TRANSACTIONS
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY
OF GLASGOW
(INCLUDING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY).
VOL. VIII. (New SeErtes.)
1905-1908.
With ONE PLATE.
GLASGOW.: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
AT ITS ROOMS, 207 BATH STREET.
RAY, 19)1,
PRINTED BY
Ronert ANpeRsON, 142 West Nite Srreer ~
Guascow.
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS— PAGE
Notes on the Pelagic Fauna observed off the West Coast of
Arran during the months of ee and ie 1905.
By J. Graham Kerr, - - - - - 1
Notes on certain Specimens of General Felicia lent
exhibited. By J. Graham Kerr (Plate I.), - : - 5
The Diptera of Clyde (Second List). By Robert Henderson, - 7
Appleringie, Artemisia 28 agrees: Linn. Dis R. 8. Wishart,
M.A., - - - - 22
Occurrence of Gonactinia prolifera, Sars in the ‘Firth of Clyde.
By E. S. Russell, - - - - - - 27
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon the Weather during
the Year 1905, with its General Effects upon Vegetation.
. By James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow, - 30
On the Occurrence of Idothea neglecta, G. O. Sars, and Idothea
viridis (Slabber), within the Clyde Sea Area, and some
Notes on other pas aia of Idothea. jee Alexander
Patience, - - - - 42
The Waders of Balmee. By Robert Raton: - - - - 46
A Campbeltown Palm-lily (Cordyline australis). By Rev. David
Landsborough, LL.D., - - 60
Nesting Dates of some of the Waders (Charadriide). By J on
Robertson, - - : 62
Some Notes on the Distribution ot the Clyde Cheats. By
Alexander Patience, - - - - - - 64
Note on the Occurrence of Saztfraga oppositifolia, L., the
Purple Mountain Saxifrage, on the Sea-coast of apt ad
Alex. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., - - 71
On the Occurrence of Gohins orca, Collett, within the Clyde Sea
Area. By Alexander Patience, - - - - 74
Little Stint (Zringa ae at Cech Raccoa die ae John
Robertson, - - 76
The Common Sandpiper shag otanus hypolencus. oe “Jat
as Robertson, - - - ele
On some Terrestrial A new to the Clyde auenal rede and
some Notes on the Distribution of the Rarer Species. By
Alexander Patience, - - - - - - - - 80
Reports ON ExcuRsions—
Hunterston and I’airlie, — - - - - - - . 86
Garscube, - . : - : : - - - - - 87
Johnstone Castle, - - : : : . 88
Doonholm, Auchendrane, and Doonside : : : ; : 88
Harelaw Dam, - - 2 = : < : A 94
lv CONTENTS.
Reports on Excurstons—continued. PAGE
Blackshaw, : : = : : : : O4
Gareloch,- - : . - - . - - : 95
Mountstuart, Bute, - : : - - 96
Glengarnock Castle and Taylan, - - : - - 97
Sorn, - - : : : s : 99
Milngavie and Staathblates : - - - 100 |
Glen Douglas to Whistlefield, — - : : - - - 100
PROCEEDINGS—
Zygnema stellinum, Vauch., in Zygospore, from Arran, - =~ L02
Annual Business Meeting (Session 1905-1906), Reports, and
Election of Office-Bearers, - - - - - : - 108
Remarks on a Grey Plover (Syuatarola helvetica) from Fairlie,
with Note of Occurrences of the as in mires: By ' )
Robert Wilson, - - - 104
Albino Wheatear, Blackbird, Tree: Pipit, a Fubmar Paral - 10d
A pair of Lapland Buntings (Calcarias Ee) from the
Fair Isle, - = 106
A Hybrid between a Black Grouse ena a Red Grote ‘yen
Kintyre, - 106 .
Note on the Gunes at Gibspew of sate Black Roastart a
(Ruticilla titys), an addition to the Birds of the Clyde Area.
By John Paterson, - - - - : = 106
Notes on Occurrences of the Green Sandpiper ( Totanus dhaer Opus)
within the Clyde Area. By John Robertson, — - - - 106
A Hybrid between a Capercaillie and Blackcock, — - - - 107
Neckera pumila, Hedw., from Strachur and St. Catherines
(Loch Fyne) and Daljarroch (South Ayrshire), - - - 107
Liodes castanea, Herbst., and other Coleoptera, from Rannoch, 108
Stenolophus plagiatus, Gorham, from near Gourock, - = - 108
Dicraneliu schreberi (Sw.), Schp., var. elaca, Schp., from near
Pinmore, Ayrshire, - - - - - - - - 108
On some Household Flies. By Robert Henderson, - “ - 109
Death of James Barclay Murdoch of Capelrig, - - : =e iia)
Lathrea squamaria and Aicidium elatinum from Doonholm, Ayr, 110
Sium erectum from near Abington, - - - - - - 110 .
Cornus suecica from Ben Vorlich, Dumbartonshire, - - Pee kta
Notes on Agaricus (Psalivta) echinatus, Roth, from Kibble
Palace. By William Stewart, - - - - - =
Medicago denticulata, Willd., from Cardross, - - - - i
Abstract Statement of Accounts, Session 1904-1908, - - - 13
TRANSACTIONS—
On the Occurrence of the Rock-Samphire, Crithmum maritimun,
L., and the Marsh Helleborine Orchis, Zpipuctis palustris,
Crantz, on the West of Scotland. a Alex. eee
B.se., F.L.S., - - 115
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS—continued,
Microfungi observed in Islay. By D. A. Boyd, . - -
Meteorological Notes, and Remarks upon the Weather during
the Year 1906, with its General Effects upon Vegetation.
By James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow, -
With the Cryptogamic age a of Scotland at thai By
D. A. Boyd, - - - - =
List of Pycnogonida collected in the Clyde ioe By Richard
Elmhirst, F.L.S., - - - - - -
Sclerotinia baccarum, Tete! and its Alves: By D. A. Boyd, -
Some Observations on the oe Family Phoride. By
J. R. Malloch, - - - - - - - -
The Diptera of Clyde (Third List). By R. Henderson, - -
Autumn and Winter Bird-Life of the Fairlie Shore. bes Robert
W..S. Wilson, - - -
Notes on Leaf-sections of Polytr ase By Sin R. ‘iat -
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon the Weather during
the Year 1907, with its General Effects upon Vegetation.
By James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow,
Notes on the Birds petacnine Elder Park, Govan. ie William
Rennie, - . -
Bryum Duvalii, Voit., in Eamashcbue: By D.: A. Roca
Occurrence of the Water Betony (Scrovhularia aquatica, L ) in
Islay. By Thomas F. Gilmour, L.R.C.P.Ed.,
List of Bute Plants. By J. Ballantyne,
In Memoriam.—Alexander Somerville, B.Se., F, iL SES
Auchendrane and its Trees. By John Renwick, - -
Notes on Richardson’s Skua (Stercorarius crevidatus, Gm.).
By Robert W. 8. Wilson, - - - - - - -
On Two New Forms of Carex. By Peter Ewing, F.L.S., -
ReErorts ON Excursions—
Dalry to Fairlie, -
Hawkhead, -
Torrance (Kast Kilbr oy
South Bute,
Lochwinnoch,
a@f-alderwood Glen,
Cartland Crags, -
Loch Riddon,
Auchans and Dundonald,
Auchendrane,- - - -
Monkland and rae -
Dalry, -
Finlayston, - - - * : = : s
Glen Douglas, - - : : : 5 .
Montgreenan, - 4- - - - Z : . :
vi
CONTENTS.
Reports ON Excurstons—continued.
Craigends, - - .
Erskine, — - : : : : : - - -
Dunure,
Calder Glen (Lochwinnoeh),
Arran, - - -
Campsie Glen, -
Balmaha to Rowardennan, -
Braidwood to Tillietudlem,
Rosneath, - - - -
Ben Vorlich (Dumbartonshire),
Dougalston and Bardowie, - -
SUPPLEMENTARY RKueport on Mossrs, Hmparics, AND MICROFUNGI
OBSERVED AT EXCURSIONS, - - - - - . -
PROCEEDINGS—
Bristalis eneus, Scopoli, a Dipteron from Islay, - - : -
Annual Business Meeting (Session 1906-1907), Reports, and
Election of Office-Bearers, - - - - - - -
Grey Lag-Goose (Anser cinereus, Meyer) and Grey Plover
(Squatarola helvetica, L.) from Fairlie, and Rough-legged
Buzzard (Buteo jagopus, Gmelin) from Langbank, - -
Exhibition of Lantern-slides, — - - - - - - -
Remarks on the Geckinide. By Dr. T. Beath Henderson, -
The Tree-Sparrow (Passer montanus, L.) in Bute, — - - -
Tabanus sudeticus, Zeller, and other Diptera from Bute, - -
On the Occurrence in Bute of Piezodorus lituratus, Fab., a
Hemipteron new to the Clyde Area. By Alexander Ross, -
On the Sphere of Work of Marine Biological Stations. By
Professor J. Graham Kerr, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.Z.8., - -
Lecture on ‘‘ A Naturalist in South America.” By Professor J.
Graham Kerr, F.RB.S., F.L.8., F.Z.S., - - - -
Proposed Representative Council of Local Natural History
Societies, - : : E = - - -
Heart-leaved Twayblade (Daxter alee Br.) from Shalloch-
on-Minnoch Moor, Ayrshire, - - : - - :
Habrodon Notarisi, Schp., a rare Moss, from Bute, - - -
n ‘‘ Plankton.” By Edward J. Bles, B.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., -
Report by Delegate to Clyde Naturalists’ Representative Council,
On Bombylius major, U., a Dipteron from Loch Riddon. By
Alexander Ross, - - : - - - - -
Occurrence at Glasgow of Chelifer ee ia (L.), a ‘‘ False
Scorpion” new to Scotland, - : - - : - .
On Linotenia maritima (Latr.), and Polyxenus lagur us, L., two
Myriapods from Rough Island, Solway. By Robert Godfrey,
Death of Alexander Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.8., late President, -
bo bo
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a4 7
aus
OE es
CONTENTS. vii
PROCEEDINGS—continued. PAGE
On the Genus Silybura. By Dr. T. Beath Henderson, - = - S34
On Didea aineti, Fallén, a rare Dipteron from Loch Lomond,
with Remarks on its Previous British Records. By
Alexander Ross, - - - : - - = . 234
Ranunculus auricomus, L., from Tavelocia Ochiltree, - - 985
Poa Chaizii, Vill., from Sincuteain. - - - - - 285
Abstract Statement of. Accounts— Session 1905-1906, - : - 286
Death of Rev. John Fergusson, LL.D, Fearn, Brechin, - - 287
Occurrence at Finlayston of Amblystegium fluviatile, B. and S., a
Moss new to Vice-County 76, and at Montgreenan of Otidea
leporina (Batsch) Fckl., a Fungus new to the Clyde Area, - 287
La Lautaret and its Plant Life. By Dr. Robert Brown, - - 287
Annual Business Meeting (Session 1907- sisi TT and
Election of Office-Bearers, - - - - - 290
Report on Meeting of the British Association at Leite By
Peter Ewing, F.L.S., - - - - - 292
Remarks on Bitis gabonica, D. and B., as B. nasicornis, Shaw,
two Species of Puff-adder from Sree =x Dr. T. Beath
Henderson, - - - - - - - - 292
Occurrence of the Glossy Ibis (Plegadis Falesabliacs, L.) near
Kilmarnock, : - - - - 292
Water Betony \Serigaulari aquatica, L.) cos iy : - - 292
Nesting of the Pied Ab ear (Muscicapa vathe. ai L.) at
Glendoune, Girvan, - - - 293
On the Occurrence near Port Ellen, Islay, of "Frisialis pa
chralis, L., with Notes on English and Scottish Records of
the Species. By Alexander Ross, - = - 293
Occurrence of Meta menardi (Latr.), Crithmum maritimum, a
Beta maritima, L., and Ahnfeltia ie Fries, on the
Carrick Coast of Ayrshire, - - - 294
On the Present Position of the Local Collections i in the caus.
grove Museum. By Peter Macnair, F.R.S.E., F. G Ses ee
Death of Lord Kelvin, - - : : - 295
On the Occurrence of the Cave Spider (Meta cadena sane
near Dunure, Ayrshire. By John Smith, - - 296
Exhibition of Lautern-slides, = - - 296
Death of Dr. Alexander Frew and E. A. sis Batters, LL. B.,
B.A., F.L.S., - - - 297
Notes on Phoride and ta pie By J. R. Malloch, - 297
Occurrence of Petromyzon marinus, L., at arma and
| Centrina salviani, Risso, in the North Sea, - - 298
Lecture on the Pycnogonida, or Sea- — vid ites
Leonard A. L. King, M.A., - - 298
Proposed Public Exhibition of the ‘caascn Wild- Hosere of
the District, : : 4 - 299
Vili CONTENTS.
PROCEEDINGS—continued.
PAGE
Black-necked Grebe (Podicepes nigricoliis, C. L. ky from
Helensburgh, - - 299
Great Grey Shrike (Lanius beatae L. ) ast pet - 300
Notes on the Glass-rope Bpnee (Hy poker padi Gray),
By Alexander Ross, - 300
King Hider Duck (Somateria Resa L.) from near Tapsant 301
Occurrence of ome eneus, L., at Glen Callum Bay, South
Bute, - - - 301
On the Fish Fauna of the Tiyer ‘iin Taba of Lesmahagow.
By Peter Macnair, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., - - 301
On Recent Additions to the Diptera of the pou Faunal ree
By Robert Henderson, - - - 302
Remarks on a Nightjar insaniigite europeus, L.) from Car-
donald. By Robert W. 8. Wilson, - : - - - 303
Remarks on the Occurrence of Bembdidiwm quadriguttatum, F.,
at Fairlie ; Nofoxus monoceros, L., at Monkton ; and Leiopus
nebulosus, L., between Craigallion and Blanefield; with
Notes on previous Scottish Records of these Colpo
By John E. Murphy and Alexander Ross, - - - 304
Miecrothamnion Kiitzingianum, Niig., from Ailsa Craig ; Spiro-
tenia condensata, Bréb., from Balmaha; and Desmidium
Swartzii (?), Ag., from Miiisearie: : - : - - 305
Abstract Statement of Accounts—Session 1906-1907, - - - 306
InpicEs—
General Index, - . . : . : : : - -) SOF
Topographical Index, - - - - : : ; : -- 310
Index to Names of Contributors, &c., -, »ols
= Popular Names, - ; : ‘ - (390
_ Scientific Names, Zoology, - - - - § 323
” ” ” Botany A - = - < 5 329
TitLe, ConTENTS, AND WRRATA FoR Vou. VIII., - - - Appendix
ERRATA.
Page 97, line 13, for Musciapu read Muscicapa.
OSM oda. xy Ses SSN ts
99, 5, 4, 5, Kilbowie .. Kilbirnie.
102, ., 14, ,, Zygnema :, Zygnema.
> LOT e455 eEerrogonium . Pterogonium.
», 108, ,, 20, ;, Seychelles », seychelles.
,, 110, ., 15, ,, Drynyia hanata ,, Drymia hamata.
<5, LBD; “oeeean sar euler lee 5, Lucilie.
1870 (558) LG aes ete » wing.
er
PRESENTED (?
29 SEP 1911
BO Vk 0
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY
OF GLASGOW
(INCLUDING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY).
VOL. VIII. (New SERIES.) PART IL.
1905-1906.
GLASGOW : PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
AT ITS ROOMS, 207 BATH STREET.
MARCH, 1908.
$$$
oe eS ee
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY
OF GLASGOW
(INCLUDING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY).
VOL. VIII. (New Sertiss.) PART I.
1905-1906.
With OnE PLATE.
GLASGOW: PUBLISHED BY T.!F SOCIETY
AT ITS ROOMS, 207 BATH STI #27,
MARCH, 1908.
Printap By ‘en
Ropert Anperson, 142 West Nive Srreer,
Grascow. ;
——————————e rere eee
CONTENTS.
TRANSACTIONS— PAGE
Note on the Pelagic Fauna observed off the West Coast of Arran
during the months of August and September, 1905. By J.
Graham Kerr, - - - - - - - - - l
Notes on certain specimens of General Zoological Interest
exhibited. By J. Graham Kerr (PI. I.), - : - -
The Diptera of Clyde (Second List). By Robert Henderson, - 7
Appleringie, Artemisia Abrotonum, Linn. By R. S. Wishart,
M.A., - - - - - - - - - - - 22
Occurrence of Gonactinia prolifera, Sars, in the Firth of oe
By E. S. Russell, - - - : - - 27
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon the Weather pie the
year 1905, with its General Effects upon Vegetation. By
James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow, - - 30
On the Occurrence of /dothea neglecta, G. O. Sars, and Jdothea
Viridis (Slabber), within the Clyde Sea Area, and some Notes
on other Clyde Species of Idothea. By Alexander Patience, 42
The Waders of Solway. By Robert Service, — - - - - 46
A Campbeltown Palm-lily (Cordyline australis). By Rev. David
Landsborough, LL.D., - - - - - 60
Nesting Dates of some of the Waders (Charadride, = John
Robertson, - - - - - 62
Some Notes on the Distribution of thre Ciyae Crangoide. by
Alexander Patience, - - - - - 64
Note on the Occurrence of Saxifraga oppositifolia, L., the —_
Mountain Saxifrage, on the Sea-coast of Islay. By Alex.
Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., - - - - : 71
On the Occurrence of Gobdius orca, Collett, within the Clyde Sea
Area. By Alexander Patience, - - : - - 74
Little Stint (7ringa Re at Balgray Recinae. By ie
Robertson, - - - - 76
The Common Sandpiper (Totanus caponees By fi: Robert-
son, - - - - - - - - V7
On some Terrestrial Isopods new to the Clyde Faunal ied and
some Notes on the Distribution of the rarer Species. By
Alexander Patience, = - - - - “ : : : 80
REPORTS ON ExcCURSIONS—
Hunterston and Fairlie, - - - - - - - : 86
Garscube, - : - = : : 4 e . 2 4 87
Johnstone Castle, - - = 5 2 : 5 ; aa ae
Doonholm, Auchendrane, and Doonside,_— - : - = ; 88
Harelaw Dam, - - - - - : : 3 2 Z 94
Blackshaw, - - : : : - = : : 94
Ly; CONTENTS
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS—continied. PAGE
Gareloch, - 5 E : : dé é 4 ; : : 95
Mountstuart, - = - = : 2 : 96
Glengarnock Castle ait Ladylan, - - - - - - 97
Sorn, - - - : 2 2 : 2 99
Milngavie and Strathblane, - - - : - - - - 100
Glen Douglas to Whistlefield, — - - - - - - - 100
PROCEEDINGS—
Zygnema stellinum, Vauch., in Zygospore, from Arran. By Robert
Garry, B.Sc., : - - : - - - - 102
Annual Business Meeting, Reports, and Election of Office-bearers, 103
Grey Plover (Sguatarola helvetica) from Fairlie, Ayr, with Note of
Occurrences in Clyde. By Robert Wilson, - - : - 105
Albino Wheatear, Blackbird, and Fulmar Petrel. By M‘Culloch
& Sons, - - : - - - - - - 105
Hybrid between Black Grouse (¢) and Red Grouse ( 9 ) from
Kintyre. By Chas. Kirk, - : 106
Black Redstart (Ruticzl/a ftitys) at Glasgow. An een ee to He
Birds of ‘‘ Clyde,” - - - : - - 106
Green Sandpiper ( 7ofanus Pees ae Garscadden, Dumbarton-
shire, with Note on the Occurrences of the Species in
‘Clyde.” By John Robertson, - : - : - 107
Neckera pumila, Hedw., from Strachur and St. Catherines (ioe
Fyne) and Daljarrock (South Ayr), and Petrogonium gracile,
Sw., from Largs and Little Cumbrae. By D. A. Boyd, - 107
Coleoptera from Rannoch—Ziodes castanea, Herbst., Cetonia
floricola, Herbst., Thanasimus formicarius, Linn., Acan-
thocinus edtlis, Linn., Lamia textor, Linn., and Pissodes pint,
Linn. ; also Stevolophus plagiatus, Gorham, from Gourock.
Exhibited by Anderson Fergusson, - - - - - 108
Dicranella schreberi (Sw.), Schp., var. e/ata, Schp., from Pinmore,
Ayrshire. By D. A Boyd, - - - - - - - 108
“On Some Household Flies.” Report of Paper by Robert
Henderson, - - - - - - . - : - 109
Lathrea Squamaria, L., from Doonholm, Ayr. By Richard
Mikay, 95 = 9)gel oe toe en a Oe
‘Witches Broom,” M£czdium elatinum, on Silver Fir, from
Doonholm, Ayr. By Richard M‘Kay, - - - - - 110
Sium erectum, Huds., from near Abington, - - - - - 110
Cornus suecica, L., from Ben Vorlich, Dumbartonshire. By John
R. Lee, - - - - - - - - - - til
Agaricus (Psaliota) echinatus, Roth, from the Kibble Palace. By
Wm. Stewart, - - - - - - - - - dll
Medicago denticulata, Willd., from Cardross. By Miss"Zamorska, 112
Abstract Statement of Accounts—Session, 1904-1905, - - - 13
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
Aatural Pistory Society of Glasgow.
Note on the Pelagic Fauna observed off the West
Coast of Arran during the Months of August and
September, 1905.
By J. Granam KeErR.
[Read 30th January, 1906. ]
Tue Pelagic Fauna of the Firth of Clyde has probably attracted
the attention of a greater number of distinguished investigators
than that of any other portion of the seas adjoining the British
Islands. Yet it is remarkable how small is the volume of
published records as compared with the volume of research
which has been done. When the working zoologist seeks for
information, say, as to the particular localities and the particular
times of year at which he may expect to be able to obtain larval
or other developmental stages of even the most important forms,
he finds his task in great part a fruitless one. It is greatly
to be hoped that the authorities of the Millport Marine Station
may be able before long to undertake and publish the results
of a systematic faunistic survey of the Firth of Clyde, giving
accurate details as regards localities and dates. In the mean-
time it is of importance that individual observers of the Clyde
2 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
plankton should record their observations, however scanty, so
that they may be available for future workers. It is on this
account that I venture to offer to the Society some short notes
upon plankton observed during the months of August and Sep-
tember last off the village of Blackwaterfoot, Arran. I may
explain that my object in carrying out these observations was not
to look for new species or to collect any great variety of forms,
but to investigate the occurrence, and to obtain supplies of
properly preserved laboratory material, of forms—especially
larval forms—of recognised general importance to the zoologist.
The net used was a surface one of the standard size used by
E. T. Browne, and composed of bolting silk of sixty meshes to
the inch.
Protozoa AND ComLenTerata.—As larval forms were the chief
objects of investigation, little attention was paid to the above
mentioned Phyla. It should be mentioned, however, that Acan-
thometrid Radiolarians occurred occasionally in the surface
waters.
Of Medusz the two commonest forms during August were
Phialidium temporarium, Browne, and Sarsia gemmifera, Forbes,
the latter frequently with numerous daughter Medusz budding
off from the elongated manubrium, and most frequently with the
umbrella turned inside out. Such colonies, as they may be
termed, of Medusoid individuals have a wonderfully suggestive
appearance in connection with the possible mode of evolution of
the highly specialised pelagic colonies so characteristic of the
Siphonophore. It seems quite possible that the pneumatophore,
or float at the top of the Siphonophore, may have evolved directly
from the reversed umbrella of the Medusoid ancestor.
About the middle of September the beautiful Tiara pileata
(Forsk.) became numerous, the specimens mostly being adults
with well-developed gonads.
Nemertea. — Pilidium appeared on only two occasions — on
18th August and 18th September.
PotycHarra.—As was to be expected, there was a considerable
variety of larval forms of Polychaete worms. Two attracted
special attention. These were the wonderful larva of Chaetop-
terus, with its characteristic mesotrochal arrangement of cilia,
PELAGIC FAUNA OFF THE WEST COAST OF ARRAN. 5:
and an exquisite trochophore larva—a typical “ Loven’s Larva.”
This latter attracted attention at once by its conspicuous differ-
ence from the Mediterranean Polygordius larva described by
Hatschek, in the fact that the trunk region developed within
the body of the larva, as described by Woltereck for the North
Sea type of Polygordius. I have submitted a specimen to Prof.
Woltereck, who is our chief authority on the larva of Poly-
gordius, and he assures me that the Blackwaterfoot larva belongs
to the North Sea form, Polygordius lacteus. The Polygordius
trochophores were got in large numbers at the surface on 25th
September, with a light northerly breeze off the land. They
were first got on 18th September.
Mirraris.—This interesting form, which is stated by Watson to
be the larva of Owenia filiformis, D.Ch., appeared in the tow-net
on 6th September. The specimen obtained appears to come closest
to M. skifera, Hacker, which was obtained by the Plankton
Expedition in the Atlantic, about 200 miles west of the Hebrides.
It differs, however, from this “ species” in that the chief chaetae
have sharper points, and that the needle-shaped chaetae are much
longer.
It should be noted that, although Mitraria is not included
in the British Association fauna list, it was obtained by Claparéde*
in September, 1859, in Lamlash Bay. The specimen obtained
by Claparéde differs considerably from the Blackwaterfoot speci-
men, and would probably be looked on by describers of Mitraria
as a different species; but it appears very inadvisable to accord
specific rank to such larvae as these until we are acquainted
with their life-history, and with the changes which take place
in their characters during development.
Besides various Spionid and other larval Polychaetes, various
adult forms of pelagic habit appeared from time to time in the
tow-net.
Tomopteris occurred on various occasions, especially about the
middle of September. The sexual individuals of Awtolytus
prolifer, both male (“Polybostrichus”) and female (“Sac-
conereis ”), occurred occasionally along with those of at least
two other species of Awtolytus. Amongst these should be
* Zeits. wiss. Zool. Bd. X. s. 407.
4 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
mentioned a peculiar female differing from A. prolifer in its
more elongated form (forty-five segments), but more conspicuously
in the fact that it carries its eggs, not in a single rounded mass,
but in a number—eight in the one specimen obtained. I have
not, so far, succeeded in identifying this satisfactorily.
Towards the end of September, headless sexual portions of
large Syllids were observed swimming about at the surface, dis-
charging their gametes.
Motivusca.—Only two molluscan larvae call for special mention.
The first of these is the beautiful veliger of the nudibranch
Aegires punctilucens (d’Orb.),* with large bilobed velum, which
hangs down on each side, so as to give it a Pilidium-like appear-
ance. This was got only on one occasion—on 29th August.
Lame“Larta. — A beautiful Echinospiroid pelagic larva, with
large glassy shell, was obtained on 29th August. Dr. Paul
Pelseneer recognised the specimen at once as the larva of
Lamellaria. As Z. perspicua (Linn.) occurs on the Clyde, the
larva in question is in all probability to be referred to this
species. “
Ecatroprerm Larvan.—Four- different, larval forms of Echino-
derms were conspicuous in the surfacé fauna. By far the most
abundant was the Ophiopluteus larva of Ophiothrix fragilis
(Abilg.), which occurred in large numbers on various occasions
during September. Plutei of Hcehinus occurred in numbers on |
10th August, but were only seen occasionally on other dates.
The magnificent pluteus of Spatangus purpureus appeared ir-
regularly in small numbers.
Besides these, occasional barrel-shaped larvae of Synapta and
other Holothurians appeared.
Potyzoa.— The well-known Cyphonautes type of larva fre
quently occurred in large numbers near the shore. It is note-
worthy that the Cyphonautes was not the familiar C’. compressus
—now known to be the larva of the common Polyzoon Mem-
branipora pilosa—but C. schneideri, Lohmann, which was
* Mr. Bles informs me that he succeeded, in 1894, in company with Mr.
Garstang, in tracing the development of this larva into the adult.
VAAL VO IY
‘| aLvig
CSN) INA TOA ‘MODSVIDH ‘00g “LSIH LYN ‘SNVUY
SPECIMENS OF GENERAL ZOOLOGICAL INTEREST. 5
described by Schneider* in 1869, and whose adult form is not
yet definitely determined.
PuoronipEA.—Actinotrocha occurred frequently in the surface
net during both August and September. On 16th August, in a
flat calm, several specimens were got in the tow-net in the act
of metamorphosing. On 10th August two young but completely
metamorphosed specimens of Phoronis, each contained in a
membranous tube, with sand grains attached to its surface,
were obtained in the surface net. As the specimens were
entangled in small masses of an Ectocarpus-like Alga, their
occurrence at the surface was doubtless accidental. Although
in habit these young specimens, with their free membranous
tubes with adherent sand grains, agree with the Mediterranean
P. psammophila rather than with P. hippocrepia, it would be
rash to assert definitely that they do not belong to the latter
species.
Tornaria appeared only once in the surface net—on 10th
August.
Tunicata.—The surface waters were frequently swarming with
Appendicularians. Although the individuals varied greatly ac-
cording to state of maturity or degeneration, all the specimens
carefully examined appeared to be the common Ovzkopleura
dioica, Fol.
Notes on certain Specimens of General Zoological
Interest exhibited.
By J. Grawam KeERp.
[Read 30th January, 1906. ]
Tue following interesting zoological specimens have recently come
into my hands, and are destined to be placed in the zoological
collection of the University of Glasgow :—
1. Megaptera longimana, Gray.— The first specimen is a
foetus—apparently the smallest so far recorded—of the Humpback
* Arch, mikr. Anat. Bd. V. The larva in question is here mentioned as
“* Zweite Species.”
6 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Whale which had been presented by His Excellency Sir William
MacGregor, K.C.M.G., Governor of Newfoundland. The foetus
measured 190 mm. in length, measured along the curved dorsal
surface from tip of head to tip of tail. The specimen, which is
represented on Plate I., showed, among other interesting features,
a well-developed anal fin, the existence of which in whales had
recently* been called in question, although already indicated for
the young of this species in a figure by G. O. Sars.t A series
of microscopic sections through onehalf of the lower jaw
demonstrated the presence of a series of fourteen tooth germs.
Sections through the palate showed a uniform coating of
epithelium without any indications of approaching “ whale-bone ”
formation.
2. Amongst other objects exhibited were specimens of remark-
able balls of hair from the uterus of a fur seal (probably Otaria
ursina), and pointing to the occurrence of a particularly well-
developed /anugo in this form.
3. Pennella balaenopterae, Kor. and Dan. — There were ex-
hibited several specimens of this gigantic Copepod, which lives
as a parasite on whales. The specimens measured about 250 mm.
in length, exclusive of the egg strings. They had also been
obtained by Sir William MacGregor, and had been “ attached to
the host near the line of junction of the dark back with the
white belly, and projected about two inches by the narrow
end into the blubber; the parasites were numerous.” Almost
synchronously with the arrival of these specimens there appeared
a memoir upon the structure of Pennella balaenopterae, by Sir
William Turner, based upon specimens from Shetland, and about
the same time, I am informed, specimens were obtained by the
Cambridge Museum of Zoology. In view of Sir William Turner’s
full description, it does not seem necessary to describe the
specimens of Pennella. The specimens exhibited were all
females, the male, which is probably of relatively small size,
not having been observed.
*Beddard. A Book of Whales, 1900, p. 13.
+Sars. fFortsalte Bidrag til Kundskaben om vore Bardehvaler, Tab. 3,
Forh. Selsk, Christian. 1880.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 7
4. Cephalodiscus nigrescens, Lank.—A fragment of this mag-
nificent species of Cephalodiscus was exhibited. The only
specimens known were obtained by the “ Discovery,” and they
have been described by Lankester.
5. Phoroms australis, Hasw.— This is the largest species
known of the interesting genus Phoronis. It has been described
by Haswell from the Australian coast.
6. Specimens of the remarkable pelagic larvae (Leptocephalus)
of the conger and of the common eel. Along with the larva
of the common eel was shown a specimen which had just com-
pleted its metamorphosis into the elver or young eel, which is
so frequently seen making its way up our fresh-water streams
from the sea.
7. Glossina palpalis, Rob. Desv., one of the “Tsetses” of
tropical Africa. This species has recently become notorious by
its having been proved to be the intermediary in carrying the
Trypanosoma of sleeping sickness from one human being to
another. The fact of this fly being viviparous, the young being
born in an advanced stage of development, places great, pro-
bably insurmountable, difficulty in the way of carrying out a
war of extermination against the insect, even within limited
areas.
The Diptera of Clyde (Sreconp Lis).
By Rosert HEenperson.
[Read 27th March, 1906.]
Following the plan adopted in my former paper (Zrans. Nat.
Hist. Soc. Glas., Vol. VIl. (New Series), Part-II, pp. 148-154),
I have distinguished thus (*) the species not given in Mr. P. H.
Grimshaw’s list (Fauna and Flora, c&c., of Clyde, 1901), and the
species so distinguished in my former contribution are, in the
list given below, marked thus (**) wherever their occurrence in
other localities is recorded.
8 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Classification and nomenclature.— Verrall : ‘“ List of British
Diptera,” 1901, with a few exceptions, and “ List of British
Dolichopodide, with Tables and Notes,’ Ent. Mo. Mag., Vol.
XL., pp. 164-245, and Vol. XLI., pp. 50-252.
Bibliography.—I had intended to note here the various papers,
chiefly those in the foreign Transuctions belonging to the Society
and kept in the Mitchell Library, Glasgow, which I had
consulted for the determination of species, but this has been
rendered superfluous by the acquisition of the Katalog der Pald-
arktischen Dipteren, Budapest, 1903, in four volumes, of which the
three published volumes are now in the Society’s library. The
Katalog is both a synonymic list and a key to the literature of
Diptera down to Ist October, 1903.
Abbreviations.—These are as in my former paper quoted above.
