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TRANSACTIONS OF THE

. y

Academy of Science

Supplement to Volume 95

94^*^ Annual Meeting
April 19-20, 2002
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
I Edwardsville, Illinois

■Y

■ ^

Illinois State

PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS

OF THE

ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

94th ANNUAL MEETING

APRIL 19-20, 2002

SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

EDWARDSVILLE, ILLINOIS

The Illinois State Academy of Science
wishes to thank the following offices
for their kind and generous support
of the 2002 annual meeting:

Office of the Chancellor
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Office of the Provost and Vice Chancellor

for Academic Affairs
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Office of the Dean, College of Arts and Sciences
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Office of the Dean, Graduate Studies and Research
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Office of Conferences and Institutes
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Department of Biological Sciences
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Environmental Science Program
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 2

ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE FELLOWS . 4

REGISTRATION INFORMATION . 5

Travel Information . 6

Parking . 6

Campus Maps . 7

Hotels/Motels . 8

Banquet & Luncheon Menus . 8

KEYNOTE ADDRESS . 10

ISAS MEETING SCHEDULE . 9

PAPER SESSIONS (MUC Conference Center Map) . 12

Agriculture . 13

Botany . 14

Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology . 20

Chemistry . 23

Computer Science . 25

Earth Science . . 26

Engineering & Technology . 26

Environmental Science . 27

Health Sciences . 30

Microbiology . 31

Science, Mathematics & Technology Education . 33

Zoology . 34

POSTER SESSION . 10&38

AUTHOR INDEX . 46

ABSTRACTS . 50

OFFICIALS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE . 101

FUTURE MEETINGS . 104

ANNUAL MEETING REGISTRATION FORM

105

ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

FELLOW

NAME YEAR SCHOOL AREA

Anderson, Roger C. 1988

Bartke, Andrzej 1998

Bjorklund, Richard G 1 984

Browning, Ronald A. 1 986

Buhse, Jr., Howard E. 2001

Changon, Stanley 1 993

Cordell, Geoffrey 1991

Dhaliwal, Amrik 1 990

Dickerson, Donald R. 1984

Duty, Robert C. 1985

Ebinger, John E. 1988

Farnsworth, Norman R. 1984

Fraunfelter, George 1991

Geer, Billy 1995

Gershbein, Leon 1 990

Goodrich, Michael A. 2000

House, James E. 1984

Kaplan, Harold M. 1984

Keating, Richard C. 1984

King, James E. 1984

Klimstra, Willard D. 1984

Lambert, Joseph 1992

Leary, Richard L. 1986

Lewis, William, M. 1984

Matten, Lawrence C. 1995

McMillan, R. Bruce 1992

Mohlenbrock, Robert H. 1984

Monoson, Herbert L. 1996

Princen, Lambertus H. 1984

Rands, David G. 1984

Reeves, John 1990

Seigler, David S. 1986

Sipiera, Paul P. 1996

Smith, Marion 1996

Styles, Bonnie W. 2000

Sundberg, Walter J. 2002

Troll, Ralph 2001

ISU

Botany

U.Kansas

Zoology

Bradley

Zoology

SIU-C

Physiology

UI-C

Cell Biology

11 State Water Survey

Geology

UI-C

Chemistry

Loyola

Biology

IL State Geol. Survey

Geology

ISU

Chemistry

EIU

Botany

UI -C Med Ctr.

Pharmacology

SIU

Geology

Knox

Biology

NW Inst Med Res

Chemistry

EIU

Zoology

ISU

Chemistry

SIU-C

Physiology

SIU-E

Botany

IL State Museum

Paleobotany

SIU-C

Zoology

Northwestern

Chemistry

IL State Museum

Geology

SIU-C

Zoology

SIU-C

Botany

IL State Museum

Anthropology

SIU-C

Botany

Bradley

Botany

USDA,N.Reg Res Lab

Chemistry

SIU-E

Chemistry

WIU

Biology

Ul - Urbana

Botany

Wm Rainey Harp

Geology

SIU-E

Botany

IL State Museum

Anthropology

SIU-C

Plant Biology

Augustana College

Biology

ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

94'** Annual Meeting

April 19-20, 2002

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Edwardsville, Illinois

REGISTRATION

Participants are urged to pre-register for the ISAS annual meeting by returning the enclosed
registration form (see form for fee schedule). The deadline for receipt of pre-registration forms is
March 28, 2002. Tickets for the ISAS Luncheon, ISAS Banquet, and SIUE Parking (and Academy
Reception if a non-member/guest) should be reserved when you pre-register. You will be able to
pick up your tickets at the registration table in the Morris University Center outside the Conference
Center on Friday, April 19, 2002.

On-site registration will be conducted on both Friday and Saturday. On-site registration fees are
significantly higher than pre-registration fees (see form for fee schedule).

Host institution (SIUE) students (who are not authors or co-authors of meeting presentations) are
invited to attend oral paper and poster sessions free of charge. Host institution (SIUE) students must
register as a "non-member guest host institution student." "Non-member guest host institution
students" may purchase tickets to the Luncheon, Reception, and Banquet - and are encouraged to do
so when pre-registering.

PLEASE NOTE that there are two new spaces on the registration form for contributions to the
Academy - one earmarked for the ISAS general fund and one earmarked for the ISAS Student Grants
Program. The ISAS Council appreciates in advance your consideration of a donation.

TRAVEL INFORMATION

Southern Illinois University Edvvardsville is located in Edwardsville, Illinois. The closest airport is
Lambert Field in St. Louis, MO.

Parking: Visitor parking is available in the visitor lot (Lot B - see map) adjacent to the Morris
University Center (building 5) for $2.00 on Friday (all day pass) April 19‘^. Please purchase this pass
on your registration form. On Saturday morning, parking in the same lot is FREE for conference
attendees. Fines at SIUE are stiff for illegal parking so please use the designated visitor's lot. The
speed limit on campus is 25 miles per hour and campus police are registered Illinois Troopers and
often issue tickets.

WWW Campus Map: Go to http://www.admis.siue.edu/tour/ and click on Printable Map tor an
online SIUE campus map. The Morris University Center is building 5, Parking Lot B (visitor
parking) is west of the building, Birger Hall (building 12) is north across campus, and the Lovejoy
Library (building 7) is directly across the quad from the Morris University Center.

Driving directions to campus from the Comfort Inn:

Take a right out of the Comfort Inn Parking lot onto IL 157. At the intersection of IL 157 and East
University Drive (red light with U-Haul Dealer on your right and SIUE lighted sign on your left),
take a left onto East University Drive. Follow East University to North University (first red light)
and make a left onto North University Drive. Follow North University Drive to the traffic circle and
the road becomes South University Drive. Make a right off South University Drive onto Circle Drive
South (another SIUE lighted sign will be in front of you in the median on University Drive). Follow
Circle Drive to the second right (second stop sign) - turn right into Parking Lot B Visitor Parking.

The Morris University Center is to your right from this parking lot - come inside and register to
receive your parking pass.

Driving directions to campus on IL 157 from the North:

At the intersection of IL 157 and East University Drive (red light with U-Haul Dealer on your left
and SIUE lighted sign ahead on your right), take a right onto East University Drive. Follow East
University to North University (first red light) and make a left onto North University Drive. Follow
North University Drive to the traffic circle and the road becomes South University Drive. Make a
right off South University Drive onto Circle Drive South (another SIUE lighted sign will be in front
of you in the median on University Drive). Follow Circle Drive to the second right (second stop

sign) - turn right into Parking Lot B Visitor Parking. The Morris University Center is to your right

from this parking lot - come inside and register to receive your parking pass.

Driving directions to campus from Interstate 270 (from Super 8 and Ramada Limited).

After exiting (Exit 9 - IL 157) from 1-270, turn north onto IL 157. At the stoplight DO NOT turn
right onto IL 157, but continue straight on South University Drive. Follow South University Drive
up the bluff and take a left across the median just past the SIUE lighted sign and Circle Drive South
(a u-tum back onto South University Drive). At the intersection with Circle Drive, turn right off
South University Drive onto Circle Drive. Follow Circle Drive to the second right (second stop sign)
- turn right into Parking Lot B Visitor Parking. The Morris University Center is to your right Ifom
this parking lot - come inside and register to receive your parking pass.

To Route 143

Route 255

Downtown

Edwardsville

ISAS Areas of Interest

B - Parking lot B

5 - Morris University Center

7 - Lovejoy Library

12 - B. Barnard Birger Hall

To 1-270

Whiteside

Road

Unwersity Center

. . r\ .

Jl J

1 !

firrmi

University
Club

mum]

I L

B o

Meridian

Ballroom

TTT

-f

FIRST FLOOR

A - Administraiive Offices
B -Union Station
C - Information Center
D -Banking Facilities
E - Bookstore
F -Opapi Lounge
G - Goshen Lounge
H - Print & Design

I -Carol Kirrunel Student Leadership
Development Center
J -Student Organization Offices
K - Student Government Office
L - Six Mile Lounge
M- Meridian Hal! - Madison Room
N - Meridian Hall - St. Clair Room
O - Big Prairie Lounge
P -Men's Room
Q - 'Women's Room
R - Elevator
S -Public Phones

Conference

Center

^ D

tSECOND FLOOR

A -University Restaurant
B - Centennial Room
C - Art Gallery
D - Office of Conference
and Institutes

E - Conference & Catering Areas
F -International Student Services
G - Student Organization Offices
H - Men’s Room
I -Womens Room
J -Alestle Newspaper
K - Elevator

GROUND FLOOR

A - Food Court
B -Dining Service Offices
C -Cougar Den
D - Piankasaw Dining Area
E -Cahokia Dining Room
F -Piasa Dining Room
G - Vending Area
H -University Hair
I -Men's Room
J -Women’s Room
K - Recreation Area
L -Elevator

Recommended Lodging

Please register for lodging early - rooms will ONLY be held until dates indicated below. Be
sure to identify yourself as an ISAS conference participant. ALL three motels have additional
rooms available on a space available basis.

Comfort Inn: IL 157 (Exit 9 off 1-270) - 2 miles to campus. 50 rooms held until April 4‘'’ - after that
on a space available basis. Rates (plus tax); $57 for 1-2 guests, $62 for 3 guests, and $67 for 4
guests. Indoor pool available - bring swim trunks. (618)656-4900

Ramada Limited: IL 1 1 1 (Exit 6a off 1-270) - 5 miles to campus. 20 rooms held until 4pm on April
I - after that on a space available basis. Rates (plus tax): $64 for up to 4 guests. (618) 797-2727

Super 8 Motel: IL 1 1 1 (Exit 6a off 1-270) - 5 miles to campus. 10 rooms held until April 17'^ - after
that on a space available basis. Rates (plus tax): $46.69 for 1 guest, $51.19 for 2 guests, and $60.19
for 3-4 guests. (618) 931-8808

LUNCHEON

The ISAS luncheon/business meeting will be held in the B. Barnard Birger Hall Conference Room
from 1 1 :45 AM to 1:15 PM. Birger Hall is located across campus from the Morris University Center
- a 10-minute walk. Parking for conference attendees is NOT available at Birger Hall - bring your
walking shoes and dress appropriately. Luncheon tickets must be purchased by pre-registration (see
fonn for fees). A small number of tickets will be available at on-site registration for a substantially
higher cost. There are ONLY 90 tickets available for the luncheon so please reserve your spot early.

Dean Kent Neely will highlight recent accomplishments of the SIDE College of Arts and
Sciences at the luncheon. In addition, Student Research Grants award winners will be
acknowledged at the luncheon.

The luncheon menu will consist of an Express Deli Buffet - sliced turkey, ham, and cheese
sandwiches, chips, pasta salad, brownie, and tea.

Those who do not plan to attend the luncheon may wish to visit the University Union Food Court
(downstairs from the Conference Center). Food is available on a per unit cost basis at this facility.

BANQUET

The ISAS banquet will take place in the Meridian Ballroom of the SIUE Morris University Center.
The banquet will be preceded by a reception in honor of the Academy Keynote Speaker (Dr. Luther
Williams), which will be held at the banquet location. Banquet tickets should be purchased by pre¬
registration. As with the luncheon, a small number of tickets will be available at on-site registration
for substantially higher cost. Purchasing your banquet ticket guarantees front row seating for the
Keynote Address.

The banquet will be a Buffet with a choice of parmesan baked chicken breast, stir fry beef and
vegetables, or fettucini alfredo (vegetarian) main dishes, accompanied by herbed rice, green beans
almondine, lemon peppered broccoli, garden green salad, Italian salad, Waldorf salad, coffee, tea,
and dessert.

POSTER SESSION

The formal poster session will be held from 3:30-5:30 PM on the 2”'' floor in the Morris University
Center adjaeent to the Conferenee Center. Presenters should plan to hang their posters up before the
first oral session in the morning. Posters arc to remain up all day - attendees are encouraged to
view posters during conferenee breaks (refreshments will be served at all breaks adjacent to the
poster viewing area) and visit with poster authors during the formal poster session.

Presenters are expected to stand by their poster from 3:30 until 5:30 PM. Judges from each
Academy Division, where applicable, will be reviewing posters at this time for award judging.

Poster easels and cardboard backing will be provided - PLEASE bring your own thumbtacks to
attach your poster to the backing (no tape permitted).

Poster size is limited to 36 inches high by 48 inches wide - no exceptions.

The afternoon break with refreshments will occur during the poster session.

KEYNOTE ADDRESS

Environmental Education in the 21*' Century

Southern Illinois University Hdwardsville and the Academy are pleased to welcome Dr. Luther
Williams as this year’s Keynote Speaker. Dr. Williams is Senior Advisor for Education at the
Missouri Botanical Garden. Before accepting the position at the Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr.
Williams was the Assistant Director for Education and Human Resources at the National Science
lu)undation. Dr. Williams will speak on the recent efforts by the Missouri Botanical Garden to make
the Garden's one of the nation's leading centers for science education. The Keynote Address will be
held in the SlUE Meridian Ballroom (in the Morris University Center), immediately following the
Academy Banquet. The address will be open to the public - doors will open to the public at 7:45 PM
after the banquet is over. Banquet attendance guarantees front row viewing of Keynote Address.

BANQUET RECEPTION

The Academy Reception will precede the Banquet and Keynote Address in the Meridian Ballroom.
Registered conference attendees will receive tickets for 2 complimentary alcoholic beverages
(wine/beer) - a cash bar will also be available during the reception and the banquet. Hors d'oeuvres
will be available during the reception. Dr. Williams will attend the reception to allow Conference
Attendees the opportunity to meet with him.

ISAS 94'" ANNUAL MEETING
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
April 19-20, 2002

SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

Friday April 19 - Morris University Center (MUC) Conference Center (building 5 on map, 2"^
floor)

7:30 AM - Registration Opens, MUC Conference Center

7:30 AM - Posters may be put up in the MUC (to remain up all day)

7:30 - 8:45 AM - ISAS Council Meeting, University Club, MUC
8:50 AM - Sessions call to order, MUC Conference Center
9:00 - 10:15 AM - First Oral Sessions, MUC Conference Center
10:15 - 10:30 AM - Morning Break (posters may be viewed)

10:30 - 11:45 AM - Second Oral Sessions, MUC Conference Center
11:45 AM - 1:15 PM - Buffet Lunch, Birger Hall
1:30 - 3:30 PM - Final Oral Sessions, MUC Conference Center
3:30 PM - Afternoon Break (will continue throughout poster session)

3:30 - 5:30 PM - Poster Session, MUC

5:30 - 6:30 PM - Reception, Meridian Ballroom, MUC (wine/beer and hors d'oeuvres)

6:30 - 7:45 PM - Banquet, Meridian Ballroom, MUC (cash bar - wine/beer)

7:45 PM - Meridian Ballroom MUC doors open to general public

8:00 - 9:30 PM - Keynote Address - Dr. Luther Williams, Meridian Ballroom, MUC

Saturday April 20 - Lovejoy Library - Abbott Auditorium (building 7 on map, basement - follow
signs)

8:00 AM - Registration Opens, outside Abbott Auditorium, Lovejoy Library
8:50 AM - Sessions call to order, Lovejoy Library - Abbott Auditorium
9:00 - 10:15 AM - First Oral Sessions, Lovejoy Library - Abbott Auditorium
10:15 - 10:30 AM - Morning Break, Lounge outside Abbott Auditorium
10:30 AM - Noon - Second Oral Sessions, Lovejoy Library - Abbott Auditorium
Noon - 94^^ ISAS Meeting Adjourned

ISAS 94‘*^ Annual Meeting Contact (2002 ISAS Vice President)

Dr. Bill Retzlaff
Environmental Science
Box 1099 SIUE
Edwardsville, IL 62026-1099
618/650-2728 (ph)

618/650-3174 (FAX)

WRETZLA/f/ siuc.edu

Environmental Science Botany

MUC

Conference Center

PAPER SESSIONS

AGRICULTURE DIVISION

Division Chair:

Mari Loehriein
Department of Agriculture
Western Illinois University
1 University Circle
Macomb, IL 61455

SESSION I - Friday, April 19 PRESIDING: Mari Loehriein

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Hackberrv Room

MUC Conference Center

9:00 AM
9:15 AM

9:30 AM

9:45 AM

OPENING REMARKS

COMMON MILKWEED PRODUCTION. W.B. Phippen,
Western Illinois University, Macomb.

STUDY OF COREOPSIS ROSEA BREEDING SYSTEM. S,
Sequeira and M.M. Loehriein, Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

GAS EXCHANGE AND YIELDS OF BT RESISTANT
MAIZE WITH EUROPEAN CORN BORER INFESTATION.
S.A. Malladv and J.M. Coons, Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston; J.A.Parrish, Millikin University, Decatur; and
K. Montgomery, Central Golden Harvest Research,
Clinton.

10:00 AM 4 EVALUATION OF TOMATO CULTIVARS FOR EARLY

BLIGHT, ALTERNARIA SOLANI. M.M. Loehriein,
Western Illinois University, Macomb.

BOTANY DIVISION

Division Chair:

Henry R. Owen

Department of Biological Sciences
Eastern Illinois University
600 Lincoln Avenue
Charleston, IL 61920

SESSION I - Friday. April 19 PRESIDING: Henry R. Owen

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Oak Room

MUC Conference Center

9:00 AM CALL TO ORDER AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

9:15 AM 5 VEGETATION OF FOREST COMMUNITIES AT THE SAND

PRAIRIE-SCRUB OAK NATURE PRESERVE, MASON
COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W.E. McClain. Illinois Dept of
Natural Resources, Springfield; S.D. Turner and J.E.
Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

9:30 AM 6 THE INTERESTING DISTRIBUTION OF EASTERN

LEATHERWOOD {DIRCA PALUSTRIS); THE
REGENERATION NICHE MEETS FOREST HISTORY.

K.E. Schulz. T. Marriage. K. Manar, C. Jones and ^
Albrecht. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville and
J.C. Zasada. North Central Forest Experiment Station,
Grand Rapids, MN.

9:45 AM 7

10:00 AM
10:15 AM 8

RESPONSE OF PRAIRIE FORBS TO WHITETAIL DEER
BROWSING. R. Anderson. D. Nelson and M. Rickey.
Illinois State University, Normal.

BREAK

SCIRPUS AND RELATED GENERA (CYPERACEAE) IN
ILLINOIS. G.C. T ucker. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston.

10:30 AM 9 ANATOMICAL TRENDS OF SPECIALIZATION IN LEAF

STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCOT FAMILY ARACEAE,
AND THEIR RELATION TO CLASSIFICATION. R.C.
Keating. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO.

10:45 AM

11:00 AM

11:15 AM

11:30 AM

1 1 :45 AM
1:15 PM

1:30 PM

1 :45 PM

2:00 PM

10 IMPACT OF CADMIUM-ZINC INTERACTIONS ON METAL
ACCUMULATION IN THE HYPERACCUMULATOR
THLASPI CAERULESCENS. N. Small and S. Ebbs.
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

1 1 THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND ZINC ON
GERMINATION OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS. M. Smith.
S. Vissa and M. Schweqel. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

12 A TEST OF FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT (FQA)

IN MEASURING NATURAL AREA QUALITY:

ASSESSING THE WETLANDS AND GRASSLANDS OF
ILLINOIS. G. Spyreas. B. Molano-Flores. C. Carroll and
J. Ellis. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.

13 THE ROLE OF INSECT FLOWER HERBIVORY IN NATIVE
AND RESTORED PRAIRIES. B. Molano-Flores amd C,
Ollier. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.

ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING

14 WHITE-TAILED DEER BROWSING ON WOODY
VEGETATION AT CEDAR GLEN NATURE PRESERVE,
HANCOCK COUNTY AND ARGYLE LAKE STATE PARK,
MCDONOUGH COUNTY. T.J. Williamson and R.V.
Gessner. Western Illinois University, Macomb, and A.K.
Moorehouse. Illinois Nature Preserves Commission,
Colchester.

15 VEGETATION PATTERNS AT DIFFERENT SCALES IN
THE SHAWNEE NATIONAL FOREST. S. Chandv. D.J.
Gibson and P.A. Robertson. Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale.

16 INSECT VISITS TO FLOWERS OF STYLISMA
PICKERINGII (CONVOLVULACEAE), AN ENDANGERED
PLANT OF ILLINOIS SAND PRAIRIES. B.L. Todd. H.R.
Owen. J.M. Coons. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston and D.W. Webb. Illinois Natural History
Survey, Champaign.

17 EFFECTS OF ZINC TOLERANCE IN THE FLOODPLAIN
SPECIES, POPULAS DELTOIDES. S. Biswas. K,
Johnson. W. Retzlaff and M.Smith. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

2:15 PM 18 THE EFFECT OF SOIL NITROGEN ON SEVERITY OF

INFECTION BY FUSARIUM SOLANI IN GLYCINE MAX.
N.L. Wentworth. J.A.D. Parrish. C.S. Toepfer. Millikin
University, Decatur.

2:30 PM BREAK

2:45 PM 19 ADAPTATION IN LONG-TERM CULTURES OF THE

BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGUS SCHIZOPHYLLUM
COMMUNE. T.A. Clark and J.B. Anderson. University
of Toronto, Canada.

3:00 PM 20 EXAMINATION OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY PRESENT

IN ILLINOIS POPULATIONS OF CALAMAGROSTIS
PORTERI SUBSP INSPERATA USING ISSR
MOLECULAR MARKERS. T. Marriage. E. Esselman and
D. Lewis. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

3:15 PM 21 REPRODUCTION AND HERBIVORY IN AGAL/N/S

AURICULATA (SCROPHULARIACEAE), A THREATENED
ILLINOIS PRAIRIE PLANT. C.R. Mulvanev. D.W.
Whitman. Illinois State University, Normal, and ^
Molano-Flores, Illinois Natural History Survey,
Champaign.

3:30 PM 22 SEED GERMINATION AND PRODUCTION OF

RE-GROWTH IN DIPSACUS LACINIATUS, CUT-LEAFED
TEASEL. A.J. Musser and J.A.D. Parrish. Millikin
University, Decatur.

POSTER SESSION -Friday, April 19 Location: MUC Conference Center
3:30-5:30 PM

POSTER #

82 EXAMINING PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN CLONAL

PLANTS WITH SAXIFRAGA STOLONIFERA
(SAXIFRAGACEAE). L. Corradin and E. Ribbens. Western
Illinois University, Macomb

83 PHAEOPHYSCIA LEANA - A LICHEN SPECIES AT THE EDGE.
R.N. Gillespie and A.S. Methven. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston.

84 IMPACT OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF PLANTS. J. Long. D. Kosma and S. Ebbs. Southern
Illinois University, Carbondale.

85 VENTRAL APPENDAGE VARIATION OF THE METZGERIIDAE

(MARCHANTIOPHYTA). A.J. Kinser. Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale.

86 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SIMPLE THALLOID
LIVERWORTS, JENSENIA LINDB. AND PALLAVICINIA GRAY
(PALLAVICINIACEAE) S. Schuette and B.Crandall-Stotler.
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

87 MODIFYING DISTANCE METHODS TO ESTIMATE
HISTORICAL TREE DENSITY FROM GOVERNMENT LAND
OFFICE SURVEY RECORDS. S.L. Sauer. R.C. Anderson. R,
Swiqart. J. Fralish and A. Carver. Illinois State University,
Normal and Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

88 CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS
SITES AND POPULATIONS THROUGH SOIL ANALYSIS AND
PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEASUREMENTS. M.A. Rickey and R.C.
Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal.

89 GALLERY OF ILLINOIS PLANTS WEBSITE. D. Busemever.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.

90 INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF FLAMMULINA. A.S. Methven
and M.E. Mort, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

91 OCCURRENCE OF VESCICULAR ARBUSCULAR
MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN SPECIES OF AEONIUM
FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS. T.L. Cervenv and A.S.

Methven. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

92 ANALYSES OF PRAIRIE RESTORATIONS AT ROCK SPRINGS
ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. J.A. Ward.
G.C. Tucker. J.E. Ebinqer and S.J. Meiners. Eastern Illinois
University, Charleston.

93 THE EFFECT OF CUTTING ON SPECIES RICHNESS AND
PERCENT COVER OF HERBACEOUS SPECIES,

CHAUTAUQUA LONG-TERM RESEARCH SITE, CARBONDALE,
ILLINOIS. B. Phillips. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

94 BASELINE FLORAL SURVEY OF THE WATERSHED NATURE
CENTER. J.A. Moe and E.J. Esselman. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

95 SEEDBANK VIABILITY IN SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII, HALL’S
BULRUSH. B. Meinardi. M. Smith and S. Amn)ann. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville.

96 INTERACTION OF PROTRACTED SUMMER FLOODING AND
SHADE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UNDERSTORY ACER
SACCHARINUM SEEDLINGS. C. Deutsch. K.E. Schulz. K.
Jamison. K. Manar and K. Kahl. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis, MO.

97 USING PALENOLOGY TO DETERMINE A CULTURE HORIZION
AT HORSEHOE LAKE IN MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. J.J.
Martin and R.Brugam. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

98 EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF POPULUS
DELTOIDES BARTR. EX MARSH, AND ITS POTENTIAL USE IN
PHYTOREMEDIATION. D. Shrestha. M. Smith. K. Johnson and
W. Retzlaff. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

99 SEED \/\GOR OF LESQUERELLA LUDOVICIANA AS
AFFECTED BY COLONY AND MATURITY. S.E. Beach. M.A.L.
Smith. J. M. Coons. University of Illinois, Urbana, and H.R.
Owen and B.L. Todd. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

SESSION II - Saturday. April 20 PRESIDING: Henry R. Owen

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Abbott Auditorium

Loveiov Library

9:15 AM 23 AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL

REQUIREMENTS OF SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII
(HALL’S BULRUSH). P. Mettler. Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale, and M. Smith. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

9:30 AM 24 VASCULAR FLORA OF THE HOOPER BRANCH

SAVANNA NATURE PRESERVE, IROQUOIS COUNTY,
ILLINOIS. L. Phillippe. D. Busemever. M. Feist. K.

Hunter. R. Larimore. P. Marcum and J. Ebinger. Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign.

9:45 AM 25

10:00 AM 26

10:15 AM
10:30 AM 27

10:45 AM 28

11:00 AM 29

EXOTIC UPLAND FOREST SUCCESSION IN SOUTHERN
ILLINOIS. W.C. Ashby. Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale.

VASCULAR FLORA OF THE IROQUOIS COUNTY
CONSERVATION AREA, IROQUOIS COUNTY, IL. L.R.
Phillippe. M.A. Feist. R. Larimore. D. Busemever. P.
Marcum. C. Carroll. K. Hunter and J. Ebinqer. Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign.

BREAK

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 27- AND 56-YEAR-OLD
ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS WITH REMNANT
PRAIRIE AT THE SAND PRAIRIE-SCRUB OAK NATURE
PRESERVE IN MASON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W.E.
McClain and T.A. Strole. Dept of Natural Resources,
Springfield, and J.E. Ebinqer. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston.

VEGETATION SURVEY OF DEAN HILLS NATURE
PRESERVE, FAYETTE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. M.A. Feist.
L.R. Phillippe. D.T. Busemever and J.E. Ebinqer. Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign.

THE VASCULAR FLORA OF GREEN WING
ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY. B. Dziadvk.
Augustana College, Rock Island.

9:45 AM 25

10:00 AM 26

10:15 AM
10:30 AM 27

10:45 AM 28

11:00 AM 29

CELL, MOLECULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY DIVISION

Division Chair:

Howard E. Buhse, Jr.

Department of Bioiogical Sciences
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, iL 60607-7060

SESSION I - Friday. April 19 PRESIDING: Howard Buhse

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Hackberrv Room

MUS Conference Center

10:30 AM 30 INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF AN

ANALOG OF PEPTIDYLGLYCINE ALPHA-AMIDATING
MONOOXYGENASE (PAM) IN PLANTS. Z.R. Walden and
M.G. Bolvard. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

10:50 AM 31 PROMOTER ANALYSIS OF AN ANIONIC PEROXIDASE

GENE IN TOBACCO. S. Nelson and N. Jacob. Knox
College, Galesburg.

11:10 AM 32 THE EXPRESSION OF INTERSECTIN mRNA AND

PROTEIN IN XENOPUS LAEVIS OOCYTES. E.M. Mandel
and J.M. Thorn. Knox College, Galesburg.

1 1 :30 AM 33 CONSTRUCTION OF AN EXPRESSION VECTOR FOR

THE FUSION OF GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN WITH
CERATO-ULMIN, A DUTCH ELM DISEASE TOXIN.
O.N.Shikapwashya and M.G. Bolvard. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

11:45 AM

ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING

1 :30 PM 34 CONSTRUCTION OF VECTORS FOR EXPRESSION OF

FIBRINOGEN USING A BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION
SYSTEM. M.A. Gitcho and M.G. Bolvard. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsviiie.

1 :50 PM 35 iNVESTiGATING THE FUNCTiON OF MOESiN IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF XENOPUS LAEVIS. K.M. Line and
J.M. Thorn. Knox College, Galesburg.

2:10 PM 36 INHIBITION OF APOPTOSIS BY PROSTAGLAND E2 AND

I2 IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. S.J. Sawyer and
F.M. Pavalko. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

2:30 PM 37 MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, OOGENESIS, AND

BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A
PARTHENOGENETIC FEATHERWING BEETLE
(Coleoptera: Ptiliidae). J.P. MacDonald. G.A. Lanarana
and L.K. Dvbas. Knox College, Galesburg.

2:50 PM 38 THE EFFECT OF P-FLUORO-L-PHENYLALANINE ON

DIFFERENTIATION IN TETRAHYMENA vorax.

M. Sharpe. M. Verma. J. Reyes and H.E. Buhse. Jr..
University of Illinois, Chicago.

3:10 PM 39 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND TELOTROCH FORMATION IN

Vorticella convallaria. S. Pvlawka and H.E. Buhse. Jr..
University of Illinois, Chicago.

3:30 PM DIVISION BUSINESS MEETING

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location: MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

100 MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES EXHIBITED IN HYDRA DUE
TO EXTRACELLULAR ATP EXPOSURE. H.R. FitzHenrv and
V.L. Burqholzer. Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy,
Aurora.

101 THE FMRFAMIDE RECEPTOR IN THE EARTHWORM CROP-
GIZZARD. K.G. Krainiak and S.D. Klohr. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

102 CATECHOLAMINE REGULATION OF THE ISOLATED
EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD. C.A. Corley and K.G. Krainiak.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

103 INOSITOL PHOSPHOGLYCANS CONTAINING MYOINOSITOL
AND CHIROINOSITOL ARE PURIFIED FROM NORMAL HUMAN
PLASMA THROUGH GEL-FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY.

