer than wide, with
diverging sides, about as long as the prothorax, toward apex distinctly
wider, impunctate; abdomen evidently narrower than the elytra,
parallel, sparsely punctate toward the sides. Length 14.8 mm.; width
2.0 mm. Guatemala, — G. W. Bock atroniteus n. sp.
Resembles the Colombian canaliculatus Er., the type of
the genus, but larger, with the entire fifth ventral rufous and
differing in several other characters.
Xanthohypnus u. gen. — The type of this genus is the
very isolated species described by Dr. Sharp (Biol. Cent.
Amer., Vol. 1, Pt. 2, p. 476), under the name Xantholinus
strigiceps. It is deep black in color and of singularly com-
pact, parallel and convex form. The short longitudinal
scratches toward the sides of the head, which become still
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 375
more distinct and close-set throughout the entire under sur-
face, seem to be peculiar to this particular generic type and
1 know of no other species which can be associated with it at
present. The original description states that the prothorax
has three punctures at each side near the "posterior" an-
gles;— anterior angles was the expression evidently intended
by the author.
Idiolinus n. gen. — That the true generic status of the
Xantholinus crassicornis, of Hochhuth, should have been
overlooked thus far by European observers, seems rather un-
accountable, for it constitutes one of the most isolated genera
among the allies of Xantholinusy as shown by the contiguous
middle coxae and abnormal antennae. I am unable to state
at present whether other described European species can
enter the genus or not, the diagnosis of the table having been
taken from two specimens of crassicornis, recently sent to
me by Mr. Reitter.
NoTOLiNUS n. gen. — This genus and the following consti-
tute the most abundant type of South African Staphylinidae
and are both represented by vpry numerous species, the nine
that I collected in a few weeks within seventy-five miles of
Cape Town in 1882, being probably only a small proportion
of those occurring there. The two genera resemble each
other somewhat strongly in outward habitus, which differs
marvelously little from that of some common Gyrohypni,
such as hamatus, though on closer examination the palpi
and widely dilated tarsi, in connection with type of sculpture,
prove them to be wholly isolated and a peculiar type devel-
oped in the southern regions of Africa. The four species
before me may be described as follows : —
Head less elongate, coarsely, very sparsely puuctuied, distinctly enlarged
basally, with broadly rounded basal angles; species of larger size.... 2
Head narrower and more elongate, parallel at the sides, with rather less
broadly rounded basal angles and smaller, though moderately coarse
and equally sparse punctures; body usually much smaller in size and
more slender in form 3
2 — Stout, parallel, rather convex, polished, black, the anterior parts with
feeble bronze reflection, the abdomen slightly picescent; legs and an-
tennae biackish-piceous, the tarsi paler; elytra slightly paler along the
apical margin; head behind the antennae barely as long as wide; frontal
376 Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.
grooves slightly converging, the ocular represented in great part by a
large puncture above each eye; vertex broadly impunctate along the
middle; prothorax only about a fifih longer than wide, narrovyer than
the head, the anterior angles rounded; sides only very slightly converg-
ing, feebly sinuate toward the middle, the base unusually broad,
rounded, only slightly narrower than the base of the elytra, the serial
punctures coarse; elytra but little longer than wide, a little longer than
the prothorax, wider than the latter and somewhat wider than th<j head,
subparallel; punctnres rather strong and sparse, irregular, with two
partial series externally and a smooth line along the summit of the
flanks and thencemoderateIyclosely,irregolarly punctured to the lower
margin ; abdomen only slightly narrower than the elytra, very minutely
strigilate, finely, sparsely punctulate, with a narrow median impunc-
tate area. Length 7.6 mm.; width 1.18 mm. Cape Town.
grossnlns a. sp.
Btout but less so than the preceding, similar iu coloration, except that the
black is not bronied and the elytra are pale luteo-flavate, becoming
gradually and increasingly Infumate with blackish- piceous from about
apical third or fourth to the base; head convex, behind the antennae as
long as wide, the frontal grooves converging as in grossulut and similar
otherwise; prothorax a little narrower, more elongate and more strongly
narrowed from the rounded apical angles to the base, which is rounded
and very distinctly narrower than the base of the elytra, the sides nearly
straight, the serial punctures strong; elytra slightly elongate, subpar-
allel, distinctly wider than the prothorax, as long as the latter iu the
female but slightly shorter in the male, much wider than the head in
the former but not so obviously in the latter sex, the punctuation nearly
similar to that of groasulus, though perhaps sparser as a whole and
rather more condensed along the suture; abdomen narrower, distinctly
narrower than the elytra, simlliarly punctured. Length 6.5-7.25 mm.;
width 0.9-1.0 mm. Wellington famipenuis n. sp.
8 — Body more slender than in the two preceding species, black, shining,
the elytra generally black, sometimes paler; the legs and antennae
blackish-piceous, the tarsi paler; head behind the antennae as long as
wide in the male, smaller and somewhat more elongate in the female,
distinctly though not so coarsely, very remotely punctate, with the usual
broad smooth area along the middle, the under surface more finely,
very sparsely punctate; prothorax elongate, one-third to two-fifths
longer than wide, fully as wide as the head In the female, and nearly as
wide in the male, the apical angles broadly rounded, the sides only very
feebly converging and nearly straight thence to the base; punctures of
the dorsal series strong; elytra quadrate in the male, somewhat elon-
gate in the female, more.distinctly wider than the prothorax in the latter,
where the two are equal in length, the elytra relatively shorter in the
male; punctures rather numerous and coarse, forming two irregular
series externally except toward tip; abdomen rather distinctly narrower
than the elytra, finely, sparsely punctulate, except along the middle as
usual. Length 5.8-6.2 mm. ; width 0.78-0.85 mm. Cape Town and
Wellington hottentotus Sachse
Body equally slender and still smaller, dark piceous to blackish in color,
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 377
the elytra always somewhat paler and piceo-rufous; legs and antennae
blackish-piceous, the tarsi paler; head behind the antennae quadrate,
very sparsely and rather finely punctured toward the sides, the eyes
moderately developed and t-lightly convex as usual; under surface finely,
sparsely punctate; prothorax as wide as the head to a little wider, much
less elongate than in the preceding and with the sides more strongly
converging from the broadly rounded apical angles and nearly straight,
about a fourth longer than wide, the serial punctures moderately coarse ;
elytra equal in length to the prothorax to distinctly longer, slightly
wider than the latter and much wider than the head, punctured nearly
as in hottentotus but still more sparsely ; abdomen slightly narrower than
the elytra, sparsely punctulate as usual. Length 4.3-4.8 mm. ; width
0.65-0.7 mm. Cape Town and Wellington parras n. sp.
Of hottentotus I have a female from Cape Town and a
male from Wellington, the former satisfying the original
description in being black throughout, but the latter, while
differing in its stouter form, broader head, shorter elytra and
other characters due to sex, has the elytra decidedly pale
piceo-rufous and more strongly punctate. There may be
two closely allied species involved but the material before me
is too limited to permit of decision on this point at present.
I have been unable to recognize the Xantholinus fallax, of
Sachse, this species being black, polished, with the prothorax
almost parallel and subequal in length to the elytra.
NoTOLiNOPSis n. gen. — The resemblance between this
genus and the last is very noticeable and the similarity is
augmented by some of the principal structural peculiarities of
Kotoliniis, such as general minute surface sculpture, widely
dilated anterior tarsi and other characters, but the form of
the fourth palpal joint and frontal grooves differs so greatly
as to leave but little doubt of the generic difference, especially
in conjunction with certain constant differences in the punc-
tuation, the series of thepronotum, for example, never being
regular as they are in JSTotolinus, but always composed of
more numerous punctures, which are irregularly disposed in
a longitudinal direction throughout the length in the posi-
tion occupied by the regular series of jSfotolinus, and the punc-
tures of the elytra are more numerous and evenly, though ir-
regularly, scattered throughout, without sublateral series. In
addition, the surface of the head beneath is flatterin JVotoUnus
and rather more abruptly limited at the sides, and the labrum
378 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louts.
appears to differ, being less deeply emarginate or less strongly
bilobed in N'oioUnopsis. The species in my cabinet number
five at present and they may be defined as follows : —
Frontal grooves long, though feebly impressed extending well behind the
transverse line limiting the eyes anteriorly. Body larger, moderately
slender and convex, shining, black, the abdomen slightly picescent, the
elytra not paler; legs and antennae blackish-piceous, the tarsi pale;
head of the female behind the antennae somewhat longer than wide,
the eyes rather small, the punctures coarse and very remotely scattered
toward the sides; prothorax a fourth longer than wide, scarcely nar-
rower than the head, the anterior angles narrowly rounded, the sides
very distinctly converging and nearly straight thence to the base;
dorsal punctures strong, very sparsely disposed antero-laterally; elytra
ample, rather longer than wide, as long as the prothorax and distinctly
wider, slightly wider than the head, the sides diverging from the base;
punctures sparse but strong, evenly distributed; abdomen parallel, nar-
rower than the elytra, finely, sparsely punctulate except along the mid-
dle. Length 7.0 mm; width 1.05 mm. Wellington incaltns n. sp.
Frontal grooves very short as well as feeble ; species smaller in size 2
2 — Elytra ample, as long as the prothorax, or, in the male, but little short-
er, the sides diverging from the base 3
Elytra much shorter than the prothorax in both sexes, the sides sensibly di-
verging from the base 4
3 — Body larger and stouter, polished, rufo-piceous in color, the elytra
somewhat paler, the antennae fuscous, the legs pale rufo-piceous; head
behind the antennae about as long as wide, dilated toward base in the
male, smaller and parallel in the female, the eyes relatively smaller in the
former, the punctures coarse and sparse toward the sides; third anten-
nal joint but slightly longer than the second, the under surface finely
and sparsely punctate toward the sides, impunctate toward the median
line and base; prothorax large, especially in the male, as wide as the
head in both sexes, a third to two-fifths longer than wide, the apical
angles very distinct and narrowly rounded, the sides thence strongly
converging to the base and almost straight, the puncture very sparse
as usual and only moderately coarse; elytra rather longer than wide
much wider than the head in the female and slightly so in the male,
a little shorter than the prothorax in the latter but equal in the female,
the punctures rather close -set throughout; abdomen finely, sparsely
punctulate as usual. Length 5.8 mm; width 0.9 mm. Wellington.
latitarsis n. sp.
Body very slender, black, the elytra dark rufo-piceous, the antennae fuscous,
the lege blackish-piceous, with the tarsi pale; head narrower, behind the
antennae longer than wide, parallel and straight at the sides, the punc-
tures rather small and widely scattered toward the sides, the under sur-
face finely, sparsely punctate throughout except toward base; antennae
as in latitarsis though more slender; prothorax scarcely as wide as the
head, two-fifths longer than wide, the anterior angles rather broadly
rounded, the sides thence distinctly converging and broadly, medially
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 379
siDuate to the base; punctures sparse, fine and rather feeble ; elytra
longer than wide, as long as the prothorax and slightly wider, the
punctures rather fine but close-set throughout, except along the upper
part of the deflexed flanks, where there is the usual polished impunc-
tate line; abdomen nearly as wide as the elytra, inconspicuously punc-
tulate as usual. Length 5.0 mm.; width 0.73 mm. Wellington.
lauguidns n. sp.
4 — Form stout, parallel, shining, dark rufo-piceous throughout, the legs
and antennae pale; head in the male large, gradually dilated toward
base, with ihe eyes small, in the female a little narrower, parallel, with
the eyes larger, the basal angles unusually broadly rounded in both
sexes, the punctures very fine, remotely scattered toward the sides;
third antennal joint notably longer than the second; prothorax large
in the male, much smaller and shorter in the female, scarcely narrower
than the head in the former, distinctly so in the latter, a fourth to nearly
two-fifths longer than wide, the sides strongly converging and the apical
angles rather broadly rounded, the punctures rather fiaeand sparse but
distinct; elytra scarcely as long as wide, much shorter and slightly
wider than the prothorax, the punctures rather fine but strong and close-
set throughout; abdomen broader than usual, about equal in width to
the elytra, finely, sparsely punctulate. Length 5.9 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
Cape Town capensis n. sp.
Form moderately stout, parallel, shining, smaller in size, rufo-piceous
throughout, the legs and antennae paler; head behind the antennae
rather longer than wide, parallel, the basal angles moderately rounded;
punctures fine and somewhat close-set laterally, wanting almost through-
out the width anteriorly, the antennae nearly as in the preceding species ;
prothorax two-fifths longer than wide, equal in width to the head, the
apex sabtruncate, the apical angles very distinct and only narrowly
rounded, the sides rather strongly conrerging; base subcircularly
rounded, the punctures fine and sparse; elytra and abdomen nearly as
in capensis. Length 6.6 ram.; width 0.8 mm. Cape Town.
(liligeus n. sp.
The more sharply annulate basal angles of the head and
apical angles of the prothorax and general form of the head
serve to distinguish diligens from capensis, the type of the
former being apparently a male.
Eulissus Mann.
The genus Eulissus appears to be the only one devoid of
dorsal pronotal series of punctures known thus far to the
palaearctic fauna. These structural types are numerous in
the warmer parts of North and South America and Eulissus
is approached most closely perhaps by the genus Saurohyp-
nus, of Sharp. The pronotum is not wholly sculptureless in
S80 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
JSuUssui, there being a deep arcuate punctured groove near
each side, a coarse setigerous puncture anteriorly at lateral
fourth and another near each basal angle. The extremely
coarse, deep and sparse punctures of the head, aggregated
into punctured grooves laterally, seems to be a character
peculiar to Eulissus. The elytra have each a medial series of
distinct punctures and are otherwise wholly sculptureless, ex-
cept in a broad line along the elytral suture and on the de-
flexed flanks, where the punctures are irregularly arranged.
Dr. Sharp was greatly in error in uniting Eulissus with
Xantholinus, as the two genera are only related in the charac-
ters of the subtribe. This may be appreciated at once on
observing the structure of the mandibles in the two genera.
Our single species may be briefly described as follows : —
Moderately stout and convex, parallel, highly polished, deep black, the elytra
throughout pale rufous, the ecutellum black; antennae ferruginous, with
the first three joints black, the legs piceous-black, the tarsi paler; head
rather longer than wide, parallel and very feebly arcuate at the sides,
the base broadly arcuate, with the angles obtuse though scarcely
rounded; antennae but little longer than the head; prothorax some-
what shorter and distinctly narrower than the head, elongate, the ante-
rior angles distinct, the sides converging thence to the base, becoming
broadly and feebly sinuate posteriorly; elytra slightly shorter and wider
than the prothorax but not quite as wide as the head; abdomen floely,
rather sparsely punctured, less distinctly in a broad area along the mid-
dle. Length 9.5 mm.; width 1.4 mm. Rhode Island and New Jersey.
fnlgldns Fab.
There is no perceptible difference of any kind between the
American exam{)les, which are rather rare, and the European,
indicating that the species is a recent introduction to our
fauna through commercial intercourse.
Nudobius Thoms.
This genus is far more developed in temperate North
America than in Europe and probably originated on this con-
tinent. The species are rather more slender than those of
Eulissus and are usually black with pale elytra, but in the
European collaris, the prothorax is testaceous and the elytra
black, this being a very exceptional form. In many charac-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 381
ters Nudohius is somewhat intermediate between JEuUssus and
allied genera and Xantholinus, but in the rapid medial de-
flection of the side margins of the prothorax, which unite
with the lower margin and do not continue separate there-
from to the apex, it is wholly isolated. The integuments are
highly polished throughout, but the surface of the head and
pronotum has, besides the normal punctures, a system of very
minute sparse punctules, evenly distributed throughout, and
these surfaces have besides a very feeble and frequently obso-
lescent minute transverse wavy strigilation. The species in
my cabinet may be described as follows : —
Head behind the line of the antennae about as long as wide 2
Head behind the antennae longer than wide 8
2 — Species of the Atlantic regions. Body small in size, rather slender,
moderately depressed, black, the pale elytra clouded with piceous-black
posteriorly and externally; legs pale rufous, the antennae piceous, ru-
fous toward base ; head rather coarsely, very sparsely punctured even
toward the sides; antennae much longer than the head; prothorax
slightly narrower than the head, a fourth longer than wide, the sides
strongly converging posteriorly from a short distance behind the an-
terior angles to the base, the punctures very fine as usual; elytra dis-
tinctly longer than wide, a little wider than the prothorax, and, on the
suture, about as long, narrower than the head, sparsely punctured, the
punctures feebly sublineate on parts of the disk but wholly wanting in a
polished convex line at the summit of the deflexed flanks as usual; ab-
domen minutely, very remotely punctate. Length 6.5 mm.; width 0.9
mm. Massachusetts and Virginia to Lake Superior; Ohio (Cincinnati).
[=us«iHu7is Kirby, consentaneus and Jlavipennis Nordm., kiesenwetteri
Sachse &n6 palliatu$ Mels.] cephalns Say
Species of the Sonoran regions 3
Species of the true Pacific coast fauna 6
3 — Elytra large, much longer as well as wider than the prothorax. Body
much stouter than in cephaltts, black as usual, the elytra piceous-black,
obliquely pale in nearly basal half; legs dark ferruginous, the antennae
piceous-black, becoming rufo- piceous toward base, stouter distally than
in cephalus; head rather coarsely, very sparsely punctate, the punctures
less sparse toward the eyes, the front with a small impression between
the posterior ends of the frontal grooves; prothorax much narrower
than the head, a fifth longer than wide, smaller than usual in the genus,
the sides as strongly convergent as in cephalus; elytra longer than wide,
a fourth longer and wider than the prothorax but not quite as wide as
the head, sparsely and rather confusedly punctured; abdomen very
sparsely punctulate. Length 7.2 mm.; width 1.1 mm. Utah (south-
western) nnbipennis n, sp.
Elytra relatively smaller, equal in length to the prothorax and only slightly
wider, the body black throughout, with rufous legs and piceous-black
382 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
antennae, the latter becoming slightly paler toward base, the elytra
clear and bright testaceous throuii;hout; head coarsely and moderately
sparsely punctured toward the sides 4
4 — Form stouter and more parallel, the prothorax only slightly narrower
than the bead and less strongly narrowed behind from near the apex,
about a fifth longer than wide; elytra only slightly longer than wide,
subKQual in width to the head, the punctures sparse and subserial at
the middle, closer and broadly, irregularly aggregated toward the
suture; abdomen sparsely punctulate as usual. Length 8.0 mm. ; width
1.2 mm. Arizona (Phoenix) phoenicis n. sp.
Form more slender, the prothorax much narrower than the head, nearly
two-flfths longer than wide and strongly narrowed behind from near the
apex; elytra distinctly elongate, obviously narrower than the head,
sparsely punctate, with a somewhat well accentuated series of very
slightly larger punctures along the middle, the punctures fine, not no-
ticeably aggregated along the suture, except a single line along the
summit of the sutural bevel; last joint of the antennae slightly nar-
rower than the tentli, longer than wide and conoidally pointed. Length
8.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm. Arizona (Williams) and New Mexico (Las
Vegas) arizonicns n. sp.
5 — Second antennal joint a little shorter than the third, the latter being
more strongly obcouical in form, body large in size, strongly punc-
tured 6
Second antennal joint rather longer and stouter than the the third, the latter
less strongly obconical 7
6 — Front distinctly though finely punctured between the frontal grooves;
elytral punctures moderately sparse and strong, the elytra clear rufous
throughout, the legs pale testaceous; head large and well developed,
very coarsely, rather closely punctate toward the sides, the punctures
elongate, strong, more rounded and close-set beneath, becoming less
distinct and sparser toward base; mandibles with a fiae groove on the
flat under surface in addition to the deep external groove; prothorax
much narrower than the head, longer tlran wide, strongly narrowed
posteriorly from near the apex; elytra as long as the prothorax and
wider, longer than wide and narrower than the head; punctures of
the medial series stronger than the others as usual, the punctures
exterior to the series much finer than those toward the suture, the
summit of the deflexed fianljs narrowly impunctate as usual. Length
7.7-9.2 mm.; width 1.25-1.4 mm. Washington State and Oregon (The
Dalles) pngetauns n . sp.
Front almost impunctate between the grooves; elytral punctures coarser
and very sparse, the elytra pale testaceous, with the basal, apical and
lateral margins blackish; head well developed, the punctures rather less
coarse and not quite so close-set toward the sides as in pugetanns, the
under surface less strongly and more sparsely punctured; prothorax
longer than wide, slightly narrower than the head, moderately narrowed
behind; elytra elongate, slightly longer and obviously wider than the
prothorax and fully as wide as the head, the punctures coarse and
strongly impressed throu'j;hout, obscurely serial at the middle. Length
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 388
9.6 mm.; width 1.35 mm. California (Truckee — elevation 5800 feet),
— H. F. Wickham limbalis n. sp.
7 — Body larger and much stouter, black, the abdomen somewhat picescent;
elytra flavo-testaceous, with the apical margin feebly and very narrowly
inf umate, the legs testaceous, the antennae dark red-brown throughout;
head well developed, coarsely and somewhat closely punctured except
broadly toward the middle, the under surface also strongly punctured;
prothorax longer than wide, much narrower than the head, strongly
narrowed posteriorly; elytra large, longer than wide, equal in length
to the prothorax and distinctly wider, almost as wide as the head, the
punctures much less coarse than In the preceding two species and more
numerous, graduUy rather close-set toward the suture, the medial
series of coarser punctures distinct except toward tip; abdomen mi-
nutely, feebly and sparsely punctulate, polished as usual. Length 6.5-
8.5 mm.; width 1,2-1.4 mm. California (Sta. Clara and Sta. Cruz, —
under pine bark in February) corticalis n. sp»
Body small and slender, black, the legs and elytra pale testaceous, the
latter feebly infumate at the apex, the antennae piceo-testaceous; head
less developed, the punctures coarse and deep but unusually sparse
even toward the sides, strong but rather sparse on the under surface;
antennae more noticeably longer than the head than in the preceding
species; prothorax elongate, longer than the head and only very
slightly narrower, moderately narrowed posteriorly; elytra rather
smaller than usual, longer than wide, not quite as long as the pro-
thorax and obviously wider, about as wide as the head, the punctures
only moderately coarse, rather sparse throughout, lineate at the middle
as usual. Length 6.2 mm. ; width 0.88 ram. California (Siskiyou Co.).
debilis n. sp.
8. — Body moderately large and slender, black, the abdomen somewhat
picescent, the legs and elytra clear and bright rufous, the latter some-
what infumate at base, the antennae dark rufo-piceous; head well
developed, elongate, parallel, the sides nearly straight, the base trun-
cate, with the angles rather narrowly rounded; second and third an-
tennal joints equal in length, the former somewhat the thicker as usual;
surface only moderately coarsely and very remotely punctate even
laterally, the punctures sparse on the convex flanks, becoming strong
but only moderately coarse and less sparse over the flattened under
surface ; prothorax of the usual form, narrower than the head, elon-
gate, narrowed posteriorly; elytra notably elongate, as long as the
prothorax and distinctly wider, not as wide as the head, the punctures
only moderately coarse, spar-^e and confused in arrangement, with the
usual close-set medial seriei iadisuacr,. Leuslh 7.7 ram.; vvllth 1.1
mm. Texas (Houston), Alabama (Cltronelle) and West Virginia.
larldipennis n. sp.
Body smaller and very slender, black, the abdomen rufo-piceous but clouded
darker toward tip, the elytra pale and bright luteo-flavate, with the
base — more broadly — and the flanks, abruptly black; legs pale flavate,
the antennae dark rufous throughout, rather thick and nearly as In
luridipennis ; head elongate, parallel, remotely and only moderately
coarsely punctate, the convex flanks still more remotely, the under
384 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
surface less sparsely and disliactly; prothorai elongate, narrower than
the head, of the usual form, with the sides nearly straight and dis-
tinctly converging posteriorly throughout; elytra longer than wide, not
quite as long a3 the prothorax but distinctly wider, and, behind, fully
as wide as the head, the sides diverging from the base; punctures
small and very sparsely scattered throughout, with very indistinct
linear arrangement near the smooth polished upper part of the flanks;
abdomen parallel, narrower than the elytra, distinctly, sparsely punc-
tate, with a bmooth median line. Length 6.7 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
West Virginia, — A, D. Hoplilns elegantnlas n. sp.
The punctures of the pronotum are notably fine, feeble,
very sparse and inconspicuous throughout the genus N'udo-
hius and are arranged in the usual two discal series, each
containing some 5-7 punctures and an arcuate subuiarginal
line, at each side, of nearly the same number; there are, in
addition, some isolated punctures near the apical and antero-
lateral margins . The sexual characters are very feeble, the
male having the sixth ventral arcuato-truncate at tip, the
female having the latter more strongly and evenly, though
still broadly, rounded. There are but few striking divergen-
cies of structure and the species are remarkably homogen-
eous thioughout, though luridijpennis and elegantulus are
unusually distinct because of the peculiar form and punctua-
tion of the head.
Xantholinus Serv.
The European species of this genus are numerous and
include some of the largest palaearctic members of the tribe,
but in America I have been unable to find more than one,
and this a rather small and aberrant form, widely distributed
over the Pacific coast regions. The body is larger and
stouter than in Gyrohypmis, with a much larger head, hav-
ing the gular sutures united from well before the middle,
forming a coarse deep groove to the base. In typical
species, such as glabraius and relucens, the pronotal punc-
tures are rather coarsely impressed, few in number and dis-
posed in two dorsal series of about five and a sublateral
series at each side of 5-6, with a few between the latter
and the edge and some smaller punctures near the apical
angles; in such forms as rufipennis Er., the series are placed
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 385
similarly but the punctures become fine and more numerous,
being rather close-set in the series. 0\ir picipenjiis consti-
tutes still another group, with the dorsal punctures coarsely
impressed and few in number, nearly as in the glabratiis group,
though the dorsal series terminate at a greater distance be-
fore the base; the sublateral series are similar, and, at some
distance within each anterior angle, there is a cluster of three
or four punctures, also others along the lateral and apical
margins. The eh^tral punctuation of the European species is
nearly as in JSTudobius, and the feeble sexual characters
throughout resemble those prevailing in that genus. Our
single representative may be described as follows : —
Body rather stout, parallel, moderately convex, polished, deep black, the
elytra and legs piceo- testaceous throughout, ttie antennae dusky; head
behind the antennae quadrate, parallel and nearly straight at the sides,
the basal angles rounded; sides behind the eyes flattened, this surface
more inferior than dorsal in position, confusedly, closely and strongly
punctured, its upper and lower bounding edges polished, subpromi-
nently rounded and impunctate; upper surface convex, coarsely and
closely punctured, with a very broad and somewhat abruptly defined
median impunctate area, the punctures of the under surface strongly,
though not so closely impressed; neck rather more than two-fifths as
wide as the head; antennae obviously longer than the head, with the
outer part subparallel and only moderately stout, the second and third
joints equal and each distinctly elongate; prothorax but little longer
than wide, slightly narrower than the head, the sides rather feebly con-
verging and varying from straight to feebly arcuate from the apical to
the basal angles, both of which are rounded; elytra well developed,
rather longer than wide, as long as the prothorax to a little longer and
distinctly wider, not very coarsely but deeply, evenly, confusedly and
somewhat sparsely punctate, the upper line of the defiexed fianks sub-
impunctate; abdomen finely, sparsely punctulate; hind tarsi with the
first four joints decreasing very gradually in length. Length 6.2-7.5
mm.; width 1.2-1.4 mm. California (Monterey) to British Columbia.
picipennis Lee.
This is the most abundant Xantholinid of the Pacific coast
and is subject to comparatively little variability, the head in
some specimens — presumably male — being larger than in
others, but not differing otherwise. One specimen, from
British Columbia, has the elytra piceous-black but probably
from accidental causes.
386 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Gypohypnus Steph.
In this genus the third palpal joint is actually shorter and
the fourth relatively much longer and more acutely and gradu-
ally pointed than in XantJiolinus, and this character, in con-
junction with the different form of the gular sutures, as stated
in the table, seems to prove that Gyrohypnus should not be
regarded as a subgenus of Xantholiyius. The species are
smaller and more slender as a rule than in that genus, and the
head is less developed, but, in a similar manner, Gyrohypnus
is made up of a number of groups distinguished by pecu-
liarities of pronotal sculpture and general facies, one or two
of which approach some of the more aberrant groups of
Xant] iolinus vsiihQY cXo^qIj m appearance; this remark applies
particularly to our ohsidianus group, which strikingly recalls
the American picipennis group of that genus, especially in
the sculpture of the head and pronotum. In geographical
distribution Gyrohypnus differs greatly from Xantholinus,
the former being poorly represented in palaearctic regions but
remarkably developed in the nearctic provinces, the reverse
being the case in Xantholinus. Our species can be readily
assigned to the following four subgeneric groups, defined
principally by pronotal sculpture : —
Frontal grooves very long and conspicuous ; gular sutures distinct 3
Frontal grooves short; gular sutures effaced 5
2 — Sides of the head with a broad, parallel-sided, flattened and punctured
line, involving the lower part of the eyes and extending to the arcuation
of the basal angles. Nearctic regions throughout S
Sides of the head almost evenly convex, the flattened area obsolescent ;
surface more coQvex throughout, generally very feebly sculptured....*
3 — Pronotal punctures coarse, 4-6 in number in the dorsal series... Group I
Pronotal sculpture finer as a rule, the punctures much more close-set in the
dorsal series and 7-li in number Group II
4 — Punctures of the head and pronotum very sparse, those of the dorsal
thoracic series 10-12 in number; surface always highly polished and
devoid of minute strigilation anteriorly. Nearctic Atlantic regions.
Group III
5 — Dorsal series of the pronotum composed of 10-12 punctures; under
surface of the head without minute strigilation. Sonoran regions of
the Pacific coast Group IV
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 387
Groups I and II correspoud satisfactorily with palaearctic
species of the punctulatus and angusiatui type, but the last
two groups are probably peculiar to America. The rather
numerous species may be defined as follows : —
Group I.
Color black or piceous- black, the elytra generally paler in part 2
Color testaceous or piceo -testaceous, the head black or blackish •. ...5
2 — Elytra black throughout. Body stout, narrowed anteriorly, moder-
ately convex, deep black throuuihout, the antennae black, the legs
dark piceo-testaceous; lustre shining; head small, rather longer than
ffide, parallel and straight at the sides, truncate at base, the angles
narrowly rounded, the median parts smooth, the punctures coarse, deep
and notably close-set toward the sides; flattened line behind the eyes
densely, rather coarsely punctate, concave posteriorly, the edges be-
coming acute and very distinct; under surface elevated along the gular
sutures, rather coarsely, closely punctate; prothorax obviously wider
/ than the head, but slightly longer than wide, the angles broadly rounded ;
sides moderately converging and somewhat" arcuate; serial punctures
coarsely impressed, the dorsal series ending at basal third, with its 4-5
punctures very evenly spaced; sublateral series of 5-6 punctures and
some scattered punctures near the anterior angles distinct; elytra
quadrate, as long as the prothorax and much wider, coarsely punctate,
each with two medial close-set series, unevenly punctured toward the
sutare; abdomen finely, rather sparsely punctulate. Length 6.7 mm, ;
width 1.2 mm. New York, Canada, Iowa, Lake Superior, Manitoba,
Nevada (Reno) and Oregon (Albany). [=ame?'icanus Dej., i. litt.].
obsidianns Mels.
Elytra piceous, with the sides and tip piceo-testaceous. Body more slender
than in obsidianus, piceous, the legs and antennae piceo-testaceous;
head moderately convex, smooth, sparsely and coarsely punctured at
the sides, the under surface very sparsely punctured, the sidt'S with a
broad shallow longitudinal groove which is distinctly margined and
marked with a few shallow punctures; prothorax with the dorsal
series 4-5 punctured, the lateral series punctured, with a large punc-
ture nearer the margin as usual; elytra sparsely and coarsely punctate,
the punctures arranged in nearly regular rows. Length 4.7 mm.
Forida (Cedar Keys). l=flo7'idae Duvlv.] temporalis Lee.
Elytra pale testaceous or yellowish, more or less gradually darker in about
basal half '. 3
3 — Sublateral series of the pronotum 7-9 punctured. Body more slender
Ih&n Xantholinus picipennis, p\ceoas-b\aiCk, the antennae and legs dark
ferruginous, the elytra ferruginous, blackish in about anterior half;
head moderately convex, rather elongate, the hind angles rounded;
npper surface smooth at the middle, sparsely and coarsely punctured at
the sides ; frontal grooves as usual ; under surface very sparsely and
888 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
coarsely punctured, the lateral edge obtuse, much less defined than in
X. picipennis; prothorax oblong with rounded angles, distinctly longer
than wide, slightly narrowed behind, the dorsal series 3-4 punctured,
the lateral series curved as usual; elytra rather finely and indistinctly
punctate, with a submedial series of fine but regular punctures; abdo-
men smooth, piceous, the hind margins of the segments paler, the ventral
segments more broadly margined with pale piceous. Length 6.6 mm.
