LIST 0¥^ PAPERS.
Bassett, H. F. page
New species of North American Cynipidge . . .59
Calvert, Philip P.
Notes on some North American Odonata, with descrip-
tions of three new species ...... 33
DiETZ, W. G., M. D.
Notes on the species of Dendroctonus of Boreal America. 27
Hagen, Dr. H. A.
A Synopsis of the Odonat genus Leucorhinia Britt. . 229
Horn, G. H., M. D.
The species of Heterocerus of Boreal America . . 1
Notes on the species of Ochthebius of Boreal America . 17
Notes on some Hydrobiini of Boreal America . . 237
A Revision of the Sphseridiini inhabiting Boreal America 279
Some Notes on Ar?eoschizus ...... 339
<S HuLST, George D.
The Phycitida? of North America 93
Robertson, Charles.
New North American Bees of the genera Halictus and
Prosopis .,....••• 315
Smith, John B.
Descriptions of some new species of Agrotis Auct. . 41
A contribution toward a knowledge of the Mouth-parts
of the Diptera ........ 319
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
VOIvUN/[K XVII.
The species of HETEROCERUS of Boreal America.
BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D.
AVith most collectors Heterocerus does not seem to have been held
in much regard. The species have been looked upon as almost in-
separable, and the small amount of literature devoted to them has
been practically inaccessible to nearly all. To myself they had
been equally unattractive until the large material which had accu-
mulated in a quarter of a century required to be dealt with and
properly arranged, a task of no small difficulty in a mass of several
hundreds from all parts of our country in every style of cabinet
preparation.
In a work of this character, after the specimens have been uni-
formly mounted and prepared for study, the first essential step is the
separation of the sexes. This is not a matter of much difficulty,
although the males are far less numerous than the females. In the
males the head is larger and more prominent, the mandibles more
slender and projecting, the labrum longer, and in one group pro-
longed at middle in a process of varying length according to the
species. The clypeus is also retuse to a varying degree, and is espe-
cially well marked in the species with a prolonged labrum. The
thorax is at least as broad as the elytra, sometimes slightly broader,
and not gradually narrowed to the front as in the female.
TKANS. AM. ENT. sec. XVII. (1) .JANUARY, 1890.
2 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
In one species, pusillus, tlie males have at the base of the mandi-
bles a lobe prolonged over the labruni. PI. 1, fig. 16.
The separation of the species, although much less difficult than
had been supposed, is not a thoroughly easy task, and the large
series before me, while rendering the attempt far more difficult than
it would have been with a few score of specimens, has made it pos-
sible to determine the limits of variation with greater certainty.
The attempts at a monograph by Kiesen wetter were merely de-
scriptions of species based for the most part on small series, separated
without reference to structural characters. Color and sculpture af-
forded him the means of satisfactory separation, but with large series
these are shown to have but little value.
In 1866, Schioedte attempted a division of the genus on charac-
ters drawn principally from the antennae ; Augyles, one of the sub-
divisions having but ten joints. The recognition has been shown by
deGozis to be extremely difficult and uncertain, and therefore of
doubtful value. In 1872, Mulsant and Rey proposed a means of
subdivision based on characters of far easier observation and giving
apparently more satisfactory results.
It was observed by them that in certain species the elevated curved
line on the first ventral segment extended from the front angle by a
broad curve toward the middle of the posterior edge of the segment
and there terminated, while in others the line continued the curve
forward toward the inner edge of the coxa. In the former case the .
abdominal plates are called open (plaques abdominales ouvertes) and
in the latter entire (plaques abdominales enUhres). For the species
Avith entire plates the name Au gyles was erroneously adopted, which
deGozis has proposed to change to Littorhmts (Rev. Ent. 1885, p.
120). In our fauna but one species is known to belong here, au-
romicans.
Recently Dr. Sharp* has observed a character of ccmsiderable
importance in its application to the grouping of the species. In
rather more than half our species there will be observed on the
metasternum an elevated line which begins at the middle of the
posterior border of the middle coxa, extending obliquely backward
joining the suture between the metasternum and its episternum.
That this has anything to do with stridulation as suggested by Dr.
Sharp seems to me extremely doubtful from its character as well as
Biol. Cent. Am. vol. i, pt. 2, p. 116.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 3
from its position in relation to the line of motion of the middle leg.
In the following pages this line is designated as the post-mesoeoxal
line.
In two of our species, gemviatiis and auromicans, there will be ob-
served near the base of the epipleuron an elevated oblique line, be-
ginning at the inner epipleural edge posterior to the anterior end of
the met-episternum and directed obliquely forward and outward to
the humeral angle. Although this character is possessed by but two
species, it enables us to separate one of them from another so closely
allied as to be almost inseparable without its use.
C. G. Thomson has made a certain use of the number of spinous
hairs on the lower edge of the front femur, but without useful result.
While the characters drawn from the markings have, on the whole,
but little value, there is one point of considerable utility. In a num-
ber of species there exists a pale spot at the middje of the base of
each elytron more or less prolonged backward. This is very constant
in the species to which it is known to belong, and has as much value
here as a similar white spot at the middle of the base of the elytra
in certain groups of Cicindela. In fact, the fully developed mark-
ings of Heterocerus are decidedly Cicindeloid in type.
In sculpture of the elytra the species vary greatly within specific
limits. While in a few species the elytra are not at all, or very
rarely, substriate, the larger number of species are distinctly sub-
striate in about half the specimens, the remaining half being either
without trace of stripe, or having them but feebly distinct. When
the stride are distinct the fifth is gradually deeper toward the base
and forms a basal marginal depression which extends to the middle.
The punctuation varies similarly; the large majority of specimens
have a close and fine punctuation, scarcely perceptible under the
pubescence, but individuals occur with a coarse and conspicuous
punctuation. In these latter the elytral markings are usually ob-
literated. In one species (Schwarei) all the specimens are rather
coarsely punctate and the markings remain well defined.
The vestiture of the species consists of a moderately dense, but
short, semi-erect pubescence of dark brown color, but paler on the
bands or on the spaces where the bands should be. The entire mar-
gin is fimbriate with longer hair, more conspicuous on the thorax.
In auromicaus, however, the hairs are short, scale-like and not erect,
and the mararin is not fimbriate.
4 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
Considerable stress has been laid on the fact as to whether the base
of the thorax has a marginal line, but as far as our species are
known to lue it exists in all, but varies in the sharpness of its defi-
nition.
With the structural characters already referred to it is proposed
to arrange our species in the following manner :
Stridulating ridge of first ventral segment incomplete, i. e., extending from the
front angle in a curved line merely to the posterior border of the segment.
Heterocerus.
Stridulating ridge of first ventral segment complete, i. e., forming nearly a semi-
circle from the front angle to the posterior border, then recurving to the
inner coxal border Liitloriiiiiis.
All our species belong to Heterocerus proper^ excepting auromi-
cans, which belongs to Littorimus.
The species of Heterocerus proper may be separated in the follow-
ing manner :
Subgenus HETEROCERUS.
Metasternum without post mesocoxal line 2.
Metasternum with post-mesocoxal line 5.
2. — Labrum of male narrowed at tip and prolonged in a process of greater or
less length 3.
Labrum of male not prolonged in a process 4.
3.— Process of male labrum long and narrow giiatho.
Process of male labrum not longer than half the body of labrum, and not
abruptly formed.
Elytra in greater part pale, with indistinct fuscous markings ; thorax with
sides broadly paler pallidas.
Elytra piceous, with the usual pale fasciae more or less developed.
Teiitralis,
4. — Mandibles not prominent in male ; elytra never with juxta scutellar spot.
tiiidattis.
Thorax with entire pale border var. undatus.
Thorax with front angles yellow var. mollinus.
Thorax entirely piceous var. fatuus.
5. —Mandibles of male without basal lobe extending over the labrum 6.
Mandibles of male with basal lobe 10.
6. — Epipleurae with oblique elevated line near the base; thorax entirely pice-
ous; elytra without juxta-scuiellar spot g'eiiiiiiattis.
Epipleurffi without oblique elevated line 7.
7. — Elytra without juxta-scutellar pale spot. 8.
Elytra with juxta-scutellar pale spot 9.
8. — Large species; legs more or less piceous; elytra usually substriate, the pale
fasciae much broken and never broad bi'iiililCUS.
Smaller species; legs entirely pale; elytral markings well defined and
broad, usually entire, surface not substriate Scliwarzi.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 0
9 —Geueral color of upper surface brownish, often quite pale in the small speci-
mens, thorax merely slightly darker at middle, rarely entirely brown ;
mandibles of male with a basal lobe on outer side more or less angulate.
collaris.
General color piceous, thorax piceous, often sharply bordered with pale;
mandibles of male not prominent at base; elytral markings tending to
J. „uf^ tristis.
form vittie
10.— General color pale, often entirely so or with a broad thoracic space and an
equally broad sutural space on the elytra fuscous pusilliis.
Subgenus LITTORIMUS.
Metasternum with post-coxal line: epipleurfe with oblique elevated line near the
base; stridulating line of first ventral segment entire auroinicans.
H. gliatllO Lee— Oblong, moderately convex, piceous, clothed with short,
semi-'erect brownish hairs, the entire margin fimbriate with longer hairs, elytra
with the usual sinuous bands more or less interrupted and with a juxta-scutellar
basal spot. Antenna ferruginous. Head densely, finely punctured and opaque.
Thorax fully twice as wide as long, sides moderately arcuate, narrower in front
in 9 , base arcuate, oblique each side and with a distinct marginal line, disc
moderately convex, densely punctulate and with longer pubescence (as also the
head) than on the elytra ; color entirely piceous, the anterior angles often yellow.
Elytra nearly parallel, disc vaguely substriate, surface densely punctulate, a little
more coarsely than ou the thorax, color piceous, with the usual sinuous reddish
yellow bands more or less interrupted, a recurrent lunule near the apex, a spot
more or less triangular at basal margin on each side of scutellum. Epipleura
yellow. Body beneath piceous, more shining and less pubescent than above,
anterior angles of thorax, tip of prosternal lobe and sides and apex of abdomen
yellow ; abdomen, densely, punctulate. Femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi piceous.
Len-^th .16— .22 inch.; 4—5.5 mm. PI. 1. fig. 1.
Male -Labrum broader than long, the middle third of the apex abruptly pro-
longed in a process as long as the body of labrum, the tip emarginate, the upper
side carinate. Mandibles slender and long, the post-apical teeth small, without
trace of basal lobe ou the outer side. Front slightly retuse. Thorax a little
broader than the elytra, sides arcuate, not narrower to the front.
Female -Labrum broader than long, oval, the middle of apex with two short,
obtuse teeth and on each side a slight sinuation. Mandibles shorter and broader
than in the male and with the teeth well marked. Front continuous with the
labrum. Thorax not broader than the elytra, distinctly narrowed to the front.
Variations.— The sinuous bands may begin at the lateral margin
independently, but many specimens occur with an entire yellow bor-
der from base to apex. The bands are variably interrupted, but
there is no great difference in this respect. In immature specimens
the elytra are nearly as pale as in paUidus; such formed the types of
the species.
The male will be easily known by the form of the labrum trom
any species in our fauna. The female having the juxta-scutellar
6 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
spot could only be mistaken (in description) for j^'^Mldus or nndatus,
both of which have the sides of thorax broadly paler, or for coUaris
and tristis, both of which have the meso-coxal line.
After an examination of the types of gnatho and labratus (labia-
tus II) it has been found that the two are absolutely identical, except
as to color. The types of gnatho are merely pale specimens.
Occurs in the southern portion of California and the adjacent re-
gions of Arizona, probably extending also into Mexico.
H. i>alli<lus Say. — Obloug, feebly convex, piceous, the elytra in great part
pale luteous, sides of thorax broadly pale, surface clothed with sliort. semi-erect
pubescence, fulvous on the paler parts, brownish elsewhere, entire margin fim-
briate with longer hairs. Antennte pale testaceous. Head dark browu, densely
punctulate. Thorax fully twice as wide as long, wider in the male, base arcuate,
slightly oblique each side with a distinct marginal line, disc moderately convex,
densely finely punctulate, color brown or piceous, the sides broadly yellowish.
Elytra parallel 9> or slightly narrower behind %, disc faintly striate, surface
densely finely punctulate, general color pale luteous, with indistinct brownish
markings. Epipleurse pale. Body beneath piceous, the sides of prothorax and
abdomen, the entire last ventral segment pale. Abdomen closely, but very mi-
nutely punctulate. Legs entirely pale yellow. Length .17 — .22 inch. ; 4.5—5.5
mm. PI. 1, fig. 2.
3Iale. — Labium broader than long, the middle third of apical margin prolonged
in a process about one-third the length of the body of labrum and emarginate
at tip. Mandibles slender, moderately long, the teeth small and near the apex.
Front slightly retuse. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides regularly
arcuate, not narrowed in front.
Female. — Labrum oval, narrowed in front, a .slight emargination at middle.
Mandibles shorter and stouter than in the male, the teeth more evident. Thorax
twice as wide as long, sides arcuate and distinctly narrowed in front.
Variations. — The thorax may be almost entirely piceous. The
elytra vary also in the extent of the })allid color, which is really
only the expansion of the usual sinuous bands of the other species,
so that merely indistinct fu.scous markings appear. The underside
of body may vary from the described form which is in great part
piceous, to entirely pale, as in the specimens described by Say.
The male is readily known. The female, when small, might be
mistaken for collaris, but there is no meso-coxal line in pallidus.
The pale elytra and entirely yellow legs will distinguish either sex
from any of the species in which the male has the prolonged labrum.
Occurs in western Kansas (Popenoe) to El Paso, Texas and Ariz.
H. Tentralis Mels. — Oblong, feebly convex, piceous, clothed with short,
semi-erect fulvous or bi'ownish pubescence, the entire margin fimbriate with
longer hair, anterior angles of thorax yellow, sometimes the entire side; elytra
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 7
with the usual sinuous bauds always interrupted and sometimes indistinct,
rarely a basal spot. Antennae piceous, the basal joint paler. Head densely
finely punctulate. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, base arcuate at
middle, oblique each side and with a distinct marginal line, disc moderately
convex, densely finely punctulate. Elytra parallel iu both sexes, substriate,
closely punctulate, sinuous bands interrupted on the disc and not united at the
margin by a pale border. Epipleurje piceous. Body beneath piceous, more shin-
ing than above, finely closely punctulate, anterior angles of prothorax, tip of
prosternal lobe, sides and tip of abdomen narrowly yellow. Femora reddish
yellow, piceous at base, tibife piceous, tarsi pale. Length .24 inch. ; 6 mm. PI.
1, figs. 3-4.
Male. — Labrum obliquely sinuately narrowed at apex, prolonged at middle in
a process about one half as long as the body of labrum, feebly emarginate at
tip. Mandibles prolonged and slender, the post apical teeth very indistinct:
front refuse. Thorax rather more than twice as wide as long and slightly wider
than the elytra, sides regularly arcuate, not narrowed in front.
Female. — Labrum broader than long, sinuate each side of apex, slightly pro-
longed at middle and with a slight emargination. Mandibles shorter and stouter
than in the male, the teeth distinct. Thorax distinctly narrowed in front, not
broader than the elytra.
Variations. — Beyond the varying degree of interruption of the
sinuous bands no differences have been observed beyond those given
in the description.
From all the species which precede this may be known by the
absence of the juxta-scutellar yellow spot. The females bear a very
close resemblance to gemmatus so common in the Pacific i-egion, but
the absence of a post-mesocoxal line in ventralis will enable the two
to be separated. It is more difficult by description alone to separate
the females of this and undatus, but the labrum of the latter is not
sinuate each side and the emargination broader.
Occurs in Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio.
H. lindatus Mels.— Oblong, moderately convex, piceous or brown, thorax
variable, elytra with the usual sinuous bands more or less interrupted, a sub-
apical lunule, but no basal spot, surface clothed with brownish pubescence, the
entire margin distinctly fimbriate. Antennge piceous. Head piceous, densely
punctulate. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, base arcuate, distinctly
sinuate at the sides, the marginal line distinct, disc densely punctulate, some-
times entirely piceous, or with the front angles yellow, or the sides narrowly
yellow. Elytra oblong, parallel in both sexes, usually substriate, often not so,
the surface densely i)unctulate, piceous or brown, with the usual sinuous, more
or le.ss interrupted bands, which are sometimes united at the margin by an entire
pale border; surface densely punctulate, the punctures varying iu degree. Epi-
pleuriE usually piceous, rarely either entirely pale, or pale at base only. Body
beneath piceous, the front angle of prothorax sometimes, the sides of abdomen
narrowly yellow. Abdomen densely finely punctulate. Femora yellowish or
brown, tibia; piceous. Length .16 — .18 inch. ; 4 — 4.5 mm. PI. 1, fig. 6.
0 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
Male. — Labrura slightly broader than long, arcuately narrowed to the front,
the apex eniarginate at middle. Mandibles slightly prominent, the incisure of
the upper margin rather deep. Front distinctly retuse. Thorax a little wider
than the elytra, slightly narrowed in front.
Female. — Labrum shorter and broader than in the male, rather broadly emar-
ginate truncate at apex. Mandibles not prominent, the incisure of the upper
edge deep, but the lobular projection exterior to it less prominent. Thorax not
wider than the elytra, very distinctly narrowed in front.
Variations. — The wide distribution of this species is probably the
cause of its variability from the climatic influences to which it is
subjected. In order that the variations may be understood the fol-
lowing sketch has been prepared :
Thorax entirely piceous.
Elytral markings almost entirely obliterated ( — — — )
Elytral markings more or less distinct.
Elytra substriate substriatus.
Elytra not substriate miser.
Thorax with anterior angles yellow to a varying extent backwards.
mollinus = fatuus.
Thorax with sides narrowly pale from base to apex. Legs paler than in the
preceding forms undatus Mels.
( — • ) Piceous black above and beneath including the legs, the front
angle of prothorax and side of front ventral segment pale. Elytral markings
almost entirely obliterated, their position indicated by paler gray hair ; punctua-
tion of elytra rather coarse and conspicuous.
substriatus Kies. — Color piceous, the elytral bands fairly distinct, the
punctuation usual. Beneath piceous, the front angle of the prothorax and sides
of abdomen paler. Femora in great part brownish or reddish yellow, tibije
piceous.
The substriate character of this form, on which Kiesenwetter lays
some stress, has no value whatever, as in all the species forms occur
either substriate or not.
It is barely possible that the Kiesenwetter type of substriatus may
be really a synonym of brunneus, as the specimens of this are more
decidedly and uniformly striate than elsewhere.
miser Kies. is a small form of the above with similar color and sculpture,
but without elytral strife.
mollinus Kies. — Piceous or brown, the front angles of thorax yellow some-
times to the middle. Elytral markings distinct. Body beneath similar to sub-
striatus. Femora rufotestaceous, tibise brown or piceous.
fatuus Kies. is merely a smaller mollinus.
undatus Mels. — Piceous or brown, sides of thorax from base to apex bor-
dered with yellow. Elytral markings always quite distinctly marked. Body
beneath with a broader border of pale. Legs sometimes entirely pale, or with
the tibise alone fuscous.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 9
The larger females of this form resemble those females of ven-
tralis in which the sides of the thorax are more or less pale, but in
this species there is never a juxta-scutellar spot, on the elytra and in
both sexes the labrum is rather differently formed.
Occurs from Canada and the New England States westward to
Wyoming and from these points southward in the entire region east
of the Rocky Mountains.
H. geininatus n. sp.— Oblong, moderately convex, piceous black, clothed
with the usual gray or fulvous pubescence, with longer hairs at the margin,
elytra with the usual sinuous bands each nearly always broken into three
oval spots. Antennae piceous, the basal joint usually paler. Head densely
punctulate. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, base arcuate, and at
the sides oblique, marginal line distinct, entire; disc moderately convex, densely
punctulate, color entirely piceous when mature. Elytra parallel 9 , or slightly
narrower posteriorly %, disc variably substriate, sometimes indistinctly, as often
very evidently, surface densely punctulate, color piceous, the sinuous bands
orange yellow, often very indistinct, each usually divided into three oval spots,
a marginal spot near apex, another slightly in front of this. Epipleurse piceous,
an oblique elevated line near the base ; metasternum with post-mesocoxal oblique
line. Body beneath piceous black, more shining than the upper surface, the
entire reflexed side of pronotum, tip of prosternal lobe, the sides and apex of
abdomen narrowly, yellow. Abdomen densely, finely punctulate. Legs piceous,
tarsi alone pale. Length .13 — .25 inch. ; 3.25—6.5 mm. PI. 1, fig. 5.
3Iale. — Labrum broader than long, slightly narrowed in front, apical margin
slightly emarginate at middle and on each side sinuate. Mandibles moderately
long, the teeth small. Front slightly retuse behind the labrum. Thorax dis-
tinctly wider than the elytra, not narrowed in front. Elytra slightly narrowed
from the humeri posteriorly.
Female. — Labrum scarcely differing from the male, except that it is a little
shorter and the sinuations in front less distinct. Mandibles shorter and stouter,
the teeth very well developed. Thorax slightly narrower than the elytra, nar-
rowed in front. Elytra parallel.
Variations. — As will be seen by the measurement this species
varies considerably in size as well as in the distinctness of the striae.
The markings vary greatly. In the greater number of specimens,
the bands are completely broken up, in many, however, they are as
in the form figured. Immature specimens have not only the bands
perfect, but the entire side has a pale border and the epipleurae also
pale. In the specimens from the northern regions the vestitui-e is a
distinct pubescence, while in those from the south (Los Angeles, etc.)
the vestiture approaches that of auromicans.
In this species the thorax of the male is more convex, and the
appearance more massive than usual. The differences between it
and ventralis have already been referred to. Some small and slightly
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (2) JANUARY, 1890.
10 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
immature specimens are before me with the bands quite well marked,
these by their size and appearance resemble to a deceptive extent
some of the forms of our eastern undatus (var. moUinus), but the
presence of the mesocoxal and epipleural lines will at once separate
the present species.
Occurs in the region from Washington southward through Cali-
fornia to Arizona, also in western Nevada.
H. briinneus Mels. — Oblong, moderately convex, pieeous, slightly shining,
surface with the usual short, semi erect pubescence, margin fimbriate with
slightly longer hairs, elytra with the usual sinuous fascise. more or less inter-
rupted and in some specimens scarcely distinct. Antennse pieeous, two basal
joints somewhat paler. Head densely finely punctured, subopaque. Thorax
fully twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, slightly narrowed in front in 9 , base
feebly arcuate at middle, obliquely sinuate each side, the basal marginal line
entire, disc moderately convex, extremely finely and densely punctulate, color
entirely pieeous, rarely with the front angles slightly yellowish. Elytra parallel,
disc nearly always substriate, the punctuation variable, usually fine and dense,
less commonly quite coarse and conspicuous, markings almost exactly as in
moUbms, and at times almost entirely obliterated. Epipleuraj without basal ob-
lique line. Body beneath, in mature specimeus, entirely pieeous. Metasternum
with distinct post mesocoxal line. Legs usually entirely pieeous, but variable
from maturity. Length .12— .16 inch.; 3—4 mm.
Male. — Labrum much broader than long, nearly semicircular, apex entire.
Mandibles not prominent; clypeus slightly convex. Thorax as broad as the
elytra, very slightly narrowed in front.
i^emaZe. - Labrum twice as wide as long, broadly, but not deeply emarginate
in front. Thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra and more narrowed in
front than the male.
Variations. — As in all the other species, this one varies in the ex-
tent of the sinuous markings of the elytra, being at times complete,
but usually broken into spots. In the vast majority the thorax is
entirely pieeous, but in some the front angles are paler. None have
been seen with the entire border pale. The elytral sculpture varies
in the punctuation and striation. In some the punctures are quite
coarse and conspicuous, or again very fine. On the whole the speci-
mens are more distinctly striate than in any other species, although
this, too, is variable. The legs vary in color. In those specimens
the markings distinct and entire and which have very often the
bands united along the border, the legs when seen from beneath are
almost entirely yellow, the upperside of the tibiae is black. In the
darker and indistinctly marked specimens, which are the most com-
mon, the legs are either entirely pieeous or the front femora slightly
yellow.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 11
This species greatly resembles the smaller forms of gemmatus, and
also moUinus, the latter more especially. AVith the former it agrees
in having the post-mesocoxal line and differs in the absence of the
epipleural line. From the latter, which has no post-mesocoxal line,
it is easily known.
This species is widely distributed. California, Oregon, Nevada,
Wyoming, Canada, Illinois, Nova Scotia, Nebraska, Louisiana and
District of Columbia.
H. Scliwarzi n. sp. — Obloug, convex, piceoiis, clothed with the usual semi-
erect brownish pubescence, the margins fimbriate with longer hairs, elytra with
the usual sinuous bands, which are usually broad, often broken into spots, these
also large. AntennsB brownish, paler at base. Head densely punctate, clypeus
emarginate. Thorax rather more than twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, nar-
rowed in front, more distinctly so in the female, base distinctly sinuate each
side, the marginal line well marked, disc convex, closely finely punctured ; color
entirely piceous. Elytra parallel, disc very vaguely substriate at middle near
the base, the punctuation coarse and deep, closely, but not densely placed ; color
piceous brown, with the usual yellowish sinuous bands, which are often inter-
rupted. Epipleurfe pale. Body beneath brownish, paler than the upper surface,
sometimes almost entirely testaceous. Metasternum with distinct post mesocoxal
line. Abdomen closely punctulate, not densely pubescent. Legs entirely pale.
Length .12 inch. ; 3 mm. PI. 1, fig. 10.
Male. — Labrum more than twice as wide as long, with a slight broad emar-
gination at apex. Mandibles not prominent, front very slightly retuse. Thorax
more broadly arcuate than in the female, less narrowed in front.
Female. — Labrum and mandibles scarcely difiering from the male. Front not
retuse, clypeus more distinctly emarginate. Thorax very distinctly narrowed
in front.
Variations. — The only variation observed is in color, the markings
being sometimes continuous, often broken into spots. The under-
side varies from brown to yellow.
This species is very closely related to collaris in its small varieties,
and the two are difficult to separate by any absolute character. The
present is more robust and convex, the color above, especially the
thorax, in great part piceous brown, the elytra always with faint
traces of strite. In none of the specimens of collaris have I observed
the thorax approaching the dark color of the present species ; it is
at most pale brown with broadly paler sides.
Occurs in Burnet County, Texas, from Mr. E. A. Schwarz ; also
in the Lake Superior region (cab. LeConte) and near Allegheny,
Pa. (Dr. Haujilton)
H. collaris Kies. — Oblong, moderately convex, fuscous or piceous, clothed
in the usual manner with brownish hair, sides of thorax pale, elytra with the
12 GEO. H. HORN, M. D,
usual sinuous bands and a juxta-scutellar basal spot yellow. Antennae brown,
tbe basal joints pale. Head piceous, densely punctulate. Thorax twice as wide
as long, sides arcuate, base arcuate, slightly oblique each side, the marginal line
distinct, disc moderately convex, densely punctulate, color piceous or brown,
the sides indefinitely paler. Elytra parallel, more or less substriate, densely
punctulate, color brown to piceous, the usual two sinuous bands more or less
interrupted and often indistinct, a recurrent lunule near the apex and a juxta-
scutellar spot. Epipleurse pale. Body beneath piceous, the side of the protho-
ras, tip of prosternum, sides and apex of abdomen indefinitely, yellow. Meta-
sternum with distinct mesocoxal line curved with the convexity anteriorly.
Abdomen densely finely punctulate. Legs entirely yellow. Length .10— .18
inch. ; 2.5—4.5 mm. PI. 1, figs. 7-8.
Male.— Lahr am broader than long, arcuately narrowed to apex and with a
slight emargination at middle. Mandibles moderately prominent, the teeth
small, at base ou outer side a prominent lobe which forms a more or less distinct
angulation at its front end. Front oblique, not retuse. Thorax as wide as the
elytra, slightly narrowed in front.
Female. — Labrum similar in form to the male, but not as narrow in front.
Mandibles more robust, the entire basal lobe arcuate, not forming a prominent
angle in front. Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, narrowed in front.
Variations. — The general color has already been referred to. In
the darker forms the sides of thorax are not completely bordered
with yellow. The elytra are often without any trace of striae and
atyaiu very plainly striate. The sinuous bands in their extent and
interruption vary here as in every other species.
Along the Gulf region from Florida to Texas, and even Arizona,
a form occurs which is nearly as small as pusillus, and without some
care would be mistaken for that. It is quite pale in color and the
sinuous bands are so extended as to leave but a small region along
the suture somewhat darker in color. The contrast between the
larger forms of coUaris and these small forms is so pronounced that
with limited material one would be justified in giving it a distinct
name, but with a series of one hundred and twenty specimens before
me with all gradations of size in color I feel satisfied that they are
all one variable species.
The form of coUaris is rather more slender than in the species of
its size. The only other species which has at the same time a juxta-
scutellar spot and the mesocoxal line is tristis, which has a broader
form, piceous tibire, and the mandibles have not in either sex a
prominent lobe on either side of base.
This species has a wide distribution. From Allegheny, Pa.
(Hamilton), Ohio (Dury), Illinois (Strumberg), Florida (Schwarz),
Texas (Schaupp), New Mexico (Wickham), Arizona (Morrison),
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 13
southern California (Xantus). The specimens from the southwestern
regions are generally larger.
H. fristis Mann.— Oblong, snbdepressed, piceous, rather sparsely clothed
with the usual short brownish pubescence, longer on the head and thorax, sides
of thorax indistinctly paler, more broadly in front, lateral margin entirely but
narrowly pale, the usual sinuous bands much broken into short longitudinal
lines, the juxta-scutellar spot forming a rather long stripe, on each side of this
one third from base a short stripe, more posteriorly a pair of lines the inner ob-
lique, the outer longitudinal, behind these two more, both slightly oblique,
sometimes united. Antennse piceous. Head piceous, densely punctulate. Thorax
rather more than twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, base arcuate, slightly ob-
lique each side, marginal line distinct, color piceous, with an indistinct yellow
border, wider in front. Elytra parallel, vaguely substriate, punctuation close,
variable in coarseness ; epipleura pale. Body beneath piceous, sides of prothorax
and abdomen narrowly, yellow. Metasternum with distinct mesocoxal line.
Abdomen closely punctulate. Femora and tarsi pale, tibiaj piceous. Length
.12— .18 inch. ; 3—4.5 mm. PI. 1, fig. 9.
l/a?e.— Labrum broader than long, arcuately narrowed to the tip, apex emar-
giuate at middle. Mandibles scarcely prominent, with scarcely evident basal
lobe on outer side. Front slightly retuse. Thorax as wide as the elytra, arcu-
ately narrowed to the front.
Female.— 'La.hrnm shorter and more obtuse in front than in male; mandibles
stouter. Front not retuse. Thorax a little narrower than the elytra and more
narrowed in front.
Variatiom.— For a species in which the bands are so much broken
as to lose almost all trace of their sinuous relationship, the markings
are remarkably perminent, becoming merely a little broader and
occasionally slightly confluent.
In the remarks on the differential characters of the preceding
species, those with which this might be confounded have been referred
to and need not be repeated here.
In distribution this species seems essentially northern. Massachu-
setts (Blanchard), New York, Philadelphia (Liebeck), Canada,
Wisconsin, Dacota, Nevada and Sitkha (Motschulsky).
H. pusillus Say.— Oblong, moderately convex, yellowish testaceous to
pale fuscous, either entirely uniform in color, or with a broad darker band
through the centre of the upperside, surface with short yellowish pubescence,
the margin slightly fimbriate. Antennae testaceous. Head fuscous, densely
punctulate. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides arcuate, base arcuate at middle,
distinctly sinuate each side with a distinct marginal line, disc convex, closely,
hut extremely minutely punctulate, color either entirely pale or with a broad
central space darker. Elytra parallel not substriate, closely but indistinctly
punctulate, color either uniform testaceous varying to a broad median space
darker in color, not reaching the apex. Epiplenrai pale. Body beneath a little
14 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
darker in color than above, abdomen closely but indistinctly punctulate. Meta-
stermira with mesocoxal line, which is, however, indistinct. Legs entirely pale.
Length .08— .10 inch. ; 2—2.5 mm. PI. 1, fig. 12.
Male. — Labrum broader than long, narrowed to apex, the tip entire. Mandi-
bles not prominent, but with a basal lobe prolonged from the inner side over the
base of labrum in front of the clypeus. Thorax as wide as the elytra, sides ar-
cuate, not narrowed in front.
i^ema/e.— Labrum similar to that of male, but broadly truncate at apex.
Mandibles without basal lobe. Thorax distinctly narrowed in front.
Variations. — Many specimens are entirely testaceous in color with
the head alone darker, these are luteohis Lee. and when sliglitly fer-
ruginous are typical of pusillus Say. By for the larger number
have the greater portion of the disc of thorax pale fuscous, the mar-
gins broadly pale and with an equally broad fuscous space on the
elytra not reaching the apex, these are limbatus Kies. Rarely the
darker space on the elytra is narrowed to a vitta on each elytron.
The only species with which this might be confused is coUaris,
in its very small form. The males are readily known. The fe-
males are difficult to separate in description, but it will be observed
that the markings of the elytra in collaris although indistinct, are
of the sinuous band type.
Occurs from Allegheny, Pa. (Hamilton), westwardly to Illinois,
thence to Texas, Arizona, southern California and northern Mexico.
H. auroinicans Kies. — Oblong, convex, more obtuse at the extremities
than usual, surface sparsely clothed with golden, short, scale like, recumbent
hairs, the margin not fimbriate, color piceous, sides and median stripe of thorax
pale, elytra with sides, two sinuous vittte and short subapical luuule yellow.
Antennte pale brown. Head piceous, densely punctulate. Thorax twice as wide
as long, sides feebly arcuate posteriorly, more strongly in front, base arcuate,
slightly oblique each side, the marginal line very distinct, hind angles more
defined than usual, surface rather more coarsely and less closely punctate than
usual in the genus; color piceous, the sides and a median stripe paler, these of
variable width. Elytra parallel, substriate, closely punctulate, color piceous,
the entire lateral margin narrowly yellow, two sinuous bands, the anterior very
oblique, the posterior more transverse, near apex a rudiment of a recurrent
lunule. EpipleuriB pale, an oblique elevated line near the base. Body beneath
piceous black, the prothorax in great part yellow, abdomen, in feebly mature
specimens, piceous the tip of the last segment and a spot on each side of the
two preceding yellow. Metasternum with distinct mesocoxal line. Stridulating
ridge of first ventral segment entire. Femora and tarsi rufotestaceous, tibiae
piceous. Length .12— .16 inch.; 3—4 mm. PI. 1, fig. 11.
Male. — Labrum transverse, narrowed in front, apex emarginato-truncate
Mandibles slightly prominent, the teeth small. Clypeus slightly emarginate,
front slightly retuse. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, slightly wider
than the elytra, sides suddenly arcuate at the front and abruptly narrowed to
the head.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 15
Female. — Labrum and mandibles shorter than in the male. Thorax twice as
wide as long, not wider than the elytra, sides regularly arcuately narrowing
from base to apex.
Variations. — The only variations are in col(n\ In one female the
thorax has no median pale stripe. The elytral bands are always
continuous, but vary in width. Changes in color from less maturity
can easily be accounted for.
An easily known species from the vestiture and the absence of
marginal cilise. On the intervals of the elytra there are distantly
placed longer and more prominent golden hairs. In glancing over
the species before me it seems hardly possible to mistake this species
for any other. It and gemmatus are remarkable in having an ele-
vated oblique line on the epipleurse near the base.
This species is remarkable in being the only one in our fauna in
which the stridulating ridge of the first ventral is entire. The ridge
begins in the usual manner at the outer front angle of the first seg-
ments curves obliquely backward toward the posterior border then
bends rather abruptly forward and. extends obliquely to the point of
articulation of the trochanter with the coxal angle.
Occurs from Canada through the Middle States to Texas and as
far west as Michigan, Wisconsin and Kansas.
Before concluding this paper it is proper to indicate the material
used:
The LeConte cabinet has been carefully studied on the occasion of
several visits. It contains the types of his own species besides those
of Melsheimer. In addition there are several which have been sent
by Schaum, and which formed part of the material used by Kiesen-
wetter, viz.: collaris, Ihnbatus, fatuus, mollinus, cuniculus and auromi-
cans.
Mr. H. Ulke, of Washington, with his usual kindness, has loaned
me his entire and very full series.
Mr. Samuel Henshaw has added for study several hundred from
all parts of the country.
Mr. E. A. Schwarz has also loaned interesting material and added
one new species to the list.
Mr. M. L. Linell a very useful series collected near N. Y. City.
Of the species studied H. Schtvarzi has been represented by thir-
teen specimens, the remaining species have been studied from more
than twenty-five examples, while in undatus, collaris, limhatus and
gemmatis, hundreds of each have been before me.
16 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
While in all parts of the coleopterous series an abundant series is
useful, in Heterocerus a very large series is absolutely necessary, and
the more specimens examined the greater the difficulty in defining
the species and the greater necessity for the use of judgment in
placing specimens. About half of the species are separable by
structural characters of a positive nature, while others, especially
coUaris and undatiis are extremely difficult to define.
HETEROCERUS Bosc.
H. gnatho Lee, New Species, 1863, p. 74.
labratus Lee, List Col. N. A. p. 35 ; labiatiis ( || ) Lee, New Species, 1863, p.
75, err. typ.
H. pallidas Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 199; edit. Lee. ii, p. 127.
H. ventralis Mels., Proc. Acad. ii. p. 98.
labiafus Kies., Revis. Linn. Ent. v, 1851, p. 282.
H. undatus Mels., Proc. Acad, ii, p. 98; Kies., loc. cit. p. 293.
var. cnniculus Kies., loc. cit. p. 283.
var. substriatus Kies., loc. cit p. 290.
miser Kies., loc. cit. p. 290.
var. mollinns Kies., loc. cit. p. 289.
fatuus Kies., loc. cit. p. 292.
H. g-emmatus u. sp. (idem LeConte in cab.)
H. brunneus Mels. Proc. Acad, ii, p. 91.
flavipes Lee, mss.
H. Schwarzi n. sp.
H. coUaris Kies., loc. cit. p. 292.
ornatidus and fuscipes Lee, mss.
vilis Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am. i, 2, p. 773.
H. tristis Mann., Bull. Mose 1853, iii, p. 218.
H. pusillus Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 200; edit. Lee ii, p. 128.
Umbatus Kies. Germ. Zeit. iv, 1843, p. 215, pi. 3, fig. 13.
luteolus Lee, New Species, p. 75.
americaniis Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am. i, 2, p. 772.
H. auroraicans Kies., loc. cit. p. 287.
Among the species described by Dr. Sharp, from Mexico, vehttinus should be
compared with gnatho Lee, and mexicamis with coUaris.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. — H. gnatho % Lee.
" 2.— H. pallidas % Say.
" 3. — H. ventralis % Mels.
" 4. — H. ventralis J var.
" 5. — H. gemmatus % Horn.
" 6.— H. undatus 9 Mels.
" 7. — H. collaris % Kies. The usual longer form from Arizona.
" 8. — H. collaris small variety.
" 9. — H. tristis 9 Mann.
" 10.— H. Schwarzi ? Horn.
" 11. — H. auromicans Kies.
" 12. — H. pusillus Say, var. Umbatus Kies.
" 13. — Head of gnatho % .
" 14. — " brunneus % .
" 15. — " gemmatus 'J, .
" 16. — " pusillus % .
" 17. — Mandible of pusillus % .
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 17
Notes on the species of Ol'HTHEBIlTS of Boreal Aiiiei-iea.
BY GEORGE H. HORN, M. D.
Our species of this genus have been described by Dr. LeConte
with the single exception of Holmbergi, a type of which is in the
collection at Cambridge. At the time of his i-eview of the genus all
my material was placed at his disposal and some of the tyi)es or
duplicate types are now in my collection, so that all the species with
one exception are now in my possession.
As the species ai'e all of rather small size it is not an easy matter
to describe the thoracic form and sculpture in such a manner as to
make the differences easily appreciated. It has, thei-efore, seemed
profitable to prepare sketches of them, so that with the aid of the
descriptions the various species may be determined by those who
possess them, without the necessity for refei'ence to standai'd series.
Since the publication of the table of our species by Dr. LeConte
(Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p, 378) an important review of the
European species has appeared from Mr. A. Kuwert (Deutsche
Zeitschr. 1887, p. 369). In this essay the seventy-eight species are
divided into sixteen subgenera.
In a study of our species in a comparison with those of Europe
it is possible, by allowing a little latitude to the subgenera, to admit
certain of our species, while a number might warrant the formation
of other subdivisions, but it seems to me unnecessary to burden our
nomenclature with names for generic groups which have not full
generic value.
The form and sculpture of the thorax give the readiest method of
separating the species ; these are supplemented by elytral differences
which are neither so well marked nor constant. In all the species
the thorax is narrowed at base, sometimes gradually with a slight
sinuation as in lineatus, or with a deep, more or less abrupt sinuation,
as in discretus. In every case there is a transparent side-margin ex-
tending sometimes from the apical angle to base, or merely from the
beginning of the sinuation to base. In one species, benefossus, the
border is extremely narrow and within the emargination. As a rule
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (3) JANUARY, 1890.
18 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
the deeper the siiuiation the wider the border, so that in those species
with the feeble sinuation the border is very narrow. The apical edge
has nearly always a pellucid border.
The sculpture of the disc of the thorax is important in the sepa-
tion of the species, and consists of impressed lines or fovese, which
are apparently merely a modification of the simpler forms observed
in Helophorus. There is, in the first place, the median impressed
line, which may be quite a deep channel or a feeble line. In sculptus
this line is practically obliterated, while in Hobnbergi it is very short.
Secondly, on each side of the median line are the discal fovese, Avhich
are more or less deep, and vary in form and size. These have a
tendency to revert to the simple lineate type of Helophorus, as may
be traced through paneticollis to sculptus and lineatus. Rarely these
discal fovese are entirely wanting, as in cribricoUis. External to the
discal are the lateral impressions, which are more or less oblique in
position and variable in dei)th, and in Icempennis existing as a mere
trace.
The elytral sculpture exhibits the usual variation of the striato-
punctate type, the stride varying in depth and the punctures in size,
depth and approximation.
The lateral margin of the elytra is slightly explanate, usually
from the humeri to the middle, or slightly beyond, but in benefossu-s
extending to the apex.
The species of Ochthebius at present known to me may be recog-
nized by the following table :
Lateral margin of elytra explanate from the humerus to apex.
( Cyrtochthebius )
Thorax deeply sinuate at posterior half, the transparent border very narrow;
all the donsal foveffi deep benerossiiiii.
Lateral margin explanate from humerus to middle or beyond, but never to apex. .2.
2. — Thorax abruptly siuuately narrowing from one-third or less posterior to the
apical angle, and with a pronounced angulation at middle of sinuation ;
transparent border broad (Odontochthebiusj 3.
Thorax abruptly sinuate from the middle, or deeply notched near the hind
angles; transparent border broad.
Thorax with well marked discal foveas (Trymochthebius) 4.
Thorax without discal fovese (Homalochthebius) 5.
Thorax gradually sinuately narrowed from apex to base; transparent border
narrow (Ochthebius) 6.
3.— Thorax with all the discal depressions well marked; elytra with stria" of
closely placed punctures; margin of pellucid border continuous.
foveicollis.
Thorax with very feeble discal impressions, the surface polished ; elytra
almost absolutely smooth ; pellucid margin sinuous. ..Itevipeiinis.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 19
4. — Sides of thorax behind the front angles straigiit, the transparent border be-
ginning at the front angles rectus.
Sides of thorax arcuate in front, the transparent border beginning at the
sinuation.
Disc of thorax coarsely punctured, the two discal fovese on each side
united by a deep gioove between them puiiclicollis.
Disc of thorax sparsely punctate, the discal fovese separated. .discref us.
Disc of thorax inipunctate, the discal fovea separated uititlus.
5. — Prothorax coarsely punctate, the lateral fovese deep and broad.
cribric'ollis.
6. — Median line of thorax distinct, extending two thirds the length of thorax..".
Median line of thorax extremely short or wanting 8.
7. — Discal fovese of thorax of the usual form, but at times shallow.
Discal fovese deep, the lateral shallow, transparent margin beginning near
the front angles iuterruptus.
Discal fovese feeble, the lateral deeper; transparent margin beginning
about one third from apical angles attritus.
Discal fovese of thorax forming fine sinuate lines, disc rather flat ; trans-
parent border very narrow, beginning at middle lineatus.
8. — Discal impressions of thorax forming a continuous line ; lateral fovese broad
and moderately deep sculptus.
Discal impressions very vague, the posterior pair only distinct, these forming
broad shallow depressions which are indefinitely confluent posteriorly ;
lateral fovese formed of indistinct sinuous depressions.
Holmbergi.
The various subgeneric divisions into which our species seem most
nearly to fall have been indicated in the preceding table, but with
the exception of Cyrtochthebius, Triimochthebins, and probably Ho-
malochthebius, the references are to be taken rather as parallels than
positive references. As already intimated the divisions are mere
tabular conveniences, and the advisability of attaching to them poly-
syllabic names seems doubtful.
O. benefossus Lee. — Piceous, surface slightly bronzed, legs pale. Thorax
rapidly, arcuately narrowing from slightly in front of middle, the notch thus
formed having a very narrow transparent border; apical margin sinuate at the
front angles; disc very convex at middle, the sides beyond the lateral fovese
rather flat; surface sparsely punctate; median sulcus rather broad and deep,
discal fovete deep, separated, lateral impressions deep, broader at each end,
usually entire, sometimes separated into two elongate triangular fovea. Elytral
margin distinctly explanate from base to apex, disc convex, strise not impressed,
composed of moderately large punctures, separated by their own diameters.
Length .06 inch. ; 1.5 mm. PI. ii, fig. 1.
In this species the labrura is feebly triangularly notched at middle.
The specimens from which Dr. LeConte described the species were
part of my collection, and were the (mly ones with the deeply sinuate
sides of the thorax in which the transparent border seemed absent,
20 GEO. IT. HORN, M. D.
it was therefore natural that he supposed this structure to be acci-
dental, and that the entire notch, in well preserved specimens, was
filled with the membrane. Since that time other specimens have
been taken by JMi'- C. H. Robei'ts, in Bennington County, Vermont
and all show the narrow border as illustrated.
Occurs in northern New Jersey ( Jiilich) and Vermont (Roberts).
O. foveicollix Lee. — Piceous, surface distinctly feiieous, leg.s pale. Thorax
rapidly, arciiately narrowed from a point one fourth from apex, beliind the
middle, a second sinuation, the transparent l)order broad, gradually arcuate;
apical margin with rather a deep sinuation within the angle ; disc regularly,
moderately convex, the surface smooth, with very few punctures; median line
deep and long, discal fovese moderately deep and well separated, lateral impres-
sions large f nd deep. Elytra moderately elongate, the margin narrowly ex-
planate a little beyond the middle, disc moderately convex with striie, of closely
placed, but with very coarse punctures, intervals at middle narrower than the
strise, the external wider. Length .04 — .06 inch. ; 1.2 — 2.5 mm. PI. ii, fig. 2.
There is an extremely feeble emargination of the margin of the
labrum. Having typical specimens before me of foveicollis and tu-
berculatus, I have not been able to find any special difference, except
that the specimens of the former are smaller in size.
Two individuals from Pennsylvania have the elytra rather more
oval, the punctures of the stride a little less crowded ; they may prove
a distinct species, but are not really more different than the limits of
difference observed in several other species.
Occurs in New Mexico (Moqui Villages), Florida (Enterprise and
other places), Pennsylvania (Allegheny).
O. Ifevipeiinis Lee. — Dark castaneous, a slight bronze lustre on the head
and thorax. Apical margin of thorax rather deeply sinuate within the angles
sides deeply and abruptly sinuate less than one-fourth from apex, a second sinua-
tion from middle to base, the transparent border wide and distinctly bisinuate ;
disc regularly convex, smooth and shining, with scarcely a trace of a puncture,
median line deeply impressed and long, the discal and lateral impressions re-
duced to two small fovese on each side in front. Elytra rather broadly oval, the
lateral border rather abruptly explanate a short distance behind the humeri and
continuing two-thirds to apex, disc convex, surface smooth and shining with
merely faint traces of the strife of punctures. Body beneath colored as above
legs pale. Length .05 inch. ; 1.3 mm. PL ii, fig. 3.
This species is readily known by the very smooth surface and re-
duction in number and size of the thoracic discal im2:)ressions.
When the elytra are viewed directly from above, a short distance
from the humeri appears parallel on each side, caused by a subhu-
meral depression and the rather abrupt expansion of the margin
immediately posterior to it.
One specimen in my cabinet from California (Fort Tejon).
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 21
O. rectus Lee. — Oblong, rather depressed, piceous, dark bronzed, feebly
shilling, legs rnfo-testaceous. Apex of thorax nearly truncate, a very slight
sinuation within eacli front angle; side margin straight from angles beyond
the middle, then with a moderately deep arcuate sinuation, the transparent
border begins at the front angles with regularly arcuate margin, narrower in
front and broad at the sinuation ; disc regularly convex, the surface coarsely,
closely and deeply punctate, median line deep and nearly entire, discal fovefe
moderate, not sharply defined, but distinctly separated, lateral impression deep,
broader in front and narrowed posteriorly. Elytra oblong oval, not very convex,
the strife composed of large, deep, closely placed, subquadrate punctures, the
intervals extremely narrow. Length .06 — .08 inch. ; 1.5—2 mm. PI. ii, fig. 4.
This species is the only one in our faunii iu which the sides of the
thorax are straight for a distance from the apex, and in which, with
the deep post-median sinuation, there is a continuous transparent
border from the apex to the base. The punctuation of the thorax
is also coarser and denser than elsewhere seen, and the punctures of
the elytral strise larger, deeper, and every way more pronounced.
Occurs in California (Tejon and Los Angeles) and Wyoming
(Como).
O. piinctieollis Lee. — Form rather robust, head and thorax piceouslilack
shining, elytra piceous slightly bronzed, legs pale. Apical margin of thorax dis-
tinctly sinuate near the front angles, sides arcuately expanded from apex to
middle, thus abruptly arcuately narrowed to base, the transparent border wide
and filling the posterior emargiuatiou only; disc moderately convex, the punc-
tures moderately coarse, but not closely placed, the intervals smooth and shining ;
median groove deep and long, discal fovete deep, the two on each side united by
a moderately deep groove, lateral impressions deep and broad. Elytra moder-
ately convex, the strife composed of coarse, rather closely placed, subquadrate
punctures, the intervals about half the width of the strise. Length .06 — .08 inch. ;
1.5 — 2 mm. PL ii, flg. 5.
In some specimens the discal fovese are so completely confluent
that the sculpture approaches the type seen in Helophorus. The
general sculpture of the surface, although moderately coarse, does
not approach that seen in rectus, but resembles more nearly that of
discrehis.
Occurs in California (San Diego) and Arizona (Tucson and south-
ward).
O. discretus Lee. — Form oblong, piceous, surface brown bronze, feebly
shining; legs pale rufotestaceous. Apex of thorax slightly sinuate within each
front angle and narrowly bordered with membrane; sides arcuate in front, at
middle abruptly notched, the angle formed rathei- acute, the emargiuatiou deep ;
the tran.sparent border wide behind, extending very narrowly iu front of the
emargination. Disc moderately convex, the punctures coarse, moderately close,
but not dense, intervals shining; median groove rather broad and deep, discal
22 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
fovese rather large, deep and well separated, lateral grooves deep. Elytra very
little wider at base than the thorax, disc slightly depressed along the suture at
base, striae distinctly impressed, the punctures fine and close, intervals wider,
slightly convex and transversely wrinkled. Length .06 — .08 inch. ; 1.5 — 2 mm.
PI. ii, fig. 6.
This species varies a little in the punctuation of the thorax ; in
some specimens it might be called rather sparse, while in most of
them it is close, but not dense. It most closely resembles puncticollis,
but the separate discal foveae and the less dense punctuation will
distinguish them.
Since the publication of the description by LeConte, the distribu-
tion of this species is found to be very wide. It extends from Los '
Angeles, in California, to Arizona, and northward to Oregon, thence
eastward to Nevada, Utah, Colorado and Canada.
O. uitidus Lee. — Oblong oval, piceous, surface distinctly seneous, elytra
paler, legs testaceous. Thorax fully twice as wide as long, very little narrowed
posteriorly near the hind angles; apical border slightly sinuate within the
angles, and with a narrow transparent border; sides arcuately divergent from
the front angles to middle then abruptly, deeply emarginate to base, the emar-
ginatiou with a broad transparent border which does not extend to front angles ;
disc moderately convex, sparsely punctate shining, median groove mo<lerately
deep, discal foveae deep and well separated, lateral impression deep, moderately
broad, arcuate. Elytra very little broader than the thorax, strise not impressed,
composed of large, closely placed punctures, which become gradually more dis-
tant beyond the middle and at apex more obsolete, intervals near base narrower
than the striae, slightly transversely wrinkled. Length .07 inch. ; 1.75 mm.
PI. ii, fig. 7.
Among the species here referred to the section Trymochthebius,
this one may be known by the comparatively smooth thorax and by
the elytral sculpture. In fact no other species has the elytra so
nearly smooth at apex, excepting kevipennis, which differs in too
many other particulars to require comparison.
Evidently very widely distributed. The type is from Eagle Har-
bor, Lake Superior. Dr. LeConte adds, as a synonym, /ossa^us from
Fort Yuma, while my specimen is from Oregon.
O. cribricollis Lee. — Moderately robust, piceous, with brown bronze sur-
face lustre, sides of thorax and elytra paler, legs testaceous. Thorax twice as
wide as long, distinctly narrowed to base; apical margin feebly bisinuate and
with a very narrow transparent border; sides arcuate, and at basal third moder-
ately deeply emarginate, the notch filled with transparent membrane, which
extends a short distance along the base, but not to the apex ; disc feebly convex,
with coarse, deep, closely placed punctures, the intervals shining, median line
rather finely impressed, discal foveee entirely absent, lateral impression broad,
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 23
deep aud arcuate. Elytra a little wider tban the thorax, strise distinctly im-
pressed and rather broad, punctures coarse, deep and closely placed, but finer
near the apex, intervals narrower than the strife aud slightly transversely
wrinkled. Leugth .08 inch.; 2 mm. PI. ii, fig. 8.
This S{)ecies has the facies of discretus, but is readily known among
those in which the thorax is deeply emarginate near the hind angles,
by the entire absence of discal foveas.
Occurs at Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior (LeConte), and in my
cabinet from California.
O. iiiterrtiptus Lee. — Form moderately elongate, pale piceous, surface
distinctly aeneous. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, the apical margin
broadly, but not deeply emarginate, a slight emargiuation within the angles;
sides moderately deeply, but not abruptly sinuate behind the middle, the trans-
parent border beginning very near the front angles and continuing the gradual
curve of the sides ; disc regularly convex, the punctures moderately coarse, but
not close, median line moderately deep and long, discal foveje moderate in size,
deep and well separated, lateral impression deep and arcuate, a slight depression
in the hind angles. Elytra oblong oval, not wider at base than the thorax, striae
slightly imj.ressed at the sides, punctures moderate in size, subquadrate, closely
placed, intervals as wide as in the striae, slightly convex and nearly smooth, or
slightly transversely wrinkled. Legs pale. Length .08 inch.; 2 mm. PI. ii,
fig. 9.
This species is intermediate in many respects between the series
which precedes and those following, the thorax being rather more
deeply sinuate behind the middle than in the next four, but much
less so than in the preceding. The thoracic sculpture is not very
unlike that of attrltus, but deeper.
Occurs from the Peninsula of California northward to Vancouver,
eastward to Wyoming, also in Arizona.
O. atlritus Lee. — Moderately elongate, piceo-testaceous, surface distinctly
aeneous, legs pale. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, apex scarcely emai-
ginate, a slight sinuation within each apical angle, sides slightly arcuate in front,
a feeble sinuation beginning slightly in front of middle, the transparent border
narrow, continuing the curve of the anterior third; disc feebly convex, the
prolongation moderate, not close, median line distinctly impressed, discal foveae
shallow or nearly absent, lateral impression deeper and more coarsely punctured.
Elytra slightly wider at base than the thorax, striae scarcely impressed, punc-
tures moderately coarse, closely placed and subquadrate, the intervals slightly
narrower than the striae, feebly convex and transversely wrinkled. Length .06
inch. ; 1.5 mm. Pi. ii, fig. 10.
Under this name are included two species described by Dr. Le-
Conte from uniques, attritm and simplex, the only perceptible differ-
ence being in the degree of thoracic sculpture, the former having
the fovete faintly marked, while in the latter they are nearly obliter-
24 GEO. H. HORN, M. T).
ated. 'J'here is also a slight difference in size. Inasmuch as the va-
riation here shown is amply illustrated in species more abundantly
represented by specimens, and known to have no specific value, the
two species have been united.
Occurs in Florida, Haulover (Schwarz).
O. lineatus Lee. — Oblong, feebly convex, piceo-testaceous, surface faintly
bronzed, legs pale. Thorax not much wider than long, apex broadly, but feebly
emarginate; sides arcuate in front, slightly sinuate and narrowing to base, with
a very narrow transparent border. Disc feebly convex, surface granularly aluta-
ceous, not punctured, median line finely impressed, not long, sometimes very
vague, discal fovese replaced by impressed arcuate lines, a vague transverse de-
pression between the apex and base of these lines, lateral impressions shallow)
the inner side limited by an oblique line, sometimes a vague impression near the
hind angles. Elytra a little broader at base than the thorax, the strise faintly
impressed, punctures moderate and closely placed, intervals slightly convex, and
at middle narrower than the strife. Length .06 — .08 inch. ; 1.5— 2 mm. PI. ii,
fig. 11.
The thoracic sculpture of this species shows the most decided ap-
proach to the Helophorus type of any in our fauna. At the same
time it seems more nearly to represent the true Ochthebius, of Europe,
as defined by Kuwert.
Occurs in Oregon, California, Arizona, Colorado, Texas and New
Mexico.
O. SClilptllS Lee. — Piceous, shining, surface slightly green bronze. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long ; apex broadly emarginate, a slight sinuation within
the angles. Sides arcuate, a very slight and gradual sinuation beginning at
apical third, the transparent border correspondingly narrow. Disc regularly
convex, sparsely punctate, the intervals smooth, mediau line entirely obliterated,
discal fovese replaced by a slender line, lateral fossse broad but not deep, more
closely punctate, a slight fovea near the hiud angles. Elytra a little wider than
the thorax, strise not impressed, punctures moderate, subquadrate, not closely
placed, finer toward apex, intervals flat, broader than the strife, faintly wrinkled.
Length .06 inch. ; 1.5 mm. PI. ii, fig. 12.
This species is very distinct by the total obliteration of the median
line of the thorax. The discal fovese are replaced here, as in lineatus,
by an entire slender line, somewhat deeper posteriorly.
Occurs in California and Arizona. Dr. LeConte notes a specimen
in my cabinet from Canada, but it is not now before me.
O. Iloliiibergi Mann.— Piceous, faintly bronzed, moderately shining.
Thorax less than twice as wide as long, apex bi-oadly emar>iinale, without sinua-
tion near the angles. Sides arcuate in front, slightly sinuate toward the base,
the transparent border narrow, extending from the front angles and somewhat
wider behind. Disc moderately convex, sparsely punctate, median line short,
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. '!■)
feeble, tliscal fovese represented by vague, flat impressions, more or less distinctly
limited on the outer side by au impressed line, the two posterior fovese vague,
contiueutat the median line, lateral impressions broad and shallow. Elyira a
little broader at base than the thorax, the strife slightly impressed, punctures
not large, closely placed, intervals slightly convex, as wide as the striae at mid-
dle, or wider at the sides, distinctly wrinkled transversely. Length .06— .08
inch. ; 1.5 — 2 mm.
Ill tlie specimens from Canada the thoracic sculpture is extremely
vague, while in those from California there i.s quite a distinct line
defining the position of the foveae in the same position as in lineatus
or sculptus.
Occurs from southern California to Nevada, Colorado, Canada and
iVlaska.
The species of Ochthebius do not seem to have received much at-
tention on the part of the general collector. Whether this will ac-
count for the great inequality of distribution remains to be seen. In
looking over the localities given for the species it will be observed
that the very large majority of them are either from the Pacific coast
region, or from the extreme southwest, as Texas or Arizona. Al-
though collectors of great skill have explored these regions, it is
hardly likely that the numerous collectors of our Atlantic region
would have allowed them to escape notice. It may, therefore, be
j)ossible that but few S2:)ecies remain to be discovered in the eastern
regions.
In my own experience Ochthebius prefers clear running, shallow
water, in which localities they may be found adhering to the undei'-
side of stones, preferably those partly out of water, as they must at
times come to the surface for a fresh supply of air. Frequently they
are found in small colonies like the smaller Elmidpe, which they
much resemble in their habits. They are not so easily detected as
Elmidte, from the fact that their flatter form enables them to lie more
closely in contact with the surface of the stone, or hide themselves in
small crevices. They are beautifully sculptured insects when seen
with moderate magnifying power, and will well repay the trouble of
their collection.
From the fact that a certain number are known to have wide dis-
tribution, it is probable that careful collection will extend the distri-
bution of others. 0. discretus, for example, extends the entire length
of our west coast and eastward from Oregon to Canada; 0. foveicolUs
is known from New Mexico, Florida and Pennsylvania; 0. inter-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (4) .TANUAKY, 1890.
26
G. H. HORN, M. D.
ruptus is found from Arizona to Oregon. With these few words
further observation is left to the industrious collector, with the hope
that additional data in distribution will become known and thought
worthy of publication.
Bibliography and Synonymy.
OCHTHEBIUS Leach.
O. benefossus Lee, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 381.
O. foveicoUis Lee, loc. cit. p. 381.
tuhercnintus Lee, loc. cit. p. 380.
O. Isevipennis Lee, loc. cit, p. 381.
O. rectus Lee, loc. cit. p. 379.
O. puncticollis Lee, Aud. Lye v, p. 210; Proc. Acad. 185,5, p. 361; loc. cit.
supra p. 378 (table).
O. discretus Lee, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 379.
O. nitidus Lee, Agassiz Lake Superior, p. 217; Proc. Aruer. Philos. Soc. 1878,
p. 380.
fossatus Lee, Proc. Acad. 1855, p. 362.
O. cribricoUis Lee, Agassiz Lake Superior, p. 217; Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.
1878 (table).
O. interruptus Lee, Ann. Lye v, p. 210; Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p.
379 (table).
O. aitritus Lee, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 380.
simplex Lee, loc. cit.
O. lineatus Lee, Aun. Lye v, p. 211.
O. sculptus Lee, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 381.
O. Holmberg-i Mauu., Bull. Mose 1853, iii, p. 166; Lee, Inc., cit. p. 379 (table).
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE II.
Fig. 1.— Thorax of 0. benefossus.
" 2. — " 0. foveicoUis.
" 3. — " 0. Isevipennis.
" 4. — " 0. rectus.
" 5. — " 0. puncticollis.
" 6. — " 0. discretus.
" 7. — " 0. nitidus.
Fig. 8.— Thorax of 0.
cribricoUis.
9.- " 0.
interruptus
" 10.— " 0.
attritus.
'■ 11.— " 0.
lineatus.
" 12.— " 0.
scul^itus.
" 13.— " 0.
liolmbergi.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.
27
Notes on the species of Dendroctouus of Boreal America.
BY W. G. DIETZ, M. D.
A study of my material of this genus, chiefly undertaken for the
purpose of i)lacing some doubtful forms, has led to the discovery of
characters definite and easily recognizable, which thus far have been
overlooked. Further investigation, covering all the material and
representing all the species hitherto recognized, contained in the col-
lections of Dr. Horn, Mr. H. Ulke and Dr. J. Hamilton, has con-
firmed these and made the separation and identification of the species
at once positive and easy of attainment. The anterior margin of
the rostrum, which for convenience, I shall here designate as epis-
toma presents each side of the middle an incisure or cleft, which
divides this part into three segments. The middle segment is slightly
retracted and somewhat overlaps the lateral segments ; it varies so
in form, length and width, as to be almost characteristic of each
species, and when taken in connection with characters afforded by
the structure of the antenme, determines the exact limits of each
species. Without going into a minute description of the characters
spoken of, I deem it preferable to illustrate them by the accompa-
nying figures, which I hope will convey a more accurate idea than
description could do and which will be referred to in the following
pages.
Color is of no value whatever in distinguishing the species, and
even sculpture, of such great value in the differentiation of species
elsewhere, plays but a very subordinate part here. The hairy vesti-
ture, while fairly constant for each species, has only a relative value
difficult of expression.
Although sought for assiduously, I have failed to discover any
character positively indicating the sex. Generally speaking, the
% % are more slender and more shining, the thoracic punctures and
elytral asperities less pronounced and the latter sometimes replaced
by punctures on the declivity.
After these preliminary remarks I offer the following analytical
table for the identification of our species. It will be seen that D.
28 W. G. DIETZ, M. D.
pwidatm Lee. and D. brevicornis Lee. have been omitted, the first
cannot be separated from rujipennis Kby., while the seeond is identi-
cal with frontalis Zimm. Bnt one new species is added to the list.
I have omitted all references to bibliography and have simply
confined myself to such remarks as will enable the student to realize
the results aimed at in this paper.
Clava* subrhomboidal, third suture always distinct, remote from tbe apex.
Outer joints of fuuicle more distinctly widened, figs. 1 and 2.
Scape of antennae triangular, apical angles acute; second joint of funicle
longer than the first, fig. 1. Median segment of epistoma short, broad,
concave; shorter than the lateral ones; lateral edge obHque, ending
anteriorly in a smooth tubercle, fig. 1 a. Hairs of moderate length.
terebrans.
Scape clavate, apex rounded ; first and second joints of funicle of about equal
length, fig. 2. Median segment of epistoma longer and narrower than
in terebrans, scarcely concave, as long as the lateral segments, fig. 2 a.
Rostrum more or less distinctly carinate. Hairs long.. ..riifipenilis.
Clava transversely oval; first and second suture distinct, third subapical or in-
distinct; funicle with the outer joints less distinctly widened, scape
clavate, figs. 3-6.
Median segment of epistoma narrow, extending slightly beyond the lateral
segments; sides parallel, or nearly so, fig. 3 a. Club distinctly trans-
versely oval, sutures curved, fig. 3 similis.
Median segment rhomboidal, not extending beyond the lateral ones; sides ob-
lique, figs. 4 a and 5 a.
Median segment less strongly narrowed anteriorly, as long as the lateral
segments, not concave, fig. 4 a. Sutures of club straight, fig. 4. Front
convex, not channeled. Thorax strongly narrowed anteriorly. Hairs
conspicuous simplex.
Median segment strongly narrowed from the base, scarcely as long as the
lateral ones and more or less concave, fig. 5 a. Sutures of club curved,
figs. 5 and 6. Front channeled. Thorax feebly narrowed anteriorly,
finely punctured.
Larger; second joint of funicle longer than first, fig. 5. Hairs long, dis-
tinct approxiuiatus n. sp.
Smaller; second joint of funicle not longer than first, fig. 6. Hairs in-
conspicuous frontalis.
■■ Normally, the club is simply compressed, not concave on its anterior face, as
spoken of by Dr. LeConte in reference to several species. The concavity when
existing is due to shrinkage; any reference to sutures, etc., ajiplies only to the
normal structures, as the shrinkage gives rise to irregularity.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 29
D. terebrans 01.
Very variable ; what may be considered as typical specimens
have the front strongly granulate-punctate; occiput densely and
J, J obviously punctured ; thorax equally so, punc-
tures coarser ; median thoracic line entire, sub-
carinate ; thorax at base strongly bisinuate;
elyti-al punctures distinct, transverse, closely
a. placed ; interstices rough in their whole extent ;
color reddish brown. Length 5.2 — 8.5 mm. ;
.20— .34 inch.
Eastern States, California, Washington.
The following variations may be recognized :
a. — More coarsely punctured, shining ; asperities of elytra form-
ing more or less distinct, transverse rugte, especially toward the
base. Elytral puncture indistinct. Represented by a large pitchy
black specimen from Maryland in Mr. Ulke's collection.
h. — Concavity of middle of epistoma somewhat extended upon the
front, where it ends in a curved, but obscure ridge; generally more
shining and less densely punctured. Punctures and asperities less
pronounced. Smooth thoracic line more or less interrupted. Color
as in the type, rai-ely darker. The bisinuation at base of thorax is
less strong.
Washington, California, Colorado, Arizona, Idaho.
c. — Front with a central impression ; occiput convex, very finely
punctured. Thorax more finely punctured, basal bisinuation feeble,
elytral punctures sharply defined, asperities less so.
New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, California.
rf.— Front convex, feebly roughened ; occiput very finely and re-
motely punctulate. Base of thorax scarcely bisinuate; in fact,
viewed from above, it appears strongly emarginate. Elytral punc-
tures smaller and much less evident than in the preceding variety.
Three specimens, a little below average size, were taken by me in
Schuylkill County some years ago.
The characters given in the table make the identification of this
species at once easy and certain.
D. rufipeiiniiif Kirby.
The most variable species. The simply clavate scape and form
30 W. G. DIETZ, M. D.
of epistoma distinguish it from terebrans, with which it agrees in
the formation of the club, which at the same
time distinguishes this species from all the
following. The rostral carina is strongly
developed in some specimens, entirely obso-
lete in others. The thoracic punctures vary
greatly in size and density in difierent
specimens, and are always of varying size in
the same. The smooth thoracic line varies from being scarcely
noticeable to a strong carina. The asperities of the elytra are
feebly developed or else entirely replaced by punctures on the de-
clivity. In the latter case thestrise are very feebly impressed and the
surface more shining {% %). Length 5 — 7-5 nun. ; .20 — .30 inch.
Specimens are before me from Alaska, Canada, New Brunswick,
Colorado, Utah, Florida (Pennsylvania D pmictatus).
I am unable to separate D. pundatus Lee. from the j^resent species.
A sj)eciraen in Dr. Horn's collection is conspicuously clothed with
long grayish white hair, the color in all other specimens before me
being yellow.
Very closely related to the present is the European species D.
inicans Kug., with which it agrees in the formation of epistoma and
antennae, except that in the latter the second joint of funicle is lon-
ger than the first. Save for the latter character, specimens in my
collection could not be distinguished from several sj^ecimens from
Sitkha in Mr. Dike's collection. In my specimens, however, the
front is strongly punctured, not granulate, and the thoracic punc-
tures generally coarser than in any specimen of rvfipes before me.
I add these characters as it is not unlikely that D. micans may yet
be found within our faunal limits, and thereby enable it to become
recognized.
D. siniilis Lee.
Readily distinguished by the formation of the epistoma. The
median segment projects slightly beyond the lateral segments, the
sides are straight or nearly so, and con-
■^"i' /TTs tinned to the front; the surface is more
or less convex and roughened. The
lateral spaces are concave; the club is
transverse, and in the majority of speci-
mens before me, appears slightly emar-
ginate at tip. The head has tw^o median
longitudinal impressions, often connected by an impressed line.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 31
Thorax densely and finely punctured and strongly narrowed ante-
riorly. Elytral declivity roughened. Hairs long. Length 6 mm. ;
.24 inch.
Oregon, California, Colorado, Canada.
Two specimens in my collection from Sylvania, Cala., have the
elytral declivity very slightly asperate and the hairs much shorter.
D. simplex Lee.
Resembles the last species in general form and also somewhat
in the formation of the epistoraa. The median segment, however,
never extends beyond the lateral segments and
the sides are always oblique; the surface is
rather convex and roughened. Head convex,
wnth one or two longitudinal impressions,
a Sutures of club transverse. Thorax rather
^ ^ \ coarsely punctured. Length 5.0 — 6.2 mm. ;
.20 — .25 mm.
Michigan, Colorado, Lake Superior, California.
Seven specimens before me present scarcely any variation. This
species is readily distinguished from the preceding ones by its much
smaller size and from the two following by its strongly narrowed
thorax.
D. approximatus n. sp.
Elongate cylindrical, rather shining and thinly clothed with
moderately long, yellow hairs. Head broad ; front coarsely granu-
late, channeled. Antennae, second joint
of funicle longer than the first; club
large, sutures curved ; middle segment of
epistoma shorter than the lateral seg-
ments, sides strongly oblique; surface
concave. Thorax about one-half wider
than long, slightly narrowed anteriorly ;
shining, punctures moderate, not closely
placed- smooth median line indistinct; a strong transverse im-
pression about one-fourth from the anterior margin ; base strongly
bisinuate. Elytral striae moderately impressed, punctures con-
fused, interstices asperate. Hairs more conspicuous on the de-
clivity. Length 5—6 mm. ; .20 — .24 inch.
Four specimens, two % I and two $ $ from New Mexico and
Colorado in Dr. Horn's collection are before me. But for its large
32 W. G. DIETZ, M. D.
size, this species might readily be taken for frontalis, with which it
agrees in the large head, form of epistoma and structure of antennal
club, but easily distinguished by the greater length of second joint
of funicle and greater length and more conspicuous hairs. The
thoracic punctures are also a trifle coarser than in that species.
D. frontalis Zimm., D. brevicoriiis Lee, Proc Amer. Philos. Soc. xv,
386.
After careful examination of typical specimens of each, no
doubt of their identity is left in my
mind. The structure of the epistoma
and the antennie is alike. In some
% % the very short hairs on the elytra
jii, , ' — 1^ are intermixed with a few, scattered,
/^>^ x^''\^ a longer ones. With the exception of
\ two specimens from New Mexico and
California the front is channeled in all ; the frontal tubercles are
variable in development. The sutures of the club are curved.
Length 2.75 — 4.0 mm. ; .11 — .16 inch.
California, Arizona, Maryland.
Easily recognized by its small size. The resemblance to approxi-
matus has been referred to under that species.
In conclusion I desire to call the attention of collectors to the
necessity of collecting observations and data in the life-history of
the ScolytidiE. Especially as to the time of their appearance, and
to the collecting of specimens of bark demonstrating the larval
passages from the time the larva leaves the ovum until it reaches
the pupal stage. The necessity of this will be evident to all who
coutemplate the future of our North American forests.
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 88
JVoteii on some North Aiiieriean ODONATA with descrip-
tions of three new species.
BY PHILIP P. CALVERT.
(lu the following paper I have followed the generic divisions of
Dr. Hagen's "Synopsis of the Odonata of N. America," 1875, in
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xviii, pp. 20-96.)
Epitheca Wnlshii Scudder.
In 1875, Dr. Hagen recorded this species as only from the White
Mountains of New Hampshire. Miss Mattie Wadsworth t(jok a
single male of this species at Manchester, Kennebec Co., Maine, on
July 16, 1888. Thanks to the kindness of Miss Wadsworth, I have
compared this male with Mr. Scudder's original description (Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, x, p. 217) ; the only differences which I noted
were that this male has no yellowish spot on the side at base of the
fourth abdominal segment, and has a yellow spot on each side of the
sixth and seventh segments at apex.
Mr. William Sheraton took a female, which I believe belongs to
this species, at Pictou, Nova Scotia, July 23, 1889. The female
Walshli has not hitherto been described. This female differs from
the male as follows :
9- — Nasus more yellowish. Anterior femora entirely brown, except at tlie
apex. Abdomen with a yellow spot on each side of segments 4 and 8 at base,
but no yellow spot on each side of 6 and 7 at apex ; dorsum of 10 entirely black.
Abdomen shaped as in the % , but a little wider at the base, not so narrow at the
third segment, and the apex of fifth is not quite as wide as the first segment.
Appendages twice as long as the last two segments, simple, straight, subcylin-
drical, narrower at the base, clothed with short hairs, apex acute. Vulvar lamina
erect, excavated within, apex rounded, entire.
Total length 48 mm. Abdomen (incl. app.) 36 mm. Appendages 4 mm. An-
terior wing 33 mm. Posterior 32 mm. Pterostigma 3 mm. ; 8 antecubitals on
the anteriors, ?> on posteriors. Postcubitals, auteriors E 6, L 5, posteriors 6 ; 3
discoidal areolets, then 2 rows on anteriors; 2 rows, then 3 rows, on posteriors.
Discoidal triangles of all four wings crossed by one vein.
The 9 Wakhii is much like the $ forcipata Scud., specimens of
which I have not seen. Baron de Selys (Syn. Cordul. 1871) de-
scribes the 9 forcipata as having the " abdomen ei)ais a la base, non
etrangle, ecaille vulvaire . . parais.sant un pen emarginee
au milieu," Avhich, in addition to the color differences, apparently
separate it from 9 Walshli In his Second Addit. Syn. Cordul.,
1878, Baron de Selys places Walshli in that group of his subgenu.-<
Somatoehlora characterized by the females having the " ecaille vul-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (5) .lANUARY, 1890.
34 PHILIP p. CALVERT.
vaire, mediocre, eraarginee ou fendue." In his list of species of
Cordulina, appended to the Second Additions, he indicates that he
has seen only the male Walsh'd. He has, therefore, probably placed
Walshii in that group for reasons based on the relations of the male
to the males of other species of Somatochlora.
liibellula iiicesta Hagen.
Miss Wadsworth has sent me three males and three females of
this species from Manchester, Kennebec Co., Maine, taken June 18,
19, 25, July 9, 16, 1889. The males agree with Dr. Hagen's de-
scription (Syn. of 1861, p. 155). The female has not been described.
A description of my specimens follows :
9 . — Frous deeply grooved above, brown, ligliter on the sides. Nasus brown,
yellowish on sides. Ehinarium brown. L ibrura yellowish, brown at the middle
of the base. Labium, labial palpi yellowish. Vertex truncate at apex, dark
brown with a yellow spot above posteriorly. Occiput dark brown, with a divided
yellow spot behind. Rear of eyes dark brown, with two yellow spots.
Anterior lobe of prothorax brown, with a median, dorsal yellow spot ; poste-
rior lobe yellowish, entire.
Dorsum of thorax dark reddish brown, with a median yellow stripe. Sides
light yellow, dark brown at bases of wings and of feet, a short brownish line on
the second lateral suture. Pectus yellowish.
Feet black ; trochanters and coxae yellowish, also the anterior femora inferiorly.
Abdomen yellowish. Dorsum of 1 brownish. A dark brown median dorsal
stripe on 2-9. Dorsum of 10 obscure yellowish. A brown stripe on the sides of
1, 2, and the apical half of 3. Abdomen beneath obscure yellowish.
Appendages longer than the 10th segment, simple, straight, apex acute.
Vulvar lamina erect, but short; its outline, viewed directly from below, is
almost semicircular.
Wings hyaline; a brownish basal streak on all the wings, between the sub-
costal and median nervules, hardly extending to the first antecubital ;■■■ the
nodus surrounded by a brownish tinge, and the apex edged with brownish.
Pterostigma very dark brown, surmounting parts of 5-6 cellules. Antecubitals,
16-17 on anteriors, 12-14 on posteriors. Postcubitals 11-13 on anteriors, 13-14
on posteriors ; 4. then 3 rows of discoidal areolets on anteriors ; 3, then 2 rows
ou posteriors. Discoidal triangle of anteriors usually crossed by two veins, of
posteriors crossed by one vein. Internal triangle of anteriors of 4 cellules, not
always formed in the same manner. No internal triangle on j)osteriors. One
hypertrigonal on anteriors, placed over the discoidal triangle. No hypertrigonals
on posteriors (a trace of one exists in one wing of one specimen). One basal
postcostal cross-vein, usually, but not always, placed nearer the base than the
first antecubital.
Total length 50-51 mm. Abdomen 33-34 mm. Anterior wing 40 mm. Poste-
rior 39 mm.
■■ In one of my three specimens the basal streak extends to the third ante-
cubital on the anteriors, to the second antecubital on posteriors.
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 35
My three specimens are of different ages ; in the oldest individual
the colors are darker, often pruinose, the yellowish colors on the
head become brownish, the yellow on the sides of the thorax is more
restricted.
A hitherto unrecorded locality for this species is New Jersey,
where Mr. S. F. Aaron has taken males on July 21st (Araer. Ent.
Soc. collection).
Lieptlieniis gravida (Hagen mss.) u. sp.
% .—Vertex prominent, dark metallic blue (brownish in younger individuals),
truncated and slightly grooved at summit. Frons dark metallic blue (or brown-
ish), sometimes with a brownish spot each side above, with a median groove
above. Nasus yellowish, brownish or bluish in the middle. Rhinarium yellow-
ish or brownish. Labrum dark metallic blue. True labium black. Labial
palpi yellow, internal margin broaclly edged with black. Mandibles black, with
a yellow spot at base. Occiput dark brown. Eear of eyes black, with two
yellow spots (obscure in older individuals).
Prothorax pruinose, anterior lobe with its anterior margin edged with yellow,
posterior lobe broad, bilobed.
Thorax reddish brown (pruinose in older individuals) : a more or less distinct
transverse black band at anterior margin, some blackish marks near the bases of
the feet.
Feet black, or dark brown.
Abdomen bright yellowish, or reddish brown, dorsum of segment 2 sometimes
blackish at apex ; 3 with a small black spot on each side of the dorsum at apex,
or as in 4-9; 4-9 with a dorsal median black band, dilated at the apex and some-
times at the base of each segment; on 9 the reddish brown is reduced to a small
spot each side ; dorsum of 10 with a small blackish spot at base. Abdomen be-
neath light brownish, most of the segments with a blackish streak each side.
In older individuals the abdomen is mostly pruinose, except the last segment.
The abdomen is compressed at base, slightly narrower at 3, becoming a little
wider at 6, thence decreasing slightly to the apex.
Genitalia of second segment as follows: Anterier lamina stout, deeply bifid,
its apices projecting further downwards than any other part, and armed with
short spines Hamule small, simple, curved ; apex acute, black, directed out-
wards. Genital lobe short, projecting downwards as far as the hamule projects,
or a little farther, rounded at the apex, which is broader than at the base.
Superior appendages a little shorter than the last two segments, brownish, with
short hairs. Viewed from above, they are approximately parallel ; each appen-
dage is constricted after the base, and gradually becomes thicker towards the
apex, especially on the internal side; apex obtuse, rounded, bearing a minute
terminal spine.
Viewed from the side (see PI. V, fig. 11), each appendage curves downwards
from its base, becoming thicker towards the apex; the inferior margin at a little
more than midway from the base bears a rather prominent tooth, and, on the
basal side of this tooth, 7 to 10 denticles.
Inferior appendage extends a short distance beyond the tooth of the .superiors.
Viewed from below (PI. V, figs. 12, 13), its lateral margins are .seen to converge
36 PHILIP p. CALVERT.
slightly from base to apex, which is broad, aud excised from side to side; in the
middle of this excision there is usually a small tubercle, sometimes wanting.
Viewed from the side (fig. llj the appendage is dilated a little before the apex,
which is slightly curved upwards.
Wings hyaline, veins brownish ; a very slight reddish brown tinge at base, apex
edged with brown, and a reddish brown cloud extending from the nodus, or a
little before it, half way or more to the pterostigma, aud from the costal margin
half way or more across the wing. In the younger individuals this cloud is
light yellow, sometimes almost absent. Pterostigma long, bright yellow, sur-
mounting one or two cellules. Membranule small, dusky ; 10-13 antecubitals on
anteriors, 7-8 on posteriors; 9-12 postcubitals. Usually three rows of discoidal
areolets on anteriors, two rows on posteriors. Discoidal triangle of anteriors
crossed by a single vein,* of posteriors free. Internal triangle of anteriors of
three cellules. No internal triangle on posteriors. No hypertrigonals.f One
basal postcostal cross-vein, placed nearer the base than the first antecubital.
9 • — Differs from tlie % as follows :
Vertex generally with a yellow spot above. Labium and labial palpi some-
times almost entirely light brown. A yellow spot on each side of the frons
aliove. Occiput often yellowish. Sometimes a short dark brown mark ou the
lateral sutures of the thorax. Appendages brown, as long as the last two seg-
ments, simple, straight, apex moderately acute; tubercle between them at their
bases, prominent, yellow. Vulvar lamina slightly notched in the middle. In .some
young females, the cloud on the middle of the wings is ouly distinctly represented
by a yellowish costal streak, extending from the fifth or sixth antecubital to the
seventh or eighth postcubital. (The same differences of color exist in females of
different ages as in the males).
Measurements (in millimeters) :
I 9
Total length 46-53 46—56
Abdomen (incl.app.) 32—37 33—40
Appendages 2.25—2.5 2.5—3.25
Anterior wing 37—42 36—44.5
Posterior wing 35.5—39.5 35—42
Pterostigma 4 — 4.5 4 — 5
The above descrij)tion is based on eleven males, ten females from
Florida, and four males, ten females from Texas. Mr. E. M. Aaron
tells me that he has taken this species at Tarpon Springs and Ponto
Rasso, on the Gulf coast of Florida, and that the Texan s])eciniens
just referred to were taken by Mr. S. F. Aaron near Corpus Christi
and the Nueces Rivei-.
L.eucorliiiiia llag;eiii n. sp.
% ■ — Vertex metallic black, with a yellowish spot above. Frons, epistoma and
labrum cream-white. Frons with a median groove above, and a transverse black
* In one wing only of two individuals there were two cross-veins.
■ t One 9 h***! o'lt" hypertrigonal in both anteriors.
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 37
stripe in front of the eyes, extending also on the sides of the frous. liabium
and labial palpi black, the external margin of the latter edged with brown.
Occiput yellowish brown, darker on the sides. Eyes behind black, with a single
yellowish spot.
Prothorax blackish, with a dorsal median yellowish spot on both lobes.
Dorsum of thorax reddish brown, with long, light-colored hairs; a broad,
black, median band, which barely attains the summit of the mesotlioracic crest,
and a humeral black stripe. Sides brownish, with two broad, oblique, black
bands, one in front, the other behind the spiracle. Pectus blackish varied with
yellowish.
Feet black.
Abdomen black ; dorsum of 3-7 with an elongated, median, dorsal yellow
spot ; 2 mostly yellow, a black spot each side at base; the dorsal yellow spot of
3 extends to the sides at base.
Genitalia: viewed from the side (PI. V, fig. 3) the internal branch (a) of the
hamule is rather slender, moderately curved, apex acute ; external branch bifid.
Viewed ventrally (fig. 4 , the bifid portion of the external branch is seen to have
one of its divisions (c) short, straight and directed outwards and upwards,®
while the other division (6) is longer and curved inwards and downwards to-
wards its fellow of the opposite side, and has a more acute apex. Genital lobe
moderate, hairy at apex.
Superior appendages black, not qnite as long as the last two segments ; viewed
from above, each appendage is straight, narrow at the base, becoming somewhat
dilated towards the apex, which is acute. Viewed from the side, each forms a
convex curve with the convexity upwards, becoming slightly and gradually
dilated from a little after the base to the apex, which is obliquely truncated, so
that the truncating line forms an obtuse angle with the inferior margin and an
acute angle with the superior margin ; inferior margin bears 8 or 9 denticles.
Inferior appendage not as long as the inferior margin of superiors. Viewed
from the side, it forms a concave curve with the concavity upwards, apex slightly
recurved. Viewed from below (fig. 2), it is broad, lateral margins straight, almost
parallel, apex broad, excised from side to side.
Wings hyaline. Anteriors with two dark brown basal streaks, the first be-
tween the subcostal and median nervules, the second between the submedian
and postcostal nervules; both extend from the base to about one half the dis-
tance to the first antecubital. Posteriors with a dark brown basal streak between
the subcostal and median nervules as far as the first antecubital ; and a dark
brown basal spot, whose anterior margin is the submedian nervule, along which
it extends to a short distance beyond the basal postpostal cross-vein, whence its
external margin runs obliquely to the apex of the membranule. Costa of all the
wings yellowish (except at the base, and superior margin of pterostigma), espe-
cially for a short distance beyond the pterostigma. Pterostigma dark brown,
with a yellow vein at each end, surmounting one and parts of two other cellules.
Membranule dusky; 7 antecubitals on anteriors, 6 on posteriors; 7 postcubitals.
Two rows of discoidal areolets on anteriors, irregular on posteriors. All discoidal
triangles and the internal triangle of anteriors free. No internal triangle on
posteriors; no hypertrigonals. One basal postcostal cross-vein placed nearer the
base than the first antecubital.
That is, upwards with respect to the position of the insect when alive.
38 PHILIP p. CALVERT.
9 . — Differs from the male as follows :
Frous, epistoma aud labrum brownish. Labial palpi with a distinct light-
colored spot at the anterior outer angle (there is an obscure trace of such a spot
in the % ). Dorsum of thorax brown, with no reddish tinge; median band ob-
scure, no humeral band. Sides of 4th and 5th abdominal segments with a yellow
spot at base. Appendages longer than segment 10, hardly as long as 9, simple,
cylindrical, straight, apex acute. Vulvar lamina (PI. V, fig. 10) bifid, internal
margins of the lobes almost touching each other, apices rounded, hardly reaching
to one half the length of the 9th segment. Basal streaks of anterior wings
reaching to the 1st antecubital, with clearer yellowish spots. Basal streak of
posteriors a little longer; basal spot with small yellow spots aud veined with
yellow. Pterostigma longer; 6 postcubitals on anteriors. Discoidal triangle of
anteriors crossed by one vein. One cross-vein in the internal triangle of left
anterior.
Total length, %, 29.5 mm. ; 9 29 mm. Abdomen (incl. app.) 20 mm. Ante-
rior wing 22 mm. Posterior 21 mm. Pterostigma % 1.5 mm. 9 ~ nmi-
The above description is based on one male, one female from
Pictou, Nova Scotia, taken June 25, 1889, by Mr. Wm. Sheraton.
I suppose this species to be one of the three — borealis, frigida and
glacialis — named, but not described, by Dr. Hagen in 1875. As I
am unable to determine which of these three names belongs to this
species, I have preferred to avoid any possible confusion arising from
a use of one of them. I name this species after Dr. H. A. Hagen,
whose kind aid to me, at various times, I thus acknowledge. With
his assent I have published the three new species of this paper.
L<eiieorliiiiia proxima (Hagen mss.) n. sp. Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist, xviii, p. 79, 1875 (no description).
% . — Vertex black. Frons and epistoma greenish white. Frons with the usual
median groove above, and a transverse black band in front of the eyes, extend-
ing also on the sides of the frons. Labrum cream-yellow. Labium black ; labial
palpi varying from yellowish with the inner edge margined with black, to en-
tirely black. Occiput black above, a brownish spot behind. Rear of eyes black.
Thorax reddish brown, with light-colored hairs; dorsum with a very broad
median blackish band, not reaching upwards to the wing-bases, and a blackish
humeral stripe. At times the black extends over almost the entire dorsum. A
black stripe on the second lateral suture; an irregular black band runs from the
2d to 1st lateral suture above the spiracle. Pectus reddish brown, sometimes
marked with blackish.
Feet black, coxse partly reddish brown.
Abdomen black ; segments 2 and 3 mostly yellowish on the sides, and pruinose
on the dorsum ; 2 with a blackish spot each side at base, and sometimes blackish
at apex; apex of 3 blackish, especially on the sides. Abdomen sometimes prui-
nose underneath.
Genitalia: viewed from the side the internal branch of the genital hamule is
shorter aud more strongly curved than in Hageni, and the external branch does
not appear bifid (PI. V, fig. 5j. Viewed ventrally (fig. 6), the two divisions of
the external branch in Hageni are represented ; the one (c) is similarly directed,
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 39
but is much shorter than in Hageni ; wliile the other (6), incurved towards its
fellow of the opposite side, is hardly as long as (c,) and much shorter than its
honiologue in Hageni. Genital lobe moderate, apex hairy.
Superior appendages longer than the 10th segment, black. Viewed from above,
they converge slightly from the base to about half their length, after which
they slightly diverge ; each appendage becomes thicker towards the apex, espe-
cially on the inner side, and ends in an acute point. Viewed from the side, each
appendage is nearly straight, or slightly curved upwards at the middle; the
thickness of the appendage at the base is somewhat less than at the apex, which
is formed as in Hageni; the inferior margin bears six to eight denticles.
The inferior appendage as in Hageni, but viewed from the side, the concavity
of its curve is not so pronounced.
Wings hyaline. Anteriors with two very short dark brown basal streaks, one
between the subcostal and median nervules, the other between the submedian
and postcostal nervules; the first of these two extends hardly one-fourth of the
distance to the first antecubital, the second is slightly longer. Posteriors with a
very short dark brown basal streak between the subcostal and median nervules,
extending one third the distance (or a little more) to the 1st antecubital ; and a
dark brown basal spot as in Hageni. Costa and pterostigma as in Hageni, but the
pterostigma has a brown vein at each end. Membranule dusky ; 6-8 antecu-
bitals on anteriors, 6 on posteriors, 7-11 postcubitals on anteriors, 8-9 on poste-
riors. Two or three rows of discoidal areolets Discoidal triangle of anteriors
crossed by a single vein, of posteriors free Internal triangle of anteriors of
three cellules (one wing of one specimen has two cellules). No internal triangle
on posteriors ; no hypertrigonals. One basal postco.stal cross- vein, placed
nearer the base than the 1st antecubital.
9 . — Unknown to me.
Measurements of the %. Total length .33-36 mm. Abdomen (iucl. app.)
22.5 — 24.5 mm. Superior appendages 1.5 mm. Anterior wing 25 — 27 mm. Pos-
terior 25 — 26 mm. Pterostigma 1.5 — 2 mm.
The above description is based on three males from Manchester,
Kennebec Co., Maine, taken July 10, 11, 16, 1888, by Miss Mattie
Wadsworth, and two males from Pictou, Nova Scotia, taken July
26, 1889, by Mr. Wm. Sheraton.
In 1875, Dr. Hagen gave the following localities for this species:
British America, Vancouver's Island, White Mountains and Massa-
chusetts.
The identity of my specimens with Dr. Hagen's species is estab-
lished by the fact that one of the males which I possess from Maine
was seen by Dr. Hagen, and has the label " proxima" in his hand-
writing, attached.
lieiicorliiiiia intacta Hagen.
Plate V, figs 1, 7, 8, 9, show the inferior appendage and the geni-
talia of the second abdominal segment of the male, and the vulvar
lamina of the female, for comparison with the similar parts of L.
Hageni and proxima.
40 PHILIP P. CALVERT.
I have examined eleven males of ?'/;iocfa from Maine, Pennsylvania
and South Dakota, in all of which I find that when the inferior ap-
pendage is viewed from below, its lateral margins diverge very per-
ceptibly from base to apex. In the males of Hageni and proxima
which I have seen, the lateral margins are approximately parallel.
The internal branch of the genital hamule in intacta varies to
some extent in different individuals, being sometimes more slender
than fig. 7 represents it.
In addition to the localities given for hdada by Dr. Hagen in
1875 (Massachusetts, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin and Ontario), I can
add Manchester, Kennebec Co., Maine, May 25th to July 4th (by
Miss M. Wadsworth) ; Volga, Brookings Co., South Dakota, June
27th (by Mr. P. C. Truman) ; Philadelphia, June 17th, and Bristol,
Pa., June 16th (by Mr. S. F. Aaron in Amer. Ent. Soc. collection).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Fig. 1. Inferior appendage of Leucorhhiia intacta % viewed from lielow.
" 2. The same of L. Hageni % .
3. Genitalia of L. Hageni % , viewed fi-om the side.
" 4. " " viewed from helow.
" 5. Genitalia of L. proxima % , viewed from tiie side.
" 6. " " viewed from helow.
" 7. Genitalia of L. intacta % viewed from the side.
" 8. " " viewed from below\
" 9. Vulvar lamina of L. intacta 9 •
" 10. Vulvar lamina of L. Hageni 9 •
" 11. Appendages of Lepfheniis gravida 'J, , viewed from the side.
" 12, 13. Two forms of inferior appendage of L. gravida % , viewed from helow.
a, Internal branch of genital hamule.
b, Internal division I „ ^ , , , ^ ., , ,
, ,. . . (01 external brancli or genital hamule.
c, Lxternal division )
d, Genital lobe.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 41
Descriptions of some new species of AGROTIS Auct.
BY JOHN B. SMITH.
Agrotis abnorinis sp. nov. — The general color is carneous gray, variably
shaded or suffused with a more reddish tint. Palpi brown at sides; a broad
blackish transverse band at base of collar. Primaries with basal line present,
geminate, black, dentate. T. a. line geminate brown or blackish, the inner line
faint, included space paler in dark specimens, concolorous in pale examples; up-
right, outwardly angulate below costa, in the submedian interspace, and again
below the internal vein. T. p. line single, or with the outer part of geminate
line indicated only by a dusky costal spot and a short dusky shade, its course
outcurved over, and very close to reniform, then very evenly parallel to outer
margin. S. t. line very slightly paler, outwardly angulated on veins 3 and 6,
emphasized by a distinct dusky preceding shade, which in pale specimens some-
times becomes the most prominent feature. A narrow, interrupted, dark terminal
line. Claviform very faintly indicated by a few dark scales. Orbicular well
sized, oval, oblique, sometimes not completely defined posteriorly, narrowly black
ringed, concolorous in pale specimens, paler in darker examples. Reniform nar-
rowly black ringed, of the gray ground color with a more leaden gray filling,
prominent inferiorly. Secondaries of the usual dirty gray-brown, somewhat
paler in the male, discal spot evident. Beneath powdery fuscous, paler in the
male, with distinct, though sometimes interrupted outer line and an evident
discal spot on all wings. Expands 1.37—1.50 inches; 34—37 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan).
The structural characters are : fore tibise armed, clypeus tubercu-
hite, antenntfi of male simple, ciliate; abdomen not depressed. The
present species is the only one under this catagory in which the
normal Noctuid maculation is present without longitudinal strigse,
and the species really seems at first sight allied to some of the tessel-
lata group. The genital structure is not, however, typical of that
group, the short branch of the clasper being absent. The simply
ciliate, scarcely serrate male antennse are unusual associates for the
other characters.
Several specimens; types with Mr. Edwards and in the college
collection.
Agrotis erratica sp. nov.— General color dull ashen gray to brick red,
smooth and dense in appeai-auce. Palpi dark at side. Head and thorax immacu-
late. Primaries very evenly clothed, the lines not much darker and not promi-
nently relieved. Basal line indistinct geminate. T. a. line geminate, the lines
very narrow, faint, outwardly oblique, not very much angulated. T. p. line rather
regularly outcurved, geminate, inner line narrow, broken below vein 3; outer
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (6) .JANUARY, 1890.
42 JOHN B. SMITH.
line punctiform. S. t. line pale, very slightly less so than ground color, relieved
by a dusky preceding line, and a general dusky coloring of the terminal space;
its course very slightly irregular. In the reddish forms the transverse lines are
almost entirely obsolete. Claviform wanting. Ordinary spots evenly dark
filled, with a narrow defining line, small iu size. Orbicular slightly oval, oblique ;
reniform rather narrow, upright, very slightly constricted. Secondaries glis-
tening, smoky fuscous, somewhat paler basally. Beneath pale, powdery fuscous,
with a darker outer line and discal spot. Expands 1.36 — 1.50 inches ; 34—37 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan), Calif. (Neumoegen).
This species is very distinct from any other known to me by the
peculiar association of structural characters, combining the habitus
of the cupida group with the antennae, but not frontal characteris-
tics of the pityckrous section, and peculiar and different from all by
the distinct ridge or crest to the thorax. In this feature it resem-
bles Gkea or allies, but the form is not depressed. It will probably
form a new generic type characterized by smooth front, palpi with
second joint clavate, third joint minute, forming a short snout with
the frontal vestiture ; anterior tibia unarmed, middle and posterior
spinose, thorax with vestiture smooth, consisting of flattened hair
and scales, with a distinct crest anteriorly. The genital structure is
not unlike that of the cupida group, and the insect is not unlike
cupidissima in character. The thoracic crest is perfect in but one
specimen before me.
Types are in collection Rutgers College, coll. Hy. Edwards, and
coll. B, Neumoegen.
Agrotis plaiiifroiis sp. nov. — General color a bluish ash-gray : sides of
palpi blackish ; collar black tipped ; thorax immaculate. Primaries with a dis-
tinct vinous red shade through the lower half of the wing, less marked in the
basal and terminal spaces. Basal line single, black, strongly dentate, running to
the basal dash. T. a. line single, broader on costa and internal margin, strongly
dentate between veins, slightly oblique outwardly. T. p. line broad, distinct,
crenulate, outwardly curved over reniform, and inwardly sinuate below, the
curves very even and not strong. A broad, ditfuse, median shade crosses the
reniform, then runs parallel and rather close to t. p. line, darkening the median
space beyond, to the t. p. line. S. t. space becoming gradually darker to the
s. t. line, which is defined and limited only by the contrast of this dark shade
against the concolorous terminal space. A row of black terminal lunules. A
black longitudinal dash at base extending to t. a. line. Claviform wanting.
Orbicular concolorous, black ringed, elongate, the ends drawn out, the one reach-
ing the t. a. line the other to the reniform, which is narrow, binate, incompletely
defined, darkened by the transverse median shade. Secondaries white, veins a
trifle soiled, and with a dirty indefinitely marked outer border. Beneath, pri-
maries fuscous, powdery, paler costally where the outer transverse line is visible ;
secondaries paler, more powdery, with outer line marked across costal space only ;
a distinct discal spot. Expands 1.37 inches; 34 mm.
Habitat — N. W. British Columbia.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 43
A single specimen only, from Mr. Neumoegen, in good condition ;
the combination of structural characters is peculiar to this species
and to congrua. The front is flat, the palpi short, second joint very
broad at tip, terminal joint minute, as a whole resembling the cupida
group. Fore tibia spinose, but not very heavily armed and scarcely
abbreviated. Antennae with the joints marked, laterally furnished
with tufts of hair resembling thoee of the pitychrous and messoria
groups, but not so well developed ; vestiture of flattened hair and
scales; thorax with an indefinite anterior divided crest; the macu-
lation is also distinctive, and as a whole the species is intermediate
between the forms like tessellata and saucla, forming a distinct group.
The species is very handsome as well as unique.
Agrotis congrua sp. nov. — Ashen gray, palpi dark at the sides; collar
with a narrow, dark, transverse line, above which is a series of white scales, the
tip of collar marked with a reddish, almost ferruginous shade. Thorax immacu-
late. Primaries with a somewhat ferruginous shade extending through the
middle of the wing into the s. t. space and tinting that space nearly its full
length ; veins somewhat dark marked. Basal line marked on costa only. T. a.
line single, marked by a distinct costal spot, from which the line is traceable
through the cell, twice dentate in this course, then not again visible, except as a
curved mark below the internal vein. T. p. line traceable for its entire length,
single, not prominent, rather even, with little outward spurs on the veins. S. t.
line indefinite, paler, interrupted, marked by the slight conti-ast between ter-
minal and s. t. space created by the rusty tinging of the latter. A row of dusky
terminal lunules ; no basal dash, no claviform. Orbicular elongate, black ringed,
connected with the reniform by a short spur-line ; reniform incomplete, indefi-
nite, the inner outline only defined. Secondaries whitish, glistening with the
veins dusky and with a faint discal lunule. Beneath whitish, powdery, with a
diffuse outer line on each wing visible only across the costal region. Expands
1.36 inches ; 33 mm.
Habitat. — Oregon .
A single male in good condition is before me. The species agrees
perfectly with planifrons in the group characters, and is closely allied
to that species in general type of maculation. There are so many
differential characters, however, that there is not the slightest danger
of confusing them.
Agrotis inelegans sp. nov.— General color dull blackish brown Head
and palpi concolorous; collar with a reddish suffusion, more marked at the tip
and extending to base of costa of primaries ; thorax with base of patagife and
the tips of the small anterior and posterior tufts, also more reddish and slightly
contrasting. Primaries with a slight reddish shading basally along costa, else
quite uniform, save that the median space is a trifle darker than the rest of the
wing. Basal line geminate, black, distinct. T. a. line geminate, blackish, dis-
44 JOHN B. SMITH.
tinct, outwardly oblique and quite even ; a small outward curve only in the in-
terspaces. T. p. line marked by a geminate black spot on the costa, thence indi-
cated only by the slight contrast between median and subterminal space;
outwardly well curved over the reuiform, and somewhat incurved below. S. t.
line prominent, a narrow, slightly irregular line of yellowish white scales
scarcely interrupted save toward costa and inner margin. Claviform faintly
marked. Ordinary spots moderate in size, normal in form, concolorous, outlined
by a narrow line of pale scales surrounding each. Secondaries and abdomen
smoky fuscous. Beneath fuscous, powdery, with a reddish shading, more marked
on secondaries ; an outer, interrupted, transverse line and a discal spot on sec-
ondaries only. Expands 1.25 inches ; 31 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan).
In structural characters this species is nearest to mirabilis in the
cupida group ; front smooth, palpi short, scarcely forniing a snout
as in cupida, fore tarsi not spinose ; thorax with a small anterior
and posterior divided crest, abdomen depressed. It is an interme-
diate form betAveen the cvpida, exsertistigma and stellaris groups, with
the wing form of the former, the tufting of the second, and the
maculation of the third. Its best place is probably next to mirabilis.
A single female in good condition is before me."
Agrotis Clemens sp. nov. — Pale luteous gray, with black powdering.s, the
vestiture smooth, glistening. Head, collar and thorax concolorous, immaculate.
Basal line distinct, geminate, black. T. a. line geminate, outer line broader,
more distinct, the lines irregular, and as a whole the line irregularly outcurved
and bent in the interspaces. T. p. line distinctly geminate, interrupted, the
inner line consisting of a series of irregular lunate spots; outer line an almost
evenly curved series of distinct venular dots. S. t. line pale, very slightly and
irregularly sinuate, the line marked by a distinct, dusky preceding shade. A
series of blackish terminal dots. A diffuse median shade darkens the cell be-
tween the ordinary spots and is continued vaguely to the hind margin, varying
in distinctness. Claviform wanting; the ordinary spots are vague, indefinite, of
a very slightly paler shade than the ground color; the reniform marked with
dusky. Secondaries pale smoky, somewhat whitish, the veins fuscous. Beneath
whitish, powdery, with an outer line and discal spot to all wings. Expands
1..50— 1.65 inches ; 38—41 mm.
Habitat. — California ( Neuraoegen").
The specimens before me are all females, and show all the charac-
teristic features of the clandestina group of the genus. The species
has no close allies in the group, and while evidently referable near
to clandestina and havilae in the table, is in some respects rather in-
termediate between the type of the group and haruspica. The ab-
domen of the $ is not depressed ; there is some resemblance to py-
rophiloides in the habitus, which, however, is not likely to prove
misleading.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 45
$. Tolnbilis Harv.
A number of specimens of this species were in the collection, so
different from the general run of specimens that I applied the name
dentilinea to the form. Compared with ordinary specimens of the
eastern or western forms the maculation is much more distinct, the
colors brighter and the s. t. line very prominently dentate. It may
be that this form, which is also narrower winged than type forms of
vohibi/is, will eventually prove distinct, but I have no specimens at
hand sufficient to determine this at present ; stigmosa refers to the
same form as voluhilis.
Agroti!^ satieiis sp. nov. — General color luteous gray, palpi browu at sides,
head and thorax else immaculate. Primaries black powdered, irrorate, tlie or-
dinary maculation confused and indefinite. Basal line black, interrupted, gemi-
nate, always marked on costa at least. T. a. line marked by a geminate black
costal dot and very indefinite below this, but as a whole outwardly oblique. T.
p. line geminate, inner line crenulate, not very well marked, outer line a series
of venular dots variably distinct; as a whole its course very even. Beyond its
middle the s. t. space begins to darken to the outer margin, the terminal space
being much darker than ground color, almost blackish ; through this dark space
the s. t. line is distinct as a series of larae pale spots not much paler than ordi-
nary ground color. A series of black terminal spots; a vague indication of a
basal dash. Claviform moderate, concolorous, black marked, but not completely
defined. Orbicular oval, elongate, quite variable in size, black marked, then
with a pale annulus, centre concolorous or very little darker than ground color.
Reniform large, kidney shaped, very indefinitely and quite incompletely
outlined; concolorous. In some specimens the cell is distinctly black before
orbicular and between that and the reniform. Secondaries in the % pearly
white, in the 9 darker, outwardly smoky, veins dark marked, fringes white.
Beneath white, with black powderings, without lines in the %, with an incom-
plete outer line and discal spot to all wings in the 9- Expands 1.38 — 1.52 in-
ches; 34 — 38 mm.
Habitat.—^. W. British Columbia ; 1 S 2 9 9 .