D. Albracht and G. Galasko. Southern Illinois University
School of Dental Medicine, Alton, and T. Korves and P. Wanda.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

104 EXTENSIVE VARIATION AMONG LISW RETROTRANSPOSON
LINEAGES WITHIN TELEOST FISH-GENOMES CONTRADICTS
THE “MASTER” MODEL. K.A. Miller and D.D. Duvernell.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

105 USING THE ZEBRA FISH GENOME DATABASE TO EXPLORE
LISW RETROTRANSPOSON DIVERSITY IN TELEOST
GENOMES. S.M. Adams and D.D. Duvernell. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

106 COMPARITIVE RESULTS OF THE CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS OF
MEASLES VIRUS AND CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS IN
RESPECT TO APOPTOSIS. J.H. Irlam and P. Wanda. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville.

107 SEQUENCING PARTS OF THE LACTOBACILLUS
AMYLOVORUS GENOME. C.CIark and S.A. McCotnmas.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

108 V3A INDUCES MITOGENESIS IN VERO CELLS AND CHICK
EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS. T. Korves. A. Bradshaw. D.
Albracht. P. Wanda and G. Galasko. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville and Southern Illinois University
School of Dental Medicine, Alton.

109 EFFECT OF PHAGOCYTOSIS ON PROGRAMMED CELL
DEATH IN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS. M.D.
Rauser and A. Baich. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

110 GENE EXPRESSION OF CULTURED HUMAN BONE CELLS.

J. Allen. S. McCommas and B. Whitson. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

111 MOLECULAR CLONING OF A FULL-LENGTH BOVINE
EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-5A CDNA. J.K. Huang.
G.H. Huang. V.C. Sershon. J.C. McDonald. P.G. Gowda and L.
Wen. Western Illinois University, Macomb.

CHEMISTRY DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Michelle Fry

Department of Chemistry
Bradley University
Peoria, IL 61625

SESSION I - Friday. April 19 PRESIDING: Michelle Fry

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Dogwood Room

MUC Conference Center

9:00 AM 40 CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ANALYSIS OF

THIAMIN DERIVATIVES. J.A. Sutton and M. Shabanai.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsviile.

9:15 AM 41 OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION

TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYZING MTBE. G.J. Domski and
R.A. Wanke. Augustana College, Rock Island.

9:30 AM 42 TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR IN THE UNDERGRADUATE

CURRICULUM. J. Yu. J. Snyder and B. Andersh. Bradley
University, Peoria.

9:45 AM 43 TOTAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY IN THE

UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM. T. Hathwav. J,
Gimbert and B. Andersh. Bradley University, Peoria.

10:00 AM 44 CHEMISTRY CLUB ON CAMPUS AND IN THE

COMMUNITY: ACTIVITIES OF THE 2001-2002 SlUE
STUDENT AFFILIATES CHAPTER. R. Buen. J. Schaefer.
V. Ezeii. M. Shabanqi. M. Shaw and K. Johnson.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsviile.

10:15 AM BREAK

10:30 AM 45 SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 2-2’-BIPYRIDINES AS

POTENTIAL LIGANDS FOR DNA AND PHOSPHATE
RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE. R.P. Dixon. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsviile.

10:45 AM 46 CLEAVAGE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS AND

INSECTICIDES USING TRIS-BIPYRIDYL LIGAND
COMPLEXES. H. Hiltebrenner and R.P. Dixon. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville.

1 1 :00 AM 47 SYNTHESIS AND OXIDATION REACTIONS USING A

WATER-SOLUBLE HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENT.
T.K. Vinod and A.P. Thottumkara. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

1 1 :15 AM 48 NOVEL m-TERPHENYL DERIVATIVES AS BUILDING

BLOCKS FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF MOLECULAR
SOLIDS. R.S. Wright and T.K. Vinod. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

11:30 AM 49 SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF

NOVEL AMIDE BRIDGED CYCLOPHANES. T.K. Vinod
and C.C. Khine. Western Illinois University, Macomb.

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location:MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

112 CLEAVAGE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS AND
INSECTICIDES USING TRIS-BIPYRIDYL LIGAND COMPLEXES.
M. Ozkok. L. Richardson. A. Branson and R. Dixon. Southern
Illinois University, Edwadsville.

113 SYNTHESIS OF TETHERED PRIMARY AMIDE AS POTENTIAL
SITE SPECIFIC BINDING MOTIFS FOR DNA AND RNA
RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE. C.A. Bukovac. R.P.Dixon and
C. Cassidy. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

114 SYNTHESIS OF TETHERED GUANIDINIUMS AS POTENTIAL
SITE SPECIFIC BINDING MOTIFS FOR DNA AND RNA
RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE. K.L. Feitv. R. P. Dixon and S.
R. Ross. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

115 COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE
PLASMA MEMBRANE: DEVELOPMENT OF AN
UNDERGRADUATE BIOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT.

J. Passman and M.R. Fry. Bradley University, Peoria.

COMPUTER SCIENCE DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Dennis M. DeVolder
Department of Computer Science
Western Illinois University
Macomb, IL 61455

SESSION I - Friday, April 19

PRESIDING: Dennis DeVolder

TIME PAPER #

LOCATION: Redbud Room

MUC Conference Center

10:30 AM 50

10:45 AM 51

1 1 :00 AM 52

11:15 AM 53

1 1 :30 AM 54

SPEED EFFICIENT SEARCHING OF LARGE,

PERSISTENT DATA SETS. M. Litman. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATION
MINING. T. Johnsten and K. Hill. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

CURRENT STATE OF ADOBE ATMOSPHERE AS A VW
TOOL FOR EDUCATORS. L.H. Tichenor. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

BUILDING A SQL COOKBOOK. M. Maskarinee.

D. DeVolder. J. Covert and L. Dong. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

A DATABASE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GRADUATE
STUDENT RECORDS. V. Aqarwal. K. Saw and
D. DeVolder. Western Illinois University, Macomb.

EARTH SCIENCE DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Vincent P. Gutowski
Department of Geology & Geography
Eastern Illinois University
Charleston, IL 61920

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 LocationiMUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

116 SOURCES OF THE ESCUINTLA AND LA DEMOCRACIA DEBRIS
AVALANCHES, GUATEMALA. C.G. Schiek and C.A. Chesner.
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

117 MAPPING THE EFFECTS OF BENDWAY WEIR
IMPLEMENTATION, EMBARRAS RIVER, CUMBERLAND
COUNTY, IL. S.M. DiNaso. Village of Downers Grove, IL,

V.P. Gutowski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston and
D.J. Osterman. NRCS, Toledo, IL.

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

C. J. Hatziadoniu

Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Engineering and Technology
Southern Illinois University
Carbondaie, IL 62901-6603

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location :MUC Conference Center
3:30-5:30 PM

POSTER It

118 MAXIMIZING THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO OF NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) RADIO FREQUENCY (RF)
COILS IN SAMPLES OF MICROSCOPIC SIZE. M.D. Hoadlev.
Illinois Math and Science Academy, Aurora.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Kevin A. Johnson
Department of Chemistry
Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, IL 62026

SESSION I - Friday. April 19 PRESIDING: Kevin A. Johnson

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Maple Room

MUC Conference Center

9:00 AM 55 SOME VASCULAR PLANTS OF A TALL GRASS PRAIRIE

IN GRUNDY COUNTY, ILLINOIS. J.R. Rastorfer and L
Mansarav. Chicago State University, Chicago and J.B.
Rastorfer. Rich South High School, Richton Park.

9:15 AM 56 THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE MARGINAL-SITE

SELECTION FOR THE CRITICAL TRENDS ASSESSMENT
PROJECT. R. Jack and S. Gallo. Illinois Natural History
Survey, Champaign.

9:30 AM 57 REFERENCE STREAMS IN THE NORTHEASTERN

MORAINAL NATURAL DIVISION OF ILLINOIS. R.E.
DeWalt. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.

9:45 AM 58 THE RESPONSE OF MACROINVERTEBRATE

COMMUNITIES TO RIPARIAN ZONE CHANGES. R.W.
Widinski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

10:00 AM

10:15 AM
10:30 AM

10:45 AM

11:00 AM

11:15 AM

11:30 AM

11:45 AM
1:30 PM

1 :45 PM

59 SURVEY OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS
(MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA: UNIONIDEA) OF THE
EMBARRAS RIVER BASIN, ILLINOIS. N. Owens. J.
Laursen. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston and ^
Szafoni. Illinois Department of Natural Resources,
Charleston.

BREAK

60 FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN TWO ORDERS OF
SMALL MAMMALS ALONG AN URBAN-RURAL
GRADIENT. S.M. Fletcher and J. Yunger. Governors
State University, University Park.

61 THE VARIED EFFECTS OF ROADS ON SMALL MAMMAL
POPULATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE
FRANKLIN’S GROUND SQUIRREL IN ILLINOIS. M.J.
Starr, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

62 THE POTENTIAL USE OF AN ALTERNATIVE SAMPLING
METHOD FOR CONTAMINANT CHARACTERIZATION
AND SITE-SPECIFIC TOXICITY OF CONTAMINATED
SOILS. C.C. Friedel and K.A. Johnson. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

63 CADMIUM ACCUMULATION AND INTERACTION IN
INDIAN MUSTARD {BRASSICA JUNCEA). R. Sankaran
and S.D. Ebbs. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

64 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
ON THE EFFICIENCY OF VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS
IN REDUCING NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION. T.C.
Parker. T. Schmitt. J. Houpis and K.A. Johnson.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING

65 SIMULATING THE GROWTH OF LOBLOLLY PINE IN
RESPONSE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AND CO2
CONCENTRATION. C.C. Fan and W.A. Retzlaff.

Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

66 THE CLIMATOLOGY OF OZONE EXCEDDANCES IN THE
METROPOLITAN ST. LOUIS REGION. M.L. Hildebrandt.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

2:00 PM DISCUSSION

2:15 PM BUSINESS MEETING

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location:MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

119 Bt-CORN DETRITUS IMPACTS ON LARVAL CADDISFLIES
(Lepidostoma Uba Ross). R. Ahsan. C. Campbell. M.C.
Romano. M.R. Whiles, and B. Middleton. Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale.

120 A CLAY-MATION iNTERPRETATION OF ENViRONMENTAL
POLLUTION. J. Maloff and D.M. Jedlicka. Columbia College,
Chicago.

121 HARMFUL EFFECTS ON WHALES AND DOLPHINS BY ULTRA
LOW FREQUENCY WAVES. N. Czech and D.M. Jedlicka.
Columbia College, Chicago.

1 22 EFFECTS OF PRAIRIE RESTORATION METHODS ON SMALL
MAMMAL SEED PREDATION. R.M. Key. D.M. Gohde. K.A.
Lindee and M.E. Carrington. Governors State University,
University Park.

1 23 STABLE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE NITRATE
CONTAMINATION IN HORSESHOE LAKE. I. Bala. B. Vermillion
R. Bruqam and W.A. Retzlaff. Southern illinois University,
Edwardsville.

124 PHOSPHATE, BIOGENIC SILICA, AND HEAVY METAL
CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT CORES FROM HORSESHOE
LAKE, MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. B. Vermillion. I. Bala. R,
Brugam and W.A. Retzlaff. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

125 UPTAKE OF CADMIUM BY PINUS TAEDA. S. Vissa. R. B.
Bruqam. W.A. Retzlaff. K.A. Johnson. J.L.J. Houpis and R.
Sankaran. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

1 26 USING STABLE ISOTOPES TO EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS
OF A FILTER STRIP. C.L. Cole. J.L.J. Houpis. K.A. Johnson
and W.A. Retzlaff. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

HEALTH SCIENCES DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Dennis J. Kitz

Department of Biological Sciences
Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, IL 62026-1651

SESSION I - Friday. April 19 PRESIDING: Dennis Kitz

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Doavyood Room

MUC Conference Center

1:30 PM 67 THE PITUITARY-TESTICULAR AXIS IN BRATTELBORO

RATS. A.G. Amador. ReproGen, Springfield.

1 :45 PM 68 FECAL CORTICOIDS TO MEASURE CHRONIC ADRENAL

ACTIVITY IN RATS. T.K. Whitney. P.M. Klinoensmith.
Governors State University, University Park, and S.A.
Caviqelli. M.K. McClintock. University of Chicago,
Chicago.

2:00 PM 69 METHODS FOR TRANSDUCING B-GALCTOSIDASE IN

MICE USING ULTRASOUND AND ALBUMIN SHELLED
MICROSPHERES. D.J. Davidson and S.B. Feinstein.
Rush University, Chicago.

2:15 PM 70 FLUCONAZOLE ENHANCES MURINE CONTACT

SENSITIVITY. C.M. Lee, B.M. Riling. R.E. Letourneau.
D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

2:30 PM 71 FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF MEDICAL AND

SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION: UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES.
A.G. Amador. ReproGen, Springfield.

2:45 PM 72 FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF GRADUATE HEALTH

SCIENCES EDUCATION. A.G. Amador. ReproGen,
Springfield.

BUSINESS MEETING

3:00 PM

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location:MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

127 IN VITRO ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE
BY MACROLIDE DRUGS. R. Childs. D. Bush. S. Knebel. J,
Knolhoff. S. Khazaeli. D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

128 LINCOSAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE IMMUNE RESPONSE
IN MICE. C. McLaurin. S. Martinez. M. Rehkemper. S. Khazaeli.
D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

MICROBIOLOGY DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Dara Wegman-Geedey
Department of Biology
Augustana College
Rock Island, IL 61201

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location:MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

129 CAN THE INSECTICIDE, DICHLORVOS (DDVP), INDUCE
MUTATIONS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN K, COMMONLY
FOUND IN THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE TRACT? E.A. Alton and
S.A. McCommas, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

130 NODULATION OF COMMON AND ENDANGERED LEGUMES
BY SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA PRESENT IN
ILLINOIS PRAIRIE SOILS. S.B. Marousek. G. Pollard and S.L.
Daniel. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

131 MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OXALATE, GLYOXYLATE AND
GLYCOLATE IN THE HUMAN GUT. C. Brueck. M. Lehtinen. M,
Flanagan. P. Bade and S.L. Daniel. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston.

132 ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM
SOIL SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM A CATTLE PEN.

S. Nandvala. E. Delanv and K. Keudell. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

133 UTILIZATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY COLONIC
BACTERIA. C.M. Miller-Fosmore. S.M. Holt. Western Illinois
University, Macomb, and G.L. Cote. NCAUR, Peoria.

134 IMPACT OF CARBON SOURCE ON GROWTH AND OXALATE
BIOSYNTHESIS BY SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM, THE
CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT OF
SOYBEAN. J. Schweighart. T. Hatinen. N.C. Furumo and S.L.
Daniel. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

135 POTENTIAL RISKS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS. M. Gresk and J.
McGauqhev. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

1 36 FACTOR FROM KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS NRRL Y-8281
ENHANCES BIOTRANSFORMATION OF OLEIC ACID TO 7, 10-
DIHIDRYOXY-8{E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID BY PSEUDOMONAS
AERUGIONSA (WIU-JS). A.M. Kuhrts. J.K. Huang. R.V.Gessner
and K. C. Keudell. Western Illinois University, Macomb

SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION

DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

James A. McGaughey
Department of Biological Sciences
Eastern Illinois University
Charleston, IL 61920

SESSION I - Friday, April 19 PRESIDING: James McGauahev

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Hickory Room

MUC Conference Center

9:00 AM 73 FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF GRADUATE

SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION. A.G. Amador. ReproGem.
Springfield.

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location:MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

137 THE UNITS CONVERTER. Y. Chen. M. Traverso. C. Harper.
M. Quinn and A. Lyle. Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy, Aurora.

i = n6o

^ ^ m

4/W ^

ZOOLOGY DIVISION

DIVISION CHAIR:

Robert U. Fischer, Jr.

Department of Biological Sciences
Eastern Illinois University
Charleston, IL 61920

SESSION I - Friday. April 19 PRESIDING: Robert U. Fischer.Jr.

TIME PAPER # LOCATION: Hickory Room

MUC Conference Center

10:20 AM WELCOME

10:30 AM 74 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF LYMNAEIDAE

(MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA): EVOLUTION OF
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FASCIOLOIDES MAGNA
INFECTION. S. Joyce and J. Laursen. Eastern Illinois
University, Charleston.

10:45 AM 75 REGIONAL DISPERSAL OF DAPHA/M LUMHOLTZ/ IN

NORTH AMERICA INFERRED FROM ISSR GENETIC
MARKERS. G.M. Groves and C.L Pederson. Eastern
Illinois University, Charleston.

1 1 :00 AM 76 EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED BURNING ON SPIDER

ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY: YEAR II. A. Knop.
University of St. Francis, Joliet.

1 1 : 1 5 AM 77 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF HOLBROOKIA MACULA TA

ASSESSED USING mtDNA AND MORPHOMETRIC
VARIATION. R. Blaine. R. Axtell. D. Duvernell. J. Lemos
Espinal. J. Schaefer. S. McCommas. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

1 1 :45 AM ISAS LUNCHEON AND BUSINESS MEETING

1:30 PM 78 GENETIC DIVERSITY, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND

CONSERVATION OF DESMOGNATHUS MONTICOLA
(FAMILY : PLETHODONTIDAE). E.D. Casey. M. Mort and
R. Fischer. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

1:45 PM 79 COMPOSITION AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF BEAVER

COLONIES IN ILLINOIS. S. McTaaaart and T. Nelson.
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

2:00 PM 80 CYCLOMORPHOSIS OF DAPHNIA LUMHOLTZI IN

RESPONSE TO SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY IN LAKE
TAYLORVILLE. K.K. Schnake and C.L. Pederson.
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

2:15 PM 81 THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NAPHTHALENE

BIOACCUMULATION IN RANA PIPIENS. D. Giczev^ki.
and K. Maillacheruvu. Bradley University, Peoria.

2:30 PM DIVISION MEETING

POSTER SESSION -Friday. April 19 Location:MUC Conference Center
3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

138 DOES THE FEMALE PINK-SPOTTED LADYBEETLE,
COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA FUSCILABRIS (COLEOPTERA:
COCCINELLIDAE), UTILIZE A SEX PHEROMONE? J.R. Martin.
M.W. Robertson and C.S. Toepfer. Millikin University, Decatur.

139 THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE MALES DURING
MATING IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. E. Ellinqer and J.
Gumm. Millikin University, Decatur.

140 FORAGING BEHAVIOR BY TENODERA ARIDIFOLIA SINENSIS
(MANTODEA, MANTIDAE) REARED UNDER HIGH AND LOW
PREY DENSITIES. D.L. Lanckton. B.J. Becker and M.
Robertson. Millikin University, Decatur.

141 THE RICHNESS, DIVERSITY, AND ABUNDANCE OF ANURANS
AT GREEN WING ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY, AMBOY,
ILLINOIS. S.B. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island.

142 LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR CHEMICALLY MEDIATED POND
WATER DISCRIMINATION IN PAINTED TURTLES
(CHRYSEMYS PICT A). N. Smith. T. Haas. E. Woolsev and S.B.
Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island.

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

MOTHER-CUB RELATIONSHIPS IN POLAR BEARS {Ursus
maritimus): THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPRINTING. K. Eder and
D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art Institute of Chicago,
Chicago.

FORAGING PREFERENCES IN THE RING-BILLED GULL {Larus
delawarensis) WITH RESPECT TO DISTANCE AND FOOD
SIZE. E. Joanis and D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art
Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

ART STUDENTS C^ COLLECT VALID FIELD DATA, WITH A
FLARE! D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art Institute of
Chicago, Chicago.

INFLUENCE OF CYCLOMORPHOSIS IN CLADOCERAN
ZOOPLANKTON ON RELATIVE RATES OF PREDATION BY
GAMBUSIA AFFINIS. B.A. Metzke and C.L. Pederson. Eastern
Illinois University, Charleston.

THE EFFECTS OF DISTANCE TO VEGETATION ON BIRD
ABUNDANCE AT FEEDERS. D.J. Horn. M. Abdallah. M.K.
Bastian. J.R. DeMartini and R.M. Wilhelmi. Aurora University,
Aurora.

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON SEED CHOICE BY
BIRDS THAT USE FEEDERS. D.J. Horn. G.W. Bell. D.N. Helm.
S.E. Hoth. D.J. Johnson. E.V. Kingsbury. J.A. Kraft. J.M.
Leifheit. T.M. Mikalauskas. J.D. Stubis. S.R. Sully. D. L.
Swanson and R. T urks. Aurora University, Aurora.

EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON BIRD DISTRIBUTION IN AN
ILLINOIS NATURE PRESERVE. V. Hedrick and P. Brunkow.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHELL AND FOOT
MORPHOLOGY IN A FRESHWATER SNAIL. K. Weiss.

P. Brunkow and L. Bauer. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

GENETIC VARIATION FOR PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN A
FRESHWATER SNAIL. A. Manuel and P. Brunkow. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville.

THE STABILITY OF PLASA CREEK FISH ASSEMBLAGE. J.R.
Kerfoot and J.F. Schaefer. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

153 THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE ON THE FISH COMMUNITY IN
A MIDWESTERN DRAINAGE. C. Funderburq. S. Zacha and ^
Schaefer. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

154 THE USE OF BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS TO PREDICT
PRIMARY BREEDING FEMALES IN THE EUSOCIAL NAKED
MOLE RAT. S.W. Marquiis. Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield and J.L.
Youngblood. Augustana College, Rock Island.

POSTER SESSION

Friday. April 19 Location: MUC Conference Center

3:30 - 5:30 PM

POSTER #

82 EXAMINING PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN CLONAL

PLANTS WITH SAXIFRAGA STOLONIFERA
(SAXIFRAGACEAE). L. Corradin and E. Ribbens. Western
Illinois University, Macomb

83 PHAEOPHYSCIA LEANA - A LICHEN SPECIES AT THE EDGE.
R.N. Gillespie and A.S. Methven. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston.

84 IMPACT OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF PLANTS. J. Long. D. Kosma and S. Ebbs. Southern
Illinois University, Carbondale.

85 VENTRAL APPENDAGE VARIATION OF THE METZGERIIDAE

(MARCHANTIOPHYTA). A.J. Kinser, Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale.

86 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SIMPLE THALLOID
LIVERWORTS, JENSENIA LINDB. AND PALLAVICINIA GRAY
(PALLAVICINIACEAE) S. Schuette and B.Crandall-Stotler.
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

87 MODIFYING DISTANCE METHODS TO ESTIMATE
HISTORICAL TREE DENSITY FROM GOVERNMENT LAND
OFFICE SURVEY RECORDS. S.L. Sauer. R.C. Anderson. R,
Swiqait. J. Fralish and A. Carver. Illinois State University,
Normal and Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

88 CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS
SITES AND POPULATIONS THROUGH SOIL ANALYSIS AND
PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEASUREMENTS. M.A. Rickey and R.C.
Anderson. Illinois State University, Normal.

89 GALLERY OF ILLINOIS PLANTS WEBSITE. D. Busemever.
Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.

90 INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF FLAMMULINA. A.S. Methven
and M.E. Mort. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

91 OCCURRENCE OF VESCICULAR ARBUSCULAR
MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN SPECIES OF AEONIUM
FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS. T.L. Cervenv and A.S.

Methven. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

92 ANALYSES OF PRAIRIE RESTORATIONS AT ROCK SPRINGS
ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. J.A. Ward.
G.C. Tucker. J.E. Ebinqer and S.J. Meiners. Eastern Illinois
University, Charleston.

93 THE EFFECT OF CUTTING ON SPECIES RICHNESS AND
PERCENT COVER OF HERBACEOUS SPECIES,

CHAUTAUQUA LONG-TERM RESEARCH SITE, CARBONDALE,
ILLINOIS. B. Phillips. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.

94 BASELINE FLORAL SURVEY OF THE WATERSHED NATURE
CENTER. J.A. Moe and E.J. Esselman. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

95 SEEDBANK VIABILITY IN SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII, HALL’S
BULRUSH. B. Meinardi. M. Smith and S. Ammann. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville.

96 INTERACTION OF PROTRACTED SUMMER FLOODING AND
SHADE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UNDERSTORY ACER
SACCHARINUM SEEDLINGS. C. Deutsch. K.E. Schulz. K,
Jamison. K. Manar and K. Kahl. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis, MO.

97 USING PALENOLOGY TO DETERMINE A CULTURE HORIZION
AT HORSEHOE LAKE IN MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. J.J.
Martin and R.Bruqam. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

99 SEED VIGOR OF LESQUERELLA LUDOVICIANA AS
AFFECTED BY COLONY AND MATURITY. S.E. Beach. M.A.L.
Smith. J. M. Coons. University of Illinois, Urbana, and H.R.
Owen and B.L. Todd. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

100 MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES EXHIBITED IN HYDRA DUE
TO EXTRACELLULAR ATP EXPOSURE. H.R. FitzHenrv and
V.L. Burqholzer, Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy,
Aurora.

101 THE FMRFAMIDE RECEPTOR IN THE EARTHWORM CROP-
GIZZARD. K.G. Krainiak and S.D. Klohr. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsvilie.

102 CATECHOLAMINE REGULATION OF THE ISOLATED
EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD. C.A. Coriev and K.G. Krainiak.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsvilie.

103 INOSITOL PHOSPHOGLYCANS CONTAINING MYOINOSITOL
AND CHIROINOSITOL ARE PURIFIED FROM NORMAL HUMAN
PLASMA THROUGH GEL-FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY.

D. Albracht and G. Galasko. Southern Illinois University
School of Dental Medicine, Alton, and T. Korves and P. Wanda.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsvilie.

104 EXTENSIVE VARIATION AMONG LISW RETROTRANSPOSON
LINEAGES WITHIN TELEOST FISH-GENOMES CONTRADICTS
THE “MASTER” MODEL. K.A. Miller and D.D. Duvemell.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsvilie.

105 USING THE ZEBRA FISH GENOME DATABASE TO EXPLORE
LISW RETROTRANSPOSON DIVERSITY IN TELEOST
GENOMES. S.M. Adams and D.D. Duvemell. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsvilie.

106 COMPARITIVE RESULTS OF THE CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS OF
MEASLES VIRUS AND CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS IN
RESPECT TO APOPTOSIS. J.H. Irlam and P. Wanda. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsvilie.

107 SEQUENCING PARTS OF THE LACTOBACILLUS
AMYLOVORUS GENOME. C.CIark and S.A. McCommas.
Southern Illinois University, Edwardsvilie.

108 V3A INDUCES MITOGENESIS IN VERO CELLS AND CHICK
EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS. T. Korves. A. Bradshaw. D.
Albracht. P. Wanda and G. Galasko. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsvilie and Southern Illinois University
School of Dental Medicine, Alton.

109 EFFECT OF PHAGOCYTOSIS ON PROGRAMMED CELL
DEATH IN RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS. M.D.
Rauser and A. Baich. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

110 GENE EXPRESSION OF CULTURED HUMAN BONE CELLS.

J. Allen. S. McCommas and B. Whitson. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville.

111 MOLECULAR CLONING OF A FULL-LENGTH BOVINE
EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-5A CDNA. J.K. Huang.

G.H. Huang. V.C. Sershon, J.C. McDonald. P.G. Gowda and L.
Wen. Western Illinois University, Macomb.

112 CLEAVAGE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS AND
INSECTICIDES USING TRIS-BIPYRIDYL LIGAND COMPLEXES.
M. Ozkok. L. Richardson. A. Branson and R. Dixon. Southern
Illinois University, Edwadsville.

113 SYNTHESIS OF TETHERED PRIMARY AMIDE AS POTENTIAL
SITE SPECIFIC BINDING MOTIFS FOR DNA AND RNA
RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE. C.A. Bukovac. R.P. Dixon and

C. Cassidy. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

114 SYNTHESIS OF TETHERED GUANIDINIUMS AS POTENTIAL
SITE SPECIFIC BINDING MOTIFS FOR DNA AND RNA
RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE. K.L. Feitv. R. P. Dixon and S,
R. Ross. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

115 COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE
PLASMA MEMBRANE: DEVELOPMENT OF AN
UNDERGRADUATE BIOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT.

J. Passman and M.R. Fry. Bradley University, Peoria.

116 SOURCES OF THE ESCUINTLA AND LA DEMOCRACIA DEBRIS
AVALANCHES, GUATEMALA. C.G. Schiek and C.A. Chesner.
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

117 MAPPING THE EFFECTS OF BENDWAY WEIR
IMPLEMENTATION, EMBARRAS RIVER, CUMBERLAND
COUNTY, IL. S.M. DiNaso. Village of Downers Grove, IL,

V.P. Gutowski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston and

D. J. Osterman. NRCS, Toledo, IL.

118 MAXIMIZING THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO OF NUCLEAR
MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) RADIO FREQUENCY (RF)
COILS IN SAMPLES OF MICROSCOPIC SIZE. M.D. Hoadlev.
Illinois Math and Science Academy, Aurora.

119 Bt-CORN DETRITUS IMPACTS ON LARVAL CADDISFLIES
{Lepidostoma liba Ross). R. Ahsan. C. Campbell. M.C.
Romano. M.R. Whiles, and B. Middleton. Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale.

120 A CLAY-MATION INTERPRETATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION. J. Maloff and D.M. Jedlicka. Columbia College,
Chicago.

121 HARMFUL EFFECTS ON WHALES AND DOLPHINS BY ULTRA
LOW FREQUENCY WAVES. N. Czech and D.M. Jedlicka.
Columbia College, Chicago.

122 EFFECTS OF PRAIRIE RESTORATION METHODS ON SMALL
MAMMAL SEED PREDATION. R.M. Key. D.M. Gohde. K.A.
Lindee and M.E. Carrington. Governors State University,
University Park.

123 STABLE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE NITRATE
CONTAMINATION IN HORSESHOE LAKE. I. Bala. B. Vermillion
R. Brugam and W.A. Retzlaff. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

124 PHOSPHATE, BIOGENIC SILICA, AND HEAVY METAL
CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT CORES FROM HORSESHOE
LAKE, MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. B. Vermillion. 1. Bala. R,
Brugam and W.A. Retzlaff. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

125 UPTAKE OF CADMIUM BY PINUS TAEDA. S. Vissa. R. B.
Brugam. W.A. Retzlaff. K.A. Johnson. J.L.J. Houpis and R.
Sankaran. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

126 USING STABLE ISOTOPES TO EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS
OF A FILTER STRIP. C.L. Cole. J.L.J. Houpis. K.A. Johnson
and W.A. Retzlaff. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

127 IN VITRO ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE
BY MACROLIDE DRUGS. R. Childs. D. Bush. S. Knebel. J,
Knolhoff. S. Khazaeli. D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

128 LiNCOSAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE IMMUNE RESPONSE
IN MICE. C. McLaurin. S. Martinez. M. Rehkemper. S. Khazaeli,
D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

129 CAN THE INSECTICIDE, DICHLORVOS (DDVP), INDUCE
MUTATIONS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAIN K, COMMONLY
FOUND IN THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE TRACT? E.A. Alton and
S.A. McCommas. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

131 MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OXALATE, GLYOXYLATE AND
GLYCOLATE IN THE HUMAN GUT. C. Brueck. M. Lehtinen. M.
Flanagan. P. Bade and S.L. Daniel. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston.

132 ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM

SOIL SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM A CATTLE PEN.