California (San Bernardino and Mojive Desert) dimidiatns Lee.
Sublateral series 4-6 punctured; hind angles of the head obtuse but
scarcely rounded 4
4 — Head very coarsely, sparsely punctured, the basal angles very obtuse,
the base strongly arcuate throuarhout the width, the surface broadly
smooth along the middle as usual; body only moderately slender and
convex, polished, deep blackalmost throughout, the elytra and abdom-
inal tip pale, the former very gradaally infumate with blackish from
near the middle to the base; legs pale, the antennae dark testaceous;
head behind the antennae just visibly longer than wide, the sides par-
allel and very feebly arcuate, the flattened line at the sides well defined,
in great part rather coarsely and closely punctate; under surface
coarsely and sparsely punctured; prothorax a third longer than wide,
not quite as wide as the head, the sides moderately converging and
nearly straight, the angles not very broadly but evenly rounded; dorsal
punctures coarsely impressed, unevenly spaced; elytra about as long as
wide, the sides straight and feebly diverging from the base, about equal
in length to the prothorax and wider than the head, in large part im-
punctate dorsally but rather broadly and confusedly so toward the
suture, the isolated medial series composed of very small, widely
spaced punctures and another more oblique series external to this is
observable in apical half; abdomen very finely, sparsely punctulate, the
segments not obviously paler at their apices. Length 6.8 mm. ;
width 0.93 ram. California (Pasadena), — A. Fenyes iufamatas n. sp.
Head very coarsely and unusually closely punctured toward the sides, the
base feebly arcuato-truncate, the basal angles only slightly more than
right and not at all rounded; body similar in form to the preceding
and almost similar in coloration, except that the elytra are much more
abruptly and deeply black in basal half and the legs darker testaceous;
head behind th« antennae rather longer than wide, the sides parallel
and straight, the post- ocular line flat, coarsely and very closely punc-
tured, the part along its upper margin impunctate as usual; under sur-
face flat throughout, the punctures very coarse and sparser, unevenly
distributed, forming one or two longitudinal series near the sides and
irregularly scattered near the sutural lines, which are relatively rather
fine; prothorax fully two-fifths longer than wide, equal in width to the
head, the sides feebly converging and nearly straight, the angles well
rounded; dorsal punctures rather coarsely impressed, very uneven in
size and spacing; elytra quadrate, distinctly shorter and wider than the
prothorax, the punctures small, rather feeble and sparse, disposed
nearly as in i«/Mma«ws. Length 6.5 ram.: width 1.1mm. Arizona.
bipartitns n. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 389
5 — Under surface of the head minutely strigilate in close-set wavy
lines 6
Under surface of the head highly polished and smooth, not strigilate.... »
6 — Dorsal series of the pronotum continuing barely to basal third as in all
the preceding species 7
Dorsal series of the pronotum continuing to basal fourth or less; body
smaller and more slender, with the cephalic punctures smaller and
more close-set and the flattened post-ocular line sometimes less defined
at the edges 8
7 — Body larger, pale rufo-testaceous, the elytra more flavate, the abdomen
darker and blackish-piceous, the head deep black, the legs and antennae
ferruginous; head behind the antennae rather longer than wide, par-
allel, the sides feebly arcuate; base truncate, the angles broadly
rounded; punctares coarse but smaller than in the preceding species
and remarkably sparse even toward the sides, the post-ocular line
perfectly fiat throughout, well defined, strongly but not very closely
punctate; under surface shining, strongly and sparsely punctate; pro-
thorax scarcely a third longer than wide, distinctly narrower than the
head, the sides strongly converging and straight, the angles moderately
rounded; surface with scarcely a puncture except the dorsal and sub-
lateral series, each of 4-5 punctures, and about two others, isolated
and rather larger, well within the apical angles ; elytra subquadrate,
not quite as long as the prothorax and bat little wider, the punctures
small but distinct, confused near the suture, elsewhere wanting on the
dorsal surface, except a distinct medial series and another exterior and
parallel in apical half only and composed of finer punctures; abdomen
minutely, sparsely punctulate. Length 6.5 mm.; width 1.0 mm. New
York, Virginia, Ohio (Cincinnati) and Louisiana. [:= sangui)iolentus
Mels.] emmesas Grav.
Body smaller but larger and stouter than in fusciceps, pale rufo-testaceous
in color, the elytra rather more flavate; head black, the abdomen pale
red brown throughout; head behind the antennae distinctly elongate,
otlierwise similar to that of emmesus, except that the punctures toward
the sides are much more close -set; prothorax narrower and relatively
mare elongate, much narrower than the head, similar in sculpture;
elytra eloagati, only very slightly wider than the prothorax and much
narrower than the head, the punctures coarser and more numerous than
in emmesus, similarly liueate on the disk; abdomen distinctly narrower
than ttie elytra, parallel, finely but very conspicuously and asperately
puuctar.e, more strongly so than in emmesus. Length 5.8 ram.; width
0.85 mm. Louisiana (Ponchatoula),— G. W. Bock.. .Inteirentris n. sp.
8 — Antennae scarcely at all enlarged toward tip, the second and third
joints equal, both elongate. Body larger, pale brownish-testaceous,
the legs coucolorous, the anteunae dark red-brown; head piceous-
black, longer than wide, the sides almost parallel and very feebly
arcuate; basal angles broadly roumied; fiattened line behind the eyes
rather closely punctured, the punctures of the upper surface deep but
only moderately coarse, separated by about twice their own widths
toward the sides, those of the under surface fine but strong and sparse;
prothorax elongate, rather wider than the head, with two series of
390 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
about five puactures each at each side and a few others isolated toward
the sides and apex as usual, the sides distinctly converging:; elytra
rather longer than wide, not quite as long as the prothoraxand scarcely
at all wider, the medial series close-set and strong; exteriorly there is
another nearly entire parallel series of very fine, widely spaced punc-
tures, the latter irregularly aggregated near the suture as usual; abdo-
men finely but unusually distinctly and not very sparsely punctulate
toward the sides. Length 5.5 mm.; width 0.75 ram. New York to
Iowa. l=fuscicep$ Fvl., i. litt.] fusciceps Lee.
Antennae shorter and more compact, distinctly and gradually thicker distally
to the apex, the subapical joints much more strongly transverse, the
third very small, globular, much shorter than the slightly eloogate sec-
ond joint; body very small in size, slender, colored like the preceding,
except that the prothorax is paler testaceous than the parts posterior
thereto; head plceous-black, nearly similar in form, the hind angles
much less broadly rounded, the punctures toward the sides small but
distinct and less close-set, the post-ocular line narrower and less punc-
tate, the under surface strongly, sparsely punctate; prothorax elongate,
slightly wider than the head, the sides strongly converging throughout
and nearly straight, the surface punctured nearly as in fusciceps ; elytra
elongate, subequal in width to the prothorax and a little shorter, simi-
larly though more finely punctate; abdomen more finely punctulate,
rather more broadly and abruptly impunctate along the middle. Length
3.6 mm.; width 0.6 mm. New Jersey and Virginia (Fort Monroe) ; —
rare on sea-beaches fncosns Csy.
9 — Body rather slender and convex, almost perfectly parallel, pale rufo-
testaceoiis, with the legs concolorous, the abdomen piceous and the head
black; antennae dusky testaceous, brighter toward base; head behind
the antennae distinctly elongate, varying from subparallel to distinctly
inflated basally, the sides nearly straight, the angles at bat*e well
rounded; punctures not very coarse but deep, elongate, separated by
fully twice their own widths toward the sides; post-ocular line fiat with
obtusely rounded edges, very deeply and more closely punctate, the
punctures of the under surface strong, perforate, moderately close-set
over the entire surface; prothorax elongate, not quite as wide as the
head, with the sides only moderately converging throughout and almost
straight, the apical angles narrowly rounded, the punctures of the dorsal
series only extending to basal third; su^lateral series of about five
punctures, and there is externally and anteriorly a small group of punc-
tures; elytra subquadrate, unusually small, much shorter than the
prothorax and equal thereto in width, strongly and moderately coarsely
punctured, the punctures of the two equal parallel discal series similar,
fine and irregular; narrowly along the suture, and, between these and
the first discal series, are a few sparse punctures tending to linear
arrangement; abdomen rather closely and distinctly punctulate toward
the sides. Length 6.0 mm. ; width 0.85 mm. New York (Long Island)
and Virginia to Kansas and Colorado (Greeley) melanops
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 391
Group II.
Head polished beneath and strigilate with very fine wavy lines 2
Head less shining beneath, where the surface is minutely but strongly retic-
ulate 11
i — Prothorax never paler in color than the elytra 8
Prothorax paler than the elytra, the latter relatively smaller and distinctly
shorter than the prothorax 10
8 — Body black or piceousblack in color, the elytra never more tban slightly
paler 4
Body black or blackish, the elytra always conspicuously pale 8
i — Elytra each with two isolated, parallel and subentire series of dorsa!
punctures, the punctures toward the suture more or less broadly or
completely confused in arrangement; body moderately large in size.. 5
Elytra each with three more or less complete isolated series of dorsal
punctures, the latter more narrowly confU!«ed along the suture; body
very small in size 7
5 — Body moderately slender and convex, polished, deep black, the protho-
rax very dark rufo-piceous, the elytra somewhat less dark than the pro-
thorax; legs dark rufous, the antennae dusky; head oblong, parallel,
distinctly longer than wide behind the antenna-, the basal angles broad-
ly rounded, the punctures deep but only moderately coarse or close-
set; flattened post-ocular line well defined, strongly and closely punc-
tate; punctures of the under surface distinct though not very coarse,
rather sparse, still sparser toward the sutures; prothorax somewhat
narrower than the head, evidently though not strongly narrowed pos-
teriorly throughout, a third longer than wide, the angles rather narrowly
rounded; serial punctures close-set and strong, 8-11 in number in the
dorsal series and about as numerous in the sublateral, both series end-
ing anteriorly in confused clusters of smaller punctures, a larger punc-
ture near the side and apical third is also obvious; elytra not quite as
long as the prothorax but much wider and distinctly wider than the
head, longer thau wide; abdomen slightly narrower tban the elytra but
wider than the head; finely punctulate laterally as u-ual. Length 4.8-
6.6 mm.; width 0.8-1.08 mm. Rhode Island and Ontario to northern
New Mexico, Colorado, Nevada, Idaho and Manitoba. [= obscurus Er.].
hauiatas Say
Body deep black throughout, the elytra scarcely perceptibly paler, the
antennae black and the legs dark rufo-piceous in color; elytral punctures
less broadly aggregated along the suture 6
— Form rather stouter, the size larger, as in hamatus; head as in that
species, with the punctures similar but less close- set, being separated
toward the sides by three times their own widths but becoming smaller
and closely aggregated in a broad line along the upper margin of the
post -ocular fiattened line, the latter strongly, somewhat closely punc-
tured; under surface rather flnely but distinctly, sparsely punctate, the
punctures obsolete toward base; prothorax as in hamatus, slightly
narrower than the head but with the sides less obviously converging;
elytra nearly similar but less distinctly wider than the prothorax and
392 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
much less broadlj', confusedly punctured toward the suture, the Im-
punctate space thence to the first medial series wider. Length 6.3 ram. ;
width 0.98 mm. Oregon (Portland), — H. F.Wickham-.oregonus n. sp.
Form very slender, rather smaller in size, polished, convex; head moderate,
parallel, behind the antennae much longer than wide, the sides nearly
straight; basal angles broadly rounded, the punctures throughout near-
ly as in hamatus; prothorax notably narrow and elongate, two- fifths
longer than wide, the sides moderately converging, becoming somewhat
sinuate posteriorly, the apical angles rather narrowly rounded, punc-
tured nearly as in hamatus; elytra elongate, somewhat shorter than the
prothorax and much wider, distinctly wider than the head; abdomen
slightly wider than the head, punctulate as in the preceding species.
Length CO mm.; width 0.8 mm. "Wisconsin (Bayfield), —H. F. Wick-
ham. [=corvinusDej., i. litt.] protractns n. sp.
7 — Body slender, convex, polished, black, the elytra and antennae blackish-
piceous, the legs paler, dark testaceous; head well developed, the sides
straight and parallel or feebly diverging to the moderately rounded
basal angles; punctures nearly as in hamatus, those of the flattened
post-ocular line obsolescent posteriorly and those of the under surface
sparse and inclined to serial arrangement laterally, broadly subobsolete
toward the middle; antennae rather thicker distally, the second joint
obviously longer and thicker than the third; prothorax slightly narrower
than the head, elongate, distinctly narrowed posteriorly, with the sides
somewhat arcuate, the angles broadly rounded; punctures of the dorsal
series strong, close-set, 10-12 in number, the sublateral short and
irregular, of 5-6 punctures; toward the sides throughout the length
there are many other punctures tending to serial arrangement; elytra
elongate, slightly longer and much wider than the prothorax; abdomen
but slightly narrower than the elytra, minutely, sparsely punctulate.
Length 4.5 mm.; width 0.7 mm. California (Elsinore, — Riverside
Co. ) mollinns n. sp.
8 — Second and third anlennal joints equal in length as usual; strigilation
of the under surface of the head subobsjlete, the punctures deep and
close-set between the gular sutures anteriorly, elsewhere strong but
sparse, becoming obsolete toward base; body larger, stouter, polished,
black, the abdomen rather distinctly, and the prothorax just visibly,
piceous; entire elytra clear and bright rufous in color, the legs pale, the
antennae very dirk testaceous; head well developed, behind the an-
tennae distinctly elongate, parallel, the sides nearly straight, the basal
angles well rounded; antennae parallel through the outer seven joints,
moderately thick as usual; punctures coarse, deep and close-set toward
the sides, the post-ocular flattened line also deeply and rather closely
though less coarsely punctured ; prothorax distinctly elongate, narrower
t than the head, the sides parallel and straight for nearly two -fifths from
the apex, then very feebly converging to the base, the angles only slightly
rounded; punctures strong, arranged nearly as in hamatus; elytra ample,
longer than wide, much wider than the prothorax and fully as long,
wider than the head, rather strongly punctured almost as in hamatus,
the two medial series, however, only distinct to a little behind the mid-
dle ; abdomen rather closely and strongly punctulate toward the sides.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 393
Length 5.7-7.0 mm.; width 0.95-1.0 mm. Sea beaches of New Jersey
l=lecoHtei Duviv.] saugninipeunis Lee.
Second antennal joint obviously longer and thicker than the third; body
much smaller and more slen der, the elytra in great part pale flavate in
color 9
9 — Strigilaiion of the under surface of the head obsolescent, the surface
smooth and polished, with a few deep punctures between the gular
sutures anteriorly, dark piceous to nearly black, the head deep black,
the elytra pale flavate, clouded with piceous on the flanks and In nearly
apical half; legs pale, the antennae dark rufous; head rather short,
behind the antennae not or but slightly longer than wide, the sides
straight and feebly converging, — in opposition to the general rule —
from the eyes to the rounded basal angles; punctures moderately coarse,
deep, sparse toward the sides but closer near the eyes, the post-ocular
flattened line much narrower than usual, distinctly punctured ; punc-
tures of the under surface fine but strong, sparsely and uniformly scat-
tered though narrowly obsolete along the sutures; prothorax elongate
and evidently narrower than the head, the sides feebly diverging from
the obtuse and slightly rounded apical angles for a third of the length,
then moderately converging and feebly sinuate to the base ; punctures
of the dorsal and sublateral series rather feeble and only about seven in
number; a few coarse punctures along the edge at the apical angles are
also visible, the entire surface, as well as that of the head, having very
minute, sparsely but evenly distributed punctules as in the genus
Nudobius, the surface feebly tumid in the middle at base; elytra
elongate, much wider than the prothorax and not quite as long, wider
than the head, the punctures strong though sparse, the two close-set
medial series only distinct in basal half; abdomen very minutely and
sparsely punctulate. Length 5.8 mm.; width 0.7 mm. New York
(Hudson Valley) gllripeunis n. sp.
Strigilation distinct, the space between the gular sutures anteriorly finely and
roughly sculptured but scarcely punctured, blackish -piceous in color, the
elytra thinner and more diaphanous than usual, paleflavous, feebly infu-
mate at base and thence gradually more narrowly along the suture to be-
hind the middle; legs pale, the antennae very dark testaceous; surface
polished, without fine scattered punctules ; head moderate, behind the an-
tennae but little longer than wide, more or less distinctly inflated toward
base, the angles broadly rounded; punctures rather coarse, deep and
close-set toward the sides, the under surface, post-ocular flattened lice
and pronotal sculpture nearly as in hamatus, the latter, however, with
fewer extra-serial punctures anteriorly; prothorax elongate, very
slightly narrower than the head, the sides distinctly converging from
near the apex to the base and virtually straight; elytra somewhat elon-
gate, a little longer than the prothorax and much wider, finely but
distinctly, somewhat sparsely punctured nearly as in hamatus, the two
medial series traceable almost to the apex; abdomen finely, sparsely
punctulate toward the sides. Length 3.6-5.3 mm.; width 0.6-0,8 mm.
Virginia to Lake Superior and Texas (Austin and Brownsville), Arizona
(Riverside and Tu9son) and Mexico (Guanajuato.) pnsillas Schse.
10 — Body very slender, small in size, parallel, shining, the elytra and
S94 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
abdomen very dark or blackish -piceous, the prothorax much paler,
testaceous, somewhat clouded with pale piceous, the head black; legs
pale, the antennae piceo-rufous; head in form and punctuation and the
pronotal sculpture nearly as in hamatus; prothorax obviously narrower
than the head, elongate, with the sides rather feebly converging from
near the apex to the base; elytra somewhat longer than wide, rather
distinctly wider than the prothorax but only just visibly wider than the
head, the sculpture as in hamatus; abdomen finely and inconspicuously
punctulate. Length 5.0 ram.; width 0.78 mm. Nevada (Reno), Wyo-
ming (Laramie) and Manitoba macileutns n, sp.
11 — Form slender, parallel, only moderately convex, very pile piceo-testa-
ceous in color, the head darker and the elytra much paler and more
flavate; legs pale, the antennae darker and with the second joint
slightly longer and thicker than the third; head moderate, the sides
subparallel and the angles well rounded, distinctly elongated behind
the antennae, the punctures not very coarse but deep and close -set
toward the sides, the post-ocular line normal, rather finely, closely
punctured, the punctures of the under surface rather fine and sparse
and rendered still less distinct because of the ground sculpture; pro-
thorax elongate, distinctly narrower than the head, the sides moder-
ately converging from near apical third to the base; medial series com-
posed of 12-14 very close-set punctures, the sublateral series also with
many close -set punctures and there are numerous others scattered
toward the apical angles; elytra elongate, fully as long as the prothorax
and much wider, distinctly wider than the head, the punctures moder-
ate in size and rather feebly impressed, somewhat close- set, the
arrangement nearly as in hamatus; abdomen minutely and inconspicu-
ously punctulate toward the sides. Length 4.2 mm. ; width 0.62 mm.
Montana to Arizona and New Mexico fragilis n. sp.
Group III.
Hjpnogyra n. subg.
Punctures of the head and pronotum very fine and sparse, the head more
strongly convex than in the preceding groups and without the flattened
post-ocular line 2
Punctures of the head coarse as well as sparse 3
2 — Body rather stout, parallel, convex, very highly polished, black, the
elytra and legs bright rufous throughout, the abdomen blackish -piceous
throughout above, the apices of the segments paler beneath, the antennae
dusky rufous; head behind the antennae but little longer than wide,
just visibly inflated toward base, the angles broadly rounded; sides
very feebly arcuate, the punctures extremely small and remotely sepa-
rated, not closer at the sides or beneath, the median impunctate area
onusually wide; oblique ocular grooves distinct; flanks behind the eyes
evenly convex; antennae unusually thick, about as long as the entire
head, the subapical joints closely joined and rather strongly transverse,
the second joint noticeably longer and thicker than the third; prothorax
but little longer than wide, somewhat wider than the head, the angles
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 395
well rounded, the sides but feebly converging and slighlly arcuate
throughout; dorsal and sublateral series almost even, composed of very
small and widely spaced punctures, the former about Ten, the latter
about five in number; there are al?o some rather close-set puncmres
along the anterolateral margin; elytra slightly elongate, somewhat
longer and but little wider than the prothi>rax, the punctures very
small, rather sparse, arranged as in hamatus, the outer of the two
medial series less distinct; abdomen but little narrower than the elytra,
convex, finely but very distinctly and only moderately sparsely puuctu-
late, still more distinctly beneath. Length tj. 7-7. 3 mm. ; width I. mm
Iowa (Iowa Citj), — H. F. Wickham yernicatas n. sp.
Body nearly similar to the preceding but much smaller, with It.ss developed
head and less minute punctuation, the coloration and lustre similar
throughout, the prothorax rather less intensely black, the antennae
similar in color and structure; head rather small, similar to that of
verjiicattis, the punctures a little larger and somewhat less remotely
separated but still very sparse, very minute on the flunks and under
surface and rather sparser; prothorax slightly elongate, distinctly
wider than the head, similar to that of vernicatus but narrower and
more elongate and with the dorsal and sublateral series much less
regular, with the punctures stronger and luore close-set, with nume-
rous outlying punctures anteriorly and more scattered toward the
anterior angles; elytra but little longer than wide, somewhat shorter
than the prothorax and only just visibly wider, the punctures sparse but
stronger than in the preceding, more uarrowly aggregated along the
suture and usually arranged in three series along the middle; abdomen
almost similar. Length 5.0-5.8 mm.; width 0.8-0.85 mm. Ohio (Cin-
cinnati) , — Chas. Dury micaus n. sp.
8 — Form slender, black, the antennae, legs and elytra dark red, the abdo-
men dark piceous, with the tip rufo-piceous; head convex, elongate,
SHboval, rounded behind, very sparsely punctured at the sides, the
punctures coarse; oblique ocular grooves short; under surface with a
lew scattered coarse punctures, nearly smooth behind; prothorax
elongate -oblong, with muck rounded angles; dorsal series of 9-10
strongly marked punctures, the sublateral series curved, well defined,
of 9-10 punctures; between the two and near the front margin there is
a group of four punctures, also some near the front angles; elytra dis-
tinctly and sparsely but not deeply punctured almost in rows, Length
7.5 mm. Michigan (Detroit) gnlaris Lee.
Group rv.
Closely resembles "XanfftoJinus hamatus,*^ differing by the shorter frontal
groove-*, by the gular sutures being effaced and the under surface of the
heal smooth between the punctures, instead of finely strigose; there
are also some large punctures between the dorsal and sublateral series
of the prothorax, which cause the latter series to appear irregular; the
elytra are more strongly punctured and the punctures are not arranged
in series; the body is testaceous-brown in color, with the head darker
396 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
and the dorsal series ol the pronotum have 10-12 punctures. Length
4.0 mm. California (San Diego) nanns Lee.
Some of the species vary greatlj' in size and are of unus-
ually wide distribution ; the measurements of length refer to
individuals with moderate protrusion of the abdomen ; in the
ease of more constant species, these measurements refer to an
average example. The short reference to fusciceps, given by
LeConte (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1880, p. 172), will pre-
sumably have to be regarded as a description and the species
is therefore attributed to that author, although its true status
was wholly overlooked ; it is by no means a variety of em-
mesus but a very distinct species ; fucosus is allied to fvsciceps
but is also distinct and could not be confounded with it by any
careful observer; it is the smallest species of the genus. The
commonest and most widely diffused species are ohsidianus,
hamatus and pusillus; oregonus may be a recently evoluted
derivative of hamatus, to which it is evidently very closely
allied and more specimens are much to be desired, in order to
arrive at a more definite conclusion. Gilvipennis is an ab-
errant form, although satisfying all the generic characters of
Gyrohypnus. The four species temporalis, dimidiaius, gidaris
and nanus are unknown to me in nature, and the above de-
scriptions are derived from the published statements of Le-
Conte. I formerly regarded vernicatus as the true gularls, but,
as the cephalic and pronotal punctures of that form are by
far the finest observable in the genus, constituting its most
striking character, it would appear to be specifically different,
since LeConte states that the punctures of gidaris are coarse ;
there can be little doubt, however, that they belong to the
same group, which, because of the absence of the post-ocular
flattened line, so constant in all the other species, should be
held to have subgeneric rank. It is probable also that nanus
will constitute another subgenus, but I have no means of as-
serting this at present.
Duvivier (Cat. 1883), gave the name Jloridae to temporalis
Lee, because antedated by temporalis Shp., of Ega, South
America; as howexer , temporalis Shp., has no discal pronotal
series, it belongs to a genus unquestionably different from
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 397
Xantholinus or Gyrohypnus. The same author replaces
sanguinipennis , of LeConte, by lecontei^ because of sanguini-
pennis Kolen., of the Island of Crete, but, as the latter is a
Eulissiis and sanguinipennis, of LeConte, is a Gyrohypnus,
the change of name is unnecessary.
Xestolinus n. gen.
In the formation of the sides of the head behind the eyes,
fine arcuate gular sutures subuniting behind the middle of the
post-oral surface and extremely minute, remotely scattered
punctuation of the head, this genus approaches the third
group of Gyrohypnus, as defined above, but it differs from
any member of Gyrohypnusmxi^ sh.oxt, stout and rather com-
pressed maxillary palpi, with the last joint obviously shorter
than the preceding and verj^ obtusely conical ; also in its well
developed, stout and compact antennae, with the second and
third joints equal and elongate-obconic in form. The abdo-
men is very greatly developed, being nearly as wide as the
elytra and conspicuously wider than the head and prothorax,
giving the species a peculiar appearance, and the elytra are
differentl}'^ sculptured from those of the preceding genera.
At present we have only discovered two species as defined
below : —
Stout in form, moderately convex, polished throughout, the under surface of
the head without trace of minute strigilation ; prothorax, elytra and legs
pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the second more flavate than the first;
antennae rather more dusky, the head darker piceo -testaceous, clouded
with blackish above, the abdomen piceous-black, not paler at tip; head
oblong, distinctly elongate behind the antennae, the sides for some
distance behind the eyes parallel and straight, then very broadly round-
ing into the base, the frontal grooves moderately long and deep, the
oblique ocular fine and short; punctures minute and very widely dis-
persed, a narrow indefinite post-ocular longitudinal line, punctured more
closely in two series, with a larger puncture behind the middle, the
under surface finely, very sparsely punctate ; prothorax fully two-fifths
longer than wide, obviously narrower than the head, the sides distinct-
ly converging from the well rounded apical angles, the apex arcuate;
dorsal punctures very fine, 7-8 in number, the sublateral series mueh
shorter, more close-set, arcuate, composed of about seven equally
minute punctures; there are some also sparsely scattered toward the
sides anteriorly; elytra rather elongate, fully as long as the prothorax
398 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
and very much wider, the punctures fine, impressed, very sparse
throughout and sublinear in arrangement; abdomen finely, sparsely
punctulate, more distinctly beneath. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.3 mm.
Arizona (Walnut), — H. F. Wickham abdominalis n. sp.
Similar in form to the last and similar in coloration, the integuments
very highly polished; head oval in form behind the antennae, the frontal
grooves distinct, the ocular terminating inwardly in a rather large
punctiform pit, the punctures extremely minute and sparse, rather larger
but quite as remotely separated beneath, the flanks evenly convex and
without trace of the feebly flattened post-oculur streak of abdominalis;
sides arcuate, merging gradually into the very broadly rounded basal
angles; prothorax not so elongate and more broadly and feebly areuato-
truncate anteriorly, a third longer than wide and distinctly narrower
than the head, the punctures rather more distinct, the dorsal series of
8-9, the arcuate sublateral of about seven, both series indistinct in
apical third and fourth, the dorsal extending to basal fifth or sixth;
there are some scattered punctures anteriorly and along the side margins
as usual, and two large apical punctures and one at each basal angle
bear each a very long tactile seta as in the preceding; elytra a little
longer and very much wider than the prothorax, the punctures still
more minute and indistinct than in abdominalis, very sparse throughout
and faintly subserial in arrangement; abdomen very minutely, sparsely
and feebly punctulate, only slightly more visibly so beneath. Length
8.0 mm.; width 1.28 mm. Utah (southwesteru), — Weidt.-OTiceps n. sp.
These species without much doubt constitute a specialized
type, confined to the arid regions of the Sonoran province ;
they have a peculiar facies which will render them easy to
identify.
Lissoliypuus n. gen.
The elongate third antennal joint is the chief character dis-
tinguishing this genus from the three preceding, and, in this
respect, there is a reversion to Eidissus and related genera.
In the united gular sutures, well developed head and form of
the fourth papal joint, Lissohypnus resembles Xantholinus.
In the short third palpal joint, with much longerfourth joint,
type of sculpture throughout and flattened post-ocular line, it
resembles Gyrohypnus, but in antennal structure it differs very
strikingly from either of those genera. The single species in
my .cabinet may be readily known by the following outline
description : —
Stout, parallel, moderately convex, highly polished, black, the last two
abdominal segments pale testaceous in color, the entire elytra and legs
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 399
pale and bright rufous, the antennae dusky rufous, paler toward base;
head behind the antennae longer than wide, the sides parallel and
straight, the angles broadly rounded and beginning at two lengths ol
the eye behind the latter; punctures coarse, deep and moderately close-
set toward the sides, nearly as coarse but not quite so close-set beneath
throughout, the interspaces not at all strigilate, the flattened post-
ocular line distinctly defined, coarsely and closely punctured; antennae
rather longer than the head, stout and compact distally, the tenth joint
about three-fifths wider than long; prothorax about a third longer than
wide, very little narrower than the head, the sides very feebly converg-
ing and somewhat uneven, the angles rounded; punctures strong,
moderately coarse, the dorsal series of about ten, the sublateral of 7-9,.
both rather uneven and with numerous other strong punctures toward
the apical angles; elytra barely as long as wide, about equal in length
to the prothorax and only slightly wider, the punctures strong bat
rather sparse, arranged nearly as in Gyrohypmis hamatut; abdomen
minutely, sparsely punctate, more distinctly beneath as usual, very
slightly wider than the head. Length 8.0 mm. ; width 1.88 mm. Texas
(Austin) texanns n. sp.
This is one of tiie larger and more conspicuous of our
Xantholini, but is unfortunately represented by a single speci-
men thus far.
Lieptacinus Erichs.
The type of this genus is assumed to be the European
parumpunctatus Gyll . , representing a radical departure from
the preceding genera of the subtribe Xantholini in having the
fourth palpal joint very slender and aciculate ; it differs also
in having the oblique ocular, as well as the frontal grooves,
long and greatl}' developed and in type of elytral sculpture,
the punctures being confusedly aggregated along the suture,
but, from the medial series to the extreme lower margin of
the flanks, having a linear arrangement. In the preceding
genera the elytral punctures are apparently always confused
throughout on the deflexed flanks. The pronotal punctures
are peculiarly coarse, dee|)ly im[)ressed and always few in
number. The flattened longitudinal line behind the lower
part of the eyes is nearly as in Gyrohypmis and several other
genera, though narrower, but here its lower margin is rendered
apparently more prominent by reason of a feebly punctured
eroded longitudinal groove at each side of the under surface,
and the upper margin is more obtuse and less definite. We
400 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
have but two rather rare species which may be described as
follows : —
Body rather stout, subparallel, convex, very highly polished, no strlgilation
or reticulation being observed at any part of the upper surface, or on the
lower surface of the head and abdomen, piceous-black in color, the
head rather darker, the elytra very pale, becoming gradually infumate
in basal half, the legs and antennae pale; head not longer than wide
behind the antennae, suboval, broadening basally, with the sides arcu-
ate, the angles rather narrowly rounded; punctures very coarse, deep
and raiher close-set toward the sides, broadly wanting along the
middle, the post-ocular flat line strongly and closely puuctate In a
double line along its middle only, the under surface with a few
coarse elongate punctures, impunctate toward base; sutures arcuate,
gradually becoming contiguous behind the middle, the space between
them finely, very roughly sculptured and almost lustreless; antennae
longer than the head, rather slender; prothorax but slightly elongate,
about as wide as the liead, the sides moderately converging and obviously
arcuate throughout, the anterior angles very broadly rounded; dorsal
series of about five, the sublateral of about four, very coarse, irregular
and widely spaced punctures; between the latter series and the sides
anteriorly there is a very large setigerous puncture; elytra ample,
longer and much wider than the prothorax, the punctures of the medial
series larger and more close -set than those of the lateral series and
separated from the sutural puncturts by a wide sculptureless space;
abdomen finely, sparsely punctulate. Length 4.9 mm.; width 0.9 mm.
New York (Hudson Valley) cephalicas Lee.