In all structural characters this insect is nearest to ohesula m., but
has not the plump, heavy look so striking in that species ; the ground
color here is paler and much more irregularly marked than in ohesula
where the dark atoms are regularly distributed. The antennae are
as in munemda rather than ohesula, the latter having them unusually
heavy.
A. insertans sp. nov. — General color a rather sordid yellow. Head and
palpi immaculate, collar with a distinct black central line above which the color
is somewhat more dusky. Thorax with black scales intermixed, forming an
incomplete line margining the patagiffi. Primaries with the median lines prac-
tically obsolete, the t. a. line traceable only by a single loop below the claviform
and the t. p. line marked only by geminate costal dots. A basal black streak, to
46 JOHN B. SMITH.
which is attached the loop-like claviform. The cell is black around and between
the ordinary spots, which are connected ; an unbroken black line margining
both. Orbicular elongate, with a slightly darker core: a narrow spur extending
to the reuiform, which is moderate in size and kidney shaped. A black spot
below reniform. The s. t. and terminal spaces are prominently marked by the
four pale streaks so characteristic of the A-dentata series of this genus ; the black
intermediate dashes distinct ; no distinct s. t. line. Secondaries clear, pure white.
Beneath white, somewhat powdery, without line or spot. Expands 1.32 inches;
33 mm.
Habitat. — British Columbia, Spencer's Bridge.
The type is a unique male from Mr. Neumoegen ; easily distin-
guished from its allies in the 4:-de7itata group by the pure white sec-
ondaries, the united ordinary spots and elongate orbicular ; a com-
bination shared by no other species. The genitalia are of the
bifurcate type usual in the group to which the species is referred.
Agrotis cogitans sp. nov. — General color ashen giay with a slight luteous
tint. Head and thorax unicolorous; collar with a median transverse black line.
Primaries in some specimens with fine blackish powderings, usually very even
and smoothly colored without shadings or contrasts of any kind. Basal line in
a fully marked specimen geminate, distinct on costa and traceable to the basal
dash ; in other specimens it is entirely obsolete. T. a. line geminate, the two
lines equally distinct, strongly oblique outwardly and outcurved in the inter-
spaces; sometimes almost entirely obsolete. T. p. line single, fine, crenulate,
strongly outcurved over cell, and then almost parallel with the outer margin;
in some specimens nearly obsolete, but generally traceable. S. t. line usually
entirely wanting, rarely indicated by a vague dusky shading. A series of black
terminal lunules. A distinct narrow longitudinal basal line to the t. a. line,
beyond which the claviform is more or less indefinitely marked with a few black
scales. Orbicular concolorous, slightly ovate, usually distinctly outlined in black
sometimes with a preceding black line, sometimes with a narrow line connecting
it with the reniform. The reniform is inwardly well defined by a curved black
line, outwardly vague and indefinite, but usually traceable. Secondaries in the
male pearly with a smoky tinge; in the female somewhat darker. Beneath
white, powdery, with a variably distinct outer line and discal spot to all wings.
Expands 1.50 — 1.75 inches ; 38 — 44 mm.
Habitat. — California (Neumoegen).
Four specimens % and $ are before me, no two of which are
alike and which yet vary very slightly. The transverse lines are
more or less obsolete and the concolorous ordinary spots with their
narrow black outline and marking are somewhat variable in shape
and in their relations to each other. In structural characters the
species agrees with that section of the pitychroiis group of which
hoUemani is a member. In type of marking there is a curious re-
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 47
semblance to clandestina, but the coloration and wing form are quite
different. The thoracic tufting is not distinct, but is well indicated,
the vestiture being rather loose.
Agrotis atomaris sp. nov. — Head, thorax and primaries deep smoky or
blackish brown. Palpi darker at sides, collar with a tip of luteous scales, tho-
racic crest with an admixture of hoary scales. Primaries with a luteous shading
through the centre of the wing. All the maculation obscure, indistinct, yet all
traceable. Basal line marked on costa only by a geminate black spot. T. a. line
geminate, sometimes traceable through the cell, somewhat outcurved between
veins and with a long outcurve below the internal vein. T. p. line geminate,
marked on costa, evenly outcurved over reniform, inner line finely crenulate,
outer scarcely mai-ked, except by the slightly paler included shade. S. t. line
paler, interrupted, sometimes almost obsolete. Claviform present, outlined in
black. Orbicular round, moderate in size, very indistinctly outlined. Eeniform
rather large, normal in form, slightly more leaden black, not very definitely
outlined. Secondaries ( % ) pure white, a narrow dusky marginal line. Beneath
white, powdery, with an interrupted outer line and discal spot to all wings.
Expands 1.25 inches; 31 — 35 mm.
Habitat. — California (Neumoegen).
The structural characters refer this species to the pitychrous
group, and most nearly to vellervpennis. From this latter species
our form differs in the somewhat lighter shade of the wings, rather
more luteous than black, while the ordinary spots are not so neatly
outlined, and the transverse maculation is rather more distinct.
Three males are before me, all very much alike. There is a chance
that this may eventually prove identical with velleripennis, but I
doubt it.
Agrotis reinota sp. nov. — General color a pale, carneous gray. Palpi
blackish at sides, else head and thorax immaculate, concolorous. Primaries with
a reddish sufl'usion apparent in the median space, and the terminal space dusky.
Basal line geminate, distinct, brown. T. a. line geminate, incomplete, slightly
outcurved in the interspaces. T. p. line indistinctly geminate, as a whole well
exserted over the reniform and thence rather evenly oblique to the inner mar-
gin ; inner part of line fine, crenulate, outer line represented by venular dots
distinct only below vein 5. S. t. line indefinite, irregular, forming an outward
curve on veins 3-5, and again near apex ; relieved by the dark terminal space.
Claviform small, concolorous, incompletely outlined. Ordinary spots paler ashen
gray; orbicular outlined in black, oblique, somewhat irregular oval. Eeniform
large, kidney shaped, narrowly pale lined, incompletely outlined inferiorly, out-
wardly with a pale, more yellowish blotch. A very narrow, interrupted, termi-
nal line. There is a slightly deeper shade of reddish between the ordinary spots,
but nothing like a distinct dark shading. Secondaries soiled whitish, with a
48 JOHN B. SMITH.
darker outer margin. Beneath, primaries fuscous, with paler powdery outer and
costal border, Secondaries paler, powdery, with an incomplete outer line and a
diffuse discal spot. Expands 1.40 inches; 35 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashau).
This species has all the essential characters of the pitychrous group,
and is perhaps nearest to choris, but quite distinct from it. The
maculation so far as the ordinary spots are concerned is naore dis-
tinct than any other of the pitychrous group, and in that respect ap-
proaches somewhat the tessellata group, without, however, in the
specimens before me raising any question of the proper group to
which it should be referred. The genitalia of the male are in all
essentials like those of pitychrous.
Agrotis auiiulipes sp. nov. — General color ashen-gray with a reddish
shade, with blackish powderings. Palpi darker at sides, head somewhat pallid
in front, collar with a very vague transverse line composed of dark powderings.
Thorax evenly and not heavily powdered. Primaries with the dark powderings
becoming more prominent outwardly, slightly suffusing the outer part of me-
dian space and becoming most prominent as a heavy smoky brown shade before
the s. t. line; the terminal space dusky, but not so dark as the outer part of s. t.
space. Basal line apparently single, brown, not very distinctly marked. T. a.
line geminate, evenly outcurved, slightly irregular ; the outer part of the line is
distinct, brown, rather broad, the inner vague, not well marked superiorly, but
easily traced through the lower part of its course. Median shade very distinct,
brown, rather definitely limited, very nearly parallel with the t. a. line. T. p.
line distinctly geminate, rather widely outcurved over reniform and slightly
incurved below ; inner line distinctly crenulate, outer line somewhat vague,
except through costal region. S. t. line pale, somewhat diffuse and very even,
starting from the pale apical space. Claviform wanting. Orbicular and reniform
slightly paler, not outlined, very vague and indefinite, at first sight apparently
wanting. Secondaries smoky whitish, somewhat iridescent. Beneath whitish,
powdery ; primaries darkest and with trace of an outer line ; secondaries more
powdery along costa and without outer line or discal spot. Expands 1.16 inches ;
29 mm.
Habitat. — Oregon.
A very distinct species of which I have only one 9 specimen in
good condition. It has all the characters of the messoria group, and
according to the tabular arrangement comes nearest to brunneigera.
It is, however, decidely smaller than that species, and the color is
more gray ; the prominent median sha<le and the dusky terminal
parts of the wing are distinctive. The tarsi are ringed with brown,
the_^ legs also of the same grayish white as the underside.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTEKA. 49
Agrotis niiirdocki sp uov. -Head and thorax a ratlier bright yellowish
red, almost ferruginous, without mark or spot. Primaries with basal and sub-
terminal space of the same red brown color as thorax. Median space bright
bluish gray, outwardly dark shaded. Terminal space dusky. Basal line faintly
marked. T. a. line geminate, very even, with an even, rather small outward
curve; inner line brown, outer line broader, black. T. p. line geminate, even,
outwardly curved over reniform, slightly incurved beneath ; inner line black,
dLstinct, outer line indefinite, incomplete, brown. S. t. line marked by the con-
trast hetwecTi the evenly dark terminal space and pale s. t. space, its course ir-
regular. A dusky co.stal shade in s. t. space before apex, leaving a paler apical
spot. A pale line at base of fringes Claviform wanting. Orbicular large,
round concolorous, faintly outlined by a pale ring. Reniform large, kidney
shaped, inferiorly dark filled, obscured by the median shade which crosses the
spot and then runs rather ditfusely and close to the t. p. line, darkening the
outer part of median space. Cell between the spots also dusky. Secondaries
whitish, soiled, with a faint reddish sufl'u.sioM. Beneath pale, powdery, disc of
primaries darker; an outer line and discal dot to all wings. Expands 1.20 inch. ;
30 mm.
Habitat. — N. W. British Columbia, Utah Territory.
This very handsome species is readily recognized among its con-
geners by the strong contrast between the blue-gray median and
reddisli yellow or rusty red basal and s. t. spaces. It has all the
characters of the messoria group, but is unique among them all.
'J'he specimen now before me is from Mr. Neumoegen. I received it
some time since from Mr. Edwards, who had it, I think, from Utah.
Some years since I received the first specimen from Capt. Murdock,
Fort Thornburgh, Utah, and this specimen is now in the United
States National Museum. From Capt. Murdock I received many
good species, and it is matter for extreme regret that so good a col-
lector in so fine a locality should have lost his life so soon.
Agrotis qninquelinea sp. nov. — General color fu,scous gray. Head
concolorous; collar with a central dusky line; thorax concolorous. Primaries
evenly colored, the transverse lines blackish. Basal line distinct, single. T. a.
line distinct, upright very slightly angulate; median shade line distinct, broad,
very irregular. T. p. line single, narrow, crenulate, its course as a whole very
nearly parallel to the outer margin. S. t. line consisting of a narrow dark
shade line followed by some pale scales relieving and defining the same; an in-
terrupted, very narrow terminal line. Secondaries and abdomen pale smoky
fuscous. Claviform wanting, ordinary spots barely traceable, concolorous, reni-
form inwardly marked by a small black dot. Beneath pale, powdery fuscous,
with an outer line and discal spot on all wings. Expands 1 40 inches ; 35 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan).
This simply marked species is allied in appearance to the Alpine
forms tridienla or fusca with the characters referring it to the group
mesisoria so far as they can be made out from the single female before
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (7) FEBRUARY, 1890.
50 JOHN B. SMITH.
me. Front luucrouate, anterior tibite armed, median shade distinct.
Its closest ally is perhaps incallida, from which the simple lines sepa-
rate it at a glance. The legs, too, are not handed as in the other
species, and there are numerous other distinctive features.
Ai^rotis incallida sp. nov.— General color pale ashen gray. Palpi brown
at sides ; a dusky line across tlie front; collar dark tipped. Thorax unicolored,
coneolorous. Primaries with slightly darker suffusion beyond the median shade.
Basal line geminate, black, upright, lunulate, tlie outer line liroad, tlie inner
narrower and fainter. A broad, black median shade, somewhat diffuse outwardly.
T. p line black, lunulate, geminate, the outer line distinct near costa only, a
strong outcurve over the reniform and a slight incurve in the suhmedian inter-
space. S. t. line irregular, interrupted, })ale, marked by a very distinct smoky
preceding, and a somewhat less evident following shade. Claviform wanting,
orbicular barely traceable, coneolorous ; reniform marked only by an indefinite
dusky spot. Secondaries deep smoky brown. Beneath very dark smoky brown,
with white powderings along the costa, broader on secondaries. A broad diffuse
outer band, distinct only through the paler parts of the wing ; secondaries with
a discal spot. Vestiture of breast ash-gray, tarsi and tibije l)la(k ringed. Ex-
pands 1.5 inches; 37 mm.
Habitat — Sierra Nevada, Cal.
The structural characters as far as they are ascertainable from
the single female before me, are like the inessoria group. The fore
tibi?e are spinose, the clypeus is nmcronate, and the maculation is
like that of extranea and frlfasciata, from which the color and the
want of distinct ordinary spots separate this species. The appear-
ance and habitus at first refer to opipera., munis and dissona, but all
of these afford distinctive characters, leaving the color and general
appearance responsible for the impression. It is perhaps closer to
the Alpine simjjlonia than any of our own species.
Agrotis lutuleiita sp. nov. — (ieneral color a luteous gray ; sides of palpi
dusky, a dusky line extending from the eyes to the base of primaries; head and
tliorax else immaculate. Primaries slightly blackish powdered, more distinct
along the inner margin, and darkening the terminal and outer part of s. t. space.
Basal line geminate, not well marked. T. a. line geminate, outwardly slightly
oblique, moderately outcurved in the interspaces, a long outcurve below internal
vein ; inner part of line obsolete, outer very distinct. T. p. line narrow, crenu-
lated, parallel with the outer margin, inferiorly becoming indefinite; outer part
of line marked only near costa and not continued as a series of venular dots.
Median shade indefinite, diffuse, best marked between the ordinary spots, and
with some difficulty traceable below. Beyond the t. p. line the s. t. space darkens
to the outer margin interrupted by the very fine, pale, irregular and partly ob-
solete s. t. line. No dark terminal line or lunules, a pale yellow line at base of
fringes. Claviform wanting. Orbicular round, pale ringed, not prominent,
scarcely even distinct. Reniform large, very vague, not outlined, marked by a
yellowish curved line, which constitutes the outer margining line, and by a
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 51
slight lateral exteusion of the median shade. Secondaries smoky fuscons, out-
wardly somewhat darker. Beneath paler, more whitish, powdery, with an outer
line and discal spot on all wings; primaries with disc fuscous and outer line
incomplete. Expands 1.37 inches ; 34 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan).
Very closely allied to brunneigera Grote, with which it agrees in
all structural characters and in the ornamental characters deter-
mining its reference to the messorla group. It differs in the pale
ground color, the greater size of the ordinary spots and the distinct
outer shade combined with the partly obsolete s. t. line.
Types, a male in the Rutgers College collection ; others in collec-
tion Hy. Edwards.
Agrotis silticolR sp. nov. — General color a mixture of red and clay yellow,
varying to a definite bright red-brown or deep brick -red. Collar with a dusky
central line not apparent in dark specimens. Primaries always with a darker
shade before the s. t. line, and usually the terminal space also is darker. In fully
marked specimens the niaculation is as follows: basal line geminate, indistinct,
included space paler than ground color; t. a. line geminate, slightly oblique,
strongly outcurved between veins, included space ])aler; t. p. line very even,
parallel with outer margin, geminate, inner line crenulate, fine, included space
pale, outer line vague, often wanting; from this point the s. t. space usually
begins to darken to the pale s. t. line, which is very irregular, sinuate, outwardly
curved over veins 3-4, and again over veins 6-8, intervening inward angle quite
sharp. Claviform wanting ; orbicular round, or a trifle oblique, pale ringed, with
concolorons, or somewhat paler centre; reniform large, kidney shaped, pale
ringed, incompletely outlined inferiorly. where it is somewhat dark filled, out-
wardly pale marked ; the cell between the ordinary spots is usually darker,
sometimes black, and in such case in pale specimens a distiTict; dark, median
shade crosses the wing from that patch. From this complete niaculation the
variation is in the direction of obsolescence ; the basal and t. a. lines are the first
to go; then the t. p. line becomes indistinct, and the pale included space alone
is sometimes seen crossins the wing; then this goes and only the s. t. line re-
mains, and this is evident in all the specimens: the darker preceding shade is
also permanent, but variable in intensity, while the terminal space may be either
darker, concolorous. with, or paler than the ground color. The ordinary spots
are always traceable, but vary in the line of obsolescence. The most strongly
modified specimen is dark brown-red, with all save the .f. t. line lost, the pre-
ceding shade very slightly marked, ordinary spots coucolorou.s, the pale defining
line very narrow. Secondaries in the % soiled whitish, with a narrow dusky
outer border; in the 9 ftiscous. Beneath powdery, primaries more reddish,
secondaries whitish, no outer transverse line secondaries without distinct discal
spot. Expands 1.2.5 — 1.40 inches; 31 — 35 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan j.
A large series of this interesting species is before me showing what
I hope is the entire range of variation of the species which is a diffi-
cult one to place in a table by reason of its variability. It is very
52 JOHN B. SMITH.
close to what I have determined as satis Harvey, but differs in hav-
ing no claviforrn, in lacking the gray powderings of primaries, in
wanting the black defining lines to the ordinary spots, and in lacking
the common transverse line of the underside ; it is besides much
larger than satis. From rufula, to which, also, it is allied, it differs
in having the median space concolorous and the orbicular always
complete. The species has all the structural characters of the tes-
sellata group, and the ornamental characters are obvious in fully
marked specimens ; in those forms in which the cell is not at all
darker between the spots confusion may result in an endeavor to
place a single specimen from the synoptic table.
Types in the Rutgers College collection ; coll. Hy. Edwards and
coll. U. S. National Museum.
Agrotis basiflava sp. nov. — Deep dull Inteous brown, with black pow-
derings, varying to quite deep blackish brown. Collar concolorous, or sometimes
head and collar paler, with a ferruginous tinge, and with a variably evident dark
transverse line, less distinct in the pale specimen ( % \ black in the dark speci-
men ( 9 )• Primaries with basal space paler, the contrast most marked in the
male. Basal line distinct, black, angnlate, geminate. T. a. line distinct gemi-
nate, the inner line somewhat indistinct, but not obsolete, outer line black ; the
course very even and nearly upright from costa to internal vein, then with a
long outward curve to inner margin. A faint diffuse and indefinite median
shade from the dark shading between the ordinary spots. T. p. line evenly and
not strongly curved over reniform, very slightly incurved below; the line is
geminate, the inner crenulate, but not prominently so, the outer very even, in-
cluded space concolorous, or (in the dark 9 ) with ashen powdering. S t. space
not discolorous, but apparently a very little paler, with a series of somewhat
triangular dark spots preceding the narrow, indefinite, pale s. t. line, which is
very slightly sinuate. A row of blackish terminal lunules. No basal dash or
mark. The costa is slightly paler, but not at all discolored or contrasting.
Claviforrn distinct, but small, black bordered Orbicular inwardly oblique, oval,
not complete superiorly, black margined, slightly paler; reniform of fair size,
kidney shaped, not complete interiorly, black margined and with a paler annulus;
of the same color as the orbicular. The cell is darker, but not distinctly black
between the ordinary spots. Secondaries smoky, paler, more yellowish in the
male. Beneath dark, smoky; primaries with an outer line marked on costal
space only ; secondaries paler discally, with a small discal spot and an outer line,
beyond which the margin is darker. Expands 1.16 — 1.20 inches; 29—30 mm.
Habitat. — N. W. British Columbia (Neuraoegen).
This species belongs to the tessellata group, and is a close ally of
satis and rufula. From the former it differs by the lack of pale
powderings, the incomplete orbicular, the spots not powdered with
yellow ; it is a darker, somewhat shorter winged species, with the
cell more definitely dark filled. From rufula it differs in the darker
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 53
color, and the lack of the distinct contrast between the median space
and the basal and s. t. spaces. The orbicular is as in rufula, but the
underside is much darker, with the maculation not marked.
Two specimens, S and 9 '^i"e before me, differing very decidedly
in appearance. The male is paler, the maculation more distinct, and
the pallor of the basal space is more evident. The female is darker
throughout, the tendency along the costa and in the ordinary spots
to a cinereous powdering, the contrast between basal and median
space not well marked. The species is not a strongly marked one,
but is distinct, I think ; though most difficult to separate from the
species above named, it really gives the impression, in the 9 more
especially, of tessellata. It cannot well be that species, however,
variable as it is ; the structural characters are like tessellata throughout.
Agrotis reiia sp. nov. — General color varies from a very pale carneous gray
to a distinct reddish gray, the change being rather one of intensity than color.
Head and thorax immaculate, palpi dark at sides. Primaries with the macula-
tion not strongly contrasting, transverse lines sometimes obsolete; in fully
marked specimens basal line distinct, geminate, black ; t. a. line very slightly
outcurved, irregular, geminate, outer line blackish, broad, distinct, inner line
faint and more even. T. p. line geminate, outer line punctiform, inner line
narrovsf, crenulated, its course rather even, and not strongly outcurved over
reniform ; s. t. line pale, narrow, very slightly irregular, relieved by a distinct,
dark, rather narrow, preceding shade. A narrow interrupted dark terminal line.
This maculation may be wanting in part or entirely; one specimen lacks all but
the merest trace of the t. p. line; usually the s. t. line I'emains distinct. Clavi-
form small, incompletely outlined, in pale specimens entirely wanting. Orbicu-
lar large, round, slightly irregular, narrowly pale ringed, a black spot filling the
space between orbicular and t. a. line, and another dusky shade filling the in-
terval to the reniform the color of the included space is very slightly paler than
ground color; reniform large, upright, kidney shaped, narrowly outlined in pale,
with a leaden gray filling becoming blackish inferiorly. These ordinary spots
are constant in the series examined though the distinctness varies, as does also
the color of the filling between them. Secondaries soiled white to pale fuscous,
the difference not sexual. Beneath, primaries fuscous powdery, pale at costa,
with an outer transverse line visible only at costa, and a large discal spot; sec-
ondaries much paler, powdery, with a distinct outer shade line and large discal
spot. Expands 1.25— 1.32 inches; 31— 33 mm.
Habitat. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan).
The series before me, by the kindness of Mr. Edwards, shows
quite a long range of variation within comparatively narrow limits.
There is little or no change in ground color nor in the relative posi-
tion or course of the lines or spots, while the whole transverse macu-
lation may be almost completely gone and only the ordinary spots
remain. In structure it fully agrees with tessellata and declarata, and
54 JOHN B. SMITH.
with the latter of these species it is most nearly allied, being closest
to the form described as vertlcalis by Mr. Grote. It differs essen-
tially from this, however, in the shape of the. ordinary spots, and
especially in not having any contrast whatever between median and
s. t. space — a marked feature in all the declarata forms. Judging
from the number of specimens sent by Mr. McGlashan the species is
not uncommon.
Types in coll. Rutgers College, coll. Hy. Edwards, and coll. U. S.
National Museum.
Since the above was written I find two specimens referable to this
species in Mr. Neumoegen's collection, marked California, without
indication of special locality. In these the ground color is a luteous
brown or reddish, with a faint gray shade over all, and the cell be-
tween the ordinary spots is more distinctly dusky. Otherwise the
maculation is practically identical, and I cannot think that we have
here a distinct species.
Agrotis tessellata Harr.
Several specimens were in the lot received from Mr. Edwards, all
from the Sierra Nevada, Cal., and these I separated at first under
the term intrasa. More careful comparisons and studies lead nie to
the belief that we have to do with a variety of tessellata merely,
differing from the eastern form principally in a distinct reddish suf-
fusion of the primaries, and an infusiou of yellow into the seconda-
ries. The cell between the ordinary spots is not .so distinctly black
in some specimens, and in these the median shade is somewhat more
apparent, one specimen showing quite a strong resemblance to the
messoria forms. The term intrusa may be used to denote this reddish
powdered form with the ordinary spots pale and contrasting, the
head and collar distinctly more reddish. The size and other char-
acters resemble the type.
Specimens of this form labeled iidrusa ni. are in the coll. Rutgers
College, coll. Hy. Edwards and coll. U. S. National Museum.
Agrotis spectancla sp. nov.— General color a rather bright luteous gray,
with a glaucus tint over all. Head somewhat darker, with a considerable ad-
mixture of black scales. Inferior part of collar also dusky, limited by a distinct
transverse black line, above which are white scales. The patagise are also some-
what darker and margined with black scales. Primaries very smooth in general
color, the terminal space and costal portion of s. t. space darker, more powdery
cell filled with black about the pale ordinary spots. Basal line black, geminate,
distinct. T. a. line geminate, well marked on costa, incurved on costal vein,
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 55
thence slightly oblique outwardly to iuternal vein and along outward curve
below. T. p line geminate, outcurved over reniform, then nearly parallel with
outer niarjiiu ; inner line narrow, crenulate. distinct, outer line even, much less
evident. S. t. line narrow, pale, sinuate, marked by the darker terminal space.
A series of black terminal lunules and a yellow line at base of fringes. Clavi-
form moderate in size, concolorous, distinctly outlined in black. Orbicular
moderate in size, slightly irregular, but hardly oblique, distinctly black ringed,
and with a very narrow border of pale scales ; reniform moderate in size, of the
normal form, with a paler central line. Secondaries ( 9 ) white, the veins dark
marked. Beneath white, primaries somewhat smoky and with a trace of an
outer line. Expands 1.32 inches; 33 mm.
Habitat. — California ( Neunioegen ).
^ A single female only of this pretty and sharply defined species is
at hand. It has all the appearance and structural peculiarities of
the tessellata group ; the white secondaries of the 9 ^Ily it with pal-
llpennis, while the niaculation of primaries is n)uch more like albi-
pennis, or even dedarata. Some cleanly marked specimens of tes-
sellata resemble this species, but the white secondaries are always
distinctive. Had the specimen been a male the white secondaries
would not have been so important, as the female may have dusky
secondaries when those of the % are white ; the reverse, however, is
never the case within my experience.
A. nostra sp. nov. — General color a somewhat luteous brown, varying a
little in shade. Sides of palpi darker, the front sometimes with dark scales.
Collar with a somewhat faintly marked median transverse line. Thoracic tuft-
iugs gray tipped, sometimes the entire thorax somewhat darker in shade than
the ground color. Costal region powdered with gray, more broadly at base,
terminal space blackish, not greatly contrasting, and somewhat variable in the
amount of. the dark shading ; on apical blotch gray powdered. Basal line present,
geminate, not well marked. T. a. line geminate, very slightly oblique, with a
distinct outward curvature in the interspaces ; the line is sometimes barely
traceable, and the two parts are generally equally distinct. T. p. line neai'ly
parallel with the outer margin, the inner line finely crenulated, outer line re-
duced to a row of small venular dots which are sometimes wanting; sometimes
the entire line is scarcely traceable. S. t. line irregular, concolorous, marked
only by the dusky terminal space and by a vague preceding shade ; a series
of small terminal lunules. Claviform indefinitely outlined, concolorous.
Orbicular oval, of good size, black ringed, gray powdered ; reniform large,
kidney shaped, narrowly black ringed, concolorous or slightly paler, somewhat
leaden filled inferiorly. The spots are always distinct, but somewhat variable
in point of definition, sometimes incompletely outlined. The space between
the spots is darker, but never black or prominent. One specimen shows a black
spot preceding the orbicular, and another has the entire niaculation obscured,
the grmind color paler than normal. Secondaries smoky fuscous, the veins
56 JOHN B. SMITH.
darker, discal lunule of underside visible. Beneath powdery fuscous, with
a discal spot on all wings, and a variably distinct outer line. In one specimen
the line is wanting entirely. Expands 1.50 — 1.60 inches ; 38 — 40 mm.
Habitat — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (McGlashan).
This species is allied to basalis Grt. and solitaria Smith, having
all the structural characters of the tessellata group. In superficial
appearance it strongly resembles saucia, and I am very sure I have
seen the species mixed with savcia in collections. The tuberculate
front and the structure of the antennae will serve to distinguish the
present species at once. It has the wing form of saucia rather than
tessellata, and by this character and the dusky terminal space bears
some resemblance to the cinereomaculaia form of ockrogaster Gu.
The species seems tolerably common judging from the number of
specimens sent.
Types in the Rutgers College collection, coll. Hy. Edwards, and
coll. U. S. National Museum. Mr. Neuraoegen also has specimens
in his collection.
Agrotis furtiviis sp. nov. — Ground color varying from fuscous gray to
bright red-brown. Head and thorax evenly concolorous, collar with a central
black, transverse line. Primaries with costal space to t. p. line pale, discolorous,
in the brown specimens most prominently so. Basal line wanting, at all events
not traceable. T. a. line usually obsolete, in one well marked, brown specimen
ti'aceable as a pale, outwardly oblique line without definite margins, and angu-
late in the interspaces. T. p. line geminate, rather even, pale, outcurved over
the cell and slightly incurved inferiorly ; inner part of line usually distinct,
outer part not well defined ; in some specimens the line is not traceable below
the costa. S. t. space darker costally, a distinct dark shade and a series of sagit-
tate blackish spots preceding the narrow, pale, and slightly irregulaj s. t. line,
terminal space darker than ground color. In a brown specimen with well
marked t. p. line the s. t is decidedly paler tban the median space, and this is
the case to a variable extent where the t. p. line is marked. A black basal dash
interrupted by the t. a. line, the small loop like claviform continuing the dash
beyond the line; this spot is very variably distinct, but usually not completely
outlined ; cell around the ordinary spots dusky to black. Orbicular variable in
shape, always open superiorly, Y-shaped to oblong, oblique, the change being
made by cutting the outer horn of the V; in color like the costal region; some-
times with a darker centre ; reniform moderate in size, kidney shaped, white
ringed, the centre concolorous with costa, or somewhat darker. Secondaries
smoky fuscous, with a variably evident discal lunule. Beneath powdery, with a
very variable, distinct, outer line, and a more uniformly defined discal spot to
all wings. Expands 1.38— 1.50 inches; 35— 38 mm.
Habitat. — California (Neumoegen).
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 57
Three very strongly dissimilar specimens, all females. The spe-
cies is most nearly allied to idahoetisis, differing principally in the
very distinct shade containing still darker sagittate spots preceding
the s. t. line, which is less dentate than in its ally. The variations
have been indicated in the description. The structural characters
are of the iessellata group.
Agr4>tJ!!$ iiifelix sp. uov. — General color red-brown, varying in shade.
Head and collar inferiorly either Ki'ay or yellow, with a ferruginous aiiniixture,
contrasting; a black transverse line across the middle of the collar limits the
pale space superiorly, and above this line the collar is concoiorous with thorax.
Thoracic disc in the specimen even, concoiorous; in another the entire color is
diarker, the tuftings are gray tipped, the patagiae with gray powderings and
margined with black. Primaries with costal region discolored yellow, with a
ferruginous or an ash gray powdering, gradually merging into the ground color
before the inception of the t. p. line. Basal line whiti.sh, loop-like, cutting a
disk out of the basal black streak. T. a. line visible only in the s. t. interspace,
where it crosses the black basal dash in the form of an outcurved pale line mar-
gined with deep black. T. p. line narrow, single, finely creuulated, slightly
outcurved over reniform. thence very evenly parallel with the outer margin.
This in the ^\ in the % no trace of the line is visible. In the % the color is
even unbroken through the median and s. t. space to the s. t. line, whicli arisps
from a gray apical spot and is punctiform and very slightly irregular, the .spots
preceded by sagittate black dashes; beyond this line the narrow terminal space
is slightly more dusky, and there is a row of small black terminal dots: in the
9 a grayish suflfusion along the black marked veins relieves and lightens the
s. t. space, intensifies the black sagittate dashes and makes the terminal space
darker by contrast; the maculation, otherwise, is as in the %, save that the s.
t. line is more evident and some of the spots are connected, showing that the
line is distinctly dentate on veins 3 and 4. Claviform distinctly black margined,
variable in size and form, center concoiorous, surmounted with an also variable
pale, yellowish streak, crossing the median space. Orbicular oval, oblique, com-
plete, black ringed, then with a pale annulus, centre of the color of costal re-
gion : reniform large, kidney shaped, contrasting yellowish, inferiorly dark
grayish marked. In the 9 the entire internal margin is gray marked. Secon-
daries evenly fuscous, with a row of terminal darker lunules, fringes paler.
Expands 1.65 — 1.80 inches; 41 — 45 mm.
Habitat. — California (Neumoegen).
This handsome and well marked species comes nearest to ohelis-
eoides in the tessellata group, but is perhaps more nearly allied to
perexcellens of the qudridetdata group. From the latter it is distinct
by the lack of the prominent dentations of the s. t. line ; from the
former by its very much larger size, the more produced primaries,
different s. t. line and other details of maculation. The line of va-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (8) FEBRUARY, 1890.
58 JOHN B. SMITH.
riation is in the same direction as in perexcellens, the two specimens
before me showing strong differences, while evidently referring to the
same species.
Since the above was written I have seen a series in the United
States National Museum which runs from the form above described
to a uniform black the maculation scarcely identifiable. The series
is bred, so there is no question as to the identity of the specimens.
Since the mss. of the above descriptions was handed in, I have
deposited a series of types in the collection U. S. National Museum,
which contains nearly all of the species above described. The col-
lection now contains more than seventy-five per cent, of all the de-
scribed species of Agrotis, and in generally finer series than any
individual collection known to me.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 59
I^EW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN CYNIPID.E.
BY H. F. BASSETT.
The Cynipidfe described in the following pages are the accumula-
tions of many years. They are, largely, the material sent me by
correspondents from all parts of the United States, and I regret that
circumstances have made it impossible for me to give earlier atten-
tion to their favors.
Besides the new species here described I have thirty or forty new
species of galls, from which I have not yet succeeded in rearing any
true gall-flies, many of them extremely interesting forms, but, ex-
cept in one instance, I have left these to those naturalists who shall be
so fortunate as to secure both the galls and their producers.
The reasons for the exception to what is, undoubtedly, the proper
course, viz., — not to describe a species from the gall alone — will ap-
pear in my monograph, the completion of which seems to myself not
very far off.
I am not sure that the species here noticed are assigned to their
proper genera in all cases, indeed, I think a few do not belong to
any genus yet established, and for these provision must be made
hereafter.
Although the recognized species in this country have increased
from less than a dozen in 1862, when Baron Osten Sacken's " First
Contribution to the History of the North American Cynipidse," ap-
peared, to more than two hundred, it is still too early to attempt a
classification of our species that future discoveries shall not disturb.
Not until the relations of our agamous to their bi-sexual forms
shall have been fully learned can such an undertaking give satis-
factory results. For this reason I have abstained from genus making
altogether, satisfied if my descriptions shall be found sufficiently full
and accurate to be helpful in future studies of this interesting, but
exceedingly difficult family.
RHODI'EES Hartig.
1. R. leiiticiilaris n. sp.
Lentile-shaped galls in the parenchyma of the leaves of Iiosa
lucida, showing on both the upper and underside and from .10 to .15
60 H. F. BASSETT.
of an inch in horizontal, and .08 inch in vertical diameter. Coin-
pai-atively few of the galls are single. Most are confluent and of
irregular outline, and in some instances the entire leaf is covered,
while in others the right or left lobe is thus covered. These galls
resemble the European species B. spinosissimce, but the latter are
more nearly globular, and their vertical diameter is one-half more,
while the horizontal is considerably less. The larval cell is much
larger and the walls much thinner than in R lenticularis, and, as
will be seen, the insects differ much.
Gall-flies. — Female. — Head black ; auteunpe short, first three joints very
(lark reddish browu, remainder dull black ; first aud second joints globular,
third one-half longer than the fourth, fourth slightly longer than the succeeding
ones, which are short and thick, and distinct. Thorax black ; mesothorax dull,
not shining, finely rugose, and with microscopic hairs ; parapsidal groo%'es smooth,
rather large and distinct, only faint ti-aces of the intervening lines that are
usually seen in this genus; pleura shining in the middle ; scutellura very finely
wrinkled or corrugated. Abdomen shining, deep j'ellowish red. Legs very dark
reddish brown. Wings subhyaline, with an exceedingly faint reddish cloud on,
and surrounding the radial area ; in many specimens this cloud is scarcely dis-
cernible; veins slender, but distinct, second transverse, and those bounding the
radial area largest; areolet always present, but a mere dot. Length of the body
.08 inch.
% . — Wings moi-e nearly hyaline, and without any trace of cloudiness. Length
.07 inch, (my only % specimen is in poor condition]
Dr. Rudow states that the third antennal joint of li. .^pinosisslnifF.
is three and a half times as long as the fourth. In B. lenticularis
the third is only one and a half times as long as the fourth. B.
.•<pinosiss{7n(e is larger and differs in other respects from B. leidicnlaris.
This species was discovered in eastern Massachusetts by Miss Cora
H. Clarke, of Jamaica Plain. 1 am indebted to Miss Clarke not only
for this, but for many other species of galls, several of which are
new and will be described in this article.
2. R. tiiinidiis n. sp.
Galls.— The.«e rose galls were received from Mr. A. H. Siler, who
collected them in southern Utah, but from what species of wild rose I
am not able to say. They are globular, and from three-fourths to one
and one-fourth inches in diameter, and of the same spongy cellular
consistence, internally, as B. radicum O. S. They appear to be enor-
mously developed leaf buds, for the terminal half of many of them
bears a faint resemblance to a half-opened rose, or a miniature cab-
bage, the lines on the surface being the outlines of leaves. They grow
on the end of a woody stem, and are in most cases nearly sessile,
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 61
though in a few the stem is half an inch long. The upper half of
the gall is covered with a thin, white, papery epidermis, which is
usually torn and curled by the rapid growth of the gall itself.
The true bark beneath is red or brown, and quite smooth in fresh
galls, but wrinkled when they become dry. The apex of several
galls is crowned with sharp spines and such are found on the base,
and stem of others. It is plain that each gall is a foreshortened
branch and the gall-fly must lay her eggs in it at an early stage of
its development. These galls are polythalamous.
Gall-flies. — Male and female. 9- — Head black; antenna} black, first joint
ovate, second globose, third twice as long as the fourth, which slightly exceeds
the remaiuiug ones. Thorax black, finely and evenly rugose or wrinkled, shin-
ing rather than dull, jiarapsidal grooves very fine, two short parallel lines on
the anterior half of mesonotum and a short median line on the posterior half
of the same and a smooth, shining ridge over the base of each wing; pleurae
rough, scutellum evenly rough or rugose. Abdomen very dark reddish brown,
approaching black. Legs the same color. Wings with a yellowish tinge througli-
out, but deeply clouded on the veins that bound the radial area, and indistinctly
so beyond its apex; veins distinct, except that the slender cubitus is scarcely
discernible at its union with the first transverse; areolet large, and the veins
bounding it of equal size. Length of the body .12 inch.
%. — Black, except the abdomen and legs; these are darkei-, however, than
tho.se of the female. Wings subhyaline, with no cloudiness, except that along
the veins bounding the areolet and the radial area. The yellowish tinge that
pervades the wings of the female appears here, and is rather more intense than
in that sex. Abdomen very small. Length of the body .10 inch.
3. R. variabilis n. sp.
Galls. — Irregularly rounded, sometimes ovate or reniforni, and
varying so much in form and size as to make a description difiicult.
They are from one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch in diameter
in the more regular forms, but the reniform specimens often exceed
an inch in diameter. Polythalamous, but evidently so through the
perfect coalescence of two or more galls. The surface, like that of
a russet apple and the color, nearly the same. Some, gathered per-
haps before they were fully matured, are of a darker color, and are
shrunken. These last may possibly prove to be a distinct species,
but the insects offer no essential points of difference.
The development of these galls is as variable as their form. Some
appear to grow on the ends of the small branches, others are at-
tached to the leaf stems, while others are developed from an abor-
tive leaflet, while still others grow on the surface of fully developed
leaves. Internally, they ai-e of a rather solid, pith-like substance,
and the larva? have no free larval cell.
62 H. F. BASSETT.
They were collected for nie in southern Utah, in large numbers,
by Mr. A. H. Siler.
Gall-flies of both sexes. — Bead black, finely and evenly punctate on the vertex
and with a few short mi('roscoi)ic hairs, broader than the narrow thorax ; an-
tennfB 14-joiuted, first joint large and round, second also round, but very small,
the third is more than twice as long as the two preceding taken together, the
fourth one-half as long as the third, remaining joints are subequal ; in the female
the first and second joints yellowish brown, the rest dull black; in the male
black throughout; in both sexes the autennse ai"e very slender, but those of the
female are shorter. Thorax black, finely rugose and hairy like the head, though
the hairs are longer, two smooth, parallel lines from the collar one-half way to
the scutellum, and a very short median line from the scutellum that almost im-
mediately disappears; the parapsidal grooves not smooth nor deep, converging
rapidly as they approach the scutellum ; scutellum small, rough and depressed at
its junction with the mesonotum. Legs: coxse dark, shining, lighter towards
the femur; femur, tibia and tarsi dark yellowish brown ; the legs of the male,
especially the posterior pair, are considerably darker than those of the female.
Abdomen of the female small, ycdlowish brown, darker towards the end, the first
segment pedicillate, the second very long and nearly concealing the remaining
ones; sheath of the ovipositor sharp pointed, as in all this genus; the abdomen of
the male is very small and shining black. Wings: veins dark and heavy, cubitus
very distinct and reaching quite to the first transverse; areolet medium size;
radial area faintly clouded on the second transverse vein in the male, and more
heavily clouded throughout in the female, except a small spot in the center; the
cloudiness extends slightly beyond the apex of the radial area. Length : body
male .10, female .11 inch. ; wings, male .12, female .14 inch.
The description of the female does not apply to all the specimens
of this sex reared from these galls, as in some the radial area has no
cloud, but a simple broadening of the veins bounding it. As this defer-
ence is quite noticeable, and as the galls differ so much in form and
size, I am inclined to believe that there may be here two distinct,
but closely related species.
4. R. UtaheiiNis u. sp.
Mr. Siler sent me from Utah, several years ago, some very large
rose galls that did not differ, so far as I could see, from B. racUcum
O. S. It is true they were larger and less regular in form than that
species and showed more plainly that they originated in a leaf bud.
The largest specimen was three inches in diameter, and one or two
others Avere nearly as large. They appeared to have grown near the
surface of the ground, but not under moss or fallen leaves, as is the
habit of H. radicum.
They were old galls and I reared nothing from them, but on cut-
ting them open I found several perfect insects, evidently Rhodiies,
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 63
and all of the male sex. The females seemed to have made their
way out. On comparing them with the njales of R. radicum I found
them to agree so closely that I was disposed to look upon them as
merely a variety of that species. Further study revealed some
minor differences, and at least one characteristic that seemed to
entitle them to rank as a distinct species.
The differences noted are as follows: the first joints of the an-
tennfB are not as dark reddish brown as in R. radicum, the antenna?
are not as long, the mesothorax is shining punctate, the punctuation
much finer, the feet are not as dark, and, while the wings are possibly
a shade deeper yellow, the clouded spots seen on the wings of R.
Tadicmn are wanting, and the enlargement of the second transverse
vein at the base of the radial area in that species is wanting in this.
But the most notable difference is, that while the parapsidal grooves
in R. radicum almost touch each other at the posterior margin of
the mesothorax, they are so widely apart in this species that the
difference cannot escape notice.
There are species in this genus that resemble each other more
nearly than these two, but in such cases the galls are very distinct.
If further observations show it to be only a variety it is sufficiently
marked to deserve a name.
5. R. iiebiilosus n. sp.
Round, hollow, thin shelled, monothalamous galls thi-ee-sixteenths
of an inch, or less, in diameter, on the underside of the leaves of the
wild rose {Rosa blanda and probably R. Carolina). They are usually
situated on the lateral veins on the lower half of the leaf and close
to the mid-vein. The surface in the green galls is quite smooth, but
when dry it is slightly rough and uneven, but not pubescent. There
is no larval cell.
These galls are often parasitized, and such are sometimes quite
solid and contain several larval chambei'S. The same often occurs
in galls of R. hicolor. I have received this species from correspon-
dents in widely separated sections, but in most cases the galls were
immature when collected and produced nothing, and 1 have only
one gall-fly, a male, of this species.
Gall-flies. — Head black, very broad, front from the eyes and iticluding the
base of the antenuse, perfectly flat; ocelli prominent, and included in a smooth,
shining space bounded by a distinctly impressed line, outside of this space the
vertex is hairy and finely reticulated ; antennpe 14-jointed; joints one and two
deep brownish yellow, remaining joints black, third twice as long as the first
64 H. F. BASSETT.
aud second taken together. Thorax black, covered with fine, sliort hairs, evenly
punctate, parallel lines distinct and reaching: half way to the scutelluni : parap-
sidal grooves distinct and reaching three-fourths of the way to the collars ; lines
over the base of the wings distinct and closely approaching the parapsides ante-
riorly ; scutellum rugose, and with fine short hairs; no foveie, but a straight,
prominent, trausverse ridge separates the scutelluni from the mesonotum. ^46-
domen clear, semi-translucent browu, but unevenly shaded. Legs pale brown,
almost yellow. Wings heavily, but unevenly clouded, and with a small clear
spot in the middle of the radial area; veins heavy, dark browu, almost black:
areolet large, distinct; radial area "open, or but partially closed. Length : body,
11 inch. ; wings, .11 inch. ; autennse, .09 inch.
HOL,€ASPIS Mayr.
1. H. duricoria n. sp.
Galls. — Globular, but less regularly so than H. globulus Fitch ;
sessile and subclasping on the young branches of Q. hicolor. The
flattened base and the cone-like form of many of these galls remind
one of the Minnie rifle ball. They are often so crowded that they
become strangely misshapen ; the surface is finely pulverulent, and
when dry it is very hard. This suggested the trivial name. Inter-
nally the substance is similar to, but much harder than that of H.
globulus. The larval cell is free in a small, irregular cavity ; the
galls average one-half inch in diameter, and the oval larval cell is
one-eighth liy three-sixteenths inches.
They are sometimes found in countless numbers on a single tree and
for a single season, and then nearly or quite disappear. A few galls
of this species appeared several years ago on a large and thrifty oak
{Q. bicolor). which is growing in the yard of one of my neighbors.
The next year the tree was covered witli them ; there were bushels
of them, but the year following there were few, if any, new galls, but
this year they have appeared again in considerable numbers. lu this
instance, and a few others, I have noticed that the tree .seemed to be
quite seriously injured by them. It is well known that this species
has a large number of jiarasitic enemies, else it might pi'ove very
destructive to this species of oak. It has other foes besides insect
parasites.
This is an agamous species, and I flattered myself that the tree in
ray neighbor's yard would give me an excellent opportunity to study
the habits of these female flies as they left the galls, which they do
in October and November.
I went day after day to look for them, but found only now and
then one on the {)alings of the fence enclosing the yard. At length
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 65
I discovered that several English sparrows and other small birds of
different species had taken possession of the tree and were devouring
the insects as fast as they appeared. I saw a species of creeper peer
into a cluster of galls and seize a fly before it was out of the gall.
Of course my effort amounted to nothing, and the mystery around
the second generation remains, so far as I know, still unsolved.
That birds peck open galls of various species for the larvae they
contain is well known to every entomologist.
Gall-flies. — Entire body black. Anteunie with 13 joints, first joint large,
second round, third nearly one-half longer than the two preceding taken to-
gether; third to the ninth gradually shorter, and each hirger at the apex than
at the base. Thorax hairy, two parallel lines from the collare to the middle of
the mesonotura smooth; median line begins on the border of the scutellum, but
soon disappears; parapsidal grooves heavy at their origin on the scutellum, but
disappearing before reaching the collare; line above the base of the wings well
marked, deepest at the scutellum; scutellum hairy, fovese wanting. Wings
slightly smoky, areolet present, cubitus disappearing before reaching the first
transverse vein; second transverse heavy, especially at the base of the open
radial area. Legs very dark brownish red, ungues two toothed. Abdomen black,
shining, the first segment e.xtremely short, making the second appear sessile on
the metathorax; the sides of the second are covered with hairs, but there is a
narrow, hairless line on the dorsum ; the third and fourth segments are separated
by a fine line from each other and from the second. Length : body, .19 inch. ;
antenufe, .1.3 inch.; wings, .25 inch.
Though this species has long borne the above name, given by me
as a manuscript designation, it has not till now been published.
Intending at the time to publish immediately, I sent specimens to
several entomologists in this country and Europe ; also sent photo-
graphs to some of my friends. I had at the time a full description
of the gall and fly written, but while holding it to send with other
matter for publication a brief notice of a similar gall found in the
West appeared in the first volume of the " American Entomologist."
Dr. Walsh, who wrote the paper, did not describe the species fully,
but said that it was found on the Burr oak, and that it differed in
several particulars from C. globulus Harris. His brief description
led me to think that his and mine might be identical, even though
they grew on different species of oak, and I determined to withhold
mine till I could settle the question. The death of Dr. Walsh not
very long after, and later still the destruction of his collections in
the great Chicago fire, has made the settlement of the question diffi-
cult, if not impossible. If at any time their identity is established
his published name has priority, and I yield to the rule in such cases
most cheerfully.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (9) FEBRUAKY, 1890.
66 H. F. BASSETT.
2. H. coralliiius n. sp.
Galls received from Mrs. E. H. King, of Napa City, Cal. The
first lot received were old galls from which the insects had escaped j
they were black, but fresli ones are of a fine reddish buff color; they
are attached to the small twigs of one of the varieties of dwarf oak
and are perfectly round, but the surface is irregularly and thickly
studded all over with short, stumpy projections which differ in size,
and that are as large or even larger at the summit than at the base.
There is usually a slight depression at the end. These remind one of
certain species of coral. The surface, projections and all, is covered
with a hard, close, velvety pubescence, if anything so closely ap-
pressed can be called velvety ; the single larval cell is not free ; the
substance of the gall bright shining yellowish brown ; the size is
nearly three-fourths of an inch in diameter. The size and the blunt
horns remind one of A. speciosus Bass., but that species is smooth,
and the galls are found on the leaves only.
The insects from which the following description was made were
cut from the galls from which they had nearly eaten their way out ;
they are all females.
Gall-flies. — Eutire body, except a small spot on tlie dorsal ridge of the ahdo-
iiien, thickly covered with short silvery white hairs, those of the aiiteiinie and
the middle of the pleurse shorter and less conspicnous. Color, except the brown-
ish black antennae, reddish brown. Head a shade lighter than the thorax, wliicii
is itself less dark than the abdomen. Antennx: first joint of the 14-jointed
antennae oblong-oval and only a little darker than the head ; second joint very
small and round, third one-fourth longer than the two preceding taken together,
fourth a little longer than the first and second ; remaining ones gradually shorter
to the last, which is twice as long as the thirteenth ; it lias an indistinct annu-
lation, which might be taken for a true joint. Lines on the mesothornx dnrker
than the general suiface; two closely contiguous, smooth, parallel Hues from the
collare half way to the scutellum ; parapsidal grooves very widely separated at
their origin on the scutellum, shallow and almost hidden by the ajipressed hairs
and wholly disappearing before reaching the middle of the mesonotum ; scutellnm
rounded, foveae wanting. Abdomen more densely hairy than any other part of
the body and the hairiness extends to all the joints that are visible. Color of
the legs somewhat lighter than the body; ungues one toothed. Wings hairy,
veins dark, but not heavy; areolet small, cubitus not quite reaching the first
transverse; radial area open, basal vein angulated. Length: body, .16 inch.;
wings, .18 inch. ; antennae, .10 inch.
.3. H. caiiescens n. sp.
On one of the oak branches sent by Mrs. King, which bore several
galls of H. corallbius just described, was a short branchlet on which
were four or five galls of another species.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 67
The fully grown gulls are round and measure three-eighths of an
inch in diameter, and each has a short, blunt spur at the apex pre-
cisely like that of H. duricorid Bass., and they might easily be taken
for dwarf specimens of that species, though the surface is more hoary.
The larval cell is, in these specimens, attached to the gall, hut can
be detached without breaking. The body of the gall is hard, and
around the cell tliere is a thin even layer of rusty brown, and out-
side this a light gray color prevails.
Opening three of the galls I found in each a full grown female
gall fly that had failed to make its way through the hard wall en-
closing it.
The description of i/. coral/ inus, ^ust given, ai)plies to this species,
• except as follows :
The thorax and legs are somewhat darker and less hirsute, and the latter are
of a clear, shining, almost resinous aj.pearance. The abdomen is black aad
shining, with a tinge of brown, and the hairiness is confined to the sides of the
second, third and fourth segments, and is so very sparse, short and fine, as to
escape observation unless highly magnified, while the hirsuteness of H. corallinus
gives it a hoary appearance even to the naked eye. The parallel lines on the
mesothorax are more widely separated, and these with the line over the base of
each wing are darker, broader and more shining, and, by contrast with the gen-
eral surface, appear black. The parapsidal grooves, inconspicuous in H. corallinus
are still more so in this and would easily escape notice. The wings difl'er mainly
in the radial area, which is much larger in this species. Length : body, .15 inch. :
wings. .20 inch.; antennse, .13 inch.
4. H. Sileri n. sp.
Galls ovate from a broad base, sessile on the twigs of an oak
growing in southern Utah, .sometimes elongated at the i)oint but not
beaked, shining brown, yet not quite smooth. Many specimens are
deeply and irregularly cracked, and from some the epidermis has
flaked off". They rarely exceed one-fourth of an inch in diameter,
and many are a little less than that. Internally they are harder
than H. duricoria, H. globulus and H. rugosus, which they resemble,
except that they are smaller. The larval cell is closely imbeded,
but .separable from the gall.
I have reared no gall-flies from these, but have found, on cutting
some of them open, several apparently mature female specimens.
Gall-flies. — Dull dusky, reddish brown, except the abdomen, which is black
and shining. Anteunx 14-jointed, first short, second very small, third and fourth
moderately long and equal, the remaining gradually shorter, except the last,
which is one-third longer than the preceding. Entire thorax moderately hairy,
parapsidal grooves from the scutellum half way to the collare diverging ; parallel
lines from collare a little more than halfway to the scutellum distinct and sm(K;th
68 H. F. BA8SETT.
a very deep line over the base of each wing and a short niedian line from the
scutellum, wliich does not reach forward to the parallel lines just mentioned ;
foveje wanting. Abdomen black, the second segment with hairs on the sides.
Legs dark reddish brown, the tarsi darkerand rather dusky, ungues two tootlied.
Wings large, hyaline ; veins slender, dark; areolet small, cubitus only reaching
two-thirds the way to the first transverse, radial area open and of usual size.
I do not give measurements of this species as the flies were not
naturally developed, but they are probably about the same size as
H. eoraUhms and H. canescens. The naturally hatched insects may
vary somewhat from this description, but the galls are sufficiently
distinct to establish this as a new species. I give it the name of the
discoverer, A. H. Siler,
5. H. periiiciosiis n. sp.
Monothalamous, roundish galls, sessile by a broad base on the
twigs of a dwarf oak growing in southern Utah. Apex in some
specimens slightly elongated and compressed laterally, but usually
blunt cone shaped. The twig itself is enlarged into a shallow cup-like
receptacle at the base of the gall. In all my specimens ( dry ones from
which the insects have escaped) the galls are smooth, or only slightly
rough, and with deep, irregular cracks and a dark reddish brown color.
The large larval cell is firmly imbedded in the rather hard cellular
tissue. The insects escape through a large opening which they make
near the base of the gall. These galls bear a pretty close resem-
blance to the parasitized galls of H. duricoria Bass. Judging from
their abundance on the twigs sent me they must be quite injurious
to the trees infested. Cutting open several of the un perforated galls,
I was so fortunate as to find several dead, but perfectly developed
gall-flies, all females.
Gall-flies. — Head deep dusky red, face dark, almost black in the centre; ver-
tex with a broad dark band in the middle enclosing the ocelli and extending to
the base of the anteunpe. Antennse brownish black, shining; first joint large,
second ovate, third slender and a little longer than the first two taken together,
fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh gradually shorter, remaining joints of uniform
length. Thorax dark reddish brown ; in a strong light appearing black and cov-
ered with white hairs: surface punctulate, parallel lines broad, reaching half
way to the scutellum; median line very fine and indistinct, parapsidal grooves
distinct on the scutellum, but disappearing half way to the collare. Lines over
the base of the wings distinct, close to and parallel with the parapsidal grooves ;
scutellum light red, hairy, regularly rounded posterorly, fovefe vvanting. Ab-
domen black and shining, first segment large, the sides sparsely covered with
rather long, white hairs; sheath of the ovipositor with fine short hairs. Legs
dark reddish brown, paler at the joints, the ungues black, simple. Wings hya-
line, veins dark reddish brown, shining ; areolet rather large, distinct ; cubitus
slender, and disappearing half way to the first transverse, radial area open.
Length: body, .14 inch.; wings and antennse medium length, not measured.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 69
DR10PHAi\TA Forsler.
1. D. Clarkei n. sp.
Galls. — Small, round, smooth, and not quite three-sixteenths of
an inch in diameter. They are formed of the buds of the white
oak, and are filled with larvas, which are separated from each other
by very thin, filmy walls. Most of those in my collection are trans-
formed terminal buds, but a few are axillary. I have not learned
whether their development takes place wholly in the spring, or
Avhether, like several other vernal species, they are partially developed
in the preceding year.
The insects, which appear early in the spring, are of both sexes,
and are described as follows:
Gall-flies.— Females.— i/ertd and entire thorax black and shining; antennae
witii tliirteen joints, first short, dark, shining, almost black ; second lighter
color, short, almost spherical; third short, but nearly as long as the first two
taken together; this and the following three light j-ellowish brown ; remaining
joints short and dusky brown. Thorax perfectly smooth, parapsidal grooves
heavy, as are also the lines over the base of the wings; polished and shining.
Scutellum also smooth, foveaj very small. Legs dark, shining brown, paler at
the joints. Wings hyaline, veins moderately heavy, areolet a mere point; cu-
bitus pale, decreasing in size as it approaches the first transverse, which it does
not quite reach; radial area open. Abdomen black, short, terminal segments
mostly concealed in the second.
Male. — Antenna" with fifteen joints, first black, second globular, third rather
short, curved and incised ; legs lighter than those of the female ; abdomen very
small ; in size the sexes vary little. Length .08 inch. ; wings, .09 inch.
This fine species was sent me last spring by Miss Cora A. Clarke,
from eastern Massachii-setts.
2. D. pumiliveutris n. sp.
I find this remarkable species among my unnamed galls where it
has lain for many years. I know nothing of its history further than
the description of the galls and insects here given.
I have received through the mails many boxes of galls that bore
no clue to the source from whence they came, or even to the tree or
plant on which they grew. Most of them were well-known species,
and their source was of comparatively small importance. I think
this species must have come in this way.
These galls, now shrunken and distorted, are pnjbably green, soft
and succulent when fresh. They grow in clusters in the axils of the
leaves, and when fresh may have been as large as a chestnut or a
hazel nut. They seem to have varied considerably in size and form.
70 H. F. BASSETT.
They are polythalamous, and there are no ti"ue larval cells that I can
discover. The species of oak on which they grew, for it was un-
doubtedly an oak, is not known. But. while a good description of
the galls is impossible from the material I have in hand ; the insects
possess very marked specific characters. I have forty-seven speci-
mens of this species, and, strange to say, they are all males ! They
are described as follows :
Gall-flies. — Head yellowish brown to dark yellowish brown ; vertex is some-
what rngose, ocelli very pale yellow; antennte somewliat darker than the head,
15-joiiited, the first and second of moderate length, the third very long, slightly
curved and incised, the remaining joints long and all very slender; the cheeks
are grooved ; the thorax, and, indeed, tlie whole body, shining yellowish
brown, but varying considerably in intensity in different parts and also in the
same parts in different specimens. Thorax narrow and elevated in the middle,
and with deep parapsidal grooves that converge towards the scutellum ; pleurte
darker than the mesonotnm and less shining; scutellum finely rugose, opaque,
fovese small, smooth, shining and widely separated. Legs reddish rather than
yellowish brown, and nearly uniforn in color. Abdomen: first segment very
long, slender and arcuate, like the first segment in most of the petiolated Bra-
conidfe ; second segment very small, triangular, the acute angle joined to the
first segment, compressed laterally, and, small as it is. almost or quite covering
the remaining segments ; it is smooth and shining, and in some specimens the
dorsal portion is indented, though this may be accidental. Wings very large,
hyaline, the veins not heavy and rather pale; areolet small, but distinct, the
second transverse vein bent in the base of the radial area, but without the stumj)
of a vein ; radial area open, long, but of medium width ; cubitus very slender
and nearly colorless. Length: body, .12 inch.; abdomen, .05 inch.; wings .20
inch.: antennse, .20 inch.
The pale ocelli, the extremely long antennse, the large wings, the
long pedicel, and the extremely small remaining segments of the
abdomen, all these taken together mark this as a very distinct spe-
cies that, when its history is better known, may form the type of a
new genus.
3. D. ebtirnens n. sp.
Galls round, smooth, polished, resend:)liug old ivory. They are
from one-eighth to three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter, growing
in great numbers on both the upper and under surface of oak leaves
of a species I have not yet determined. The galls were .sent me by
A. H. 8iler from southern Utah. Sometimes the galls are so crowded
that they lose their globular form. They are strongly attached to
the leaves and the base of the gall is usually grooved by the vein on
which it grows. There are often twenty or thirty galls on a single
leaf, one-third of which will be on the underside. They are hard
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 71
and rather thick shelled and filled with fine silvery white hairs that
radiate from the single larval cell that is attached to the base of the
gall.
From several thousand galls I have reared less than fifty gall-flies.
These are all females, and are described as follows :
Gall-flies. — Head black, face and vertex finely punctate, and with a few mi-
croscojiic hairs; antennje stout, fourteen joints, first thick, second less thick and
only two-thirds as long, third fully as long as the two preceding taken together,
fourth one-half as long as the third, the remaining ones short, all black and with
short, inconspicuous hairs. Thorax black, niesonotum polished and shining, ex-
cept the very distinct parapsidal grooves and a small hairy spot in front of the
base of each wing; scutellum opaque, rough, foveai present, rough like the rest
of the scutellum. Abdomen bright, shining black. Legs black, with very dark,
brownish red joints, the whole having, in a certain light, a reddish hue; ungues
simple. Wivgs large, hyaline ; veins slender, the areolet very small, the cubitus
colorless the entire length, the radial area long, open and quite narrow. Length :
l>ody, .10 inch. ; antennae, .10 inch. ; wings, .18 inch.
4. D. siniilis u. sp.
Galls received from Mr. Siler and collected by him in southern
Utah. They are in all respects, save color, like those of J., ehurnem
Bass., but the color is a shining brownish buff. They are found on
a different species (or variety) of oak.
'J'he gall-flies also resemble A. ebiirneus, but are much smaller, the
body being only .08 inch., the wings .12 inch, and the antennae .07
inch, in length, and the cubital vein in the lower half is subob-solete.
A large number of specimens may show this to be only a vai'iety,
but the difference in the length of the wings and the antennte, if
constant, seems too great to be merely varietal. There may be sea-
sonal difl^erences, but as to this I am not informed.
5. D. corrugis n. sp.
Among a hundred or more of gall-flies captured last spring, while
in the act of ovipositing in the buds of several species of oaks,
were several distinct species, and one of these taken from the buds
of Q,. prinoides, produced, so far as my observations went, no galls
whatever, none being found in any of the several visits I made these
bushes during the summer.
Since the discovery, last spring, by Miss Cora A. Clarke of two
new species, — Andricus Clarkei and A. pidchra, and of Neuroterus
pallldus by myself, all on the aments of different species of oak, I
have come to the conclusion that the insects in (^[uestion are the aga-
mous females of another bisexual species that comes from galls on
72 H. F. BASSETT.
the sterile flowers of Q. prinoides, and that I failed to find the galls
simply because I did not revisit the trees until the flowers had fallen
off. Of course this cannot be ascertained till next spring, and pos-
sibly not then, but meantime I name and describe this very pretty
little species, of which I have sixteen individuals.
Gall-flies. — Head black, and with extremely fine reticulations; antennse with
fourteen joints, first heavy, club shaped : second thicker than the first and al-
most equal in length, third two-thirds as long as the first two and extremely
slender, fourth short and slender; all these light yellowish brown, fifth yellow-
ish to dark brown at the tip, a little thicker than the fourth, remaining joints
very dark brown, very shoit and thick, the thirteenth and fourteenth separated
by an indistinct articulation, and the thirteenth not so dark brown as the pre-
ceding. Thorax narrow, smooth and shining, parallel lines present, parapsidal
grooves narrow, not shining; all these are quite slender; general surface of the
mesonotum finely, evenly and very beautifully transversely wrinkled ; scutelluni
rather large, more finely wrinkled than the mesonotum and less shining, fovese
wanting. Abdomen black, polished, subdepressed, second segment rather long,
third one-half as long as the second, others concealed in the dry specimens-
Legs.- femur and tibia dark brown, except the joints, which, with the coxfe and
tarsi, are yellowish brown, ungues simple. Wings hyaline, veins pale yellow,
almost colorless ; areolet absent, and the cubitus so indistinct as to be traced with
difficulty even half way to the first transverse; radial area large, open; second
transverse does not reach quite to the anterior edge of the wing and posteriorly
extends no further than the point where the areolet is found in most species.
Length : body, .10 inch. ; wings .10 inch. ; antennae. .08 inch.
6. D. peduiiciilata u. sp.
Galls growing on slender peduncles on the edge of the leaves of
Q. rubra and Q. coccinea. The peduncles are from one-fourth to
one-half an inch in length and are plainly the prolongation of lateral
leaf veins. They are usually flattened, and in some cases bordered
on one side for nearly the whole length with a very narrow e.xtension
of the leaf blade itself. When dry they are often twisted like the
stems of the moss Funaria hygrometi'ica. The gall is ovate, with a
long, curved point. It measures one-eighth by three-sixteenths of
an inch exclusive of the tip. When fresh it is smooth, and has a
somewhat glaucus hue, which mostly disappears in drying, changing
to a dark, dirty olive-brown. It is extremely thin, and is hollow,
except the free, smooth, oval larval cell. This cell is .05 by .10 of
an inch, and is extremely fragile.
This gall differs from Andrlcus capsnla Bass, in size, being much
larger, and in shape the latter being as long, but only half as thick,
and also in color, which in either species is constant. But the free
larval cell in D. pedunculata, and its entire absence in .1. capsnla is
the most striking: difference.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTEKA. 73
Gall-flies. — Head Muck, vertex iniuutely rugalose ; aoteiiiise 14-joiiited, first
and sei'ond equal, and very pale yellow, third a little longer than the two pre-
ceding, slender; fourth equal to the first and second, the fourth brownish at the
tip, and the remaining joints dark brown, and of equal length. Thorax smooth
(microscopically punctate) black, shining, parallel lines obscure, parapsides dis-
tinct, but slender; scutellum small, obscurely punctate, fovese very small and
indistinct. Abdomen bright shining black, second segment very large, others (in
dry specimens) concealed by the second. Legs yellowish brown, middle of the
femur darker; claws simple. B^mjrs hyaline, veins slender, dull brownish yel-
low; areolet small, cubitus reaching nearly to the first transverse, radial area
long, open. Length : body, .08 inch. ; .11 inch ; antennse, .07 inch.
Male. — Antennse 15-jointed, first joint dark at the base, second yellow, glob-
ular; base of the third, yellow; tip thickened, and with the remaining dusky
brown ; head, thorax and abdomen black ; legs slightly darker than the female:
abdomen small. Length: body, .09 inch. ; .11 inch. ; antennse, .09 inch.
ANDRICXIS Hartig (subgenus Callirhytis).
*1. A. (Callirhytis) piilchra n. sp.
Galls on the anients of Q. tinctoria (also Q,. rubra), when dry,
shrunken and shrivelled, and measuring from .10 to .15 of an inch
in diameter. They are polythalanious, each gall producing four or
five insects. The interior of the gall is of a very loose spongy tex-
ture and the outside, thin and papery and green like the leaves.
When fresh they are round and the size of a common red curi'ant.
They differ from the galls of Dryophanta pahistris O. 8., which is
sometimes found on the aments of Q. ilicifolia, in the thin and smooth
shell, and in being polythalanious. Flies of both sexes, appeari)ig
in May.
Gall-flies. —Female. — Head and thorax black, and evenly punctate, except the
scutellum, which is evenly rugose ; antennse 14-jointed, the first short, thick ; the
second short, oval ; Ihird slender, one-fourth longer than the two preceding taken
together, remaining gradually shorter; all connate, but alike distinct, and « ith a
yellowi.sh almost, metallic hue ; cheeks grooved. Collare very broad ; mcsotho-
rax rounded, median line a slight depression, but punctate like the rest of the
surface, parallel lines rather broad and shallow, polished ; parapsidal furrows
very fine and extending throughout: lines over the base of the wings piesent,
but indistinct ; scutellum evenly rugose, fovete near together and rather deep,
and ovally elongated. Legs very dark brown, joints a shade lighter, ■ingues
simple. Wings hyaline, veins colorless, except the subcostal and transverse,
which are dark, but not black ; areolet wanting, radial area open. Length : body,
.08 inch.; wings, .08 inch. ; antennse, .07 inch.
Male. — Antennse 15-jointed ; first short, black ; second short, ovate ; third lun-
ger than the first two, and slightly curved and incised ; all, except the first, with
the yellowish metallic hue noticed in the female. Abdomen very small. Legs
several shades lighter than those of the female, the posterior pair darkest: the"
somewhat longer antennse and the smaller abdomen are usual in this sex, and.
except as above, the two are quite alike.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (10) MARCH, 1890.
74 H. F. BASSETT.
About one-half of my fifty or sixty specimens are males.
Galls received from Miss Cora A. Clarke, Jamaica Plain, Mass. I
have galls, probably identical, which I found on the aments of the
red oak many years ago in Florida, Mass., but I did not succeed in
rearing insects from them.
2. A. (Callirhytis) piisniatoides n. sp.
Blister-like galls on the points of the acute lobes of the leaves of
Q. coccinea, each tipped with the long hair-like point that terminates
each lobe. They are ovate-acuminate, and look as if a bubble of
air had separated the upper and under lamina of the leaf They
are about one-third by one-fifth of an inch in diameter, sometimes a
little depressed vertically. The Avails are very thin, the color the
same as the leaf. Each contains a free, oblong-oval, thin walled
lai'val cell, whose length is fully twice its diameter. The free larval
cell of Dryophanta paiiistris, the only species with which this can be
confounded, is perfectly round, and the gall is larger, thicker, and
rarely found in the same position.
Gall-flies. — Female. — Entire body shining black. Head small ; antennte 14-
jointed; first, second and third yellowish browu, remaining changing gradually
to dull, dusky brown ; first and second joints short, third equal to the preceding,
the rest of uniform length. Thorax smooth, median line heavy on the scutellum,
short; parapsidal grooves very distinct, converging closely on the scutellum;
scutellum finely and evenly rugose, fovese distinct, longer than broad, not deep.
Abdomen polished, second segment large, deep, and nearly concealing the re-
maining ones. Legs: trochanters black, or dark brown, the remaining joints
clear, dark brownish yellow, the posterior pair darkest, ungues simple. Wings
of moderate size, subfuscous, veins strong and distinct, areolet wanting, the
cubitus reaches a little more than half way to the first transverse vein ; radial
area open, and the veins bounding it of equal size throughout. Length : body,
.10 inch. ; wings, .10 inch. ; antennse, .08 inch.
This is not a common species, though I have met with a few indi-
viduals nearly every year for many years past. They are the prey
of parasites to such an extent that I have never reared more than
two or three true gall-flies, and I have now but a single female fly,
of whose identity I am sure, and from which the above description
is made.
3. A. (Callirhytis) reticulata n. sp.
Polythalamous galls on the midvein and near the base of small
oak leaves from wdiat is probably one of the dwarf varieties of Q.
virens. Prominent on both surfaces, but more so on the underside.
They are almost round and (dried specimens) one-fourth of an inch
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. /O
in diameter. The dry galls are exceedingly hard, and they bear a
very close resemblance to those of A. dcatrieula, though the scar or
indentation invariably found in that species is wanting. The larval
cells are not .separable from the solid woody fibre around them, and
they all radiate from a common centre.
My galls, collected by Mr. Howerton in New Mexico, have pro-
duced no males, but I do not look upon this as an agamous species.
Gall-flies. — Female. — Head and thorax very dark, brownish red, approaching
black ; antennae short, 1.3-jointed, the first and second joints rather small and
short, third hardly longer than the two preceding taken together, fourth not
quite as long as the third, fifth to the twelfth subequal, thirteenth one- fourth
longer and showing in a favorable light a dark ring near the tip hardly distinct
enough to be called a suture; mesothorax with an exceedingly fine reticulation
and a few short, scattered hairs, parallel lines reach half way from the collare
to the scutellum, these and the parapsidal grooves and the short lines over the
base of the wings are present, but very narrow; scutellum rather long, pointed,
finely rugose, but fovete large, shallow and smooth. Abdomen shining yellowish
brown, lightest anteriorly, seco!id segment very long and deep, and nearly con-
cealing the remaining ones. Legs light yellowish brown, except the posterior
pair, which are much darker; ungues simple. Wings hyaline, veins slender and
mostly colorless, areolet present, but indistinct, radial area open. Length : body,
.10 inch.; wings, .12 inch.; antennae, .08 inch.
4. A. (Callirhytis) ruginosus n. sp.
Gall. — A hard, round knot, nearly an inch in diameter, near the
tip of a slender twig of Q. (virens?) The surface rough and black-
ened and deeply and irregularly fissured, probably by drying, with
several holes made by the escaping insects. Polythalamous, the walls
of the numerous larval cells not separable from the firm, but rather
open cellular tissues around them. This gall resembles those of A.
Suttonii, but is much more rough, and is entirely destitute of woody
fibre.
Sent me by Mr. Howerton from New Mexico. Five gall-fiies
reared ; all females.
Gall-flies. — Head black, very broad behind the eyes, breadth twice its depth,
vertex rugose ; antennee long, slender, yellowish browu to dusky towards the
end, fourteen joints, first abruptly clavate, second not thicker in the middle than
at the ends and nearly as long as the first; third one-half longer than the two
preceding ; fourth to the eighth gradually shorter, remainder equal. Thorax
black, mesonotum roughly pitted and wrinkled, and more deeply posteriorly ; a
few short, white hairs towards the scutellum; median line reaches half way to
the collare, and two parallel lines half way to the scutellum : parapsidal
grooves entire; these and the lines over the base of the wings present, but quite
obscure; scutellum very roughly pitted and wrinkled, two large, rough pits
(fovese) at the base, and a smaller intermediate one. Abdomen smooth, shining,
76 H. F. BASSETT.
light yellowisb brown, slightly darker in the niidtlle of the very large second
segment, others narrow. Legs dark brownish red. ungues simple. Wings large,
hyaline : veins slender, yellowish brown ; areolet not large, but distinct; cubitus
fading out close to the first transverse, but not touching it; second transverse
bent, but not angulated at the base of the broad, open radial area. Length :
body, .13 inch. ; wings, .16 inch. ; antennae, .13 inch.
5. A. (Callirhytis) sac«*ularius n. sp.
Small, heniisplierical, pouch-like galls, attached by their full di-
ameter to the underside of the leaves of Q. coccinea, the largest not
more than three-sixteenths of an inch through. An ordinary ring
net for catching insects will give a good idea of the form of this gall
as seen on the underside of the leaf. The flat upper surface is formed
of the upper lamina of the leaf and is sometimes slightly depressed
below and rarely raised above the general surface of the leaf It
appears on this side as a circular scar whose outline equals the di-
ameter of the gall. The gall w'alls are green like the leaf, and ex-
tremely thin, and in each there is a free, oval larval cell like that of
A. pimdatoides described in this paper, except that it is a short oval,
while the other is very long. I was inclined to consider these two as
identical, but an examination of the only fly, a male, that I have
reared from these galls ; their shaj)e, and the larval cell, and the
position of the galls on the leaves show it to be a distinct species.
I have a number of the galls, and each contains the empty larval
cell, showing that my specimens were gathered too late.
Gall-flies. — Head black, vertex rugose, face hairy with white hairs; antennie
longer than the body, fifteen joints, color reddish brown at the base to dusky
brown at the tip, first short, cup-shaped, second very short, globular, third twice
as long as the first and second, fourth and remaining ones one-half as long as the
third. Thorax black, mesothorax coarsely and unevenly wrinkled, two closely
contiguous parallel lines reach nearly half way to the scutellum, parapsidal
grooves entire, but rather obscure anteriorly; lines over the base of the wings
distinct, and anteriorly nearly uniting with the parapsidal grooves; scutellum
very roughly wrinkled, small ; fovese small. Abdomen small, shining black.
Legs: posterior pair dark reddish brown, lighter at the joints; anterior pairs
lighter, ungues simple. Wings medium size, slightly fuscous, veins dark smoky
brown, all uniformly colored, areolet very small, but very distinct; cubitus
slender towards the first transverse, but touching it; radial area open and rather
broad. Length : body, .10 inch. ; wings, .11 inch. ; antennge, .13 inch.
One male specimen from Connecticut.
6. A. (Callirliytis) seiiiiiiosus n. sp.
Galls. — Hard, woody knots, sometimes terminating the shoots in
a clump of oak sprouts (Q. castanea?), hut oftcner an enlargement
of the base of the small lateral branches. In my specimens the ter-
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 77
minal galls are an inch in diameter and shaped like a strawberry.
The others are about half as large, and of the same shape. All are
more or less uneven on the surface. These are all old galls and the
outer bark has mostly fallen off, and the entire surface is dotted as
thickly as possible with very small, open larval cells. The larger galls
must contain, each, several hundreds of these teuantless cells. The
cells are distinct from the woody fibre in which they are imbedded,
but cannot be separated from it. The galls are easily taken for those
of A. scitula Bass, and such I took them to be until I found that the
insects were very diflferent. ^4. semmosus is a much smaller insect
than A. scitula.
Opening some of the galls I found several gall-flies, but not one
of them is perfect in all its parts. I have the abdomen of one, the
thorax, legs and imperfect wings of another, and the head and an-
tennae of still others, and from these I gather the following charac-
ters :
Gall-flies all females. — Head black ; antemife short, dark honey-yellow, four-
teen joints, the first and third equal ; from the fourth to the thirteenth very
short, the thickness even exceeding the length, the fourteenth longer and cone-
shaped ; mesouotum black, finely punctate, 7iot hairy, the parapsidal and inter-
parapsidal parallel lines exist as faint, hardly discernible depressions ; the dorsal
or median line indistinct, but extending more than half way to the collare ; a
short, deep depression over the base of each wing ; scutellum shining, but irregu-
larly and coarsely wrinkled. The shining fovese are very deep and separated
by an unusually high, narrow ridge. Abdomen black and shining, excej)t the
posterior margins of the terminal segments, which are yellowish brown. Legs
dark reddish brown, ungues simple. Wings so crumpled that a good description
cannot be had, though the veins are faint and the areolet subobsolete. Length
of the body .10 inch.
It differs particularly from A. scitula, the only species that it can
be taken for, in having very large, deep, shining fovese, while A.
scitula has none, and in the fourteen antennal joints and the coarsely
wrinkled scutellum.
I collected the galls in Rockport, Ohio.
7. A. (C'allirhytis) pilula n. sp.
Small, round, thin-shelled galls on the blade of the leaves of Q.
undulata, collected in southern Utah by Mr. Siler. They are usually
situated near the margin of the leaves and always on one of the
principal leaf veins, and project equally above and below the surface.
The average size is only .15 of an inch in diameter. The gulls re-
semble those of Nenroterus ntricula Bass, more nearly than any other
species known to me.
/O H. F. BASSETT.
I found twenty-five or thirty specimens in a box of A. Slleri, and
was so fortunate as to find two of tliem tliat, though perforated, still
contained the gall-flies. These were both females, quite perfect, and
the description that follows will, no doubt, well agree with more re-
cent specimens.
Gall-flies. — Head black; autennte yellowish brown, fourteen joints, tbe first
club-shaped, second nearly as thick as long, third equal to the two precedino; in
length, remaining ones gradually shorter to the last two, which appear as one,
except in a very favorable light; they are, together, longer than the two pre-
ceding. Thorax shining, punctate, parapsidal grooves reach from the collare to
the scutellum and converge posteriorly ; median line reaching from the collai'e to
the scutellum ; fine and even throughout, on the middle of the mesonotum and
between the median line and the parapsidal grooves two short longitudinal de-
pressions; scutellum moderately rugose, fovese large, shallow and widely sepa-
rated. Abdomen shining black, except the clear, brown edges of the segments;
second segment, the sides, etc., with a small, densely hairy spot, that looks like
frost; sheath of the ovipositor extends slightly above the dorsum. Legs reddish
brown, lightest at the joints, ungues simple. Wings hyaline, veins not heavy,
reddish brown, areolet wanting; radial area open, but the second transverse
turns upward a short distance along the margin of the wing as in the inquilines,
but stops abruptly without closing the area. Length of the body .11 inch.
This species, in the prolongation of the sheath of the ovipositor,
the partial closing of the radial area and the obsolete areolet, shows
an approach towards characters seen in the inquilines, and that dis-
tinguish them from the true gall-making Cynipid?e ; still, there are
other characters that make it certain that this is a true gall maker.
8. Andriciis ? IVIexicana n. sp. (galls only)
" Mountain near Guadalajara, Mexico ; on the only large leaved
oak that grows there." This is all I know of this species, except
what I learn from the gall itself. I do not know who collected it,
nor to whom I am indebted for the fine specimens that came to me
in a chip-box a year or two ago. I suspect that my friend, B. Fick-
man Mann, sent them, and that they came from Dr. Palmer's col-
lection.
I have no insects reared from these galls, but they are probably
produced by an Andricus. They are the largest woolly leaf gall
kno^vn to me, measuring more than an inch and a half by an inch
in length and breadth, and more than three-fourths of an inch in
thickness. The color is a rusty yellowish brown. On removing the
long and exceedingly thick, woolly covering from the nucleus, I
found several openings, through which the insects had esca})ed. The
nucleus is rather hard, and has, internally, a vitrified or crystalline
appearance.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 79
The larvie are imbedded in this and have no larval cell separable
from it. The galls are sessile ou the midvein, on the upper surface
of the leaf, and the point of attachment extends along the vein one-
fourth of an inch.
The leaves of the oak are very large, measuring more than six
inches in width, and the species is probably Q. crassifolia, at least
the leaves agree with the description and illustration of this species
as given in Humboldt and Bonpland's " Plantes Equinoctiales."
9. D. (Callirliytes) Clarkei n. sp.
Small, black polythalamous galls. The sterile flowers of Q. ilici-
folia transformed into galls in such countless numbers as to make
the aments look like elongated blackberries. The largest gall I have
found measured .11 of an inch in diameter and contained four larval
cavities. Most of them are considerably smaller, having from one
to three cavities, and measuring from .05 to .08 inch.
Small as these galls are, and short and early as their season is, at
least two-thirds of them contain at this writing (November, 1889)
living parasitic larvse. In most cases nearly every flower has been
transformed into a gall, though in a few the galls are sparingly in-
termixed with the flowers.
At the time the galls were received, early last spring, no flies had
made their appearance, but they came out in considerable numbers
during the month of May. They are all females, and are described
as follows :
Gall-flies. — Head, thorax and legs very dark brownish red. The head mi-
nutely punctate : antennje thirteen jointed, first joint club-shaped, second very
short, oval, third slender and a very little longer than the two preceding; fourth,
and remaining, to the eleventh gradually shorter; the twelfth and thirteenth so
closely connate as to appear as one very long joint, the stiture only visible in a
favorable light, the thirteenth joint long, and with a false suture close to the
end; mesothorax finely punctate; two short, parallel lines from the collare, a
very .short median line from the scutellum, parapsidal grooves extending from the
collare to the scutellum and moderately converging on the latter; line over the
base of each wing, all these present, but less prominent than usual; scutellum
rugose, fovese present, but very small. Abdomen dark, shining, second segment
very long and covering the terminal ones in most dry specimens. Legs more
dusky red, and tarsi paler than the parts above, ungues black, one-toothed.
Wings hyaline, veins almost entirely colorless ; areolet absent, the cubitus sub-
obsolete, radial area open, the second transverse vein ends abruptly before reach-
ing the margin of the wing. Length : body, .07 inch. ; wings, .08 inch. ; antennae,
.06 inch.
From Miss Cora A. Clarke, Jarnaica Plain, Mass.
80 H. F. BASSETT.
ANDRICUN Hartig.
1. A. cicatricula Basselt.
Cynips cicatricula (gall) Bassett, Cau. Ent. xiii, p. 101.
I described the gall of this species in 1882 and published it in the
" Canadian Entomologist" of that year, but found that the gall-flies,
of which 1 had reared a large number, were I'uined by dampness.
I here republish the descrii)tion of the gall and add a description of
the gall-flies.
" Polythalamous galls on the midvein of the leaves of Quercus
alba never more than one on a leaf, and situated sometimes at the
base, but usually from one-fourth to one-half way from the base,
rarely above the middle. They project one-third below and two-
thirds above the surface of the leaf; they are rounded on the under
and cone-shaped on the upper surface of the leaf. The gall is solid
and somewhat fibrous, and in its shorter diameter measures about
one-half inch, and in the longer from five- to seven-eights of an inch.
The larval cells radiate in all directions from the centre of the gall
and are quite numerous. There is, at or near the summit of the
cone, a small scar or indentation, which is always present, and so
characteristic as to suggest the name I have given to the species."
Gall-flies. — Male. — Head black, vertex microscopically reticulated : antennse
lontr, with fifteen distinct joints, first and second dark reddish brown, remainder
light, shining yellowish brown, first joint short, heavy, second short, ovoid:
third one-fourth longer than the first two, slightly curved, but scarcely incised ;
fourth to the fourteenth subequal and each as long as the first and second taken
together, last short, cone-shaped. Thorax black, shining ; niesothorax rounded
and with regular transverse reticulations; two short, faint parallel lines; parap-
sidal grooves entire, slender and almost parallel, but slightly convergent towards
the scutellum ; scutellum finely rugose, foveffi large, shining. Abdomen small,
the first segment longer and more plainly seen than usual, second very long,
nearly round, polished, black, only the edge of the remaining ones visible. Legs :
posterior pair dark brown with pale joints, the anterior pairs light reddish brown,
ungues two-toothed. Whigs hyaline, veins slender, first and second transverse
and the submargiual brown, the rest nearly or quite colorless; areolet small,
distinct; cubitus disappearing half way to the first transverse, radial area open
and of medium width. Length: body, .07 inch.; wings, .10 inch.; antennae,
.08 inch.
Female. — Head and thorax as in the male; antennae with thirteen joints of a
clear light brown color, growing somewhat dusky in the last few joints Abdo-
men shining black, excei)t the venter, which is a clear translucent brown ; second
segment long, broad; sheath of the ovipositor extends above the dorsum as in
A. operator O. S., and in all the species that belong to the inquilinous genus
Ceroptes. Lej/s ail dark reddish brown. TFijigfs as in the male. Length : body,
.10 inch. ; wings, .12 inch. ; antennte, .07 incli.
Connecticut.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 81
2. A. speciosuis n. sp.
I have not been able to determine the sjiecies of oak which pro-
duces these galls. They were sent me by Mrs. E. H. King, of Najja
City, Cal.
Globular galls growing on the underside of oak leaves (I have one
leaf with a gall on the uppersidej. The largest specimens are three-
fourths of an inch in diameter and the smallest less than half that
size. The galls of ordinary size are covered with short, blunt horns
to the number of fifty or sixty, while the smallest have as few as ten
or twenty. The entire gall is, when fully matured, of a delicate
pink color, though in some of the smaller specimens this is almost
wanting. The walls of the galls are thick, of a shining crystalline
character, enclosing a scarcely separable larval cell, and showing
traces of pink lines beneath the surface.
Both galls and gall-flies are among the most beautiful I have ever
seen. The insects that I have (fifteen in number) were all cut out
of the galls, but were living at the time, and continued alive for
several days.
They probably live in the galls through the winter, and, as they
are all females, they belong to the class of agamous species.
Gall-flies. — ifearZ dark brownish red, cheeks with a broad furrow; antennit
black, short, with fourteeu joints, the first and second subeqnal, the tliird one-
fourth hjuger than the first two taken together, the fourth equal to the first two,
the fifth, sixth and seventh gradually shorter, the seventh to the fourteenth very
short, all somewhat hairy. Thorax black, and rather sparsely covered with mi-
croscopic hairs; the surface presents an extremely fine crackled appearance;
two broad and smooth parallel lines from the coUare half way to the scutellum ;
parapsidal grooves deep and rapidly converging towards the scutellum and the
furrows over the base of the wings deep and nniting with the parapsides before the
latter reach the collar e ; scutellum dull black from the light hairs, and the moder-
ately rugose surface ; foveas large, and, like the rest of the surface, rugose. Legs
black and shining beneath the sparse, short, white hairs ; ungues two-toothed.
Abdomen small, shining, black with the sheath of the ovipositor shading from
dark to light amber, and a few microscopic hairs on the anterior half of the
second segment. Wings c\ea,r, with minute hairs ; veins clear, dark brown, almost
black; areolet present, but very small; cubitus slender and of uniform size
throughout, second transverse with an angle in the base of the short, broad and
open radial area, a bright red spot in the centre of the lower half of the marginal
and the snhmarginal cells; that in the marginal the brightest. Length: body,
.12 inch.; wings, .16 inch.; antennte, .10 inch.
.3. A.? iii«li!$tiiictii»$ n. sp.
Small, round galls attached by a broad base to the small twigs of
Q. alba. Smooth when fresh, but the dry galls are wrinkled and
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (11) MARCH, 1890.
82 H. F. BASSETT..
closely resemble pepper corns. The diameter of fresh galls is about
three-sixteenths, while the dry ones are about one-eighth of an inch.
They contain no true larval cell, separable from the gall walls, which
are thin and of a loose texture. They are monothalamous, and the
insects were nearly mature in October when they were gathered and
came out before the next spring. Their coming out was probably
hastened by the warmth of the room in Avhich they were kept. I
found them in northern Ohio in 1885 ; they seem to be extremely
rare, I having found them on one occasion only and then only seven
or eight individuals. From these I reared three female gall-flies,
which are described as follows:
Gall-flies. — Head dull brownish black, the brownish hue only discernible in
a strong light, and most apparent on the face and cheeks; a few scattered haii'S
on the vertex; antennie dusky brownish black, slender, thirteen jointed, second
joint short, globose, the third one-fourth longer than the first and second taken
together, and the fourth equaling them in length, remaining ones nearly equal,
and the terminal so closely joined that counting them is a difficult matter.
Thorax Uavk, somewhat hairy, but not evenly so; parapsidal grooves distinct
towards the scutellum, but disappearing before reaching the collare; the two
parallel lines on the anterior half of the mesonotum extremely faint, but smooth
and shining; scutellum hoary, with suberect yellowish hairs, foveas indistinct.
Abdomen black, first segment short, second long, rather densely hairy on the
sides; anteriorly the abdomen is compressed, truncate posteriorly and concealing
almost wholly the remaining segments; ovipositor exserted, the sheath hairy at
the tip. Legs brownish red ; ungues two-toothed. Wings with a faint smoky
tinge, large; veins distinct, but not heavy, brownish red; areolet medium size,
the veins bounding it, except the second transverse, very slender; cubitus not
quite reaching the first transverse, radial area open, rather narrow. Length :
body, .12 inch.; wings, .12 inch.; antennae, .11 inch.
4. A. llowertoni n. sp.
Galls. — Woody, club-like enlargements of the tips of the twigs
one of the New Mexican oaks, species uncertain. They bear some
resemblance to the galls of A. clavida Bass, and A. similis Bass.
When green they are covered with leaves even more completely than
the first named well-known species, and these and their large stipules
still adhere to the dried galls. They are nionothalamous, the en-
closed larval chamber is not free, and is placed near the base of the
gall and immediately above it is a much larger, irregular open space,
through which the insect passes in leaving the gall. The galls are
rather irregular in shape, but when green are probably about three-
fourths by one-half inch in diameter. In some specimens the gall
does not wholly retard the axis of growth, and short, leafy stems
project out of it.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 83
By cutting open the galls I have secured a perfectly developed fly
of the female sex. The description is as follows :
Gall-fly.— Entire insect a very dark reddish brown, clear, but not shining,
the head lightest. Antennse somewhat du-sky, thirteen joints, first and second
short, third one-half longer than the fourth, the remaining joints short, except
the thirteentli, which shows an indistinct suture. Thorax darker than the head
and easily taken for a dull black on account of the short, evenly disposed and
closely appressed hairs that cover it and the scutellum ; parapsidal grooves nar-
row and indistinct, hidden in the hairs; lines over the base of tiie wings more
distinct, intermediate ridges quite imperceptible. Abdomen smooth and polished,
second segment very long and with a few scattered hairs on the sides near the
base. Le^s dark red, somewhat paler at the joints; ungues two-toothed. Wings
hyaline, veins pale brown; areolet small, cubitus indistinct: radial area open.
Length : body, .12 inch. ; wings, .13 inch. ; antennse, .08 inch.
Received from Mr. W. J. Howerton.
^5. A. Maxwelli n. sp.
Galls polythahimous, but rarely containing more than half a
dozen larviB. Globular or oval, though sometimes somewhat irreg-
ular in shape. From three-eighths to five-eights of an inch in di-
ameter, yellowish brown to dark brown, mostly smooth and shining,
but some of ray specimens are slightly rough and opaque. Inter-
nally, of a soft pith-like cellular tissue and without distinct larval
cells.
I received these galls many years ago from Mr. W. R. Maxwell,
of Palestine, Texas, but did not learn from what species of oak they
were collected, nor whether they were leaf or twig galls, though they
are probably the latter.
Gall-flies. — Male. — Head and thorax black and shining, with an approach to
very dark, reddish brown when seen in strong light, beautifully and evenly, but
very finely punctate on the vertex and the entire mesonotuni ; antennae fifteen
jointed, the first and second joints short, subequal, third a little longer than the
two preceding taken together, club-shaped, slightly curved and incised, all the
remaining joints gradually shortening and tapering to the end ; mesonotum with
two fine parallel lines extending half way from the collare to the scutellum, and
a median dorsal line rather more than half way from the scutellum to the collare ;
parapsidal grooves very fine, smooth and shining and less convergent than usual ;
the lines usually found over the base of the wings are, in this species, reduced to
short, oval indentations ; scutellum dull opaque black, and finely rugose, the
foveiE widely separated, polislied, large, but not deep. Abdomen with slight
tinge of brown, second segment very long, almost concealing the remaining ones.
Leqs a uniform brownish yellow, but a shade darker than the antennie, ungues
two-toothed. Winas hyaline, veins distinct, first transverse rather heavy and
almost black; areolet small, cubitus pale, reaching the first transverse, second
transverse angulated at the base of the open radial area, and the stump of a vein
almost always present at the point of this angle very prominent in this species,
and the second transverse vein stops suddenly before reaching the margin of the
wing. Length: body, .11 inch. ; wings. .12 inch.
84 H. r. BASSETT.
Female. — Head and thorax very dark brownisb red, punctation same as in
the male; antennse tliirteen joints, a shade darker than the male; the mesono-
tum differs from the male as follows: there is no median line and the grooves
over the base of the wings extend qnite to the base of the scutellum, which is
wrinkled rather than rugose and the fovese less polished and less widely sepa-
rated. Abdomen shining, and of the same dark red as the thorax. Legs darker
than the male. Wings show no difference ; ungues two-toothed, placing it iu the
genus Andricus. Length of the body .12 inch. ; wings, 14 inch.
Described from twelve specimens reared in April, 1877.
ACRASPIS Mayr.
1. A. macrocarpae n. sp.
Gall perfectly oval in form, .15 of an inch in length by .12 in
thickness. Generally found on the lateral veins on the underside of
the leaves of Quercus macrocarpa, but occasionally found on the
upperside. They are attached lengthwise to the vein and the point
of attachment is .10 inch. long. The hole made by the escaping
gall-fly is invariably on the end towards the base of the vein, but
this is not always the case with the parasites that infest this species.
The surface presents a crackled appearance, fine lines dividing it
into a large number of facets, each of which is crowned with a short
hard point. The facets are angular in outline, and with from three
to six unequal sides ; they are never rectangular and the prevailing
fio-ure is an irregular pentagon. The color, when young, like that
of the leaf There is no free larval cell for the single larva and the
space between the outer and inner surface of the gall is filled with
a hard, crystalline, ])inkish substance.
Twenty to twenty-five galls are sometimes found on a single leaf,
but usually the number is much smaller.
The gall-flies are all females, with rudimentary wings ; they leave
the galls in the autunui, but their further history has not been traced.
Gall-flies. Hedd black ; antennse with fourteen joints, black, long and slen-
der, first joint ovate, second small, oval : third twice as long as the two preceding
taken together: the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh, each gradually shorter; re-
maining ones short and subequal ; face and cheeks hairy. Thorax grayish by
reason of the short, appressed hairs; mesonotum very short, parapsidal grooves
are present, but obscured by the hairs; scutellum comparatively large and ele-
vated posteriorly and nearly as long as the mesonotum. Wings veinless, narrow
scales as long as the entire thorax. Abdomen black, compressed laterally, and the
sides of the second, third, fourth and fifth segments covered with short appressed
hairs ; dorsal and ventral parts and the terminal segments smooth, shiuing black.
Legs dark brown; ungues two-toothed. Length: body, .11 inch.; antennae,
.10 inch.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 85
I have collected these galls in northern Ohio and in St. Lawrence
County, N. Y., and have received specimens from Mr. C. P. Gillette
that were found in Michigan and Iowa. Those collected by myself
grew on Q. macrocarpa.
2. .4. politus u. sp.
Gall-flies. — Entire insect black. Head smooth, shining; antennfe with four-
teen distinct joints; first large, club-shaped, second oblong-ovate, third as long
as the first and second taken together, fourth two-thirds as long as the third,
remaining ones rather short. Thorax very small, smooth and shining: scutellum
minute, short and apparently without fovea"; the usual rudimentary wings are
absent. Legs brownish black and shining, except the tarsi, which are dusky and
nearer brown than black. Length .07 inch.
Two specimens sent me by Dr. C. V. Riley, who received them
from J. G. Barlow, of Washington County, Mo. I have no galls,
and am not informed whether they were captured at large or reared
from galls.
It is the smallest species known to me, and is closely allied to the
genus Biorhiza.
AMPHIBOLIPS Eeinh.
1. A. C'aroliniensis n. sp.
The galls belong to the oak-apple family, and much resemble those
of A. sponglfica O. S. and A. eocinncB O. S., but the surface is more
coarsely reticulated and less glossy, and intei'nally the spongy mass
surrounding the larval cell is of a much darker color. The shell is
also much thinner, and, in my dried specimens, is irregularly shrunken
and depressed, until they look like pressed figs.
I am not sure as to the species of oak on which they grew, but the
few immature leaves that came with the galls seem to be those of Q.
obtusiloba. The galls are attached to the midvein near the base of
the leaf and prevent its development beyond the point of attach-
ment ; they are as large as those of A. spongifica, and differ widely
from A. chierea described by Mr. Ashmead.
The single female gall-fly in my collection very closely resembles
the two scarcely separable s{)ecies just mentioned, but the head and
thorax are black, while in those they are very dark brownish red.
The parapsidal grooves are scarcely recognizable in the sculpturing,
which is coarser than in the two species just named. The legs are a
shade darker than the clear reddish brown of those and the abdomen
has the same shining reddish brown, but the second segment is con-
.siderably shorter than in those. The wings are a shade less fuscous,
the first transverse vein more distinctly defined, and the dark cloud
in the base of the open radial area smaller and not involving the
86 H. F. BASSETT.
small areolet, tlK)Ugh reaching quite to it on the anterior side ; un-
gues two-toothed. Length : body, .21 inch. ; wings, .21 inch, (the
antennae broken.)
I received this species from Mr. M. E. Hyams, of Statesville, N. C
2. A. Palnieri u. sp.
Two or three years ago I received from Mr. B. Pickman Mann a
very large oak apple gall which he had received from Dr. Edward
Palmer. It was written upon as follows: " Summit of Sierra Madre,
Chihuahua, Mexico. Winter 1885-86, Dr. Edward Palmer."
It was the largest oak apple gall I had ever seen, and I kept it
very carefully, hoping to rear an insect from it, but none appeared.
On this New Year's morning, 1890, I ventured to cut open the
precious gall, and was rewarded by finding in it the largest gall-fly
I have ever seen. The fly had eaten its way out of the larval cell,
and to the outside shell, but becoming discouraged, it had backed its
way into the cell again and died. In forcing itself back one of its
wings had been turned towards the head and so remained.
It gives me very great pleasure to dedicate this remarkable species
to the discoverer. Dr. Edward Palmer.
Gall. — This immen.se monothalamous gall is of a light yellowish
brown color, round, and measuring two and three-fourths inches in
diameter. The slightly uneven surface is polished and shining;
the shell is thin, but firm, and the interior of a soft, uniform, spongy
consistence throughout. The color is yellowish brown to almost
white at the centre ; the larval cell is oval, and measures three-
eighths by five-sixteenths in diameter, and is one-sixteenth of an
inch thick. The spongy substance immediately surrounding it is no
more dense than in other parts.
Gall-fly.— Female. — Entire body black. Head: face unevenly wrinkled, ver-
tex and thorax deeply and irregularly wrinkled ; antennae black, very short,
thirteen jointed, first joint heavy, second short, third one-half longer than first
and second together, fourth one-half as long as the th'rd, the remaining short to
the last, which is a little longer than the twelfth ; mesonotum, two obscure par-
allel lines, and a line over the base of each wing and the faint parapsidal grooves
can only be seen in a side light, and they scarcely interrupt the general rugosity
of the surface; scutellum even more coarsely wrinkled than the other parts and
unique, in that it is considerably broader in the middle than on the anterior side
and is not only truncate posteriorly, but is really emarginate ; fovese large, rough,
with a low irregular line separating them and a high ridge bounding them later-
ally, the whole polished and shining. Abdomen black, second segment occupies
one-half of the whole, anterior half of this segment smooth and shining, and
with a few scattered hairs, the posterior half and the visible parts of the remain-
ing segments, all of which can be seen, distinctly and beautifully reticulated or
NORTH AMERICAN HYMKNOPTERA. Ql
punctate, except a very narrow polished band on the margin of each. Legs l)lack,
shining and with a few scattered hairs. Wings dark, smoky brown, a very dark
brown cloud covers the areolet and the lower half of the radial area ; beyond
this and extending across the radial area and almost to the posterior margin is a
light, nearly colorless spot, and the anterior margin from the dark, broad, first
transverse vein to a short distance beyond the second transverse is of the same
light color, the tip of the wing beyond the light spot is of the same dark smoky
hue as below this spot ; the areolet well defined, but very small ; radial area open,
large and broad. Length : body, .27 inch. ; wings, .24 inch. ; antenna;, .13 inch.
NEITROTERUS Hartig.
1. ]V. Favostis u. sp.
Flattened, polythalamous galls on the leaves of Quercus tinctoria
varying in latei'al diameter from one-fourth to almost an inch ; they
project from both surfaces of the leaf, but more ])rominently from
the upper surface; their vertical diametei' is not more than one-
fourth of an inch. The upper and under surfaces, especially the
first, bear a very close resemblance to a honey-comb. This resem-
blance is more striking after the insects have left, when the u])per
surface is literally full of holes. In general appearance they resem-
ble the galls of iV^. laajalls Bass., but when green they are less suc-
culent, and when dry they are of an extremely hard, ligneous tex-
ture, while the others are soft and pith like. I collected old galls in
September, 1888, from a single oak tree in Rockport, Ohio. This
year my nephew, Charles Nichols, collected a large quantity from
the same tree, and from them I have reared a large number of gall-
flies. These are of both sexes, and are described as follows :
Gall-flies. — Male. — Head broader than the thorax, black, shining; cheeks
with indistinct furrows; antennse fifteen jointed, first dark brown, second
lighter, and the remaining ones light yellowish brown ; the first and second
oblong oval, and nearly the same length ; the third slightly longer than both the
preceding, club-shaped and curved, but only slightly incised, remaining joints
of uniform length and but a little shorter than the third, the whole exceeding
by two or three joints the entire length of the body. Thorax black and shining,
liut a powerful magnifier reveals a finely and evenly crackled surface ; parapsidal
grooves apparent posteriorly, but soon disappearing; by the deeply incurved pos-
terior margin of the mesothorax the scutellum has a rounded outline; furrow of
moderate depth and fovese subobsolete: surface of the scutellum same as the
mesothorax. Abdomen small, black and shining, second segment in dry speci-
mens almost concealing the remaining ones, but in the living insect the terminal
ones are visible and form a cone-like termination to the abdomen. Legs light
brown, somewhat darker in the middle of the femur and tibia: claws simple.
Wings of moderate size, hyaline, but when in a certain light they show a faint
steel-blue reflection ; this is more noticeable where several hundred specimens
are seen together; veins slender, brown, fading to colorless lines; areolet want-
ing. Length: body, .05 inch. ; wings, .05 inch.; antenna^, .06 inch.
Female. — Head pale brown, shading to black on the posterior margin of the
vertex; antennae shorter than the body, pale yellowish brown, growing dusky
00 H. F. BASSETT.
towards the end ; first and second joints sliort, globose, the third very slender;
the rest gradually thicker to the last. Thorax black, less shining and more
coarsely crackled than in the male; the parapsidal grooves less distinct, and the
scutellum less smooth than the male. Abdomen black, shining; the second seg-
ment longer than the remaining ones, but not concealing them. Leqs dark
brown, with paler joints. Wings hyaline, with the steel reflections noticed in
the male ; veins more distinct, areolet small, generally but not always present;
radial area broader and shorter than in most of the gall-making Cynipidge; the
ovipositor is often seen fully exserted in the dry specimens, and is four or five
times the length of the body. Length : body, .08 inch. ; wings, .08 inch. ; an-
tennte, .05 inch.
As other oaks of this species in this vicinity yielded no galls of
this sort it may be that this colony is sporadic, and that its true
habitat has not been discovered.
2. N. pallidum u. sp.
Galls in dense clusters at or near the end of the anients of Q.
bicolor, but seldom found on the basal half of the flower stems. It
is safe to call them monothalamous, thoug-h now and then a ffall is
found that contains two larval cavities. The galls are of a fine, soft
cellular consistence, easily crushed in the fingers, and contain no
separate larval cell. They are of a pale, faded wood color and
smooth, and unevenly globular. They seem to be free from the at-
tacks of parasites, for among thousands of galls I fail t(5 find a single
one.
The flies mature earlier than the two s})ecies already described
as found on the sterile flowers of the oak, for, when found, the insects
had gone with the exception of a few belated ones, from which I have
made the following description. They are of both sexes.
Gall-flies. — Female. — Head, except the dark eyes, almost colorless in some
specimens, or at most of a pallid yellowish brown, and in others dark brown to
a shining black on the vertex. Legs and the first three joints of the antennse
same color and semi-transparent; antennje thirteen jointed, the first and second
not differing much in form and size, both rather large, third long, pale, remain-
ing changing gradually to a dusky brown ; mesothorax smooth, shining through-
out; scutellum also smooth and shining, fovete wanting. Le^fs almost colorless,
except a slight brownish tinge in the femur ; ungues black, simple. Abdomen
black, the diameter from the dorsum to the venter considerably more than the
length. Wings large, hairy, veins dark and distinct, areolet of medium size,
cubitus slender and reaching quite to the first transverse, radial area long, nar-
row, open. Length : body, .06 inch. ; wings. .08 antennse, .05 inch. ; these meas-
urements are from dry specimens and probably rather too small.
Male throughout of the same pallid hue seen in the antennae, and legs of the
female; antennte fifteen jointed, otherwise as in the female. Abdomen small,
briefly petiolate and the posterior dorsal portion darker than any other part of
the body. Wings do not diff'er from those of the female.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 81)
3. 1^. pallipes ii. sp.
Galls small, monothalamous, variously situated on the stem and
principal veins of very young white oak leaves, dwarfing and dis-
torting them, and densely covered and often nearly hidden in their
pubescence. They are oval, thin walled, and only large enough to
contain the larva of the small gall-fly.
I have forty male and female insects of this species, hut there is
only one, a female, whose antennoe remains unbroken.