S. Nandvala. E. Delanv and K. Keudell. Western Illinois
University, Macomb.

133 UTILIZATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY COLONIC
BACTERIA. C.M. Miller-Fosmore. S.M. Holt. Western Illinois
University, Macomb, and G.L. Cote. NCAUR, Peoria.

134 IMPACT OF CARBON SOURCE ON GROWTH AND OXALATE
BIOSYNTHESIS BY SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM, THE
CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT OF
SOYBEAN. J. Schweiqhart. T. Hatinen. N.C. Furumo and S.L.
Daniel. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

135 POTENTIAL RISKS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS. M. Gresk and ^
McGaughev. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston.

136 FACTOR FROM KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS NRRL Y-8281
ENHANCES BIOTRANSFORMATION OF OLEIC ACID TO 7, 10-
DIHIDRYOXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID BY PSEUDOMONAS
AERUGIONSA (WIU-JS). A.M. Kuhrts. J.K. Huang. R.V.Gessner
and K. C. Keudell. Western Illinois University, Macomb

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

THE UNITS CONVERTER. Y. Chen. M. Traverso. C. Harper.

M. Quinn and A. Lyle. Illinois Mathematics and Science
Academy, Aurora.

DOES THE FEMALE PINK-SPOTTED LADYBEETLE,
COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA FUSCILABRIS (COLEOPTERA:
COCCINELLIDAE), UTILIZE A SEX PHEROMONE? J.R. Martin.
M.W. Robertson and C.S. Toepfer. Millikin University, Decatur.

THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO MULTIPLE MALES DURING
MATING IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. E. Ellinaer and J,
Gumm. Millikin University, Decatur.

FORAGING BEHAVIOR BY TENODERA ARIDIFOLIA SINENSIS
(MANTODEA, MANTIDAE) REARED UNDER HIGH AND LOW
PREY DENSITIES. D.L. Lanckton. B.J. Becker and M.
Robertson. Millikin University, Decatur.

THE RICHNESS, DIVERSITY, AND ABUNDANCE OF ANURANS
AT GREEN WING ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY, AMBOY,
ILLINOIS. S.B. Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island.

LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR CHEMICALLY MEDIATED POND
WATER DISCRIMINATION IN PAINTED TURTLES
(CHRYSEMYS PICT A). N. Smith. T. Haas. E. Woolsev and S.B.
Hager. Augustana College, Rock Island.

MOTHER-CUB RELATIONSHIPS IN POLAR BEARS (Ursus
maritimus): THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPRINTING. K. Eder and
D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art Institute of Chicago,
Chicago.

FORAGING PREFERENCES IN THE RING-BILLED GULL {Larus
delawarensis) WITH RESPECT TO DISTANCE AND FOOD
SIZE. E. Joanis and D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art
Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

ART STUDENTS C^ COLLECT VALID FIELD DATA, WITH A
FLARE! D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art Institute of
Chicago, Chicago.

INFLUENCE OF CYCLOMORPHOSIS IN CLADOCERAN
ZOOPLANKTON ON RELATIVE RATES OF PREDATION BY
GAMBUSIA AFFINIS. B.A. Metzke and C.L. Pederson. Eastern
Illinois University, Charleston.

147 THE EFFECTS OF DISTANCE TO VEGETATION ON BIRD
ABUNDANCE AT FEEDERS. D.J. Horn. M. Abdallah. M.K.
Bastian. J.R. DeMartini and R.M. Wilhelmi. Aurora University,
Aurora.

148 THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON SEED CHOICE BY
BIRDS THAT USE FEEDERS. D.J. Horn. G.W. Bell. D.N. Helm.
S.E. Hoth. D.J. Johnson. E.V. Kingsbury. J.A. Kraft. J.M.
Leifheit. T.M. Mikalauskas. J.D. Stubis. S.R. Sully. D. L.
Svtfanson and R. T urks. Aurora University, Aurora.

149 EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON BIRD DISTRIBUTION IN
AN ILLINOIS NATURE PRESERVE. V. Hedrick and P.

Brunkow. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

150 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHELL AND FOOT
MORPHOLOGY IN A FRESHWATER SNAIL. K. Weiss.

P. Brunkow and L. Bauer. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

151 GENETIC VARIATION FOR PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN A
FRESHWATER SNAIL. A. Manuel and P. Brunkow. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville.

152 THE STABILITY OF PLASA CREEK FISH ASSEMBLAGE. J.R.
Kerfoot and J.F. Schaefer. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville.

153 THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE ON THE FISH COMMUNITY IN
A MIDWESTERN DRAINAGE. C. Funderburq. S. Zacha and J.
Schaefer. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.

AUTHOR INDEX

AUTHOR

ABSTRACT U

AUTHOR

ABSTRACT#

Abdallah, M.

147

Chen, Y.

137

Adams, S.M.

105

Chesner, C.A.

116

Agarwal, V.

Childs, R.

127

Ahsan, R.

119

Clark, C.

107

Albracht, D.

103,108

Clark, T.A.

Albrecht, S.

Cole, C.L.

126

Allen, J.

110

Coons, J.M.

3,16,99

Alton, E.A.

129

Corley, C.A.

102

Amador, A.G.

67,71,72,73

Corradin, L.

Ammann, S.

Cote, G.L.

133

Andersh, B.

42,43

Covert, J.

Anderson, J.B.

Crandall-Stotler, B.

Anderson, R.C.

7,87,88

Czech, N.

121

Ashby, W.C.

Axtell, R.

Daniel, S.L.

130,131,134

Davidson, D.J.

Bade, P.

131

Delany, E.

132

Baich, A.

109

DeMartini, J.R.

147

Bala, 1.

123,124

Deutsch, C.

Bastian, M.K.

147

DeVolder, D.M.

53,54

Bauer, L.

150

DeWalt, R.E.

Beach, S.E.

DiNaso, S.M.

117

Becker, B.J.

140

Dixon, R.P.

45,46,112,113,114

Bell, G.W.

148

Domski, G.J.

Biswas, S.

Dong, L.

Blaine, R.

Duvernelli, D.D.

77,104,105

Bolyard, M.G.

30,33,34

Dybas, L.K.

Bradshaw, A.

108

Dziadyk, B.

Branson, A.

112

Brueck, C.

131

Ebbs, S.D.

10,63,84

Brugam, R.B.

97,123,124,125

Ebinger, J.E.

5,24,26,27,28,92

Brunkow, P.

149,150,151

Eder, K.

143

Buen, R.

Ellinger, E.

139

Buhse,Jr.,H.E.

38,39

Ellis, J.

Bukovac, C.A.

113

Esselman, E.J.

20,94

Burgholzer, V.L.

100

Ezeji, V.

Busemeyer, D.T.

24,26,28,89

Bush, D.

127

Fan, C.C.

Feinstein, S.B.

Campbell, C.

119

Feist, M.

24,26,28

Carrington, M.E.

122

Felty, K.L.

114

Carroll, C.

12, 26

Fischer, R.

Carver, A.

FitzHenry, H.R.

100

Casey, E.D.

Flanagan, M.

131

Cassidy, C.

113

Fletcher, S.M.

Cavigelli, S.A.

Fralish, J.

Cerveny, T.L.

Friedel, C.C.

Chandy, S.

Fry, M.R.

115

Funderburg, C.

153

Kahl, K.

Furumo, N.C.

134

Keating, R.C.

Kerfoot, J.R.

152

Gaiasko, G.

103, 108

Keudell, K.

132,136

Gallo, S.

Key, R.M.

122

Gessner, R.V.

14,136

Khazaeki, S.

127, 128

Gibson, D.J.

Khine, C.C.

Giczewski, D.

Kingsbury, E.V.

148

Gillespie, R.N.

Kinser, A.J.

Gimbert, T.

Kitz, D.J.

70,127,128

Gitcho, M.A.

Klingensmith, P.M.

Gohde, D.M.

122

Kiohr, S.D.

101

Gowda, P.G.

111

Knebel, S.

127

Gresk, M.

135

Knolhoff, J.

127

Groves, G.M.

Knop, A.

Gumm, J.

139

Korves, T.

103,108

Gutowski, V.P.

117

Kosma, D.

Kraft, J.A.

148

Haas, T.

142

Krajniak, K.G.

101, 102

Hager, S.B.

141,142

Kuhrts, A.M.

136

Harper, C.

137

Hathway, T.

Lanckton, D.L.

140

Hatinen, T.

134

Langrana, G.A.

Hedrick, V.

149

Larimore, R.

24,26

Helm, D.N.

148

Laursen, J.

59,74

Hildebrandt, M.L. 66

Lee, C.M.

Hill, K.

Lehtinen, M.

131

Hiltebrenner, H.

Leifheit, J.M.

148

Hoadley, M.D.

118

Lemos Espinal, J.

Holt, S.M.

133

Letourneau, R.E.

Horn, D.J.

147, 148

Lewis, D.

Hoth, S.E.

148

Lindee, K.A.

122

Houpis, J.L.J.

64,125,126

Lipe, K.M.

Huang, G.H.

111

Litman, M.

Huang, J.K.

111,136

Loehrlein, M.M.

2,4

Hunter, K.

24,26

Long, J.

Lyle, A.

137

Irlam, J.H.

106

MacDonald, J.P.

Jack, R.

Maillachenruvu, K.

Jacob, N.

Mallady, S.A.

Jamison, K.

Maloof, J.

120

Jedlicka, D.M.

120,121,143,144,145

Manar, K.

9,96

Joanis, E.

144

Mandel, E.M.

Johnson, D.J.

148

Mansaray, 1.

Johnson, K.A.

17,44,62,64,98,125,126

Manuel, A.

151

Johnsten, T.

Marcum, P.

24,26

Jones, C.

Margulis, S.W.

154

Joyce, S.

Marousek, S.B.

130

Marriage, T.

6,20

Martin, J.J.

Martin, J.R.

138

Rastorfer, J.B.

Martinez, S.

128

Rastorfer, J.R.

Maskarinee, M.

Rauser, M.D.

109

McClain, W.E.

5,27

Rehkemper, M.

128

McClintock, M.K.

Retzlaff, W.A. 17,65,98,123,124,125,126

McCommas, S.

77,107,110,129

Reyes, J.

McDonald, J.C.

111

Ribbens, E.

McGaughey, J.

135

Richardson, L.

112

McLaurin, C.

128

Rickey, M.A.

7,88

McTaggart,

Riling, B.M.

Meinardi, B.

Robertson, M.W.

138,140

Meiners, S.J.

Robertson, P.A.

Methven, A.S.

83,90,91

Romano, M.C.

119

Mettler, P.

Ross, S.R.

114

Metzke, B.A.

146

Middleton, B.

119

Sankaren, R.

63,125

Mikalauskas, T.M.

148

Sauer, S.L.

Miller, K.A.

104

Saw, K.

Miller-Fosmore, C.M.

133

Sawyer, S.J.

Moe, J.A.

Schaefer, J.F.

44,77,152,153

Molano-Flores, B.

12,13,21

Schiek, C.G.

116

Montgomery, K.

Schmitt, T.

Moorehouse, A.K.

Schnake, K.K.

Mort, M.E.

78,90

Schuette, S.

Mulvaney, C.R.

Schulz, K.E.

6,96

Musser, A.J.

Schwegel, M.

Schweighart, J.

134

Nandyala, S.

132

Sequeira, S.

Nelson, D.

Sershon, V.C.

111

Nelson, S.

Shabangi, M.

40,44

Nelson, T.

Sharpe, M.

Shaw, M.

Ollier, C.

Shikapwashya, O.N.

Osterman, D.J.

117

Shrestha, D.

Owen, H.R.

16,99

Small, N.

Owens, N.

Smith, M.

11,17,23,95,98

Ozkok, M.

112

Smith, M.A.L.

Smith, N.

142

Parker, T.C.

Snyder, J.

Parrish, J.A.D.

3,18,22

Spyreas, G.

Passman, J.

115

Starr, M.J.

Pavalko, F.M.

Strole, T.A.

Pederson, C.L.

75,80,146

Stubis, J.D.

148

Phillippe, L.R.

24,26,28

Sully, S.R.

148

Phillips, B.

Sutton, J.A.

Phippen, W.B.

Swanson, D.L.

148

Pollard, G.

130

Swigart, R.

Pylawka, S.

Szafoni, B.

Quinn, M.

137

Thorn, J.M.

32,35

Thottumkara, A.P.

Tichenor, L.H.

Todd, B.L

16,99

Toepfer, C.S.

18,138

Traverso, M.

137

Tucker, G.C.

8,92

Turks, R.

148

Turner, S.D.

Verma, M.

Vermillion, B.

123,124

Vinod, T.K.

47,48,49

Vissa, S.

11,125

Walden, Z.R.

Wanda, P.

103,106,108

Wanke, R.A.

Ward, J.A.

Webb, D.W.

Weiss, K.

150

Wen, L.

111

Wentworth, N.L.

Whiles, M.R.

119

Whitman, D.W.

Whitney, T.K.

Whitson, B.

110

Widinski, R.W.

Wilhelmi, R.M.

147

Williamson, T.J.

Woolsey, E.

142

Wright, R.S.

Youngblood, J.L.

154

Yu, J.

Yunger, J.

Zacha, S.

153

Zasada, J.C.

ABSTRACTS

COMMON MILKWEED PRODUCTION. W.B. Phippen. Agriculture Department, Western Illinois
University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, In response to declining commodity prices and
the need for crop diversification, WIU has developed a new breeding and production research
program aimed at introducing alternative crops to the Mid-west region. One crop of particular
interest is common milkweed {Asclepias syriaca) for the production of industrial fibers, oils,
latex, and a potent nematicide. Research is focused on developing planting strategies, field
maintenance guidelines, and equipment for the harvesting, drying, and cleaning milkweed pods.
First year experiments have addressed planting methods, densities, and effects of coal dust on
plant establishment. Second year studies will address planting times, row spacing and herbicide
trials. Long-term objectives for the milkweed project will be focused on improving yields,
developing auto-fertile varieties, and developing machinery for handling the milkweed harvest.
Preliminary results have indicated that this perennial crop has tremendous potential as an alternative for
farmers looking to expand their production with minimal costs. This program is also working to generate
sufficient supplies of milkweed floss and seed for the development of value-added products.

STUDY OF COREOPSIS ROSEA BREEDING SYSTEM. S, Seoueira and M.M.
Loehrlein. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. Coraopsis rosea is an
herbaceous perennial, native to the eastern United States and belonging to the
Asteraceae family. It is a pink-flowered relative of Coreopsis, or tickseed (Coreopsis
grendiflora). Members of the Asteraceae are reported to have varying degrees of self-
incompatibility. In order to develop C. rosea as a more useful landscape plant, an
increased knowledge and understanding of seed its production is required. Therefore,
crosses were made between three different C. rosea genotypes as follows: 1 . no-
polllnation, 2. self-pollination, 3. cross-pollination with plant a, cross pollination with plant
b, and cross pollination with plant c. Ten (10) flowers were bagged prior to anthesis for
each treatment. The results indicate varying levels of compatibility between the three
plants tested, and a high level of self-incompatibility in each genotype. When open
pollinated, plants showed varying degrees of compatibility with all the other potential
pollinators growing in the same field plot.

GAS EXCHANGE AND YIELDS OF BT RESISTANT MAIZE WITH EUROPEAN CORN BORER
INFESTATION. S.A. Malladv and J.M. Coons. Eastern IL Univ. Charleston IL 61920; J.A. Parrish. Millikin
Univ. Decatur IL 62522; K. Montgomery. Central Golden Harvest Research, Clinton, IL 61727. Seed
companies have developed transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids resistant to the European corn borer
(ECB) [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)]. However, how this Bt (^Bacillus thuringiensis') gene affects other
plant processes is unknown. In 1997 and 1999, a study at Golden Harvest in Clinton, IL was focused on
how the Bt gene affects gas exchange and yields of maize with and without ECB. Bt and non-Bt maize
isogenic pairs were planted in plots with or without nets and/or insecticides to eliminate natural
infestation of ECB, and with or without manual infestation of ECB (i.e. at early whorl and at post ear
development). Photosynthesis and transpiration were not significantly different between Btand non-Bt
plants regardless of ECB infestation. In 1999 yields were not significantly different for Btand non-Bt
plants, but were significantly higher in plants with nets or insecticide compared to no nets or
insecticides. In 1997 kernel sizes were significantly different between Bt and non-Bt plants with 26.7 and
28.6 g, respectively. In 1999 kernel sizes were not significantly different between Btand non-Bt plants,
however all plants with Insecticide had significantly larger kernels (35.9 g) than those with no insecticide
(32.4 g). Thus, the Bt gene had no significant effects on gas exchange or yields regardless of ECB
infestation, but a significant effect on kernel size in 1997-

EVALUATION OF TOMATO CULTIVARS FOR EARLY BLIGHT, ALTERNARIA SOLANl.
M.M.Loehriein, Wlllinois University, Macomb, IL 61455.

Fifteen cultivars of were evaluated for Alternaria solani under field conditions. Cultivars were
evaluated when approximately 50% of the fruit were ripe, and then again 10 days later. Stem,
leaf, fruit, and whole-plant evaluations were conducted. Varying levels of tolerance to^ \ol 'ani
were observed. In whole-plant evaluations, cultivars showing the greatest tolerance to the
pathogen included ‘Mountain Fresh’ and ‘Better Boy’. Those showing the least tolerance were
‘Red Rider’ and ‘Sunsiart’. Whole-plant and leaf evaluations yielded similar results. Fruit were
not severely affected in either case, except for ‘Red Rider’, ‘Mountain Spring’, and ‘Fabulous’.
Of these three, ‘Red Rider’ was most severely affected. ‘Sunrise’ had the greatest tolerance in
stem evaluations, while ‘Red Rider’ was least tolerant.

VEGETATION OF FOREST COMMUNITIES AT THE SAND PRAIRIE- SCRUB OAK
NATURE PRESERVE, MASON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. W.E. McClain. Illinois
Department Of Natural Resources, Springfield, IL 62706; S .D .Turner
J . E , Ebjnggr , Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920.
Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak Nature Preserve, is a 590 ha preserve that
contains extensive sand prairie and sand forest communities. Black
oak dominates the forests with importance values of 148 to 196 (200
possible), and 260 to 468 stem/ha. Other overstory species included
blackjack oak, black hickory, and mockernut hickory. Many oaks were
multiple- stemmed with 2-5 stems from near the base. The ground-
layer vegetation was dominated by Eupatorium ruaosum (white
snakeroot) , Caxex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge) , Tradescanthi a
Qhiensis (smooth spiderwort) , Parthenocissus auinouefolia (Virginia
creeper) , and Rubus pensvlvanicus (Pennsylvania blackberry) . The
woody understory species were more common in areas that had not been
subjected to recent burns.

THE INTERESTING DISTRIBUTION OF EASTERN LEATHERWOOD {DIRCA PALUSTRIS). THE
REGENERATION NICHE MEETS FOREST HISTORY. Schulz'. J C. Zasadal T Marriage'. K,
Manar'. C. Jones', and ^ Albrecht'. 'Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026 and
^orth Central Forest Experiment Station, Grand Rapids, MN 55744. Leatherwood is a small (< 2.5 m), long-
lived, shade tolerant shrub of eastern NA. In western Great Lakes hardwood stands its abundance varies widely
from stand to stand. We examined the distribution of leatherwood populations and aspects of its reproduction
and growth in Acer-Tsuga stands in the Ottawa NF, Michigan. Leatherwood populations are strongly
aggregated within stands. This probably reflects proliferation around a founder rather than colonization of
canopy openings. Seed dispersal is limited by heavy seeds, a lack of dispersers, and intense seed predation by
rodents. Seedlings are clustered beneath putative parent shrubs. Flower production is higher under open
canopies, but shrub size is a far greater determinant of reproduetion. Leatherwood is less abundant and more
aggregated in unmanaged second growth maple stands. Mechanical damage and competition from sugar maple
regeneration after logging ca. 1910 seems to have redueed local population sizes. Limited dispersal ability has
prevented recruitment to depopulated stands across the landscape.

RESPONSE OF PRAIRIE FORBS TO WHITETAIL DEER BROWSING. R. Anderson. D.
Nelson, and M. Rickey, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790. We examined the response
of prairie forbs to deer browsing by counting stems of forbs in plots protected from deer browsing
and unprotected plots at Goose Lake Prairie State Park. Sampling of the plots occurred in 1992,
1993, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Using Detrended Correspondence Analysis we
ordinated plot data using the data collected each year from protected and unprotected plots as
separate samples. 'The first axis of the ordination separated the samples along a deer browsing
intensity gradient. Sample scores decreased as length of time the plots were protected from deer
browsing increased. Stem count data for species was regressed against sample scores. Species
sensitive to deer browsing had significant negative correlations, whereas species that increased as
browsing intensity increased had significant positive correlations. Forb diversity (H’) of
protected and unprotected plots changed over time. Initially, the diversity of unprotected plots
Increased but then it declined as browse sensitive species increased in abundance causing a
decline in evenness (J).

scmpus AND RELATED GENERA (CYPERACEAE) IN ILLINOIS. G.C.

Tucker. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. An important
wetland genus, Scirpus includes 25 species in Illinois. Several species are state-
listed rarities, such as S. hattorianus in northeastern Illinois and S. verecundus
in southern Illinois. Recent field and herbarium studies document several
additional taxa. The hybrid S. atrouireris x S. georgianus occurs in Effingham
County. The primarily coastal species, long known as "S. olneyi" but correctly
called Schoenoplectus americanus, was found in 2000 at a wetland in Jasper
Co. The adventive Eurasian S. mucronatus, has spread to Jasper and Shelby
cos. since first noted in Mason Co. by John Schwegman in the 1970s. Scirpus is
being divided into Schoenoplectus, Trichophorum, and Scirpus in the narrow
sense, based on spikelet morphology, vegetative features, embryology, and DNA
evidence. The upcoming Flora of North America will have 3 genera for Illinois
species included in Scirpus by Jones, Mohlenbrock, and Cronquist in recent
floras. The federally listed Hall's bulrush, is now called Schoenoplectus hallii.

ANATOMICAL TRENDS OF SPECIALIZATION IN LEAF STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCOT
FAMILY ARACEAE, AND THEIR RELATION TO CLASSIFICATION. R. C. Keating. Missouri
Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. The Araceae comprise 106 genera and
over 2000 species, arranged in 9 subfamilies. Of these, 400 species and a nearly complete'
generic sample were available for light microscopical investigations. The results were compared
with current classifications and results available from two genetic sequencing studies. Family¬
wide trends were few although many diagnostic characters were available at the generic and
subfamily level from epidermis, stomata, mesophyll, vascular bundles, laticifers, sclerenchyma,
collenchyma and raphide crystals. The best family-wide trend, previously unrecognized. Is the
transition from banded collenchyma in the early branching lines to stranded types In the most
specialized subfamily, Aroideae. Raphide crystal cells and their crystal bundles demonstrate the
most extraordinary diversity found among the flowering plants but nearly defy recognition of
pattern trends.

IMPACT OF CADMIUM-ZINC INTERACTIONS ON METAL ACCUMULATION IN THE
H^'PERACCUMULATOR THLASPI CAERULESCENS

Nathan Small and Stephen Ebbs. Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. Carbondale, IL. 62901

Heavy metals such as Cd and Zn are generall> toxic to plants, except for those that are
hyperaccumulators. Hyperaccumulators are not only tolerant to heavy metals but accumulate high
concentrations of these elements in the leaves. For example, leaf Zn and Cd concentrations in the
hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens can reach as high as 40.000 ppm and 4,000 ppm, respectively.
We have been comparing populations of Thlaspi caerulescens from different locations in Europe and
found that there are significant differences in their ability to hyperaccumulate either Cd or Zn. Since
these tvvo elements are chemical analogs and are typically found together in contaminated soils, we are
examining the impact of Cd-Zn interactions on the accumulation of these two metals using radiotracer
uptake studies. The results have implications for phvtoremediation and metal transport in plants.

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND ZINC ON GERMINATION OF BOLTONIA DECURRENS. M. Smith,
S. Vissa and M. Schwegel, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Boltonia
decurrens is a threatened floodplain species endemic to the Illinois River valley. One hundred years ago, B.
decurrens inhabited a 400 km stretch along the Illinois River from LaSalle, IL to the area of confluence with
the Mississippi River. It is hypothesized that alteration and destruction of habitat have been responsible for
the observed decline in population number and size. In the past 100 years, contamination by a variety of
heavy metals has altered the quality of the floodplain soils. A concentration gradient of heavy metal
contamination exists on the Illinois River from north to south, but “hot spots” exist all along the river in
areas where mines, smelters and ore-processing plants were located. As no previous work has examined the
effects of heavy metals on any aspect of the life history of this species, we elected to study the effects of
cadmium and zinc on germination. We hypothesized that contact with these metals may be contributing to
the threatened status of B. decurrens', therefore, we measured germination of seeds exposed to four
concentrations of cadmium (0, 2, 10 and 20ppm) and zinc (0, 400, 800 and 1600ppm). Results indicated that
germination was negatively associated with increasing concentrations of metals. It was concluded that heavy
metals in the floodplain could be a contributing factor in the decline of this and other native species.

A test of Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Measuring Natural Area Quality: Assessing the
wetlands and grasslands of Illinois. G. Sovreas, B. Molano-Flores, C. Carroll, and J. Ellis. Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL. 61820. The need for, and difficulty of, quantifying the level of
‘naturalness’ of vegetative communities embedded within our highly disturbed landscape is well
recognized. Floristic Quality Assessiment has become a popular tool for monitoring success of
restorations, identifying preservation worthy natural areas, and indicating levels of degradation for
remnant vascular plant communities within the Midwest. Few published studies rigorously validating
FQA at any scale exist. To address this concern, we analyzed aata from 205 grasslands and wetlands,
randomly selected throughout Illinois as part of the Critical Trends Assessment Program (CTAP), We
sought to address 4 questions: Does FQA accurately measure habitat degradation? Are s^res
comparable between community types? Are CC values inherently biased? How are non-native species
best incorporated into FQA? It was found that FQA was an excellent metric for measuring degradation
compared to other measures. FQA was highly negatively correlated with invasion by non-native taxa.
The data suggest that FQA is not comparable between community types, as it’s architects intended,
thereby, substantially limiting its use^ However, low sample size for most high quality communities
leaves this question unresolved. We suggest that FQA is a powerful analytical tool, while qualifying its
use.

THE ROLE OF INSECT FLOWER HERBIVORY IN NATIVE AND RESTORED PRAIRIES. B.

Molano-Flores and C. Ollier. Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Dr., ChampaignriL
61820. Restorationists are always looking for ways to measure the success of their restorations In
an ongoing study, we are investigating a plant-herbivore interaction to determine its role in the
success of prairie restorations. In particular, we are studying the presence or absence of insect
flower herbivores in the inflorescences of Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. (Apiaceae) in native versus
restored prairie. Although thought to be a conservative species, E. yuccifolium can become very
abundant in some native prairies and weedy in some restored prairies. We are investigating a
connection between this phenomenon and the lack of flower herbivores. Our main objective is to
determine if the presence or absence of these herbivores has an impact on the reproductive output
of E. yuccifolium and therefore the size of E yuccifolium populations. Preliminary data suggest
that fewer flower herbivores and damaged flower heads are found on E yuccifolium in restored
prairies than in native prairies. The data suggest that this plant-herbivore interaction has not been
achieved in the restored prairies we have studied.

WHITE-TAILED DEER BROWSING ON WOODY VEGETATION AT CEDAR GLEN NATURE
PRESERVE, HANCOCK COUNTY AND ARGYLE LAKE STATE PARK, MCDONOUGH
COUNTY. T. J. Williamson\ A. K. Moorehouse^. and R. V. Gessner\ ^Western Illinois University,
Macomb, IL 61455 and ^Illinois Nature Preserves Commission, Colchester, IL 62326. Deer
browsing at Cedar Glen Nature Preserve (CGNP) at the Alice L Kibbe Life Sciences Station,
Western Illinois University and Argyle Lake State Park (ALSP) were studied to provide baseline
data to be used to manage the nature preserve and park. Deer foraging on woody vegetation
was determined during 2000 and 2001 from 36 (50 m x 2 m) transects of 30 cm to 2.5 m high
woody vegetation. The highest browse rates were found at CGNP during 2000 (23 - 81%, 63%
mean). The lowest browse rates were at the non-hunted site at ALSP during 2001 (9 - 40%,
22% mean). Significant differences were found when site and year and site and transect were
compared. The most highly browsed plants were hackberry, black locust, greenbrier, multiflora
rose, rough leaf dogwood and coralberry. Native tree species were browsed at lower rates.
Habitat type, vegetation density, vegetation succulence, and site disturbance appear to be factors
that affect browse rates.

VEGETATION PATTERNS AT DIFFERENT SCALES IN THE SHAWNEE NATIONAL
FOREST. S.C handy. D.J. Gibson and P.A. Robertson. Southern Illinois University, Carbondalc,

11 62901-6509. The USDA Forest Serviee Research Natural Area (RNA) program has allowed the
establishment of permanent study plots in forest systems across the eastern deciduous forest.
Vegetation data from these plots provide a baseline for documenting future changes in forest
health and productivity. In southern Illinois, over 390 permanent plots have been established and
sampled in 1996-1998 from 10 RNAs encompassing over 3500 ha. In this study, we were
concerned with whether or not vegetation-environment relationships were consistent at multiple
spatial scales A landscape scale ordination based on the tree DBH from all RNAs indicates a
predominant gradient from dry, xcric Qiierciis steilata - Q mariiandica dominated plots to those
dominated by mesic species, including Liquidambar styraciflua -Plataniis occidentalis- Acer
negungo. Where individual RNAs were ordinated, 9 of 10 first axis site scores from separate
ordinations of each RNA were correlated (Spearman’s rank) with the first axis of the regional
ordination.

INSECT VISITS TO FLOWERS OF STYLISMA PICKERINGII (CONVOLVLXACEAE), AN
ENDANGERED PLANT OF ILLINOIS SAND PRAIRIES. B.L. Todd*. H.R. Owen*. J.M. Coons*’^. and
D.W. Webb^. 'Eastern Illinois University, Charleston 61920; ^University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; ^Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign 61820. Although sand prairies are limited throughout Illinois, many unique
species are found in this habitat. Dunng the summers of 1999 and 2000, three insects previously unreported in
Illinois {Heterostylum croceum, H. robustum and Neorhyncocephalus volaiicus), as well as a variety of other
insects, were observed visiting flowers of S. pickeringii. The purpose of this study was to determine which
insects visit flowers of S. pickeringii over the summer and at different times of the day. Studies were conducted
at a site in Mason Co., Illinois where 5. pickeringii is abundant. Insects visiting flowers within Im" plots for one
hour were collected starting at 12:30 pm June to August and also at 10:00 am, 12:30 and 3:00 pm in July during
peak flowering. Number of insect visits was recorded. Over 15 insect species visited S. pickeringii flowers. Apis
mellifera and H. croceum were the most frequent visitors (42 and 24%, respectively). Midday visits peaked
during July, peak flowering of S. pickeringii. A. mellifera was the most frequent visitor to S. pickeringii flowers
during midday (44%). More insects visited S. pickeringii flowers at 10:00 am (45%) than at 12:30 (25%) or 3:00
pm (30%). In summary, A. mellifera and H. croceum are the most frequent visitors to S. pickeringii flowers,
more insects visit during peak flowering and flower visitation is most abundant in the morning.