Body stout, parallel, convex, nearly similar in sculpture to the preceding,
black In color, the prothorax bright rufous, the elytra pale fiavo-
testaceous, somewhat diaphanous, clouded with black toward the
suture, narrowly at apex, gradually more broadly basally and involving
the entire width at base; legs pale, the antennae slightly darker,
testaceous; head behind the antennae but slightly longer than wide,
feebly inflated basally, the sides arcuate, the angles rounded, very
brotdly impunctate toward the middle, the punctures very coarse and
distinctly close-set laterally, the flattened post- ocular line narrow,
closely, confusedly and strongly punctate, becoming smooth near the
edges; under surface coarsely, less closely punctate, the lateral grooves
as in cephalicus; prothorax larger, nearly a third longer than wide, only
very slightly narrower than the head, the converging sides nearly
straight, the apical angles broadly rounded; dorsal series of about six
punctures, rather smaller than in cephalicus, extending to basal flflh or
less, the sublateral series short, of about four punctures; there is also
a single isolated puncture between the anterior limit of the latter series
and the side margin; elytra rather longer than wide, with slightly
diverging straight sides, slightly wider than the prothorax, the suture
evidently shorter than the latter, punctured nearly as in cephalicus;
abdomen parallel, somewhat narrower than the elytra, punctured nearly
as in the preceding. Length 6.0 mm.; width 0.9 mm, Kentucky and
Missouri (St. Louis) rubricollis n. sp.
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 401
The sexual characters in this genus are unusually pro-
nounced, the male of rubricollis having the sixth ventral
broader and evenly, rectilinearly truncate throughout its
width at apex, the female having this segment rather
narrower and more trapezoidal and broadly, feebly and
angularly lobed at tip, the lobe not porrect but bent down-
ward, with an attendant transversely lunate impression of the
surface before it. In the female of cephalicus, which is the
only sex at hand, the lobe of the sixth ventral is similarly
very strongly bent downward, but it is here truncate and
there is no impression of the segmental surface. In the
female of 2><^i'umpunctatus the lobe is nearly as in cephalicus,
truncate at tip and bent down vertically, but it has a poste-
rior median impression, which causes it to appear broadly
bilobed in a line of sight from below perpendicular to the
axial line of the body. Cephalicus is very closely allied to
parumpunctatus but differs in its shorter, broader and more
ovoidal prothorax; it is probably the species that has been
mistaken for the latter by certain European observers.
Lieptaciiiodes n. gen.
This genus, founded upon the European Leplacinus
hatychrus Gyll., and related species, differs from Leptacinus
in the rather more conical form or relativ^ely thicker base of
the fourth palpal joint, less developed oblique ocular grooves,
wholly obsolete lateral grooves of the under surface of the
head, smaller and much more numerous punctures of the
dorsal pronotal series and in its generally rather smaller and
more fragile species, which seem to be more numerous and
diversified. The prevalence of fine wavy strigilation on the
head, pronotum and abdomen is also a distinguishing feat-
ure. The gular sutures are arcuate, gradually approaching
each other posteriorly and become extremely approximate
but scarcely coalescent behind the middle. The American
species may be thus defined : —
Under surface of the head finely strigilate in wavy lines; prothorax dark In
color 2
Under surface of the head smooth and polished, without strigilation; pro-
thorax pale 8
2 — Body larger and less slender, convex, polished, black, the abdomen
402 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
not paler at tip, the legs pale, the antennae dusky testaceous, the elytra
translucent, pale flavate, gradually blackish toward base; head but
slightly elongate, gradually broader to the rather narrowly rounded
basal angles, the sides just visibly arcuate, the punctures not very
coarse but deep, moderately close- set, wanting along the middle as
usual; post-ocular flattened line distinct, closely and confusedly punc-
tate, the punctures of the under surface small but strong, sparsely
distributed, obsolescent basally; prolhorax elongate, slightly narrower
than the head, the dorsal series of 10-12 moderate, rather close -set
punctures, the sublateral long and of nearly as many, with some
others externally and anteriorly; sides distinctly converging and
straight, the angles not very broadly rounded; elytra elongate, barely
as long as the prothorax but evidently wider, the punctures numerous,
broadly confused toward the suture, more or less lineate thence to the
lower margin of the flanks, the first series deepest and most regular;
abdomen at base much narrower than the elytra, gradually broadening
behind, finely, sparsely punctulate. Length 4.7-5.0 mm. ; width 0.75-0.8
mm. New York (Long Island), New Jersey and Iowa. l=seriatus
Lee] flavipes Lee.
Body small, slender, convex, polished, deep black throughout, the elytra
scarcely visibly picescent; legs very dark rufous, the antennae blackish;
head formed nearly as in Jlaoipes but smaller and with rather more
broadly rounded basal angles, the punctures strong and deep, though
only moderately coarse and somewhat sparse toward the sides, almost
equally strong beneath, tending to form two longitudinal series at each
Bide, very inconspicuous medially and basally, the post-ocular flattened
line biserially and rather strongly punctate ; prothorax slightly elongate,
fully as wide as the head, with the apical angles very broadly rounded,
the sides thence moderately converging and nearly straight posteriorly:
punctures of the dorsal series 8-10 in number, not very coarse but
distinct, rather less numerous in the sublateral series, with a few Iso-
lated near the apical angles as usual; elytra elongate, longer and much
wider than the prothorax, the punctures rather flue but distinct, forming
equidistant and subeveu series throughout the width, except very near
the suture, the series on the upper convexity of the flanks usually most
close -set; abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel, sparsely
and feebly punctulate. Length 3.6-3.9 mm.; width 0.65-0.68 mm.
Iowa, Wisconsin (Bayfield) and California (San Francisco).
uigritalns Lee.
g Form rather more slender than in flavipes, the size almost similar,
highly polished throughout, the head black; abdomen very dark, the
entire elytra paler, piceous, the prothorax and legs pale testaceous, the
antennae darker, rufous; head well developed, slightly elongate, grad-
ually and moderately broadening toward base, with the sides straight
and the angles broadly rounded; punctures coarse and deep, somewhat
close laterally, smaller but distinct and sparsely scattered on the under
surface, which becomes impunctate toward the suture posteriorly and
throughout the width in basal two-fifths, the post-ocular flat line dis-
tinct, confusedly and strongly, somewhat closely punctate throughout;
prothorax distinctly elongate, obviously narrower than the head, the
apical angles obtuse but not much rounded, the sides parallel and
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 403
straight thence to apical two-fifths, then distiucily converging to the
base; punctures rather coarse, deep and approximate in the series, the
dorsal of 11-12, the sublateral of 7-8, both unusually regular; there is
also a coarse isolated puncture near the sides anteriorly; elytra elon-
gate, longer and much wider than the prothorax, strongly punctured in
even series throughout, except rather broadly and gradually more
densely toward the suture; abdomen as in nigritulus. Length 5.2 mra.;
width 0.76 mm. Colorado (Denver),— H. F. Wickham.
lastrans u. sp.
Testaceous, shining, the head and abdomen darker; head convex, elongate,
slightly wider behind, coarsely and sparsely punctured toward each
side, the frontal grooves long and deep; antennae not longer than the
head; prothorax a third longer than wide, slightly narrowed behind, the
base and apex rounded; dorsal series of six punctures, also with a
curved sublateral row as usual; elytra distinctly punctured in series;
abdomen sparsely and feebly punctulate. Length 2.2 mm. California
(Fort Yuma) palltdalas Lee.
I am unable to distinguish between the specimens in my
cabinet, which were carefully compared with the original
types of Jlavipes and seriatus and believe that they represent
but one species. This is undoubtedly the form which has been
identified as the European hafychrua, but it is not the same,
being: much larser in size and of heavier build ; it is however
very closely allied to hatychrus* The species described by
* Under the name hatychrus, I have lately received two distinct species
from Mr. Reitter, one of which seems to be undescribed ; it may be out-
lined as follows : —
Form very slender, only moderately convex, parallel, shining, the head
deep black, the prothorax black anteriorly but gradually shading into a
blackish-piceous posteriorly, the abdomen piceous and the elytra pale,
diaphanous, flavate, shaded blackish toward base and narrowly toward
the suture nearly to the tip; legs pale, the antennae dusky testaceous;
head narrow, decidedly elongate, the sides very feebly diverging behind
the eyes and straight for a long distance to the rounded basal angles;
punctures small but deep, close-set toward the sides, the under surface
finely strigllate, finely and sparsely punctate, the post-ocular line fine-
ly, closely and confusedly punctate, impunctate near its upper margin;
prothorax narrow, much elongated, not quite as wide as the head, with
dorsal and sublateral series of many smiU but distinct, close-set
punctures, with a patch of confused punctures externally toward apex;
elytra elongate, as long as the prothorax and evidently wider, punctured
in even series except toward the suture; abdomen narrow, parallel,
feebly punctulate. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.58 ram. Europe (Caucas-
us) perexilis n. sp.
Differs from batychrus in its much more slender form, narrower and more
elongate head and prothorax and more linearly punctate elytra.
404 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
LeConte under the name Leptacinus pallidulus may or may
not belong to this genus, as I have not been able to
study it carefully ; the very small size of the species ren-
ders the generic reference somewhat doubtful. The single
specimen of nigritulus which was taken by the writer in the
environs of San Francisco, is probably a fortuitous importa-
tion from the eastern part of the 'country, and whether or not
it has since established itself in California is unknown to me
at present.
Stictoliuus n. gen.
We arrive here at a succession of genera differing rather
conspicuously from any of those previously described, in hav-
ing the pronotal punctures confused toward the sides, and,
accompanying this peculiarity, there is a general loss of the
flattened longitudinal line behind the eyes, although a ves-
tige of it may be traced occasionally, as in the genus Hes-
peroUnus, where its upper margin exists as a polished convex
impunctate edge from the eyes to the basal angles. In the
present genus there is scarcel}'^ a trace of the flattened line
and the flanks of the head are convex from the upper to the
under surface and continuously and evenly punctured. Sticto-
linus has the punctures more numerous and close-set than
most of those that follow, with a narrower impunctate line
along the middle of the head. The fourth palpal joint
is usually a little longer than the third, very finely and
gradually pointed but thicker at base or more conical
than in Leptacinus and more like that of Leptacinodes ;
it is also rather strongly oblique as in that genus. The
genus is peculiar in having no trace of the usual oblique
ocular frontal grooves, but the median pair are impressed and
distinct though rather short. The elytral punctures are con-
fused in arrangement over the entire surface, except one regular
series of more close-set punctures along the upper margin of
the deflexed flanks, which series is bordered internally by an
even, highly polished, impunctate line throughout the
length ; the punctures are generally somewhat more closely
aggregated toward the suture and sparser on the median
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 405
parts, where there is sometimes a feeble suggestion of serial
arrangement toward base. There is no trace of strigilation
on the polished surfaces of the anterior parts and the gular
sutures are as in Leptacimis and Leptacinodes. We have at
least four species, which may be readily separated as fol-
lows : —
Last joint ol the maxillary palpi as long as the third or longer 2
Last joint distinctly shorter than the third; size larger 4
2 — Head large, the prolhorax relatively smaller, very conspicuously nar-
rower than the head ; body slender, moderately convex, polished, black,
the abdomen not paler at tip, the elytra rather distinctly, the prothorax
more feebly, picescent; legs pale, the antennae blackish; head large,
behind the antennae distinctly elongate, the sides parallel and nearly
straight, the basal angles broadly rounded, the punctures strong and
very close-set throughout, the median smooth line very narrow, subob-
llterated toward base, the under surface rather less strongly and less
densely punctate; prothorax small, elongate, with the sides rather feebly
converging posteriorly throughout and straight or feebly arcuate, the
angles obtusely but not very broadly rounded; punctures similar to
those of the head but somewhat less close-set, the broad median smooth
line clearly and evenly delimited; elytra longer than wide, somewhat
shorter than the prothorax but distinctly wider though not quite as wide
as the head, the punctures flue but deep, rather close-set, the punctu-
ation broadly confused toward apex and suture; abdomen parallel,
minutely, rather inconspicuously punctulate. Length 4.5 mm. ; width
0.78 mm. California (coast regions north of San Francisco).
grasdiceps Lee.
Head moderately developed, never more than slightly broader than the pro-
thorax, the latter relatively larger, similar in coloration to grandiceps
but with the prothorax and elytra about equally, and both feebly,
piceous, the former sometimes rather paler 8
3 — Elytra only slightly shorter than the prothorax; body parallel, similar
in form and sculpture to grandiceps but with the head rather more
elongate behind the antennae, the prothorax similar in form but less
closely punctate, particularly toward base; elytra and abdomen rela-
tively stouter, similarly sculptured. Length 4.5-6.0 mm.; width 0.75-
0.8 mm. California (Truckee and Siskiyou Co.) aeqnalis n. sp.
Elytra much shorter than the prothorax; body very slender, parallel, black,
the elytra and prothorax more or less distinctly piceous in color, the
legs pale as usual; head moderate in size, distinctly elongate behind the
antennae, the sides parallel and very feebly arcuate, the basal angles
well rounded; punctures strong and dense, giving an opaque appear-
ance, the median smooth line very narrow; prothorax well developed,
narrower and more elongate than in aequalishvit. otherwise similar, still
less obviously narrower than the head, the punctures strong and usually
close-set but uneven in distribution; elytra and abdomen much more
slender than in atqualis, the former somewhat longer than wide but
406 Trans. Acad. Sci. of iSt. Louis.
only just visibly wider thau the prothorax, distinctly and ratlier closely
punctured as usual. Length 3.8-4.5 ram.; width 0.55-0.65 rara. Massa-
chusetts, New York and Pennsylvania to Iowa and Wisconsin (Bay-
fleid) scolopacea n. sp.
4 — Body much stouter than in the preceding species, black, the elytra
feebly plceous, the prothorax scarcely visibly less than black; legs pale,
the antennae blackish ; head well developed, evidently elongate behind the
antennae, the latter distinctly longer than the head; sides subparallel
and nearly straight, the basal angles rounded; punctures rather fine
but deep, only moderately dense, separated by about their own diame-
ters; prothorax less elongate, with the sides rather strongly converg-
ing, distinctly narrower than the head, the punctures flue but deep and
less close-eet than usual; elytra large, longer than wide, fully as long
as the prothorax and much wider, obviously wider than the head, the
punctures small but deep, close-set and confused almost throughout;
abdomen parallel, finely and inconspicuously punctulate. Length 5.4
mm. ; width 0.9 mm. California (Lake Co.) , — Ciias. Fuchs.
franciscauusn. sp.
The rather small and monotonous members of this genus
may prove to be rather numerous in the colder parts of the
Pacific coast faunal province, largely replacing the genus
Hesperolinus, which is somewhat more developed in the
southern coast region. The eastern scolopacea is abundant
and widely diffused but appears to have been overlooked by
the older authors.
Habrolinus n. gen.
The single very small and slender species constituting this
genus bears considerable superficial resemblance to the east-
ern JSFematolinus longicoUis, especially in its strongly incras-
sate antennae, with very transverse and compactly joined dis-
tal joints and elongate second joint, but, besides the distin-
guishing character of the maxillary palpi, the present genus
differs in having the prosternum before the coxae as in all
the preceding genera of this subtribe and not narrowed by the
intrusion of the somewhat dilated anterior part of the hypo-
mera, characterizing, if not peculiar to, JVematoUnus and
Lithocharodes. It seems necessary therefore to propose a
separate genus for this obscure though interesting form.
The virtually obsolete median frontal grooves and correspond-
ingly distinct and conspicuous oblique ocular grooves, consti-
tutes a very remarkable feature. The prosternum is gradu-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 407
ally strongly tumescent toward the median line. The type
may be described as follows : —
Body very slender, convex, shining, absolutely parallel, all the segments
being equal in width, the head perhaps just visibly wider, pale and
almost uniform testaceous throughout, the legs and antennae concolor-
ous; head longer than wide, the sides parallel, the basal angles very
broadly rounded ; flanks evenly convex, without trace of flattening behind
the eyes, the latter well developed as usual ; punctures minute, sparse and
inconspicuous, rather stronger but stiil sparser beneath, the under sur-
face very obsoletely strigilate, the space between the sutures polished and
sculptureless; antennae one-half longer than the head, the basal joint
three-fifths as long as the remainder; prothorax elongate, with the
sides almost parallel and very feebly arcuate, gradually rounding ante-
riorly to the apex, the angles almost obliterated; base arcuately sub-
truncate, with the angles much less rounded; side margins strongly
acute to the apex; punctures coarser tlian those of the head but still
sparser; elytra small, fully as long as wide, very much shorter than the
prothorax but of equal width, the punctures fine but strong, evenly and
rather sparsely distributed throughout, without trace of lineal arrange-
ment; abdomen at base as wide as the elytra, gradually very slightly
wider thence to the flf th segment, which is unusually elongate, almost
equaling the two preceding combined, the surface unusually convex
throughout and duller than the rest of the upper surface, being mi-
nutely but strongly reticulate, also finely but asperulately and sparsely
punctate. Length 3,7 mm; width 0.6 mm. California (Lake Tahoe).
tahoensls n. sp.
It is possible that this species may occur under pine bark,
though I made no notes relating to its capture.
Xematolinus n. gen.
This genus and the next constitute a rather isolated group,
having the prosternum narrower between the anterior parts
of the hypomera and strongly incrassate and compact an-
tennae ; in the latter, however, as well as in the form of the
maxillary palpi, they both agree with the preceding genus,
which might with propriety be placed in the same group. In
the present genus the frontal grooves are all but completely
obsolete and the oblique ocular lines, unlike those of Habro-
linus, are wholly obsolete. The gular sutures are peculiar,
being feebly arcuate, widely separated anteriorly and grad-
ually approaching each other, not becoming very approximate
except just before the base, the intermediate surface polished
408 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
and impunctate. The sculpture of the head also seems to be
confined to the genus, there being on the interspaces of the
under surface a system of close-set but unevenly distributed
exceedingly minute nude punctules, visible toward the su-
tures only and sometimes almost obsolete; on the upper sur-
face these densely aggregated punctules, which are entirely
distinct from the ordinary punctures, form two very large
subopaque patches involving the entire anterior half and
separated by a smooth polished line. The antennae are very
similar to those of Hahrolinus and the maxillary palpi are of
the same type as iu that genus and the one following, except
that here and iu Lithocharodes the third joint is more de-
veloped, the oblique fourth joint being relatively much
shorter. The abdomen in Nematolinus is not minutely retic-
ulate but is unusually punctate. The head is completely
unmodified and evenly convex behind the eyes throughout, in
which character it differs somewhat from Lithocharodes.
N'ematolinus is evidently closely allied to 8omoleptus Shp., of
the nootropics, but appears to differ in the system of cephalic
and elytral sculpture, and, as the rather numerous species of
Somolepius described by Dr. Sharp will ultimately prove, in
all probability, to be assignable to several genera, I leave
longicollis Lee, in the special genus here proposed for it.
The tibiae in NematolinuH are certainly spinulose to some
extent, whereas in Somoleptus the legs are said to be slender
and destitute of spinules. Our single species is of wide
northern range, apparently not occurring in the subtropical
parts of the country and may be characterized as follows: —
Very slender, moderately convex, parallel, polished, pale piceous, the
head somewhat darker, the legs and antennae pale; head elongate, sub-
parallel or feebly enlarged toward base, with the angles very broadly
rounded, the punctures fine but strong and rather close-set; antennae
much longer than the head, the basal joint evidently more than half as
long as the remainder; prothorax one -half to three-fifths longer than
■wide, just visibly narrower than tbe head, the sides almost evenly
arcuate from the neck to bebind the middle, then very feebly converging
and straight to the moderately rounded basal angles, the punctures fine
but deeply impressed and close-set; elytra slightly longer than wide,
much shorier but evidently wider than the prothorax, minutely, evenly
and soraewliat closely punctate, the punctures arranged without order;
Casey — Observations on the Staphylmidae. 409
abdomen subparallel, slightly narrower than the elytra, finely but
strongly, asperately and closely punctured throughout, the fifth segment
subequal to the two preceding combined. Length 3.2-4.2 mm.; width
0.6-0.68 mm. Rhode Island and Pennsylvania to Iowa and Missouri.
longlcollis Lee.
There may be some subspecies of the type form represented
among the numerous specimens before me, but I have been
unable to definitely limit them. Some examples have vir-
tually no minute ground sculpture on the under surface of
the head, while in two specimens from Missouri this sculpture
is very conspicuous. LeConte states that the species is usually
found in ants' nests, but it is apparently not a true
inquiline.
Liithocharodes Shp.
In most of its characters, including palpal structure, this
genus is allied closely to the two preceding as before intim-
ated, but there are several features which strongly differen-
tiate it from either of them. The antennae, though compact
and strongly incrassate distally, have the third joint unusually
elongate as well as the second, a departure in the direction of
LeptoUnus, and, behind the lower part of the eyes, there is a
longitudinal area which is unmistakably flattened as in Gyro-
hypnus and allies, although here the area is not so distinctly
defined; again, the acute lateral margin of the prothorax is
strong and distinct to the apex in JSfematoUnus but here it
gradually becomes very feeble anteriorly though not obliter-
ated as is the case in LeptoUnus. The gular sutures differ
greatly from those of the two preceding genera in rapidly
approaching each other and becoming parallel and very
approximate from a point before the middle to the base.
The integuments are highly polished, without minute ground
sculpture to any noticeable extent, the third palpal joint of
the same general form as in the two preceding genera, but
the fourth joint is relatively shorter, oblique and acutely
pointed though evidently conical and not extremely slender
and aciculate, and the anterior angles of the prothorax are not
obliterated. The median frontal grooves are moderately de-
410 Trails. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
veloped and much more distinct than in either of the preced-
ing, and, in this as well as the more conical fourth palpal
joint, it leads gradually to the two following genera; the
oblique ocular grooves are obsolete as in SHcfoUnus. Litho-
charodes is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical
regions of North America, from southern Louisiana to South
America. From Nicaragua it is represented in my cabinet
by a species closely allied to ruficollis but with much sparser
punctuation, named fuscipennis by Sharp, — (Tr. Ent. Soc.
Lond., 1876, p. 205). It was described originally from the
Amazons, but is widely distributed and the type of the
genus.
Dr. Sharp seems to have mistaken the female sexual char-
acters in this genus for male, in remarks in the Biologia under
such Central American species as spinigera and armata.
The more acute abdominal apex characterizes the female, the
more obtuse the male. The species are numerous but only
three have thus far occurred within our extreme southern
limits ; these may be distinguished as follows : —
Elytra and abdomen more or less pale piceous in color, the prothorax and
legs paler and the head and antennae dark, rufo- testaceous; body
larger and rather etouter, subparallel, somewhat convex, polished
throughout; head large and elongate, very gradually dilated toward
base, with the sides feebly arcuate, the angles broadly rounded; punc-
tures not very large but deep and close-set, with a narrow median smooth
line, rather coarser and less close-set but conspicuous on the under
surface, which is not reticulate or strigilate; antennae somewhat longer
than the head, with the basal joint almost three-fourths as long as the
remainder; prothorax one-half longer than wide, very much narrower
than the head, the sides from the rounded anterior angles to the base
very strongly converging and nearly straight; punctures rather small
but deep and distinct, somewhat close-set; elytra elongate, evidently
shorter but wider than the prothorax, narrower than the head, the
punctures fine, uniformly but nonserially, rather closely distributed
throughout; abdomen narrower than the elytra, parallel, polished,
minutely and rather closely but inconspicuously punctured throughout,
the fifth segment much shorter than the two preceding combined as
usual. Length 5.8 mm.; width 0.8 mm. Texas (Austin).
pallidas n. sp.
Elytra and abdomen black to piceous -black, the head and prothorax paler
though dark piceo-rufous; legs very pale, the antennae more dusky,
rufous; body rather smaller and notably more slender than In pallidus ;
head narrower, relatively more elongate behind the antennae, somewhat
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 411
more coarsely and closely punctured, with a narrow impunctate median
line; antennae stout distally, the third joint elongate but evidently
shorter than the second ; prothorax narrower, much elongated, the sides
quite as strongly converging posteriorly but more parallel anteriorly,
distinctly narrower than the head as well as the elytra, similarly punc-
tured ; elytra elongate, shorter but distinctly wider than the prothorax,
equal in width to the head; abdomen at base narrower than the elytra,
the sides straight, gradually diverging to the fifth segment which is as
wide as the elytra or head; finely, rather sparsely punctulate. Length
6.0 mm. ; width 0.68 mm. Louisiana nigripennis Lee.
Elytra and abdomen piceous-black to black, the hind margin of the former
pale testaceous for a fifth or sixth of the length, the prothorax and legs
very pale, the head and antennae dark, testaceous; headless devel-
oped, elongate, gradually broader toward base, the angles broadly
rounded; punctures rather fine but deep and very close-set; prothorax
nearly as in pallidus, but rather less elongate and less evidently nar-
rower than the head, the sides equally strongly converging posteriorly,
the angles equally rounded, the punctures very fine and notably sparser;
elytra elongate, evidently shorter and much wider than the prothorax,
the punctures very fine and sparse, not at all serial; abdomen nearly as
\n nigripennis. Length 3.7-4.5 mm.; width 0.63-0.7 mm. Texas (Gal-
veston) and Louisiana rnficollis Lee.
None of my examples of pallidus have the elytra darker
than a rather pale piceo-testaceous tint and similar in color
to the abdomen, and the species differs in this way from
nigripetinis , as well as by its larger size, rather stouter form
and larger and broader head.
Hesperolinus n. gen.
The third joint of the maxillary palpi resumes here its
usual form, being slightly thickened apically and narrowed
basally, less compressed than in the three preceding genera
and more elongate, the slender though evidently conical
fourth joint being about one-half as long as the third, and
strongly oblique in insertion. As in the preceding genus
there is a suggestion of the flattened longitudinal line behind
the eyes, which is here tolerably well defined above by the
convex polished post-ocular line but very indefinitely so along
its lower margin. The prosternum also resumes its usual
wide unconstricted form, the hypomera being normally narrow
anteriorly and the lateral edge of the pronotum is fine but
distinctly acute to the tip. The antennae are nearly of the
412 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
type prevailing in Gyrohypnus and XanthoUnus, the gular
sutures as in the former of those genera and the medial
and ocular frontal grooves are all evident, although the me-
dian pair are much shorter and feebler than in Gyrohypnus.
The neck is notably narrower than in that genus, being but
little more than a fourth as wide as the head. The punctures
are usually small but distinct and rather close-set on the
head, those of the elytra being fine and evenly spaced, though
irregularly arranged throughout. The remarkable sexual
characters of the female have been alluded to by the writer
(Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1886, p.* 261 and plate), that sex
having the sixth ventral prolonged into a very slender spine
curving upward beyond the tip of the abdomen in at least
two species alluded to below, and, leading up to this peculiar
formation, it may be stated that in the genus NematolinuSy
described above, as well as in Hesperolinus piceus, the female
has the tip of the sixth ventral strongly and acutely angulate,
it being broadly rounded or parabolic in the male, as is also
the case in the present genus as a rule. The females seem to
be much less abundant than the males. The species of
Hesperolinus are rather numerous on the Pacific coast, those
at hand being separable by the following characters : —
Second antenaal joint subequal io length to the third, both distinctly
elongated; female usually with the sixth ventral prolonged into a
slender spine 2
Second antennal joint evidently longer than the third, elongate, the latter
sometimes much abbreviated; female having the sixth ventral slightly
prolonged and acutely angulate at the middle, at least in piceus 6
2 — Male having the apex of the sixth ventral broadly subangulate, with
the angle broadly rounded and not noticeably produced 3
Male having the apex of the sixth ventral more or less narrowly and
strongly lobed in the middle, the lobe evenly rounded at tip 5
3 _ Prothorax darii in color, black or blackish, always darker than the
elytra. Body rather stout, subparallel, blackish -piceous in color, the
head black and the elytra generally slightly paler, piceous; antennae
dusky, the legs paler, rufous; integuments shining; head well devel-
oped, much longer than wide behind the antennae, the sides parallel
and nearly straight or feebly diverging basally, the angles broadly
rounded; punctures not very coarse but deep, close-set and conspicu-
ous, still denser toward the eyes, rather narrowly wanting along the
middle, smaller but close-set on the under surface and flanks, the con-
vex longitudinal post-ocular line distinct; antennae but little longer
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 413
than the head, stout, the subapical joints transverse; prothorax
narrow, fully one-half longer than wide, very much narrower than the
head, the sides rather strongly converging, the angles distinct but
rounded, the punctures fine and rather sparse; elytra somewhat
elongate, barely as long as the prothorax but much wider, rather wider
than the head, finely, evenly, rather sparsely and irregularly punctate;
abdomen but little narrower than the elytra, much wider than the
prothorax, minutely, sparsely punctulate toward the sides. Female
with the sixth ventral medially prolonged into a very slender spine
curving upward behind the abdomen, with its tip very fine and not at
all expanded. Length 6.4 mm.; width 0.92 mm. California (Sonoma
to Monterey). [= brunnescens Lee] parens Lee.
Prothorax pale in color, either partially or wholly 4
4 — Body smaller and more slender, moderately convex as usual, the head
and abdomen deep black, the latter not paler at tip, the elytra rather
pale and uniform piceous-brown throughout, the prothorax pale tes-
taceous, clouded with a blackish oblique streak from the centre to each
apical angle and more narrowly along the median line posteriorly for a
short distance; legs pale, the antennae dark, rufous; head moderate
in size, parallel, the sides feebly arcuate, the angles broadly rounded;
surface behind the antennae but little longer than wide, deeply and
perforately, not very coarsely but closely punctate, the median im-
punctate line rather wide, the under surface similarly but less closely
punctured; post-ocular polished line distinct; antennae only moderately
thick ; prothorax scarcely a third longer than wide, much narrower than
the head, the sides straight and only feebly converging, the apical^angles
distinct and but narrowly rounded ; punctures small but very strong
and distinct, more or less sparse and irregular in distribution, some-
times unevenly lineate in arrangement, especially toward base ; elytra
much elongated obviously longer and much wider than the prothorax,
wider than the head, finely but unusually strongly, rather sparsely and
unevenly punctured; abdomen but little narrower than the elytra, in-
conspicuously and sparsely punctulate. Female unknown. Length,
6.5 mm.; width 0.82 mm. California (southern), — H. C. Fall.
bicolor n. sp.
Body much larger and stouter, subparallel, convex, shining, pale testaceous
in color throughout, the legs concolorous, the antennae slightly darker,
the abdomen sometimes slightly piceous and the head occasionally with an
indeflaite blackish vertexal cloud; head well developed, subparallel or
feebly dilated basally, with the angles well rounded as usual ; antennae
thick; punctures not very coarse but perforate, close-set and conspicu-
ous, the median impunctate line decidedly narrow ; under surface strong -
ly but rather sparsely punctured, the basal half impunctate; obtuse pol-
ished line behind the eyes distinct and normal; prothorax nearly one -
half longer than wide, much narrower than the head, the sides distinct-
ly converging throughout and nearly straight, with the apical angles
obtuse but distinct and slightly rounded; punctures fine but rather
strong, unevenly distributed, irregular, sparse basally, denser apically;
elytra about as long as wide, much shorter but somewhat distinctly
wider than the prothorax, equal in width to the head, finely but strong-
414 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
ly, rather closely and unevenly punctate; abdomen almost as wide as the
elytra finely, rather sparsely punctulate. Female unknown. Length
6.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm. . Nevada (Reno) alticola n. sp.
6 _ Moderately large and stout, piceous-brown, the elytra notably paler,
the head black; legs very pale piceous, the antennae fusco -testaceous;
head slightly dilated toward base with the sides broadly arcuate, much
longer than wide behind the antennae, the basal angles broadly round-
ed; neck fully one-third as wide; antennae and punctuation nearly as
in parens, the latter rather less close-set; piothorax two-flfths to one-
half longer than wide, much narrower than the head, the punctures
strong and rather close -set, somewhat sparser posteriorly; sides rather
strongly converging and almost straight, the angles obtuse and well
rounded; elytra elongate, as long as the prothorax but much wider,
somewhat wider than the head, the punctures fine but strong, rather
sparsely and evenly distributed without order throughout; abdomen
gradually slightly wider from base to apex, the former much narrower
than the elytra, the punctulation fine and inconspicuous, the surface
polished as usual; apices of the segments beneath uubilously paler.
Female with a long and very blender spine projecting from the middle
of the sixth ventral and curving upward behind the end of the abdomen
as in parens, except that here the tip of the spine is minutely expanded,
with the apex of the enlargement truncate, and not aciculate as it Is in
that species. Length 6. 0; mm. ; width 0.85-0.88 mm. British Columbia
(Victoria),— H. F. Wickham borealis n. sp.