Gall-flies. — Both sexes are black and shining; the female anteiinai with thir-
teen joints, and, like most of this genus, the first two joints very large, short,
almost globose, and the rest long and slender; they are pale brown at the base,
growing dusky towards the tips; the third joint is scarcely longer than the
fourth ; the male abdomen long, petiolated ; the winjjs of both sexes large; the
veins distinct, but not heavy ; areolet large, and bounded by very slender veins,
cubitus reaching the tirst transverse vein, radial area open, long and narrow ; the
legs in the female almost colorless, and in the male brown or brownish in the
middle of the tibia and femur only. Length : body, .05 inch. ; wings, .06 inch.
The insects differ materially from N. utrimda Bass., though the
galls resemble those quite nearly.
This species was received from Miss Cora A. Clarke, to whom I
am indebted for several other very interesting species.
4. IV. politus n. sp.
The galls are developed on the midvein of the leaves Q. undulata ?
and are three-fourths of an inch long and half as thick. They are
polythalamous ; larval cells perpendicular to the surface of the leaf.
They might easily be taken for galls of Andricus nigne, A. tinnifica
and other species found on the midvein of oak leaves, but the insects
are distinct from any produced from similar galls.
Gall-fly. — Male. — Head black ; anteunse fourteen jointed, first and second
joints pale yellow, remaining ones yellowish brown, all very slender. Thorax
without furrows or grooves; thorax and abdomen black and very smooth ; scu-
telluni separated from the mesothorax by a smooth, shining furrow; a few scat-
tered hairs on the posterior half of the scutellum. Abdomen long petiolated,
second segment small, the remaining ones very small. Legs pale yellow. Wings
large, veins brown, slender, the cubitus reaching the first transverse and of ecjual
size throughont, areolet very small, radial area large, long and open.
My few specimens, cut from the galls, are too imperfect to furnish
a more complete description. One of them, apparently a female, is
considerably larger and with darker antennse and legs, but I will
not attempt a description from it.
The galls were found with those of Andricus Sileri from southern
Utah.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (12) MAKCH, 1890.
90 H. F. BASSETT.
r>. IV. Howertoni n. sp.
Galls. — Minute blotches showing on both sides of the leaves of
an oak (species unknown to me) found in New Mexico. They are
a little less than .05 of an inch by .03 in diameter. I have only two
leaves on which these galls occur, the largest, one inch by three-
eighths, and on this there are eighteen galls, and they are by no
means crowded. There is no free larval cell, and the gall walls are
very thin. It is covered with the same pubescence as the rest of the
leaf. On the upperside the color is a dull brown, beneath it is the
same as the leaf. The insects perforate the gall on the underside.
Eight minute parasites were found in the box containing the galls
and one true gall-fly. Six galls were perforated, but the insects had
not been able to esciape. I removed three of these dead flies and
from the four more or less imperfect specimens get the following
description :
Gall-flies all females. Head black; auteiinse fourteen jointed? (I am not
((uite sure as to the nnmher of the joints); first and second of equal length,
short and both very thick ; the second thicker than long; remaining joints ex-
tremely slender and all pale yellowish brown, changing to dusky in the last six
or seven joints. Thorax black, shining; scutellum less shining. Abdomen
shining brown or black, compressed ; ovipositor in all my specimens exserted and
extending forward to the tip of the scutellum. Legs: middle of the femur and
tibia dark shining brown or black, with pale joints; tarsi pale yellow. Wings
not fully expanded, but showing pale brown veins, a large areolet, long radial
area and the cubitus reaching only halfway to the first transverse vein. Length
of the body not quite .05 inch.
Named for Mr. W. J. Howerton, the discoverer.
.\ri..4X Hartig.
Hartig, who founded this genus, wrote '' Ayla.r' (Germar's Ent.
Zeitschrift, II, pp. 186 and 195-96, and III, pp. 342-48), but changed
the orthography to Aulux without remark in Vol. IV, p. 413, of the
same work. Baron Osten Sacken places a parasitic species reared
1)V him from the galls of Cynips {Ayidricus) futilis O. S. hesitatingly
in this genus (adopting the name as first written), and later adds
two other species, A. pirafa and A. sylvestris also reared from oak
galls. All these have since been removed to the closely related
genus Peridistis, and it was left to Mr. W. H. Ashraead to describe
the first American species that really belongs to this genus. His
Aulax HitrriiKjtoni is described in the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XIV, p.
146.
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 91
To this I liei'e add two uew species, both i-eared from species of
Lactuca or Mulgediiim (either L. Canadensis or M. leucophaeum I
cannot determine which witliout the leaves and flowers of the plants)
and both belonging to that section of the genus which Hartig has
designated as gall producers, "^'hey are all gall makers as distin-
guished from true Inquilines, but they do not, in all cases, produce
galls as the following descriptions will show :
1. \. podagrte n. sp.
The long, hollow stalks of Lactuca? Canadensis are often covered
in the upper half for a considerable distance with rounded swellings
of greater or less extent, that on being oi)eiied are found to contain
numerous Cynipidous larvte. The insects produced from these larvae
all have a closed radial area, and, without careful study, I placed
them among the inquilinous species, and went on rearing insects in
the hope of sometime finding the true gall-maker.
I found that the larvte did not all live in the galls, but that the
pith of the stalks w^as full of larvae even where there were no indi-
cations of a gall. Sometimes the pith would contain larvae several
feet above and below the sfiace where galls were to be seen.
The galls occur at the leaf nodes, where the ligneous walls of the
stalk are thickest, and it may be that the eggs laid between the nodes
are placed quite below the ligneous or fibrous part, and that the
j)oisou of the sting is inert in the purely cellular portion.
I offer this as a conjecture only, having no j)roof that this is the
true explanation of a very curious fact.
These insects evidently belong to the genus Aida.r, and, as above
remarked, to the gall-making division.
The gall of A. podagrce is sufficiently described above, and the
desci'iption of the fly is as follows:
Gall-flies. Female. — //earf black, vertex finely reticulated or punctate; an-
tennae dark brownish red, thirteen joints, first long and club-shaped, second one-
half as long, and the third only equal to the first in length, remaining equal and
slightly less in length than the third. Thorax black, mesonotum with a few-
scattered hairs and with minute, transverse lines or wrinkles, two lines reaching
half way to the scutellum, a median line, broad at its origin on the scutelluni,
but disappearing half way to the collare, parapsidal grooves entire, lines over the
base of the wings; all these very slender, but distinct, and shining; the collare
in this as in the species next described, very broad ; scutellum- rugose, fovese very
large and rugulose. Abdomen black, polished, second segment twice as long as
the third, and both forming nearly the entire abdomen ; feet the same color as
the antennae, deep brownish red. Wings hyaline, but showing, iu a favorable
light, a slight irridescence ; veins dark, and of nearly uniform size, areolet me-
dium size and well defined ; radial area broad, closed. Length : body. .10 inch. ;
wing.s, .10 inch. ; antenna^ .10 incli.
92 H. F. BASSETT.
Male. — The male differs only in the usual sexual variations, viz., the antenna;
fourteen jointed, the third joint curved and incised, the smaller abdomen and
the smaller size.
Among the thousands of this species that are in my collection not
more than one-tenth are males.
2. A. tutnidu»$ n. sp.
Galls. — Swellings of the main stalks of that variety of Lactuca
that is found in old and dry fields. They are commonly near the
summit of the stalk, often in the panicle itself, and then covered with
the short flower stems. They vary greatly in size from slight, knotty
and irregular enlargements of the stalk to large and more or less
regularly ovate galls two or three inches long and an inch in diam-
eter. The larvae are imbedded in the soft pith that usually nearly
or quite fills the galls. They can hardly he said to have larval cells,
though a thin transparent coating lines the cavity in which each one
lies. They are polythalamous, though far less prolific than the spe-
cies just described.
These galls attracted my attention many years ago, but I not only
confounded them with the species last described, but consigned them
both so the subfamily Inquilime, because of the closed radial area in
the wings of the imagos.
Gall-flies. — Female. — Head and thorax black; antenupe translucent brown at
the base to dusky brown at the end, thirteen jointed, the first joint short and
small, the third, fourth, fifth and sixth equal, remainder gradually shorter to the
thirteenth, which is long, and shows an indistinct annulatiou ; facial ridge broad
and high, vertex finely and sharply reticulated ; the head is more decidedly snb-
qiiadrate than that of ony other species known to me in the whole family of the
Cynipidje. Thorax, like the vertex, sharply reticulated ; collare very broad ;
pleuriB beautifully striate ; parallel lines on the raesothorax short, and so indfs-
tinct, as to be seen only in the most favorable light; median line short and nar-
row ; parapsidal grooves very narrow, and almost parallel until close to the sen-
tellum, where they converge: lines from the scutelhun towards the base of the
wings are not heavy, but quite distinct; the short, closely appressed, microscopic
hairs on the thorax give to it a silky appearance and obscure somewhat the
beautiful reticulation beneath ; scutellum slightly rugose and with somewhat
coarser microscopic hairs; fovese large, shallow, not smooth. ^-Ifirfomen shining,
semi-translucent brown, second segment of moderate length, and with a small,
den.se tuft of hairs far down on the sides of the anterior margin, and easily over-
looked ; in some specimens a few hairs are seen over a much larger portion of
this segment; third segment a little shorter than the second, and the remaining
ones quite narrow. Legs dark reddish brown ; ungues simple. Wings with a
faint smoky tinge, veins yellowish brown, not heavy, areolet wanting, cubitus
reaching two-thirds of the distance to the first transverse, radial area closed.
Length : body, .14 inch.; anteuuie, .10 inch.: wings, .12 inch.
Male. — Black, except the legs and autenufe ; antennje fourteen joints, third
short curved and incised ; all dark brownish red, legs yellowish brown. Length :
bodv, .12 inch. ; wings, .12 inch.; antenuie, .11 inch.
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NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 93
THE PHV€ITID^ OF IVORTH A9IEKICA.
BY GEO. D. HULST.
The object of this paper is to give a compilation of what has been
published upon the Phycitidse of North America, together with what
has been learned by personal investigation and study.
In the study of the family several difficulties have presented
themselves :
First. Nearly three- fourths of all the types of the species are in
European Museums, and nearly or quite half in private collections.
Second. The material f(»r study has been comparatively small.
The species have been less collected than in any other family of the
Lepidoptera. No one has given them systematic and careful study,
and no means have existed for the determination of species. Col-
lections are few, very incomplete, and almost entirely without names
for the insects by chance gathered together.
Third. The literature upon the subject while not voluminous, is
very fragmentary, and is found in large part in various foreign peri-
odicals, and in privately printed and circulated foreign papers.
I have, however, been able to give personal study to the greater
part of the species, and I hope whatever be the incompleteness of
this paper, that it will serve to stimulate interest and study in the
family, and make it possible for Americans to know a little more of
this hitherto neglected portion of the fauna of this country.
The Phycitidffi are a family of moths belonging to the super-family
Pyralidte. The hind wings have three internal veins, and the familv
is thus separated from the Macrolepidoptei'a. None of the internal
veins of the fore nor hind wings are furcate at the base, the cilia of
the hind wings are comparatively short, and the.'^c wings never lan-
ceolate, and in one or more of these distinctions the family is sepa-
rated from the Galleriidte, Tortricidse and Tineidfe. The maxillary
palpi di) not lie closely on the porrect labial palpi, or are not broadly
scale tufted, and the family is thus separated from the Crambida?.
The lower median vein of the hind wings has a pectination of long
hairs at and near the base above, and the family is thus separated
from the Pvralididtie.
94 GEO. D. HITLST.
The family is one of considerable extent, comprising, in the world,
about one thousand species. Of these about two hundred ai'e from
the North American fauna. It is probable, however, that not half
of our species have as yet been described.
The Phycitidfe were originally included, by Linnaeus, under the
group Phalena Tinea. Fabricius (Ent. Sys. Sup. p. 463, 1798) first
gave a distinctive name to the group calling it Phycis. This name
was, however, given to a group of fishes by Artedi in 1788. I am
informed by Dr. Hagen that the name " Phycis' was a|)plied again
to a group of fishes by Waldbaura in 1792, so the name was preoc-
cupied. Curtis (Brit. Ento. 1828, p. 238), recognizing the fact, pro-
posed the name '' Phycila' in place of Phycis Fab. In view of this,
as the family name must be based upon some included generic name,
the term Fhycid?e, often used for the group, cannot remain, but
instead there must be used the term Fh.ycitid?e as proposed by Mr.
Ragonot.
The first division of the family into sections corresponding with
modern genera was made by Hiibner ( Verz. 1816), who se|)arated
the species of Europe then known into thirteen genera, of which tlic
following are re|)resented in North xVmerica : Hypochalcia, Xephop-
teryx, Zophodia, Epischaia, Myeiois and tSelagia. As with all of Hiib-
ner's genera in the " Verzeichniss" the descriptions are very meager,
and the determination must be made by the species ])laced under the
generic name. So far as Hiibner's genera of Phycitidie are con-
cerned, Mr. Ragonot (Ento. Mag. vol. xxii, pj). 18-19) gives the
following determinations regarding the species which are to be re-
ceived as ty|)ical :
" Eacarphia (Cat. p. 864), included two species of C'ranibiis and
vinetella Fab., which latter becomes type of the genus.
''Hypochalcia (Cat. p. 367), comprising ahenalis, cenealis and (frealis,
which are all synonymous with ahenella S. V. This genus, being-
composed of but one species, has very properly been retained by
Zeller, and characterized by him (Isis 1839, p. 188, 1848, p. 721).
''Aaerasfia (Cat. p. 867). This genus comprises three true Hypo-
chalcia, and lastly lotella YLiib. ; it would have been proper to retain
the name of Anerastia for the species of Hypochalcia had not the
latter genus been so distinctly indicated as I have explained. The
genus has thus rightly been restricted by Zeller to lotella, and supei'-
sedes Araxes Steph., which was formed of three distinct modern
(jenera.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 95
"Gesneria (Cat. p. 368). This genus contains caneUa S. V. and
three Scoparice, one before and two after canella, so that evidently the
genus was intended for Scoparia, but as the latter genus was already
established by Haworth, Zeller j^roperly created the genus Gymnan-
cijda for Canella S. V.
"Peynpelia (Cat. p. 869). The genus Pempelia was composed of
four ill-assorted species : calocalis = anellus S. V., quercalis = quer-
cella S. V. (a F yra\id), pal uvibella S. V. and ornatella S. V. Zeller
divided the genus Pempelia into several genera ; first, Etiella Z. (type
zinckenella Fr.); second, Eurhodope Hiib., comprising euphorbiella
Zell. (which I refer to Nephopteryx, the maxillary palpi not being at
all develojied into a pencil-like brush as in other Pempelue) and
earnella L. ; third, Pempelia, comprising all Pempelice with smooth
wings, including ornatella S. V. ; and lastly, Salehria Zell. composed
(if species with raised scales before the first line \nc\\\(W\\g jndumbella
8. V. Von Heiuemann adopts the last two genera as indicated by
Zeller, but rightly mixes the species with raised scales with those
with smooth wings, placing in the genus Salebria all the species with
eight veins to the hind wings, and in the genus Pempelia those with
seven veins only ; thus palumbella S. V. becomes the type of the
genus Salebria, and ornatella S. V. that of Pempelia Zeller.
"Nephopteryx (Cat. |). 370). This is composed of a great variety
of genera, so that it is impossible to say which is the type intended.
Zeller (Isis, 1846) created the genus Dioryctria for the first species
{abietella 8. V.), placing the next species (rhenella) in his genus Ne-
phopteryx (established in the Isis for 1839), so that rhenella Zinck.
must be considered the type of the genus.
"Zophodia (Cat. p. 370). Of the three species included in Hiib-
uer's genus {legatella Hiib., tumidella S. V. and convolutella) tamidella
is j)laced by Zeller in his genus Acrobasis ; legatella and convolidella
are placed separately in the genus Myelois (Isis 1839 and 1848), Zo-
phodia forming a subgenus for convolutella. Von Heinemann adoj^ted
the genus Zophodia for convolutella Hiib., and there is no necessity to
cliange the name.
''Eplschaia (Cat. p. 370 j. The genus was composed of diversall.^
Hiib. ( polygonalis Hiib.), prodromella Hiib. and muscerdalis Hiib.
{nebidella Hiib.) The first, belonging to Botys, must be excluded;
the second becomes the type of the genus which has been character-
ized bv Zeller (Isis 1839 and 1848).
96 GEO. D. HULST.
"Myelols (Cat. p. 371). The only species given by Hiibner is me-
dullalis Hiib. = cribrella Hiib. This genus has become the general
refuge of all uncertain species, but as there cannot be any doubt as
to the species which forms the type, I restrict the genus to those spe-
cies alone, which, like cribrella, have simple antennae in the male,
eight veins to the hind wings, with veins 4 and 5 in the forewings
forked.
" Selagia (Cat. p. 371), comprising two Crambi and argyralis Hiib.
{argyrella Fab.) This genus has been described by Zeller dsis 1848),
and is composed of two species: argyrella Fab. and janthinel la Hiib.,
which have wrongly been placed since in the genus Nephopteryx
proper.
"Etirhodope (Cat. p. 371), formed for pudoralis S. V. (rosella Sc.)
and carnealis (carnella L.). The type of the genus is rosella Sc,
which has since been placed in Myelois Auct., but as the type of
Myelois is cribella Hiib., the neuratiou of which is different from that
of rosella Sc, I adopt Eurhodope Hiib. for ro.^ella, cruentella Dup.,
etc, as well as for legatella Hiib., suavella Zinck., advenella Zinck.,
etc, as they cannot be distinguished structurally from one another ;
vet, as the legatella group appears so different from the rosella group,
1 establish a subgenus for the former under the name of Bhodopheea
Guenee.
" Catastia (Cat. p. 372). This is a good genus, and has been adopted
by Zeller (Isis 1839 and 1848) and von Heinemann."
The laws of modern Zoology determine that when an author places
under a genus two or more species not properly congeneric, and in-
dicates no type, the one who afterwards properly subdivides this
genus, can restrict the original name to any of the species formerly
included under it. The older name, however, must be retained for
one of the new divisions. On this basis I am ready to accept the
restrictions of Hiibner's genera as made by Zeller, von Heinemann
and Ragonot. I differ from Mr. Ragonot's conclusions given above
on two points only : first, on the basis of the laws of modern zoology
and the reasoning employed with regard to Anerastia, Epischnia and
Selagia above, the name Gesneria must stand in the place of Gyrn-
nacycla Zeller; second, I differ in my valuation of raised scale ridges
as a generic characteristic.
Curtis (Brit. Ent. 1828j puts Phycita in place of Phycis Fab., as
noted above. He also describes Homoeosoma for gemina Haw. :=
siniiella Fab., which thus becomes the type of the genus.
NORTH AMERICAN I.EPIDOPTERA. 97
Stephens (Cat. Brit. Insects, 1829) proposes two new genera, Oii-
cocera and Araxes. These he described in Bi-it. Ento. HausteUata,
1834, iv, pp. 313 and 315, but all the species had already been placed
by Hiibner nnder his genera, so both become synonyms.
Treitschke's only genus, Myelophila (Schmet. Eur. vol. x, pt. 3,
1835) is a synonym of Jlyelois.
Duponchel names two genera, Ilythia = Earhodojje Hi'ib., and
Diosia = Cutastia Hiib.
Gueuee, in his " Index Methodicus" ('Ann. Soc. Ento. France,
1845), gives the names of some new genera, but entirely Avithout
descriptions. It may be a question with some whether such names
should be retained. Zoological law determines that a type holds a
generic name as well as a description. For myself I consider the
knowledge of the type far preferable to any description, and so have
no hesitancy in retaining genera where the type is a species assuredlv
determined. In the " Index" Guenee proposes the following genera :
Megims, Bmchodes, Chionea, Ehodophcea, Plodia, BnmpJiodes. Ephes-
fl<(, Lotria, Semnia and Argijrodes. Hiibner's genera are ignored,
and, indeed, I doubt whether Guenee then, or at the time lie wrote
his " Phalenites," knew anything about Hiibner. Guenee seems, all
through his work, to have entirely lacked the systematic facultv, and
his " Index" is valueless as a basis of classification.
The genera represented in the North American fauna are Megasis,
Rhodophiea, Plodia, Bhamphodes and Ephestia.
Megasis ("Index" p. 71) has" two species under it, rippertella and
dllucideUa Dup. = iUignella Zell. The latter has been made the
type.
Bhodophcea (" Index" p. 74). ]\Ir. Ragonot, in hi.-< remarks on
Hiibner's genera already quoted, says this genus does not differ in
structure from Enrhodope Hiib. On account of the differences in
appearance, however, he retains it as a subgenus. In his Cat. X. A.
Phycitida^ he tabulates it as a genus. It is. however, abundantly
distinct from Eurhodope in that the ocelli are present, while wanting
in Enrhodope.
Plodia (Index p. 80). This has one species under it, inteypunctel/a,
and is a good genus.
Bamphodes (Index p. 81). This has one species under it. efie/la
Treit. =1 zinckenella Treit Zeller, however, created foi- this species
(Isis 1839) the genus EtieJIa.
TKANS. .\M. ENT. soc. XVII. (13) .MARCH. 1890.
98 GEO. D. HULST.
Epliestia (Index p. 81). The first species under this, ehdella, has
always been considered the type of this genus, which is a good one.
Next in order as a systeniatist came Pi"of. Zeller. He first recog-
nized the true relations of the Phycitidae, and arranged the species
on the basis of a natural classification, which, however much it has
been or may be improved upon, will remain permanently a basis of
classification in this family.
In Isis 1839, he first published his views of the family. He there
separated the species from the Tineidie, witli which they had been
grouped from the very beginning. He seemed to have had a knowl-
edge of what almost all otliers ):)efore him had done, recognized
Hiibner's work and gave him due credit for it. He, in this paper,
himself describes Acrobasis, Ancylosis, Etie/hi and Plnjcklea = Ho-
mocosoma Curtis. Of these all are represented in our fauna, except
the second.
In Isis, 1846, Prof Zeller again touched upon this family, and
described Diorydria, Salebria and Psorosa. All of these are repre-
sented among North American Phycitid^.
In Isis, 1848, Prof Zeller a third time reverted to the subject, and
gives a synopsis based largely upon structural characters, and thus
lavs down a natural and permanent basis of classification. In this
synopsis Prof Zeller makes use of the structure of the labial and
maxillary palpi, the antennae and ocelli. He, however, ignores ve-
nation, or where noticing it seems to regard it of little systematic
value. He also emphasizes greatly the frontal scale tuft, as in his
classification of the Tineidie, a thing Avhich seems to have compara-
tively little or no value in a natural classification. His knowledge
of the maxillary palpi was one of appearance, and not of the real
structure of the organ.
In 1863 was published Part 27 of the Catalogue of the Lepidop-
tera-HeteroCera British Museum, and in 1866 Part 35, its supple-
ment. In Part 27, pp. 22-139, and in the Supplement, pp. 1708-49,
Mr. Walker describes many new genera. Of these Stantlra, Sehunta,
Benta, MeMtara and Cutina, are based on American species, and
Siibrita has an American species under it. The type of Melitara is
2jrodenia/is = bollli Zell., as I am informed by Mr. Ragonot. Prof.
Fernald, who has examined the type informs me Sehunta is not a
Phycitid, but is a synonym of Boils iUibalis Hiib.
The rest of Walker's new American genera are as yet undeter-
mined. It is probable also his genera based on material from other
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 99
parts of the world may cover some of the genera more recently
created.
Blauchard has described the genus Ehismopalpm with his species
anr/Hstalis = licpioseUas Zeil. as type.
Von Heineraaun (vSchmet. Bruns. Pyralidse, 1865) largely follows
Zeller, showing very little individuality. In his ideas of genera he
shows no progress, but rather retrogression. He speaks of the vena-
tion, but makes no real use of it in the formation or determination
of genera.
Herrich-SchaefFer (Sys. Bear. Schmet. Eur. 1849) gave a synopsis
of the genera of the Phycitidje, created some new genera, and ex-
pressed opinion.s which were radically different from those of Zeller,
but which have obtained no currency among entomologists. He
places the Phycitida? under the Crandiidie, considering Peiiijjeh'a and
Xephopteryx as true Crambids and the rest of the Phycitidiie as oc-
cupying subfamily position. His work has very little to recommend
it, as it is in many respects of the most superficial character. iVt the
same time he called attention to venation, and made use of it for the
determination of genei'a, though in a very careless and inconsistent
manner.
Mr. Grote (Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr. vol. iv. 1878) wrote somewhat
upon the genera and species of the Phycitidae of North America.
Here and in detached articles of periodicals, he established as genera
MegapJvjci.^ = Me/ifani Walker, Puilpedis, Dukruma = Zophodia
Hiib. Meropiera, Pyla, Ambesa and Honora. He made use of structure,
but did not understand the European genera, and thus made no
advance.
Mr. E. Meyrick has written upon the Phycitidse of Australia
and the adjoining islands, and his papers have been published in
various foreign periodicals, principally in the Transactions of the
Linnaean Society of New South Wales, vols, iii, iv, and vii, and in
the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, in the
volume for 1884:.
In these papers he, in addition to some of the structural characters
used by Zeller, emphasizes the value of venation, for which Zeller
had so very little regard, and which Herrich-Schaeffer so poorly used.
This use of venation was an important advance. Mr. iMeyrick,
however, rather belittles some of the structural details made use of
by Zeller, such as the palpi and ocelli. Mr. Meyrick has described
many genera, of which not one has a representative in the North
American fauna, so fai" as I know.
100 GEO. D. HULST.
Mr. E. L. Ragonot, in a paper in tlie p]nt. Mo. Mag. vol. xxii,
writing upon the Phycitidse of Great Britain, gives a history of the
genera represented in its fauna, and ])r()])o.ses a division of the family
into two subfamilies: first, Piiycitinie and second Anerastinje, dis-
tinguished from each other by the presence and absence, or nearly
so, of the tongue. He also, p. 31, proposes a new genus Heterographis,
which is represented in our fauna. In December, 1887, Mr. Ragonot,
in the Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, published
diagnoses of twenty-three genera from material of the European
fauna, of which genera the following have been found to have repre-
sentitive species in our country : Anoristia, Staudingeria and Sahiria.
In December, 1888, Mr. Ragonot, in a paper privately printed
and distributed, described, from mostly North American material,
twenty new genera as follows : Fhyeitopsis, Dasypyga, Promy/ea, Or-
fho/epsls, Lipographis, Sarata, Macrorrhinia, Vitula, Ephestiodes, Eu-
rythmiii, Honiigia, Clrls, Martla, Aurora, Navasota, Peoria, Bandera,
Statina, Tampa, and Ccenochroa. Mr. Grote, knowing that Ci7is was
preoccupied, has since proposed Ragonotia in its place (Can. Ento.
XX, 75). Later, Mr. Ragonot proposed DoUchorrhlnia for Macror-
rhinia, which was also preoccupied. The name Hornigia is also pre-
occupied, having been used by Mr. Ragonot before for a genus in
the Galleriidse. It was there a synonym of Lamoria Walker. The
laws of Zoology, however, determine that it nujst thus remain a
synonym, and cannot I'epresent any (jther group in Zoology.
In April, 1888, Mr. Ragonot, in another private pa|)er, described
fifty-eight new genera from exotic material, three of which, Laodamia,
Diviana and Ca/era, are American.
In a Catalogue of North American Rhycitidse (Ento. Am. vol. v,
p. 114, 1889) Mr. Ragonot names two more genera, Glyptoeera for
eonsobrineUa Zell., and Lietilia for coccinivora Comst., and ephestiella
Rag. I am not aware that these genera have yet been described.
In his descriptions of genera Mr. Ragonot makes use of all the
differences of structure used of by both Zeller and Meyrick. He
also makes use of the structure of the tongue, and so introduces a
new and important feature into classification. For some reason,
however, he seems to take little notice of the ocelli, and of the male
genital armature. He also does not seem to know of the structure
of the maxillary ])alpi. It is, however, fair to say that his descrip-
tions are only brief diagnoses, written in anticipation of a promised
monograph, and published, according to his own statement, only to
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 101
secure priority. Many points of distinction relied upon by him in
venation are to some extent variable, and consequently there may
have to be some modification of his genera in the future, when, from
larger material, the full range of variation in species can be definitely
ascertained.
In " Entomologica Americana" vol. iv, p. 113, 1888, the author
<»f the present paper described twelve new genera of Phycitidse.
The only division of the famil}' into groups higher than genera is
the division noted above, made by Mr. Ragonot. In a paper in the
" Entomologist's Monthly Magazine," vol. xxii, he proposes two sub-
fixmilies, Phycitina? and Anerastiuiie, distinguished by the presence
and absence or nearly so of the tongue. I am not prepared to accept
this division of the family, inasmuch as there is a comparatively
gradual variation in the length and strength of the tongue in the
species. In some cases where comparatively long it is weak, and
sometimes where comparatively short it is strong and corneous. In-
deed, of the typical genus and species of Anerastinse, Anerastia
/otelki, von Heinemann, describing the genus, says truly, " die zunge
ist zwar vorsteckt, aber vorhanden hornig und gerollt," and again
he remarks of the species, " mit deutlicher zunge." The tongue is
indeed twice or more the length of the head. Moreover, and this
is perhaps more important, neither in this nor any of the higher
groups of the Lepidoptera have the presence and absence of the
tongue been recognized as having subfamily value. Venation has
always been considered of far greater importance, and the subfami-
lies of the Pyralidie have been almost entirely based upon the num-
ber and course of the veins. The absolute loss of one or more veins
would seem to me to be a far better basis for a natural grouping, but
even this cannot be relied upon, inasmuch as it separates species that
are undoubtedly very closely allied and throws together those widely
aberrant ; on the one hand some with the strongest Epipaschiid, and
on the other hand some with the strongest Cramboid tendencies.
I have little doubt, however, that the structure of the genitalia
of the S will furnish a basis for a natural and sharp distinction.
As will be shown .hereafter, there are in the genitalia of the Phy-
citidae two marked types of structure, and these conform very closely
as well to the general tendencies of structure otherwise in the family.
In the one type the lower anal plate is present, spatulate or conical,
agreeing with the Epipaschiid type; in the other the lower plate is
wanting. On this basis I propose the division of the family into
102 GEO. D. HULST.
two subfaniilies, the first Phycitin^ Rao-., the second, to which would
be given Mr. Ragonot's second subfamily name " Anerastinie," were
it not that Anerastia does not belong to this gronp ; I propose, there-
fore, as the name of the second subfamily Peoriinae, with Peoria Rag.
as the typical genus.
The first American species described were cosmopolitan, and were
described by Haworth and Hiil)ner from European examples. The
first distinctively American species were described by Prof. Zeller.
Since that time one or more species each have been described by many
authors in all sorts of places and publications, the largest number
being by Mr. Ragonot, in a paper privately issued in Paris, Decem-
ber, 1887.
The species of the Phycitldoe are in many respects as compared
with each other very diverse in their structural characters. Indeed,
there is scarcely any detail of structure in which marked variation
may not be found ; the variability is especially observable in the
shape and ornamentation of the labial pal|)i, the maxilhiry palpi,
the tongue, the clypeus, the antennte, the wings, the venation, the
abdomen and the genitalia. There is also a marked variability in
some respects in the sexes of the same species, notably in the maxil-
lary palpi, the antennae, and in the ornamentation of the wings and
abdomen.
STRUCTURE OF THE IMAGO.
The Head and Appendages. — The head, as a whole, is uncon-
cfealed, prominent, free, and usually nearly as broad as the thorax.
Labial Palpi. — The labial palpi consist of three separate mem-
bers. These are very variable in length and direction as compared
with each other in the various species. In most of the species, and
these the typical genera of the family, the labial ])alpi are erect,
somewhat recurved, reaching to or beyond the summit of the head.
In some species they are weakly ascending, in numerous others they
are horizontal or drooping ; sometimes they are short, hardly more
than one-half the head, in others long, equal in length to the head
and thorax combined. Sometimes they stand rather widely apart ;
sometimes they are closely appressed together and beak-like. The
members of these organs also differ very much as compared with
each other. The basal member shows comparatively little variation,
and is generally short. The middle member is the hmgest, the end
member often the shortest. In some species the middle member is
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 103
very much lengthened, becoming nearly or quite ten times as long as
the end memjier. More rarely the end member is lengthened, so as
to be nearly as long as the middle member. The shape of these
members also varies ; generally the middle member is flattened, cy-
lindrical, even ; sometimes, however, it is more or less triangular,
considerably flattened, and often grooved on the inner side. The
end member is ordinarily filiform, cylindrical, but it is often oval,
sometimes oval conical. The vestiture of these oi'gans varies in the
quantity and length of the scales, differing very much in the different
species. There is also some, but not very decided variation in these
oi'gans, in the sexes of the same species, though generally the sexes
nearly agree.
Maxillary Palpi. — The maxillary palpi are very variable in
form and ornamentation. There are also often very marked
sexual differences. Ordinarily, if not always (I have found no ex-
ceptions so far as my studies have gone), they are four-jointed, the
basal joint being small and difficult to make out, except in well
bleached specimens, and with a compound microscope. The maxil-
lary palpi are generally comparatively small, more or less concealed
by the labial palpi, generally projecting forwards between the labial
[)alpi, rarely rising above them. In many species the last two mem-
bers are clothed with long hairs, giving a brush-like appearance.
These are capable of expansion, but ordinarily lie concealed in a
groove on the inner side of the second member of the labial palpi.
So far as my observations go, the maxillary })alpi are always present,
though often very small. In properly bleached specimens, and with
the use of a compound microscope, I have never found them absent
in the many species I have examined. My examinations, however,
owing to a lack of material, have not covered as yet all the American
species.
The shape of the maxillary [ialpi varies oftentimes in the different
.sexes. When they do not differ, and in the female ordinarily, the
basal joint is short cylindrical, the last three oval cylindrical, each
one being on the extreme end or point of the one next below. In
the case of the brush tufted maxillary ])alpi these are found fully
developed in the males onl}', though there is generally in the females
of the same species a more or less apparent tendency in the same
direction. In the full development the first and second members
are long, filiform, elbowed with each other when at rest, capable of
being extended in a line with each other at the will of the insect.
104 GEO. D. HULST.
The two end members are oval cylindrical or conical, the last one
never on the extreme end of the penultimate member, but on one
side, never so far as to be joined at the base and thus geminate with
it upon the summit of the antepenultimate member. The hair brush
is always on the last member, is always more or less developed on the
penultimate, and there always more strongly, as the point of union
with the end member retreats from the extreme summit. Where
the point of union is near the base the maxillary palpi become
almost, if not quite equally bitufted, exactly reproducing the struc-
ture and ornamentation of certain of the Epipaschiidre.
Tongue. — The tongue is generally present, though sometimes en-
tirely wanting. Where it is longest, it is nearly as long as the thorax
and abdomen ; it is with rare exceptions, if any, horny, rolled and
scaled in front at the base.
I have noticed in many cases a decided difference in this organ
between the Phycitidse and the Geometridse, though I have not suffi-
ciently observed to warrant any generalization upon it as a family
distinction. In the Geometridse tlie extreme end of the tongue is
furnished with minute, upright, cylindrical papillse, equal in length
to about one-third the diameter of the tongue itself. In the Phy-
citidre, in all specimens examined, these papillte do not exist, and are
replaced by overlying laminje.
There is also in the Phycitida) a reciprocal relation between tlie
tongue and the pal})i, both labial and maxillary, which, though not
universal, suggests some affinity which is of interest. In the great
majority of cases where the tongue is strongly developed, the labial
palpi are comparatively small and generally erect ; in the most of
cases where the tongue is weak or wanting the labial palpi are ex-
aggerated in length, and are more or less horizontal. Even in ex-
ceptions the tongue, though long, is generally less horny where the
palpi are long and horizontal. The tongue is generally best devel-
oped in those species which have the tufted maxillary palpi, and the
occurrence of this development is rare where the tongue is weak or
wanting. On the one side is shown a strong tendency to the struc-
ture of the Epipaschiidffi, on the other to that of the Crambidie.
Apart from these tendencies this recipi'ocal relation of these organs
is to me of very great interest.
Front. — The front is generally somewhat quadrate, generally,
thouo-h not always longer than broad and rarely quite narrow. The
clypeus is generally flattened or slightly rounded, rarely grooved and
NORTH AMERICAN J>EPID0PTP:RA. 10')
rarely furnished with an embossed, or a hjng, sharp, conical tubercle.
The vestiture is sometimes smooth, of closely appressed scales, some-
times tufted with comparatively long, overhanging scales.
Eyes. — The eyes are large, globular, prominent, naked. There is
often a tendency to lashing, though it is never decided. There is in
the eyes scarcely any variation in the family, so far as my observa-
tions go.
Ocelli. — The ocelli, though sometimes wanting, are generally
present. In the most of cases distinct, in some instances .scarcely
existing. I am of the opinion that in some instances in a species
where the ocelli are present, but very small, specimens may be found
where they are entirely absent. There seems also a difference in the
prominence of this organ in some cases in the sexes. The ocelli are
situated back of the ba.se of the antennre and close to the edge of
the eye.
Antennae. — The anteume vary greatly in the species, and in the
sexes. They are found in the various s[)ecies pectinate, dentate,
crenulate and ciliate, and are generally somewhat uniformly clothed
with hairs or tufted. The antennte of the males generally differ
from those of the females, the latter being more simple and gener-
ally ciliate pubescent. The antennae of the males are in many spe-
cies distinguished by a structure peculiar to the family. This con-
sists of a moditication (jf the four or five members just beyond the
first member above the base. In all cases where this exists thei'e is
apjjarently a pressing together of the members on their inner side,
thus shortening them, and at the same time somewhat of a length-
ening of the same members on the outer side, thus forming a con-
cavity or arc in the antennoe. The members of the antenna forming
this bend are always more or less fused together, sometimes quite
coalescing. x\t the same time, as it would seem by the pressing out
and hardening of the juices, the upper extremity of each member
in the l)end is prolonged more or less into a chitinous, spine-like,
])rotuberance. The inner portion of the bend also generally has an
abnormal development of scales forming a tuft or ridge. Rarely
there is another modification in the existence, in the place of the
tufting, of a perpendicular filiform process or laminte two or more
on each segment.
The basal member is variable in form, generally l>roadly (jval,
sometimes I'ounded, lengthened cylindrical, and sometimes has a pro-
tuberance on the inner side, exactly corresponding in this respect
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (14) MARCH, 1890.
106 GEO. D. HULST.
with some species of tlie Epipuscliiidai. Rarely tlie lueniber imme-
diately above the base is notched, though generally short cylindrical.
In length the antennae have very little variation, the length being
somewhat more than half the length of the fore wing. The num-
ber of segments varies in those I have observed from 48 to nearly
70, the larger number of species having 54 or 55.
Thorax and Appendacies. — The thorax is generally slight,
though in a few instances heavy and noctuiform. It is, so far as I
know, never tufted above, though in rare instances in the male sex
it has a brush of hairs in front on either side below. There is also
in many species a tuft on either side, lying concealed between the
second and third segments of the thorax behind the coxae of the
middle legs. The patagise are rather loosely scaled, not closely ap-
pressed, and with vestiture reach to the extremity of the thorax.
The vestiture of the thorax is scaly, generally close and appressed,
and rarely with any tendency to be mixed with hairs.
Wings. — The fore loing^ vary considerably in shape. They are
generally narrow, elongate and subparallel, but sometimes are rather
broad and somewhat triangular or oval. There is much variation
in the arching of the costa, the sharpness of the outer angles, and
the direction of the inner margin. There is considerable difference
of wing shape in the sexes. In the females the fore wings are often
broader with more rounded angles and outer margin. The fore wings
are almost always with two cross lines, varying somewhat in position
and dividing the wing into three fields, a basal, middle, and outer.
There are almost always one or two black spots at or near the end
of the discal cell. Sometimes there is a cross ridge of raised scales
near the basal line. There is rai-ely in the males a tufling of scales
beneath the wing, along costa, near the base. More rarely this be-
comes a fold, and may conceal a brush of hairs. The wnngs at rest
ai-e folded about the abdomen, concealing the hind wings.
The hind ivlngs are subtriangular, the anterior angle being gener-
ally quite distinct, the anal rounded or obsolete. There is sometimes
a slight tendency to falcation below the anterior angle on outer mar-
gin. They generally vary little in coloring, the variation being only
from dark fuscous to translucent or satiny white. There is rarely in
the males a tuft or two of hairs near the base above. The pectina-
tion of the lower median, near base above, is sometimes nearly obso-
lete. The fringes are sometimes quite long and Tineid-like in appear-
ance.
NORTH AMERICAN I>EI'IDOPTKRA. 107
'rhefenuhnn is a single spine in both sexes. In tlie male it rises
from a rounded base, while in the female the base is flattened and
the organ seems to consist of three or four spines fused together and
continuing to the end as one. I have found only one or two instances
where there 'was a real division of these i)arts.
Venation. — The venatioit. is exceedingly variable in the different
species. The fore wings have 11, 10, or 9 veins. Vein 7 is always
absent.
In the lO-veined species the additional vein lost is sometimes one
of the subcostal series, then vein 8, and sometimes one of the median
series, and then vein 5, as it seems to me. In the 9-veined species a
vein is lost from both of the subcostal and lower median series. In
the family, vein 9 is always stemmed on 8. Vein 6 is always near
or at the anterior angle of the cell in American species, never stemmed
with 8, and o, 4 and 5 are near the posterior angle, with 2 rarely
near, generally somewhat distant. Vein 1 is never furcate near the
base, and vein 12 is always separate from the cell. In all cases the
cell is closed, though often the cross-vein is weak. There is very
little variation in the length of the cell as compared with the length
of the wing and little more in its breadth.
The hind wings have 8, 7, or 6 veins, with three internal veins
counted as one. When there are 7 veins only, the one lost is gen-
erally of the lower median series, and when G veins only, generally
vein 8 as well ; rarely the loss is of two veins of the submedian
series. The internal veins are never furcate at the base ; vein 2 is
near the posterior angle, or quite far removed ; veins o, 4 and 5 are
at or near the posterior angle, and veins 6, 7 and 8 at or near the
anterior angle of the cell. Vein 8 always merges with the anterior
margin of the cell, and 6 is sometimes in part stenuued with 7.
There is considerable vai'iation in the length of the cell as c(jinpared
with the wing. Generally about one-half the wing, it is rarely very
short, in one case not exceeding one-fifth the wing length. The cell
itself is generally part open, the cross-vein rarely distinct. The
cross-vein posteriorly runs often into vein 5, the submedian vein into
o and 4, thus leaving a narrow opening between.
In almost all these veins of both wings there is considerable varia-
tion in position. In the fore wings 4 and 5 may be stemmed or
.separate ; 10 separate, or stemmed with 8 and 9. Very rarely 3 is
stemmed with 4 and 5. In the hind wings 4 and o are stemmed or
separate, 3 sometimes stenuued with 4 and 5, and 7 and 8 uuiv be
108 ■ GEO. D. HULST.
steninied or separate. In the individual species considerable varia-
tion exists, so that in the same species in the fore wings 4 and 5 may
he joined or separate, and in the hind wings 7 and 8, and 8, 4 and
5 are subject to the same uncertainty of position.
So far as my knowledge goes after the comparative examination
of very many individuals of the same species, I regard the venation
pretty constant in the most of the s[)ecies. I have seen scarcely any
exception among those having 10 and 9 veins in the fore wings.
The variation in fact is not very great any where. It is merely a
I'eaching out in each direction from the average position. I know
of no case where veins are in the same species long stemmed and
separate ; or well separated, and at all stemmed ; but in many cases
where the veins of the species are ordinarily short stemmed, speci-
mens may be found where the veins are from a point, or really sepa-
rate though close ; and again, where the veins are ordinarily close,
but separate, specimens may be found where they are short stemmed.
The most variability is in 10 with 8 and 9 in the fore wings, and 3
with 4 and 5, and 7 with 8 in the hind wings ; but 4 and 5 of both
wings are not to be too nuich relied upon as being constant in posi-
titm.
There seems to be more than usual a tendency to wide aberrations
in venation. I have found two specimens where there were 12 veins
in tlie fore wings, and one or two abnormal cases of sten)ming.
There is a very decided diftei'ence of opinion as to what vein is
lost in the case of the obsolescence of one of the lower median series.
Up to the time of Mr. Ragonot, the usual statement was that vein 5
was the one lost. This was the case in the Geometridse, and the
older s^'stematists probably thought this as well true in the Phyci-
tidse. Mr. Ragonot, however, in his paper CDiag. N. A. Phyct. p.
2, 1887) says, speaking of the hind wings, " Vein 5 exists always, as
the space between 5 and 6 is ever of the same breadth whether the
median vein be trifid or quadrifid."
In this matter I agree entirely with Mr. IVleyrick, who says the
two veins become "coincident." The obsolescence of the vein,
which ever it be, is not because it is droi)])ed out, but because it is
stemmed with its neighbor, and the stem is so long that the ])()int of
separation is carried beyond the edge of the wing; and while it is nearly
true, as Mr. Ragonot says, that "the space between 5 and (5 is ever
of the same breadth," it is entirely true that the union has carried the
resultant through all its course further from 0. This is shown also
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 109
from the fact that 3, which is rarely stemmed with 4 and 5, is very
often stemmed with the resultant. It indeed makes little difference
whether the vein be called 4 or 5 (the two veins being joined in
one), so long as the writer's view is understood. For myself I prefer
saying vein 5 is lost, as this brings the form of expression in line
with what exists beyond question in other groups of the Lejjidoptera,
and is as fully a statement of the fact as to say vein 5 is the one that
is present.
Legs. — The le.ffs are comparatively uniform. They are, however,
found stoiit and very slender, short and long, closely and loosely
scaled. There is some considerable difference in the comparative
lengths of femora, tibiae and tai"si. The coxaj and femora are always
very much flattened, and the tibiae generally slightly so ; the tibiae
are^arely swollen, and then only slightly. The tibial epiphysis is
l)resent, is well developed, and is situated near the middle of the
tibia. The middle tibiae are armed at the lower end with a pair of
spurs ; the hind tibiae have two pairs, the one pair at the lower end,
the other near the middle, but somewhat varying in position. The
tibiae are never spinulated ; the tarsi generally are, but there is a
very gradual variation from hairs to S2:)ines. The tarsi are always
ffve in number, the end one armed with two sickle-like claws with
pad beneath at their point of union.
Abdomen. — The abdomen offers few peculiarities. It is ordinarily
.slender, cylindi'o-conical, rarely heavy and noctuiform. The seg-
ments are, so far as I have observed, never tufted above, nor on the
side, though rarely in the male there is an anal tufting.
In a few species there is a peculiar development of spines on the
penultimate segments beneath; they are not very long, are generally
concealed by the vestiture, and have a backward curve. These, as
yet, I have found only in the 9 •
There is also a much more interesting modification of the last seg-
ment beneath. Sometimes without any modification, it is in other
cases more or less chitinized, with more or less stout supports, with a
central carination and a development of tufts of long hairs ; some-
times these are modified into filiform chitinous appendages. They
are found in the % only." Ordinarily they are appre.ssed, and their
.structure lost in the surrounding vestiture, but with the abdomen
bleached and moderately magnified, they are mo.st beautiful and
interesting, as well as distinct objects.
110 GEO. D. HULST.
Genitalia. — The genitalia are very interesting in structure, and
manifest some very decided differences. While showing decided
variations from the typical forms, they are constructed on, two very
distinct patterns. In the one the lower plate is present, in the other
it is entirely absent. In the one the uncus is a spine, broadly fur-
cate basally ; in the other it is a nearly senncircular jilate edged with
a chitiuous ridge, and this with one or more teeth. The one is of the
Epipaschiid pattern, and exists in all the species which, in a labial
palpi, maxillary palpi, and otherwise have seeming Epipaschiid
affinities. The other is found in the Crambid species, mostly tongue-
less and largely with long porrect labial palpi.
In all cases there are wide modifications ; the uncus may be found
single, bifid, or even multifid, the neck long or wanting. The harppe
may be merely lengthened flanges, or may be bilobed, or may be-
come long slender spines ; they are generally short, sometimes very
long haired ; often unarmed, sometimes spined at tip or on one lobe,
and are with or without one or two spines at base. The lower plate
is generally spatulate, but may be conical, truncate conical, or
rounded. The anal orifice is also often armed with one or several
long stout spines, and in one genus, Eanjthmia, with a curious spiral
arrangement of spined laminpe.
The genitalia of the 9 are comparatively simple, exactly as in
the Epipaschiidte. There is a more or less developed extensile ap-
paratus. The ovipositor may be extended considerably, and is armed
with divergent bristles at the end.
Egg. — Very little is known of the eygs of the sjjecies. 80 far as
knoAvn they are oval, rather flattened spherical, grooved above, flat-
tened below.
Larva. — The larval history of the larger portion of our distinctly
North American species is unknown. So far as known, though su-
perficially their habits are ver}' diflerent, yet there is in fact much
general similarity. Some inhabit flowers, others are borers ; some
gather leaves together, others live in dried fruits, or flour and meal,
but in nearly all cases I believe a silken case of varying pattern is
built in which the larva lives, lying concealed by day and feeding
by night. In many instances the larvi* are of great economic im-
portance, some species being very injurious to orchards and forests
both in Europe and America.
The larvse have sixteen legs after the ordinary pattern. They are
ordinarily nearly unicolorous in various shades of green marked
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. Ill
(Uily with (laiker points and spots, and are often quite translucent,
llie head is flattened, somewhat extended ; the first abdominal seg-
ment with a cervical, then hist with an anal shield ; the body is cy-
lindrical, the segments well marked, nearly smooth, furnished only
with a few short, scattered hairs, set on very small warts or tuber-
cles.
Pupa. — The pupa is without marked characteristics. It varies
from dark green to cherry in color, is cylindrical with the wing-cases
and segments distinctly marked. The pupation is, I believe, always
in a cocoon, in the habitat of the larva, upon the sui'face of the
ground, or rarely beneath the surface.
I take little interest comparatively in the guesses which are made
of the ancestry of any group of the Lepidoptera. The Lepidoptera
have existed so long, the changes have been so great, the insects
themselves are so frail in structure and in their life forces, that any
effort to trace ancestry from the insects themselves must, it seems to
me, be of little value. On general principles we can suppose the
earliest Lei:)idoptera were arboreal or aquatic, probably the latter.
From the aquatic standpoint the Pyralidae may be supposed in some
of their genera to have representatives of very ancient standing, and
so also from their habits as leaf-rollers and borers, it may be supposed
that the Phycitidse are of very ancient ancestry. Nevertheless, as I
have had cases of reversion in specimens to the 12-veined forms, and
as there is in fore and hind wings in the case of the less veined species
a tendency to revert to the greater number, I think we must regard
the 9- and 10-veined groups as departures from a more ancient type.
The Phycitidse are seemingly very unequally distributed in our
country. A few species only are cosmopolitan through the agency
of commerce.
It must be borne in mind that comparatively little collecting hai^
been done in the United States, but so far as we know the species in
the wooded districts of the North, East and South, they are com-
paratively few in numbers. From what little results I have seen of
collecting in subtropical S. Florida, I would suppo.se it to be rich in
species, largely the same as those of the West Indies. The })art of
the country, however, so far as my knowledge goes, most prolific of
Phycitid life, is that part which includes the more or less arid plains
of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Soutliern Califjrnia. In this
part of the country, wherever there is a development of arborescent
vegetation, the Phycitida^ are comparatively numerous. As an ex-
112 GEO. D. HULST.
ample, a correspondent in central Texas has collected Mici'olepid-
optera for me for two or three years, and from him I have received
over fifty species ; these were all collected at light only. Very nearly
one-half of all our species have been taken in Texas. The grassy
plains of the central portion of the United States are, by necessity,
poor in species. The great wooded country of the Northwest has
been to a very little extent explored, but will probably be found a
comparatively rich field for the collector.
As compared with the European fauna as found in Standinger's
List, and the recent descriptions of Mr. Ragonot, our fauna will be
found to be comparatively very rich. The fauna of all Eurojie,
Northern, Western and Central Asia and Northern Africa, includes
about four hundred and fifty species, of which nearly half have been
very recently described. As yet only about two hundred species have
been described from North America, but very little collecting has
been done, and when the field is as Avell explored as that of Europe
we shall probably have a much larger number of species than has
been found in the European fiiuna. Comparatively our fauna is
much richer than is that of P^urope in the Crambid s[)ecies, and
very much poorer in general in the species with tufted maxillary
palpi, especially those that have seven veins only in the hind wings.
It is impossible as yet to make nuich of a compari-son of the va-
rious faunae comprised in North America. There is a [)retty definite
division into the Eastern, extending to the plains west of the Mis-
.souri ; the Rocky Mountain, including Texas and New Mexico;
and the Pacific, including Arizona. Southern Florida, has its own
fauna, but is West Indian rather than North American. The fiiuna
of mountainous Mexico is almost unknown. There seems to be no
definite Arctic fauna ; the species so far as I know them are simply
the reumants of species found further south, and they are few in
number. The family in North America is essentially a family of the
hot arid table lands.
DETERMINATION OF GENERA.
In determining the genera following, I have rested in all cases
possible upon a personal examination of the species recognized as the
type of the genus. In both genera and species I have given the
exact description of the author as fiir as possible, and have made
changes only as they were found not to agree with the type species,
or as they were incomplete. In the most of cases two or more speci-
NORTH AMERICAN I.EPIDOPTKRA. 113
mens have been examined, all the parts having been carefully
bleached. The European species typical of genera were all deter-
mined by Dr. Staudinger and Mr. Ragonot. The American species
typical of Mr. Ragonot's genera I have, by his kindness, seen in the
large majority of cases, though sometiines it was impossible to make
dissections, and consequently in many cases I am able to add but
little, if anything, to Mr. Ragonot's diagnoses.
In the determination of genera I have felt the need of larger
series of the most of the species. I have therefore thought it best
for the present to include all of Mr. Ragonot's genera, even though
I am confident from tendencies in variation it will be found the
number may have to be hereafter considerably lessened.
But on this same basis I have had to multii)ly genera in the
Crambid Phycitidje, so great are the structural differences, and so
little is the material for comparison.
With regard to structure I have found in some respects the sec-
ondary sexual characters to be least subject to variation. Yet I dis-
like basing genera upon anything which is not common to both sexes.
For this reason I prefer, as far as possible, to make use of the char-
acters common to the sexes, and so emphasize the structure of labial
palpi, tongue, venation and the common ornamentation in tuftings
and scale ridges.
It is to be understood that i-eference is made only to American
species in my determination of genera and species in all synopses, and
it is also to be understood that when no reference is made to any
special organ, it is of the normal structure of the family, if I am
acquainted with it.
In the numbering of the veins, they are always nundiered as if
all were pi-esent. In this I follow the older authorities, considering
it far preferable to Mr. Meyrick's method of numbering in regular
order without regard to the obsolescence of one or more of those
which are intermediate.
PHYCITIDiE Rag.
Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii, 20, 1885.
Phycidi Guen., Index Meth. 70, 1845.
Phycidese Zeller, Isis 1848, p. 583; von Heiuemauu, P.vr. p. 145, 1865.
Phycidse Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. '22. 1863; Grote, Bull. U S. Geol. Snrv. Terr.
iv, 692, 1878; Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii, 200, 1878; vii, 155. 1882.
Pyralidse with hair pectination on lower median vein of hind wings at base
al)ove ; maxillary palpi not triangular scale tufted, and not lying closely
appressed on labial palpi at base.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. I 15) M.^RCH, 1890
114 GEO. D. HULST.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
Genitalia of % with lower plate present ; uncus more or less conical, with pro-
jecting posterior central spine PHYCITIN^.
Genitalia of % with lower plate wanting; uncus rounded, without projecting
posterior central spine PEORIIN^.
PHYCITIN^ Rag.
Synopsis of Genera.
1. Fore wings with 11 veins 2.
10 " 39.
9 '• 43.
2. Hind wings with 8 " 3.
7 " 29.
3. Labial palpi erect, or ascending 4.
" porrect or drooping ...21.
4. Ma.xiliary palpi of % small, filiform 5.
" pencil tufted 18.
5. Antennae of % simple, or bent above base only 6.
" bent above base with overlapping appressed scale tufts in
bend 12.
•' bent above base with tuft of scales in bend 13.
" bent above base with ridge of teeth in bend Ainbesa.
6. Hind wing cell very short, one-fifth wing Piesiiiopoda.
cell one-fourth or more 7.
7. Fore wings 4 and 5 stemmed JHyelois.
" short steuimed or .separate 8.
8. Hind wings 3, 4 and 5 separate Rhodoplisea.
" 4 and 5 stemmed 9.
9. Auteunse of % with projection at summit of basal member.. 10.
" with none 11.
10. Fore wings with basal scale ridge above A<'rol»asis.
with none Miiieola.
11. Hind wings cell short; antennae crenulate pubescent I'liyeitopMiili.
" cell normal; antennje thick, ciliate I'roiiij^lea.
12. Foi'e wings with basal scale ridge above I'iiiipesti!^.
" with none Dioryctria.
13. Fore wings 4 and 5 long stemmed 14.
separate, or very short stemmed 15.
14. Hind wings cell normal ; % with anal tuft Dasypyga.
very short: ^ without anal tuft Tacoiiia.
15. Hind wings cell normal; one-half wing 16.
" short, one-third or less 17.
16. Fore wings with basal scale ridge above Ortholepis.
with none Glyptocera.
17. Fore wings with basal scale ridge above TIascala.
with none Nepliopteryx.
18. Fore wings 4 and 5 stemmed Meroptera.
" separate 19.
NORTH AMERICAN 1-EPIDOPTERA. 115
19. Hiud wings cell sliort, oiie-tliird length Laodiiiiiia.
'• normal: one-half length 20.
20. Fore wings very narrow ; no thoracic tufts below KlasiiiOltalpus.
" as usual ; hair tuft on each side thorax below between second and
third segments Salebria.
21. Maxillary palpi of % small filiform 22.
pencil tufted Ktiella.
22. Autennse of % bent above base with tuft of scales in bend 23.
" simple, or bent only 25.
23. Fore wings 4 and 5 separate Pyla.
" stemmed 24.
24. Hind wings cell normal; 2 near angle >ielag;ia.
" short; 2 distant from angle Karata.
25 Thorax of % with long tuft of hair on each side beion- E|>iN<'liiiia.
with none 26.
26. Labial palpi jiorrecl, very long; end member long — 27.
generally drooping; short 28.
27. Hind wings 4 and 5 long stemmed Ilypoclialcia.
separate fiiiia.
28. ■' " stemmed .^It'^^aMSN.
separate l^ipograpliiM.
/ 29. Antennse bipectinate in both sexes .^Ic-lilara.
" not bipectinate — 30
' simple, or bent above base only , 31.
30. " bent above base with tuft of scales in bend 38.
31. Labial palpi erect, or ascending .32.
'■ porrect, or drooping — Z<»p)M>4lia.
32. Maxillary palpi of % ]>encil tufted Ktaiidiii$>;eria.
not 33.
33. Fore wings of % with tuft of hairs on costa below near base Vitiila.
without tuft below 34.
34. Fore wings with basal scale ridge above ^ioiieca.
with none .35.
35. Fore wings 4 and 5 long stemmed 3tj.
" " separate, or from a point Hetero^'i'apliiM.
36. Hind wings cell short, one-third wing I^U'lilia.
" " normal, one-half wing 37.
37. " 3 and 4 long stemmed Il4»ii<>ra.
sei)arate or short siemmed I->lizopli('ra.
38. Palpi erect t'aiiarssia.
porrect long DolicliMri'hiiiia.
.39 Hind wings with 7 veins 40.
6 i^Iixxliia.
40. Fore wings 5 present, 8 wanting 41.
5 wanting, 8 present l>iviiiiia.
41. Hind wings 3 and 4 long stemmed Kplie^ititxIeN.
separate, or very short stemmed 42.
42. Fore wings of 'J, with tuft on costa below ; antennae of % not notched.
illaiihatta.
" with no tuft; antennfe of %, with member above base notched.
IIoiii«po$«onia.
<t
116 GEO. D. HULST.
43. Hind wings with 7 veins 44.
" 6 " 47.
44. Tongue long 45.
" very short 46.
45. Ocelli present: palpi poirect : hind wings 3 and 4 separate l^iiiKlilla.
wanting; pali)i erect; hind wings 3 and 4 stemmed. ..Eiirylliiilisi.
46. Palpi erect Tampa.
" porrect Bainl«*ra.
47. " erect Epiioslia.
porrect Plodia.
MYKLOIS Huh.
(Type cribrella S. V )
Verz. p. 371, 1816; Zelier, Isis 1839, p. 176; 1846, p. 729; 1848, p. 585. 681;
Herrich-SchaeflFer, Sys. Bear, iv, 95, 1849; von Heinemann Pyr. p. 178. 1865;
Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wale.s, iii, 211. 1878; vii, 1,55. 1882; Eagonot,
Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii, 19, 1885.
Oncocera Steph., Brit. Ento. p. 313, 1834.
Lispe Treits., Schmet. Eur. ix, 1, 204.
3Iyelophila Treits., Schmet. Eur. x. 3, 174, 1835.
Labial palpi erect, recurved, equalling summit; .second member twice the
length of third member; maxillary palpi short, filiform; antennae, ciliate, pu-
Ijcscent; ocelli present, distinct ; tongue long, strong; legs all tarsi spinulated;
fore tibia equals upper tarsus, hind tibia equals three times upper tarsus ; upper
spurs of hind tibia below middle; fore wings various iu form; genitalia of %
uncus bifid at point; harpse large, not spined ; lower plate pointed, oval, spinous
haired along outer edge. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 10
separate; hind wings 8 veins, 2 distant from angle, 3 stemmed or separate, 4 and
5 long stemmed.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Color reddish iliiplipiiiielolla.
" gray 2.
2. One or both cross strii)es without l)lack margin 3.
With such margins • 5.
3. Cross lines nearly obsolete, color uniform gray ubiiiip.sella n. sp.
Cross lines distinct; color lighter on middle field 4.
4. Lines broad; outer line round at middle: middle' field light gray on disc.
bii^triatella.
Lines narrow; outer line angled at middle: n)iddle field lighter gray.
biliiicalella.
5. Hind wings dark fuscous zoimlt'Hsi.
light fu.scous ; translucent 6.
(). Middle area with white longitudinal dash near middle 7.
With no white dash 8.
7. Outer line sharply dentate alatella.
nearly even couiella.
S. Outer line very indistinct 9-
distinct 10.
9. Outer line straigiit ; size ordinary siibletrit'ella.
angulate; size small iniiiiiiU'Ila.
10. Nearly uniform gray; discal spots indistinct points... imiimiKlella n. sp.
Basal half whitish, outer dark : discal spot large oval hystriciilella.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 117
1. M. bistriatella Hulst. Ento. Am. iii. p. 136, 1887 ( Dioryctria). —Ex-p^nda
IS mm. Head and thorax fuscous gray. Abdomen fuscous, the segments nar-
rowly black in front. Fore wings fuscous gray, or bhie fuscous gray. Base
ligliter anteriorly. Basal line straight, a little outwardly oblique, whitish, some-
what broad and diffuse, less distinct costally, pure white towards inner margin,
forming there a lengthened white spot ; it is shadowed outwardly by a broad
dark, fuscous band. The wing lightens beyond dl.sc, and reveals two black dis-
cal points one preceding the other, somewhat confluent. Outer line whitish,
sliglitly bent, subparallel with base, shadowed broadly, both sides with dark
fuscous. A row of black points on margin. Hind wings light fuscous; fuscous
at apex, with black marginal line. Beneath dirty fuscous on fore wings, apex
and anterior part of hind wings, otherwise very light.
Washington, D. C, Fla.
In this insect the costa is strongly arched, the angles well rounded.
^Ir. Ragonot, in his Cat. N. A. Phycitidce, Ento. Am. v, 115, refers
thistis a synonym of Salebria tenebroselld Hulst, hut the reference is
heyond {)eradventure incorrect.
2. M. subtetrieella Rag., Ento. Am. v, 113, 1889.— Expands 18—22 mm.
Fore wings elongate-oval, very narrow at base, strongly rounded on costa, dark
gray, much suffused with brownish, glossy; first line broad, oblique, straight,
gray, indistinct, edged outwardly by a shadowy blackish line ; second line hardly
l)erceptible, oblique, straight, very narrow, hardly paler than ground color. A
(lark spot, hardly distinct ou disc; hind wings transparent, whitish, smoked on
margin ; very near to tetricella F.
North America ; exact locality unknown.
3. 11. i in 111 III! (lei la n. sp.— Expands 20 — 21 mm. Labial palpi short, dark
gray, blackish at tip ; front gray ; antennae fuscous, annulated with gray. Thorax
dark gray, lighter across middle, darker behind. Abdomen fuscous ochreous ;
fore wings arched at costa, apex sharp, outer margin oblique, inner slightly
sinuate; color almost even, blackish gray; first line near base broad, distinct,
twice waved, edged outwardly with black; outer line narrow, distinct, close to
outer margin, starting from inner angle, dentate wavy, edges hardly darker.
Discal spots nearly obsolete : middle of middle field alo !g inner margin with a
darker, nearly black spot. Hind wiugs light translucent, veins and border
fuscous.
Texas.
4. M. biliiieatella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 3, 1887.— Expands 20 mm.
Fore wings short, costa strongly rounded, gray, washed with blackish, except in
median area; transverse lines distinct, whitish, the first nearly straight, the
second slightly oblique, with a short angle in the middle. Discal spots pretty
distinct. Hind wings yellowish.
North America; exact locality unknown.
5. M. zoiiuleila Rag.. Ento. Am. v, 113, 1889.— Expands 22 mm. Fore
wiugs hardly dilated posteriorly, pale blackish gray, darker in median area, lines
pale, edged with black, the first oblique, .straight, extending nearly to the middle
118 GEO. D. HULST.
of the inner inarjiin, very broadly edgefl with lihick on the outside : second line
ol)lique, sinuous. Discal spots indistinct black. Hind wino;s blackish brown-
sjray. Smaller than bilineatella, the costa and inner margin nearly parallel, its
bind wings much darker.
Northern Illinois. Types in Brit. Museum in coll. of Mr. Grote.
6. ]W. obil II paella, n. sp. — Expands 23 mm. Palpi, head, thorax and ab-
domen slightly lighter than the rest. Fore wings extended, narrow, angles
rounded, the inner obsolete, giving the wing a long oval shape ; color, an even
mouse-gray; lines hardly discernible, the first evidenced by a scattering of light
gray scales .across the wing, the outer by similar scales near costa; fringes con-
colorous. Hind wings light fuscous, veins and margin darker.
Canada, Floi'ida.
7. M. iiiiiiutulella Hntst, Ento. Am. ill, 136, 1887 (D/or?/c<rJoj.— Expands
13 mm. Head, body and fore wings even dark gray, consisting of black ground
dusted quite evenly with white scales. Fore wings pointed at apex, strongly
arched, inner line white, nearly straight, edged outwardly with a distinct black
baud. Two black discal points. Outer line faiut. fine, angulated, very oblique.
Hind wings fuscous, blackish gray along anterior margin. Beneath, fore wings
dark fuscous, hind wings light fuscous.
Texas.
This insect is placed by Mr. Ragonot in his Catalogue N. A. Pliy-
citidoe as a synonym of Earythmia hospitella Zell. It very much
resembles some specimens of that species in general appearance, and
I may have inadvertently made a mistake in determining what I
sent Mr. Ragonot. The type in my possession is a Myelois.
8. W. silatella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 135, Oct., 1887 (Acrohasis) ; rectistri(^e,IJ<i
Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. December, 1887 (il/?/e/o('s). —Expands 18— 22 mm. Palpi
dark gray, white in front, fuscous at tip. Head and thorax fuscous gray. Ab-
domen fuscous anteriorly, ocher fuscous posteriorly. Fore wings narrow, strongly
arched on outer third, apex rounded, outer margin oblique, inner angle rounded,
light gray in color, much marked with fuscous. Posterior portion of basal field
fuscous. Basal line white, rounded, and extending outwardly towards inner
margin, edged outwardly with black. Middle field with anterior half dusted
with fuscous, posterior half fuscous, with a longitudinal white dash between the
two portions. Outer line oblique from towards apex, faiut, diffuse, edged with
indistinct diffuse fuscous. Outer field heavily dusted with fuscous. Fringes
gray. Hind wings light fuscous, becoming fuscous at tip. subpellucid. Beneath,
smooth, even fuscous on fore wings; hind wings as above.
Arizona, New Mexico, California.
9. .^I. COiiiella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 2, 1887. -Expands 21 mm. Fore
wings narrow, rounded on costa, pale gray; an ochreous spot on inner margin at
base; first line white, very oblique, its distinct black margin connected with a
shadowy line, which crosses obliquely the median area; second line approximate
to hind margin, indicating by its shadowy blackish margin. Discal spots dis-
tinct. Hind wings translucent yellowish white.
Nevada, California, Arizona.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOFTERA. 1 U>
This insect is verv close to the preceding, and botli being some-
what variable in ornamentation, are likely only forms of one species.
10. M. duplipiiiictella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 2, 1887.— Expands 18
mm. Fore wings reddish gray, costal half of median area white. First line
white, hroad, not reaching inner margin, followed by a black band, which is very
narrow on costa, wide on dorsal fold : second line whitish, lined on each side
with blackish, with an acute angle in middle. Discal spots distinct.
Florida.
11. n. liyNtricilIella Hulst, Euto. Am. iii, 135, 1887 (Acrobasis); hisfri-
culeUn Rag, Cat. Ento. Am. v, 114, 1889 (iJ/torfop/iasa). — Expands 18— 20 mm.
Head parts smoky fuscous. Thorax smoky fuscous on sides and front, ocher
fuscous on dorsum and posteriorly. Abdomen yellow fuscous. Fore wings light
gray, powdered with fuscous; extreme base fuscous. Outer basal field with two
short, longitudinal black dashes, one at the middle of wing, the other near anal
margin, these edged more or less distinctly with white. Basal line well out,
twice dentate outwardly, shadowed narrowly with black on both sides. On mid-
dle field a large, faint, fuscous, oval, discal spot, with white center; outer poste-
rior middle field fuscous, extending across outer line over the whole outer field,
though less marked Mlong margin. Outer line even, curved outwardly, shadowed
on both sides. A marginal line of confluent, dentate, black points. Hind wings
light ocher fuscous, with black marginal line. Beneath fuscous on fore wings
hind wings as above.
Texas.
This insect, catalogued under Rhodoplicea Guen. by Mr. Ragonot,
is correctly placed as above. It corresponds in venation exactly
with the typical Myelois, as well as in other structural characters.
RHODOPH.£4 Guen.
(Type advenella Zinck.)
Ann. Soe. Ento. France, 1845, p. 312 (Index Meth. p. 74), Rag., Ento. Mon. Mag-
xxii, 19, 1885).
Labial palpi erect, recurved, rather short; maxillary pal]>i small; tongue
strong; ocelli distinct; antennse simple, pubescent; legs short, stout. Venation
fore wings, H veins, 4 and 5 .separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins, 2 distant
from angle ; 3, 4 and 5 separate.
Here, as often elsewhere, the relative position of 7 and 8 is not
spoken of, as I have found them tf) be entirely variable in the same
species.
1. R. pallieornella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p.' 3, 1887. — Expands 19 mm.
Fore wings broad, outer margin obtuse, costa straight, gray, suffused with black-
ish posteriorly. First line broad, dark led, lined with black on both sides:
second line grey, sinuous, produced and rounded in the middle, distinctly lined
with black. Hind wings brownish yellow; antennae yellow.
Texas.
120 GEO. D. HULST.
2. R. exsillella ZelL, Isis 1848, p. 868.— Expands about 20 inm. Head
clear lemon-yellow, brown about eyes ; antennse browu ; tongue sborter than
usual ; legs light violet gray ; abdomen brown, anuulated with yellowish ; fore
wings costa arched, apex not sharp, color violet-gray; first line white, rather
wide, on inner side a deep red band not reaching costa; outer line faint gray ;
discal points nearly obsolete.
Zeller says he received this insect from Zimmennami. Elsewhere
he gives locality of what Zimiiierniann sent as " Georgia, Carolina,"
so that is likely the habitat of the species. I do not know the spe-
cies. Mr. Ragonot is authority for the reference.
ACROBASIS Zell.
(Type tumideUa Zinck.)
Isis 1839, p. 176 ; 1846, p. 731 ; 1848, p. 585, 606 ; Herrich-Schaeffer, Sys. Bear, iv,
p. 99, 1849; Von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 175, 1865; Grote, Bull, U. S. Geol. Surv.
Terr, iv, p. 692, 1878; N. A. Ento. i, 10, 1879; Ragonot, Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii,
19, 1885.
Labial palpi erect, recurved ; maxillary palpi distinct; tongue long and strong;
ocelli present; antennae simple, the basal member with a protuberance on inner
side at summit crowned with a pointed scale tuft; fore wings with basal cross-
ridge of scales above, more or less developed. Genitalia of % (comptomeUa) un-
cus rather long, spine long, trifid at point, bifid at base ; harpse broad, long, not
spurred at base; lower plate broad, conical, with inturned bristles on outer edge.
Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins.
2 distant from angle, 3 separate, 4 and 5 very short stemmed, rarely separate;
cell short.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings with red basal cross-line 2.
without 4.
2. Hind wings beneath with one or more black dashes in '^ .
»iig;iiNella.
iiigro!^igiielIa n. sp.
Hind wings with none 3.
3. Larval case oval globular coiii|»toiiiella u. sp.
extended, horn-shaped riil»rit'asciella.
4. Hind wings with one or more black dashes beneath in "k " .* ,,
® I (lemofella.
5. Head, thorax, and base of fore wing white palliolella.
'• '■ '■ '■ not white 6.
6. Fore wing (lark blue-gray 7-
" not 8
7. Head reddish caryivorella.
" blackish gray «;»»l«s«'l'» 'i- sp.
8. Fore wings dark gray washed with violet betiilt'llsi n. sp.
" ocher fuscous Iit'boj^cella n. sp.
NORTH AMERICAN LERIDOPTKRA. 12]
1. A. palliolella Rajj.. Diag. N. A. Pliyc. p. 4, 1887, albocapitella Hnlst.
Euto. Am. iv, 116, 18S8."Exi)iinfls 18 mm. Fore wings broad, arched near base;
gray, strongly washed with blackisli brown and reddish, tlie costal half of the
basal area white, the rest flesh colored. First line very oblique, reddish, edged
with blackish posteriorly, preceded by a straight line of raised blackish scales.
.Second line grayish, edged with black, slightly sinuous; discal spots distinct.
My species, albocapitella, seems to differ materially from this de-
.scription, but Mr. Ragonot has seen my type, and pronounces it the
same as his palliolella. My original description was as follows :
Expands 14 mm. Palpi, head and thorax snow-white ; abdomen white, slightly
stained with fuscous : fore wings white at base, with a faint reddish fuscous stain
along costa and inner margin ; basal line dark brown, rather indistinct; wings
beyond fuscous gray, except along ba.sal line on inner margin, which Is whitish :
outer* line gray, indistinct, rounded in middle outwardly, edged within with
dark brown; veins slightly darker than ground color; hind wings pellucid fus-
cous, darker outwardly.
Canada.
Mr. Ragonot gives no locality.
2. A. carya>voreIla Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 4, 1887. — Expands 23 mm.
Fore wings broad, strong, rounded on costa and hind margin, dark bluish gray,
nearly black ; lines dark gray, edged with black, the first straight to median
vein, then oblique to costa, preceded by a line of raised scales ; second line sinu-
ous, indented on the folds, rounded and dentate in the middle. Discal spots
distinct. Hind wings fuscous, head reddish.
Missouri.
I do not know this species.
3. A. aiisiiit«ella Grote, N. Am. Ento. i, 51. 1880; Papilio i, 14, 1881; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, vi, 590, 1880; mlnimella Rag., Ento. Am. v, 113, 1889.—
Expauds 22 mm. Head and thorax very pale reddish. Basal field limited by the
curved anterior line, pale reddish ; a blackish shade before the line, resting on
internal margin, and followed by a red shade; median space fuscous. Discal
dots separate. Posterior Hue denticulate and exserted over median nervures,
indented below costa and on median fold, followed by a reddish shading. Hind
wings smoky, subpellucid ; beneath with two thick, black, basal dashes, one on
costa the other along median vein ; fore wings fuscous beneath, pale aloug costal
region at base.
New York.
Mr. Grote further says this species has been bred by Mr. Akhurst,
of Brooklyn, from larv?e boring into the leaf stems of the hickory
(Carya iip.). Mr. Akhurst has told me the work of the larva^ is
very observable in the spring, for every young sprout bored into
withers away and dies. Often trees have a dead appearance in view
of the ravages of this insect.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (16) APRIL, 1890.
122 GEO. J). HULST.
4. A. demotella Grote, Papilio i, 14, 1881; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr,
vi, 590, 1880. — Expands 24 mm. Fore wings fuscous; base pale, stained with
reddish, with an ashen shade on internal margin in place of the usual scale ridge ;
outer line obliterate, pale, sinuate, not dentate as in angusella, followed by a
vague reddi.sh shade. Head and thorax whitish, with a faint reddish tinge.
Hind wings pale fuscous, with paler fringes. Beneath the hind wings have two
black dashes one median the other costal, not reaching base ; head and thorax
nearly white.
New York.
Prof. Fernald, in connection with his work at the Hatch ICxperi-
ment Station of Massachusetts, has bred the larva. He has kindly
given ine permission to use the description, whicli was briefly written
by his assistant : '' Larva on Black Walnut boring into the ends of
twigs. Length 11 mm. It is cylindrical in shape, tapering to both
ends from the middle. Head rounded, shining dark brown, clypeus
angulate, somewhat V shaped. Antennte yellowish white, tipped with
blown. Mandibles glistening dark hi-own, a few dark brown hairs
scattered over the surface of the head. The general color of the
body is dark olive-brown, of the thoracic plate shining dark brown.
On each segment subdorsally, laterally, and stigmatally is a minute
brown tubercle or piliferous spot from which arises a hair. Spiracles
oval, light brown ; anal shield dark shining brown, with a few scat-
tered hairs. Legs and prolegs brown. One pupated May 20th, and
emerged June 2d. Another pupated June 7th and emerged June
16th."
5. A. caryje Grote, Papilio i. 13, 1881 ; Bull. U. S. Geol. Terr, vi, 590, 1880.—
Expands about 20 mm. Shining gray fuscous, the head and thorax concolorous,
smaller than angusella, without the carneous shadings and reddish thorax and
head. Outer line of the primaries pale, narrow and faint. Inner line a ridge
of raised darker scales, narrowly edged outwardly by a pale flesh-colored shade.
The wing is paler, more greenish at base. Discal points faint. In ornamentation
this species is inconspicuous. Hind wings as usual, blackish; fringes interlined,
concolorous.
Reared by Mr. Coquillett from larvte on Carya jiorcina ; the larva
has been found boring into the twigs.
Larva. — Mr. Coquillett describes the larva as follows : " Body
cylindrical, smooth, pale greenish ash ; a pale brown subdorsal dot
on each side of segment 2; a wavy fold below the s})iracles; the
latter are encircled with a dark brown ring, and there is a brown,
pilifei'ous dot over each ; a few whitish hairs on each side of the
l)ody ; top of segment 1 polished, yellowish green ; head narrower
than segment 1, heart shaped, dark brown; venter pale green, un-
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 123
marked ; sixteen legs. Length 14 mm. Found May 21st burrowing
in the branches of the Pignut Hickory {Carya porcina), usually
selecting the loAver branches; imagos about June 22d.
"Pupa of the usual form, pale brown, rounded at posterior end,
at which place there is a cluster of about four slender hooked spines.
Length 7-8 mm. The larva spins a thin web around the footstalks
of the leaves which grow near the terminal end of the branch, and
then burrows into the terminal bud, and the wood of the present
year's growth. It webs its castings together and forms a short tube
which projects outward from the mouth of its burrow, and is closed
at the outer end. The larva probably a.ssumes the chrysalis form in
its burrow, but those I reared deserted their burrows, and spun tough
cocoons beneath the litter in the bottom of the breeding-cage."
Mr. Grote does not give the habitat of the insect, but Mr. Co-
quillett was at the time, if I am not mistaken, residing in Illinois.
6. A. ni|;rosigiielIa ii. sp.— Expands 16 mm. Labial palpi light marooii-
rert in front, fuscous behind and at t'p; front reddish; antennte dark fuscous;
thorax dark fuscous, washed with deep violet reddish ; abdomen fuscous ochreous,
the anterior segments darker dorsally, with reddish brown ; fore wings short
broad, costa arched, apical angle distinct; color light gray, much overlaid with
blacki,sh, especially at base, in middle field along costa beyond basal line (here
forming a large, triangular patch i and on outer field ; lines rather indistinct, the
first straight, even light gray, edged outwardly with scale ridge, which is bright
reddish with black in middle: outer line very indistinct, nearly lost in dark
outer field, very close to outer margin ; discal spots separate, distinct; base of
wing s(miewhat reddish. Hind wings fuscous. Beneath fore wings dark fuscous,
lighter along inner margin, with a costal black stripe reaching from base to
middle; hind wings even yellow fuscous, with costal black stripe from base to
just beyond middle.
Texas.
In these descriptions I have given all I find on record of the forms
which I think ought to be grouped under the pne species, A. angji-
selhi. Prof Fernald, by the specimens bred by him and which I
have examined, demonstrates the fact that the black dashes below
are sexual, and are found in the male only. The specimens which
I have seen vary among themselves in the matter of the reddish
color on fore wings, and the number and extent of the black dashes
below on hind wings. I do not believe, in view of the variability,
there is more than one species. Mlnhnella was described from a 9 ,
and differs in nothing, except smallness of size from anguseJIa, but
this difference is not unusual. Whether the forms be species or va-
124 GEO. D. HULST.
rieties there ought to be some way of designating tlie different forms,
and I would thus distinguish them :
1. Hind wiugs with one or more black dashes beneath in % 2.
" without black dashes beneath ; fore wings without reddish band
above cnryse.
2. Fore wings above with reddisli band 3.
" without reddish hand ; liind wings with two Mack dashes.
demotella.
'.i. Hind wings with two black dashes beneath angunella.
" with one only nigrosigiiella.
1 am as certain as I can be from a description, without seeing the
insect, that carycevorel/a Rag. given above is also a synonynt of this
insect. If he had the % , and it had no dash below, then a synonym
of caryce ; if he had the 9 *^'ily, then of that, or of demotelht. But
as I have not seen the insect I give the name the benefit of what
doubt there is.
7. A. riibrifasciella Pack.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. x, 267, 1873;
Grote, Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 693. — Body and wings slate-ash, glistening;
thorax tinge^l with reddish brown and with the head giving otF faint metallic
colors : palpi blackish on the outside. Fore wings rather bro-ad ; just within the
basal third a straight line of raised scales, extending from inner edge, and stop-
jiing short of the subcostal vein, conspicuously black externally, concolorous with
the wing within ; the black line is bordered with vermillion (sometimes wanting),
which usually reaches the costal edge. Base of wing slightly paler than middle
of wing. A light triangular paler shade in the costal region of the middle of
the wing, enclosing the two black discal spots. A snbmarginal faint narrow line,
curved outward in the middle, with four or five acute scallops. Fringe concol-
orous with rest of wing. Hind wings pale glistening cinereous. Beneatli, fore
wings quite dusky with no markings; hind wings much paler, growing darker
towards the costa Legs dark ash, paler at the end of the joints, e.specially the
hind tibife, which have a whitish band around them ; hind legs whitish within
(Packard ).
Dr. Packard says, " the larva lives in June and early in July be-
tween the leaves of the Alder (^Abnis), where it makes a hoi-n-shaped
case of black cylindrical pellets of excrement, arranged regularly in
circles, the additions being made around the mouth of the case. The
case is about an inch and a half long ; its mouth is a quarter of an
inch in diameter; within it is densely lined with white silk.
'I'he pupa is of the usual color, mahogany-brown, the end of the
abdomen rounded, with six hairs projecting from a supra-anal pro-
jecting ridge. On each abdominal segment is a dorsal dusky trans-
verse strij)e, widest on the basal segment. The pupa state lasts about
two weeks, the moth which I reared appearing July 24th, the larva
having' been found Jidv Hth.'"
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 125
Mr. Beutenmuller, having raised the larva, gives me the following
description :
"Head deep chestnut-brown, rugose; mouth-parts whitish; cervical shield
chestnut-brown, divided in the middle by the color of the body, which is brown,
with a pinkish hue. On each side of the body are scattered a few minute pilif-
erous spots each bearing a light brown hair; ou each side of the first and second
segments a shining black spot. Thoracic feet black : abdouiinal feet concolorous
with body. Length 13 mm. Larva taken May 30th, emerged June 17th."
8. A. <*oini>toiiiella n. sp.
Extremely like rubrifasciefla Pack., and indeed I can find no point
of distinction in the imagines. The insect is, on the average, some-
what larger, and more robust, with the wings slightly broader. The
outes line is almost obsolete, as are the discal spots; the hind wings
are genei'ally darker.
F'ound in Maine, Massachu.setts, New York ; common near New
York, feeding on Comptonia asj)lenifo/ia and Myrica ceriferd.
Larva. — Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller (Ento. Am. v, 38, 1889) gives
the following description :
"Head chestnut-brown, mouth-parts pitchy-black. Body above dirty green
with two rows of black piliferous spots on each side, and all bearing a light brown
hair. Spiracles black ; underside of body same color as above. Length Ifi mm.
" Lives singly in a pyriform case made of frass between the terminal
leaves of the branches of Myrica. cerlfera."
The case is more nearly broadly oval than pyriform, and is a thick
and .solid silk covering with a long flabby tul)e at opening. The
case is about 20 mm. long by 15 mm. wide. In many instances two
are spun together side by side the openings always in the same di-
rection, the cases being unconnected within.
9. A. betiilella n. sp.
Another insect very closely resembling rubrifasciel/a Pack., and
also comptonieUa. It differs, first, in having the most of the fore
wings washed lightly with violet red ; secondly in lacking the basal
red cross-band entirely. The basal line is obsolete, and the outer
line and discal spots distinct. Hind wings dark fuscous. Feeds on
Betula, the imagos emerging late in June and early in July.
The larva I have not seen. The case, which afterwards becomes
the cocoon, very closely resembles that of A. comptoniella. It is
always a cleaner mass of silk not having fine pieces of leaves wound
in with the outside. It may be only a variety of comptoniella.
126 GEO. D. HULST.
10. A. hebescella n. sp. — Expands 18—20 mm. Labial palpi blackish gray.
Head ochreous fuscous, thorax dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous gray, annulate
with fuscous. Fore wings short, very broad, strongly arched on costa and inner
margin, ochreous fuscous, quite dark; lines indistinct, basal hardly discernible,
faintly gray, edged outwardly with black at costa, ; scale ridge black, short ; outer
line dentate, shown by black borderlines on ground color; discal spots quite
distinct, confluent. Hind wings dark even fuscous.
New Jersey, Texas.
A specimen from New Jersey, received from Prof J. B. Smith,
has on it a Uibel marked " on oak, Jersey pines, June." The pin is
thrust thr(High an oval close cocoon which was undoubtedly made at
or under the surface of the ground. The pupal skin within has six
spines at the anal extremity, and is of a cherry-brown color, the
spiracles darker.
I have myself found the larval cases of a Phycitid in southern
New Jersey, on a large-leaved oak, which may be the cases of this
species. They were horn-like, much resembling those of indigenella.
The larva turned over the edge of the large leaf binding the edges,
and forming a habitation large enough to move about freely within.
The case itself was fa.stened within with threads of silk.
11. A. gulosella n. sp. — Expands 22 mm. Palpi blackish gray; front light
gray; antennie blackish; thorax gray. Abdomen light gray; fore wings even
light gray, sprinkled thickly with black, giving a blue-gray appearance; lines
distinct ; basal broad, light gray, edged inwardly with a black scale ridge, out-
wardly with a scalloped black line; outer line zigzag with two strong denta-
tions, light gray, edged inwardly with a black line; a rather heavy marginal
line; discal spot oval, white; a black spot with raised scales at middle of
middle tield. Hind wings fuscous, darker at edges.
Hot Springs, N. Mexico. Taken in August at light.
miATEOIiA:^'' n. gen.
(Type indigenella Zell.)
The same as Acrobasis, except that the fore wings have no basal
scale ridge above.
Heretofore the existence of a basal scale ridge on fore wings above
has not generally been regarded as being of generic value in the
Phycitidie. My own opinion is, it is one of the best of genei'ic char-
acteristics. 1. It is a structural character. 2. It is of a kind with
many others universally regarded of generic importance, e. g. the
costal fold, the tuftings in the bend of the antennae, the thoracic
tufts, the tuft at the summit of the basal member in Acrobasis itself.
* An ancient tribe of Indians on Long Island, N. Y.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 127
It is true that as I have shown that this is the result of a protuber-
ance on the member itself, but that fact was before unknown, and
yet the generic importance of the mere tuft of scales was never
questioned. 3. It is an easily observed character. 4. It is conunon
to both sexes, which is a very important matter. 5. It is ho more
variable than venation and antennal vestiture. 6. I have not yet
found a single instance in which it was absent and present in different
specimens of the same species. As heretofore, I give for all genera
the names of extinct, or likely to be extinct, Indian tribes of North
America.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings with red basal cross-veiu more or less complete 2.
" without this 3.
2. Basal line strongly dentate caligiiiella.
Basal line nearly straight tricolorella.
3. Fore wings with black line running from basal Hue at costa to centre of mid-
dle field at inuer margin ; larva in horu-shaped case....iiifli^euella.
Fore wings without this line 4.
4. Fore wiugs light gray on anterior middle tield ; larva in berries without case.
vacciuii.
" not light gray 5.
r>. Fore wings dark dull fuscous, lines indistinct; larva in cylindric case smaller
at both ends juglaii<li»«.
" blackish, lines distinct amplexella.
1. M. tricolorella Grt, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 694, 1878 {Acro-
6as/s).— Expands 20 mm. Fore wings blackish, shaded with whitish gray on
terminal space outwardly, on costal region, over the fused discal points and on
basal space. A broad white band before the anterior line. Below median vein
this band is edged outwardly by a dusky shade line, and this is followed by a
yellow red shade, before the outwardly oblique black anterior line. Outer line
followed by a whitish shade, roundedly indented below costa, followed by the
blackish ground color iu terminal space, and this by the whitish gray terminal
shading. A dotted terminal black line ; fringes pale. Secondaries pale fuscous,
with paler fringes. Beneath, fore wings dark ; hiud wiugs pale fuscous.
Maine, Nevada, California.
I can see no difference between the Eastern and Western speci-
mens.
2. M. aiiiplexella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 3. 1887 (Jcroirtsis).— Expands
15 — 17 mm. Fore wiugs short, costa slightly rounded, purplish fuscous, with a
snowy-white costal patch enclosing the distinct black discal spots. First line
snowy-white, oblique, rounded; second line dark gray, slightly sinuous, dis
tinctly black margined on both sides. Hiud wiugs fuscous.
North Carolina, Texas, Missouri.
128 GEO. D. HULST.
3. ]?I. caliginella Hulst. Ento. Am. iii, 131, Oct. 1887 { Nephojjtenjx) ; Ento.
Am. V. 156, 1889; comptella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 4, Dec. 1887 iAcrobasis).—
Expands 21 mm. Head fuscous gray. Palpi black, with a few gray scales.
Thorax gray in front, fuscous behind. Abdomen ocher fuscous, the segments
darker anteriorly. Fore wings very much the color of Phycita indigenella, light
gray on anterior portion of ba-sal and central field, fuscous on po.sterior portion.
Basal cross-line subparallel with outer line, twice dentate outwardly, clear white
anteriorly, gray towards inner margin, shaded outwardly. Outer line gray, sub-
parallel with margin, with large sinus outwardly near middle, faintly shadowed
on both sides. Outer space fuscous, shading into gray towards margin. An in-
terrupted row of black points on the margin with fuscous gray fringes not inter-
lined. Hind wings light fuscous, with dark fuscous marginal line. Beneath
dark fuscous on fore wings and at apex of hind wings, the latter otherwise light
fuscous.
Arizona, California.
4. M. vacciiiii Riley, Can. Ento. xvi, 237, 1884 (Acrobasis) ; Dejit. Agric.
Rept. 1884, 352; Smith, Dept. Agric. Rept. 1884, 394; Bull, iv, Dept. Agric. 1884-
p. 28; Saunders, Ins. injurious to fruits p. 375, 1883.
Expands 14-16 mm. General color and appearance of Acrobasis
indigeneUa ZelL, but a somewhat smaller species with primaries
usually narrower. It may be distinguished by the following differ-
ences as compared with indigeneUa; colors of a colder gray with
less reddish brown or tawny on the inner portions of primaries, and
with the pale costal parts nearly pure white, so as to contrast more
fully with the dark shades, and to more fully relieve the basal branch
of the forked shade on the inner part of the first or basal line, this
basal branch being also usually darker than the outer or posterior
branch. The triangular costal patch from the basal line is obsolete.
The transverse pale lines are less clearly defined, and the terminal is
nearer the posterior border of the wing, i. e., the median field is
wider. The geminate discal dots are always well separated and the
inner one well relieved by the white which extends around it on the
darker ground and often forms an annulus. The oblique shade from
apex is less clearly defined.
Egg. — About 0.4 mm. long and 0.3 mm. broad ; ovate or almost circular, and
flattened or plano-convex, the form varying with the surface of attachment, to
which, while plastic, it partly conforms. Color olive green or brown.
Larva. — Average length when full grown 10 mm. Convex above, flattened
beneath. Surface of body minutely granulate, with a dull, somewhat greasy
appearance. Color varying from greenish yellow to olive-green, reddish or
brownish, being generally darkest towards the anal end. Head yellow, polished,
somewhat lighter towards the mouth, with the sutures of the clypeus slightly
brown, and the anterior angles of the head distinctly so; labrum, antennse and
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 129
palpi wliite; mandibles yellowish at base, becoming blackish toward tip; ocelli
black ; cervical shield somewhat paler than the head, almost colorless anteriorly,
its median line scarcely paler, without any markings, except a brownish or
blackish wart a little in front, above the stigma. Anal plate of the same color;
stigmata extremely small, except first and last pair, oval and pale brown. Pi-
liferous warts only about half the size of stigmata, very pale brown and iwlished,
each supporting a fine hair of a faintly yellowish color, of which those on the
posterior row of warts are much the longest, and are directed forward ; similar
long hnirs are also on the liead, thorax, around the margin of the anal plate, and
along the sides of the body. Legs concolorous with the body.
Pupa. — Average length 7 mm. Brownish yellow ; stigmata brown. A dorsal,
dark brown, transverse band, anteriorly on last joint ; tip broad, almost straight,
having a small tooth at each angle, and along its inferior edge four fine, yellow-
ish brown bristles, twisted and directed forward. Abdomen slightly punctate
(Rilej*).
Mr. J. B. 8mith, who discovered the moth, studied its habits and
ascertained its life-history, reports upon it in summary as follows :
At Cape Cod, Mass., the imagines were found flying from July 10th
to 16th. The eggs were laid upon the partially grown berries of the
cranberry. No eggs were laid on blossoms or very young berries.
One egg is laid on a single berry. The egg state lasts from six to
eight days; the young larva hatching, spins a few threads as sup-
ports, eats for a day or two on the outside and then burrows into the
berry. It eats out one, then goes to another, often ruining three or
four in a season. It generally leaves the berries for pupation in
September and October, though a few remain later. It pupates
under the ground, forming a cocoon of silk covered with earth. The
larva changes into a pupa in the following spring. The moths
emerge late in June or early in July.
The insect was found commonly among the cranberry bogs of
Cape Cod, Mass., and more sparingly among the bogs of New Jersey.
I have also received specimens from central Texas.
This species agrees in some of its specimens absolutely so far as I
can see with some specimens of indigeiiella. Thei'e are no points in
markings or coloration which do not have their counterjmrts. Of
course the species are distinct, in view of the larval history. But
all through the Phycitidte this difficulty is encountered, that species
in all that is superficial intergrade, or are in the main counterparts.
Often venation or other structure has to be studied to be certain to
which species the insect examined belongs. In the case of vaccinii
it seems to me the tuft at the summit of the basal member of the
antennae is always larger than it is in Indigenella.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (17) MAY, 1890.
130 GEO. D. HULST.
Kl
5. M. iiidigenella Zell. Isis 1848, p.-eST (M?/eZois) ; Riley, Report Ins. Mo.
iv, p. 41; Glover, Dept. Agric. 1867, p. 73; Packard, Guide 1869, 331; French,
111. Rep. vii, 249, fig. 46, 1877; Riley, Can. Euto. xvi, 238, 1884; Grote, Can. Ento.
xvii, 2.52, 1885; Weed, 111. Rep. xv, 65, (Printed 1889); Saunders, Can. Ento. ii.
126, 1870; Ins. injurious to fruits, p. 93, 1883.
:Nehulo Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. ix, p. 312, 1863 (Phyeita) ; Proc. Ento. ii,
p. 18, 1867.
Zelatella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 136, 1887 (Myelois).
Walsh's description is as follows :
" Expansion of wings g of an inch. (== 17 — 18 mui.) Length of body J of an
inch. (=: 7 — 8 mm.) Ground color light cinereous varied with dusky ; a row of
seven subsemilunar or linear dark spots on the outer margin of the wing: then
one-fourth of the distance to the body, a waving light cinereous band, parallel
to the exterior margin, marked on each side with dusky black. Nearly at the
center a much abbreviated black band. Beyond the center on the costa a sub-
triangular dusky black spot, the ai)ex of which connects with the apex of a mnch
larger subobsolete triangular brick-red spot, which extends to the interior mar-
gin, and is bounded on the outside by a wavy, light cinereous band, which is
again bounded by a wavy, dusky black band proceeding from the ape.x of the
costal triangle. Base of the wing dusky black, inclosing a small, round, cine-
reous spot. Hind wings and all beneath light cinereous, shaded with dusky, the
fore wings darker. Tarsi dusky, with a narrow, light, cinereous fascia at the
apex of each joint. Hind tibia fasciate, with dusky at the apex, sometimes ob-
scurely bifasciate. Middle tibia fasciate, with dusky at the centre, the fascia
generally extending to the base, but becoming lighter. Anterior tibia dusky,
with a narrow, apical, light cinereous fascia ; palpi, both labial and maxillary,
dusky."
Larva. — This Riley describes as follows:
" Brown or greenish in color, cylindrical, tapering gradually from first to last
joint. Head and cervical shield darker than the rest of the body, slightly sha-
greened, sparsely covered with long hairs, the shield quite large, convex and
occupying the whole surface between stigmata, there being in front of the latter
a subcervical, dark, horny plate. Joints 2 and 3 wrinkled, the former with two
rather conspicuous dark dorsal piliferous spots. The other joints with a few
fine hairs, the stigmata plainly visible, and the anal covering, but slightly horny,
Legs and prolegs of moderate size, and of the same color as body."
Pupa mahogany-brown, with no striking character. Abdomen, especially
above, with very minute punctures.
Weed gives the following summary of history, Illinois Rep. xv,
1885-86 (printed 1889) :
" Recapitulating the facts brought out in various articles, the life-
history of the ' leaf cruaipler' may be briefly given as follows: The
small, grayish moths appear in June or July, and deposit eggs on
the various trees, which serve as food-plants for the larvse. From
these eggs soon hatch small brownish worms, which construct tubular
silken cases, within which they remain concealed when not eating.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 131
As they grow larger they draw about the openings of their abodes
many partially eaten leaves, so that by autumn there is quite a
bunch about each case. At the approach of cold weather the cases
are attached to the twigs by means of silken threads, the larvae fre-
quently gnawing away the bark to insure a firm hold ; and thus the
wintei" is passed. As soon in spring as the leaves begin to appear,
the larvfe attack them, frequently eating out the flower buds as well.
They continue feeding and gnawing until some time in June, when
they become pupae. About a fortnight later the moths emerge, and
thus the life cycle is completed. The larv?e, it appears, feeds habit-
ually upon the Apple, Quince, possibly the Peach, and on both the
wild, and cultivated varieties of the Cherry, Plum and Crab-apple.
It has been found in New England, Canada, New York, Illinois,
Iowa, Kansas and Texas, so that it probably covers the whole country
east of the plains. It is very destructive to orchards in the Western
States."
Var. iiebulella Riley, Eep. Ins. Mo. iv, 41.
This differs in the more uniform and subdued tone of the fore-
wings, the markings being more suffused and indistinct, but princi-
pally in the relative narrowness of the space outside the transverse
])osterior line, the greater consequent width of the middle field, and
the smallness of the triangular broAvn spot, the space it occu[)ies on
the inner margin being scarcely one-half as wide as that between it
and the transverse posterior line. The discal spots are also sepa-
rated. Bred from Wild Crab ( Crataegus).
I have specimens in which the brown triangle is obsolete. This
name may stand for the variations which comparatively lack this
spot, and as well all reddish color on the fore wings.
6. M. jUglaiKlis Le Baron, Ins. 111. ii, 123, 1872 (Phycita); Kiley, Ins. Mo.
iv, 73, 1872; French, 111. Rep. vii, 249, 1876; Packard, Ins. inj. shade trees, p. 82,
1881.
The description of indlgenella Zell. will answer very well for this
insect. The imaginal differences as they exist in some specimens
Prof. Riley sums up as follows : " It is distinguished as follows : first,
by the paler basal area of the front wings, which is sometimes almost
white, especially near the costa, and by the head and shoulders and
sometimes the antennal horn j)artaking of this paler color; secondly,
by the darker median space, the dark triangular costal spot not being
well relieved posteriorly, but extending so as sometimes to darken
132 GEO. B. HULST.
the whole space ; thirdly, by the discal spots always being well
separated.''
There is no doubt that, if the larval history were not known, these
two insects would be regarded as one sj^ecies only, and not enough
separated to be worthy a varietal name. But in view of the larval
history there can be no doubt of their distinctness. I have found
instances where the normal structure of the larval case was modified
to suit circumstances, but never anything which approached so wide
a departure of type as in these two insects, and then only as a tem-
porary expedient.
Prof. Riley says of this insect: "the case of this insect is invaria-
bly straight, and the excrementitious grains which cover it on the
outside are very closely and neatly woven together. It is attached
by the small posterior end to the main leaf stalk, and the worm
draws down and fastens two of the leaflets to hide it, and then feeds
upon them from the point to the base. The worm differs in no re-
spect from nebulo, except in being more commonly dark greenish.
There is probably but one brood a year, and as with nebvlo the larva
passes the winter in a partially groAvn condition. As it lives in the
summer on a compound leaf, it very wisely abandons this leaf and
anchors its case firmly to the more enduring twig before winter sets
in."
A difficulty has presented itself in connection with this insect
which I have not been able, satisfactorily, to settle. The insect is
ordinarily known as juglandis Le Baron. It was described by
Le Baron in the 2d Report Illinois Insects. The same insect was de-
scribed by Prof. Riley under the same name in the 4th Rept. Ins. Mo.
Which description was first published I have as yet been unable to
ascertain. The probabilities are that Prof. Riley's report first saw
the light. It is a custom of courtesy to give a name to another
author as his mss. name, but I do not think this possible under
present zoological ideas. The first publisher of the name has pri-
ority, and the name stands as his. Were I certain of the dates of
publication, and knew that of Prof Riley's to antedate that of Le
Baron, I would write the species juglandis Riley. But in view of
the uncertainty, I follow the method of the i)ast.
PIESMOPODA Zell.
(Type rubicundella Zell.)
Isis 1848. p. 606-863.
Labial palpi asceudiug, exceediug head, the end member rather long ; maxillary
palpi distinct, filiform ; tongue strong ; ocelli distinct; antenuse of % thick, ob-
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 133
liquely creiiulate, pubesceut, strongly notched near base ; fore wings elongated,
narrow ; hind wings with transparent spots between the veins near base ; thorax
below with a tuft of hairs behind second segment. Venation : fore wings 11
veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, or appearing stemmed, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins,
2 distant from angle. 3 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed, 8 long; cell very short, not
more than one-fifth length of wing.
This is a summary of the characteristics of the genus as I learn
from Zeller's description, with some added details from Mr. Ragonot,
who has seen the type. Mr. Ragonot has seen the two si)ecies fol-
lowing and says they belong to Piesmojyoda, but I place them here
with grave doubt, and only because, unfortunately, I have now no
% to compare with the above diagnosis of the genus. Both species,
howev*er, are separated from the typical form in the 9 by having
in the hind wings 2 at the angle, and 8 very short. The two species
also differ from each other. In P. filiolella 4 and 5 of the fore wings
are long stemmed ; in F. subrvfeUa they are separate. Whether the
tyj)e of the genus has ocelli I do not know. Zeller, in one place,
says it does, in another says, with doubt, it does not.
1. P. subrufella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 132. 1887 (A^'ep/tojjfer^/.e).— Expands
12 — 14 mm. Head and thorax purple fuscous. Abdomen ochre fuscous, with
l)urple tinge on dorsum. Fore wings ochre fuscous. Basal line black, or purple
l)lack, sometimes obsolete. Middle and outer fields reddish fuscous, generally
with a purple stain, except along costa, which over middle space is marked with
a grayish stripe. Outer line faint, edged on each side with purple reddish. A
small, black, discal point. Hind wings light fuscous. Beneath light ocher fuscous.
Florida, April.
2. I*, filiolella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 117, 1888 iNe2]hopteryx).—Exiydnds
16 — 18mm. Palpi reddish brown; head and thorax brown; abdomen brown,
with an ochreous shading. Fore wings brown, ocherish gray along costa, chest-
nut-red on posterior median space and outer margin ; basal line blackish, indis-
tinct ; outer line dark gray, broad, indistinct, edged on both .sides with blackish.
Hind wings fuscous, outer margin and veins much darker.
Texas, April.
PIIYCITOPSIS Eag.
(Tyj)e Jlavicornella Rag.)
Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 4, 1887.
Of this genus Mr. Ragonot says : " Very close to Phycita, of similar
neu ration and shape, but antennse strongly crenate pubescent, not
curved near base and without any tuft of scales." The description
of Phycita apart from the characters mentioned is as follows :
Labial palpi erect, recurved; second member twice third; maxillary palpi
])resent, distinct; tongue strong ; ocelli present; legs, all tarsi spinulated ; fore
134 GEO. D. HULST.
tibia shorter than tarsus. Phycita spissicella is tufted on thorax below on each
side. Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate ; hind wings
8 veins, 2 near angle, 3 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed, 6 short stemmed with 7; cell
short, about one-third of wing.
1. P. flavicornella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 4, 1887 (Phycitopsis).—Ex-
pauds 26 mm. Fore wings elongate, nearly straight on costa, gray, marked with
reddish brown and suffused with blackish toward the costa ; lines approximate,
gray, indistinctly edged with brownish black, a triangular patch of brownish red
and black scales before fir.st line. Discal spots invisible. Antennte pale yellow,
head in front dark. Very much like Phycita spissicella Fab. in appearance.
Texas.
DIORYC'TRIA Zell.
(Type abietella S. V.)
Isis, 1846, p. 732; Isis, 1848, p. 585; Von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 148, 1865; Eagonot.
En to. Mon. Mag. xxii, p. 52, 1885.
Labial palpi erect, exceeding front; maxillary palpi distinct, filiform; tongue
strong, ocelli present; antennpe of % pubescent, slightly bent above base with a
ridge of appressed tufts of scales in bend. Venation : fore wings 11 veins. 4
and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins, 2 quite far from angle, 4 and 5
stemmed, 6 and 7 stemmed.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings bright orange-yellow »tiraiiticella.
" fuscous gray abietella.
" ferruginous clarioralis.
" more or less red aetualis.
1. n. aiiraiiticella Grote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1883, p. 57 (Nephoiiteryx).
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. viii, 57, 1883; Hulst, Ento. Am. v, 156, 1889; miniatella
Rag. Uiag. N. A. Phyc. p. 4, 1887 {Dioryctria). — Expands 30 mm. " Fore wings
bright orange-red. A white, somewhat diffuse longitudinal stripe from base to
end of median vein, followed by a slight oblique white clouding; subterminal
line white, contrasting with the red wing, running inwards a little on costal and
internal margins. The wing is more yellowish or orange at base, redder out-
wardly. Tegulse and sides of collar orange. Head above and collar centrally
white. Legs red outwardly; palpi red, white at base. Thorax beneatli, white.