EFFECTS OF ZINC TOLERANCE IN THE FLOODPLAIN SPECIES, POPULAS DELTOIDES.
Supama Biswas, Kevin Johnson, William Retzlaff and Marian Smith, Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville, IL 62026. An increase in emissions of heavy metals from anthropogenic activities has led
to a growing concern to remediate these contaminants from the environment. Phytoremediation is an
innovative and cost-effective approach to clean up the environment. Previous studies in phytoremediation
have been successful using herbaceous species; however, woody species have a higher capacity for metal
uptake due to their greater biomass and longevity. Present research in phytoremediation is focused on
developing screening tools for identifying and selecting indigenous woody species that have high growth
rate, low maintenance, long lifespan and a high proportion of metal allocation to woody tissue. The
objective of this study is to determine the effects of zinc on key physiological characteristics (chlorophyll,
stomatal conductance, transpiration and chlorophyll fluorescence) that could be used to assess the
potential of Populus deltoides for use in future phytoremediation projects. A decrease in chlorophyll
fluorescence, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content has been found with increasing levels of zinc
treatment. Heavy metal analysis has also determined that the accumulation of zinc in all leaf, stem and
root tissues increased with increasing levels of zinc in the soil.

THE EFFECT OF SOIL NITROGEN ON SEVERITY OF INFECTION BY FUSARIUM SOLANI IN GLYCINE MAX.

N.L. Wentworth. Dr. J.A.D. Parrish. Dr. C.S. Toepfer. Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS), caused by strains of Fusarium solani, is an important disease of Glycine max. We
hypothesized that higher soil nitrogen levels would result in increased ability of plants to withstand the stress caused by SDS
infection. Two groups, SDS-inoculated and non SDS-inoculated, contained two nitrogen treatments (low and high) of 70
plants each. An additional 40 plants in each group were grown and harvested 42 days after emergence. Root and shoot
biomass allocation, root disease severity, and number of nodules were measured in the early-harvested group. Shoot
biomass, seed number, and seed weight were measured in the late-harvested group. No significant differences in root and
shoot biomass and number of nodules between SDS-inoculated and non SDS-inoculated plants or among nitrogen treatments
were found for the early-harvested group. SDS-inoculated root disease seventy was significantly higher than non-SDS
inoculated root disease severity grown in the high nitrogen treatment, but not in the low treatment. There were no differences
{P<0.05) in parameters measured for the late-harvested groups, but seed number and seed weight approached significance
between nitrogen treatments in the SDS-inoculated plants. SDS-inoculated plants at the low nitrogen treatment yielded more
seeds with a greater seed weight. We concluded that nitrogen fertilization may reduce yields of soybeans infected with
sudden death syndrome.

ADAPTATION IN LONG-TERM CULTURES OF THE BASIDIOMYCETE FUNGUS SCHIZOPHYLLUM
COMMUNE. Travis A. Clark and James B. Anderson Department of Botany, University of Toronto,
Mississauga L5L 1C6 Canada. The impact of ploidy on the rate of adaptation in an organism is an
important question in evolutionary biology. The basidiomycete dikaryon is functionally equivalent to a
diploid, but maintains the two gametic genomes in separate nuclei. Experimental populations of
Schizophyllum commune were founded to address two questions: (i) Do dikaryotic and monokaryotic
mycelia adapt to a novel environment under natural selection for increased growth? (il) Do the haploid
components of the dikaryon adapt reciprocally to one another's presence? The progenitor for all
cultures was a single dikaryotic cell. Six dikaryotic and six monokaryotic lines (three of each nuclear
type, recovered from the progenitor) were serially transferred on a minimal medium every two weeks
over a period of twenty months. The dikaryons diverged substantially in growth rates. In addition to
small incremental changes, at least two nuclear mutations causing a large increase in growth rates
were observed in two of the dikaryotic lines. No significant change in growth rate occurred in any of the
monokaryotic lines. Matings have been performed among haploids recovered from: the evolved
dikaryons. the evolved monokaryons, and the progenitor dikaryon. Evidence for co-adaptation of two
nuclei was observed in one dikaryotic line. The two nuclei that evolved together produced the most
adapted phenotype only when paired together.

EXAMINATION OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY PRESENT IN ILLINOIS POPULATIONS
OF CALAMAGROSTIS PORTER! SUBSP INSPERATA USING ISSR MOLECULAR
MARKERS. T. Marriage. E. Essclman and D. Lewis. Southern IHinois University,

Edwardsville, EL 62026. Calamagrostis porteri Gray subsp. insperata (Swallen) C. Greene is a
grass species that is listed as threatened in Illinois and called a ‘species of concern* by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. This grass species is highly clonal, rarely flowers and has low seed
set. The amount of genetic variability within and between Illinois populations of C. porteri
subsp. insperata is not known. Three ISSR primers will be used to determine the amount of
genetic variability present within and between five Illinois populations of C. porteri subsp.
insperata, and to detect the presence of somatic mutations^ Preliminary results indicate that very
little ISSR marker diversity is present within and between Illinois populations of C. porteri subsp.
insperata.

REPRODUCTION AND HERBIVORY \N AGALINIS AURICULATA (SCROPHULARIACEAE), A
THREATENED ILLINOIS PRAIRIE PLANT. C.R. Mulvanev. D.W. Whitman. Illinois State University,
Normal, IL 61790, and B. Molano-Flores. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820! We ^died
reproductive output and impact of herbivory on reproduction in two populations of the threatened lllinoU prairie
planL Agalinis auriculata, at the Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, near Wilmington, Illinois. We collected
data on flower phenology, breeding system, fiuit and seed set, pollinators, and herbivores. Agalinis auriculata is
an annual that exhibits a-hermaphroditic reproductive system._Indiyidtial,plmits |lowCT^ between one to ^o
weeks during late August to mid-September. Flower buds typically opened between 0530 and 0630 hours with
the corolla abscising between 1000 and 1200 hours. Floral visitors included both flies (Syrphidae) and.
Hymenoptera (Apidae, Colletidae, and Halictidae). Breeding system data combined with pollinator observations
fi-om both 2000 and 2001 suggests the species typically outcrosses but readily self-poUinates in the absence of an
appropriate pollen vector. Deer were the primary herbivores during the 2001 season. Crickets (GryUidae) fed on
flowers, and larvae of an unidentified moth and an unidentified Hymenopteran caused extensive damage to the
seeds. Our data is suggesting that although this species can successfully reproduce (i.e., fiuit and seed set), this
successful reproduction can be offset by the negative impact of herbivores.

SEED GERMINATION AND PRODUCTION OF RE-GROWTH IN DIPSACUS LACINIATUS, CUT-LEAFED TEASEL ^
Musser & J.A.D. Parrish. Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522.

Cut-leafed teasel, Dipsacus laciniatus is an invasive plant from Europe that has colonized roadsides and disturbed areas from
Maine to California (Lorenzi & Jeffery 1987). Teasel is commonly managed by mowing (Caylor 1998). Therefore we are
studying plant re-growth after cutting and seed germination at two teasel patches at Mascoutin Recreation Area outside of
Clinton, IL. Mowing occurs early when flowering stalks are short to prevent seed set. If teasel is mowed too early the plant
will produce additional flowering stalks (Glass 1991) so we cut plants just before flowering and observed the amount of re¬
growth and flowering heads produced. Cutting must be done before flowering because seed heads cut when partly flowering
can produce viable seeds (Solecki 1989). We cut 785 flowering stalks and found 393 of these plants produced re-growth with
84 producing flowering stalks. This is a marked reduction in flowering stalks and therefore seed production. Additionally we
are studying seed germination in heads cut at different stages of seed maturity. We cut heads in the bud, partial flowering,
completely flowering, post flowering, and mature stages. We conducted germination tests of these seeds at one and seven
months. Currently seeds have germinated from partially flowering cut heads supporting that cutting teasel after it has begun
to flower is inadvisable because of possible viable seed production even in cut heads.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF SCHOENOPLECTUS HAUJI (HALL’S
BULRUSH). P. Mcttler *' and M. Smith ^ ‘ Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University,
Carbondale, IL 62901, (618) 536-2331, pmettle@siu edu. ^Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. In the struggle to understand the decline of a species, it is imperative to
ascertain the basic biological constraints of the species related to its’ population dynamics. Schoenoplectus
hallii is a state endangered wetland species that continues to decline in number of states and populations within
its range. The purpose of our study was to gain an understanding of the habitat conditions (soil type, soil
moisture, groundwater fluctuation, vegetation patterns), monitor and mark individuals of 5. hallii to determine
life stages and survival probabilities and develop a life cycle model of 6’. hallii with data collected at a
population site in Scott County, MO. In October 1999, four, 50-m transects were established on a parallel
elevation gradient to the ephemeral pond and four, I -m2 vegetation sampling plots were randomly located on
each transect for a total of 16 plots. Groundwater wells were placed on each transect and surface to depth of
groundwater, soil moisture, and vegetation were monitored monthly. We determined that S. hallii does not
survive below 14% soil moisture, establishes in significantly lower diversity communities and may have a more
complex life cycle than previously considered. Tlie advance and retraction of groundwater appears to dictate the
distribution and survival of S. hallii.

VASCULAR FLORA OF THE HOOPER BRANCH SAVANNA NATURE PRESERVE, IROOUOIS COUNTY. ILLINOIS. L
Phillippe, D. Busemever, M. Feist. K. Hunter. R. Larimore. P. Marcum. & J. Ebinger. Illinois Natural History Survey,
Champaign, IL 61820

The vascular flora of the Hooper Branch Savanna Nature Preserve, Iroquois County, IL was studied during the 2001 growing
season. A total of 334 taxa were found: nine pteridophytes, 90 monocots, and 235 dicots. The families with the largest
number of taxa included the Poaceae (52), the Asteraceae (46), and the Cyperaceae (21, of which 13 were Carex). An
overstory and groundlayer analysis of five mature second growth dry sand savanna sites and one mature second growth sand
flatwoods was also undertaken. In the five dry sand savanna sites, tree density averaged 157 stems/ha, with an average
basal area of 1 1 m^/ha. In the overstory, Quercus velutina Lam. ranked first with an average importance value (IV) of 178.8
(out of 200). Associated species included 0. alba L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., 0. palustris Muenchh.. In the ground layer,
Carex pensylvanica Lam. ranked first with an IV of 62.8. Associated species included 0. velutina, Schizachyrium scoparium
(Michaux) Nash, and Cassia fasciculate/nictitans, all with IV’s of >10. In the sand flatwoods, tree density averaged 302
stems/ha, with an average basal area of 25.7 m^/ha. In the overstory, pin oak ranked first with an IV of 188.6. Associated
species included Nyssa sylvatica Marsh, and 0. alba. In the ground layer, Carex haydenii Dewey ranked first with an IV of
50.8. Associated species included Q. palustris seedlings and Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) Beauv, with IV’s >25.

EXOTIC UPLAND FOREST SUCCESSION IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS. W, Clark Ashby.

Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 . Typical succession 40 years ago on abandoned
commonly eroded old fields in southern Illinois was broomsedge to sassafras-persimmon to mixed
hardwoods. Exotic species widespread then and now were tall fescue and multiflora rose on abandoned
pastures and Japanese honeysuckle associated with developing shrubby vegetation. Kudzu and sericea
lespedeza could be found. Autumn olive by the I970s-80s spread widely into pastures and early
successional woodlands. Similarly to planted pines it filled an empty niche in forest succession. The on¬
going impact of these exotic invaders has varied. Closed tall fescue has been remarkably persistent and
kudzu has overwhelmed further local areas. Japanese honeysuckle will persist chiefly as a ground layer and
multiflora rose and autumn olive gradually disappear with developing shade during the pioneer tree stage of
forest succession. Early tree stands are now being invaded by bush honeysuckle and garlic mustard.

Differences in secondary forests developed on fields abandoned in the 1960s and 70s from those abandoned
in the 1930s and 40s can be associated among others with changes in native plant potential for dispersal, in
animal populations especially deer, and in climate . A short-term role of many exotics is already apparent.

An unknown long-term impact on succession of exotics now coming in under shade may be much greater.

VASCULAR FLORA OF THE IROQUOIS COUNTY CONSERVATION AREA, IROQUOIS COUNTY, IL
L R. Phillippe. M.A. Feist. R. Larimorc. D. Busemever, P, Marcum. C. Carroll. K. Huater. and J.Ebmgsr, Illinois
Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820. The vascular flora of the Iroquois Co. Conservation Area was studied
during the 2001 growing season. A total of 553 taxa were found: 15 fern and fern-allies, one gymnosperm, 153 mon¬
ocots, and 384 dicots. Nine of the species are listed as threatened or endangered by the Illinois endangered species
protection board (lESPB). The families with the largest number of taxa were the Asteraceae with 78 taxa, the Poa-
ceae with 66, and the Cyperaceae with 48, of which 26 were of the genus Carex. A survey of the ground layer vege¬
tation was conducted on four community types. In a Grade C sedge meadow Carex haydenii Dwey and Carex stricta
Lam. (taken together) ranked first with an importance value (I.V.) of 1 13.4 (out of 200). The most important taxa in a
Grade B shrub .sand prairie (I.V. >10) were two shrubs. Spiraea tomentosa L. and Rubus hispidus L., two sedges, C
haydenii and C. stricta, one grass, Schizachyrium scoparium Michx., and three forbs, Potentilla simplex Michx.,
Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Salisb., and Liatris aspera Michx. The most important taxa in a Grade B wet-mesic sand
priairie were two shrubs, R. hispidus and Rubus setosus Bigel, one sedge, Carex sp., two grasses, Sorghastrum nutans
(L.) Nash and S. scoparium, and three forbs, E. graminifolia, P. simplex, and Solidago canadensis L. The most
important taxa in a Grade B dry sand prairie were two shrubs, R. hispidus and Vaccinium angustifolium Ait., one
sedge, Carex pensylvanica Lam., two grasses, S. scoparium and S. nutans, and one forb. Aster simplex Willd.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 27- AND 56-YEAR-OLD ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL
FIELDS WITH REMNANT PRAIRIE AT THE SAND PRAIRIE-SCRUB OAK NATURE
PRESERVE IN MASON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. William E. McClain and Todd A. Strole. Department
of Natural Resources, Springfield, IL 62701, and John E. Ebinger. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston,

IL 61920. The Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak Nature Preserve is a 590 ha site in Mason County that contains
remnant prairie, sand savanna and forest, and large abandoned agricultural fields. Since being acquired by
the State of Illinois in 1969, the entire site has been managed by prescribed burning, but no planting of any
plant materials has occurred. In order to develop management guidelines for the site, the herbaceous
vegetation of the 27- and 56-year-old fields was compared to remnant prairie to determine differences in
species composition and community structure. Although native sand prairie ta.\a characterized all vegetation
types, the old fields were characterized by Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood, while remnant prairie was
characterized by Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash., Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers., Dicanthelium
oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould., znd Ambrosia psilostachya DC.. Despite fire management and the passage of
several decades, the vascular plant species composition of abandoned fields differs greatly from remnant
prairie, suggesting that their species diversity could be enhanced by the seeding of native sand prairie species.

VEGETATIONAL SURVEY OF DEAN HILLS NATURE PRESERVE, FAYETTE COUNTY,
ILLINOIS. M.A. Feist. L.R. Phillippe. D.T. Busemever. and J.E. Ebinaer. Illinois Natural History
Survey, Champaign, IL 61820. A study of the vascular flora of Dean Hills Nature Preserve was
undertaken in order to document the composition and structure of the vegetation. This information
will be useful for the future management of the site. This nature preserve occurs on a glacial kame
and has a rugged ridge and ravine topography. Seven community types occur within the preserve:
mature good quality mesic and dry-mesic upland forest, mesic and wet-mesic floodplain forest,
seep, eroding bluff, and successional field. A total of 313 species in 85 families and 204 genera
were collected within the 30-hectare preserve. One Illinois threatened species, Carex prasina
Wahl., was found. Quantitative sampling of the woody vegetation was carried out within the mesic
and dry-mesic upland forest communities. Analysis of this data suggests that without disturbance,
the shade intolerant species (i.e., the oaks) may not successfully regenerate and the shade
tolerant species (i.e., sugar maple) will increase in dominance. Management, including prescribed
burning, is recommended for the site.

TBB VASCCriJlJl FLORA OF ORXSN WING XWTJUXOMlirrAL LADGRATORT.

RohdAn Dzifidvk. Au^uecana Collega, Rock Island, IL 61201. Oreen
wing Environinencal Laboratory, a biological station of Auguetana
Collego, ia located in Lee County, north-central Illinois. The
170 hectare field station is a mosaic of upland and lowland
biotic coimnunitles . Previous use of the property have resulted in
abandoned agricultural fields, a prairie restoration. Introduced
pine groves amd a small pond. Relatively undisturbed communities
consist of black and bur oak forast, willow and cottonwood
tracts, sedge meadows, and small pot-holes and streams. The
current estimate of Che vascular flora includes a total of 432
species in 89 families including 14 species of pteridophytes in
six families, six species of gyitvnoepermo in three families and
412 species of flowering plants in 80 families. The lai-gest
families are the Asteraceae (57 species), Pooceae (48 spp) ,
Cyperaceae (25 spp) , Rosaccae (21 spp) , and Lamiaceac (20 spp) .

INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF AN ANALOG OF PEPTIDYLGLYCINE ALPHA-
AMIDATING MONOOXYGENASE (PAM) IN PLANTS. Z, R. Walden and M. G. Bolvard. Southern Illinois
University, Edwards ville, IL 62026. It is known that there are a number of mammalian peptide hormones whose
biological activity is dependent on the a - ^Lmidation of glycine extended precursors. This amidation reaction is
performed by the enzyme Peptidylglycine Alpha - amidating Monooxygenase (PAM). There has been little
data to support the possibility of a - amidation in plants until a tripeptide, pyroGlu-Tyr-Pro amide, very similar
to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH), was isolated from alfalfa. TRH is also amidated and requires this
modification for its biological activity. Knowing this, our goal is to investigate the possibility of an analog of
PAM existing in plants. RT-PCR was performed on total RNA from a variety of plants, including alfalfa, using
degenerate primers based on conserved regions of the PAM gene. The cDNA obtained was cloned in E. coli and
subjected to colony lift hybridization using a PAM probe. Putative positive colonies were identified and their
plasmids harvested for DNA sequencing. The sequencing information may reveal the existence of conserved
motifs of the PAM gene. Another approach to this investigation is to isolate alfalfa enzymes and test for PAM
activity in the extracts. We also plan to analyze the enzymes by SDS-PAGE, followed by Western blot analysis,
probing the filters with antibodies to PAM. It is hoped that the findings from these analyses will enable further
research into the functioning of the PAM analogs in plants.

PROMOTER ANALYSIS OF AN ANIONIC PEROXIDASE GENE IN TOBACCO. Scott
Nelson and Dr. Nitva Jacob. Department of Biology, Knox College, Galesburg, IL
61401.

Tobacco (Nicotians tabacum) contains two functional anionic peroxidase genes, Spod
and Tpod, each from a different ancestor. Past studies have shown that these two
genes are differentially regulated although their coding sequences are highly
homologous. Regulatory elements found In the promoter region of Spod have been
already characterized. In this on-going study, a PCR-based cloning method Is being
used to obtain a genomic clone for Tpod. The 3’ portion of the gene possesing 3 exans
and 2 introns has recently been cloned, and a 5 KB PCR product has been obtained that
is likely to contain the Tpod promoter. The sequences of these products will be scanned
for known regulatory elements. Promoter sequence and promoter deletion analysis of
Tpod will be compared to that of Spod to understand the differences in their regulation
of expression and their evolutionary significance.

THE EXPRESSION OF INTERSECTIN mRNA AND PROTEIN IN XENOPUS LAEVIS
OOCYTES. E.M. Mandcl and J.M. Thom. Knox College, Galesburg, IL 61401 . Caused by the
inheritance of all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 2 1 , Down Syndrome is one of the most
common chromosomal disorders, and while it affects roughly 0. 1 3% of the population, the
causative gene(s) has yet to be determined. However, a recently identified protein termed
intersectin, among other genes, is suspect. The gene coding for intersectin is located on human
chromosome 2 1 and homologues are found in Drosophila^ rodents, Xenopus and C. elegans. It
has been characterized as having 2 Ell domains, 5 SH 3 domains and an a helix region and plays
an important role in both endocytosis and cell signaling. In this study, the expression of the
intersectin mRNA and protein were examined in the oocytes Xenopus laevis using northern
and western blotting techniques. It was found that intersectin mRNA and protein are both present
in Xenopus oocytes. The mRNA was found in transcripts of 9.3 kb, 5.7 kb and 3.1 kb and the
protein was found in isoforms of 165 kD and 236 kD.

CONSTRUCTION OF AN EXPRESSION VECTOR FOR THE FUSION OF GREEN
FLUORESCENT PROTEIN WITH CERATO-ULMIN, A DUTCH ELM DISEASE TOXIN.
O.N. Shikapwashya and M.G. Bolyard. Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Cerato-ulmin
(CU) is a fungal toxin produced by Ophiostoma ulmi, the pathogen that causes Dutch elm disease
(DED) in elm trees. The destructive properties of DED have been unmatched by any single plant
pathogen in history. Within 46 years of the first confirmed diagnosis, DED caused a 56% loss in
the American elm population. Efforts to control DED have had a limited effect. Understanding
molecular interactions between Ophiostoma ulmi (O. ulmi) and elm tissue provides researchers
with a better understanding for genetic manipulations that could promote DED resistance in elm
trees. Current research indicates that CU plays a substantial role in disease transmission and may
have the same pathotoxic effects independent of the intact O. ulmi pathogen. This research
focuses on producing a GFP-CU fusion protein that will be used to determine the role that CU
plays in DED pathogenesis. The advantage associated with producing recombinant CU is that its
toxic effects can be observed in the absence of other DED toxins. Understanding the

pathogenicity of CU can help researchers find methods of limiting or eliminating the effects of
DED on elm trees.

CONSTRUCTION OF VECTORS FOR EXPRESSION OF FIBRINOGEN USING A
BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION SYSTEM. M A. Gitcho and M.G. Bolvard. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Fibrinogen is a heterodimer that contains two copies each of
the alpha, beta, and gamma chains linked by 29 disulfide bonds. The purpose of our research is to
construct two vectors, one containing a, p, and y chains and the other containing a, p, and y’
chains. Construction will be completed through the addition of the P chain by cuttmg the existing
vectors with a unique endonuclease and inserting a linker through blunt-end ligation. This allows
insertion of modified p chains within the completed pBacay and pBacay’ vectors. Orientation of
each chain will be verified through the polymerase chain reaction. These vectors will be
expressed in the Baculovirus Expression System by co-transfection with Autographa califomica
nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sfi) insect cells. Our purpose is to develop
a quick, efficient, and productive system for producing biologically active fibrinogen. The
production of recombinant fibrinogen will later be used to obtain a clear picture of how
structure/fimction relationships are affected by variation of individual chains.

INVESTIGATING THE FUNCTION OF MOESIN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF XENOPUS
LAEVIS. Kelsea M. Lipe and Judith M. Thom. Knox College, Galesburg, IL, 61401 . The cortical actin
cytoskeleton lies directly beneath the inner surface of the cell’s plasma membrane. Composed of actin
filaments and actin binding proteins, it is an important part of each cell’s structure and function, and
figures prominently in signal transduction process by relaying signals from the surface to the interior of
the cell. These processes modulate numerous cellular changes, ranging from modifications of the
cytoskeleton structure to cell migration and adhesion. To determine the molecular mechanisms and
events associated with cortical changes in early development, we have examined mocsin, a

member of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of the actin binding proteins. Mocsin is distributed
in actin-rich cell surfaces linking the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. The ERM proteins
are thought to exhibit functional redundancy in most vertebrates, making it difficult to isolate the
specific function of moesin. Fortunately, moesin has been cloned and characterized from Xenopus
laevis and is the only ERM protein expressed (Thom et al, 1999). Thus, Xenopus provides an ideal
model for investigating moesin’s role in early embryogencsis. We have begun investigating the role of
moesin in Xenopus laevis using an antisense approach to deplete protein levels (Hcasrnan et a!,, 2000).

INHIBITION OF APOPTOSIS BY PROSTAGLAND Ej AND h IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.
S.J. Sawyer and F.M. Pavalko. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Endothelial cells
have a dual function; they act as a barrier between the blood vessel lumen and also regulate vascular tone.
Fluid shear stress induces release of prostaglandins known to regulate vascular tone. Tumor necrosis
factor a(TNF a) is known to disrupt endothelial barrier function and we show that TNF a caused an~
increased release oLboth prostaglandin E2 and I2 (PGE2 and PGI2) from human umbilical vein endothelial
cells (HUVEC). TNF a also caused a 2-fold increase in cell death by apoptosis in HUVEC when
compared to control cells. The addition of either 10 pM PGE2 or 10 pM PGI2 along with TNF a returned
levels of apoptosis to that of the control cells. These results suggest in addition to the role that
prostaglandins have in regulating vascular tone, they also have a role in maintaining barrier function.

MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, OOGENESIS, AND BEHAVIORAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PARTHENOGENETIC FEATHERWING BEETLE (Coleoptera:
Ptiliidae). J P. MacDonald, G A. Langrana, and L K. Dybas. Dqjartment of Biology, Knox
College, Galesburg, IL 61401. Featherwing beetles, measuring only 0.5-L2mm, are the smallest
and possibly least known of all beetles. The majority of featherwing beetles reproduce sexually;
however, many species reproduce parthenogentically, supporting the hypothesis that these beetles
have reached the evolutionary limit in size. In this study, a wingless and eyeless, parthenogenetic
species has been kept in culture and its life cycle from egg to adult has been followed. The
spermatheca, or sperm storage organ is visible in all specimens although its position, fixed in
biparental species, is quite variable in this species suggesting that this species evolved from
biparental ancestors. Morphological features of the stages of the life cycle were documented using
a Scanning Electron Microscope. Behavioral characteristics were captured using a Wild dissecting
microscope equipped with a video camera. The stages of oogenesis and early development were
followed in lum thick sections through plastic embedded specimens.

THE EFFECT OF P-FLUORO-L-PHENYLALANFNE ON DIFFERENTIATION IN
TETRAHYMENA vorax. M. Sharpe. M. Verma, J. Reyes, and H. E. Buhse. Jr. University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, II 60607. In the presence of stomatin, a transforming principle
released by a potential prey, saprozoically feeding Tetrcihymena vorax microstomal cells
transform into the potentially carnivorous macrostomal cell types. Large cell populations are
induced to differentiate synchronously within 5-6 hrs. Macrostomal differentiation occurs by
the process of oral replacement (OR) in which the smaller microstomal oral apparatus is resorbed
and replaced by one of larger dimensions. Following completion of OR, formation of the
cytopharyngcal pouch, a large prey receptacle, occurs. When a prey organism is captured, the
pouch seals off from the cytostome forming a food vacuole where digestion occurs. In the
presence of 2 mM p-fluoro-L-phcnylalaninc (p-fpa), stomatin-induced differentiation is
prevented, p-fpa is an analog of the amino acid phenylalanine and is believed to block protein
synthesis by preventing correct protein folding. Simultaneous addition of 21 mM phenylalanine
to pfpa-trcatcd cells reverses the inhibition.

Protein Synthesis and Telotroch formation in Vorticella convallaria. S. Pvlawka and H. E.
Buhse, Jr., University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, II. Vorticella convallaria is a polymorphic
sessile peritrich ciliate. The two predominant forms are the feeding trophont form that is
attached to the substrate by a long contractile stalk and the motile non-feeding telotroch form
propelled by a wreath of aboral cilia. Synchronous transformation from the trophont to the
telotroch can be achieved by activating a phospholipase C signalling system. This
transformation can be blocked by addition of cycloheximide (5 mg/ml). Following removal of
the drug, transformation resumes at the same or at an accelerated rate. Cycloheximide prevents
some early stages of transformation and the later stage of stalk elongation following telotroch
attachment. This concentration of cycloheximide also reduces incorporation of ^^S-methionine
into acid precipitates presumed to be proteins and is correlated with inhibition of transformation.
At least two proteins resolved on ID SDSPAGE of approximately 25 and 45 kDa are expressed
in transforming cells but not in attached cells.

CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS ANALYSIS OF THIAMIN DERIVATIVES
J. A. Sutton and M. Shab^gi. Southeni lilinois University, Edwaixlsville, IL 62026

Vitamins, such as thiamin, are essential to aid the oonnal hinctioning of our bodies. They help to
regulate metabolism, aid in the conversion of fiUs and carbohydrates into energy, and assist in the
formation of bone and tissue. Currently the most common means of determining thiamin
derivatives involves the use of HPLC. Separation analysis of free thiamin, tfaiamin
monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate was performed using capillary electrophoresis as an
aheraative technique to HPLC. The average migration times of 2.1, 3.7, and 4.S minutes were
obtained for free thiamin, thiamin monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate respectivoly. A
detection limit was determined to be 0.07 mM with a sensitivity of 20,S23 peak arca'mM~^ The
method was validated by quantifying the amount of free thiamin in a vitamin B supplement pill.
The concentration of thiamin in the pill was found experimentally to be 17.46 tuM in lOOmL of
borax buffor solution as compared to the actual value of 17.6 mM. Capillary electrophoresis
proves to be a superior separation technique for the analysis of thiamin derivatives compared to
HPLC.

Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques for Analyzing MTBE. G.J. Domski and
R.A. Wanke. Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201. MTBE (methyl t-butyl ether) is a gasoline
additive designed to reduce smog and help meet the clean air standards proposed by the 1990 Clean Air
Act. MTBE has arisen to become one of the highest volume industrial chemicals produced. Recently,
however, MTBE has come under attack as a water pollutant. Solid-Phase microcxtraction is new
analytical chemistry technique for conveniently sampling and concentrating pollutants, such as MTBE,
for analysis by CC or CC/MS. In order to utilize solid-phase microcxtraction, proper instrument
conditions were outlined and the sample equilibration time, analysis precision and linearity were defined.
The addition of salt to the sample matrix has been shown to increase MTBE extraction and the resulting
detection. To improve extraction efficiency, ammonium chloride was tried instead of the old standby,
sodium chloride. Ammonium chloride did not offer the anticipated improvement and only proved to be
25% as effective as sodium chloride at enhancing detection of MTBE. Future work centers on
understanding the key parameters contributing to the salting-out effect and investigating other more
highly charged salts, such as, aluminum chloride.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM. Jose Yu. Jeff
Snyder, and Brad Andersh. Department of Chemistry, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625.
Unfortunately, most published synthetic experiments for undergraduate laboratories use
spectroscopy only to confirm product identity. Although this is a valuable skill, students also need
to develop "Qual Organic" skills. Toward this goal, we are developing synthetic experiments that
emphasize the use of 2-D NMR for identifying unexpected products. One such experiment deals
with slight variations to a known procedure for the preparation of 2-propenyloxybenzaIdehyde.

The variations lead to different products, which were identified by correlation spectroscopy (COSY)
as well as 1-H NMR, IR, and MS. In addition to serving as a challenging spectral problem, this
experiment shows students the importance of writing detailed experimental procedures.

TOTAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM.
Tim Hathway. Tim Gimbert. and Brad Andersh. Department of Chemistry, Bradley University,
Peoria, IL 61625. The total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) pulse sequence excites all coupled
protons (spins) simultaneously leading to a 2-D NMR spectrum that shows correlation
(resonances) for all coupled protons within an entire spin set. TOCSY is commonly used for
determining peptide structure because each amino acid in a peptide is an isolated spin set.
Therefore, analysis of the TOCSY spectrum provides a more straightforward assignment of each
amino acid than does correlation spectroscopy (COSY). Despite the fact that TOCSY is covered in
most undergraduate biochemistry textbooks, few laboratory experiments have been disseminated in
this area. Results for a set of experiments that we are developing for the undergraduate
biochemistry laboratory will be presented.

CHEMISTRY CLUB ON CAMPUS AND IN THE COMMUNITY: ACTIVITIES OF THE 2001-2002 SIUE
STUDENT AFFILIATES CHAPTER. Ritamarie Bucn. John Schaefer. Vivian Ezcii. Masangu Shabangi. Mike Shaw,
and Kevin Johnson. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026

The SIUE Student Affiliates had an exciting year of service, professional, and social activities. These include tours to a
Crime Laboratoiy', Sigma Chemicals and Washington University's Human Genome project in St. Louis. In addition, the
Chcm Club celebrated the National Chemistry Week, sponsored departmental parties, assisted with Regional Science
Olympiad and Regional Science Fair, and participated at the ACS Meeting in Chicago, IL. Club members designed and
silk-screened Club t-shirts for members, faculty and staff. Fund-raising projects for this year included a SIUE bake and
book sale. Chemistry laboratory notebook sales, t-shirt sales, and monetary awards from the SIUE Student Senate to co¬
sponsor the visit of Dr. William R. Hcincman (Probst Lecture). Finally we aided in the organization and setup for the
annual St. Louis Undergraduate Research Symposium sponsored by the St. Louis Section. This up-coming year the Club
will continue working with our neighboring Chemistry Clubs at St. Louis University, Principia College and tlic University
of Missouri St. Louis.

SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED l-l’-BIPYRIDINES AS POTENTIAL LIGANDS FOR DNA
AND PHOSPHATE RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE. Robert P. Dixon. SIU EdwardaviUe.

Edwardsville, IL 62026-1652. Thij talk will discuss; 1. A unique approach to selectively binding and oxidatively
cleaving phosphate and phosphonate pollutants/toxins using substituted 2-2'-bipyridinc3 ligands. 2. A potential new
method to probe the sequence and stniciure of DNA and RNA by Jiynthesi/ing substituted 2-2'-bipyiidinci ligands
with functionalities sinular to protein-DNA interactions seen in nature.

CLEAVAGE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS AND INSECTICIDES USING TRlS^
BIPYRIDYL LIGAND COMPLEXES.

Heather Hillebrenner. Dr. Robert P. Dixon. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL
62026-1652

This presentation describes a method to photo-cleave chemical warfare agents and
insecticides using bipyridyl metal complexes. The complexes have the potential to
selectively bind and then oxidatively cleave these compounds. Selective removal of
these pollutants and toxins from mixtures of compounds is due to the ability of these
receptors to photo-cleave specific functionalities.

SYNTHESIS AND OXIDATION REACTIONS USING A WATER-SOLUBLE
HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENT.

Thottumkara K. Vinod* and Arun P. Thottumkara. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL
61455.

Selective oxidation of
allylic and benzylic alcohols to the
corresponding aldehydes have been
observed with 1, a water-soluble
derivative of o-iodoxybenzoic acid.

The synthesis of 1 and the
mechanism of oxidation of allylic and benzylic alcohols involving a single electron transfer
(SET) step will be discussed.

HO, ^0

o’ ■

fY‘-0 -

55-60°C. 2-3h

C/"

■ W

HO2C 0

1 Wator-tolubl*

Wator-tnsolubla

NOVEL m-TERPHENYL DERIVATIVES AS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF
MOLECULAR SOLIDS.

Ryan S. Wright* and Thottumkara K. Vinod.

Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University,

Macomb, IL 61455

The supramolecular assembly of organic and
inorganic molecules into functional solids with tunable
properties, for example, pores (voids) of defined size,
shape have attracted the attention of chemists and
material scientists lately. The synthesis of m-terphenyl
based tectons (building blocks) 1 and 2 required for
the construction of nanoporous molecular solids will
be discussed.

SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF NOVEL AMIDE BRIDGED
CYCLOPHANES. Thottumkara K. Vinod and Cho-Cho Rhine*. Western Illinois University,
Macomb, IL 61455.

The synthesis and conformational aspects of cyclophane 1 with amide bridges will be
discussed. The presence of hydrophilic amide bridges and the ammonium moiety render
cyclophane 1 water-
soluble, allowing us to
investigate the

conformational behavior
of 1 in aqueous as well as
non-aqueous polar media.

The folded conformation,
lA is expected to prevail in aqueous and other hydrophilic media to derive the maximum
favorable aromatic-aromatic as well as 7i-cation interactions.

SPEED EFnCIENT SEARCHING OF LARGE, PERSISTENT DATA SETS. Mike Litman.
Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. A hash-based search that requires the data to be
sorted in a specific manner. The search environment is done in a sparse array of Strings, and it
can be adapted to any data- type or object as long as some means of comparison exists. The
maximum and minimum number of comparisons for each search (after sort is complete) is
ideally, exactly one. This algorithm would be suitable for a large data-set where there is a desire
to make exact matches. Results will show that on specific datasets, in specific applications the
search is more efficient than other searches of both similar and dissimilar type, and that the
performance benefits may outweigh the additional resource consumption.

SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATION MINING. Tom Johnsten and Kevin Hill.
Western Illinois University, Macomb. EL 61455. Association mining algorithms can be used to
discover sensitive knowledge from non-protected data that are voluntarily released for mining
purposes. To address this issue, we have developed a risk assessment procedure designed to
eliminate the security and privacy threats presented by association mining. The proposed
assessment procedure is based upon a new data analysis process that we call Knowledge Hiding
in Databases (KHD) that is analogous to Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). The goal of
KHD, in contrast to KDD, is the non-trivial hiding of potentially sensitive knowledge in data. The
proposed assessment procedure has been implemented as part of the Association Mining Risk
Assessment Tool (AMR AT).

CURRENT STATE OF ADOBE ATMOSPHERE AS A VW TOOL FOR EDUCATORS. LH.
Tichenor. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. The idea of a virtual room as a
teaching tool has intrigued learning professionals for a number of years. A meeting place for
distant learning or a reservoir for course resources are only two of the many possibilities
proposed for these environments. Adobe Atmosphere is a new product under beta release
which attempts to fill the role of an all-in-one tool for modeling, publishing, and running a virtual
world. The current release, although functional, is far from able to perform many of the tasks
required at a level needed to create interesting worlds. Unfortunately, too, the complexity
associated with generating animation^ and other non trivial attributes of a virtual environment
will put this tool beyond the capabilities^of many faculty members.

BUILDING A SQL COOKBOOK. M. Maskarinec. D. De Voider. 1 Covert. L. Dong, Western Illinois
University, Macomb, IL, 61520. This project is to develop a tool by which learners anywhere in the world
could learn and become proficient in SQL. SQL (or Structured Query Language) is the primary language
used to manipulate data in relational databases; while standards exist, each software manufacturer has its
own "idiosyncrasies” which must be made known to the learner. This presentation discusses our plan for
implementation: we plan to first develop a text-based module to present the information to the lesimer, and
then augment this with exercises with predefined answers; finally we plan to implement a full SQL parser to
help the learner understand their mistakes and provide help with common errors. We also plan to be able to
track a learner's progress and suggest exercises based on their progress.

A DATABASE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GRADUATE STUDENT
RECORDS. V. Agarwal. K. Saw, and D. DeVolder. Wesrem Illinois University,
Macomb, IL 61455. While perfectly adequate for long-term storage, the paper- based
record- keeping system for tracking graduate students in Computer Science is
cumbenome at best for daily use. This daubase project provides quick and easy access
from virtually anywhere to information that is needed on a daily basis, while the paper
file continues to serve as long-term storage of the full student record. Along with design
and implementauon detaUs, we discuss security issues regarding access to the
information kept and access to outside information that would enhance the functionality
of the system.

SOME VASCULAR PLANTS OF A TALL GRASS PRAIRIE IN GRUNDY COUNTY,
ILLINOIS. James R. Rastorfer (a), Judith B. Rastorfer (b), and Isatu Mansarav.(a). (a) Chicago
State University, Chicago, IL 60628, (b) Rich South High School, Richton Park, IL 60471. Long
term observations were made of the responses of Polytrichum commune (Bryophyta) subsequent
to burns at the Goose Lake Prairie Natural Area, Grundy County, Illinois. In addition to
observing the moss in a selected stand, over two hundred seventy five voucher specimens were
collected to document the composition of flowering plants in the stand and its vicinity. About one
hundred species were identified from the collection. Furthermore, voucher specimens of several
species confirmed their occurrence in Grundy County.

The Good, the Bad, and the Marginal-Site Selection for The Critical Trends Assessment Project.

R. Jack and S. Gallo. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820. The Critical Trends Assessment
Project’s professional monitoring team has surveyed for birds, plants, and insects in 140 Forest, 139 Wetland, and
128 Grassland townships in Illinois from 1997-2001. The sites are chosen using randomly ranked township maps of
the State with each habitat type having its own type of land cover information. The township maps are used in the
order they are randomly ranked. Within each township map, the target habitat type meeting the baseline requirements
is randomly numbered. When selecting a site to survey, the lowest numbered site that fits our minimum habitat
requirements and that we gain permission for is used. Our goal is to survey a site in 30 townships for each habitat
each year for a 5-year total of 150. From 1997-2001 we threw out 15.3% of selected Forest townships, 40.2% of
selected Wetland townships, and 5.2% of selected Grassland townships. These townships did not possess suitable
sites of the target habitat to survey. Additionally, in order to attain suitable sites to survey within the townships that
were used, we threw out 1 10 Forest sites, 154 Wetland sites, and 852 Grassland sites. Reasons to throw out sites
include: habitat destruction, failure to meet minimum requirements, denial of access by landowners, or limited access.
These data show that the amount of ecologically functional forests, wetlands, and grasslands are likely much less than
has been calculated. In particular, our data show problems with the lack of discrimination by the land cover
information for grasslands, as it does not differentiate between mowed roadsides, CRP grasslands, yards, prairies, etc.

RTFERENCE STREAMS IN THE NORTHEASTERN MORAINAL NATURAL DIVISION OF
ILLLINOIS. R. E PcW^lt. Illinois Natural History Survey. 607 E. Pcalxxly Dr., Cliampaign IL 61820.
Ab.scncc ol rcicrcncc stream data prevents the placing of impaired sites into the context of best regional
biotic ix)tential Recently, ten “least-impacted” stream reaches were identified and characterized within
the Northeastern Morainal Natural Division of Illinois. Using Illinois CriUciU Trends As.sessment
Program ((71 AP) stream protocols, significant differences were found Ixjtween regioiud reference and
raiulom .stream reaches for cumulative Ephemeroptera (maylly), Plecoptera (stonelly). and frichoptera
(caddislly) ta.xa richne.ss (EPf richne.ss) and habitat (juality a.s.se.ssment .scores. Additionally, it apj)eared
that di.stance Irom urbaniziition .seemed to decrea.se 1 lil.senhoff Hiotic Index (I IHI) values, an index of
organic (H)llu(ion. Additionally, tlie I IHI .score decrea.scd with .stream .size, while EPI' richne.ss increa.sed
with stream size, riic.se correlations sugge.sted that conditions were liest in larger reference streams, 'fliis
study demonstrates that reference quality .streams exi.st in the Northeastern Morainal Division and are
capable of providing a regional context for (71' A P stream monitoring

THE RESPONSE OF MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES TO RIPARIAN ZONE CHANGES.

R.W. Widinski, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Aquatic fragmentation in stream ecosystems
occurs when a change in the surrounding landscape causes a lack of connectivity between upstream and
downstream populations or sites, which renders some in-stream habitats unsuitable for a diversity of aquatic
organisms. These changes in prevailing riparian vegetation can also be expected to bring about changes in the
abiotic and biotic nature of the aquatic system. Abiotic changes, such as increased sedimentation and water
temperature, and decreased dissolved oxygen content and habitat heterogeneity, may influence the success of
individual species, as well as, the richness and composition of the biotic community as a whole. One such
community that may be affected by stream habitat fragmentation is the benthic invertebrate assemblage. These
communities are comprised of integrating populations whose structure and function reflect the underlying abiotic
and biotic conditions of stream ecosystems. The fact that benthic invertebrates can provide valuable information
about the abiotic and biotic components of a stream system has led to their use as indicator species of
environmental perturbations and for determining overall lentic habitat quality. By investigating the community
metrics of benthic invertebrates one can make assumptions as to the overall “health” of a stream or even an entire
riverine system. Therefore, in this study, I determined 1) the relationship between habitat fragmentation and biotic
integrity (metrics) in a riverine system and 2) the amount of connectivity needed to maintain a diverse river basin.

SURVEY OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSELS (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVlA: UNIOMDEA) OF THE
EMBARRAS RIVER BASIN, ILLINOIS.^ NICK OWENS'. BOB $ZAFONl\ and JEFF LAURSLN'. Eastern
Illinois University, Charleston IL 61920, ‘Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Charleston IE 61920.
Throughout Illinois history, our aquatic habitats have supported a ver\ diverse, and rich mussel fauna. The last
major surve\ done on the Embarras River basin occurred in 1986-198" and because of land use change and its
potential impact on aquatic systems there is a need to resurve>. The objectives of this survey are to determine the
present distribution and status of the freshwater mussels of the Embarras River in Illinois, and to compare the
present fauna with that of the past. Thirty-four mussel species were collected from 33 sites in the Embarras River
drainage, one of which {Alasniicionta viridis, slippershellj is newly reported for the drainage. The 2001 data,
combined with the historical collections, brings the total number of mussel species documented from the
Embarras River drainage to 45, eleven of which are currentK listed as threatened or endangered by the state of
Illinois. Of the 34 species collected in 200 1.21 were found alive and 1 3 were represented by shells onl> . The top
five species in order of abundance were pimpleback {Oiiudriila piistiih^'^Li). round pigtoe [Pleiiroheniu sintoxia).
Deertoe {Trimcilla inincillu), plain pocketbook (Litmpsilts curdium). and pistolgrip {Triiogonin verrucosa).
Together the\ comprised 52*30 of the living mussels collected.

FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN TWO ORDERS OF SMALL MAMMALS ALONG AN URBAN-
RURAL GRADIENT. S.M. Fletcher and J.Yunger, Governors State University, University Park, IL 60466.
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been used to measure the environmental stress on species stability during
embryonic development. This study used nine bilateral morphological metrics on the cranial and mandibular
skeletal material from two orders of small mammals, Insectivora (Blarina brevicauda) and Rodentia
(Peromyscus leucopus). Seventy sites were sampled along an urban-rural gradient of Chicago, Illinois, during
the fall of 1998 and 1999. Sites were divided into four categories, Urban, Suburban, Agricultural, and Rural,
with each site characterized by 12 environmental measures of anthropogenic disturbance. Morphometries were
analyzed for significant differences in FA among the regions and correlated to the 12 variables. Significant FA
in P. leucopus was found in the region with the greatest degree of anthropogenic disturbance, the urban region.
Two measures for B. brevicauda were found to be marginally significant with the region furthest from the urban
center exhibiting the smallest degree of FA. For P. leucopus and B. brevicauda there was a strong correlation
between FA and patch isolation. These results support the exploration of individual morphological
measurements as indicators of environmental stress, and specifics the relative impacts of multiple
anthropogenic stressors in the environment.

THE VARIED EFFECTS OF ROADS ON SMALL MAMMAL POPULATIONS AND THE
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FRANKLIN’S GROUND SQUIRREL IN ILLINOIS. M.J. Starr. Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, 62026.

Roads have been shown to create significant barriers to dispersal for many small mammals, especially if the
edges are regularly mowed. In addition to such habitat fragmentation, roads also create zones of high mortality
for small and large species alike. However, other studies suggest that at least a few species may actually
prefer road edges for dispersal or for their home range, especially during lean years. The Franklin’s Ground
Squirrel {Spermophilus Jranklinii) is an example of the latter type, preferring the sloping sides of raised
roadway berms for their burrows, if there is dense plant cover on the slope. Such berms make up the bulk of
suitable FGS habitat remaining in Illinois due to the previous large-scale conversion of prairies into
agricultural land. Though such conversion has diminished during the last 20 years, FGS populations are still
declining, in part due to habitat alteration along these rights-of-way. Therefore, appropriate management
techniques such as reduced mowing and herbicide use, must be implemented along road edges if the Franklin’s
Ground Squirrel is to remain viable in Illinois.

THE POTENTIAL USE OF AN ALTERNATIVE SAMPLING METHOD FOR CONTAMINANT
CHARACTERIZATION AND SITE-SPECIFIC TOXICITY OF CONTAMINATED SOILS. C C. Friedel and
K A. Johnson. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Organochlorinated (OC) insecticides have
been banned in the U.S. for many years, however, they still pose a threat to humans and wildlife. As a result,
understanding contaminant behavior in the terrestrial environment is extremely important. The primar>' objectives
of our studies are to determine if an altcmative/passive sampling device (PSD) can be used as a biological
surrogate to determine the potential bioavailability of OCs at contaminated sites. Previous studies have showTi that
the devices can be used to accurately estimate soil chemical concentrations. Time and cost savings associated with
PSDs allow for a high sampling frequency, providing a more thorough site characterization than traditional
methods. We hope to extend the sampling technique to help evaluate contaminant bioavailability. To achieve this,
we have evaluated changes in dieldrin (our model OC) toxicity and passive sampler uptake over time. To measure
toxicity, standardized 14-day toxicity tests w'ere conducted with earthworms. To monitor bioavailability, standard
batch desorption techniques and PSD extractions were performed Each study was conducted at multiple time
points to evaluate the effects of contaminant aging on each measure of bioavailability. At each time point (days 0,
90, and 800), we have seen decreased toxicity as well as decreased contaminant uptake in the PSDs. This indicates
that PSDs may, in fact, prove usefiil in determining both contaminant distributions and their bioavailability.

CADMIUM ACCUMULATION AND INTERACTION IN INDIAN MUSTARD
{BRASSICA JUNCEA).

IL Sankaran and S.D. Ebbs. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901.

Global industrialization has accelerated the release of heavy metals into the soil, water and
atmosphere. These contaminants can enter the food chain and have toxic effects on plants and
animals, disrupting natural ecosystems. Indian mustard {Drassicu junccci) is an important
commercial tood and oil crop platit species known to accumulate cadmium and other toxic
metals. We have observed significant interactions between cadmium and copper in this species.
Since cadmium and zinc frequently occur together in soils, a significant interaction between these
metals is likely as well. I he current objective of our study is to examine the accumulation of
cadmium in vegetative tissue and seeds as a function of cadmium concentration, time, and
interaction with zinc. 1 leav) metal interactions with cadmium have significant repercussions for
phyloremediation, human and wildlife exposure to heavy metals, and the utilization of
contaminated soils.

The Effectiveness of Management Practices on the Efflciency of Vegetative Filter Strips in Reducing Non¬
point Source Pollution. Parker. Tully C.: Schmitt. Tyler: Houpis.J.: and Johnson. K. A. Southern Illinois
University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, EL 62026. Non-point source pollution was recognized as a significant threat

to our nation’s surface and subsurface water resources in the middle 1980’s. The Clean Water Act Amendments of

\ •

1987 directed states to assess their waters, determine which were adversely affected by non-point source pollution,
and develop and implement measures to effectively manage non-point source pollution. Vegetative filter strips
(VFS) have enjoyed broad acceptance as best management practices because they are comparatively inexpensive
instruments of pollution control. However, our recent research has indicated a decline in VFS effectiveness over
time. Previous research on a thirteen-year-old VFS indicated that while this strip was effective in reducing total
suspended solids (TSS), it was ineffective for reducing nitrate in run-off (it actually behaved as a source). We decided
that the VFS, which had previously not been managed in the thirteen years of use, should in fact be managed. Two
years after the strip was burned and harvested we repeated Our original study. Water was pumped through a settling
basin and over the strip. Prior to monitoring. Fluorescein was added to the leading edge of the strip to monitor
water flow over the plot. Samples were collected at several time points at varying distances along four transects.
Again we saw a decrease in TSS with distance. However, the nitrate levels were mixed, and could not be explained
usmg the water flow pattern over the strip. A second sampling event of the VFS revealed further inconsistencies.

SIMULATING THE GROWTH OF LOBLOLLY PINE IN RESPONSE TO ELEVATED
TEMERATURE AND CO2 CONCENmRATION. C.C. Fan and W.A. Retzlafif. Southern lUinois
University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Using the TREGRO model, I simulated the response of
individual trees of different genotypes of loblolly pine {Pinus taeda L.) exposed to two climatic
conditions: increased concentrations of atmosphere CO2 and increased temperature. Simulations were
conducted for each loblolly pine genotype for each of two scenarios of CO2 increase and temperature
change, including a baseline scenario of current climate data. I began the simulations (at tree age 4) with
present-day climate conditions and extended the simulation to age 6 and identified the key assumptions
leading to differences in simulated responses to climate change scenarios. The parameter and
meteorological data necessary for the proposed climate change simulation exercise came from
experimental data previously collected from loblolly pine trees of different genotypes growing at a field
site in Scotland County, NC. Increased CO2 concentration and temperature altered stem biomass, carbon
allocation, and growth rate of different genotypes of loblolly pine. Results presented from this study
represent the first simulation of different genotypes of individual loblolly pine tree response to future
climate change.

THE CLIMATOLOGY OF OZONE EXCEEDANCES IN THE METROPOLITAN ST. LOUIS
REGION. Mark L. Hildebrandt. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, 62026-1459. The
climatological conditions associated with lower atmospheric ozone exceedances in
metropolitan St. Louis are an ongoing concern. Analyses of the climatological conditions
associated with surface ozone exceedances on 42 days from 1992-2001 were performed. The
results suggest that high ozone days occurred most frequently when the dally maximum
temperature (Tmax) was greater than 90°F: relative humidity values reached as low as 45%;
dew points were greater than 69°F: surface wind speed remained below 7 miles per hour; wind
direction was variable; and a dome of high pressure dominated the central United States on a
synoptic scale. The results of this study may aid efforts to improve ozone forecasts as further
urban growth in the St. Louis area may potentially lead to higher pollution levels that are
detrimental to the inhabitants of this area.

THE PITUITARY-TESTICULAR AXIS IN BRATTELBORO RATS. A.G. Amador. ReproGen,
Springfield. IL 62704.

Pituitary and testicular endocrine status was determined in arginine vasopressin-deficient Brattelboro rats
{di/di), in heterozygote (Di/di) animals, and in normal controls {Di/Di). Pituitary lutropin (LH) and prolactin
(PRL) levels were obtained using liquid-phase radioimmunoassays (RlAs), whereas testicular progesterone (P4),
hydroxyprogesterone (OHP) and testosterone (T) levels were determined by solid-phase RIAs. TJie presence of
a di allele was associated with reduced pituitary levels of LH and PRL. This was also associated with reduced
testicular weight and reduced testicular P4, OHP and T levels. However, homozygote di/di rats had even lower
testicular OHP and T levels than heterozygote animals. Ratio analysis revealed that Di/di rats had increased
efficiency of both the P450cl7 and the n^-OHSD enzymes. This resulted in a partial compensation of the
observed hypogonadism in Di/di rats. In di/di rats, only the efficiency of 17P-OHSD was increased. This
apparently was insufficient to produce any compensation of the hypogonadism affecting these animals.

FECAL CORTICOIDS TO MEASURE CHRONIC ADRENAL ACTIVITY IN RATS. 'T.K. Whitnev.

^S.A. CavmcHi. 'P.M. Klingensmith. and ^M.K. McClintock. 'Governors Slate University, University Park, IL
60466, ‘University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Chronic activation of the adrenal glands inhibits immune,
reproductive, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and metabolic function. Repeated blood sampling is prohibitive in
small animals and can significantly alter the chronic glucocorticoid response. To understand the deleterious
effects of chronic glucocorticoid elevation, repeated sampling using a non-invasive measure is required. This
measure must: 1 ) be sensitive to changes in adrenal activity, 2) not affect the physiological stress response, and 3)
allow for frequent long-term sampling of the same individual. We tested a measure that meets these criteria.

Fecal corticoids were assayed in socially stable and socially disrupted male rats at 3-hour intervals over 4 days.
The circulating glucocorticoid circadian rhythm was replicated in the feces of socially stable animals with a mean
peak of 435 ng/g and a mean nadir of 137 ng/g. Socially disrupted animals had acute fecal corticoid elevations
following movement to novel housing and exposure to novel group mates, and daily peak and nadir levels were
chronically elevated for three days. These elevated levels began to return to those found in socially stable animals
on the fourth day. This non-invasive method detects acute and chronic adrenal changes and allows for frequent
continuous sampling from the same individual, providing a useful method to evaluate the health risks associated
with chronic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation.

METHODS FOR TRANSDUCING B-GALCTOSIDASE IN MICE USING ULTRASOUND AND
ALBUMIN SHELLED MICROSPHERES. D. J. Davidson and S. B. Feinstein. Rush University.
Chicago, IL 606 1 2. BACKGROUND-The efforts to transduce genes in vivo have been aid^ by
the use of ultrasound energy and ultrasound contrast agents. This experiment has combined
ultrasound energy with microsphere technology to enhance transduction of naked DNA.
METHODS/MATERIALS: An experimental design was developed where four sets of mice were
injected under varying conditions. RESULTS- At this time, effective gene transduction has not
been achieved because no beta-galactosidase activity has been observed in the ceils.
CONCLUSIONS- (I) It is feasible to inject the tail vein with DNA and microspheres while
simultaneously performing ultrasound imaging. (2) At the current ultrasound settings, DNA
dose, and time-Iinc, no transduction was observed following these IV injections. DISCUSSION-
It is difficult to transduce genes intravenously because the DNAses in the blood digest the DNA
very quickly. To combat this problem microspheres and ultrasound energy were combined to
disrupt the cell membranes to permit DNA to enter the cells before it is digested. No beta-
galactosidasc activity was observed because even a short time in contact with a DNAse is enough
to disrupt the genetic code.

FLUCONAZOLE ENHANCES MURINE CONTACT SENSITIVITY. C.M. Lee. B.M. Riling.
R.E. Letoumeau, D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026-1651. •
Antimicrobial antibiotics have been shown to have many effects on the host including their
immune response. We have investigated the ability of the antifungal triazole fluconazole Pfizer
to influence murine contact sensitivity to the chemical antigen dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)
Sigma. Fluconazole was given intraperitoneally to mice simultaneously with DNFB sensitization
on their shaved abdomens on day 0 and day 1 of the assay. On day 13 ear thickness
measurements were made on the mice and their right ear painted with DNFB; subsequent ear
thickness measurements were made at 24 hour intervals thru 96 hours. Optimal fluconazole
dosages and time frame for drug administration relative to DNFB sensitization also were
determined for maximum contact sensitivity response. Fluconazole alone had no effect on
contact sensitivity. How fluconazole effects contact sensitivity is not known, but may involve
enhanced antigen processing and presentation by macrophages or effects on T cell populations.
Therefore therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole may be due to enhancement of host immune
response in addition to the drugs direct antifungal activity.

FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION:
UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES. A.G. Amador. ReproGen, Springfield, IL 62704.

When the Spaniards arrived in Mexico in the 16^^ century, they brought with them a relatively modem medicine
and an established medical education, both inherited from the Moors. In Mesoamerica they found very
advanced medicine and sciences. After the collapse of the Nahuatl civilization, the Spaniards founded the Real
y Pontificia Universidad de Mexico (now the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; UNAM) in 1551.
Two years later, the oldest medical school in the Americas was founded. Since then the Faculty of Medicine has
played an important role in both medical and scientific education. In 1638, a course in Astrology and
Mathematics was created. As a consequence Astronomy and Mathematics became independent disciplines. The
great interest of the professors in curative plants resulted in the establishment of Biology as a separate field at
the UNAM. The Faculty of Medicine is now the largest school in the world, with 5,8(X) undergraduate students.
About 5,000 professors teach at 43 hospitals and on the 9 sq. mi. main campus. The UNAM also has schools of
dentistry, veterinary, sciences, nursing, and chemistry, as well as three other professional science schools.

FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF GRADUATE HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION. A.G.
Amador. ReproGen, Springfield, IL 62704.

In the 16‘^ century, when the Spaniards arrived in Mesoamerica, they found a very advanced medicine, which
included many specialties, such as Internal Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, etc. After the collapse of the Nahuatl
civilization, the Spaniards founded several hospitals dedicated to specific disorders. Dentistry was originally
taught at the School of Medicine. In 1926, specialty training started in an informal manner. In 1942, the first
residency program was started. In I960, the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico (UNAM) took over control of postgraduate medical education. It is the largest graduate school in the
world with 6,950 graduate students. Around 5,000 professors teach at 77 hospitals and on campus. The Faculty
offers 44 specialties, 31 fellowships, 12 M.Sc. programs, a M. Med. Sc. program, a Ph.D. program, and a
D.Med.Sc. program. The Faculty of Dentistry, the Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, and three other
Faculties offer in the health sciences a total of 3 diplomate programs, 22 specialties, 29 M.Sc programs, a
M.Dent.Sc. program, 22 Ph.D. programs, and a D.Dent.Sc. program.

FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY YEARS OF GRADUATE SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION. A.G. Amador.
ReproGen, Springfield, IL 62704.

Science and engineering were very advanced in Mesoamerica before the arrival of the Spaniards. Extensive
knowledge was available in Astronomy, Mathematics, Biology, Pharmacy and Engineering. With the Spanish
conquest, all of the educational institutions were closed. Currently, the major institution for scientific education
in Mexico is the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). With an overall student population of
almost 270,000, the UNAM is the largest university system in the world. In 1783, the Real Seminario de
Mineria is chartered, and later evolves into Faculty of Engineering. In 1911, The National School of High
Studies was created to teach natural sciences. It would eventually become the Faculty of Sciences. In 1916, the
National School of Industrial Chemistry is founded. It would later become the Faculty of Chemistry. The
Faculties of Sciences, of Engineering, of Chemistry and three other Faculties, as well as two National Schools
for Professional Studies offer among themselves a total of 1 diplomate, 8 specialties, 35 M.Sc. programs, and
23 Ph.D. programs. Investigators from 16 of the research institutes of the UNAM also support these activities.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF LYMNAEIDAE (MOLLUSCA; GASTROPODA): EVOLUTION OF
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FASCIOLOIDES AiAGNA INFECTION. Sarah Joyce and Jeff Laursen, Eastern Illinois
University, Charleston, IL 61920. Lymnaeidae are a group of primarily aquatic, pulmonate snails that are
cosmopolitan in distribution, occurring in a variety of ecological habitats. Previous classifications of this group
have relied primarily upon shell morphology, reproductive morphology, and radula teeth formulas, along with
some emphasis on ecology. However, morphologic characters can exhibit high plasticity in the presence of
different environmental conditions, which has resulted in disagreement among available taxonomic keys. We
hypothesize that a phylogeny based on molecular data from the ITS region of nrDNA will accurately reflect
evolutionary relationships, and will serve as a framework to test the validity of existing taxa. Also, this
phylogeny will allow us to test the evolution of susceptibility to parasitic infection. Several species of lymnaeid
snails serve as intermediate hosts for Fascioloides tnagna^i\\Q deer liver fluke. Susceptibility to F. magna may
be shared among closely related snails, and thus be a valid character for phylogenetic studies, or may have
evolved multiple times throughout the family.