Mr. John R. Malloch has been good enough to send to me for
inspection or identification a number of flies collected by him
during the past season, and to him are due the records given
below as “ Bonhill,” too numerous to be distinguished otherwise,
among them being twenty-seven additions to the Clyde list.
Fam. BIBIoNIDmé.
Dilophus femoratus, Mg., - -
albipennis, Mg., - - June. Cartland Crags; Hawk-
head Est. ; Cambuslang.
The synonymy is given on the authority of the Katalog der
Pal. Dipt. The 3 3 of my specimens have the legs
entirely black, the stigma very faint; and the 9 9,
taken at the same time and place, have the fore coxze
entirely, and all the femora more or less, red; the stigma
blackish-brown.
Bibio pomone, F., - - - July—August. Tarbert ; Col-
intraive ; Holy Loch; Gare-
letter Point ; L. Long.
B. leucopterus, Mg., - - - May—June. Erskine; Bowl-
ing; Gorge of Avon; Bonhill.
*B. nigriwentris, Hal., — - - June. Cambuslang; Cartland
Crags.
*B. varipes, Mg., — - - - August. Bonhill.
B. laniger, Mg., - - - May—June. Gen. dist.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 9
B. Johannis, L., - - - May. F. and C. Canal; Kil-
bowie ; Mill Pin., Cadder.
B. lacteipennis, Ztt., - - June. Cambuslang; Possil M. ;
Lenzie.
Fam. LIMNoBID&.
Dicranomyia aquosa, Verr. - Puck’s Glen; Wood near Loch
Eck (A.R.) ; Tarbert (A.R.).
Geranomyia unicolor, Hal., - Common at Tarbert, July, 1904
(A.R.).
Chilotrichia imbuta, Mg., - June—July. Common locally.
Blairmore ; Ardentinny ;
Hawkhead Est.; Cambus-
lang.
* Volophilus ater, Mg, - - Common at Helensburgh Moor,
. 9th May, 1903 (J.J. F. X.
King).
Dactylolabis sp.? — - - - May. This occurs freely every
year at Gorge of Avon.
*Epiphragma picta, F., - - About two dozen specimens
were taken on 24th June,
1905, Gorge of Avon (R.H.
and A.R.).
Attention was called to the species
by its vertical flight, rising and
falling after the manner of the
Trichocere.
*Limnophila subtincta, Ztt., - One g, 2nd June, 1902 (J. E.
Murphy); one ¢, 2nd June,
1904 (R.H.), Possil M.
*Limnophila sepium, Verr., - July. Common at the mouth
of the R. Echaig, left bank ;
also taken at Blairmore.
* Anisomera equalis, Lw., - One g, 3lst July, 1903; one
6; 6th July, 1905, Glen
Massan.
10 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
A. Burmeisteri, Lw., - - This species was recorded in
my list (Fauna and Flora of
Clyde, 1901) as A. vittata,
Mg., which is a synonym. I
add Inch Moan, L. Lomond,
to the localities already re-
corded. The species is com-
mon locally, but is given in
italics in Verrall’s list.
Amalopis occulta, Mg., — - - Two $6, 24th May, 1902,
Gorge of Avon; one ¢, 6th
July, 1905, Glen Massan.
Fam. TIPuLiIp&.
*Pachyrrhina imperialis, Mg.,- Gen. dist. The form which
occurs in this district is P.
scalaris, Mg., but I had over-
looked the synonymy.
*Tipula pictipennis, Steeg., - One 6, Strathblane, 19th July,
1899 (the late Geo. W. Ord) ;
one ¢, Blairmore, 12th July,
1901. On 14th May, 1903,
some larve were found in
loose soil under trees at Cart-
land Crags. These were bred,
' and from them were obtained
three ¢ ¢ and three 9? 9,
which emerged between 3rd
and 26th June (A.R. and
R.H.); Tarbert, July, 1904
(A.R.). Apparently new to
Britain.
*T. pabulina, Mg., - - - One ¢ and two 9? 9 seen on
road from Furnace to Crarae,
30th May, 1901, but only one
@ secured ; one ¢, Loch Rid-
den, 31st May, 1901.
*T. excisa, Schum., - 3 - One @, Glen Massan, 2nd July,
1905.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 11
Fam. RHYPHID.
Rhyphus punctatus, F., - - May—August. Gen. dist., but
not so common as &. fene-
stralis, Mg.
Fam. STRATIOMYID2.
* Vemotelus nigrinus, Fln., - One ¢, Murroch Glen, 19th
July, 1902.
*Oxycera pugmea, Fln., - - One ¢, 22nd July, 1903, Bon-
hill.
*O. [muscaria, F., var. ?] - - One ¢, 19th July, 1902, Mur-
roch Glen.
*Sargus flavipes, Mg., — - - One 9, 17th August, 1899,
Fort Matilda, Gourock.
S. cuprarius, L., - - August. Troon; Possil M.
(J.E.M.).
*S. iridatus, Scop., - - - One 92, 3rd Aug., 1902, Stepps
Wood.
Michrochrysa polita, L., - - June—Sept. Stepps Wood ;
Bonhill ; Possil M. (J.E.M.).
M. flavicornis, Mg.,. - - - One ¢, 20th June, 1904, Bon-
hill.
*M. cyaneiventris, Ztt., - - June—July. Loch Eck; Cadd.
Wild. (J.E.M.). In the Kad.
der Pal. Dipt. this is given as
a synonym of J, flavicornis,
Mg.
Beris vailata, Forst., : - June—July. Loch Eck; Possil
M.; Bonhill.
B. chalybeata, Forst., - - May—June. Gen. dist.
B. fuscipes, Mg., — - - - Two ¢ 6, 24th July, 1902,
Possil M.; one ¢, 27th July,
1902, Mill Pln., Cadder.
*B. Morrisii, Dale, - - - One 9, 14th August, 1900,
Carmyle.
12 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Fam.
Tabanus sudeticus, Zlr., - -
*Chrysops cecutiens, L.,
C. relicta, Meg., - - -
TABANIDE.
July. Not uncommonin Argyle-
shire and Dumbartonshire.
June. F. and C. Canal Bank,
Cadder ; Hawkhead Est.
June—July. Not uncommon
about Holy Loch and Glen
Massan.
Fam. Leprip®.
Leptis notata, Mg.,
L. tringaria, L.,
*Z. lineola, F.,
Atheria ibis. F., : . -
Symphoromyia crassicornis, Pz.,
*Spania nigra, Mg., - - -
May—June. Hawkhead Est.
Not uncommon.
July—Sept. C. and gen. dist.
July—Sept. C. and gen. dist.
One ¢, Gorge of Avon, 25th
May, 1901.
One ¢, Glen Fruin, 17th June,
1905 (J.R.M.).
One ¢ , Bonhill, 10th June, 1905.
Fam. ASILIDA.
* Leptogaster guttiventris, Ztt., -
Dioctria Remnhardi, W., -
Isopogon brevirostris, Mg., ——-
Philonicus albiceps, Mg., - -
June—July. Troon. Not
common.
One 2, Troon, 9th Aug., 1900
(W. Adam).
One ¢, Rowardennan,
June, 1901.
August. Troon. Not common.
15th
Fam. THEREVIDA.
*Thereva nobilitata, F.. - -
T. annulata, F., - -
One ¢, two,? 9, 23rd June,
1900. ‘Troon.
June—Aug. Troon. Not un-
common,
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. io
Fam. EmMpiIp2.
Hybos grossipes, L., - -
*H, femoratus, Miill., -
Hubos, sp.t— - - -
*Cyrtoma nigra, Mg.,
C. spuria, Fln.,
Rhamphomyia nigrives, F.,
R. sulcata, Fln., - -
*R. cinerascens, Mg.,
*R. spinipes, Fln., - -
*R. dentipes, Ztt.. - -
*R. tenwirostris, Fln., -
*R. anomalinennis, Ztt., -
*R. plumipes, Fin., - -
R. flava, Fln., - - -
Empis opaca, F., — -
*F. borealis, L., 5 e
E. punctata, Mg., - 3
July—Sept. Gen. dist.
July—Aug. Gen. dist.
June—Aug. Holy L.; Troon;
Stepps Wood; Luss Glen;
Glen Massan.
This may be the species recorded in
the Brit. Ass. Handbook list as
A. culiciformis, F.
June—July. Holy Loch ; Glen
Massan ; Inch Tavannach.
June —August. Cambuslang ;
Langbank; Helensburgh ;
Stepps Wood.
May—June. Maurroch Glen ;
Cambuslang ; Hawkhead Est.;
Bowling.
May—June. Gen. dist.
May—June, Gen. dist,
Aug.—Sept. Gartloch; Dou-
galston (North) Wood ; Bon-
hill.
May. Bonhill (¢este Mr. P. H.
Grimshaw).
Arran (Mr. Carter) (teste Mr. F.
C. Adams, in 2nt. Mo. Mag.,
Vol. XLEI, p: 94).
May —June. Helensburgh ;
Bonhill.
June. Murroch Glen; Helens-
burgh.
July—August. Clober Dam ;
Glen Massan; Murroch Glen;
Holy L.; Ardentinny.
June. Monkd. Cl.
May. Bonhill.
May — June. Cambuslang ;
Milngavie.
14 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
E. bilineata, Lw., - :
E. scutellata, Curt., -
*F. brunneipennis, Mg.,
*E. pennaria, Fin., - -
*E. chioptera, Fln., - =
*F, lepidopus, Mg., - s
* 7. grisea, ¥In., -
*Hilaru spinimana, Ztt.—
ctilipes, Mg., -
*H. pilosa, Ztt., -
H. interstincta, Fln.,
H. maura, F., - é Fe
*H. manicata, Mg., -
*H. canescens, Ztt., - 2
*H, litorea, Fin., _ - :
*H. lurida, Fin., — - -
*H, flava, Schin., — -
*Oreogeton flavipes, Mg., -
*Trichina flavipes, Mg., -
June. Lenzie; Eaglesham ;
Possil M.
One ¢, 8th June, 1904, Cam-
buslang; one ¢, 11th June,
1904, South Bar; one ? , 23rd
July, 1899, Cadder Wild.
3 4 ¢, 9th June, 1903. Possil
M.
June. Possil M.; South Bar ;
Cambuslang ; Bowling ; Bon-
hill.
May. Sandbank ; Gorge of
Avon; Bonhill.
One ¢, 27th May, 1905, Sand-
bank.
June—July. Castlemilk; Holy
Loch.
June—July. Blairmore ; Row-
ardennan ; Bonhill.
May—July. Possil M.; Arden-
tinny ; Cambuslang; Holy L.
June. Murroch Glen; Frank-
field L.
May—June. C. and gen. dist.
June—Sept. Finnich Glen;
Holy L.; Stepps Wd.; Dal- -
marnock,
4 6g, 15th July, 1902, Cam-
buslang.
July. Blairmore ; Bonhill.
July. Blairmore ; Holy L.
June—July. Blairmore ; Cam-
buslang ; Gorge of Avon ;
Holy L.; Glen Lean. 7'his
is not in Verrall’s list.
July. Holy L.; Cambuslang.
2 9 9, 30th Sept., 1905, West
Ferry Wood, Langbank.
———— ee t—S
~~
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 15
*Ocydromia glabricula, Fln.,
* Heleodromia stagnalis, Hai.,
*H. fontinalis, Hal., -
Hemerodromia precatoria, Fin, -
*Ardoptera irrorata, Fin.,-
Gloma fuscipennis, Mg., -
*Trichopeza longicornis, Mg.,
Tachypeza nubila, Mg., -
*Tachydromia longicornis, Mg.
*T. agilis, Mg., - -
*T. flavipes, F., . -
*T', bicolor, F., - - -
’
May—Sept. Gen. dist.
May. Bonhill.
Feb. and Noy. Cathkin Quarry.
June—Sept. Bardowie L.;
Glen Massan; Ardentinny ;
Bonhill.
June. Bonhill.
June—July. Hawkhead Est. 5
Gorge of Avon; Puck’s Glen ;
Bonhill.
June — July. Ardentinny ;
Gorge of Avon ; Holy L.
July and Sept. Stepps Wood ;
Bardowie L. ; Holy L.
May—June. Possil M.; Bon-
hill.
June. Possil M.; Hawkhead
Est. ; Northfield Moor.
June. Possil M.
June. Possil M.
Fam. Do.icHopopip2.
Psilopus platypterus, F., -
*P. Wiedemanni, Fln., -
Dolichopus atratus, Mg., -
*D. picipes, Mg.,_—-
D. lepidus, Steg. - -
D. atripes, Mg., = :
D. vitripennis, Mg., - -
D, discifer, Stann., - 5
D. plumipes, Scop., -
D. pennatus, Mg., - -
June—July. Holy L.; Blair-
more; Murroch Glen; Mill
Pln., Cadder.
August. Troon.
June—July. PossilM.; Holy L,
June—July. Holy L.: Bonhill.
One ¢, 11th June, 1905, Frank-
field L.
June—August. Gen. dist.
July—Aug. Holy L.; Helens-
burgh ; Loch Eck.
July. Strone; Loch Eck; Blair-
more; Arrochar; Holy L. ;
Murroch Glen.
June—July. C. and gen. dist.
June—July. Ardentinny; Bon-
hill.
16 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
D. popularis, Wied., : -
*D. signatus, Mg., - : -
D. urbanus, Mg. - .
D. trivialis, Hal. - 2 z
*D. festivus, Hal. - - :
*D. griseipennis, Stan., - -
D. nubilus, Mg., - - -
D. simplex, Mg., - - -
*D. brevipennis, Mg., - -
*D. runestris, Hal., -
* Hercostomus nigripennis, Fln., -
* Hypovhyllus obscurellus, Fln., -
Gymnopternus cupreus, Flin., -
*G. celer, Mg., - - - .
G. erosus, Fln., - - -
*Chrysotus cilipes, Mg., - .
*C’. pulchellus, Kow., - -
*C. gramimeus, Fln., - -
Argyra diaphana, F., -
A. leucocephala, Mg., - -
A, argyria, Mg., - : -
A. argentina, Mg., - - -
*A. confinis, Ztt., — - -
*Thrypticus bellus, Lw., -
*Porphyrons spinicoxa, Lw. -
#: p) b>]
*P. rivalis, Lw., - .
*P. natula, Radd.,
*P. crassipes, Mg., - - -
ales
consobrina, Ztt., - :
June—July. Gen. dist.
June—July. Murroch Glen ;
Ardentinny ; Holy L.
July. Luss Glen; Ardentinny ;
Glen Massan.
June—July. Gen. dist.
July. Bonhill.
July—Aug. Bonhill.
July. Holy L.
June—July. Gen. dist.
June. Troon.
July. Murroch Glen.
July. Luss Glen; Troon.
August. Murroch Glen.
June—July. OC. and gen. dist.
July. Bonhill,
June—Aug. OC. and gen. dist.
July. Bonhill.
July. Bonhill.
July—Aug. Gorge of Avon ;
Holy L.; Bonhill.
May—June. Murroch Glen ;
Clober Dam ; Erskine.
June—August. Gen. dist.
July—Aug. Glen Massan ;
Holy L. ; Murroch Glen.
July—August. Gen. dist.
June—July. Bonhill.
2 9, Ist July, 1905.
Est., Kilmun.
June and Aug.
South Bar.
June. Hawkhead Est.; Erskine.
June. Hawkhead Est.; Erskine.
May—June. Mill Pln., Cadder;
Hawkhead Est. ;
Erskine.
266, 19, 3rd June, 1905;
Bowling.
Benmore
Cambuslang ;
Bowling ;
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE.
*P, micans, Mg.,_ - s =
P. riparia, Mg, - - .
Xiphandrium monotrichum, Lw.,
X. appendiculatum, Ztt., - -
X. fissum, Lw.,- - - -
*Syntormon tarsatus, Fln., !
S. pallipes, F., - - : -
S. sulcipes, Mg., - : :
Medeterus apicalis, Ztt.,
* Hydrophorus bisetus, Lw., :
*Ziancalus virens, Scop., - =
*Campsicnemus scambus, Fln., -
C. curvipes, Fln.,— - : :
*C’. loripes, Hal., — - 3 é
*Teucophorus spinigerellus, Ztt.,
Sympycnus annulipes, Mg., -
* Aphrosylus celtiber, Hal., -
17
June. Bonhill.
June. Murroch Glen.
July. Bonhill.
June—Sept. Bonhill.
May—June. Bonhill.
July. Blairmore; Holy L.
June—Sept. Gen. dist.
June. Murroch Glen.
July. Bonhill,
July. Holy L.
May—Sept. Frankfield L. ;
Gorge of Avon; Bonhill.
Mr. Malloch took a ? on 6th
January last while sweeping.
Aug.—Sept. Gorge of Avon;
Bishop L. ; Bonhill.
C. and gen. dist. Occurs at all
seasons.
July—Sept. Bishop L.; Bon-
hill.
August. Murroch Glen.
July—Aug. Holy L.; Blair-
more ; Bonhill.