Hind wings pale translucent fuscous, with a fine terminal line and white fringes
interlined at base. Beneath yellowish fuscous, with a red mark on the prima-
ries at costal inception of transverse line. This brilliant species wants the usual
transverse line on wings above."
Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado.
I have received a specimen of his miniate/la from Mr. Ragonot,
and it is the same as Mr. Grote's species. The insect is one of the
most beautiful of all our Phycitidce, and is as well very strongly
marked.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 135
2. D. abiotella S. Y. p. 138. 1776 [Tinea] ; Fabricius, Ento. Sys. iii, 2. 302,
1793; Mant., ii, 245, 1787; lUiger, ii. B, p. 102, N. 16, 1801; Bechsteiii, iii, 800,
1805; Zincken Germ. Mag. iii, 160, 1818 (Phycis); Treits.. Schm. Eur. ix, 1, 177;
Dup., Hist. Nat. x, 281, 4; Charpentier, Schm. Wieii. p. 133, 1821 ; Lienig, Lievl.
Fal. p. 119; Ratz., Fonst. Iii.s. xv, fig. 2, 1840; Eversmann, Fauna Lep. p. 561,
1844; Steph., Brit. Ent. iv, 309, 1834 (Phycita); Wood, Index Meth. fig. 1, 472;
West, and Hump. Brit. Moths, p. 232, pi. 115, fig. 26, 1839; Zeller, Isis, 1846, p.
176 {Dioryctriai; Herrich Schaeffer, Sys. Bear. iv. p. 79, 1849; Wall., Pyr. p.
1033, 1859; Bonwst, iii, p. 202, N. 40; Stainton, Manual ii, 175, 1859; Morris,
Brit. Moths, pi. 80, fig. 12, 1872; Snellen, Vlin. Neth. Micr. i, p. 133; De Geer,
Ins. ii, p. 360 362, 439, pi. 9, figs. 10, 13, 14; Frey, Lep. Schw. p. 573. 1880;
Schneid., Ins. Norw., iii, 125.
deciiriella Hiib., Samml. p. 35, 17, pi. 11, 74; Verz,, p. 370; Rag., Ento. Men.
Mag. xxii, 52, 1885.
reniculella Grt., N. A. Ento. i, 67, 1880 (Pinipestis).
abietivorella Grt., Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. iv, 701, 1878 {Pltiipestis).
Labial palpi, head, thorax and fore wings light gray, washed somewhat with
fuscous and heavily sprinkled with blackish scales, giving to all a blackish gray
appearance; basal field with two black spots along inner margin ; middle field
more heavily blackened over inner half, becoming often a blackish band ; outer
field lightest along outer margin, on which the blackish veins show distinctly ;
lines generally very distinct, white, lined on both sides with black ; the basal
narrow, twice dentate, somewhat oblitiue; the outer also dentate below costa
and near inner margin, and more finely between these two. Discal spot a white
lunule. Hind wings light pellucid fuscous, darker on veins and outwardly.
The larva bores into and feeds upon Pines. It does not seem to
be very coniraon in America, though it is said sometime* to cause
great destruction to Pine forests in Europe. I have seen no descrip-
tion of the larva, but it probably resembles very closely in appear-
ance and habits that of P. Zhnmermanni Grt. Dr. Frey (Lep. Sch.
J). 273) says it lives in the pitch of Pine trees, and Siebke, in
"Schneider's Insects of Norway," says the adult larva hibernates
under mosses. The insect flies in June and July, and has been taken
generally in the Eastern States as well as in Texas and Colorado.
3. D. actualis Hulst. Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 161, 1886 [Nephopteryx]. —
Expands 26 mm. Palpi, head and thorax black, with intermingled white scales
giving a dark gray aspect. Abdomen grayish fuscous; fore wings cinereous
fuscous, basal space in middle reddish; first line white, edged outwardly with
black, which is pronounced at costa; this line is angulated twice and begins on
costa as far from base as on inner margin ; middle space cinereous fuscous out-
wardly; outer line white, angulated ; outer space with reddish, except at costa
and posteriorly; a marginal line of well-marked black dots and a black discal
spot on middle field; hind wings dark fuscous; margin black; all fringes light
fuscous, black at base; beneath, quite even fuscous, a faint outer lighter line on
fore wings.
Colorado.
136 GEO. D. HULST.
I have been perplexed in determining the position of this insect.
The antennae are very nearly intermediate between Dloryctria and
Nephopteryx ; I have finally concluded it favors D lory etria the more,
and so have located it.
4. D. clarioralis Walker, C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 54, 1863 {Nephoptery.c).--Cine-
reous, head and fore part of the thorax blackish cinereous. Fore wings rather
narrow, somewhat rounded at the tips, slightly black speckled, here and there
ferruginous, with two pale cinereous irregularly undulating black bordered lines.
Space on the inner side of the first and discal space between the two lines more
or less clouded with black ; marginal points black ; costa straight, exterior border
slightly convex, hardly oblique. Hind wings brownish cinereous; fringe pale,
cinereous, interlined. Expands about 28 mm.
United States.
This is Walker's description ; the reference is Mr. Kagonot's. I
do not know the insect.
PINIPESTIS Grote.
(Type Zhnmermanni Grt.)
Can. Ento. x, 19, 1878 ; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 699, 1878.
In every resi:)ect like Diorydria, except that there is upon the fore
wing a raised scale ridge or tufting just within basal line.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Color nearly all reddish pygmseella.
" mostly blackish 2.
2. Cross lines pure white, very distant, basal straight aiiiafolla.
" dull white, quite near, basal oblique Ziiniuerniaiiiii.
" white, approximate, basal dentate ...albovittella n. sp.
1. P. pygmreella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 5, 1887 (Dioryctria). — Ex-
pands 17 mm. Fore wings purplish gray with irregular patches of dark red ;
lines pale gray, sinuous, with black margins, which broaden out into patches on
the costa; scale ridge dark ; an oblique lunule on disc. Hind wings fuscous.
North Carolina, Florida.
2. P. ailiatella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 131, 1887 (Nephopteryx) .—Expands 27
mm. Head light gray ; palpi fuscous ; color light gray. Thorax fuscous in front,
gray behind. Abdomen gray, with the segments banded with fuscous anteriorly,
and a black spot on dorsum. Fore wings brown with some reddish posteriorly,
three white cross lines; the first extra basal, diffuse, broad, edged outwardly with
black ; the second central, twice angulate inwardly, lined outwardly with blacky
which is followed centrally by a whitish blotch ; the third submarginal with large
sinus inwardly below costa, and a dentation before middle, then curved to inner
margin ; it is lined inwardly with black, which is preceded by a diffuse lengthened
whitish blotch, confluent with the rather large white discal spot. Margin a black
line, preceded by a gray baud. Hind wings fuscous, with black marginal line.
Beneath dark fuscous, with lighter fuscous outer line, less distinct on hind wings.
Florida.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 137
3. P. Ziininerniaiiiii Grt , Can. Ento. ix. 161, 1877 (Nephopteryx) ; x, 19,
1878; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 699, 1878 {Pinipestis} ; v, 589, 1879; Pack-
ard, Ins. Inj. Shade Trees, v. 182; Grote. N. Am. Euto. I, 11, pi. 2, fio;. 10, 1879;
Zirumermann, Cau. Ento. x, 20, 1878; Kellicott, Can. Ento, xi, 114; xii, 59. —
Expands 28 — 32 mm. Fore wings blackish gray, shaded with reddish on the
basal and terminal fields; the lines are prominent, consisting of double black
lines enclosing pale bands ; the inner line is perpendicular, bidentate ; the outer
line is once more strongly indented below costa ; the black shadings of jmle lines
equally distinct on both sides; the median field is blackish, becoming pale to-
ward the outer line; it shows a pale sometimes whitish cellular spot, surmounted
with raised scales. It can be seen that these raised scales (easily lost in setting
the insect), accompany the median lines as well as form the discal mark and
the basal line; the terminal edge of the wing is pale or ruddy before the ter-
minal black line; the fringes are blackish. The hind wings are pale yellowish
white, shaded with fuscous on costal region, and more or less terminally before
the blackish terminal black line ; the fringes are dusky. Beneath the fore wings
are blackish, marked with pale on costa ; hind wings as on upper surface.
Mr. Grote says, also, Can. Ento. ix, 161 : " in the months of June
and July, the Red Pine ( Fhius resinosa) and tlie White Pine (Finus
sfrobiis), show by the exuding pitch that they are suffering from the
attacks of an insect. The wounds occur on the main stem below
the insertion of the branch. On cutting into the bark the injury is
found to be caused by a small larva, which, when full grown, meas-
ures 16-18 mm. The head is shining chestnut-brown with black
mandibles. The body is livid or blackish green, naked, with series
of black dots, each dot giving ri.se to a single, rather stout bristle.
The prothoracic shield is blackish. The larva has sixteen legs.
This larva, eating on the inner side of the bark and making furrows
in the wood, causes the bleeding, which, when depletion is excessive
or continuous, and, especially in the case of young trees, has proved
fatal.
" In July the worm spins a whitish, thin, papery cocoon in the
mass of exuding pitch, which seems to act as a protection to both
larva and the chrysalis. The chrysalis is cylindrical, smooth, nar-
row, blackish brown, about 16 mm. in length. The head is pointed,
there being a pronounced clypeal protuberance; the segments are
unarmed ; the anal plate is provided with a row of four spines and
two others more slender on either side of the mesial line below the
first. The imago appears in ten to fourteen days."
Mr. Grote also .says. Bull. U. >S. Geol. 8urv. Terr, iv, 700, 1878 :
" It is not certain how the hibernation of P. zimmermanni is accom-
plished. From the fact that Mr. Zimmermann has found larviB re-
sembling those of this species in the clots formed by the exuding
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (18) MAY, 1890.
138 GEO. D. HULST.
pitch in Jaiiuarv, it may be that the species winters in the larval
state, and that it is single brooded. The identification of these
winter larvse is not complete. In color they are more pinkish than
the specimens taken in June. Again, whether the larvse feed on the
gum or not is uncertain, though certain of the facts observed point
to this conclusion." The insect is found in New York and Pennsyl-
vania, and Mr. Grote says he has known it to be in such abundance
that young Pine trees were killed by it.
Mr. Zimmermann (Can. Ento. x, 20, 1878), says: "There is
scarcely a Pine more than four feet high on our grounds that is not
more or less affected by this borer." Further on he says: " Pinus
aylvestris seems to suffer most, as the limbs, and often the main stem,
are constantly breaking off."
Mr. Kellicott says (Can. Ent. xi, 115): "April 12th I took many
larva of various sizes, .25 — .70 of an inch (6-18 mm.) in length
when crawling, so there is no longer any doubt as to the winter
stage. None of those taken were ' livid, or blackish green,' but dull
white ; nor do the hairs arise from a ' series of black dots,' but from
light brown ones. I take it to be a case where a naked hibernating
larva is lighter than during the warm summer."
4. P. albovittella n. sp. — Expands 25 mm. Labial palpi and liead fus-
cous gray; thorax gray; abdomen light gray ; antennse fuscous, tuft black; fore
wings light gray, overlaid more or less thickly with a powdering of black ; basal
field rather long ; at the middle a raised ridge of black scales: basal line white,
bidentate, lined with black on the outside; discal spot white, rather large, oval,
consisting of large raised scales; outer line bidentate, wavy, lined with black
within, extreme costa blackish ; a faint shade of reddish basally. Hind wings
transparent light fuscous, darker on veins.
Hot Springs, N. Mex., August. This insect has considerably the
appearance of the lighter specimens of Salebria contatella Grote.
DASYPYGA Rag.
(Type alteniosquameUa Rag.)
Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 5.
Labial palpi ascending, maxillary palpi filiform ; antennae simple, pubescent;
fore wings rather short, costa nearly straight, hind margin sinuous. Venation :
fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate but close, 10 separate ; hind wings, 2 near
angle, 4 and 5 stemmed, 3 close appearing stemmed with these, 8 separate from 7.
Fore wings with basal scale ridge.
1. D. alternosquainella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 5, 1887 {Dasypyga).
— Expands 20 mm. Fore wings reddish ochreous, with a rosy hue, base to nearly
the middle of the wing suffused with grayish black. First line straight, oblique,
lirowu, edged with blackish internally, and externally with a line of dark red-
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 139
dish brown raised scales; second line very approximate to hind margin, sinuous,
lined with dark brown. A whitish streak on median vein and a dark brown
streak on each fold ; ciliie blackish.
California.
Variety stictopliorella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 5, 1887.
This has tlie streak on the median vein pure white and the lower
discal spot is distinctly marked in it.
TACOMA* Hulst.
(Type feri ell a Hulst)
Ento. Am. iv, 115, 1888.
Labial palpi erect, rather short: maxillary palpi distinct, filiform; tongue
strong; ocelli present; antennae of % bent above base, a very large tuft of scales
in bend. Genitalia of '^ : uncus short, broad at base ; harpte bilobed, without
clasper spine ; lower plate spatulate, armed with inturned hairs ; within, in pas-
sage, one short stout, and one long slender spine. Venation : fore wings 11
veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 10 separate ; hind wings 2 near angle, 3, 4 and 5 stemmed ;
6, 7 and 8 stemmed ; cell very short, about one-fourth wing.
Abdomen of 9 with ten or twelve short spines on the penulti-
mate and antepenultimate segments beneath.
1. T. feriella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 11.5, 1888.— Expands 20 mm. Palpi
gray, white beneath ; head and thorax dark gray with a bluish shade ; abdomen
fuscous gray, interlined with light gray ; fore wings dark gray with a bluish
shade; lines whitish, the inner nearly at middle, angulate. the outer waved
and dentate, subparallel with outer margin; on inner margin just beyond basal
line is a rather large broken white spot ; discal spot faint, with outer edge
whitish; a marginal line of black points; .hind wings fuscous, a black marginal
line.
Texas.
PR0MYL.1:A Rag.
(Type lunigerella Rag.)
Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 5, 1887.
Near Brephia Hein. Antennae thick, pubescent, simple. Palpi thin, ascend-
ing, recurved ; maxillary palpi filiform. Fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 close, but
separate, 10 separate. Hind wings 8 veins, 2 from just before the angle of the
cell, 3 and 5 appearing shortly stemmed, 8 distinctly stemmed with 7.
I have not been able to study, though I have seen the single spe-
cies under this genus.
1. P. lunigerella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 5, 1887.— Expands 22 mm.
Fore wings light reddish brown, with a rosy tint, grayish in median area, cross
lines grayish ; first line oblique, slightly sinuous, externally edged with a black
line and preceded by a Iiroadish red-brown band, which is internally edged by
straight black line; second line sinuous, bulging out in the middle, and lined
with black on both sides; a brown lunule on disc.
Vancouver's Island.
* An Indian tribe of Washington.
140 GEO. D. flULST.
GI.YPTOCERA Rag.
(Type consohrinella Zell.)
Cat. N. A. Phyc. Euto. Am. v, 114, 1889.
Labial palpi short, erect, recurved, middle member heavily scaled, four times
end member; maxillary palpi distinct, small ; tongue middling strong ; antenna
pubescent, bent above base, toothed in bend, with scales appressed, tufted, but
much \\k& Dioryctria ; ocelli distinct. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5
short stemmed, or from a point, 10 separate. Hind wings 8 veins, 2 near angle,
3 stemmed or separate, 4 and 5 stemmed, 8 stemmed with 7. Genitalia not
studied.
This description is from the type in the Cambridge Museum. I ""
am not aware that Mr. Ragonot has described the genus.
1. G. consobrinella Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1872, p. 548 (Beit.
I, 102) (Nephopteryx).—^7i\>^\iAs 22—30 mm. Labial palpi dark fuscous, front
light gray; antennse dark fuscous; thorax fuscous; abdomen dark fuscous, an-
nulated with ocher yellow; fore wings gray, washed over with fuscous, except
at base and on outer field ; base reddish, not so decided costally, often obsolete
altogether, and never reaching basal line; basal line oblique, sinuate, with a
broad blackish inner band ; middle field darker on basal half with a little wash-
ing of reddish; discal spots quite distinct; a short black dash just beyond
lower spot, and another black dash at middle near inner margin ; outer line gray,
finely sinuate, rounded at middle, angulate above and below, edged on both sides
finely with black, as is also the basal line outwardly ; marginal line black ; the
basal line is distant frombase and the two lines approximate on inner margin.
Hind wings yellow light fuscous.
Texas, Florida.
ORTHOL,EI»IS Rag.
{TyY)e jugosella Rag.)
Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. (i, 1887.
Labial palpi thick, broad, brush-like in front, oblique ; maxillary palpi fan-
like; head with a strong tuft of scales in frout; antenna? hardly pubescent,
curved and thickened towards base, with a furrow filled with black scales in the
curve. Fore wings with a basal scale ridge. Venation : fore wings 11 veins,
4 and 5 nearly parallel. Hind wings 8 veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 3 appearing
stemmed with them, 8 separate.
1. O. jugosella Rag., Diag, N. A. Phyc. p. 6, 1887— Expands 20 mm.
Fore wings narrow at base, costa arched, gray, suflfused posteriorly from middle
of median area and in basal area with blackish tinted with purplish ; cross lines
cray, the first oblique, edged externally with black on the costa and preceded on
the inner margin by a straight thick ridge of black scales; second line sinuous:
discal spots distinct.
No locality given.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 141
A9IBESA Grote.
(Type Isetella Grote)
N. A. Ento. i, 98, 1880 ; Pristophora Rag., Auuales Soc. Eato. Frauce, 1887, p.
229.
Labial palpi erect, somewhat recurved, squamose ; maxillary palpi small ;
tongue strong; ocelli present; antennse pubescent, bent above base, without tuft,
but the members prolonged into teeth. Genitalia of % : uncus rounded, conical
with short spine at top; harpe narrow, but little more than a strong long arm
covered with long hairs; lower plate quadrate, conical at end, broad, suddenly
widening below ; the whole resting on a strong framework capable of extension ;
last segment of abdomen beneath with shield and two strong tufts of hairs.
Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins,
2 quite distant from angle, 3 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed.
Synopsis of Species.
1. ColorVeddish purple and whitish lietella.
otherwise 2.
2. Basal line broad black; color white iliveella.
" narrow ; color not white 3.
3. Fore wings triangular, outer line even. Walsiiigliainiella.
" rounded, subparallel ; outer line dentate lallatalis.
1. A. lietella Grote, N. A. Ento. i, 98, 1880.— Expands 20—28 mm. Bright
brown and whitish gray, brightly colored and distinctly marked ; a brown patch
siiading to blackish interiorly on costa, edged inwardly by the black anterior
line, and outwardly by the narrow discal spot, margined straightly in the cell
against a white shade, which comes from the basal field ; anterior line preceded
by brown shade and white line ; median space with a brown shade on inner
margin wide, the lines far apart; outer line blackish, followed by a white line
and succeeded by a diffuse brown shading, which forms a defined blackish brown
spot before the apices on costa. A fine black terminal line; fringes fuscous, with
a hair line at base. Hind wings translucent, with paler interlined fringes. Be-
neath fore wings fuscous; hind wings paler; discontinued exterior lines indi-
cated. Head and thorax gray.
Colorado. A beautiful .species.
2. A. Iliveella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 117, 13SS {Lipographis). —ExiiauAs 29
mm. Palpi, head and thorax pure snowy-white, with a slight sprinkling of
black scales ; abdomen yellowish white ; fore wings pure snowy-white, more or
less marked with black ; costa white; posteriorly the wing is finely marked with
black on veins, and on posterior half stained with fuscous; basal line narrow,
white, shaded inwardly along inner margin with large black spot; outwardly
with narrow line of black ; outer line white, toothed within between the veins,
edged with a line of black points outwardly along margin ; apex with two black
points on either side the outer line; hind wings dirty whitish, yellowish at apex
and along anterior margin.
Colorado.
142 GEO. D. HULST.
3. A. lallatalis Hulst. Traus. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, Ifil, 1885 (Nephoptery.v).
denticulella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 6, 1887 (Pristophora).
Expands 30 — 34 mm. Palpi cinereous, black at base of second labial segment
and at tip. Head and thorax cinereous. Abdomen nearly white, a little fuscous
anteriorly on each segment: the whole of these peppered with black scales; fore
wings cinereous, being white with a liberal peppering of black scales, most de-
cided centrally and posteriorly ; lines hardly to be traced ; the first one showing
in a white crescent, concave outwardly along inner margin and located on costa
by black point outwardly; discal spot black, minute; outer line evident in an
apical white crescent, concave outwardly, inclosing fuscous space; apex white;
marginal line black ; fringe gray, hind wings translucent light fuscous: fringe
a shade lighter; beneath fuscous; the hind wings lighter; a black diffuse spot
at apex of fore wings indicating the outer cross line.
Colorado.
4. A. Walsiiighaini Rag.. Diag X. A. Phyc. p. 6, 1887 (Pristophora).—
Expands 26 mm. Fore wings gray, strongly washed with purplish black in basal
area, and obliquely in median area ; costa ashy gray to second line. Lines white,
narrow, distinct; the first edged internally with blackish, bends suddenly back-
wards along the edges of the cell to the middle of the median area, forming
afterwards an acute angle on the dorsal fold, second line sinuous, rounded in the
middle.
California.
l¥EPHOPTERA'X Hiib.
(Type rhenella Zinck.)
Verz. p. 370, 181G ; Zeller, Isis 1846, p. 731, 732: 1848, p. 585 ; Herrieh-Schaeffer,
Sys. Bear, iv, p. 78, 1849; Von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 149, 1865; Grote, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Terr. iv. 695, 1878 ; N. A. Ento. i, 11, 1879; Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc.
X. S. Wales iii, 201, 1878; Eagonot, Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii, 19, 1885.
Sciota Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 115, 1888.
Labial palpi erect, recurved, end member short, about one-fifth second member;
maxillary palpi distinct, filiform; tongue long and strong; ocelli present; an-
tennae of % bent above base, with heavy scale tuft in bend ; legs, all tarsi spinu-
lated, spurs long, fore tibia = upper tarsus ; abdomen with end segment having
four tufts on each side below. Genitalia of %, : uncus broad, spine short; harpe
narrow, without clasper ; lower plate spatulate conical, passage within with two
heavy spines. Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 very short stemmed or
separate, 10 stemmed or separate; hind wings 8 veins, 2 near angle, 3 separate
though close, 4 and 5 short stemmed or separate, 6 stemmed with 7, 7 stemmed
with 8 or separate ; cell short, about one third wing.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings more or less reddish ochreous. 2.
gray 8.
2. " entirely suffused with reddish inquiliiiella.
3. Middle and outer fields nearly even unicolorous 4.
'' " not even unicolorous .5.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 148
4. Basal field all reddish basilaris.
light ocher gray gilvibasella n. sp.
5. '' all reddish ochreous 6.
" not so .*. 7.
6. hind wiugs light; middle field gray subtinctella.
" dark fuscous; middle field ocher reddish....rubri!«>|>arsella.
7. Red baud before basal line and after outer line ; discal spots distinct.
oralis.
Washed with red along inner margin; no discal spots pergratialis.
A quadrate reddish spot along costa beyond basal line f tiriiirella.
8. Costa lighter than the unicolorous rest of the wing scobiella.
" not lighter 9.
9. Lines generally indistinct; fore wings nearly unicolorous gray.
rhypodella.
distinct 10.
10. Fore wings even brown hypochalciella.
not " 11.
11. Outer line deep angled at 2 and 6: basal shading narrow ra!<»cioIalis.
slightly sinuous ; basal shading heavy black. .crassilasciella.
1. N. pergratialis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 162, 1886.
Urotella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 6, 1887.
Expands 28 mm. Palpi, head and antennae dark brown ; thorax brown, with
a maroon shading. Abdomen fuscous; fore wings cinereous over anterior por-
tion, becoming reddish fuscous on posterior portion ; the inner line indistinct,
but its outer shading of black prominent; outer line near margin finely dentate,
edged on both sides with black, especially to be noticed near apex : a subterminal
cinereous dentate line and a marginal row of black spots ; fringe fuscous, scales
white at ends; hind wings dark fuscous; beneath fore wings dark fuscous, hind
wings fuscous.
Florida.
2. 9i. seobiella Grt., N. A. Ento. i, 51, 1880.
decimerdla Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 117, 1888 {Lipographis).
Expands 26 ram. Palpi, collar and thorax gray, stained with fuscous; head
somewhat whiter ; abdomen light ochreous gray, almost yellowish at middle;
fore wings lead-gray, broadly whitish along costa nearly to apex, whitish with a
reddish .shade along inner margin ; fringes whitish, hind wings dark fuscous,
fringes lighter. There is considerable variation in the different specimen.s, some
having generally a reddish tone, others being more inclined to clear gray.
Texas, New Mexico.
3. IV. fiirfiirella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 131, 1887. — Expands 22 mm. Head,
thorax and fore wings smoky blue-gray. Abdomen yellowish fuscous; fore wiugs
with a black spot along inner margin, one-third from base, with a subobsolete
russet baud, extending from this towards costa, but not reaching beyond middle,
when apparent. Hind wiugs fuscous, lighter basally. Beneath fuscous, darkest
along costa of fore wings.
Florida, Texas.
144 GEO. D. HULST.
4. N. ovali!^ Packard, Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. Hist, x, 269, 1873 (Pempelia) ;
Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 696, 1878; N. A. Ento. i, 11, pi. ii, fig. 9.
9 latifasciella Pack., Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. Hist, x, 269, 1873.
Expands 20 — 25 mm. Body and fore wings ash, being covered with whitish
and brown scales ; fore wings with a short, curved, dark line at ba.se of median
vein. On inner third of wing a broad brown band, directed obliquely outward
from the costa to the inner edge, including a large, distinct, regularly oval (lon-
gitudinal), ochreous spot between the median and submedian veins; two obscure,
black, discal points, situated as usual ; the outer one is enclosed in a dusky shade
crossing the wing obliquely and limited beyond by the usual submarginal zigzag
line; this line is curved inward below the costa; from the middle of the wing
to the inner margin, it is exactly parallel to the outer edge, terminating in an
angle directed outwai-ds. Between this line and the edge is a series of dusky
bars, the interspaces cinereous. A marginal black line; fringe cinereous. Hind
wings pale smoky. Beneath the fore wings dusky, a whitish costal spot near the
apex, but no line ; hind wings slightly paler. Legs dull ash, ringed with whitish.
Maine, New York, Canada, California, Washington, Texas.
Var. geiniiiipiinctella Eag.. Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 7. 1887. — Expands 24 mm.
This variety is white, slightly suffused with grayish, the cross lines white, the
first preceded by a distinct brown orange band marked with black on the veins.
Discal and marginal spots distinct.
California.
Var. hypochalciella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 7, 1887.— Expands 25 mm.
Fore wings unieolorous dark brown, sparingly dusted with whitish, lines whitish,
the band before first line, and its white internal edging invisible; hind wings
and fringes very dark brown.
Washington.
5. IV. rliypodella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 137, October, 1887 (Glyptoteles).
curvatella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 7, December, 1887.
Expands 24 — 26 mm. Labial palpi fuscous gray, sprinkled with black ; an-
tenufe fuscous; head and thorax fuscous gray; abdomen lighter ocher fuscous;
fore wings quite even unieolorous gray, lines generally indistinct, basal oblique,
waved, or dentate; outer heavily dentate beyond anterior angle of cell, then
rounded outwardly, again bent inwards ; inner margin much further than usual,
then turning to costa forming a deep angle; a blackish spot at middle of middle
field. Hind wings yellowish fuscous.
Illinois.
I sent a type to Mr. Ragonot, which he returned labeled Neph.
curvatella. Mr. Ragonot described it as a variety of ovalis Pack.
He has since in a letter expressed his belief it might be a good spe-
cies. For myself I see no resemblance whatever to ovalis in the
insect.
6. ]V. fasciolalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 162, 1886 {Plnipestis\.-~
Expands 29 mm. With very much the aspect of Amhesa lallatalis, but with lines
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 145
rather broad and decided, aud curvatures in opposite direction ; both lines shaded
on both sides with black ; a blackish cloud in median space ending in black discal
spot; hind wings fuscous; beneath fuscous; the fore wings darker with white
spot near apex, showing beginning cff outer line.
Nevada, British Columbia.
The general appearance is very decidedly like an enlarged squa-
mose specimen of Dloryctria abietella.
7. N. I'ubrisparsella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 6, 1887 (Pristophorn).
rufibaseUa Rag., N. A. Phyc. p. 7, 1887.
croceella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 115, 1888 {Sciota}.
Expands 17—19 mm. Fore wings dirty yellowish ochreous, dusted with brick-
red, especially towards the inner margin and base ; cross lines pale, the first blac^k.
margined on both sides, nearly straight: the second sinuous, dentate, edged in-
ternally with black. Discal spots distinct. Thorax reddish, antennse yellowish,
in the curve black on each produced joint. Hind wings semi-ti'ansparent, pale
grayish ochreous.
Texas'.
8. IV. gilvibasella n. sp. — Expands 18 — 20 mm. Labial palpi light ochre-
ous gray ; antennse yellowish fuscous; head light ocher fuscous ; thorax rather
darker; abdomen yellowish fuscous, somewhat annulated with fuscous; fore
wings short, broad, arched on costa, subtriangular, angles distinct, color light
gray, washed over with fuscous, giving a general even fuscous appearance; base
to basal line light ocher gray ; lines very indistinct, the first noticeable only by
the darker outer shadnig, which is broad at costa, narrowing and becoming ob-
solete before reaching inner margin; outer line gray, faint, rounded at middle,
slightly dentate near outer margin ; not heavily shaded with dark fuscous within ;
a single discal spot, faint. Hind wings yellowish fuscous, darker on margin, the
wings somewhat falcate.
Central Texas.
9. X. basilaris Zell., Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 1872, p. 548 (Beit, i, 103).
pl. iii, fig. 23; Grote, N. A. Ento. i, 51, 1880.
Labial palpi fuscous below, whitish at end ; front whitish ; anteunte fuscous
gray, tuft white ; summit of head, thorax and base of wings, reddish ocherous,
the inner margin of base somewhat blackened, basal line distinct, gray, rounded
in middle, dentate near inner margin, edged both sides with deep black ; middle
and outer fields nearly unicolorous gray; outer line faint, gray, showing sharp
dentations. Hind wings yellowish fuscous, darker on veins and on outer margin.
Massachusetts, Texas, Colorado.
10. ]V. iiiqiiiliiiella Eag.. Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 88, 1887.— Expands 18-24
mm. Fore wings gray, posteriorly sutt'used with red, blackish on costa, cross
lines gray, ill-defined, the first slightly elbowed on median vein, indistinctly
black margined, preceded by a broad, straight, red band; second line sinuous,
much clouded witli reddish ; discal spots distinct. In galls of E. snJicis-vo(h(m.
Wisconsin.
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (19) MAY, 1890.
146 GEO. D. HULST.
I identified this as Neph. carneeUa Hulst, Ento. Am. v, p. 156. I
find on an examination of new material tliat I placed two species
under my name, part being Nephoptenjx, part Salehria. I therefore
attach my own name to the species of Sakbrki, thus allowing INIr.
Ragonot's name to remain. The species very closely resemble each
other, but I have seen no males of inqallinella.
11. IV. crassifasciella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 8, 1887.— Expands IG
mm. Fore wings dark gray, lines dark gray, distinctly black margined on both
sides; the first oblique, its anterior edging very broad, nearly perpendii'ular;
second line slightly sinuous. Discal spots distinct.
No locality given, and I have never seen the insect.
12. T¥. subtinctella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 7, 1887.— Expands 24—25
mm. Fore wings very narrow, elongate, gray, suffused with reddish brown, the
costa washed with blackish ; basal area simply gray, a large brick-red patch or
band before the first line. Lines gray, rather ajiproximate, the first perjiendicu-
lar, thrice angulated ; second line sinuous, a black lunule on disc.
California.
I have never seen this insect.
TI.ASCAL,A» n. gen.
(Type reductella Wlk.)
Like Nephojiteryx, differing only in that there is a basal scale ridge
on fore wings above; the venation is as follows in type: fore wings
11 veins, 4 and 5 short stemmed, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins,
2 at angle, 3 separate, but close to stem of 4 and 5, 4 and 5 long
stemmed, 8 separate from 7, but close, 6 separate from 7.
1. T. re<luctella Walk., C. B. M. i)t. 27, p. 62, 1863 (Nephopteryx), Rag.,
Cat. N. A. Phyc. Ento. Am. v, 115, 1888.
gleditschiella Fernald, Dept. Agr. Rep. 1880, p. 262 {Pempelia).
Expands 19 — 22 mm. Head, palpi, antennie, thorax above and beneath, legs
and fore wings light ashy-gray. Most of the examples have a purplish tint ou
all these part.s, deepest on the thorax above and basal portion of fore wings. A
black dash broken in middle crosses the thorax, behind the middle, starting from
under the patagise on either side. Fore wing with a broad black band crossing
it at the basal third, which consists of three or more lines of raised black scales,
the outer one curving obliquely acro.ss from the costa to the median vein, some-
times a little beyond, then inward to vein 1, where it forms an obtu.se angle, the
apex pointing to the base of the wing, then outwardly taking the same general
course as the first part of the line to the inner border; within this, and sepa-
rated by a very narrow line of the general color of the wing are two diffused
lines of raised scales; the inner one seems to fuse with the one beyond before
reaching costa. This band is followed by a lighter shade, which extends as far
"•■■ An ancient tribe of Indians in Mexico.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 147
as the discal dots, of which there are two of jet-black raised scales on either side
of the cell, the lower one being a little more remote from the base of the wing.
Outer line scarcely visible in most of the examples, of the general color of the
wing, dentate throughout its course, and bordered on each side with a very pale
shade of brown, which is darker and broadens on the costa. A row of terminal
black dots. The middle of the wing sparingly sprinkled with black scales.
Fringes concolorous with the wing; all the wings beneath, hind wings above
and abdomen light brown ; all the tibiae and joints of the tibiae whitish.
District of Columbia, New York, Ohio. Taken by Prof. Forbes
at Urbana, O., at electric light, May 12th, 26th and August 2d.
Larva. — When full grown 16 mm. in length, greenish yellow, with three lon-
gitudinal brown stripes on each side of the dorsal line extending from the tho-
racic to the anal plates, and alternating with narrow lemon-yellow stripes, the
last one being ou the spiracles. Head, thoracic and anal plates with more or
less brown marks and blotches. There is great variation in these larvae in the
intensity of the brown markings, but they can be readily recognized by a black
lunate spot on the inner side of the subdorsal tubercle of the third segment
behind the thoracic plate.
Pupa. — Length 10 mm., dark brown, rounded anteriorly, posterior end with a
small spine on each side extending obliquely out and backward, the end curving
backward. In a line between these stand four hooks, much longer than the
lateral spines. Abdominal segments, except the last, covered with coarse punc-
tures, except on the posterior edge. Wing covers reaching to the fourth abdom-
inal segment.
The above descrijitions are from Prof Fernald. Prof Comstock
says, in addition, "a large number of larvae in different stages of
growth were found August 12th, drawing together and feeding on
the leaves of the honey locust (Gleditschia triacantlms), on the de-
partment grounds at Washington, D. C. These larvae transformed
to pupse from the 3d to the 15th of September. When full grown
they descend to the surface of the ground, where they spin a loose
cocoon of coarse gray silk, which is completely covered with frag-
ments of dried grass leaves and other substances, which so conceals
them that they are difficult to be found.
Two of these moths emerged in the latter part of September, but
the most of them during the last half of the following INIay and
early part of June, so that it is more than probable they pass the
winter in the pupa state on the ground under the trees."
2. T. liiiitella Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 53, 1863 {NephopternxJ.—'DArk
cinereous. Abdomen and hind wings paler. Palpi erect, rising much higher
than the vertex, third joint lanceolate, nearly the length of the second. Fore
wings narrow, rounded at the tij)s, with basal interior and exterior lines irreg-
148 GEO. D. HULST.
iilar, iiicomijlete, composed of black scales; submargiual line pale cinereous,
undulatiug; marginal line blackish, interrupted by the veins. Length of body
5 — 5.5 lines, of the wings 13 — 14 lines.
Nova Scotia, Florida.
Mr. Ragonot has determined one of my insects as this species, and
on it I refer the species to Tlascaki.
MEROPTERA Grt.
{Ty\^e pravella Grt.)
Can. Euto. xiv, 29, 1882.
Oreana Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 115, 1888.
Labial palpi erect, not recurved, reaching beyond head, end member short,
heavy; maxillary palpi pencil tufted in "J, ; tongue strong, ocelli present; an-
tennae of % bent above base with scale tuft in bend; tarsi all spinulated.
Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 short stemmed, 10 present; hind wings
8 vein.s, 2 at angle, 3, 4 and 5 stemmed together. Genitalia of % : uncus spine
short, base bifid, almost a square with spine at middle of outer side ; harpe rather
broad, with a short lobe towards base above, and with a double spine at extreme
upper end ; lower plate short triangular, haired ; within the anal passage two
strong spines together, and another further in ; last segment beneath with six
tufts of hairs and the central portion n)odified into a sort of hairs and the central
portion modified into a sort of chitiuous shield.
1. M. pravella Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 694, 1878 (Pempelia) ;
X. A. Ento. i, 10, pi. ii, fig. 8, 1879. — Expands 19 — 20 mm. Blackish and gray;
fore wings whitish gray at base: basal line blackish, difluse, consisting of two
outwardly oblique, slightly waved lines, usually coalesced, but allowing some-
times the narrow gray space between them to be seen. Median field gray ; two
superposed black dots on cell ; outer line whitish, finely dentate, with a little
deeper submedian notch, margined on both sides by a blackish shade, a row of
terminal black dots; fringes gray. Hind winge testaceous fuscous, rather pale,
with pale fringes. Beneath the hind wings are yellowish ; fore wings fuscous,
with the exterior line marked. Abdomen testaceous fuscous, thorax and head
dark grayish. Legs gray, marked outwardly with black.
Maine, Texas, Illinois, Ohio.
Prof. Forbes took the insect at Urbana, Ohio, May 14th, and at
Champaign, III, July 22d, both at electric light.
2. M. uvinella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 8, 1887.— Expands 16 mm. Fore
wings gray, base paler; lines white, distinct, edged with blackish, the fir.st ob-
lique, slightly angled on dorsal vein ; second line oblique, nearly straight, not
rounded nor dentate in the middle as in pravella Grt. Discal spots united into a
Uuiule. Abdomen yellowish ochreous.
No locality given ; ver}^ near tlie preceding species, and very
probably one with it.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 149
3. 1?I. uiiicolorella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 136, 1S87 (Dioryctrta). — Expands
20 mm. Head and tliorax even mouse gray. Abdomen with segments ringed,
fuscous in front, light ocher fuscous behipd. Fore wings even light mouse gray.
Basal line whitish, obsolete, except at inner margin. Costa with a patch darker
than the ground color. Outer line very near margin very faint, bent outwardly.
Hind wings light fuscous mouse gray, subpellucid with black marginal line.
Beneath light fuscous, the hind wings lighter.
Canada.
4. jfl. caiiescentella Hulst, n. sp. — Expands 18 mm. Labial palpi white-
stained with fuscous, the front and thorax being of the same color ; abdomen
fuscous yellow. Fore wings, costa arched, apex sharp, outer angle rounded ;
color white, washed with light fuscous and sprinkled not very heavily with
black scales, altogether giving a light gray appearance ; lines indistinct, known
only by the shading ; the basal oblique, waved, shaded outwardly by a broadish
dark line, which at middle runs outward into a blackish dash extending to
middle of wing; costa at base, and median space in front of dash, relieved of
blackish scale sprinkling, and consequently nearly pure white; outer line very
faint, very'close to margin, even, parallel to margin. Hind wings white, washed
slightly with yellowish fuscous.
Central Texas.
SAL.EBR1A Zell.
{Type palumbeUa S. V.)
Isis 1846, p. 733; 1848, p. 779; Von Heiuemann, Pyr. p. 155, 1865; Grote, Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, p. 695, 1878; N. A. Ento. i, 11, 1879; Ragonot, Ento.
Mou. Mag. xxii, 19, 1885.
Labial palpi erect, somewhat recurved ; maxillary palpi long, bipencil-tufted ;
tongue long and strong; ocelli present; autennse of % bent above base with
tuft of scales in bend ; thorax with tuft of long hairs on each side in front of
last segment. Venation : fore wings 11 veins. 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate ;
hind wings 8 veins. 2 at angle, 3, 4 and 5 stemmed; 6, 7 and 8 separate; cell
rather short. Genitalia of %: uncus slenderly built, spine not long, bifid below ;
harpe rather narrow, haired; lower plate, triangular, conical, long haired on
outer edge with a strong spine on either side at base ; anal opening armed with
seven long strong spines arranged somewhat in a circle about it; last segment
of abdomen beneath with six tufts of hairs.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings, except cross lines all reddish ochreous (lelassalis.
all deep purple red (•arneella.
" not all of one color 2.
2. Basal field reddish 3.
" not reddish 4.
3. Red distinct, outer cross line distinct tariiiitalis.
Red faint, outer line indistinct COiitatella.
" distinct, very dentate cellidella n. sp.
4. Hind wings light fuscous, nearly white 5.
dark fuscous 7.
150 GEO. D. HULST.
5. Costa strongly arched ; wings broad, oval ; basal line black on both sides its
whole length bif*a!>iciella.
Costa not strongly arched ; wings narrow ; basal line black shaded iu part
only 6.
6. Fore wings light gray ; discal spot annulate aliciilella'.
" nearly white; discal spot prominent, black o<liO!<»ella.
7. " blackish; lines distinct teiiebrosella.
gray 8.
8. " basal field even gray, lighter than rest of wing.
seiniobscurella n. sp.
'' uneven in color and with inner basal shadow line 9.
9. " dull ochreoLis ou inner margin piiiiiilella.
" with reddish spot on inner margin within basal line and white
spot without iittbiferella.
" without ochreous or reddish color aiiiiulosolla.
1. S. pumilella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 8, 1887. — Expands 17 mm.
Fore wings blackish gray, with a brownish tinge, basal area paler, with an ochre-
ous tinge at base on inner margin. First line whitish, ill defined, dilated and
very diffuse externally toward inner margin, preceded by a straight, reddish
ochreous, black edged band, not reaching the costa. Second line sinuous, rounded
in the middle. Discal spots with a tendency to form a convex streak.
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona. Taken in April, May and August.
2. S. aiiiiulosella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 7. 1887 (Nephopteryx); Cat.
Ento. Am. v, 115, 1889 (Salehria). — Expands 20 mm. Very like Salebria tenebro-
sella, but the wings are distinctly more elongated, njucli paler, without any traces
of red scales; first line hardly paler than the dark gray ground color, distinctly
margined internally to the dorsal fold on inner margin, and externally from
costa to dorsal fold ; basal area darker than the rest; discal spots very distinct.
Texas. Taken in April, May, June, August and September.
3. S. nubiferella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 8, 1887. — Expands 21 mm.
Very similar to annuloseUa, but broader, blacker ; the black edging of the first
line on the costa is on a line with the internal black edging on the inner margin,
whilst in annuloseUa it goes beyond the exterior edging. Second line distinctly
lined with black, dentate and rounded in the middle. Discal spots coalescing
into a black streak. A whitish patch after first line on inner margin.
Texas. Taken in May, August and September.
It is with extreme hesitation I retain these three preceding forms
as good species. The type forms are not very distinct in annuloseUa
and nubiferella, and even these do not represent extremes. With
over a hundred specimens before me there is every gradation from
dark gray to nearly pure white in ground color, a gradual oblitera-
tion of the red of jmmilella, and of the white spot in annuloseUa,
and of the amount and apparent position of the basal shadings.
All, moreover, have a characteristic marking of the abdomen, in
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 151
that the first segments are ringed with deep black, and often the
anal segments, while the intermediate are in shades of yellow and
fuscous. They also agree in the % genitalia, and in the S having
on the last segment beneath ten tufts, small, five on each side.
4. S. teiiebp«sella Hulst. Ento. Am. iii, 136, October, 1887 (Nephnpteryx).
quercicolella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 7, December, 1887 (Nephopteryx).
Expands 18 mm. Head parts and thorax dark smoky fuscous. Abdomen
ringed with fuscous and black. Fore wings blackish fuscous. Basal Hue broadish,
gray, outwardly oblique, broken at the middle. Outer line faint gray, near outer
margin, with a long outward sinus at middle. Gray scales at margin. Fringes
light fuscous, faintly interlined. Hind wings dark fuscous with black marginal
line. Beneath very dark fuscous, a light line along costa. Hind wings as above.
Texas.
Mr. Ragonot's description is as follows:
" Fore wings short, broad, costa rounded, blackish ; first line broad, dilated on
the inner margin, hoary gray, preceded by some dark red scales, which are
thickest on the inner margin. Second line narrower, less distinct, oblique, in-
dented on (liscal fold. Discal spots distinct, with a tendency to form a lunula,
followed by a gray cloud. Marginal spots distinct. Hind wings fuscous."
This insect has, in some respects, much the appearance of S. nu-
biferella, and may be one with it, but it is much darker, and while
the markings very nearly correspond, I have no intergradations.
5. S. semiobsciirella n. sp.— Labial palpi blackish gray ; front fuscous ;
antennae fuscous; thorax fuscous yellowish, shaded behind ; abdomen yellowish,
with a fuscous tinge dorsally. Fore wings arched on costa, narrow at base, broad
outwardly, angles distinct; basal field even light gray, slightly darker at costa;
middle and outer fields even dark gray; discal spots faint; lines indistinct, the
basal only evidenced in a broad blackish shading at edging of basal field and
gradually fading into the middle field ; outer line near margin augulated. Hind
wings yellow fuscous, edge fuscous.
Central Texas. Taken in April and May.
This species is catalogued by Mr. Ragonot under his name. I
have no knowledge that it has been described. I have a specimen
identified by him as the species, and describe it to give it a place in
this paper.
6. S. subfuscella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 8, 1887.— Expands 22 mm.
Fore wings narrow, elongate, blackish gray, with a slight purple tint, inner
margin dark red at base. First line replaced by a broad, straight, slightly ob-
lique black band, externally blending into the ground color, and preceded by a
grayish band. Second line dark grayish, sinuous, edged with black. Discal
spots with a tendency to coalescing.
This insect is described by Mr. Ragonot in his Diag. N. A. Phyc,
but no locality is given. As in that paper insects from the West
152 GEO. D. HULST.
Indies and Mexico were described as North American, it is possible
that this, and other insects without locality, may not belong to the
North American fauna. I have never seen the insect.
7. S. coiitatella Grt., N. A. Ento. i, 49, 1880; i. 68, 1880, pi. 5, fig. 5 {Pem-
pelia), Dept. Agric. Rept. 1880. p. 261.
fvirgatella Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1860, p. 205.
Expands 20 — 26 mm. Blackish and gray. Fore wings with a faint and incon-
stant shading of red at base, usually absent. Basal field of the wing whitish
gray, before the line shaded with blackish. Inner line continuous, w^hitish gray,
followed by a blackish line, twice indented, usually roundedly exserted in the
middle. Median space washed with gray anteriorly and along costa. Discal
mark consisting of two generally fused dark dots, obliquely placed, slightly re-
lieved by whitish. Outer line pale, tolerably even, indented below costa, oppo-
site cell, and again less distinctly on submedian fold. A row of blackish terminal
points; fringes concolorous. There is a more or less evident median shade,
which obliquely margins in an irregular fashion the outer and darker portion of
the median space ; sometimes a faint reddish tinge is perceptible about this shade
line, on submedian space. Thorax ashen, sometimes faintly ruddy. Hind wings
subpellucid, shaded with fuscous, darker in the 9; fringes paler, neatly inter-
lined near the base.
New England, New York, District of Columbia, Canada, Ohio,
Illinois.
Var. qiiiiiquepniictella Grt., N. A. Ento. i, 50, 1880; i, 68, pi. 5, fig. 6.
Expands 21 — 23 Dim. Closely allied to contatella. It differs by its smaller
size, the last two scallops of the interior line more or less evidently pure white,
and contrasting; tiie line is followed by three dots, one below costa indistinct
and sometimes absent; the second at the median vein at the inception of the
white portion of the line; the third on submedian fold. These dots seem to be
the remainder of the blackish shade following the white portion of the line.
The discal dots are separate: the outer line is more denticulate; the wing is
more noticeably stained with red. Hind wings and under surface as in contatella.
Canada, New England, New York, District of Columbia.
Prof Comstock gives the following description of larva and pupa
of contatella and its variety :
Larva. — "The full grown larvje were nearly an inch in length, of a grayish
green color above, more or less tinged with pink, especially on the third and
fourth segments and between the folds ; under side pea-green ; some of the larvae
were of a yellowish green color, darker green anteriorly, head yellowish lirown
with irregular black blotches, thoracic plate green, with a few black spots, an-
terior margin yellowish, posterior pale brownish.
Pupa. — Length 10 mm., rather stout, color chestnut-brown ; anterior end
rounded; posterior with a minute beak curving down slightly and armed at the
end on each side with a sharp, stout spine, extending obliquely out and down-
wards. In a row between these at equal distances are four slim filaments, much
longer than the spines and hooked at the end. The abdominal segments are.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 153
covered above and below with coarse punctures, except on the posterior edge,
while the wing covers, head and thorax above are impressed with irregular
strife.
" On the 29th of August several larvae were found in the Depart-
ment grounds on the locust (Roblnia pseudacacia), drawing the leaves
together, the side of one to that of the other. The larvas transformed
to pupse between the 5th and 8th of September, and emerged in the
following May. The pupa was spun up in a tough silken cocoon on
the surface of the ground, to which earth and fragments of dried
leaves and grass were adhering."
Mr. Beutenmiiller has also raised the larva on locust, and from
him I have obtained the following description, which gives some
additional items :
" Head jet-black, shining, cervical shield black shining ; body pale green, with
about four or five long stripes darker than the ground color. At the side there
are rows of minute piliferous spots each bearing a light browu hair; underside
of body as iibove ; the first segment dull black. Length 15 mm. Larva taken
June 15th, imago emerged July 8th. The segments of the body gradually de-
crease in size towards the posterior part of the body.
" Prof. Forbes, of Illinois, writes me he has taken the insect at
Urbana, Ohio, from May 10-23 at electric light ; August 3d at
' sugar,' and that he bred the insect from Wistaria, the larva being
taken July 13th, the imago emerging August 5th."
8. S. tarniitalis Hulst, Trans Am. Ento. Soc. xii. 162, ISStt (Pempelia).—
Expands 25 mm. Palpi and head black ; collar white ; thorax black above, light
fuscous laterally; all the black portions slightly peppered with light fuscous
scales. Abdomen, first segment black above, light fuscous on sides, next segment
black the rest dark fuscous with a reddish shade; fore wings reddish brown at
base, reaching one-fourth the length of wing, edged outwardly from costa to
inner margin by a faint white line ; a median dash of white on outer portion of
base very faint; rest of wing dark fuscous, slightly ochreous toward.s outer angle ;
merging with the white line limiting the basal color outwardly is a more promi-
nent cinereous line sinuous, running obliquely outward, inclosing between it and
first line a patch of deep fuscous; two black spots on discal space, one anterior
to the other; outer line cinereous, sinuous, dentate, faint anteriorly, obsolete
posteriorly; fringe fuscous, end of scales white; hind wings pellucid fuscous;
marginal line black ; beneath even fuscous, hind wings lighter, fore wings with
outer line reflected.
Colorado.
9. S. cariieella Hulst, Ento. Am, ii, 1.31, 1887 {Nephoptery.r) .—Expauds 23
— 25 mm. Head fuscous black. Collar, tliorax and abdomen even bluish gray,
washed with maroon-red. Fore wings bluish gray, marked with light maroon-
red. This is especially marked on the borders of the gray cross lines, and is
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (20) JUNE, 1890.
154 GEO. D. HULST.
most lacking just at end of basal field, along outer margin, and costally and cen-
ti-ally on the middle field. On either side of the basal cross line there are more
or less black scales. A faint fuscous marginal line. Hind wings fuscous, rather
yellowish, fuscous margined outwardly. Beneath fuscous, smooth, somewhat
reddish on fore wings, lightening posteriorly on hind wings.
Maine, Massachusetts.
I have also a female from New Nexico which may be this species.
The specimens from Maine were bred from Willow, but under what
conditions I do not know. My reference, Ento. Am. v, 156, of
Neph. inqrdUnella Rag. is explained under that species.
10. S. delassalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. .xiii. 161, 1886 {Nephopteryx).
fernaldi Rag , Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 9. 1887.
Expands 24 mm. Palpi fuscous, reddish in front. Thorax reddish ochreous.
Abdomen fuscous; fore wings reddish ochreous, quite even; costa on outer half
narrowly white ; first line scarcely perceptible anteriorly, whitish ochreous pos-
teriorly with rather heavy black shadings; within and beyond these shadings
indistinct whitish ochreous spots ; outer line near margin evenly and strongly
curved outward ; hind wings fuscous outwardly, shading to light translucent
fuscous towards base; a dark marginal line present; beneath fore wings fuscous,
with a faint reddish tinge ; outer space a shade the lighter ; hind wings as above ;
fringes above light fuscous, darker at base ; light fuscous below.
Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico. Arizona. Specimens from New
Mexico were taken in August and Septend)er.
11. S. bilasciella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 132, 1887 [ Nephopteryx).— Expands
20 mm. Head, thorax and fore wings light whitish gray, dusted with black.
Abdomen ocher fuscous. Fore wings with basal band of ground color, edged on
both sides with distinct black shadow lines once angled outwardly. Outer line
near margin of ground color, with narrow black shadow lines, especially distinct
at costa; the lines slightly bent. Marginal line of dentate black points. Hind
wings light yellowish fuscous, pellucid. Beneath fore wings light fuscous, hind
wings as above.
Arizona. First week in July.
This insect has the fore wings much more arched costally, and
they are more oval in outline than is usual in the genus.
12. S. aliculella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 135, October, 1887 (Myelois).
oberthiteriella Eag.. Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 9, December, 1887.
Expands 21 — 23 mm. Labial palpi gray white in front, black at tip. Ma.xil-
lary palpi orange fuscous. Head gray. Thorax gray. Abdomen ocher fuscous
or fuscous. Fore wings white, heavily dusted with black scales, giving a gray
appearance. Base blackish. Basal line white, angulated outwardly, with a
heavy black marking outwardly at costa, sometimes extending on disc to discal
ring; within which a reddish band sometimes quite obsolete. A discal circle of
black quite large on middle field, this often very indistinct. Outer line white,
fine, angulated at middle, then curved to inner margin, lined finely with black
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 155
witliiii, with more diffuse fuscous or reddish fuscous witliout. A row of mar-
ginal black points generally strongly dentate at middle portion of wing, and
reaching sometimes to outer shadow line. A short longitudinal black dash at
the center of the outer middle field edged with white. Hind wings light ocher
fuscous, pellucid. Beneath fuscon^on fore wings. Hind wings as above.
Arizona.
This insect was taken by nie at Prescott, Arizona, under circum-
stances which make it almost certain tliat the food-plant is a species
of Ceanothus. They were taken the first week in July, and were
flying in and about the bushes during the hot sunshine of midday.
13. S. odioi^ella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 132, 1887 {Nephopteryx). —Ex\Min6i^
24 — 25 mm. Head, thorax and fore wings white, with scattered black and fus-
cous scales, giving a brownish cast. Maxillary palpi with hair pencil at end, of
a yellow brown color. Abdomen rather more fuscous than thorax. Fore wings
wit!) white basal band, shadowed at costa outwardly, and at inner margin in-
wardly, with blackish, which is broad at the respective margins, and becomes
obsolete before crossing the wing. A black diffuse, somewhat kidney-shaped
discal spot. Outer line white, shadowed with black on both sides, the shadows
becoming broad and heavy at costa. The line is more bent than usual at the
middle. A marginal row of black spots pointed inwardly. Hind wings white,
with an ocher cast, pellucid. Beneath fore wings faintly fuscous, yellowish
along costa. Hind wings as above.
Central Texas.
14. S. celtidolla n. sp. — Female expands 19 mm. Labial palpi ochreous
fuscous, fuscous at tip; head ochreous; thorax dark fuscous; abdomen ochreous,
annulated with fuscous; fore wings ochreous; base with a reddish tinge, other-
wise clear ochreous, then a broad blackish band tinged with brownish red poste-
riorly, extending to basal line; basal line fine, rather broken, very much and
irregularly waved dentate, and at the middle of the wing; middle field blackish,
reddish along inner margin, opening to ochreous gray at discal spots; the upjjer
discal spot faint, the lower distinct; outer line very wavy dentate, broken,
whitish, the color showing as an edging for the shading scallops; outer shading
of long, dentate, jet-black dashes on veins ; outer field deep ochreous, marginal
spots jet-black, rather large; fringe fuscous gray. Hind wings dark fuscous,
veins and margin darker.
Mr. Beutenmiiller has rai.sed this insect upon Celtis ocddenta/is.
He has furnished me with the following description :
"Lakva. — Head pitchy-black, flattened, with an irregular dirty white, oblique
stripe on each side, running from labrum to collar at summit; there are also
other fine irregular white markings present; body pale green, covered with pea-
green, equidistant, longitudinal stripes, as broad as the intervening spaces. Cer-
vical shield pitchy-black, on which the stripes of the body continue as dirty
white ; along the subdorsal region on both sides a row of minute black spots, and
two rows placed closely together on the sides, which are also minute and jet-
black ; body beneath green, without markings; the color of the cervical shield
156 GEO. D. HULST.
extends around the segment. Thoracic feet black, abdominal and anal legs
green. Length 18 — 19 mm. It lives upon Celtis occidentalis, without larval case,
drawing together the terminal leaves and living within."
Full grown larva taken August 27th. Mr. Beuteiinniller made
110 note of the time of the emergence of the larva.
LAODAlfllA Rag.
[Tjpe fsecella Zell.)
Nouv. gen. espec. Pbyc. p. 22, 1888.
Differs from Salebria first, in lacking the thoracic tuftings below ;
second, in the hind wings vein 2 is near the angle and the cell is
shoi't.
Differs from Elasmopalpus in that the wings are much wider, and
in the hind wings 2 is near the angle and the cell is short.
I do not think the genus has very good reasons for existing. In-
deed, I see no very strong reasons why Salebria and Elasmopalpus
should be distinct.
1. \j. fnsvst Haw.. Lep. Brit. p. 49.3, 1828; Steph., Brit. Ent. iv, p. 310, 1834
(Phycitu); Hood, f. 1683, 1839; Stainton, Man. ii, 176, 1859; Von Heinemann,
Pyr. p. 1.56, 1865 {Pempdia) ; Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. iv, 695, 1878 (Salebria} :
N. A. Ento. i, 11, pi. ii, fig. 7, 1879; Moeschler, Stet. Ento. Zcit. 1880, p. 393;
Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1884, p. 309; Westwood and Humphrey, p. 2.32, pi.
115, fig. 29, 1839; Wall.. Pyr. p. 1036, 1859; Bonwst, iii, p. 201, N. 36: Snellen,
Vlin. Neth. Micro, i, 135; Frei., Lep. Sch. p. 274, 1880.
carbonariella Fischer, von Roeslerstamm, Abbil. Schm. 60, i, 1.57; Zeller, Isis
1846, p. 772, 1848, 747; Herrich-SchaeflFer Sys. Bear, iv, p. 76; Uupon., Noct. 7,
p. 292.
posticella Zetterstdli, Ins. Lap. p. 976.
janthitieUa Duponchel, x, p. p. 235, pi. 281, fig. 2.
mcesteUa Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 53, 1863.
undulntella Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 35, 1711, 1866.
frigidella Pack., Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. H. x, 271, 1873.
cacahelln Hulst, Euto. Am. iii, 133, 1887.
Labial palpi blackish fuscous, as is also head and thorax ; fore wings blackish
fuscous to fuscous gray, rather even and unbroken ; lines generally distinct ; the
inner oblique dentate; the outer pretty well out, rather rounded out in middle,
dentate with strong angles at beginning of bend on each end ; discal spots coales-
cing, black, more or less indistinct ; hind wings fuscous to dark fuscous, lines and
margin darker ; last segment of abdomen below with two tufts.
Larva said to live in Europe on Vaccinium myrt'dum, and the in-
sect flies in June and July.
I have received fi'om Mr. Moeschler specimens labeled Myelok
altensis Wocke, which were received by Mr. Moeschler from Lab-
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 157
rador. They are not Myelois, but Salebria fusca, so that I think I
am justified in not catalogueing Myelois altensis as an American
species on Moeschler's authoi'ity.
KL,ASWOPAL,PUS Blanch.
(Type Ugnosellus Zell.)
Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. vii, 104, 1852.
Labial palpi erect, not recurved, rather heavily scaled, end member very short,
about one-eighth middle; maxillary palpi pencil tufted; tongue strong; ocelli
present: antennae bent above base, with a heavy tuft of scales in bend. Fore
wings narrow, subparallel. Genitalia of % ; uncus longer and slenderer than
usual, bifid at base, these parts arched, the S])iue long; harpse broad, with long
hairs along upper edge, forming somewhat of an anal tuft, a strong bent spine at
base ; lower plate conical ; within entrance a long slender bent spine ; last seg-
ment of abdomen beneath with two tufts of hair. Venation : fore wings 11
veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate ; hind wings 2 more or less distant from angle,
4 and 5 stemmed, 6, 7 and 8 stemmed, cell rather short.
The genitalia of some of the species ( petrellus, floridellus, melanel-
lus) differ very radically from those of lignoseJlus, the type of the
genus, and indeed from all the rest of the Phycitidse. The uncus
and lower plate are much after the ordinary pattern, but the harpse
are entirely different in construction in the % . The harpse are di-
vided to the base into two long, slender, almost linear lobes, which
stand at a strong angle from each other. The upper lobe is armed
with quite long hairs, wliile the lower is without hair.*, but has at the
end a development into three very short incurved teeth.
Synopsis of Species.
Color reddish brown petrellus.
" blackish, with middle of wing yellowish or reddish; lines obsolete.
lignosellus.
" entirely blackish; lines obsolete tarfarellus.
" lines distinct nielaiielliis n. sp.
" gray; a reddish band beyond basal line floridellus u. sp.
" " no reddish band decoralis.
1. E. nielanellus n. sp. — Expands 23 — 25 mm. Labial palpi, head and
thorax dull black ; abdomen with an ocher cast and annulated with lighter color ;
fore wings even dull blackish, with a slight sprinkling of gray .scales a little
more pronounced along inner margin and on outer field; basal line very faint ;
outer line distinct, grayish, angulated below costa, then straight, waved-dentate
to inner margin ; discal spots jet-black, evident; marginal dots present at middle
of border; hind wings dark fuscous, veins and border black.
Florida, April.
158 GEO. D. HULST.
This resembles petrellas in, shape, size and lines, and may be a
black variety of that species, but with a considerable number of
specimens I have no intergradations.
2. E. petrelliis Zell., Isis 1846, p. 771; 1848, p. 886; Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges.
Wieu. 1872, p. 545 (Beit, i, 99), (Pempelia).
, erectalis Wlk., Cat. B. Mus. pt. 27, p. 42, 1863 (Trachonitis). -
^rufinalis Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 56. 1863 (Nephopteryx).
y hapsella HuLst, Ento. Am. iii, 132, 1887 (Nephopteryx).
'^obsipella Hnlst, Ento. Am. iv, 118, 1888 (Honora).
Expands 20 — 26 mm. Labial palpi reddish; tongue white ; liead and thorax
reddish with fuscous tinge; fore wings brown, with lighter, almost light gray
costal stripe, pink towards base; base of wing deep red; basal line a reddish
band edged on either side with a more or less broken dentate line, the inner bor-
dered basally with a broad blackish band ; outer line distinct, not far from mar-
gin, finely dentate ; discal spots evident. Hind wings light fuscous.
Florida, Texas.
This species is quite variable in depth of color and distinctness of
its markings ; some specimens have considerable gray scattered over
the fore wings, others are quite decidedly brown with costal stripe
not very evident. Zeller's specimens of pefrellus, with his labels in
the Cambridge Museum, are this species, not lignosellus, as Ragonot
catalogues the insect. It seems impossible, in any case, that Zeller
could have described the same insect under four names. I have
received the species from Florida in April, and from Texas in Sep-
tember, so it may hibernate.
r
3. E. decoralis Walk.. C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 42, 1863 [Nephopteryx).
metagrammalis Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 54, 1863 {Nephopteryx).
I do not know this insect. The reference is by Mr. Ragonot.
Walker's description is :
"Cinereous, rather slender, with a tinge of fawn color. Palpi stout, obliquely
ascending, rising a little higher than the vertex ; third joint conical, one-sixth
length of second. Antennae dilated at base. Abdomen extending a little beyond
the hind wings, with two lanceolate apical appendages. Fore wings narrow,
rounded at the tips, irregularly powdered with pale cinereous; a black mark on
the exterior border before the middle, and two or three minute, indistinct, black
marks in the exterior part of the disc. Marginal points black ; exterior border
slightly convex, rather oblique. Hind wings pale cinereous, with an aeneous
tinge. Length of body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 — 16 lines.
" United States."
4. E. florirtellus'n. sp. — Expands 24 — 26 mm. Labial j)alpi, head and
thorax fuscous gray, the thorax washed with reddish violet; abdomen yellow
fuscous; fore wings rather even light gray, pretty heavily powdered with black-
ish, giving a blue-gray appearance, darkest along costa apically. and in outer
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 159
middle field along inner margin ; basal line faint, edged outwardly by broad
reddish, more prominent along inner margin; outer line indistinct, gray, angu-
late, inner black edging of short dashes ou veins; discal spots faint. Hind wings
yellowish fuscous.
Taken at Chai'lotte Harbor, Fla., in April by Mrs. A. T. Slosson,
of New York.
This may be decoralis Walk. The two lanceolate appendages
which he speaks of in that species may be the lobes of the genitalia,
wliich, m floridellus, are as m petrellus, and distinctly protrude.
J
5. E. lignosellus Zell., Isis 1848, p. 883 {Pempelia); Verb., Zool.-bot. Ges.
Wieu, 1872, p. 544 (Beit. pt. 1, p. 98) ; 1874. p. 430 (Lep. West. Amer. p. 8) ; Hor.
Soc. Ento. Eos. xvi, 180; Berg., Ann. Soc. Argent. 1877, p. 28; Bull. Mosc. 1876,
p. 38; Dept. Agric. Eept. 1881—82, p. 142.
/ angmtellus Blanch., Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. vii, 105, 105, 1852.
Expands 17 — 22 mm. Head and thorax blackish ; abdomen fuscous to yellow-
ish ; fore wings very narrow, outer margin oblique, inner margin waved ; lines
obsolete, color all around the edge of the wing from a narrow edging to a com-
plete covering of the wing blackish to lead color. The inner portion yellow
ochreous. Hind wings transparent fuscous white, darker ou veins and edge.
Texas, Florida. Also taken in the Bahamas, Venezuela, Buenos
Ayres, Patagonia and Chili, S. A.
I have received specimens taken in Texas in March and August.
Zeller received them from Texas taken in July and August.
Var. incautellus Zell., Verb., Zool.-bot. Ges. Wieu, 1872, p. 544 (Beit, i,
99) {Pempelia).
Differs from Ugnoselhis in having the central jwrtion of the wing-
bright reddish.
Var. fartarellus'Zell., Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1872, p. 544 (Beit, i, 98)
{Pempelia); Hor, Soc. Ento. Mosc. xvi, 180.
/carbotieUa Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 117, 1888 (Dasypyga).
This variety differs only in having the fore wings of a solid black-
ish, or rather plumbago color.
SEL..40IA Hiib.
(Type argyrella Fab.)
Verb., p. 371, 1816; Zeller, Isis 1846, p. 732; 1848, p. 752; von Heineraann,
Pyr. 153, 1865 ; Eagonot, Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii, 19, 1885.
Labial palpi porrect or drooping, maxillary palpi distinct ; tongue
strong; ocelli present; antennae bent above base with ridge of scales
in bend. Legs : tarsi all spinulated ; thorax with tuft of long hairs
on each side below in front of last segment. Genitalia of £ very
160 GEO. D. HUL8T.
nearly as Salehria, differing- only in that there is but one strong spine
at beginning of anal opening, and one very long twisted spine far
within ; the last segment of abdomen beneath has two large hair
tufts. Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate;
hind wings 8 veins, 2 near angle ; 3 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed, 6
and 7 stemmed.
1. S. lithosella Ea?., Dia^. N. A. Pbyc. p. 9, 1887.— Expands 32 mm. Fore
wings narrow, elongate, pale yellowish ochreous, costa indistinctly paler. A
brown spot on the dorsal vein indicates the iirst line, between which and the
anal angle the inner margin is dusted with brown. The lower discal spot and
marginal points minute, distinct.
Arizona.
A?VORII§»TIA Rag.
(Type umbrifascieUa Rag.)
Ann. Soc. Ento. France, 1887, p. 236.
Labial palpi oblique, thick, squamose ; last member very short,
deflected; maxillary palpi invisible ; antennae of S pubescent, very
slightly bent and hardly crenulate above base ; fore wings 4 and 5
separate; hind wings 8 veins, 3 and 4 stemmed; appearance of
Epischnia.
I do not know the type or the American species. The diagnosis
of Mr. Ragonot gives no characters that will properly separate this
from several other genera. The fore wings probably have 11 veins,
but this is not mentioned. Even if the genus be a good one it is un-
certain whether it is represented in this country, inasmuch as both spe-
cies described under it were described from females only, and till the
male is known no species can be more than jirovisionally located
save as there is some departure from the structure known to occur
in other genera in both sexes.
1. A. flavidorsella' Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 9, 1887.— Expands 1.5 mm.
Fore wings pale gray, finely and sparingly dusted with black; lines whitish
distinctly bordered in median area with fine black lines, the first oblique, sinu-
ous, preceded by a broad blackish baud, ill defined towards the base ; second line
sinuous, rounded and dentate in the middle, much indented on the folds. Discal
and marginal spots pretty distinct. Inner margin at base yellowish. Hind
wings yellowish white. Abdomen yellow.
Arizona ; Sonora, Mex.
2. A. olivella Hulst. — Expands 24 mm. Palpi whitish ; bead, thorax, ab-
domen and fore wings light fuscous gray, scatteringly and coarsely dusted with a
few black scales, the whole washed with a light olive shading; the black scales
are a little more plentiful at the base, along inner margin, and at apex ; basal
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. IBl
line whitish, merely a bieak in the slight dusting of black ; outer line formed as
the basal, but rendered distinct by a heavier shading of the black within, oblique,
subparallel with outer margin, with one inner angulation one-third from costa;
hind wings olive whitish.
The Needles, Cal. Taken in June at light.
This species was placed in Anoristia because it seemed the niaxil-
lai-y palpi were wanting. I find, however, they are present, though
very small, so it does not belong here ; but it is best, perhaps, to do
no more guessing till the male is discovered and the proper location
can be given. As I said before I am not aware of a single instance
among American Phycitid^e where the maxillary palpi are wanting.
PYIi.4 Grote.
(Type scintallnns Grt.)
Check List 1882, pp. 55, 66; Pap. i, 18, 1881; Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 9, 1887.
Labial palpi oblique, third member deflexed, second member in-
ternally grooved, with a thin pencil of brownish gray scales ; max-
illary palpi small; tongue strong; ocelli present distinct; antenna'
of S strongly bent al)()ve base, a small tuft of scales in the band.
Genitalia of % : uncus light, spine short, harpe, rather narrow,
haired, with one heavy, and two or three short spines at base; lower
plate quadrate, conical at end, haired at edge; anal opening de-
fended with toothed plate on each side, with several spines within
resting on heavy chitinous plate ; last segment of abdomen with two
heavy tufts of hair. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 sepa-
rate, 10 separate ; hind wings 8 veins, 2 distant from angle, 3 stennned
with 4 and 5, 6 stemmed with 7, 8 separate, cell short.
Synopsis of Species.
Black, with coppery reflection sciiitallans.
Bronze-green ,...»eiieoviri<lolla.
1. P. sciiitallaus Grote, Papilio i, 18, 1881 {Xe2)hopteryx).—Ex\yA\u]s 20—
24 mm. The entire inset^t is blackish immaculate, or with outer line faintly
suggested, shining; head, thorax and fore wings with co})pery violet reflections.
Sierra Nevada Mountains, Cal.
2. P. seiieoviridella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 8, 1887. — Expands 27 mm.
Differs from scintallans only in that the color is bronzy green, slightly tinged
with coppery on costa.
New York.
These two species are so near that I have little doubt they are at
most variations of' one species only.
TRAN.S. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (21) JUNE, 1890.
162 GEO. D. HULST.
EPISC-HNIA Hiil).
(Type pro(homella Hiib.)
Verz. p. 370, 1816; Zeller, Isis 1839, p. 178; 1848, p. 585, 644, 737 ; Henicli-
Schaetfer, Sys. Bear. iv. p. 89, 1849; vou Heinemaun, Pyr. p. 171, 1865; Rag,
Ento. Mag. x.xii, 19, 1885; Meyrick, Proc. Liun. Soc. N. S. W. iv, p. 229, 1879.
Labial palpi long, horizontal, middle member somewhat bent, end
member nearly as long as middle ; maxillary palpi distinct ; tongue
long, strong; antennie bent above base, without tuft, but with ridge
of teeth; legs slender, tarsi spinulated, fore tibia shorter than upper
tarsus ; thorax with tuft of long hairs on each side below, generally
hidden between first and second segments behind fore coxpe ; fore
wings long, subparallel, angles rounded. Genitalia of % : uudus
stout, heavy, rather dull ; harpe broad, without clasper ; lower plate
broad, rounded at end, curved upon each side, armed with strong
inward turned hairs. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 sepa-
rate, 10 separate ; hind wings S veins, 2 at angle ; 3, 4 and 5 stemmed ;
6 and 7 stemmed.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings wliite riiflerella.
" not wliitish 2.
2. ■' with broad costal stripe 3.
witb no costal stripe grauitolla.
3. Cross lines wanting boistluvaliella.
One or both cross lines present 4.
4. Hind wings white subcosfella.
brown-gray fulvirugella.
1. E. riiderella Rag., Diag. N. A. Pliyc. p. 9, 1887. — Expands 24 mm.
Chalk-white, dusted with blackish scales, especially along the costa and the
veins. First line elbowed, formed of dark gray spots on the veins; second line
white indistinct. Lower discal spot blackish, elongate. Hind wings yellowish
ochreous, fringes white.
No locality is given.
2. E. graiiHella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 9, 1887.— Expands 29 mm.
Fore wings elongate, very narrow at base, rounded in the middle, gray, much
dusted with blackish brown, especially in the cell and between the nervures;
lines indistinct, shadowy, blackish brown, the first oblique, rounded, not reach-
ing the costa; the second rounded, nearly parallel with the hind margin. Disoal
spots indistinct. Hind wings brownish, fringes white.
• No locality is given with this species.
3. E. l»ois<lnvalieIla''Guen , Ann. Soc. Ento. France 1845, 318 (Index
Meth. p. 80) ; Rag., Ento. Mon; Mag. xxii, 23, 1885.
farrella Curt., Ann. Nat. Hist, iv, 114, 1850; Stain. Cat. Sup. ji 1, 1851;
Fologne Ann. Soc. Ento. Belg. 1864, p. 273; Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. (ies. Wien,
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 168
1872, p. 558 (Beit. i. 112) ; Wood, 2d ed. fig. 1755; Stain., Man. 2, p. 168 ; Eiito.
Moil. Mag. viii, p. 290; Snellen. Tidsk. xi, p. 50, pi. 1, fig. 1 (1868) ; v. Nolckcn.
Stett. Ento. Z. 1868, p. 89; Snellen, Vlin. Neth. Micro, i, p. 145; Frei., Lep. Sch.
p. 275. 1880; Biittner, Stett. Ento. Zeit. ]880, p. 393; M'oesch., Verb. Znol.-Bot.
Ges. Wieii, 1884, p. 309.
lafanryeUa Constant, Ann. Soo. Ento. Fi-ance, 1865. p. 189. pi. vii, fig. 1 (Mye-
lois) ; leacoloma Snell., Tidsk. ix, p. 61, 1866.
Labial palpi ligbt gray, powdered witb fuscous ; bead and autennse grayish
fuscous; thorax ocbreous fuscous; fore wings ocbreous fuscous or fawn color, the
costa narrowly fuscous except basally, followed by a broad white stripe reaching
costa basally, and extending from base to apex; behind this along outer margin
and along inner margin the wing is slightly darker ; lines obsolete, discal spots
faint. Hind wings light fuscous to fuscous.
Massachusetts, Texas.
Biittner says the larva in Germany lives in September on A)i-
tlujUis vuliieraria, passing the winter in a spherical cocoon made at the
surface of the ground, deserting this tlie next spring, then spinning
another longish oval cocoon and becoming a |)upa to emerge in three
weeks in June as an imago.
4. E. albocostalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii, 164, 1886 (Ephestia).—
Expands 28 mm. Palpi cinereous, indistinctly annulated with whitish ; liead
and collar snowy cinereous ; thorax and abdomen dark fuscous cinereous; fore
wings with a snow-white costal band, occupying the space to the subcostal vein,
and reaching outwardly to a point nearly at apex, fading on the outer half along
costa into mouse color; the rest of the wing dark fuscous, basally and medially,
fading behind and outwardly into fuscous mouse color, a very fine submedian
white dash present on middle portion ; fringe blue-gray, finely interlined with
white; hind wings fuscous outwardly, fading to light fuscous basally; fringe
light fuscous; beneath dark fuscous, with a lengthened ante-median white spot,
crowned with ocbreous subcostally ; hind wings. as above.
California.
I sent the type to Mr. Ragonot, who returned it, marked Episehiiui
bolsduvalieUa. It may be a variety of that species, but it is not the
typical form. It differs from what, by Dr. Staudinger and Mr.
Ragonot, has been sent me as the typical bolsduvalieUa as follows :
It is always very much larger and different entirely in color on
head, thorax, wings and abdomen. The costal stripe does not reach
beyond the middle field, and there is a grayish stripe on vein 1 of
fore wings.
I am aware the European insect varies in color and closely ap-
proaches this, but I am not aware that it is ever so dark, and it is
never so large.
5. E. •^iibcostella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc p. 10, 1889.— Expands 26 mm.
Fore wings narrow, pale gray, washed with brownish to the secoTid line, darker
164 GEO. D. HULST.
and fliisted with black scales above the dorsal fold and on the inner margin;
dorsal fold tawny ; a pure wliite streak from the base along the costa to and near
the apex ; the extreme costa, from the middle to the apex, dusted with blackish.
First line indicated by a white spot on the dorsal vein ; second line with an acute
anprle in the middle, rendered visible by the darker area ; hind wings pure white.
Utah.
6. E. fiilviriigella Rag., Diag. X. A. Phyc. p. 10.— Expands 30 mm. Similar
to siihcosteUa, but not so dark, not dusted with black ; the dorsal and discal folds
tawny, the costal stripe finely dusted with blackish : cross lines quite indistinct;
lower discal spot distinct; hind wind's unicolorous, pale brownish grny, fringes
paler.
Xo locality is given, and I have never seen the species.
PIMA» Hulst.
(Type alhipUifiuitella Pack.)
Ento. Am. iv, 114, 1888.
Differs materially from Eplt<clinia in lacking the tufts of bail's on
the thorax below ; the genitalia of % also differ in that the harpa?
are armed at base with strong spines, and the uncus at its basal di-
vision is quadrate with the spine set in the middle of the outer edge.
Venation as in Epischnia.
1. V. albiplasiatolla Pack., Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist, x, 269, 1873.
fosterella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 114. 1888
Expands 25 mm. Palpi light gray; head light gray, whitish along eyes,
ocherish behind; thorax ocherish, lighter on dorsum; abdomen light ocher,
white on first segment, and on the rest on dorsum only ; fore wings almost pure
white along costa to apex, behind this very narrowly edged with black, then the
rest ochreous, darker anteriorly and basally ; hind wings clouded white, shining,
beneath as above with colors shaded with fuscous.
Colorado.
iflEGAIiilS Gnen.
(Type illignella Zell.)
Ann. Soc. Ento. Frmce, lS4o, p. 309 (Index Meth. p. 71) ; von Heinemann, Pyr.
170, 1865.
Labial palpi nearly horizontal, rather long, end member one-third
second, second and basal members rather heavily scaled ; maxillary
palpi distinct, filiform ; tongue long, strong ; ocelli present ; antennae
of % simple or slightly bent, crenulate pubescent. Legs: tarsi all
spinulated. Wings long, rounded. Genitalia of S : uncus short ;
harpe slender, without spine ; lower plate spatulate conical ; within,
below base, and seemingly guarding outer passage, four stout heavy
•■■ A tribe of Indians in Arizona.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 165
spines. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 sepa-
rate or stemmed ; hind wings 2 near angle; 3 separate or stemmed
with 4 and 5, 6 stemmed with 7.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings brownisli ochreous along iunei' margin .■ excaiitalis.
" fuscous brown " " e<lwai'(l<i»ialis.
" black all over atrella u. sp.
1. M. edwarditiialis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii. 163, 1886 {Mega-
phycis) ; Ento. Am. v, 156, 1889.
polyphemella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 10, 1887.
Exjjaiuls from 35 to 45 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen and fore wings fuscous
to blackish fuscous; post-discal and submedian veins lined with black ; an outer
light fuscous cross Hue, before which all veins have a short black dash continued
beyond on ouster space; hind wings lighter dull fuscous; beneath even fuscous.
Nevada.
The following is Mr. Ragonot's description :
" Expands % 46 mm. 9 36 mm. Fore wings narrower at base, glossy brownish
gray, dusted with whitish scales, the veins dusted with black scales, the veins
dusted with black scales, marginal spots distinct, discal spots illy-defined. Cross
lines in the male hardly discernible ; in the female very distinct, whitish, broadly
edged with black in median area; first line oblique, irregular; second line ob-
lique, much indented on the folds."
Mr. Ragonot sent me a specimen of his polyphemella, and it was
the same as my edwardsialis.
2. M. excaiitalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 163, 1886 (Anerastia) ;
Ento. .\m. v, 156, 1889.
pullatella Eag., N. A. Phyc. p. 9, 1887.
Expands 22—36 mm. Palpi light fuscous; the rest of the insect, except abdo-
men and hind wings, soft fuscous brown, the middle field of fore wings percept-
ably darker. Abdomen soft blackish fuscous; hind wings fuscous, with a faint
darker marginal line; beneath concolorous, wit!) hind wings above.
California.
Mr. Ragonot's description is as follows :
"Expands % 36 mm. J 24 mm. Male very Wke polyphemella, but less dusted
with white, less glossy, browner, much dusted and washed with black, especially
in basal area and along the costa and nervures ; dorsal fold brownish ochreous.
Lines more distinct, pale, not margined. The female is black, very finely dusted
with white, basal area paler; lines whitish, black margined in median area;
first line oblique, straight, second line oblique, slightly sinuous on the folds."
By comparison with specimens sent me I am able to make this
reference; my brief description was from the 9 only- Both this
and the preceding s[)ecies vary considerably in depth of coloring and
166 GEO. D. HULST.
distinctness of lines, and I have very little doubt they are one and
the same species. I hesitate, however, to unite them till I have seen
more material.
3. M. atrella n. sp.— Expands 30 mm. Labial palpi short, the end member
very short, all black and covered with long fine outspreading black hairs, anuu-
lated with fuscous; front black, with long spreading hairs: thorax black; ab-
domen dark gray, heavily overlaid with black scales; fore wings narrow at base,
apex rounded, outer angle quite distinct, dark gray, overlaid with squamose
black scales, the veins outwardly jet-black ; lines nearly, or quite obsolete ; legs
with the femora and tibise with long, loose, black hairs. Hind wings blackish
gray.
Specimens received from Mr. T. D. A. Cockerel], West Clitf, Col.
Differs from all others of our Phycitids in the long spreading
hairs of palpi, head, thorax and legs. But as Mr. Ragonot's descrip-
tion of the male of excantalis does not speak of this peculiarity it
may be this is a very dark form of that species. The females very
much resemble that species ; are black with white cross lines, but
have no brown tinting.
L,IPOGRAPHIS Rag.
(Tyite fen est rella Pack.)
Labial pal])i thick, broad, horizontal, rounded above on second
member, scaly beneath, third member reflexed ; maxillary palpi very
small ; tongue rather strong ; ocelli present ; antennre thick, bent
above base, a tuft of scales in bend. Legs: tai-si all sjjinulated.
Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, but close; 10 sepa-
rate ; hind wings 8 veins, 2 distant from angle, 8 appearing stemmed
with 4 and 5, these stennned ; cell rather short.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings more or less ochreons or reddish 2.
" without ochreous reddish liuiliilis.
2. " base ochreous reddish ; broad reddish outer baud... leoilinella.
■' base not ochreous reddish feuestrella.
1. L.. fenestrella Packard, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. x. 259, 1873 (Peni-
pelin) ; Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 697, 1878 { Nephopteryx). —Exp&nAs
22—24 mm. Body and wings cinereous or granite gray, the abdomen and legs
being jjaler and concolorous with the legs and hind wings, which are of the glis-
tening hue of the family. Fore wings of the same ash hue as the thorax,
speckled with black scales. Two black dots at the base of the wing below the
median vein. Beyond on the submediau vein is a longitudinal, blackish, incon-
spicuous stripe, edged on each side with dull ochreous ; above it is a dark point on
the median and subcostal veins, with whitish scales surrounding the middle dot ;
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 167
just hcyond the middle of tlie wing are two prominent, squarish, blaek spots,
one on the median, the other on the subcostal vein. A distinct white submargiual
line parallel with the outer edge and bordered internally with black scales, es-
pecially marked on the costa; the space between tbis line and the outer edge is
filled in with deep ochreous longitudinal bars, alternating with black streaks, of
which the costal one is the widest and shortest ; these bars do not quite reach the
distinct black line at the edge. Fringe ash, twice lineated with whitish ; beneath
a pale, whitish, straight, subraarginal line, edged within towards the costa with
dark ash.
Var. leoiiiiiella Packard, Ann. N. Y. Lye. N. H. x, 259, 1873 (PempeMa) ;
Grote, Bull U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 697, 1878 [Nephopteryx). — Expands 23 — 25
mm. Antennae and palpi as \u fenestrella, but the fore wings are more produced
towards the apex 'the outer edge being more oblique. Body and base of the fore
wings tawny, the thorax being clay yellow; palpi clear ash; basal third of the
fore wings tawny yellow, somewhat orange colored externally, outer edge of
this colored portion directed regularly and obliquely outwards from the costa to
the inner edge \tith three black venular dots along this oblique border. In the
ash si)ace beyond is a distinct dark discal dot, and the veins are black. A broad
marginal, tawny yellow band, the sides even and parallel; the costa, however,
is cinereous to the apex. A marginal black line and a fine dark line in the cine-
reous fringe near the base. Hind wings of the usual hue. Abdomen luteous;
beneath fore wings smoky, dusky towards the costa; a pale costal streak not
forming a submarginal pale line as in fenestrella. Legs dark ashen, whitish at
end of joints.
California.
Mr. Grote tells us : " I have examined the type (in poor condition )
and three unset, but fresh specimens. The discal points are present,
not absent, as Dr. Packard states. This species agrees closely in
form with fenestrella, but differs by tlie ochery color of the basal and
marginal fields of the primarias."
I, too, have examined the types of both species, and from these
and other specimens that have come under my observation, have no
doubt of the specific identity of the two forms. Leoninella is not
even a w^ell marked variety ; yet I allow it to stand as a variety,
with the statement of my opinion, till larger opportunities for com-
parison are found.
2. Li. Iiuinilis Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p 11. 1887. — Expands 21 mm. Fore
wings short, hind margin not very oblique, brownish gray, finely dusted with
-whitish, the veins streaked with black, interrupted by the whitish cross lines.
Discal spots distinct, very Vike fenestrella, but wings shorter, darkei", without any
traces of ochreous; the palpi also seem shorter and thicker.
California.
I. have not seen this species. If the structural difference holds it
is of course a good species, but no reliance can be placed upon the
absence of ochreous from the fore wind's.
168 GEO. D. HULST.
HYPOC-HAL.CIA Hiih.
(Type ahenella S. V.)
Verh. p. 367, 1816; Zeller, 1848, p. 585; Herricli-Scliaeffer, Sys. Bear, iv, 85,
1849; von Heiiiemaiin, Pyr. p. 165, 1865; Eag., Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii, 18, 1885.
Labia] palpi long, horizontal, heavy, second member about two
and a half times third ; maxillary palpi scale tufted, distinct; tongue
rather short and weak ; ocelli present ; antenna3 bent, members in
bend toothed. Tarsi spinnlated. Genitalia of % : uncus broad, tri-
angular, spine not long, hook short ; harpe bilobed, the lower part
narrow, elcmgated with stiff inturned hairs ; lower plate truncate
spatulate, with stiff inturned hairs. Venation : fore wings 11 veins,
4 and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins, 2 near angle, 4
and 5 long stemmed, 3 sepai-ate, 6 stemmed with 7, 7 and 8 stemmed
or separate.
1. H. hulstiella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 11, 1887.— Expand.s 22 mm.
Fore wiugs dark reddi.sh brown chocolate color; cross lines broad, ill-defined,
formed of dull reddish ochreous gray scales; the first oblique, straight; second
line rounded externally, uearing the first line on inner margin. Disc and costa
dusted with similar colored scales. Fringe lustrous, dark. Hiud wings dark
brown.
Texas.
S A RATA Eag.
(Type perfuscaUg Hulst)
Eag., Diag. X. A. Phyc.
Palpi long, drooping, slender ; maxillary palpi small ; tongue long
and strong; ocelli present; antennae thin, bent and swollen above
base, with a very small ridge of scales in bend. Venation : fore
wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 sejjarate, 10 separate; hind wings 2 quite
far from angle, 3 at angle close to 4, 4 and 5 long stemmed, cell
rather short, 9 smaller than % .
1. S. perlliscalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 161, ISM (NepJiopteryx) ;
Ento. Am. v, 1.56, 1889.
dophnerella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 11, 1887.
Expands 26 mm. Palpi and head dark fuscous ; thorax above nearly black.
Abdomen fuscous, with first segment black and second black above; fore wings
blackish fuscous, with an ochreous shade medially on costa; two white cross
lines rather broad, the first beginning below subcostal space going obliquely to
inner margin, the outer near margin and parallel with it; discal space incom-
pletely annulated with white; hind wings dark fu.scous ; all fringes white, fus-
cous at base; beneath even, light fuscous, a little lighter on outer field.
This, my description, was of the 9 only. ^Ir. Ragonot's descrip-
tion, which includes the male, is as follows :
"Expands % 32 mm 9 20 mm. Male fore wings gray, strongly and evenly
dusted with black, veins streaked with black, interrupted by the gniy, indistinct
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 169
cross lines; the first nearly straight, the second oblique, hardly indented on the
folds. Discal and marginal spots rather indistinct. The female shorter, more
robust, gray, the basal area black ; lines whitish black margined, distinct."
I have a S from Colorado which differs quite considerably from
this one of Mr. Ragonot ; the cross lines are obsolete, as are the
discal spots, and the color is nearly uniform gray with the veins
l)lackish. Taken by Mr. Foster in April.
2. S. uigrirasciella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 11, 1887.— % 28 mm. 9
20 mm. Fore wings of 'J, gray, suffused with dull reddish, basal area whiter.
Lines slightly oblique, nearly straight, gray, distinctly black margined in median
area; lower discal spot distinct, in a whitish streak. The 9 pure white, evenly
speckled with black ; lines white, black margined in median area, fringes black-
ish ; base black.
No locality is given.
ET1EL,i1a Zell.
(Type zhickenella Zell.)
Isis 1839, p. 179; 1846, p. 733: von Heineraann, Pyr. p. L54, 18fi5; Meyrick,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii, 203, 1878; vii, 1.56, 1882.
Eamphodes Guen., Ann. Soc. Ento. France, 184.5, p. 319 (Index Meth. p. 81) ;
Zeller, Chilo. Cram. Phyc. Hor. Soc. Ento. Ross. xvi. ]). 177.
3Ielln Walk., C. B. M. pt. 19. ]i. 1017, 1859.
Labial palpi long, horizontal, second member very long, five times
end member; maxillary palpi long, pencil-tufted; tongue quite long,
rather weak; ocelli present; antennae: basal member with a pro-
tuberance within at summit; a bend above base, in one convex
reach outwardly, and two equal concave reaches within, with tuft
in each concavity, the tuft below of scales turned up, the one above
of hair turned down ; beyond bend dentate pubescent. All tarsi
spinulated, spurs long ; thorax with a tuft of long hairs beneath on
either side the front. Genitalia % : uncus single, spine short ; harpa'
transposed into long, slender, incurved spines, with a stout incurved
spine within at base of each of these; lower plate broad, conical.
AVings long, narrow. Venation : fore wings 11 veins ; 4 and 5 sepa-
rate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins, 2 quite distant from angle, 8
separate, 4 and 5 stemmed or separate, 6 and 7 stemmed ; fore wings
with basal scale ridge above.
Synopsis of Species.
Ground color oehreous, powdered with black ; no di.scal spots. ..ziiickeiiellsi.
gray, not powdered with black ; discal spot present.. shisticolor.
Base and inner margin reddish riibribaMClla n. s]).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (22) JUNE, 1890.
170 GEO. D. HULST.
1. K. ziiickenella Treit., Schm. Eur. ix, pt. 1, p. 201, 1832 (Phycis); Zell.,
Isis 1846, p. 755, 1848, p. 882 iEfieUa) ; Hor. Soc. Ento. Eoss. svi, 177; von Heine-
maiin, Pyr. p. 154, 1865; Herrich-Schaeffer, Sys. Bear, iv, p. 72, 1849; Milliere,
Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, viii, 231 ; Frei., Lep. Sch. p. 274; Christoph. Horse Ento.
Soc. Eoss. xii, 221, 1876.
etiella Tr. x, pt. 3, p. 174, 1835.
(hjmniisaUs Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 19. p. 1017, 1859.
cnlonneUus Costa Fann. Nap. N. 15, pi. viii, fig. 2 (Chilo).
majorellus Costa Faun. Nap. N. 9, pi. viii, fig. 1 {Chilo}.
Labial palpi dark fuscous ; thorax brownish fuscous ; abdomen fuscous ; fore
wings fuscous gray, powdered over with blackish, a white stripe reaching from
base to apex, edged on the outer half in front with mouse brown ; a basal cross
line straight, red, edged inwardly with blackish and outwardly with ochreous
reddish ; outer line indicated by black lengthened points on veins. Hind wings
fuscous, veins and margin darker.
Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas. Also West
Indies; South America ; Europe; West Africa ; Madagascar; Cen-
tral Asia.
Milliere (Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon viii, 231) says that this insect in
the larval stage lives on Coluta arborescens.
Zeller refers Mella dymnnsalis Walk., as a synonym of this species.
2. E. shisticolor Zell., Hor. Ento. Soc. Eoss. xvi, p. 178.
viUosella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 133, 1887.
Expands 24 — 27 mm. Labial palpi russet-gray above, gray below. Maxillary
palpi yellowish, brown on end. Head, collar and fore thorax orange fuscous.
Thorax behind fuscous gray. Abdomen fuscous; fore wings mouse color, con-
sisting of bluish gray, overlaid partly with fuscous. A broad white stripe ex-
tending from base along cosia to apex. Extreme edge of costa of ground color
broadening outwardly just beyond middle and fading away towards apex. A
dull yellowish basal stripe reaching from white costal stripe to inner margin,
edged inwardly with a row of maroon-brown scales, the scales being longer than
usual. Hind wings fuscous, deepening outwardly, with dark marginal line.
Beneath even glistening, very light fuscous.
Colorado, California.
Mr. Ragonot has determined viUosella to be shisticolor Zeller, de-
scribed by him in a Russian periodical. It is very close to zincke-
nella. Zeller' s types came from California, and were taken on
October 8th.
3. E. rubribasella n. sp. — Expands 22 mm. Close to zinckenella, of which
it may be a variety. Head and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen reddish ochre-
ous basally, ochreous anally ; wings shorter, apex more sharply angled and anal
angle less rounded than in zinckenella. Fore wings with edge of costa i-eddish,
followed by a broad cream-white stripe reaching to and including apex, the rest
of the wing seal gray, slightly lighter in middle field and darker along costal
stripe ; cross line broad ochreous. raised scales reddish with metallic golden outer
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 171
edging, the whole with a fused appearance. Base of the wing deep red at mid-
dle; wing washed with deep reddish ou posterior portion of onter middle field.
Hind wings fuscous, light at base, very dark outwardly. Beneath dark fuscous.
Florida. Taken early in May.
MEIilTARA Walk.
{Type prodenialis Wlk.)
Walk., C. B. iM. pt. 27, p. 136, 1863.
Megaphycis Grt., Can. Ento. xiv, 29, 1882.
Labial palpi horizontal, or slightly ascending, short, all members
heavily scaled, those of the first and second hanging downward,
often in heavy tufts ; maxillary palpi very small ; front shaggy with
lougish scales ; tongue comparatively weak and short ; antennae long,
three-fourths of costa, quite heavily bipectinate in both sexes, with-
out bend or tuft; thorax subquadrate, short, heavily and loosely
scaled. Abdomen heavy, somewhat flattened above ; fore wings sub-
triangular, costa straight or somewhat concave ; hind wings broad,
long. Genitalia of S : uncus stout, spine short ; har[)e plain, broad ;
lower plate long, spatulate, somewhat curved uj), veiy beavily clothed
at end with stiff' inturned hairs. Legs short, heavy, very heavily
and loosely scaled; tarsi spinulated. Venation: fore wings 11 veins,
4 and 5 stemmed, 10 separate; hind wings 7 veins, 2 near angle, o
and 4 short stenmied, 5 wanting, 6 short stemmed with 7 ; cell short.
Synopsis of Species.
First line slightly dentate prodenialis.
with very deep angle deiitata.
" nearly obsolete feriialdialis.
1. M. prodenialis Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 137. 1863.
bollii Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1872, p. 550 (Beit, i, 104), pi. iii, fig.
21; 1875, p. 130 (Beit, iii, 130); Grote, Can. Ento. xiv, 29, 1882; Snellen, Tids.
Ento. XXX, 64, pi. v. fig. 64, pi. v, figs. 6, 6a.
Labial palpi dark fuscous, sprinkled with black ; head, anteniise and thorax
even dark fuscous; abdomen ocher fuscous, lightest on posterior segments. Fore
wings fuscous at base, half along inner margin, and ou outer field, except to-
wards apex, the rest light gray; the whole wiug much sprinkled with black and
marked with black ou veins, as well as with intermediate black strise ; inuel-
line indistinct, waved; outer line more distinct, finely dentate, somewhat sinu-
ous, edged within with blackish. Hind wings pellucid whitish to fuscous.
Discal spots coalesced into a heavy black dash.
Texas. Dr. Snellen has received it from Curacao, West Indies.
Larva a borer in Yucca and Asave.
172 GEO. D. HULST.
2. M. flentata Grt., Can. Ento. viii, 158, 1876 ( Zophodia) \ xiv, 29, 1882
{Meg(iph>icis). — Very much like prodenialis ; ground color very much lighter,
being whitish or very light gray. Distinguished from the other species in that
the basal line makes a longer outward dentation at middle. The outer line also
has the dotations much stronger. The inner shade line is more distinct, and
there is a row of marginal black points.
Colorado. Taken by Mr. William Foster in June and August.
Lives in Yucca ; Mr. Bruce raised the larva, but I have not the
description.
3. M. f'ei'iialdialis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii, 163, 1886 (Megaphycis).
— Expands .50 mm. Palpi, head, thorax and fore wings cinereous; the thorax
and wings a little the darker, the palpi being almost white at end. Fore wings
with a fine black basal line on po.st-discal vein, running half way out the wing;
beyond disc, veins 4 and 5 finely lined with black to margin ; a marginal line of
l)lack spots; hind wings pellucid fuscous, iridescent, nearly trausiiarent, white
basally ; marginal line dark fuscous, hairs long, anal margin forming a fuscous
band ; fringe of fore wings cinereous, of hind wings white, fuscous at base; be-
neath even glistening fuscous on fore wings; hind wings as above. Body and
legs cinereous, the latter stout and long.
Arizona.
ZOFHODIA Hiib.
(Type convoluteUa Hiib.)
Verh. p. 370, 1816 ; Zeller, Isis 1839, p. 176 ; 1848. p. 679 ; Herrich-Scliaefl'er-
Sys. Bear, iv, p. 90, 1849 ; von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 189, 1865 ; Meyrick. Trans.
Liuu. Soc. N. S. W. vii, 156, 1882; Eagouot, Ento. Mag. xxii, 19, 1885.
Daknma Grote, Bull. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 702, 1878. N. A. Ento. i, 11, 1879;
Papilio i, 152, 1882; Eiley, Papilio i, 108.
Labial palpi nearly horizontal, rather heavily scaled generally,
second member somewhat tufted in front, twice the end metnber ;
maxillary palpi distinct, scaled on end into a sort of tuft ; tongue
quite strong; ocelli present; anteun?e simple in % ; tarsi spinulated,
hardly so on fore legs, hind tibise swollen. Genitalia of S : uncus
l)ent at base, spine rather long ; harpe rather light, with quite long
spine at base within ; lower plate spatulate, heavily edged at end
with stiff bristles. All very much like typical genitalia of the
Epipaschiidiie. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 long stemmed,
10 short stemmed or separate ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 distant from
angle, 3 and 4 stemmed, sometimes separate ; 7 and 8 stemmed.
I cannot see how Dakruma can be otherwise than a synonym of
Zophodia, as the types are very closely related, though undoubtedly
distinct species.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 173
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings whitish along costa 2.
gray, costa concolorous grossiilarisip.
2. " whitish glaiicatella.
" posterior part washed with l)lackish or fuscous 3.
3. Inner margin with more or less reddish clilatirasciella.
Wings not at all reddish 4.
4. Costal stripe narrow. packai'della.
" half wing «;raciella.
1. Z. groxistilarise Pack. Guide (pt. 6), ]>. 331, as early as March, 1869
{Pempelia) ; Kiley, Missouri Eep. i, March, 1869 (Pempelia) ; Papilio i, 108 ; French,
Ills. Eep. vii, 251, 1877; Grote, N. A. Ent. i, 11, pi. 2, fig. 12; i, 68; Papilio i, 142.
turbatella Grt.. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 702. 703, 1878.
Expands 22— 25 mm. Labial palpi, head, antennfe and thorax fuscous gray;
fore wings very light gray, overlaid with fuscous and blackish ; basal field rather
darker in middle; basal line near base whitish, rounded outwardly, followed by
a broad, even, rounded, blackish band; middle field with blackish running
somewhat in longitudinal stripe, with two parallel, somewhat coalescing white
stripes just anterior to middle; di.scal spot fuscous, diffuse, dentated ; outer line
white, dentate, rather oblique, distinct, margined within with blackish, more
marked costally, and lined outwardly with blackish, which extends over the
outer field ; marginal points black. Hind wings light fuscous, pellucid.
Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Illinois, Missouri, and probably
generally East of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.
Prof. Riley says the larva is about 16 — 17 mm. long ; head, cervical
and anal shields yellowish, mouth parts darker ; the body cylindrical,
tapei'iiig slightly both ways from the middle, of a glass-green color
without darker spots ; thoracic legs dark ; abdominal the color of
the body. Food, gooseberries; the larva lives within these, causing
them to ripen prematurely.
The pupa is about 7 — 8 mm. long, dark mahogany in color.
2. Z. graciella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 134, 1887 (Spermatophthora).
longipennella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 117, 1888.
Expands 28 mm. Palpi fuscous gray, whitish above. Head light gray. Thorax
light fuscous in front, gray at middle, blackish behind. Abdomen gray. Fore
wings white on anterior half, fuscous white on posterior half. Veins sharply
lined with black or fuscous black, and a blackish line dividing the discal cell.
Cross lines faintly indicated, the basal by a black line close to the base and present
only near costa, the outer by a black patch near apex. A marginal line of some-
what lengthened black points. Hind wing light shining fuscous. Beneath fus-
cous, the posterior portion of fore wings and the whole hind wings light fuscous.
Texas. Taken in June and July.
3. Z. packardella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 12, 1887.— Expands 16—26
mm. Fore wings much rounded on costa, pale brownish black, very finely and
174 GEO. D. HULST.
indistinctly dusted with wbite, with very shadowy dark fascije; the costa white
to the second line, and to the end of the cell, which is followed by a large
shadowy blackish round spot ; the veins marked as fuscous lines on the white
part. Hind wings fuscous.
Cilifornia.
4. Z. glaucatella Hulst, Euto. Am. iv. 117, 1888 (Jfonorrt).— Expands 22
mm. Palpi, head and thorax light gray, stained with fuscous ; abdomen ochreous
gray; fore wings white along costal half and base, stained with fuscous on pos-
terior half of middle and outer fields; basal line rounded, indistinct, edged out-
wardly with black, broad and heavy in middle, ob.solete at both ends; discal spot
black, prominent; outer line oblique, wavy, edged both sides with dark fuscous,
outwardly becoming black at costa; hind wings faded white, pellucid, yellowish
outwardly.
Texas. Taken in May.
.5. Z. flilatifasciella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 13, 1887.— Expands 17 mm.
Fore wings white, sparingly dusted with black on the costal half, washed and
dusted with reddish gray towards inner margin. Lines white, distinctly black
edged, the outer border of first line forming a broad baud, wide on inner margin,
narrow on costa. Second line sinuous, discal dots distinct.
Arizona ; Sonora, Mex.
EIJZOPHERA Zeller.
(Type cineroseUa Zell.)
Stett. Ento. Zeit. xxviii, 377, 1867; Eagonot, Ento. Men. Mag. xxii, 30, 1885;
Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv, 239, 1879; vii, 156, 1872.
Stenoptycha, von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 190, 1865.
Melia, von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 209, 1865.
Labial palpi ascending, slender, end member one-half middle ;
the end member is slightly indented at end with a' groove reaching
downward, not very distinct; maxillary palpi distinct, a little scale
tufted on end; tongue weak, not long; ocelli present, very small;
antennpe simple, or hardly bent above base; legs slender; fore legs
tarsi scarcely spinulated. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5
stemmed, 10 separate; hind wings 2 distant from angle, 3 and 4 very
short stemmed, rarely separate, 7 and 8 long stemmed.
The tendency in the end member of palpi to a furcation is aber-
rant, and is the only point in the Piiycitidre which seems to suggest
an affinity to the Galleriidte.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings washed with deep reddish ; middle field not darker than the others.
ostricolorella u. sp.
" tinged with reddish; middle field much darker 2.
NORTH AMEKICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 175
2. Lines sinuous oclirifroiitella.
" angled 3.
3. First line angled at middle 4
" not angled at middle aglieella.
4. Fore wings faintly reddish !$eniif uiieralis.
" blackish gray iiigricaiitella.
1. E. ostricolorella n. sp. — Palpi and head very dark fuscous; thorax
fuscous, darker and reddish in front, somewhat ochreous behind ; abdomen
ochreous ; fore wings long, rounded on costa, dark red all over except near apex,
and along outer margins, which are ochreous: lines distinct, the basal near the
middle of the wing, rather wide, even, angulate near inner margin ; outer line
distinct, ochreous, angulate outwardly at middle; base and middle field slightly
ochreous, discal spots coalescing, very faint. Hind wings shining yellow fuscous.
New York.
2. E. seinifiiiieralis Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 57, 1863 (Nephoptenjx).
impleteJlii Zell., Hor. Ento. Soc. Eoss. xvi, 234, pi. xii, fig. 37 (Chilo Cram.
Phyc. C'olumb.).
y pnUuleUa Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 137.
Expands 18—25 mm. Tongue light gray. Palpi fuscous. Head and thorax
dark olive fuscous. Abdomen ocher fuscous ; fore wings light gray, with reddish
brown and black markings. Basal field reddish brown, except along costa,
deepest along the basal line. Basal line white, far out at the middle of the wing,
twice angled inwardly, scalloped outwardly. Middle field narrow, bright black,
with more or less of white scales, except along inner margin, which is reddish
bi-own. A white discal point; outer line distinct, white dentate sinuate, with
two angles more or less rounded inwardly, edged within with a sharp black line :
outer field reddish brown, except apically, which is light gray. A marginal
black line cut by the veins. Hind wings smoky fuscous, with black marginal
line. Beneath fuscous, fore wings lighter on outer fiefd, and hind wings with
outer line faintly indicated.
New York, North Carolina, Utah, Washington, Texas, Illinois,
Colorado, Florida. I have received specimens taken in March,
April, Sej)tember and October, from Texas.