REGIONAL DISPERSAL OF DAPHNIA LUMHOLTZI IN NORTH AMERICA INFERRED FROM
ISSR GENETIC \L4RKERS. G. M. Groves and C. L. Pederson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL
61920. Daphnia lumholtzi (.African Waterflea) is a cladoceran zooplankter native to Australia, southwest Asia,
and Africa. First detected in northern Texas, D. lumholtzi has since spread throughout the southeast and
midwest regions of the U.S. The particularly long head and tail spines it possesses may make D. lumholtzi less
vulnerable than native cladocerans to predation by fish and some invertebrates. As a result, introduction of D.
lumholtzi may alter community structure of native zooplankton, making imperative the understanding of
mechanisms and patterns of dispersal. In an effort to shed light on the introductions of populations of D.
lumholtzi in North America ue used intersimple sequence repeat markers (ISSR's) to infer relationships
between populations from Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Genetic similarity between populations suggests
a single introduction whereas genetic variations suggest multiple introductions.

EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED BURNING ON SPIDER ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY:

YEAR II

Ami Knop. University of St. Francis, Joliet 60435.

A common preservation method used to maintain prairie plant species and eliminate
invasive plant species is prescribed burning. However, research is lacking on the effects of
prescribed burning on other prairie species such as arachnids. Arachnids, especially spiders, are
the dominant invertebrate predator in prairies; therefore it is important to understand just how
spiders are affected by prescription burning. If spiders are affected by prescription burning, then
abundance and diversity of spider prey will be affected. As a result of the predator-prey
dynamics, our data can possibly be used to address further management issues on enhancement of
prairie habitats for not only spiders but also a number of other species. Data was collected at 12
sites in 3 Northeastern Illinois counties. These 12 sites represent a wide range of prairie types
from dry sand prairies to mesic-wet black soil prairies. Three 200 meter transects were set up at
each prairie unit and spiders were collected using a sweep method along each of the transects.
Collected spiders were then identified to family and in the case of the Salticidae (jumping
spiders) spiders were keyed to species level. Comparisons of spider populations over a two-year
period in both burned and unbumed prairies will be presented. 7

PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF HOLBROOKIA MACULATA ASSESSED USING mtDNA AND
MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION. R. Blaine. R. Axtell. D. Duvemell, J. Lemos Espinal, J. Schaefer, S
McCommas: SIU, Edwardsville, Biology Department, Edwardsville, IL. 62026. Population structure
within Holbrookia maculata was assessed using 500 bp of the ND2 mtDNA gene and 102 morphometric
measurements. Of the 500 bp 49 were parsimoniously informative. MtDNA was analyzed for 50
Holbrookia sampled from 4 populations from southern New Mexico to central Chihuahua, Mexico.
Reciprocal monophyly was found between the northern and southern populations, within clade vanation
<1% and between clade variation of >6%. Morphometric data was analyzed for 150 samples from the
same 4 populations. Morphometric data was analyzed using PC and N-J analysis. Of the 102
morphometric traits 3 traits loaded most heavily on the first principal component differentiating between
microhabitat preferences. PC A showed two distinct morphotypes, one found, geographically, throughout
the Southwest USA and northern Mexico; whereas morphotype 2 associates geographically with northern
and southern Mexico. H. maculata shows distinct genetic differences between northern and southern
clades and with the southern clade not showing morphological homogeneity but rather microhabitat
association, data indicate phenotypic plasticity in the southern clade.

GENETIC DIVERSITY, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND CONSERVATION OF DESMOGNATHUS
MONTICOLA (FAMILY: PLETHODONTIDAE). E. D. Casey. M. Mort and R. Fischer. Eastern Illinois
University, Charleston, Illinois 61920. Desmognathus monticola is semi-aquatic salamander found
throughout the Appalachian Mountains from southwestern Pennsylvania through northern Alabama and
Georgia. In addition, a highly disjunct, state-endangered population is located in the coastal plain region
of Alabama. Two conflicting hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of this southern
population: it may be recently derived through multiple introductions, or may represent a relictual
population formed through historic glacial events in the Appalachian region. Estimates of genetic
diversity within and between populations were inferred from Intersimplc Sequence Repeats (ISSRs),
representing the first use of this technique in Plethodontid salamanders. In addition, relatedness between
the continuous Appalachian range and the coastal plain population was assessed to determine the relative
position of each population. Preliminary results are indicating a basal position for the southern Alabama
population, supporting its status as a relictual population due to glaciation. Comparisons of the genetic
variation of this endangered coastal plain population to those in the continuous range may also shed light
on potential strategies for management and conservation.

COMPOSITION AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF BEAVER COLONIES IN ILLINOIS
Stanley McTaggart and Thomas Nelson. Dept. Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL
61920. Beavers are important because they create wetland habitats, provide economic opportunities to
trappers, and can cause serious nuisance problems. Neither population estimates nor direct indices of
abundance are available for this species in Illinois. Consequently, we initiated research to evaluate
methods for monitoring the relative abundance of beavers statewide. An integral part of this effort is to
estimate the size and demographics of individual beaver colonies. During 1999-2001, we trapped 239
beavers including 156 individuals from 28 colonies that were completely trapped-out. Of these, 30%
were kits, 19% yearlings, and 51% adults. Ages ranged from 0.5 to 15.5 years old. Colony size averaged
5.6 beavers, ranging from 2-11. The typical colony was comprised of a breeding pair, 1-2 yearlings or
subordinate adults, and 2 kits. Reproductive rates were high. The percentage of females breeding and
ovulation rates increased with age through 3.5 year olds. Fetal rates of yearlings, 2.5 and >3.5 year olds
were 3.0, 4.0, and 4.1, respectively. It appears that the presence of an older ovulating female supresses
ovulation in younger females of breeding age within the colony.

CYCLOMORPIIOSIS OF DAPHNIA LUMHOLTZ! IN RESPONSE TO SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY
IN LAKE TAYLORVILLE. K.K. Schnake and C.L. Pederson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL
61920. Reservoir zonation occurs longitudinally as water enters from a stream into an impoundment, such as
Lake Taylorvilic, Christian County, Illinois. Inflow areas (or riverine zones) are typified by high flow rate and
shallow depth whereas areas near the dam (lacustrine zones) characteristically have decreased flow and greater
depth. In a typical reservoir, abiotic variables change more or less predictably along a continuum from the
riverine, through a transitional and into a lacustrine zone. For example, concentrations of suspended solids and
nutrients decrease across the zones allowing light penetration to increase which can have a significant impact
upon the biota within the system. Daphnia lumholtzi, a cladoceran which exhibits extreme cyclomorphosis, is an
exotic species introduced to North America sometime within the past twenty-five years. We examined the
morphology of D. lumholtzi in three different zones from Lake Taylorville. Head, body, and tail lengths were
determined from field collections made during 1993, 1994, and 1999. Significant morphological differences were
observed primarily in individuals taken from riverine and lacustrine sites. We conclude that variation in
development of reservoir zones and concomitant changes in abiotic variabales on an annual basis significantly
influence morphology of D. lumholtzi in Lake Taylorville.

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NAPHTHALENE BIOACCUMULATION IN RANA
PIPIENS. Diana Giczewski. Kris Maillachcruvu, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625. Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are organic pollutants released into the environment primarily as a
result of human activities. PAHs are formed during the incomplete combustion of coal, oil, gas
and garbage They are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - a mixed function oxidase
responsible for the breakdown of exogenous and endogenous substances in both terrestrial and
aquatic organisms This study e.xamined: 1) the consequences of naphthalene exposure on CO2
excretion in the leopard frog; 2) the bioaccumulation of naphthalene in various frog tissues; and
3) the effect of naphthalene accumulation on CYP450 activity in the frog liver. Following PAH
exposure, pulmonary CO2 excretion was reduced, naphthalene accumulated in the liver, lungs,
and muscle, and cytochrome P45() was deactivated. Given that our laboratory recently identified
PAHs in several sections of the Illinois River, the daUi from this study suggest that PAH bioaccumulation
may be detrimental to the biota in this ecosystem.

EXAMINING PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN CLONAL PLANTS WITH SAXIFRAGA
STOLONIFERA (SAXIFRAGACEAE). L. Corradin and E. Ribbens, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL
61455. Saxtfragus stolonifera (Saxifragaceae) reproduces asexually through vegetative regeneration. Ramets
remain attached to the parent through stolons, and these stolons are normally retained post-establishment.
Therefore, post-establishment physiological integration, which enables nutrients, water, and/or photosynthates
to move from one plant to another, is possible through these maintained connections. We examined the effects
of insufficient water to evaluate the extent of physiological integration as expressed by bidirectional flows of
water through the stolons. Maternal plants were grown until ramets of a substantial size were present. All but
the largest ramet was removed, and the ramets and attached parents were replanted in separate pots while
maintaining the stolon connection (as in Salzman and Parker 1985). The parent — ramet partners were then
divided into four groups, with each group exposed to a different watering regime: normal water to both,
reduced water to both, reduced water to only the parent plant, or reduced water to only the ramet. After one
month soil was removed from each plant and the total dry weight for each was determined.

PHAEOPHYSCIA LEANA - A LICHEN SPECIES AT THE EDGE, R. N.Gillespie and A. S. Methven
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, 61920. Phaeophyscia leana (Tuck.) Esslinger, or Lea’s Bog Lichen,
a very rare and imperiled lichenized fungus with specific habitat requirements, is especially sensitive to landuse
patterns associated with riverine corridors. Phaeophyscia leana is a potential candidate for the Federal
Endangered Species list and the only state endangered lichen in Illinois. The highly disturbed habitat along
most midwestem river systems leaves very little suitable riparian area in which this unique lichen can subsist.
Phaeophyscia leana utilizes the trunks of large cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) along a river’s edge as well as
tree species associated with historical river channel oxbow lakes and backwater sloughs. Phaeophyscia leana
can be found on corticolous substrates that are often inundated by flood events, a unique habitat for a lichen,
and a habitat in which P. leana grows virtually without other lichen associates. Recent surveys have
documented several new stands of P. leana, along both the Ohio and Wabash rivers. FCnown populations have
been revisited to identify disruptions and possible habitats have been identified and surveyed.

IMPACT OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS,

Joel Lonu. Dylan Kosma. and Stephen Ebbs. Southern Illinois University-Carbondale,
Carbondale, IL, 62901.

Cadmium contamination in the environment is a growing concern because of the potential impact
on plant growth and develbpment. A wastewater treatment facility at the nearby Crab Orchard
National Wildlife Refuge has significantly elevated soil Cd concentrations but supports a wide
variety of plant species that provide food sources for wildlife. Foxtail (Selaria spp.), one of the
grasses on the site, was studied to see if cadmium had an effect on plant morphology. Our
observations indicated that there was a negative correlation between Cd content and seed head
size, suggesting an effect on reproductive development. We are continuing to examine the effect
of Cd on plant growth by conducting more detailed greenhouse studies with other grass species of
relevance to wildlife. In addition, we intend to use rapid cycling Brassica plants to examine the
effect of cadmium on seed development and cadmium tolerance in subsequent plant generations.

VENTRAL APPENDAGE VARIATION OF THE METZGERIIDAE
(MARCHANTIOPHYTA). Abel J. Kinser. Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6509. The Metzgeriidae or simple thalloid liverworts
have ventral "appendages" that are typically clustered near the thallus apex for
protection of a single apical cell. As the thallus elongates, these appendages can persist
and sometimes form rows. The form and arrangement of the appendage are sometimes
used as taxonomic characters for classification. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
was used on representatives of the major groups within the Metzgeriidae to examine the
morphological variation within the subclass. The SEM images show a wide range of
variation within the Metzgeriidae but suggest consistent patterns define orders,
suborders and families. This preliminary study suggests that ventral appendages, If
examined carefully, can be informative in modern classifications of the Metzgeriidae.

COMI’ARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SEMPLE THALLOID Ll\'ER\VORTS. JEXSIiMA
LINOB AND PAl.LAl'ICIMA GRAY ( PALLAVICIMACEAE i Scott Schuette and Dr. Barbara
Crandall-Stculer Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois L'niversit\, Carbondale IL 62901-
6509. Jenscnia Lindb. is a dioicous, dendroid liverwort that superficiallv resembles some species of
Pallavicinici. In Jenscnia is sometimes regarded as a subgenus of Pallaviciniu Gray. Howev er,
several morphological features viewed with SEM clearlv' distinguish Jenscnia from Pallavicinia. This
stud> compares a suite of morphological characters, including lhallus stance, perichaetial and
perigonial structures and spore size and morphologv , between Jensenia erythrnpus and Pallavicinia
lyellii. These characters, which are commonlv' used separate genera, clearly show these two
liverworts are distinct from each other.

MODIFYrNG DISTANCE METHODS TO ESTIMATE HISTORICAL TREE DENSITY FROM
GOVERNMENT LAND OFF ICE SURVEY RECORDS. S.L. Sauer. R.C, Anderson. R. Swigart. J. Fraiish. and
A. Carver , Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790 and Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901.
Government Land Office (GLO) survey records have been used to determine historic vegetation through the
application of the distance methods to the witness tree data. We test the suitability of applying modifications of
the random pairs method or the quarter method to GLO records from the Shawnee National Forest Purchase Area
in southern Illinois. The witness tree data was evaluated with criteria based on the distribution of the witness trees
around the section or quarter section points. As a whole, the data set did not meet all criteria for either method.
Data were subdivided into groups meeting specific criteria. For interior points with two witness trees, the random
pair method with an exclusion angle of 202.93 degrees provided the best modification of the distance methods to
convert witness tree distances to tree density. A new correction factor of 0.74 to convert the mean witness tree
distance to the square root of the mean area was determined by regressing exclusion angle against correction
factor. Wilcoxon sign-rank tests indicate that there are significant differences in the calculated square root of the
mean area based on distance method used (quarter method v. random pairs 5=3665417, p<0.00l ; random pairs v.
new 0.74 correction factor 5=3893716, p<0.001) and depending if tree diameter is included in witness tree
idistance measurements (with diameter v. without diameter 5=- 1349.5, p<0.001).

CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS SITES AND POPULATION5 THROUGH
50IL ANALY5I5 AND PH0T05YNTHE5I5 MEA5UREMENT5. M.A. Rickey and R.C. Anderson. Illinois
5tate University, Normal, IL 61790.

Phragmites australis is an invasive grass that has dramatically increased its distribution and abundance within its
geographic range in the past fifty years. 5equence data show that Phragmites native haplotypes “E” and “5” and
invasive haplotype “M” exist in North America. Three Illinois type M Phragmites sites and populations were
characterized by soil analysis and photosynthetic measurements in this experiment: Banner, Lincoln, and Herrin.

It was hypothesized that there will be differences in soil variables among sites and differences in maximum
photosynthetic rates (Pmax) rates among populations. MANOVA yielded significant results (Wilks’ Lambda,
|F=5.67, p>F=0.0006) and univariate ANOVAs indicated significant differences among sites for total nitrogen,
nitrate-nitrogen, organic matter, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus. The Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch
multiple range test revealed that Banner Marsh was significantly lower than Lincoln and Herrin for all significant
Tcsponse variables. Photosynthetic light response curves and Pmax, and light saturation values were determined
for plants from the three populations. Plants had maximum photosynthetic rates of about 16 pmol CO2 m*^s*' and
achieved light saturation between 1200-1400 pmol PPFD m’^s''. ANOVA revealed significant differences in Pmax
rates among sites (F=38.14, p<0.0001) and that Lincoln had the highest back-transformed mean Pmax of 21.22^ _

GALLERY OF ILLINOIS PLANTS WEBSITE

Dan Buscmgycr, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820

A new website which showcases the native and established exotic vascular flora of Illinois has been placed on the
Illinois Natural History Survey’s Website: http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu. This website has photographs of
approximately 500 vascular plant species found in Illinois along with a few dozen other species not found in
Illinois. The plants are listed alphabetically by Latin name, by common English name, and by family. For each
plant there are one to five pictures (including small thumbnail pictures which can be clicked on to see a full size
image). There are also links to the Illinois plant identification network (ILPIN) created by Louis Iverson which
provide information on Illinois distribution, habitat, life history, and synonomy for each plant. Ultimately the
goal for the website is to include pictures and information for as many as possible of the approximately 3000
species of plants found in Illinois.

INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF FLAMMULINA. A.S. Methven and M.E. Mort. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston, IL 61920-3099 and University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2106. F'/trw/ww/ma (Basidiomycetes,
Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) is a popular edible mushroom that has been cultivated for centuries in Japan and
marketed worldwide under the name enoki-take. Until the 1960’s, the epithet veluiipes was more or less
uniformly applied to all collections in the genus whether commercially or naturally produced. Recent
investigations have described additional ta.xa within the genus based on morphology and mating studies. Species
designations were subsequently confirmed by comparing restriction digests and DNA sequences for the nuclear
ribosomal internal transcribed regions (ITSl and ITS2) using geographically diverse collections of each ta.xon.
Laboratory generated interspecific hybrids of Flammulina were subsequently examined by restriction digests of
the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer regions. Digestion with two restriction enzymes, Mae III and Bst F51,
distinguished among the interspecific hybrids and produced distinctive RFLP signatures. Results of these
analyses reveal a complicated pattern of ITS evolution; additivity and concerted evolution were observed in the
ITS hybrids.

OCCURRENCE OF VESCICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATIONS IN SPECIES
OF AEONIUM FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS. T.L. Cervenv and A.S. Methven. Eastern Illinois
University, Charleston, IL 61920-3099. Literature on the occurrence of mycorrhizae in the Crassulaceae is
limited. As a result, detailed information regarding colonization status and specific fungal associates in the
Crassulaceae is needed. This study examined colonization and the abundance of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal
(VAM) fungi associated with the roots Aeonium (Crassulaceae) species from the Canary Islands. On a recent
trip to the Canary Islands, the roots Aeonium species from different sites on several of the islands were
collected and fixed in FAA. After return to the laboratory, plant roots were cleared, stained, and scored for the
presence and abundance of VAM associations. Preliminary results demonstrate that VAM fungi colonize more
than 80% of the roots of Aeonium species.

ANALYSES OF PRAIRIE RESTORATIONS AT ROCK SPRINGS ENVIRONMENTAL
CENTER, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. J.A. Ward. G.C. Tucker. J.E. Ebinger. and S.J. Mciners.
Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Rock Springs was acquired in 1969 by the
Macon County Conservation District. Prairie restorations, totaling about 30 acres, were
established on former farmland starting in 1977. Several tracts were developed as prairie
restorations of varying ages (1977, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986). Original land survey records
indicate that the area was open forest with Carya, Quercus, and Ulmus species present. Based on
fieldwork during the summers of 1999-2001, 122 species were collected, 56 of which wdre within
the sampling transects. The tracts were summarized for an overall comparison. The highest
importance value for any species was 42.6 (out of 100) for Andropogon gerardii. The greatest
number of species (36) was reached in the 1983 tract. Sorensen’s Index of Similarity between
tracts ranged from 53.97- 72.97. Coefficient of conservatism ranged from 3.42-4.56 and the
floristic quality index from 18.6-25.8, with the older sites having higher values. Results indicate
that the tracts are blending together and the quality increases with tract age based on the floristic
quality index.

THE EFEECT OF CUTTING ON SPECIES RICHNESS AND PERCENT COVER
OF HERBACEOUS SPECIES, CHAUTAUQUA LONG-TERM RESEARCH SITE,
CARBONDALE , ILLINOIS. BUI Phillip_s, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale,
Illinois 62901. The experiment involved the study of herbaceous plants at the
Chautauqua Nature Site in Southern, Illinois. Species richness and percent cover was
Calculated for herbaceous plants. Sub-blocks cut in 1994 were contrasted with
sub-blocks, which were never cut. The uncut sub-blocks will have more species
richness and percent cover than the sub-blocks cut in 1994. The same amount of
species was observed to be in the uncut sub-blocks as in the cut sub-blocks.

BASELINE FLORAL SURVEY OF THE WATERSHED NATURE CENTER. Jeannie A. Moe
and E. J. Esselman, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Dlinois 62026. The watershed
Nature Center is a 60 acre nature preserve within the city limits of Edwardsville, Illinois.
Originally a sewage lagoon, the property was converted into a nature preserve in 1991. The
mission of the Watershed is to educate the public about the importance and natural balance of
ecosystems while providing space for recreational activities. Recently the Watershed has
received additional funding to improve the biodiversity of the property. The purpose of this
research is to establish a baseline floral survey of the Watershed. This information will aid in the
continuing restoraticMi efforts by identifying the native plants present that need to be preserved
and the invasive plants that need to be removed.

SEEDBANK VIABILITY IN SCHOENOPLECTUS HALLII, HALL’S BULRUSH.

^ Meinardi, M. Smith, and S. Ammann. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026.
Hall’s bulrush (Schoenoplectus hallii) is a medium-sized sedge {ca. 6 inches tall) that is in danger
of extinction. Of the remaining states with extant populations, only three have more than one
population— MO, OK and IL (McKenzie 1998). The species is listed as endangered in every state
in which it occurs, and it is currently under consideration for Federal listing. Very little research
has been done on S. halli because of its low occurrence. The objectives of this study were to
determine seed viability in the soil seedbank at three Illinois sites and to evaluate the effect of soil
depth on viability. We hypothesized that 1. Due to the similarity in site conditions, seed viability
would not vary among sites, and 2. Viability would be higher in seeds closer to the surface than in
those deeper in the soil matnx. Our data indicated that seed viability varied significantly among
sites and soil depths.

INTERACTION OF PROTRACTED SUMMER FLOODING AND SHADE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF UNDERSTORY ACER SACCHARINUM SEEDLINGS. C Deutsch'. K.E. Schulz^ IC Jamison^ L IC
Manarli, and 1C Kahf l ’Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. ^US Army
Corps of Engineers, Riverlands Demonstration Project, St. Louis, MO 63386. The Great Flood of 1993
radically modified Mississippi River bottomland forests near St. Louis, MO. Mature forests were heavily
damaged, leaving open stands with few juveniles to replace the canopy. Recruitment of seedlings has been all
but non-existent until recently. Previous work has eliminated the effects of shade and competing vines in
reproductive failure. A 3 x 2 factorial experiment (control, 30, and 60 day flooding by 100 and 60% sun) was
conducted to test for an interaction between flooding and shade in the failure of silver maple seedling
establishment. Flood duration and high light intensity had negative simple effects on height. Flood duration
reduced the length of the last growth flush in shade plants, but had almost no effect in sun plants. The number
of nodes varied significantly, but inconsistently across the flood duration x shade factorial. The poorer
performance of seedlings in high light treatment combinations may be related to limited nutrient availability
in the planting medium.

USING PALENOLOGY TO DETERMINE A CULTURE HORIZION AT HORSESHOE LAKE IN
MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Jennifer J. Martin and Dr. Richard Brueam. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026. Ragweed (Ambrosia) is a common early successional plant.
The rise of ragweed pollen in a sediment core indicates the arrival of European/American farmers. A
piston core was used to collect 7 samples from Horseshoe Lake, Madison County. The cores were
taken to the lab in vertical position and sliced at 1cm intervals. Sub samples from one of the cores
were acetolyzed and mounted on microscope slides to count pollen. We noted an increase in
Ambrosia pollen at 60 cm in the core allowing us to date that level at 1809 AD, the year the first farm
was established on the lake. A radiocarbon date of 710+ 80 years BP was obtained for the 65 cm level
in the core. It is likely that this date is too old because reservoir errors.

EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF POPULUS DELTOIDES BARTR. .
MARSH. AND ITS POTENTIAL USE IN PHYTOREMEDIATION. D. Shrestha. M. Smith, K.
Johnson and W. Retzlaff, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville 62026. In general, plants are able
to accumulate Cd from soil at lower concentrations without adverse effects; however, at higher
concentrations, plants often exhibit toxic effects. For a plant to be used in the phytoremediation of Cd,
It must be able to accumulate higher concentrations of the metal in its tissues without experiencing
toxicity. We studied the ability of Populus deltoides to accumulate Cd and its effects on the
physiology of P. deltoides. Individuals of P. deltoides grown for 8 months in soil contaminated with
concentrations of Cd up to 50 ppm exhibited no significant change in stomatal conductance,
chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content or growth. Plants accumulated significantly
higher concentrations of Cd in leaf, stem and root tissues at higher soil concentrations; however, the
accumulation was not as high as reported in other studies. In trees known to hyperaccumulate Cd, 100
ppm Cd per dry weight in tissues has been reported. The results of this study indicated that P.
deltoides can be a good candidate for use in Cd phytoextraction, in that Cd does not negatively affect
physiology and growth, provided that its ability to absorb Cd from soil can be enhanced

SEED VIGOR OF LESQUERELLA LUDOVICIANA AS AFFECTED BY COLONY AND MATURITY. S.E.
Beach*. J.M. Coons'*^. H.R. Owen^ B.L. Todd\ and M.A.L. Smith*. ‘University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801
and 'Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Lcsqucrclla ludoviciana (Nutt.) S. Wats, is an
endangered sand prairie plant in Illinois, found in Mason County in three colonies which differ ^eatly. The
North Colony-Lower Bowl is the largest colony (3248 m“) with a plant density of 8.6 plants/ m‘. The North
Colony-Upper Bowl (1025 m^)lias the lowest plant density with 1.8 plants/m . The South Colony has the
smallest area (270 m') with a density of 4.8 plants/m‘. Diversity of plant species within colonies increases as
density off. ludoviciana decreases. Since Bowers bloom first at the bottom of the stalk, seed maturity varies
with position upon the stalk. Objectives were to determine the effects of seed maturity and colony on seed
vigor. Seed was collected on June 1 and June 1 6, 2000, and on May 14 and June 6, 2u0l. Seed was grouped by
colony, by date, and by position (early or late) on the flower stalk for the first collection date. Seed was
germinated on moist filter paper in petri dishes at 25®C in 24hr light. Germinated seeds were counted every 2-4
days, l or 2UUU seed, no consistent dilYcrenccs occurred between colonies or maturity levels. For 2U0I, May 14
seed did not germinate. This lack of germination shows that seed maturity plays a role in germination since May
14 seed was less mature than June 6 seed, which did germinate. For June 6, seed germination for the South.
Colony was lower than for North Colonies.

100

MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSES EXHIBITED IN HYDRA DUE TO
EXTRACELLULAR ATP EXPOSURE.

H.R. FitzHenry and V.L. Burgholzer. Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, Aurora, IL
60506.

Stuart Newman (1973) observed a morphological response in Hydra attenuata when exposed to
extracellular metabolites through their environment. This response was noted by a drastk: change
towards the extreme ends of the body and a loss of tentacles. Further experiments with ATP were
performed to see if hydra could become accustomed to the metabolite solution; signaled by their
ability to bud. Using half of Newman’s original concentration of ATP, it was noted that their
body “stretched” (got longer and thinner), but seemed to do so disproportionately. Using the
budding region as an arbitrary point to divide the hydra in half The gastric (top) and peduncle
(bottom) regions were measured using LoggerPro image analysis software. The disproportionate
“stretching” of the hydra was quantified through the results of a MANOVA. Disproportionate
changes between the two regions is thought to occur because of elevated levels of a purine
triphosphate, disrupting the “normal” metabolic gradients found throughout the hydra’s body.

101

THE FMRF AMIDE RECEPTOR IN THE EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD. K.G. Krainiak and S. D.
Klohr. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, IL 62026. FMRFamide increases the rate of
contractions in the earthworm gut. Since other FMRFamide related peptides are found in annelids, yve
used the Lumbricus terrestris crop-gizzard assay to determine how changes in the peptide affected the
response. The crop-gizzard was removed, attached to a transducer, and exposed to increasing doses of
neuropeptide. A log-dose curve was used to determine the ECjq. The FMRFamide EC50 was 32 nM, while
EC50S of FLRFamide and FTRFamide were 320 nM and 3 uM, respectively. Shortening the peptide to
MRFamide increased the EC50 to 3.2 uM. When norleucine (nL) was substituted for methionine (M) in
nLRFamide contraction rate actually decreased with an EC50 of 52 nM. When d-amino acids were
substituted for 1-amino acids the following EC50 values were obtained. For d-FMRFamide it was 32 nM
and for FMd-RFamide it was 10 nM, while there were no responses to Fd-MRFamide or FMRd-Famide.
The heptapeptide GDPFLRFamide had an EC50 of 310 nM, while there was no response to
pQDPFLRFamide. These data suggest that the earthworm crop-gizzard receptor prefers a tetrapeptide
sequence with MRFamide in the C-terminal for full tissue response.

102

CATECHOLAMINE REGULATION OF THE ISOLATED EARTHWORM CROP-GIZZARD. C.A.
Corley and K^G. Krainiak. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Catecholamines affect
the motility of digestive tracts in many animals, therefore we examined the effects of several
catecholamines on the isolated crop gizzard of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. The crop-gizzard
was removed, attached to a smooth muscle transducer, and exposed to various concentrations of
catecholamines. Dopamine caused a biphasic response in both contraction rate and amplitude. There Was
a decrease in contraction rate and amplitude with a threshold of lO*^ M and an increase in contraction rate
and amplitude with a threshold of 10*^ M.. Octopamine initiated a biphasic response in rate, characterized
by an increase with a threshold of lO'*® M and a decrease with a threshold of lO*'^ M, and a decrease in
overall amplitude (threshold at lO * M). Both epinephrine and norepinephrine initiated increases in
amplitude with a threshold of 10 ® M and a slight increase in rate. Theses data suggest that the
catecholamines may be involved in regulation of earthworm digestive tract smooth muscle. We are
currently examining how the crop-gizzard responds to alpha and beta agonists.

103

INOSITOL PHOSPHOGLYCANS CONTAINING MYOINOSITOL AND CHIROINOSITOL ARE
PURIFIED FROM NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA THROUGH GEL-FILTRATION
CHROMATOGRAPHY. D. Albracht*, T. Korves, Dr. G. Galasko*, and Dr. P. Wanda, Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville, IL 62026 and Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, Alton,

IL 62002*. Inositol phosphoglycans (IPG’s) are known second messengers of insulin action or Insuliii
mediators. The two putative mediators purified in this work differ in both their chemical composition and
biological activity. The chiroinositol-containing mediator activates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
and has a pH of 2.0.' The myoinositol-containing mediator inhibits cAMP-dependant protein kinase and
has a pH of 1.3. Recent studies have shown that in Type 2 diabetic patients (NTDDM), daily urinary
chiroinositol excretion was 30-50 times less than normal, healthy patient chiroinositol levels. Muscle
biopsies of healthy and NIDDM patients have reinforced these findings. With these correlations to
NIDDM, the purification process of both IPG’s is of great value. By using gel-filtration chromatography
9olumns (Sephadex G-25 and G-15), this was accomplished.

104

EXTENSIVE VARIATION AMONG LISW RETROTRANSPOSON LINEAGES WITHIN
TELEOST FISH GENOMES CONTRADICTS THE “MASTER” MODEL. K.A. Miller and D.D.
DuvemelL So. III. U., Edwardsville, IL 62026. Swimmer is a family of LINE- 1 retrotranspospns (LJsw)
found in teleost fishes that is closely related to the LI family in mammals. Extensive phylogenetic studies
of LI elements have typically revealed limited sequence diversity within genomes. This is predicted by
the “master” model, in which elements arise from only one or a few closely related templates. In contrast,
the “random template” model describes an element family in which all copies may replicate with equal
probability resulting in a highly branched lineage structure. These alternative models make distinct
predictions about the phylogenetic relationships among elements residing within a host genome. To better
understand the lineage structure of the Llsw family, a survey of several fish taxa was conducted, using
degenerate PCR. Substantial sequence diversity and a complex lineage structure within genomes
contradicted the master model in favor of the random template model. The contradictory patterns
observed between LI and Llsw families may reflect regulatory differences among these elements within
their respective genomes.