Much smaller and more slender, parallel, polished throughout, the head
paler, the abdomen darker, piceous, the later almost black and not paler
at tip, the prothorax, elytra and legs pale rufous, the antennae dusky
testaceous; head behind the antennae distinctly elongate, parallel with
the sides nearly straight, the angles well rounded as usual; punctures
moderately coarse, perforate, clote-set laterally, gradually sparser
medially, the impunctate line rather broad, smaller but deep and sparser
beneath and wanting toward base, the tumescent polished line be-
hind the eyes distinct as in the preceding species; antennae only mod-
erately stout and distally incrassate, much longer than the head ; pro-
thorax one-half longer than wide, much narrower than the head, the
sides moderately converging and nearly straight, the angles obtuse and
rounded; punctures distinct but sparse, very irregularly distributed;
elytra small, longer than wide but obviously shorter than the prothorax
and slightly wider, not quite as wide as the head, the punctures unusu-
ally strong and only moderately sparse; abdomen fully as wide as the
elytra, feebly and sparsely punctulate. Female wanting, the lobe of
the sixth ventral in the male much more narrowly rounded than in
borealis. Length 4.7 mm.; width 0.68 mm. California (Los Angeles
Co.) , — H. C. Fall pomonae a. sp.
6 Sixth ventral of the male produced at the middle in a rather narrowly
rounded lobe; pronotal punctures rather coarse and conspicuous
though very sparse and alrao:?t wholly wanting near the sides toward
base. Body very slender, parallel, shining, rufo-piceous in color, the
head and most of the pronotura, as well as the abdomen, frequently
blackish, the elytra always paler; legs pale, the antennae dusky; head
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 415
moderate ia size and eloagation, sabparallel, the sides feebly arcuate,
the angles rounded ; antennae much less developed than in piceus and
less thickened, the third joint obconical and less conspicuously shorter
than the second; punctures rather small and unusually sparse above
and beneath, the polished punctureless post-ocular line well devel-
oped; prothorax scarcely two-fifths longer than wide, noticeably
narrower than the head, the sides strongly converging and nearly
straight throughout, the apical angles obtuse but very distinct and
only slightly rounded; punctures somewhat larger than those of the
head; elytra but little longer than wide, obviously shorter than the
prothorax but distinctly wider, scarcely visibly wider than the head,
the punctures strong like those of the prothorax and rather sparse;
abdomen about as wide as the elytra, inconspicuously and very
sparsely punctulate. Female unknown. Length 4.6-5.1 mm.; width
0.68 mm. California (San Diego Co.,— Coronado) angagtus n. sp.
Sixth ventral of the male broadly and feebly angalate at tip, the angle
broadly and obtusely rounded; pronotal punctures very fine, sparse and
inconspicuous. Body very slender, subparallel, shining, dark rufo-
piceous throughout, the head black; legs pale, the antennae dark,
rufous; head distinctly elongate, very feebly inflated toward base with
the sides somewhat arcuate, the angles very broadly rounded ; punc-
tures strong and very close-set laterally, wanting along the middle,
the post-ocular polished line distinct; under surface strongly, rather
closely punctured, subimpunctate basally; antennae notably thick,
much longer than the head in the male, less conspicuously so in the
female, the third joint of the former not quite as long as wide, obtra-
pezoidal with rounded sides, about as long as wide in the latter sex;
prothorax small, much narrower than the head, elongate, the sides
feebly converging posteriorly, the apical angles very broadly rounded
and almost completely obliterated; elytra small, quadrate, a little
shorter but much wider than the prothorax, rather distinctly wider
than the head, finely, sparsely and inconspicuously punctate; abdomen
toward tip as wide as the elytra, a little narrower toward base, very
finely, sparsely punctulate. Female with the apex of the sixth ven-
tral produced and very acutely angulate at the middle, the surface at
the angle bearing a small dense tuft of recumbent pale hairs. Length
4.6-5,2 mm.; width 0.75 mm. California (Siskiyou Co.) ...piceus n. sp.
In the male of piceus the third joint of the maxillary palpi
becomes somewhat shorter and more strongly thickened api-
cally than usual, with the fourth joint normal in form but cor-
respondingly elongate, being about three-fourths as long as
the third; this, coupled with the almost obsolete apical
angles of the prothorax, notably short third antennal joint
and pointed, rather than spinose, sixth ventral of the female,
seems to indicate a subgeneric departure in the direction of
HabroUnus, but, at the same time, the female of piceus
416 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
seems to have almost normal maxillary palpi, which may
prove that these organs are malformed in the single male be-
fore me, for it does not seem possible to assume any specific
difference between the assumed male and female described
above. I cannot distinguish ^^arci^s Lee, from the subse-
quently described brimnescens , and have therefore placed the
latter in synonymy.
Leiolinus n. gen.
While agreeing closely with HesperoUnus in general struc-
ture of the head, antennae and palpi, and especially in
possessing the same polished and impunctate convex longi-
tudinal line behind each eye, this genus departs in so many
characters and particularly in its much larger but even pro-
sternum, wholly devoid of any trace of the medial carina so
conspicuous in HesperoUnus, that there can be but little
doubt of its real generic isolation. The third and fourth
palpal joints, in regard to their relative lengths, are nearly as
in the preceding genus, but here the fourth joint is inserted
more axially and appears to be only feebly oblique ; the
frontal and ocular grooves of the head are nearly similar but
the antennae are longer, looser and more slender, and the
sculpture throughout is very minute and feeble, in marked
contrast to HesperoUnus. The head above and beneath is
very minutely strigilate in wavy lines, which are partially dis-
integrated into fine reticulations; the pronotum is less finely
but usually more feebly strigilate in more entire wavy lines,
the elytra smooth and polished between the punctures, which
are small but strong, evenly though unsystematically distribu-
ted and rather close-set and the abdomen is minutely but
rather strongly and very closely strigilate in wavy transverse
lines, the punctures being very minute, sparse, feeble, evenly
distributed and transversely sublineate in form. The gular
sutures are arcuate, widely separated anteriorly, but, well
before the middle, become extremely approximate and par-
allel to the base; they are excessively fine and feeble. In the
form of the posterior margin of the prosternum beneath the
coxae, LeioUnus stands alone in the tribe as far as I have
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 417
been able to observe. There are two species represented in
the material before me, readily separable as follows: —
Form stouter; aatenaae with the second and third joints relatively more
slender and much more elongate, equal in length, the third much longer
than wide, very strongly obconic and only half as wide at base as at
apex; body piceous -black, the head deep black, the elytra paler piceous
and the legs somewhat paler, the tarsi pale; antennae dusky rufous,
much longer than the head, scarcely at all incrassate distally, with ttie
basal joint about as long as the next three combined, the tenth but
slightly transverse ; head well developed, much elongated behind the
antennae, only moderately convex, very feebly dilated toward base with
the sides nearly straight, the angles broadly rounded and the eyes
small; neck but little more than a fourth as wide as the head; punctures
vely fine and well separated, wanting along the median line as usual,
still flaer, sparser and very inconspicuous on the under surface; pol-
ished convex edge behind the eyes rather prominent; prothorax fully
one-half longer than wide, distinctly narrower than the head, the sides
rather strongly converging and nearly straight throughout, the apical
angles distinct and narrowly rounded; punctures flue but distinctly
impressed, sparse, uneven in distribution; elytra scarcely visibly longer
than wide, somewhat shorter thau the prothorax but much wider and
evidently wider than the head; abdomen parallel, but little narrower
than the elytra. Length 8.0 mm.; width 1.15 mm, Utah Csouthwest-
ern) , — Weidt nteanus n. sp.
Form more slender and parallel, polished, almost uniform piceous-brown
throughout, the legs but little paler with the tarsi pale yellow, the an-
tennae dark piceo-rufous, shorter and thicker than in uteanus though
still evidently longer than the head, the second and third joints less
elongate and relatively much thicker, equal in length, the third but
very slightly longer than wide and much less strongly and evenly obconic
than in the preceding, the basal joint shorter and thicker but, in like
manner, equal in length to the succeeding three combined; head rela-
tively broader and not so evidently elongated behind the antennae, just
visibly dilated basally, the angles more broadly rounded thau in uleanua,
the punctuation almost similar but sparser, almost effaced on the under
surface; prothorax shorter and broader, the sides and punctures almost
similar, distinctly narrower tban the head, with the apical angles more
broadly rounded; elytra much narrower than in uteanus, distinctly
elongate, nearly as long as the prothorax but only slightly wider and
barely as wide as the head; abdomen parallel, about as wide as the
elytra. Length 7.8 mm.; width 1.0 mm, Nevada (Elko), — H. F.
Wickham tarsalis n. sp.
In both of the unique types of the above species the sixth
ventral is very broadly and obtusely, parabolically rounded
at tip and they are in all probability males. The acute side
margin of the prothorax continues to the apex but becomes
418 Trains. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
very feeble anteriorly, in this character leading onward to
the next genus, where the side margin differs from that of
any of the preceding genera in becoming wholly obliterated
anteriorly.
Leptolinus Kr.
This genus differs greatly from any of those which precede
in having the anterior tarsi very strongly dilated and clothed
beneath with a dense whitish pubescence, and it may be dis-
tinguished also by the density of the sculpture, particularly
of the head, where even the polished impunctate median area
of the other genera disappears ; the abdomen is rendered
alutaceous by the close-set minute punctulation. The pro-
sternum is long in front of the coxae as in Leiolinus and is not
carinate, though feebly tumid at the middle posteriorly, and
is somewhat narrowed by the hypomera anteriorly reminding
us of Lithocharodes . The female differs but little from the
male in general appearance, though usually rather smaller and
with the elytra relatively somewhat more elongate, but the
third antennal joint is slightly shorter than the second and
about as long as the next two combined and the sixth ventral
is rather strongly but evenly parabolic at tip ; in the male that
segment is transversely truncate, and, as usual in most of the
preceding genera, the male is much more abundant than the
female. The very narrow interstices between the punctures of
the under surface of the head are rendered somewhat dull by
a very minute reticulation, which, on the upper surface as
well as on the pronotum, assumes the form of very fine and
obsolescent wavy longitudinal strigilation ; the abdomen is
minutehs closely and more strongly strigilate in wavy lines
which have the usual transverse direction. Our single species
may be described as follows : —
Form subparallelj only moderately convex, black, the abdomen piceous
along the side margins; elytra bright red, black along the basal margin
throughout the width; legs very pale, the antennae only slightly less
pale, rufous throughout; head large, oblong, much elongated behind
the antennae, the sides parallel and very slightly arcuate, the surface
dull and very strongly, densely punctate, the punctures elongate and
somewhat interlacing above, almost equally dense but more even be-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 419
neath; antennae much longer than the entire head, the basal joint alone
exceeding half that length, the outer joints incrassate and compactly
joined, the tenth almost twice as wide as long; prothorax nearly three-
fourths longer than wide, very much narrower than the head, the sides
only feebly converging, the apical angles broadly rounded, the punctures
small but deep, circular, close-set but evidently separated, the inter-
spaces polished, the impunctate median line moderate In width and
well defined; elytra elongate, equal in length to the prothorax though
much wider, but not quite as wide as the head, finely but strongly,
unusually closely punctate; abdomen parallel or very nearly so,
slightly narrower than the elytra. Length 5.3-6.0 mm.; width 0.8-0.8 5
mm. Ohio (Cincinnati), Iowa and Texas (Galveston).
rubripennig Leo .
Differs from the European nothus Er., in its larger size
and somewhat stouter form, larger and more elongate, red
elytra, which in that species are much shorter than the pro-
thorax and piceous-black throughout, in its more strongly in-
crassate antennae with still more elongate basal joint and in
the male sexual characters, the tip of the sixth ventral being
broadly sinuate toward the middle and not rectilinearly
truncate. The apex of the abdomen is rufous in ruhripennis
but not noticeably paler in nothus.
Microlimis n. gen.
But little can be said of this genus at the present time, as
the original type is a unique in very fragile condition. The
description given by Dr. LeConte is as follows: —
Very small, slender, pale yellow, shining; head rather convex, nearly twice
as long as its width, smooth, with a few small scattered punctures
each side ; sides nearly parallel, the base truncate ; hind angles nar-
rowly rounded; under surface very sparsely punctured; prothorax not
longer or narrower than the head, with a few scattered punctures each
side; elytra sparsely, finely punctured, the sutural stria very fine; ab-
domen sparsely punctured and pubescent. Length less than 2 mm.
South Carolina (Columbia),— Dr. Zimmermann pnsio Lee.
The remarks under this description state that the palpi,
antennae and front tarsi are just as in LepfoUnusrubripennis,
but that whether the middle coxae are separate or contiguous
cannot be determined on account of the condition of the
type. That the genus is different from Leptolinus admits
420 Trans, Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
of no doubt, although it is possible that the geographical
locality may be erroneous.
Oligolinus n. gen.
The same remark applies to this genus as to Microlinus, as
stated above, and nothing is known of the unique type be-
yond that already published by LeConte. The original de-
scription is as follows : —
Subcylindrical, brown, shiaing, slightly hairy; head twice as long as wide,
convex, narrower in front, the base truncate, the hind angles strongly
rounded; upper surface distinctly but not densely punctured, with a
broad smooth frontal stripe; under surface sparsely, coarsely punc-
tured; antennae paler, a little longer than the head, the outer joints
gradually much wider; prothorax as long as the head but not narrower,
distinctly but not densely punctured, with a broad smooth dorsal
stripe; elytra sparsely punctured, the sutural stria obsolete; abdomen
finely, not densely punctulate, the tip and legs paler. Length 2.4 mm.
Florida (Enterprise) floridauus Lee.
Mr. Schwarz, who captured the original type, states that
the only specimen of what Dr. LeConte described as Meto-
poiiciis Jioridanus, was found by him in the galleries of a
Tomicus (Ips) in the bark of yellow pine in 1875. It was
sent to LeConte as a new species of Leptacinus, but has
never been found again as far as known. All that he can
say from recollection is that the species may not be a true
Metoponcus.
Subtribe Othii.
The normal elytral suture, more widely separated antennae
and broad and subobsolete epistoma, are the only really im-
portant characters distinguishing the Othii from the Xantho-
lini, but here the middle coxae are contiguous and the anteri-
or tarsi dilated as a rule, while in the Xantholini these charac-
ters are the marked exception; in addition to this, the sides
of the head behind the eyes are never modified as they fre-
quently are in the Xantholini. The sides of the prothorax
are nearly as in Xantholinus throughout, but the gular sutures
are more separated and more deeply impressed as a rule,
feebly arcuate and gradually converging to the base of the
Casey — Observations on the StapJiylinidae. 421
head, where they are most approximate, though nearly always
clearly separated. The anterior tarsi are dilated in all the
genera, but to a very variable degree, even within the same
genus, and the basal joint of the usually slender hind tarsi is
somewhat longer than the second as a rule. The mandibles
are grooved externally, short and arcuate in Othius and
OthielJus and straight with arcuate tip in BaptoUnus and
Parothius. In the latter two genera the middle coxae seem
to be less completely contiguous than in Othius, being separ-
ated by a thicker longitudinal ridge. The body is parallel
and moderately convex in form, with the head well developed
in all except Othiellus, where it is notably small; the neck is
wide throughout, varying from two-thirds the width of the
head in OthielJus to one-half in Parothius. The antennae
are generally less densely clothed with fine pubescence beyond
the fourth or fifth joint than in the Xantholini, but have
longer sparse tactile setae and the basal joint is somewhat
shorter, rarelv being more than a third as lono; as the re-
mainder. The frontal grooves are much less developed than
in the preceding subtribe and frequently more widely separat-
ed, when not obsolete, and the eyes are about equally devel-
oped throughout. All the genera have the basal angles of
the head rounded and the sides of the prothorax either paral-
lel or much less converging from apex to base than in the
Xantholini. The four genera before me may be distinguished
by the following characters : —
Fourth joiat of the maxillary palpi shorter thau the third and evidentlj
narrower at base, acutely couical inform aud more or less compressed;
mandibles short, thick and arcuate 2
Fourth joint not shorter than the third and generally much longer but of
nearly similar form, thick at base aud gradually acutely conical;
mandibles longer, straight externally, finely pointed, arcuate and
decussate at apex , 8
2^ Body parallel, large in size, the frontal grooves obsolete j antennae
thick, with the second joint much shorter than the third, both'obconical,
the anterior tarsi very strongly dilated aud densely clothed with white
pubescence beneath; labrum truncate, deeply and narrowly cleft at the
middle; head very sparsely punctured toward the sides as a rule, with
the upper surface, as well as the pronotum and abdomen, very minutely
and closely strigilate in transverse wavy lines; prothorax broad, nar-
rowed but little toward base and with two discal punctures obliquely
422 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
arranged at each side anteriorly and another at basal two-fifths and
lateral fifth, also a few scattered along the lateral and apical margins ;
elytra somewhat shorter than the prothorax, generally sparsely and ir-
regularly punctured, with the ground sculpture between the puncture*
consisting of yery minute close -set nude punctules; middle coxae rery
large, closely contiguous. Palaearctic regions *Othias
Body very much smaller in size and fusoid, narrowing anteriorly from the
elytra, the head much smaller, the frontal grooves short but strongly
and broadly impressed, parallel, only moderately separated and distinct,
the ocular gr ooves of the Xantholini represented by a rounded punc-
ture at the upper margin of the eyes; antennae much more slender and
relatively longer but with the second and third joints nearly as in Othius;
anterior tarsi less strongly dilated, similarly clothed beneath; labrum
similar; integuments smooth and polished, without minute ground
sculpture of any kind, the three setigerous discal punctures at each side
of the pronotum as in Othius; elytra more developed, being generally
much longer and wider than the prothorax, the latter narrower and
having the sides parallel and arcuate throughout the length; middle
coxae somewhat narrower and not quite so closely contiguous. Palae-
arctic regions ""Otliiellis
8 — Maxillary palpi shorter, the third joint relatively more thickened to-
ward tip, the fourth joint equal in length to the third, acutely coni-
cal; pronotum with two entire dorsal series of about five widely
spaced punctures and also a cluster of about three distinct punctures
at apical third and lateral fifth; body less stout than in Baptolinus,
moderately convex, the head and pronotum minutely and transversely
etrigilate, the elytra without minute ground sculpture, the abdomea
very obsoletely and indistinctly strlgilate; front broadly impressed at
the middle and with two very remotely separated parallel grooves ; an-
tennae rather thick, the second and third joints equal in length; neck
one-half as wide as the head; prothorax elongate, with distinct though
somewhat rounded angles; elytra well developed, each with a deep
gutter along the sutural bead; gular sutures deeply impressed, becom-
ing virtually contiguous at base; anterior tarsi broadly dilated and
densely spongy-pubescent beneath. Nearctic Pacific coast... Parothins
Maxillary palpi longer and more slender, the third joint less swollen toward
tip and the fourth much longer than the third, gradually and acutely
pointed toward tip; pronotum with a single puncture at each side of the
centre of the disk and another at apical fifth or sixth and lateral fifth;
body stouter, moderately convex, the head and pronotum with exces-
sively minute or subobsolete transverse wavy strlgilation, feebler and
finer as a rule than in Parothius, the elytra similarly without ground
sculpture; front similarly impressed, the parallel frontal grooves nearly
similar but feebler or obsolescent; antennae longer, relatively more
slender toward base and incrassate toward tip, the second and third
joints equal; neck wider, rather more than half as wide as the head;
prothorax less elongate as a rule, with more broadly ronnded angles;
elytra well developed, almost as strongly impressed along the sutural
bead; gular sutures similarly strongly impressed but usuiUy rather
Casey — Observations on the Stapliyliniclae. 423
less approximate at base; anterior tarsi broadly to moderately dilate J,
more strongly in the male. Palaearctic and Nearctic regions.
Baptolinns
The foreign genera described in tiie table may be briefly
discussed as follows : —
Othius Stepli. — The assumed type of this genus is re-
corded under the name yi(?y/pejmis Fab., in the European lists
and grandis Hochh., and j^cir all elicejjs Qued., can also be in-
cluded in all probability. Its species are among the larger
and more conspicuous components of the tribe and do not
occur outside of the palaearctic provinces as far as known.
The shorter and more arcuate mandibles seem to be correlated
with the relatively more elongate third joint of the antennae
and more abbreviated fourth palpal joint, constituting of
Othius and Othiellus a group not very closely related to
Baptolinus and Parothius. The peculiar ground sculpture of
the elytra, consisting of extremely minute, close-set punctules,
only visible under rather high power, constitute a really im-
portant character in distinguishing Othius from Othiellus.
Othiellus n. gen. — This name is proposed for certain
very small species, hitherto forming part of the genus Othius
but differing in numerous more or less important structural
features, as may be inferred from the table above. A notable
point of resemblance between the two genera is the sculpture
of the pronotum, which in both consists of three setigerous
punctures at each side disposed in perfectl}^ similar manner,
as mentioned above, but, as a rather radical divergence,
attention may be called to the distinct frontal grooves of the
present genus, which become obsolete and replaced by a trans-
verse post-apical impression in Othius; the tarsi also, are
relatively more elongate in Othiellus. The genus is
founded upon such species as laeviusculus Steph., and
melanocephalus Grav.
Parothius n. gen.
This genus is rather closely allied to Baptolinus but differs
in the important character relating to the number and dispo-
sition of the setigerous punctures of the pronotum, stated
424 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
above, in the more abbreviated palpi, especially noticeable in
the form of the fourth joint, in its narrower form, less
rounded angles of the head and pronotura, thicker basal parts
of the antennae, narrower neck and, as may be inferred,
notably different facies. It is also very restricted in geo-
graphical range, being confined to the northern Pacific coast
regions and is at present represented by a single rather rare
species, which may be defined as follows: —
Slender, subparallel, shining, black or with a slight piceous tinge, the pro-
thorax nubilously paler at base and the elytra sometimes faintly paler
at base; tip of the abdomen rufous; legs pale, the antennae dusky,
rufous; head moderate, subqaadrate, scarcely as long as wide behind
the antennae, the sides subparallel and nearly straight behind the
slightly prominent eyes to the unusually narrowly rounded basal
angles; antennae slightly longer than the head, very moderately incras-
sate distally; eyes moderate, surrounded by a fine deep groove
throuijhout, the groove slightly dilated at the posterior margin; punc-
tures small, impressed and widely scattered; prothorax fully a fourth
longer than wide, evidently narrower than the head, the sides nearly
straight and feebly, though obviously, converging throughout; elytra
somewhat longer than wide, as long as the prothorax and much wider,
scarcely visibly wider than the head, very finely, feebly, sparsely and
irregularly punctate; abdomen parallel, distinctly narrower than the
elytra, finely, sparsely punctulate. Length 5.8 mm.; width 0.8 mm.
California (Humboldt Co.) calif ornicns Mann.
This very interesting species has been borne upon our lists
under the generic name Ofhius, but it is really much more
closely related to Baj^toUnus, differing however, not only from
that genus but any other type of the subtribe known to me,
by the dorsal series of pronotal punctures, which resemble
somewhat those of Nudobius, of the Xantholini. The male
sexual characters are feeble, consisting of a narrow, trans-
versely rectilinear truncature of the sixth abdominal segment
and the possibly more widely dilated anterior tarsi. The
first ventral is carinate in basal half and the presternum is
carinate posteriorly. I have before me only a single male
example.
Baptoliuus Kr.
The body in this very wideW distributed holarctic genus is
stouter and more evenly parallel than in the preceding, with
more broadly rounded angles of the head and prothorax, the
latter being less elongate and, in all but one instance, bearing
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 425
two setigerous punctures on the medial transverse line, sep-
arated by one-half the entire width to somewhat less. There
is invariably a large setigerous discal puncture anteriorly at
about lateral fifth, and, adjoining the acute lateral edge almost
in transverse line with the latter, another equally large and
conspicuous. The antennae are rather distinctly longer than
the head, somewhat slender toward base and strongly though
gradually incrassate distally, with the sparse tactile setae
rather conspicuous. The eyes are moderately large and
feebly convex, the surrounding groove very line or sub-
obsolete. The frontal grooves when present, as in the
European affinis, are widely separated, short and parallel,
but they are generally represented by one or two setigerous
punctures. The anterior tarsi are strongly dilated in the male
but much more narrowly so and more parallel in the female,
the latter sex having the narrowed abdominal apex evenly
rounded; in the male it is sometimes rounded though fre-
quently transversely sinuato-truncate. The middle coxae are
narrower than usual, so that they are not quite contiguous,
being separated by the thick cariniform dividing ridge of the
mesosternum. The neck is rather more than half as wide as
the head as a rule and is obliquely carinate beneath at each
side and impressed in the middle, the oblique ridges fitting
into corresponding recesses adjoining the membranous and
corneous pieces filling the anterior sinuation of the proster-
num ; the latter is carinate posteriorly and the first ventral is
as in Parothius. The elytral punctures are not of the usual
type but, as in JParothius, are extremely minute and sparsely,
irregularly scattered, the ground sculpture being obsolete but
with the general surface feebly undulato-rugose in several
species ; the abdominal punctures are sparsely scattered and
are fine, though more strongly asperate than usual, and bear
rather long stiff reclining hairs. The elytra are glabrous,
with a row of small setae near the sutural bead, another on
the summit of the flanks and, generally, a medial row of very
few in all the species known to me, except the European
longicejjs, where they are sparsely setulose throughout as in
Parothius. Our species may be differentiated by the follow-
ins: characters : —
426 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
Head large, evidently wider than the elytra, the latter large and obviously
longer as well as wider than the prothorax. Body stout, parallel, only
moderately convex, shining, blackish-piceous throughout, the elytra
nubilously rufescent in nearly basal half; legs pale, the antennae darker,
rufous; head behind the antennae wider than long, parallel at the sides,
the angles broadly rounded as usual; front broadly impressed at the
middle and with a few setigerous punctures, with others also sparsely
scattered along the base and toward the sides; antennae with the sec-
ond joint obviously shorter than the third, the latter obconical and as
long as the next two combined; prothorax but slightly longer than
wide, much narrower than the head, with the sides very feebly converg-
ing posteriorly; elytra somewhat longer than wide, rather strongly
rugulose; abdomen behind the middle as wide as the elytra, finely,
sparsely punctulate toward the sides only, the median parts impunc-
tate. Male with the sixth ventral broadly, feebly and evenly arcuate at
tip, the female smaller in size and rather more slender, with the sixth
ventral narrower and more strongly though evenly rounded at tip.
Length 6.0-7.0 mm.; width 0.9-1.05 mm. New Hampshire (White
Mts.), British Columbia (Stickine River), Queen Charlotte and Prince
of Wales Islands macrocephalns Nord.
Head less developed, never wider than the elytra 2
2 — Elytra equal in length to the prothorax. Body smaller in size than the
preceding and more convex, blackish-piceous when mature, with the
abdomen paler and rufous, gradually clouded posteriorly with faintly
darker plceous, the elytra nubilously pale at the basal margin and some-
times narrowly along the suture; legs and antennae pale rufous; head
behind the antennae scarcely as long as wide, parallel at the sides,
almost punctureless, except a few large setigerous punctures scattered
along the base, a few at the sides and a very large setigerous puncture
in the usual position above each eye; front broadly, feebly impressed;
antennae with the third joint only slightly longer than the second and
nearly as long as the next two combined; neck about three-fifths as
wide as the head in the male, not quite so wide in the female; protho-
rax but little longer than wide and only very slightly narrower than the
head in the male, rather more distinctly narrower in the female, the
sides subparallel and broadly arcuate ; elytra quadrate, slightly wider
than the prothorax, polished, almost completely impunctate, feebly un-
dulato-rugulose ; abdomen almost as wide as the elytra, rather finely but
asperately, conspicuously and sparsely punctate, more sparsely and ob-
soletely so toward the middle. Male with the body noticeably stouter,
the sixth ventral broadly and evenly rounded behind, the female hav-
ing the same segment almost similar, being but slightly more narrowly
and strongly rounded. Length 5.6 mm.; width 0.85-0.95 mm. Lake
Superior americanus n. sp.
Elytra distinctly shorter than the prothorax; basal angles of the head
broadly rounded as usual 3
8 — Body perfectly parallel, the head, prothorax and elytra equal in width.
Rather slender in form, convex, shining, evenly ferruginous in color
throughout the body, legs and antennae, the elytra not at all darker at
any point; head rather well developed, fully as wide as the elytra in the
male, rather narrower in the female, slightly wider than long behind the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 427
antennae in the former, as long as wide in ttie latter, parallel at the
sides; antennae with the second and third joints about equal in length
and thickness in both sexes and each somewhat shorter than the fourth
and fifth combined; surface almost impunctate but with the usual setig-
erons punctures, a few along the base, a larger one at the sides behind
and another above each eye, also one or two behind the point of antennal
insertion, and, on the front, in transverse line just behind the large
feeble frontal impression, there are two smaller punctures separated
by about a fifth of the interocular width; prothorax as wide as the head
In the male, just visibly wider in the female, between a fifih and sixth
longer than wide, parallel and feebly arcuate at the sides with broadly
rounded angles, the surface with the usual punctures and very minute
wavy strigilation ; elytra unusually small, quadrate, equal in width to
the prothorax but much shorter, subimpunctate and only very feebly
rugulose, shining; abdomen as wide as the elytra, finely, sparsely
panctate, obsoletely so toward the middle. Male with the sixth ven-
tral narrow, transversely and rectilinearly truncate at tip, the female
with the apex of the same segment broadly, evenly rounded. Length
5.8 mm.; width 0.78 mm. Idaho (Coeur d' Alene), — H. F. Wickham.
qnadripennis n. sp.
Body not parallel, the head small in both sexes and the elytra relatively
larger 4
4 — Form rather stout in the male, less so in the female, shining, the head
and abdomen pale piceo-rufous, the prothorax clear and pale rufous,
the elytra black, with the basal margin and sutural bead nubiliously
pale; legs and antennae pale ferruginous; head behind the antennae
very slightly transverse in the male, about as long as wide in the fe-
male, parallel, with the usual setigerous punctures as in quadripennis ;
prothorax much wider than the head in both saxes, with parallel and
feebly arcuate sides and broadly rounded angles, only jast visibly longer
than wide in the male, narrower and fully a sixth longer than wide in
the female, the usual dorsal punctures well developed in the latter sex,
the transverse median pair wholly obsolete in the male; elytra rather
large, quadrate, evidently shorter and wider than the prothorax in both
sexes, shining and but feebly rugulose, with some very floe and sparsely
scattered nude punctules; abdomen parallel, nearly as wide as the
elytra, the fine asperate punctures strong and conspicuous, oaly moder-
ately sparse and but slightly less developed along the median parts.
Male with the fifth ventral feebly sinaato-truncate, the sixth much nar-
rower, with a feeble rounded apical sinus half as wide as the entire
segment and about six times as wide as deep, the second antennal joint
evidently shorter than the third and of about equal thickness, the latter
as long as the fourth and fifth combined; female with the sixth ventral
broadly, evenly rounded at tip, the second antennal joint fully as long
as the third and thicker, the latter not as long as the next two com-
bined. Length 4.8-5.4 ram.; width 0.83-0.9 mm. California (Lake
Tahoe) puuctirentris Fall
Form more slender, the size smaller, equally convex and shining, pale and
almost uniform testaceous throughout the body, legs and antennae, the
elytra nubilously and gradually shaded with blackish or piceous behind
basal two-fifths or thereabouts; head about as long as wide behind the
428 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
antennae in both sexes, parallel, with the usual broad and feeble frontal
impression and setigerous punctures; prothorax nearly similar in the
sexes and more elongate than in the preceding species, about a sixth
longer than wide and just visibly wider than the head in both; sides
parallel and feebly arcuate, with the angles broadly rounded, the usual
discal punctures, including the transverse median pair, distinct in both
sexes ; elytra quadrate, evidently shorter than the prothorax but only
just visibly wider, smaller than in punctiventris but otherwise nearly
similar; abdomen as wide as the elytra, punctured nearly as in the pre-
ceding species but more closely. Male with sexual characters nearly
as in punctiventris, the shallow sinuationof the sixth ventral even wider
and more feeble, being about eight or nine times as wide as deep, the
second and third antennal joints equal in length and thickness, and
each distinctly shorter than the fourth and fifth combined; female with
the sixth ventral broadly and evenly rounded, the second antennal joint
evidently longer and thicker than the third, the latter relatively still
smaller than in the male, the body slightly smaller and more slender as
usual. Length 4.3-4.8 mm.; width 0.75-0.78 mm. California (Siski-
you Co.) fraternus n. sp.