The species varies considerably in coloration and distance apart
of the cross lines. Some specimens approach aglceella very closely,
and others nigricantella. I have little doubt the three forms overlap
each other.
I have received from Prof S. A. Forbes, Champaign, 111., a de-
tailed description of this insect published in a local paper in antici-
pation of its proper publication in his 16th Report. By his permis-
sion I am able to give a full account of the larva and its methods
of pursuing its work, with other interesting notes on the life history
of the insect.
Larva. — The general appearance of this larva is that of a dusky, somewhat
hairy caterpillar, paler beneath, with reddish brown head, darker in the middle
176 GEO. D. HULST.
and variegated cervical shield. Principal hairs conspicuously long and slender.
The head is brown, with a lateral black blotch behind the eyes, smooth, much
darker on the slightly depressed frontal area, this bordered by depressed black
sutures, outside which, at a little distance, is a V-shai>ed fiue white line. An-
tenupe S-jointed ; first joint very large, broadly conical ; second, thick, oval, with
a very long stout hair at outer side of tip ; the third minute. Ocelli five, black,
placed behind the antennae, in a curve opening downward. Labruni broadly
emarginate, with rounded lobes. Maxillte and labrum pale beneath, with dark
sutures, strongly contrasting with adjacent parts of head. Mala and palpi brown.
Labial palpi minute. Maxillary palpi 3-jointed, large; first joint nearly as
thick as the palpiger, and about as broad as long; second joint cylindrical, width
two-thirds the length; third joint tapering, about two-thirds as long as the
second. Body with six conspicuous rows of long, pale hairs, longest on the pos-
terior segments, one hair of each row to each segment, each borne on a minute
black piliferous tubercle, scarcely as large as the spiracle. One row above spira-
cles, another equally distant below, and two subdorsal rows. Other smaller
hairs irregularly distributed. Cervical shield yellow, smooth, with a few scat-
tered hairs and two curved brown blotches, one on each side, separated by a
median spot. Anal plate coriaceous, brown, heart-shaped, with six long, stout
hairs at its posterior margin. Posterior segments without spines or tubercles
at hind margin, differing here from the peach borer. Spiracles black, nearly cir-
cular, anterior pair but little larger than the remaining eight, last pair not
exceeding the eighth in size. Thoracic legs pale reddish brown externally,
paler within, with dusky tips. Each proleg, except the last pair, with a complete
close circlet of large hooks, and several smaller ones besides, and also a horny
black central disk or tubercle within the ring. Last pair with a single half
circlet of very strong, close-set hooks.
This is becoming a pest in Illinois, attacking and destroying Plum
trees. The larvpe are generally found near the forks of the trees,
but often at or a little beneath the ground. The smaller ones live
in the bark, often just below the outer skin; later they cut through
the whole bark often destroying trees. Kept in a breeding-cage and
supplied with twigs of Plum trees they, in the Autumn, spin small
webs, in which they i)ass the winter, pupating the next Spring and
emerging near the end of May.
Other moths of this species were taken several times at the electric
light in 1886, 1887 and 1888, the dates of their occurrence ranging
from May 5th to August 24th. The greater part, however, were
collected in May and June, and this is doubtless the period of the
greatest prevalence of the winged form. The time and place of
oviposition are unknown.
In brief, the species is apparently single-brooded; passes the Winter
as a larva in the tree; pupates in INIay; emerges in May and June,
and may continue to lay eggs through July and August.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 177
3. E. nigricaiitella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 14, 1887.— Expands 22—26
mm. Fore wings gray, very strongly and evenly dusted with black ; lines
hardly paler, black margined in median area, approximate, remote from base;
first line with a deep sinus in the middle outwardly, and an angle on dorsal vein :
second line angled in the middle, indented on the folds. A white spot on the
disc. Hind wings yellowish white, veins fuscous.
Arizona; Sonora, Mex.
4. E. aglieella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 14, 1887.— Hulst, Ento. Am. v.
155, 1889. — Expands 20 mm. Fore wings elongate, pale gray, washed with pale
reddish brown, except on the costa; lines approximate, whitish, black margined
in median area; first line very remote from base, perpendicular, but forming an
angle inwards on dorsal vein, second line obtusely angled in the middle. Median
area much dusted with black ; an elongate spot on disc. Hind wings whitish.
Utah; Sonora, Mex.
5. E. oehrifroiitella Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1875, p. 337 (Beit,
iii, 131), {Ephestia).
ferruginella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 14, 1887.
Expands 10 — 12 mm. Head ocher yellow, thorax ocher fuscous, reddish. Ab-
domen ocher gray; fore wings dark brownish red, lines slightly sinuous, very
approximate, remote from base, pale ochreous, so broadly black margined in me-
dian area that this appears quite black ; a whitish spot on disc. Hind wings
fuscous, darker on margin.
Massachusetts, North Carolina, Illinois, Texas, Ohio.
Prof". Forbes took the insect at " sugar" at Urbana, Ohio, August
od and in September. This insect is also somewhat variable in ap-
pearance. A specimen identified by Mr. Ragonot as ferriiginella,
corresponds with Zeller's type of oehrijrontella in the Cambridge
Museum.
6. E. fraiicoiiiella n. sp. — Expands 28 mm. Labial i)alpi dark fuscous;
front gray, darkened with fuscous in middle; thorax dark fuscous; abdomen
fuscous gray; fore wings dark fuscous, lightened with light gray on costal half
within outer line; a distinct central longitudinal black dash at base reaching to
first line ; first line white, indistinct, broken, difl'use ; outer line indistinct, white,
oblique, starting just within apex, with a sharp zigzag at middle; discal spots
distinct, coalesced, somewhat difl'use ; outer field fuscous. Veins lined with black,
this color showing sharply on the gray anterior portion ; a black line also cross-
ing the cell longitudinally in middle field. Hind wings fuscous gray, veins and
margin darker.
Franconia, N. H. Taken by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, of New York.
Very like ZopJiocUa graciella in appearance.
SEBTECA* n. gen.
(Type tmniduleUa Rag.)
I am unable to give a full description of this genus, as I have
* An ancient tribe of Indians of Central New York.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (23) JUNE, 1890.
178 GEO. D. HULST.
never seen the species which is its type. Mr. Ragonot describes and
catalogues it under Cateremna Meyrick. That genus was based on
Australian species, which I have not seen. Mr. Meyrick says, and
Mr. Ragonot agrees that the European tenehrella is a Cateremna.
Taking this as a guide, in general structure, Seneca has erect, re-
curved labial palpi ; maxillary palpi short, filiform. Antennoe sim-
])le, tongue long, ocelli wanting in tenehrella. Venation : fore wings
11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 7 veins, 2 dis-
tant from angle, 8 and 4 stemmed, 5 wanting, 6 and 7 stemmed, 7
and 8 stemmed. The new genus differs in having a basal ridge of
scales on fore wings above. No note is made by Mr. Meyrick nor
Mr. Ragonot of the ocelli; the probabilities are they are present in
tumidulella, though they are wanting in Cateremna tenehrella.
"Whether the Australian species have these organs I do not know,
but the basal scale ridge is a sufficient generic character, and com-
mon to both sexes.
1. S. tiiiiiidiilella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. ]3, 1887 (Cateremna).— 'E.s.-
pands 20 mm. Fore wings blackish gray; costa with a whitisli patch in median
area extending to the distinct diseal dots, leaving a black triangular patch after
the first line. First line oblique, gray, preceded by a perpendicular ridge of
black raised scales, the triangular space between dark reddish brown : second
line sinuous, gray, dark margined ; marginal dots distinct.
Florida.
VITUL.A Rag.
(Type edmandsii Pack.)
Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 14, 1887.
Labial palpi ascending, filiform, end member nearly as long as
middle; maxillary palpi distinct; ocelli wanting, tongue strong, an-
tennie of % pubescent, slightly bent above base, without tuft ; fore
wings with tuft of scales on costa below near base. Genitalia of % :
uncus short, base broad, harpe light, broad ; lower plate conical,
curved up on both sides, armed with bristles; last segment beneath
with four tufts of hairs, these resting upon a somewhat chitinized
sui'face, with a heavy chitinized bar on each side. Venation : fore
wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 10 separate; hind wings 7 veins, 2
distant from angle, 3 and 4 separate or very short stemmed, 8 very
short.
1. V. edmandsii Pack., Proc. Essex Inst, iv, 120, 1864 (Nepliopleryx) ;
Guide, p. 331, p. iii, fig. 2, 1870; Hulst, Ento. Am. v, 156, 1SS9.
dentoselln Rag.. Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 14, 1887.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 179
Expands 17 — 20 mm. Fore wings gray, dusted with black, especially iu the
median area, sometimes washed with reddish ; lines pale, black margined in
median area, rather approximate, both parallel with hind margin ; first line pro-
duced on dorsal vein into a strong angle; second line sinuous, produced into a
distinct angle on median vein. Discal dots forming a streak. Hind wings
whitish. Larva, according to Packard, lives in the uests of buml)le-hees and
feeds on the cells.
Canada, New York, North Carolina, Florida, Texas.
I have referred dentosella Rag. as a synonym of edmandsil Pack,
on the authority of a specimen received from Mr. Ragonot labeled
Vitula. dentosella Rag., which is the same as Packard's type of ed-
mandsu in the Cambridge Museum.
2. V. werratiiiiieella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 15, 1887.— Expands 25
mm. Fore wings unicolorous blackish gray, lines black, very distinct and den-
tate. The first is slightly curved outwards ; the second approximate to the hind
margin is acutely angled inwardly on the discal fold and outwardly below. A
black lunule on disc ; a few black scales at the base. Hind wings pale brownish
gray.
No locality given by Mr. Ragonot. I have it from S. California.
3. V. basimaculella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 15, 1887. -Expands 16
mm. Fore wings white, speckled with black; below median vein suffused with
brownish gray; first line whitish, indistinct, perpendicular, distinguishable by
its very broad iilack external border, which is less distinct on inner margin ;
second line white, distinctly black margined, oblique, indented on the folds.
Discal spots one above the other, distinct. A black spot on the costal vein at
base. Hind wings fuscous.
No locality is given by Mr. Ragonot.
€ANA11SIA«- n. gen.
(Type ulmiarrosorella Clem.)
Labial palpi erect, recurved, exceeding head, end member one-half
middle; maxillary palpi distinct, scaled, but not pencil tufted in % ;
tongue strong, but rather short, about four times head; ocelli pre.seut,
quite distinct; antennae of S bent above base, a large tuft of scales
in the bend, otherwise crenulate pubescent. Legs light, not long,
all tarsi spinulated. Genitalia of S : uncus short, bifid, broad at
base; liarpe broad; lower plate spatulate conical, with inturned hairs;
last segment of abdomen below with chitinous plate and two tufts of
hairs; between these two chitinized processes with lateral projection
half way out, and in front of all these filiform, pennant-like pro-
cesses four in number; the abdomen of the 9 on penultimate and
A tribe of Indians formerly on Long Island, N. Y.
180 GEO. D. HULST.
antepenultimate segments is armed with short spines, about twelve
in number. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 always stemmed,
sometimes quite short, 10 separate; hind wings 7 veins, 2 )iear angle,
3 and 4 always stemmed, 6 and 7 separate, 8 always separate from 7.
This genus is close to Fsorosa ZelL, differing principally in the
stemming of 4 and 5 of fore Avings, which, after a study of forty or
more examples of the type, seems to be entirely constant; it differs
also in the armature of the abdomen of 9 beneath; the tongue is
also much shorter.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wiugs brownish black ; lines broad, even white Iiaillinoildi.
" dark gray; lines fine dentate uliiiiarrosorella.
1. V. uliniarrosorella Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1860, p. 205
{Nephopteryx); Grote, Bull. Geol Surv. Terr, iv, 1, 1878.
pneiimateUa Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 137, October, 1887 (Stenoptycha) .
ulmella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 13, December, 1887 {Psorosa).
fuscntella Hnlst, Ento. Am. iv, 118, 1888.
Expands 18 mm. Head blackish gray. Thorax fuscous gray. Abdomen with
segments ringed, dark fuscous in front, light fuscous behind. Fore wings blue-
gray, quite even in color over the wing. A small white spot at centre of basal
field, sometimes obsolete. Basal cross line well out, wavy angulate, shadowed
by black outwardly, which is heavier and more difi'use near costa. Two black
discal points, generally confluent, often followed by white. Outer line fine,
white, aiigulated from costa first inwardly then outwardly, then nearly straight
to inner margin, shadowed inwardly and outwardly with black, the inner line
being the heavier. A n)arginal line of black points. Hind wings smoky to
ocher fuscous, subpellucid. Beneath fuscous, the outer Hue of fore wings evident ;
hind wiugs as above.
Food-plant the American Elm. Maine, New York, Pennsylvania,
Missouri, Wisconsin, Texas, Illinois, low^a.
I have no doubt that the above synonymy of this species is correct.
Clemens' type is lost, and his description is very brief, but he gives
the food-})h\nt, and taking the two points together I think this his
insect.
Clemens says of the larva : " the larva is found on the American
Elm in August. The head is pale brown, dotted with dark brown.
The body dark green, with a dorsal double line of pale green patches
and a slight dorsal and stigmatal line of the same hue. On the first,
second, fourth, fifth and tenth rings are brown, subdorsal points. It
weaves a web on the surfiice of the leaves, feeding beneath it. The
pupa is contained in a web between united leaves in the vivarium.
It becomes a pupa about the middle of August, and an imago about
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 181
twelve or fourteen days after transformation." 1 have taken the
insect in Brooklyn in September. I have specimens from Texas,
taken in April, May, June and September. In Texas, therefore, it
may be, and probably is, two-brooded. Mrs. Fernald took the insect
from June 24th to July 23d, at Amherst, Mass. Prof Forbes
writes me he has taken the imago at electric light on July 20th and
August 16th, at Champaign, 111.
2. C liaminoiicli Riley, Mo. Rep. iv, 46, fig. 21, 1872 (Pempelia) ; Index
Mo. Rep. p. 80, 18S1 ; 111. Rep. xv, 252. 1877; Weed, 111. Rep. xv, p. 58.— Average
expanse 12 mm. Fore wings glossy purplish brown, with two silvery gray trans-
verse bands, dividing the wing on costa in about three equal parts; the basal
band sharply defined outwardly, and always extending to inner margin, the pos-
terior band never extending more than half way acro.ss the wing, and generally
not more than one-third, illy-defined. In some specimens the basal band is quite
narrow, with the basal -shade paler than the median ; in others the band forms
a double line. In some specimens also a narrow, pale, transverse line outside the
second band, and a pale terminal shade are visible. Hind wings uniformly paler
gray. Under surface glossy gray with no marks, the front wings a shade darker
than the hind.
Larva. — Length 11 — 12.5 mm. General color olive or pale green, or brown,
with a broad dark stripe along each side of back. Tapers slightly both ways,
joints 4 — 12 inclusive, divided into two transverse folds; freckled with numerous
pale specks and with piliferous spots, the specks often taking the form of two
pale broken lines along the upper edge of dark stripe. The piliferous spots are
pale with a central black dot, and are best seen in dark specimens. On joints
4 — 12 inclusive, there are placed 4 in a square in the middle of the back, and 4
more each side, the two upper lateral ones being on the anterior fold, the stig-
mata appearing as minute rufous specks between them. Both these spots are
often double. The third lateral spot is on the posterior fold, and the fourth is
subventral and anterior. The hairs proceeding from these spots are long and
setaceous. Head horizontal, freckled, pale behind, tinged with green in front
and with a few long hairs; joint 1 also freckled, and with a large black pilifer^
ous tubercle, with a pale basal annulation, and in range with middle of dark
stripe, joint 2 with similar black tubercles, with a white center and replacing
the uppermost lateral pale spot. There are but two of the small, pale, dorsal
piliferous spots on this joint (between the tubei'cles). as well as on joint 3. Be-
neath immaculate, except that the thoracic legs have sometimes a few dusky
dots. In very dark specimens the head, cervical shield, and anal plate remain
pale. The cervical shield is then well defined, with four piliferous specks at an-
terior edge, and the large shiny tubercle forms the extreme anterior angle.
Pupa. — Length 6 mm. Rather short and stout, with two diverging spines and
a few stiff bristles at tip.
In many specimens the subdorsal dark stripe is obsolete or siibob-
solete, but even then the four black tubercles on joints 1 and 2 char-
acterize the larva sufficiently (from Riley).
Pi'of Forbes took this insect at electric light July 2oth.
182 GEO. D. HULST.
L,.-ETII.IA Rag.
(Type coccidivora Comst.)
Cat. N. A. Phyc. Euto. Am. p. 116, 1889.
Labial palpi generally somewhat ascending, rarely appearing por-
rect, end member quite long, one-half middle member ; maxillary
palpi distinct, not tufted ; ocelli present ; antenna simple, not bent
above base ; tongue weak, rather short. Venation : fore wings 11
veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 10 separate ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle,
3 and 4 short stemmed, 8 very short ; cell short, about one-third of
wing.
I am not at all certain this genus has a right to exist. It has not
been described that I am aware of, but Mi*. Ragonot catalogues it
with the species coccidivora and ephestiella under it. There seems to
be here what is otherwise unknown to me, a variation in the labial
palpi. I have some specimens from Texas where they are erect, and
others where they are absolutely horizontal. In every other respect
these specimens agree ; these are not sexual variations ; nor do I feel
justified in looking upon the difference as an evidence of two spe-
cies, for I have intermediate forms. The New Mexico specimens all
have porrect palpi.
1. Li. cocciilivora Comstock, N. A. Euto. i, 25, 1879. pi. 4 (Dakruma, coc-
cidivora) ; Rfpt. U. S. Agiic. Dept. 1880; Packard, Ins. Iiij. to Shade Trees, p. 54.
pallida Comstock, Dept. Agric. Eept.
Expands 10 — 18 mm. Head above dark ash-gray, with a faint coppery reflec-
tion, below and behind the eyes, white. Eyes black and coarsely faceted : lower
surface of the antennse pale brown, upper surface dark gray, with coppery and
green reflection. Labial palpi black, sprinkled with white scales, and with the
base almost entirely white. Masillse rust-red, with the basal half clothed with
white scales, interspersed with a few black ones. Thorax above and patagife
dark gray, with browu and green reflections. Abdomen annulated with brown
predominating above, the light gray beneath. Fore wings light gray, marked
with brown and black. A light band extends across the outer part of the basal
third of the wing; the costal half of this baud is wide, reaching nearly to the
base of the wings ; the remaining half is narrow. Near the base of the wings
there is a short transverse gray band, which is sometimes obsolete; exterior to
this is a short longitudinal black spot, which also varies greatly in size and in-
tensity of color. The light band which extends across the outer part of the
basal third of the wing is bordered externally by a dark band, which is narrow
on the costa and near the middle of the wing, widens so as to reach the outer
third of the wing. There are two black discal spots which are sometimes dis-
tinct, but more often united, so as to form a single crescent-shaped spot opening
outward. A row of sis or seven black spots on the outer margin, and one-fourth
the distance to the body, a wavy light gray band parallel to the exterior margin,
and bordered on each side with dark brown ; the costal end of the outer of these
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
18.-
l)rown borders is usually darker and widened externally, forming a conspicuous
l)lack triangular spot; lower surface of the front wings gray, especially towards
the apex, with a slight hrassy tinge.
Larva. — Length of the full grown larva 8—12 mm. Body cylindrical, taper-
ing slightly towards each end. Head small, rounded, slightly bilobed, black,
and somewhat polished ; antenniE white, 4-jointed, basal joint largest, the second
Lsetilia coccidivora Comstock.
(after Comstock)
a, egg; b, larva; c, pupa; d, imago; e, moth at rest.
about one-fourth the length of the first, third nearly hs long as the tirst, but only
about one-third as thick, fourth a mere tubercle; upper surface of the body a
greeniish black color with a faint tinge of bronze ; prothoracic shield black, finely
granulated, and with a pale dorsal line ; anal shield a little darker than the body
and sparsely beset with long hairs. Stigmata and all piliferous .spots brown,
with pale centres; under surface of the body bluish green. Legs black, with
the nodes bluish green, the ring of booklets of prolegs pale brown with a light
center.
184 GEO. D. HULST.
Egg. — White, faintly glossy; oval iu outline, i mm. long, i mm. wide; surface
closely indented with large, irregular, five- or six-sided pits; the walls of the
indentations forming sharp ridges over the surface of the egg.
Nkwly hatched larva. — Length 5 mm. Color dull white, tinged with yel-
low ; head and thoracic shield dark hrown ; mouth parts dull yellow ; body at-
tenuated ; head and thoracic plate large, round, flattened dorso-ventrally ; head
with several long lateral hairs; each abdominal segment furnished laterally with
a long stiflf hair ; thoracic and prolegs strong and well developed.
Chrysalis. — Length 6.5 mm. Color: dorsum dark brown, inclining to black-
ish toward anus, venter a little lighter, wing and antenual sheaths yellowish
brown. Wing sheaths reaching nearly to the sixth abdominal segment; antennal
sheaths reaching to the tip of the wing sheaths ; dorsum densely punctured,
venter less so; stigmata at the tips of slight protuberances; tip of abdomen
nearly surrounded by a whorl (complete dorsally, incomplete ventrally) of small
pointed tubercles.
Prof. Comstock, in addition, gives the following history of this
insect: " While studying a colony of the cottony ma})le scale (Pid-
vinaria inrnimerabilis) which was found on a branch of Negnndo
aceroides in Washington, I was surprised to find a Pyralid larva
living within the cottony mass excreted by these insects. On further
examination it was found that very many of the bark lice afforded
retreats for similar larvre. This, with the fact that the eggs deposited
by such individuals or the young lice developed from them, had been
destroyed, indicated that the Pyralid larvse were predaceous. One
of these larvae was placed in a glass tube with a bark louse, the eggs
of which had not been destroyed. These eggs had just hatched, and
the cottony excretion was swarming with the young lice. The larva
soon made its way under this mass, and after spinning a delicate
silken tube about its body began to devour the young lice greedily.
Although the caterpillar is well protected, living, as it does, within
the mass of cottony excretion, it spins about its body a delicate silken
tube, which when spun within the cottony mass is with difficulty
distinguished from it. When a branch is thickly infested by Pul-
vinaria, these tubes extend from one bark louse to another. The
caterpillars are very active, moving about freely within these silken
passages from beneath one scale to another.
At the time my observations were made (June '24th) many of the
caterpillars were full grown, and some of them transformed at once.
The cocoon is made within the silken tunnel and is quite delicate,
the pupa being plainly visible within it. Individuals of this brood
remained ten days in the pupa state. The greater number bred by
me issued July 17th ; some, however, did not appear until Aug. 13th.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTEKA. 185
These moths are not easily disturbed, but will suffer the twig upon
which they are to be handled freely without moving, and often they
will not take to flight even when touched. They usually rest upon
the two posterior pairs of legs, and the tip of the folded wings with
the fore legs drawn closely to the body, and the whole body forming
an angle of about 45° with the object upon which they are at rest.
In this position they will remain motionless for hours.
Several of the moths were placed in a breeding-cage containing a
twig infested with Palvlnarla. Several eggs were afterwards found.
These were deposited singly either on the bark, the coccid scales, or
the cottony masses. Six days after oviposition the eggs hatched.
The moth seems to be two brooded."
This is a most remarkable and interesting history, and seems as
yet to be unique in the family.
I have received specimens of the insect from Central Texas and
New Mexico. The Texas specimens were taken in May, June,
August and September. The New Mexico specimens in September,
Pallida is simply a somewhat lighter variation.
2. L.. ep!iesfielIaRa.t;.,Diao;. N. A. Pliyc. p. 13, 1887 (i)r?7c/viTOn).— Expands
17mm. Pure wings narrow, unicolorous, obscure blackish gray; lines hardly
paler, finely edged with black ; first line nearly straight, slightly curved out-
wards; second line parallel with hind margin, sinuous, deeply indented on discal
and dorsal folds; a black streak on disc. Hind wings semi-transparent, whitish.
Arizona.
(liTAlTDIXGeRIA Rag.
(Type morbosella Rag.)
Ann. Soc. Ento. France, 1887, p. 249.
Labial palpi ascending, straight, long; maxillary ])alpi pencil
tufted; ocelli present (in American species); antennae simj^le, or
scarcely bent above base ; tongue .strong. Genitalia of S : uncus
.stout, at once bifid to broad base, with two processes above terminal
spine, one on each furcation; harpe as usual; lower plate broad,
truncate conical, curved up on edges, heavily armed on outer edge
with bristles ; last segment of abdomen, with chitinized cross bar
without tufts. Fore wings long, narrow, triangular, angles distinct.
Hind wings well rounded, broad. Venation: fore wings 11 vein.-*,
4 and 5 in a line with the median nervure ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 at
angle or close to it, 8 near 7, but separate.
In the American species (referred to this genus by Mr. Riigonot
after a study of the type) 4 and 5 are not on a line with median
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (24) JUNE. 18P0
186 GEO. D. HULST.
vein ; they are very short stemmed, and 10 is separate. In the hind
wings 3 and 4 are stemmed one-half length, 7 and 8 are stemmed.
The description of the genitalia is from the American species.
1. S. albipeuuella Hulst, Euto. Am. iii, 133, 1887 iPempelia). — Expands
20 mm. Palpi whitish fuscous, darker at end ; head ocher fuscous, as also ab-
domen : thorax fuscous. Fore wings dull ocher clay-white, shaded and washed
with fuscous reddish basally and beyond first line, at middle sometimes wanting.
Lines intermediate, revealed by the fuscous, the basal with blackish spot along
inner margin, the outer close to margin, parallel with it. Hind wings light fus-
cous, with veins and margin darker.
Southern California.
HETEROGRAPHIS Rag.
(Type legateUa Hiib.)
Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii. 31, 1885.
Mona Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 11.5, 1888.
Labial palpi erect, slightly exceeding head, end member short ;
maxillary palpi small, filiform ; tongue rather long, stout; ocelli
present; antennae simple, slightly bent, pubescent. Legs: tarsi all
spinulated. Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, these
on a line with the median vein, 10 separate; hind wings 7 veins, 2
at angle ; 3 and 4 long stemmed.
1. H. morrisonella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 11, 1887 (Heterographis).
— Expands 14 — 22 mm. Fore wings clay-white or ochreous, dusted unevenly
with blackish, particularly on and about the veins and along the lines. Costa
whitish to second line. Lines whitish, oblique, not distinct, the outer near mar-
gin and sometimes seeming dentate by the fading of the blackish edging; some-
times a band within basal and beyond outer line, sometimes one, sometimes both
wanting. Discal dots distinct or wanting. Hind wings fuscou.s, pellucid.
Texas, Colorado, New Mexico.
Var. olbiella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 116, 1887 {3Iona).
Under this name I described several specimens, part the normal
form of morrisonella, part what I think to be a variety having the
same markings, but washed all over, except on the lines, with deep
wine-red ; the name may hold as a varietal name for this very distinct
form.
Yar. coloradensis Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 12, 1887 i Heterographis).
In ray specimens I have is every variation from morrisonella to
coloradensis. The latter differs from the type form in having no
ochreous submarginal band, or as some specimens are found without
the basal band also, it may stand for the form having no orange
ochreous, on fore wings.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 187
IIONORA Grote.
(Type mellinella Grt.)
Bull. U. S. Geol. Siirv. iv, 702. 1878; N. A. Ento. i, 11. 1879.
Labial palpi erect, exceeding head, end member quite short ; max-
illary palpi distinct, scale tufted on end ; tongue rather long ; ocelli
small ; autenuie simple, pubescent ; legs not heavy, tarsi spinulated,
spurs slender, short. Genitalia of S after the normal pattern, with-
out spines ; last segment of abdomen beneath with two tufts of hairs.
Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 long stemmed, 10 separate;
hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed.
Differs from Heterographls Rag. only in the stemming of 4 and
5 of fore wings. I place andalatella Clem, under this genus i-ather
than under Heterogrophis, as does Mr. Ragonot, for 4 and 5 are
always stemmed, though not always long. If the two genera must
be combined by this connecting species, then Heterographis becomes
a subgenus only. In his description Mr. Grote says the labial palpi
are porrect, but afterwards confesses he mistook the meaning of that
term, and meant ascending, or recurved. There is very considerable
difference in the palpal structure of the species from sharply erect to
obliquely ascending ; one species has the end member horizontal, the
second heavier, ascending.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings washed moi-e or less with reddish 2.
not washed, or with red spots only 4
2. Costa at middle broadly white; basal line not straight ;3.
■' lighter than rest of wing, hut not white ; basal line straight.
sciurella.
3. Color deep red; second line close to outer margin Stibsciurella.
" brown-red; second Hue distant from margin niontiiiatatella.
4 Fore wings gray or fuscous, with no red spots; costa concolnrous..oblifella.
" with red spots ; costa narrowly lighter , 5.
5. " brownish; two red spots on either side basal line; outer line in-
distinct ochriinaciilella.
" ocherish gray; one red spot at base, another beyond basal line at
middle; outer line distinct inelliiiella.
1. H. oblitella var. undnlatella Clem., Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phil. 1860,
p. 205 (Xephopteryx) ; Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 698, 1878; Packard,
Ins. injurious to Shade Trees, p. 69, 188.
propriella Walk., C. B. M. pt. 35, p. 1716, 1866 {Xephopteryx).
ohlitella Eag., Ento. Mou. Mag. ssii, 31, 1885 (Heterographis).
Expands 14 — 16 mm. Palpi whitish to fuscous, fuscous or black at tip; head
and thorax fuscous; abdomen gray to blackish. Fore wings dark to light gray,
washed with fuscous and dusted more or less with blackish, sometimes without
188 GEO. r>. HULST.
red spot within basal line, rarely washed with reddish ; lines distinct, brokenly
shaded dentate, the basal oblique, the outer parallel with outer margin and near
it. Hind wings dark fuscous.
Canada, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Vir-
ginia, Texas, Colorado, Utah, California. From Texas I hove re-
ceived it in August and Septenjber.
Mr. Ragonot makes this a synonym of obUtella Zell. It seems
sufficiently distinct, however, to be called a variety of that species.
Clemens says : " Early in October I found the puppe of this insect
at Niagara Falls, on the Canada side, under shelter of loosened ]3or-
tions of the bark of the American Elm. They were enclosed in a
cocoon of silk mixed with particles of bark. On the same tree I
took a number of larvie which were descending the tree to undergo
pupation. Head as broad as the body and dark green. Body dark
green, between the segments yellowish, and dotted with yellow ; first
rings with two black dots on the sides."
2. H. melliiiella Grt., U. S. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 702, 1878; N.
A. Ento. i, 11, pi. ii, fig. 11, 1879. — Expands 15 — 19 mm. Fore wings blackish
fuscous with a pale undefined costal shading; interior line white ; a yellow shade
spot beyond the line on internal margin ; two separate, very small dark discal
dots ; exterior line near the margin, even, narrow and indistinct white ; base of
the wing yellowish ; anterior line not continued to costa ; hind wings very pale
fuscous, silky, with concolorous fringes; head and thorax faded ochreous.
Texas.
The above is Mr. Grote's description. Mr. Ragonot, who had
seen Mr. Grote's type in the British Museum, sent me under this
name an insect which does not accord with Mr. Grote's description.
Indeed, the description of Mr. Grote accords exactly with what Mr.
Ragonot has sent me as oehrimacxdella Rag. The insect sent as mellin-
ella Grt. has erect, long palpi, ochreous wings, stained and peppered
with blackish ; lines whitish, the inner indistinct, except near inner
margin, edged on inner margin with a spot of reddish, this edged basally
with black ; outer line distinct, twice dentate, with orange ochreous
outer band ; there is also more or less of ochreous orange along inner
maroin. I think ochrimaciilella must be a synonym o? melUneUa, and
that the lighter species must be unnamed, l)ut till furthei' evidence
in that direction I must rest upon Mr. Ragonot's determination of
my specimens; his ochrimaculella has the palpi much less erect, the
end member nearly horizontal, the second thickly scaled. This ac-
cords also better with Mr. Grote's description, and his idea of what
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 189
" porrect" meant. His description says: "labial palpi not very
long, porrect, thickly scaled." By "porrect" be .says afterward lie
did not mean horizontal, but at least ascending (Can. Ent. xiv, 30,
1882).
3. H. ochrim^ciilella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 12, 1887.— Expands 18—
24 miu. Fore wings brownish gray, somewhat dusted with white, especially
towards the costa, and evenly dusted with black ; the base dull ochreous. First
line whitish, slightly oblique, followed by a distinct ochreous patch ; second line
hardly discernible. Discil spots distinct, followed by a whitish cloud ; costa
arched be.yond the middle; hind wings unicolorous, dirty gray.
Texas, New Mexico, California.. Specimens from New Mexico
were taken in August and September.
4. H. scinrella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 12, 1887. — Expands 32 mm.
Fore wings of a paler red than canicostella (montiwdella), with similar markings,
but not so distinctly white on costa; the first line is straight on inner margin,
distinctly preceded by a black cloud, and is not continued on costa; second line
very close to hind margin, oblique, hardly sinuous. Marginal spots distinct.
California.
5. H. subseiurella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 12, 1887 (TfoHom).— Ex-
pands 22 mm. Fore wings dark red, but very strongly dusted with black on and
about the veins, leaving very little of the ground color, except at base; costa
white, like in canicostella, but dusted with blackish on the veins ; first line white,
curved inwards, not attaining costa; second line oblique, straight, dentate, white,
very close to outer margin. Discal spots distinct, less so than the marginal dots.
Colorado.
C. H. inoiitiiiatatella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 134, October, 1887; Ento.
Am. v. 156, 1889.
canicostella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 12, December, 1887.
Expands 24 — 28 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen fuscous, with a tinge of red-
dish OQ the patagise. Fore wings bright reddish gray, except a broad costal
stripe reaching from base nearly to apex, which is white with scattered reddish
scales. Very faint indications of basal and outer gray cross lines by a lightening
of the red color on the lines, and a deepening of it on either side. Margin and
fringe grayish fuscous. Hind wings fuscous, with black marginal line. Beneath
dark fuscous, with a reddish tinge on fore wings ; fuscous on hind wings.
California, Nevada.
The following is Mr. Ragonot's description :
" Fore wings dark brownish red, slightly rosy, sometimes washed with black-
ish before the first line, dusted with gray on hind margin, a white streak on
costa to second line, expanding to median vein, very obliquely crossed by the
first line, which afterwards is white, perpendicular, but sinuous and dentate:
second line far removed from hind margin, white and sinuous. Discal spots in a
white streak, marginal spots invisible."
I have seen a specimen from Mr. Ragonot which agrees with my
type.
190 GEO. D. HULST.
DOLICHORRHINA Eag.
(Type aureofasciella Rag.)
Nouv. Geu. Esp. Phyr.. p. 28, 1888.
macrorrhinia Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 13, 1887.
Labial ]^alpi porrect, very long, arched above, as long as the head
and thorax together; maxillary palpi distinct, small; tongue strong,
long; ocelli distinct; antennpe pubescent, bent above base, a .strong
tuft of scales in bend ; basal member bent, the tuft seeming to rise
from its summit. Fore wings long, narrow, angles rounded. Geni-
talia % : uncus broad at base, spine short ; harpie broad, with in-
curved hairs and no spines ; lower plate short, conical, nearly trun-
cate on end with stiff hairs, but without spines. Legs slender, tarsi
spinose, spurs long and slender. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4
and 5 stemmed, 10 separate ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle, 8 aud
4 long stemmed.
1. D. anreofasciella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 13, 1887 (MacrorrMnia).
— Expaud.s 14 — 20 mm. Fore wings pale gray, with a slightly brownish tiuge;
tirst Hue broad, slightly oblique, oratige colored, preceded by a perpendicular
black line; second line pale gray, indistinctly dark margined, indented on the
folds, produced in the middle. Discal and marginal dots distinct. Hind wings
semi-transparent.
Texas, Arizona ; Sonora, Mex. Taken in April, May, June, July,
August and October. Varies considerably in depth of ground color,
and in the orange band, which is sometimes absent.
DIVIANA Eag.
(Type eudoreella Eag.)
Nouv. Gen. Esp. Phyc. p. 27, 1888.
Labial ])alpi recurved, slender, the second member tufted in front ;
maxillary palpi filiform; tongue long; antennfe of % hardly bent
above base, with teeth in the bend. Fore wings subtriangular. Vena-
tion : fore wings 10 veins, 3 and 4 from angle of cell, 5 wanting ;
hind wings 7 veins, 2 near the angle, 3 and 4 stemmed, 5 wanting.
1. D. eudoreella Eag., Nouv. Gen. Esp. Phyc. p. 27, 1888.— Expands 17—
19 mm. Fore wings blackish brown, the median field gray cinereous ; the lines
very indistinct upon costa, approaching on inner margin. First line straight,
light gray, posteriorly shaded by a blackish line, which is dilated into a triangu-
lar spot upon the costa; second line oblique, angulated upon the fold aud at the
middle. Discal spots distinct. Hind wings brownish.
" North America."'
I have one specimen only, and unfortunately that has no locality
label, and lacks the head, so I am unable to tell whether the ocelli
are present or wanting.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 191
H09ICE:0S0]U4 Curt.
(Type sinudla Fab.)
Steph., Brit. Ent. iv, p. .311, 1834; Zeller, Isis 1848, p. 585, 599; Hor. Ento. Soc*
Eoss. (C'hil. Cr. Phyc.) xvi, 237; Herrich-Schaeffer, Sys. Bear. Iv. 103. 1849; vou
Heiuemaun, Pyr. 196, 1865; Grote, Bull. U. S. Surv. Terr, iv, 703, 1878, N. A.
Ento. i, 12, 1879; Meyrick, Proc. Liuu. Soc. N. S. W. iii, 214, 1878, vii, 159, 1882;
Eafjouot, Ento. Mou. Mag. xxii, 26, 1885; Westwood, Class, ii, 113; Stephens.
Brit. Ento. Haust. iv, p. 311, 1834; Westwood and Humphrey, Brit. Moths i, 233.
1839.
Phyciden Zell., Isis 1839, p. 178.
Labial palpi ascending, rather weak, quite long, filiform, end mem-
ber about one-half middle member ; maxillary palpi distinct, filiform ;
tongue strong ; ocelli distinct ; antennae of % simple, the member
above the base having an excision or notch. Genitalia of % : uncus
light, after the normal pattern ; harpe broad, subtriangular, long
haired ; lower plate broad, short conical, with bristles on the outer
edge. Venation : fore wings 10 veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 8 wanting ;
hind wings 7 veins, 2 quite distant from angle, 3 and 4 widely sepa-
rate, 8 very short stemmed with 7.
This genus is known by the excision on the second member of the
Z antennae. In some of our species it is not very distinct, and the
tendency is evident in some species of other genera. But while thus
not sharply marked it is so peculiar that it affords a good generic
characteristic.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings pure white 2.
not white 3.
2. " broad, apex sharp, insect quite large iiiiprei^salis.
narrow, apex rounded, insect quite small illuviella.
3. ■■ lines indistinct or obsolete; shadow lines wanting 4.
lines distinct with shadow lines 6.
4. " with white costal stripe siJbei^ceiitella.
without distinct costal stripe 5.
5. Fuscous gray electella.
Ochreous gray or white opalescella.
6. Outer line angulate, within reaching to discal sj)ots Stypticellu.
nearly straight 7.
7. Basal shadow line a broad band 8.
narrow niiieidolla.
«. Black baud even iineanalis.
" with a long angle at middle aiiguliferclla.
1. H. impressalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 163, 1886. — Expands
25—30 mm. Palpi fuscous; head and thorax dirty white ; abdomen light fuscous-
white at tip. Fore wings white, a little peppered with black scales on anterior
192 GEO. D. HULST.
portion of basal and middle fields, washed slijjbtly with fuscous posteriorly, and
on outer space; a broad black band dividing the basal and middle fields, not
'reaching costa, and broken post-medially, thus forming two subquadrate black
spots; two black dots on outer median field, one anterior to the outer; a straight
clouded outer band pretty close to outer margin ; hind wings light pellucid fus-
cous, nearly white on anal half; beneath, pale fuscous, hind wings as above.
Colorado.
2. H. iiiicaiialis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 162, 1886 {Nephoptenjx).
— Expands 2.5 mm. Palpi, head and thorax cinereous ; the collar white, and
thorax white laterally. Abdomen cinereous anteriorly, annulated with white ;
dark fuscous posteriorly, annulated with light fuscous. Fore wings cinereous,
costa at base white, the first band broad, black, constricted at costa and inner
margin : two black spots well out on the middle field, one behind the other, the
posterior ante-median; outer line white, not reaching costa, nearly straight,
with dark shadings; outer space gray; marginal line white; hind wings fuscous
outwardly, becoming translucent white at base; fringe white, fuscous at base.
Colorado, Nevada.
3. H. anguliferella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887.— Expands 30 mm.
Fore wings dark brownish gray, first line white, broad, shaded by a very broad
>. shaped blackish band ; second line whitish, oblique, straight, inwardly shaded
with blackish. Discal .spots indistinct. Hind wings brownish white, veins
darker.
No locality given.
4. H. albescentella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 15, 1887.— Expands 30 mm.
Fore wings brownish gray, a broad white costal streak from base to second line,
broader in basal area, dusted with gray on the outer edge beyond the middle;
first line white, oblique, followed by a broad blackish band, which expands to-
wards inner margin; second line whitish, shaded internally with blackish, in-
dented on the discal fold, below. Discal spots distinct. Hind wings pale brownish
gray.
California.
5. H. ilIiivielIa*'Eag., Xouv. Gen. Esp. Phyc. p. 33, April, 1888; Hulst,
Ento. Am. v, 15."). 1889.
candidella Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 118, September, 1888.
Expands 18 — 22 mm. Fore wings elongate, narrow, rounded on costa, white,
powdered with blackish scales at intervals. First Hue bent, formed of three
black points; the second very indistinct, oblique, blackish. Discal points ob-
lique, the upper nearer the base, the lower large, clear brownish ; fringes white.
Arizona, Mexico.
6. H. opalescella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 138, October, 1887 (Ephestia,).
tenuipunctella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 15, December, 1887.
Expands 14 — 18 mm. Palpi, thorax and fore wings dull even ocher white, the
head parts faintly washed with fuscous. A faint extra basal fuscous point on
fore wing at center, showing probably the location of an obsolete cross line. A
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 193
faint discal point of same color. Extreme outer edge a little fuscous, with fringe
composed of intermixed white and dark scales. Hind wings light ocher, with
fuscous tinge, stained darker along margin. Beneath light ocher, with outer
margins slightly stained.
Texas, California.
7. H. electella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 1.37, October, 1887 {AnerasUn).
texanella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 15, December, 1887 {Homceosow.a).
Expands 15 — 24 mm. Palpi fuscous, dark fuscous at tip. Thorax dark fus-
cous. Abdomen ringed with dark and light fuscous on each segment. Fort-
wings light fuscous, dusted with fuscous scales. A narrow costal stripe of giound
color, without the intermingling fuscous, extending from base nearly to apex.
A faint diffuse outer line, oblique, and in good specimens dentate. Hind wings
light fuscous pellucid. Beneath fore wings fuscous, hind wings lighter.
Iowa, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico. Taken in March, April,
Maj', June, August and Sei)teniber.
8. H. mncidella Bag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 15, 1887.— Expands 18—20 mm.
Fore wings ash gray, speckled with black, inner margin washed with reddish
gray, costa paler. First line thick, oblique on costa, formed of two black coales-
cing spots; a third spot on dorsal vein, opposite the first costal spot, preceded by
a white spot; second line whitish, shaded internally with blackish, oblique,
straight. Discal spots distinct; hind wings whitish ; veins fuscous.
Texas, California, New Mexico. Taken in New Mexico in August
and September.
9. H. Stypticella Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr, iv, 703, 1878; N. A.
Ento. i, 12, pi. ii, 13, 1879. — Dusty whitish gray ; wings narrow; a diffuse black-
ish anterior line ; discal spot formed of two blackish, superposed or coalesced
spots near the outer line, which is even, oblique, bordered on either side by a
blackish shade, the outer of which is sometimes wanting and indicated by a
costal mark. Hind wings smoky pellucid, with paler fringes. Beneath smoky,
immaculate ; average expanse 19 mm.
New York, Texas, Maine.
MOODNA* n. gen.
(Type pelviculella Hulst)
Labial palpi erect; maxillary palpi small; tongue strong, long ;
antennae ciliate pubescent, bent above base, bend distinct, flattened ;
ocelli present ; fore wings short, stout, rather broad, a scale fold below
on costa near base, concealing a tuft of yellow hairs. Fore wings
10 veins, 4 and 5 stemmed, 8 wanting, 10 separate ; hind w'ings 6
veins, 3 and 4 short stemmed, 5 and 8 wanting. Very close to Man-
hatta (Ho7Viigia) and Ephestia.
* An ancient tribe of Indians in New York, near Newburgh.)
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (25) JUNE, 1890.
194 GEO. D. HULST.
1. M. pelviculella n. sp. — Expands 14 mm. Labial jtalpi dark fiiscoiis
black on end; head and antennse dark fuscous. Thorax blackish, washed with
deep violet-red. Abdomen more ochreous, with reddish dorsally. Fore wings
dark fuscous blackish, heavily washed with violet-red on basal field, and less
heavily on outer field; basal line broad, quite distinct, even; ouler line indis-
tinct near margin, and subparallel with it; discal spots evident. Hind wings
fuscous, darker on veins and margin.
Newburgh, N. Y., July 6tli. Taken with some cocoons of Acro-
basis befu/eUa Hulst, from White Birch trees. The cocoon must have
resembled that of J., beialella, as I could perceive no difference in the
cocoons, and this insect must have emerged from one. The food-
plant must, from the place of finding, be White Birch {Betula alba).
EPHEKTIODES Rag.
(Type gilvesceritella Rag.)
Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc.p. 16, 1887.
Labial palpi very slightly ascending, filiform, exceeding head, end
member longer than middle; maxillary palpi filiform ; tongue long,
strong; front with heavy scale tuft; antennae simple, scarcely bent
above base, ocelli wanting; fore wings slightly arched, angles rounded;
hind wings narrow, anal angle nearly lost, outer and anal margin
waved, cilia on anal margin very long; fore wings in Z with tuft of
scales below on costa. Legs slender, closely scaled; tarsi spinulated;
spurs large, heavy. Genitalia unknown. Venation : fore wings 10
veins, 9 wanting, 4 and 5 stemmed on a line with median vein ; hind
wings 7 veins, 2 at angle, 8 and 4 long sten)med, 5 wanting, 8 very
small.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings gray gilveseeiitella.
" dark red 2.
2. " basal line straight iiifiniella.
" " rounded outwardly erytlirella.
1. E. gilvesceiitella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887.— Expands 12—16
mm. Palpi gray, heavily sprinkled with black. Front dark fuscous; antennae
fuscous. Thorax fuscous; abdomen gray, interlined with fuscous Legs dark
gray, powdered with black. Fore wings pale gray, median area dark gray. Hues
whitish, sinuous, black margined in median area. Discal spots distinct. Hind
wings transparent, with a bluish tinge.
Arizona, California.
2. E. iufiniella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887. — Expands 9-11 mm.
Palpi more ascending than type, dark brownish fuscous; front and auteunse dark
fuscous; thorax dark reddish ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wings narrow, dark gray.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTEKA. 195
duste<] with black, with a dark red tinge; median area darker; lines indistinct,
grayish, the first nearly perpendicular, the second oblique, sinuous. Discal spots
indistinct. Hind wings pale fuscous.
North Carolina.
3. E. erythrella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887.— Expands 16 mm.
Head dark reddish fuscous ; antennse dark fuscous ; thorax reddish : fore wings
rather dilated posteriorly, dark vinous red, dusted with black on costa and veins,
and with gray in basal area; lines very indistinct, gray, oblique; the first
rounded externally, the second slightly sinuous. Discal dots invisible. Hind
wings fuscous.
California.
EIJRVTHMIA Rag.
(Type hospitella Zell.)
Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887.
Labial palpi erect, equaling head, end member not as long as
middle; maxillary palpi filiform ; tongue long, strong; antennse sim-
ple, members above base slightly toothed, ocelli very minute; front
with scale tuft. Fore wings rather narrow, angles rounded, costa
arched, a small tuft of scales beneath. Hind wings narrow, anal
angle rounded, outer and anal margin waved, fringes very long.
Legs slender, long; tarsi spinulated, heavily so on hind legs; fore
tibia = upper tarsus, hind tibia twice upper tarsus. Genitalia of % :
uncus bifid at end with two short spines, trunk rather long, bifid at
base; from the base reaches out a long straight spine, a little curved
in and pointed at end; harpe plain, haired; lower plate broad, trun-
cate, conical, somewhat shape of a broad-necked bottle, heavily
armed with bristles ; within, reaching back to beginning of last
segment, a chitinous cylindro-conical tube armed within with over-
lying larainse or plates, joined in with tube on one side, oak-leaf
in shape, with three to seven teeth or spines on end and outer side.
These overlying each other begin below at base of tube and extend
out in a spiral, making two complete circles in their coui'se. They
are about twenty-six to twenty-eight in number. These laminae
themselves seem to be composed of interfitting plates one to each
tooth, somewhat (though more elongate) as the scales of a lily
bulb fit in each other. Venation : fore wings 9 veins, 2 at angle, 3
and 4 stemmed one-half length, 5 wanting, 8 wanting; hind wings
2 at angle, 3 and 4 stemmed three-fifths length, 6 separate, 8 very
short.
196 GEO. D. HULST.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings color gray Iiospitella.
" " reddish orange along inner margin ig;iii<lorsellst.
1. E. hospitella/'Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1872, p. 338 (Beit, iii,
p. 132), (Ephestia).
quantuleUa Hulst. Ento. Am. iii, 134, 1887 (Pempelia).
Expands 8—12 mm. Palpi dark fuscous. Head and thorax fuscous gray. Ab-
domen fuscous. Fore wings narrow, rounded and oblique on outer margin, steel-
gray in color. Two cross lines white, the finst nearly at the middle, broad dif-
fuse, obsolete at both costa and inner margin, slightly lined outwardly with
black; outer line close to margin, three times dentate. Hind wings fuscous.
Beneath dark fuscous, the costal region of the fore wings very dark.
Central Texas. I have received specimens taken in April, May,
July, August, September and October, so it is very probably two-
brooded. There is considerable variation in color in the specimens
from light to dark gray, the middle field being generally the darkest.
2. E. igiiidorsella'' Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887.— Expands 12-14
mm. Fore wings narrow, blackish gray, the inner margin broadly suffused with
blackish. First line undefined, second line oblique, pale, indistinct, black mar-
gined internally. Hind wings semi-transparent, veins pale fuscous.
Arizona, Mexico.
MAIVHATTA® Hulst, n. gen.
(Type hiviella Zell.)
Hornigia, Rag. Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 16. 1887.
Labial palpi erect, light, the end member nearly equaling middle;
maxillary palpi small; tongue long, strong; front slightly rounded;
ocelli wanting ; antenme simple, or scarcely bent above base in S .
Fore wings rather broad, apex not much rounded, a tuft of scales
below on costa, costa arched ; hind wings with strongly oblique outer
margin ; legs rather heavy, closely scaled, tarsi spinulated ; fore tibia
longer than upper tarsus, hind tibia about three times upper tarsus.
Genitalia % : uncus not divided at base, end rather spatulate with
projecting spine below, not at end; harpse large, broad, with fold
near middle with long inturned hairs; lower plate broadly conical,
truncate with indentation at middle of end, with spinous hairs on
outer edges ; last segment of abdomen beneath with four hair tufts.
Venation : fore wings 10 veins, 3 separate, 4 and 5 stemmed half
length, 8 wanting, 10 separate ; hind wings 6 veins, 2 distant fnmi
angle, 3 and 4 very short stemmed or from a point, 5 and 8 wanting,
6 separate.
« An ancient tribe of Indians living on Manhattan Island, where New York is
uow situated.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 197
As already said, by the laws of modern Zoology " once a synonym,
always a synonym," and so the term Hornigia being a synonym of
Lamoria Walk, cannot be used for any other genus in Zoology. I
therefore propose Manhatta in its stead.
Synopsis of Species.
Outer line obtusely anglerl at middle obtiisaiig^ulella.
sinuous dentate liigiibrella.
1. M. obtusaugiilella'^Eag., Diag. JSf. A. Phyc. p. 16, 1887 (Hornigia). —
Expands 13 — 18 mm. Fore wings dark vinous red, median area suffused with
black ; lines whitish, the first nearly perpendicular, second line oblique, obtusely
angled in the middle. Discal spots coalescing, followed by a pale grayish cloud.
Hind wings semi-transparent, bluish, veins and edge fuscous.
Texas.
/
2. M. lugubrella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 17, 1887 (Horjiigia).— Expands
16 — 18 mm. Fore wings gray, with a reddish tinge, dusted with blackish, espe-
cially in the median area. Lines whitish, first perpendicular, outwardly shaded
with blackish; second Hue oblique, sinuous dentate, indistinct. Discal spots
coalescing. Hind wings pale yellowish gray.
California.
U1VADIL,I.A« n. gen.
(Type nasutella Hnlst)
Labial palpi weakly ascending, short, scarcely reaching summit ;
tongue strong ; maxillary pal})i very small ; ocelli present ; antennse
simple, pubescent. Venation: fore wings 9 veins, 5 and 8 wanting,
2 at angle, 3 and 4 separate, 10 separate ; hind wings 7 veins; 2 dis-
tant from angle, 3 and 4 separate, 5 wanting, 8 distinct; cell very
short.
1. U. nasutella'^n. sp. — Labial palpi nearly white, anunlated at base of
segments with blackish; head whitish; thorax and abdomen bluish gray; fore
wings slightly arched on costa, narrow, apex distinct. (Jolor a light gray washed
with fuscous, vvith some sprinkling of dark scales, except along costa, thus leav-
ing a nearly white costal stripe lost before apex; also somewhat lighter than
ground color along inner margin ; lines faint, the first scarcely suggested by a
darkening of color, the outer even, parallel with outer margin, and near it, very
faint. Discal spots faint fuscous. Hind wings whitish gray.
Hot Springs, N. Mex. Taken in September.
EPHUSTIA Guen.
(Type elutella Hiib.)
Ann. Soc. Ento. France, 1845, p. 319 (Index Meth. p. 81) ; Zeller, Isis, 1848, p_
.585, 592; Herrich-Schaeffer, Sys. Bear, iv, 110, 1849; von Heinemann, Pyr. 201,
1865; Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, iii, 215, 1878; iv, 234, 1879; vii,
160, 1882.
* An Indian tribe of the Northwest.
198 GEO. D. HULST.
Labial palpi erect, recurved, rather short, filiform: maxillary
j)alpi distinct, somewhat scale tufted on end ; tongue rather strong ;
ocelli present; antennae simple, pubescent; fore wings rather long,
narrow, with costal fold beneath. Hind wings tufted above near
base. Genitalia of % : uncus bifid at end, spine rather spreading,
a spine at base on each side ; harpe simple, long haired ; lower plate
short and broad, conical truncate, with turned in bristles. Venation:
9 veins, 5 and 8 wanting, 3 and 4 separate, 10 separate ; hind wings
H veins, 5 and 8 wanting, 2 quite far from angle, 3 and 4 stemmed.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings cream-white rileyella.
otherwise 2.
2. Basal line followed hy a broad black band fliscofasciella.
no broad black band 3
3. Color blackish iiigrella u. sp.
" gray.
4. Costal fold without tnft beneath kuehiiiella.
" with tuft elutella.
1. E. rileyella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 17, 1887.— Expands 20—22 min.
Fore wings cream-white, very sparingly sprinkled with black scales. Lines
black, interrupted, distinct; first line per])endicular, formed of two black spots
on donsal and median veins; second line oblique, formed of numerous black dots
on the veins. Hind margin spotted with black, the lower discal dot distinct.
Hind wings bluish white.
Utah, Mexico. Larva lives in fruit of Yucca baccafa.
2. E. fuscofasciella'Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 17, 1887.— Expands 26 mm.
Fore wings narrow at base, dilated and rounded on costa, posteriorly gray duster!
with black, especially on the veins, basal area paler; first line indistinct, slightly
elbowed at the middle, shaded externally by a broad blackish band ; second line
sinuous, indented on discal fold, pale gray, edged with blackish internally. An
irregular black lunulc on disc. Hind wings pale brownish yellow, the veins
fuscous.
Missouri, Texas.
3. E. kuehiiiella" Zell., Stett. Ento. Zeit. 1879, p. 476; Snellen, Tids. Ento.
xxviii, 237, 1885, pi. viii ; Thompson, Entomolosiist, xx, 66, 1887; Barrett, Ento.
Mon. Mag. xxiii. 255, 1887; Riley, Insect Life, i, 315, 1888.- Expands 24-26 mm.
Labial palpi blackish gray ; head and thorax somewhat lighter; abdomen the
same color, with an ocher shade; fore wings even gray, overlaid rather unevenly
with blackish .scales generally, a little more pronounced on the veins, giving a
striated appearance; lines not very distinct, the basal faint, dentate, edged out-
wardly and faintly with black ; the outer gary, with a large inward angle below
costa, then finely dentate; marginal spots black. Hind wings light pellucid
fuscous.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOl'TERA. 199
North Carolina, New Mexico, Colorado, Canada. Also common
in Europe. The New Mexico specimens were taken in August and
September.
Zeller describing this insect speaks of it as an importation from
America, though unable to give ])roof of the statement. Mr. Rag.
onot catalogues it as an American insect, having it from North
Carolina. In "Insect Life," April, 1889, vol. i, p. 315, Riley, how-
ever, says : " I think it can be safely said this s[)ecies {E. kxiehniella Z. )
does not occur in the United States."
Whether the species originated in An)erica I am unable to say.
I have specimens of this insect from Colorado and New Mexico,
which I believe ai'e indigenous. Tlrey agree entirely with specimens
from Europe and from Canada, where the insect began depredations
last year. Mr. Ragonot describes E. fuscofasciella from specimens
from Texas and Missouri. I have specimens from New Mexico,
which connect the two, so fuscojmciella may be a variety only.
I have just received, by the kindness of Prof. Fernald, a bulletin
on " The Flour Moth," issued by the Provincial Board of Health
of Ontario, dated Oct. 19, 1889. In this, information is given of
the appearance of Ephestla kuehniella in a flour-mill of Ontario. It
has multiplied with very great rapidity, and threatens to become a
very great pest. I do not know that it has given trouble in Cali-
fornia, if indeed it exists there. It has, however, developed very
rapidly in Europe, becoming a very great evil. The " Ontario Bul-
letin" speaks of it as having been probably introduced from Europe,
though there is no reason why it should not have come from the
Pacific coast.
Miss Omerod, of England, quoted in the " Ontario Bulletin," says
the caterpillars are about five-eighths of an inch in length, pale red
to white in color; the head is yellowish brown, darker in front;
mandibles dark brown; thoracic shield dark brown, with a faint
pale central line dividing it on dorsum, and a small brown spot on
each side of it on the same segment ; a subdorsal and a lateral row
of piliferous spots on each side, one spot on each segment in each
line. Anal shield oval-triangular, brownish. The caterpillar is
covered with a few widely scattered hairs. It lives in flour and meal,
making a silken gallery, in which it lives, webbing togetlter masses
of the flour. It pupates in a cocoon in this gallery, and emerges as
a moth in aliout three weeks. It nuiy be found ahnost any time
200 GEO. D. HULST.
(luring the summer in the imago state, and is probably several
brooded ; indeed, in the warmth of a mill or house, its development
may be continuous during the year.
4. E. iiigrella'n. sp. — Expands 16 mm. Palpi, head, an ten use and thorax
blackish fuscous, the thorax with a slight violet shade ; abdomen more grayish
fuscous. Fore wings gray, overlaid more or less with blackish ; first line light
gray, broad, straight; outer line close to margin, distinct, sharply and somewhat
irregularly dentate; basal field much powdered and spotted with blackish ; mid-
dle field nearly solid black, except au indefinite band of less deep color including
the distinct discal spots; outer field heavily marked, not blackish; below, the
costal fold encloses a tuft of yellowish hairs. Hind wings dark to pellucid fus-
cous, more heavily marked on veins and margin ; there is but one tuft of hairs
above so far as I can determine.
Central Texas ; July and August.
5. E. elutella Hiib., Samm. pi. 24, 163 (Tinea); Zinck., Germ. Mag. iii, 17.5,
1818 (Phyeh); Treit., ix, 1, 194, 1832; Wood, fig. 1454, 1839; West, and Hum.
Moths, p. 229. pi. 115, fig. 7; Dup., x. 279, 8; Steph., 111. Brit. Ins. iv, p. 304, 1834
(Phycita); Zeller. Isis 1848, p. 592; Herrich-Schaeffer, Sys. Bear, iv, p. 110; von
Heiueraann, Pyr. p. 201 ; Morris, Brit. Moths, iii, pi. 79, fig. 18. 1872; Meyrick,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii, 215, 1878; Trans. Euto. Soc. London, 1887, p. 261 ;
Zeller, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1876, p. 338 (Beit, iii, 132) ; Verb. Zool.-Bot.
Ges., Wien, 1874 (Lep. West. Am. p. 8); Moeschler, Stet. Ento. Zeit. 1880, 393;
Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1884, p. 310 ; Fisch., v, Roesl. in Sepp. 2d. S. i, p. 138,
pi. 31, figs. 1-8; Wall., Pyr. p. 1053; Bonw.st. iii, p. 204, N. 53; Snellen, Vlin.
Xeth. i, p. 162 ; De Geer, Ins. i, 16, p. 84 ; Reum., iii, 1, p. 352, pi. 19, figs. 19-21 ;
Lienig, Isis 1846, p. 266; Frei, Lep. Sch. p. 279, 1880; Biittner, Stet. Ento. Zeit.
1880, p. 393 ; Christoph, Horte Ento. Soc. Ross, xii, 224, 1876.
ahlutalis Hiib.
elutea Haw.. Lep. Brit. 496, 1828.
rufa Haw., Lep. Brit. 497, 1828; Wood. Index 1454, 1839.
angusta Haw., Lep. Brit. 497, 1828.
Labial palpi blackish gray; thorax fuscous gray; abdomen more ochreous:
fore wings gray, powdered with blackish, and washed with fuscous along poste-
rior half; first line black, often indistinct, dentate; outer line not far from mar-
gin, more distinct, with a tooth inwardly below costa, then finely waved, dentate ;
discal spots present. Hind wings with two tufts above, light fuscous, deeper on
veins and margin.
Found in all parts of the world, living in old fences and decay-
ing wood and rubbish, according to European authorities.
PEODIA Guen.
(Type interpunctella Hiib.)
Ann. Soc. Ento. France, 1845, p. 322 (Index Meth. p. 80) ; von Heinemann, Pyr.
p. 202, I860; Ragonot, Ento. Mon. Mag. xxii, 25, 1885.
Labial palpi ascending, rather heavy, second member triangular,
heavy, end member lighter, pointed; maxillary palpi small; tongue
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 201
about four times head, rather weak; ocelli wanting. Genitalia of
% : uncus a short spine, immediately bifid below, broad, rounded ;
harpe broad, extended, long haired ; lower plate broadly conical,
curved up on sides, armed with bristles on outer edge. Venation:
fore wings 9 veins, 5 and 8 wanting, 3 and 4 separate, 10 separate;
hind wings 6 veins, 5 and 8 wanting, 2 quite far from angle, 3 and
4 stemmed.
1. P. interpunctella Hiib., Samm. 310: Treits. Schm. Eu. ix, 1, 196;
Dup, X, 280, 5; Suppl. iv, p. 121, pi. 60, 6; Zell., Isis 1848, p. 598; Herr.-Sch.
Sys. Bear, iv, p. 110; Stain. Man. ii, 169, 1859; von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 202,
1865; Moeschler, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1884, 310; Rag., Ento. Mon. Mag.
xxii, 25, 1885; Zeller, Verb. Zool -Bot. Ges., Wien, 1875, p. 3.36 (Beit, iii, 130) ;
Heylaerts in Sepp. 2d S. iii, p. 239, pi. 43, figs. 1-14; Bonwsl. iii, p. 204, X. 54 ;
Snellen, Vlin. Netb. Micro, i, 163; Frei, Lep. Scb. p. 279, 1880.
'zex Fitch, Nox. Ins. N. Y. 1868, 320, pi. iv, fig. 1 ; Clem., Proc Ac. N. Sci.
Phil. 1860, p. 20^.
Roxburghii Gregson, Ento. 1873, N. 114, p. 318.
Labial palpi and bead reddish fuscous; thorax dark fuscous, with a reddish
shading; abdomen ocbreous; fore wings yellow ochreous with a few scattered
black scales, to basal line ; this line is well out from the base, black, broad, with
uneven edges, but with generally even, rounded course from costa to inner mar-
gin ; narrowly edged with ocbreous outwardly, then wing reddish brown to outer
margin ; middle field costally heavily sprinkled with blackish, which is broken
by the somewhat large, oval, yellow ocher discal spot ; outer line black, mixed
with gray scalfes, not very distinct, parallel with, and near the outer margin.
Hind wings shining, light fuscous.
Fitch says of the larva : " They form cylindrical burrows through
the substance on which they feed, lining the sides of the passages
with silk ; they grow to be about one-half an inch in length, and are
of a cylindrical form, slightly broadest in the middle. They are
dull white, the sutures between the segments slightly marked, and
not con.stricted. Their heads are hard, hornlike, shining yellow.
Thoracic shield is also shining, yellowish white, as is also the anal
shield. The surface shows a few scattering hairs, which, on the sides,
arise from very faint, smooth, wartlike dots.
" The pupa is pale yellow, or yellowish white, its sutures marked
by fine, slender, chestnut-brown lines, and the eyes prominent, rather
large and black. It lies in a slight cocoon formed of snow-white
silken threads, through which the pupa is visible."
The larva live upon meal, flour, and especially upon preserved
fruits and jellies of all kinds. It is found everywhere, and may be
found almost any time during the Summer.
TEANS. .iM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (26) JUNE, 1890.
202 GEO. D. HULST.
Prof. Forbes writes me he has taken the insect at Urbana, Ohio,
at " sugar." Also in Illinois has taken the larvae in corn, cornmeal,
oatraeal, and, strangest of all, found them destroying Lepidoptera
in papers. The moths emerged, or were taken from March 11th to
September 23d.
BAXDERA Eag.
(Type binotella Zell.)
Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887-
Labial palpi porrect, somewhat arched in middle, and drooping at
end ; maxillary palpi distinct, filiform ; tongue distinct, rolled, but
short, twice the head ; ocelli present ; antennae crenulate pubescent,
somewhat bent above base, with a tendency to a roughness of scales
in bend ; legs slender, long, tarsi hardly spinulated. Genitalia of
% (cupidinella) : uncus long, neck bent, swan-like, bifid at base ;
harpe long, rather broad winged, exactly like the wing of a mai)le
seed; lower plate conical, rounded, edged with hairs on the outer
edge. Venation : fore wings 9 veins, 3 and 4 separate, or from a
point, 5 and 8 wanting, 10 separate ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 distant
from angle, 3 and 4 long stemmed, 5 wanting, 8 very short.
This genus presents a decidedly Cramt)id-like appearance. The
j)alpi and maxillary palpi are exactly the same, except that the max-
illary palpi do not have the spreading scale tuft. The structure of
the genitalia is also rather abnormal, thus separating it from what
seems superficially to be its congeners.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wiugseven whitish ochreous; veins hardly darker siibluteella.
ocher gray, with two black spots near anal angle biiiotclla.
veins white, dusted with black on edges cupidinella.
1. B. binotella Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1872, 554 (Beit, i, 108),
(Anerastia); Rag., Diag. X. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887.— Expands 10—14 mm. Labial
palpi, head and thorax ochreous, tinged with fuscous; fore wings ocher yellow,
tinged with fuscous and gray, especially near middle of wing, not reaching costa,
thus forming a broad costal stripe of ocher yellow and by their absence on me-
dian vein and vein 1 forming stripes, neither very distinct; generally with two
black spots on vein 1 towards inner angle. Hind wings shining, ocher yellow,
pellucid.
Texas. My examples were taken early in May ; Zeller's type was
taken by Belfrage July 12th.
2. B. subluteella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19. 1887.— Expands 16 mm.
Fore wings whitish ochreous, with some very fine blackish scales dusted on and
about the veins, visible only with a lens. Hind wings yellowish white.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 203
California, New Mexico. A sj)ecimen from New Mexico taken in
August.
3. B. cupidinella Hulst, Euto. Am. iv, 118, 1888.— Expands 18 mm. Palpi
dark gray; head fuscous; thorax ocher fuscous; abdomen ocher; fore wings,
ground color buff ocher, with three white stripes, the first subcostal from base to
apex, the second starting from first about one-fifth out from base and i-eaching
to middle of outer margin, the third on vein 1; all these are edged with scat-
tered black scales, and all became diffuse and intermediate outwardly so that the
ocher, white, and the black scales are quite mixed in submarginal space. Hind
wings fuscous pellucid.
Colorado, New Mexico.
TAMPA Rag.
(Type dimediatelln Rag.)
Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887.
Labial palpi ascending, somewhat recurved, thick set with scales ;
maxillary palpi distinct, scale tufted ; tongue very short ; ocelli pres-
ent; antennje spinous pubescent, slightly bent above base; legs long
and slender ; foi'e wings rounded. Genitalia of % : exactly as in
Bandera. Venation : fore wings 9 veins, 5 and 8 wanting, 2 near
angle, 3 and 4 separate, 10 stemmed with 9 ; hind wings 7 veins, 2
distant from angle, 8 and 4 long stemmed, 5 wanting, 8 short, stemmed
with 7.
A genus which seems to be very close to Bandera, differing it seems
only in the palpal construction, which is, however, very distinct.
1. T. <lini«diatella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 20, 1887.— Expands 18 mm.
Fore wings with the costal half whitish yellow, very sparingly dusted with
brownish scales, the dorsal half reddish ochreous. The median vein and ner-
vures are slightly marked with blackish. Hind wings pale yellowish.
Florida, Texas.
PEORIIBTiE Hulst.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wings with 11 veins 2.
" 10 veins 9.
2. Hind wings with 8 veins RagOiiOtia.
" "7 veins .3.
3. Fore wings 4 and 5 stemmed 4.
" " separate 6.
4. Hind wings 2 at angle, 3 and 4 stemmed 5.
" 2 distant from angle; 3 and 4 separate IVIartia.
5. Antennje ciliate ; palpi heavy; wings triangular Maricopa.
" crenulate pubescent; palpi very long, slender; wings broad oval.
Yoliisia.
204 GEO. D. HULST.
6. Antennse of % simple or beut above base only 7.
" bent above base with fniTow of scales in bend Cayuga.
7. Palpi erect Atascosa.
" porrect S-
8. Hind wings 3 and 4 long stemmed Altoona.
separate Aurora.
9. " 7 veins 10.
" 6 veins 17.
10. Palpi erect, or ascending 11.
porrect, or drooping 15.
11. Antennfe simple, or bent above base only 12.
bent above base with tuft of scales in bend Welciva.
12. Ocelli wanting Hypsotropa.
present 13-
13. Fore wings 4 and 5 stemmed Kavasota.
" " separate 14.
14. Clypevis grooved ; antennte crenulate; fore wings oval broad, 10 separate.
Honiosassa.
Clypeus smooth ; antennte ciliate; fore wings triangular, narrow, 10 with 9.
Dauuoinora.
15. Clypeus with long tubercle Petaluiiia.
" with none 16.
16. Fore wings 5 present, 8 wanting Saluria.
" 5 wanting, 8 present Peoria.
17. Antennae simple IS.
beut above base with scale tuft in l)end Statina.
IS. Clypeus with long tubercle Cocuocliroa.
" with none Calera.
Of the above genera, from superficial indications, I ani of the
opinion that Ragouotia, Martia, Aurora and Dannemora, will be
found to belong to the Phycitinje, rather than the Peoriinje. But I
have not the material upon which to determine their true position,
and I provisionally place them here. Other changes may have to
be made as opportunity for study is found.
RAGONOTIA Grote.
(Type dotalis Hulst.)
Grote, Can. Ento. xx, 75, 1888.
Ciris Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 17, 1887.
Palpi long, horizontal or drooping, rather heavy, end member
short ; maxillary palpi filiform ; tongue very small ; antennae finely
ciliate, $ pubescent; ocelli present, distinct. Venation: fore wings
11 veins, 4 and 5 short stemmed, 10 separate; hind Avings 8 veins,
2 near angle, 8, 4 and 5 stenuiied, 8 long, close to 7, but not stemmed
in my specimens.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 205
I have only females, and so am able to give no description of the
genitalia of the Z . Mr. Ragonot, in describing the genus, suggests
that vein 8 may sometimes be obsolete. From my s[)ecimens I do
not think this possible, as 8 is long, distinct and separate.
1. R. dotalis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ento. Soc. xiii, 164, 1886 (Anerastia).
discigerella Eag.. Diag. N". A. Phyc. p. 17, 1887.
Expands 26 mm. Palpi, head and thorax fuscous white, with a few scattered
black scales. Abdomen fuscous white, with a faint ochreous cast on the posterior
part of each segment ; fore wings and base ochreous, followed by light cinereous ;
first cross line blackish, running obliquely outward, strongly angulated at ante-
median space, edged with whitish on basal side, and that edged with a broad,
even, ochreous fuscous baud; middle field white, much peppered with black on
auterior half, the same with an ochreous shading on posterior half; discal spot
ochreous. annulated with black ; outer line oblique, somewhat angulated just
before middle, edged outwardly with whitish, and that with a band of same
width and color as the one within basal line ; outer space cinereous, inclosing a
subterminal black line; fringe cinereous; hind wings pellucid white, slightly
fuscous on anterior angle; fringe white; beneath, fore wings dirty white, with
afaint ochreous shade along costa on outer field, and broadly along inner margin ;
centrally fuscous; hind wings white, a little fuscous on anterior margin.
Colorado, Arizona.
2. R. sagauella n. sp. — Expands 32 mm. Labial palpi, head and thorax
light gray, heavily dusted with black scales. Abdomen light gray, somewhat
annulated with blackish, third and fourth segments ochreous; fore wing narrow
at base, costa quite straight; apex, outer margin, and outer angle rounded, inner
margin sinuous. Color even light gray, heavily marked with black, and some
stained with fuscous, the veins all black lined; lines almost obsolete, the first
evidenced by a white spot at inner margin, the outer by a lightening between
the black veins. Hind wings clear, shining, iridescent, very light fuscous, the
veins and margin darker.
From T. D. A. Cockerell, of West Clifi', Col., where the unique
specimen was taken at light, May 24th.
This insect is hardly congeneric with dotalis. The wings are dif-
ferently shaped, the tongue is much longer, being one-half as long
again as the palpi, and consequently it lies midway between JNIr.
Ragonot' s two subfamilies.
MARICOPA n. gen.
(Type lativittella Rag.)
This genus resembles Ragonotlu in palpal construction. The vena-
tion is also the same, except that there are but 7 veins in the hind
wings, vein 5 being absent. The male is not known, so the antennal
construction cannot be given.
* A tribe of Indians in Arizona.
206 GEO. D. HULST.
1. M. lativittella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887 (Cms), Cat. N. A.
Phyc. Ento. Am. v, 114, 1889 (Racjonotin). — Female 22 mm. Fore wings dark
gray, lines indistinct; first whitish,- slightly oblique, preceded by a broad baud,
half black, half dull reddish ochreous, not attaining the costa ; second line sinu-
ous, barely indicated. Discal spots black, distinct. Hind wings yellowish fus-
cous, edge darker.
Arizona.
VOL,lTSIA» n. gen.
(Type roseopennella Hulst)
Labial palpi long, slender, porrect, end member short, second very
long ; maxillary palpi very small ; tongue wanting ; ocelli present ;
antennae strongly crenulate pubescent, not bent above base. Fore
wings rounded, oval. Venation: fore wings 11 veins; 4 and 5
stemmed one-half length, 8, 9 and 10 long stemmed; hind wings 7
veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 very long stemmed, 8 distinct.
1. V. roseopennella n. sp. — Expands 16 mm. Labial palpi deep fuscous
red ; head and thorax deep wine red ; antennte fuscous red ; abdomen ocher red-
dish ; fore wings an even reddish pink, except au ochreous pink longitudinal
dash from base outward at middle reaching two-thirds the length of wing ; be-
hind this the reddish pink is deepened into fuscous red; lines obsolete; fringes
fuscous. Hind wings dark fuscous.
Volusia County, Fia.
ALiTOONAf Hulst.
(Type opacella Hulst)
Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 116, 1888.
Labial ])al|)i long, horizontal, second mendjer about four times
length of third ; maxillary ])alpi small ; tongue small, front slightly
rounded ; antenme crenulate pubescent, basal member long, cylin-
drical, bent above base slightly ; ocelli very small, perhaps wanting
in $ ; wings quite broad, arched at costa, angles rounded. Legs
slender, closely scaled, spurs very long, slender. Genitalia of S
almost exactly like those of Cayuga. Venation : fore wings 11 veins,
2 distant from angle, 4 and 5 stemmed, 10 stemmed or separate
(stemmed with 8 and 9 in type); hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle, 3
and 4 stemmed, 5 wanting, 6 separate, 8 quite long.
I am much perplexed about this genus. It was described with
opacella as type. This, in his catalogue, Mr. Ragonot puts under
Tolima Rag. But Altoona differs from Tolima in anteunal structure,
and somewhat in venation. It agrees -with Saluria Rag. so far as his
* A county in Florida, where type was found.
t An ancient Indian tribe of Pennsylvania.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 207
diagnosis goes (which is much more imperfect thau usual), except
that in Salurla vein 11 is wanting, while it is present in Altoona.
But Mr. Ragonot catalogues teiradeUa Zell. and dichroeella Rag.
(both of which have 11 present, and thus have 11 veins in the fore
wings) under Saluria. Ostreella Rag. I have seen, but could not
examine the venation; rostrella I do not know at all. INIr. Ragonot
makes glariosella Zell the type of Saluria. This species I have seen,
but could not examine venation.
With this explanation I retain Altoona, and catalogue under it
the species which I know certainly to fall there. Whether it is a
synonym of Saluria I cannot tell till I learn whether Mr. Ragonot
diagnosed glariosella correctly.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Posterior lialf of fore wiugs blackish opacellA.
" " uot blackish 2.
2 Fore wings reddish, veins concolorous dichroeella.
fuscous ocherish, veins lined with whitish tetraclella.
cross lines distinct; color gray and blackish ardif'erella.
1. A. opacella Hulst. Euto. Am. iii, 138, 1887 (.4?ieras<m).— Expands 22
mm. Palpi dark gray. Head and thorax fuscous bi'owu. Abdomen light ocher.
Fore wings with the portion anterior to the median line white, posterior portion
blackish gray. The two colors somewhat merge into each other, and the white,
especially posteriorly and outwardly, is dusted with black and fuscous scales.
Hind wings ocher fuscous. Beneath, fuscous on fore wings, light fuscous on
hind wings. ,
Central Texas.
2. A. dichroeella Rag., Ento. Am. v, 113, 1889 (SrtZMrm).— Expands 19 mm.
Fore wings oval, narow at base, strongly rounded on costa, costal half whitish,
sparingly dusted with reddish brown, the dorsal half grayish brown with a
reddish tint, paler on hind margin, but sharply defined and rather dai'ker along
the median vein. Hind wings even pale yellowish, the cilia slightly darker.
Resembles very much bipartitella Rag. and also opacella Hulst.
3. A. tetradella Zell., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1872. p. 552 (Beit. i.
106), (Anerastia). — Expands 12 — 16 mm. Labial palpi light ocher, much mixed
with fuscous scales; front and thorax ocher fuscous ; antennas fuscous; abdomen
ochreous ; fore wings ochreous fuscous, a broad costal stripe reaching to apex,
powdered between the costal veins with fuscous; a central white stripe across
disc reaching to outer margin, there divided ; the submedian vein, veins 1 and 6,
also lined nari-owly with white, all these white lines very narrowly and some-
what brokenly edged with black. Hind wiugs even light fuscous.
Texas. I have specimens taken in May, June, July, August and
September, so the species is probably two brooded.
208 GEO. D. HULST.
4. A. aiMliferella Hiilst, Ento. Am. iv, 118. 1888. — Expands 18 mm. Palpi
and head mouse gray, with scattered black scales; thorax gray; abdomen gray,
with an ochreous tint; fore wings with a broad gray stripe along costa; base and
along inner margin to middle of wing reddish ocher; base with a black dash;
outer and center portion of middle field fuscous gray ; outer field gray above,
fuscous below; basal line white, straight, oblique, with black on costal half out-
wardly, on inner half inwardly ; outer line near margin lined heavily with black
on both sides near costa, and all the way inwardly; a marginal line of black
points more pronounced near apex ; hind wings yellowish fuscous.
Texas, New Mexico.
Mr. Ragonot has placed tliis specie.s under Zophodia, but the en-
tire absence of the tongue will not allow it there. Its appearance is
very different from the rest of the genus, and I would suppose it
ought not belong to the Peoviime, but I have not been able to ex-
amine the genitalia.
C;AYUGA« Hulst.
(Type gemmatella Hulst)
Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 116, 1888.
Labial palpi very long, horizontal, middle mendier six times length
of end member; maxillary palpi very small; tongue about length
of head; front bilobed by perpendicular indentation at middle, ocelli
present, distinct ; antennae of S with slight swelling at summit of
basal member, though not so marked as in Acrobasis, above base
bent, with three or four members entirely fused in one without teeth,
but with a perpendicular ridge of scales on either side forming a
deep open furrow; above dentate-crenulate, coarsely pubescent. Fore
wings broad, arched at costa, much rounded at inner angle ; hind
wings rounded outwardly, anal angle comparatively distinct; legs
long, slender, closely scaled, tarsi spinulated; fore tibia slightly
shorter than upper tarsus, hind tibia twice upper tarsus, upper spurs
at middle. Genitalia of %, : uncus short, not divided at base, spine
short, a long sharp spine on each side at base; harpas broad, truncate
at end, eared above, edged with long, stout, inward tending hairs:
lower plate chitinous, short spatulate, or broadly conical at end,
edged with raised teeth; base on either side with heavy chitinous
protuberance, armed (jn end with two heavy, curved, diverging, rather
long spines. Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 2 distant from angle,
4 and 5 stemmed, 10 generally stemmed with 8 and 9; hind wings
7 veins, 2 quite distant from angle, o and 4 stemmed one-third length,
5 wanting, 6 separate, 8 long.
* An ancient tribe of Indians in New York.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTEKA. 209
Mr. Ragonot, in his catalogue, places this as =: Poujadia Rag., but
the maxillary palpi are not tufted, and the antennie are very different.
It is much nearer Mangala Rag., and seems to me to be the same,
but in the diagnosis of that genus some structural characters are
omitted, and I let it stand till these are known.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings with costal stripe only geminatella.
" " and subraeiliau stripe bistriatella.
1. C gemniatella Hulst, Euto. Am. iii, 134, 1887 \Spennatophthora).—Ex-
pands 22 — 26 mm. Paljii ocher, with a reddisli tinge. Head, thorax, abdonieu
and fore wings ocher washed with bright reddish wine color. This on the fore
wings is lighter on subcostal and costal veins forming a light ocher line, and the
red is slightly darker just behind the subcostal space, and is somewhat brighter
basally and ai)icany. Hind wings light fuscous. Beneath fuscous, lighter on
hind wings.
Illinois, Colorado.
2. C bistriatella Hulst, ii. sp. — In size and general appearance very like
gemmatella. It differs in structure in that in the fore wings 10 is separate from 8
and 9; the color is much lighter, being reddish ochreous, the costal stripe more
distinct ; there is also more fuscous posterior to the costal stripe, and also a stripe,
nearly the light ocher ground color without any reddish, just anterior to vein 1
extending from near the base almost or quite to the outer margin. Hind wings
smoky pellucid.
Taken at San Bernardino, S. Cal., the last week in June.
MARTI A Eag.
(Type arizonella Rag.)
Eag., Diag. X. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887.
Labial palpi long, horizontal, somewhat drooping; maxillary j)alpi
filiform; tongue very small; antennae simple. Venation: fore wings
11 veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 separate; hind wings 7 veins, 2 dis-
tant from angle, 3 and 4 separate, 5 wanting.
1. M. arizonella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887.— Expands 16 mm.
Fore wings dark brownish gray, finely dusted with black, the costa wliitish
ochreous dusted with blackish. Lines white, fine and distinct, the first with the
costal half oblique, lower half perpendicular ; second line oblique, nearly straight,
followed by an ochreous baud. A large ochreous spot on disc. Hind wings
yellowish fuscous.
Arizona.
AUieORA Eag.
(Type longipalpella Eag.)
Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887.
Labial palpi very long, horizontal, second member rounded and
TR.VNS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (27) JUNE, 1890.
210 GEO. D. HULST.
swollen above, third member long and thin ; tongue very small ;
ocelli present, distinct. Venation : fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 long
stenmied, 10 stemmed with 8 and 9; hind wings 7 veins, 2 distant
from angle, 4 separate from angle, 5 wanting, 7 and 8 separate.
I have never seen this insect, and the above is all that is given by
Mr. Ragonot, and this was from the $ only.
1. A. loiigipalpella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887. — Female expands
22 mm. Fore wiugs blackish gray, whitish on the costa ; lines blackish, very
oblique, very approximate at inner margin ; the first is nearly straight, the sec-
ond is indented on discal fold. Discal spots invisible. Hind wings pale brownish
gray.
No locality is given with the description, so it may not belong to
our fauna.
ATASCOSA* n. gen.
(Type bicolorella Hulst)
Labial palpi longer than head, ascending, end member horizontal,
second member heavily scaled, end member short, about one-fifth
second member ; maxillary palpi with scales nearly as long as labial
palpi, uneven in length, black at end ; tongue very small ; front sub-
quadrate, slightly rounded; ocelli distinct; antenni?e S, pubescent,
hardly crenulate, bent above base, without scale tuft ; legs rather
slender, long, tarsi spinulated. Fore wings subparallel, angles
rounded ; hind wings anal angle quite distinct, inner margin short.
Genitalia not studied. Venation: fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5
stennned one-half length, 10 separate ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle,
3 and 4 stemmed one-half length, 5 wanting, 8 distinct, stemmed
with 7.
Very close to Poujadia Rag., differing somewhat in venation, wing
shape, antennal structure, and in type in maxillary palpi, but in all
not very strongly.
1. A, bicolorella n. sp. — Expands 14 mm. Labial paljji fuscous ochreous,
mixed with blackish; maxillary palpi same color, black at ends; antennae ochre-
ous; thorax fuscous; abdomen grayish ochreous; fore wings reddish ocher,
mixed with dark scales, the reddish being most distinct at base and along inner
margin. A broad whitish costal stripe reaching apex, marked with reddish at
base, edged posteriorly with blackish, which basally foi-ms a heavy dash. Hind
wings even light fuscous.
Central Texas, August.
2. A. floscella n. sp. — Expands 12 mm. Labial paljji short, heavy, the end
member very short, the second heavily scaled, and with the head fuscous gray
* An ancient tribe of Indians in Texas.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 211
in color; thorax liglit fuscous gray; abdomen with an ocher tone. Fore wings
whitish, stained with fuscous on posterior half, and with scattered blackish
scales on anterior half; the basal line indicated by two distinct black spots just
within the middle of wing and situated on the cell and median vein ; the outer
line faint, shown by a continuation of whitish color across the wing, rather dif-
fuse, obscurely angulate, with several fine black spots on veins showing the
shadow line; discal spots obsolete. Hind wings light, shining, faintly fuscous;
maxillary palpi pencil tufted, tongue quite short.
Texas.
This species is hardly congeneric with bicolorella, and is perhaps
better located under Poujadia Rag., but it is well to place it here
till the full structural characters of Poujadia are made known. It
is, I think, the smallest of all species with tufted maxillary palpi.
SALURIA Rag.
(Type maculivittella Eag.)
Annales Euto. Soc. France, 1887, p. 258.
Near Ematheudes. Antennae of % strongly crenulate or pectinate,
without a scale tuft ; labial palpi extended forward ; maxillary palpi
filiform. Fore wings with 10 veins (11 wanting), 10 from the cell,
4 and 5 stemmed ; hind wings with 7 veins.
This is Mr. Ragonot's description of the genus. I have not been
able to examine the following species, so cannot be sure his reference
is correct. All the other species of our fauna referred by him to
Saluria have 11-veined fore wings.
Synopsis of Species.
1. Fore wing reddish, without costal stripe rostrella.
" not reddish, with costal stripe o.
2. Veins white, size very large ostrella.
Veins concolorous, size small glai'eosella.
1. S. ostrella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887.— Expands 34 mm. Fore
wings pale brownish ochreous with a pearly luster; costa broadly white, less so
towards apex ; median vein and nervures white, cilia white. Hind wings pearly
white.
Arizona.
2. S. rostrella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887.— Expands 24 mm. Fore
wings reddish ochreous, paler towards the inner margin, veins hardly paler.
Hind wings yellovvish white.
California.
3. S. glareosella ZelL, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien, 1872, p. 553 (Beit. i.
107), {Anerastia). — Expands about 18 mm. Labial palpi ocher gray; head gray;
tongue short; antennae yellowish gray; thorax brown-gray; abdomen yellow
212 GEO. D. HUI.ST.
ocher: fore wings broad, rounded, nearly oval; color violet-gray, darkest over
the fold as an edging to the costal stripe reaching fron) the base outwardly ; costal
stripe whitish, broad, covering nearly or quite half the wing, slightly powdered
with brown scales, discal points obsolete; hind wings pellucid, yellowish white.
Beneath fore wings brown gray, hind wings light fuscous.
Texas.
Zeller says his type was taken August 15th.
l^AVASOTA Eag.
(Type hebetella Rag.)
Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 18, 1887.
Labial palpi oblique, ascending, third member horizontal ; maxil-
lary palpi filiform; antennre thick, pubescent, a very flattened tuft
of scales in bend above base; ocelli present; fore wings 10 veins,
10 from the stem of 8 and 9, 2 distant from angle, 3 and 4 stemmed,
5 wanting. Hind wings 7 veins, 2 distant from angle, 3 and 4 on a
lung stem, 5 wanting, 8 stemmed with 7.
1. !^. Iiebetella Eag., Diag. N. A Phyc. p. 18, 1887.— Expands 16 mm.
Fore wings reddish ochreous, paler on inner margin. Costa with a broad whitish
streak, not reaching apex, and finely streaked with reddish brown. Hind wings
pale yellowish.
Texas.
IIYPSOTROPA Zell.
(Type limbella Zell.)
Isis 1848, p. 591 ; von Heinemann, Pyr. p. 200, 1865.
Labial palpi erect, end member fine, sharp, middle member heavily
sealed; maxillary palpi filiform; tongue wanting; ocelli wanting;
antennae of % ciliate, bent above bitse, without tuft. Fore wings
10 veins, 3 and 4 separate, or at a point, 5 wanting, 10 separate, or
stemmed with 8 and 9 ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 near angle, 3 and 4
stemmed, 5 wanting, 7 and 8 separate or stemmed.
1. H. luteicostella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887.— Expands 17 mm.
Fore wings dark red, with a broad pale yellow costal streak, not reaching apex,
and tinged with reddish at base. It is bordered with black underneath. Hind
wings yellowish fuscous.
Florida.
DANNEMORA* n. gen.
(Type edenteUa Hulst)
Labial palpi erect, long, slender; maxillary palpi very small;
tongue weak, but about three times length of head ; ocelli present ;
antennie simple, pubescent. Fore wings long, narrow; apex much
* An ancient Indian tribe of New York.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 213
sharper than usual, anal angle well determined ; hind wings broad,
rounder on outer margin. Venation: fore wings 10 veins, 3 and 4
separate, 5 wanting, 10 stemmed with 8 and 9 ; hind wings 7 veins,
2 at angle, 3 and 4 stemmed, 5 wanting; cell short.
1. D. edeiitella n. sp — Expands 15 mm. Labial palpi gray, mixed with
blackish scales; frout fuscous, tuft gray; thorax and abdomen fuscous; fore
wings fuscous gray, much marked with blackish on costal median space, and
outwardly; discal spots distinct ; basal line determined by dark shading; outer
line close to margin and parallel, grayish, broad, even, shaded on both sides
with blackish. Hind wings dark fuscous.
S. Florida. April.
PEORIA Rag.
(Type hsematica Zell.)
Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887.
Labial palpi horizontal, long, sw'ollen in the middle ; maxillary
palpi very small; tongue short; front rounded, broad; antennae
crenulate, pubescent, slightly or not at all bent, but with second
segment above base very long, and with a fine perpendicular line of
scales where bend should be; ocelli present, small. Fore wings
rounded, broad. Legs rather long, closely scaled, tarsi spinulated.
Genitalia of S : uncus broad, rounded, toothed within with two
spines; harpe broad, bilobed at end, the lower portion edged with
long hairs, making something of an anal tuft, the upper at upper
portion with a spine ; a double heavy spine at base of harpe, and
another within the base; lower plate wanting. Venation: fore wings
10 veins, 5 wanting; 8, 9 and ,10 long stemmed ; hind wings 7, veins,
2 at angle, 3 and 4 long stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed.
1. P. Iiscniatica Zell., Verb. Zool -Bot. Ges., Wien, 1872, p. 555 (Beit. i.
109), (Anerastia).
roseateUa Pack., Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist, x, 270, 1873; Grote, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Snrv. iv, 704, 1878; N. A. Ento. i, 12, pi. ii, fig. 14, 1879.
Expands 16 — 20 mm. Head and thorax dull yellow, more or less stained with
rosy brown. Fore wings with a pale yellow costal stripe running to a point not
reaching apex, otherwise the fore wings are dull roseate shading to fuscous or
blackish below the stripe, and to yellowish along inner margin. Hind wings
pale yellowish fuscous; all fringes yellowish. Beneath yellowish fuscous.
Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Colorado, Ohio,
Illinois, Iowa.
Prof Forbes has taken this insect at electric light from June 3d
at various times, to September 20th; the greater number being taken
in June.
214 GEO. D. HULST.
This insect varies very considerably in general appearance. The
reddish color is often entirely wanting in fresh specimens. Those
from Texas and Colorado have, as a rule, the reddish always present
and deepened in tone. The eastern examples incline to a more faded
ochreous appearance; one of Packard's types is of this color, the
other rosy.
2. P. bipartitella Rag., Diag. N. A. Pbyc. p. 19, 1887.— Female expands
15 mm. Fore wings with costal half, except on hind margin, whitish, dusted
with blackish ; dorsal half and hind margin reddish ochreous, finely dusted with
black posteriorly, the dividing line blackish towards base. Hind wings yellow-
ish, clouded with fuscous on the margin.
North Carolina.
/ I do not know this species. I would suppose it to be close to, if
not identical with, the more ochreous variations of hamatica.
HOMOSASSA* n. geu.
(Type ella Hulst)
Labial palpi ascending, slender, filiform, end member short; max-
illary palpi filiform ; front swollen on each side, a perpendicular
groove in middle ; tongue very small ; antennae crenulate, pubescent;
ocelli present; legs rather short, tibial epiphysis longer than usual.
Genitalia of % : uncus a broad, rounded plate like Cayuga; harpe
bilobed, the upper part transformed into a long, stout, curved spine;
a short stout spine at base ; lower plate wanting. Fore wings rounded,
rather broad; fore wings 10 veins, 3 and 4 separate, 5 wanting, 10
separate ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 long stemmed, 8
stemmed with 7, long.
1. H. ella Hulst. Ento. Am. iii, 138, 1887 (£i)/tesf«rt).— Expands 14—18 mm.
Head parts very dark fuscous. Thorax very dark fuscous in front, lighter be-
hind. Abdomen orange fuscous on anterior segments, light fuscous ou posterior.
Fore wings even blackish brown, with a costal stripe between subcostal and edge,
clay white in color, with a slight intermixture of brown scales, beginning at base
running to a point, and becoming obsolete just before apex. The division be-
tween the two colors of the wing is sharp, and they stand in strong contrast.
The males seem to be slightly lighter in the prevailing color of the fore wiug.
Hind wings dark fuscous. Beneath dark fuscous.
Florida. May.
Mr. Ragonot catalogues this as an Anerastla. It is sufficiently
distinct from that genus by the presence of ocelli and the absence
of a frontal tubercle.
•■• An ancient tribe of Indians in Florida.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 215
WEKIVAs n. gen.
(Type nodosella Hulst)
Labial palpi long filiform, ascending; maxillary palpi very small;
tongue wanting; antennoe crenulate pubescent, hardly bent above
base, a small ridge of scales in bend; ocelli present; legs long,
slender; spurs slender, long; middle and hind tibise with tuft at end.
Genitalia of S : uncus broad, rounded, almost semicircular, spine
very short; harpe broad, with a long incurved spine at upper end
and one at base; lower plate wanting. Fore wings broad, oval, 10
veins, 4 and 5 separate, 10 stemmed with 8 and 9; hind wings
rounded, oval, 7 veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 long stemmed, 5 wanting.
]. W. uodosella n. sp.— Expands 14—16 mm. Labial palpi, front, and
thorax light fuscous, washed strongly with reddish ; abdomen ochreous fuscous,
with reddish shade at base. Fore wings narrowly along costa, and on more than
posterior half deep reddish ; a not very broad whitish stripe just before subcostal
vein not reaching apex; this is edged behind with a blackish band which grad-
ually fades away into the reddish ground color. Hind wings light fuscous,
darker with a yellowish red shade outwardly.
Florida. April.
I have an impression this may be the same as Hypsotropa lutei-
coste/la Rag. It has ocelli, but otherwise agrees very well. But Mr.
Ragonot may have omitted an examination of the ocelli.
PETAL.U]»IA+ Hulst.
(Type illibella Hulst)
Hulst, Ento. Am. iv, 116, 1888.
Labial palpi long, rather heavy, drooping ; maxillary palpi very
small; tongue nearly wanting; front with a long conical tubercle,
truncate near the end, two-thirds across from above; antennse simple;
ocelli present; fore wings 10 veins, 3 and 4 stemmed, 5 wanting, 10
stemmed with 8 and 9 ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 on
a long stem, 5 wanting, 8 stemmed with 7, but quite long and very
distinct.
Another case I suspect of error somewhere. Mr. Ragonot's genus
Ccenochroa is very near this, but he says there are but six veins in
the hind wings. The type of Ccenochroa is californieUa. I have
seen the insect, but could not examine venation; I have an insect I
thought by comparison to be that species, but that has seven veins
* An ancient tribe of Indians in Florida.
+ An Indian name in California.
216 GEO. D. HULST.
in liind wings. I have botli hupergella and jyuricodella = illibella
Hiilst, and both these have seven veins in the hind wings, so I fancy
there may be some mistake.
Synopsis of Species.
Fore wings with costal stripe illibella.
witli no costal stripe iiispergella.
1. P. illibella Hulst, Euto. Am. iii, 138, October, 1887, [Anerastia).
pnricosteUa Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 20, December, 1887 (Cwnochroa).
Expands 16—20 mm. Palpi light ocher fuscous. Head and thorax light ocher
with fuscous tinge. Fore wiugs light ocher, lightest along costa, forming an
indistinct stripe, aud darkest just behind subcostal vein. A slight powdering of
fuscous scales, more marked on the veins. Hind wings white. Beneath light
ocher on fore wings, white on hind wings.
Texas.
2. P. iiispergella Eag., Diag N. A. Phyc. p. 20, 1887 (C'cenoc/irort).— Ex-
pands 23 mm. Fore wings pale yellowish ochreous, much and evenly dusted
with blackish in lines on the veins; cilia pale yellow, lower discal spot distinct.
Hind wings yellowish white.
Texas, Arizona.
I have little doubt this is a variety only of the preceding species.
STATIIVA Eag.
(Type roseotinctella Eag.)
Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887.
Labial palpi nearly porrect, rather long; maxillary palpi small;
tono-ue small; antennse crenulate pubescent, bent above base, clothed
with appressed scales in the bend, basal member long and thick;
ocelli present. Fore wings 10 veins, 8 and 4 long stemmed, 5 want-
ing, 10 stemmed with 8 and 9 ; hind wings 6 veins, 2 at angle, 4 and
5 wanting, 8 present, stemmed.
A peculiar genus in lacking two veins of the submedian series in
hind wings.
1. S. roseotinctella Eag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 19, 1887.— Expands 17 mm.
Fore wings red, with a rosy hue, costa slightly pale, distinctly streaked with red,
and bordered below with blackish to the median vein ; second line indicated by
some short black streaks on the median nervures and dorsal vein. Hind wings
pale yellowish fuscous.
Florida.
2. S. gaildiella n. sp.— Expands 13 mm. Palpi and autennie ochreous fus-
cous; abdomen ochreous. Fore wiugs squamose ; ground color ochreous, with a
faint violet fuscous tinge, this sprinkled with lengthened black scales, much
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 217
more thickly about basal line and within outer line forming indeterminate black-
ish bands; lines indistinct, indeterminate, not evident except by the blackish
scaling; costa on outer field darker, with black scales; hind wings yellowish
fuscous, darker on veins.
Differs from typical Statina in that cells of both wings are very
short.
CAMERA Eag.
(Type punctilimbella Rag.)
Eag., Nouv. Gen. Espec. Phyc. p. 50, 1888.
Labial palpi oblique, long, second member subtriangular ; an-
tennae of % simple, the basal member enlarged, slightly bent on the
inner side. Fore wings 10 veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 stemmed, 5
wanting, 10 stemmed with 8 and 9 ; hind wings with 6 veins, 2 at
the angle, 3 and 5 wanting, 7 and 8 stemmed.
Another goius with two veins of submedian series wanting in hind
wings; the two genera are very close to each other; indeed, are
almost identical.
1. C punctilimbella Eag.. Nouv. Gen. Phyc. p. 50, 1888.— Expands 18
mm. Fore wings reddish ochreous, more dense along the costa, more clear at
inner margin ; costa with a broad and distinct band, ocher white, narrowed pos-
teriorly ; external border marked with blackish points; hind wings yellowish
white, pellucid.
Resembles hoRmatica Zell. " Carolina, N. A."
CCENOCHROA Eag.
(Type californiella Eag.)
Bag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 20, 1887.
Labial palpi horizontal, swollen in middle, above thickened with
scales ; maxillary palpi invisible ; front of head produced into a
horny cone ; antennae slightly flattened, and shortly pubescent ; fore
wings 10 veins, 2 at angle, 3 and 4 on a long stem, 5 wanting, 10
stemmed with 8 and 9; hind wings 6 veins, 2 distant from angle, 3
and 5 wanting, 8 stemmed with 7.
1. C californiella Rag., Diag. N. A. Phyc. p. 20, 1887.— Expands 25 mm.
Fore wings pale ochreous, slightly washed with reddish ochreous on the costal
half, sparingly dusted with black on the veins; the lower discal spot blackish ;
cilise. white; hind wings white, somewhat dusted with fuscous posteriorly.
California.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (28) JULY, 1890.
218 GEO. D. HULST.
Species unknown and probably not properly determined.
IVepliopteryx rnbiginella Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 55, 1863.— -^ and
9 • Diugy cinereous. Head and fore part of the thorax more or less rusty red ;
maxillary palpi short, porrect ; wings with a long, pale, cinereous, slightly in-
terlined fringe. Fore wings hoary, narrow, somewhat rounded at the tips,
mostly oveispread hindward with a rusty hue; discal dot and marginal points
blackish; costa straight; exterior border convex, oblique; %, labial palpi with
a long pencilldte tuft of testaceous hairs. Antenna} incrassated towards the
base. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings ; 9 labial palpi erect,
rising a little higher than the vertex ; third joint lanceolate, less than half the
length of the second. Length of body 5—5.5 lines, of wings 13 — 15 lines.
United States.
lVei>hoi»tery.v traii!i>itoIla Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p, 54, 1863.— Female
cinereous. Proboscis distinct; palpi slightly decumbent, pubescent, rather stout;
third joint elongate, conical, full half the length of the second ; antenuse rather
stout; abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings; fore wings rather
narrow, hardly acute, mostly hoary, except towards the inner border; interior
and exterior lines blackish, undulating, dentate, rather ditfuse; discal dot black-
ish, elongated ; marginal points black; costa straight : exterior border slightly
convex and oblique; hind wings with a slight seneous tinge. Length of body 5
lines, of wings 14 lines.
United States.
Possibly Zophodia grossularUe Pack.
Sfephopteryx seniiiiivellaWlk., C. B. M. pt. 35, p. 1717, 1866. — Female
blackish cinereous. Head, body beneath, legs and hind wings, pure white.
Palpi white, slightly ascending, extending somewhat beyond head, a little shorter
than the breadth of the latter; third joint black, lanceolate, less than half the
length of the second. Antennse slender. Abdomen cinereous above, extending
much beyond the hind wings. Legs slender; fore wings narrow, rounded at the
tips ; an irregular, cinereous, not oblique, sometimes interrupted antemedial line ;
a few small cinereous marks near the outei- side of the line: exterior border
convex, rather oblique. Length of body 4.5 lines, of wings 13 lities.
United States.
Eiirliodope approxiiuella Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 35, p. 1722, 1866.— 'J, ?
pale straw color. Palpi porrect, squamous, much longer than the breadth of the
head, third joint lanceolate, not more than one-fourth length of second. An-
tennae of % minutely setulose. Abdomen extending much beyond the hind
wings. Wings with a slight jeneous tinge ; fore wings with a brown subcostal
stripe, which is diffuse and reddish on the hind side; hind wings white, semi-
hyaline. Length of body 3.5 lines, of wings 9 lines.
North America.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. 219
Stantira variegata Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 76, 1863.— % reddish cine-
reous, whitish cinereous beneath. Head and thorax blackish cinereous. Wings
with black marginal points; fore wings irregularly blackish cinereous along the
costa, which has black points towards the tip; hind wings whitish cinereous
with a black discal spot. Length of body 6 lines, of the wings 12 lines.
St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson Bay, Can.
In the generic description of Stantlra Mr. Walker says the pro-
boscis is short, the palpi porrect, the antennae smooth.
Ciitiiia albopiiiictella Wlk., C. B. M. pt. 35, p. 1735, 1866.— -^ hoary,
with a slight Eeneous tinge. Wings pale fawn color, slightly seneous tinged;
marginal points black; fore wings with white veins; costal space diffusedly
streaked with white; a diffuse, zigzag, white submarginal line; fringe with a
white streak opposite each black point; under side diflFusedly whitish along the
costa, and along exterior border. Hind wings with a whitish tipped fringe;
underside whitish, with fawn colored speckles, and with a black dot in the disc.
Length of body 6 lines, of wings 12 lines.
United States.
In the generic description Mr. Walker says : proboscis rather long
and stout, palpi slender, obliquely ascending ; antennae stout pubes-
cent.
^iiubrita abrostella Wlk., C B. M. pt. 35, p. 1744, 1866.— J shistaceous,
stout, cinei-eous beneath. Palpi porrect, stout, squamous, as long as the breadth
of the head; third joint lanceolate, about one-fourth the length of the second.
Antennae and legs stout. Wings broad ; fore wings acute, brovvn speckled, varied
with ferruginous and with whitish ; a large, ochraceous, whitish, basal spot, bor-
dered on the outer side by two undulating black lines ; a zigzag, black, auteme-
dial line; a double, slightly curved, outward black, postmedial line, which forms
an acute angle near costa, a white point and a white spot in the disc, the latter
including a reniform brown mark; a broad, zigzag, whitish submarginal line-
two black streaks extending from the exterior border opposite the angle of the
post-medial line; a row of black points, which are very near the exterior border.
Hind wings seneous; marginal line ferruginous; fringe whitish, interlined with
pale brown. Length of body 5 Hues, of wings 13 lines.
United States.
Peinpelia virgatella Clem., Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phil. 1860, p. 205.—
Brownish luteous; fore wings varied with grayish toward the base and tip, with
dull pale reddish at base and middle of inner margin ; on the middle of the
costa is a blackish blotch, containing a short line of the same hue, and opposite
a whitish angulated line with few black spots exterior to the costal line ; a blotch
of the same hue towards the base of the submedian nervure, and a pale, grayish,
subtermina! line, margined internally by a blackish line, and externally by black
streaks on the nervules; the internal black margin is edged on the costa and
middle of the wing with pale grayish ; hinder margin spotted with black, cilia
grayish fuscous. Hind wings pale brownish ; labial palpi erect ; maxillary palpi
with a short pencil of hairs ; tongue long.
Pennsylvania.