105

USING THE ZEBRA FISH GENOME DATABASE TO EXPLORE LISW RETROTRANSPOSON
DIVERSITY IN TELEOST GENOMES. S.M. Adams and D.D. Duvemell. So. III. U., Edwardsville, IL
62026. Retrotransposable elements (REs) are highly mobile autonomous DNA sequences found m aU
eukaryotic genomes. The LI family of REs is the most ubiquitous family in mammals comprising 15 to 20 /o
of the genome. Other related element families include DRE (Dictyostelium), Zepp (ChloreUa), Tal 1
(Arabidopsis), Cin4 (Maize), Txl (Xenopus) and Llsw (killifishes). Of the elements identified m vertebrates,
phylogenetic studies had indicated that teleost Llsw is actually more closely related to mammalian LI than is
amphibian Txl . This" observation suggests that either a) only a subset of the total diversity of Ms has been
identified in these vertebrate genomes, or b) the relationships among these element families refiects .
stochastic lineage sorting of REs among modern vertebrate groups. We have utilized on-line searches using
BLAST (Basic Leal Alignment Search Tool) to identify RE sequences in the zebra fish pnome database in
order to explore the diversity of sequences in teleost genomes. A phylogenetic analysis of these sequences
with LI Llsw and Txl reveals that teleost genomes actually contain a much greater diversity o'
sequences than has been observed in either mammals or amphibians. The relationships among these RE
sequences and the implications for the evolution of REs in vertebrate genomes are discussed.

106

COMPARITfVE RESULTS OF THE CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS OF MEASLES VIRUS
AND CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS IN RESPECT TO APOPTOSIS. J.H. Irlam and R
Wanda, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Measles virus (MV)
Edmonston strain has been shown to induce apoptosis in Vero cells, while Canine
Distemper virus (CDV) Onderstepoort strain, was unable to stimulate apoptosis in Vero
cells. Alternate strains of both MV and CDV have been obtained, and the apoptotic
effects of these strains will be compared with previous studies. Through fluorescent cell
staining techniques and gel electrophoresis, the comparison of the cytopathic effects of
these different viral strains can be visualized. Extensive study of these different strains of
MV and CDV will allow for a generalization of viruses in the Paramyxovirus family to
be made in regards to apoptotic activity.

107

SEQUENCING PARTS OF THE LACTOBACILLUS AMYLOVORUS GENOME. C. Clark
and S. A. McCommas. Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL 62026. Wc hypothesize that by
comparing sequences from L. amvlovoru3*s genome to sequences from other bacterial species we
will be able to make inferences alx)ut their phylogenetic relationships. The L. amvlovorus
sequences can be obtained by cutting purified, genomic DNA with 5aw3 AI and ligating these
fira^ents into a pUC18 vector with compatible ends. The DNA will be isolated, purified,
amplified, and sequenced. L. amvlovorus* s sequences will be compared to other bacterial species
in GenBank.

108

V3A INDUCES MITOGENESIS IN VERO CELLS AND CHICK EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS.
T. Korves. A. Bradshaw. D. Albracht. P. Wanda, and G. Galasko. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville, IL 62025, and Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, Alton, IL,
62002. Previous research illustrates that Fraction V3, an inositol phosphoglycan isolated from
human plasma, induces apoptosis in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells). However,
data from ongoing studies indicates that V3a, another inositol phosphoglycan found in human
plasma, is capable of inducing mitogenesis. This effect occurs in a dose-dependent manner and
has been demonstrated in Vero cells and chick embryo fibroblasts.

109

EFFECT OF PHAGOCYTOSIS ON PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN RETINAL PIGMENT
EPITHELIAL CELLS. M. D. Rauser and A. Baich. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville, IL 62026. Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a disease
of the eye that occurs when the cells of the central visual field degenerate.
Clinical observations suggest the retinal pigment epithelium cells(RPE) are lost
first, and the neurosensory cells of the retina follow. Broken-off tips of the
neurosensory cells are phagocytized by RPE cells. It has been shown that
ceramide derivatives at a low concentration induce programmed cell death
(apoptosis) of RPE cells. My goal is to determine the effects of ceramine on RPE
cells when challenged by rod outer segments (ROS). This experiment will
presume that the RPE are performing as they would in vivo when challenged by
ROS. It is hypothesized that the act of phagocytosis enhances the rate of
ceramide induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. This
research may be beneficial in determining the underlying cause of ARMD.

GENE EXPRESSION OF CULTURED HUMAN BONE CELLS. J. Allen .S MrTnmn,,. and
B^WhiUon, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Throughout life a balance
exisu between bone formation and bone loss (resorption). In healthy individuals the rate of bone
formation and resorption are equal, giving strong bone tissue. In older individuals the rate of
resorption starts to exceed the rate of formation leading to porous and brittle bones, a condition
Imown as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a significant problem in the United States It is estimated
mat more than half of the women who are 50 years or older are likely to have radiologically
detectable evidence of decreased bone mass. In order to develop therapies, centered on
stimulation bone cell development, we must better understand what growth factors and hormtmes
are involved in bone formation and how they interact with each other. To tackle the first problem
we turn to genetics. By determining which genes are being expressed and the amount of
expression we develop a picture of what proteins are involved in the production of bone My
re^rch will encompass analyzing the expression profiles of cultured human bone cells in
Afferent stages of growth, through the use of micro-gene array hybridization techniques’ It is
hoped that the findmgs fi-om this initial investigation will enable further research into what
proteins and receptors are involved in bone cell formation.

Ill

MOLECULAR CLONING OF A FULL-LENGTH BOVINE EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-
5A cDNA. J.-K. Huang. G. H. Huang. V. C. Sershon. J. C. McDonald. P, G. Gowda, and L. Wen. Western
Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455

The mature eukaryotic initiation factor-5 A (eIF-5 A) is the only protein known to contain the unusual amino
acid hypusine, (N®-(4-amino-2(R)-hydroxybutyl)lysine) lysine. The synthesis ofhypusine, and therefore of
mature eIF-5A, is important for the biological activity of eIF-5A. We report here molecular cloning of
bovine eIF-5A cDNA using human eIF-5A cDNA as a probe. A total of 2.5 xlO^ clones from a ZAP
Express™/£c(9/? VXho I bovine testis cDNA library (a generous gift from Dr. John A. Glomset of University
of Seattle) was screened. Putative eIF-5 A DNA inserts were obtained from positive clones by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) using T3 and T7 primers. The PCR products were separated on an agarose gel and
a Southern blotting was done to confirm the hybridization. The hybridization fragments were digested with
BamHI '^mdXbal diad subcloned into pBluescript. The recombinant DNA containing colonies were selected
and DNA sequencing performed. The deduced protein sequence is found identical to that of human eIF-5A.

112

CLEAVAGE OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS AND INSECTICIDES USING TRIS—

BiPYRlDYT. LIGAND COMPLEXES

M^Ozkok. L. RiclLardson and A^ Branson. Dr.R.Dixon. Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville, IL 62026.

This po.ster describes a method to photo-cleave chemical warfare agents and insecticides using
bipyridyl metal coniplc.xes. Selective removal of tlicse pollutants and toxins from mixtures of
compounds is due to the ability of these receptors to photo-cleave specific functionalities.

113

S YNTHESIS OF TETHERED PRIMARY AMIDE AS POTENTIAL SITE SPECIFIC
BINDING MOTIFS FOR DNA AND RNA RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE.

Charles A. Bukovac, Robert P. Dixon. Oavton Casstdv. SIU Edwardsville Dept, of Chemi.stry.
Edwardsvillc, IL, 62026-1652

This poster will ouUine the synthesis of tethered primary amide. This functionality may have the
potential to be used as potential site - specific binding motifs for DNA and RNA recognition and
cleavage when synthetically placed into tris bipyridyl ruthenium complexes.

SYNTHESIS OF TETHERED OUANTOINIUMS AS POTENTIAL SITE SPECIFIC BINDING
MOTIFS FOR DNA AND RNA RECOGNITION AND CLEAVAGE.

I Kenneth L. Feltv, Robert P. Dixon. Shalandra R. Ross. SIU Edwardsville Dept, of Chemistry

Edwardsville, IL, 62026-1652

I This poster will outline the synthesis of tethered guanidiniums. This functionality may have the

potential to be used as potential site - specific binding motifs for DNA and RNA recognition and
cleavage when synthetically placed into tris bipyridyl ruthenium complexes.

115

COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE PLASMA
MEMBRANE: DEVELOPMENT OF AN UNDERGRADUATE BIOCHEMISTRY
EXPERIMENT. J. Passman and M.R. Fry. Dept, of Chemistry, Bradley University, Peoria , IL
61625.

This study involves developing a set of laboratory experiments exploring cell membrane
structure and composition for implementation in the junior level Biochemistry laboratory course.
In this set of experiments, based on the classic experiment of Goiter and Grendel, the
phospholipid and protein composition of porcine erythrocyte membranes is determined to deduce
the macromolecular organization of the membranes.

116

Ij SOURCES OF THE ESCUINTLA AND LA DEMOCRACIA DEBRIS AVALANCHES,

:I GUATEMALA. C.G. Schiek and C.A. Chesner. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston,

j IL 61920. Two large debris avalanche deposits occur south of the Fuego Volcanic

Complex on the coastal plain of Guatemala. The larger deposit, known as the Escuintia
! Debris Avalanche (EDA), is 27 km long by 18 km wide and has an estimated volume of 9

I km^. The La Democracia Debris Avalanche (LDDA) is 15 km long, 10 km wide and

about 2.4 km^ in volume. Previous studies have postulated that the source of the EDA
i; was Meseta volcano, the northernmost vent of the Fuego Volcanic Complex. A steep
^ east-facing scarp on Meseta presumably formed by sector collapse, generating the EDA.

I The scarp exposes a thick stratigraphic section of lavas and tephras that represent a

significant portion of Meseta’s eruptive history. The LDDA has been tentatively linked to
‘I either the Fuego or Acatenango volcanic complexes, although no obvious collapse scar
has been identified. In order to identify the source volcano for each deposit, lava block
' samples collected from each deposit were compared to lavas sampled at Meseta
I volcano.

117

MAPPING THE EFFECTS OF BENDWAY WEIR IMPLEMENTATION, EMBARRAS
RIVER, CUMBERLAND COUNTY, IL. S.M. DiNaso, Village of Downers Grove. 60515,
V.P. Gutowski. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920 and D.J. Osterman.
NRCS, Toledo, IL, 62468. In 1999, bendway weirs were installed along a 72 mile
segment of the Embarras River, near Toledo, IL. The weirs are designed to slow
streambank erosion by keeping the thalweg near the center of the channel, rather than
adjacent to the cutbank. The site was initially monumented and mapped with total
stations each year since implementation. It appears as though the weirs have slowed
cutbank erosion In some areas but have had little effect in other areas Other channel
responses include changes in the shape, size and location of sandy point bars, as well
as fragmentation and shallowing of the scour pools where the weirs are located.

118

MAXIMIZING THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC
RESONANCE (NMR) RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) COILS IN SAMPLES O
MICROSCOPIC SIZE. M.D. Hoadlev. Illinois Math and Science Academy, Aurora,
60506. Current NMR techniques analyze samples at the microscopic level with
precision. The purpose of this research is to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),
which corresponds to an improvement in precision for RF coils desired especially for
the analysis of very small samples. Coils of 1000 microns in length were desired to
spiral very tightly around a given sample, imitating the behavior of concentric circles an
theoretically maximizing the SNR. Several such coils are being microfabricated to test
and optimize several variables determining the lengths and specifications of the coils
various facets. An optimal production method has been determined by expenmentation
and the research continues with the process of inserting the coils into liquid-based
samples for NMR analysis and testing.

119

Bt-CORN DETRITUS IMPACTS ON LARVAL CADDISFLIES (Lepidostoma liba Ross)

Rubina Ahsan^- Colin Campbell L Meghan C. Romano Matt R. Whiles^. Beth Middleton^

^ Dept, of Plant Biology, ^Dept. of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901

Many Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are leaf-shredders in freshwater ecosystems that can
contribute to the initial breakdown of coarse detrital materials, and thus influence material and
energy cycling. In this study, Lepidostoma liba Ross (Lepidostomatidae) larvae were collected from
spring seeps in southern Illinois, reared in the laboratory, and fed either senescent leaves of
transgenic corn containing genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), organic com litter, or silver maple
litter. Those that were fed Bt-corn grew 2.2x slower than those fed organic corn or silver maple
litter, and this difference In growth rates was significant (ANOVA, p<0.05). Bt-corn is now planted in
large acreages in the U.S. and detritus from crop fields can migrate to adjacent stream and wetland
ecosystems. Based on our results, Bt-corn detritus could have an adverse effect on caddisfly
populations, and thus decomposition processes. While our study is preliminary it indicates that
there is a potential for ecosystem-wide effects of Bt-corn usage in landscapes where crop fields are
adjacent to aquatic systems.

120

A CLAY-MATION INTERPRETATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. J, Maloofand D.M.
Jedlic]^, Columbia College Chicago, Chicago IL 60605. The environment is at risk from modern
technological advances. Pollution puts stresses on biological systems that are already stressed and are not
given time to recover. Water systems and landfills are the primary focus of this project with deciduous
for^ts and grasslands also observed. Using clay-mation animation along with current video footage, a
variety of environmental disturbances are examined. Melodrama and music illustrate the risks and r^ults
involved with environmental pollution. The clay-mation characterizations give this project an emotional
twist supported by the concrete video footage from the modem day Midwest region.

121

HARMFUL EFFECTS ON WHALES AND DOLPHINS BY ULTRA LOW FREQUENCY WAVES. N.
Czech and D.M. Jedhcka, Columbia College Chicago, Chicago IL 60605. Whales and dolphins are very
sensitive to ultra low frequency (ULF) sounds. These ULF sound waves travel well through water. ULF
sound waves are emitted from the whale/dolphin and will return to the animal after the waves have
reached an object (bounce back after reaching a school of fish). Modern ships, including naval ships
contacting submarines and vice versa, are filling the ocean waters with more ULF sound waves which 1)
may confuse the interpretation of food sources by the whales/dolphins and/or actually may cause damage
to the ear (hearing apparatus). Beaching of whales/dolphins and/or bleeding of the ear could be the
results of the increased number of ULF sounds in our oceans. Current literature and personal
observations will examine these possibilities.

122

EFFECTS OF PRAIRIE RESTOILATION METHODS ON SMALL MAMMAL SEED PREDATION.
R.M. Key, D.M. Gohde, K.A. Lindce and M.E. Carrington, Governors State University, University Park, IL
60466. Effects of six prairie restoration methods on small mammal seed predation were investigated during
November 2001 on the Governors State University campus in Will County, Illinois. The study site was a 50 m x
100 m mowed area in an abandoned agricultural field dominated by smooth brome {Bromiis inennis). The six
treatments established in 18, Im x Im plots (15 within the mowed area and three replicate control plots outside
the burned area) were I ) -mowing; 2) raking and clipping; 3) tilling; 4) tilling and covering seeds with soil; 5)
tilling, covering seeds with soil, and tamping soil down; and 6) control. One open (with two 4 cm x 4 cm holes)
and one closed hardware cloth cylinder were randomly placed in each plot, and ten sunflower {Helianthus .
annuus) seeds were placed on the soil surface beneath each cylinder, and also were broadcast throughout the
plot. Seeds were counted and replaced in each plot every two days for 9 days, until the authors were confident
that small mammals had had an opportunity to find the seeds. On the ninth day of monitoring, difference in
number of seeds between the closed cylinder and open cylinder was recorded for each plot. More seed
predation occurred in the control and mowed treatments than in the raked and clipped, and all tilled treatments.
Eight white-footed mice {Peromyscus leucopus) were collected on the site during three days of snap-trapping

123

STABLE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE NITRATE CONTAMINATION IN
HORSESHOE LAKE I, Bala. B.Vermillion. RBrueam. WA.RetzlafT Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville, IL 62026 Industrial development over the last 1 10 years has contaminated many parts of the
American Bottoms, an extensive floodplain of the Mississippi River just east of St. Louis, MO. Industrial
and human activities generate a large number and variety of waste products, which are generally discharged
into surface or groundwater. The disposal of contaminated wastewater is of widespread national and
international concern. Although there is no remaining direct record of past groundwater pollution, there still
remains a record of contamination in Horseshoe Lake, a natural lake in the most industrialized portion of
the American Bottoms. Core sediments should archive a history of contaminant deposition that dates back
to the first establishment of industry in the American bottoms. I have examined sediment cores from
Horseshoe lake using stable isotopes of nitrogen (‘^N), to reconstruct the long-term history of groundwater
and suiface water contamination. I have observed a drastic increase in the in cores taken at Horseshoe
Lake at a depth of 40cm, which clearly indicates post civilization era. Increase in sediment is an
indication of human and animal waste deposited in this lake.

124

PHOSPHATE, BIOGENIC SILICA, AND HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN SEDIMENT
CORES FROM HORSHESHOE LAKE, MADISON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. B. Vermillion. 1, Bala. R
Bmgam, and W. Ret/lalT Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Horseshoe Lake is part of the
American UoUoms, which is a lloodplain of the Mississippi River that lies just east of St. Louis, MO. During the
latter half of the I9"‘ century the American Bottoms became highly industrialized due to the close proximity ol
coal deposits, water sources, rail and river transportation. However the environmental impact^ of the industrial
development were not considered during this time. Efrluents from local towns and industries have also been
accumulating in Horseshoe Lake along with agricultural ninofl'and human waste. Agriculture runoff and humaij
waste deposition has exposed Horseshoe Lake to high levels of phosphate, which is the limiting nutrient in
freshwater ecosystems. Increased levels of phosphate should increase the number of diatoms in the lake, therefor^
the level of biogenic silica in the sediment should also increase. Seven sediment cores were collected from
Horseshoe Lake. 1 wo of the longest cores have been dated via pollen analysis and '‘*C dating. Sediment above
the cultural horizon, when European .settlers arrived at the American Bottoms, shows a drastic increase in
phosphate and, therefore, biogenic silica in these cores. Nutrient and metal analysis of these cores allows us tc
reconstruct the anthropogenic history of llorseshtx; Lake.

125

UPTAKE OF CADMIUM BY PINUS TAEDA. Sashirekha Vissa. R.B, Brueam. W.A. Retzlaff. K.A. John.spg
J.L.J. Houpis, and R. Sankaran. Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville,
IL, 62026.

Contamination of soil and water with heavy metals is an important environmental concern. Phytoremediation,
the vegetation-enhanced remediation of soil and water, can be a cost-effective, environmentally sound clean¬
up technique. Woody species, such as pines, have dense biomass that would enhance the accumulation of
heavy metals per ground surface area. The seedlings of Pintis taeda (loblolly pine) were grown and treated
with cadmium to obtain two nominal levels of soil cadmium: control (0 ppm), and high level (8 ppm). The
objectives of this research were: 1) to determine the amount of metal accumulated by seedlings; and 2) to
determine if loblolly pines have the potential for phytoremediation of cadmium. Atomic Absorption Spectra
(Varian 10) was used to determine the amount of cadmium accumulated in the pine seedlings that have
survived the cadmium treatment. Results indicate that on an average, the needles of pines contain
approximately 5 times of the amount of metal present in control, while the stem accumulated 3 times, the
roots have accumulated 8 times and the soils have accumulated 1.5 times the amount of metal present in the
control «iamp1es

126

USING STABLE ISOTOPES TO EVALUATE EFFECTIVENESS OF A RLTER STRIP. C.L.
Coje, JJL.J, Houpis, jCA. Johnson and W.A. Retzlaff. Southem^llinois University Edwardsville!
Edwardsville. IL 62026. We identified the pattern of occurrence of natural stable isotope ratios
for two key elements, carbon and nitrogen, in soil and plant tissues within the Highland Silver
Lake watershed in Madison County. IL. A commercial hog feedlot releases effiuent through a
vegetative filter strip to a tributary of Highland Silver Lake. Soil and vegetation samples were
taken from the filter strip. Soil and tree core samples were taken from the tributary at the
outfall of the filter strip. Analysis of the samples showed a distinct Nitrogen signal present in
the pollutant source, the soil and vegetation of the filter strip, and in tree ring samples taken
frorn below the filter strip. The nitrogen signal in the soil and vegetation of the filter strip
dissipated with soil core depth and distance from the pollutant source. Tree cores taken at the
outfall of the filter strip showed the nitrogen signal while those from trees upstream of the
outfall did not. Using stable isotope techniques to evaluate long-term effectiveness of non-point
source pollution remediation for a vegetative strip provides the opportunity to understand the

extent of livestock pollution impact on water supplies and the potential for vegetative strips to
mitigate contamination.

127

IN VITRO ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE BY MACROLIDE
DRUGS. R. Childs. D. Bush. S. Knebel. J. Knolhoff. S. Khazaeli. D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois
University, Edwardsville 62026-1651.

Macrolide antibiotics are important munitions in the drug arsenal of “magic bullets” used to treat
upper respiratory as well as many other types of bacterial infections. We have been investigating
the ability of macrolides such as erythromycin Sigma, azithromycin Pfizer and clarithromycin
Abbott to influence murine phagocytic cell (neutrophil and macrophage) fungicidal activity.
Effects of both in vivo and in vitro drug exposure of phagocytes on their killing of yeasts were
examined and microbicidal activity often increased. These drugs were also found to effect organ
clearance of candidal yeasts given to mice intravenously, generally correlating with phagocytic
cell results. Such immune system enhancement perhaps offsets decreases in colonization
resistance in the host due to antibiotic-induced alteration of the normal bacterial flora. This work
was supported in part by the Max Baer Heart Fund, Fraternal Order of Eagles.

128

LINCOSAMIDE ANTIBIOTICS INFLUENCE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE.

C. McLaurin, S. Martinez. M. Rehkemper. S. Khazaeli, D.J. Kitz. Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, IL 62026-1651.

Numerous antimicrobial drugs including clindamycin and lincomycin Pharmacia-Upjohn are
known to be concentrated by host phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages). Once
intracellular these drugs can effect immune responses such as antigen presentation, chemotaxis
and antimicrobial- activity. We have been studying the exposure of phagocytic cells to
lincosamide drugs both in vivo and in vitro to determine their effects on killing Candida targets.
Phagocytes exposed to drug and yeasts simultaneously in vitro showed enhanced killing, while
effects on microbicidal activity of phagocytes exposed to drug prior to yeast exposure were less
clear. Drug effects on in vivo organ clearance of intravenously administered candidal yeasts
correlated well with in vitro enhancement of yeast killing. Perhaps these drug effects on host
immune response may reduce the occurrence or severity of opportunistic yeast infections. This
work was supported in part by the Max Baer Heart Fund, Fraternal Order of Eagles.

1 29

CAN THE INSECTICIDE, DICHLORVOS (DDVP), INDUCE MUTATIONS IN
ESCHERICHIA COU STRAIN K, COMMONLY FOUND IN THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE
TRACT? E A. Alton and S.A. McCommas. Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026.
We hypothesize that mutations can be induced in E. coli Strain K using DDVP. DDVP is an
alkylating agent, and alkylating agents are known to cause mutations in DNA in vitro. Methyl
Methanesulfonate (MMS) is another alkylating agent and known mutagen and is commonly used
as a reference compound by which to compare other alkylating agents for mutagenic activity. By
varying concentration of DDVP and MMS and length of exposure of E. coli to DDVP and MMS,
we can quantify the relationship between the dose of alkylating compound and rate of mutation.

130

NODULATION OF COMMON AND ENDANGERED LEGUMES BY SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN¬
FIXING BACTERIA PRESENT IN ILLINOIS PRAIRIE SOILS. S. B. Maroiisek. G. Pollard, and S. L.
Daniel. Eastern Illinois University Charleston, IL 61920. Little information is available on the interaction of
prairie legumes and their microbial symbionts or how this symbiosis impacts the competitiveness and survival
of leguminous plants in their native habitats. The goal of this project was to study root nodulation and the
microbial symbionts present in the nodules of endangered and common prairie legumes in Illinois. The seeds
of Astragalus crassicarpus (endangered in Illinois), Amorpha canescens, Lespecieza virginica, and
Petalostemum candidum were germinated in sterile potting soil in the greenhouse. Prairie soils collected from
sites in Illinois were used to inoculate the potting soil of seedlings. After 4-6 weeks, the root systems of each
plant were examined for nodules. All of the A. crassicarpus plants, as well as 1 of 3 plants of P. candidum^
developed nodules when inoculated with soil from Beaver Dam State Park. Bacteria present in soil from
Loxa Prairie did not nodulate A. crassicarpus, A. canescens, L. virgiuica. or P. candidunv, nodules were also
not formed by A. crassicarpus or P. candidum when exposed to soil from Green River Conservation Area.
Microbes in soil from Beaver Dam State Park did not nodulate A. canescens. These results indicate a high
degree of specificity among microbial symbionts present in prairie soils relative to host plant species.

131

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OXALATE, GLYOXYLATE AND GLYCOLATE IN THE
HUMAN GUT. C Brueck, M. Lehtinen, M. Flanagan. P. Bade, and S.L. Daniel. Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston, IL 61920. Kidney stones affect 10% of the U.S. population and can be painfully debilitating!
Oxalate and oxalate precursors (glyoxylate and glycolate) contribute to the synthesis of kidney stones. These
organic compounds are synthesized endogenously or are acquired through the diet of an individual. Fruits and
vegetables are foods that often contain a high concentration of oxalate and oxalate precursors. This study was
performed to determine if there are bacteria within the human gut that can degrade oxalate or oxalate
precursors. Fecal samples were collected from five subjects and added to an anaerobic enrichment medium
containing 10 niM o.xalate, glyo.xylate or glycolate. Fecal cultures were incubated at 37°C, and, during
incubation, substrate degradation was tracked via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
results after HPLC analysis showed that none of the subjects contained glycolate-degrading bacteria.
However, all of the subjects tested positive for glyoxylate degradation, and 40% of the subjects contained
o.xalate-degrad ing bacteria. These results indicate that anaerobic oxalate- and glyoxylate-degrading bacteria
are present in the human intestinal tract and that these bacteria may impact the formation of kidney stones.

132

antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from soil samples obtained

FROM A CATTLE PEN. S. Nandvala. E. Delanw and K. Keudell. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL
61455. The ability of pathogens to transfer between animals and humans is a concern among the medical
community. The objective of our study was to identify bacteria isolated from the soil from cattle pens and
determine the antibiotic susceptibility’ of these bacteria. Soil samples were collected and diluted. The diluted
samples were plated on nutrient agar, eosin methylene blue, and sorbitol-MacConkey agar. Colonies were
selected and the isolates characterized for morphology and Gram-stain reaction. Gram-negative bacteria were
identified with the Enterotube II system. Antibiotic susceptibility' was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc
susceptibility testing procedure and Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Most gram-negative isolates were Escherichia
coli, others identified were Enterobacter, Morganella, Klebsiella, and Salmonella. For gram-negative isolates,
81% were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, 3% were resistant to ciproflo.xacin, 0% resistant to
gentamicin, 39% resistant to tetracycline, and 3% resistant to amikacin. The results indicate that antibiotic
resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and tetracycline is common in bacteria that may be associated with
animals. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and amikacin was not prominent in our isolates. Our
previous studies have shown that resistance to tetracycline is prevalent in gram-negative bacteria from the
intestines of cattle while sensitivity to the other antibiotics was more common.

133

UTILIZATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY COLONIC BACTERIA.C.M. Miller-Fosmore'. S.M. Holt',
and G.L. Cote^ ‘Western Illinois University, Macomb, 61455 and “NCAUR, Peoria, 61604. Certain
oligosaccharides have been used as prebiotic dietary supplements to selectively stimulate the growth of
beneficial colonic bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In this study, thirteen bacterial species were
screened for growth on three oligosaccharide preparations synthesized from alternansucrase (asr; maltose and
raffinose acceptors, low mass alternan), and three commercial products (Benefiber, Fibersol-2, Neosugar).
Anaerobic growth was determined by ODooomn ^tcid production. Three lactobacilli strains tested displayed
no growth on most of the carbohydrates. L. casei showed growth on maltose acceptor and L. acidophilus
displayed growth on Neosugar. Growth of five bifidobacteria on the carbohydrates was variable and depended
on the species tested. B. adolesceniis and B. pseudocatenulatum displayed growth on the maltose and raffinose
acceptors. B. pseudi)catenulaium also displayed growth on low mass alternan. All the bifidobacteria! species
tested displayed growth on Neosugar. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron displayed growth on low mass alternan,
raffinose acceptor, and Neosugar. Clostridium perfringens displayed low or medium growth on all the
carbohydrates tested except for the raffinose acceptor. Enterobacter displayed growth on Neosugar. E. coli and
S. typhiniurium displayed no growth on any of the carbohydrates tested. In summary, five bifidobacterial
species displayed growth on asr-derived oligosaccharides and three other bacterial genera did not show growth.

134

IMPACT OF CARBON SOURCE ON GROWTH AND OXALATE BIOSYNTHESIS BY
SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT OF
SOYBEAN. J. Schweighart, T. Hatinen, N.C.Furumo, and S.L. Daniel. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston,
IL 61920. Sclerotinia stem rot is a serious yield-reducing soybean disease caused by the fungal pathogen S.
sclerotiorum. The ability of this fungus to infect soybeans and other crops appears to hinge on its ability to
produce oxalate. Presently, little is known about the synthesis of oxalate by this organism. The goal of this
project was to determirte the impact that carbon compounds have on growth and oxalate production by this
fungal pathogen. S. sclerotiorum Arg-L was grown at 25°C with shaking in an undefined medium (minerals,
0.1% yeast extract) containing 20 mM glucose and one of the following co-substrates (20 niM): acetate,
malate, succinate, glyo.xylate, pyruvate, or glycolate. Co-substrate concentrations were monitored by HPLC
while glucose was determined using an enzyme assay. Growth (dry weight of mycelia) was significantly
stimulated by the presence of malate or succinate whereas glycolate and pyruvate slightly repressed growth.
Oxalate production was greatest with malate followed by succinate or acetate as co-substrates. Glycolate and
pyruvate repressed oxalate synthesis. These results suggest that carbon sources regulate growth and oxalate
synthesis by S. sclerotiorum and that nutritional factors may impact the virulence of this fungal pathogen.

135

POTENTIAL RISKS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF ANTIBIOTIC
RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS. Matthew Gresk and James McGaughev. Eastern
Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920-3099. The incidence of pathogenic bacteria
demonstrating resistance to currently prescribed antibiotics is increasing. Of particular note are
Staphylococcus spp that historically show resistance to oxycillin a.k.a. methicillin. These
methicillin resistant staph (MRS) may show resistance to other prescribed antibiotics such as
vancomycin. The purpose of this study is to determine if final effluent from sewage treatment
plants contribute Staphylococcus spp. that demonstrate resistance to such antibiotics. Water
samples were taken from a treatment plant and sites upstream and downstream from the plant.
Heterotroph populations were estimated using PCA. Staphylococcus spp. were recovered using
membrane filtration and Mannitol Salt Agar. Suspected colonies of Staphylococcus were tested
for resistance to o.xycillin and vancomycin using the Kirby-Bauer method of antibiotic
susceptibility. Results suggest that 0.2-0. 5% of ^he total bacterial populations was composed of
Staphylococcus spp. The majority of the colonies were f.und to be resistant to o>yci!lin. To
date there have been no staphylococci that have demonstrated resistance to vancomycin.