The species described above under the name americanus is
the one that has long figured in our lists as the European
pilicornis Payk., but a carefully identified example of the
latter species sent me by Mr. Reitter, shows that there is not
even a close resemblance between them, the prothorax of pili-
cornis being much shorter and narrower than the elytra, the
latter being even more largely developed. In addition, the
coloration is different and the head notably larger, more
transverse and with numerous large dorsal punctures, of
which there is not a trace in the American species. Of
jmnctivenfris I have before me three examples, two females
and one male. The females have the transverse medial pair
of pronotal punctures well developed, but the male has no
vestige of them and is the only specimen in my cabinet, of
either American or European species, in which these setigerous
punctures are not distinctly evident and very regular in
formation. It is almost impossible to believe that their
absence in this single male is not a malformation, although in
such cases, concerning characters of such persistence, there
is usually a trace of one or both at least on one side, but here
they are completely wanting, without even a vestige on either
side. If by further examination this be found to be a male
sexual peculiarity of punctiventris^ it will constitute an addi-
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 429
tional and very singular specific character. The ongiceps,
of Fauvel, which by some mistake has found its way to our
lists, does not occur here; it is an aberrant species in hav-
ing the elytra sparsely setulose throughout, as above re-
marked, and I know of no American form to which it is at
all closely related.
Subtribe Diochi.
The chief characters distinguishing this subtribe are the
slender maxillary palpi, with the third joint elongate and but
feebly enlarged from base to apex and densely clothed with
minute recumbent pubescence in addition to the longer tactile
setae, the fourth joint being extremely small and slender,
aciculate and very oblique, the normal elytral suture and the
smaller, less transverse mentum. The antennae are of the
Xantholinid type, densely clothed with fine pubescence except
toward base, but are more slender than usual and are more
widely separated at base as in the Othii, with the epistoma
short, broad and trapezoidal between them. A character
which appears to be widely divergent from anything known
in the two preceding tribes, is the larger, less transverse,
broadly rounded and entire labrum, with a very minute median
denticle at the apical margin and the mandibles in Diochus are
arcuate, not grooved externally but with the outer edge
acute. The fine close-set punctures of the abdomen are also
different fix)m anything occurring elsewhere in the tribe, so
that, as a whole, Diochus is sufficiently isolated to demand
without doubt subtribal distinction. The single known genus
may be described as follows : —
Body very small in size and slender, pointed before and betilnd or fusoid in
outline, the head very small, elongate, without frontal grooves or im-
pressions, evenly convex and unmodified on the flanks behind the rather
well developed and somewhat coarsely faceted eyes, the latter not sur-
rounded by a groove or impression; basal angles very broadly rounded;
gular sutures strong, straight, widely separated anteriorly, gradually
converging and becoming contiguous or nearly so at the extreme base
only; prothorax elongate, comparatively large, narrowed from the base
to the subcircularly rounded apex, the side margins acute to the apex;
neck narrow, abotit a fourth as wide as the head; prosternum tumid in
the middle posteriorly, the surface turned slightly upward anteriorly;
430 Trans. Acad. iSci. of St. Louis.
elytra impunctate except three or four rows of widely spaced setigerous
punctures, glabrous except along the lower part of the ioflexed flanks,
where there is some sparse reclining pubescence ; abdomen finely, closely
punctulate and pubescent throughout; middle coxae very large, con-
tiguous, extending from the middle virtually to the sides of the body,
with the exposed surface flat, the anterior coxae very large and promi-
nent as usual; legs moderately stout, the anterior tar.si strongly di-
lated, rather less strongly so in the female^ the posterior slender, fili-
form, closely clothed throughout with very short inclined setulose pu-
bescence, the basal joint much longer than ihe second, the first four joints
rapidly decreasing in length. Probably cosmopolitan Dioclms
I have had no opportunity to compare the European species
with our own, but presume there is no generic difference of
any kind ; the above description is drawn throughout from
the American representatives.
Diochus Erichs.
The general habitus of this genus is unique in the present
tribe, the remarkably small elongate head being proportion-
ally less developed than in any other Staphylinid type that I
can recall at present; this, with the anteriorly and not poste-
riorly narrowed protliorax, f usoid outline and fine close pubes-
cence of the abdomen, adds to the disparity. The prothorax
has a broadly and evenly arcuate base, quite as evenly but more
strongly rounded apex, with very broadly rounded angles, and
the dorsal surface has four small setigerous punctures near the
middle, forming an elongate parallelogram, and, more anterior-
ly and nearer each side, there is a larger setigerous puncture;
further still toward each side there is an arcuate longitudinal
series of about four punctures, also a few scattered along the
edges throughout the periphery. The head has a number of
setigerous punctures sparsely scattered toward the sides but
otherwise is impunctate. The pronotum has no trace of
wavy strigilation or other minute ground sculpture so usual in
the Xantholini and Othii; the surface is highly polished
throughout, the abdomen being dullish because of the dense
fine vestiture. The species are apparently more numerous in
America than in Europe; they are very active, running with
greater velocity when disturbed than is usually the case in the
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 431
preceding subtribes. The descriptions given below are de-
rived from the male, except that oi pallidiceps, which is taken
from the female : —
Head black or blackish, the abdomea black to piceous 2
Head pale piceous-browQ, the abdomen black, with the tip paler 5
2 — Elytra distinctly shorter than wide; head narrower, more rounded at
base 8
Elytra longer, nearly as long as wide; head wider, more truncate at base.. 4
3 — Moderately slender, piceous, the prolhorax paler and more flavate, the
elytra blackish in maturity, with the apical margin pale, the head
piceous-black; legs pale, the antennae dusky, paler toward base; head
very narrow and elongate, the eyes small but rather prominent, the
sides behind them subparallel and feebly arcuate; prothorax large,
elongate, one-half wider than the head, widest near the base as usual;
elytra not very much shorter than wide, three- fourths as long as the
prothorax, the sides feebly diverging, almost continuous in direction
with those of the prothorax; abdomen large, fully as wide as the elytra,
about half as long as the body, gradually tapering behind, the sixth
segment narrowly trapezoidal. Male with the fifth ventral broadly
truncate, becoming visibly though feebly sinuate toward the middle,
the sixth segment with a feeble, rounded, indefinitely limited sinus,
about a third as wide as the apex and five or six times as wide as deep,
the antennae one-half longer than the head, slender, feebly incrassate
distally, the second and third joints equal and elongate, each nearly as
long as the next two combined; female with the prothorax relatively
smaller, narrower and more narrowed anteriorly, the antennae nearly
similar but somewhat shorter, the sixth ventral broadly and very evenly
rounded behind. Length 3.8-4.0 mm.; width 1). 65 mm. Rhode Island,
North Carolina (Asheville), Missouri and Texas (Galveston).
schanmi Kr.
Nearly similar throughout to the preceding but distinctly more slender,
dark piceous-brown, the head more blackish, the prothorax paler and
more flavate; legs and antennae similar; head as in schaumi, the eyes
rather less prominent; prothorax narrower and slishtly more ekngate,
rather more narrowed anteriorly and not quite one-halt wider than the
head; elytra notably shorter, very much shorter than wide and about
three-fifths as long as the prothorax, the sides feebly diverging from
the base la the directiun of the sides of the prothorax; abdomen sim-
ilar to that of schaumi but acutely pointed behind, each dorsal with a
median transverse series of widely spaced setigerous punctures as
usual. Male with the apex of the fifth ventral similarly sinuate toward
the middle, the sixth with a rather larger but otherwise similar sinus at
tip, nearly half as wide as the apex and about five times as wide as
deep; female with the sixth ventral broadly, feebly and vt-ry evenly
arcuate at tip, the form of the body and prothorax not differing appre-
ciably from the male. Length 3.2-3.7 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Virginia,
North Carolina (Asheville) and Missouri breyipennis n. sp.
i — Body mueh stouter, the head and abdomen black or blackish, the
432 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
prothorax pale, the antennae darker, rufous, the elytra plceo -rufous
to piceous-black throughout; head rather wider than In schaumi and
' moi'e broadly rounded at base, elongate as usual; prothorax very
large, only about a fifth longer than wide, fully one-half wider than
the head, with all the angles broadly rounded as usual and with the
feebly arcuate sides converging anteriorly between the basal and
apical angles; discal punctures as usual; elytra well developed,
slightly wider than the prothorax and from four-fifths to five-sixths
as long, the sides moderately diverging from the basal angles;
abdomen fully as wide as the elytra, tapering toward tip as usual.
Male with sexnal characters nearly as In the preceding, the fifth ventral
very feebly sinuate in median third, the sixth with a rather strong api-
cal sinus, occupying almost half the width and about five times as wide
as deep but rather larger, deeper and more angular or less broadly
rounded at the bottom than In schaumi, the antennae similar to those of
the preceding species. Length 3.7 mm.; width 0.72 mm. New York
(Long Island) thoracicus n. sp.
6 — Body less fusiform than in thoracicus and much stouter than in schaumi,
the head and elytra rufo-piceous, the prothorax paler, the abdomen
blackish with the apex pale ; legs and three basal joints of the antennae
pale testaceous, the remainder of the latter blackish; head elongate,
relatively larger than in schaumi, arcuato -truncate at base with the
sides parallel, the basal angles and antennae almost similar, the eyes
notably larger and equally prominent; prothorax much narrower and
more elongate, with less converging sides than in the female of schaumi
but otherwise similar, scarcely more than a third wider than the head;
elytra well developed, scarcely visibly shorter than wide, but little
shorter than the prothorax and nearly a third wider, the sides diverg-
ing nearly in the direction of those of the prothorax as usual, the
humeri more laterally exposed at base than in schaumi; abdomen nearly
similar to that of the three preceding species, at base fully as wide as
the elytra, tapering posteriorly, the tip narrow. Female with the fifth
ventral evenly and rectilinearly truncate, the sixth more elongate and
tapering than in the male as usual, the apex broadly, feebly and evenly
arcuate. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.68 mm. Texas (Austin).
paliidiceps n. sp.
Brevipennis is very closely allied to schaumi tind inhabits
almost identically the same geographical regions ; it may
therefore prove to be nothing more than a subspecies or
dimorphic stage. It can only be said at present that there is
no trouble whatever in separating the two forms, brevipennis
having noticeably shorter elytra in both sexes and differing
further in its slightly smaller size and still more slender out-
line. Thoracicus is distinct in a number of striking features
of form, structure and coloration, and it is doubtless a fully
differentiated species ; the elytra, when black, do not have
Casey — Observations on the Staphylinidae. 433
the pale apical margin noticeable in the corresponding ex-
amples of Schaumi.*
* The following sp occurs in South Africa in the neighborhood of
the Cape : —
Slender, piceous-black, shining, the elytra sometimes pale along the suture
and at apex; le, the antennae blackish; head small, parallel,
elongate, with rounded basal angles, the surface convex and with fine
scattered punctures along the base of the occiput, on the flanks and on
the under surface, elsewhere impunctate, except a setigerous puncture
at the middle of the upper margin of the eye, and, at each side of the
middle in apical half, a longitudinal series of some four or five
similar punctures; surface minutely strigilate, very feebly behind but
more finely, strongly and subreticularly anteriorly ; eyes rather promi-
nent; prothorax much wider than the head, oblong, scarcely visibly
narrowed anteriorly, the apex and base subequal and broadly rounded,
nearly a third longer than wide, with the sides feebly arcuate, the angles
rounded; disk convex, with an oblong quadrilateral of four punctures
at the centre, one more anterior and slightly more lateral, and an arcu-
ate sublateral series of three or four punctures anteriorly at each side;
also others disposed along the lateral and anterior margins; elytra much
wider but distinctly shorter than the prothorax, fully as long as wide,
each with three series of setigerous punctures, otherwise punctureless;
abdomen at base as wide as the elytra, finely, moderately closely, as-
perately punctulate and with fine decumbent pubescence in addition to
the tactile setae bristling from the sides, present also at the sides of the
head, prothorax and elytra. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.48 mm. Well-
ington astntns n. sp.
The sixth ventral of the male is scarcely more than half as wide as the
fifth, with its apex sinuato -truncate; the anterior tarsi of the same sex are
broadly dilated.
ADDENDUM.
During the course of the present work the following exotic
genera and species, or those occurring beyond the limits of
the nearctic fauna, have been described as new : —
NAME. NATIVE COUNTRY. PAGE.
Ctenochara Europe 128 , 134
Notiochara . South Africa 129, 134
N. subaspera '♦ c 134
N. stibiosa *« 135
Polystomota Europe 132, 136
434 Trans. Acad. Sci. of iSt. Louis.
NAME. NATIVE COUNTRY. PAGE.
Baryodma composita Mexico 164
B. bisolata South Africa 319
Neolara cubana Cuba 188
Amanota South Africa 187, 189
A. capensis " 189
TachyusiHa Europe 213
Tachyusota , South Africa 213
T. gemma " 213
Lophagria Europe 225, 230
Falagrioma " 226,230
Mekigria, " 227, 230
Ditropalia " 262,263
Typhkisida " 263
Eumicrota azteca Mexico , 284
E. coruuta Cuba 284
Phanerota cubensis '♦ 288
Drusillota polita South Africa 321
Araeocnemis lauta Panama 360
Hyptioma Cuba 361
H. cubensis ♦* .... 361
Dinolinus Neotropics 366, 373
Xanthohypnus Central America 367, 374
Idiolinus Europe 368, 375
Notolinus South Africa 371, 375
N. grossulus * * 376
N. fumipennis •• 376
N. parvus . '• 376
Notolinopsis •♦ 371,377
N. incultus " 378
N. latitarsis •* 378
N. languidus '• 378
N. capensis ** 379
N. diligens " 379
Saurohypnus dugesi Mexico 373
Homalolinus atronitens .... Guatemala 374
Leptacinodes perexilis Europe 403
Othiellus •♦ 422,423
Diochus astutus South Africa 433
Issued N'ovember 22, 1906.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOIi. XVI. No. 7.
KINDERHOOK FAUNAL STUDIES.
IV. THE FAUNA OF THE GLEN PARK LIMESTONE.
STUART WELLER.
^' Issiied December 11, 1906.
KINDERHOOK FAUNAL STUDIES. IV. THE FAUNA
OF THE GLEN PARK LIMESTONE.*
Stuart Weller.
Introduction.
The attention of the writer was first directed to the exceed-
ingly interesting fauna described in the present paper, by Mr.
E. O. Ulrich of the United States Geological Survej^ and two
trips were made to the locality in the Autumn of 1904 for the
purpose of securing a quantity of the material for study. Two
barrels of the abundantly fossiliferous limestone were secured,
and enough of this material has been broken up to supply a
good representation of the fauna.
The locahty where the fauna occurs is at Goetz's lime
quarry, just below Glen Park station on the St. Louis, Iron
Mountain and Southern Railroad, about twenty-five miles
south of St. Louis, in Jefferson County, Missouri. In order
to give a proper understanding of the stratigraphic relations
of the bed bearing the fauna it will be necessary to describe
briefly the entire section at this locality. Starting from the
bottom, the following section is well exposed in the quarry,
and in the railroad cut and the slope above, at the eastern side
of the same hill. The lower layers are best exposed in the
quarry side of the hill, while the higher beds are only to be
seen above the railroad cut.
1. The quarry rock. A light colored highly crystalline
limestone with many fossils. The fossils occur conspicuously
in several bands, and consist of bryozoa, brachipods, pelecy-
pods, gastropods, trilobites, etc., many of them finely pre-
served. The fauna indicates the Trenton age of the limestone,
but it is quite different from the fauna of the Trenton lime-
stone of the east. This limestone is well exposed at many
* Preseuted by title to Tae Academy of Scienoe of St. Louis, June 5,
1905.
(435)
436 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
localities in the river bluffs iu northern Jefferson County ,
and is called by Mr. Ulrich the Kimmswick limestone.*
Thickness from the bottom of the quarry, 55 feet.
2. Harder, darker colored, brownish or bluish limestone,
apparantly somewhat siliceous. Fossils abundant, especially
the brachiopod Rhyiichotrema capax, which indicates the
Eichmond age of the bed. This stratum is apparently con-
formable upon the limestone below, but the fossils indicate a
much younger age, and when a series of sections are examined
some distance apart, it is seen to rest upon different beds of
the Kimmswick limestone at different localities. The uncon-
formity of bed No. 2 upon bed No. 1 is therefore demon-
strated both by paleontologic and stratigraphic evidence. f
Thickness, 1 foot, 6 inches.
3. Shaly layer of varying characteristics. On the quarry
side of the hill this bed is generally yellow in color and is
sparingly fossiliferous, the only fossils observed being small
pelecypods of upper Ordovician age, specifically identical with
forms occuring in the Maquoketa shales in Iowa. In its
upper portion this bed has been reworked by the sea in which
the superjacent beds were deposited, disturbing its stratifica-
tion and occasionally introducing a fossil of the younger beds.
In the upper reworked portion of this bed phosphatic nodules
occur in greater or less abundance. The Ordovician age of
this shale is established, however, by the presence of the
Maquoketa pelecypods in the undisturbed portion of the bed.
On the opposite face of the hill above the railroad cut, this
same interval is occupied by a more uniform, brownish, thin
bedded, fissile shale, which weathers gray on the outside, and
in which no fossils have been seen .
Thickness, 4 feet.
4. Light colored, oolitic, fossilferous limestone, containing
the fauna described in the present paper. On the quarry side
♦ Mo. Bureau Geol nd Mines. Vol. 2, 2nd series, p. 111.
t The recognition of the relations of these two beds of Ordovician lime-
stone, and also of the Maquoketa fauna of the shale bed No. 3, is entirely
due to the observations of Mr. Ulrich, although all the points have been
confirmed by the writer.
Weller — Kinderliook Faunal Studies. 437
of the hill this bed is discontinuous, appearing as lenticular
limestone masses in the shale. The upper surfaces of these
masses occupy a similar horizon but their lower surfaces are
irregular. On the opposite side of the hill above the rail-
road cut, this layer is a continuous limestone band, more
evenly bedded and with innumerable fossils in a better state
of preservation. The age of this limestone is shown by
the fauna to be early Mississippian, so demonstrating the fact
of a long interval between the time of its desposition and that
of the subjacent shale. Ulrich has given the name Glen
Park Limestone to this formation.* Another exposure of the
bed, containing the same species of fossils, is seen at a lower
level by the side of the railroad, just north of Sulphur
Spring station, and it doubtless occurs elsewhere in the neigh-
borhood.
Thickness, 1 foot, 3 inches.
5. Sandy shale layer. Above the railroad cut this is a
continuous bed of similar texture, but on the quarry side of
the hill, where the oolitic limestone is not a continuous bed,
this layer apparently rests immediately upon the shaly bed
No. 3 between the lenticular limestone masses, so that these
limestone masses appear to be imbedded in and entirely sur-
rounded with a common shaly formation.
Thickness, ± 4 inches.
6. Yellow, fine grained sandstone, becoming brown upon
the weathered surface, to which Ulrich has given the name
Bushberg sandstone. f No fossils have been observed. The
full thickness is exposed only above the railroad cut.
Thickness, 14 feet.
7. Hard, somewhat crystalline, yellow or gray limestone.
Fossils present but not abundant, the genera Spirifer, Pro-
ductus, Athyris and PZa^yce?'a.s being recognized. The fauna
is hardly sufficient for diagnosis, but considering the fauna of
the beds above, it can be definitely referred to the Kinder-
hook.
Thickness, 4 feet.
* Loc. cit., p. 110.
t Loc. cit., p. 110.
438 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
8. Unexposed, probably a softer, red calcareous shale cov-
ered with talus.
Thickness, 6 feet.
9. Red limestone with greenish blotches, the green color
becoming somewhat more marked towards the top, capped by
a conspicuous chert band six to eight inches in thickness. In
the midst of this bed, besides some scattered chert masses,
are two conspicuous, continuous chert bands, each four inches
in thickness, one three feet and the other six feet from the
base of the bed. Fossils are abundant, the fauna being typic-
ally Kinderhook with Spirifervernonensis, Athyrislamellosa,
Leptaena rho7nboidaUs, Productus, Evactinopora radiata,
Cyathaxonia, etc. This red, more or less argillaceous lime-
stone formation has a rather wide geographic distribution,
and always contains its own characteristic fauna. In the
railroad cut between Sulphur Springs and Kimmswick, two
miles north of Glen Park, this bed is much better exposed and
more highly fossiliferous than in the Goetz quarry section.
It is again exposed near Fern Glen station on the Missouri
Pacific Railroad, on the Meramec river, twenty miles west of
St. Louis. A small collection of its characteristic fossils, in
the same reddish matrix, has been examined from Jersey
County, Illinois, and the formation undoubtedly extends as
far north as that. Because of its good exposure at Fern
Glen, the formation may be called the Fern Glen formation.
In the Goetz quarry section the formation undoubtedly in-
cludes also the unexposed bed No. 8.
Thickness, 8 feet, 6 inches.
10. More or less crystalline, greenish gray limestone, with
three continuous chert bands. This bed does not differ essen-
tially from the subjacent layer except in color, and even this
bed is slightly red below, the change from the dominantly
red to the dominantly gray or green being a gradual and not
an abrupt transition. Fossils are less abundant than in the
bed below.
Thickness, 7 feet.
11. Limestone similar to that below, but entirely lacking
the red color. Much chert present, usually in more or less
Weller — KinderJiook Faunal Studies. 439
continuous bands a few inches in thickness. Many crinoid
stems shown upon the weathered surfaces, with Spirifer
grimesi and other large brachiopods. This bed and those
overlying it may be correlated with the Burlington limestone.
The line separating the Burlington from beds of Kinderhook
age in this section is not entirely clear, but it should probably
be drawn at the top of the red bed.
Thickness, 18 feet.
From the above section it will be seen that the Glen Park
limestone occupies a position immediately above a great un-
conformity. This unconformity is not local but is the same
great break in sedimentation which is recognized widely
throughout the Mississippi valley. The beds below the un-
conformity at the locality under discussion, are of upper Or-
dovician age, but in many places they are much older; the
beds above the same unconformity are everywhere in the
Mississippi valley, of late Devonian or early Mississippian age.
The determination of the exact age of the Glen Park limestoue
is wholly dependant upon its faunal characteristics, and will
be discussed later, but from the line of unconformity upward,
the sedimentation was apparently continuous without a break,
and very soon passes into beds which are unquestionably of
lower Mississippian age.
Description of Species.
COE L.ENTER .\T A .
ACTINOZOA.
Zaphrentis sp. undet.
Plate 1, fig, 1.
A few specimens of a small, straight, horn-shaped coral
have been observed, but the material is iasuffioieut for its
more exact determination.
ECHINODERM AT A .
CRINOIDEA.
AcTiNOCRiNUS ? sp. undet.
Plate 1, figs. 2-3.
Numerous detached crinoid plates, nodose in the center and
440 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
ornamented with radiating ridges, are present in the Glen
Park limestone. In only a few instances are there more than
single plates preserved together, but in one specimen five
plates are preserved in their natural position. None of the
basals are present but there is one radial supporting a costal
with an interbrachial on each side. The fifth plate is in the
same line with the radial, but is not truncated above for the
support of a costal and therefore must be the anal plate.
This anal plate, being pointed above for the support of two
nterbrachials, indicates the family Actinocrinidae with cer-
tainty, and the specimens are referred provisionally to the
genus ActinocrinuSy although better material is necessary for
a more certain determination.
Agaricocrinus? sp. undet.
Plate 2, fig. 4.
An incomplete crinoid, preserving only an hexagonal base
of three equal plates, and four plates of the radial-anal row,
is preserved in the collection from Glen Park. The specimen
is too incomplete to determine whether the posterior inter-
brachial area possesses the characters of the Batocrinidae or
of the Actinocrinidae, but the horozontal position of the basal
and radial plates present is strongly suggestive of the genus
Agaricocrinus and there can be but little doubt of the cor-
rectness of this generic identification.
MOL.L.USCOIDEA.
BKACHIOPODA.
Orthothetes chemunqensis (Con.).
Plate 1, figs. 5-6.
One of the common species in the Glen Park fauna is a
member of the genus Orthothetes, which is indistinguishable
from the common 0. chemungensis of the eastern middle and
upper Devonian faunas. The Glen Park specimens are all
imperfect, for the most part being broken valves. Their
average size is less than that of the eastern representatives of
the species, but this fact is in keeping with the general char-
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 441
acter of the fauna, nearly all of the species recoo^nized being
smaller than their close allies in the Hamilton faunas.
Chonetes glenparkensis, n. sp.
Plate 1, Jig. 7.
Description. Shell rather small, pedicle valve inflated,
with small, depressed auriculations towards the cardinal ex-
tremities. Surface marked by 28 to 30 rounded costae at the
margin, many of which bifurcate at about the middle of the
valve. The minute surface markings consist of line concen-
tric costae which are strongest upon the tops of the ribs.
Number and character of the cardinal spines not determined.
The dimensions of a pedicle valve are: length, 6.5 mm.;
width, 8 mm.; convexity, 3.5 mm.
Remarks. This species is closely allied to C. logani of the
Kinderhook faunas. It has the same sort of fine concentric
markings, but it may be distinguished by its much coarser
radiating costae, and by its somewhat greater inflation.
Besides the species of Chonetes just described, there are
two other members of the genus in the Glen Park fauna
represented by material too imperfect for identification or de-
scription. The first of these (plate 1, fig. 8-12), isthecom-
monest of the three species. All the specimens which have
been observed were more or less waterworn before being
fossilized. The dimensions of an average specimen are:
length, 7 mm.; width, 9 ram.: and convexity, 2 mm. The
surface is marked by 45 to 50 rounded costae, but the finer
surface markings have been destroyed on all the specimens
examined. In all the specimens in their present condition,
the hinge line is a little shorter than the greatest width of
the shell, the cardinal extremities being rounded, but this
may be due to their worn condition since the lines of growth
meet the hinge-line at nearly right angles. The spines have
usually been entirely destroyed, but their eroded bases may
occasionally be detected, although it is not possible to deter-
mine their number or their direction. These specimens have
something of the aspect of O. logani, but this species cannot
be certainly recognized without the fine surface markings.
442 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
The third species of Chonetes in the fauna is represented
by a single specimen. It is smaller and proportionally nar-
rower than the last one, the length and breath being nearly
equal, 6.5 mm., and it is more strongly convex with rounded
radiating costae. The finer surface markings cannot be de-
termined.
Camarotoechia sp. undet.
Several incomplete specimens of a rhynchonelloid shell
having the aspect of members of the genus Camarotoechia,
occur in the Glen Park fauna. Except for a few very imma-
ture individuals, all the specimens observed are seperate
valves, all of which are more or less imperfect so that they
cannot be certainly identified. One of the larger specimens
has a length and width each of 10 mm.
EUNELLA COMPRESSA n. Sp.
Plate 1, Jigs. 13-16.
Description. Shell small, lenticular, compressed, the two
valves subequally convex, subovate to subcircular in outline,
longer than wide or sometimes wider than long, the greatest
width at or posterior to the mid-length of the shell. Pedicle
valve with an acute, erect beak ; foramen circular or somewhat
oval; pseudodeltidium well developed; the surface flattened
along the median line from the beak to the anterior margin
and somewhat compressed on either side, giving to most spec-
imens the appearance of having two indistinct elevations, one
©neither side of the flattened region, extending from the beak to
the front margin. Brachial valve usually slightly more convex
than the pedicle valve, most prominent posteriorly, flattened
along the median line to correspond with the flattened region
of the opposite valve; biachidium not clearly made but, but
its lenofth is about one-half the length of the shell. Surface
of both valves smooth, shell structure finely punctate.
The dimensions of one specimen are: length 6 mm., width
5 mm., thickness 2 mm.; of another broader specimen:
length 6 mm., width 6.5 mm., thickness 2.8 mm.
Memarks. This is one of the common species of the fauna
and frequently occurs as complete specimens. In the erect
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 443
beak of its pedicle valve and the well developed pseudodelti-
diuni, it differs notably from the terebratuloid shells of the
genus Dielasma commonly present in the Mississippian faunas,
and it has much more the aspect of certain Devonian shells.
In the characters of the beak as well as in the length of the
brachidium, the shells agree with the definition of the genus
Eunella. The complete form of the brachidium has not
been determined in the Glen Park specimens, only the pri-
mary lamellae having been observed, but these determine the
length of the loop, and in the genus J5'«??e?/a the recurved con-
necting lamella is always feebly developed and has usually
been destroyed.
The species may be cDmpared with E . lincklaeni Hall, from
the eastern Hamilton fauna, but the shell is smaller and much
more compressed and may be easily distinguished by its con-
spicuous median flattened region on each valve.
Cryptonella? sp. undet.
Several specimens of a terebratuloid shell have been ob-
served, the larger of which are several times the size of mem-
bers of the species last described. These specimens are all sep-
arated valves, but they indicate species not only larger but also
much thicker than the last. The beak of the pedicle valve is
erect so that the pseudodeltidium is well developed, and the
foramen rather large. The aspect of the shell is much more
that of the Devonian species referred to the genus Crypto-
nella or some of its near allies, than to the Mississippian
members of the genus Dielasma ^ with their more strongly in-
curved beaks. The form of the brachidium has not been
observed, so that the true generic position of the shells can-
not be certainly determined.
AtRTPA 8PIN08A Hall.
Plate 1, fig. 17.
A single small specimen of this species has been detected in
the Glen Park fauna. Its length and breadth are equal, both
being 7 mm., and its thickness is 3 mm. Its markings consist
of rather coarse, radiating plications with lamellose, concen-
tric Hues of growth, which are more produced upon the tops
444 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
of the ribs. This specimen agrees closely with typical Ham-
ilton individuals of the species of the same size, or with the
corresponding portion of the shell in larger individuals.
Spirifer jeffersonensis n. sp.
Plate 1, Jigs. 18-22.
Description. Shell of medium size, wider than long, the
cardinal extremities rounded, the hinge-line a little shorter
than the greatest width. Pedicle valve strongly convex, the
beak incurved : cardinal area high, concave, the cardinal mar-
gins rounding into the lateral slopes of the shell, the delthy-
rium broadly triangular; sinus moderately shallow, rounded
in the bottom, well defined at its sides, usually marked by
two more or less indistinct, sometimes nearly obsolete plica-
tions; lateral slopes slightly concave or convex from the
umbo to the cardinal extremities, convex antero-laterally.
Brachial valve moderately convex: the fold sharply defined,
but little elevated above the general surface of the valve in
the posterior half, sometimes becoming more strongly ele-
vated towards the front, indistinctly marked by three or four
low, rounded plications which are often apparently obsolete;
lateral slopes convex from the umbo to the antero-lateral
margins, curving more abruptly to the cardinal margin. Each
valve marked by from eight to twelve, usually nine or ten,
simple rounded plications upon each of its lateral slopes ; the
entire surface also marked by fine concentric lines of growth.
The dimensions of a nearly perfect pedicle valve are: width
22.5 mm., length from beak to anterior margin 18 mm.,
height of area 7 mm., width of delthyrium at hinge-line
7 mm. The dimensions of a brachial valve are : width 22 mm.,
length 15 mm., convexity 6 mm.
Remarks. At first sight this Spirifer, with its elevated
cardinal area and the inconspicious plications of the fold and
sinus, suggests the genus Syringothyris, but it lacks the
punctate shell structure of that genus and also the character-
istic syrinx. The condition of the plications of the fold and
sinus is a variable character, in a few of the specimens ex-
amined they are perfectly evident, in others they are nearly
obsolete and in a few brachial valves they seem to be entirely
Welle7' — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 445
lacking. The elevation of the fold of the brachial valve is
another variable character, in some individuals it being quite
strongly elevated at the anterior margin of the shell while in
others it is not conspicuously elevated.
The species is quite distinct from any of the recognized
species of the Kinderhook faunas, neither is it closely allied
to any of the later Devonian forms .
Delthyris MISS0URIEN8IS n. sp.
Plate 1; Jigs. 23-26.
Description. Shell small, wider than long, the hinge-line
usually a little shorter than the greatest width. Pedicle
valve strongly convex, with a medium septum internally, the
umbo prominent, beak a little incurved ; the cardin irea
of moderate height, concave, delthyrium narrowly triangular;
lateral slopes convex antero-laterally, the slopes from the
umbo to the cardinal extremities sometimes slightly concave,
the cardinal margins angular ; sinus well defined to the beak,
rather shallow, rounded or somewhat flattened in the bottom.
Brachial valve regularly convex except towards the cardinal
extremities where it is more or less compressed ; fold sharply
defined, not greatly elevated abore the general surface of
the valve. Each valve marked by three or four strong,
rounded plications upon each lateral slope, becoming success-
ively smaller in passing towards the cardinal extremities;
surface of each valve also marked by strong crowded lamel-
lose lines of growth.
The dimensions of a large pedicle valve are : length from
beak to front margin 10 mm., width 12.5 mm., convexity at
umbo 5 mm.; the dimensions of a large brachial valve are:
length 8.5 mm., width 13 mm., convexity 3.7 mm.
Remarks. Most of the specimens of this species are con-
siderably smaller than the dimensions given above, the width
of a large number of individuals being less than 5 mm. The
brachial valves are much more commonly preserved than
the pedicle valves.