220 GEO. D. HULST.
This is almost certainly Salebria contatella Grt. Dr. Clemens'
types are lost, and it will be impossible, probably, to determine all
his species from the descriptions. The tufted maxillary palpi of this
and the next species narrow their possibilities to only four or five
species. I have very little doubt that this and the next are forms
of contcdeUa.
Penipelia subcsesiella Clem., 1. c. p. 206. — Male pale bluish eray. dusted
with fuscous : fore wings with a reddish luteons hand at base, broadest on inner
margin, and a rather broad, dark fuscous band on the basal third. The subter-
minal line is pale grayish, edged behind with dark fuscous. Hind wings pale
brownish. Labial palpi erect; maxillary palpi pencil tufted, tongue long.
Pennsylvania.
Epliei^tia ostrinella Clem., I. c. p. 206.— Reddish purple, varied with
blackish ; fore wings with the basal third and the apical portion reddish purple,
with a broad blackish band in the middle, edged internally by a straight whitish
line, and an exterior costal patch of the same hue containing two black dots ou
a short streak ; the subterminal line is pale grayish. Hind wings pale brownish
gray.
" The larva lives in the fruit heads of the Sumach, pa.ssing the
Winter in the larval state. It is dark reddish brown, head brown,
cervical and terminal shields blackish brown. The body is supplied
with a few isolated hairs, and one or two rows of obscure, dark brown,
subdorsal spots.
" The larvaj make galleries through the fruit heads and desert them
in the Spring to form their cocoons, which are slight silken webs, and
they appear as imagos about the middle of April."
This will in time be determined by the larvre in connection with
the description of the imago. I have never been able as yet to find
the larvre myself, though I have sought them often.
Ephestia ficidella Barn, will jirobably be taken in this country. It
looks like E. ehdella, has the same larval habits, is said to be as
widely spread by commerce. It differs in having but one tuft of
hairs above on hind wing of S . I have never seen a specimen
taken in America.
Catalogue of Undetermined Species.
1. Nephopteryx rubig-inella Wlk. 0. Pempelia subcsesiella Clem.
•2. " transitella Wlk. 7. Ephestia ostrinella Clem.
3. " seminivella Wlk. 8. Stantira varieg-ata Walk.
4. Eurhodope approximella Wlk. 9. Cutina albopunctella Walk.
5. Pempelia virg-atella Clem. 10. Subrita abrostella Walk.
Some of these may not be Pliycitidie.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOl'TERA. 221
Notes on other Species described as Phycitidae.
On the authority of Prof. Fernald, who examined the types in
the British Museum, 1 am able to give the foUowing synonymy:
Sehunta guttulosa Walk., C B. M. pt. 27, p. 78, is a Botis, and
equals Botis illibalis Hiib.
Nephopteryx intradella Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 55, is a synonym
of Blepharomadix ranalis, which Prof Fernald tells me is itself a
.synonym of Botis similalis Guen. The sj^ecies has fourteen names.
On the authority of Mr. William Warren, of the British Museum,
from a letter which has reached me just a.s these MSS. were going to
print, I am able to make the following statements with regard to
some species of Mr. AValker :
Prof Fernald's references of Nep)liopteryx intradella and Sebtinta
guttulosa are repeated.
Acrobasis latiorella Walk., C. B. M. pt. 27, p. 29, 1863, is a Noc-
tuid belonging to the Deltoidje.
y Nephopteryx stibcatia/is C B. M. pt. 27, p. 56, 1863, is an Epipas-
chiid, belonging to Tetralopha, or a new genus near it.
Benta expandens Walk. C B. M., pt. 27, p. 112, 1863, is a synonym
of Tetralopha asperateUa Clem.
Nephopteryx trausitella and N. rubiginella are true Phycitidee.
Mr. Ragonot, in his catalogue, places under the head of "species
unknown" to him, Fempelia approximella Walk. He refers probably
to Earhodopje appjroximella Walk. C. B. M. pt. 35, p. 1722, 1866.
Upon what ground he calls it Pempelia I do not know.
Mr. Ragonot also places in his catalogue of N. A. Phycitidse
Euzophera cuprofceviella Christoph. This species was described by
Mr. Christoph in the "Bulletin Soc. Nat. Moscow," 1881, p. 58.
The title of the paper is " Neue Lepidopteren des Amurgebietes."
The locality is given as " Wladiwostok, Amurland." I am unable
to find any authority for a belief that it is an American species, and
have consequently not given it a place. as such in this paper.
Nephopteryx indistinctalis Walk, and N. bifascialis Walk., C. B.
M. pt. 27, p. 59, 1863, are both placed by Mr. Ragonot in his cata-
logue as North American Phycitidie, under the head of " unknown
species." They were, however, both described from Brazil, and do
not belong to our fauna.
Tehama bonifatella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 135, 1887.
Uinta oreadella Hulst, Ento. An), iv, 116, 1888.
222 GEO. D. HULST.
Welaka mnlt'd'uieatella Hulst, Ento. Am. iii, 134, 1887.
Anerastia cesialis Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii, 1G4, 1886.
The above four species are Crambids.
Myelois (jeorglella Hulst, Ent. Soc. iii, 136, 1887, is a Tineid.
Pempelia muUeolella Hulst, Ent. Am. iii, 133, 1887, is, on the au-
thority of Mr. Ragonot, a species of Arta Grt., a genus of the Py-
ralidiclai.
Long after my jNISS. were sent to the American Entomological
Society for publication I received from ]\Ir. Ragonot separata oi' the '
Ann. Ento. Soc. France, Bull. Seance Jan. 8, 1890, pp. vii and viii,
in whicli fie publishes descriptions of the genera Ghjptocera, Laoda-
mia and La>.ti/l((, given in this paper.
He also describes the following new genus and species :
rLOPIIORA n. gcu.
Ann. Soc. Ento. France, Bnll. Seances, p. vii, 1890.
Antennne hardly flattened, slightly pubescent, thickened towards
the base, not bent ; labial palpi very long, ascending, considerably
surpassing vertex, slender, acute, the third member long; maxillai-y
palpi squamous, close against the front; tongue strong; body slender,
fore wings straight, with a strong ridge of scales before the first line,
the costa very straight. Fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 converging,
separate, 10 separate; hind wings 8 veins, 8 separate, appearing
stemmed with 7, 4 and 5 stemmed, 2 distant from angle, cell short.
U. groteii n. sp. — 18 mm. % 9- Fore wings brownish black, the middle
field (except the last fourth), the costa, the outer edge and the cross lines pow-
dered with gray. Lines gray, standing out from the general dark color ; the
first oblique, reaching the middle of the inner margin ; the second vertical,
strongly rounded at the middle, returning upon the fold. A reddish brown,
very strong ridge of erect scales is at the middle of the basal field. Discal spots
distinct, oblique; hind wings shining blackish yellow, cupreous. Thorax gray,
the posterior middle portion dark brick-red
North Carolina.
Dedicated to Mr. Grote. The genus may follow Myelois in the
Catalogue. It is very close to that genus, differing in the shortness
of the cell of the hind wings, and the raised scale ridge of the fore
In conclusion, I express my very hearty thanks to the many who
have assisted me with material for study, and to the others who as
well have given me counsel and encouragement. Without belittling
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
228
what others have done, I am especially under obligations to Henry
Edwards, Prof. Fernald and Mr. E. L. Ragonot. To the first, for
his generous gifts of material; to the second for no less generous
gifts and for helpful counsel; to the last, for the determination and
loan of material, without which this paper must have been much
more incomplete than it is. I take occasion also here thank Prof
Comstock, of Cornell University, for the loan of the Plate of LcetUia
coccidivora, which serves to give an approximate representation of
all larvae and pupae, as well as the general shape and appearance of
many of the imagines.
Catalogue of the PHYCITID^E of North America.
PHYCITIN^ Raff.
I. MYELOIS Hiih.
Oncocera Steph.
Lispe Treit.
MiielopMla Treit.
1. bistriatella Hulst.
2. subtetricella Eag.
3. immundella Hulst.
4. bilineatella Eag.
5. zonulella Eag.
6. obnupsella Hulst.
7. minutulella Hulst.
8. alatella Hulst.
recthtr'Hje.Ua Eag.
9. coniella Eag.
10. duplipunctella Eag.
11. hystriculella Hulst.
ULOPHORA® Eag.
groteii Eag.
II. RHODOPH^A Gu.
12. pallicornella Eag.
13. exsulella Zell.
III. ACROBASIS Zell.
14. palliolella Eag.
albocapitelld Hulst.
15. caryivorella Eag.
16. rubrifasciella Pack.
17. comptoniella Hulst.
18. betulella Hulst.
19. angusella Git.
minimella Eag.
20. demotella Grt.
21. caryee Gi-t.
22. nig-rosignella Hulst.
23. liebescella Hulst.
24. grulosella Hulst.
IV. MINBOLA Hulst.
25. tricolorella Grt.
2b". amplexella Eag.
27. calig-inella Hulst.
comptella Eag.
28. vaccinii Eiley.
29. indig-enella Zell.
nebula Walsh.
zelatella Hulst.
var. nebulella Eiley.
30. juglandis Le Baron.
V. PIESMOPODA Zell.
31. subrufella Hulst.
32. flliolella Hulst.
VI. PHYCITOPSIS Eaf>
33. flavicornella Eag.
See " Notes on other Species."
224
GEO. D. HULST.
34.
3.5.
VII. DIORYCTRIA Zell.
aurantiacella Grt.
miiiiatella Eag.
abietella S. V.
decuriella Hiib.
reniculeUa Grt.
abietivorella Grt.
actualis Hiilst.
clarioralis Wlk.
VIII. PINIPESTIS Grt.
38. pyg'mseella K;i,ir.
39. amatella Hiilst.
40. zimmermanni Grt.
41. albovittella Hulst.
IX. DASYPYGA Eag.
42. alternosquamella Eag.
var. stictophorella Eag.
X. TACOMA Hulst.
43. feriella Hulst.
XI. PROMYLEA E:ig.
44. lunigerella Eag.
XII. GLYPTOCERA Eag.
4.5. consobrinella Zell.
XIII. ORTHOLEPIS Eag.
46. jugosella Eag.
XIV. AMBESA Grt.
Pristophora Eag.
47. Isetella Grt.
48. niviella Hulst.
49. lallatalis Hulst.
denficnleUa Eag.
50. walsing-hami Eag.
XV. NEPHOPTERYX Hiih.
Sciuta Hulst.
51. pergratialis Hulst.
(jroteJla Eag.
52. scobiella Grt.
decimerella Hulst.
53. furfur ell a Hulst.
.54. ovalis Pack.
latifasciella Pack.
var. geminipunctella Eag.
var. hypochalciella Eag.
55. rhypodella Hulst.
cnrvatella Eag.
56. fasciolalis Hulst.
57. rubrisparsella Eag.
rnfibaseUa Eag.
croceeUa Hulst.
5S. gilvibasella Hulst.
59. basilarls Zell.
60. inquilinella Eag.
61. crassifasciella Eag.
6-2. subtinctella Eag.
XVI. TLASCALA Hulst.
63. reductella Wlk.
gleditschleUa Feru.
64. flnitella Wlk.
XVII. MEROPTERA (4rt.
Oreana Hulst.
6.5. pravella Grt.
66. uvinella Bag.
67. unicolorella Hulst.
68. canescentella Hulst.
XVIII. SALEBRIA Zell.
pumilella Eag.
annulosella Eag.
nubiferella Eag.
tenebrosella Hulst.
quercicuIelJa Eag.
semiobscurella Hulst.
subfuscella Eag.
contatella Grt.
var. quinquepunctella Grt.
celtidella Hulst.
tarmitalis Hulst.
delassalis Hulst.
fernaldi Eag.
carneella Hulst.
bifasciella Hulst.
aliculella Hulst.
obei'thnriella Eag.
odiosella Hulst.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
225
XIX. LAODAMIA Rag.
53, fusca Hrtw.
pasticata Zett.
jnnthinella Dup.
matstella Wlk.
itndulatella Wlk.
frigidella Pack.
cacabella Hulst.
XX. ELASMOPALPUS Blanch.
54. melanellus Hulst.
85. petrellus Zell.
erect alis Wlk.
rufinaUs Wlk.
hapsella Hulst.
obsipella Hulst.
86. decorellus Wlk.
metagrammalis Wlk.
87. floridellns Hulst.
88. lig-nosellus Zell.
awjusteUus Blanch,
var. Incautellvis Zell.
var. tartarellus Zell.
carboneUa Hulst.
XXI. SBLAGIA Zell.
89. lithosella Eag.
XXII. ANORISTIA Rag.
90. flavidorsella Rag.
91. olivella Hulst.
XXIII. PYLA Grt.
92. scintillans* Grt.
93. Eeneoviridella Rag.
XXIV. EPISCHNIA Hiib.
94. ruderella Rag.
95. granitella Rag.
96. boisduvaliella Gn.
farrella Curt.
lafaurieJIa Const.
97. albocostalis Hulst.
98. subcostella Rag.
99. fulvirugella Rag.
XXV. PIMA Hulst.
100. albiplag-iatella Pack.
fosterella Hulst.
XXVI. MEGASIS Gu.
101. ed-wardsialis Hulst.
polyphemella Rag.
102. excantalis Hulst.
pidlatella Rag.
103. atrella Hulst.
XXVII. LIPOGBAPHIS Rag.
104. fenestrella Pack,
var. leoninella Pack.
105. humilis Rag.
XXVIII. HYPOCHALCIA Hiib.
106. hulstiella Rag.
XXIX. SARATA Rag.
107. nigrifasciella Rag.
108. perfuscalis Hulst.
dophnerella Rag.
XXX. ETIELLA Zell.
Ramphodes Gn,
Mella Wlk.
109. zinckenella Treits.
etiella Treits.
dymnusalis Wlk.
110. shisticolor Zell.
viUoseUa Hulst.
111. rubribasella Hulst.
XXXI. MELITARA Wlk.
Megaphycis Grt.
112. prodenialis Wlk.
bollii Zell.
113. dentata Grt.
114. fernaldialis Hulst.
XXXII. ZOPHODIA Hub.
Dakruma Grt.
grossularise Pack.
turbatella Grt.
graciella Hulst.
packardiella Rag.
118. g-laucatella Rag.
119. dilatifasciella Rag.
115.
116
117
XXXIII. EUZOPHERA Zell.
Stenoptycha Von Hein.
Melia Von Hein.
■■■ This name is printed in error scintallans on p. 161.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII.
(29)
JULY, 1890.
226
GEO. D. HULST.
120. ostricolorella Hulst.
121. semifuneralis Wlk.
impleteUa Zell.
paUalelhi Hulst.
122. nigricantella Rag.
123. ag-lseella Rag.
124. ocbrifrontella Zell.
ferruginella Rag.
125. franconiella Hulst.
XXXIV. SENECA Hulst.
126. tumidulella Rag.
XXXV. VITULA Rag.
127. edmandsii Pack.
dentosella Rag.
128. serratilineella Rag.
129. basimaculella Rag.
:XVI. CANARSIA Hulst.
130. ulmiarrosorella Clem.
pneumatella Hulst.
ulmella Rag.
fascatella Hulst.
131. hammondi Riley.
XXXVII. L.^TIL.IA Rag.
132. coccidivora Comst.
pallida Comst.
133. ephestiella Rag.
XXXVIII. STAUDINGEBIA Rag.
134. albipennella Hulst.
XXXIX. HETEROGRAPHIS Rag.
Mona Hulst.
135. morrisonella Rag.
var. coloradensis Rag.
var. olbiella Hulst.
XL. HONORA Grt.
136. oblitella var. undulatella Cleui.
propriella Wlk.
137. mellinella Grt.
138. ochrimaculella Rag.
139. sciurella Rag.
140. subsciurella Rag.
141. montinatatella Hulst.
canicostella Rag.
XLI. DIVIANA Rag.
142. eudoriella Rag.
XLII. DOLICHORRHINIA Ras
Macrorrhmia Rag.
143. aureofasciella Rag.
XLIII. HOMCEOSOMA Curt.
Phycidea Zell.
144. impressalis Hulst.
145. uncanalis Hulst.
146. anguliferella Rag.
147. albescentella Rag.
148. illuvella Rag.
candidella Hulst.
149. opalescella Hulst.
tenuipunctella Rag.
150. electella Hulst.
texanella Rag.
151. stypticella Grt.
152. mucidella Rag.
XLIV. MOODNA Hulst.
153. pelviculella Hulst.
XLV. EPHESTIODES Rag.
154. gilvescentella Rag.
155. infimella Rag.
156. erythrella Rag.
XL VI. EURYTHMIA Rag.
157. hospitella Zell.
qiiantulella Hulst.
158. ig-nidorsella Eag.
XLVII. MANHATTA Hulst.
Hornigia Rag.
159. obtusangulella Rag.
160. lugubrella Rag.
XLVIII. UNADILLA Hulst.
161. nasutella Hulst.
XLIX. EPHESTIA Guen.
162. rileyella Rag.
163. fuscofasciella Rag.
164. kuehniella Zell.
165. nigrella Hulst.
166. elutella Hiib.
NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA.
227
L. PLODIA Guen.
167. interpunctella Hiib.
LI. BANDERA Rag.
168. binotella Zell.
169. subluteella Rag.
170. cupidinella Hulst.
LII. TAMPA Rag.
171. dimediatella Rag.
PEORIINiE Hulst.
Llir. RAGONOTIA Ciit.
Ciris Rag.
172. dotalis Hulst.
discigerella Rag.
173. saganella Hulst.
LIV. MARICOPA Hulst.
174. lattivittella Rag.
LV. VOLUSIA Hulst.
175. roseopennella Hulst.
LVI. ALTOONA Hulst.
176. opacella Hulst.
177. dichroeella Rag.
178. tetradella Zell.
179. ardiferella Hulst.
LVII. CAYUGA Hulst.
180. g-emmatella Hulst.
181. bistriatella Hulst.
LVIII. MARTIA Rag.
182. arizonella Rag.
LIX. AURORA Rag.
183. longipalpella Rag.
LX. ATASCOSA Hulst.
184. bicolorella Hulst.
185. floscella Hulst.
LXI. SALURIA Rag.
186. rostrella Rag.
187. ostreella Rag.
188. g-lareosella Zell.
LXII. NAVASOTA Rag.
189. hebetella Rag.
LXIII. HYPSOTROPA Zell.
190. luteicostella Rag.
LXIV. DANNEMORA Hulst.
191. edentella Hulst.
LXV. PEORIA Rag.
192. hsematica Zell.
roseatella Pack.
193. bipartitella Rag.
LXVI. HOMOSASSA Hulst.
194. ella Hulst.
LXVII. WEKIVA Hulst.
195. nodosella Hulst.
LXVIII. PBTALiUMA Hulst.
196. illibella Hulst.
pnricostella Rag.
197. inspergella Rag.
LXIX. STATINA Rag.
198. roseotinctella Rag.
199. g-audiella Hulst.
LXX. CALERA Rag.
200. punctilimbella Rag.
LXXI. CCENOCHROA Rag.
201. californiella Rag.
228 GEO. D. HULST.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VL
Fig. 1. — Palpus of Dolichorrhinia aureofasciella Rag.
" 2. — " of Euzophera semifuneralis Walk.
" 3. — Head of Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst.
" 4. — " of Pima albiplagiatella Pack.
•' 5. — " of Petaluma illibeUa Hulst.
" 6. — Maxillary palpus of Laorfawiia/Jtscffl Haw. %.
7. — Autenna of Tacoma feriella Hulst %.
8. — " o{ Elasmopalpus Ugnosellns ZeU. %.
9. — " of Peoria hsematica Zell. % .
" 10. — " of Etiella zinckenella Treit. % .
" 11. — " of Pima albiplagiatella Pack. % .
•' 12. — " of Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst % .
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.
Fig. 13. — Tufts on last segment below of Pima albiplagiatella Pack. %
" 14. — Uncus of Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst % .
'' 15. — " of Bandera cnpidinella Hulst % .
" 16. — " of Staudingeria albipennella Hulst 'J, .
" 17. — Harpe of Elasmopalpus lignosellus Zell. % .
" 18. — " of Eurythmia hospitella Zell. % .
" 19. — " of Epischnia boisduvalieUa Gn. %.
•' 20. — Lower plate of Acrobasis comptoniella. Hulst % .
■' 21. — " of Plodin interpuiictella Hiib. % .
•' 22. — Uncus of Peoria hsematica Zell. % .
" 23. — 'H.&rpe o{ Elasmopalpus petrellns ZeU. %.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.
Fig. 24. — Venation, fore wing Pyla scintillans Grt.
•' 25.— " hind wing "
" 26. — " fore wing Zophodia grossularisc Pack.
•' 27. — " hind wing
•' 28. — " fore wing Petaluma illibella Hulst.
" 29. — " hind wing " "
" 30. — " fore wing Statina roseotinctella Eag.
" 31. — " hind wing " "
•' 32. — *' fore wing Eurythmia hospitella Zell.
" 33. — " hiud wing " "
" 34, — "' fore wing Plodia interpiotctelhi Hiili.
" 35. — " hind wiug " "
Trans. Am. Eut. Soc. Vol. XVII.
PI. VI.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XVII.
PI. VII.
Trans. Am. Ent. Sue. Vol. XVII.
PI. VIII.
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 229
A Synopsis of the Odoiiat Genus L.EITCORHIIVIA Biitt
BY DR. H. A. HAGEN.*
[The genus Leucorhinia was first cliaracterized by C. C. Brittinger
in 1850, as follows :
The followiug species, which, by the metallic lustre of the upper surface of
their body, by the form, dorsal flanks and appendages of the abdomen, by a tri-
angular black spot on the base of the hind wings, and by their white frons and
uasus, form a very natural group, I have already separated in 1845, as a distinct
genus under this name. (Translated from Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissenschaft.
Wien, 1850, Bd. iv, p. 333.)
The "following species" are: 1. rubicunda luinn. ; 2. pectoralis
Charp. ; 3. dubia Vander Lind. ; 4. albifrons Burm. ; 5. caudalis
(,'harp. ; 6. oruata Britt. (^ caudalis CharjD.)
Dr. Brauer in his Verzeichniss der bis jetzt bekannten Neuropieren
im Siiine Liwie's, Zweiter Abschnitt (Verhdl. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell.
Wien, xviii, pp. 711-742, 1868) places the genus Leucorhinia in the
"Fourth Group" of the " Tribus Libellulina.'' This fourth Group
is characterized by having
The costal margin on the basal side of the nodus entire, suture between the
eyes short, triangles equally placed, i. e. those of the hind wings reaching as far
outwards as the middle cellt of the forewings.
The genus Leucorhinia belongs to the second section of the fourth
group, which section includes those
Species with heart-shaped, almost entirely four-sided hind margin of the pro-
thorax, notched or broadly bilobed on the free margin ; only one, or at the most
two (then mostly uusymmetrical) cross veins in the middle cell. The triangle
of the hindwings reaches as far outwards as the end of the middle cell in the
forewings. Both triangles normal (i. e. the anterior side not broken). Vulva
mostly covered, when open the last segments are very short; hamules always
bifid. Eyes always united for a short distance. Claws with a tooth.
Lastly the genus Leucorhinia is itself characterized as follows :
Sectors of the arculus arising separated from a point. Hindwings broader at
the base. Membranule distinct. Triangle moderately wide. Eeticulation other-
wise as in Diplax. Less than ten autecui)itals; 2-3 discoidal rows. Lobe of pro-
thorax large, broad, bilobed. Abdomen slender, somewhat shorter than the
wings, more or less widened in the male, somewhat thicker at the base. Geni-
talia little prominent, vulva covered, the valve often shrunken. Sides of the
eighth segment not widened.
Dr. Brauer included in Jjeucorhinia the fjllowing s])ecies : pecto-
ralis, dubia, rubicunda, albifrons, caudalis, intacta, Jiudsonlca, elisa
Hag., amanda Hag., ornata Ramb. and 2 sp. Ind. Orient.
* In February, 1890, Dr. Hagen sent me the MS. of this paper and the accom-
panying figures (see PI. x) with permission to publish the same. With his con-
sent, I have made some additions to his paper. These are enclosed in brackets
[], and for them I alone am responsible. — Philip P. Calvert.
t Median space, espace median, lower basal cell, of other authors.
230 H. A. HAGEN.
Dr. Hagen, in the "Synopsis of the Odonata of America" (Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xviii, pp. 20-96, 1875) referred elisa to Ce.li-
themis (as previously indicated by Walsh), and amanda and ornata to
Diplax.
Mr. W. F. Kirby, in his " Revision of the Subfamily Libellulina"
(Trans. Zool. Soc. London, xii, part 9, pp. 249-348, pis. li-lvii, 1889),
places ' elisa, amanda and ornata in Celitheynis ; albifroiis, pectoralis,
dubia, ruhicunda, hudsonica and intacta in Leueorhinia, and caudalis
in Cmnotiata (Buch.)
The genus Leueorhinia as here understood, is equivalent to the
combined genera Leueorhinia and Ceenotiata of Kirby, or to the
Lencorhinia of Brauer with the omission of the species elisa et seq.^
PI. X, fig. 8, shows the right hamulus of ijitoeto drawn from below,
the insect turned over. The whole part in the middle, m, is pale
membranaceous, and in ruhicunda is often inflated. The branch a
is movable, and is always entirely shut down when the penis is visible
between the two hamuli of the right and left sides. This arrange-
ment of the hamulus, which is indeed rather peculiar, is a character
of the genus Leueorhinia, and excludes the species put in by Dr.
Brauer {elisa etseq.). The anterior branch of the hamules, a, is
represented in d, as seen from the side, and is apparently very different.
[Elisa, amanda and ornata differ from the other species also by
having the pterostigma proportionately longer and narrower; in
elisa and amanda the last antecubital (antenodal) of the forewings
is not continuous.
The genus Jjeucorhinia thus defined comprises eleven known spe-
cies, viz. : 1. fr/ec^ra Miill. (caitcZaZ/s Charp.) 2. albifrons ^nvm. ; 3.
frigidaYlvL^.] 4. pectoralis Charp. ; 5. borealis Hag.; 6. rubicanda
Linn. ; 7. proxima fHag. MS.) Calvert ; 8. hudsonica Selys ; 9. dubia
Vander Linden ; 10. glacialis Hag. ; 11. intacta Hag.]
1. l.eucoi'liiiiia triedra Miiller.
[Northern, Eastern and Central Europe. — Selys.*]
I am convinced that for caudalis Charp. the name triedra Miiller
should be accepted. Li 1850, neither Baron de Selys nor I had
studied Miiller' s work thoroughly, and I at least did not know the
varieties of caudalis as well as in later times. Miiller' s description
(Nova Acta Nat. Curios., iii, p. 129) agrees entirely with all the
varieties and cannot be applied to any other species. The only ob-
■•■ The geographical distribution of the European species is, according to Barou
de Selys- Longchamps' Odonates de I'Asie Mineure et Revision de ceu:c des autres
parties de la Faune dite Europeenne (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., xxxi, pp. 1-85, 1887),
p. 75.— P. P. C.
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTEKA. 231
jectiou we can make against the name triedra is that we have been
accustomed for fifty years to caudalis — from not having studied
Miiller's work.
2. Leucorliiiiia albifroiis Burmeister.
[Northern and Eastern Euroj^e ; Switzerland ; Vosges Mountains.
— Selys.]
3. Lreiicorhiuia frigida u. sp.
Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xviii, p. 79, 1875 (no descrip-
tion).
S 9 Massachusetts; % N. Red River, British America; Ontario;
Dakota. This is the smallest species excejDt kudsonica, and seems to
be rare.
Length 30 mm. Alar expanse 45 mm. Pterostigma 1.5 mm.
Abdomen 19 mm. Inferior wing 22 mm.
'^ . — Front white, labrum yellowish white, labium black, vertex aud occiput
black; head behind and thorax with whitish hairs; thorax pale olive-brown,
with two black spots near the legs, but much darker in the adult male. Abdo-
meu of the form of albifrons, black ; segments 1-3 pale olive-brown, except the
extreme apex of 3; the basal half of dorsal suture of 6 and 7 with a narrow
yellow stripe; adult male with segments 1-4 entirely covered by bluish white
powder. Legs black.
Superior appendages black, pointed, with about five tubercles below (PI. x, fig.
7). Inferior appendage black, elongated, narrowed to tip, a little emarginate
(PI. X, fig. 2). Hamulus wide open, basal branch thin, directed backwards.
Wings hyaline, venation black, costa and some parts after pterostigma yellow-
ish. Anterior wings with a very small black basal spot in subcostal and median
spaces ; posterior wings with similar spots, but larger, the one in the median space
sending a branch along the border of the wing to form a triangular spot, which
is emarginate (PI. x, fig. 17). One male has the wings a little yellowish at base.
Pterostigma oblong, brown, a little paler on both sides; 7 antecubitals, 7 post-
cubitals.
9. — Similar; labium white on both sides; abdomen broader, segment 2 above
with a large, round, yellow spot, 4-8 with dorsal spots narrowing behind, the
last three only short, narrow bands. Appendages black. Vulvar lamina half as
long as the 9th segment, bifid to base, valves sharply pointed (PL x, fig. 20).
This species differs from the others by : first, its small size ; second,
the more elongated pterostigma ; third, the inferior appendage of the
% and the vulva of the 9 . I think I have seen more specimens,
and from other States, but the numerous faunal lists are not yet
tabulated.
4. lieucorhiiiia pectoralis Charpentier.
[Northern and Central Europe. — Selys.]
5. Lieucorliiiiia borealis u. sp.
Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii, j). 78, 1875 (no descrij)-
tion).
232 H. A. HAGEN.
Six males and tour females from Saskatchewan River and Fort
Resolution, Hudson's Bay Territory by Kennicott. Abdomen 27
ram. Hindwing 30 mm.
This s|)ecies is intermediate between pedoralis and rubicunda. Of
pedoraUs it has the stature, the somewhat brighter colors, and the
vulva of the female. Otherwise it is decidedly very near to rubi-
cunda by the wings and the thinner abdomen. PI. x, fig. 10, shows
the hamulus, viewed from the side. In rubicunda the membrane m.
is inflated in lifetime, and in some specimens after death. This shape
is figured by me in the " Revue des Odonates" PI. 1. I have not
seen such inflation in the other four European species even when
alive. All my figures represent the hamulus opened, as it is when
no copulation is in progress, — the regular position. But as I stated
before, the basal branch (I have marked the articulation) can be
shut in just as the blade of a pocket-knife. I have, for comparison,
given the figure (PL x, fig. 11) of the hamulus of rubicunda when
the membrane is not inflated.
The " piece anterieure" of borealis is similar to that of rubicunda ;
the long pointed brush of hairs, always present in pedoralis, is want-
ing in borealu. The vulva of the female (PI. x, fig. 21) decides the
difference between borealis and rubicuuda. But there is another
difference : borealk, both male and female, has always a large red
spot on the dorsum of the eighth abdominal segment, just as on the
seventh and preceding segments. Rubicunda and pedoralis never
have this spot.
6. Licucorhiiiia riibieuiida Linne.
[Northern and Central Europe; Northern Asia. — Selys.]
I have again com[)ared the male rubicxinda from AVilni, Siberia.
As I have stated long ago, I find no difference, except the shape of
the inferior appendage (PI. x, fig. 5), which may be after all a dif-
ferent variety.
7. l<eueorliiiiia proxiina (Hagen M.S.) Calvert.
[Hagen, Proc Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, xviii, p. 79, 1875 (no descrip-
tion). Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvii, p. 38, pi. v, figs. 5, 6,
1890. Leucorhinia perversa Hagen, MS.
I have described only the niale, my types being from Manchester,
Kennebec County, Me., and Pictou, Nova Scotia. Dr. Hagen's types
of perversa, at one time supposed by him to be a distinct species,
were three males from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and one male from
Massachusetts. In 1875, Dr. Hagen also indicated proxima from
the White Mountains of New Hampshire.]
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 233
Three males, one from British America, high up, the otliers from
Victoria, Vancouver's Island. Abdomen 21-62 mm., hind wing 25-
27 mm.
This species is near to rubicimda.
All three males with labium entirely black. Abdomen a little covered with
whitish blue powder, on the under side only; segment 2 with a large i-ounded
yellowish dorsal spot; 3 yellow to the suture, and a narrower yellowish spot
beneath the suture; dorsal crest of 4 and 7 with a faint yellowish line (PI. x,
fig. 1).
I have looked through my whole collection for the female, and I
believe that three females from Loon Lake, Colvillo Valley, State of
Washington, collected by myself July 23, 1882, belong to this spe-
cies. This locality is just as far off from Vancouver Island and
from the border of British America. I caught together with them
one 9 of intncta, very easily to be recognized by the vulva.
9. — Abdomen 22 mm., hindwing 24 mm., pterostigma 2 mm. (a little longer
than in the % ).
Labium, its lobes and labrum, black. Abdomen having segment 2 with a large,
round, yellow spot, sides below yellow ; segment 3 yellow to suture, and a smaller
spot after suture ; 4-7 with a narrow yellow dorsal band on the basal half of
crest. Appendages black. Vulva with two short approximated tubercles (PI. x,
fig. 22) (similar to L. rubicunda). Wings as in the male.
8. Lieueorliinia liudsouica Selys.
\_Libelhda hudsonica Selys, Revue des Odonates, p. 53, 1850.
Dlplax hudsonica Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 180, 1861.
Leucorhinia hudsonica Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii,
p. 78, 1875.
Leucorhinia Ho.geni Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvii, p. 36,
pi. V, figs. 2, 3, 4, 10, 1890. Ent. News, I, p. 73, 1890.]
Lake Winnipeg; Saskatchewan River and Ft. Resolution, Hudson
Bay Territory; Massachusetts; [Pictou, Nova Scotia.]
I have tried to make a thorough study of hudsonica and dubia.
Of the first, I have before me fourteen specimens, of the latter thirty-
seven. The size of both species varies.
The specimens of dubia are usually larger, except one female from
Braunsberg, East Prussia, whose hindwing is 22 ram. long. Hud-
sonica has the hindwing 20-24 mm., abdomen 20 mm.
At first I thought that the form of the valves of the female,
" presque quadrangulaires, rapproches," in diihia was deciding; but
a careful study of the seventeen females shows a remarkable differ-
ence in dead, dry specimens. I have never had more than one live
specimen in my hands and it was somewhat young. It is the same
which I have figured and described, and it is still before me. It is
from Gilgenau, East Prussia (PI. x, fig. 19A), and it agrees with my
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (30) JULY. 1890.
234 H. A. HAGEN.
figvre and description ; one specimen from Umea (fig. 19D) is similar.
The next to it is the specimen from Luneburg (fig. 19C). All the
others show the valves to be more or less shrnnken, or bent, or sepa-
rated, especially in the Kiel specimen (fig. 19B). Now, there can
be no doubt that all these different forms (see PI. x, fig. 19) are the
consequence of the shrinking after death ; and they may also result
even when the females have copulated and deposited the eggs, as I
have ascertained in several specimens.
Mv first figure of the valvules of hudsonica (fig. 18A) is to be com-
pared with the first of diibia "lobes rap])roches, oblonges, tronques
au bout obliquement (fig. 19A)," the second (fig. 18B) to the last
ones of dubia.
The hamules of both species are similar, but to be separated by
the black, polished, triangular projection, x, triangular in dubia
(fig. 12), narrower at base and larger on tip in hudsonica (fig. 18).
The appendages of the males of the two species differ. Dubia
has the inferior appendage only half as long as the superioi's, the tip
of which is crenated. Hudsonica has the inferior appendage pro-
portionately longer, reaching the obliquely truncated inferior tip of
the superiors.
The pattern and coloring of the two species vary much, but hud-
sonica has in some specimens of both sexes a spot on the 8th ab-
dominal segment, which I never saw in dubia. The color of the
labiu:n varies much in hudsonica, in .so far as the external margin,
in the feuiale, is pale and sometimes connected with a large white
spot, as in the male.
I think hudsonica can be retained as a different species.
9. Lieiicorliinia dubia Vander Linden.
[Northern and Central Europe. — Selys.]
10. Lieucorliinia glacialis n. sp.
[Hagen, Proc Bost. Soc Nat. Hist., xviii, p. 79, 1875. No de-
scription.]
This species is related to intacta. I have sixteen males before me
from Massachusetts ; Cape Breton, Nova Scotia ; London, Ontario ;
jNIichipicoten on Lake Superior ; and Reno, Nevada (Mr. Morrison,
1878). [Elsewhere in his MS. Dr. Hagen refers to a male glacialis
from the White Mts. of New Hampshire, collected by Morrison.]
% ■ — Abdomen 23-25 mm. Hindwing 24-27 mm.
Labium milk-white; labium and lobes black ; thorax with a large yellow baud,
sometimes contracted after base. Wings as in intacta. Abdomen black, segmeut
2, and 3 to suture and a triangular spot after suture, yellowish brown ; no spots
or lines on 7 or 8 ; one specimen just out of the nymph, its colors not yet finished.
NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 235
has on the dorsal crest at the base of 7 and 8, a small yellowish streak. Appen-
dages similar, inferior (PI. x, fig. 3) as in proxhnn. PI. x, fig. 14, shows side view
of hamulus; the end 6 with strong bristles. The "piece anterieure" is without
any tubercles.
I do not know the female. The only female from Reno belongs
to intada f
11. Lieuvorhinia iiitacta Hagen.
\_Diplax intada Hagen, Syn. Neiir. N. Am. p. 179, 1861.
Walsh, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1862, p. 400.
Leucorhinia intada Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii, p.
78, 1875.
Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvii, p. 39, pi. v, figs. 1, 7, 8,
9, 1890.]
Canada; Maine; Massachusetts; [Pennsylvania] ; Ohio ; Illinois ;
Michigan ; Wisconsin ; [South Dakota] ; Nevada ; Washington
(State).
This species varies much in size and color.
Among the forty-seven males just carefully examined, the labium
is entirely black only in five specimens. It is more or less white in
the other forty-two specimens. In one-third of these forty-two the
labium is black with the external half of the lobes white (PI. x, fig.
15A) in another third, only the ajjical half of the external half of
the lobes is white (fig. 15B) ; in the remaining third the white spot
is smaller, usually not reaching the tip of the lobe (fig. 15C), and less
well defined, sometimes even to be recognized with difficulty. The
five males with black labia are all from different localities, East or
West, or Middle States, and from the same localities with the white-
marked ones. I collected in Massachusetts, on the same day and at
the same place, males with entirely dark labia and also those with
the outer half of the lobe white. Further, the black ones do not
belong to older specimens. Indeed, the half white ones are as old as
the others. But the young males with colors not yet complete, have
labium and lobes pale throughout.
The labrum is white, but sometimes more or less blackish in the
middle.
On the abdomen, even of very dark males, a twin yellow spot is
usually visible on segment 7.
Inferior appendage of the male widely emarginate, bifid (fig. 6) ;
it varies much, as it is more or less emarginate, its branches more or
less diverging and more or less pointed (I had formerly called such
an exaggei'ated form L. spilosa).
The male has on each side of the '' piece anterieure" of the second
segment [anterior lamina], an oval, elevated, black tubercule, flat, en-
236 H. A. HAGEN.
tlrely covered with black spines, which character separates this species
from all others (fig. 16).
Length of abdomen of the male 20-24 mm., hindwing 21-29 mm.
The average dimensions of Massachusetts specimens are mostly near
the smaller nunibers, of the Western specimens near the larger.
Vulva with two distant lobes, and behind them two accessory palps
in the middle of the segment (fig. 23).
The basal spot on hind wing is small and emarginate below; all
the others are only beginning (seen with strong lens). The wings
of the female vary much more, the triangular spot on hindwings is
sometimes larger, also in subcostal space, and in the forewings more
or less long, sometimes divided into two transversal spots, the wings
sometimes yellow to triangle or farther, and sometimes smoky.
This species is the most common of its genus in the Northern parts
of the United States. I have not seen it, however, from the Colorado
Mountains where Diplax scotica flies.
o
I possess the nymphte of pectoralis and triedra raised by myself,
and of dubia raised by Heyer. The nympha of triedra differs from
the others and is nearer to Cordiilia. The descriptions are not yet
published. I think that I have also the nympha of intacta.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
Fig. 1. — Pattern of coloring of abdomen of Leucorhinia pi'oxima.
" 2. — Inferior apjiendage of L. frigida %; 2A, its tip.
" 3.— " of L. glacialis %.
" 4. — " of L. proxima % .
" 5. — '■ of L. rubicunda % from Wilui, Siberia.
" 6. — " of L. intacta % .
'• 7. — Appendages of L. frigida % , viewed from the side.
" 8. — Hamule of L. intacta % , viewed from below.
" 9. — " of L. proxima % (form perversa), viewed from below.
•' 10. — " of L. horealis % , viewed from the side.
'• 11. — " of L. rabiciuida % , viewed from the side.
'• 12. — " of L. dubia % , viewed from the side.
" 1.3. — " of L. hudsmiica % , viewed from the side.
" 14. — " of L. glacialis % , viewed from the side.
" 15. — .-1, B. C. Three patterns of coloring of labium of L. intacta % .
" 1 6. — Tubercules on the "jiiece auterieure" of L. intacta % .
" 17. — Base of hindwing of L. frigida.
" 18. — A, B. Valves of L. hudsonica f.
" 19.—A-F. " of L. dubia 9 .
" 20.— '• of L. frigida 9 .
" 21. — " of L. borealis 9 •
" 22. — " of L. proxima 9 •
" 23.— " of /.. intacta 9 .
a, basal branch of hamule.
6, apical branch of hamule.
art, articulation of basal branch.
m, membrane lining the hamule.
X, triangular polished projection.
a, (figs. 8, 9) basal branch of hamule, separated and viewed from side
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 237
Notes ou some HYDROBIIBfl of Boreal America.
BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The genera and species of this tribe, as far as they were then
know to nie, were made the subject of a study and the results pub-
lished in Proceedings Anier. Philos. Soc. 1873, pp. 118-137. The
basis of this work was furnished by the collection of Dr. LeConte,
together with my own, so that the species were represented in most
cases by fair series of specimens with very few uniques. Since that
time but three species have been described, although numerous col-
lections have been made, adding greatly to our series of those known.
In the generic division, adoj^ted in the above-mentioned paper, a
very conservative course was followed, and only those genera which
had received the sanction of Lacordaire and the authors of the
" Catalogus" were recognized. Numerous subdivisions of Hydro-
bius and Philydrus had been proposed, notably by Mulsant and
Thomson, which were not viewed with much favor at the time of
my essay. In 1870 (Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 373), Dr. Sharp added to our
knowledge of some of these genera by amplifying the diagnoses and
illustrating them b}^ some well executed detail sketches drawn by
Mr. Rye, although he did not at the time seem to have a thorough
conviction of the validity of the greater number of them.
In 1881, Mr. Bedel (Faune du Bassiu de la Seine) admits the
validity of Paracymus and Anacsena of Thomson, and Helochares
of Mulsant, at the same time suggesting two new genera : Crenitis,
separated from Hydrobius and Cymbiodyta from Philydrus.
More recently Dr. Sharp has studied the species of the Central
American fauna (Biol. Cent. Am. 1, 2) with the result of adding
Metacymus, Sindolus, Chasmogenus and Hydrocombus, the first
being related to the small Hydrobius forms, the last three to Phily-
drus. He has not admitted any of the genera into which Hydro-
bius had been divided.
The object of the present paper is to give the the results of a study
of the species in our fauna in their relation to the genera which have
been proposed by the various authors above cited and at the same
time it is hoped to define the species more sharply by the important
aid afforded by vastly increased material and the discovery in them
of sexual characters which have proven of great utility.
238 GEO. H. HORN.
The tribe Hydroliiini has been restricted by Bedel to Laecobius,
Philydrus and Hydrobius, together with any subdivisions of the last
two. Helopeltis may be removed by the form of the head (PI. iv,
rig. 21) and concealed labrum. Dr. Sharp observes that the anterior
coxal cavities are closed behind, while in the other genera they are
open.
The present study is practically narrowed to the species formerly
considered by me as belonging to Pliilydrus and Hydrobius, and as
any genera which follow are dismemberments from these, the discus-
,sion is best begun by giving the characters separating them :
Terminal joint of maxillary palpus rarely as long, usually shorter than the pre-
ceding joint PHILYDRUS.
Terminal joint of ma.\-illary palpus always longer than the preceding joint.
HYDROBIUS.
It will be observed in all the species of Hydrobius as above de-
rined, that the terminal joint of the maxillary palpus always bends
inward toward the other joints and in the same plane as is usual
with palpi generally, but in Philydrus the terminal joint is so articu-
lated that it bends downward as well, and is less inclined to bend
toward the mouth.
The aggregate above separated as Philydrus has been divided into
six jiarts, defined by the following chai'acters, which, for convenience,
are reduced to a tabular form.
Tarsi .o-jointed on all the feet 2.
Tarsi 4-jointed on the middle and hind feet 4.
2. — Second joint of maxillary palpi* curved with the convexity to the front;
mesosternuiu laminate PHILYDRUS.
Second joint curved witii the convexity posterior 3.
3. — Mentum with anterior horderentire ; mesosternum with median longitudinal
lamina; elytra without sutural stria SINDOLUS.
Mentum with a slight notcht at middle ; mesosternum not carinate: elytra
striate or not HELOCHARES.
Mentum regularly impressed at middle, the middle of the anterior l)order
deeply semicircularly emarginate ; mesosternum prominent in a longitu-
dinal manner along the middle; sutural stria distinct.-CHASMOGENUS.
4.— Mesosternum with a slight transverse elevation, a little in front of the coxie ;
prothorax without basal marginal Hue; elytra with sutural stria.
HYDROCOMBUS.
Mesosternum longitudinally carinate ; prothorax without basal niargiiial line ;
elytra with .sutural stria CYMBIODYTA.
* Called for convenience in the subsequent pages "pseudo-basal joint."
t " But the structure of the neighboring parts renders this character very
difficult of verification (Sharp, Biol, i, 2, p. 74)."
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 239
In the i>rece(ling table all those characters have been introduced
which seem to have been deemed of importance by Dr. Sharp or
Mr. Bedel, the object of the tabular arrangement being to avoid
unnecessary repetition and to render the genera more easily compre-
hensible in their mutual relations.
To the acute observation of Dr. Sharp we owe the discovery of
two really important characters — the structure of the tai'si and the
form of the pseudo-basal joint of the maxillary palpi.
In all the members of the tribe Hydrobiini the first joint of the
middle and hind tarsi is very short and not easily observed, but in,
two of the above genera the first joint has entirely disappeared,
having, doubtless, become completely fused with the second without
trace of suture.
The curving of the pseudo-basal joint of the maxillary palpus
with the convexity forward in Philydrus and the reverse in other
genera, is a well marked character of great utility after those species
are removed from consideration which have heteromerous tarsi, as in
several Cymbiodyta that joint is quite straight.
The genus Fhilydrus as limited above, seems to be a very homo-
geneous assemblage of species, all of them having a well marked
mesosternal lamina (with exception of ochracens), while several
have the prosternum more or less carinate. It is well to observe
here that Pliilydrus is the only genus with a well marked mesosternal
lamina, as in all the other genera in which a mesosternal prominence
exists the form is traceable in its derivation to a transverse ridge
(PL iii,fig. 18).
Philydrus is the most numerously represented genus in our fauna
and contains all those referred to it in my former paper, excepting
those hereafter mentioned.
Sindolus Sharp is not represented in our fauna.
Helochares Muls., as restricted by Sharp and Bedel, is represented
by maculicollis.
Chasmogenus Sharp, with the mesosternum merely protuberant
and the meutum semicircularly emarginate in front, is represented
by nurinatus, in whicli, however, the emargination of the mentum is
rather less than the description of Dr. Sharp indicates, and there is
no smooth submental area. The prominence of the mesosternum is
variable, individually, as has been observed by Dr. Sharp, in some
being merely an obtuse protuberance, in others quite acute, so that,
as he observes, there is really a rudiment of a lamina. Notwith-
240 GEO. H. HORN.
standing the fact that our species possesses the essential characters
of Chasmogenus, even to its manner of niesosternal variation, I am
disposed to place it with Helochares, the more so as it resembles very
closely the species already placed there. While I am not prepared
to say that Chasmogenus should be suppressed (not having seen a
typical species), I am rather disinclined to admit the name in our
fauna for a species which has all its essential characters.
The genera which follow in the table, Cymhiodyta and Hydrocombus,
are well separated from the others by the 4-jointed middle and hind
•tarsi. These two genera are said to differ in the structure of the
mesosternum. To Dr. Sharp I am indebted for the species ty|)ical
of Cymbiodyta {rnarglnella Fab.), although Bedel mc\w.6ie^ jimbriata
in it. An examination of our species and marginella shows plainly
what has already been indicated, that all the forms of niesosternal
protuberance, except in Philydrus are derivations from a transverse
ridge. In our fauna the simplest form is seen in lacustris, from which
the ridge first becomes longer, then arched, then elevated in its mid-
dle, so that Avhen viewed directly from behind the ridge is in form
like A, the entire elevation being somewhat pyramidal in form.
These variations are illustrated on PI. iii, fig. 18, a, b, c, d, e. I
have, therefore, no hesitation in asserting that Hydrocombus cannot
be separated from Cymbiodyta. To Cymbiodyta should be referred
all those species formerly placed by me in Helochares, except macu-
UcoUis.
On the other hand one of our species with the tarsal structure of
Cynibiodyta cannot be referred to it. The mesosternum in front of
the coxa? is elevated in a rather .slender, compressed conical process,
and the claw^s are abruptly dilated in the male at base, less in female.
The jialpi are also very long and slender. For the species bifidus
Lee. I propose the generic name Helocombus.
The genera which are known to occur in our fauna and seem en-
titled to recognition are as follows :
Tarsi S-jointed on all the feet.
Pseudo-basal joint of maxillary palpus curved with the convexity anteriorly;
mesosternum with a longitudinal lamina ; tarsal claws toothed in male
with few exceptions Philydrus.
Pseudo-basal joint curved with the convexity posteriorly; mesosternum, at
most, feebly protuberant; tarsal claws simple Helocliares.
Tarsi 4-jointed on the middle and posterior feet ; pseudo-basal joint of maxillary
palpus either straight or slightly curved posteriorly.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 241
Mesosteruum with a feeble transverse carina, sometimes elevated at middle
forming a slight pyramidal protuberance ; maxillary palpi not longer than
uiPhilydrns; tarsal claws simple C'ymbiodyta
Mesosternum with a compressed conical process; maxillary palpi long and
slender; claws broadly toothed at base in male, less in female.
Helocottibiis.
PHILYDRUS Sol.
The characters of this genus have been so often and so well given,
that It is not necessary to dwell further at this time on tho'^e by
means of which the genus may be known from others to which it is
most closely related. Some few points will be alluded to here in
order to avoid their frequent repetition in the specific descriptions.
Each species seems to be invariable in color, excepting such ap-
parent variation as may be due either to evident immaturity or the
mode of preparation for the cabinet. The five following-mr/na^».9
cuspidatm, ductus, comors and perplexm are ti-uly piceous in color'
the others are various shades, usually called testaceous, with the
qualifying adjectives piceo, brunneo or pale, according to the species
or specimen.
The sculpture consists of a punctuation, very regularly disposed
over the surface, which is never coarse, nor is it ever densely placed
the distance between the punctures being at least their own diameter
and sometimes more, but in cmctus it is rather closer than usual.
On the head in front of and within each eye is an arcuate row of
coarser punctures. ^J^he thorax has two series on each side of coarse
punctures, one beginning near the front angle arching inward and
backward toward the middle, the other row transverse beginnino- at
the middle of the lateral margin. At the base of the thorax Is 'a
fine marginal line very well marked in all the species, except nebu-
losus, cmctus and ochmceus, where it is extremely faint or entirely
absent.
The elytra have four rows of coarser punctures, that one nearest
the side margin is very irregular and contains the most punctures
the three rows between this and the suture are more regular and with
fewer and more distant punctures. In some species these series are
very indistinct. All the species have the sutural stria well impi-essed
from the apex three-fourths to base, where it is gradually evanescent.
PI. iii, fig. 2.
Sexual sti-uctures have been observed in nearlv all oui- species of
such an obvious nature that it is remarkable that no mention has
been made of them. In nearly all of our species the males have at
TRAN.S. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (31) j^LY, 1890.
242 GEO. H. HORN.
least one of the claws of the front tarsus distinctly toothed at base,
and in reflexipennis, diffusus and HamiUoni, the tooth is so large, and
in the last two so everted, that when the tarsus is seen directly from
above it seems tridactyle. As there are differences between nearly
all the species these will be more fully alluded to in their proper
place.
Failure to notice the sexual characters led me, in 1873, to attach
too great importance to the form of the mesosternal lamina in the
separation of species. It is now known that the form of tlie lamina
is by no means constant in a series of specimens, nor is it of the same
form in the sexes. As a rule the males have the more prominent
lamina, the angle more prominent and the anterior edge more ob-
lique, while in the female the angle approaches more nearly a right
angle by the front edge being more nearly vertical. This is well
illustrated in the various forms observed in nehuloms. Profile views
are given of all the laminae drawn in every instance from the male.
In those testaceous species with black head it will be observed that
the male has usually the anterior half of the head pale while in the
female the head is entirely piceous, except a triangular space before
each eye.
All our species are entirely piceous and opaque beneath, the femora
are also opaque, densely punctured and pubescent, except for a short
distance at apex.
The differences in the structure of the maxillary palpi afford the
means of subdividing the genus into two primary groups, as follows :
Last two joiuts of maxillary palpi nearly equal in length. ..S. G. ENOCHRUS.
Last joint always shorter than the third S. G. PHILYDRUS.
ENOCHRUS Thonis.
This subgenus contains in our fauna three species, two of which
have the prosternum longitudinally carinate.
Prosternum carinate.
Entirely piceous, tarsi alone pale ; anterior claw of male slightly angnlate at
base cariiiatus.
Thorax, elytra, tibiae and tarsi pale rufo-testaceous, head and under side pice-
ous; anterior claw of male very distinctly toothed Fiieatus.
Prosternum not carinate.
Piceous, sides of head and thorax pale CiispiUatiiS.
But one other species, hicolor Payk, of Northern Europe is known ;
our species are from the Western side of the continent and still
further illustrate the relationship, which has already been alluded to,
between the faun?e of the Pacific region and Europe.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 243
PHILYDRUS Sol.
The remainder of our species belong to this series. One only is
peculiar to California, the others are Eastern, although one-half of
them extend in their distribution across the continent to California.
The species may be arranged in the following manner :
Prosternuni distinctly cariiiate iiebtilosiis.
Prosteraum not cariuate.
Mesosternal lamina very feeble oeliraceiis.
Mesosternal lamina well developed and with a distinct angular projection.
Anterior claws of male not distinctly toothed, although with a basal angula-
tion : piceons species 2.
Anterior claws, at least, well toothed in male; species more or less testaceous
(except consors) .3.
2. — Subdepressed species, sides of elytra gradually obliquely descending ; basal
marginal line of thorax always distinct; claws of male scarcely
broader at base perplexus.
Transversely very convex, sides of elytra almost vertical ; basal marginal
line extremely indistinct; front claw of male slightly angulate at
base ciiK'tU!^.
.3. — The front (or inner) claw of \anterior tarsus of male alone toothed.
Entirely piceous, transversely very convex, sides nearly vertical ; large
species coiisors.
Brownish testaceous, head alone piceous; broadly oval, sul)de]iressed
.species caliroriiicus.
At least one claw on each tarsus of male toothed.
Head more or less piceous.
Thorax with large discal piceous space Huiniltoiii.
Thorax entirely testaceous (lifTiisui^.
Head and entire upper surface testaceous reflexipeiiilis.
The species of this genus are peculiarly distributed. Of those
l)elonging to the section Enochrus, two are restricted to the Pacific
coast region (carinatus, cuspidatus), the third (fucatus) is from the
adjacent regions of Utah and Arizona. Of Philydrus proper but
one { calif ornicus) is restricted to the West coast, all the rest may be
considered Atlantic region species, although several extend across
the continent to California and Oregon.
, I*, carinatus Lee. — Oblong oval, slightly narrower in front, pitchy black,
shining, sides of thorax sometimes a little paler, surface comparatively coarsely
and closely punctate, the elytra with the usual series of coarser punctures, in
which, however, the punctures are few. Thorax with an arcuate row of coarse
punctures which begins near the front angles, extending toward the middle, a
second series extending transversely inward from the middle of the lateral mar-
gin. Body beneath black. Legs black, the tarsi above pale. Length .20 inch. ;
5 mm. PI. iii, fig. 7.
244 GEO. H. HORN.
The prosternal carina is feebly elevated, except in front, where it is prolonged
in a short dentiform process. The mesosternal lamina is broadly triangular, the
lower edge oblique to the axis of the body, the anterior edge also oblique, the
angle acute, sometimes slightly dentiform.
The males have both the anterior chiws similarly dilated at base,
but not forming a distinct tooth, the middle claws less dilated, the
posterior simple. In the female the front claws are very slightly
broader at base, the middle and posterior simple.
One 9 specimen in my cabinet has the legs entirely rufo-testace-
ous, but does not seem to differ in any important structural charac-
ters, and while it may indicate a distinct species, it is retained here
until a similar male is found.
Occurs in Oregon and California.
P. fucatus Horn. — Oblong oval, distinctly narrower in front, moderately
convex, yellowish testaceous or ochraceous, head entirely piceous black, body
beneath black, tibise and tarsi pale. Thorax finely, moderately closely punctate,
the anterior oblique row of larger punctures distinct, the transverse series indis-
tinct. Elytra a little less closely punctate than the thorax, jiunctures less im-
pressed, but a little more distant and coarser toward the apex, the punctures of
the usual larger series indistinct. Length .20 — .22 inch. ; 5—5.5 mm. PI. iii,
fig. 10.
The prosternal carina is well elevated at the anterior end. The mesosternal
carina horizontal beneath, nearly vertical and slightly sinuous in front, the free
angle slightly mucronate.
Front claws of male equal, each rectangularly toothed, middle
claws toothed, posterior claws broadened at base. In the female the
front claw is like the middle claw of the male, the middle claw
slightly thickened at base, the posterior claw simj)le.
The surface is quite shining, as if varnished. In the few speci-
mens examined it seems not to vary appreciably.
Occurs in Utah and Arizona.
P. cuspidatus Lee. — Oval, slightly oblong, a little narrower in front,
moderately convex, piceous black, sides of thorax distinctly, of elytra very in-
distinctly paler. Head black, a large pale space in front of each eye, moderatelj'
closely punctate, with the usual arcuate series of coarser punctures. Thorax
piceous, sides paler, the same color extending narrowly along the apex, surface
moderately coarsely and closely punctate, more finely at middle, the usual arcu-
ate and transverse series of coarser punctures. Elytra punctate similarly to the
thorax, but more coarsely and less closely near the apex, the usual series of coarse
punctures not well defined on the disc, but deep and coarse near the apex. Body
beneath piceous, opaque. Legs piceous, opaque, tibise and tarsi paler. Length
.14 inch. ; 3.5 mm.
Prosternum not carinate, mesosternum with a stout lamina, the lower e<ljie
horizontal and sinuous, the apex mucronate.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 245
The only specimen before me is a male in not good condition,
enough remains to show that on the front feet the claws are dilated
at base, but not formincr a distinct tooth, the middle claws less dilated,
the posterior very feebly.
It is hardly to be wondei'ed at that this species should have been
referred to Hydrobius, considering its rather small size, and that the
last two joints of the palpi are of about equal length, although the
presence of a mesosternal lamina in place of a protuberance should
have been suggestive.
In the light of our present knowledge of the value of the form of
the pseudo-basal joint of the maxillary palpus and the presence of
the coarser series of punctures on the head, thorax and elytra, the
true position of the species becomes evident.
Although smaller, the species is cU)sely related to carinatus, differ-
ing from that in the absence of any prosternal carina. This, how-
ever, seems rather a variable structure, so that future collections may
show this to be merely a variation.
Occurs in the mountain regions of California near Lake Tahoe.
P. uebulosiis Say. — Oval, .slightly oblong, convex, shining, above variable*
from pale yellowish testaceous to brownish testaceous, head entirely piceons, ex-
cept a pale space in front of each eye, the clypeus of % usually paler than the
female. Thorax rather sparsely and indistinctly punctate, the punctures sepa-
rated by two or three times their own diameters, the arcuate and transverse
rows of coarser punctures very indistinct, basal marginal line either very indis-
tinct or absent. Elytra punctured similarly to the thorax, the punctures more
distant near the apex, the usual rows of coarser punctures scarcely discernible.
Body beneath piceous, opaque ; femora piceons, tibise and tarsi rufo-testaceous.
Length .14— .18 inch. ; 3.5—4 5 mm. PI. iii. fig. 13.
The presternum is distinctly carinate longitudinally, the carina more elevated
in front.
The mesosternal lamina is prominent, but somewhat variable in
form sexually and individually. In the male the lamina is some-
what triangular in form, the free edges oblique, the angle acute. In
the female the lamina is more nearly square, the lower edge slightly
oblique, the front either slightly oblique, or nearly vertical, the angle
sometimes slightly raucronate.
In the male the claws of the front feet are dissimilar, the anterior
claw having a moderate quadrangular tooth, the posterior simply
angulate at base. The claws of the middle feet are also dissimilar,
•■■ The variability in color seems due rather to the mode of collection and
preservation than to an actual difference in nature.
246 GEO. H. HORN.
the anterior cl%w being less distinctly toothed than the anterior claw
of the front foot, the posterior claw is also less angulate. The pos-
terior claws are more neai'ly alike, the apical ])orti()n being somewhat
irregular as in reflexlpennls, with a quadrangular tooth at base, which
is less developed on the posterior or inner claw.
The claws are similar on all the feet in the female, being more
slender than in the male and merely a little broadened at base.
The variation in color has already been alluded to as dependent
more on the mode of preparation than to any real difference in freshly
captured specimens. No specimen is ever truly piceous.
The punctuation varies to a degree which has caused the separa-
tion of forms unnecessarily. In Northern specimens (Canada) the
punctuation is well marked, although no specimens have been seen
in which there is any sharpness of definition or closeness of punctua-
tion seen in nearly all the other species. The more we approach the
warmer regions of the South (Arizona and California) the smoother
the specimens become, and in some of them it is nearly impossible
to detect any punctuation at all.
The rather small size of this species will enable it to be readily
known at a glance from the others, except the immature forms of
ochraceus, but the sternal structure will enable it to be separated.
The preceding remarks will explain the reason of uniting cristatus
and pedoralis with the present species. In my former essay these
were separated on the sculpture and form of mesosternal lamina,
which are now seen to be variable either from locality in the case of
.sculpture, or sexually in the form of the mesosternal lamina.
Several species described by Motschulsky are considered identical
latiusculus, obtimusculus and maciilifrons.
Zinnnermann (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii, p. 250) has placed nebu-
losus as a synonym of HijdropliUm pijgmceus Fab., described from
meridional America, without any good reason for so doing, although
the descrijjtion will not only fit this species, but quite a good number
of others within the limits of the Fabrician acceptation of Hydro-
philus.
Occurs from Canada and the N. E. States to Texas, Arizona and
California.
P. ocUraceus Mels. — Elliptical, less couvex, shiniug, pale piceous, or piceo-
testaceous, head always piceous with a paler space iu front of each eye, the cly-
peus of male paler. Thorax distinctly and moderately closely punctate, the
ai'cuate and transverse series of coarser punctures barely distinct, the basal mar--
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 247
ginal line very feebly indicated. Elytra punctured similarly to the thorax, the
pu!ictures more distant and a little coarser near the apex, the usual series of
larger punctures extremely indistinct. Body lieneath piceous opaque. Femora
piceous, tibise and tai'si rufo-testaceous. Length .14 — .16 inch.; 3.5 — 4 mm. Pi.
iii, fig. 14.
The raesosternal cariya is very feebly prominent, the anterior edge arcuate,
without distinct angle.
The claws iu both sexes are so nearly like those of nebv/osus that
it is unnecessary to describe them.
This species varies in color, and probably from the same causes as
have already been referred to in nebulosas. No specimen has been
seen of truly piceous color in the manner illustrated by cindus or
perplexus.
Occurs from Canada to Illinois and Florida. Dr. Sharp notes its
occurrence in Mexico.
P. i»er|»lexus Lee. — Oblong oval, fully twice as long as wide, piceous black,
shining, the sides of the thorax and elytra with paler border, a paler spot usually
in front of the eyes. Thorax closely punctate, the punctures finer at the middle
than at the sides, the arcuate and transverse rows of coarser punctures distinct
but not deeply impressed. 'Elytral punctuation coarser than the thorax, closer
toward the base, sparser and coarser toward apex, the usual series of larger punc-
tures feebly indicated. Body beneath and legs piceous, tarsi paler. Length .16--
.22 inch. ; 4 — 5.5 mm. PI. iii, fig. 6.
The mesosternal lamina is prominent, the lower edge slightly oblique, the an-
terior edge slightly sinuous and oblique, the free angle more or less mucronate.
The claws of the male are merely slightly broader at base and do
not differ from those of the female except in being a very little stouter.
Canada and New England States to Florida and Texas.
1'. ciiictus Say. — Oval, slightly oblong, very convex transversely, sides of
elytra nearly vertical, piceous black shining, the sides of thorax and elytra with
paler border. Thorax closely punctate, the oblique and transverse rows of coarser
punctures distinct, but feebly^impressed, basal marginal line, at best, feebly de-
veloped and never entire. Elytra a very little more coarsely, but less closely
punctured than the thorax, the usual rows of coarser punctures distinct, but
feebly impressed. Body beneath and legs black, the tarsi pale. Length .26 — .28
inch. ; 6.5 — 7 mm. PI. iii, fig. 5.
The raesosternal lamina is moderately thick, the lower edge horizontal, the
front edge nearly vertical, the free angle slightly mucronate. In the female the
anterior edge is more oblique.
The anterior claws of male have each an irregular basal dilatation, but not
forming a distinct tooth, the middle claws are less angulate and the posterior are
nearly simple. The anterior and middle claws of the female have a very feeble
l)asal dilatation, tiie posterior claws nearly simple.
248 GEO. H. HORN.
This species, from its facies, seems to be most closely allied to
consors, an association which is further indicated by the form of the
male organ, but the claws are not, properly speaking, toothed. For
the latter reason it is better associated with jierplexus, which has the
claws even less angulate at base.
Occurs from Cknada and the New England States westward to
Kansas and South to Georgia.
1*. consors Lee. — Oblong, black, shining, transversely very convex, sides
of elytra nearly vertical, undei'side and legs entirely black, tarsi slightly paler.
Thorax very finely punctate, smoother at the sides, the anterior oblique and the
median transverse row of coarse punctures vei'y well marked, basal marginal
line distinct in its entire length. Elytra a little more coarsely, but less closely
punctured than the thorax and more indistinct toward the apex, the usual rows
of coarser punctures indistinctly impressed. Length .28— .32 inch.; 7 — 8 mm.
PL iii, tig. 4.
The mesosternal lamina is triangular, the lower edge oblique to the axis of
the body, the front edge nearly vertical, free angle acute, but not mucronate.
The front claws of the male are very nearly alike, each being broadly toothed,
the free angle of the tooth acute, the middle and posterior claws are simply a
little broader at base. In the females the claws are simply a little broader at
base and less curved than in the male.
Resembles cinctus, but slightly more oblong in form, without a
paler border and with different mesosternal lamina and male claws.
Occurs in Louisiana and Florida (Schwarz).
P. califoriiicus n. sp. — Broadly oval, less convex, brownish testaceous,
head behind the suture piceous in both sexes, the clypeus pale % , or with a broad
median space piceous 9- Thorax moderately closely punctate, the arcuate and
transverse series feebly indicated, hind angles very obtuse. Elytra punctured
similarly to the thorax, but more sparsely near the apex, the usual series of
coarser punctures very faintly indicated. Body beneath opaque black. Femora
piceous, tibife and tarsi pale. Length .18— .20 inch. ; 4. .5 — 5 mm. PI. iii. fig. 8.
Mesosternal plate not prominent, the lower edge slightly oblique, the front
oblique, the angle not mucronate.
In the male the anterior claws are dissimilar, the front claw having a quad-
rangular dilatation at base, the posterior merely slightly broader. The middle
claws are equal and merely slightly angulate at base. The posterior claws are
equal and slightly broader at ba.se.
In the female the claws are alike on all the feet. They are more slender than
in the male, and very .slightly broadened at base.
Among the species with pale elytra, simple prosternuni and toothed
claws, the present species is known by its much broader and more
depressed form, and in the male by the claws being very feebly
toothed in comparison with what is observed in the other forms.
This species was formerly considered by me as lafiusculus Mots.
Occurs in California (probably northern).
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 249
P. Hainiltoili n. sxi.— Oblong oval, scarcely narrowed iu front, moderately
convex, above piceo-testaceous or pale brownish, head behind the suture piceous,
clypeus usually testaceous %, or broadly piceous at middle 9; thorax with an
indefinite, semi-circular space piceous, a small dark spot on each umbone. Thorax
not very closely punctate, smoother near the sides, the usual arcuate and trans-
verse series of coarser punctures extremely indistinct. Elytra a little more
coarsely punctured than the thorax, toward the apex more sparsely and less
deeply, the discal rows of coarser punctures scarcely discernible. Body beneath
and femora opaque black, the trochanters, tibite and tarsi testaceous. Length
.16— .22 inch. ; 4—5.5 mm. PI. iii, fig. 9.
The mesosternal lamina is moderately prominent, the lower edge horizontal,
the anterior edge vertical and sinuous, the angle distinctly mucronate.
The anterior pair of claws of the male are dissimilar, the front claw having a
long lobe-like, obtuse tooth at base, which is slightly everted, the hinder claw
rectangularly toothed. The middle pair of claws are similar, and each has a
broad rectangular tooth. The posterior claws are smaller, slightly irregular in
shape, each has an acute tooth at base smaller than in the middle claws. The
claws of the female are alike on all the feet, and are merely broadened at base.
This species might readily be mistaken for a larger reftexipennu
when recently captured specimens are compared, a resemblance
which is increased by a slight explanation of the sides of the elytra
near the apex. It will be observed, however, that in reflexipennis
the head is always entirely pale, as also the thorax, while in the
present species the posterior portion of head, at least, is piceous.
The darker disc of the thorax is present, with very rare exception,
wdiile in reflexipennis it is never so.
The characters observed in the male claws will certainly separate
the two species, while the more general characters above given must
be relied on for the other sex.
Occurs in Canada (Pettit), Massachusetts (Blanchard), the coast
of New Jersey (Hamilton), northern California and Oregon.
P. (liffiiSllS Lee. — Oblong oval, moderately convex, pale piceo-testaceous
above, head behind the frontal suture piceous or black, clypeus piceous at middle.
Thorax moderately closely punctate, the punctures coarser toward the side, the
arcuate and transverse rows of coarser punctures well marked. Elytra a little
more coarsely punctured than the thorax, the punctures somewhat coarser, but
less dense toward the apex, the usual rows of coarser punctures i-ather indis-
tinctly impressed. Body beneath and femora piceous opaque, tibiae and tarsi
pale. Length .18— .24 inch. ; 4.5—6 mm. PI. iii, fig. 11.
The mesosternal crest is prominent, the lower edge oblique, the anterior edge
oblique, the angle feebly mucronate.
The claws of the anterior male feet are dissimilar, the front claw having a
large lobe-like tooth at base, which is not in the same plane as the tip of the
tooth, so that when viewed directly from above the claw seems double, the pos-
terior claw is less curved and has a rectangular tooth at base. The claws of the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (32) JULY, 1890.
250 GEO. H. HORN.
middle aud hind feet are all very uearly alike, the tip of the claw being some-
what irregular, the tooth at base rectangular or slightly acute.
The claws of the female are more slender and less curved than the male, and
the base is merely slightly broadened without distinct tooth.
This species resembles Hamiltoni in foim and sculpture, and very
nearly in coloration; there is, however, no thoracic piceous space,
which seems to be (piite characteristic of Hamiltoni. The males of
the two species are distinguishable by the form of the claws, the tooth
of the anterior claw being much more everted here than in any other
species. As is usual with all pale species the head is much darker
in the female than in the male.
Occurs in Illinois, Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska and California.
P. refle.'KipeiiiiiN Zimm. — Oblong, subdepressed, sides of elytra especially
near the apex slightly explauate, color yellowish or pale piceo-testaceous, moder-
ately shining. Thorax moderately closely punctate, the anterior arcuate and
posterior transverse series of larger punctures scarcely evident. Elytra more
coarsely punctured than the thorax, less closely near the apex, the usual series
of larger punctures discernible, but indistinct. Body beneath and femora pice-
ous, tibiffi and tarsi pale. Length .14 — .18 inch ; 3.5 — 4.5 mm. PI. iii, fig. 12.
The mesosternal lamina is not large, the lower edge oblique, the front edge ob-
lique and slightly sinuous, the free angle is somewhat mucronate.
The claws of the front tarsi of the male are dissimilar, the anterior claw hav-
ing a rather long and acute tooth, the posterior strongly angulate at base. The
middle claws are like the anterior, but the tooth and angulation are less marked.
The posterior claws are dissimilar, and both have a well marked tooth at base,
the free portion of the tip forming an angle with the basal portion and is some-
what sinuous.
In the female the claws are dissimilar on all the feet and have merely a slight
angulation at base as in the posterior middle claw of male.
This is the only species at present known to me in which the head
is always and entirely pale like the remainder of the surface.
Occurs on the sea-coast of Delaware and New Jersey (Dr. Ham-
ilton). One from Bennington, Vt., has been sent me by Mr. C. H.
Roberts.
HENOCH A RES Mais.
The differences between this genus and Philydrus are extremely
small, and are practically reduced to the form of the pseudo-basal
joint of the maxillary palpus. In this genus it is curved with the
concavity to the front and the palpi themselves are longer and more
slender. PI. iii, fig. 1.
The cephalic and thoracic sculpture is about the same in the two
genera, but we here observe quite commonly, but by no means con-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 251
stantly, a coarse puncture near the basal edge of the thorax on each
side of middle. While in Philydrus four irregular series of coarse
punctures are observed on the elytra, here we have but two placed
on the fifth and ninth intervals.
The presence of a well marked mesosternal lamina in most Philyd-
rus and its absence in Helochares seems not to be a character of any
great importance as one species of the former (ochraceus) has merely
a mesosternal carina, which is nearly as well marked in one of the
Helochares {normatus).
The two species known to me are separable as follows :
Mesosternum without trace of carina; mentuiu entire in front.
inaciilieollis.
Mesosternum feebly carinate; mentum slightly emarginate normatus.
The first of these species belongs to the Atlantic region, the other
to the Pacific.
H. maculicollis Muls. — Oblong oval, very obviously narrowed in front,
subdepressed, moderately shining; color above luteous or piceo-testaceous, thorax
with a rather large piceous spot, head with irregular piceous spaces. Thorax
closely punctate, punctures coarser toward the sides, the anterior arcuate row of
punctures very evident, the transverse series indistinct, basal marginal line ab-
sent. Elytra broadest slightly behind the middle ; the surface with ten moder-
ately deeply impressed stripe, which are rather finely serrately punctured, the
strife ending abruptly a short distance in front of the apical margin, the tenth
stria distant from the side, scutellar stria short; intervals flat, finely sparsely
punctulate, the fifth and ninth intervals with a row of coarser punctures. Body
beneath black, feebly shining. Femora piceous, opaque, tibife and tarsi rufo-
piceous. Length .16 — .22 inch.; 4 — 5.5 mm.
The prosternum is carinate, but never very distinctly. The mesosternum has
a slight tuberosity at middle, somewhat rugose. The claws are similar on all
the feet and alike in the sexes, they are feebly curved, slightly dilated at base,
but not toothed. In specimens which I suppose to be males the last ventral seg-
ment has a slight emargination at the middle of its apex.
Variations have been observed in color and sculpture. In what
seem to be fresh and well-preserved specimens the color is luteous,
with the usual piceous spot on the thorax, but from this the color
becomes gradually darker, seemingly to piceous. The head may be
entirely piceous with a pale space in front of the eye, or the occiput
only may be dark. In one specimen the entire head is simply mar-
gined with piceous.
While the sculpture of the thorax is usually well marked, the
punctures close, specimens are seen with fine punctures more widely
spaced. The variation in color of head and thoracic sculpture are
entirely independent of sex.
252 GEO. H. HORN.
Occurs in Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, North Carolina
Florida to Texas.
H. norinatliSi Lee. — Oblong oval, narrowed ni front, subdepressed, form
and color generally of macidicollin. Tliorax similarly punctured. Elytral striaj
scarcely impressed, the punctures coarser and less close than in maculicolHs, and
very nearly reaching the apex, the intervals flat, scarcely distinctly punctulate,
the fifth and ninth with a row of coarse punctures. Body beneath and legs as
in maculicoUis. Length .20 — .22 inch. ; 5 — 5.5 mm.
The prosteruum is very feebly cariuate. Mesosteruum longitudinally feebly
carinate, nearly as in Phil, ochracens.
The claws are alike in the sexes and simply slightly thickened at base.
The male has the last ventral segment feebly notched as in inactilicoUis.
While this and the preceding species resemble each other so closely
superficially, two important structural characters separate them. In
viaculicoUis the apex of the mentum is arcuate, here there is a dis-
tinct emargination. The mesosternum al.so differs in the two species.
The eniarginate mentum and feebly carinate mesosternum seem to
be the two important characters defining Chasmogeims Shp. (Biol.
Cent. Am. i, 2, p. 73) founded on a species in which the elytra are
not striate. While it would be defensible to place our species in that
genus, I am unwilling to that extent to admit the validity of CAa.s-
mogenus. The color and sculpture vary here as in maculicoUis, and
the elytral striie may be slightly impressed, or consist merely of rows
of punctures.
Occurs from San Francisco southward into the peninsula, and
thence eastward to Arizona. It is highly probable that it extends
also into Mexico.
CYMBIODYTA Bedel.
We owe to the acute observation of Dr. Sharp a knowledge of the
fact that in this genus the middle and hind tarsi have completely
lost the first joint, which, though quite short, is very readily seen in
the other genera. The tarsi are, therefore, heteromerous with the
formula 5-4-4.
The maxillary palpi are of modei'ate length, the pseudo-basal
joint being curved in such a manner that the concavity is to the
front, being the reverse of Philydrus. The curve is, however, not
well marked, and in the striate species the joint is so nearly straight
that, for purposes of classification, it might well be called so, espe-
cially when compared with the convex-forward curve of Philydrus
or the concave-forward curve of Helochares. In the non-striate spe-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTEKA. 253
cies the curve is better marked. In the i-elation of the last two
joints to each other in length our species of Cjnibiodyta are inter-
mediate between the two sections of Philydrus, that is to say, while
these joints are not equal in length as in Enochrus, the terminal joint
is so little shorter than the preceding that, without careful observa-
tion, they might be thought equal.
In some of the species there is a faint indication of a carina at
the apex of the prosternum. The mesosternum is not laminate as
in Philydrus, but has in all our species a slightly elevated, transverse
ridge, placed directly in front of the intercoxal process of the meta-
sternum. This ridge affects three forms which give useful aid jn
separating the species. These forms are — straight and directly
transverse — , arcuate ■^, or elevated at middle at an angle so that
when viewed from behind it is in the form of A with a little broader
angle. The last form seen in fraterculus and rotundas explains the
origin or meaning of the spine-like process seen in Helocombus.
Contrary to the prevailing tendency in Philydrus the basal mar-
ginal line of the thorax is never pi'eseut. The large puncture near
the basal margin on each side is quite distinct in all the species,
although quite often very indistinct or wanting in some individuals.
The general sculpture is the same as in Philydrus, and the same
series of coarse punctures on the head and thorax may be observed,
and in more than half of the species the elytra have distinct stria-
of punctures .varying in number from four entire striae to ten. The
rows of coarse punctures which have, apparently, no definite position
in Philydrus are here distinctly located on the alternate intervals
beginning with the third.
In the species belonging to the Atlantic region proper the elytra
are not striate; they have, however, the coarse interstrial punctures,
which are approximated at apex forming a semblance to strii^e, but
no trouble need result if the student will compare these with the
punctures seen in the striate species. In my former descriptions this
error occurred, and it now gives me pleasure to correct it, and at the
same time give the proper interpretation of the sculpture.
The underside of the body in sculpture and vestiture is the same
as in Philydrus, and the femora are finely punctured, pubescent and
opaque, except for a short distance near the tip. Sexual characters
have not been observed, and the males can be distinguished when the
organ is protruded, but apparently not otherwise.
With two exce])tions the species are piceous black in color with
254 GEO. H. HORN,
lustrous surflice becoming paler only by evident immaturity. The
two brownish species have a bhick head, although in Blanchardi the
sides of the head in front of the eyes are very pale, as is the case in
all the pale species of Philydrus. Color is as constant a character
here as been observed in Philydrus and the only difficulty may re-
sult from the lack of skill on the part of an observer in prcjperly
distinguishing what is an immature specimen of a piceous species, or
a discolored example of a brown one.
With these preliminary remarks the student will be enabled to
separate the species by the aid of the following analytical table. In
counting the striae reference is made only to those which exist as such
and not to the traces seen through the elytra when these are pale oi*
immature in color.
Elytra with distinct strife.
All the strife entire; mesosterual transverse ridge straight and feebly elevated.
ptiiictatostriala.
Inner striae much abbreviated.
Six outer strife entire, seventh nearly so; mesosternal ridge angulate and
elevated at middle, when viewed posteriorly in form of A. PI. iii,
fig. 18d rratorciilns.
Five outer strife entire; mesosternal ridge straiglit, transverse, feebly ele-
vated ; color piceous, with paler border; coarse punctures of alter-
nate intervals indistinct (lorsalis.
Four outer strife only entire; mesosternal transverse ridge arcuate, feebly
elevated; color as in dorsaiis ; coarse punctures of alternate inter-
vals distinct PI. iii, fig. 18c iiioi'Hta.
Four outer strife only entire and very feebly impressed ; me.sosternal ridge
feebly elevated, arcuate; color piceo-ochraceous or pale castaneous,
head black, thorax with large piceous spot iilibellis.
Elytra without strife (excejit the sutural).
Form oval: mesosternal ridge well marked: serial punctures of elytra distinct,
at least at the sides.
Piceous broadly oval ; mesosternal ridge angularly elevated at middle in the
form of A roliinda.
Piceous, less broadly oval ; mesosternal ridge straight, transverse, feebly
elevated. PI. iii, fig. 18b fiitibriata.
Piceo-ochraceous, head black, with a large yellow spot in front of each eye;
mesosternal ridge as in fimbriata Blaiicliardi.
Form oblong; mesosternal ridge very short, transverse; coarse serial punc-
tures of elytra absent; piceous with paler border. PI. iii, fig. 18a.
lacuMfris.
C puiietatostriata Horn. — Form rather broadly oval, scarcely narrowed
in front, subdepressed, piceous shining, the entire border somewhat jialer. Tho-
rax closely and evenly punctate, the anterior arcuate and the transverse series
of coarser punctures distinct, but of few punctures, ba.sal marginal line absent.
Elyti'a with ten entire strife and a short scutellar row of punctures, strife moder-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 255
ately deeply impi-essed, except the four inner near the base, the punctures grad-
ually coarser near the apex and in the outer stripe, and very closely placed, in-
tervals flat, finely punctulate, toward the apex quite smooth, intervals 3-5-7-9
each with a row of coarse punctures. Body beneath piceous, opaque. Femora
piceous, opaque and pubescent, tibiaj and tarsi rufo-piceous. Length .18 — .22
inch.; 4 5 — 5.5 mm.
Prosternum with a slight trace of a carina near the apex, mesosternura with a
short, feebly elevated transverse ridge slightly in front of the coxae.
The claws are slender and simple in both sexes, and no character
has been observed by means of which the sexes may be separated,
except when the male oi'gan is protruded.
Occurs ill California from Tejon northward, in Lake, Santa Clara
and Ahuneda Counties.
C frsiterculus Sharp. — Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, piceous,
shining, entire border somewhat paler. Thorax closely punctate, a little more*
coarsely and less closely toward the sides, the arcuate and transverse rows of
coarse punctures distinct, basal marginal line absent. Elytra striato-punctate.
the strise being scarcely impressed, there being six or seven entire I'ows of punc-
tures, the inner rows gradually shorter toward the suture, the punctures of the
rows rather coarse and closely placed, intervals punctured similarly to the thorax,
but gradually finer and more sparse toward apex, the intervals 3-5-7-9 each with
a row of coarse punctures. Body beneath piceous, opaque. Femora piceous,
opaque and pubescent, tibiae brownish, tar.si paler. Length .18 — .22 inch. ; 4 5 —
5.5 mm.
The prosternum is simple, the mesosternum with a slight elevation, which is
broadly conical when seen from in front, and A when seen posteriorly.
Tarsal claws slender and simple, sexes not separable, except when the male
organ is visible.
In this species there are always six entire rows of punctures, and
often a seventh continued by liner punctures to the base, the inner
strise are shorter. While the number of entire striae will readily dis-
tinguish the species, the most important character is found in the
elevation of the transverse ridge of the mesosternum m a short
conical process.
Occurs in southern Arizona, extending southward well into Mexico.
C'. doi'salis Motsch. — Oval, slightly oblong, scarcely narrowed in front,
moderately convex, piceous black, shining, entire border paler. Thorax finely
and rather closely punctate, the arcuate and transverse series composed of very
tine punctures. Elytra punctured similarly to the thorax, the punctures finer,
sparser and less distinct toward the apex, at the sides with five entire strise, which
are gradually more impressed toward the side, the punctures coarse, deep and
closely placed, especially externally, the inner strife short, composed of finer
punctures, the sutural stria deeply impressed, and extending three-fourths to
base, scutellar stria very faintly indicated, intervals 3-5-7-9 with a row of
coarser punctures faintly indicated. Body beneath piceous opaque. Femora
piceous, tibise and tarsi rufo piceous. Length .18 — .22 inch.; 4.5 — 5.5 mm.
256 GEO. H. HORN.
Prosternum simple, mesosternum with a feebly elevated transverse ridge a
short distance in front of the coxae.
Claws similar in the sexes, slender, slightly broader at base.
Motschulsky describes the species as having five or six strice, which
is correct enough, although it seems to me preferable to count only
the five that are well marked. In my previous essay this species is
placed as possibly identical with hnheUis Lee, but specimens were
then not known to me agi'eeing with the description.
The specimens collected in the central and in the mountainous
regions have more distinct sculpture than those in the warmer re-
gions further south, where the specimens are much less deeply punc-
tate and generally smoother.
Occurs from middle California southward into the peninsula of
'California.
C iiiorata n. sp. — Oval, slightly oblong, not narrowed in front, moderately
convex, piceous shining, the entire border paler. Thorax moderately closely
punctate, less distinctly and more sparsely towai'd the sides, the arcuate and
transverse rows of coarser punctures scarcely evident. Elytra, near the ba.se,
punctured similarly to the thorax, near apex much more finely and sparsely,
almost smooth, the outer four strite moderately impressed and entjre. the punc-
tures rather coarse, but not denselj^ crowded, the inner striie very faintly indi-
cated and scarcely extending more than a third from the apex, sutural stria well
impressed and longer, coarser punctures of intervals 3-.5-7-9 well impressed.
Body beneath piceous opaque. Femora piceous, opaque, tibiie and tarsi rufo-
piceous. Length .20 — .24 inch.; 5 — 6 ram.
Prosternum simple, mesosternum with a slightly elevated arcuate ridge slightly
in front of the coxse.
Claws similar in the sexes, slender, feebly arcuate, slightly broadened at base.
At first sight this species might be mistaken for dorsaUs, which it
resembles superficially in form and color. That species has, how-
ever, five entire striie, this but four, the interstitial coarse punctures
are very well marked here and scarcely evident in dorsalis.
An immature specimen in my cabinet was formerly referred to
mibellis, and the number of entire stria? is the same in both species,
but in imbellis they are not impressed, and the punctures much finer.
The color is quite different in the two species also.
Occurs in New Mexico near the Moqui Villages.
C. imbellis Lee. — Oblong oval, scarcely narrower in front, moderately con-
vex, piceo-ochraceous or castaneous, with the border paler, head black, thorax
with a large piceous space extending from ajiex to base. Thorax closely punc-
tulate, punctures a little coarser and less dense toward the sides, the arcuate and
transverse rows of coarser punctures distinctly marked. Elytra less closely
punctulate than the thorax, the punctures a little coarser and less close toward
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 257
the apex, the outer five scarcely impressed, striae entire, composed of moderately
impressed, closely placed punctures, the inner strife scarcely reaching the middle
from apex, the sutural stria well impressed and longer, the coarser punctures of
the intervals 3-5-7-9 barely distinguishable. Body beneath piceous, opaque.
Femora piceous, opaque, tibije and tarsi rufo-testaceous. Length .20— .24 inch.;
5 — 6 mm.
Prosternura entirely simple, mesosternum with a short, arcuate, transverse
ridge, slightly in front of the coxae.
Tarsal claws similar in the sexes, slender, feebly arcuate, slightly broadened
toward base.
This species is similar in sculpture to dorsalis, but the strife and
punctures are much less impressed and the coarser punctures of the
alternate intervals very feebly indicated. The raesosternal ridge in
that species is a straight transverse line, here it is very strongly ar-
cuate. The color of the two species is also quite distinct, that being
always piceous, while this is an indefinite rusty-brown or pale chest-
nut color, resembling at first sight Phil. Hamiltoni.
Occurs in California from Tejon northward.
C. rotnnda Say. — Very broadly oval, moderately convex, piceous, shining,
border indefinitely paler. Thorax closely punctate, more sparsely toward the
sides, the arcuate and transverse series of coarse punctures well marked. Elytra
punctured similarly to the thorax, but less closely near the apex, the two innei-
series of coarse punctures very indistinct, the outer series well marked, sutural
stria deeply impressed, extending two-thirds to base. Body beneath black, sub-
opaque. Femora and tibiae piceous, the tarsi pale. Length .26 — .28 inch. ; 6.5 —
7 mm.
Prosternum simple, mesosternum with a transverse ridge elevated in an an-
gular form so that when viewed posteriorly it presents the form of a broad A-
Tarsal claws simple and slender in the two sexes.
This species is the most 'broadly oval of any in the Philydride
series. In the specimen before me the elytra seem slightly explanate
at apex, but this may be an individual character.
In previous papers Dr. LeConte has compared the species with
Hydrobius globosus, while I have suggested Philydrus cinctus. Neither
comparison is very satisfactory, inasmuch as it is far less convex
than the former and more broadly oval than the latter. It is not
very greatly different in form and appearance from some of the
larger specimens of H. fimbrlatus, although more decidedly oval.
It seems to be quite rare in collections, being represented, as far as
known to me by one specimen each from the Middle States region
and North Carolina in the cabinet of Dr. LeConte and one in my
own collected near Tewksbury, Mass., and kindly given me by Mr.
Blanchard.
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (33) AUGUST, 1890.
258 GEO. H. HORN.
C'. fiinbriata Mels.— Oval, slightly oblong, very little narrower in front,
moflerately convex, piceous, shining, the entire border narrowly, but indefinitely
paler. Thorax closely punctate on the disc, more sparsely and less deeply at the
sides, the arcuate and transverse series well marked. Elytra near base punctured
similarly to the thorax, at ai)ex more sparsely and less distinctly, the usual series
of coarse punctures well marked, sutnral stria deeply impressed three-fourths to
base. Body beneath opaque black. Femora opaque black, tibiae piceous, tarsi
rufescent. Length .18 — .22 inch. ; 4.5— 5.5 mm.
Presternum simple, mesosternum with a nearly straight, transverse, elevated
ridge.
Claws slender, feebly arcuate, slightly broader at base, similar in the sexes.
This species resembles Philydrus j)erplextLs, although a little broader
in form. In the present genus its form is intermediate between la-
custris and rotunda. From both species it differs in the form of the
mesosternal ridge.
When specimens of this species are immature it is not at first
sight easy to separate them from specimens of Blanchardi, which
may be a little dark from defective preparation, but after one be-
comes familiar, by examination, with the shape of the two species
there need be no great difficulty, especially as it will be observed
that Blanchardi has the head in front of the eyes pale, while in fiin-
briata, no matter how immature the specimen may be, the head is
of one uniform color.
Specimens are known to me from Canada, New England States,
Pennsylvania and Texas. It is evidently very widely distributed.
C. Blauchardi n. sp. — Form rather broadly oval, scarcely narrowed in
front moderately convex, piceo-ochraceous, head black, with a large pale space in
front of each eye. Thorax moderately closely punctate, more sparsely near the
sides, the arcuate and transverse series of coarser punctures not very distinct.
Elytra similarly punctured, although a little less closely than the thorax and
much more sparsely near the apex, the series of coarser punctures indistinctly
represented by a few distant punctures, the outermost series alone being dis-
tinct, sutural stria well impressed and reaching rather more than two-thirds
to base. Body beneath piceous or brown, opaque, rarely black. Femora and
tibise brownish, tarsi paler. Length .16 inch. ; 4 mm.
Presternum simple, mesosternum with a very distinct, straight, transverse
ridge, moderately elevated.
Claws simple and slender in the two sexes.
This species represents, in its color, hnbeUis of the striate series,
althouo-h there is no discal piceous space on the thorax. It is also
very like Philydrus ochraceiis, but is more broadly oval in form.
The character of the mesosternal ridge is very like fiinbriata. It is
the only species of the genus in our fauna in which, with a black
head, the sides in front of the eyes are pale, as in many Philydri.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 259
Occurs in Vermont (Roberts), Massachusetts (Blanchard), Penn-
sylvania (Hamilton) and District of Columbia (Ulke).
€'. lacustris Lee — Oval, decidedly oblong, moderately convex, piceons,
shining, entire border indeterminately paler. Thorax relatively coarsely and
closely punctate, more sparsely and less deeply at the sides, the arcuate and
transverse rows of coarse punctures very evident. Elytra punctured similarly
to the thorax, but a little less closely and somewhat more sparsely toward the
apex, the usual series of coarse punctures never present, except by very rare
exception, sutural stria extending nearly three-fourths to base. Body beneath
opaque black. Femora opaque, piceons, tibiae and tarsi rufo-piceous. Length
.16— .18 inch. ; 4—4.5 mm.
The prosternum is simple, the mesosternum has a very short, transverse, ele-
vated line.
The claws are similar in the sexes, slender, feebly arcuate, slightly broadened
at base.
This is the smallest species of the genus at present known in our
fauna. Its essential characters are — the oblong form, the ab.sent
serial coarse punctures of the elytra, and very short transverse ridge
of mesosternum. It will also be observed that the last two joints of
the maxillary palpi differ very little in length, the terminal joint
being only slightly shorter than the preceding.
Occurs in the Lake Superior and Canadian region, eastward to
the New England States.
HELOCOi^BUS n.g.
Tarsi heteromerous with the formula 5-4-4. Maxillary palpi
very long and slender, the pseudo-basal joint curved with the con-
cavity in front, the last joint very distinctly shorter than the pre-
ceding. Mesosternum with a broad pyramidal process, when viewed
fi'om behind elevated like a narrow A and acute at apex. Femora
punctured, opaque and jjubescent. Tarsal claws distinctly toothed
in the male, rather widely dilated at base in the female. PI. iii, fig. 15.
The thorax has no basal marginal line. Elytra deeply striate, the
striae entire, except the sutural and the second, no scutellar stria,
interstices without the three or four series of coarse punctures.
This genus, founded on Phihjdrus bifidus Lee, is, to a certain ex-
tent, intermediate between Cymbiodyta and Philydrus. It has the
tarsi and pseudo-basal palpus joint of the former and the toothed
claws of the greater number of the. latter. The mesosternum is
peculiar in its protuberance, being structurally a great exaggeration
of the form foreshadowed in H. fratercidus and rotuudatus, as has
been indicated in the remarks under Cymbiodyta.
260 GEO. H. HORN.
Cvnibiodyta Bedel is said both by that author and Dr. Sharp to
have a laminate niesosternum, consequently this species is not refer-
able there, while neither author makes any mention of the toothed
claws, nor is there any reference to especially long maxillary palpi.
For the above reasons I feel compelled to separate it, at least for
the present, with another generic name, the only other recourse being
to continue it with Cymbiodyta, in which it would certainly form a
well marked subdivision.
H. bifi<lus Lee. — Oblong-oval, feebly narrowed in front, pieeous, shining,
subflepressed. Thorax closely and finely punctate, more coarsely and less closely
at the sides, the usual arcuate and transverse rows of coarser punctures well
marked, lateral marginal line deei)ly impressed, basal line wanting. Elytra
rather deeply striate, especially at the sides and near the apex, the strife all en-
tire, except the sutural and second, at bottom not punctate, intervals convex at
the sides, flatter on the disc, punctate, more coarsely and less closely than the
thorax, the sides of each interval slightly crenate, alternate intervals without
coarser punctures. Body beneath and eyes black, opaque, tarsi rufo-testaceous.
Length .22— .28 inch. ; 5.5—7 mm.
Prosternum simple, niesosternum with a pyramidal process, higher than wide
at base, when viewed from behind in form of A.
Claws dissimilar in the sexes and unlike on each pair of feet.
In the male the anterior claw of the front feet has a rather broad
but acute triangular tooth, the posterior claw ratiier abruptly broader
at base, but not truly toothed ; the middle feet have anterior claws
toothed but in a less degree than the front feet ; the posterior claw
is as in the front feet ; the posterior feet have both claws alike, and
they are very nearly like the posterior claw of the middle feet.
In the female the claws are merely broadened at base without
forming a tooth.
This insect resembles, in form and sculpture, Hydrobins fusclpes,
but is less convex, and is usually found associated with that species
in series sent by collectors. Independently of the more important
structural characters, the long and slender maxillary pal])i will at
once distinguish it.
Occurs in Canada and the Lake Superior region. New England
States southward to Georgia (coll. Lee).
0
The species which were of old included in Hydrobius seem to
have o'iven much more trouble in their .separation into tenable genera
than Philydrus. The following table is the result of a study of the
described genera from the literature as far as they are represented in
our fauna; MetacymHS is included for discussion.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 261
Elytr?. striate, or striato-puuctate HYDROBIUS.
Elytra with confused puiictuatioD.
Posterior femora glabrous.
Anteiinse 9-joiuted ; mesosternum simple ANAC^NA.
Antennse 7-jointed ; mesosternum protuberant METACYMUS.
Posterior femur punctulate, opaque and pubescent; mesosternum protuberant.
PARACYMUS.
In addition to the above Tritonus Muh. and Limnoxenus Motsch.
have been suggested, which seem perfectly congeneric with Hydro-
bius as limited above. Creniphilus Motsch. was suggested to include
two species afterward separated by Thomson as Anacjena and Para-
cymus.
Crenitis Bedel should have its place in the table near Paracymus.
Of it Bedel writes as follows : " Distinct from Hydrobias, Paracymus
and Anaccena by its scarcely spinulose tibite, and from the first two
especially by its simple mesosternum and from the last by its pro-
thorax without basal marginal line."
Unfortunately, these characters have no value when the species
of our fttuna are taken into consideration as will be learned in the
following pages.
^Moreover, the antennae are said to be 9-jointed, but a specimen
sent me by Dr. Sharp plainly shows 8-jointed antennae as in Creni-
phi/us vionticola. It seems to me that the species on which Crenitis
is founded {punctato-striatus Letz.) sliould take its place in the genus
Creniphilus and be placed near monticola.
Dr. Sharp finds it advisable to include all the species under one
generic name, although he separates ]\Ietacymus by its 7-jointed an-
tenna-.
This genus seems surrounded with much doubt, and while he has
suggested in a recent letter that it is related to the Derallus series
(J. e. near Berosus) the description and the relationship in which it
has been placed hardly warrant such an inference.
While the views expressed later on will be found in accord with
those who are not willing to retain Anacfena and Paracymus dis-
tinct, there will be disagreement with those who unite all under Hy-
drobius. Inasmuch as it is impossible to retain those two genera as
distinct, it seems to me at least inconvenient to use either name for a
union of the two, I have, therefore, reverted to an undescribed name
by Motschulsky, which had for its types the two species constituting
the types of the separate genera. Other remarks on this subject will
be found under Creniphilus.
262 GEO. H. HORN.
The following is the definition of the genera recognized in our
fauna :
Elytra either striate or striato-puiictate Hydrobius.
Elytra with confused punctuation ; head, thorax and elytra, without the series
of coarse punctures C'reiiipliillis.
Hydrobiiis has the middle and posterior tibia? fimbriate at apex
with short, nearly equal, closely set spinules, while in Creniphilus
the spinules are relatively long and irregular, not closely placed,
PI. iv, figs. 10-11.
HYDROBIUfii Leach.
Maxillary palpi with the terminal joint always longer than the
preceding. Prothorax either without or with basal marginal line,
in the latter case indistinct and visible only at the sides of base.
Elytra more or less deeply striate, or simply with striae of punctures,
interstices usually puuctulate or scabrous, and with the coarser series
of punctures on the alternate intervals beginning with the third,
except in scabrosus and tesseUatus. Femora more or less pubescent
beneath, sometimes but feebly near the base. Tibiae fimbriate at
apex with short, closely set spinules. Posterior tarsi slender, not as
long as the tibise.
It will also be observed in three of the species that the head has
the coarser series of punctures forming an arcuate row as in the
Philydroid genera, and on the thorax also similar groups, although
liere they unite in a semicircular row convex to the side margin.
The raesosternal protuberance does not have here the same im-
portance observed elsewhere, as it varies considerably within specific
limits, notably m fiisci])es.
In the present essay the genus is limited to the large species with
the elytra striato-punctate, or striate in ten regular .series. Even as
thus restricted to a small number of species, it is more heterogeneous
in aspect than any other genus in the family. On characters which
are now admitted to be unimportant nearly every species in the Eu-
ropean fauna has at one time or another had a separate generic name
suggested for it. Our species would be in the same plight if similar
characters were made use of, with the result of unnecessarily com-
plicating the study.
The following analytical table will enable the species to be sepa-
rated :
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTEKA. 263
Alternate intervals of the elytra, 3-5-7-9, witli a row of coarse punctures.
Thorax with the lateral series of coarse punctures; the base without marginal
line.
Elytia with well marked strife; form oblong fuscipes.
Elytra with rows of fine punctures; form short and very convex.
Posterior femora merely closely punctate near base, not opaque and pubes-
cent. PI. iv, fig. 7 t'liiiiiflus.
Posterior femora densely punctulate and pubescent near base and along
the upper border. PI. iv, fig. 4 globosus.
Thorax without the lateral series of coarse punctures; basal marginal line dis-
tinct near the sides latllS.
Alternate intervals without the series of coarse punctures.
Thorax with traces of basal marginal line at sides; surface opaque, subgran-
ular; elytra without trace of scutellar stria; form oval, not very
convex scabrosus.
Thorax without trace of basal marginal line; surface shining; elytral striae
deep, the scutellar very well marked, intervals smooth and convex.
tessellatns.
In the table used in iny former essay on these insects the carinse
of the pro- and nieso-sterna were given considerable proniinence as
characters for separation, but the increase of material for study has
shown that both carina are subject in one si)ecies or other, to too
much variation to enable them to be used with certainty.
H. Tiiseipes Linn. — Oblong, convex, piceous, shining. Head closely punc-
tate, an arcuate series of coarser punctures on each side of clypeus, a small
group within each eye. Thorax finely closely punctate, a little more coarsely,
less densely at the sides, the anterior arcuate and posterior oblique series of
coarse punctures well marked, basal marginal line entirely wanting. Elytra
striate, strife variable in depth of impression, the two inner and the scutellar
strife very indistinct at base, strife closely punctate, rather finely on the disc,
more coarsely at the sides, intervals flat, not densely punctulate, intervals 3-5-7-9
with the usual series of coarse punctures placed near the outer side of the re-
spective intervals, a less regular series between the tenth stria and the lateral
margin. Body beneath opaque black. Legs piceous, the tibite sometimes, the
tarsi always paler. Femora opaque, densely punctulate and pubescent, except
near the tip. Length .26— .32 inch. ; 6.5—8.5 mm. PI. iv, fig. 2.
Prosternum not carinate, mesosternum obtusely elevated in a va-
riable degree.
Tarsal claws simple, merely gradually broader at base.
The most striking variation observable in this species is in the
form of the mesosternal protuberance being in some specimens well
marked and prominent, forming a distinct angle, while in others it
is so reduced as to be merely a slight longitudinal convexity.
The general color of the species is piceous black, but specimens
occur with a slight seueous surface lustre, or even violaceous. The
264 GEO. H. HORN.
sculpture variation is that usually observed in punctato-striate species,
and is never very great.
Occurs over the greater part of the northern regions of the con-
tinent and in California, extending southward to the Colorado Kiver.
It is a common European species, more abundant in the northern
regions.
H. globosiis Say.— Sliglitly obloug, hemispherical, piceous blaclc. siiining,
surface faiutly teneous. Head closely punctate, with the usual series of coarser
punctures. Thorax closely punctate, nearly equally over the entire surface, the
coarser punctures of the anterior and posterior series united in a curve near the
lateral margin, basal marginal line entirely wanting. Elytra with ten entire
striae of moderate punctures, closely placed near the base, more distant toward
apex, scutellar stria distinct, strife not impressed, intervals flat, sparsely, finely
punctnlate, the usual series of coarser punctures on intervals 3-5-7-9, also be-
tween the tenth stria and the margin. Body beneath opaque black. Legs pi-
ceous, tarsi rufescent; posterior femora densely punctured and slightly pubes-
cent near the base only, exteriorly coarsely sparsely punctured and shining.
Anterior and middle femora densely punctured and pubescent, except near the
apex. Length .30 inch.; 7.5 mm. PI. iv, fig. 4.
Prosternum simple, mesosternum with a prominent triangular
lamina, the postero- inferior edge thick.
Tarsal claws simple, similar in the sexes.
This insect appears to have been almost sinuiltaneously described
by Say and Germar, and it might be a very difficult question to
decide which name has the priority, and no profit would come of the
investigation. The name given by Say is now well known, and has
been the recognized name for three-fourths of a century. It is rather
remarkable that Germar's name, SphcericUvm melrf.num, should have
been completely lost to sight in our literature.
Occurs in the New England and Middle States.
H. tunii<Iiis Lee. — Oval, very little longer than wide, very convex, piceous
black, shining, surface with slight teneons lustre. Head moderately closely
punctate, with coarse punctures as in glohosus. Thorax moderately, closely, and
equally punctate, coarser punctures as in glohosus. Elytra striato-punctate, strije
not impressed, punctures not coarse, closely placed near base, sparser and finer
near apex, strise entire, except the sutural and second, scutellar stria not evident,
intervals flat, punctate more coarsely than in globosus, and with large punctures
arranged as in that species. Body beneath opaque black. Legs piceous. tarsi
rufescent; posterior femora entirely glabrous, coarsely sparsely punctured, mid-
dle femora densely punctured and pubescent near the base only, anterior femora
opaque, except near the tip. Length .34 inch. ; 8.5 mm. PI. iv, fig. 7.
Prosternum either with a very small, acute, tubercle at apex, or
simple ; mesosternum with a lamina as in globosus, nearly vertical
in front.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 265
By its convexity and color this species greatly resembles globoms.
The general sculpture is rather coarser, the foi"m more elongate and
the femora quite different in sculpture.
Occurs from New York to Florida, but seems rare.
H. latiis Horn. — Broadly oval, distiuctly narrowed in front, piceous or
slightly brownish, feebly shining. Head with coarse and very fine punctures
intermixed, not closely placed, a denser group within each eye, clypeus broadly
eraarginate. Thorax regularly convex, hind angles very obtuse, basal marginal
line distinct near the sides, surface with coarse and fine punctures intermixed,
rather sparsely placed and feebly impressed at the middle of the disc, dense and
much coarser at the sides, the arcuate and oblique series of coarser punctures
scarcely discernible. Elytra with ten entire, moderately impressed striae and a
short scutellar row of punctures, strise moderately, coarsely crenately punctured,
at the sides much more coarsely, intervals flat, faintly scabrous, the 3-5-7-9 with
the usual series of coarse punctures. Body beneath opaque black. Legs piceous
or brown, the femora of all the legs densely punctulate and pubescent at basal
half, but less in the hind femora, smooth and shining at apex. Length .30 inch. ;
7.5 mm. Pi. iv, fig. 5.