July. Holy L.
Fam. LoNcHOPTERIDZ.
*Lonchoptera punctum, Mg.,— -
*Z. flavicauda, Mg., - - -
*ZI. lacustris, Mg., - 5 :
*Zonchoptera, sp.? - “
Sept. Possil M.
Aug.—Sept. Gorge of Avon ;
Possil M.
Jan.—MayandSept. Gen. dist.
March —May and Sept. Cadd.
Wild. ; Calderwood Glen ;
Dougalston (North) Wood,
&e. I take this to be the
species recorded now and
again as L. trilineata, Ztt.,
but am doubtful about its
identity.
18
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Fam. PLATYPEZID.
*Opetia nigra, Mg., - -
*Callimyia amena, Mg., -
** Platypeza atra, Mg., -
- Aug.—Sept. Hawkhead Est. ;
Bonhill.
- One 2, 3rd Sept, 1905, Stepps
Wood.
- OneQ, 22nd July, 1905, Bon-
hill.
Fam. PIPUNCULID&.
*Chalarus spurius, Fln., -
*Verrallia aucta, Fin. -
** Pipunculus campestris, Ltr.,
*P. confusus, Verr., - -
*P. hemorrhoidalis, Ztt., -
*P. xanthopus, Thoms., -
*Pipizella virens, F., :
P. flavitarsis, Mg., - -
**Pipiza noctiluca, L., -
**P, bimaculata, Mg., —-
*Onemedon vitripennis, Mg.,
*Chrysogaster splendens, Mg.,
*C, Macquarti, Lw., - -
Chilosia sparsa, Lw.,
**Q, pulchripes, Lw., -
C. variabilis, Pz, = - :
*C. honesta, Rnd. - -
*C. vulpina, Mg.,_ - -
C. intonsa, Lw.,
*C. grossa, Fln., 2 =
*C. albipila, Mg.,_ - -
C. albitarsis, Mg.,_ - -
C. fraterna, Mg. - -
**0, Bergenstammi, Beck.,
- July—Aug. Bonhill.
- July. Benmore Est. ; Bonhill.
- June—Aug. Holy L.; Mur-
roch Glen; Glen Massan ;
Helensburgh.
June. Bonhill.
- June. Inch Moan.
- August. Helensburgh.
. SYRPHIDS.
- June. Helensburgh.
- July. Bonhill.
- June. Erskine; Bonhill.
- June. Erskine.
- One ¢, 24th June, 1905. Gorge
of Avon.
- June—August. Bonhill.
One ¢, 26thJune, 1904. Hawk-
head Est.
- May. Gorge of Avon,
- June. Bonhill.
- June. Erskine.
- May—June. Bonhill.
- May. Gorge of Avon.
- August. Possil M.
- One ¢, April, 1904. Bonhill.
May—June. Bonhill.
- June. Cambuslang.
May. Bonhill,
- August. Bonhill.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE.
* Platychirus tarsalis, Schum,
Melanostoma scalare, F., -
* Melangyna quadrimaculata, Verr., April.
** Ischyrosyrphus glaucius, L.,
I. laternarius, Miill., -
** Syrphus albostriatus, Fln.,
**§. tricinctus, Fln., -
**S. venustus, Mg., -
**S. lunulatus, Mg., -
S. annulatus, Ztt., - -
**§. lineola, Ztt., — - “
**§. vittiger, Ztt., - -
S. latifasciatus, Mcq., -
S. luniger, Mg., :
**S. bifasciatus, F., - -
S. cinctellus, Ztt.. - :
S. cinctus, Fln., =
**8. auricollis, Mg.—
var. maculicornis, Ztt.,
S. punctulatus, Verr., -
**S. guttatus, Fln., - :
S. compositarum, Verr., -
*§. lasiophthalmus, Ztt., -
S. arcticus, Ztt., - 4
Sphegina clunipes, Fln., -
Ascia podagrica, F., - -
** Helophilus trivittatus, F.,
H. hybridus, Lw., -
*H, transfugus, L., - -
19
April—May. Bonhill (teste Mr.
P. H. Grimshaw).
May—Sept. Gen. dist.
Bonhill.
August. Clober Dam.
Sept. Bonhill.
June—July. Hawkhead; Ben-
more Est.
May. Cadder Wild.
June. Erskine.
June—Sept. Bonhill.
June. Bonhill.
May. Bonhill.
June. Bonhill.
August. Helensburgh M.
May—Sept. Gen. dist.
May—Aug. Hawkhead Est. ;
Clober Dam; Holy L.
May. Gorge of Avon.
June—July. Gorge of Avon ;
Bonhill.
Sept. Helensburgh (B.H.).
May. Hawkhead Est. ; South
Bar ; Cadder Wild.
June—July. Strone; com. in
garden at Bonhill.
Aug.—Sept. Bonhill.
April. Murroch Glen.
May—August. Cadd. Wild. ;
Erskine ; Bonhill.
July. Puck’s Glen.
June. Castlemilk; Frankfield
Loch.
One 2, 12th July, 1905. Holy
Loch.
August. Bonhill.
One 2, 19thJune, 1904. Frank-
field Loch,
20 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
* Merodon equestris, F,—
var. narcissi, F., — - - June. Bonhill.
*Criorrhina berderina, F., - June. Bonhill; Helensburgh
(teste Mr. Malloch).
Xylota segnis, L., — - : - June. Gorge of Avon.
*X. sylvarum, L., - - - June—July. Hawkhead Est. ;
Bonhill.
*X. florum, F., - - - July. Ardentinny.
Sericomyia lappona, L., - - June—July. Benmore Est. ;
Erskine(A.R.); Helensburgh
(B.H.); Murroch Glen
(J.R.M.)
Chrysotoxum arcuatum, L., - July. Bonhill.
C. bicinctum, L., — - - - July. Benmore Est., Kilmun.
Fam. CoNnoPips.
*Conops quadrifasciata, Deg., - July—August. Bonhill.
Myopa buccata, L., - - - One ¢, llth June, 1904.
Erskine.
Fam. TAcHINID®.
*Gymnocheta viridis, Fln., - May. Cadd. Wild.; South Bar.
*Hpicampocera succinta, Mg., - July. Holy Loch.
* Blepharidea vulgaris, Fln., - Bred from pupa of Pieris Vapi,
Rutherglen (T. Wishart) ;
emerged 26th May, 1902.
*Sisyropa hortulana, Hgg.— -
(2) acronyctarum, Mcq.,- Bred from cocoons of Saturnia
carpint, K. Kilbride; emerged
15th June—Ist July.
S. lota, Mg., - - - - July—August. Murroch Glen;
Dundonald Glen; ‘Troon ;
Holy Loch.
* Melanota volvulus, F., - - August. Bonhill.
* Hyalurgus lucida, Mg., - - July. Holy Loch. Not une.
on heads of Water-Dropwort.
This species was given in Mr.
Verrall’s 1888 list.
ee eee eee
= ~
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. ral
* Macquartia tenebricosa, Mg.,
*M. affinis, Schin., - -
Olivieria lateralis, F., .
* Micropalpus vulpinus, Fin.,
*Erigone radicum, F., — -
*E. strenua, Mg. - -
Plagia ruralis, Fin.,
*Reselia antiqua, Fin. -
*Siphona cristata, F.,
S. geniculata, Deg., - =
*Trixa estroidea, Dsv., -
Cynomyia mortuorum, L.,
Sarcophaga carnaria, L., -
S. albiceps, Mg., - -
S. atropos, Mg., - -
* Metopia lewcocephala, Rossi,
Dexia vacua, Fln., - -
* Myiocera carinifrons, Fln.,
Fam.
*Stomoxys calcitrans, L., -
Hematobia stimulans, Mg.,
*Pollenio vespillo, F., -
P. rudis, F., - - -
July. Benmore Est.
May. Bonhill (este Mr. P. H.
Grimshaw).
July—Aug. Blairmore; Troon.
July—Sept. Stepps Wood;
Holy L.
July—Aug. Blairmore ; Cam-
buslang ; Dundonald Gl. ;
Troon; Possil M.; Monkd.
Cl.
June. South Bar.
August. Crookston.
July. Bonhill.
May—July. Hawkhead Est. ;
Blairmore ; Calderwood Gl. ;
Erskine.
June—Sept. Gen. dist
July. Holy L. ; Benmore Est.,
Kilmun.
August.—Sept. Monkd. Cl. ;
Troon ; Possil M.
June—October. Gen. dist.
June—Aug. Gen. dist.
Aug. Montgomery Est., near
Troon.
June—August. Troon; Glen
Massan.
June—August. Troon; Colin-
traive ; Glen Massan; Holy
L. ; Dundonald Glen.
July—August. Holy Loch;
Murroch Glen.
Muscip2.
June. South Bar; Frankfield.
June. lLumloch, near Lenzie.
May and August. Bonhill.
March—October. C. and gen.
dist.
22 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Myiospila meditabunda, F., - May—Sept. C. and gen. dist.
Graphomyia maculata, Scop., - June—October. Gen. dist.
* Musca domestica, L., - Jan.—Dec. C. and gen. dist.
Seldom occurs away from
houses.
Cyrtoneura stabulans, Fin., - Aug.—Sept. Bridgeton ; Den-
nistoun. Within doors.
*C. pabulorum, Fln., - - April. Bonhill (éeste Mr. P.
H. Grimshaw).
Morellia simplex, Lw., - - June—Oct. C. and gen. dist.
M. hortorum, Fln., - : - June—Oct. C. and gen. dist.
*M. curvipes, Mcq,, - : - June. Bonhill (teste Mr. P. H.
Grimshaw).
Mesembrina meridiana, L., - July—Sept. Gen. dist.
Protocalliphora grenlandica, Ztt., May—Oct. Gen. dist. Not e.
Calliphora vomitoria, L., - - May—Sept. Gen. dist.
*Lucilia sylvarum, Mg., - - June—July. Crookston; Possil
M.; Ardentinny.
L. sericata, Mg., - - - May—July. Murroch Glen
(J.R.M. and R.H.).
*Z. nobilis, Mg., - - - One 9, 15th June, 1901, Row-
ardennan.
Appleringie, Artemisia Abrotonum, Linn.
By R. 8. Wisnart, M.A.
[Read 26th December, 1905, |
Ir was a little stalk, dry and withered. Its leaves were pressed
together, and the whole had become hard and brittle. How long
it had lain between the leaves of an old, well-worn, hump-backed
copy of the New Testament nobody can tell, for this book has
been handed down through several generations. But the tiny
specimen, now only a semblance of its former self, is enough to
awaken a new interest and to recall old memories of this always
interesting plant. The custom of carrying bits to church and
placing them in the Bible or Psalm-book is well known. It is
believed that this custom may have arisen from the habit of
APPLERINGIE. 23
keeping strong-smelling herbs or leaves near at hand as a
supposed preventative or charm against disease. But, whatever
may have been its origin, most people are satisfied with the
thought that it helps to sustain drowsy listeners when the cir-
cumstances are trying.
Our present interest is to notice how the custom of using this
plant as a church flower has followed it, and how both this
custom and the plant’s immigration to Scotland have to do with
tracing the evolution of the name Appleringie.
If we had been brought up in a French village, instead of
in some corner of the British Isles, we would have seen how
naturally our mothers and aunts, on starting for church, walked
into the garden and plucked a handful of the sweet-smelling
plant. The customs in France and Scotland are so much alike
as to suggest, even without knowing anything more, that the
one may have been borrowed from the other.
Appleringie, Apleringie, or Aipleringie—spell it as you please
—is the Scotch name of the plant which in English is called
Southernwood, and whose scientific name is Artemisia Abrotonum,
Linn. Scotch people do not need to be told that the “g” is
pronounced hard, as in “ring,” and that the first part of the
word is usually pronounced as in the third spelling just given.
What we read of any plant in early times has usually reference
only to its economic value. Many are mentioned solely on
account of their supposed medicinal virtues, and among these
the Appleringie takes an important place. Its Latin name is
Abrotonum, which in turn is derived from the Greek privative
prefix a and pores, mortal, meaning that it had great power
in saving from death. Horace says of it—
“ Navim agere ignarus navis timet ; abrotonum xgro
Non audet, nisi qui didicit, dare.”
Pliny extols its virtues and enumerates twenty-two ailments
which could be cured by the plant, and Culpepper and hosts of
herbalists have followed suit in later generations. Indeed, its
healing virtues, as believed in at different times, have been so
numerous as to make it appear worthy of getting the West Coast
Highlander’s tribute to Ais cure transferred to it—“I wouldna
like to be ill wi’ what whisky wouldna cure!” The disagreeable
taste would help in strengthening confidence as to the plants
24 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
curative properties. Many of us remember that in our child-
hood an idea seemed to prevail that whatever was bitter or
nauseous was good for children, so that infusions of bog bean,
ferns, myrtle, chamomile, barberry, Turkey-rhubarb root, and
the like, might at any time be safely administered ; while jams,
jellies, fruits, and other things pleasant to the palate had always
a certain amount of danger connected with them. I never
actually saw Appleringie, however, used as a medicine; its
pleasant smell must have saved it, in the mistaken belief that
its taste was pleasant too.
The derivation of the Scotch name, Appleringie, frequently
turns up as a puzzle. Nobody needs to be told that it has
nothing to do with apples. Any attempts to settle the deriva-
tion on the basis of “ring” and the Scotch diminutive “ ringie ”
need not be taken seriously. The fact is, to enunciate at once
the theory which I mean to submit, Appleringie signifies the
immortal plant—that is, the plant which saves from death—
although the name is not only used but has actually been evolved
without attaching any such meaning to it. It has descended
“by ordinary generation” from the two Greek words already
quoted, or, which is the same thing, dfpdrovov, the Greek
name for the plant. It is easy to see that Abrotonwm is simply
the Latin form of the same word, and it was applied in both
cases from a genuine belief in its virtues. But in order to
understand exactly how the Scottish name arose, we must con-
sider for a little how the plant reached us itself, and what
modifications of its name it assumed on its way hither.
Our plant is not a native of this country, but it is cultivated
in every cottage garden. In Scotland it has only a few poor
relations growing wild—wormwood, absinth, and the sea-side
artemisia—all of which are being exhibited to-night. The last
has a considerable resemblance to the Appleringie, both in
appearance and smell, but its leaves have a hoary whiteness all
over and its branches are straggling instead of upright.
France and the South of Europe generally claim the Apple
ringie as a native. In an old edition of the “ Hortus Kewensis,”
which I have before me, the plant is said to have been introduced
into Britain about the year 1548, and Loudon also gives the
same date. It was, therefore, unknown in this country before
eS —— eee
APPLERINGIE. 25
the time of Mary Queen of Scots, and, according to the best
authorities we can find, it was introduced during her reign.
And, as we know that there was a good deal of coming and
going between France and Scotland in Mary’s time, it is reason-
able to assume that the plant came from France to us.
Now, the name passed from the Greek through the Latin to
the French in this way. Abrotonwm became in old French,*
abroigne, and then avroigne, and these gave place to the modern
French name, awrone. One of the best-known attempts to derive
the name Appleringie from this is that found in Dr. Jamieson’s
Scottish Dictionary, in which the derivation is said to be from
the French “ apilé, strong, and aurone.” This looks feasible as
far as sound goes, but it will not do for various reasons, chiefly
because apilé is not a French word at all, nor does there appear
to be any similar French word meaning “strong” that it could
have been mistaken for. Had he said epilé, and taken it to
mean “without hairs,’ he might have been reasoned with,
because the plant is less hairy than some of the other species.
Glabre, however, is the French word in constant use in this
sense, and I am not aware of epil/é being ever so used regarding
plants. This word would rather signify that the hairs had been
taken off. But another fatal objection is that a Frenchman
would not say epilé aurone, but aurone epilé, which entirely
defeats Dr. Jamieson’s theory, whether we take epzlé, apilé, or
any such word to represent the “apple” in Appleringie.
Any attempts which I have ever seen to trace the derivation
of our Scotch name through the French have entirely failed, or
been insufficient, mainly on account of the omission of two
important links. These are found in the northern provincial
French and the Aberdeenshire names, both of which are still in
use. In drifting into corruptions, there is often a tendency to
' alight upon some form of word that means, or seems to mean,
something. Of this we have examples in gillyflower and jelly-
flower, from giroflée, and Jerusalem, in the name Jerusalem
artichoke, from girosole, a name of the sunflower, while in
neither case is there any connection with jelly or Jerusalem.
In the same way, in France the word aurone, after perhaps
passing through various shapes and sounds, settled down into the
* Amour’s ‘‘ Scottish Alliterative Poems,” pp. 374-375.
26 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
present provincial form of wrogne, which means a drunken man.
Better have some meaning than none at all.