These shells have the general aspect of several species from
the lower Misissippian faunas commonly referred to the
446 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
genus Spiriferijia, but noae of tlie specimens show the
punctate shell structure of that genus although the medium
septum and the strongly lamellose concentric surface mark-
ings are well developed. In the absence of the punctate shell,
this species agrees in all its generic characters with that
group of septate, lamellose, Spirifers which Schuchert has
included under the generic name Delthyris in a restricted
sense.
The Glen Park specimens resemble Spiriferijia clarksvill-
ensis of the Louisiana limestone, but are narrower, with a
smaller number of plications, and with more strongly convex
valves. They also resemble the Kinderhook species S. solidi-
rostris, but as well as being narrower with ;fewer plications,
they lack the depression in the median line of the fold of the
brachial valve and the corresponding elevation in the sinus of
the pedicle valve of that species. Both of these species
agree with the Glen Park specimens in the lack of the punc-
tate shell, and the proper generic reference of all three
species is probably Delthyris rather than /Spiriferina, and
they might be compared with the Hamilton species D. sculp-
tilis, although all are very distinct from that species.
Delthyris suborbicularis n. sp.
Plate 1, figs. 27-28.
Description. Shell small, subelliptical in outline, wider
than long, the hinge-line shorter than the greatest width of
the shell. Pedicle valve moderately convex, with a strong
medium septum internally, the beak obtuse and not incurved;
cardinal area rather small, slightly concave, eloping backward
and forming an angle of about 130° with the plane of the
valves; sinus rather shallow, concave in the bottom; lateral
slopes convex, each marked by five or six simple, rounded
plications, the cardinal margin rounding into the cardinal
area. Surface marked by strong concentric, lamellose lines
of growth. Brachial valve not seen.
The dimensions of the type specimen, a pedicle valve, are:
length 10.5 mm., width 11.5 mm., convexity 3 mm.
Remarha. This species is far less abundant in the Glen
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 447
Park fauna than the last, only two specimens, both of them
pedicle valves, having been observed. The species may at
once be distinguished from D. missouriensis by its less con-
vexity, its more obtuse and less incurved beak, its flatter car-
dinal area, its rounded cardinal margins and in the larger
number of plications. In these same characters, except the
number of plications, the species differs from the allied
lamellose, non-punctate, septate Spirifers of the lower Mis-
sissippian faunas.
NUCLEOSPIRA MINIMA n. Sp.
Plate 1, figs. 29-30.
Description. Shell small, subcircular in outline, lenticu-
lar, the two valves subequally convex. Pedicle valve with a
narrow, shallow median sinus, a little more gibbous on the
umbo than the brachial valve. Brachial valve flattened along
the median line and sometimes slightly depressed, but with-
out the narrow sinus of the pedicle wave. Surface of l)oth
valves marked only by fine concentric lines of growth.
The dimensions of a pedicle valve of average size are :
length 4 mm., width 4.5 mm., convexity 1.5 mm. The larg-
est specimen observed has a length of 5 mm.
Remarks. This species is a close ally of N'. concinna Hall,
from the Hamilton fauna of the east, but besides being
always much smaller than that species, it has the two valves
more nearly equally convex. In none of the Glen Park speci-
mens are there any of the fine spines of iV. concinna shown,
but their absence may be due to the state of preservation of
the shells.
Seminula sp. undet.
A small athyroid shell of the type of Seminula occurs in
the Glen Park fauna, but all the specimens observed are too
imperfectly preserved for identification or description. The
specimens vary from 5 to 13 mm. in length, the pedicle valves
are usually longer than wide while the brachial valves are more
nearly subcircular.
448 Trans. Acad. Sci. f'f St. Louis.
MOLLUSC A.
PELECYPODA.
NUCULA GLENPARKENSI8 H. sp.
Plate 2, figs. 1-3.
Description. Shell small, triangular-subovate in outline,
width about five-sixths the length, beaks of the two valves
closely approximate or in contact above the hinge-line and
situated one-fourth the length of the shell from the anterior
extremity. The cardinal margins sloping away from the
beaks anteriorly and posteriorly with an angle of about 105
degrees ; posterior margin sharply rounded or subangular,
ventral margin convex and curving regularly into the rounded
anterior margin. Valves strongly convex, gibbous in the um-
bonal region, umbonal ridge not defined. Surface marked
with fine concentric lines which are frequently nearly obsolete
so that the shells appear to be smooth until examined with
a magnifying glass.
The dimensions of two complete specimens are: length 6.5
and 6 mm., width 5.5 and 5 mm.; thickness through both
valves 4 and 3.5 mm. The dimensions of one of the largest
specimens observed, a left valve, are: length 9 mm., width
7.5 mm., convexity 3 mm.
Remarhs. This species resembles JSF. corhuliformis Hall,
but is smaller, with the beaks situated farther forward and
with less conspicuous concentric markings. Of the Missis-
sippian species of the genus it is perhaps more closely allied
to JSF. shumardana of the Spergen Hill fauna, but the beaks
of that species are much more anterior in position.
NUCULANA DIVERSOIDES n. Sp.
Plate 2, figs. 4-5.
Description. Shell small, elongate-subovate in outline,
sub-cuneate behind, the width a little more than one-half the
length. Beaks prominent, incurved above the hinge-line, sit-
uated about one-third the length of the shell from the an-
terior extremity. Cardinal margin shghtly convex from the
beak anteriorly, and concave posteriorly to the posterior
Weller — Kinder hook Faunal Studies. 449
margin which is very short and sharply rounded ; ventral mar-
gin slightly convex posteriorly, becoming gradually more
curved anteriorly where it passes into the regularly rounded
anterior margin. Valves rather strongly convex anteriorly,
the umbo prominent, becoming gradually more depressed pos-
teriorly, the umbonal ridge subangular, following the postero-
cardinal margin of the shell, the cardinal slope from the ridge
nearly vertical, in larger specimens even undercut so that in
a direct view of the valve the slope cannot be seen. Surface
marked with very fine, regular, concentric lines, about five or
six occupying the space of one millemeter.
The dimensions of two specimens, one right and one left
valve, are: length 16 and 10.5 mm., width 9 and 6.2 mm.,
convexity 3.75 and 3 mm.
Remarks. This little shell is a close ally of N. diversa Hall,
from the Hamilton fauna of New York, but it may be dis-
tinguished from that species by the more abrupt cardinal slope
from the umbonal ridge, in the Hamilton shell the surface
of the slope being clearly visible in a direct view of the valve,
while in the Glen Park species it can only be seen in a cardi-
nal view. In the Glen Park species also, the posterior ex-
tremity of the shell is less angular than in the Hamilton
species. This species is an exception to most of those in the
Glen Park fauna with close relatives in the Hamilton fauna,
in that it is larger than its Hamilton ally, 11 mm. being the
longest specimen of iV. diversa recorded by Hall, while the
Glen Park species attains a length of at least 16 mm., although
about 10 mm. is the usual length.
Several species similar to JV. diversoides have been de-
scribed by Herrick from the Waverly formations of Ohio.
Of these N. spatxdata has a more sharply angular posterior
extremity than iV. diversoides., and iV. similis has a much
more strongly curved ventral margin. The same author has
identified other similar shells with JST. diversa Hall. JSf. sac-
cata (Win.), is another closely related species originally de-
scribed from the higher *' yellow sandstone " at Burlington,
Iowa, and later identified by Herrick in the Waverly; this
species seems to be more elongate than the Glen Park speci-
450 7'rans. Acad. !Sci. of !St. Louis.
mens and is more acuminate posteriorly. This whole group
of species are intimately related one to another and they need
further study to determine their true relationships. This can
only be accomplished with the aid of much more extensive
collections than are at present available, but when it is done
it is possible that some of the species mentioned will prove to
be synonyms.
Macrodon sulcatus n. sp.
Plate 2, Jig a. 6-9.
Description. Shell equivalved, of medium size, subovate
to subelliptical in outline, widest posteriorly, width one-half
or a little more than one-half the length, beaks situated an-
teriorly but not terminal, prominent, elevated above the
hinge-line ; hinge-line throe-hfths to three-fourths the total
length of the shell. Dorsal margin straight along the hinge-
line, obtusely subaugular at each end where it joines the an-
terior and posterior margins ; posterior margin broadly
rounded, sometimes obliquely subtruncate above, the greatest
posterior extension of the shell below the middle ; ventral
margin usually straight through the greater portion of its
length, curving upward in front and behind, sometimes
slightly convex throughout; anterior margin short, regularly
rounded. Valves gibbous in the umbonal region, the um-
bonal ridge merging into the general convexity of the valve
posteriorly ; the cardinal slope from the umbonal ridge con-
cave, very abrupt near the beak, becoming more gentle, pos-
teriorly ; the ventral slope longer and more gentle than the
dorsal, with a broad flattened area or a broad, shallow sinus
extending obliquely from the umbo to the middle of the ven-
tral margin. Surface marked by regular, concentric lines
separated along the posterior half of the umbonal ridge by
intervals of one-half to one millemeter, or occasionally by
wider intervals, and towards the beak by smaller intervals;
also marked in unworn specimens, upon the posterior half of
the shell and especially on the cardinal slope, with very fine,
radiating, costae which are interrupted at the concentric
lines. Hinge straight, with two or three small oblique teeth
anterior to the beak, and one or two posterior teeth subpar-
Weller — Kinderhook Faunol Studies. 451
allel to the hinge-line; ligament external, attached to a
narrow, elongate, flattened area which is longitudinally
striate.
The dimensions of three specimens are: length, 16, 13
and 11.3 mm.; width, 8, 7.5 and 6 mm.; length of hinge-
line, 11, 7.5 and 8 mm.; convexity, 4.5, 3.5 and 3 mm.
Remarks. This is one of the common species in the Glen
Park fauna. It is closely allied to M. hamilioniae from the
New York Hamilton fauna, but seems to be sufficiently dis-
tinct b}'- reason of the much finer radiating markings of the
shell, which can only be detected with a magnifying glass
upon the best preserved specimens, while upon the Hamilton
shells they appear to be much more conspicuous, judging
from the illustrations alone. The Glen Park shells also
differ from M. hamilioniae in the flattened area or broad
shallow sinus which extends obliquely across the ventral slope
from the beak to the ventral margin; the importance of this
sinus in the surface contour of the shells varies considerably,
but it is rarely absent altogether and is sometimes a very con-
spicuous feature; in M. hamiltoniae, on the other hand, it is
usually absent altogether, and in the illustrations of that
species is only shown on the larger individuals. The differ-
ence in size is also a distinction between the two species, the
Glen Park specimens never attaining the large size of M,
hamiltoniae.
Another species with which M. nulcatus may be compared
is Elymella missouriensis M. & G., from the Chouteau lime-
stone of Central Missouri. The type of this species has not
been available for examination but a specimen so identified
from the Northview sandstone of Webster County, Missouri,*
has much more regular and stronger concentric markings.
A further cleaning of this specimen, however, has exhibited
a long posterior tooth parallel with the hinge line, and the
species should doubtless be referred to the genus Macrodon,
not far removed from M. hamiltoniae and M. sulcatus. An-
other specimen in the collections of Walker Museum, labelled
Elymella missouriensis from Chouteau Springs, Missouri, has
♦ Traus. St. Louis Acal. Sci., vol. 9, p. 34, pi. 3, flg. 9.
452 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
even more nearly the aspect of J\f. hamiltonae than specimens
of M. sulcatus from Glen Park.
SCHIZODUS APPKE8SUS (Con.)-
Plate 2, figs. 10-11.
Nuculites appressa Con., Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phil., vol. 8, p. 248, pL
15, flg. 4, (1842); Schizodus appressus RslU, Prelim. Notice Lamell.,
2, p. 95, (1870); Schizodus Cayuga Hall., Prelim. Notice Lamell.,
2, p. 95, (1870); Cytherodon appretsus Hall, 23rd Rep. N. Y. St. Mus.
Nat. Hist., expl. pi. 14, fig. 20, (1872); Cytherodon {Schizodut) ap-
pressus Hall, Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, pt. 1, plates and explan., pi. 75, figs.
3-9, (1883); Schizodus appressus Hall, Pal. N. Y., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 449^
pi. 75, figs. 3-9, (1885).
This is one of the less common species of pelecypods in the
Glen Park fauna. A careful comparison of the specimens
with Halls illustratioub of S. appressua fails to reveal charac-
ters sufficiently marked to allow it to be separated from that
species of the Hamilton fauna in New York State. The Glen
Park specimens, perhaps, have the beak slightly more ante-
rior in position with the anterior marginal slope from the beak
a little more abrupt, and none of the Glen Park specimens
attain so large a size as the larger ones of the New York
specimens.
Another allied species is 8. chemungensis (Con.), of the
New York Chemung fauna,* which is probably genetically
related to S. appressus of the preceding Hamilton fauna.
The Glen Park specimens, however, resemble the Hamilton
shell much more closely than they do the Chemung species.
Herrick has described another closely related species from the
Ohio Waver ly, under the name S. prolongatus.^
MODIOMORPHA LAMELLOSA U. Sp.
Plate 2, figs. 12-13.
Description. Shell equivalved, rather small for the genus,
obliquely subovate in outline, widest posteriorly, width one-
half or a little more than one-half the length, beaks small,
subangular, flattened, directed forward, nearly terminal.
Dorsal margin arcuate, curving into the posterior margin
* Pal. N. Y., vol. 5, pt. 453, pi. 75, figs. 37-40, 45.
t Bull. Sci. Lab. Den. Univ., vol. 4, p. 36, pi. 6,
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 453
which is convex above and rather abruptly rounded below into
the nearly straight or slightly concave ventral margin, the
anterior margin short and abruptly rounded, produced some-
what beyond the beaks in<the younger specimens but nearly
equal with the beaks in older individuals. Valves depressed
convex, with an arcuate, more or less subangular umbonal
ridge extending from the beak to the postero-ventral margin,
becoming less well defined posteriorly; a flattened area or
slight sinus extends from the beak obliquely backward across
the ventral slope to about the middle of the ventral margin.
Surface marked with strong, crowded, concentric lines of
growth which become sublamellose toward the margin of the
valves.
The dimensions of three specimens are: length 24, 22,
18 mm., width 13.5, 12, 9 mm., convexity 5, 4, 3 mm.
Remarks. This species has its closest relative in Modio-
morpha concentrica (Con.), of the Hamilton fauna in New
York State. It differs from that species in being more
arcuate, in having less regular and more lamellose concentric
markings, and in the more anterior position of the beaks.
MODIOLA MISSOURIENSIS n. Sp.
Flute 2, Jigs. 14-17.
Description. Shell equivalved, of medium size, obliquely
subovate in outline, widest posteriorly, width about two-thirds
the length, beaks nearly terminal, small, incurved. Dorsal
margin arcuate, curving regularly into the broadly rounded
posterior margin, ventral margin slightly convex posteriorly
with a shallow byssal sinus anteriorly, in front of which it
curves up rather abruptly into the short, subtruncate anterior
margin. Valves strongly convex, umbonal ridge well defined
towards the beak, merging into the general convexity of the
shell posteriorly ; the surface sloping abruptly from the um-
bonal ridge to the dorsal margin, much more gently to the
ventral margin; an indistinct flattening or slight sinus, some-
times nearly or quite obsolete, extends from near the beak
obliquely backward across the ventral slope to the ventral
margin just back of the byssal sinus. Surface marked with
concentric lines of growth which are more frequent towards
454 Trans. Acad. Set. of St. Louis.
the margin of the shell and which usually become stronger
and more or less irregular above the shallow byssal sinus.
Hinge arcuate with a blunt, tooth-like callosity beneath the
beake in the right valve.
The dimensions of a large right valve are: length 22 mm.,
width 15.5 mm., convexity 7 mm.; those of a smaller left
valve are: length 17 mm., width 11.5 mm., convexity 5 mm.
Bemarks. This species has its nearest relative in the little
shell described as Modiomorjyfia nortltvievjensis Weller, from
the Northview sandstone of southwestern Missouri.* The
two shells are certainly cogeneric, and it is possible that if
more perfect material from the Northview sandstone could be
had, they would prove to be the same species. The North-
view species, of which a single specimen has been observed, is
less strongly convex and is proportionally somewhat wider
posteriorly than the shells from Glen Park, and for the pres-
ent the two species will be considered as distinct. The refer-
ence of the species to the genus Modiola must be considered
as tentative; it agrees more closely with this genus than with
any other, but should possibly be considered as distinct on
account of its hinge structure.
Cypricardinia subcuneata n. 8p.
Plate 2, Jigs. 18-19.
Description. Shell small, subovate to subelliptical in out-
line, length about twice the width, beaks nearly terminal.
Dorsal margin nearly straight or slightly arcurate from oppo-
site the beak to the posterior extremity of the hinge-line,
posterior margin meeting the dorsal margin in an obtusely
rounded angle, sloping obliquely backward and downward
with a slightly convex curve to the sharply rounded, subcu-
neate postero-ventral margin, ventral margin subparallel with
the dorsal, slightly sinuate near the middle and curving rather
abruptly upward in front into the short, sharply rounded an-
terior margin. Valves strongly convex, umbonal ridge
arcuate, well defined, extending from the beak to the postero-
ventral margin ; the surface sloping abruptly from the um-
* Trans. Acad. Sc*. St. Louis, vol. 9, p. 28, pi. 4, fig, 19.
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. -
bonal ridge to the dorsal margin, the ventral slope much
broader and more gentle, with a shallow sinus extending from
the beak obliquely backward to the sinuosity in the ventral
margin. Surface marked with more or less regular sublam-
ellose, subimbricating, concentric undulations, which are less
than one-half millemeter apart upon the umbonal ridge
where they are most distant.
The dimensions of three specimens are: length, 9, 10.5
and 12 mm.; width 4.5, 5 and 6 mm.; convexity, 2, 2, and
3.5 mm.
Reinarks. This species is one of the most abundant forms
in the Glen Park fauna, innumerable individuals being present
throughout the limestone. It resembles C. indenta (Con.)
from the Onondago and Hamilton faunas of New York, but
differs from that species in the character of its surface mark-
ings, none of the fine radiating lines of G. indenta having
been observed ; it is also a proportionately narrower shell
than that, and never grows so large as the larger individ-
uals of the Hamilton species. Other species cogeneric with
this species occur in the Waverly faunas of Ohio, in the Kin-
derhook at Burlington, Iowa, as well as in the Spergen Hill
fauna of Indiana and in the Coal Measures, but the Glen
Park species is clearly distinct from all of these.
GASTROPODA.
Ptychomphalus MISSOURIEN8IS n. sp.
Plate 2, figs. 2S-26.
Description. Shell small, imperforate, with about four
volutions, apical angle 70°-80°, the suture impressed, the
volutions rounded on the periphery, the aperture subcircular in
outline ; slit-band narrow, bounded by slightly elevated costae
between which the surface is slightly convex, the elevation of
the center of the band being about even with the tops of the
bounding: costae. Surface of the shell above the band,
marked by transverse costae somewhat stronger toward the
suture, which curve backward as they approach the peripheral
band, about four or five occupying the space or one mille-
meter, this same surface is marked also by somewhat finer
456 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
revolving costae about ten in number, the first two or three
above the peripheral band being finer than the others, these
two sets of markings give to the upper surface of the volu-
tions a reticulate ornamentation; the peripheral band marked
by transverse costae concave outward, about equal in size or
a little coarser than the transverse costae above the band and
as about twice as numerous, giving to the band a crenulate
appearance ; below the peripheral band the surface is marked
by numerous fine, revolving costae and by fine transverse
costae, both sets of markings being much finer than those
upon the upper surface of the volutions.
The dimensions of a nearly perfect specimen of average
size are: height, 6 mm.; maximum diameter, 6 mm.;
height of aperture, 3.3 mm.; width of aperture, 3.3 mm.
largest specimen observed, an imperfect one, has a maximum
diameter of 8 mm.
Bellerophon ulrichi n. sp.
Plate 2, Jigs. 20-23.
Description. Shell of medium size, umbilicate, with about
three volutions in the adult; outer volution ventricose, in-
creasing in size regularly to near the aperture where it is
more or less abruptly expanded, cross-section of the volutions
subelliptical. Aperture subelliptical, the outer lip thin and
sometimes somewhat produced with a shallow dorsal notch
one millemeter or less in depth, the inner lip extended over
the volution and much thickened laterally around the umbili-
cus. Surface marked with a dorsal band extending from the
shallow dorsal slit, which is usually somewhat smoother than
the lateral surfaces, it is even with the general surface of the
shell or sometimes slightly depressed, until it approaches the
aperture when it is gradually elevated, becoming conspicu-
ously elevated upon the abruptly expanding portion of the
shell at the aperture. The lateral surfaces of the shell marked
with fine, more or less regular, transverse lines of growth
which are often inconspicuous except towards the aperture
where they become more irregular and more or less crowded,
as they approach the dorsal band they bend backwards around
the dorsal notch.
Welter — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 457
The dimensions of a small specimen are : width of shell at
aperture 14 mm., extreme length of shell 12 mm., height of
shell from plane of aperture 7.5 mm. The dimensions of
one of the largest specimens are: width of aperture 17 mm.,
length of shell 16.5 mm.
Remarks. This species is quite distinct from any of the
Devonian or Mississippian species heretofore described, and
unlike so many species in the fauna, it seems to have no close
ally in the Hamilton faunas of New York. In form and pro-
portions it approaches B. hilabiatus W. & W., from the
Chonopectus fauna of the Kinderhook at Burlington, Iowa,
but the dorsal slit is very much shallower than in that species
and the elevated portion of the dorsal band is much shorter
and much less sharply carinate. The species occurs in abund-
ance in the Glen Park fauna, and exhibits considerable varia-
tion although the variation is for the most part in the adult
or very old shells and is largely restricted to the more abruptly
expanded portion of these shells near the aperture.
The species is named in honor of Mr. E. O. Ulrich of the
U. S. Geological Survey, who first called the writer's atten-
tion to this interesting fauna.
Bellerophon jeffersonensis n. sp.
Flate 2, fig. 24.
Description. Shell small, umbilicate, the outer volution
flattened on the dorsum, increasing regularly in size, moder-
ately expanded near the aperture. Aperture subelliptical in
outline, with a very shallow dorsal notch. Surface marked
with a flat or slightly depressed dorsal band which is crossed
by very fine lines of growth following the direction of the
dorsal slit; the sides of the shell marked by regular trrnsverse
costae much coarser than the lines of growth across the dorsal
band.
The dimensions of a large specimen are : width of aperture
10 mm., length of shell 10.6 mm., height of shell above plane
of aperture 7 mm.
Remarks. This is one of the rarer species in the Glen
Park fauna, and at first it was thought to be a variation of the
last species. The two species are evidently related, but B.
458 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
jeffersonensifi may be distiaguislied b}^ its smaller size, its less
flaring aperture, its more flattened dorsum and its much more
regular transverse co8tae.
Tropidodiscus cyrtoltes (Hall).
Plate 2, Jig- 29.
Bellerophon cyrtolites Hall,, 13th Rep. N. Y. St. Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 107,
(1860) ; Bellerophon cyrtolites Win., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 426,
(1862); Bellerophon cyrtolites Win., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 18,
(1863); Bellerophon cyrtolites Win., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 131,
(1865) ; Bellerophon cyrtolites M. & W., Geol. Surv. 111., vol. 2, p. 160,
pi. 14, flgs. 8a-b, (1866); Bellerophon cyrtolites Win., Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc, vol. 11, p. 257, (1870); Bellerophon cyrtolites Herriclj, Bull. Sci.
Lab. Den. Univ., vol. 3, p. 86, pi. 2, flgs. 27, 29, pi. 8, flgs. 20, 21, pi. 9,
flgs. 29, 31, (1888); Tropidodiscus cyrtolites Weller, Trana. Acad. Sci.,
St. Louis, vol. 9, p. 89, pi. 6, flgs. 8-9, (1899).
This species is one of the rarest members of the Glen Park
fauna, but the specimens observed are indistinguishable from
those occurring elsewhere in the Kinderhook formations.
The species was first described from the Kinderhook goniatite
bed at Rockford, Indiana, but it has been recognized in the
Waverly beds of Ohio, in the Marshall beds of Michigan, and
the " yellow sandstone " at Burlington, Iowa. In the collec-
tions of Walker Museum the species is represented by speci-
mens from the Northview sandstone of Webster County, Mis-
souri, and from the Chouteau limestone of Pettis County,
Missouri. Wherever the species has been observed by the
writer it is rare, yet it is one of the forms having a wide geo-
graphic distribution. The species has no known near relative
in the Hamilton faunas of the east, but it is cogeneric with
Bellerophon curvilineatus Con., of the eastern Onondaga
fauna.
Naticopsis paucivolutus n. sp.
Plate 2, figs. 27-28.
Description. Shell small, ventricose, imperforate, with
two and one-half or three volutions which increase rapidly in
size. Spire low, apical angle 80°-85°, the suture strongly
impressed and regularly increasing in depth towards the
aperture, outer volution very much larger than those within,
its height nearly three-fourths the entire height of the shell.
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 459
Aperture subcircular, the outer lip thin, the inner lip thick-
ened by a flat callosity upon the columella. Surface marked
by very fine transverse lines of growth.
The dimensions of an averao;e individual are : height 7.25
mm., maximum diameter 7.25 mm., width of aperture 5 mm.,
height of aperture 5.5 mm.
Remarks. This is a common species in the fauna and may
be easily distinguished from other members of the genus by
reason of its small size, the small number of volutions, and
the ventricosity of the outer volution.
Platyceras erectoides n. sp.
Plate 2, figs. 34-35.
Description. Spire close coiled at the apex for about one
and one-half volutions, beyond which the body volution is
free ; somewhat rapidly expanding, often more or less spread-
ing near the aperture. Aperture subcircular, subovate or
subelliptical in outline, usually more or less sinuate. Dorsum
rounded or subangular, the two sides of the shell usually
nearly equal. Surface marked by fine, closely arranged,
undulating lines of growth which are not conspicuously
lamellose.
The dimensions of an average specimen are; height 15 mm.,
length of aperture 14 mm., width of aperture 13 mm.
JRemarks. This species is sufficiently distinct from all the
Kinderhook and other Mississippian members of the genus,
but it closely resembles P. erectum Hall, of the New York
Hamilton fauna. The Glen Park specimens seem to agree
exactly with this Hamilton species in general form and pro-
portions, although it seems never to grow so large as that
species. The only difference between the two shells which
seems to be of specific value, is the lack of conspicuously
lamellose lines of growth in the Missouri shell. This char-
acter seems to be a good one as the shells apparently have
not been water worn or eroded.
Platyceras evolutus n. sp.
Plate 2, fig$. 32-33.
Description. Shell small, arcuate, the apex oblique and
'460 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
incurved nearly in the plane of the right side of the shell,
with the first volution or volution and one-half close coiled;
gradually expanding from apex to aperture ; dorsum sharply
rounded or subangular, the free portion of the shell obliquely
compressed. Aperture narrowly subelliptical in outline, more
or less sinuous. Surface marked with more or less irregular
non-lamellose lines of growth.
The dimensions of a nearly complete specimen are : height
8 ram., maximum diameter of aperture 6 mm., minimum di-
ameter of aperture 4 mm.
Remarhs. This species is quite distinct from any of those
members of the genus which have been described from the
Kinderhook faunas, but it is closely allied to the Hamilton
species P. thetis Hall. The Glen Park specimens are smaller
than those of the Hamilton fauna and lack the conspicuous
lines of growth. The most notable difference, however, is in
the oblique compression of the free portion of the shell and
the consequent narrowly elliptical outline of the aperture, the
aperature of P. thetis being '• nearly round or subquadran-
gular."
PlATYCERAS QLENPARKEN8I8 U. Sp.
Plate 2 f figs- 30-31.
Description. Shell below medium size, strongly com-
pressed, rapidly expanding from apex to aperture; the apex
incurved, lying nearly in the plane of the right side of the
shell, the first one or one and one-half volutions closely
coiled, the dorsum sharply rounded or subangular; the aper-
ture narrowly subelliptical in outline, more or less sinuous.
Surface marked by irregular, nonlamellose lines of growth,
sometimes formino; wrinkle-like constrictions of the shell.
The dimensions of a large individual are: height 9 mm.,
maximum diameter of aperature 10 mm., minimum diameter
of aperature 5.5 mm.
Remarks. This shell has somewhat the aspect of the spe-
cies that has been described as Strophostylus broadheadi
S. A. M., from the Chouteau limestone of central Missouri,
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 461
but that species does not have the outer volution free and is
apparently a true Sirojphostylus.
Orthonychia jeffersonensis n. sp.
Plate 2, figs. 38-39.
Description. Shell subpyramidal in form, slightly oblique ,
higher than wide, subsemicircular in cross-section, the sides of
the shell slightly convex from the apex to the margin of the
aperture except at the side towards which the obliquity of the
shell is directed which is nearly straight or slightly concave.
The surface marked by vertical plications and by rather fine,
more or less irregular lines of growth which follow the sinu-
osities of the aperture.
The dimensions of a typical specimen are: height 22 mm.,
diameter of aperture 16.5 mm.
Remarks. This species does not closely resemble any of
the Hamilton species of the genus nor any of those present in
the Kinderhook or other Mississippian faunas.
Orthonychia unqula n. sp.
Plate 2, figs. 36-37.
Description. Shell arcuate and slightly [twisted, com-
pressed, entirely uncoiled, expanding gradually from apex to
aperture, the aperture subelliptical in outline. Surface
marked by more or less coarse and irregular lines of growth ,
giving to the shell, sometimes, a very rough appearance.
The dimensions of the type specimen are: height 26 mm.,
maximum diameter of aperture 10 mm., minimum diameter
of aperture 6.5 mm.
Remarks. This species is entirely unlike any of those
recognized in either the Mississippian or the higher Devonian
faunas. It may be easily recognized by its peculiar claw-
shaped form. One of the specimens referred to the species
is more curved, more rapidly expanding and smoother than
the type specimen, and it should possibly be considered as a
distinct species.
462 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
VERTEBRATA.
PISCES.
Pttctodus eastmani n. sp.
Plate 1, figs. 31 -32.
Occasional abraded tritors of a species of Ptyctodus occur
in the Glen Park limestone, and one nearly perfect specimen
of a complete dental plate has been observed. The abraided
specimens are indistinguishable from similar specimens of P.
calcpolus N. & W., found in the Devonian at many localities
in the Mississippi valley, but the complete specimen preserves
characters which distmguish it from that species as it has
been illustrated by Eastman.* The most notable character-
istic of the Glen Park species as distinguished from P. cal-
ceolus, is in the lower margin of the tooth, this margin de-
scribing a continuous slightly concave curve from the pos-
terior to the anterior extremities, while in P. calceolus this
margin is convex from the posterior extremity to a conspicu-
ous sinus below the anterior extremity of the tritor, and then
convex again nearly to the anterior extremity of the sym-
physial beak where there is a conspicuous downward extension
of the tooth. The upper surface also differs from P. cal-
ceolus in having a less conspicuous differentiation between
the tritorial and the symphysial regions.
The Glen Park species is named in honor of Dr. C. R.
Eastman, who has done so much valuable work upon the
Paleozoic fishes.
Conclusion.
A critical analysis of the Glen Park fauna brings out several
features of great interest. A study of its relationships to
other faunas shows it to be allied in two directions, on the
one hand to the faunas of the Hamilton formation of the east,
giving it a strong Devonian aspect, and on the other hand
with the Kinderhook faunas of the Chouteau limestone and
associated formations in Missouri and elsewhere. Although
most of the species appear to be distinct from their Hamilton
♦ Iowa Geol. Sarv., vol. 7, p. 115; Am. Nat., vol. 32, p. 477.
Weller — KinderhooJc Faunal Studies. 463
relatives, this relationship must be considered as genetic.
The following list of species with their Hamilton analogues
are present in the fauna : —
GLEN PARK. HAMILTON.
Orthothetes chemungensis (Con. j Orthothetes chemnngensis (Con.) .
Eunella compressa n. sp Eunella Uncklaeni (Hall).
Atrypa spinoaa Hall - Atrypa spinosa Hall.
Nucleospira minima u, sp Nucleospira concinna Hall.
Nucula glenparkenais n. sp Nucula corbuliformis Hall.
Nuculatia diversoides n. sp Nuculana diversa Hall.
Macrodon aulcaUia n. so Macrodon hamiUoniae Hall.
Schizodua appreasus (Con.) Schizodus appressus (Con.).
Modlomorpha lamelloaa n. sp.... Modiomorpha concentrica (Con.).
Cypricardinia aubciineata n. ep Cypricardinia indenta (Con.).
Platyceraa erectoidea n. sp Flatyceraa erectum Hall.
Platyeeraa evolutua n. sp Platyceraa thetis Hall.
The pre-ence of the species of the genus Ptyctodus is
another characteristic of the fauna strongly suggestive of its
Devonian age; although this genus has never been recognized
in the Hamilton faunas of New York, it is not an uncommon
member of the later Devonian faunas of the Mississippi valley,
and has never been recorded from any fauna of unquestioned
Mississippian age. The entire absence from the fauna of all
members of the genus Produclus is another notable charac-
teristic which suggests its Devonian age.