Prosternum with a distinct cariniform elevation near the apex,
mesosternum obtusely protuberant, the lower edge of the protuber-
ance in form of fl-
Tarsal claws simple and slender in both sexes. The prosternal
carina is but small in its greatest development, and in some speci-
mens almost entirely disappears. This species is remarkable in hav-
ing a sharp line of demarcation between the densely punctulate and
the smooth portions of the femora also in having the basal marginal
line of thorax distinct at the sides.
Occurs at Fort Crook, California.
H. scabrostis Horn. — Oval, slightly oblong, distinctly narrowed in front,
piceous or brown, opaque, or with very feeble lustre. Head coarsely and closely
punctate at the sides, smoother at middle, without trace of the arcuate row of
punctures, clypeus distinctly emarginate. Thorax regularly convex, a vague
depression of the middle of the disc near the posterior margin and a shallow
fovea in the place of the puncture seen in other species, hind angles very ob-
tuse, basal marginal line distinct near the hind angles, surface coar.sely and
densely punctured, rugulose at the sides, smoother at middle. Elytra with ten
entire, moderately deeply impressed strife, the scutellar stria entirely wanting,
strife coarsely, but vaguely and not closely punctured, intervals flat, granulate
or scabrous, disc vaguely depressed each side of suture near apex. Body beneath
piceous, opaque. Legs brownish ; posterior femora glabrous, coarsely jmnctate,
except for a very small space at base, middle and front femora densely punctured
and pubescent one-third from base. Length .20 — .24 inch.; 5 — 6 mm. PI. iv,
fig. 6.
Prosternum finely carinate its entire length, and more elevated in
front; mesosternum simple, without frace of jDrotuberance.
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (34) AUGUST, 1890. '
266 GEO. H. HORN.
Claws slender, feebly curved aud simple. The sculpture of the
elytra is remarkable in being finely granulate and scabrous. The
sutural stria is exactly parallel with the suture to base, so that there
is no trace of scutellar stria. The usual coarse punctures of the
alternate intervals are not present and are not merely concealed by
the other sculpture.
The thoracic depressions near the base, faint as they are, indicate
the last vestige of the sculpture usual in Helophorus, and the coarse
puncture seen on each side of the base of the thorax in so many
species is merely the remnant of the sinuous line each side of the
median line in Helophorus.
Specimens are occasionally seen that are quite black and feebly
shining.
Occurs in Vancouver, Oregon and California as far south as San
Francisco. A specimen in my cabinet from Arizona is probably
from the more northern and mountainous regions of that territory.
H. tesselatus Ziegler. — Broadly oval and very convex, pale castaneous,
sliiniug, elytra indistinctly marked with slightly darker, small spaces without
definite pattern. Head coarsely, deeply, not closely punctate, clypeus much
smoother and moderately deeply emarginate. Thorax coarsely, not closely, but
somewhat irregularly punctate, a vague depression opposite the middle of each
elytron, hind angles rounded, basal marginal line extremely fine and indistinct.
Elytra oval, very nearly as broad as long, very convex, more elevated posterior
to base, ten entire strife moderately deeply impressed, scutellar stria well marked
and impressed, stride wath coarse moderately close, but not crenate punctures,
the intervals convex, smooth, the 3-5-7-9 slightly more so than the others, but
without trace of the coarse series of punctures. Body beneath brownish, opaque.
Lcs brown, the basal half of all the femora opaque, punctulate and pubescent.
Length .28— .30 inch. ; 7—7.5 mm. PI. iv, fig. 3.
The |)rosternum has merely a slight elevation in front, mesosternum
slightly convex, but without pubescence.
Claws slender and simple in both sexes. The indefinite spots of
color are principally at the sides and apex, a large triangular scu-
tellar space being without them.
The curious aspect of this species as compared with the others
would suggest the probability of its belonging to u genus or division
apart from them, but as I have before remarked there is absolutely
nothing which can be used for separation. It is but little more con-
vex than globosHS, but the anterior portion of the body being more
deflexed causes it to appear more so, and while the point of greatest
convexity is nearly the same in globosus and tesselatus, the curve of
the elvtra when viewed from flie side is much more convex here.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 267
The head is less transverse than usual from the fact that the sides of
the clypeus are more nearly parallel.
Occurs from Canada southward to Florida and'from Massachusetts
to Illinois. It seems rare in every localitv.
CRENIPHILUS Motsch.
Maxillary palpi short and stout, the terminal joint longer than
the preceding. Prothorax without basal marginal line. Elytra
never either striate, or with regular series of punctures, sutural striL
deep, but obliterated at basal fourth. Posterior femora glabrous
except in injmcatm. Posterior tibia? fimbriate at apex with rela-
tively coarse and long spinules, unequal in length and not closely
placed. Posterior tarsi variable, sometimes slender and longer than
the tibia?, often stouter and rather shorter than tibife.
In addition to the above diagnosis it may be more specifically
stated that the elytra are punctured in a confused manner, althou4
in several of the species a faint tendency to a linear arrangement
may be observed, especially near the apex. The head and thorax
are entirely deprived of the series of larger coarse punctures so well
marked m all the species of the preceding genera, except in three
Hydrobius. From the manner of elytral sculpture it must be evi-
dent that the coarse punctures arranged in series must also be absent
The mesosternum may be either absolutely plain or more or less
protuberant, but never greatly. The prosternum is cariuate in
several species.
In separating our small species of Hydrobius from the laro-er ones
the desirability of which has been admitted by every systematist who
has studied them, the question of a name for the series presented
itself for serious consideration.
^ In glancing over our species it will be seen that two forms occur
hrst those with the posterior femora opaque and pubescent, similar
to the other femora, represented in our fauna by injuscatus alone
secondly those with glabrous femora to the posterior legs, to which
the remainder of our species may be referred. The first series is
Anaccena Thorns, while the second contains some that are Pavacymm
Thoms., and others that would be excluded. Therefore neither of
the above names can be properly applied to the aggregate series
Castelnau's name Brachypalpus would be a very good one but his
genus is composed of Philydrus and Hydrobii. ' Mulsant'sVr/tom,.
IS founded on a species very plainly inseparable from Hydrobiul
268 GEO. H. HORN.
proper. Motscluilsky's genus Creniphilus, although merely indicated
and not fully described, has for its types punehihdus ( = ceneiis Germ.)
and Hmbatus ( = globulus Payk.), which are the types of Paracymus
and Anaccena. For this reason Creniphilus is adopted, indicating,
as it does, my idea that the other two genera cannot be properly re-
tained as distinct. In his most recent work (Biol. Cent. Am. vol. i,
2) Dr. Sharp has gone a step still further back, and retains Hydro-
hius as adopted by Lacordaire and the authors of the Catalogus.
In glancing over the analytical table there will be observed a
very important character relegated to second place, namely, the oc-
currence of 8-jointed antennae in two species. To use this character
as a means of defining another genus would associate two very unlike
species, unlike not only in form, but also in the structure of the two
sterna, and the logical result would be the formation of two other
o-enera. If, then, we return to those species with 9-jointed antennae,
one certainly will be an Anaccena, while the others must be again
separated by the plane (Paracymus) or protuberant mesosternuni.
Thus five genera will be named, all with a more or less complicated
nomenclature confusing to the student and without benefit to science.
The question might here be answered as to the reason for ignoring
such an important character as the loss of an antennal joint. It
will be admitted that, in every family of Coleoptera, there is a stand-
ard or normal number of antennal joints, to which in some fiimilies
all the members conform, while in other families there is a variation
in the number, sometimes either below or above the standard, and
in the Scarabeeidie, especially, both the latter styles of variation
occur within the family limits. In fact, such is the plasticity in the
Melolonthide Scarabpeidje, that instances are by no means rare of
antennae having the standard number on one side and a less number
on the other, and more even than this, we find more rarely specimens
havino- both antennae reduced in number of joints from the standard
of the species to which the individual undoubtedly belongs.
The antennse are organs of some sense beyond that of the sonie-
what mechanical sense of touch, but what that sense is need not be
discussed at this time Whatever it is, the sense is indicated by and
resides in specially organized surfaces indicated by punctuation of a
peculiar kind, small fovea?, pubescent patches, or otherwise as is
familiar to those who go over the entire coleopterous series.
The entire antenna is not sensitive. With very few exceptions it
may be stated, as a general rule, that at least three basal joints are
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 269
tiot sensitive, while the iiun)ber may be still greater, reaching eight
in Geotrupini. In many families the greater number of antennal
joints have sensitive surfaces, while in others that quality is confined
to a limited number of antennal joints, In the first category we
find the Adephaga, Elateridse, Buprestidse, Cerambycid?e, Chryso-
melid^e, while in the second are the Scarabaeidse, the Anobiide and
Bostrichide Ptinidte and Hydrophilidaj. In this latter category the
antenna consists of two well defined parts, the sensitive apical and
the basal, which has no other function than that of a mechanical
support.
It is evident that inasnuich as the basal portion of the antenna is
devoid of the structure which makes the antenna an organ of special
sense, the number of the joints has no importance so long as they
subserve their mechanical function. It is in the joints from the
second to the sensitive club, of Avhatever form that club may be, that
plasticity of structure is illustrated to the confusion of systematic
students.
In the case which has given rise to the preceding discussion we
observe constantly two basal joints of nearly equal dimensions in all
the species, three terminal sensitive joints not very unlike specifically,
and between the two a number constituting a funiculus composed
of four joints in all (with three exceptions), some of which are very
small, and it is not remarkable that joints 4-5, the smallest of all,
should be found to have coalesced in the two species mentioned. For
the same reason the existence of a species (or possibly a genus) with
a still further reduction to a total of seven joints might have been
expected, an occurrence which Dr. Sharp says he has observed in
Metacymus (Biol. Cent. Am. i, 2, p. 65). As there is no reason to
doubt the accuracy of the latter statement, it may be safely assei-ted
that seven joints is the limit beneath which the number will not go
in Hydrophilidce.
The following table will assist in the recognition and arrangement
of our species:
Form oblong, fully twice as long as wide; tarsi slender, the posterior fully as
long as the tibia; pro- and mesosternum absolutely simple; posterior
femora not or feebly pubescent 2.
Form elliptical convex, not much longer than wide ; tarsi stouter, the posterior
pair shorter than the tibiae 3.
2. — Elytra parallel, or oblong oval ; thorax very distinctly punctate, the sides
bordered with pale.
Antennai 9-jointed dissiillilis.
270 GEO. H. HORN.
Thorax with a pale border not alutaceous.
Thorax entirely piceous, and, with the head, alutaceous moratus.
Antennse 8-jointed ; thorax alutaceous iiioiitieola.
Elytra distinctly narrowed posteriorly almost from the humeri; thorax quite
smooth and entirely piceous sutiiralis.
3. — Posterior femora longitudinally strigose and sparsely punctate.
Prosternum distinctly carinate : niesosternum with distinct protuberance.
Elytra very indistinctly punctate; antennae Bjointed despectiis.
Elytra well punctate; autennte 8-jointed... subcupreus.
Elytra not punctate; antennje 7-jointed ; niesosternal elevation almost
laminiform degener.
Prosternum absolutely simple.
Mesosternum more or less protuberant, sometimes, however, with a slight
tubercle only digestus.
Me-sosternum absolutely plane rufiveiifris.
Posterior femora densely punctulate and pubescent, except near the tip;
color never a true piceous black and without reneous lustre.
iiifuscatiis.
V, <Ii!$siniilis Horn. — Oblong, subdepressed, piceous, shining, lateral bor-
der of thorax testaceous, more broadly posteriorly, sometimes also the outer
portion of the apical border (PI. iv, fig. 14) sides of elytra indistinctly paler.
Antennfe 8-jointed, testaceous, club piceous. Head relatively coarsely and mod-
erately closely punctate. Thorax moderately coarsely and closely punctate, hind
angles distinct but obtuse, basal marginal line absent. Elytra oblong, parallel,
narrowed at apical third, sutural stria deeply impressed two-thirds to base, sur-
face closely punctured, a little more coarsely than the thorax, when viewed
longitudinally forming indistinct lines, the two outer striiE faintly indicated by
slightly coarser punctures. Body beneath piceous, opaque. Legs piceous, tibiae
and tarsi pale. Posterior femora with a finely punctured, but not opaque space
near the base, otherwise smooth and spar.sely punctate, anterior and middle
femora den.sely punctulate, opaque and finely pubescent, except the apical third
Length .12— .16 inch.; 3—4 mm.
Prosternum simple, mesosternum without trace of any elevation
whatever.
Maxillary palpi .stout, the pseudo-basal joint (PI. iv, fig. 13) espe-
cially thickened. Claws slender, simple and feebly curved.
This insect resembles strikingly some of the smaller forms of
Cymbiodyta lacustris, and is therefore very much less convex and
more parallel than usual in the present series.
The two specimens from which the original description was made
were plainly immature, the elytra being brown and the legs quite
j)ale, but more mature specimens since obtained are entirely piceous
black with the sides of the thorax very decidedly and of the elytra
indistinctly paler.
Occurs in Oregon and California as far south as San Francisco.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 271
C. moratus n. sp.-Oblong, snbdepressed, pi.eous black, surface will, a verv
taint bronze lustre. Antenna, fl-jointed, testaceous at base, club piceous Head
moderately coarsely and closely punctate, tbe intervals very distinctly alutace-
ous. Thorax moderately, coarsely and closely punctate, more finelv on the disc
intervals alutaceous. Elytra oblong parallel, sutural stria distinctly impressed
two-thirds to ba.se. surface shining, not alutaceous, punctuation coarser, but not
closer than on the thorax, and when viewed longitudinally, especially near the
apex, exhibiting a tendency to form rows. Body beneath piceous, opaque Leg.
entirely p.ceons. Posterior femora faintly strigose, sparsely punctate, middle
and front femora pubescent and opaque, except at tip. Length .12 inch. ; 3 mm.
Prosternum simple, niesosternum without trace of elevation.
Maxillary palpi piceous, stout. Claws slender, simple and feebly
curved.
This species may be readily known from either disswiilis or vion-
hcola by Its entirely piceous thorax, and while it has the head and
thorax distinctly alutaceous as in monticola, it has the 9-jointed an-
tenna? of dissimilis.
Three specimens collected in Utah were kindly given me by Mr
Charles W. Strumberg.
€. monticola n. sp.-Oblong oval, snbdepressed, piceous ; elytra ochraceous
or pale brown, thorax with pale border at apex, sides and base externally (PI iv
ftg. loi. Head entirely piceous, finely but not closely punctate, interspaces ex-
tremely minutely alutaceous. Antenna. 8-jointed ,P1. iv, fig. 17), testaceous
club p.ceous. Thorax three times as wide as long, moderately coarsely, but not
very closely punctate, the intervals distinctly alutaceous, basal marginal line
entirely absent. Elytra oval, sides arcuate, disc more coarsely punctate than the
thorax, coarser near the apex, but more sparse, the punctures seen in a lono-itu-
dinal direction giving the vague appearance of stride, especially near the sides
Body beneath piceous, opaque. Femora piceous, tibiae and tarsi rufo-testaceous'
femora punctulate, pubescent and opaque, except near the apex, the posterior
pair, however, less opaque than the others. Length .10-.14 inch. ; 2.5-3.5 mm
Prosternum and niesosternum entirely simple. Maxillary palpi
short and moderately stout, the basal joint not especially thickened
(PI. iv, fig. 12). Claws slender and simple.
This species has been supposed to be identical with dissimilis, and
as far as color goes, fits the description better than the mature speci-
mens of that species. It differs superficially in color, the elytra beino-
always ochraceous, the number of joints of the antennae and the
form of the pseudo-basal joint of the maxillary palpi. The apical
margin of the thorax is here always with a pale border, never so in
disswiilis, except when the specimens are palpably immature.
Occurs abundantly in the White Mountain region of New Hami)-
shire. I have one from Pennsylvania.
272 GEO. H. HORN.
C Slitnralis Lee. — Oblong oval, narrower posteriorly, moderately convex,
piceous black, very shining, side margin of thorax and lateral border of elytra
beginning one-third from humerus, yellowish testaceous. Antenna 9. jointed,
testaceous, club darker. Head very indistinctly, sparsely punctate. Thorax
very smooth and shining, the punctuation very sparse and tine, indistinct, no
basal marginal line, the lateral pale border sharply limited, wider posterioi'ly.
Elytra very smooth and shining, near the base scarcely at all visibly punctate,
the punctures, however, quite distinct near the apex and at the sides. Body
beneath piceous, opaque. Legs piceous, or rufo-piceous, the tibipe and tarsi always
pale. Posterior femora finely longitudinally strigose, sparsely punctate, not pu-
bescent, middle and front femora densely punctuhite, pubescent and opaque,
except at apex. Length .06 — .08 inch. ; 1.5 — 2 mm.
The prosternum and niesosternum are simple, without trace of
carina. The maxillary palpi short and stout as in inonticola.
This insect has a form in the series entirely its own being distinctly
narrowed posteriorly as in Lhnnobius. In my first studies of it in
1873 it cost me considerable trouble to verify all the facts in relation
to it from the fact that the small size made it troublesome to handle,
and, because at the same time, I was led to differ so completely with
the views expressed by Dr. LeConte. The abdomen has fhe usual
number of segments of Hydrobius, but in the typical male the usually
concealed sixth segment had become unusually prominent, and ex-
hibits at its base a triangular depression, whicii is explained by an
examination of the similar segment in any of the larger species of
the tribe.
The original specific description says " elytris parce suhtiliter pu-
hescentibus," and I have never been able to explain the use of such
an expression in reference to an insect so smooth that even the punc-
tuation is indistinct.
Occurs from Canada southward to Georgia, but not yet recorded
from New England States.
Vj. clespectus Lee. — Elliptical, very convex, piceous, surface distinctly
ieneous. Antennae 9-joiuted (PI. iv, fig. 19), entirely rufo-testaceous. Head
impunctate, very finely alutaceous (subgranular with high power). Thorax
sparsely, finely and indistinctly punctate, surface rather more distinctly aluta-
ceous than the head, no basal marginal line. Elytra very little more distinctly
punctate than the thorax, the punctures distant, intervals distinctly alutaceous.
Body beneath piceous. Legs reddish brown ; posterior femora finely longitu-
dinally strigose and sparsely obsoletely punctate, middle and anterior femora
densely punctulate and pubescent, except at apical third. Length .06 inch.;
1.5 mm.
Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternum with a small but
acute protuberance. Maxillary palpi as in monticola.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 273
This species is so like subciipreus that it might be mistaken for
some of the smaller and smoother forms. The characters of the
sterna and femora are alike in the two species, so that the only ab-
solutely certain method of distinguishing them is in the number of
joints of the antennae. The two species are, however, readily sepa-
rated by direct comparison, notwithstanding their structural resem-
blance. In a species so small as this in which the antenme have a
persistent tendency to fold beneath the head, the counting of the
joints of the antennte is extremely troublesome.
Occurs in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Illinois.
C. siibcupreus Say. — Elliptical, convex, piceons, surface very distinctly
feneous. Antennse 8 jointed (PI. iv. fig. 18), testaceous, club piceous. Front
moderately punctate, clypeus more closely and finely. Thorax equally, not
closely punctate, intervals smooth, no ba.sal marginal line. Elytra punctured
similarly to the thorax, a little less closely and more coarsely towaid the apex,
without any tendency to a linear arrangement of the punctures. Body beneath
piceous, opaque. Legs piceous or brown, the tarsi paler. Posterior femora
smooth, with a few scattered punctures, middle and anterior femora punctulate
and opaque, except at apical third. Length .06 — .08 inch. ; 1.5 — 2 mm.
Prosternum very distinctly carinate, mesosternum with a small,
but acutely pyramidal protuberance. Maxillary palpi stout, formed
as in montlcola.
Specimens are of quite common occurrence in which the sides are
paler, more distinctly so at the apex. The more northern forms of
this" insect are far more distinctly punctate than those from the south,
and some recently collected by Dr. Hamilton on the sea-coast at
Brigantine are, 'as a series, of smaller size than those found inland.
The antennse are really 8-jointed, as observed by Dr. LeConte
(Proc. Acad. 1855, p. 373), although he afterwards doubted his ac-
curacy, but the character has been verified on a number of specimens
by Mr. Blanchard as well as myself,
A very widely distributed species, occurring in the northern por-
tion of the continent from the New England States through Canada
to Oregon, thence South through California to Arizona, Texas, New
Mexico and Nebraska. In the Atlantic region it is not known to
me south of Virginia.
C. dogener n. sp.— Elliptical, convex, piceous, faintly bronzed, sides of
thorax and elytra rather broadly, but indefinitely paler. Autenute 7-joiuted,
rufo-testaceous (PL ix, fig. 28j. Head piceous black, vertex distinctly punctate,
clypeus more finely and sparsely. Thorax shining, very distinctly and moder-
ately closely punctate. Elytra not punctate, the surface finely alutaceous and
subopaque, the sutural stria distinct from apex two-thirds toward base. Body
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (35) AUGUST, 1890.
274 GEO. H. HORN.
beneath piceous. Legs piceous. tibife rufo-piceous. Posterior femora sbining,
loiieitudinally strigfose and sparsely punctate, middle and anterior femora usually
punctulate and pubescent, except for a short space at apex. Length .07 inch.;
2 ram. nearly.
Prosternuni distinctly carinate, mesosternum with a prominent
elevation, almost laniiniform, the free angle prominent and acute.
Resembles despectus, but larger and less convex. The elytra have
no punctures whatever, while in despedus there is punctuation, al-
though feebly impressed and indistinct. The comparatively large
and ])rominent mesosternal crest will afford the most certain means
of separating the species.
The occurrence of but seven joints to the antennje is one of the
most remarkable characters of this species, and it is only after sev-
eral examinations with the quarter inch objective of the compound
microscope that I have been willing to risk the statement.
One specimen, Tampa, Florida, kindly given me by Mr. E. A.
Schwarz.
<'. digestns Lee. — Elli]itical, convex, piceous black, shiuinjj, surface usually
with slight bronze lustre. Antennse 9-joiuted (PI. iv, fig. 20), testaceous, club
piceous. Head moderately, closely and evenly punctate, faintly alutaceous.
Thorax more than three times as wide as long, rather closely punctate, distinctly
alutaceous, basal mai-ginal line faintly evident near the angles. Elytra a little
more coarsely and closely punctate at base than the thorax, more coarsely,
sparsely and very distinctly substriately near the apex. Body beneath opaque,
black. Femora piceous, tibise and tarsi somewhat paler. Posterior femora very
finely longitudinally strigose and sparsely punctate, middle and front femora
opaque, punctulate and pubescent, excejit at apical third. Lengtii .10 — .14 inch. ;
2.5— .3.5 mm.
Prosternuni simple, mesosternum with a very small protuberance
varying to a small tubercle. Maxillary })alpi stout, the pseudo-basal
joint thickened as in dis.'timUis.
This species presents no striking peculiarities. In series it is rather
larger than the other species, and with rather coarser punctuation.
To it rufiventris is closely related, and future collections may pi-ove
them identical.
Occurs from the mountainous regions of New Hampshire westward
through Canada, and southward to New Mexico.
C rufivfiitris Horn. — Elliptical, convex, piceous black, shining, surface
with slight feneous lustre. Autennse 9-joh] ted, basal joints testaceous, club pi-
ceous. Head moderately, closely punctate. Thorax modeiately punctate, the
punctures finer and sparser at middle, denser and coarser at the sides, no basal
marginal line. Elytra more coarsely punctate than the thorax, more sparsely
and coarsely near the apex, where the i)unctures tend to become subseriate: at
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 275
the sides the two outer strife, are sometimes faiutly indicated bj' coarser puuc-
tures. Body beneath piceous black, opaque. Legs piceous or brown. Posterior
femora finely strigose, sparsely punctate, middle and front femora densely punc-
tate, except at apical third. Length .10 — .12 inch. ; 2.5 — 3 mm.
, rrosternum simple, mesosternuni plane, without trace of any
protuberance.
The above description will be found to differ in some points from
that based on the unique in my former paper. That now proves to
have been an immature specimen, hence the unfortunate trivial name.
Superficially, it greatly resembles digestus, and it is only by an ex-
amination of the niesosternum that the two can be separated. As
the protuberance in digestus is sometimes either a short, transverse
ridge, or even a small tubercle, it may be pos.sible that more material
will show the desirability of uniting the two species.
Occurs in Oregon and Washington.
v. iiifuscatus Mots. — Eather broadly elliptical, convex, fusco-testaceous or
ochraceous, head black, usually with a pale spot in front of each eye, suture of elytra
narrowly iufuscate. Anteinise 9-jointed, testaceous, club dark. Head usually
closely punctulate. Thorax pale piceo-testaceous, with a rhomboidal darker
space at middle, an arcuate space each "side less dark (PI. iv, fig. 16), disc dis-
tinctly and moderately closely punctate, a little coarser at the sides, no basal
marginal line. Elytra piceo-testaceous or ochraceous, the suture narrowly
darker, the punctuation a little coarser, but less close than on the thorax, with-
out evidence of linear arrangement. Body beneath piceous, opaque. Legs pi-
ceous, tibisE and tarsi usually paler. Femora of all the legs densely punctulate,
pubescent and opaque, except for a short distance at apex. Length .08— .10 inch. ;
2—2.5 mm.
Prosternum simple, mesosternuni with a transverse ridge acutely
elevated at middle. Maxillary palpi short and stout, the pseudo-
basal joint nearly as thick as in dissimilis.
As a rule the legs and antennal club are dark in color, but speci-
mens have been seen with both comparatively pale.
At first sight this insect resembles .some of the forms of PhiL
nehulosm, although rather broader and more convex. The above
description applies es|)ecially to specimens clean and free of discolor-
ation. Many have merely a general brownish color until properly
deprived of grease, while in others the dark spaces of the thorax
form an indefinite cloud.
H. feminalis Lee. is one of those latter forms in which the punc-
tuation of the surface is a little less distinct. Similar specimens
occur in California.
H. castaneus Lee. is founded on dark, discolored specimens, with
the greater portion of the disc of the thorax piceous, merely the
276 GEO. H. HORN.
•sides paler. The mesosternum is slightly protuberant and within
the recognized limits of variation in mfuscatns, although Dr. Le-
Conte states that the mesosternum is simple.
This species has been compared, very properly, with glohosus Payk.,
both species belonging to Anaesena Thorns.
Occurs from Oregon southward to San Diego, eastward to Wyoming
and Michigan, thence south to New Mexico.
o
In closing a paper it is always a pleasure to acknowledge the as-
sistance given by friends to whom, during the progress of my own
studies, my views have been made known and subjected in advance
to that criticism which must follow publication. Therefore, to Dr.
Hamilton, Messrs. Blanchard, Ulke and Schwarz, I express my
thanks for critical aid as well as for the loan and gift of material.
^ Bibliography and Synonymy.
LeCoiite, Synopsis of Hydrophilidse, Proc. Acad. 1855, pp. 356—375.
Horn. Revision of the gen. and spec, of Hydrob., Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1873,
pp. 118—137.
PIIIL,YDRIIS Sol.
P. carinatus Lee, Synopsis p. 370; Horn, Revis. p. 126.
P. fucatus Horn, Revis. p. 127.
P. cuspidatus Lee. (Hydrohius), Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 597.
P. nebulosus Say (Hydrophilm), Long's E.^ped. ii, p. 277; edit. Lee. i, p. 183;
Horn, Revis. p. 127.
macuUfrons Motsch., Bull. Mosc. 1859, iii, p. 179.
var. cristatus Lee, Synopsis, p. 370 ; Horn, Revis. p. 127.
latiusculus Motsch., loc. cit. p. 178.
pectoralis Lee, Synopsis, p. 370; Horn, Revis. p. 127.
nbttisinsculus Motsch., loc. cit. p. 179.
P. ocliraceus Mels., Proc. Acad, ii, p. 101 ; Lee, Synopsis, p. 371 ; Horn, Revis.
p. 129.
simplex Lee, New Species. 1862, p. 24.
P. perplexus Lee, Synopsis, p. 371 ; Horn, Revis. p. 130.
fuscns Motsch., loc. cit. p. 178.
P. cinctus Say (Hydrophilus), Long's Exped. ii, p. 276; edit. Lee. i, p. 182;
Horn, Revis. p. 129.
limhalis Mels., Proc. Acad, ii, p. 101.
P. censors Lee, New Species, 1862. p. 24 ; Horn, Revis. p. 129.
P. californicus n. sp.
latiusculus X Horn, Revis. p. 130.
P. Hamiltoni n. sp.
P. diffusus Lee, Synopsis, p. 371 ; Horn, Revis. p. 129.
P. reflexipennis Zimiu., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 250; Horn, Revis. ji. 129.
(imjHstulus Casey, Contributions ii, p. 83.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 277
HEL,0€'HARES Muls.
H. maculicollis Muls., Ann. Sc. Phys. Nat. Lyon, vii, p. 379; Lee.,' Synopsis,
p. 370; Horn. Revis. p. 130.
H. normatus Lee. (Philhydrns), Proc. Acad. 1861, p. 341; Horn, Revis. p. 126.
CYMBIODYTA Bedel.
C. punctatostriata Horn {Philhydrus), Revis. p. 131.
C fraterculus Sharp, Biol. Cent. Ani. i, 2. p. 71 ; App. p. 764.
C. dorsalis Motsch. {Hy (J robins), Bull. Mosc. 1859, iii, p. 177.
C. morata n. sp.
C. imbellis Lee. {Philhydrus), Proe. Acad. 1861, p. 341 ; Horn, Revis. p. 131.
C. rotunda Say (Hydrophilus), Journ. Acad, v, p. 188; edit. Lee. ii, p. 292 ; Lec.>
Synopsis, p. 369.
nifens Zinnn., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 250.
C. flmbriata Mels. {Philhydrus], Proc. Acad, ii, p. 101 ; Lee., Synopsis, p. 369.
semi sir iatiis Zimm., loc. cit. p. 250.
C. Blanchardi n. sp.
C. lacustris Lee. {Philhydrus), Synopsis, p. 369; Horn, Revi.s. p. 131.
HELOCOMBfJiSi n. g.
H. taifldus Lee. {Philhydrus), Synopsis, p. 371 ; Horn, Revis. p. 128.
HYDROBIUS Leach.
H. fuscipes Linn., see Muls. Col. Fr. Palpic. p. 122; Horn, Revis. p. 134.
seriatus. insculptus, regularis Lee., Synopsis, p. 272.
H. globosus Say {Hydrophilus), Long's Exped. ii, p. 276; edit. Lee. i, p. 182;
Lee, Synopsis, p. 382 ; Horn, Revis. p. 134.
melxnum {Sphxridium), Germ. Ins. spec. nov. p. 96.
H. latus Horn, Revis. p. 133.
H. scabrosus Horn, Revis. p. 133.
H. tesselatus Ziegler (Spercheus), Proc. Acad. 1844, p. 44; Lee. {Spercho2)si,s),
Class. Col. N. A. edit. p. 47; Horn, Revis. p. 133.
CREIVIPHILUS (Motsch.)
C. dissimilis Horn {Hydrobius), Revis. p. 136.
C. moratus n. sp.
C. monticola n. sp.
C. suturalis Lee. {Limnebius), Proc. Acad. 1866, p. 366; Horn {Hydrobius),
Revis. p. 136.
C. despectus Lee. [Hydrobius], New Species, 1862, p. 25; Horn, Revis. p. 136.
C. subcupreus Say (Hydrophilus), Journ. Acad, v, p. 189; edit. Lee. ii, p. 293:
Lee., Synopsis, p. 373; Horn, Revis. p. 135.
C. degener n. sp.
C. digestus Lee. {Hydrobius], Synopsis, p. 373; Horn, Revis. p. 135.
C. ruflventris Horn {Hydrobius], Revis. p. 135.
C. infuscatus Motsch. (Brachypalpus), Bull. Mosc. 1857, iii, p. 177; Horn, Revis.
p. 135.
feminalis, castaneus Lee, Proc. Amev. Philos. Soc 1878, p. 597.
O
In addition to tlie above species Kirby (Fauna Bor. Am. iv) cites
Philhydrus marglnellus and melanocephalus, two well known European
species, as occurring in Canada. While his identifications are erro-
neous, the descriptions are not sufficiently definite to determine the
species intended, although it is probable that the first is Cymb.
lacustris and the hitter Phil, nebulosus.
278 GEO. H. HORN.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
Fig. 1. — Head and claw of Helochares.
" 2 — Philydrus, showing the series of punctures.
" 3. — Philydrus (Enochnis).
4. — Philydrus cousors % , claws, niesosterual plate and penis.
" 5. — Philydrus cinctus % , same details.
6. — Philydrus perplexus '^ , same details.
7. — Philydrus carinatus 'J, , same details.
" 8. — Philydrus californicus '^ the two claws on each pair of feet, mesoster-
nal plate and penis.
" 9. — Philydrus Hamiltoni '^ , same details.
" 10. — Philydrus fucatus %, , details as in 4.
" 11. — Philydrus diffusus % , details as in 8.
" 12. — Philydrus reflexipenuis % , same details.
" 13. — Philydrus nebulosus, claws of % and penis, mesosternal plates showinj;
variation, sexual and otherwise.
" 14. — Philydrus ochraceous, mesosternal plate.
" 15. — Heloconibus bifidus %, head and claws.
" 16. — Philydrus, posterior leg.
" 17. — Cymbiodyta, posterior leg.
" 18. — Cymbiodyta, mesosternum as seen from a posterior view ; n, lacustris :
6, fimbriata; c, morata ; d, fraterculus ; e, marginella.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Fig. 1. — Head of Hydrobius, antenufe a little too large.
2. — Hydrobius fuscipes, femora as seen beneath.
" 3. — Hydrobius tesselatus, idem.
" 4. — Hydrobius globosus, idem.
5. — Hydrobius latus, idem.
" 6. — Hydrobius scabrosus, idem.
'• 7. — Hydrobius tumidus, idem.
" 8. — Creniphilus infuscatus. idem.
" 9. — Creniphilus dieestus, idem.
" 10. — Hydrobius, right posterior tibia, under view.
" 11. — Creniphilus, idem.
" 12. — Creniphilus monticola, head and palpi.
" 13. — Creniphilus dissimilis, idem.
" 14. — Creniphilis dissimilis, coloration of thorax.
" 15. — Creniphilus monticola, idem.
" 16. — Creniphilus infuscatus, idem.
" 17. — Creniphilus monticola, antenna.
" 18. — (Creniphilus subcupreus, idem.
" 19. — Creniphilus despectus idem.
" 20. — Creniphilus digestus idem.
" 21. — Helopeltis, head and palpi.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 279
A revision of the SPH.ERIDIINI inhabiting
Boreal America.
BY GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
The species known to inhabit our fauna have nev^er received special
study, the " Synopsis of the Hydrophilidse" hy Dr. LeConte, ending
practically at this tribe with the description of a few new species.
A new study of some of the genera allied to Philydrus has made it
advisable to continue the investigation with the hope of arriving at
a clear understanding of the relationship of the two tribes.
The most interesting and instructive structures are found on the
under side of the body along the median line, especially in the modi-
fications of the various forms and developments of the three sternal
pieces.
The mesosternum is especially worthy of attention as we here find
an explanation of the partially develo})ed structures of some of the
species of the tribe Hydrobiini.
In the preceding paper I have endeavored to show that the ine-
sosternal elevation is of two distinct types — first, that forming a true
longitudinal lamina, of which Philydrus is the type, and secondly the
transverse ridge and its modifications, which at times assume a j^seudo-
lamiiuir form. In this latter series Cymbiodyta and Hydrobius fur-
nish typical examples, although the modification of form in the
former is gradual, its greatest development occurring in C- marginella
and continuing still more in Helocombus. Attention is especially
directed to these as occasion will be taken later on to refer to them.
Among the genera of the pi'esent tribe Cercyon alone has the
laminate form of mesosternal elevation, all the others having a
modification of the second type. In order to realize the relationship
of the mesosternal forms other than Cercyon to the modification of
the transverse ridge, it is merely necessary to trace the modifications
already referred to in Cyrtjbiodyta and Helocombus, in which there
is a marked pyramidal elevation, entirely free and distant from the
metasternum. If we now analyze the meso-raetasternal elevation in
PhiTenonotum it will be observed that the mesosternal j)ortion by
itself is quite that of the two genera above mentioned. In PhiBUo-
notum the mesosternum forms merely a small button on the end of
280 GEO. H. HORN.
the inetasternal prolongation. From this we have gradually a larger
extent developed through Dactyl, advectum to the ordinary arrow-
head type so often seen, of which the pentagonal form of Crypto-
pleuruni et al. is plainly a further extension.
In the Cyclonotum series alone the metasternuni is so extended as
to practically form the entire sejiaration of the middle coxae, and in
Phpenonotum is still more prolonged. In the latter genus and Dad.
advectum the structure imitates that of Tropisternus and Hydrocharis
in form, although of different com])osition.
The prosternum is nsnally elevated along the median line in a
carina which varies in height from scarcely more than an elevated
line in many Cercyon, to a lamina of considerable elevation in Dac-
tylosternum.
In the Megasternum group, however, the prosternum is rather
broadly elevated at middle, forming an area of varying shape, which
extends between the front coxse and is on the same plane with the
meso-metasternal surface.
The form of the metasternal episterna does not seem to have at-
tracted attention. It will be observed in the Cyclonoti that this por-
ti(m attains its fullest development in width. In the Cercyones the
episternum is narrower, but with parallel sides, while in the ^lega-
sterni the inflexed elytra cover a portion of the episternum, so that
it seems very narrow, and in Crvptopleurum is concealed in front.
In several species of Cercyon the metasternal area is extended by
a sinuous oblique line directed toward the anterior angles. The
ineaning of this is fully explained in Cryptopleurum in which the
entire area thus limited is abruptly, although slightly, elevated above
the I'emainder of the metasternal area. PI. ix, fig. 9.
The first ventral segment has a distinct carina in all the genera,
except Cyclonotum and Phsenonotum, and in these it will be ob-
served there is no distinct prosternal carina. Phpenotypus has no
distinct prosternal carina, but a well marked ventral carina.
The elytra are extended beyond the lower margin of the body in
all the Cyclonoti, in the Cercyones the acute edge of the elytra is the
true margin of the body, while in the Megasterni the elytra have no
Avell defined acute edge and clasp, the body concealing the metaster-
nal episterna in part and without distinctly discernible epipleuriB.
There are other characters of note which seem to have restricted
value, these will be mentioned under the genera to which they belong.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 281
Dr. Sharp has observed that in one genus, Cyloma, the first joint
of the middle and posterior tarsi is shorter than the second, while in
Perochthes the first joint is lost entirely. The shoitening and final
loss of the first joint of the tarsus in a tribe in which that joint
normally tends to be longer than the second is certainly very curious,
and suggests the thought of relationship in other directions than the
present tribe.
For the better study of the species, and as a means of showing the
relationship between the genera, it is proposed to divide the tribe in
three groups in the following manner :
Elytra extended below the lower surface of body, epipleurje in great part ver-
tical; metasterual side pieces wide Group CYCLONOTI.
Elytra not extended.
Elytra not iuflexed, epipleurse horizontal, distinct; nietasternal side ]iieces
moderate in width, parallel ; prosternum carinate at middle.
Group CERCYONES.
Elytra inflexed, clasping the sides of body, without distinct epipleurte ; nieta-
sternal side pieces narrow, partly covered by the inflexed elytra; jiroster-
num elevated at middle, forming an area Group MEGASTERNI.
Group CYCLONOTI.
In this group the metasternum is prolonged between the middle
coxse, closely united with the mesosternal elevation, the suture always
distinct, and often impressed.
The following genera occur in our fauna:
Prosternum moderately wide in front of the coxse and strongly carinate between
them ; elytra with distinct striae of punctures and an impressed sutural
stria; metasterual side pieces rather wide and with parallel sides; first
ventral segment carinate Dactylosteriiuui.
Prosternum extremely narrow in front of the coxse and not carinate Ijetween
them ; elytra with confused punctuation and a well marked sutural stria-
metasterual side pieces moderately wide, the suture slightly arcuate; first
ventral segment carinate Pllteuotypus.
Prosternum short in front of the coxse and not carinate between them ; elytra
with confused punctuation and no sutural stria ; metasternal area very
small; metasterual side pieces wide, widest at middle, the suture rather
strongly arcuate; first ventral segment not carinate.... Phieuonotuiii.
In addition to the characters given above it will be observed that
the antennal club of Phfenonotum is quite loosely articulated, that
of Dactylosternum rather close, while in Phsenotypus that member
is quite compact.
Other genera have been suggested which .should probably be re-
ferred to this group, viz., Cyclonotum Er., Cyloma, Perochthes and
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (36) SEPTEMBER, 1890.
282 GEO. H. HORK.
Heteryon Sharp. With the exception of the first I find it unsafe
to attempt to correlate them with the others owing to the lack of
data and the evident uncertainty with which others have been given.
DACTYIiOSTERNUlfl Woll.
Mentum quadrate, broader than long, slightly narrower at base,
broadly emarginate at apex, the angles rounded, surface broadly
concave. Labrum scarcely visible ; maxillary palpi moderate in
length, the last two joints equal. Autennte 9-jointed ; tarsi 5-jointed
on all the feet, the first joint nearly as long as the next two. Pros-
ternum strongly carinate ; metasternum prolonged in a process com-
pletely separating the middle legs, the episternum wide, the suture
straight ; raesosternum elevated in front of the metasternal process,
usually in the form of an arrow-head (except in advedum), the suture
between the two sterna well marked. First ventral segment distinctly
carinate. Elytra prolonged downward beyond the body.
Although the more recent authorities, notably Dr. Sharp, have
re-united the species separated by Wollaston with Cyclonotum ; it
seems better to retain them as distinct, or else go to the other ex-
treme of suppressing nearly all the generic names proposed for spe-
cies, which would, in the system of Lacordaire, be considered Cy-
clonotum.
There are several characters which seem quite important for use
in separating the genera. Cyclonotum has not a well marked carina
to the prosternum, nor on the first ventral segment. The antennal
club is rather lax and the suture between the metasternum and its
side })iece is curved posteriorly. Wollaston indicates a diflerence
in the tip of the mandibles, but this is extremely difficult to see
without dissection.
Dactylosternum, on the other hand, has rather a close, but not
compact club. The prosternum has a strong carina, and that of the
first ventral segment is well marked. The lateral sutures of the
metasternum are straight.
From what I can determine from description and the specimens
in hand, Dactylosternum has the elytra striato-punctate, while Cy-
clonotum has a confused punctuation with the sutural stria alone
evident.
One species described below has a form of mesosternal elevation
differing materially from the usual arrow-head form, so that from a
casual observation it would be supposed that the sternal arrangement
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 283
was that of PhKiionotum. This might be considered sufficient
groundwork for a new generic name, but from my study of the va-
riation among the species of Cercyon and the other genera, it is quite
likely that intermediate forms of mesosternum will be found.
The species known to me are the following :
Mesosternal elevation forming a pentagonal or arrow-head-shaped area, convex
transversely. PI. ix, fig. 11.
Prosternum with a slight trace of carination ; elytra with distinctly punctured
^*''''* abdoiniiiale.
Prosternum with a well marked carina, more elevated in front; elytra with
rows of punctures cacti
Mesosternal elevation continuous with that of the metasternum and gradually
narrowed to its apex. PI. ix, fig. 12.
Prosternum with a well elevated carina, higher in front; elytra with rows of
punctures aclvecHim.
D. abdoiuinale Fab.— Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex, piceous
black, shining. Mouth parts rufo-testaceous, the palpi rather paler. Antennffi
testaceous, club slightly darker. Head clearly punctate, more finely and densely
on the clypeus. Thorax closely punctate, a little more coarsely than the head.
Elytra teu-striate, .striae not deeply impressed on the disc, more deeply at the
sides and apex, punctures of strise coarse, nearly distant their own diameters on
the disc, closer and coarser at the sides, intervals flat on the disc, slightly convex
at sides and apex, closely punctate, the punctures a little coarser than those of
the thorax. Body beneath piceous or brownish opaque. Legs piceo-rufous.
Length .18— .20 inch. ; 4.5—5 mm.
This insect was recognized by me some years ago as an inhabitant
of our fauna by the description given by Wollaston. There does not
seem to be an agreement between recent students as to which species
Fabricius had before him, and Dr. Sharp (Biol. Cent. Am. i, 2, p.
769), while using the Fabrician name, quoted it in doubt, as well as
insulare Cast, which, I infer, Bedel considers distinct. While the
settlement of such a doubtful point is impossible at this time, I use
the name adopted by Dr. Sharp, having used a specimen for com-
parison with our own sent me by Bedel as imulare, which Dr. Sharp
considers synonymous with abdominale.
The facies of the species is not unlike several of our striate Cvm-
biodyta, as dorsalis. It may be at once known from any other
in our fauna by the well impressed and rather coarsely punc-
tured elytral stride. The prosternum is not carinate in the sense in
which it is observed in cacti or advectum, but is merely obtusely ele-
vated along the middle. The mesosternal elevation seen directly
from below is in the form of a broad arrow-head, convex transversely.
The species seems to be native to Brazil, whence it has been spread
284 GEO. H. HORN.
to the Antilles and Mexico, and in the Eastern Hemisphere to Ma-
deira and Madagascar. The specimens seen from our fauna are
from Florida and North Carolina.
I>. cacti Lee— Oval, slightly oblong, piceous black, shining. Mouth parts
lather dark rufo-testaceous. Antennae paler testaceous with l)rownish club.
Head closely punctate, more finely in ffont, usually a small group of coarser
punctures on each side of the occiput. Thorax closely and equally, but not
coarsely punctate. Elytra punctulate, a little more coarsely but less closely than
the thorax, the strise replaced by rows of coarser punctures not closely placed,
these rather coarser and deeper at the sides, sutural stria distinctly impres.sed
on its apical half. Body beneath piceous or brownish, opaque, the middle of the
nietasteruum shining, closely, tiuely punctate. Mesosternal elevation similar in
outline to that of D. abdominale, the lower edge on a continuous line with the
metasternum. Prosternum carinate, the carina much more elevated in front.
Legs pale piceo-rufous. Length .20 — .24 inch.; 5 — 6 mm.
In this species the mentum is rather coarsely and closely punctate,
while in ahdoviinale it is nearly smooth. The sculpture varies a little
in degree, the specimens from the hotter regions of Arizona being
somewhat smoother. In nearly all the specimens there will be ob-
served a small ante-basal fovea on the thorax opjiosite the fourth
elytral interval, as in many Cercyon, a faint indication of the same
will be observed in abdominale.
Occurs in southern California and Arizona under decomposing
Cactus, more especially of the more massive forms (Cereus, etc.).
D. advectuin n. sp. — Oval, oblong, slightly oblong, piceous black, shining.
Mouth parts rufo-testaceous, antennae and palpi paler. Head not coarsely punc-
tate, moderately closely on the front, densely on the clypeus. Thorax equally
punctate over the entire surface, a little more coarsely than the head. Elytra
striato-punctate, the punctures of the discal rows finer and distant, those of the
outer three rows much coarser and more deeply impressed, the sutural stria mod-
ei'ately impressed from apex nearly half to base, intervals closely punctate, more
coarsely than the thorax. Body beneath piceous or brownish, opaque; meta-
sternal area shining, finely punctate. Legs piceo-rufous. Length .18 inch.;
4.5 mm.
The mentum is opaque and punctulate, but less coarsely than in
cadi, being intermediate between the latter and abdominale. The
prosternum has a well marked carina, a little more elevated iu front,
but less so than in cacti. The mesosternal elevation is not at all
pentagonal, but the sides are gradually divergent from the base to
the obtuse apex, the form recalling that seen in Hydrophilus, the
lower edge being on the same plane as that of the middle of the
metasternum.
Occurs in Florida, special region unknown. This species may
NORTH AMEKICAN COLEOPTERA. 285
possibly be an introduced one, but I have been unable to identif}'
it. The Mexican species are certainly all different as the form of
niesosternuin would not have escaped the acute observation of Dr.
Sharp, unless that of C. posticatum is similar.
PII.EIVOTVPUS Q. g.
Mentum broader than long, slightly narrowed posteriorly, slightly
convex, sparsely punctate, finely transversely strigose, vaguely emar-
ginate in front. Maxillary palpi moderate, the pseudo-basal joint
slightly inflated, terminal joint a little longer than the preceding.
Antennae 9-joiuted, terminated by a compact, elongate oval, scarcely
flattened club, first joint as long as the club, the intermediate joints
together a little more than half that length. Prosternum extremely
narrow in front of the coxaj, forming a triangular area at middle
which is obtusely carinate. Metasternum slightly elevated along its
middle, prolonged between and entirely separating the middle coxjb,
meeting the metasternum and closely united with it, the latter form-
ing a pentagonal area. Suture betw^een the metasternum and its
episternum very slightly arcuate. First ventral segment carinate at
middle. Legs rather short. Tarsi shorter than the tibite, rigid ; the
first joint scarcely longer than the second.
The above generic name is suggested for a species scarcely larger
than Creuiphihis mbcupreus, which presents some peculiarities for-
bidding its reference to any of the genera at present proposed. It
would have been referred to Perochthes, but Dr. Sharp a.sserts that
but four joints can be detected in the tarsi.
If I interpret Dr. Sharp's meaning correctly, the antennal club is
compact and not loose, as in the foraily generally ; in fact, it resem-
bles in form and appearance the club of a Cuculionide rather than
a Hydro{)hilide.
The meso-metasternal region does not difler greatly from that of
Dactylosternum, except that the two parts are more firmly and broadly
joined at their line of union, and the metasternal prolongation rela-
tively broader than usual in the Cyclonotum series.
The joints of the tarsi are by no means easy to determine, and
from having at one time considered the number of joints four, I am
now able to figure the five.
The mesosternal structure will readily separate the genus from
Phrenonotum, which has also the strongly arcuate lateral suture of
metasternum and no ventral carina.
286 GEO. H. HORN,
From Cyclonotum it differs in the very narrow prosternuni in front
of the coxse, the compact antennal club and slightly convex mentum.
From Dactylosternum it differs in the absence of the carina of the
prosternum, the form of the antennal club, the slightly curved lateral
suture of the metasteruum.
One species is known in our fauna.
P. palmariim Schwarz. — Eather broadly oval, convex, piceous black,
sbiuing. Auteniiie and palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Head minutely transversely
strigose, sparsely punctulale. Thorax minutely alutaceous, sparsely puuctulate.
Elytra sparsely, obsoletely punctate, the punctures confused without tendency
to form rows, sutural stria moderately well impressed from apex one-third toward
base. Body beneath opaque. Legs bright rufo-testaceous. Length .07 inch.;
1.75 mm.
Not very different in form from C. subciipreus, although less dis-
tinctly punctured. The anterior part of the head is usually paler.
The sides of thorax and tips of elytra are described as sometimes
red, but this is rather a translucency than difference of color.
Occurs at Enterprise, Fla., feeding on the sap of Palmetto.
PH.ENONOTIJM Sharp.
Mentum quadrate, a little wider than long, slightly narrowed be-
hind, apex broadly emarginate, lower face concave, more or less
punctured. Maxillary palpi moderate in length, the last joint
slightly longer than the preceding. Antennae 9-j()inted, the club
loosely articulated. Elytra confusedly punctate, without trace of
stride. Prosternum short in front of the coxse; not carinate between
them. Metasternura obtusely elevated along the median line, pro-
longed between and in front of the middle coxte, meeting the me-
sosternal elevation, which forms but a very small part of the inter-
coxal carina. Tarsi 5-jointed, claws simple.
In addition to the characters given by Dr. Sharp, two others,
seemingly of great importance, have been observed. The suture
between the metasteruum and its episternum is a curved line convex
inwardly so that the episternum is narrower at either end than at
middle. The first ventral segment is not carinate.
The first of these characters is only indicated in the posterior part
of the episternum in Cyclonotum orbiculare, and it will be observed
at the same time that its first ventral segment is also not carinate.
'J'hese characters exhibit the intermediate position occupied by or-
biculare in its relation to Dactylosterura and the present genus, and
which is further emphasized by the absence of prosternal carina.
Two species are known in our fauna.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 287
P. estriatum Say. — Eather broadly oval, strongly convex, piceous black,
shining. Autennse. testaceous, club somewhat darker. Mouth parts pale, nien-
tuni piceous, sparsely punctate, shining. Head indistinctly, not closely punctate.
Thorax very little more distinctly punctate than the head, punctures finer in
front. Elytra more coarsely punctured than the thorax, the punctures not dis-
tant more than their own diameter, a little finer toward the apex. Body be-
neath piceous, opaque, metasternal carina shining, sparsely punctate. Legs
piceous Length .12— .14 inch. ; 3 — 3.5 mm.
This insect has much the facies of Cydonotum orbiculare Fab.,
although always smaller and rather broader. The anterior edge of
the mesosternal plate is very nearly vertical.
Occurs in Maryland, Missouri, Florida, Louisiana and Texas.
P. semiglobosum Zimm. — Eather broadly oval, semiglobose. piceous
black, shiuing. Mouth parts testaceous, mentum piceous, sparsely punctate,
shining. Antennae testaceous, club brown. Head spar.sely indistinctly punctate.
Thorax obsoletely, sparsely punctate. Elytra very distinctly punctate, a little
more finely at apex, the punctures separated by more than their own diameters.
Body beneath piceous, opaque, metasternal carina shining, sparsely punctate.
Legs piceo-rufous. Length .10 inch.; 2.5 ram.
This species is very closely related to the preceding, and differs
only in some minor details. It is smaller and more convex, the en-
tire surface less distinctly punctate, and on the elytra the punctures
are more widely separated.
Occurs in Florida.
Group CERCYONES.
In this group the metasternum is not at all, or extremely little
extended between the middle coxse. The prosteruum moderately
wide in front of the coxje and carinate at middle. First ventral
segment distinctly carinate. Elytra with distinct lateral edge, the
epipleune distinct and horizontal. Metasternal side pieces of mod-
erate width, the sides parallel.
The following genera occur in our fauna :
Middle coxte narrowly separated, the mesosternal elevation usually narrow, the
suture between it and the metasternum well marked Cercyoii.
Middle coxte widely separated, the mesosternal elevation forming a rather broad
pentagonal area, which is closely united by its broad base with the meta-
sternum, the suture barely distinct PelosoiiiH.
In these genera the joints of the antennal club are rather closely
articulated. The elytra are usually striate, but a good number have
merely rows of punctures. Several genera have been indicated,
which may be referred here, but one of them, Oostenmm, does not
seem to me separable from Cercyon. Sphferidium belongs here, but
288 GEO. H. HORN.
is not represented in our fauna, the introduction of the name in our
lists is unnecessary, as the finding of a single specimen, and that
even doubtful, does not entitle it to admission.
€ER€Y'OX Leach.
Prosternum scarcely separating the anterior coxte, the median line
carinate in a variable degree. Mesosternum elevated between and
in fi'out of the middle coxjb, its lower edge being either linear, lan-
ceolate or narrowly oval, the suture between the meso- and metaster-
num being always well marked. Tibia? spinulose on their outer edge,
the front tibise entire on the outer edge, except in littoralis.
The metasternum does not project at all between the middle coxae,
but forms an acute angle or broadly rounded edge, in accordance
with the form of the mesosternum and the width of the latter at
base, as will be seen on the figures (PI. ix, figs. 1 to 6). The me-
sosternum is entirely free from the metasternum and can readily on
dissection be disarticulated without fracture.
In the other genera of the Cercyon series the mesosternum forms
a broad plate, its base broad and closely united with the metaster-
num, the suture being at most an impressed line.
After a study of a typical species of Oosternuni, kindly sent me
by Dr. 8harp, and to which our pvbescens belongs, I am unable to
realize that there is sufficient grounds for retaining the genus apart
from Cercyon. It is true the body of the prosternum is a little more
elevated and the carina consecjuently less prominent than in the
majority of Cercyon, but this is merely a variation in degree and
not in structure. The mesosternum is not in any manner different
from several species of Cercyon, as will be seen by examining those
i>f the granarins group.
The characters made use of in the following table are sufficiently
evident and easy to be detected by any one po.ssessing a moderate
series of the species.
The examination of species for the basal marginal line must be
done with some care. When the thorax is somewhat deflexed the
basal marginal line of the elytra assumes a position in relation to
the base of the thorax that is very deceptive.
The use of the basal punctitbrm impressions as a means of sepa-
rating species is of no value. These occur at the base of the median
line and opposite the fourth elytral interval and seem to be the last
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA, 289
survival of the Ijiiear impressions of Helopliorus, and are homolo-
gous with similar impressions, to which attention has been called in
Philydrus et at.
There is considerable variation in color in nearly all the species,
and to an extent which renders it troublesome to distinguish some
of them without close reference to the structural characters, which
are fortunately well marked, enabling groups to be formed.
In glancing over the list of species it will be a matter of surprise
to many that so few of the forms are peculiar to our fauna. It may
also be questionable how many of those common to our fauna and
Europe have been introduced by means of commerce.
In studying Bedel's recent work (Faune du Bassin de la Seine) a
large number of the species are noted as extending their habitat from
temperate Euroj^e through the north of Asia and in some instances to
Japan. Every one of these has been found on our continent, and a
certain number of other well-known European species having oc-
curred leads to the inference that they should also be found in Siberia
(granarius, tridis, depressm).
It seems to me that but a small number of the species owe their
presence in our fauna to introduction by human agency. They ap-
pear to be rather members of a circum-polar fauna equally native
in either hemisphere, distributed at a time when continental division
was less abrupt than in the present geologic era. Many of the spe-
cies c(jiinect directly with the northwestern regions as indicated
above, while others seem restricted to the Atlantic ; these latter, if
any, are the truly introduced specks (melanoeephalus, pygm(ev.s,\ii-
griceps, hceviorrhoidalis). On the other hand it seems probable some
of our Pacific coast species (luniger, fivibriatus, fulvipemiis, adimi-
bratus) occur likewise on the eastern Asiatic coast. In fact, several
Japanese species look very like the first two named.
The species at present known to me have been arranged in ac-
cordance with the annexed table.
Anterior tibise emarginate on the outer edge near the apex, a conspicuous spur
below the notch (PI. ix, fig. 17).
Sides of thorax slightl.y sinuate posteriorly; form subdepressed...littoralis.
Anterior tibise not emarginate (PI. ix, fig. 16).
Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate posteriorly; maritime species •)
Sides of thorax regularly arcuate and narrowed from base to apex. ~
Elytral intervals flat or slightly convex ; species glabrous 3
Elytral intervals alternately subcostiform at apex; surface sparsely pubes-
cent.
14.
TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (37)
SEPTEMBER, 1890.
290 GEO. H. HORN.
2. — Elytral strise deeply impressed from base to apex, intervals slightly convex ;
maxillary palpi stout fiiiibi'iatiis.
Elytral strife not deep ; intervals flat.
Form rather broadly oval ; strife fainter at base ; elytra almost entirely
pale; maxillary palpi stout luniger.
Form rather oblong; strise obliterated at apex; elytra dark, pale at tip .
maxillary palpi slender depressus.
3. — Metasternal area limited to the middle of the metasternum (PI. ix, fig. 2). - 4-
Metasternal area extended by an oblique line which is directed obliquely
toward the anterior angle (PI. ix, fig. 1) 12.
4. — Lateral marginal line of thorax extended for a distance along the basal
margin 5.
Lateral marginal line reaching the hind angles only 6.
5. — Elytra reddish testaceous, a large oval piceous spot on the suture behind the
middle, which extends narrowly to the apex : thorax slightly narrowed
at base unipuncfatus.
Elytra entirely rulb-testaceous or somewhat darker ; thorax regularly nar-
rowed from base to apex quisquilius.
6. — Interval between the seventh and eighth strije normally wide, at least bi-
seriately punctate 7.
Interval' between these strise narrow and uniseriately punctate 11.
7. — Species oval, never very convex, head oblique 8.
Species short, very convex, head vertical ; punctuation of the elytral inter-
vals more indistinct than that of the thorax 13.
8. — Elytra piceous black, with a sharply limited yellowish white space extend-
ing along the side toward the base 9.
Elytra rufo-testaceous, castaneous or piceous, the apex indefinitely paler;
sides of thorax paler 10.
9. — Eighth interval at least biseriately punctulate ; mesosternal elevation narrow.
Elytral strise rather deeply impressed at apex ; apical pale region large,
always extended to the humeral angle prtetextatus.
Elytral strise very faint at apex; apical pale region narrower, rarely
reaching the humeral angle inariiiiis.
10. — Elytral intervals distinctly punctulate, nearly equally with the thorax.
Palpi and antennse piceous ; elytra rufo-castaueous, paler at apex.
fulvipenuis.
Palpi and antennae pale.
Elytra rufo-castaneous, indefinitely paler at apex lateralis.
Elytra piceous, a common indefinite jmle space divided by the suture,
near, but not reaching the apex, humeral umbone paler.
indistiiictus.
Elytral intervals scarcely at all punctulate ; thorax distinctly punctulate.
aduiiibratus.
11. — Color almost entirely testaceous ; head, median space of thorax and humeral
space piceous variegatus.
Color piceous, elytra with an indefinite pale space at apex aiialis.
Elytral strife rather feeble; apical pale space sharply limited by an arcuate
line and not extending along the side margin; mesosternal elevation
oval ocellatus.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 291
12. — Thorax without basal marginal line; thorax entirely black.
Elytra piceous, with pale apex, varying to entirely rufo-castaneous; sur-
face distinctly punctulate; palpi and auteunse piceous.
hseniorrhoidalis.
Elytra reddish, with a large scutellar triangle and humeral stripe piceous.
Palpi pale; epipleurfe piceous; elytra very distinctly punctulate.
melanocephalus.
Palpi pale, last joint piceous; epipleurse pale; elytra indistinctly punc-
tulate pygmseus.
Thorax with distinct basal marginal line ; thorax paler at the sides ; elytra
pale, with a transverse piceous band behind the middle; palpi pale.
iiigriceps.
13. — Surface opaque, more or less alutaceous.
Entire surface alutaceous ; elytral striae fine, but reaching the apex, which
has a pale spot lugtibris.
Elytra alone alutaceous, the striae extremely fine and not reaching the
apex, which has a pale spot tristis.
Surface shining.
Elytral striae deeply impressed, the intervals convex at sides and apex, a
sharply defined apical pale spot, which extends narrowly along the
sides to base; intervals scarcely distinctly punctulate; body beneath
opaque floridanus.
Elytral striae moderately deeply impressed and deeper at apex, which has
no pale spot, intervals sparsely punctulate ; beneath opaque.
granarius.
Elytral striae replaced by rows of fine punctures, intervals sparsely punc-
tulate, apex with a rufous space extending slightly along the suture ;
beneath shining iiavicularis.
14. — Pale rufo-testaceous, head piceous ; elytral striae deep, especially at sides aud
apex; metasternal area not extended pubescent.
C littoralis Gyll. — Oblong oval, moderately convex, piceous black, shin-
ing, elytra usually with a pale space at apex extending more or less along the
side. Antennae testaceous, club piceous, palpi piceo-testaceous, last joiut darker.
Head sparsely indistinctly punctate. Thorax transverse, sides arcuate at middle,
narrowed at apex and base, hind angles slightly obtuse, no basal marginal line,
disc regularly convex, without trace of basal impressions, surface not closely
punctate, the punctures finer in front. Elytra striate, the tenth indistinct, striae
deeper at apex and with fine close punctures, intervals slightly convex on the
disc, more so near apex, punctulate more finely and closely than the thorax.
Body beneath piceous opaque, the metasternal area shining and sparsely punc-
tulate. Prosternum feebly carinate, mesosterual elevation narrowly oval,
sparsely punctulate. Legs rufo-piceous. Length .10 — .12 inch. ; 2.5 — 3 mm.
Several variations in color have been recorded for this species in
Europe, but in the few that I have seen from our coasts very little
difference has been observed, except that one specimen with a slightly
paler thorax has a pale spot each side of the scutellum. The apical
pale spot may be entirely absent. This species is remarkable in
292 GEO. H. HORN.
having the outer edge of the front tibia emarginate near the apex,
with a conspicuous spur below the emargination.
The specimens studied have been collected on Coney Island
(Roberts) and Magdalen Island (Blanchard). Widely extended on
the sea-coast of Europe, extending also into the Mediterranean.
Specimens are in Mr. Ulke's cabinet from Illinois, but without
designation of locality.
Since the above was written Dr. Hamilton has collected numerous
specimens on the coast of New Jersey, at Longj^ort, about equally
divided between those having the apical white space and those totally
black. It seems probable that other localities will produce varia-
tions similar to those observed in Eurojie.
C fiinbriatus Mann. — Oval, moderately convex, color variable. Antennse
testaceous, club brownish ; palpi piceo-testaceous. Head always piceous, sliiulug,
moderately closely punctulate, clypeus slifjbtly alutaceous and subopaque Tho-
rax transverse, the sides feebly arcuate, slightly oblique posteriorly, hind angles
rectangular, base without marginal line, disc evenly convex, a faint depression
at base opposite the scutellum and one each side opposite the base of the fourth
stria, surface finely and closely punctate at middle, more coarsely and less
closely at the sides. Elytra deeply striate, striae not punctate, tenth stria
scarcely evident, intervals moderately convex, finely and closely punctate on the
disc, alutaceous at sides and apex without distinct punctures. Body beneath
dark brown or black, opaque, metasternal area shining, punctate. Prosternum
carinate; niesosternal carina narrowly fusiform. Legs variable in color from
piceo-testaceous to yellowish. Length .10 — .12 inch. ; 2.5 — 3 mm.
This species varies considerably, more especially in color, as follows :
Var. a. — Upper surface piceous black, moderately shining, sides
of thorax pale, either narrowly or widely. Elytra black, the margin
and apex yellowish testaceous; at apex the border of the black space
is very irregular. Body beneath entirely black.
This form will include very well several of the varieties into which
Mannerheim separates the forms.
Var. b. — Head black, thorax yellowish, elytra yellowish, with an
oblique piceous spot on each near the apex of variable size, the suture
at apex narrowly black. Body beneath opaque, black, or dark
brown, the metasternal area and metasternal elevation yellow.
Var. c. — Head piceous. Color of upper surface entirely yellowish
testaceous. Body beneath as in b, but with the abdomen paler brown.
The elytral striae in all the forms end near the base in an abrupt
depression. In many specimens, both of the dark and pale forms,
the first and second strife unite at base by an arch, while in others
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 293
these two stride are as well separated as the others. I can not find
that this has any other than a varietal nseauing.
The mesosternal elevation varies in form, being quite narrow in
most specimens, while in others the lower edge forms a well- marked
punctured surface about one-third as wide at middle as long.
Occurs along the entii-e Pacific coast from Alaska to San Diego
under sea-weed. Mr. Ulke has some labeled Arizona, but it is difiS-
cult to understand how a sea-coast species can occur there,
C luiiiger Maim. — Elliptical, sub-depressed, piceous, moderately shining,
thorax with a small pale spot near the front angles, elytra reddish yellow, with
a narrow crescentic transverse space divided by the suture. Autenuse testaceous,
club piceous. Palpi piceo-testaceous. Head sparsely indistinctly punctate.
Thorax transverse, sides arcuate in front, oblique behind the middle, hind an-
gles rectangular, base without marginal line, disc regularly convex, a vague de-
pression each side slightly in front of the base, opposite the fourth elytral stria,
surface moderately closely punctate, a little more coarsely near the sides. Elytra
finely striate, the striae finely punctate, intervals fiat, finely and moderately
closely punctate on the disc, alutaceous at apex and sides with the punctures
indistinct. Body beneath opaque black, the metasternal area shining and
sparsely punctate. Prosteruum feebly carinate, mesosternal carina long and
linear. Legs piceous, the femora sparsely punctate and indistinctly alutaceous.
Length .16 inch. ; 4 mm.
Thi.s species is the largest occurring within our faunal limits and
with a more depressed form than depressus, which also occurs with us.
The elytral sculpture is remarkable in the fact that the dorsal
region is distinctly punctulate in a triangle, which extends from the
humeral angles to the lunate spot, while the space beyond to the
apex and side is alutaceous with the punctuation very indistinct.
The coloration of the elytra varies notably. The typical form is
that in which a narrow crescentic band crosses the suture one-third
from the apex, with the concavity forward. This may entirely dis-
appear so that the elytra are pale luteous. From specimens seen in
Mr. Ulke's cabinet it is evident that the crescentic band is merely
the remnant of a large discal space.
This species seems related to the eastern Asiatic type of forms,
there being .several species from Japan which I have seen in Dr.
Sharp's collection which resemble it.
Occurs from Alaska southward to California, probably a sea-coast
species.
CJ. depressus Steph.— Oval, slightly oblong, sub-dei)ressed, piceous, elytra
indefinitely paler at apex. Antennse testaceous, the club very dark, palpi testa-
ceous, the last joint darker. Head punctate, rather closely at the sides and apex.
294 GEO. H. HORN.
smoother at middle. Tliorax transverse, regularly convex, sides arcuate at
middle, slightly oblique in front and faintly sinuate jiosteriorly, the angles dis-
tinct, hut not acute, basal marginal line M'anting, disc punctate, but not closely,
a faint impression near the base opposite the 4th elytral stria. Elytra striate, 10th
stria entirely wanting, strife nearly obliterated at apex, finely punctate, intervals
flat, sparsely and indistinctly xnirictate. Body beneath piceons, opaque, meta-
sternal area shining, sparsely punctate. Legs rufo-piceous. Prosternum finely
carinate, mesosternal elevation very narrowly fusiform. Length .08 — .10 inch. ;
2—2.5 mm.
In some of the specimens there is a faint ante-sciitellar impression
at the base of the thorax, but it is variable in extent and constancy.
There seems to be very little variation, except that due to less ma-
turity. One specimen in my cabinet has the first and second strise
united at base by an arch as in some fimbriatus.
Specimens have been collected by Mr. Ulke at Piney Point, Md.
Two others from California are in my cabinet. In Euro{)e it is
widely distributed on the Atlantic and Mediterranean shores*.
C. iinipiinctatus Linn. — Oval, slightly oblong, feebly convex, piceous
black, shining, sides of thorax pale; elytra reddish yellow, with an oval, sutural,
piceous spot behind the middle, extending narrowly along the suture to apex.
Antennse testaceous, club fuscous, palpi testaceous, last joint piceous. Head
moderately closely punctate. Thorax transverse, sides rather strongly arcuate
posteriorly, oblique in front, basal marginal line distinct, except at middle; basal
impressions very vaguely indicated, surface moderately closely punctate, less so
at the sides. Elytra ten striate, strife punctate, but not closely, a little less
deeply impressed at apex, intervals flat, not closely punctulate, the eighth narrow
and with a single row of punctures. Body beneath black, opaque, metasternal
area shining, sparsely punctate. Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal
elevation narrow, closely punctate. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .12 inch. ;
3 mm.
This species shows very little variation. The common piceous spot
may vary in size and color, or the pale margin of the thorax may
be greater or less. From its coloration this sjoecies may be very
readily recognized.
Occurs in our fauna in Canada, New England and Middle States,
westward to Illinois. It is widely distributed in Europe extending
eastward to Siberia.
C quisqiiilius Linn. — Oval, moderately convex, piceous, shining, sides
of thorax pale, elytra variable from dark rufo-testaceous to nearly piceous. An-
tennse and palpi piceous. Head moderately closely, but not coarsely punctate.
Thorax transverse, the sides regularly arcuately narrowed from base to apex, the
basal marginal line distinct at outer third, ante-basal impressions faintly distinct
opposite the fourth stria, surface moderately closely punctate, less closely at the
sides. Elytra ten-striate, strise rather closely punctate, those of the disc indis-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 295
tinct near base, deeper near apex, intervals flat, moderately closely punctate on
the disc, but much more sparsely at sides and apex, eighth interval not narrow,
biseriately punctulate. Body beneath opaque, metasternal area shining, punc-
tate. Presternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation linear. Legs red-
dish. Length .08 inch. ; 2 mm.
The usual color of the elytra is reddish brown, but they may be
paler, but from the specimens I have seen from our regions very
rarely as pale as in unipundatus. Superficially, the species resem-
bles quite small hcernorrlioidalls (nigricollis Saij), but that species has
a basal marginal line and has the metasternal area extended by an
oblique line.
Gyllenhal and Erichson considered this species the male of uni-
pimctatus, but the form of the thorax and the difference in the eighth
elytral interval will readily separate the two.
At the present time specimens are known to me from the Pacific
coast alone, from Washington southward to California. In Europe
it is widely distributed extending to Siberia and Japan. Its presence
on our continent cannot be attributed to commerce as is doubtless
the case with impundatus in the Atlantic region.
€. prjetextatus Say.— Oval, moderately convex, piceous black, shining;
anterior angles of thorax and large sharply defined space at apex of elytra which
extends along the margin to the humeri, yellow. Antennie testaceous, club
darker, palpi pale testaceous. Head piceous, shining, often with two small pale
spots on the vertex, surface rather closely punctate. Thorax transverse, the sides
arcuately narrowing from base to apex, basal marginal line wanting, disc regu-
larly convex, without trace of basal impressions, surface closely and evenly
punctate. Elytra ten-striate, striaj slightly deeper near the apex and closely
punctate, intervals closely punctate in a large triangular space at base, but much
more sparsely near the apex and sides. Body beneath piceous, opaque : meta-
sternal area shining and punctate. Prosteruum distinctly carinate, mesosternal
elevation rather thick, the sides nearly parallel, punctate. Femora rufo-testa-
ceous, tibias and tarsi darker. Length .10—12 inch. ; 2.5—3 mm.
This species exhibits comparatively little variation. The front
angles of the thorax are usually tipped with yellow, but sometimes
this color extends nearly to base, in which case the pale border is
wider in front. The apical pale space of the elytra also varies in
extent, but not greatly. The limit between the two colors is very
sharply defined, but the line of demarcation is somewhat irregular.
The only species with which this might be confused is a7ialis,
which will be known by the indefiniteness of the apical pale space
and the very narrow eighth interval with but one row of punctures.
Occurs from Canada to Florida and westward to Kansas.
296 GEO. H. HORN.
C inariiins Thorns. — Oval, moderately convex, piceons black, shining ;
sides of thorax bordered with pale, elytra with yellowish testaceous space, well
defined, extending along the side very nearly to the humeral angles. Antennse
piceo-testaceous, club darker, palpi piceo-testaceous. Head moderately punctate,
not very closely. Thorax transverse, sides regularly narrowed from base to apex,
basal marginal line wanting, lateral ante-basal impressions small, puuctiform,
surface rather more coarsely and closely punctured than the head, sparser toward
the sides and a little finer in front. Elytra ten-striate, stri?e punctate and in-
distinct at apex; intervals flat, closely punctate, more sparsely near apex and
coarser at the sides; epipleurse piceo-rufous. Body beneath opaque black, meta-
sternal area shining, punctate. Prosternum distinctly carinate; mesosternal
elevation very narrowly lanceolate. Legs piceo-rufous, the femora darker.
Length .10— .12 inch. ; 2.5—3 mm.
This species closely resembles prcetextatn^, and would readily be
mistaken for it. The apical pale space is equally sharply defined in
both species and in prcetextatus always reaches the humeral angles,
but in the present species is nearly always a little shorter. In the
larger number of specimens the lateral pale border is nari'ow and
dilates near the apex into the apical space, but in prcpiextatus the
border is broad and becomes rapidly broader about one-third from
the base. From this it will be seen that our native species has a
much larger extent of pale area. It will be observed in prcetextatus
that the palpi and antennae are pale, wdiile both are piceous in mari-
tiinus. In prceiextatiis the striae are deeper and more coarsely punc-
tate and more distinct at apex, while in maritbniis the striae are faint
at apex, and at the sides the interstrial punctures are nearly as
coarse as those of the strire.
Occurs in British Columbia at Lake Lahache, extending eastward
to Dakota. The species is widely distributed in the north of Europe
and Asia.
C. falvipennis Mann. — Oval, moderately convex, piceous black, shining,
sides of thorax pale, elytra brownish or piceo-testaceous, sides and apex some-
what paler. Palpi and antenuse piceous, the latter with a darker club. Head
rather coarsely and moderately closely punctate. Thorax transverse, sides regu-
larly arcuate, punctured similarly to the head, basal marginal line wanting,
lateral ante-basal impressions very indistinct. Elytra ten-striate, the tenth
stria represented by a row of punctures, strife moderately deeply impressed even
to apex, rather closely punctate and more coarsely at the sides, intervals flat,
closely punctate on the disc near base, but more sparsely at apex and sides.
Body beneath black, opaque; metasternal area shining, sparsely punctate. Pro-
sternum distinctly carinate, metasternal elevation linear. Legs rufous. Length
.10— .12 inch. ; 2.5—3 mm.
This species bears a strong superficial resemblance to quisqallms,
hcBmorrhoidalis and lateralis. From the first it is known by the ab-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 297
senee of the basal marginal line, from the second by the absence of
the oblique metasternal line. To lateralis it is more closely related,
and seems to differ only in the darker antennte and paljji. It seems
to be therefore intermediate between lateralis and obsoletus, the latter
having similar palpi, but an entirely black thorax.
Occurs from Alaska southward to Washington and California.
C lateralis Marsh. --Oval, moderately convex, piceoiis black, moderately
shining, sides of thorax pale, elytra reddish brown, apex somewhat paler. An-
teuuee rufo-testaceoiis, club darker. Palpi pale testaceous. Head moderately
punctate, not closely nor coarsely. Thorax transverse, regularly arcuate from
base to apex, basal marginal line and ante-basal impressions wanting, surface
moderately, not closely punctate, although a little variable. Elytra striate, striae
closely punctate, deeper near the apex, intervals fiat, more convex at apex, closely
punctulate, but more sparsely near the apex, tenth stria not impressed, replaced
by a row of punctures. Body beneath black, opaque ; metasternal area shining,
sparsely punctate. Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation linear.
Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .10— .12 inch. ; 2.5—3 mm.
This species closely resembles fulvipennis, and is usually mixed
with it in the specimens examined by me, but it may readily be
known by the pale palpi and antennae. The punctures of the elytra
are also rather more distinct and closer than in that species. The
sides of the thorax vary in the extent of the pale border. It is also
similar to hcemorrhoidalis, but the latter has the metasternal area
continued by the oblique line.
Occurs in Alaska and the coast regions to California. It is widely
distributed in middle and northern Europe, extending to Siberia.
C indistiiictus n. sp. — Oval, moderately convex, piceous black, shining;
sides of thorax slightly paler, an indistinct spot on umbone.and a transversely
oval pale spot near the apex of the elytra, divided by the suture, not reaching
the apical margin. Palpi piceo testaceous, last joint piceous. Antennse entirely
pale rufo-testaceous. Head not closely nor coarsely punctate. Thorax trans-
verse, the sides arcuately narrowed to the front, basal marginal line and basal
impressions wanting; surface moderately not closely punctate, the punctures
finer and more distant at sides and apex. Elytra ten-striate, the tenth feeble,
strife crenately punctate, slightly deeply at apex, intervals flat, moderately
closely punctate on the disc, more finely than the thorax ; epipleurse piceo-ru-
fous. Body beneath opaque, black ; metasternal area smooth, sparsely punctu-
late. Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation very narrow. Legs
piceo-rufous. Length .10— .12 inch. ; 2.5—3 mm.
This species resembles analis, but differs in having the eighth in-
terval with two rows of punctures. The subapical pale space of the
elytra is always separated from the margin by a dark space, while
in analis the spot is nearly always marginal. It could not be con-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (38) SEPTEMBER, 1890.
298 GEO. H. HORN.
founded with any of the forms allied to hcemorrhoidalis, as these have
the metasternal area continued by an oblique line. The entire an-
tennae, including the club, are pale rufo-testaceous and will distin-
guish it from any species with which it could, by any possibility, be
confounded.
Occurs at Grimsby, Canada (Pettit), and southward to Pennsyl-
vania (Dietz).
C aduinbratiis Maun. — Oval, moderately convex, variable in color from
l)iceo-testaceous to piceous. but with the sides of thorax and elytral apex indefi-
nitely paler. Palpi and antennae piceo-testaceous, the latter with darker club.
Head moderately, coarsely, not closely punctate, smoother at sides and apex.
Thorax with sides a little more arcuate in front of the bind angles, basal mar-
ginal line wanting, ante-basal impressions very indistinct, disc moderately punc-
tate, punctures finer in front and almost obsolete at the sides. Elytra striate,
the tenth obsolete, strise deeper at sides and apex, those of the disc scarcely
visibly punctate, those at sides distinctly so, intervals of the disc almost abso-
lutely smooth, those at sides very indistinctly punctate. Body beneath piceoirs,
opaque; metasternal area shining, punctate. Prosternuni distinctly carinate,
mesosternal elevation very narrow, but with a distinctly punctate edge. Legs
rufo-testaceous. Length .08 — .10 inch.; 2 — 2.5 mm.
This species in its variation resembles several species, notably
lateralis and fulvlpennls, but may be at once known from all of them
by the almost entire absence of interstrial punctuation.
The color varies greatly, as indicated, and Mannerheim describes
it from ferruginous to fusco-piceous. In the curve of the sides of
the thorax it resembles unipundatus.
Occurs from Alaska southward to Vancouver and Washington.
<'. variegatus Sharp. — Oval, convex, moderately shining, above testaceous,
head piceous with a vertical yellow spot, thorax with a broad, median, piceous
space, a spot on eacii side in front, these often confluent; elytra with a short
piceous stripe at humerus below the umbone. Antennse testaceous, club piceous,
jialpi testaceous. Head shining, moderately closely, but not coarsely punctate.
Thorax transverse, the sides regularly arcuate from base to apex, disc regularly
convex, a faint trace of an impression near the base opposite the fourth elytral
stria, basal marginal line absent, surface moderately, coarsely and closely punc-
tate, smoother near the sides. Elytra finely striate, more deeply near the apex,
these faintly and distantly punctulate on the disc, but much more distinctly
punctate at the sides, tenth stria nearly ab.sent, intervals moderately closely
punctate, except near apex, the eighth interval narrower, and with but a single
row of punctures. Body beneath piceous opaque, abdomen sometimes much
paler, metasternal area shining, spai-sely punctulate. Prosternuni feebly carinate,
mesosternal elevation linear. Legs pale rufo-testaceous. Length .08 — .10 inch.;
2—2.5 mm.
This species seems very consistent in color from my series, and
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 299
Dr. Sharp does not state to the contrary. The thoracic markings
give the species somewhat the appearance of pale specimens of
Creniphilus infuscatus. The strias are described by Dr. Sharp as
being ahnost impunctate ; this is true of those of the disc, but not
at the sides. No mention is made of the fact that the eighth inter-
val has but one series of punctures. The fact was observed by
Bedel (Faune i, p. 337) in analis, but he erroneously states that it
is the ninth interval, while in the present sj-jccies and analis it is
certainly the interspace between the seventh and eighth stria?.
Occurs at New Orleans, La. Dr. Sharp records it in various
places in Mexico, and as far south as Nicaragua.
C analis Payk.— Oval, moderately convex, piceous black, shining, elytra
with an indefinitely limited pale space at apex, which always reaches the apical
border. Antennse testaceous, club pale brown, palpi testaceous. Head moder-
ately coarsely and closely punctate, clypeus smoother. Thorax transverse, sides
arcuately narrowing from base to apex, base with faint traces of impressions in
front of the scntellum and the fourth elytral stria, the basal marginal line want-
ing, disc moderately closely punctate, the punctures less dense and less impressed
at the sides. Elytra striate, equally from base to apex, tenth stria very distinct,
strife closely, but not coarsely punctate, intervals flat, moderately closely punc-
tate, the eighth interval narrow and with but a single row of punctures. Body
beneath piceous, opaque; abdomen often brown; epipleurse pale, metasternal
area shining, rather coarsely punctate. Prosternum distinctly carinate; me.so-
sternal elevation narrow, but not linear. Legs piceous, or rufo-piceous. Length
.08— .10 inch. ;. 2—2.5 mm.
This species may be quite black, varying to brownish, probably
from less maturity. The apical pale spot is variable in size, being
sometimes quite a narrow border, and from that covering the apical
third of the elytra. It does not, however, extend along the side.
From any other of the species with pale apex this may readily
be known by the narrow eighth interval, in which there is but a
single series of punctures. As specimens occur almost entirely pice-
ous, the epipleurre and legs are then very dark.
In our fauna this species is known to me from upper Canada,
New England States, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Iowa and Louisiana.
It is widely distributed in Europe, extending to Algeria and Siberia.
C ocellatus Say. — Oval, slightly oblong, convex, piceous black, shining;
elytra with yellowish white apical space occupying one-third the surface, sharply
defined, limited in extent at the side to a point opposite the posterior coxae,
suture piceous to apex. Antennae testaceous, club darker. Maxillary palpi pale,
last joint usually darker. Head comparatively coarsely and moderately closely
punctate. Thorax entirely piceous, or with apical angle alone paler, convex;
300 GEO. H. HORN.
sides regularly arcuate from base to apex, surface punctate similarly to the head,
base without marginal line or larger punctures. Elytral striae scarcely at all
impressed, but with moderate sized, closely placed punctures, which are equally
distinct at apex, the outer rows of punctures coarser and deeper than those of
the disc, intervals flat, distinctly puuctulate near the base, but less coarsely than
the thorax, and at apex very indistinctly, the interval between the seventh and
eighth striae narrow and with a single row of punctures. Body beneath piceous
opaque, metasternal area shining, sparsely punctate, distinctly limited. Proster-
num distinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation oval, uearlj' half as wide as long.
Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .08 inch.; 2 mm.
This species is closely related to unalis in many ways, more par-
ticularly in the fact that the eighth elytral interval is narrow and
has but a single series of punctures. The apical pale space is better
defined than in any species in our fauna, being limited in front by
a regular arcuate line. In raarimis and prcetextahis the pale si)ace is
also sharply limited from the piceous, but the edge is somewhat ir-
regular, and the pale tends toward the humeri in a narrow band.
From the descriptions at my command it is not possible to say in
what manner this species differs from bifeiiestratus (palustris Th.) of
Europe, but as Bedel places the latter in the series in which the
eighth interval is at least biseriately punctate, it is probable that our
species is different.
Three specimens from Michigan and Illinois in Mr. Ulke's cabinet,
also from Canada.
■C. hieiuorrhoidalis Fab. — Oval, moderately convex, piceous: elytra
piceo-castaueous, brownish or somewhat paler, the apex usually paler than the
disc. Palpi and auteunfe piceous, the latter with very dark club. Head rather
coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax entirely piceous, the sides regularly ar-
cuate from base to apex, basal marginal line and ante-basal impressions wanting,
surface closely punctate ; elytra ten-striate, the tenth replaced by a row of punc-
tures, striae distinct at apex, moderately closely punctate, intervals flat, densely
punctulate, more sparsely at the sides and apex ; epipleurae pale. Body beneath
black, opaque; metasternal area shining, sparsely punctate and extended by a
line directed toward the outer front angles. Prosternum carinate, mesosternal
elevation elongate-lanceolate, punctate. Legs piceo-rufous, femora darker.
Length .10— .12 inch. ; 2.5—3 mm.
This species varies in the color of the elytra from piceous to cas-
taneous, those which I have seen belong to the latter variety, but
have usually a narrow dark border along the base, which extends
along the suture nearly to apex. The sutural angle of the elytra
shows a tendency in many specimens to be slightly prolonged, but
this is by no means constant, nor does it have the value which
Thomson assigned to it.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 301
Several species have reddish brown elytra and very closely resem-
ble this, but here the thorax has never a paler border and the iiieta-
sternal area is prolonged by an oblique line.
This species is the one which has been known by us as nigricolle
Say, or flavlpes Fab. In Europe the species and the name have
been equally misunderstood by all but the more recent authors, as
will be apparent to any one who will seek for a good description of
the species under the name adopted.
Occurs in our fauna from Canada and the New England States to
North Carolina and westward to Illinois. It is widely distributed
in Europe, also in the north of Africa and western Asia.
C inelaiioceplialus Linn. — Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex,
piceous, shining; elytra rufescent, or pale castaneons, with a triangular piceous
space extending from the base two-thirds or more to apex, and a short humeral
stripe piceous. Antennae, and palpi pale testaceous. Head indistinctly, not
closely punctate. Thorax entirely piceous, sides regularly arcuate from base to
apex, basal marginal line and ante-basal impressions wanting, disc rather finely,
not closely punctate. Elytra ten-striate, the tenth replaced by indistinct punc-
tures, striae distinctly impressed to apex and punctate, intervals indistinctly
punctulate; epipleurae piceous. Body beneath opaque black, metasternal area
shining, sparsely punctate, obliquely extended to the outer front angle by a
line. Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation narrow, but with
a distinctly punctate area. Legs pale rufous. Length .08 — .10 inch. ; 2 — 2.5 mm.
This species varies in the extent of the piceous triangle of the
elytra, which is sometimes quite small and well defined, or covering
the greater part of the disc of the elytra.
Smaller specimens resemble pyginceus, but are more convex and
with a more distinctly punctate surface. In the present species the
palpi are entirely pale, while in pygmceiis the terminal joint is piceous.
Occurs from Canada to Pennsylvania and westward to Missouri.
In Europe it is widely distributed, and extends to northern Africa
and the north of Asia.
^' pygniaPtis 111 ig.— Oval, slightly oblong, piceous black, elytra piceo-
rufous, or paler, with a large triangular basal space of variable extent and a
humeral stripe piceous. Antennae piceo-testaceous, club darker, palpi pale testa-
ceous, the last joint piceous. Head distinctly, not closely punctate. Thorax
entirely piceous, the sides regularly arcuate from base to apex, basal marginal
line and ante-basal impressions wanting, sometimes a small ante-scutellar im-
pression, surface moderately closely, but not deeply punctate. Elytra striate,
the tenth very indistinct, strife punctate and deeper at base, intervals fiat, sparsely
indistinctly punctate, much more finely than the thorax; epipleurse pale. Body
beneath piceous, opaque ; metasternal area shining, punctate, continued by a well
elevated line to the anterior angles. Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal
302 GEO. H. HORN,
elevation very narrow, but punctate. Legs pale rufo-piceous. Length .05 — .08
inch. ; 1.25 — 2 mm.
This species varies in the manner indicated for melanocephalas.
The discal space of the elytra may cover fully half the entire area
or it may be reduced to an indistinct cloud around the scutellum.
Resembles in general appearance and coloration inelanocephahis,
but is always smaller and with pale epipleurre. The punctuation of
the elytra is much less distinct than that of the thorax.
AVidely distributed over the eastern United States from Canada
to Maryland. In the eastern hemisphere it is spread throughout
Europe, northern Africa and northern Asia. It seems to have a
tendency to become cosmopolitan.
C. iligriceps Marsh. — Oval, morlerately convex, piceons. shining, sides of
thorax indefinitely paler; elytra reddish testaceous, with a common fuscous spot
behind the middle. Antennae and palpi pale testaceous. Head distinctly, not
closely i>unctate. Thorax regularly convex, sides arcuately narrowed from base
to apex, basal marginal line distinct at the s^des, a slight impression in front of
scutellum, surface finely not closely punctate. Elytra moderately deeply striate,
the tenth obliterated, striae relatively coarsely punctate, the intervals slightly
convex, scarcely distinctly punctate; epipleurse pale. Body beneath, opaque
black, raetasternal area shining, punctate, prolonged by an elevated line to the
anterior angles. Prosternum distinctly cariuate, mesosternal elevation linear,
smooth. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .05 — .08 inch. ; 1.25 — 2 mm.
In many specimens the metasternal area is pale. In the majority
of the native specimens examined the median fuscous cloud of the
elytra is very indistinct, but when distinct it forms a broadly cres-
centic transverse band, while specimens often occur with the elytra
entirely pale.
From its small .size this species cannot be mistaken for any other
except, possibly, pygmceus, which, apart from color, differs in the
absence of a basal marginal Hue.
In our country this species is widely diffused, and is known to me
from Canada to Louisiana and Indiana, also from Los Angeles, Cal.
In its distribution in the eastern hemisphere Bedel remarks that it
is almost cosmopolitan.
C. Iiigubris Payk. — Oval, convex, narrower behind, piceous black, sub-
opaque, entire surface finely alutaceous ; elytra at apex with a well defined pale
space extending along the side margin. Autenupe rufo-testaceous, club slightly
darker, palpi testaceous, last joint darker. Head moderately, finely, closely
punctate. Thorax piceous, near the side margin indistinctly paler, sides regu-
larly arcuate and narrowed to apes ; basal marginal line wanting, a faint basal
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 303
impression opposite the fourth stria, surface more distinctly punctate than the
head and more decidedly alutaceous. Elytra finely striate on the disc, more dis-
tinctly impressed at sides and apex, the tenth stria wanting, striae finely punctate
on the disc, more coarsely and closely at sides, intervals flat, alutaceous, not dis-
tinctly punctate. Body beneath opaque black, nietasternal area shining, punc-
tate. Prosternum distinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation very narrowly oval,
punctulate. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .06 inch. ; 1.5 mm.
This species resembles granarius in having the elytral strise entire,
but differs in its opaque surface and the presence of an apical pale
spot. In the last two characters it resembles tristis, which has very
fine strise, not distinct at apex.
Specimens in my cabinet from Nevada have the striae of the disc
somewhat more distinct, and consequently more distinctly punctate
than those from Canada oi- others from Sweden, but I can find no
reason for separating them as a distinct species.
Occurs in our fauna in Canada and New England States to Mary-
land, also in California and Nevada. It is widely spread in middle
and northern Europe, extending to Siberia.
C!. tristis Illig. — Oval, convex, distinctly narrower behind, black, subopaque,
alutaceous ; elytra with an apical pale space. Antennse testaceous, with darker
club, palpi pale testaceous, the last joint piceous. Head shining, distinctly and
moderately closely punctate. Thorax piceous, shining; sides arcuately narrowed
from base to apex, basal marginal line and ante-basal impressions wanting; sur-
face relatively coarsely punctate, a little closer at middle than at the sides.
Elytra distinctly alutaceous and subopaque, the strife replaced by rows of fine
punctures not closely placed, which are almost entirely obliterated at the sides
and apex, intervals flat, obsoletely punctulate near the base only. Body beneath
opaque black ; metasternal area shining, sparsely punctate. Prosternum dis-
tinctly carinate, mesosternal elevation lanceolate, with a distinctly punctate
surface. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .06 inch. ; 1.5 mm.
The difference between this species and lugubrls have already been
referred to. In addition, it will be observed that the mesosternal
elevation presents a rather larger ai-ea than in either that species or
granarius. The pale space at the apex of the elytra is not strongly
defined and extends along the side nearly to base. The epipleurae
are pale in all three species.
Specimens are known to me from Ohio and Michigan, westward to
Iowa, Dakota, California, Washington and Nevada. In the eastern
hemisphere it occurs from northern Europe to Siberia.
C. liori«lamiS n. sp. — Oval, slightly more narrowed behind, convex, head
vertical, piceous black shining; elytra with a well defined apical pale space,
which extends narrowly along the side to the humerus. Antennse rufo-testace-
304 GEO. H. HORN.
ous with (lai-ker club; maxillary palpi testaceous. Head moderately, coarsely
and closely punctate. Thorax convex, arcuately narrowed from base to apex,
the punctuation similar to that of the head, base without marginal line or larger
punctures, color piceous, sometimes with the side indistinctly paler. Elytral
striie rather deeply impressed and entire, the inner five scarcely visibly punc-
tate, the outer five gradually more coarsely and deeply punctate to the tenth ;
intervals slightly convex, especially laterally and at apex, the punctuation
scarcely visible; the apical yellowish white spot is sharply defined, but the ante-
rior edge is irregular, it extends along the side margin external to the tenth
stria from the middle to the humeri. Body beneath piceous opaque, metasterual
area limited, shining, sparsely punctate. Prosteruum distinctly carinate; nie-
sosternal elevation narrowly oval, coarsely punctate. Legs rufo-testaceous.
Length .08 inch, ; 2 mm.
This species falls very naturally into the granarius series by its
form and convexity. Its entirely shining surface relates it to grana-
rius, from which it is readily known by the much deeper stride and
the well defiued apical pale space. In the last peculiarity it resem-
bles//r'ceiercfotus and its allies, but differs from them in the compara-
tively smooth elytral intervals, the punctuation being even less dis-
tinct than in granarius, so that the contrast between the punctate
thorax is probably better marked than in any species of the granarius
series.
Occurs in Florida.
C. granarius Erichs. — Oval, narrower behind, convex, piceous black,
shining. Antennae and palpi testaceous. Head very distinctly and moderately
closely punctate. Thorax entirely piceous, sides arcuately narrowed from base
to apex, basal marginal line and ante-basal impressions wanting, surface finely
and indistinctly punctate at middle, more coarsely at the sides. Elytra striate,
less deeply on the disc, much more deeply at sides and apex, tenth stria wanting,
strife punctate, rather coarsely crenately at sides and apex, intervals flatter on
the disc, convex at sides and apex, scarcely perceptibly punctulate. Body be-
neath opaque black; metasterual area not prolonged. Prosteruum distinctly
carinate, mesosternal lamina narrowly oval, the lower edge longitudinally con-
cave and distinctly punctate. Legs rufo-piceous. Length .06 inch.; 1..5 mm.
This small species presents nothing special, except a certain re-
semblance to Cryptopleurum minuhim, on account of the deeper ely-
tral strife than the species with which it is associated. It is the
minusculwn Mels. and until now has not been recorded in our fauna
vmder the European name.
Occurs in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and District of Columbia.
In Europe it occurs in France, Germany, Sweden, and probably in
other regions whose references have escaped me.
KORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 305
C iiavicularis Zimm. — Oval, narrower posteriorly, piceous black, shining;
elytra slightly rufescent at tip and along the suture posteriorly, body very con-
vex. Antennse and palpi pale testaceous. Head sparsely, finely and indistinctly
punctate. Thorax almost absolutely smooth, a few sparse and fine punctures
near the sides, these regularly arcuate from base to apex ; basal marginal line
and impressions absent. Elytra very convex, rapidly declivous posteriorly, the
sutural region slightly elevated on the declivity, surface with strife of very fine
punctures, which are, however, more distinct at sides and apex, the interstrial
spaces very sparsely punctate. Body beneath piceous, shining sparsely punctate.
Metasternal area with a fine, but distinct oblique line. Prosteruuni distinctly
carinate, mesosternal elevation lanceolate, longitudinally sulcate, metasternura
in front truncate. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .06 inch.; 1.5 mm., or a little
longer.
Zimmermann describes the species as having a slight bronze re-
flexion, but I have not observed this. He also states that there are
eleven rows of punctures, which is true if the extreme marginal row
is counted, but this is usually omitted in the count of discal strise.
In form the species is very convex, the sides of the elytra nearly
vertical, in fact slightly clasping the body.
This insect has cost me some trouble, but with the result of leaving
it with Cercyon. Two characters are, however, rather at variance
with that genus. The metasternum at its junction with the meso-
sternal elevation is truncate and not acute, as in all other Cercyons
examined and the under side of the body is shining and not opaque.
The first of these characters is very plainly foreshadowed by grana-
rius, which has a similarly shaped mesosternal elevation, although it
is flat and not grooved as in the present species.
While the presence of the oblique metasternal line might cause it
to be referred to the series under category 2 in the table, I prefer to
associate it with the granarius series. In any event the shining
underside will readily distinguish it from these or any other of our
Cercyones.
Occurs from Canada and Michigan southward to the District of
Columbia and Louisiana, westward to Kansas. A specimen in my
cabinet labeled California, differs only in having the punctures of the
strise better marked.
C!. pubescens Lee— Oval, more attenuate posteriorly, moderately convex,
rufo-testaceous, head piceous, surface sparsely pubescent. Antennse and palpi
rufo-testaceous. Head usually piceous, sometimes rufo-testaceous. surface
sparsely, finely and very indistinctly punctate. Thorax narrowed in front, sides
arcuate from base to apex, a faint basal marginal line and a slight impression
opposite the base of the fourth stria, surface slightly rugose, but without punc-
tures. Elytra with nine rather deeply impressed punctured strife, the intervals
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII. (39) OCTOBER, 1890.
306 GEO. H. HORN.
flat on the disc, convex at apex, and alternately subcostiform, the surface ex-
tremely minutely, sparsely puuctulate. Body beneath a little darker than above,
subopaque, metasternal area shining, sparsely punctate. Mesosternal elevation
elongate oval, acute in front, truncate posteriorly. Prosternum rather strongly
carinate. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .06 inch. ; 1.5 mm.
This is the smallest species of the genus known to me. The pu-
bescence of the surface is quite. sparse and easily removed, so that
many specimens seem deprived of it, except on the thorax, where
it seems njore persistent. The elytral strite are relatively more deeply
impressed than in any other species, and the subcostiform apical in-
tervals are peculiar to it. The mesosternal plate is not very unlike
that seen in granarhis. This form seems to lead from Cercyon slightly
to Cryptopleurum, but I can find no valid characters separating it
from Cercyon.
Occurs from the Middle States region to Tennessee, often abun-
dantly in dried horse dung.
PEL.OSOMA Muls.
Prosternum scarcely separating the anterior coxaj, carinate on the
median line in front of them. Mesosternum elevated between the
middle coxaa in the form of a pentagonal plate (PI. ix, fig. 8) and
rather widely separating them, the base of the pentagon meeting a
very short prolongation of the raetasternum and very closely united
with it. Tibite feebly spinulose on the outer edge, the anterior pair
entire as in Cercyon.
The above characters seem to indicate the validity of Pelosoma as
a genus apart from Cercyon, although most authors since Mulsant
have seemed unwilling to admit it. In every other respect the char-
acters are those of Cercyon. It will be observed from the figure
(PI. ix, fig. 25) that the pseudo-basal joint of the maxillary palpus
is less pedunculate at base and far less infiated at apex, but this
member is slightly variable in Cercyon, and to a degree which makes
it unsafe to be insisted upon as a valuable difiierence.
One species is known in our southwestern regions which Dr. Le-
Conte properly referred to this genus.
P. CStpillatiiili Lee. — Regularly oval, convex, piceous black, shining; sur-
face very sparsely ])ubescent. Antennse and palpi pale rufo-testaceous. Head
rather finely, not closely punctate. Thorax narrowed from base to apex, the
sides regularly arcuate, basal marginal line wanting, a faint ante-basal impression
opposite the base of the fourth elytral stria, surface sparsely finely jiunctate, in-
tervals smooth. Elytra with ten series of rather fine, not closely placed punc-
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 307
tnres, which are more distinct at the sides, the intervals distinctly punctate in
the scutellar region, but very indistinctly or smooth elsewhere. Body beneath
piceous. semi -opaque, metasternal area shining, sparsely punctate, mesosternal
area coarsely and closely f)unctate. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length .08 — .10 inch. ;
2 — 2.5 mm.
The prosternum is carinate on the median line as in Cercyon.
The pubescence of the surface is very fine, sparse and soft, in most
of the specimens not visible and at best rarely seen, except on the
sides of the elytra.
In some partly immature specimens the elytra are slightly paler
at apex.
Occurs in Arizona and Texas in decomposing Cactus stems.
Group MEGASTERNI.
The elytra clasp the body and are slightly inflexed beneath it,
there being no distinct lateral edge and the epipleurse .scarcely dis-
cernible. The side pieces of the metasternuni are partly covered by
the elytra so as to be much narrowed. The middle coxje are widely
separated, almost entirely by a large mesosternal area, which is pent-
agonal in two genera and oval in a third. Metasternum not or very
little prolonged between the coxfe and very closely united with the
metasternum the suture scarcely visible. Prosternum at middle ele-
vated to the plane of the mesosternum forming an ai-ea differing
in shape in the genera. First ventral segment carinate.
The following genera occur in our fauna:
Lateral margin of prothorax not inflexed.
Anterior tibiae rather deeply excised on the outer edge near apex.
Mescasteriium.
Anterior tibipe entire ; elytra costate Peinelns.
Lateral margin of prothorax angularly inflexed : antei-ior til)iie entire.
Cryptopleiiruiii.
Megasternum has not a sharply defined metasternal area, Crypto-
pleurum has the area extended by a well defined elevated line, while
Pemelus has an abruptly impressed area along the posterior margin.
The metasternal episternum is completely covered in front, wider
posteriorly in Cryptopleurum, wider in front and more covered pos-
teriorly in Megasternum, while in Pemelus it is narrowe.st at middle
and wider at each end.
The species of these genera seem to be the furthest extreme of the
Hydrophilide type in both structui'e and habits.
308 GEO. H. HORN.
MEGASTEKKUM Muls.
Prosternum elevated, forming a somewhat hexagonal area, which
rather widely separates the anterior coxse, meeting the mesosternum
and having a notch in its posterior margin. Middle coxse widely
separated by a process formed partly of the metasternum and partly
by the mesosternum (PI. ix, fig. 10), the latter being in the form of
a broadly pentagonal plate, acute in front, the union between these
two sterna being very close, although with distinct suture. Meta-
sternal episternum very narrow, partly covered by the elytra; mes-
epimera covered. Epipleurse extremely narrow. Antei'ior tibise
deeply notched on the outer edge near the apex, all the tibise very
feebly spinulo-se on their outer side. Tibial spurs very inconspicuous
even on the front tibise.
The characters, otherwise, are as in Cercyon, the palpi in no wise
differing, excepting that the last joint is very distintly longer than
the penultimate (PI. ix, fig. 26) and the pseudo-basal joint more
inflated than is usual in Cercyon. The tibise are broader and flatter
than in any of the genera to which it is related.
The genus seems a perfectly valid one. It is represented in our
fauna by two species, which may be distinguished in the following
nianner :
Head and thorax scarcely visibly punctate; elytnil strife fine, but distinct; the
intervals scarcely punctate, apex paler posticatuin.
Head and thorax densely punctulate ; elytral striae obliterated, except at the
side, surface closely punctate puiictulatum.
M. posticatnm Mann.— Oval, slightly narrower behind, convex, piceous
black, subopaque, sides of thorax and humeral spot indefinitely paler; elytra at
apex distinctly paler. Antennae rufo-testaceous, club piceous. palpi testaceous,
last joint piceous. Head smooth, shining, entirely piceous. Thorax indistinctly
paler at sides, these feebly arcuately narrowed from base to apex, basal marginal
Hue absent, a distinct ante-basal impression opposite the fourth stria, sometimes
indistinct or wanting, surface smooth, shining, a few .sparsely placed, very fine
punctures near the side. Elytra finely alutaceous, surface finely striate, striae
deeper near the apex, the punctures of the striae extremely indistinct at middle
of disc, but very obvious at sides and apex, intervals flat, not punctate. Body
beneath piceous, slightly shining, metasternal area smooth behind and at its
sides, punctate in front, the flanks of the metasternum coarsely punctate. Legs
rufo-piceous. Length .08 inch. ; 2 mm., a little more and less.
The pale area at the apex of the elytra is always distinct, although
its limits are not sharply defined. The umbone may or may not
have the pale spot, in the former case the species resembles Cercyon
ocellatus.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 309
Owing to the neglect of the species of this tribe this one has been
retained in Cercyon, an error very properly corrected by Bedel.
Occurs from Alaska southward to the region about San Francisco.
M. piiiictulatuin n. sp. — Oval, convex, slightly narrowed posteriorly, pi-
ceous black, shining. Antennse and palpi rufo-testaceous, the former with darker
clnb. Head and thorax densely puuctulate. Elytra closely punctate, more
coarsely than the thorax, the first and second strife very faintly indicated, the
outer three striae short, distinctly impressed, coarsely punctate. Body beneath
piceous, shining, metathorax coarsely, but not closely punctate, the punctures
finer posteriorly. Legs rufopiceous. Length .07 inch. ; 1.75 mm.
In its superficial aspect this insect resembles a small member of
the Sphseridium series of genera. The punctuation of the greater
part of the elytral surface is close and confused, with scarcely any
trace of striae, except at the sides. The differences between this spe-
cies and posticatum are well marked in their sculpture and scarcely
need mention here.
One specimen, Bayou Sara, La. Given me by Mr. E. A. Schwarz.
PEMEL,US* n. g.
Prosternum elevated between the coxae and rather widely sepa-
rating them, forming an irregular quadrate area, which is abruptly
narrowed in front, and rather deeply emarginate behind to receive
the apes of the mesosternum, on each side of the prostei'num in
front an oblique tubercular elevation. Mesosternal plate elongate,
pentagonal in form, rather widely separating the middle coxae and
prolonged in front into the apex of the prosternum and partly cov-
ering the front legs at their base. Metasternum not prolonged be-
tween the coxae, separated from the mesosternum by a very indistinct
suture. Anterior tibias as in normal Cercyon, without emargination
at a[)ex. Characters otherwise as in that genus.