Now comes the important step by which the name reached
Scotland. If it is a reasonable assumption that the plant was
introduced from France in the time of Queen Mary, it is also
fair to assume that French people brought it and called it by
their own name, wrogne. We have all our troubles in pro-
nouncing French to the satisfaction of a native, and is it any
wonder that this name, after being used or attempted for a while
in North-Eastern Scotland, should have become “ iveringie” and
“overingie”? These names are both common in Aberdeenshire
still, and, in fact, they are both the same, for on the East Coast,
north of the Tay, “over” as a prefix is usually pronounced
“iver;” for example, “ Overtown” is “Ivertown,” and “ Over-
gate” is “Ivergate.” The provincial French and the Aberdeen
names are so much alike that this step across the channel
scarcely needs confirmation, but a parallel may be instanced in
the everyday Aberdeen word “ rooser,” which is clearly from the
French arrosowr: either name is more convenient than “ watering-
pan.”
When Central and Southern Scotland got hold of the name,
they began to move backwards another step towards the original
“ab,” and, with the same laudable intention of giving the term
a@ meaning, gradually converted overingie into Appleringie.
It will be observed, on examining the words in their historical
succession, that after awrone was reached the tendency has been
to go back by the same course from the “u” through the “v”
to the “ab” or “ap.” To see the changes properly, it is neces-
sary to look at the whole together, arranged in historical order :—
"A Bporovor, - - Greek.
Abrotonum, = : Latin.
reanie Oia Wenok.
Avroigne,
Aurone, - - = Modern French.
Ivrogne, - - - Provincial French.
Iveringie,
ee : z Aberdeenshire.
Overingie, J
Apleringie, }
ae Common Scotch.
Appleringie,
GONACTINIA PROLIFERA IN FIRTH OF CLYDE. 27
One of the German names of the plant is also a branch of
the same family of words, and it, too, shows a tendency to drift
into some similarly sounding word, in order to have the appear-
ance of a meaning. The name arrived at in any particular
language need have no connection with the plant, but depends
upon some word in that language being similar in sound to the
original Greek or Latin name. In German the two forms,
aberraute and eberraute, easily come in succession from abro-
tonum, the former may mean another or a second rue, and
the latter, the boar-rue. So, from mere accidents in the
respective languages, different nations make the same original
word appear to mean very different things: the Germans connect
the “immortal plant” with rue and a boar, the French with a
drunkard, and the Scotch with an apple.
The English name, “ Southernwood,” comes from quite a
different’ source. According to Dr. Prior, it is “ abridged from
souderne wermod, southern wormwood,” and, being of Anglo-
Saxon origin, it can only be associated with dead dried plants
brought into the country for medicinal purposes, and has no
connection with the living plant, and neither part nor lot with
Appleringie and its long line of progenitors.
—
Occurrence of Gonactinia prolifera, Sars, in the Firth
of Clyde.
By E. S. RussELt.
[Read 26th December, 1905. ]
Ir was my fortune to dredge this curious little Actinian at
Castle Bay, Little Cumbrae, on 15th June, 1905. As Gonactinia
is very rare in British waters—this being only the second record
—-some interest attaches to it on that account. But Gonactinia
is also remarkable for its peculiarities of structure and habit,
and it may not be out of place to give here a short account of
these, in addition to a notice of its distribution.
28 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
DISTRIBUTION.
Gonactinia prolifera was discovered in 1835 by M. Sars (1),
in the neighbourhood of Bergen. He named it at that time
Actinia prolifera. In 1851 he recorded it from Tromsoe and
Hammerfest (2), and founded the genus Gonactinia for it. Two
further Norwegian records were made by Koren (3), and by
Blochmann and Hilger (4). Then, in 1891, it was recorded from
the Mediterranean by Prouho (5), and finally, in 1896, from
Falmouth by Vallentin (6). Mr. 8S. Pace informs me that it
probably occurs at Plymouth, but that there are no definite
records of its discovery there. According to Delage and
Hérouard (7), Gonactinia is found at Noumea, on dead coral,
but I have not been able to trace this record.
The exact localities are as follows :—
Norway.—(a) Bergensfiord, Giesvaer, and Floroe. Not un-
common on weed, Sertularians, and Ascidians. (Sars, 1.)
(6) Tromsoe, 10-20 fms., among nullipores. Hammerfest,
10-20 fms., very common on Delesseria. (Sars, 2.)
(c) Neighbourhood of Bergen, 10-30 fms. along with
Edwardsia tuberculata. (Koren, 3.)
(d) Island of Fladholmen, near Bergen, 2-3 fms., common on
shells, dead or living, of Modiolaria, in company with Huden-
drium capillare Alder. (Blochmann u. Hilger, 4.)
Mediterranean.—Coasts of Roussillon, 45 fms. (Prouho, 5.)
Britain.—Falmouth. (Vallentin, 6.)
To these I have now to add my Cumbrae record. Gonactinia
prolifera was found at Castle Bay, Little Cumbrae, in a depth
of 15-20 fms., attached to the tubes of the worm Chaetopterus
msignis.
Looking at these records we see that Gonactinia is to be
found in all depths from two to about forty fathoms. Also it
seems to occur on all sorts of surfaces—on weeds, nullipores,
Sertularians, Ascidians, shells of Modiolaria, tubes of Chaetop-
terus. There are mentioned as occasionally associated with
Gonactinia, the anemone Hdwardsia tuberculata, and the
hydroid @udendrium capillare; but these associations are
evidently merely accidental. Blochmann and Hilger (4) obtained
ripe individuals in the middle of October.
OO — —
GONACTINIA PROLIFERA IN FIRTH OF CLYDE, 29
CHARACTERISTICS.
Gonactinia is one of the primitive anemones, resembling in
structure Edwardsia, which is now generally considered to be
the simplest and most generalised type of Actinian which exists
at the present day.
Gonactinia is a small, reddish anemone, about 2-3 mm. in
length and 1-2 mm. in breadth. It has sixteen non-retractile
tentacles, in two rows, and also sixteen mesenteries, of which
eight are macromesenteries. Four of these latter bear gonads.
Gonactinia has the power, quite exceptional among Actinians,
of reproduction by transverse division. A cirelet of tentacles
buds out about the middle of the column, and a constriction is
formed just above. The anemone is then divided by this con-
striction into two segments, and both of these segments form
new individuals. The lower segment developes a stomodaeum
only after it has become separate from the upper. The whole
process resembles the strobilisation of the scyphistoma among
the Discomedusae.
Gonactinia sometimes exhibits lateral budding (4), or even
longitudinal division (5), but the latter process is abnormal.
Sexual reproduction is also found in Gonactinia.
Some have considered Gonactinia to be merely the young of
such a form as Anthea cereus, but such a view is controverted
by the fact that the ripe sexual elements have been observed.
Gonactinia has little power of adhesion, and is easily detached
from its point of support. Prouho (5) has observed that it has
the power of swimming. It swims head foremost, by means of
bending and stretching its tentacles in rapid rhythm. Sars (1).
notes another mode of progression. It can move along after the
manner of a “looper” caterpillar. Bending over, it takes hold
of the surface of attachment with its tentacles, and shifts its foot
close up to the tentacles ; then it fixes its tentacles anew, further
over, and again drags its foot along. In this way it is able to
crawl in any direction. The original description of Gonactinia
prolifera by Sars (1), which is not readily accessible, is trans-
lated by Blochmann and Hilger in their paper on Gonactinia (4).
They furnish also a specific diagnosis of their own.
30 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
REFERENCES.
_
. Sars, M.—Beskrivelser og Jagtagelser over nogle moerkelige eller nyt
i Havet ved den Bergenske Kyst levende Dyr, p. 11. Bergen, 1835.
. Sars, M.—Nyt. Mag. f. Naturvidensk, vi. (1851), p. 142.
. Koren, .—Nyt. Mag. f. Naturvidensk, ix. (1859), p. 93.
. Brocumann, F. v. Hiteer, C.—Morph. Jahrb., xiii. (1888), p. 385,
pl. 14-15.
. Provno, H.—Arch. zool. exp., sér. 2, tome 9 (1891), p. 247, pl. 9.
Vatuentin, R.—Journ. Inst. Cornwall, xiii. (1896), p. 43.
. DetacE et HéRovarpd.—Traité de Zoologie Concrete. Tome ii., pte. 2
(1900), p. 494.
me w bo
am
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon the Weather
during the Year 1905, with its General Effects
upon Vegetation.
By James Wuirton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow.
{Read 30th October, 1906.]
In order to preserve the continuity of the series, these notes have
been compiled, as in former years, from the records kept at
Queen’s Park, Glasgow.
January.—The genial, mild weather which ushered in the
new year continued during the week. From the 4th to the 16th
the weather was stormy and unsettled, with frequent heavy
showers of rain and sleet, accompanied by cold, high winds.
Thereafter, until the end of the month, it was drier and more
bracing, though the afternoon of the 30th was wet and stormy.
The atmospheric pressure was wide in range and erratic in
course. On the 1st the barometer indicated 30°30 inches, then a
steady fall to 29-15 inches on the 6th occurred, when a gale with
heavy showers was experienced. For a week thereafter the
pressure was higher but very irregular, then another sharp fall
from 30:10 on the 13th to 28°70 inches on the 17th was noted,
METEOROLOGICAL NOTES DURING THE YEAR 1905. 31
when another gale of some severity was experienced. For some
days thereafter, though erratic, the tendency was upward, and on
the 28th and 29th it was at 30°50 inches, falling sharply again
prior to the gale on the afternoon of the 30th.
The rainfall was much below the average, only 1:78 inch
being registered, compared with 3-93 inches in 1904 and 7-04
inches in 1903. There were 15 dry days.
The open character of the weather is well shown by the low
amount of frost registered, only a total of 33° on 9 days,
compared with 28° on 8 days in January, 1904, and 115° on
13 days in 1903.
Regarding the temperature, the general similarity of conditions
with those of January, 1904, is shown by the averages being
alike, viz., maximum 43° and minimum 35°, whereas, comparing
again with 1903, these figures are 4° higher respectively.
Consequent on the open weather, grass lands were remarkably
green, and buds on trees and shrubs with a tendency to early
growth were somewhat prominent.
February.—tThe first few days were cold, with heavy showers
of snow and sleety rain. Becoming drier, the weather was more
pleasant for a week, when it again got cold and stormy, with sleet
on the 10th, and a sharp touch of frost, with showers of snow, on
the 12th. A very varied week followed, the early part being fine
and bright and the latter changeable, with gusty winds and heavy
showers, culminating in a wild storm, accompanied by thunder and
lightning, on the 18th and 19th. With sharp touches of frost in
the mornings, the days were bright until the 25th, on which
date there was a slight fall of snow. The remaining days were
variable with rain.
During the first half of the month the atmospheric pressure,
though a little irregular, was within moderate range— between
99:45 and 30:25 inches. ‘The latter half was characterised by
sharp changes and an extremely wide range. From 30°25 inches
on the 14th the pressure fell to 99-35 inches on the 19th. A
sharp rise followed, and on the 22nd 30°45 inches was indicated.
This was followed by a very sharp fall to 98-55 inches on the 27th,
nearly two inches of difference in five days.
The amount of frost registered was comparatively trifling, only
amounting to 35°, occurring on 11 days. The absence of severe
32 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
frost and the low rainfall contributed to the high average tem-
perature, the maximum being 45° and the minimum 34°,
compared with 41° and 32° respectively in February, 1904.
The rainfall (2°51 inches) was again low for the month, and not
much over what was registered for February, 1904, when the
amount was 2-28 inches.
With the abnormally open weather, vegetation began to move,
and the buds on many deciduous trees and shrubs swelled con-
siderably. Rhododendron precox and R. nobleanum were open
by the middle of the month, but got frosted on the 22nd. Snow-
drops were in full bloom during the early weeks, and Daphne
mezereum about the 25th.
March.—The weather during this month was of a very variable
character—rain falling nearly every day ; but frequently occurring
at night or early morning, the day-time was often bright and
fine, especially so for the season of the year. The notable excep-
tions were on the 9th, which was a wild wintry day, with heavy
showers of snow, which melted as it fell. A sharp, severe gale,
with rain, occurred on the 15th. On the 22nd a dense fog over-
hung the city until 11 a.m., the afternoon being fine and bright.
The variableness of the weather is well shown by the erratic
barometric readings. On the Ist the pressure indicated was
29-15 inches, by the 3rd it was at 30°00 inches, which was the
highest point touched during the month. The fall was steady,
though erratic, till the 15th, when it was down to 28-20 inches,
which proved to be the lowest reading of the year. The rise was
rapid and regular for 4 days, as on the 19th it was up to 29-70
inches, keeping fairly regular within a few points of that figure
until the end of the month. Although there were only 6 dry
days, the rainfall was just about the average—the amount
registered being 3:16 inches. In March, 1904, the amount was
1-43 inches, which, however, was abnormally below the average
for this month.
There was a notable absence of frost, as only 1° was registered,
compared with 61° on fifteen occasions in March, 1904. Conse-
quently, the average temperatures are high. The maximum
being 49° and the minimum 37°, in each case 5° higher than for
the corresponding month of the preceding year.
QE
METEOROLOGICAL NOTES DURING THE YEAR 1905. 33
The absence of frost and the showery nature of the weather
encouraged vegetation, which was fully a fortnight in advance of
ordinary seasons. Rarely have the grass fields been so bright
and fresh in March.
April. — For the first few days the conditions which
characterised March continued. With a change of the wind
to the north-west the weather got cold and frosty, and a fall of
snow to the depth of about three inches occurred on the 7th.
For fully a fortnight thereafter the weather, though frequently
bright, was cold, owing to the easterly winds and touches of
frost. On the 26th the wind again settled into the south-west,
and the closing days of the month were mild and showery.
The range of the barometric readings was within one inch—
between 29-10 and 30-00 inches—and no specially notable
fluctuations in the pressure were recorded.
The rainfall was low, as only 1:79 inch was recorded, and
there were fifteen dry days. This is in marked contrast with
April, 1904, with 4°64 inches and only six dry days.
Frost, amounting to 30°, was registered on ten mornings, the
coldest morning being the 8th, when there were 9°. The
average maximum temperature was 51°, and the minimum 36°,
or 1° and 6° lower than those of April, 1904.
The cold dry weather materially checked the abnormally early
vegetation. Many plants had their tender young growth injured
by the sharp frost on the 8th. Fortunately the growth of the
major portion of our trees and shrubs was not sufficiently
advanced, and though checked in development they were not
materially injured. Towards the end of the month, with the
renewal of mild weather, there was a notable bursting into bloom
of certain varieties of rhododendron, and the variety ‘“ Jacksoni”
was exceptionally good. Narcissi were in bloom when the snow-
fall occurred, but did not suffer much from the change of tem-
perature. Towards the end of month Hyacinths and Tulips
developed rapidly.
May.—The first week was somewhat changeable, with
occasional showers. Thereafter the weather got drier and
warmer, although some days were cold on account of the keen
piercing easterly winds. These conditions prevailed until the
c
34 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
25th, when a change occurred, and the last week of the month
was distinguished by weather of a soft mild nature.
These conditions are well shown by the record of the atmos-
pheric pressure, which on the 1st was at 28-90 inches. From that
point it steadily rose until on the 5th it reached 30-20 inches.
It varied little between that point and 29-70 inches during the
remainder of the month.
The rainfall was again below the average, and only 1°67 inch
was registered. Of that amount 1:21 inch fell between the
24th and 30th. There were seventeen dry days. In May,
1904, the rainfall amounted to 3°36 inches, and there were
fourteen dry days. Although no frost was registered during the
month, the radiating thermometer on the grass was at or below
freezing point on fifteen occasions. The lowest reading of the
thermometer in shade was 33°. The average maximum tem-
perature was 58°, and the average minimum 44", or 2° and 1°
higher respectively than those of the corresponding month of
1904.
While the dry hard weather had a deterrent effect on the rapid
growth of many trees and shrubs, the absence of frosts and
destructive gales, which was frequently experienced, allowed
the development of the foliage of such trees as Chestnuts and
Sycamores to proceed unchecked, and with the warm showery
days at the close of the month the growth was magical. The Oak
leafed on the 13th, and the Ash on the 21st. Deciduous trees
and shrubs bloomed exceedingly well, and some Rhododendrons,
notably R. Cunningham, were exceedingly floriferous.
June.—The genial mild weather which was experienced during
the latter days of May continued for a few days during the first
week, With the wind changing to the east, and continuing from
that quarter, there was for fully a fortnight a spell of dry cold
weather with bright sunshine. A change occurred on the 18th,
when the wind veered to the south-west, and for four days it was
showery and unsettled. Thereafter, until the end of the month,
warm, delightful weather prevailed.
During the first nine days the atmospheric pressure tended
upwards, reaching 30-00 inches on the 8th and 9th. For ten
days thereafter there was a gradual decline, and on the 20th the
barometer indicated 29:40 inches, when a squally day of rain and
METEOROLOGICAL NOTES DURING THE YEAR 1905. 35
wind was experienced. The pressure rapidly increased, and on
the 25th it stood at 30°30 inches. From that point it as rapidly
fell to 29-60 inches on 28th and 29th, with a rise of two points
on the 30th.