Notwithstanding this unquestioned strong Devonian aspect
of the Glen Park fauna, there are several species which point
to a relationship with the Kinderhook fauna of Southern and
Central Missouri, the fauna which has its typical expression
in the Chouteau limestone and in other contemporaneous for-
mations. This Chouteau element in the fauna is not so large
as the Devonian element, and consists of the following species
with their analogues : —
GLEN PARK. CHOUTEAU.
Orthothetes chemungensis (Con.) Orthothetes chemungensis (Con.).
Chonetea glenparkensis n. sp Chonetes logani N. & P.
Delthyris miaaouriensis u. sp Delthyris solidirostris (White).
Macrodon sulcatus u. sp Macrodon missourieiisis (M. & Q.).
Modiola missouriensis n. sp Modiola northviewensis Weller.
Tropidodiscus cyrtolites {H.a.\\) Tropidodiscua cyrtolites (Hall).
Aside from these species, the presence of the crinoid genera
Agaricocrinus and Actinocnmcs, if these identifications be
464 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
correct, are strong indications of the lower Mississippian age
of the fauna, and offset the presence of such Devonian forms
as Ptydodus and Atrypa spinosa. In balancing these two
elements in the fauna, especial attention should be given to
the presence of the younger element, this being more signifi-
cent than the presence of the forms which are hold-overs from
an earlier fauna, especially since these hold-over forms are so
much modified as to be specifically distinct from their earlier
representatives in almost every instance.
The true time relations of the Glen Park fauna are best
shown by making comparison with a similar fauna from an
oolite bed at Hamburg, Calhoun County, Illinois, which is the
only fauna so far known containing any considerable number
of Glen Park species. The lowermost Mississippian beds at
Hamburg lie unconformably upon a formation bearing a mid-
dle Devonian fauna of the lowan type, and two sections
through the beds at that locality clearly show the strati-
graphic relations of the faunas of Kinderhook age. Section
A is along the creek at the south edge of the village of Ham-
burg, starting from the bridge and running up the creek.
Section B is along the bank of the Mississippi river from the
mouth of the creek just south of the village to a point about
one mile north. These two sections will be described in
parallel columns, beginning with the lowermost beds.*
SECTION A. SECTION B.
1. Massive light colored lime- 1- Massive light colored lime-
stone with a lew inches of clay atone as in s-ectiou A.
shale near the base. Fossils not
abundant, mostly a species ol
Atrypa.
Thickness, 18 feet. .
, , ' „ 2. Same as in section A.
2. Arenaceous shaly flags pass-
ing into limestone above, with a
middle Devonian fauna ol lowan
type.
Thickness, 3-4 feet.
* These sections were made by Mr. R. S. Bassler of the United States
National Museum, and have been generously furnished to the writer by Mr.
E O Ulrich ol the United States Geological Survey. The writer is also
indebted to Mr. Ulrich lor the o pportunity of studying the fauna of these
Hamburg oolites.
Welter — Kinderhook Faunal Studies.
465
5. Same as in section A.
Ttiiclsness, 1-2 feet.
6-7. White to yellow or fiesb
colored oolitic limestone with in-
terbedded layers of sandy shales.
Oolite full of fossils.
Thickness, ± 15 feet.
8-W. Covered space with evi-
dences of "Vermicular" sand-
stone.
10. Burlington limestone.
5. Soft green Bhale. 3. Probably shale, not exposed*
Thickness, 1 foot.
4. Much fractured, fine-grained, 4. Same as in section A. The
gray limestone with lithologic fossils most abundant at the top.
characters identical with the typi- Thickness, 5 feet,
cal Louisiana limestone of Mis-
toari, and containing the charac-
teristic fauna of that formation.
Thickness, 4 feet.
6. Brown eandy shales with hard
flaggy layers.
Thickness, 8 feet.
6. Blue shales; somewhat fissile
and without flaggy layers.
Thickness, 12 feet.
7. rosslliferous oolite lime-
stone.
Thickness, i-2 inches.
8. Blue shales apparently with-
out fossils. Thickness not esti-
mated.
9. Covered space with slabs of
" Vermicular" sandstone.
10. Burlington limestone to top
of hill.
In this Hamburg section the oolite bed No. 7 in section A,
with a thickness of two inches or less, increases to 15 feet in
section B, and apparently replaces the blue shales, bed No.
6, of section A, and possibly also the upper portion of bed
No. 5. These oolites are abundantly fossiliferous and have
furnished the following species, those marked with an asterisk
being also recognized in the Glen Park fauna,
*OrthotfiPtes chemungtnsis (Con.).
*Chonetes sp.
Camarophoria'? sp.
Camarotoechia'? f-p.
Centroriflla'? sp.
*Eunella compr«ssa n. sp.
Cryptonclla'} sp.
Delthyris sp.
*Nueula glenparkensis n. sp.
*Nuculana diversoides n. sp.
* Macrodon sulcatus n. sp.
* Schizodua appressus (Con.").
Lithophaga^ sp.
Ptychomphalus ep.
An examination of this Hamburg fauna shows that 50 per
466 Trans. Aead. Set. of St. Louia.
cent of the species recognized occur also in the Glen Park
fauna, none of the remaining forms being identified specific-
ally. Several of the unidentified forms are certainly unde-
scribed species, some are members of genera represented in
the Glen Park fauna by undetermined species, and in a few
instances may prove to be identical with Glen Park species,
in which case the percentage of identical species in the two
faunas will be increased. Notwithstanding the strong simi-
larity between the Hamburg and Glen Park faunas, the
dominant species in the two localities are quite different, the
most common members of the Glen Park fauna being: absent
from Hamburg, and the most common Hamburg species being
absent from Glen Park. Furthermore the species common to
the two localities are usually represented by larger individuals
at Hamburg than at Glen Park.
The presence of this fauna at Glen Park and Hamburg may
not have been strictly contemporaneous, but its occurrence at
the two localities is without doubt associated with the same
wave of migration and the fauna at the two localities may be
considered to be synchronous within comparatively narrow
limits.
The gtratigraphic position of the fauna at Hamburg in re-
lation to the Louisiana limestone fauna is of prime import-
ance in determining the true relations of all the Kinder-
hook beds of south-eastern Missouri. In its typical expres-
sion in Pike County, Missouri, the Louisiana limestone at-
tains a thickness of from fifty to sixty feet, the known
fauna being restricted to a few feet at the base of the
formation. At Hamburg the same formation in its typ-
ical expression is only four or five feet in thickness, the
fauna being essentially identical in all respects with that of
the lower few feet of the formation at Louisiana, Missouri.
Beds No. 8 aud No. 9 of the Hamburg section are apparently
a continuation of the Hannibal shales and sandstones of the
Louisiana section, so that beds 5, 6 and 7 of the Hamburg
section may be included with bed 4, as the essential time
equivalent of the whole Louisiana limestone.
If this interpretation is correct, the time during which the
Welter — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 467
oolite with its peculiar fauna was deposited at Hamburg was
essentially contemporaneous with the deposition of the upper-
most beds of the Louisiana limestone in the Pike County,
Missouri, section. The time of deposition of the Glen Park
limestone may have been slightly earlier than that of the Ham-
burg oolite, but it may be safely considered to be contempo-
raneous with the deposition of some portion of the typical
expression of the Louisiana limestone, and doubtless with
some portion of the upper half of the formation.
One of the most striking features of the Glen Park fauna
is that its Devonian relationships are more close with the
Hamilton fauna than with the Chemung, the latter of which
is supposedly a younger fauna than the Hamilton, and one
whose position in the standard time scale is placed between
the Hamilton and the base of the Mississippian. The explan-
ation of this doubtless lies in certain facts connected with
the history and migrations of the Hamilton fauna not yet
sufficiently well understood.
On comparing the Glen Park fauna with the older Kinder-
hook fauna present in the section at Burlington, Iowa, the
fauna characterized by the genus Chonopectus, a notable dif-
ference is recognizable. There is not a single species common
to the two faunas, and while both exhibit close Devonian re-
lationships, the alliance of the Chonopectus fauna is with the
Chemung faunas of the New York section, while the alliance
of the Glen Park fauna is with the Hamilton as has already
been pointed out. Furthermore, the Glen Park fauna also,
exhibits, as has been shown, close relationships with the gen-
eral Kinderhook fauna of central and southern Missoun, the
Chouteau fauna, a fauna which appears in the Burlington sec-
tion only in the higher beds of Kinderhook age at that lo-
cality, in beds No. 5 and No. 6 of Weller's section.* The
lower Kinderhook fauna of Burlington, the Chonopectus
fauna, does not occur anywhere in the more southern region
occupied by Kinderhook faunas.
A detailed study of the Kinderhook faunas of the entire
Mississippi valley region, shows clearly the dual nature of
* Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 10, p. 61.
468 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the fauna as a whole, each one of the two factors in the fauna
havino- a geographic distribution different from the other.
Such a study further shows that in early Kinderhook time
there were two distinct faunal province within the present
Mississippi valley region, a northern province and a southern
province, separated by an east and west line at a point near
the mouth of the present Illinois river. Whether this line
of separation was actually a land barrier has not yet been
shown, but such was probably the case.
The history of events in the northern Kinderhook province
is most completely shown in the section at Burlington, Iowa.
In this section there are approximately 115 feet of strata ex-
posed, and in this thickness the lower 100 feet are essentially
characterized by one general fauna, the Chonopectus fauna,
although there are some faunule variations in the succession
of beds exposed. This is the characteristic fauna of the
northern Kinderhook province. Besides its occurrence at
Burlington, it is known 60 miles northwest of that locality
near Wellman, in Washington County, Iowa, where it occurs
in its typical expression in the English River grit, at Maples'
mill. It probably occurs, also, still further northwest, 120
miles from Burlington, in Tama and Marshall counties, in the
arenaceous beds beneath the Kinderhook limestones of that
region, but the fact of such occurrence has not yet been act-
ually confirmed by the writer. South of Burlington the same
fauna, somewhat modified but still containing its characteris-
tic elements, occurs in the Kinderhook sandstone at Kinder-
hook village in Pike county, Illinois, and at this locality there
are present in the fauna certain elements that connect it closely
with the fauna of the Louisiana limestone. This relationship
of the Chonopectus fauna as it is exhibited at Kinderhook,
Illinois, is of a nature to show without doubt, that the Louis-
iana limestone fauna is but one facies of the general fauna of
the northern Kinderhook province. The Louisiana facies of
the fauna, in its typical expression, has been recognized as far
south as northern Calhoun county, Illinois, where it occurs at
Hamburg on the Mississippi river.
One of the most characteristic elements in the northern
Weller — KinderhooJc Faunal Studies. 469
Kinderhook faunas, is the large, finely striated rhyncho-
nelloid shells typically represented by the species originally
described as Rhynchonella fffriatocostata, for which the
generic name Paraphorhynchus has recently been pro-
posed. In the Mississippi valley the genus is known only in
the faunas of the northern Kinderhook province, the genus
being, indeed, a more characteristic member of the fauna
than is Chonopectus which^has such a remarkable local develop-
ment at Burlington. Outside of the northern Kinderhook
faunas the genus Paraphoriiynchus occurs in beds referred to
the Waverly group, near Warren, Pennsylvania, two species
being described by Simpson* from that locality as Rhyncho-
nella medialis and R. striata, an occurrence which suggests
looking for the relationships of the northern Kinderhook
faunas in that direction.
The geographic distribution of the southern Kinderhook
fauna is very different from its more northern neighbor,
although the two faunas were doubtless in existence contem-
poraneously. This fauna has its most typical expression in
the Chouteau limestone of central and southwestern Missouri.!
The fauna is present in all the beds of Kinderhook age in
Arkansas, and occurs with a slightly different expression in
the Kinderhook beds of the Mississippi river section south of
St. Louis, extending northward to Jersey county and southern
Calhoun county, Illinois. It is also the fauna of the Kock-
ford, Indiana, goniatite beds, and has been recognized south-
ward in Kentucky.
In the latter part of Kinderhook time communication
between the southern and northern provinces was established,
and the southern fauna migrated northward into the northern
* Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.vol. 15, p. 444.
t In a paper entitled "Correlation of the Kinderhook formations of
southwestern Missouri," Jour. Geol., vol. 9, pp. 130-148), the auihor misin-
terpreted the Sac limestone described byE. M. Shepard. The fauna given
on pages 136-137 of the paper is really the fauna of the;southern extension
of the typical Chouteau limestone which overlies the Phelps sandstone with
its Ptyctodus fauna. The confusion of this limestone with the Sac limestone
was caused by Shepard's failure to sufficiently diflEerentiate it from hia
•' Hannibal " shal^ and sandstone, although the bed is a conspicuous one
over a wide territory In Green and adjacent counties in Missouri.
470 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
province, where it occurs in the Hannibal sandstone of north-
eastern Missouri and in beds No. 5 and No. 6, comprising the
upper ten or twelve feet of the true Kinderhook of the Bur-
lington section. The earliest expression of this migration
from the southern into the northern province is probably
shown in the fauna of the Hamburg oolite. The southern
fauna also occurs in the limestone above the English River
grit of Washington County, Iowa, and the Kinderhook lime-
stone of Marshall and Tama Counties, Iowa, contains a fauna
allied to that of the southern province, although another
element is present which is foreign to either of the two faunas
under discussion.
As has already been indicated, the Devonian relationship
of the northern Kinderhook fauna is with the Chemung fauna
of the east, while the Devonian relationship of the southern
fauna is through the Glen Park fauna with the Hamilton of
the east. In explanation of these relationships a tentative
suggestion may be made, it being recognized that this sug-
gestion is based upon evidence as yet insufficiently investi-
gated. In the eastern interior sea of later Devonian times,
what we call the Chemung fauna, or at least one element in
the fauna, is known to have been the invader, it being pre-
ceded by the invading " cuboides " and " intumescens "
faunas. It is recognized that the resident Hamilton fauna
persisted much longer in central and eastern New York than
in the western part of the State, the persistent Hamilton
fauna of the Ithaca formation being younger than the invad-
ing "cuboides" fauna of the Tulley limestone and contempo-
raneous with the *' intumescens" fauna of the western Port-
age formation. It seems not unreasonable to assume as a
working hypothesis, that the Hamilton fauna persisted some-
where in the eastern interior sea, or in the Atlantic basin,
probably in the south, until the close of Devonian time, it
being in its later stages contemporaneous with the Chemung
fauna further north. The Glen Park fauna and one element
of the southern Kinderhook fauna may then be considered to
have their origin from this persistent Hamilton fauna, at a
time contemporaneous with or even somewhat later than the
Weller — Kinderhook Faunal Studies. 471
origin of the northern Kinderhook fauna from the Chemung ,
although the main portion of the Chouteau fauna is believed
to have originated or at least to have migrated from the far
west.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate I. — 1, Zaphrentis sp. undet. — 2-3, Actinocrinus ? sp. uadet. 4.
Agaricocrinus ? sp. undet. — 5-6, Orthothetes chemnngensis (Con.), Two ped-
icle valves. — 7, Chonetei glenparkensis n. sp. — 8-12, Chonetes sp. undet. —
13-16, Eunella compreaaa n. sp., Brachial views of four individuals. — 17,
Atrypa spinosa Hall, Brachial view of the only specimen observed. — 18-
22, Spirifer jeffersonensis n. sp., two views of one pedicle valve and views
of three bracalal valves. — 23-26, Delthyris misiouriensis n. sp., two views
of one pedicle valve and views of two brachial valvea. — 27-28, Delthyris
guborbicularis a. sp., two views of a pedicle valve. —29-30, Nucleotpira
miniman. sp., views of a pedicle and a brachial valve. — 31-32, Ptyctodus
eastmani n. sp., two lateral views of a nearly perfect tooth.
Plate XL — 1-3, Nueula glenparkensis n. ap., left lateral views of three
complete specimens. — 4-5, Nuculana diversoides n. sp., lateral views of a
right and a left valve. — 6-9, Macrodon sulcatus n. sp., views of two left and
two right valves. — 10-11, Schizodus appressus (Con.), lateral views of two
right valves. — 12-13, Modiomorpha lamellota n. sp., lateral views of two
left valves. — 14-17, Modiola missouriensisn. sp., lateral views of three right
valves and one left valve. — 18-19, Cypricardinia tubcuneata n. sp., lateral
views of two right valves. — 20-23, Bellerophon ulrichi n. sp., dorsal views
of three individuals and a view of the aperture of a fourth. — 24, Bellero-
phon jefersoneniis n. sp., dorsal view of a typical specimen. — 23-26,
Ptychomphalus missGuriensis n. sp., lateral view of a nearly complete Indi-
vidual, and an apical view of another less complete one. — »7-28, Naticop-
$ia paucivolutus n. sp.. lateral views of two specimens, one of them show-
ing the aperture. — 29, Tropidodiscus cyrtolites (Hall), lateral view of the
most perfect individual observed. — 30-31, Platycerat glenparkensis n.
sp., right lateral views of two individuals. — 32-33, Platyceras evolutus n.
sp., right lateral views of two individuals. — 34-35, Platyceras erectoidei
n, sp., right and left lateral views of one specimen. — 36-37, Orthonychia
ungula n. sp., right lateral views of two individuals, the larger and straighter
one being the type of the species, — S8-3», Orthonychia jeffersontnsis u. sp.,
lateral views of two individuals.
Issued, December 21, 1906.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis
VOL.. XVI. NO. 8.
THE RELATION OF CERTAIN MARINE ALGAE TO
VARIOUS SALT SOLUTIONS.
B. M. DUGGAR.
'-^Issued December 21, 1906.
THE EELATION OF CERTAIN MARINE ALGAE TO
VARIOUS SALT SOLUTIONS.*!
B. M. DUGGAR.
Plasmolytic Studies.^ — Upon beginning some work on
the relations of certain marine algae to solutions I attempted,
in March, 1900, to make some measurements of the osmotic
pressures in the cells of certain marine algae common at
Naples. Solutions of dry potassium nitrate, sodium chloride
and cane sugar were prepared in distilled water and in sea water.
In the latter solvent the stock solutions were made up as gram
equivalent (N) solutions, and with the former solvent they were
made up as double normal solutions. Preliminary experiments
with each alga used were then made in order to ascertain ap-
proximately the strength of the solutions required to give
plasmolysis. After these approximations had been obtained,
careful dilutions were prepared, each higher concentration
differing from the next lower by .01 N. The algae used were
carefully examined, and only those which seemed perfectly
healthy and normal were employed. In every case the sur-
plus sea water was quickly absorbed by means of filter paper
from the bits of algae used, and the algae were then momen-
tarily washed in a solution of the same strength of salt as
that used in the particular experiment under way. A portion
* Presented by title t > The Academy of Science of St. Louis, November
6, 1906.
t Contributions No. 14 from the Botanical Department of the Univer-
sity of Missouri.
t This worii was begun while occupyiui; the table of the Smithsonian
Institution at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Naples, during March, 1900;
and further experiments were made ac the Marine Biological Laboratory,
Woods Hole, in July, 1901. Final experiments upon which this preliminary
report is based, were made at the Zoological Station of the University of
Montpeiier, at Cette, during a short stay in the winter of 1906. The writer
is indebted to many members of the scientific staffs of these Institutions
and to Prof. Chas. Flahault of the Botanical Institute, University of Mont-
peiier, for the necessary facilities.
(473)
474
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
of the algal material was then placed on a cavity slide in the
solution to be tested and the remainder in some of the same
solution in glass cylinders. The slide preparations were
observed for several minutes under the microscope ; and these
observations, as a rule, were sufficient. Nevertheless, the
material in the cylinders was mounted and examined after
from five minutes to half an hour, in order to determine if
plasmolysis might be delayed. The results of these experi-
ments are tabulated below, the concentrations (representing
the lowest at which any very evident plasmolysis was ob-
served), are given in decimals of a normal solution, which, in
these instances, is the same as a molecular solution.
Table I.
In Sea Water
In Distilled Water
Alga
Sugar
NaCl
KNO3
Sugar
NaCl
KNOa
I, Bornetia
secnndiflora
.37
.26
.28
1.04
.85
1.08
11. Chaelomurplia
liiium
.46
.32
.38
1.26
.93
1.40
III. Griffilhsia
Schouslieri
.38
.30
.34
1.12
.92
1.20
IV. rieonosporium
coccinium
.58
.40
.42
1.30
1.00
1.44
In analj^zing these results it should first be stated that the
isotonic value of Naples sea water is calculated to be approx-
imately equivalent to .6 normal KNO3. Very nearly the same
value was also obtained for sea water by the plasmolytic test
with a delicate species of Spirogyra. It is to be regretted
that freezing point determinations were not made.
The above table shows several points of interest (I). Bear-
ing in mind the isotoinic relatioushi[) it is seen that the plas-
molyzing concentrations for NaCl and KNO3 are relatively
higher, in every case, than those for sugar. This is true
whether the calculation of the isotonic values is based on the
De Vries coefficients * or adduced from the formulae taking
* De Vrie.-j, H. — Eine Methocle zur Analyze der Turgorkraft. Jabib. f.
wiss. Dot. 14:429-601.
Duggar — Relation of Marina Algae to Salt Solutions. 475
into consideration electrolytic dissociation.* t (H). In each
case a stronger solution of KNO3 is required than of NaCl.
In strong solutions, such as are here employed, the degree of
dissociation might be about six per cent greater in the NaCl
than in an equivalent KNO3 solution in distilled water. On
the other hand, in sea water there is already present a con-
siderable amount of NaCl and of other chlorides, all of which
would diminish the dissociation of the NaCl added, and con-
sequently tend to balance up the iouic relationship. The
conditions, are, however, complex in such mixed solutions,
and other factors may be important. (HI). If now the iso-
tonic value of sea water, .6 N KNO3, as assumed, be added
in the columns giving the results of these solutions in sea
water, an interesting comparison is found between these com-
puted values and the experimental values in distilled water, as
compared below.
Table II.
Algae
NaCl
KNO.3
Tab. I
Computed
Value
Expi.
Value
Differ-
eace
Compured
Value
Expt.
Value
Differ-
ence
I.
II.
III.
IV.
.26+. 60= .86
.S2 + .60= 92
.30+. 60= .90
.40+. 60=1. 00
.85
.93
.92
1.00
—,(■1
+.01
+.02
.28 + . 60= .88
.38-1-60= .98
.34+. 60= .94
.42 + . 60=1. 02
1.08
1.40
1.20
1.44
+.20
+ .42
+.26
+.42
Practically the same osmotic pressures are found for the
algal cell whether the determination is made in pure NaCl so-
lution or in NaCl in sea water. When the case is KNO3
in sea water the point of phismolysis is determined as begin-
ning at a concentration from 2-6 per cent higher than in the
corresponding test with NaCl ; and the point of plasmolysis
in pure KNO3 solution is at a strength from 20-42 per cent
above that of KNO3 in sea water. In the case of sugar, the
* Von Rjssleberghe, Fr. — Reaction osmotique des ("elluUs Veg6talt;s 4
la conceutratiou du Milieu. Extrait, M^moire.s couronu^s et autres M6m.
publ. p£.r I'Acad^mie ruyale de Belgique. T. 68. 1899. p. 104.
t Livingstone, B. E.— The Role of Diffusion and Osmotic Pressure in
Plants. Chicago, 1903.
476 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
computation cannot be made so accurately, since the isotonic
value of sea water in terms of sugar was not experimentally
determined with Spirogyra. This value is probably close to
9 N cane sugar, and with this relative value a provisional
computation may be readily adduced from the table. Under
any circumstances, the results are unique in that the com-
puted strengths of the pure sugar solution required are nearly
25 to 50 per cent too high, that is, the concentrations giving
plasmolysis exjjerimentally are low. We have, therefore, for
each of the four algae a comparable series of these three solu-
tions, in which the plasmolyzing concentrations differ consid-
erably between sugar, the one extreme, and KNO3 the other.
Attention should be called to the fact that the figures for
KNO3 given in the above table, are not in close agreement
with the results of Janse,* who found that a solution of .14
N potassium nitrate is osmotically equivalent to the cell sap
of GhaetomorpJia aerea. He gives, however, very brief re-
sults; and aside from having employed a different species of
alga, his methods of treating the algae, as well as an allow-
ance for the personal equation in determing vyhat is the first
evidence of plasmolysis, may be sufficient to account for the
disagreement. t Some of the marine algae quickly accomodate
themselves to plasmolyzing strengths, or readily recover from
the plasmolytic effects, doubtless due to the penetration of
the solute. This did not, however, enter as a special factor
which would account for the difference in the results, as my
observations were made from the moment of immersion of the
algae, and these furnish the higher values.
There is considerable variation in the turgor between cells
in different filaments, even between cells in the same fila-
ments, and such irregularities were also noted by tJanse. In
* Jaiise, J. M. Plasmol^tiache Versuche au Algen. Bot. Ceutrbl. 32 : 21-
26. 1887.
t In discussing these results with Mr. H. S. Reed, he brousjht to my at-
tentioQ a considerable series of uupublished osmotic determiuatious which
he made at the Woods Hol*^ Marine Biolog. Lab. in the summer of 1901. He
employed six marine algae sind a variety of salts, the solutions being made
only in distilled water. His results, as .shown by the table appended,
are interesting, and while showing cousiderable variation with different
algae, the averages are especially instructive. With his consent I give
Duggar — Relation of Marine Algae to Salt Solutions. 477
the case of potassium nitrate in distilled water, however, such
these, referring at this time, however, only to the averages obtained with
NaCl KNO3 and Cane Sugar in distilled water, which are .80, l.IO, and .84
N. respectively. There is a relation, but not a clt)se general agreement
between these results and those of corresponding solutions referred to in
Table I, The peculiar results with the bivalent metals will not be dis-
cussed at this time.
„
0
rn
^
u
CO
oa
0
IB
r
0
a
CO
-r
53
C
r",
MJ
SI)
6S
3
^
0
;-i
fcs:
rt
^
<M
/-^
■n
0
•0
Z
C
■in
.^
0
0
CO
c/j
0
/^^
13
W
>
CO
0
^
Z
S
a
o
^
0
0
33
0
aj
..^
0
a
M-
0
;2;
lU
Ph
0
w
1— 1
0
03
2i
s
ID
=d
00 C5 J> C5 »>. O
o o
IN N
OT V6 sts
•.{[oras«id o^
>a CD o «o cs
ri* 10 •* »0
O C5 00 00 t~
b- 05 00 00 50 -^ 00
O g .3 .5 O ,3
c3 := .= j::- &
UOOC5P-ifS
05 O 00 O t- CD C>
=3 2
478 Trans. Acad. ScL of St. Louis.
irregularities are regrettably large, so that it is difficult to
compute an average. In fact, from a microscopic study of
the effect of such a solution on Pleonosporium, it was found
that if the concentration were very gradually increased with
this particular alga plasmolysis was a very evanescent phe-
nomenon. It would often happen that on approaching the
critical concentration the observation would show only tempor-
ary plasmolysis in a few of the many cells under observation.
The point of plasmolysis in such cases was soon passed, and
death of the cell quickly resulted, as shown by the diffusion
of color.
The results obtained by the tests above outlined made it
seem desirable that studies should be directed toward a com-
prehensive knowledge of the possibly toxic action on
marine algae of certain of the constituent salts of sea water
when added to sea water. (A further study also, of the
permeability of the protoplasmic membranes to diverse solu-
tions was evidently important, but the latter has not yet re-
ceived further consideration.)
A series of experiments was accordingly set up. At that
time practically no experiments bearing upon this general
matter had been reported, so far as could be ascertained.
More recently some data from the plant side as well as the
animal side have accumulated. A further study also of
the permeability of the protoplasmic membrane to diverse
solutions is important.
TOXIC STUDIES.
Materials and Methods. — After considerable experimenta-
tion, in order to get desirable forms for the determination of
the toxic relations, Dasya elegans, Gr-innelUa Americana and
Cladophora gracilis were employed in the work at Woods
Hole. At Cette the season was unfavorable for any great
selection and favorable algae which could be secured in best
condition were used, these being Bryopsis 'plumosa Callitham-
nion roseinn, Oeramium sp., and Nitophyllum punctatum.
Many algae are not suitable for studies of this nature. In
Duggar — Belation of Marine Algae to Salt Solutions. 479
auy case, algae selected should be such as would lend them-
selves to easy observation under the low power of the micro-
scope. Moreover, among red forms it is well to select those
which, on being injured or killed, are from their own color-
ing matter stained diffusely yellowish, pinkish or purplish.
The latter phenomenon greatly facilitates observation, al-
though it may lead to error if used as the only indicator
where salts of the heavy metals are employed. Algae with
long cells are in most cases to be preferred.
In both laboratories the same general method of arrano-inff
the experiments was adopted. The solutions employed were
placed in glass cylinder bottles each from 25-40cc. capacity;
the cylinders were arranged serially in granite iron crates ;
and the latter were set in a shallow aquarium with running
sea water (the water being almost to the level of the liquid
in the tubes). By such means a uniform temperature was
maintained, which condition is of the first importance. The
experiments were all conducted in diffuse light.
The algae used were obtained in the best condition possible —
in a few cases collected always from the same locality — and
these were kept in the labaratory aquaria twenty-four hours
before being used. Numerous control experiments accom-
panied every series, and in any case where the plants in the
control experiments became unhealthy, the entire series was
discarded. Owing to the size of the vessels which it seemed
desirable to employ, Grinnellia and Nitophyllum, the two
membranaceous algae, were cut into fragments about two
sq. c. m. in length; while in the cases of the others only the
terminal portions of the thallus branches were employed.
Nevertheless, under the best of conditions some injuries will
occasionally result to the parts of the plants used, and these
injuries may not be detected in time, so that slight discrep-
ancies in the results are not to be wholly obviated.
The concentrations employed for each alga were governed
largely by a preliminary test. There were commonly from
six to eight dilutions of each salt in the final test. These did
not prove sufiicient in all cases to include on the one hand a
480 Trans. Acad. jSci. of St. Louis.
death concentration, and on the other, one in which the
health of the alga remained practically uninfluenced.
The reagents used were the best that could be obtained.
Guaranteed reagents could not be had in every instance and
" c. p." substances were then employed. The conditions un-
der which the work was conducted rendered it next to impos-
sible to use solutions standarized by titration or by gravimet-
ric methods. The solutions were made therefore by careful
weighings of the dried salts or the pure crystals, special pre-
caution being observed with those salts losing water of crys-
tallization upon desiccation. Stock solutions were made up
in sea water as .2, .3, or .4 normal (gram equivalent), de-
pending upon the strengths supposedly required, as demon-
strated by the preliminary experiments. From the above
stock solutions the necessary dilutions were prepared as re-
quired. The experiments were arranged in only three exten-
sive series, so that as many experiments as possible would be
conducted under practically similar conditions. The limits of
the dilutions used with the substances here reported were .4
and .001, gram equivalent. With some salts .2 or .3 N
was the highest concentration tested. Numerous control ex-
periments with bits of the algae under precisely similar con-
ditions, with the exception of the chemical substances tested,
were constantly run as parallel series.
Experimenial Results. In Table III the first considerable
series of results obtained, those at Woods Hole, are given.
These results are expressed in decimals of a normal solution.
The series includes all of the toxic agents used at the time
with the exception of a few acids and salts of heavj' metals,
which have been reserved for a later report. The concentra-
tions given in the table are those which practically represent,
under the conditions of the experiment, the mean health con-
centration of the algae used during (in this case) three days.
Tabulations were first made for each of the four algae used,
giving the highest concentration at which the alga remained
healthy, or, at most, was only slightly injured, and then the
averages of these concentrations have been taken for the gen-
Dviggar — Relation of Marine Algae to Salt Solutions. 481
eral table given below. In every case the control algae re-
mained healthy.
In Table IV there will be found a tabulation similar to
the preceding, for the work done at Cette. In both tables
given, the substances are arranged in groups of the metal
radical, and it will be seen at a glance that there is more or
less irregularity in the toxic strengths indicated, from the
Table III.
Table IV.
Substance
NH4CI
NH4NO3. ..
(NH4)2S04.
CH(NH3)0
XBr....
KCl....
KNO3 ..
K2SO4 . .
CHKO2
NaBr . . .
NaCl ....
NaNos ..
CHNaOz
% N Cpermit-
tiDg health)
Substance
. .0058
. .0059
. .005
— .01
NH4Br . ,
NH^Ol .
NH4NO3
.037
.093
.073
.08
-.017
KI ....
KBr...
KCl .
KNO3 •
K2S04.
,133
.13
.093
.047
NaT....
NaBr...
NaCl...
NaNOa .
Na2S04.
CaCIa 13
Ca(N08)2 12
MgBrj
MgCl2....
Mg(N03)2.