Finding it impossible to associate the species described as Mega-
sternum costatum Lee with any of the genera which have been pro-
posed the above name is suggested. It seems in many respects in-
termediate between Oryptopleurwn and Megasternmn, but lacks the
inflexed sides of the pronotum of the former and the deeply emar-
ginate front tibiae of the latter, at the same time the sternal pieces
are quite different from any of the genera which have been proposed.
The oblique line which is prolonged from the metasternal area in
several species of Cercyon and other genera, has here its fullest de-
Name without classical derivation.
310 GEO. H. HORN.
velopmeiit. This* line wliich here extends less obliquely forward
limits an area in front, which is coarsely sculptured, from an abruptly
depressed area posterior to it, which is comparatively smooth, and
with a surface similar to that of the abdomen. The posterior femora
when at rest fill the depression.
The elytral sculpture is peculiar in that it consists of well marked
costse alternating in elevation, separated by deep grooves. The elytra
clasp the body at the sides, so that more than the epipleural edge is
visible from beneath.
P. COStatllS Lee. — Rather broadly oval, more acute posteriorly, moderately
convex, piceoiis or brownish, subopaque, very sparsely pubescent. Antenuse and
palpi pale testaceous. Head densely punctulate and opaque, with scabrous as-
pect Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides arcuately narrowed from
base to apex, base arcuate at middle, slightly sinuate each side, apex emarginate;
lateral margin slightly explanate and slightly reflexed, disc convex, median line
rather deeply sulcate, limited each side by a vague costa, a vague oval depression
at base each side of sulcus, exterior to whicOi are two very vague, oblique costae,
near the margin a more distinctly elevated costa parallel with the margin, the
surfa(;e closely punctate and scabrous. Elytra deeply sulcate, and with rather
coarse punctures closely placed, the intervals acutely subcostiform, the alternate
intervals 2-4-6-8 more strongly elevated. Body beneath in color as above.
Mesosternal plate coarsely cribrate, the margins smoother. Metasternum coarsely
punctate, cribrate; behind the mesosternum and at the sides, a small depressed
area along the posterior margin much smoother. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length
.05— .07 inch.: 1.25—1.75 mm. (PI. ix, figs. 14 and 15)
This is one of the smallest members of the tribe. Its as|)ect is
rather that of a C'olydiidie than an ally of Cercyon from the style of
elytral sculpture. In some specimens the alterimtion of the elytral
intervals in elevation is very well marked in their entire extent,
while in others it is evident near the apex only. The thoracic sculp-
ture is more vague than is represented in the figure, but is. variable
in distinctness.
Occurs in the District of Colund)ia and Tennessee.
CRYPTOI»L,E|TKlTM Muls.
Prosternum elevated in fV<mt of the coxie, forming a rather large
pentagonal area, extending between ami rather widely separating
the coxse, the apex notched to receive the point of the mesosternum.
Mesostei'iium forming a broad pentagonal plate widely separating
the coxie and closely united with a broad process of the metasternum.
Metasternal episterna in great part concealed in front by the elytra.
Epipleurse scarcely distinct. Tibiae rather broad and thin, the spurs
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTEKA. 311
Ismail, outer edge feebly spinulose. Anterior tibiae not eniarginate ;
maxillary palpi with the pseudo-basal joint slender at base, inflated
at apex, last two joints slender, the terminal slightly longer than the
preceding.
On viewing the body from below it will be observed that the thorax
has angulate sides, but the angle is reflected inferiorly and not at all
visible from above. The metasternal oblique line illustrates here in
its full development what is scarcely more than indicated in several
of the species of Cercyon.
But two species are known to me, one of which has been intro-
duced from Europe.
Elytral striae not conspicuously coarsely punctured ; intervals punctate in tbeir
entire extent; metasternuni densely punctate mi 1111(11111.
Elytra strise conspicuously coarsely punctured at base ; intervals at sides and
apex nearly smooth ; metasternum not deuselj' punctate, siiiiericaiiuiii.
C minutiiin Fab. — Bather broadly oval, more narrowed behind than in
front, convex, piceous black, feebly shining, elytra with pale tip. Antennse and
palpi piceous. Head finely and closely punctate. Thorax, as seen from above,
narrowed from base to apex, the sides feebly arcuate, basal marginal line want-
ing, a faint impression opposite the fourth stria, surface rather closely punctate.
Elytra moderately deeply striate, strise punctate, intervals slightly convex, rather
closely punctulate and sparsely pubescent. Body beneath piceous, moderately
shining. Metasternal area sharply limited by a well-elevated, sinuous, oblique
line, which extends from the anterior outer angles to the coxal articulation, the
entire surface of the metasternum very coarsely and rather closely i)unctate.
Mesosternal area opaque, moderately densely punctate. Legs piceo-rufous, femora
darker. Length .06 — .08 inch. ; 1.5 — 2 mm.
I'he pale region at the apex of the elytra is very indefinite, and
may extend so as to leave only a triangular scutellar space black, as
in many Cercyon pygmxeus, or the elytra may be entirely pale. There
is often a pale spot on the umbone. The |)ubescence of the surface
is very easily removable, so that but few specimens show it, and
then only when recently captured.
Occurs in the New England States, ('anada, and as far south as
Maryland. In Eurojie it is widely distributed, extending to Siberia,
the Amur region and Japan. From the latter distribution it should
be found on the Pacific coast.
C aiiiei'icaiiuiii n. sp.— Rather broadly oval, convex, piceous black, shin-
ing, elytra at apex paler. Anteuupe and maxillary palpi pale rufo-testaceous.
Head finely and closely punctate. Thorax arcuatcly narrowed from base to apex,
the sides angularly iuflexed, surface more coarsely punctate than the head, espe-
cially at base and sides, more finely at apex. Elytra rather deeply striate, stria-
312 GEO. H. HORN.
coarsely and closely punctate near the base and gradually more finely to apex ;
intervals convex, moderately coarsely punctate from the base beyond the middle,
but comparatively smooth at apex and sides. Body beneath moderately shining,
the metasternum coarsely and moderately closely punctate. Legs rufo-testaceous
Length .07 inch. ; 1.75 mm.
Tliis species resembles, superficially, minntum, but differs in some
important details. The sculptnre of the head and thorax is similar.
The elytra are son]ewhat more deeply striate and the punctures much
coarser, while the punctuation of the intervals is less close and less
extended. In mmutvm the metasternum has a well marked oblique
line, and the surface otherwise is densely coarsely punctate, in the
present species the line is less marked and the punctuation well
separated.
The pale apical region which extends along the sides to middle
may not be specific, but varietal. There is no pubescence visible on
the unique examined.
One specimen collected in Ross County, Ohio, was kindly given
me by Mr. E. A. Schwarz.
The following species belongs to the tribe, but has not been posi-
tively identified :
Cybocephalns? iinicolor Motsch.. Bull. Mosc. 1845, iv, p. 364.— Ovatus,
convexus, puntatissimus, fulvus, nitidus, palpis longissimis; thorace transverse
antice angustato. lateribus arcuatis ; elytris crenulato-striatis; tibiis externe
spinosis. Long. 1 ligu. ; larg. S ligu.
II resemble beaucoup a une Anisotoma, mais il est pentamere.
De Sitka.
Mannerheim states that this is jjrobably a Cercyon (Bull. Mosc.
1853, iii, p. 110), and the description to me reads very like that of
Cryptopleurum minutum when immature.
Before closing the present paper I desire to express my thanks to
those who have kindly assisted its progress by either valuable sug-
gestions or specimens. Messrs. Liebeck and Wenzel, associates of
our Section ; Dr. Dietz, of Hazleton ; Blanchard, of Lowell ; Dr.
Hamilton, of Allegheny; and finally, but by no means least, XJlke
and Schwarz, of AVashino-ton.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.
313
Bibliography and Synonymy.
DACTYLOSTERNUM Woll.
D. abdominale Fah.. Eut. Syst. i, p. 79.
RoHsseti (Dactylost.) Woll. Ins. Mad. p. 100, pi. 3, fig. 1.
insnlare (Crelostoma), Cast. Col. ii, p. 59.
D. cacti Lee, Proc. Acad. 1855, p. 373.
D. advectum n. sp.
PH^NfOTYPUS n. g.
P. palmarum Schwarz, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 1878, p. 3.55.
PH^NONOTUM Sharp.
P. estriatum Say, Best. Journ. i, p. 171 ; edit. Lee. ii, p. 646.
P. semiglobosum Zimm., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 250.
CERCYON Lcach.»
C. littoralis Gyll.. Ins. Suec. i, p. Ill; Mills. Palpic. p. 172; Thorns., Skand.
Col. 2. p. 104.
C. flmbriatus Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii, p. 344.
C. luniger Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1853, iii, p. 168.
C. depressus Steph., Illust. Brit. Ent. ii, p. 138.
dorsosfriafuK Thorns., Skand. Col. ii, p. 104.
C. unipunctatus Linn., Faun. Suecc. No. 470: Muls. Col. Fr. p. 164; Thonis.,
Skand. Col. ii, p. 109.
C. quisquilius Linn., Fauna Suecc. No. 397; Muls. Col. Fr. p. 166; Thorns.,
Skand. Col. ii, p. 108.
C. ocellatus Say {occalatum err. typ.), Journ. Acad, v, p. 190; edit. Lee. ii, p.
294.
C. prsetextatus Say, Journ. Acad, v, p. 190; edit. Lee. ii, p. 294.
C. marinus Thoms., Skand. Col. ii, p. 105.
C. fulvipennis Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii, p. 343.
C. lateralis Marsh., Ent. Brit. 1. p. 71.
Umbatus Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, ii, p. 260.
C. indistinctus n. sp.
C. adumbratus Mann., Bull. Mosc. 1843, ii, p. 260.
C. varieg-aius Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am. 1, 2, p. 107, pi. iii. tig. 13.
C. analis Payk., Fauna Suec. i, p. 187 ; Muls., Col. Fr. p. 183.
mactihttus Mels., Proc. Acad, ii, p. 101.
C. hsemorrhoidalis Fab., Syst. Ent. p. 67; Muls., Col. Fr. 159; Thonis.. Skand.
Col. ii. p. 107; flavipes, Fah. et al.
nUjricollis Say, Journ. Acad, v, 190; edit. Lee. ii, p. 294.
C. melanocephalus Linn., Faun. Suec. No. 425; Muls., Col. Fr. p. 178.
nanus Mels. Proc. Acad, ii, p. 102.
C. pyg-mseus lUig., Mag. i, p. 40; Muls., Col. Fr. p. 170; Thoms, Skand. Col.
ii, p. 109.
aplcalis Say, Journ. Acad, iii, p. 204; edit. Loc. ii, p. 130.
* As the great majority of the species occur in Europe, but few references are
given, and no synonymy, except when it enables a reference to a good description
to be cited.
TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII.
(40)
NOVEMBER, 1890.
314 GEO. H. HORN'.
C. nigriceps Marsh., Eut. Brit. p. 72.
centrimacnlatus Sturm., Ins. ii, p. 23, pi. 22, fig. E; Muls., Col. Fr. p. 169;
Thonis., Skand. Col. ii, p. 109.
mnndns Mels , Proc. Acad. ii. p. 101.
C. lugubris Payk., Faun. Suec. i, p. 59; Muls., Col. Fr. p. 181; Tlionis,, Skand.
Col. ix, p. 125.
C. tristis lUig., Mag. i, p. 109.
niinntus Muls. ; Thorns., Skand. Col. ii, p. 106.
C. floridanus u. sp.
C. granarius Erichs., Kaef. Mark. Brand, i. p. 221.
C. navicularis Zimin.. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ii, p. 250.
C pubescens Lee, Proc. .4 cad. 1855, p. 374.
PELOSOMA Muls.
P. capillatum Lee, Proc. Acad. 1855, p. 374.
MEGASTERNUM Muls.
M. posticatum Manu., Bull. Mosc. 1852, ii, p. 354.
M. punctulatum n. sp.
PEMELUS n. g.
P. costatus Lee, Proc. Acad. 1S55, p. 374.
CRYPTOPL.EURUM Muls.
C. minutum Fab., Syst. Ent. p. 68.
atomarium | Oliv., et auct. plnr.
vagans Lee, Proc. Acad. 1855, p. 375.
C. americanum n. sp.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATP] IX.
Fig. 1. — Meso-metathorax of Cercyon hwmorrhoidalis.
" 2. — " " C. fimbriatus.
" 3. — " " C. granarius.
" 4. — " " C. analis.
" 5. — " " C. fulvipennis.
" 6.— " " C. navicularis.
" 7. — " " Cryptoplenrum minutum.
" 8. — " " Pelosoma capillatum.
" 9. — " " Pemelus costatus.
" 10. — " " Megasternum posticatum.
" 11. — " " Dactylosternum cacti.
" 12.-- " " D. advectum.
" 13. — " " Phsenonotum estriatum.
" 14. — Pemelus costatus.
" 15. — idem. lateral view.
" 16. — Front tibia of Cercyon fimbriatus.
" 17. — " C- littoralis.
" 18. — " Pelosoma. cnpill.atum.
" 19. — '' Megasternum posticatum.
■' 20. — Antenna of Dactylosternum cacti.
" 21. — " Cyclonotum orbicular e (European).
" 22. — " Cercyon luniger.
'' 23. — " Phsenotypus palmarum.
" 24. — Hind leg of P. palmarum.
"' 25. — Maxillary palpus of Pelosoma capillatum.
" 26. — " " Megasternum posticatum..
" 27. — " " Cercyon haemorrhoidalis.
" 28. — Antenna of Creniphilus degener.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. X\T1
PI. III.
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Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XVII
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Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Vol. XV If.
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NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 315
New IVorth American bees of the genera IIA1.I€TCS
and PROSOPIS.
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON.
The following descriptions are of species of bees which I have
taken on flowers in Illinois, and for which I need names. Through
the kindness of Mr. E. T. Cresson, I have had an opportunity to
examine the specimens of Halidus contained in the collection of the
American Entomological Society, so that the descriptions were made
from an examination of specimens from different parts of the country.
I have endeavored, as far as I was able, to describe the species so as
to be easily distinguished from nearly related species both described
and undescribed. The types will be found in the collection of the
American Entomological Society.
Ilaljctus Forbesii 9 -—Black, clothed with dull yellowish pubescence;
head broader than high, clypeus not produced ; antenna} black ; mesothorax a
little shining, rather coarsely and closely punctured, scutellum sparsely punc-
tured ; metathorax not truncate, the semicircular disc bordered by a sharp edge
and bearing irregular radiating ruga), which reach the posterior margin ; abdo-
men finely punctured, segments 2-4 with a broad band of whitish pubescence at
base; wings hyaline, nervures dull honey-yellow; tegulae black, with a testa-
ceous dot; hindmost tibial spur long, with many short, mostly blunt teeth.
Length 8—9 mm.
% .—More shining; face triangular, cheeks short, labnim with a median notch,
tips of closed mandibles hardly surpassing the clypeus, anterior half of clypeus
liale yellow, disc of metathorax with few radiating lines; wings with the ner-
vures darker than in 9, the teguls sometimes paler; all of the tarsi pale yel-
lowish white. Length 7 — 9 mm.
Hah. — Illinois ; four 9 , two S specimens. Closely resembles
//. eoriaceus Sm. (= mbquacbvdm Sm. % ), but the metathorax is
rougher ; the 9 is distinguished by being a little more .shining, the
clypeus less produced ; the % by its more triangular face, shorter
mandibles and cheeks, and pale tarsi. Dedicated to Professor S. A.
Forbes.
Halictus pectinatiis 9 .—Black, clothed with a thin whitish pubescence
oiypeus produced ; antenna) black ; mesothorax shining, finely and sparsely punc-
tured; metathorax with a poorly defined truncation, which slopes towards in-
sertion of abdomen ; disc small, rounded laterally and toward the truncation, a
little rough at base, smooth and shining beyond ; abdomen not fasciate, shining
and sparsely punctured on first segment, second segment densely punctured,
316 CHARLES ROBERTSON.
third aud fourth with a little bluish reflection ; wings hyaline, uervures fuscous;
tegulse black, with a testaceous spot; hindmost tibial spur long, thickly set with
fine teeth. Length 8 mm.
Hab. — Illinois; one specimen.
Halictus ueluiiibonis 9 .— Black ; clypeus slightly produced ; raesotho-
rax thinly clothed with blackish pubescence, coarsely aud densely punctured,
the punctures confluent into coarse reticulations on the sides; scutellum more
finely punctured ; metathorax hardly truncate, clothed with long, feathery hairs,
the surface obscured by a sericeous tomentum, the disc bearing a triangular en-
closure, which is rugose and shining, in strong contrast with the hairy portion ;
abdomen shining, impunctate, segments 2 and 3 with faint indications of inter-
rupted basal fasciae of pale pubescence ; wings hyaline, or a little clouded, ner-
vures fuscous; tegulse black, punctate; posterior tibial spur with four or five
teeth, the basal ones longest. Length 7 — 8 mm.
% . — Closely resembles the female; antennae hardly longer; mandibles, except
tips, testaceous; labrum emarginate ; abdomen, impunctate tegulse and legs, in-
clining to brownish. Length 6 — 7 mm.
Hab. — District Columbia, Florida. Illinois, Wisconsin (Trelease) ;
thirty-four 9 » two % specimens.
This bee prefers flowers of Nymphceacece, which seems to account
for its being overlooked. I have taken it on flowers of Nuphar,
Nymphcea and Nelumbo, in Illinois, and on Nuphar and Nymphoia in
Florida. Prof Trelease found it on Nuphar in Wisconsin. The
American Entomological Society's collection contained only the two
males from District of Columbia.
Halictiis 4-inaciiIatus 9- — Black, shining; head broad, eyes promi-
nent, clypeus hardly produced ; mesothorax finely and rather sparsely punctured ;
.scutellum sparsely punctured ; metathorax rounded, the disc short, sloping, with
longitudinal rugae at base, smooth beyond : abdomen impunctate, bases of seg-
ments 2 and 3 with a patch of appressed white pubescence on each extreme side;
wings hyaline, nervures fuscous, or dull honey-yellow, second cubital cell strongly
narrowing to the marginal, the first recurrent nervure commonly uniting with
the second transverse cubital ; tegulap more or less testaceous ; posterior tibial
spur with four or five long teeth. Length 5 — 6 mm.
% . — Eesembles the female; form not slender; head large; antennae little lon-
ger than in female; metathorax a little rougher; clypeus anteriorly, labrum,
mandibles, except tips, tegulse, tibiae, except a patch above and beneath, and
tarsi, pale whitish, or testaceous. Length 5 mm.
Hah. — Connecticut (Patton), Tennessee (i\.aron ), Illinois ; fourteen
9 , one % specimen. The female is apt to be confused with that of
H. gracilis, but may be distinguished by the descriptions.
.Halictus gracilis 9 ■ — Black, opaque ; clypeus produced ; mesothorax
closely and minutely punctured; metathorax hardly truncate; the disc with
irregular longitudinal striae, sometimes uniting in coarse reticulations, at apex
NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA. 317
smooth aud somewhat elevated ; abdomen shining, without patches of appressed
white pubescence; wings hyaline, nervures dull testaceous, the second cubital
cell not strongly narrowed to marginal ; tegulae testaceous ; posterior tibial spur
with three or four long teeth. Length 6 — 7 mm.
%. — Slender; a little more shining; antennse long, testaceous beneath; disc
of raetathorax more elevated at apex ; clypeus anteriorly, labrum and mandibles,
generally, pale yellow; knees, sometimes, and tarsi houey-yellow ; nervures
fuscous; tegulae black, or testaceous. Length 5 — 6 mm.
Hah. — New Hampshire, Illinois, Nevada, California ; twenty 9 ,
twelve % specimens. Closely resembles H. i-maculatus.
Halictns paliistris 9- — Blue-green, especially the head and thorax,
clothed with long, thin, white pubescence; head broad, clypeus not produced;
mesothorax strongly, not closely punctured ; metathorax short, broad, strongly
truncate; truucatiou smooth; disc rough, with irregular longitudinal rugae,
bounded posteriorly by a salient rim; abdomen shining, finely and sparsely
punctured, clothed with whitish pubescence, except ou the discs of the first two
or three segments; apical margins of segments rather broadly testaceous; wings
whitish hyaline, nervures testaceous, often pale; tegulae brown, punctured ; legs
brown or fuscous. Length 6 — 8 mm.
%. — Resembles the female; antennae long, more or less testaceous beneath:
metathorax rougher, the disc with the salient rim forming a semicircular enclo-
sure ; abdomen less greenish; tarsi pale testaceous. Length 6 — 8 mm.
Hab. — New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York,
Maryland, District of Columbia, Tennessee, Illinois; thirty-nine
9 , twenty % specimens. Easily recognized by its metathorax and
punctured tegulse.
Halictns Cressonii 9 • — Head and thorax green, abdomen black ; head
broad, clypeus not produced ; mesothorax strongly punctured, clothed with thin
fulvous pubescence; metathorax blue-green, narrow, strongly truncate; trunca-
tion with superior lateral angles salient; disc rough, with coarse reticulations ;
abdomen shining, almost impunctate, apical margins of segments hardly testa-
ceous, triangular patch on each side of base of second, and whole of remaining
segments with close, pale fulvous pubescence; wings yellowish hyaline, tegulae
and nervures honey-yellow, second and third submarginal cells of about equal
width. Length 6 — 7 mm.
^ . — Resembles the female ; antennae black ; metathorax less strongly truncate :
tegulae and nervures darker; tarsi honey-yellow. Length 5 — 6 mm.
jffab. — Canada, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York,
Illinois, Montana, Washington ; twenty-three 9 , two % specimens.
Dedicated to Mr. E. T. Cresson.
Halil'tlis albipeiiiiis 9-— Head and thorax greenish, abdomen brown-
ish ; clypeus produced; mesothorax coarsely and rather sparsely punctured.
I'lothed with thin white pubescence; metathorax not shaiply truncate, disc with
longitudiiuil rugae, slightly elevated posteriorly: abdomen depressed, shining.
318 CIHARLES ROBERTSON.
almost impuiictate, apical margins of segments narrowly testaceous, the whole
with close whitish pubescence, except discs of first and second ; wings white,
hyaline, nervures very pale; tegulse honey-yellow. Length 5 — 6 mm.
% . — Eesembles the female ; mandibles at tips, antennse beneath, knees and
tarsi, testaceous. Length 5 mm.
Hub. — Illinois; ten 9 , one % specimen.
Halictus tegularis 9 • — Head and thorax dark gi-een, sometimes with a
brassy reflection, abdomen brown; flagellum at tip beneath, testaceous; meso-
thorax rather strongly and closely punctured ; metathorax rounded, not strongly
truncate, the disc with irregular rugte not reaching posterior margin ; abdomen
shining, thinly clothed with pale pubescence, apical margins of segments more
or less testaceous; wings hyaline, nervures honey-yellow; tegulse large, black,
pubescent, strongly punctured. Length 4.5 — 5.5 mm.
% . — Resembles the female, abdomen more strongly punctured, antennse testa-
ceous beneath. Length 4 mm.
Hab. — Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Montana, Cali-
fornia, Mexico ; thirty-one 9 , two % specimens. Easily distin-
guished by its small size and strongly j)unctured tegulap.
Prosopis iielumbonis 9 • — Head and thorax closely punctured with
coarse shallow punctures; clypeus long, finely roughened, with shallow depres-
sions ; base of metathorax rough, with coarse reticulations ; abdomen impunc-
tate, smooth and shining, especially the first segment. Insect black, clothed
with a thin whitish pubescence; triangular mark on each side of face, tubercles
and spot on tegulae in front, yellow ; abdomen with the first and base of second
segment rufous; legs black, base of tibiae yellow, extending to the middle on
posterior pair; hind tarsi fulvous. Length 6.5 mm.
Hab. — Illinois. Four specimens, taken on flowers of Xymphcea
reniformis and Nelmnbo lutea.
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA. 319
A CJOUVTRIBl TIOI^ TOWARD A KSfOWLEDOE OF THE
MOUTH PARTS OF THE DIPTERA.
BY PROF. JOHN B. SMITH.
" The mouth parts of Diptera are wholly suctorial, and differ from
those of the Lepidoptera in that all the component parts may be
brought into use. They differ not a little, however, in different flies,
as might be supposed from their diverse habits. In some they are
adapted for piercing animal or vegetable substances, and are, in con-
sequence, firmer and more slender ; in others, and by far the greater
number, they are adapted only for sucking up juices or such sub-
stances as may be dissolved by means of their saliva. Grains of
j)ollen have been observed in the digestive organs of the Syrphid?e,
and other flower flies, but, as a rule, fluids alone serve as food. Many
have the proboscis wholly retractile into the oral cavity, and fur-
nished with one, or even two hinges, by which, when at rest, it may
be folded up. In others the proboscis is not retractile, and 'either
projects in front, or backwards under the abdomen. AVhile it is
usually short, it may be as long or longer than the body. Finally,
a few species have the mouth parts rudimentary, and take no nour-
ishment in the adult stage.
"The different parts consist of the labium, the maxillae, maxillary
palpi, mandibles, hypopharynx and labrum-epipharynx, a term used
by Dim mock, to whom our clearest knowledge of the mouth parts
of Diptera is due. The labial palpi are thought to be wholly want-
ing. The labium is always present, more or less fleshy, and provided
with muscles, and is grooved or channelled upon the upper side to
receive the other parts in a sheath completed by the labruni. At its
tips there is a pair of joints called the labellae. In the mosquito
these are small, where they serve simply to guide the piercing portion
between them, the labium itself being bent backward beneath the
thorax in its middle. Very often they are large and more fleshy,
and on the inner sides have a roughened surface composed of the
pseudo-trachea, which, as in the house-fly, serve as a means of attri-
tion. The maxillie and mandibles are frequently absent, the latter
most often ; when present they are slender and bristle like. The
maxillary palpi are always present, and consist of from one to five
320 JOHN B. SMITH.
joints, ill the latter case often long and whip like ; they are more or
less hairy, and are attached neat the base of the proboscis on the
outer side, where the maxillae coalesce with the labium. In addition
to the two pairs of maxillae and mandibles there is a third, unpaired
organ which is free, the hypopharynx. It is usually present, and
tube like, for the passage of saliva, the outlet l)eing near the tip on
the upper side ; its tip may be smooth, lance like, or hairy. Its
upper side is continuous with the under side of the pharynx, and the
whole, or in part, may coalesce with the labium below. Finally, the
largest, except the labium and uppermost, as well as the most im-
portant organ is the labrum-epipharynx, which is deeply channelled
on the under surface and converted into a canal by the apposition
of the hypopharynx below. It is through this channel that all the
substances used as food must pass. The two parts of which this
organ is composed, the labrum above and the ei)ipharynx below, are
sometimes separable by means of caustic potash, but are never so in
life. It may terminate in a single point, or in several minute ones,
as in the mosquito. It forms, as before stated, a covering to the
channel in the labium, and may be separable at the will of the in-
sect, as is readily seen in the mosquito when biting, or it may remain
tightly closed, as in the house-fly."
The above quotation, from Dr. Williston's article in the " Standard
Natural History," is given as representing more clearly and defi-
nitely than any other, an account of the present state of our know-
ledge of the structure of the Dipterous mouth. Kraepelin's studies
have made some few modifications, but none in es.sentials, except that
he says there is no epipharynx, and Dr. Packard's most recent text
books give practically the same account. To this must be added
that Dr. Macloskie calls the chitinous enclosure of the muscid pro-
boscis, above the labellse, the operculum, and the chitinous frame
work at the base of the mouth system, the fulcrum. This latter he
considers as a modified endocranium, and the function as a sucking
stomach.
As a result of my own studies, I have concluded that the mandi-
bles are present only in the rarest instances ; that the i)roboscis and
its labellate development have nothing to do with the labium, but
are maxillary developments ; that the labial palpi are traceable as
rudiments in many forms, and that neither labrum, epipharynx, nor
hypopharynx enter at all into the composition of the functional
mouth parts of the Diptera !
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
321
This means, practically, that all previous investigators had com-
pletely misunderstood the nature of the Dipterous mouth, and puts
me to a strict proof of my assei'tions. To do this it may be useful
to state how I, not a special student in the Diptera, reached this
conclusion.
In a study of the " Horn fly," Hmnaiobla serrata, the mouth parts
were examined and figured, to show how the "biting" was done.
The nomenclature adopted, agreed with that above given by Willis-
ton. To illustrate some lectures and papers during the Winter of
1889-90, several carefully prepared slides were required, and, among
others, the Dipterous mouth was well represented. Finally, during
the Summer of 1890, a lecture on the mouth structure of insects,
prepared as a part of a course delivered at the Cold Spring Labo-
ratory of Biological research, brought to my mind very forcibly, the
want of agreement in the line of development, for the mandibulate
and haustellate series. A number of diagrams, j)repared to illustrate
these lectures, and now adorning the walls of my laboratory, brought
me to a gradual comprehension of the homology which I am now
trying to prove.
To understand exactly the line of investigation, it becomes neces-
sary to look for a moment, at the structure of the mandibulate mouth.
A generalized view is given by Newport's figure of Andrena, which
is here reproduced in order to fix the comparative
location of the parts, and without any guaranty of
correctness in detail. We find the mandibles at
the extreme side of the mouth, next the clypeus,
and above the labrum, which forms a frontal cover
or shield, to the base of the mouth parts. The
maxillary palpi are below and within ; between the
mandibles and the maxillse. Central, is the labium
with its development of ligula, paraglos.sa and
palpi. The mandibles have no point of attachment
to either maxilla or labium. The labium is called
the lower, the maxilla the upper jaw, but practi-
cally, in many cases, the two are on the same plane,
and, quite frequently, the labial appendages are
before or concealed in part by the maxillary development.
The maxilla, illustrated by a species of Polistes, probably metricns
Say, is composed of the cardo, the stipes, the subgalea, the lacinia.
Fig. I. Head of An-
drena. After New-
port.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII.
(41)
NOVEMBER, 1890.
322
JOHN B. SMITH.
Fig. 2. Mouth parts of Polistes ^netricus.
the galea, the palpifer and palpus, all of which are shown in the
figure.
The galea is often palpiform, and in that case the lacinia becomes
developed into a scra-
ping or brushing organ,
sometimes adding a di-
gitus, but perhaps more
usually, the galea is the
most developed organ,
and is fjrmed as the
brush, while the lacinia
is reduced as in Polistes,
or, still more obviously,
in Macrodadylus, where
it becoQies a mere rudi-
ment, while the galea
becomes highly devel-
oped. To this development of the galea, the facts that it is two
jointed, and that it tends to form processes or specialized hairs and
bristles, particular attention is drawn.
The labium in its simple form, consists of a central ligula, which
is rarely paired, lateral para-
glossse, and the labial palpi,
all of which are attached to
the mentum. Neither ligula
nor paraglossse are usually
jointed, except perhaps, in
the Orthoptera. Often they
are united to form a single
organ, the ligula, practically
imbedded in the united para-
glossse. In the Ajndce, or
many of them, the ligula be-
comes elongated, ringed, but
not jointed, the paraglossse
become enveloping membranes
for a portion of the distance,
and the palpi also become
elongated as the figure of Andrena shows. To the peculiar labial
development in Macrodadylus, attention is here called, but this will
Fig. 3. Mouth parts of Macrodadylus siihspinosus
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA. 323
be again referred to later. The development in Po/istes, where there
is a bladder-like membranous expansion, covered with sensitive hairs
(the hypopharynx ?), is also to be noted, with the farther note that
it is not paired or jointed, but a mere membranous development or
expansion, a true lapping organ.
The hypopharynx and epipharynx are fleshy, internal mouth
structures, supposed to represent the tongue and palate of vertebrates.
Now let us see what developments must have taken place if the
accepted explanation of the Dipterous mouth parts is correct. The
labrum, from an external, head piece, shielding the mouth, becomes
a true, functional, internal mouth organ ; the mandibles become part
of the maxilla? and migrate within the palpi ; the galea disappears,
and the whole maxilla becomes reduced to a single piece ; the lal)ium
becomes most enormously developed, and adds two joints ; the labial
palpi disappear, the paraglossse are wanting, and the ligula is not
mentioned. But, on the other hand, besides the labrura, the epi-
pharynx and hypopharynx become functional, chitinous, and, from
a sensory or tactile development, become mechanical.
How this striking change in the functions and location of parts
occurred, had never been explained, and that was my task. I as-
sumed the correctness of the theory that insects, being develojDed
from a common stock, would somewhere have a generalized type of
mouth ; or, at least, that there would be such variations of develop-
ment, that the points at which the mandibulate and haustellate
mouth branched, might be discovered. The natural point at which
an explanation might be sought was not among the highly special-
ized forms such as Musm, but was i-ather among those forms in which
division of the mouth parts reached the extreme, and thence the
work would be in the direction of the specialized forms. A short
study of the forms allied to Bomhus, Xylocopa and Apis, among the
Hymenoptera, showed that the tendency in the labium was nowhere
toward a segmentation, but to an elongation; and my first object
was to try and identify, among the Diptera, the true labium and the
paragloss^. Then those forms in which the proboscis was incom-
pletely developed, were sought, and, finally, in a minute midge
{Siynulinm sp. ?), which swarmed at Anglesea, N. J., early this Spring,
and almost drove me distracted by its painful bite, I found the solu-
tion !
Dr. Riley kindly sent me some specimens of the Buffalo gnat for
study, and I had then the species which showed not only all the parts
324
JOHN B. SMITH.
ordinarily recognized, but also the true labrum and mandibles. This
is the only species I have seen in which the mandibles are present,
and with this species I shall start, using at once the nomenclature
which 1 consider correct, and which 1 hope to establish.*
In this species there projects from the middle of the front margin
of the oral opening (clypeus?), a long, flat, chitinous process, reaching
to the end of the mouth organs, supported each side by a rod reach-
ing to within the clypeus, and, at the end of this central piece, resting
Mouth parts of Buffalo gnat.
on a muscular base supported by the lateral rods, are the minute
mandibles, set ol)liquely. They are red-brown, solid, three toothed,
and grooved inwardly, in all respects like the mandibles of some
Coleoptera and Neuroptera, and absolutely unmistakable. It re-
quires a good objective on a well prepared specimen to see them at
all, but a one-fifth brings them out fully and clearly. These man-
dibular supports are in front of the other mouth parts, and behind
them, most prominently, are the parts which I consider the subgalea
* In the Report of the Entomologist 1886, Dr. Riley's account of the Buffalo gnat is il-
lustrated (PI. viii, fig. 2) by a figure of the head, which is very accurate, and in which the
mandibles are properly shown. The meaning of the structure was not recognized by either
author or artist.
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTEKA. 325
and galea, shown at/, fig. 4. These are here completely divided, the
basal part of each broad, mostly chitinous, and forming more than half
a cylinder. Above this are two segments, representing the joints of the
galea, less chitinized, the basal segment largest, forming a shell, inside
of which is the lacinia, but outside of which is the palpifer, bearing
the maxillary palpi at its base. This lattei- piece, which may be stipes
rather than palpifer, is also produced and forms a piercing organ.
It passes outside of the galea until near the tip of the basal joint ;
here the cylinder formed by the segment is incomplete, and the pal-
pifer enters to join the remainder of the piercing mouth parts. The
lacinia is attached by a chitinous rod to this palpifer, and runs within
the galea for its entire distance. At e, fig. 4, the lacinia, palpifer
and maxillary palpus are shown separated from the rest of the mouth
parts. At fl, fig. 4, the tips of the lacinia and palpifer are shown,
greatly enlarged, to bring out the serrated armature. The palpus
contains on joint 2 a round pit connecting with a pocket of darker
colored cells, as shown at d, fig. 4. Central to the mouth is the
structure shown at c, fig. 4, composed of a broad basal plate, the
mentum, bearing a stout chitinous process, showing evidently its
paired character, especially at tip. These are the paraglossia, and
within the groove formed by these parts united at bottom, lies the
ligula.
I omitted to state what fig. / distinctly shows, that the terminal
joint of the galea consists of merely a shell, not more than half a
cylinder, beset on the outer side with short hair, arising from fleshy
tubercles. In this insect I found the Dipterous mouth parts most
divided, and, so far as the galea is concerned in the condition most
nearly ap|)roximating that of the mandibulate mouth. What I term
the palpifer may be really the stipes, and the real palpifer may be
the basal segment of the palpus itself; but, as will be seen in Erax,
the palpi arise directly out of this part, and it is not a matter of
very serious import, for my present purpose, to settle this question
definitely. There is no outer covering of membrane to the mouth
parts, and this is a point that requires notice, because of the impor-
tant influence which that structure exercises upon the development
of the palpi.
It may not be unnecessary to state that all the drawings made foi-
this paper were sketched by the use of the camera lucida, and that
the irregularities and lack of symmetry are faithful reproductions of
what is seen in the slide itself The image was thrown on a slightly
326
JOHN B. SMITH.
inclined board, and there is a trifling distortion due to that cause ;
but which does not in the least interfere with accuracy of rejjresen-
tation.
A close relative of the Buffalo gnat was found in a minute midge
swarming at Anglesea, N. J., in May, and which showed a very
distinct advance in mouth structure. The insect is about 1.5 mm.
in length, and the head does not exceed .5 mm. in diameter. The
task of separating out the mouth parts, small even in proportion to
this head, was a difficult one, and a I. objective was necessary to
make out all details. At a, fig. 5, the subgalea and galea are shown
Fig. 5. Mouth parts of Anglesea midge.
from behind, the subgalea now united at base; but the joints of the
galea are separate, and there is no trace of pseudo-trachea. In
general structure there is no great departure from that of the Bufliilo
gnat, except that the subgalea unite at base, and are articulated to a
stout chitinous piece, which may be the remnant of the cardo. There
is a somewhat similar structure in the mosquito at the base of the
" labium," and the line of development is directly from a form of
this description to the mosquito, in which the label la also do not con-
tain pseudo-trachea. In this figure we also note the method in which
the lacinia and palpifer enter the galear cylinder, and the paired
character of the structure is maintained. This is important, for the
membranous expansion of the labium, seen in some Odouata and in
Polistes (fig. 2), shows no trace of a paired structure. The tendency
to a fragmentary condition of the joints is also worthy of attention,
as here we notice the beginning of what will be afterward seen, as
the chitinous supports of the labella in Musea. It is noticeable here,
too, that the maxillary parts are not central, and arise outside the
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
321
median or labial stiuctures. At b, the galea and the lacinia, palpifer
and palpus of one side are shown as they appear separated out, and
at c, the remainder of the maxillary structure appears. It is inter-
esting to note that the palpi are furnished with a sensory pit as in
SimuUum, of which, indeed, this is likely a member. Easily sepa-
rable from the maxilla, without the destruction of any chitinous parts
is the labium, shown at d. In this the ligula, while obvious in the
preparation, is not separated out, because I could not manipulate
my needles under the high power necessary. The paired natui-e of
the paraglossse is obvious, and this could not have anything to do
with the labrum, from the simple fact that I do not know of a case
in which the labrum is paired, and of no case in which it is an in-
ternal mouth organ. The labrum must also be articulated t<) the
clypeus at base, if homologies are to be preserved, and this clypeus
must then be the square plate seen in figure 4, c, and again in the
figure of Tabanus atratus. This would bring the clypeus entirely
inside of the head, where it does not belong, Avhile if we take it to
be the mentum, not only is its place natural, but the attachments to
it have a natural significance, and the development is an easily ex-
plicable one ; which is certainly not so if we refer to the labrum
shown in figure 1, and are compelled to imagine this modified into a
tubular or channelled prolongation. This interpretation also makes
it unnecessary to account for the development of a fleshy, sensory
organ, into a chitinous, mechanical structure.
Leaving the development of the galea for a moment, an examina-
tion of the mouth parts of
Tabanns will be interesting.
Fig. 6 represents the max-
illae and labium of the large
black species which I take
to be atratus. In examining
the central organ here, we
find the broad basal ])la.te
representing the mentum,
the united paraglossse,which
here show no observable
suture as in Simulium, the
Fig. 6. Moulh parts o( Tadanusairaius. central ligula, and, UlOSt
interesting of all, the rudimentary labial palpi, closely applied to the
sides of the. paraglossse, but i-eaching st)me distance beyond them
328
JOHN B. SMITH.
Fig. 7. Mouth parts of Tabanus lineola.
along the meiituni. The palpi are not at all functional, but are
rigid, not articuhited, yet not entirely connate with the paraglosscB.
In Tabanus lineola (I feel safe in this detenuination) the palpi are
still more distinct, but not yet free, noi' have I found any species in
which they are functional. I have a very strong conviction, how-
ever, that somewhere in the Diptera some vicious beast will be found
in which the palpi are entirely free, and possibly functional. The
figure of Tabanus lineola is here inserted to show the relative position
of the ])arts, as attached to
the head. No effort has been
made to difi'erentiate the galear
structure, which is highly spe-
cialized here. Returning to
the study of fig. 6, we find the
right hand figure to represent
the lacinia (mj), the palpifer
(st.) and maxillary palpi
(mxp), in their relative posi-
tions, attached together. The
lacinia alone {mx) is shown to
the left of the labium, and at the extreme left are the palpus (7nxp)
and palpifer (st). This figure shows the development of an impor-
tant tendency in the palpi. It will be noted that, at the base, there
is but a flat strip connecting with the base'of the palpifer, and that
the joint becomes a complete cylinder only near its tip. The chiti-
nous band forms the real base of the palpus, but the membranous
extension from the margin of the head envelopes the base of the
mouth, and the palpal joint first becomes complete on the outer side
of this membrane. That is to say, outside of the enveloping mem-
brane, the palpus is complete, but within the head the joint becomes
partly muscular, and the chitinous cylinder is incomplete. This is
important, for it is the beginning of the complete separation of the
palpi from the functional mouth parts.
The next step will be noted in the Asilidte, of which Erax sp. and
Asilus sericeas will be figured.
In Erax, we have at figure 8, c, the appearance of the mouth parts
from the front, showing the attachment of the palpi (the dotted por-
tions representing membrane) and the method in which the palpifer
enters the galear structures. The terminal joints of the galea are
completely separated, but the basal joints are united beneath. The
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
329
structure of the sensitive portions of the terminal joint is shown at
a, and consists of a series of fleshy tubercles on a membranous base,
the tubercles all furnished with rather stiff hair.
Fig. 8. Mouth parts of £rax sp.
At b, is shown the structure of the palpifer and palpus, the latter
single jointed and showing the same tendency noted in Tahanus.
At d, is shown the labium, the ligula central, not easily separable
trotii the paraglosste, wliich very evidently show their paired character
in this species.
In Asilus sericeus, fig. 9, the galear de-
velopment is cut away, and we note the
relative position of the parts. We notice
here, too, what is of some importance, that
the lacinia are reduced in size and really
rudimentary, thus forming the interme-
diate step to Stomoxys and Hcematobia,
where it is entirely wanting. So, also, the
galear structure reminds one strongly of
Stomoxys, especially in the structure of the
tip.
Of other piercing species I will call at-
tention only to the mosquito. This un-
fortunate insect has been the subject of so many figures that I will
(42) NOVEMBER, 1890.
Fig. 9. Mouth parts of Asi7»
sericei4s.
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC. XVII.
830
JOHN B. SMITH.
Fig. lo. Galea of mos
quito.
add none of my own, save that of the tip of the galea. This differs
somewhat from Dr. Dimraock's figures of the same structure ; but the
species are different, and I have found that no two of the five species
examined agree, nor do any agree with Dr. Dimmock's species. It
is readily seen that while we have here in essentials the chitinous
structure of siTmdmm, yet we get a tendency in the
terminal joint to form a mere chitinous cap, a
breaking up of the chitine into fragments and a
filmy covering over the inner face — the rudimen-
tary label la.
At this point we drop the piercing flies, and now
we find in point of development a steady loss in
the piercing organs, and as regular a gain in the
galea. It is worth noting, too, that while the ful-
crum in the piercers is not developed where the
mouth parts are much divided, it becomes promi-
nent as the maxillary development becomes weak.
In Calex there is a very pretty little fulcrum, much like that of the
Leptid, hereinafter figured. In Stomoxys there is a very decided
development. It is a suggestive fact that when the mentum disap-
pears, the development of the fulcrum begins.
Bombyllm sp., m \vh\ch the mouth parts are elongated, forms a
good subject for the next figure.
This is one of the species in which the proboscis is carried straight
forward, and the fiexion is so strong that it is not easily overcome.
The fulcrum of the fig-
ure is therefore seen
flexed upon the labium,
to which it is articulated
at its base. The ligula
is quite closely united
with the paraglossse, and
is so shown in the figure.
'^I'he lacinia are flattened
strips arising at the sides
of the labium and partly
enveloping it. The pal-
piter is a fine seta, shorter than the lacinia or labium, and with a
basal extension above the insertion of palpi. This is an interesting
fact, as a beginning in the peculiar change undergone by this part.
Fig. II. Mouth psLTts of Bo»t/iy/ius sp.
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
331
The galea is distinctly divided at the tip, forming evident lobes,
covered with a delicate membrane, which is wrinkled, but is not
furnished with pseudo-trachea.
Because nearly allied to Bomhylius we may now examine Anthrax,
although not nearest in any direct line of development save for the
palpifer. As in Bombylius, the j)roboscis is so fixedly projected for-
ward, that it is difficult to straighten, and the mouth parts are there-
fore figured lying against the fulcrum. Here, too, a study of the
method of union of labium to fulcrum, points to the mentum or
submentum, as concerned in the development of that organ. The
lacinia have become broad, roughly shaped like a spear-head ; they
envelope the labium, and, with it, lie in the galea. The subgalea is
distinctly paired, each side
piece divided longitudinally,
so that here we see the begin-
ning of the central supporting
rods, well developed in Eris-
talis, and also the foundation
of the structure forming the
broad back plate of the oper-
culum or medi-proboscis. The
labellate development of the
galea is well marked, though
the lobes are not well divided. The chitinous parts of the two joints
are reduced to two pairs of small plates, which alone indicate the
original nature of the structure. The most interesting character is in
the palpifer. Heretofore we have seen the palpus attached at or near
base, and always in forms in which the proboscis is not flexed. In
BomhyUns we saw the first approach to a basal prolongation, which in
Anthrax is much more marked. The palpus is small and feeble ; the
basal prolongation of the palpifer is not long, but it is broad, flattened,
roughened as for muscular attachment, and very thoroughly chitin-
ized. The apical process is very decidedly less chitinized, and does
not extend to the tip of the labium. As is lisual, its point of inser-
tion is outside of the galea, which it enters with its apical process,
very close to base.
Beginning a new series, not so closely connected with those forms
in which the mouth parts are adapted for piercing, are a number of
species in which the galea is well developed into the labellate form
still, however, retaining the marks of its origin in a remarkably
perfect condition, and having the proboscis not hinged.
Fig. 12. Mouth parts of Anthrax
332
JOHN B. SMITH.
Fig. 13. Mouth parts of Stratiotnyid.
First among these is a small Stratiomyid, of which, unfortunately,
my material was too scant to make out all the parts as thoroughly
as I desired. It is a small species, caught on the windows of my
laboratory, and the figures are from one of the two specimens taken,
the other being spoilt in dissecting. The galear structure shows ex-
cellently well. The subgalea is evidently divided, surmounted by
the two galear joints, each of which is distinct, outwardly chitinous,
inwardly with a delicate
membrane, in which the
pseudo-trachea are well de-
veloped. In the specimen,
more obviously than in the
figure, the character of the
central chitinous support-
ing rods as fragments of
the galea joints, is evident,
and we have here, practi-
cally, the structure of the
Simuliid galea, the inner face completed by a membranous expansion
and tracheate.
The palpifer is here reduced to a mere rudiment, without any
l)asal process, and in natural position reaching barely to the center
of the galear envelope. The labial structure is peculiar, and I re-
gret that I had no specimens for further study. There is a fulcrum
very like that found in the mosquito, and entering that centrally is
the flattened, slightly concave labium or ligula, in which I could not
trace any division of parts. The lacinia is a mere enveloping lappet,
whose point of attachment
is not satisfactorily made
out. Altogether, the form
is a valuable one, and the
Stratiomyidae may present
characters of great interest
where abundant material
for dis.section is at hand.
A very distinct advance
is seen in the Leptidse, spe-
cies undetermined. The
subgalea is united, and, while the chitinous parts of the galea joints
are well distinguished, the enveloping membrane covers the whole
Fig. 14. Mouth parts of Leptid.
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
333
inner side, and the pseudo-trachea are confined to the apical expan-
sion. The chitinous fragn)ents have been carried upward, and on
them the tracheate system rests. The structure of the palpi does not
differ very essentially from Strati omyia, as can be seen by a com-
parison of figures. Here, however, there is developed a sensory pit
in the palpus, and the palpifer is still further reduced. Perhaps it
may be in order to state that the apparent segmentation of the galea,
on the right of the figure, is really a fracture, and that the left side
illustrates the perfect condition. The labium is shown at a. There
is a broad, large, basal mentum, reminding of the Tabanidae, to which
the ligula and paraglossse, closely united, are attached. The lacinia,
not articulated to the mentum, but almost completely enveloping the
labium, is shown slightly separated from it.
This is also one of the species in which the proboscis is not hinged.
The fulcrum does not show in my specimens, and I made no effort to
seek it, as I was not studying its development. The jiresence of the
distinct mentum would, however, indicate the absence of this organ.
Next comes Tipula sp., a form in which the maxillary palpi are
well developed. No effort was made to study any but the galear
structure, though several
species were examined, as
nothing of special interest
was obvious. The galea is
here, in some respects, most
perfect. The chitinous
parts are flattened, and,
with the exception of the
terminal cap, are entirely
within the membraneous
envelope. The character
of the structure is best seen at b, figure 15, where the chitinous
structure is separated off and figured. The two sides here are
entirely separated, the joints are well marked, and a study of this
species alone leaves an overpowering conviction of the true homology
of the parts, which could not possibly be reconciled by any theory
of labial development. Within the sac enclosing this galea, is a
series of large trachese, uniting to a few trunks running into the
head. There seem to be no true pseudo-trachea, but there is a series
of transverse wrinkles covering the inner face. No dissections were
made to get at the other structures, since the galea was all I was
seeking for here.
Fig. IS. Mouth parts of Tipulid.
334
JOHN B. SMITH.
Fig. 15. Pseudo
trachea (?) of Doli-
chopodid.
CecL
iSome specimens of a Dolichopodid, prepared for examination,
proved failures, owing to a lack of differentiation in the mounted
material, and only a very unique character on the
galear envelope was noted.
Instead of the pseudo-trachea, or the wrinkled
structure often representing it, we iifid here a series
of geminate tubercles, decreasing in size from the
maro-in, and ending in the membrane. I have not
seen this appearance in any other species, and could
not study more than the one species of the family from lack of material.
As suggested above, in all of the forms last treated, the jjroboscis
is not hinged or folded,
and in none do we find
any trace of a basal pro-
longation of the palpifer;
that organ itself becom-
ing very much reduced.
In all the following spe-
cies the proboscis is
hinged and the galea
development is of the
same type. This type is
best illustrated by a
diagrannriatic view of the structure in Eris-
talls trcmsversus, in which the chitinous
renmants of the galea are so arranged that
their character is obvious. The subgalea
is united, but the suture is evident, and
the lobes, almost entirely separated, easily
show their jointed nature. With this
diagram for reference, the figure of Eris-
tdiis fenax may be presented. In it will
be necessary to premise, that the mem-
brane enveloping the mouth is extremely
extensile, and that, in nature, the tip of
the labium extends to the tip of the sub-
galea or very near to it. This latter
part is a single plate, but the suture is
evident, and it is plainly composed of two
similar pieces. The labium is completely
Fig. 18. Mouthof ^r«/«/«^^«a^.gj^yg]^pg^ ^y ^^^ kciuia, which do not,
however, extend to the base. The ligula is well distinguished, and.
Fig. 17. Erisialis
transversus.
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTEKA. 335
as usual, the articulation is very closely to the fulcrum. Laterally
we see the palpifer, now completely without chitinous connection
with the rest of the maxilla, stoutly produced toward the base and
with but a small apical process. The palpi themselves are almost
completely separated from the palpifer, except by muscular attach-
ments, and the blunt character of the apical process itself, indicate its
disuse as a piercing organ, almost as well as the fact that it is not equal
in length to either the labium or lacinia, and so does not reach to the
ti|) of the central aggregation of mouth parts. In fact here, more
than in any other species heretofore figured, the palpifer is discon-
nected from the other mouth organs, and first changes its function
from that of a piercing organ to one offering assistance in flexing
and extending the proboscis as a whole.
The peculiar extensibility of the membrane enveloj)ing the mouth
parts is not confined to the species figured, but is notable in all of
the five species of Syrphidse examined. It requires no force to ex-
tend it, and is not elasticity ; but neither is the extension spontaneous
in macerating or preservative media. In placing the prepared
specimen on a slide, in position pre{)arat()ry to mounting, the exten-
sion is readily made with a blunt needle, and its limit is easily known.
Whether the insect itself has the power of making the extension
voluntarily I do not know, and observation on living specimens
would be required ; it is, however, reasonable to assume that the
power exists.
Eristalis is interesting in another respect, for, in the three species
examined, the labrum, in its proper position, and normal in shape,
marking the frontal margin of the oral opening, is easily distin-
guished ; its claim to form a part of the internal mouth is thus ab-
solutely negatived, for every organ represented in the mosquito is
also represented in Eristalis, and as the labrum exists independently
of all, it is of course an absolute impossibility that it can find a
homologue in any of these parts.
Another of the Syrphidse, Sphcerophoria cijliudrica, may be use-
fully presented here, as an advance in the basal development of the
pal[)ifer. Only the necessary parts are figured, as the structure does
not in other respects differ from that of Eristalis in any important
features. The palpifer to the right of the figure is shown complete,
and without the palpus. The apical development is seen to be small,
merely rudimentary in fact, wliile the basal prolongation is very
decided, with broad, flat surfaces for muscular attachment. The
336
JOHN B. SMITH.
palpus, seen at the left of the figure in its relation to the palpifer, is
completely separated by muscular attachments, while retaining a
close proximity to it, so that the relationship is easily manifested.
In a common muscid species, perhaps a Liicilia, with bright, shiny,
yellowish to green bronze thorax, we note a still further separation
of palpus from the palpifer, and a more complete
specialization of the latter organ. The palpus now
retains no apparent relation to the chitinous ])arts
of the mouth, the base arising from a more chitin-
ized strip of the enveloping membrane. Of the
piercing character of the palpifer so little trace
remains, that its true character could not be sus-
pected without a study of the species previously
figured. In fact, there is now a complete change
of function, for I attribute to this part a prominent
share in the flexion of the proboscis. The part is
Fig iQ Operculum "^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^"7 ^pccics examined by me, in which
and palpifer of 5/*;^- the mouth parts are rigid, like Tabanus, SimuUum,
rop oria cy in rica. ^^.^1^^. qj. Qulex, though iu the latter there may be
a small basal prolongation similar to that of Bombylhus. Here, the
flexion is a very limited one, however, unaccompanied by any re-
traction. In forms like Leptis and Stratiomyia, where there is mere
retraction without flexion, there is no basal pro-
longation whatever, and, as no piercing effects are
required, there is a simple reduction in size, without
any change of function. In the development of
what may be termed the muscid type, in which the
mouth parts become entirely enveloped in a mem-
braneous extension of the oral opening, and the
sac thus formed becomes entirely retractible within
the head, a new adaptation becomes necessary.
The character of the mouth has changed ; piercing
organs are no longer required ; the palpifer, from
its situation as the exterior part of the maxillate
structure, gives the greatest opportunity for lever-
age and the modification begins in the direction of
a process for attaching the muscles. It is notable that, in the be-
ginning, the basal process is short, broad and flattened, strongly
roughened for the muscular attachments ; a mere appendix to the
functionless, but still well developed piercing organ. As the devel-
opment progresses the piercing organ becomes smaller, until it is
Fig. 20. Fulcrum
and palpifer of Lu-
cilia sp.
NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA.
337
rudimentary ; the basal extension enlarges, or rather elongates, and,
as it becomes longer, and the leverage becomes greater, it decreases
in bulk, and becomes finally a chitinous rod. At first free, it gradu-
ally attaches itself by what must now be considered its apex, but was
originally the base, to the base of the lacinia, and, as these disappear
iStomoxys) to the labial organ, so that it seems a mere appendage to
this i)art, and remains attached to it on separating the structures.
In a careful preparation of the blow-fly, CalUphora vomitoria, in-
tended to bring out the relative situation of the parts viewed later-
ally, I was able to show, more
clearly than I ever could in a
flat preparation, the precise loca-
tion of the separate structures.
It will be seen that centrally we
have the labium, with its united
paraglossse, and very distinct,
central ligula, attached by a mus-
cular hinge to the base of the
fulcrum. In front of this labium,
and partly enveloping it, are the
lacinia, closely united, and form-
ing the chitinous front margin of
the operculum or medi-proboscis.
Attached at the base of this la-
cinia is the palpifer, extending
free along the sides of fulcrum,
and by its muscular attachments
elevating the proboscis, so that it
rests with the lacinia between the
palpi and against the membrane
opposite the open front of the
fulcrum. In connection with
this flexed condition it will be of
interest to again refer to the figure (3 b) of Macrodadylus, as sug-
gestive of a possible line of development for the fulcrum.
The palpi in the blow-fly are from the enveloping membrane,
supported by a narrow chitinous strip, indicated in the figure by the
dotted portion at base. The subgalea forms the posterior or chitinous
portion of the operculum, and I can see no divisional suture. At-
tached are the galea, reduced to the well known chitinous supports
of the labellate development.
Fig. 21. Mouth parts of Callipheravomitoria
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XVII.
(43)
NOVEMBER, 1890.
538
JOHN B. SMITH.
Fig. 22. Mouth parts of
Musca dowestica.
Finally, I will add a figure of Musca dornestica, the common house-
fly, in which the parts are named in accordance with what I believe
to be their true character. The figure is
correct, save in the pseudo-tracheal system
of the galea in which no attempt at accuracy
was made.
I have now covered a series, showing, as I
believe, the homology between the mouth
parts of the Diptera, and the typically man-
dibulate mouth. Many more specimens were
examined than are here referred to, only
those useful to my purpose being selected to
figure, and only such characters being se-
lected for study as bore upon the present
inquiry. I have shown the presence of the
true mandibles in Simulivm, and their ab-
sence elsewhere. I have traced the " mandi-
bles" of previous authors — from a stout,
piercing organ, to the "great tendon" — and
have shown it to be a palpifer first, aud an attachment for muscles
flexing the proboscis finally. As a mere palpifer it may yet, in its
development, represent as well the stipes, which I do not otherwise
identify. I have proved the " labium" a mandibulate organ, and a
modification of the galea. I have shown its original paired character,
and its development to the typical muscid proboscis. I have proved
its jointed nature, and have identified the chitinous supports of the
pseudo-trachea, as the remnants of the original segments. The la-
cinia have always been recognized as the " maxillae," and I have
sihown to what particular piece they are homologous. I have shown
the meutum and the rudimentary labial palpi, and have homologized
the labrum-epipharynx and hypopharynx with the ligula and para-
glossse.
In ray studies I have followed a different line from that adopted
by Dimmock, Macloskie, or Kraepelin. I made no sections of any
kind, but studied each organ in its entirety, in its relation to others,
and in its development. In other words, my studies were morpho-
loo-ical rather than anatomical.
On mere philosophical and physiological grounds, I claim my
interpretation of the parts as the true one. It is perfectly conform-
able to any natural theory of evolutionary development ; it accounts
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA. 339
for every organ of the iiiandibulate mouth ; it requires no change of
function for any organ ; the galea as a " scraping and tearing" organ
being maxillary in its character, not labial ; the development re-
quired is simply a farther development of the line started in the
Hymenoptera, of which Cresson says : " mouth mandibulate, and with
a lower lip or tongue,* sheathed by the niaxillce ;" it requires no further
segmentation of any structure; it does not require the total loss of
any ])art at alt points of the series, nor does it anywhere require any
unusual development or change from a sensory to a functional organ ;
finally, it does not require any change in relative position of the
parts.
I have not the least doubt that the series presented by me could
be rendered much more conclusive ; but I am hampered by a lack
of material, only the few species which I collected as I ran across
them during the past season being at hand to draw from.
If my explanations are correct, some changes nmst be made in the
nomenclature of the mouth parts in the Hemiptera as well.
SOiTIE NOTES ON ARtEOSC HIZIIS.
BY GEO. H. HORN, M.D.
Since my Revision of the family Tenebrionidai in 1870, very little
has been done beyond the description of new genera and species
which have been discovered. All the species of the genus now under
consideration have been rare in collections with the exception of
s^tdcicol/is, which was found by me in considerable number, and dis-
tributed liberally, thereby making the genus known in collections.
In the meantime other collectors have, from time to time, found
small numbers of one or other species, so that at the present time
(juite good series of all the species have accumulated in my boxes.
The species are all quite small, somewhat ant-like in form, but
more depressed, and very sluggish in their movements. Their color
is some shade of brown, the surface without lustre. The elytra are
elongate-oval, the humeri rounded, the curve descending from the
peduncle of the body. The surface of the elytra is costate, there
being four elevated costse on each side, excluding the sutural, of
which the first and third are nearly entire, the others shorter. Be-
tween these costifi are two rows of coarse and deep punctures, never
* The italics are mine. The enveloping " maxillae" are the galea.
3-1:0 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
SO closely placed as to be crowded, but so large that those of one row
alternate with the other, the surface between the rows is smooth and
glabrous. The summits of the costse have a single row of scale-like
hairs, yellowish in color, usually flatly recumbent, sometimes quite
erect.
In about an equal number of species (rarer and but little known
in collections) the costse are less elevated, the punctures of the rows
smaller and separated by a finer costa, which bears at its summit a
row of scale-like hairs similar to that of the principal costa. This
sculpture give the appearance of seven finely elevated cost^e in i)lace
of four.
One species has the anterior and middle femora toothed at middle,
in all the others the femora are simple.
The head varies in form in all the species, the most broadly in
regularls, narrowest in sulcicollis, and most abruptly constricted in
armatiis.
Based on the above observations the following table is presented
as a more satisfactory arrangement of the species.
Elytra with four discal costse, the intersjjaces coarsely biseriately punctate 2.
Elytra with seven less elevated costse, the interspaces with a single row of punc-
tures 3.
2. — Scales at summit of costse and at margin of thorax short, inconspicuous,
recumbent.
Thorax sulcate or longitudinally impressed at middle.
Head regularly oval, but little longer than wide, sides arcuate, hind
angles broadly rounded regularis.
Head elongate-oval, longer than wide, sides nearly straight, oblique and
convergent, at base rather abruptly narrowed to the neck.
suIcicoUii^.
Thorax convex, at most slight impression at middle of base ; head oblong
oval, sides arcuate and near the base arcuately narrowing to the
neck simplex.
Scales at summit of costse and margin of thorax long, on the costse erect.
Thorax with very well marked median sulcus, limited each side by a row
of erect scales; head oval, but little louger than wide, sides arcuate,
rather abruptly narrowed to a neck at base fiinbk*iatii!ii.
3. — Femora unarmed.
Thorax narrow, evidently longer than wide, and slightly narrower than
the head, the disc not sulcate ; head oval, sides arcuately narrowing
from the base of the antennse ; humeri of elytra very obliquely
rounded, the hairs at the summits of the cosiie short, bristle-like
and nearly erect COStipeuiiis.
Thorax very little longer than wide, as wide as the head, the disc vaguely
sulcate; head rather broadly oval, sides regularly arcuate and
broadly rounded at the hind angles; elytral humeri rounded, not
oblique, the costse with short scale-like, recumbent hairs.
decipieiis.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTERA.
341
Auterior and middle femora armed in front of middle with a small tooth.
Thorax as wide as long, vaguely sulcate at middle ; head longer than wide,
sides nearly straight, slightly convergent posteriorly and at base
very abruptly narrowed to a neck ; elytral humei'i obtusely rounded,
the eostse with short, recumbent, scale-like hairs armatus.
The characters given in the table are so full as to make any de-
tailed descriptions of the species almost unnecessai-y, therefoi-e only
such remarks will be made as seem useful to supplement those already
given.
A. regnlai'is Horn, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xiv, 1870, p. 274.
The thorax is longer than wide, sides arcuate in front, then ob-
liquely convergent to base with a slight sinuation, the median sulcus
rather feeble. The hairs at the summits of the costae are short,
semi-erect and inconspicuous. The propleurse are coarsely, not
closely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mm. ; .18-.20 inch.
Collected by me originally at Fort Grant, and more recently by
H. F. Wickham, at Tucson, about sixty miles further south, in
Arizona.
A. siilcicollis Horn, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xiv, 1870, p. 274.
The thorax is decidedly longer than wide, strongly arcuate in
front, obliquely narrowed with a distinct sinuation toward the base,
the median sulcus very well marked. The elytral humeri are some-
what obliquely rounded, the hairs at the summits of the costre short,
inconspicuous and scale-like. Propleurai sparsely coarsely punctate.
Length 4 mm.; .16 inch.
Occurs in Owen's Valley, California. I have not seen any other
specimens than those collected by myself in that region.
A. simplex Cas.*— Brownish, head, thorax and legs sparsely clothed with
yello'wish, recumbent, scale-like hairs; head oval, longer than wide, widest be-
tween the antennje, thence gradually arcuately narrowed to the neck ; thorax
longer than wide, slightly narrower than the head, sides arcuate in anterior third,
then obliquely narrowed with a feeble .sinuation to base, disc convex with a de-
pression-at middle of base; elytra elongate-oval, equally narrowed at apex and
base, the humeri obliquely rounded, disc quadricostate, the intervals coarsely,
biseriately punctate, the costte, with recumbent scales at summit; propleurse
sparsely punctate. Length 3—4 mm. ; .12— .16 inch.
This species might readily be mistaken for codipennis, but the in-
tervals have not the elevated line between the eostse as in that spe-
«■ Just as the proof sheets of these pages came to hand a pamphlet extract from
the Annals of the N. Y. Acad. Sc. vol. v, was received from Capt. Casey, in which
the two species were found described on p. 369. I have therefore changed the
names given and allowed the descriptions to remain.
342 GEO. H. HORN, M. D.
cies. Exterior to the outer eosta there are three series of punctures,
two coarser which belong to the interval proper and a finer row on
the epipleuron.
Occurs in southwestern Texas, locality unknown.
A. fiiill>riatus Cas.* — Brown, elytra paler; antenuse .apparently stouter
than normal, clothed with rather long, scale-like hairs; head oval, longer than
wide, sides arcnately narrowing from the hase of the antennee, rather abruptly
constricted at the neck, sparsely clothed with yellowish scales; thorax but little
longer than wide, sides arcuate, near the base sinuate, disc sulcate at middle, the
groove limited each side by a row of erect scale-like hairs, margin of thorax
similarly fimbriate; elytra elongate-oval, equally narrowed at apex and base,
humeri obliquely rounded, disc quadricostate, the costie at summit with erect,
scale-like hairs, curved at tip, intervals coarsely biseriately punctate; propltune
nigulose, coarsely and closely punctate; legs sparsely scaly, femora mutic.
Length 4 mm. ; .16 inch.
This species resembles sulcicollis, but the thoracic groove is much
better marked and limited. The sides of the head are arcuate and
not straight and oblique. The scale-like hairs are here much more
conspicuous than in any other species known to me, especially
as the margin of the thorax, the summits of the costfe and on the
antennae.
Collected by Mr. H. F. Wickham, near Tucson, Arizona.
A. costipeiiiiis Lee, Araer. Lye. v, p. 138.
In this species the sides of the thorax are very feebly arcuate,
obliquelv narrowed from the anterior third to base, the disc convex,
with a slight impression at middle of the base. The elytra are nar-
rowly oval, equally narrow at either extremity, the humeri very ob-
liquely rounded, the disc has the usual four costse, the double row of
punctures between them, these separated by a less elevated ridge, the
costal and ridges at their summits have short, erect, bristle-like hairs
not closely placed. Propleurse rather sparsely punctate and shining.
Length 3-4 mm.; .12-.16 inch.
The resemblance between this species and simplex have already
been alluded to.
Occurs at Vallecito, Cal. (LeConte), Fort Grant, Tucson, Ariz.
(Wickham), and Fort Cummings, N. Mex. The last named speci-
men has the hairs of the costse more scale-like and less erect, and
may be a distinct species.
A. decipiens n. sp. — Brown, opaque; head, thorax and legs sparsely
clothed with short yellowish scales ; head broadly oval, scarcely longer than
wide, sides arcuate, the hind angles broadly rounded ; thorax a little longer than
* See foot-note on page 341.
NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTKRA. 34!^
wide, sides arcuate in front, thence oblique and straiglit to base, disc convex, a
slight impression at middle of base ; elytra obloiij; oval, humeri obtusely rounded',
the disc with seven nearly equally elevated costa*, the intervals with a single
series of coarse punctures, the summits of the costse with small, recumbent scales :
propleurse coarsely, sparsely punctate, somewhat rugose in front. Length 4 mm. ;
.16 inch.
This species has a deceptive resemblance to regidaris in form and
color, but differs in the absence of the thoracic groove and the greater
number of elytral ridges. In this species and the next there is but
little difference between the costse in their elevation.
Collected in southern Arizona by Moriison.
A. arinatlis Horn, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. xiv, 1870, p. 275.
The head is longer than wide, the sides straight and narrowed from
the base of the antennse, at base abruptly narrowed to the neck.
Thorax about as wide as long, sides arcuate in front, then obliquely
narrowed to base, disc convex, with a vague median sulcus. Elytra
oblong oval, humeri broadly rounded, disc with seven elevated lines,
the intervals with a single series of coarse punctures, the summits of
the ridges with short, semi-erect, scale-like hains. Propleura? coarsely,
rather closely punctate and rugose. Anterior and middle fetnora
toothed in front of middle. Length 3.5— l mm. ; .14-. 16 inch.
Resembles the preceding in appearance, but easily known from all
the other species by the dentate femora.
One specimen, Owen's Valley, Cal., Green River, Wyo., Wickham.
Mr. Wickham observed these associated with ants in the same man-
ner that I had noticed sulcicollis ; this is, however, merely an acci-
dent of habitat, as Arjeoschizus is neither parasitic nor inquiline.
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY.
January 23, 1890.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, vol. xxv, December, 1889.
From the Conductors.
CORRIGENDA.
Page 269 last word dissiinilis, should be at end of first line on page 270.
Page 270, in description of dissiiuilis, read 9-jointed.
Page 277 insert in Hydkobius— H. tunaidus Lee. Synopsis p. 372 ; Horn,
Revis. p. 134.
Page 290, the line in table beginning with 3, should have 4 at right end.
Bulletin Societe Imperiale de Moscou ; No. 4, 1888; No. 1, 1889.
From the Society.
Bihang Kongl Scenska vetenokaps — Akaderaiens Tolfte bandet
uud trettonde bandet afdelning 4. From the Academy.
Biologia ( eutrali-Americana. Lepidoptera, pp. 153-184 — 32-336.
Arachnida, pp. 41-48. Coleoptera, 145-168. By purchase.
Aurivellius H. Bd. xxi, 15, 1885, 33; 1887, 27. From the
Author.
Psyche, vol. v, Nos. 160-165. From the Editor.
Entomologica Americana, vol. v, Nos. 10-12. From the Society.
Canadian Entomologist, January, 1890. From the Editor.
(44)
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY.
January 23, 1890.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, vol. xxv, December, 1889.
From the Conductors.
Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, vol. xxiii, 1879 ; vol. xxiv,
1880. From the Society.
Canadian Entomologist, December, 1889. From the Editor.
Insect Life, vol. ii, Nos. 5-6. From the U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
Fifth Report New York State Experiment Station, on Injurious
Insects. From the Station.
Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, vol. x, 1866; vol. xi, 1867;
vol. xii, 1868; vol. xiii, 1869; vol. xiv, 1870; vol. xv, 1871; vol.
xvi, 1872; vol. xvii, 1873; vol. xviii, 1874; vol. xxiv, 1880; vol.
XX vi, part 2, 1882. From the Society.
Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxiv, sig. 17.
From the Society.
Bulletin No. 8 of the University of Minnesota Experiment Station,
July, 1889. From the Station.
Bulletin No. 5 of the Massachusetts Hatch Experiment Station,
July, 1889. From the Station.
Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, vol.
iii, December, 1889. From the Editor.
Bulletin Societe Imperiale de Moscou ; No. 4, 1888 ; No. 1, 1889.
From the Society.
Bihang Kongl Soenska vetenokaps — Akaderaiens Tolfte bandet
und trettonde bandet afdelning 4. From the Academy.
Biologia ( 'entrali- Americana. Lepidoptera, pp. 153-184 — 32-336.
Arachnida, pp. 41-48. Coleoptera, 145-168. By purchase.
Aurivellius H. Bd. xxi, 15, 1885, 33; 1887, 27. From the
Author.
Psyche, vol. v, Nos. 160-165. From the Editor.
Entomologica Americana, vol. v, Nos. 10-12. From the Society.
Canadian Entomologist, January, 1890. From the Editor.
(44)
n AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, January, 1890. From the
Conductors.
Le Naturalists Canadian, December, 1889. From the Editor.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vols, ii, iv-vii, ix-xv. By purchase.
Entomologica Americana, vol. vi, No. 1. From the Editor.
Journal of the New York Microscopical Society, vol. vi, No. 1.
From the Society.
Flowers and Insects, Nos. 1 and '2, Robertson. From the Author.
Compte-Rendu, Oct. 5, 1889. From the Society.
Bulletin Cornell Agricultural P^xperiment Station, November,
] 889. From the Station.
Bulletin No. 7 Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station,
January, 1890. From the Station.
Bulletin No. 7 Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, November,
1889. From the Station.
Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, band ii, 1889, pp. 225-424.
From the Society.
Catalogo die Lepidopteri d'ltalia. From the Author.
Bulletino della Soc. Entomologica Italiana. From the Society.
Bulletin No. 1 Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, vol. i, Oc-
tober, 1889. No. 1, vol. ii, March, 1889 ; No. 6, vol. ii, September,
1889. From the Station.
Grain Plant-h)use in Ohio, Circular No. 2. From the Author.
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Seventh Report, 1888.
From the Station.
Transactions and Froceeding.s of Royal Society of South Australia.
From the Society.
February, 1890.
Biologia Centrali-Americana. iVrachnida, pp. 49-56, plates 5.
Coleoptera, pp. 385-416, plate 24; pp. 169-193; pp. 105-120, pi.
5. " Lepidoptera, pp. 337-344, pi. 30. Coleoptera, pp. 321-328, pi.
30. By purchase.
Transactions American Entomological Society, vol. xvi, No. 4,
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, Nos. 1 and 2. From the
Society.
Proceedings and Transactions Nova Scotian Institute of Natural
Sciences, vol. vii, pt. 3. From the Institute.
Proceedings of Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxiv, sigs.
19-21. From the Society.
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. Ill
Verhandlungen Zoologische Botanische Gesellschaft, vol. xxxix,
part 4. From the Society.
British Bee Journal, vol. xviii, Nos. 1-2. From the Author.
Revue Scientifique, November, 1888. From the Author.
Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science, vol. vii, 188-3-
87. From the Academy.
Naturje Novitates, Nos. 28-25, 1889. From the Editor.
The Young Naturalist, January, 1890. From the Editor.
Entomologica Americana, vol. vi, Nos. 1 and 2. From the Society.
L'auxiliare, January, 1890. From the Editor.
Canadian Entomologist, February, 1890. From the Editor.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, second series, vol. 1. From
the Conductors.
Butterflies of North America, third series, part 9. From the
Author.
Cave Animals, Garman, Bulletin Museum Comparative Zoology,
Harvard. From the Museum.
Annotated Catalogue of the insects collected in 1887-88, Howard.
From the Author.
Psyche, vol. v. No. 166. From the Editor.
Proceedings of the Natural Science Association of Staten Island,
vol. ii. From the Association.
New North American Acridse, Bruner. From the Author.
Horn Fly, Riley and Howard. From the Authors.
Compte-Rendu, December, 1889 ; January, 1890. From the
Society.
Die Tagfalter Europa.- und des Caucasus, Bramson. From the
Author.
Entomologische Nachrichten, January, 1890. By purchase.
Journal and Proceedings of the Hamilton Association, part 5,
1888-90. From the Association.
Rhopalocera Nihonica, parts 2 and 3. From the Editor.
A pen sketch of S. A. Forbes, by Dr. F. W. Coding. From the
Author.
Annual Report of the Geological and N. H. Survey of Canada,
vol. iii, parts 1 and 2, with maps. From the P>litor.
Entomological News, vol. i, No. 3. From the Comjuittee.
A reply to C. V. Riley, by G. H. Horn, M.D. P^rom the Author.
iv american entomological society.
March 27, 1890.
The Young Naturalist, January a^id February, 1890. From the
Editor.
Entomologica Americana, March, 1890. From the Society.
Faune de L'allier, par Ernest Olivier. From the Author.
Canadian Entomologist, March, 1890. From the Editor.
A season's work among the Enemies of the Horticulturist. From
the Author.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, January-February, 1890
From the Editor.
Insect Life, vol. ii, Nos. 7 and 8. Fi'om the U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
Bolletino del Naturalista, vol. x, No. 1. From the Editor.
Science News, vol. xxiv, No. 8. From the Editor.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi. No. 4. By purchase.
Psyche, vol. iv, Nos. 138-146, and Index. From the Editor.
British Bee Journal, March, 1890. From the Editor.
Natural Enemies of the Fluted Scale, by A. Koeble. From the
Author.
Proceedings of the California Academy of vSciences, second series,
vol. ii, 1889. From the Academy,
Psyche, vol. v, Nos. 167 and 168. From the Editor.
Journal of the Royal Society of New South Wales, vol. xxiii, pt.
1. From the Society.
Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, eighth re-
])ort. From the Station.
Animals of the Waters of the Mississippi Bottoms, by G. H.
Garnmn. From the Author.
The Kansas City Naturalist. From the Editor.
Transactions of the Maryland Academy of Sciences, vol. i, 1888.
From the Academy.
Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society, vol. ii, No. 1.
From the Society.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, 1890, heft v. By purchase.
Le Naturaliste Canadien, vol. xix, Nos. 7 and 8. From the
Editor.
Coleoptera Nova Argentina, Carlo Berg. From the Author.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
part B, October to December, 1889. From the Academy.
additions to library. v
April 24, 1890.
Entomologische Zeituiig for 1866, 1875, 1878, 1880, 1886, 1889.
From the Society.
Revised Check-List of the North American Noctuidse, by A. R.
Grote. From the Author.
Entomologica Americana, April, 1890. From the Society.
Insect Life, vol. ii, No. 9. From the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.
Journal of the Cincinnati Natural History Society, vol. xii, No. 4.
From the Society.
Compte-Rendu, March, 1890. From the Society.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, March, 1890. From the
Editor.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, April, 1890. From the Con-
ductors.
The Fossil Butterflies of the Florissant, Scudder. From the
Department of the Interior.
A Tube-building Spider, by W. L. Poteat. From the Author.
Bulletin of the N. J. Experiment Station. From the Station.
Biologia Centrali-Aniericana. Diptera, pp. 41-56. Index to vol.
ii, pt. 2. Coleoptera, vol. iv, pt. 2, pp. 121-1(50; vol. i, pp. 345-368.
Arachnida, pp. 57-64. Coleoptera, vol. ii, pt. 1, pp. 169-176. Het-
erocera, vol. i, pp. 369-384. Diptera, vol. ii, pp. 57-88. By pur-
chase.
Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, vol. ii, pp. 197-410, 1890.
From the Society.
Canadian Entomologist, April, 1890. From the Editor.
Cynipids and Cynipidous Galls on Oaks common to Iowa, by C.
P. Gillette. From the Author.
Presidential Address and Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of
Sciences. From the Acadeniy.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 404, 405, 406, 407 ; 395-403, vol. 18.
From the Author.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, pts. 6 and 7. By purchase.
Naturaliste Canadieu, vol. xix. No. 9. From the Editor.
Popular Science News, vol. xxiv, No. 4. From the Editor.
Naturae Novitates, March, No. 5. From the Editor.
Contributions toward a Monograph of the Noctuidse of temuerate
North America — Revision of some Taeniocanipid Genera, by John
B. Smith. From the Author.
vi american entomological society.
May 22, 1890.
Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperial des Naturalistes de
Moscou, vol. XV, 1889. From the Society.
Eimmeracion Sistematica y Siiionimica de los Formicidos, C Berg,
1890. From the Author.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, April, 1890. From the Editor,
Zoologisch.-Botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 1890, vol. xl, first
quarter. From the Society.
Fifteenth Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, by S. A.
Forbes. From the Author.
Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 8,
April, 1890. From the Station.
Descriptions of new IchneuuKmidse in coll. U. S. National Mu-
.seum, Ashmead, vol. xii, No. 779. From the Author.
Sixteenth Report State Entomologist of Illinois, Forbes, 1890.
From the Author.
The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, J. W. Tutt,
April, 1890, vol. i, No. 1. From the Editor.
Science News, vol. xxiv. No. 5. From the Editor.
British Bee Journal, No. 408. From the Editor.
Bulletin Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1889, No. 2.
From the Society.
Notes on Bumble-Bees, by Fred. V. Coville. From the Author.
Bibliography to the More Important Contributions to American
Economic Entomology, Henshaw, 1890. From the U. S. Agricul-
tural Department.
Horse Societatis Entomologicse Rossicae, vol. xxiii, 1889. From
the Society.
Naturaliste Canadien, vol. xix, No. 10. From the Editor.
Entomologica Americana, vol. vi. No. 5. From the Society.
On the Coleoptera common to North America and other Countries,
by E. A. Schwarz. From the Author.
Bulletin No. 61 Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, also
Nos. 58 and 62. From the Station.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, Nos. 4 and 8. Purchased.
Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington, vol. i. No. 4.
From the Society.
Journal Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society of Washington, vol. vi,
part 2. From the Society.
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. VII
Bulletin No. 10 University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment
Station. From the Station.
Notes on the Comparative Vitality of Insects in Cold Water,
Schwarz. From the Author.
Myrmecophilous Coleoptera found in temperate North America,
8chwarz. From the Author.
Psyche, vol. v, No. 169. From the Editor.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, May, 1890. From the Con-
ductors.
Canadian Entomologist, May, 1890. From the Editor.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 409 and 410. From the Editor.
Wiener Entomologische Zeitung for 1887. From the Editor.
Transactions Entomological Society of London for 1888 and 1889.
From the Society.
Bulletin No. 1 Col. Biological Association. From the Association.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi. No. 9. Purchased.
June 9, 1890.
Mittheilungen vol. viii, part 4, January, 1890. From the Society.
Compte-Rendu, April, 1890. From the Society.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, May, '90. From the Author.
Bibliographical Catalogue of the described Transformations of
North American Lepidoptera, Hy. Edwards. From the U. S.
National Museum.
Insect Life, vol. ii. No. 10. From the U. S. Department of Ag-
riculture.
Catalogue of the Described Aranese of temperate North America,
by Dr. George Marx. From U. S. National Museum.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 411 and 412. From the Editor.
Entomological News, vol. No. 6. From the Committee.
The Young Naturalist, May, 1890. From the Editor.
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Coleoptera, vol. ii, part 1, 313-8:J6 ;
vol. vii, 129-144; vol. viii, tab. 7. Arachnida-Acaridaj, pp. 17-24,
tab. 12, 13, 14. Diptera, vol. ii, 89-112. Rhynchota, pp. 329-36.
Heterocera, vol. i, 385-92. Hymenoptera, vol. ii, 65-80, tab. 5.
By purchase.
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Diptera, vol. ii, pp. 113-144, tab.
3. Rhynchota, 337-44, tab. 31. Heterocera, vol. i, 393-416, tab.
33. Hymenoptera, vol. ii, 81-88. Coleoptera, vol. vi, part 1, Suppl.
177-184. Arachnida-Araneidea, tab. 7. By purchase.
Vlll AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Entomologiea Americana, June, 1890. From the Society.
Insecticides and their Application, Webster, p. Ind. Hort. Rep.
From the Author.
Bulletin No. 9 Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, 1890.
From the Station.
Canadian Entomologist, June, 1890. From the Editor.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 413 and 414. From the Editor.
Twentieth Annual Report Entomological Society Ontario, 1889.
From the Society.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, June, 1890. From the Con-
ductors.
Le Naturaliste Canadieu, vol. xix, No. 11. From the Editor.
Bulletin Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, May,
1890 (special). From the Station.
Bulletin Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, May,
1890, Bulletin No. 9. From the Station.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, No. 10. Purchased.
Science News, vol. xxiv. No. 6. From the Editor.
September 25, 1890.
The Young Naturalist, June, 1890. From the Editor.
West African Scientist, June, 1890. From the Editor.
Le Naturaliste Canadien, June, 1890. From the Editor.
Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
Part 1, 1890. From the Academy.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part 4, 1890.
From the Society.
Bulletin Agricultural Experiment Station of Nebraska, vol. iii.
Xo. 14. From the Station.
Zoe, vol. i, No. 3. From the Editor.
Naturae Novitates, May, 1890, No. 9. From the Editor.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 415 and 416. From the Editor.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, pt. 11. By purchase.
Schach dem Darwinismus, Johannes Schilde. From the Author
Bull, de la Soc. Imp, des Naturalistes de Moscou, 1889, No. 3.
From the Society.
Entomologiea Americana, vol. vi, No. 7. From the Society.
British Bee Journal, No. 418. From the Editor.
Experiment Station Kansas Agricultural College, Bulletin No.
10. From the Station.
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. IX
Insect Life, vol. ii, Nos. 11 and 12. From the U. S. Dept. of
Agriculture.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, July, 1890. From the Con-
ductors.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, June, '90. From the Editor.
Eutomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, pt. 12, By purchase.
Canadian Entomologist, July, 1890. From the Editor.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. iv, No. 3. By purchase.
Biologia Centrali-Americana : Diptera, vol. ii, pp. 145-176, pi. 4.
Heterocera, vol. i, pp. 417-424. Coleoptera, 185-200, vol. vi, pt. 1,
suppl. ; tab. 10, vol. ii, pt. 1. Coleoptera, vol. iv, pt. 2, pp. 161-184.
Acaridea, pi. 15. Arachnida-Araneidea, pi. 7. Hymenoptera, vol.
ii, pp. 89-96, pi. 6.
Compte-Rendu, June 7, 1890. From the Society.
Psyche, vol. v, No. 170. From the Editors.
United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No. 22. From
the Department.
Second Annual Report Kansas Agricultural College Experiment
Station 1889. From the College.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 419 and 420. From the Editor.
Wurttembergische Viertelfahrshefte fiir Landeschichte, Heft 2,
3 and 4, 1889-90. From the Society.
Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe and d'Algerie, Ed. Andre.
From the Author.
Canadian Entomologist, August, 1890. From the Editor.
The Entomologist, July, 1890. From the Editor.
Verhandlungen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft. From the
Society.
Entomologica Americana, July, 1890. From the Society.
The West American Scientist, July, 1890, From the Editor.
The Entomologist, August, 1890. From the Editor.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, July, 1890. From the
Editor.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, June, 1890, pt.
1. From the Society.
Zoe, May, 1890. From the Editor.
Bulletin from the Laboratories of Nat. Hist, of the State Univer-
sity of Iowa. From the University.
Entomologica Americana, vol. vi, Nos. 3 and 4, August, 1890.
From the Society.
(45)
X AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, parts 13 and 14. By pur-
chase.
The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, August, 1890. From the
Conductors.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society, vol. xvii,
No. 2. From the Society.
Popular Science News, August, 1890. From the Editor.
British Bee Journal, No. 422. From the Editor.
Compte-Rendu, July, 1890. From the Society.
The Young Naturalist, August, 1890. From the Editor.
Transactions, Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of
South Australia, vol. xii. From the Society.
The Phycitidse of North America, by Geo. D. Hulst. From the
Author.
The Epipaschiinte of North America, by Geo. D. Hulst. From
the Author.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 423 and 424. From the Editor.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, pt. 15. By purchase.
The Mouth-parts of the Thysanoptera, by H. Garman. From
the Author.
South Carolina Experiment Station, Second Report, 1889. From
the Station.
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London from November to
June, 1888. From the Society.
Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. xx, Nos. 122, 123; vol, xxi,
Nos. 133-135 ; vol. xxiii, Nos. 141-144. From the Society.
List of the Linnean Society of London, January, 1890. From
the Society.
Entomological News, vol. i, No. 7. From the Committee.
Prodronms of Victoria, Decade 19. From the Author.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, August, 1890. From the
Editor.
West American Scientist, August, 1890. From the Editor.
Compte-Rendu, August, 1890. From the Society.
An essay on Insects Injurious to Vegetation, by Dr. C. A. Greene.
From the Author.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, sigs. 34-36.
From the Society.
Popular Science News, vol. xxiv, No. 9. From the Editor.
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. XI
The Entomologist, vol. xxiii, No. 328, September, 1890. From
the Editor.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 425-428. From the Editor.
Entomologica Americana, vol. vi, No. 9, 1890. From the Society.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, September, 1890. From the
Conductors.
Insect Life, vol. iii, No. 1. From the U. S. Department of Ag-
riculture.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi. No. 16. By purchase.
The Young Naturalist, September, 1890. From the Editor.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part 2, 1890.
From the Society.
Catalogue of the Insects of New Jersey, by J. B. Smith. From
the Author.
Canadian Entomologist, vol. xxii, No. 9. From the Editor,
The Apple Maggot (Trypeta pomonella), by F. L. Harvey. From
the Author.
Mittheilungen, vol. viii, pt. 4, 1890. From the Society.
October 28, 1890.
Life History of Drepana arcuata. — Hints on the evolution of the
Bristles, Spines and Tubercles of certain Caterpillars, by A. S. P.
From the Author.
Popular Science News, vol. xxiv. No. 10. From the Editor.
Bulletin No. 10 Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, August,
1890. From the Station.
Bulletin No. 10, Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station,
October, 1890. From the Station.
Compte- Rendu, No. 6, September, 1890. From the Society.
Le Canadien Naturaliste, July, 1890. From the Editor.
Bulletin U. S. National Museum, No. 38. Review spec. gen.
Agroiis. From the Museum.
The Young Naturalist, October, 1890. From the Editor.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, October, 1890. From the Con-
ductors.
The Entomologist, October, 1890. From the Editor.
Nova Acta Regise Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. Cat. Meth-
odique 1744-1889, vol. xiv, 1890. From the Society.
Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. iv, Nos.
7, 8, 9. From the Society.
Xll AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
• Entoraologica Americana, vol. vi, No. 10. From the Society.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 429-432. From the Editor.
Bull. Soc Ent. Italiana, September, 1890. From the Society.
Entomological News, vol. i, No. 8. From the Committee.
Canadian Entomologist, vol. xxii. No. 10. From the Editor.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, pts. 3 and
4, 1890. From the Society.
West American Scientist, September, 1890. From the Editor.
Revue Scientlfique du Bourbonnais, September, 1890. From
the Editor.
Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, Seite 1-2, 1-140, 1890. From
the Society.
Experiment Station Kansas Agricultural College, Bulletin No.
13. From the Station.
Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, vol. iv, par N. M. Romanofl'. From
the Author.
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South
Wales, vol. xxiii, pt. 2. From the Society.
Annales Soc. Entomologique de France, parts 1-4, 1889. From
the Society.
Societe Linneenne du Nord de la France, Bull. No. 219, Septem-
ber, 1890. From the Society.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 433-434. From the Editor.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, October, 1890. From the
Editor.
November 27, 1890.
Entomologica Americana, November, 1890. From the Society.
The Entomologist, November, 1890. From the Editor.
The Young Naturalist, November, 1890. From the Editor.
Insect Life, vol. iii, No. 2. From the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.
Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, November, 1890. From the
<\induetors.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 433-438. From the Editor.
Naturae Novitates, October-September, 1890. From the Editor.
Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, vol. xxv, pp. 1-16.
From the Society.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890, pai't 3.
From the Society.
ADDITIONS TO LIBRARY. Xlll
Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, vol. xiii,
part 1. From the Society.
Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, vol. xiii,
Nos. 1, 2, 3. From the Society.
Annales Soc. Entomologique de Belgique vol. xxxiii, 1889. From
the Society.
California Academy of Natural Sciences. Occasional Papers, 1, 2.
From the Academy.
Annales Soc. Entomologique de France, part 3, 1889. From the
Society.
L'auxiliare, February-September, 1890. From the Editor.
Academy of Sciences of St. Louis. — List of officers, members, etc.
From the Academy.
Canadian Entomologist, November, 1890. From the Editor.
Science News, vol. xxiv, No. 11, November, 1890. From the
Editor.
Le Naturaliste Canadien, vol. xx. No. 2, August, 1890. From the
Editor.
Eutomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi. No. 20. By purchase.
Insect Life, vol. iii. No. 3. From the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture.
Compte-Rendu, October 4th, 1890. From the Society.
Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State
University of Iowa, vol. ii. No. 1. From the University.
Materiaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province du Bra-
bant.—Materiaux pour la Faune Entomologique du Limbourg.
From the Author.
Essay on the Destruction of the Mosquito and House-fly, by Wm.
Beutenmiiller. From the Author.
December 8, 1890.
L'auxillaire, October, 1890. From the Editor.
West American Scientist, October, 1890. From the Editor.
Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, November, 1890. From the
Editor.
British Bee Journal, Nos. 439-440. From the Editor.
Bulletin No. 11, Iowa Agricultural Experiment Statioji. From
the Station.
United States Department of Agriculture— Report of Entomolo-
gist for 1889. From the Department.
XIV AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
United States Department of Agriculture — Insects aifecting the
Hackberry, by C V. Riley. From the Author.
United States Department of Agriculture — Insecticides and Means
of Applying them to Shade and Forest Trees, by C. V. Riley-
From the Author.
United States Department of Agriculture — The Insectivorous
Habits of the English Sparrow. From the Department.
Naturae Novitates, October, 1890. From the Editor.
Entomologische Nachrichten, vol. xvi, No. 21. By purchase.
Entomological News, vol. i, No. 9. From the Committee.
Bulletin Societe Imperiale de Moscou; No. 4, 1889; No. 1, 1890.
From the Society.
INDEX.
The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of the
Author.
PAGE
Acraspis raacrocarpee Bassett 84
politus J5asseM 85
Acrobasis 114, 120
angusella 120, 121
hetuleWa Hulst 120, 125
carysB 120,122
carysevorella 120, 121
comptoniella Hulst ...120, 125
demotella 120,122
gulosella Hulst 120, 126
hebescella Hulst 120, 126
nigrosignella Hulst. ..120. 123
palliolella 120, 121
rubrifasciella 120, 124
Agrotis 41
abnormis Smith 41
alticola Smith 51
annulipes Smith 48
atomaris Smith 47
basilflava Smith 52
Clemens Smith 44
cogitans Smith 46
congrna, Smith 43
erratica Smith 41
furtivus Smith 56
iucallida Smith 50
inelegans Smitfe 43
infelix Smith 57
iusertans Smith 45
lutuleuta Smith 50
murdocki Smith 49
nostra Smith 55
planifrous Smith 42
quinquelinea Smith 49
remota Smith 47
rena Smith 53
satieus Sm</i 45
PAGE
Agrotis spectanda Smith 54
tessellata 54
volubilis 45
Altoona 204, 206
ardiferella 207, 208
dischrocella 207
opace.lla 207
tetradella 207
Ambesa 114, 141
IjBtella 141
lallatalis 141, 142
niveella 141
Walsinghamiella 141, 142
Amphibolips caroliniensis Bassett.. 85
Palmeri Bassett 86
Anacffina 261
Audricus 73
cicatricula 80
Howertoni Bassett 82
? indistinctus Bassett 81
Maxwelli Bassett 83
mexicana Bassett 78
speciosus Bassett 81
Anoristia 160
flavidorsella 160
olivella 160
Arseoschizus 339
armatus 341, 343
costipennis 340, 342
decipiens Horn ...340, 342
fimbriatus 340, 342
regularis 340, 341
simples 340, 341
sulcicollis 340, 341
Atascosa Hulst 204. 210
bicolorella Hulst 210
flosella Hulst 210
INDEX.
PAGE
Aulas 90
podagrae Bassett 91
tumidius Bassett 92
Aurora 204, 209
longipalpella 210
Bandera 116, 202
binotella 202
cupidinella 202, 203
subluteella 202
CJalera 204, 217
pnnctilimbella 217
Callirhytis Clarkei Bassett 79
p\\a\a. Bassett 77
piilchra Bassett 73
pusulatoides Bassett 74
reticulata i?asseW 74
rusjiuosus Bassett 75
saccularis jBasse« 76
semiuosus Bassett 76
Canarsia Hidst 115, 179
hammoudi 180,181
ulmiarrosorella 180
Cayuga 204, 208
bistriatella 209
gemmatella 209
Cercyon 287, 288,313
adumbratus 290, 298
analis 290,299
depressus 290, 293
fimbriatus 290, 292
floridanus Horn 291, 303
fulvipennis 290, 296
granarius 291. 304
hsemorrhoidalis 291, 300
impunctatus 290, 294
indistinctus iToni 290, 297
lateralis 290, 297
littoralis 289, 291
lugubris 291, 302
luuiger 290, 293
marinus 290, 296
melanocephalus 291, 301
navicularis 291, 305
nigriceps 291, 302
ocellatus 290, 299
prsetextatus 290, 295
pubesceus 291, 305
pygmgeus 291, 301
quisquilius 290, 294
P.\GE
CercyoD tristis 291,303
variegatus 290, 298
Cercyoues 281, 287
Chasmogenus 238
Cceuoohroa 204, 217
californiella 217
Creniphilus 267, 277
degener Horn 270, 273
despectus 270, 272
digestus 270, 274
dissirailis 269, 270
i n fuscatus 270, 275
mouticola Horn.... 270, 271
moratus Horn 270, 271
rufiventris 270, 274
subcnpreus 270, 273
suturalis 270. 272
Cryptopleurum 307. 310. 314
americanuni 311
minutum 311
Cutiiia albopunctella 219
Cyboceplialiis? unicolor 312
Cycloiioti 281
Cymbiodyta 238, 241, 252, 277
Blauchardi Horn. ..254, 258
dorsalis 254, 255
firabriata 254, 258
fraterculus 254, 255
imbellis 254, 256
lacustris 254, 259
morata Horn 254, 256
punctatostriata 251
rotunda 254, 257
Cynipidae, new species 59
Dactylosternum 281, 282, 313
abdoniinale 283
advectum Horn.. 284
cacti 284
Dauuemora Hidst 204. 212
edeutella fi'M/s/; 213
Dasypyga 114, 138
alternosquamella 138
stictopborella 139
Deudroctonus 27
approximatus Dietz 28, 31
frontalis 28,32
rufipennis 28, 29
siinilis 28,30
simplex 28,31
INDEX.
xvii
PAGE
Dendroetonusterebraus 28,29
Dioryctria 114, 134
abietella 134, 135
actnalis 134, 135
auranticella 134
clarioralis 134, 136
Diptera, mouth parts 319
Diviana 115, 190
eudoreella 190
Dolichorrhina 115, 190
aureofasciella 190
Dryophanta Clarkei Bassett 69
coYr\ig\s Bassett 71
eburueus Bassett 70
pedunculata Bassett... 72
pumiliveutris Bassett. 69
similis Bassett 71
Elasmopalpus 115, 157
decoralis 157, 158
floridellus^(tZs«.157, 158
incantellus 159
lignosellus 157, 159
melanellus jEfwisf.... 157
petrellus 157, 158
tai-tarellns 157, 159
Enchorus 242
Ephestia 116. 197
elutella 198, 200
fuscofasciella 198
kuehniella 198
nigrella Hulst 198, 200
ostrinella 220
rileyella 198
Ephestiodes 115, 194
erythrella 194, 195
gilvesceutella 194
iufimella 194
Epischnia 115,162
albocosbalis 163
boisduvaliella 162
fulvirugella 162, 164
grauitella 162
ruderella 162
subcostella 162, 163
Epitheca Walshii 33
Etiella 115, 169
rubribasella fi^M?s< 169, 170
shisticolor 169, 170
zinckenella 169, 170
PAGE
I Eurhodope approximella 218
Eurytbmia 116, 195
hospitella 196
ignidorsella 196
Euzophera 115, 174
aglseella 175, 177
franconiella Hulst 177
nigricantella 175, 177
ocbricantella 175, 177
ostricolorella Hulst.lli, 175
semifuneralis 175
Glyptocera 114, 140
consobriuella 140
Halictus albipennis Robertson 317
Cressonii Robertson 317
Forbesii Robertson 315
gracilis Robertson 316
nelumbouis Robertson.... 316
palustris Robertson 317
pectiualis Robertson 315
4-maculatus Robertson... 316
tegu]a,i'is Robertson 318
Helochares 238, 240, 250, 277
maculicollis 251
normatus 251, 252
Helocombus Horn 241, 259, 277
bifidus 260
Heterocerus 1, 4, 16
auromicaus 5, 14
brunneus 4, 10
collaris 5, 11
fatuus 4, 8
gemmatus Horn 4, 9
gnatho 4, 5
miser 8
mollinus 4, 8
pallidas 4, 6
pusillus 5. 13
Schwarzi iforw 4, 11
substriatus 8
tristis 5, 13
uudatus 4, 7, 8
ventralis 4, 6
Heterographis 115, 186
coloradensis 186
Morrisonella 186
olbiella 186
Holcaspis canescens Bassett 66
corallinus Bassett 66
(46)
INDEX.
PAGE
Holcaspis duricoria Bassett 64
'pernicrosus Bassett 68
SUerl Bassett 67
Homalochthebius 18
Homoeosoma 115, 191
albescentella 191, 192
anguliferella 191, 192
electella 191, 193
illuviella 191, 192
impressalis 191
mucidella 191, 193
opalescella 191, 192
stypticella 191, 193
uucanalis 191, 192
Homosassa Hulst 204,214
ella 214
Honora 115, 187
mellinella 187, 188
montiuatatella 187, 189
oblitella 187
ochrimaculella 187, 189
sciurella 187, 189
subsciurella 187, 189
Hydrobiini 237
Hydiobius 238, 261, 262, 277
fuscipeS 263
globosus 263. 264
latus 263, 265
scabrosus 263, 265
tessellatus 263, 266
tumidus 263. 264
Hydrocombus .... 238
Hypochaleia 115. 168
hulstiella 168
Hypsotropa 204, 212
luteicostella 212
lisetilia 115, 182
coccidivora — 182, 183
ephestiella 185
Laodamia 115, 156
fusca 156
Lepthemis gravida Calvert 35
Leucorhinia 229
albifrons 231
borealis Hagen 231
dubia 234
fTigida Hagen 231
glacialis Hagen 234
Hageni Calvert 36
PAGE
Leucorhinia hudsonica 233
intacta 39, 235
pectoralis 231
proxima Calvert 38, 232
rubicunda 232
triedra 230
Libellula incesta 34
Lipographis 115, 166
fenestrella 166
humilis 166, 167
leoninella 166, 167
Littorimus 4, 5
M&nhsitta Hulst 115, 196
Ingubrella 197
obtusangulelJa 197
Maricopa Hulst 203, 205
lativittella 206
Martia 203, 209
arizonella 209
Megasis 115, 164
atrella Hulst 165, 166
edwardsialis 165
excantalis 165
Megasterni 281, 307
Megasternum 307. 308, 314
posticatura 308
punctulatum Horn... 309
Melitara 115, 171
dentata 171. 172
Ferualdialis 171,172
prodenialis 171
Meroptera 114, 148
canescentella Hulst 149
pravella 148
unicolorella 149
uvinella 148
Metacyruus 261
Mineola Hulst 114, 126
amplexella 127
caliginella 127, 128
indigenella 127, 130
juglandis 127, 131
nebulella 131
tricolorella 127
vacciuii 127, 128
Moodna Hulst 115, 193
pelviculella Hulst 194
Mouth parts of Diptera 319
Myelois 114, 116
INDEX.
PAGE
Myeloisalatella 116, 118
bilineatella 116. 117
bistriatella 116, 117
coniella 116, 118
duplipunctella 116, 119
hystriculella 116, 119
immundella Hulst 116, 117
minimella 116
minutulella 118
obnupsella Hulst 116, 118
subtetricella 116, 117
zonulella 116, 117
Navasota 204, 212
hebetella 212
Nephopteryx 114, 142
basilaris 143, 145
crassifasciella 143, 146
fasciolalis 143, 144
furfurella 143
geminipunctella 144
gilvibasella Hulst.US, 145
hypochalciella....l43, 144
iuquilinella 142, 145
ovalis 143, 144
pergratialis 143
rhypodella 143, 144
rubiginella 218
rubrisparsella 143, 145
scobiella 143
seminivella 218
subtiuctella 143, 146
transitella 218
Neuroterus favosus i?rtsse« 87
Howertoui Bassett 90
pallidus i?«sse(f 88
pallipes Bassett 89
pohtas Bassett 89
Ochthebius 17, 18, 26
atti-itus 19, 23
benefossus 18, 19
cribiicollis 19, 22
discietus 19, 21
foveicollis 18, 20
Holmbergi 19, 24
intenuptus 19, 23
Isevipennls 18, 20
liueatus 19, 24
nitidus 19, 22
puncticollis 19, 21
PAGE
Ochthebius rectus 19, 21
sculptus 19, 24
Odonata, Notes on 33
Odontochthebius 18
Ortholepis 114, 140
jugosella 140
Paracyuus 261
Pelosoma 287, 306, 314
capillatum 306
Pemelus Horn 307, 309, 314
costatus 310
Pempelia subcsesiella 220
viigatella 219
Peoria 204,213
bipartitella 214
hsematica 213
PeoriiDffi 114,203,227
Petaluma 204, 215
illibella 216
iuspergella 216
Phfenonotum 281, 286, 313
estriatum 287
semiglobosum 287
Phajuotypus Horn 281, 285, 313
palmarum 286
Philhydrus...238. 240, 241, 242, 243, 276
californicusifont...243, 248
carinatus 242,243
cinctus 243,247
cousors 243,248
cuspidatus 242, 244
diffusus 243,249
fucatus 242,244
Hamiltoni Horn.. ..243, 249
nebulosus 243, 245
ochraceus 243, 246
perplexus 243, 247
reflexipennis 243, 250
Phycitid£e 93, 113, 223
Phycitinffi 114, 223
Phycitopsis 114, 133
flavicornella 134
Piesmopoda 114, 132
filiolella 133
subrufella 133
Pima 115. 164
albiplagiatella 164
Pinipestis 114', 136
albovittella Hulst 136, 138
INDEX.
PAGE
Pinipestisamatella 136
pygmseella 136
Zimmermanni 136, 137
Plodia 116,200
interpunctella 201
Promylea 114, 139
lunigerella 139
Prosopis nelumbonis Robertson 318
Pyla 115. 161
ajneoviridella 161
sciutallans 161
Ragouotia 203, 204
dotalis , 205
saganella if«tet 205
Rhodites lenticularis Bassett 59
nebulosus Bassett 63
tumidus 5asse« 60
utaheusis Bassett 62
variabilis Bassett 61
Rhodopbffia 114, 119
exsulella 120
pallicornella 119
Salebria 115,149
aliculella 150, 154
annulosella 150
bifasciella 150, 154
carneella 149. 1.53
celtidella Hulst 149, 155
coutatella 149, 152
delasalis 149, 154
nubiferella 150
odiosella 150, 155
pumitella 150
quinquepunctella 152
semiobscurellaif!t/s<..150, 151
subfuscella 151
tarmitalis 149, 153
tenebrosella 150. 151
Saluria 207, 211
glareosella 211
ostrella 211
rostrella 211
PAGE
Sarata 115, 168
nigrifasciella 169
perfuscalis 168
Selagia 115, 159
Hthosella 160
Seneca Hulst 115, 177
tumidulella 178
Siudolus 238
Sphseridiini 279
Stantira variegata 2J9
Statiua , 204,216
glandiella Hulst 216
roseotinctella 216
Staudingeria 115, 185
albipenuella 186
Subrita abrostella 219
Tacoma 114, 139
feriella 1.39
Tampa 116, 203
dimediatella 203
Tlascala Hulst 114, 146
finitella 147
reductella 146
Trymochthebius 18
Ulopbora 222
groteii 222
\Jnad\\l& Hulst 116, 197
nasutella Hulst 197
Vitula 115, 178
basimaculella 179
edwardsii 178
serratilineella 179
Volusia Hulst 203, 206
roseopennella ITmZs^ 206
Wekiva Hulst 204, 215
nodosella Hulst 215
Zophodia 115, 172
dilatifasciella 173, 174
glaucatella 173,174
graciella 173
grossularise 173
packardella 173
sn
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