The dryness of the weather is well indicated by the abnormally
low rainfall, which was only 0°82. There were twenty-two dry
days. In June, 1904, the rainfall was 1:54 inch, and there were
seventeen dry days.
Despite the cold easterly winds the average temperature was
fairly high, the maximum being 64° and the minimum 50°
respectively, 2° higher than in June, 1904, when the ther-
mometer in the shade was above 70° on 4 days, whereas in the
month under notice that point was reached on seven occasions—
from the 23rd to 30th—the warmest day being the 26th, when
the maximum thermometer indicated 77°. |
The drying winds and bright sunshine adversely affected all
newly-planted trees and shrubs, and somewhat hindered the
development of established plants, which otherwise looked well.
The bloom on trees and shrubs passed off quickly, and border
plants and annual crops languished for want of moisture.
July.—Although somewhat more showery, there was a con-
tinuance of the genial weather which characterised the latter
part of June. These conditions prevailed throughout the month.
Though rain fell frequently during the month, no day was wet
throughout, and many days were delightfully pleasant. <A
thunderstorm occurred on the 9th.
These conditions are well indicated by the even course of the
atmospheric pressure, which also, considering the occasional rains,
was of narrow range between 29°50 and 30:00 inches. Only on
one occasion was it above that point, when on the 19th it touched
30°10 inches.
The outstanding feature, however, is in regard to the tempera-
ture, which throughout was high. The maximum thermometer
in shade was only on one occasion below 60°, while it was above
70° on eleven days--the highest reading being 78°, occurring on
the 10th and 1lth. The night temperature was likewise high,
never being lower than 45°, and only five times below 50° and
three times 60° and upwards, Consequently the averages are
36 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
high, the maximum being 67° and the minimum 53°, against 64°
and 51° respectively for July, 1904.
The rainfall was 2°81 inches, of which 0:52 inch fell on the
22nd, and there were 12 dry days. In July, 1904, the rainfall
was 3°80 inches, with 14 dry days.
With the showery weather and warm temperature, vegetation
quickly made good the leeway caused by the drying winds of
June, while the growth was satisfactory in every respect. The
foliage of trees being better and cleaner than usual in the vicinity
of the city.
August.—During the early days of the month the weather was
somewhat showery, with a severe thunderstorm and heavy rain on
the 4th. Thereafter, with the shortening days, the weather,
though generally fine, began to get cooler, and the first hazy
morning of autumn was on the 15th. The latter half of the
month was variable, with several dull days near the close.
The barometric readings show that the atmospheric pressure
was very irregular during the month. From 29°60 inches on the
lst it sharply dropped to 29:10 inches on the 4th, when the
thunderstorm noted occurred. On the 6th it was up to 29:70
inches, and kept up with slight variations till on the 14th and
16th it was at 30-00 inches. A rapid fall followed until the 19th,
when it was at 29°30 inches. Rising from that point the course
was irregular for a week, then rising sharply to 30:05 inches on
the 31st.
The rainfall amounted to 3°61 inches, and there were twelve
dry days ; these figures being almost similar to those of August,
1904, which were 3°49 inches and twelve dry days.
Regarding the temperature, though the maximum in shade was
at or above 60° on twenty-six days, on no occasion did it reach
70°, consequently the averages are low, the maximum being 62°
and the minimum 50°, compared with 63° and 52° respectively
for August, 1904.
While the development of crops was good and steady, and
cereals began to ripen about the middle of the month, harvesting
operations were much hindered by the showery, mild weather.
Towards the end of the month the signs of autumn were in
evidence in the city parks by the rapid defoliation of such trees
as Limes, Sycamores, and Elms,
a ee le
"
a are tres
METEOROLOGICAL NOTES DURING THE YEAR 1905. 37
September.—The changeable weather which prevailed in the
latter days of August continued during the first fortnight. High
winds were somewhat frequent, and showers daily. The 6th was
very wet after mid forenoon. The latter half of the month was
almost ideally fine for harvesting, with bracing winds and very
few showers. The 25th (Glasgow Autumn Holiday), was a
delightful day for the holiday-makers.
During the prevalence of the showery, windy weather of
the first fortnight, the barometer readings were low and irregular
for the season. On the lst the atmospheric pressure was 29-90
inches, and it was down to 29°10 inches on the 7th and 10th.
A sharp rise followed to 30°10 inches on the 14th; with slight
variations that point was also reached on the 17th and 21st. A
slight and steady decline followed to 29-65 inches on the 27th,
after which the pressure increased with the closing days of the
month.
Of the rainfall, 2:11 inches, 0°52 inch was registered on the
morning of the 7th. There were twelve dry days. In September,
1904, the rainfall amounted to 2°73 inches, and there were
“seventeen dry days in the month.
Regarding the temperature, it, like the rainfall, was almost
similar to what was experienced in the preceding September, as
the averages are almost identical, viz. :—58° for the maximum
and 56° for the minimum. The former being 1° less and the
latter the same as those of the previous year. No frost was
recorded, though the radiating thermometer on surface of grass
was below freezing point on seven mornings.
While the stormy, changeable weather at beginning of month
hindered harvesting operations, the fine conditions which pre-
vailed later were specially favourable for such work, and the fields
generally were cleared of grain, and in some parts ploughing
begun, by the end of the month. The defoliation of trees was
very marked in the neighbourhood of the city, many being quite
bare.
October.—Opening fine, with the wind in the north-west, there
was a sudden change of the wind to the south-east on the 3rd,
and heavy rain set in, which continued until the following
morning. The weather continued changeable and stormy for
several days; then a short spell of fine weather followed, which
38 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
was succeeded by several dull cold days with heavy showers. On
the 16th, with the wind northerly, the first sharp frost of the
season occurred.
For several days the frosts continued, accompanied by fogs in
the city in the mornings. The dry weather continued until the
26th, after which it was more or less rainy till end of month.
The changeable character of the weather is well shown by the
wide and erratic range of the barometric readings. On the Ist
the atmospheric pressure was at 29-65 inches and 29-70 inches on
the 3rd. A sudden drop to 28°90 inches occurred on the 4th,
which was succeeded by as quick a recovery to 29-90 inches on
the 5th. There was a gradual rise, and 30°30 inches was
recorded on the 10th and 11th. From that point there was
a sharp decline, and 29°30 inches was indicated on the 15th.
The following day the pressure was up five points, and kept
within a range of half an inch until the 29th when, from
29-80 inches, it suddenly fell to 28-90 inches, and kept at that
point on the 30th and 31st.
With eighteen dry days in the month, there was a rainfall of
2:57 inches. On four days the amount was over a quarter of an*
inch; the greatest for twenty-four hours was 0:71 inch, regis-
tered on the morning of the 4th. In October, 1904, the rainfall
was 2°12 inches, with eleven dry days.
Frost, amounting to 57°, was noted in the mornings. This,
with the cold winds, tended to keep the temperature down—hence
the averages are low, the maximum being 50° and the minimum
36°, compared with 54° and 43° respectively for October, 1904.
The frosts finished the season so far as tender plants were
concerned. The most notable damage in our parks and gardens
was the ruin of the early outdoor chrysanthemums, which,
despite the good summer, were later in flowering than usual, and
were just coming to their best when caught by the frost, which
utterly spoiled what promised to be a grand display. The frost
also completed the defoliation of deciduous trees.
November.—The changeable, rainy weather which prevailed
during the last week of October continued until the middle of
month, only three days in that time being without rain. A week
of dry frosty weather followed, and dense fogs hung over the city
during the prevalence of the frost. A change set in on the 21st,
METEOROLOGICAL NOTES DURING THE YEAR 1909. 39
and the 22nd was wet, with a gale at night. Until the end of
the month the weather was changeable, with heavy rain nearly
every day. ;
As might be expected, the atmospheric pressure was very
irregular and somewhat wide in range. From 29-10 inches on
the lst it dropped to 28-90 inches on the 2nd, sharply rising to
29-50 inches on the 4th, and falling to 29-00 inches on the 6th.
Then another quick rise took place, as on the 9th, it was at 29-90
inches. This was followed by as quick a fall to 29-00 inches on
the 11th, after which there was a more steady rise to 30-00 inches
on the 18th, somewhat irregularly falling thereafter to 28-70
inches on the 26th, then rising sharply to 29°80 inches on the
29th, falling four points on the last day of the month.
The rainfall amounted to 3:29 inches, and there were ten dry
days. In November, 1904, the rainfall was 2-07 inches, with
fifteen dry days.
Regarding the temperature there were nine days on which
frost occurred, to the amount in all of 54°, and on two days the
thermometer did not rise above freezing point (32° Fahr.). Con-
sequently the averages are again low, the maximum being 44°
and the minimum 35”, or 3° and 2° lower respectively than those
of November, 1904.
While the weather conditions were exceedingly depressing,
there was a freshness on grass lands unusual for the season. The
excessive wet, however, hampered outdoor work to a considerable
extent.
December.—At the beginning there were a few fine mild days,
which were followed by several wet stormy ones, during which
a considerable amount of rain fell. A sharp touch of frost
occurred on the 12th, and until the 23rd, which, however, was
bright and sunny, the weather was dull and mild. The 24th was
very wet, after which, with the wind easterly, another spell of
frost set in on the 27th, and the closing days of the year were
somewhat cold.
The barometric readings were wide in range, and for a time
_ unusually high for the season. With an upward tendency on the
lst, the pressure was at 30°00 inches on the 3rd. A sharp fall to
29-20 inches on the 6th was followed by an equally sharp rise to
30°30 inches on the 10th. The day following the pressure eased
40 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
a tenth, then sprung up to 30°60 incues on the 12th, when the
sharp frost occurred. Keeping above 30:00 inches until the 17th,
there was a sharp decline to 29°40 inches on the 19th. Rising
steadily, but keeping under 30-00 inches, till the 26th, when
another sharp depression to 29°25 inches on the 29th, followed by
an abrupt rise to 29-90 inches on the 30th and 31st was noted.
Rain to the amount of 3:50 inches was registered. On one
day over an inch fell, on another over half an inch, while on two
other days over a quarter inch was recorded. There were ten
dry days. The rainfall for December, 1904, amounted to 3:48,
with thirteen dry days.
Frost was only registered on five days to the amount of 16°,
compared with 54° on eleven days in December, 1904. The com-
parative absence of hard frost and the open nature of the
weather is well shown by the higher average temperatures, the
maximum being 45° and the minimum 39°, whereas in the
previous December these were 42° and 34° respectively.
The fresh greenness of grass lands was, as in the end of the
previous year, very noticeable, and on the mild days of the latter
half of the month birds were singing freely.
In comparing the records of 1905 with those of previous years,
the most outstanding feature is that of the low rainfall, which
amounted only to 29°62 inches, fully six inches below the average,
and the lowest for fifteen years. August proved the wettest
month, with 3°61 inches, though it was closely approached by
December, with 3:50 inches. March, with 3:16 inches, and
November, with 3-29 inches, were the only other months with a
rainfall above three inches. June was the driest month of the
year, with only 0°82 inches, and the only month which had less
than one inch of rainfall. In 1904 the rainfall was 34°87 inches,
and the wettest month was April, with 4°64 inches. March was
the driest, with only 1:43 inches.
Only on one occasion during the year did the rainfall for
twenty-four hours exceed one inch, this occurring on 25th
December, when 1:05 inch was registered. There were 160
days on which no rain was registered, while in 1904 the number
was 163.
Regarding the temperature, the monthly averages are again
high, and the mean for the year is 1° higher than the preceding
METEOROLOGICAL NOTES DURING THE YRKAR 1905. 4]
year. ‘This may be accounted for by the absence of severe frosts
throughout the year.
~The thermometer in shade was at or below freezing point (32°
Fahr.) on sixty-four days, though actual frost was only regis-
tered on fifty-five occasions to the amount of 226°, as compared
with 246° on fifty-eight occasions, with the freezing point
touched on sixty-eight mornings, in 1904.
The lowest reading was on the 12th February, when 10° were
registered. The coldest month was October, with 57° on ten
days. The most notable feature regarding frosts was that in
March only 1° was registered, compared with 61° on fifteen days
in the previous March, which was the coldest month of 1904.
The warmest months were Juneand July, July and August being
the warmest in the previous year. The average maximum and
minimum temperatures were 64° and 50°, and 67° and 53° for
June and July respectively. The warmest day was in June,
when, on the 26th, the thermometer in shade registered 77°.
The maximum thermometer was at or above 70° on eighteen
days during June and July, against eleven occasions in 1904.
Regarding the winds, whilst there were no specially destructive
gales, there were many squally storms of short duration.
As usual, south-westerly winds preponderated, and as in the
previous year they mostly prevailed in the summer and autumn
months. Excluding the direct north and south, the winds from
the westerly direction prevailed on 284 days, and easterly on 81
days. '
With regard to the atmospheric pressure, the range of readings
for the year was somewhat wider than usual. The highest
reading was 30°60 inches on 12th December, and the lowest 28°20
inches on the 15th March, whereas in 1904 the range was exactly
two inches. Though the range of pressure was wider, the readings
on the average were lower, as in 1904 the barometer indicated
30-00 inches and over on 107 days, whereas in 1905 that point
was only reached and passed on 84 days. The lower readings, at
or below 29-00 inches, occurred on 22 occasions, against 16 times
in 1904.
In regard to the general effect on vegetation—though the
drying winds in spring had a retarding effect on growth, which
was later generally. and the frosts of April injured early flowering
42 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
plants—there was a steady development as the days lengthened,
and on the whole the growth made by trees was satisfactory, and
the foliage generally was better developed than in most years.
Deciduous trees and shrubs bloomed well as a whole, but the
display was of short duration, on account of the dryness of the
atmosphere and prevalence of keen winds during the period of
bloom. This drying effect, which intensified the natural exhaustion
consequent on the heavy flowering of plants, caused the trees
to “set” badly, therefore the crops of fruit were below the
average.
Grass lands were slow to start, but made good headway after
the beginning of June, and hay crops generally were good. Cereals
were also a full crop, and were harvested on the whole in excellent
condition. Root crops, especially potatoes, were above the
average. The growth made by trees and shrubs, as already
stated, was good, and, getting rain in time in autumn, most species
set flower buds very freely, and the promise of an excellent
display of bloom for 1906 is extremely satisfactory.
On the occurrence of /dothea neglecta, G. 0. Sars, and
' Idothea viridis (Slabber), within the Clyde Sea
Area, and some Notes on other Clyde species of
Idothea.
By ALEXANDER PATIENCE.
[Read 26th September, 1905. |
Tue family Idotheidae, to which the above-named species belong,
forms part of the Valvifera, a tribe of the great order Isopoda.
This important group is distinguished from all other known
Isopoda by the peculiar structure of the uropods, which have
become modified so as to act like a pair of folding doors over the
under surface of the metasome, thus protecting the delicate
pleopoda, or swimming feet.
IDOTHEA NEGLECTA WITHIN THE CLYDE AREA. 45
The six species belonging to this family recorded by Dr. Thomas
Scott, F.L.S., from the Firth of Clyde in 1901 are:—IJdothea
baltica (Pallas); J. pelagica, Leach; J. emarginata (Fabr.) ;
I. linearis (Pennant) ; Zenobiana prismatica, Risso ; and Steno-
soma acuminata (Leach).*
During some recent dredging cruises on the steam yacht
“Mermaid,” of the Millport Marine Biological Association, I
collected at several localities quite a large number of specimens,
representing several of the species of this family. Upon exami-
nation, I found a number of these specimens to agree with the
description and figures, by Professor G. O. Sars, of the two
species, Idothea neglecta, G. O. Sars, and J. viridis (Slabber).7
These species have not yet apparently been recorded from the
Firth of Clyde, nor probably from the British seas.
Idothea neglecta in some respects resembles not only
I. emarginata, but also I. baltica, and doubtless has been passed
over by former. observers as belonging to the latter species.
Sars observes, “there cannot be any doubt that this very
common form must have been observed by several authors. It
has not yet been recognised as a distinct species, but has either
been regarded as merely a variety of J. baltica, or as J. pelagica
of Leach.” { There is little doubt, however, as to the distinct-
ness of the species.
While it agrees with J/. baltica in having the coxal plates
contiguous, which form, as in that species, a broad marginal area,
it differs principally in the structure of the stylets of the second
pair of pleopoda of the male, which are much shorter and do not
reach much beyond the middle of the inner plate, whereas in
I. baltica they reach almost to the end of the inner plate, and in
the terminal segment of the metasome, which is slightly narrowed
distally and terminates in a blunt point, the lateral corners being
rounded off, whilst in J. baltica it has a distinctly tridentate
form.
The largest male specimen in my collection measures 35 mille-
metres.
* Hand Book of Natural History, British Assoc. Mg., Glasgow, 1901.
+ Crustacea of Norway, Vol. II., Isopoda, pp. 83-85, pls. 34-39.
$ Op. cit. p. 84.