MgS 4 •••
Cal2
CaBrz - . . ■
CaCi2
Ca(N03)2
.193
.24
.27
.37
M^h
MuBrz
MgClj....
Mg(N03)2.
MgS04...
% N (permit-
tiug health)
.001
.0025
.0025
.02
.056
.081
.087
.lO(-)
. .03
, .104
.+.275
. .205
. .2875
.11
.25
.25—30
.19
. .008
+ .30
. .34
, .225
. .40
iodide or the bromide of the particular metal to the sulphate.
Between the different metals there is great diversity of effect,
ammonium compounds, for instance, being strongly toxic,
whereas the magnesium compounds are almost inert in this
regard. When nutient salts alone are considered, there is,
moreover, no great difference between the strengths, as a rule,
of compounds of the same metal, yet further results may in-
482
Trans. Acad. Sci. of iSt. Louis.
dicate a series for the acids, some of the factors being more
closely related.
While the above arrangement of the results should be pre-
sented, it is evident from a glance at the tables that an
arrangement whereby the acid portion of the molecules might
be more readily comparable would be of greater interest ; and
this arranojement is shown in Tables V and VI. In these the
Table V.
Substances
Algae
Dasya
Grinnellia
Cladophora
Ave.
KBr
.06
.01
.04
.037
NaBr
.20
.10
.10
.133
MgBr2
.40
.02
.16
.193
NH4CI
.01
.0025
.005
.0058
KCl
.10
.18
.08
.093
NaCl
.20
.08
.10
.13
CaCl2
.20
.12
.06
.13
MgCl2
.40
.20
.15
.24
NH4NO3
.02
.0025
.001
.0059
KNO3
.08
.08
.06
.073
NaNOs
.10
.08
.10
-.093
Ca(N03)2
.20
.08
.08
.12
Mg(N03)2
.40
.20
.20
.27
(NH4)2-04
—.005
—.005
—.005
—.005
K2S04
.08
.08
.08
.08
MgS04
.50
.40
.20
.37
CHNH3O2
.02
—.005
—.005
—.01
CHK02
.04
—.005
—.005
—.017
CH.Na02
.10
.02
.02
.047
data are furnished for each alga, and the averages are also
given. The results are now strikingly evident. In each case
where an ammonium compound of the acid is employed it
shows the highest toxic value, and, in general, it is a toxic
value which approaches that of acids, or salts of the heavy
metals, although this latter point is not demonstrated in the
Duggar — delation of Marine Algae to Salt Solutiojis. 483
tables.* Moreover, the metals then arrange themselves in
the order of NH4, K, Na, Ca, Mg. Indeed, when the tables
are carefully studied, it will be seen that in the results ob-
tained at Woods Hole, there are no exceptions to this order
in the averages, although in the case of the chlorides, K, Na,
and Ca are almost equal in toxic value. In the work done at
Table
VI.
Algae
Substance
Calli-
thamnion
Bryopsis
Ceramium
Nit.o-
phyllum
Ave.
KI
.C25
.015
.015
.025
.02
Nal
.03
.05
.01
.03
,03
C&h
.10
.10
.10
.15
.11
Mgia
.01
.01
.01
.0025
.008
NH4Br
.001
.001
.001
.001
.001
KBr
.05
.10
.026
.05
.056
NaBr
.015
.15
.16
.10
.104
CaBia
.25
.25
.25
.25
.25
MgBi2
+.30
+.30
+.30
+ .30
.30
NH4CI
.0025
.0025
.0025
.0025
.00l>5
KCl
.05
.10
.10
.075
.081
NaCl
.30
.30
.25
.25
.^75
CaC!2
.25-. 30
.25
.25-30
.30
.25 to .30
MgC)2
.30
.40
.30
.35
.34
NH4NO3
.0025
.0025
.0026
.0025
.0025
KNO3
.10
.05 to .10
.0510.10
.10
.0875
NaNOs
.20-. 25
.20
.20
.20
.205
Ca(N03)2
.30
.20
.10
.15
.19
Mg(N03)2
.30
.25
.15
.20
.225
KjSO^
.05
.05
.20
.10
.10
Na2S04
.30
.25
.30
.30
.2875
MgS04
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
Cette, Table VI, the only exception is that Na and Ca change
places in the case of the nitrates. In this case, however, the
difference is not great, and, furthermore, the toxic value of
* No acid reaction was shown after the preparation of the solutions.
Acidity tests were not subsequently made.
484 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
the calcium compouud for the different algae used vary very
greatly from .3 to .1 N. In this consideration I have pur-
posely neglected the results obtained with magnesium iodide,
which might be omitted from the tables on account of the
fact that it was ascertained very soon after the experiments
were made that the magnesium iodide was wholly unstable
under the conditions, and the formation of hydroidic acid in
the solutions made the results more nearlj^ that for this acid
than for the nutrient salt with which the experiment began.
In this same table the chlorides of sodium and calcium are
not far apart, though there is ever}^ probability that the value
of the calcium compound was nearer .30 than .25, hence this
would be in keeping with the other results.
The very low toxic effect of the neutral magnesium salts
upon the marine algae makes it evident that these plants are
very notable exceptions to the rule which Loew * t and
others | § have found to hold in the nutrient relations of a
few fresh water algae and many phanerogams. Loew found
the magnesium salts esyjecially injurious to Spirogyra, and
his general conclusions indicate that he would exclude from
plants readily injured by the magnesium salts only certain
lower algae and the fungi. The marine algae which have
been used in my experiments represent undoubtedly what he
would class as higher algae, and their special relation to
magnesiuQi salts could only, from his standpoint, perhaps, be
explained as a special case, due to the peculiar conditions of
their normal environment. It should be borne in mind, how-
ever, that it would mean from the standpoint of his theory,
an ab-^ieuce of the hypothetical calcium protein compound in
* Loew, O. The Physiological Role of Mineral Nutrients in Plants. Bui.
18. Div. Ve^. Plant Physiolo-.y said Palholosy, U. S. Dept. Agr., Washing-
ingtoQ. 1899. Bui. 45. Bureau of Plant Industry. 1903.
t Loew, O. aud May, D. W. The Relation of Lime and Magnesia to
Plant Growth. Bui. No. 1. Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. Agr.
1901.
X Kearney, T. H., and Cameron, F. K. Some mutual Relations between
Alkaline Soils and Vegetation. Rept. No. 71. U. S. Dept. Agr. 1902.
§ Loeb, J. Toxic and Antitoxic Effect of Ions, etc. Chap. 35. Studies
in General Physiology. Part II. 1905. Chicago.
Duggar — R>iIation of Marine Algae to Salt" Solutions. 485
these plants. It is not desirable to discuss in detail the mat-
ter of the magnesium-calcium relationship at this time, but a
brief comparison of the effects of some common salts on
phanerogams may be included. The following table from
Kearney and Cameron shows the limits of concentration per-
mitting roots of white lupine to retain their vitahty for
twenty -four hours.
Substances
Parts in 100,000
% of normal
solution.
Magnesium sulphate
7
.00125
MaauHsiura chloride
12
.0025
S<'Cliura carhouaie
26
.005
Sodium ch'oride
53
.0075
Sodium sulphate
1H3
.02
Sodium bicarbouate
167
.02
Calcium chloride
1377
.25
Of these same substances, however, the concentrations
which absolutely prevent growth arrange themselves in a
different manner, thus : —
Substances
Parts in 100,000
% of normal
solution.
Sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Magnesium chloride
Sodium chloride
Sodium ^ulphate
Calcium chloride
Masnesiuui sulphate
260
417
960
1160
1410
1652
1680
.05,
.05
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
In my own studies, the arrangement of ^the salts according
to their killing action remains practically the same as
that where the line of health is indicated, as is cleary shown
in the following table.
This variation in the resistance of marine algae to nutrient
salts added to sea water is not proportional to the relative
amounts of these salts already present in sea water. This
may readily be seen by a glance at the composition of sea
water in the vicinity of Naples. An early analysis by Eoth*
* Roth, — Chem., Geol. I. p. 524.
486
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
was the only one available at either of the points at which the
work was done : —
NaCl 3.03%
MgCIa .82 "
MgS04 .26 •'
CaS04 .16 "
, KCI .08 "
(Residue — Si, P, CaCOa, etc.)
From the above table it will be seen that sea water contains
Substances
Algae
Calli-
thamcion
Bryopsis
Ceramium
Nito-
pbyllum
Ave.
KI
Nal
Gala
.05
.15
.15
.025
.15
.15
.025
.05
.15
.05
.10
.20
.038
.113
.163
NH^Br
KBr
Nav^r
CaBr2
MgBi-a
.005
.10
.25
.30
+.30
.0025
.15
.20 (ap
.30
+.30
.01
.05
px.).15
.30
+.30
.0025
.15
.15
•30
+.30
.005
.113
.19
.30
+.30
Nn4Cl
KCi
NaCl
CiCia
MgCia
.005
.15
+ .30
Not
.40
.005
.15
+ .30
determined
+.40
.005
.10
+.30
.005
.15
.30
.005
.14
+.30
+ .40
.40
+.40
NH4NO3
KNO3
NaNOs
Ca(N0a)2
Mg(NU,)2
.005
.15
.25
+ .30
.30
.005
.20
.25
.25
.30
.005
.15
.25
.25
.20
.005
.15
.25
.25
.25
.005
.163
.25
.263
.263
KaS04
N.12SO4
M-8()4
.10
+.30
+ .40
.15
+ .30
+ .40
.30
+ .30
+.40
+ .15
.30
+ .40
.175
+.30
+.40
about 3.86 per cent of the various salts. Sodium chloride is
ten times as abundant as the magnesium chloride, and this in
turn four times a.s abundant as potassium chloride, whereas
the toxic value of the latter is considerably higher than either
of the former. With the exception of the magnesium sul-
Duggar — Relation of Marine Algae to Salt Solutions. 487
phate, the other substances used are present in such small
quantity in sea water that they scarcely need consideration.
It is of interest, however, to note that althouoh chlorides are
present to such a great extent in normal sea water, the addi-
tion of a chloride is, generally speaking, more injurious than
the addition of a sulphate; yet the sulphates represent less
than one-tenth the concentration of the chlorides in sea
water, and nitrates are present only as a trace, yet they are,
as a rule, toxic at about the same strengths as the chlorides.
There seems to be no easy explanation of the relative toxic
values of NH4, K, Na, Ca and Mg, as indicated by the results
given. By considering the factor of electrolytic dissociation
there seems to be nothing of special interest; for if we take
the concentrations at which the ammonium salts are toxic as
the points of comparison, we find that the dissociation of
practically all the salts used is very nearly the same. At
greater concentrations there would be, of course, marked dif-
ferences in the amount of dissociation in the various salts.
However, the fact remains that mere differences in the
degree of dissociation may not be invoked to explain these
relations. Otherwise magnesium chloride, which is at .0025
N dissociated to an extent practically equal to that of am-
monium chloride at the same concentration, should have
a health concentration at approximately .0025 rather than at
.24 N.
Arber,* in a paper published since the completion of my
first series of experiments, reports that solutions of ammonium
nitrate equivalent to 1 per cent and 5 per cent potassium
nitrate caused the death of Ulva latissima in a fewdays. He
also found that the nitrates of potassium, sodium and mag-
nesium are inhibitor}- to starch formation in the order named.
The same author t found in earlier experiments that in the
absence of other salts, sodium chloride favored carbon assim-
ilation in this same alga, while the absence of these salts was
1
* Arber, E.A.N. Ou the effect of Nitrates oa the Carbon Assimilation of
Marine Algae. Ann. Bot. 15 : 669-681. 1901.
t Arber, E. A. N. Oa the effect of Salts on the Assimilation of Carbon
Dioxide in Ulva latissima, L. Ann. Bot. 16:89-69. 19i01,
488 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
directly inhibitory to starch formation. Sodium chloride in
in tap-water, at a concentration of 7.5 per cent was not re-
ported as particularly injurious to this species. Since in all
of my experiments, sodium chloride is nearly or quite as
toxic as the nitrates, it might be inferred that the threshold
of toxic action may not be modified on account of any special
stimulating effect which this salt may have upon any partic-
ular function, even though this stimulating effect may be
manifested at a concentration approaching the lethal dose.
Parallel with my experiments already reported, tests were
made in which .35, .30, .25 N, cane sugar, was used in sea
water. In such solutions there was no indication of injury
throughout the period of the experiments. At a higher tem-
perature there is injury in a few days, doubtless due to bac-
terial action. At the same time, a concentrated sea water
was prepared by evaporation. The strength of this varied
from one and one-half to double strength. In such solutions
there was no injury, neither throughout the period of the ex-
periments proper, nor for a week or two afterwards. In fact,
the algae seemed to be in excellent condition as long as the
solutions were kept. A solution stronger than double strength
sea water was not employed, unfortunately, although it is
quite possible that at a strength greater than this some crystal-
lization would result in the low temperature at which the ex-
periments were conducted. In the double strength sea water
it is evident that the concentration of sodium chloride is
greater than in the solution which caused injury when sodium
chloride alone was added to sea water. This was particularly
true with reference to Grinnellia and Ceramium, for these
algae (each in its series) were somewhat more sensitive to
sodium chloride than the other species employed. It is
therefore probable that the concentration of the other salts in
the double strength sea water acted as an antidote (Loew),
or antitoxic (Loeb) agent, for the excess of sodium chloride.
Such relationships of solutes, or the mollification of toxic
action in mixed solutions requires much further study.
Special attention seems to have been called to this matter in
Duggar — Relation of Marine Algae to Salt Solutions. 489
the first instance by Loew.* These facts have subsequently
been much extended by the work of Loew,t Loeb, Loew and
May, Kearney and Cameron, and many others. |
While the toxic studies afford facts of interest in them-
selves, they do not throw any great amount of light upon the
preliminary osmotic experiments which have been outlined.
it is probable that a number of other factors, especially that
of penetration of solutes, must be more carefully studied be-
fore the divergent osmotic results can be systematically
explained. Preliminary experiments indicate that the marine
algae are very sensitive to acids and acid salts, but the results
thus far obtained in this direction will be reserved for subse-
quent report.
(Botanical Departmeut, Universitj of Missouri.)
Issued December 21,1906.
* Loew, O. Ueber die physiologischen Functionen der Calcium und
Magnesiumsalze in Pflauzenorganismus. Flora. 1892,
t 1. c.
X There has appeared since the above was written the interesting paper
by Osterhout (On the Importance of Physiologically balanced Solutions for
Plants. Bot. Gaz. 42 : 127-134), which is of special importance in this con-
nection.
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Transactions of The Academy of Science of St. Louis.
VOL. XVI. NO. 9.
TITLE-PAGE, PREFATOEY MATTER AND INDEX
RECORD FROM JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1906.
Issued Fehruary 28, 1907,
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List of Authors. 491
LIST OF AUTHORS.
Abbott, J. F. cxv
Alt, Adolf xxxix, xlviii
Andrews, Launcelot W. cxxiii
Bagby, Julian cxviii
Baker, Frank Collins, 1
Birge, E. A. xlviii
Bowie, Edward H. cxxii
Buckley, E. R, Ixxvii
Gammon, E. A. cxxiii
Casey, Thomas L., 126.
Chamberlin, T. C. Ivii
Chaplin, W. S. xcii.
Coulter, S. M. xc
Duggar, B. M. 473
Evers, Edward cxxi
Farrington, Oliver C. Ixix
Glatfelter, N. M. cxvi, cxxiii 33.
Goldstein, M. A. cxxiv
Green, John xlv
Hambach, G. xxxiii, cxvi
Hunicke, H. August xci
Hurter, Julius xc, cxvii, cxx, cxxi
Layman, W. A. Ixxxvi
Life, Andrew C. cxvii
Lochhead, "William Ixvii
Long, J. H. Ixii
McGee, WJ Ixxiv
McMillan, Conway Ixxxi
Nipher, Francis E. 17, xli, xlv, xlviii, Ivi, Ivli, 1x11,
jxvii, Ixix, Ixxii, Ixxiii, Ixxvii, Ixxviii, Ixxlx, Ixxxi,
Ixxxiv, xciii, cxvi, cxxi
492 Tram. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Pammel, L. H. Ixxii.
Reardon, James A. Ixxxvii.
Sampson, F. A. xci.
Sander, Enno. xxx, cxvi
Schrenk, Hermann von Ixxviii.
Schwarz, Frank cxvi, cxx
Terry, John H. xci.
Terry, Robert J. cxv 95.
Thompson. C. H. Ixxxv.
Trelease, William Ixxix, cxx
Weller, Stuart 435.
Whelpley, H. M. xx, Ixxxiv, cxv, cxx
Widmanu, Otto cxviii
Woodward, C. M. cxvi
General Index.
4ft 3
GENERAL INDEX
Active Members v, ci, ex
Address of President cxxiv
Addresses at Semi-Centennial xv
Alternition of generation cxvii
Amendments ciii, cix
Amphibia cxvii
Authority cix
Beetles 125
Birds of Missouri cxviii
Boltzmann, death of Dr Ludwlg cxx
Brachipoda cxxiii, 435 [cxx
By-Laws cv
Cave in Crawford county, Mo. cxxi
Stone county, Mo. cxxi
Sullivan county, Mo. cxx
Centipedes cxvi
Charter ex
Constitution ci
Cor-espouding members ei, ex
secretary cvi
Council cii, cvi
Curators cii'
report of cxxviii
Cyclones cxxii
Dendrites cxx
Donations Library cxxvi
Museum cxxviii
Dues cviii
Elections cii, cvi, cvii
Exchanges cxiii
Expulsions cviii
Fossils, Brachiopods cxxiii
Kinderhook 435
Fungi, Mexico cxx
St. Louis cxxiii, 33
Glen Park Limestone 435
Ground hog cxx
History ex
Honorary members v, ci, cviii, ex
Indian clubs cxvii, cxx
Initiation cviii
Japanese language cxv
Kinderhook fauna 435
Librarian cvi
report of exxvl
Library cxiii, cxxvi
Management cxii
Marine algae and salt solutions 473
Meetings ciii, cv, cxii
Members v, ci, cvii, cviii, ex
Meteorology cxxii
Missouri birds cxviii
caves cxx, cxxi,
scorpions cxvi
tarantulas cxvi
Mollusks from Michigan 1
Museum cxiii, cxxviii
Mushrooms cxvi, cxxiii
Nasal skeleton cxv
Nominating Committee cvi
Officers cii, cvi, cxii
Order of business cv
Oco-Pro]ectoscope cxxiv
Ozarks, springs in the cxviii
Patrons v, cii, cviii, ex
Phouetics cxxiii
President, address of cxxiv
Pressure measurements cxvi
Puolicati"n8 cviii, cxiii
Quorum cv
Real Estate cix
Reports of Curators cxxviii
Librarian cxxvi
President cxxiv
Treasurer cxxv
Reptiles cxvii
Retiicnaiion cvii
494
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Resolutions on the death of Dr.
Ludwig Boltzmann cxx, cxxi
Salt solutions and marine algae 473
Sc<irpions cxvi
Secretary cv, cxii
Sections ciii
Semi-Centennial xv
gpri> gs in the Ozarks cxviii
Staphylinidi 125
Tarantulas in Missouri cxvi
Treasurer cvi
report cxxv
Vacancies cvii
Wind pressure, measurement of
[cxvi
Index to Genera.
495
INDEX TO GENERA.
Actinocrinus 439, 440, 463
Actocharis 261
Actosus 261
Agaricochara 278-280
Agaricocrinus 440, 463
Agaricus 40, 56
Agrodes 360
Aidochara n. gea. 128, 145, 149
Alasmldouta 3
Aleochara 128, 129, 133, 134, 136,
144-148, 150, 152, 166, 168, 179,
192, 235, 286, 318
Alytes cxvii
Amanita 34-36
Amanitopsis 37
Amanota n. gen. 187-189, 434
Amblopusa 261, 354
Amblystoma 95
Amenusa n, gen. 349
Aranicola 1, 4
Amphiuma 117
Anepsiota 333, 335, 336, 339
Anearota 228, 229, 251
Anodonta 3
Apalonia n. gen. 323
Aplexa 5
Arachnlon 88
Araeocnemis 367, 359, 360, 434
Arcyria 90
Arena 261
Armillaria 41
Aspis cxviii
Atheta 332, 333, 342
Athetota n. gen. 334, 336, 337
Athyris 437, 438
Atrypa 443, 463, 464
Autalla 260
Baraona 355
Baptolinus 422-424
Baryodma 130, 145-147, 149-151,
165, 179, 180, 319, 320, 434
Bellerophon 456-458
Bjerkandera 80
Bolbitius 33, 51
Boletinus 72
Boletus 33, 73-75, 94
Bolitochara 261-266, 269, 271, 273
Borboropora 188
Bornetia 474
Bos xxxvi, xxxviii
Bovistella 88
Brachida 276, 277, 279, 280
Brachyusa 183
Bryobiota261, 354
Bryopsis 478, 483, 486
Bryothinusa 261
Bulgaria 93
Calliceru8 308, 309
Callitliamnion 478, 483, 486
Calochara n. gen. 129, 149
Calvatia 87, 88
Camarophorea 465
Camarotoechia 442, 465
Campeloma 4
Cantharellus 69
Cardiola 225, 229-231, 252
Centronella 465
Ceramium 478, 483, 486
Ceranota 131, 134, 135
Chaetomorpha 474, 476, 477
Chelone cxvii
Chilopora 306, 308
Chitalia 225, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233,
237-239, 245, 250
Chlorotusa n. gen. 324
Chonetes441, 463, 465
Chonopectus 467, 469
Cladophora 477, 478, 482
Claudopus 51
Clavaria 84, 85
Clitopilus 33, 50, 51
Clytocybe 42-44, 56
496
Trans. AcacU ScL of St. Louis.
Colljbii 34, 45, 46
Comatricha 91
ConuUi ia cxvi
Coprinus 62, 63
Cortinarius34, 63, 64
Craterellus 83
Crepidotus 66
Crucibulum 89
Cryptoaella 443, 465
Ctenochara n. gen. 128, 134, 433
Cyathaxonia 488
Cyathus 89
Cvphea 280
Cvpricardinia 454, 455. 463
C\ therodon 452
Daedalea 81
Daldlnia 94
Da-^ya 478, 482
Dasyglo8sa318, 319
Deconica 61
Delihyris 445-447, 463, 4«5
Dlanusa n. gen. 346
Diatrybe 94
Diaiilota261
Dicty 'phora 85
Dielafma 443
Diestota276, 277, 279
DiDolinus n. gen. 366, 872, 373, 434
Diochus 357-359, 429, 430, 434
Ditropalia n. gen. 262-264, 434
Draco cxvii
Drusil ii 321, 322
Drusillota n. gen. 321, 434
Eccilia 52
Echidnoglossa 183
Echochara n. gen. 132, 176
Elfvinsia 80
Elymella 451
Elytrusa n. gan. 334, 336
Eraplenota 131, 132, 134, 136, 172,
173, 176, 177
Encephalus 276, 277, 279, 280
Entoloraa 33, 50
Epipeda 260
Eucharina u. gen. 130, 149, 165,
173
Eucouulus 14
Eucryptusa n. gen. 345
Eullssus 231, 357, 365, 366, 373,
379, 380, 397, 398
Euliusan. gen. 187, 188, 192, 213,
215, 221, 223
Eumicrotan. gen. 278-280,285, 434
Eunella 442, 443, 463, 465
Euromota n. gen. 334, 338
Eurynotida n. gen. 343
Eurystomus cxxi
Euryusa 261, 348
Evactlnopora 438
Exldia 85
Falagon a 321
Falagria 125, 183, 190, 219, 222,
227, 229-232, 234-237, 243, 245,
246, 249, 263, 256, 259
Falagrioma n. gen. 226, 230, 239,
434
Falagriota n. gen. 229, 266
Favolus 81
Flammula 33, 63, 54, 66
Fomes 78-80
Fuligo 90
Galera 57
Ganoderma 79
Geaster 86
Gennadota n. gen. 808, 309
Geopyxis 93
Gloeoporus 80
Gnypeta 183-186, 188, 188, 192,
203-205, 214-216, 218, 221, 338
Gnypetella n. gen. 186, 188, 214, 221
Gnypetoma 196, 202, 221
Gomphldius 66
Goniobasis 1, 4
Goniusa n. gen, 348
Grifflthsia 474, 477
Grinnellia 477, 478, 482
Guepinia 85
Gyrohypnus 360, 361, 367, 368, 376,.
384, 386, 396 399, 409, 412
Gyromitra 91
Gyronycha 355
Gyrophaena 276-282, 285, 286, 288,
> 289, 305
Habrolinus n. gen. 369, 370, 406-
408
Hebeloma 54
Index to Genera.
497
Helvella 91, 92
Heraiarcyria 90
Hemitrichia 90, 91
Hesperolinas n. gea. 358, 370, 371,
404, 403,411, 412, 416
Hirn»-ola 85
Homalolinus 366, 374, 434
Horaaluta260, 275, 332 336, 340
Homalotusj. n. gen. 330, 340
Hoplandria 343
Hydnei 82
Hygrophorus 64
Hylota n. gen. 318
Hymenochaete 84
Hypholoma 59, 60
Hypnogra n. gen. S94
Hypomyces 35, 94
Hypoxylon 94
Hyprioma n. gen. 358, 362, 434
Idiolinus n. gen. 36t, 368, 375, 434
Ilyobates307, 309
Ilyusa 189
Inocybe 33, 54-56
Inonotus 79
Ips 420
Irpex 82, 88
Isaria 94
Ischnopoila 183, 185, 188, 189
Lacbnea 93
Lactarius 33, 64-66, 94
Larapsilis 3
Lelolinus n. gen. 371, 416, 418
Lentinus 33, 71, 72
Lenzites 72, 81
Lepiota cxx 33, 34, 36-40
Leptacinodes n. gen. 369, 372, 401,
404, 405, 434
Iiepta> inus 358, 361, 368, 369, 399,
401, 404. 405, 420
Leptaena 438
Leptagria n. gen. 227, 249, 260
Leptoliuus 358, 364, 372, 409, 418,
419
Leptusa 261, 263, 344, 360
Liogluta 332-335
Llparocephalus 261
Lif^sagria n. gen. 228, 229, 239, 252,
253, 265, 260.
Llssohypnus n. gen. 368, 398
Lithocharodes 370, 406, 408-410,
418
Lithophaga 465
Lophagria n. gen. 225, 229-231,
434
Lorlnota, n. gen. 22h-, 233, 238, 239
Lycogola 90
Lycoperdon 86, 87
Lymnaea 1, 5, 10-13
Macrodon, 450-452, 463, 465
Macroterma n. gen. 334, 335, 337
Marasraius 34, 69-71
Maseoctiari 130-132, 134, 137, 144,
168, 172, 173, 176, 177
Mastodon xxiv, xxxiv
Mataris 188
Megalobatrachus cxvii
Melagria n. gen. 227, 230, 250, 261,
434
Meaobranchus 117
Menoporaa 117
Meroua 187
Meronera 184, 187-1^9, 220, 223
Merulius 81
Metoponcus 357, 360, 361, 364, 372,
420
Microlinus n. gen. 372, 419, 430
Modiola 453, 454. 463
Modiomorpha 452-454, 463
Moloch cxviii
Morchella 91
Mutinus 85
Mycena 33, 46, 47
Myrraecopora 189, 260
Myrmedonia 322-324
Myrmoecia 322, 323
Naja cxviii
Nasirema 311
Naticopsis 458
Naucoria 56
Necturus 115, 116, 119
Nematoiinus n. gen. 358, 870, 406-
409, 412
Neolara 184, 187, 188, 221, 434
Nitophyllum 478, 483, 486
Nolanea 51
Notiochara n. gen. 129, 134, 433
Notolinopsis n. gen. 371,372, 377,
378, 434
498
Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis.
Notolinus n. gen. 358, 371, 372,375,
377, 434
Nototaphra 322, 323
Nucleospira 447, 463
Nucula 448, 463, 465
Nuculana 448, 449, 463, 465
Nuculites 452
Nudobius 358, 367, 372, 380, 381,
384, 385,424
Ocalea 305, 308
Oligolinus n. gen. 361, 372, 420
Omphalia 33, 48
Oreochara n. gen. 129, 148
Orthagria n.gen. 260
Orthonychia 461
Orthothetes 440, 463, 465
Othiellus n. gen. 421-423, 434
Othius 421-424
Oxypoda 311, 318, 319, 334, 336,
350
Ozonium 94
Pachycerota n. gen. 307
Panaeolus 61, 62
Pancota n. gen. 345
Panus 33, 71, 72
Paraphorhynchus 469
Parothius n. gen. 421-423, 425
Paxillus 56
Peziza 35, 92
Phaenogyra 277-280, 352
Phallogaster 89
Phanerota n. gen. 276, 278, 285,
286, 289, 324, 434
Phloeopora 309-311
Pholiota 52, 53
Phylloporus 56
Phymatura 262, 264
Physa 1, 5-8
Physarum 90
Phytosus 261
Pilosace 58
Pinalochara n. gen. 131, 132, 173,
177
Plnophilus 358, 364
Pipa cxvii
Placusa 260, 349
Planorbis 9, 10
Piatyceras 437. 459, 460, 463
Platyprosopus 357, 358, 363, 364
Pleouosporiura 474
Pieurotobia n. gen. 263, 272, 273,
275
Pleuiotus 44, 45, 51
Plocbionuceruc* ;i60
Pluteolus 57
Piute us 49, 50
Polygyra 14
Polypoius 76-79
Polysaccum 89
Polysiphonia 477
Polystlctus 76
Polystoma 131, 134, 136, 172, 176
Polystomota n. gen. 132, 136, 3
Porphyra 477
Productus 437, 438, 463
Proteus 115, 117, 119
Psalllota 58
Psathyra 33
Psathyrella 63
Psilocybe 61
Ptilium 281
Ptychomphalus 455, 465
Ptyctodus 462-464,469
Pyramidiila 15
Pyropolyporus 79
Quereus 79
Rana 112, 114-118, 120
Rechota 188
Reichenbacbia 359
Rheobioma n. gen. 133, 176, 180,
181
Rheochara 133-136, 173, 176-182
Rheocharella n. gen. 133, 176, 181
Rhizomorpha 94
Rhynchonella 469
Rhynchotrema 436
Robinia 79
Russula 33, 34, 66-69
Sarcoscypha 92
Saurohypnus 366, 373, 379, 434
Schizodus 452, 463, 465
Schizophyllum 72
Scleroderma 88
Secotium 88
Segmentina 9
Index to Genera.
499
Seminula 447
Semivelutina 172
Sepidonium 94
Sericoderus 273
Sibiota n. gen. 350
Sllusa 263, 344-347
Silusida n. gen. 262, 264, 270, 272
Sipalia 261, 263, 350
Somoleptus 408
Sphaerium 3, 4
Sphenophorus 151
Spirifer 437-439, 444
Spiriferiua 446
Staphylinus 144
Stemonitis 90
Stenagria 239
Stenns 285
Sterculia 359, 360
Stereum 84
Stictalia n. gen. 261, 262, 264, 272
Stictolinus n. gen. 369, 372, 404, 410
Stillcus 357
Strobilomyces 76
Stropharia 68, 59
Stropbitus 3
Strophostylus 460, 461
Succinea 14 ,
Syringothyris 444
Tachyusa 183, 185-190, 192, 194,
196-198, 200, 202-205, 212-216,
221, 224, 260
Tachyusilla n. gen. 213, 434
Tachyusota n. gen. 213, 434
Taphrodota n. gen. 334, 338
Teliusa n. gen. 185, 188, 203
Terasola n. gen. 334, 337
Thelephora 83
Thinonoma 183
Thinusa 261, 353
Tilmadoche 89, 90
Tinotus 320
Tithanis 130, 172
Titanotherium xxxvi, xxxviii
Tomicus 420
Trachyota n. gen. 184, 185, 188,
190, 191
Trametes 80, 81
Tremelodon 82
Trichia 91
Trichiusa 325, 326, 332
Tricholoma 33, 41, 42
Triton 113, 120
Tropidodiscus 458, 463
Tubaria 57
Typhlomolge cxvii
Typhlusida n. gen. 263, 350, 434
Ulitusa n. gen. 347
Ulva 487
Urnula 93
Ustulina 94
Valenusa n. gen. 342
Valvata 4
Venusa n. gen. 263, 264, 270, 272,
274
Volvaria 48, 49
Xanthohypnus n. gen. 367, 372, 374,
434
Xantholinus 358, 367-369, 373-375,
377, 380, 381, 384, 386-388, 895,
397, 398, 412, 420
Xenochara 128, 129, 134, 146, 147,
182
Xenusa 183, 186, 188, 189
Xestolinus n. gen. 368, 397
Xesturida n. gen. 325
Xylariia 93, 94
Zaphrentis 439
Zeuglodon xxiv, xxxiv
Zonitoides 15
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