136

FACTOR FROM KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS NRRL Y-8281 ENHANCES
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF OLEIC ACID TO 7,10-DIHIDRYOXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC
ACID BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGIONSA (WIU-JS). A. M. Kuhrts, J.-K. Huang. R. V. Gessngr,
and KC. Keudell. Western Illinois University. Macomb, Illinois 61455. Biotransformation of oleic
acid in a synergistic reaction between Pseudomonss derugionsB (WIU-JS) end Kluyveromycds
marxianus NRRL Y-8281 has previously been found to produce 7-hydroxy-8-octadec8noic acid
after 12 hours incubation and 7,10 dihydroxy-8 (E)-octadecenoic acid after 24 hours incubation.

It has been determined from thin layer chromatography that the substance in Kluyveromyces
marxianus NRRL Y-8281 that enhances the bioconversion of oleic acid in Pseudomonas
aerugionsa (WIU-JS) is not a protein since the activity still occurred after heat treatment. When
the whole cells were subjected to sonification, however, the activity did not take place. It has
been found that treatment with Tritone XI 00 and lysozyme is much more gentle in breaking up
the cells. Further tests can now be run with the addition of EDTA to see if the substance in
Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-8281 that enhances the bioconversion in Pseudomonas

aeruginosa (WIU-JS) is a cofactor.

137

THE UNITS CONVERTER. Y. Chen. M. Traverse. C. Harper. M. Quinn, and A. Lvie.
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, 1500 West Sullivan Road, Aurora, IL 60506.
The construction of an online units converter with detailed histories and explanations for
most units appears to be the first and only one of its kind. The units converter, which is
easily accessible via the Internet and free of charge, currently has over 200 units in 22
different categories, ranging from length and viscosity to capacitance and energy per
mass. It is accessed by thousands of users from around the world monthly, despite the
fact that it is not advertised. The units converter remains a continuing project that is
being improved upon constantly.

http.7/www.educationplus.com/LearningTools/UnitsConverter/framearray2.html

138

DOES THE FEMALE PINK-SPOTTED LADYBEETLE, COLEOMEGIU^ MACUL4 TA
FUSCIL4BRIS {COLEOPIERA: COCCINELLIDAEK UTILIZE A SEX PHEROMONE?

J R, Martin. M.W Robertson, and C S Tocpfer. Millikin Univcrsit>, Decatur. IL 62522.

We studied the possible role of sex pheromones in the female pink -spotted ladybcetle, Coleomegilla
maculata fucilahhs (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae). We tested for pheromone presence by using a senes of
behavioral and chemical assays. We subjected males to choice tests between C. maculata tmdMusca
domesiica pupae to determine whether males were more attracted to conspecific pupae, indicating the possible
role of a sex pheromone. We also subjected males to choice tests between virgin and non-virgin females to
determine whether males were more attracted to virgins than non-virgins. In addition, we performed
pheromone extraction techniques on female C. maculata and examined male behaviors (crawling, grooming,
and stationary activity ) in the presence of extracted materials versus a 95% ethanol control. Males do not show
a significant preference between C maculata and M. domestica pupae, nor do they show a preference between
virgin and non-virgin females. Additionally, males do not exhibit a significant difference in behaviors between
the ethanol control and the extracted matenal.

139

THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE lO MUL'I IPLE MALES DURING MAIING IN DROSOPHILA
MELANOGASTER. E.BlliiuiCl and J, Gtillim, Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522. Wc exanunct
whether female clutch size (delincd as the number of adult offspring produced) would differ i an
additional male was present in the female’s arena during courtship and copulation The contiol gioup
consisted of a mating pair copulating in the presence of one non-mating male, and the expci imenta gioup
consisted of an isolated mating pair. Females in the experiincntal group had a sipificantly lai gci clutch
size than females in the control group. Therefore, wc hypothesize that a physical or chemical interaction
between the second male and the first male and/or the female causes the clutch size to decrease.

140

FORAGING BEHAVIOR BY TENODERA ARIDIFOLIA SINENSIS (MANTODEA,
MANTIDAE) REARED UNDER HIGH AND LOW PREY DENSITIES. D, L. Lanckt^, B_T
Becker, and M. Robertson. Millikin University, Decatur, IL 62522. We observed timed reactions
to prey’items in laboratory-reared mantids, Tenodera ahdifolia sinensis, through the first instar to
adulthood. Tenodera aridifolia sinensis strikes at prey with a rapid thrust from their raptorial
forelegs. We collected data from nymphs in all instars. We raised nymphs under two diet
conditions; a low fed, prey-deprived treatment, and a high fed, prey-enhanced treatment. Prey-
deprived mantids had a significantly faster reaction time to prey and traveled less distance to
reach prey than high-fed mantids, indicating that mantids in nature may have faster reaction times
during periods of limited food availability. Mantids on a low feeding regime struck a vial
containing prey more frequently than mantids on a high feeding regime.

14 1

THE RICHNESS, DIVERSITY, AND ABUNDANCE OF ANURANS AT GREEN WING
ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY, AMBOY, ILLINOIS. S. B. Hager. Department of Biology,
Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201-2296. Amphibians are declining worldwide in both
abundance and diversity. Reasons for these trends are numerous and varied. Assessing declines are
difficult because of the paucity of baseline information on the basic population biology for many
amphibians. In 2000, I established a long-tenn monitoring study of the basic ecology of anurans at Green
Wing Environmental Laboratory (GWEL), a field station owned by Augustana College that is located in
northcentral Illinois. In 2000 and 2001, male breeding choruses were estimated from six aquatic sites at
GWEL. Species richness and Shannon diversity were similar between years except at Main Pond (site 2)
and Snapper Pond (site 5), where values were higher in 2001 than in 2000. Mean abundance for all six
anurans were not significantly different betu^een years. This baseline information will be used in
conjunction with future survey data to monitor yearly differences in anuran abundance and diversity at
GWEL.

142

LACK OF EVIDENCE FOR CHEMICALLY MEDIATED POND WATER DISCRIMINATION IN
PAINTED TURTLES (CHRYSEMYS PICTA). N. Smith, T. Haas, E. Woolsey, and S. B. Hager, Department
of Biology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201-2296. Homing behavior by turtles is thought to be
mediated, among other things, by chemical information in the environment. Recently, painted turtles
{Chrysemys picta) collected from a Michigan lake appeared to prefer the lake water from where they were
collected over water from other sources. Given that lakes and ponds vary in several biotic and abiotic factors,
we wondered if painted turtles found in ponds could discriminate among several different water sources. We
tested the hypothesis that painted turtles can recognize chemical cues from their home ponds and use these cues
to discriminate between home pond water tmd non-home pond water. I urtles were presented with a choice
between home pond water and distilled water, pond water without conspecifics, and pond water with
conspecifics. We found that turtles spent significantly more time in home pond water than in distilled water;
however, turtles failed to show this preference in the other three treatment combinations. Moreover, there were
no significant differences in final position for turtles at the end of each preference test. 1 hesc data suggest that
painted turtles from ponds cannot discriminate among home pond water and non-home pond water using
chemical cues. Alternatively, if painted turtles from ponds can discriminate among several pond water sources,
they do not prefer water from their home pond.

143

MOTHER-CUB RELATIONSHIPS IN POLAR BEARS {Ursus maritimus): THE SIGNIFICANCE OF
IMPRINTING. K. Eder and D.M. Jedlicka, The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago IL
60603. Polar bear females make excellent mothers. The purpose of this project was to prove that
imprinting between the female polar bear and her cubs is detrimental to the future development of a
mature polar bear. A polar bear mother and her cub were observed for a series of two hour intervals for
three days. Interactions were observed and recorded. Cubs need to learn to defend, kill for food, sniff
around (use their senses to find out about their surroundings), eventually fight for their mate and raise
their own cubs. At the end of this project, the results suggest that imprinting is such an important
experience for the cubs of this species that if left without these learned skills from their mother, they
would not be able to survive as adult bears.

144

FORAGING PREFERE'NCES IN THE RING -BILLED GULL {Larus delawarensis) WITH RESPECT
TO DISTANCE AND FOOD SIZE. E. Joanis and D.M. Jedlicka. The School of the Art Institute of
Chicago, Chicago II. 60603. This project was conducted on the eastern shores of Lake Michigan, near
the Ox Bow properties owned by the Art Institute of Chicago, Saugatuck, Michigan. The ring-billed gull
{Larus delawarensis) is the most common gull in Southwest Michigan. The shores of Oval Beach
allowed for the collecting of distance/food data in the absence of any other humans, with the exception of
the researcher. Three different sizes of wheat bread ( 0.5 g, 2.0 g and 5.9 g) were presented to the gulls.
The distance at which the bread was placed ranged from 0.5 m to 2.0 m, with 0.5 m increments in
between. The results were that almost all food sizes presented at the distance of 1 .0 m and farther were
accepted. The 5.8 g of wheat bread was always accepted at each distance except at 0.5 m where 27% was
not taken. The average percentage of young birds taking food was 77.5% . Young birds seem to
approach unknowns more than adult birds.

145

ART STUDENTS CAN COLLECT VALID FIELD DATA, WITH A FLARE! D.M. Jedlicka. The
School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago IE 60603. During an intense summer short course,
students from the Art Institute of Chicago collected valuable data for a sand dune-forest study. The study
site was located in Saugatuck, Michigan at the Art Institute’s off campus site “Ox Bow. Ox Bow is
approximately 100 acres of beach/dune/and dune forests. Interesting geological features were found
along with examples of classical dune succession (Cowles 1899, Poulson 1992). The class collected
seedling, sapling, and tree data using nested circular quadrats. Data were collected on dune tops and
bottoms. Individual projects were also conducted in order to illustrate the scientific method. Individual
projects included turtle location preferences, gull approach distance using foraging theory, house fly life
history, and fern locations with respect to moisture and shade. At the end of the session, an open house
allowed the students to exhibit what data, conclusions and specimens they had collected. The students
were not only capable in the field and lab but also extremely creative in their project approaches and
exhibitions.

146

INFLUENCE OF CYCLOMORPHOSIS IN CLADOCERAN ZOOPLANKTON ON
RELATIVE RATES OF PREDATION BY GAMBUSIA AFFINIS. B.A. Metzke and C.L.
Pederson. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920. Daphnia lumholtzi is an exotic species of
crustacean zooplankton that has spread north from Texas into Illinois. This species is unique because
of the extreme cyclomorphic features it displays throughout its life history, including elongated head
and tail spines. Daphnia pulex is a native species that is a common food for planktivorous fish in
Illinois. Gambusia is an important forage fish that does not undergo a niche shift and remains
planktivorous throughout it’s entire life. Based on research involving blue gill {Lepomis macrochirus),
we hypothesize that spines of D. lumholizi could decrease the ability of Gambusia to feed, and thus
also decrease the overall fitness of the fish. Data were collected in the laboratory by exposing the
Gambusia to prey communities consisting of D. lumholtzi and D. pulex either alone or in combination.
Our results are compared to previous studies on other planktivores, primarily centrarchids, that
undergo ontogenetic niche shifts. This research offers insight into the impact of introduced species on
native communities in aquatic systems throughout Illinois.

147

thf: rfffcts of distance to vegetation on bird abundance at feeders ITT

Horn, M. Abdallah, M. K. Bastian, J. R. DeMartini, and R. M. Wilhclmi, Aurora University, Aurora, IL
60506, VVlien predators are present, birds may be less likely to use teeders. Moreover, when given a choice,
birds should choose to visit feeders closest to cover in order to reduce both the probability of predation and
cneruetic costs associated with flight. We are examining the effects of distance to vegetation on bird
abundance at feeders. We predict that as distance of a feeder to the nearest tree or shrub increases, the
abundance of birds will decrease. The study will be conducted from January-March 2002 at four houses in
and around Aurora, Illinois. At each house, four feeders will be placed 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 m, respectively
away from the nearest tree or shrub. Two types of feeders, platform and silo, will be used during the study
and feeders will be filled with black-oil sunflower. Feeders will be monitored four times per week for 1.5
hours at a time. During each monitoring period, we will record the ma.ximum number of birds that visited
each of the four feeders. Results from our study will be presented at the meeting.

148

THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON SEED CHOICE BY BIRDS THAT USE FEEDERS.

Horn, G. W. Bell, D. N. Helm, S. E. Hoth, D. J. Johnson, E. V. Kingsbury, J. A. Kraft, J, M. Lelfheit, T. M,
Mikalauskas, J. D. Stubis, S. R. Sully, D. L. Swanson, and R. Turks, Aurora University, Aurora, IL 60506,
Previous studies have found that both decreasing temperature and snowfall lead to an increase in bird feeding
activity. These studies, however, have not examined whether seed choice by birds changes as weather
conditions change. We are examining how temperature influences seed choice by birds that use feeders. We
predict that as temperature decreases, birds will switch to a seed with a higher fat content so as to meet their
increased energetic demands. The study will be conducted from January-March 2002 at 12 houses in and
around Aurora, Illinois, At each house, four platform feeders will be placed 3 m apart from one another and
from surrounding vegetation. Feeders will be filled with one of four types of seed: black-oil sunflower, white
proso millet, whole peanuts, and peanut suet. Feeders will be monitored four times per week for 1 .5 hours at
a time. During each monitoring period, we will record the maximum number of birds that visited each of the
four types of feeders. Results from our study will be presented at the meeting.

149

EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON BIRD DISTRIBUTION IN AN ILLINOIS NATURE PRESERVE. V,
Hedrick and P. Brunkow, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Agriculture,
industrialization, and urbanization have fragmented Illinois forests for the past 150 years. Remnant forest
fragments are increasingly developed along their edges and are also subject to increasing use for recreational
pursuits by humans. As a result, native and migrant bird species diversity in Illinois has declined sharply, and
effective management of remaining forest preserves has become a priority. We report here preliminary results of
a study examining effects of human activity on bird distribution in the Carpenter Park Nature Preserve outside
Sprin^ield. Study plots were established in the preserve along a gradient of human use (hiking, biking, family
outings, etc.) and were visited for 30-minute periods during 5 sampling sessions Summer through Winter 2001.
Red-belly and downey woodpeckers, tufted titmouse, blue jay. Northern cardinal, indigo bunting and American
robins were commonly observed, several of whidh are primarily edge species. Interestingly, wood thrush,
cerulean warblers and Kentucky warblers, neotropical migrants previously confirmed to have bred within the
park, were not observed. Human activity within our plots varied with plot position in the expected fashion, but
there was no significant relationship between human activity and either bird species number or numbCT of
individuals observed. The preponderance of edge species observed to date, and the lack of a relationship
between human use and bird distribution, suggest that this nature preserve is impacted by human activity in such
a way that tmly interior forest habitat is not perceived by bird species in the region.

150

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SHELL AND FOOT MORPHOLOGY IN A FRESHWATER SNAIL. K,
Weiss, P. Brunkow and L. Bauer, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Plasticity
in development of shell shape is a hallmark of freshwater snails of the genus Physa. Shells can range from
relatively long and slender to more rotund in shape; such flexibility in shell design is an adi^ve response to
predator cues. In some habitats, snails are also subject to other forces such as flowing water, which a snail
resists by gripping the substrate with its muscular foot. This study examined the relationship between foot
morphology md shell mcaphology in Physa to determine if a potential trade-off exists between these two
characters in terms of avoiding predation and resisting the force of moving water. Snails were photographed
from below while crawling on a transparent substrate. Four shell charactCTS and two foot diaractos were
measured from each photograph. Length and surface area of the foot significantly increased with shell size and
aperature size, with aperature size goierally explaining more variatKMi in foot size. Relative width of the foot
increased significantly as snail size increased, suggesting that larger snails have more symmetrically sh^)cd feet
than smaller snails. Shell shape variables (shell aspect ratio and aperature aspect ratio) were not significantly
related to either surface area of foot or relative foot width. Thus, it appears that foot size and shape are
independent of shell shape, implying that changes in shell shape are not accompanied by compromises in foot

performance.

151

GENETIC VARIATION FOR PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN A FRESHWATER SNAIL. A. Manuel
and P. Brunkow. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL 62026. Changes in shell shape
in response to predator cues are well documented in freshwater snails of the genus Physa. Individuals will
develop relatively rotund shells in the presence of fish predator cues and will develop relatively slender
shells in the presence of crayfish cues. Previous studies have demonstrated that these responses are
adaptive as each shell shape lowers the risk of predation by fish or crayfish, respectively. In this study, we
raised replicate groups of full siblings (families) in the presence of either no predator cues or crayfish cues.
Shell shape was then compared between predator cue treatments among families as well as between each
group of siblings within families. Shells were significantly more slender in crayfish treatments, in accord
with prior studies. Mean difference in shell shape between no predator and predator treatments also
differed significantly between families, suggesting a high degree of genetic variation for phenotypic
plasticity in natural populations of this species. Importantly, plasticity of re^onse varied depentiing upon
which descriptor of shell shape was analyzed, and some famlies actually showed a response to the predator
cue opposite to what was predicted The possibility of determining the heritability of phenotypic plasticity
in this organism is also discussed.

152

THE STABELITY OF PIASA CREEK FISH ASSEMBLAGE. J.R. Kerfoot and J.F. Schaefer, Southern
Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026. A survey of the fishes of Piasa Creek, in Jersey, Madison, and
Macoupin counties, west central Illinois, was conducted in 1967 by Thomerson (1969). This survey
consisted of 3 1 sites and 4 1 collections over 1 year. No stream fish assemblage at any one place can remain
stable forever because biological communities are dynamic and fluctuating. Extensive agriculture practices
have arisen over the last few decades along Piasa Creek, and this study will address what impact this has had
on the assemblage over time. A second survey of the fish assemblage was conducted in the summer/fall of
2001. Collections were made at 25 of the original 31 sites. The changes in fish assemblages are important
because they can help to detect any anthropogenic effects on the river system, and also many concepts in
ecology rely on the idea that populations achieve stability or that aquatic communities operate in a regular
and predictable fashion. Also, in taking an inventory of the abundance of indicator species can help detect
changes in the overall system. Data sets like ours that detail changes in assemblages over periods of decades
are rare. My hypothesis is that due to anthropogenic changes to the drainage and land use practices changes
in assemblage have occurred.

100

153

THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE ON THE FISH COMMUNITY IN A MIDWESTERN DRAINAGE.
Funderburg. C..Zacha. S>and Schaefer. J. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, EL
62026.

Land use practices have been shown to affect fish community structure through inerted
sedimentation. Some of the mechanisms thought to be at work here are 1) changing food availability, 2)
habitat loss through substrate changes, 3) decreasing light penetration (increased turbidity) and primary
productivity and 4) decreased survival of larvae and eggs. The rate of siltation in many drainages has
increased steadily in the last 150 years as agricultural land use has increased. The Piasa Creek Watershed
covers over 78,000 acres in portions of Jersey, Madison and Macoupin counties. Much of this land is
agricultural. To investigate the effects of land use on stream ecosystems we examined fish community
structure, habitat complexity and the diet of a common cyprinid species (Creek Chub) at 21 sites in the
drainage. We hypothesize that sites impacted by agricultural land use (higher in sediment load) will have
different community structure, habitat availability and food availability.

154

THE USE OF BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS TO PREDICT PRIMARY BREEDING
FEMALES IN THE EUSOCIAL NAKED MOLE RAT. S.W. Margulis. Behavioral Research
Manager, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois, 60513, and J.L. Youngblood. Augustana College,
Rock Island, Illinois, 61201. Naked mole rats {Heterocephalus glaber) are eusocial mammals:
each colony is composed of a single reproductive female, or queen, multiple breeding males, and
numerous subordinate males and females are “workers.” Three colonies housed at the Brookfield
Zoo, Brookfield, IL, are atypical in that no primary breeding female has been established.
Previous research found that hormonal levels are weak indicators of breeding potential in female
naked mole rats (Margulis, 1994). As an alternative, behavioral measures may provide better
predictions about which female will most likely become queen. The three colonies were observed
for approximately two months, and state and event behaviors were measured for individuals of
both sexes that were considered potential breeders and non-breeders. Event behaviors, such as
ano-genital nuzzling and shoving, suggested that females Purple Rear, Purple Head, and Purple
Shoulders will become queen of their respective colonies. Future observations will test the
validity of behavioral measures to predict future queens since no colony has established a queen
at this time.

101

OFFICIALS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

April 2001 - April 2002

(As of December 200 1 )

Patricia W. Zimmerman, Executive Secretary
Illinois State Museum

502 S. Spring St., Springfield, Illinois 62706-5000
217/782-6436; FAX 782-1254
zimmerma@museum. state . il. us

OFFICERS

President: Linda K. Dybas, Knox College, Box 20, Galesburg 61401. Office: 309/341-7352;
FAX 309/341-7718; ldybas@knox.edu

President-Elect: Dennis J. Kitz, Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University
at Edwardsville, Edwardsville 62026- 1651. Office: 6 1 8/650-3004; FAX 6 1 8/650-3 1 74;
dkitz@siue.edu

Vice-President (for 2002 Meeting): William Retzlaff, Environmental Science Program, Box
1099, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville 62026-1651. 618/650-2728;
FAX 618/650-3174; wretzla@siue.edu.

Vice-Presidents (for 2003 Meeting):

Roger C. Anderson, Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal
61761. 309/692-3855; rcander@mail.ilstu.edu.

and

Dan Hagberg, Mathematics and Science Division, Heartland Community College, 1500 W.
Raab Rd., Normal 61761. 309/268-8662; dan.hagberg@hcc.ee. il.us.

*Secretary: Laurence E. Crofutt, 1020 Thirteenth St., Charleston 61920-2905. 217/345-5851;
cro futt@ad vant . net

^Treasurer: Andrew S. Methven, Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University,
600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-6241; FAX 217/581-7141;
cfasm@eiu.edu.

COUNCIL MEMBERS

Immediate Past-President: Walter J. Sundberg, Department of Plant Biology, M/C 6509,

Southern IllinoisUniversity at Carbondale, Carbondale 62901-6509. Office: 618/453-3212;
home: 618/684-6873; FAX: 618/453-3441; sundberg@plant.siu.edu

Immediate Past Vice-President: Dennis M. DeVolder, Department of Computer Science,
Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1415; Dennis_De Voider
@ccMail. wiu.edu

102

Editor {o{ Transactions): Teresa L. North, Division of Student Services, Western Illinois
University, 1 University Circle, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1814; TL-North@
wiu.edu; tlnlltj2@macomb.com

Museum Representative: Everett D. Cashatt, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections
Center, 101 1 E. Ash, Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-6689; cashatt@museum.state.il. us

COUNCILORS-AT-LARGE
Term to Expire 2002

John H. Becker, William Scholl College of Podiatric Medicine, 1001 N. Dearborn St., Chicago
60610-2856. Office: 312/280-2959; jbecker@scholl.edu

Janice M. Coons, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of
Illinois, 1025 Plant Sciences Lab, MC-634, 1201 S. Domer Dr., Urbana 618901. Office:
217/333-8505, FAX 217/244-3469; coons@uiuc.edu

Lee H. Tichenor, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb 61455-
1390. Office: 309/298-1479; mflht@wiu.edu.

Term to Expire 2003

Laurence E. Crofutt, 1020 Thirteenth St., Charleston 61920-2905. 217/345-5851;
cro futt@ad vant . net

Amrik S. Dhaliwal, Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago 60626. Office: 773/508-
3626.

Dianne M. Jedlicka, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Liberal Science Department, 1 12 S.
Michigan Ave., Chicago 60603-3103. Office: 312/345-3787; FAX 312/345-3789;
djedlicka@artic.edu.

Term to Expire 2004

Armando G. Amador, Eli Lilly & Co., D/C 5015, 1400 W. Raymond St., Indianapolis, IN 46221;
Office: 317/276-4955; aamador@yahoo.com

James R. Rastorfer, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S. King
Dr., Chicago 60628. Office: 773/995-2426; home: 708/748-3682; FAX 773/995-3759; j-
rastorfer@csu.edu

Robert J. Van Lanen, Department of Science/Chemistry, Saint Xavier University, 3700 W.

103rd. St., Chicago 60655. Office: 773/298-3525; FAX 773/779-9061; home: 708/

53 1 -0822; vanlanen@sxu.edu

DIVISION CHAIRS

Agriculture: Mari Loehrlein, Department of Agriculture, Western Illinois University, 1
University Circle, Macomb 61455; 309/298-1089; mari_loehrlein@yahoo.com

103

Anthropology and Archaeology: Bonnie W. Styles, Illinois State Museum Research and
Collections Center, 1011 E. Ash St., Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-7475; FAX
2 1 7/785-2857; styles@museum.state.il.us

Botany: Henry R. Owen, Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600
Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-6238; FAX 217/581-141; cfhro@eiu.edu

Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology: Howard E. Buhse, Jr., Department of Biological
Sciences, M/C 066, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago 60607-
7060. Office: 312/996-2997; FAX 312/413-2435; spasmin@uic.uic.edu

Chemistry: Michelle Fry, Department of Chemistry, Bradley University, Peoria 61625. Office:
309/677-3744; FAX 309/677-3023; mffy@himtop.bradley.edu

Computer Science: Dennis M. DeVolder, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois
University, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1415; Dennis_DeVolder@ccMaiI.wiu.edu

Earth Science: Vincent P. Gutowski, Department of Geology/Geography, Eastern Illinois
University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-3825; cf^g@eiu.edu

Engineering and Technology: C. J. Hatziadoniu, Department of Electrical Engineering, College
of Engineering and Technology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-6603.
Office: 618/453-7036; FAX 618/453-7972; hatz@siu.edu

Environmental Science: Kevin A. Johnson, Department of Chemistry, Box 1652, Southern
Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville 62026-1652. Office: 618/650-5934.

Health Sciences: Dennis J. Kitz, Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University,
Edwardsville 62026- 1651. Office: 6 1 8/650-3004; FAX 6 1 8/650-3 1 74; dkitz@siue.edu

Microbiology: Dara L. Wegman-Geedey, Department of Biology, Augustana College, 639
Thirty Eighth St., Rock Island 61201. Office: 309/794-3445; FAX 309/794-7722;
biwegman@augustana.edu.

Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy: Mathew Timm, Department of Mathematics, Bradley
University, 1501 W. Bradley St., Peoria 61625. Office: 309/677-2508; mtimm@bradley.
bradley.edu

Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education: James A. McGaughey, Department of
Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920.

Office: 217/581-2928; FAX: 217/581-7141; cgam@eiu.edu

Zoology: Robert U. Fischer, Jr., Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University,
600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston 61920. Office: 217/581-2817; FAX 217/581-7141 ;
cfruf@eiu.edu

CHAIRS OF STANDING COMMITTEES

#Budget: Lee H. Tichenor, Department of Computer Science, Western Illinois University,
Macomb 61455-1 390. Office: 309/298- 1479; mflht@wiu.edu

#Constitution and Bylaws:

104

#Fellows and Honorary Members: Dara 1.. Wegman-Geedey, Department of Biology, Augustana
College, 639 Thirty Eighth St., Rock Island 61201. Office: 309/794-3445; FAX 309/794-
7722.

#Meetings and Expositions:

#Membership:

#Nominations and Elections:

Harold M. Kaplan, Liberty Village, Apt. 1 12, 2950 Westridge PI., Carbondale 62901.
(School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.) Office: 618/453-1461 ;
home: 618/457-2707; hkaplan@som.siu.edu

and

James R. Rastorfer, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S.
King Dr., Chicago 60628. Office: 773/995-2426, home: 708/748-3682; FAX 773/995-
3759; j-rastorfer@csu.edu

#Research Grants: William Retzlaff, Environmental Studies Program, Southern Illinois University
Edwardsville, Edwardsville 62026- 1651. 61 8/650-2728; wretzla@siue.edu.

//Resolutions: Richard L. Leary, Illinois State Museum Research and Collections Center, 1011 E.
Ash, Springfield 62703. Office: 217/782-6633; leary@museum.state.il. us

#Science Talent Search:

//Science Education: Kevin C. Wise, Science/Environmental Education Center, Department of
Curriculum and Instruction, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-4610. Office:
618/453-4212; Dept.: 618/536-2441.

OTHER OFFICIALS

#AAAS and NAAS Delegate (2002-2005): Teresa L. North, Division of Student Services,
Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb 61455. Office: 309/298-1814;
TL-North@wiu.edu; tin 1 ltj2@macomb.com

//Book Review Editor: James R. Rastorfer, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State
University, 9501 S. King Dr., Chicago 60628. Office: 773/995-2426, home: 708/748-
3682; FAX 773/995-3759; j-rastorfer@csu.edu

//Webmaster: Armando G. Amador, Eli Lilly & Co., D/C 5015, 1400 W. Raymond St., Indian¬
apolis, IN 46221; aamador@yahoo.com

FUTURE MEETINGS

April 19-20, 2002: 94‘^ Annual Meeting, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville
April 4-5, 2003: 95‘^ Annual Meeting, Illinois State University, Normal

*Denotes position to be filled by election effective Spring 2002.
//Denotes presidential appointments.

105

ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
April 19-20, 2002
Annual Meeting Registration Form
(Please type or print)

Name: _

Affiliation;

Last

First

Mailing Address: _

Street

Membership

Status:

City State Zip Code

Regular Member: _ Student Member: _ Under 21? Y N

Honorary Member: _ Life Member: _

Emeritus Member: _ Non-Member: _

Non-Member Guest - Host School Student (SlUE): _ Under 21? Y N

(ID card required; paper and poster sessions attendance only)

Non-Member Guest - Other _

(Meals only; must be with a registered member)

Name of accompanying registered member: _

Registration Fees:

(Note: This form may be photocopied if more than one registration is submitted)

(t = Ticket required; menus on reverse) No. Price Total

ISAS Members 1 (On site $60.00)

ISAS Student Members 1 (On site $30.00)

Non-Member 1, 2 (On Site $105.00)

Non-Member Student 1, 2 (On Site $52.50)

Non-Member Guest-SIUE student (see status above)
Non-Member Guest-Other (see status above)

Visitor Parking (required)

Contribution to Illinois Academy of Science
Contribution to ISAS Student Grants Program

,@$50.00 $.

,@$25.00 $,

,@$95.00 $,

,@$47.50 $,

,@ NC $,

@ NC $,

@ $2.00 $

1 - Includes Reception 2 - Includes Academy Membership

Academy Luncheon- ISAS Members

Academy Luncheon- Non-Member Guests (see above)
Academy Banquet- ISAS Members

Academy Banquet- Non-Member Guest (see above)
Reception - Non-Member Guest (see above)

Choice of Banquet Entree; Beef

(2),$ 10.00
(2).$ 12.00

(2),$ 19.00

(2).$21.00

(a).$8.00

Chicken

Vegetarian

TOTAL (Payment must accompany form):

Registration forms must be received by the Academy no

later than March 28, 2002.

Please make checks payable to the ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.

Send to:

Illinois State Academy of Science

Illinois State Museum

Telephone; (217) 782-6436

Springfield, IF 62706

Fax: (217) 782-1254

(Do not write below this line)

NO: Date:

Received of:

Amount Paid: $ _ _ — -

For the Academy

2002 Annual Meeting, Illinois State Academy of Science

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