44 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
OccurrEeNcE.—S. of Little Cumbrae, 14 fms.; off Alans,
Cumbrae, 10 fms.; off Aoidh Rock, Loch Fyne, 21 fms. ; near
East Loch Tarbert. 16 fms.; Lamlash Bay, near King’s Cross,
6-8 fms.; Kilbrannan Sound, near Campbeltown, 18 fms. (S. of
Otterard Rock); Garrison Bay, Millport. 2-3 fms.
Idothea viridis is a much smaller and slenderer species, oblong
linear in form. Without close examination it might be passed
over as the young of /. baltica, as the termination of the last
segment of the metasome somewhat resembles that species, but
the median prominence is much blunter, and the lateral corners
are obtuse; the coxal plates are not contiguous as in J, baltica,
and are comparatively much smaller; the inferior antennz are
comparatively much longer and more slender, and the stylets of
the second pair of pleopoda in the male extend considerably
beyond the inner plate.
Colour dark green, some specimens exhibiting a pale grey band
on the median line, extending from the middle of the cephalon
to the tip of the last segment of the metasome. Females bearing
ova in June, July, and August. Length of male, 10 mm,
OccurRENCE.—Millport Bay, l.w. ; off Little Cumbrae, 8 fms. ;
Ettrick Bay, 7 fms.; Minard Bay, 2-3 fms. ; Lamlash Bay, 4-5 fms.*
I have been allowed to examine some specimens contained in
a tube in the Millport Marine Biological Station, belonging to
the “Robertson” collection, and marked “ Jdotea acuminata,
Leach.” These are, however, referable to J. viridis (Slabber).
I. acuminata has now been transferred to a different genus
‘“‘in which all the segments of the pleon are dorsally fused, and
form a single piece.” The late Dr. Robertson records this species
as having been taken by him in the Clyde, and Bate and
Westwood refer as having received specimens from that dis-
tinguished naturalist,+ but in view of what I have stated above,
* Since the above was read, my friend, Dr. Alex. Frew, of Glasgow,
has drawn my attention to the occurrence of this species at Langbank,
on the River Clyde, where I found it subsequently. At this spot the ebb
tide leaves a long stretch of mudflats, with small brackish pools, where I
took quite a number of specimens among the seaweed attached to
stones. They were much larger, however, than those I captured in the
firth, some measuring about 15 mm. in length.
+ ‘History of the British sessile-eyed Crustacea, Vol. II., p. 395.
EET DY eee 7+ ere te ht 6 CS LO. Vl! PRL le PPD NEN ei GORY mr
IDOTHEA NEGLECTA WITHIN THE CLYDE AREA. 45
there is just the probability of an error having been made in the
identification of the species by one or other of these zoologists.
I. pelagica, Leach.—Some doubt evidently exists as to the
distinctness of this species. Thus, Rey. Thomas R. R. Stebbing,
in referring to Mier’s remarks on this family, observes :—‘“ Jdotea
marina (Lin.) is the name he adopts for that which Bate and
Westwood describe as Jdotea tricuspidata, Desm., and J. pelagica,
Leach, and which has also been called by a dozen other names.”*
I have found this species frequently in many localities in the
Firth. A close examination leaves little doubt as to the dis-
tinctness of the species. The short and stout body ; the different
form of the terminal segment of the metasome; the greater
length of the stylets of the second pair of pleopoda of the male,
which extends much beyond the inner plate; the small coxal
plates which are not contiguous; the short and robust inferior
antenne make it impossible to confound with J. baltica.
OccurRENCE.—L.w. near Inveraray; off Davaar Island, 5-6
fms.; off Sanda, 10 fms.; off S. and Holy Isle, 6 fms.; lw.
Cumbrae ; off King’s Cross, Lamlash Bay, 2-3 fms.; Ettrick Bay,
11 fms.
I. emarginata (Fabr.), though closely allied to J. neglecta, is
readily distinguished by the form of the last segment of the
metasome, which is abruptly truncated at the tip, with the lateral
corners projecting.
OccurreNcE.—Lamlash Bay, 7 fms.; off Blindman Rock,
Kintyre, 9 fms.; Ettrick Bay, 9 fms.; off Portincross Castle,
10 fms.
(The late Dr. Robertson records having ‘‘ taken it at l.w. among
seaweeds, Cumbrae.’’)
I. linearis (Pennant ).—This is also a readily distinguished
species. The terminal segment of the metasome is truncated at
the tip as in J. emarginata, but whereas in that species the body
is oblong ova/ in form, in J. linearis it is oblong linear. The
inferior antenne are of great length, reaching nearly to the end
of the metasome. The metasome occupies one-third of the entire
length of the animal,
Length of male, 29 mm. ; of female (with ova), 17 mm,
Females bearing ova in July and August.
* « & History of Crustacea,” p. 373. (Int. Sci. Series, Vol. LX XIV.)
46 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
OccurrENcE—Ettrick Bay, 9 fms. ; off King’s Cross, Lamlash
Bay, 9-10 fms. ; Minard Bay, Loch Fyne, 2-3 fms. ; Garrison Bay,
Millport, 2-3 fms. (considerable number of young specimens by
tow net) ; off Hailie Shore, Largs, 2-6 fms. (mod. common).
(The late Dr. Robertson records it as ‘* taken in a sandy pool at l.w.,
Cumbrae.”)
Notr.—Since the above paper was read before the Society I have taken
I. granulosa, Rathke, among tne seaweed attached to the Buoys in Lamlash
3ay, where it occurred plentifully.
The Waders of Solway.
By Ropert SERVICE.
[Read 28th November, 1905. ]
Or this fine group of birds, some fifty-six species have been
recorded as British. Thirty-one of these have been found in
our area—rather an unsatisfactory total considering the attrac-
tions in Solway for birds of the class. Those on our list may
be briefly classified into four divisions—
(1) Eleven breeding species, all of them being present in
winter also, with the exception of the Dotterel and the Common
Sandpiper. Those eleven species are the Dotterel, Golden
Plover, Oyster-catcher, Common ‘Snipe, Curlew, Ringed Plover,
Lapwing, Woodcock, Dunlin, Common Sandpiper, and Common
Redshank.
(2) Seven winter visitors that come here to stay through the
cold season, viz.:—Grey Plover, Turnstone, Jack Snipe, Purple
Sandpiper, Knot, Sanderling, and Bar-tailed Godwit.
(3) Five species, seen only on the spring or autumn migration,
viz. :—the Grey Phalarope, Little Stint, Curlew Sandpiper, Green-
shank, and Whimbrel. |
(4) The eight remaining species are all stragglers of more
or less rarity—Black-winged Stilt, Great Snipe, Temminck’s
Stint, Green Sandpiper, Red-necked Phalarope, Ruff, Spotted
Redshank, and Black-tailed Godwit.
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. 47
It is of importance to draw attention once again to a point
that has often been noted before—the comparative scarcity of
some species, in regard to numbers, present in Solway when
contrasted with their comparative abundance along the East
Coast of Great Britain. A glance at the map will show that
the Solway Firth les directly west of the narrowest part of
Great Britain, a piece of land that almost any migrant might
fly across in an hour; yet how few do it when compared with
the vast flocks that go down along the East Coast once they
have crossed over the North Sea!
Without further preliminaries, let me give you my enumera-
tion of the Waders of Solway—
DorrerEL ( Hudromias morinellus ).
The eggs have been taken on the mountains above Loch
Dungeon. Some years ago I heard the call of the Dotterel
there on a rather wild, stormy day in May, but was unable to
see the bird. Dr. Davidson, of Sanquhar, a good ornithologist,
now in California, discovered Dotterels on the hills west of
Sanquhar about 1882, but failed to find the nests. At one time
there were a few pairs on the Moffat range, but whether they
are still there in the breeding season I am without any recent
information.
On their northward migration in spring, flocks were often
seen on the ploughed fields some thirty to forty years ago.
These are not observed now-a-days, and for the last ten years
at least I have neither heard of nor seen any on the southward
journey.
Rincep Prover (dgialitis hiaticola).
One of our most familiar species, but spread along shore
for most of the year in small parties, aggregating less only than
the Sea Pyet, the Dunlin, the Knot, and the Redshank. Every-
where comparatively tame and confiding, it owes its immunity
from inclusion in many shore-shooters’ bags to this confidence
in human nature. In winter some very large flocks are
occasionally seen, but these disperse whenever good weather
again recurs.
48 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
GoLpDEN Puiover (Charadrius pluvidiis ).
Breeds abundantly on nearly all of the hills and much of the
lower ground adjacent thereto. Some seasons they will remain
in their breeding places till far on in the autumn, and I have
noted flocks on Queensberry in mid-November in mild weather.
One of the pleasantest sounds of returning spring is the plaintive
whistle of the Golden Plover falling down from the heavens
when a migration rush is coming on. Long after our own
Golden Plover are engaged in nesting duties, I have recognised
the notes of the same species going northwards at night in
company with Knots and others so far on as the end of April
and till mid-May. Where these birds were going to is one of
the puzzles presented to the student of migration.
GREY PLover (Squatarola helvetica).
A rather scarce bird on the Solway, but once its favourite
spots are known it is not difficult to make its acquaintance. It
is irregular in its numbers, some years bringing very few. It
has some affinity to the Bar-tailed Godwits in its choice of
feeding grounds, and may often be found in their company.
Sir William Jardine records having shot a pair of Grey Plovers
so early as August at one of the Lochmaben lochs.
Lapwine (Vanellus vulgaris).
Perhaps not so abundant as it used to be a generation or two
ago, but still vastly numerous and breeding everywhere. At
the autumn migration it never goes past in the same vast
numbers as I remember in the sixties, but sufficient still to make
it one of the most conspicuous migrants we have.
By the last week in March we find many eggs, and by a little
measure of restriction—with which I am proud to know I had
something to do—eggs can be taken up till 15th April, and no
longer. May I direct your attention to a little point in the
life history of the Lapwing which I made known a good many
years ago, but, so far as I am aware, the observation has not
been confirmed by others? One day at the end of May, 1892,
while passing along a road in Southwick, a Lapwing flew over
my head holding betwixt its legs, pressed up against its abdomen,
with its tail at the same time much depressed, what I have
}
:
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. 49
every confidence in saying was a young one. The bird alighted
in the adjoining field, and I marked the spot, and, on running
up, found a young one, perhaps four days old, or less. Many
years before I had seen a similar incident, and the belief is very
general amongst country folks that Lapwings will, when any danger
threatens, remove their young to safe spots by carrying them.
The carrying of their young must be a rare incident in the life of
the Lapwing or it must have been noticed. But how are we to
account for the certainly widespread belief of the rustic popula-
tion that it frequently does so?
TURNSTONE (Strepsilas interpres ).
Not much of our shores is suitable for this species, conse
quently it is. not so common with us as it is elsewhere. It
seems to be more abundant on both sides of Luce Bay than it
is anywhere else on our coast, while on many long stretches of
the Solway Firth it is either absent or very scarce.
Oysrer-CatcHer (Hematopus ostralegus),
or, as I prefer to call it, the Sea-Pie, is far and away the most
conspicuous bird of the flats of the Solway Firth. Flocks
extending along shore for nearly a mile in length may be seen
now and again in autumn, and the enormous numbers to be seen
in the course of an October day in the vicinity of Southerness
must be seen to be believed. One of our handsomest birds, in
its contrasted colours of red, black, and white, it is a favourite
with the shore gunner, but a tough one to bring down, and wary
as possible. It breeds in small numbers all round our shores,
doing so on the shell beds well within highest-water mark, con-
fident in the knowledge that the “bird tides” of May and June
will not flood it out of house and home, or up amongst the
buttercups and sea pinks of the merse banks, or high up beside
the rock roses on the grassy nooks of the cliffs. Many little
colonies nest on the islands, such as Rough Island, Hestan, the
Ross, and the Murray Isles in Fleet Bay. On the Annan and the
Nith and Dee occasional pairs nest far inland on gravel beds
and low meadows. In September and October single birds or
pairs, or sometimes small parties, are frequently seen on the
inland pasture fields far from the sea. IT have a strong
D
50 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
impression that we see the Sea-Pyets at inland localities far more
frequently than was formerly the case.
Biack-wincgEp Sriir (Himantopus candidus ).
Only two instances of the occurrence of this fine species in
Solway Firth have ever been recorded, and that was so long ago
as 1684—just 221 years since! They were got by a soldier, who,
if we read the old Latin right, “transfixed them with a spear”
and gave them to his superior, Wm. Dalmahoy, one of the
officers of the King’s bodyguard, and who, in his turn, sent one
of the birds to Sir Robert Sibbald, who published the incident
in his Seotia Illustrata. These were the first of the species
that seem to have been recorded in the British Isles. The “ lake
near Dumfries,” where these first Black-winged Stilts were got,
cannot now be identified, as some lochs that would have answered
the description have long been reclaimed and ploughed over.
Grey PHararope (Phalaropus fulicarius )
is a species of pretty frequent occurrence in some autumns,
though by no means always present at that season. November
is its usual time of appearance. I have often thought that
they are sure to occur after any unusually wild gales from
west or north-west in early November, as the times of their
appearance here have always been preceded by such a storm.
Possibly they may about that time be passing down outside
our western Scottish coasts to their winter quarters, which are
understood to be somewhere off the Canaries on the open ocean,
though this seems to be only vaguely known.
When seen in Solway, the Grey Phalarope is always extremely
tame, as is the case elsewhere in Great Britain. On 10th
August of this year a friend of mine, Mr. George Robson, Barn-
cleugh, and a most competent observer, found one on his land,
sitting on a small pool, which permitted a thorough examina-
tion at close quarters before flying off. This date is a rather
remarkable one.
RED-NECKED PHALAROPE (Phalaropus hyperboreus ).
A bird of extreme rarity with us, only one occurrence being
known, nearly forty years ago.
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. 51
Wooncock (Scolopax rusticula ).
During my time there has always been plenty of Woodcocks’
nests, and I have seen and handled an egg of the species that
was taken near Loch Kindar so long ago as 1828. I have no
particular reason to think that they breed more abundantly now
than they have been in the habit of doing any time these last
fifty years. I have had the good fortune to see the young
carried by the parent bird. The young was held betwixt the
feet and pressed up against the abdomen, and certainly not
hanging down the same as if held by a hawk, as we have seen
the thing painted by Wolf in a well-known picture. It is a
beautiful and interesting study to watch the old birds courting
as they flit about the oak trees in the April and May gloaming.
Like other places, we have the usual large influx of October
and November Woodcocks from abroad. It may be of interest
to note that, of late years, some Woodcocks bred in Northumber-
land, and marked there, were shot the following winter in
Wigtownshire.
Great Snipe (Gallinago major ).
The Great Snipe occurs only at long and uncertain intervals.
One was taken so long ago as 29th September, 1818, at Barnsoul
of Irongray. ‘The late Gilbert Anderson, Sen., in the course of
a lifetime on Glenlee, shot two—one of them in 1868, and
another in 1877. One was shot on Slogarie on 8th October,
1880, by Mr. Bruce. Another was got on the neighbouring
estate of Hensol, 27th October, 1882. Then I can give the
record of two others, both of which came to me in the flesh—
one was taken on 2nd October, 1896, the other on 28th
September, 1904, and both occurred at neighbouring localities
near Crocketford.
Very curiously all of the birds mentioned are from different
parts of Kirkcudbrightshire. So far as I know, there are no
actual records from either Dumfriesshire or Wigtownshire.
Common Snipe (Gallinago ceelestis ).
Although the haunts suitable for the Common Snipe have
greatly diminished, enough remain to make: it still a most
familiar species. Very pleasant it is to hear its “tyik tyuck ”
52 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
in the nesting season, and to listen to its still mysterious
drumming as it rises high over the bogs and mosses. A great
and most noticeable augmentation of its numbers occurs each
year in mid-October.
Jack SNIPE (Gallinago gallinula ).
An interesting species, varying much in the numbers present
from winter to winter. It is always conspicuous in suitable
localities soon after its arrival in early October. Successive
arrivals come in during the winter, these depending apparently
upon the weather elsewhere, as it is a bird that seems peculiarly
sensitive to meteorological changes.
Dunun (Tringa alpina ).
Extremely abundant on our great stretches of sand and mud
and shingle. Moving upwards or downwards with the flow or
ebb of the tide, the big flocks of these birds always form an
attractive sight to the ornithologist even when his interest may
be languid and listless.
By the first week of May many pairs are upon the long salt
merses west of Southerness Point, and most charming it is to
watch their courtship. The thrilling notes of the male come
very near to being a veritable love song. The birds that breed
at Southerness are of the small race, whereas those found
breeding away inland round the lochs of the hill district are
larger and brighter, and are quite a month later in going to
nest. The species is most variable in measurements, and the
seasonal and age changes in the plumage are very striking and
not easily followed. Altogether the Dunlin is an interesting
study, whether we see it at its breeding stations on the merse-
land pools or around the moorland tarns in the wilder and
lonelier lands around the three Cairnsmores, or see it rush along
the shore on stormy winter days, now showing their dark upper
wings to the observer or turning up their silvery white under-
parts as they glide past, or hear it on dark spring nights piping
plaintively as parties of them migrate on their northward
flight.
;
|
7
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. 53
LittLe Stinr (Tringa minuta).
Three specimens of the Little Stint, shot together from a
small party feeding at the mouth of a little stream a mile west
of Southerness Point, on 3rd September, 1887, were the first
I was able to record of the species in our area, although doubt-
less the Little Stint, like many another rarity had been coming
and going, without observation, through untold time.
In the autumn of 1902 several more were seen by myself at
the same place. In September, 1903, a pair was seen on the
Blackshaw at the mouth of the Lochar. Then this year there
has been quite a notable visitation. The Duchess of Bedford
saw a small party on the sands of Cree in September. Within
a day or two after her Grace wrote to tell me of the occurrence
I heard of them also from Southerness, Cummertrees, and
Rockclifie. Altogether between thirty and forty birds must have
been under observation. The Little Stint stays apparently only
a few days with us in Solway, but there is little doubt also that
its annual visits must be most intermittent.
Temminok’s Stint (Z'ringa temminckz ).
There is one certain occurrence in a bird I saw at Hastings’
(the bird-stuffer) shop about thirty years ago, and Hastings
told me he had had another long previously.
Cur.Lew Sanppirer (7'ringa subarquata ).
This seems to be very scarce with us during the autumn
migration, and is usually confined to the Dumfriesshire coast.
Gray, in his Birds of Ayrshire and Wigtownshire, says “ it is
not commonly met with” in Wigtownshire. Altogether it is a
species that, locally, I have very seldom met with, and have to
confess that I know very little about it.
PurPLE SANDPIPER (7'ringa striata)
is to be found the whole winter through in small parties of
half-a-dozen or less, wherever sea-weed covered rocks fringe
the shore. They delight in remaining just where the surf
splashes about, requiring them to jump up out of its reach as
each wave dashes in. I have seen it here so late as 11th May.
54 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL. HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
On 10th November, 1887, one was shot at Kirkmichael,- eleven
miles inland.
Kwyor (Zringa canutus ).
An extremely common species, at least within the limits of
the Solway Firth itself. Here great flocks are always on the
move, more especially during the later autumn months. It is
only exceeded in numbers by the Sea-Pyet and the Dunlin. It
remains sometimes in May till the summer or breeding plumage
has been attained, departing northward with the last flocks of
migrants to the Arctic regions.
SANDERLING (Calidris arenaria).
Though never very abundant, this species is of general distri-
bution in small parties. Whether it always remained with us
in winter may be a matter of doubt, so far at least as any con-
siderable number is concerned. On 4th January, 1900, I shot
several Sanderlings at Southerness, and have since ascertained
that a good many birds have remained the whole of each
winter since. The whiteness of their plumage makes them very
easily seen and identified. It is of interest to note in this
connection that Macpherson & Duckworth state, in their Birds
of Cumberland, that the Sanderling does not winter on the
opposite side of the firth.
Rurr (Machetes pugnax).
An irregular summer visitant, occurring at pretty long intervals.
Sir Wm. Jardine, writing in 1844 (British Birds), says “he had
often shot them on the banks of the Solway, where from August
to October they may almost always be met with.” That is
assuredly not the case now-a-days. When Gray & Anderson
wrote in 1869 they said the Ruff “was rare.” There is a
specimen, shot at Lochrutton about 1880, which is now in the
Kirkcudbright Museum. A Ruff and a Reeve were taken at
Carsthorn in October, 1903. One was shot several years ago on
the Caerlaverock Estate, which forms the eastern side of the
narrowest part of the Nith estuary, and another bird of the
species, now on the table, was shot only a month ago, almost on
the same spot as the other.
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. Bi
Common SanpPIPER (Z'otanus hypoleucus ).
One of our most welcome summer visitants, a bird beloved
of anglers, helping to enhance the attractions of many a lonely
stream side with its lively flittings and long trilling notes. It
is found everywhere along the larger water-courses, and wherever
the lochs and lochans have gravelly or stoney margins it will be
found there also. The eggs, to my eyes, are always very
handsome looking, while the nest, though not really difficult to
locate, is a test for most people’s skill. In early autumn it
goes down to the shore, remaining there a week or two before
finally departing.
GREEN SANDPIPER (Totanus ochropus ).
This bird has not been noted of late years, the last I heard of
having been on 6th January, 1885, when one was shot at
Kirkland, Kirkmichael.
The specimens alluded to by Yarrell as shot in Dumfriesshire
were, according to Jardine, killed in spring at the mouth of a
small tributary of the Annan, where they remained some days,
notice having been sent to Mr. Murray of their being there, as a
bird not known. They had also been seen near the same spot
in previous years. Once or twice the Green Sandpiper has been
seen near Jardine Hall in winter, stationary for some weeks,
frequenting the banks of the Annan where it was soft or some
large ditches. One was shot in January, 1836, which had
remained for some time, and was frequently seen in some ditches
sheltered all round with wood. When disturbed, it would not
continue flitting along the ditch, but would at once rise over
the trees and leave for the time, its return being often intimated
by its shrill whistle when passing in before alighting. Smellie
Watson shot a specimen near Castle Douglas in 1840. There
is another record of one shot at Barnhill, Terregles, about 1862.
REDSHANK (Z'otanus calidris ).
Of this abundant resident, Gray and Anderson said— Is
nowhere more abundant than in the Bay of Luce, from Port-
William to the Drumore coast. Its summer haunts are numerous
throughout the district, and present a variety of scenery from
the low-lying marshes of the south of Wigtown to the chain of
56 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
moorland lochs lying embosomed among some of the finest
mountain ranges in our district.” That, as you will note,
applied to Wigtownshire at the time, and does so yet. But else-
where in our area it was only after 1880 that a great extension
of the Redshank took place, by which its breeding haunts have
spread from the merses and mosses along shore to almost every
suitable place within our limits. Long after my boyhood, when
nesting rambles occupied, in their season, every hour of spare
time, there were no Redshanks to be found breeding away from
strictly shore localities. As I have said, they are everywhere
now-a-days in spring.
In winter, of course, they are very abundant, serving most
efficiently as sentries to every one of the wild birds within
hearing of their alarm calls, which are emitted on the slightest
appearance of anything suspicious.
SporreD RepsHank ( /otanus fuscus ).
This is a very scarce bird, and it is only within the last few
years that we have been able to establish it as an undoubted
migrant here. Those acquainted with the calls of the sea birds
were quite convinced of having heard it, but until Mr. Robert
M‘Call shot a specimen at the mouth of one of the creeks near
Carsethorn in October, 1900, its actual occurrence in Solway
had not been put beyond doubt.
GREENSHANK (Zotanus canescens ).
By the end of August, and thenceforward for some five or
six weeks or more, this species is often met with in certain
favoured spots. The mouths of the Dee and Urr, as well as
the Nith, are frequented, and they come considerable distances
up the tidal portions of these waters to feed on gravel banks.
There is a suspicion that the Greenshank breeds somewhere in
the recesses of the Galloway or Dumfriesshire hills, as young
birds have been shot in a very early stage of plumage.
BarR-TAILED GopwitT (Limosa lapponica ).
With the first big rush of migration in late August or earliest
September come the forerunners of this interesting species.
Thereafter their numbers steadily increase until October ends,
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. 57
and after that period they diminish rapidly, though seldom, if
ever, entirely absent till the northward flight takes place in
April or later. Comparatively few are to be seen on the banks
in the spring migration, for they arrive late and hurry on
quickly.
I have seen as many as five hundred in one flock, but thirty to
forty is the more ordinary number. Some autumns they are
very abundant, the season of 1882 being a memorable one in
this respect. In that year they seemed to be actually the
prevailing species. Comparatively infrequent on the other
estuaries, they abound on that of the Nith.
The soft oozy banks adjoining the green merse lands, and
quite away from the firm sand and shingle or gravel, are their
favourite haunts. Here their long upturned bills find suitable
spots in which to bore and prod. They seem to procure many
bivalve shell-fish in such places; at least I have regularly
found such pabulum in the stomachs of birds shot on spots of
this character.
Biack-TaILeD Gopwit (Limosa belgica ).
Although it is stated in the fourth edition of Yarrell, p. 490,
that “it is a tolerably regular visitant to the morasses of the
Solway,” I have not found it so in my experience. Specimens
were shot on the Nith, a couple of miles below Dumfries, in
November, 1881 and 1883, respectively, since which no others
seem to have turned up, although the species has been seen at
this particular part of the river occasionally.
Tae CurLtew (Numenius arquata).
What would our moors and mosses be like in spring and
summer without the vociferous whaups? One of the finest
charms of their loneliness is the ring of the wild voice of the
Curlew as its calls echo.and re-echo and reverberate from hill
to hill and from knowe to knowe till the very air itself seems
to be vibrating in unison! For my part, I always look upon
the day, or rather the night, when the whaups first come up in
a body to take possession of their inland quarters as the opening
of the season. It may happen as early as the 5th of February
or as late as the 14th of March, as it was in the years 1893 and
58 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
1881 respectively, but when it does happen, then spring has
assuredly come too. At one time, a long while ago now, I made
an investigation into the source of the food sought for by the
Curlews when they first arrive on the moors. It was a matter
of wonder to me what they could be getting in sufficient quantity
at a period which has apparently little to offer. Beetles were
what I found in the stomachs, and in comparatively huge
quantities. As a result, I compiled quite a long list of species
of Coleoptera. One has only to turn over a stone at the date
referred to, when the beetles will be found either newly awakened
from hibernation or freshly emerged from pupation. How the
Curlews get them is another question, for only the finest sun-
shine seems to tempt these insects forth. The Curlews of
Solway, for the most part, have clutches of four eggs, although
a clutch of three is frequent enough, and two is a figure quite
common. On some two occasions I have found clutches of five.
With the opening days of July the stay of the Curlews on the
moors and mosses is beginning to draw to a close. The old or
young bachelors and a few immature or feeble birds have
remained along-shore during the breeding season. But even of
these a few will go with the others to the breeding places. It
is these latter or the barren birds that leave first, and they seem
always to make straight off for the shore or its immediate
vicinity. Those with broods are in less hurry to go down
country. They gather together in small parties of one or two,
or sometimes more, families, coming or going for the first week
or two of July from their nesting haunts to the grass parks and
meadows or along the turnip fields. The principal business
at this time of the year on the part of the old birds is the
teaching of their young to avoid the arch enemy—man—and
every other thing or animal that seems the least bit suspicious.
As the young become stronger on the wing and more self-
reliant, the daily journey becomes longer and more varied, till
by the middle of August considerable flocks have gathered along
the seaboard districts. The autumn days progress into darker
and longer and more chilly nights, and the Curlews spend a
greater length of time in seeking their food on the broad
stretches of sand and mud left bare by the ebbing tide.
Now the home-bred birds are joined by those of more northern
THE WADERS OF SOLWAY. 59
and eastern origin, and the watcher will note how the flocks he
has been observing will disappear some dark October evening,
and how for the next few days only a few odd birds will be
seen. Then flocks muster up from he knows not where and
again go off, leaving comparatively few to pass the winter
mouths and enliven the wide solitudes of the sand banks with
their movements and long-drawn eerie cries.
The shore gunner has a great regard for the Curlew. Not for
any particular delicacy it may display as a table fowl, for, as a
matter of fact, its shore feeding on crabs, mussels, lug worms,
and such like dainties does not conduce to a flavour that recom-
mends it to a cultivated palate. The attractions of the Curlew
as a bird of sport lie in its extreme wariness. He who can get
his eye on a Whaup before it gets its eye on him, and who can
thereafter stalk and shoot it, is a sportsman worthy of com-
mendation, and, I my add, envy also.
WHIMBREL (Vumenius pheopus ).
In May it is an interesting occupation to watch the small
parties of Whimbrel passing on their migration from some such
favourable place of observation as Southerness Point. These
are, as a rule, at great heights, but their tittering calls will
attract the eyes upwards to the compact little flocks rapidly
passing out of sight. From the 10th to the 15th May, during
the mid-day hours, the Whimbrels will regularly be seen at this
time if the weather be warm and genial, with a gentle
breeze or none at all, and light, fleecy white clouds speckling
the skies. Only a few of these passing migrants alight, and
they never stay more than a day or so, although a succession is
kept up during the most of the month. Sir Wm. Jardine once
shot a pair on a salt marsh on the Ross at the mouth of the
Dee, which he thought were breeding, but no nest could be
found. On a moor in Closeburn a nest, supposed to be that
_ of a Whimbrel, was shown to me on June 15th, 1895. Two eggs
had been taken from it, one of which I examined. It looked
like that of a Whimbrel, and certainly no one could have
distinguished it from an authenticated egg, but, of course, full
proof was wanting. The Whimbrels stay long with us in
autumn, but are then scarce and local.
60 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Such, then, is my list of the Plovers and their kindred that
I can give as species belonging to the Solway area. No
ornithologist may question their superiority as a group of birds,
whether we look to their aggregate numbers, to their importance
as food (second only in this respect to the game birds them-
selves), to the sport they afford, or, above all, to the interest
they have for the bird student and the field naturalist. No
other group surpasses them in the extent and regularity of their
migrations nor in the vastness of the flocks that perform these
travels. Though of real songs they have none, yet their voices
have a music in their wild and multitudinous notes that enthrals
the nature lover, attuned, as they are, to the murmur of the
waves and the threnody of the winds.
A Campbeltown Palm-lily (Cordyline australis).
By Rev. Davip LanpssoroucH, LL.D.
[Read 26th December, 1905.]
Tue outstanding feature in the vegetation of tropical countries
is the Palm; in sub-tropical it is the Palm-lily. In some, as in
parts of our own, several species of both grow together. This,
however, is only of recent years. The late Lady Campbell,
South Park, Campbeltown, had the honour of being the first
person to plant a Palm-lily (Cordyline australis) in the open air
in Scotland. She was richly rewarded: the tree grew till it
became the amazement of all who beheld it. Looking at it,
one was ready to doubt if they were in cold Scotland, while
persons who had lived in Japan and similar countries were made
to feel as if they were in those countries again. It had been
planted in a most favourable spot, and it so grew in height as
to be taller than some species of Palm. Its canopy was specially
remarkable, and had a spread such as few species of Palm attain,
while the great bunches of flower terminating its branches when
in bloom made a display such as the flowers of no true Palm
A CAMPBELTOWN PALM-LILY. 61
ever exhibits. It would have been a grand example even in its
native country, for a gentleman who for years held a high
official position in New Zealand said he had never seen there
its equal; while Professor Balfour, on seeing its photograph,
said he had never seen another so good. How completely it
had taken to its new home was shown by the seed which fell
from the tree germinating in the borders and footpaths beneath,
these being distributed to friends all around. Thus was it for
many years; but, alas! the tree is now a thing of the past. I
have said that the spot where it was planted seemed most
favourable, but few things are perfect. It grew most luxuriantly,
but this also tended to its ruin. A great storm came from an
unusual quarter and in the direction in which it was most
exposed, and its luxuriance gave the wind the greater hold
upon it. The result was that it was so injured that it was
taken down. Now it is represented by its progeny. I give the
measurement of the largest of these—one planted in 1877.
August, 1905.—Height of trunk, 7 feet 8 inches; height of
tree, 22 feet; spread of branches, 16 feet 8 inches; girth of
stem, 3 feet 5 inches at five feet from the ground; at base,
5 feet 6 inches; flowers this summer, twelve great terminal
bunches.
Parent Tree.—The parent tree was planted about 1860, and
was thus more than a half older than the one sprung from its
seed. It would thus have now been 30 feet in height, and with
the very remarkable spread for a plant bearing the name of
Palm of fully 25 feet, and bearing about a score of magnificent
heads of flowers. The popular New Zealand name, “ Umbrella
Palm,” is given from its umbrella-like spread.
Rope made of the Fibre of the Campbeltown Palm-Lilies.—
Lady Campbell, as above stated, experimented in planting a
Palm-lily in the open air at Campbeltown. Captain Stewart,
late R.N., Stronvaan House, Campbeltown, has continued: the
experiment by trying whether this tree, of rope-producing fibre
in Formosa and Japan, could be utilised for the same purpose in
Scotland. He caused leaves to be taken from the trees, steeped
62 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
them, separated the fibres, prepared them for being spun, and
sent them to the ropework. He also has met with success. A
rope, somewhat short in fibre, but very strong, is the result. I
send a small piece as an example. Had the Cordyline been
introduced to this country in the days of our fathers, many a
good rope and tether would at the coast have been made from
it. Now, however, it would not be profitable, as trade is open
with countries where the Palm-lily grows much more rapidly
than in Scotland. It is, however, very interesting to know that
from so remarkable a tree, growing in our gardens, as the
Cordyline, a strong and durable cordage can be manufactured.
We therefore heartily congratulate Captain Stewart on his
success.
Nesting Dates of some of the Waders (Charadriide).
By Joun Roserrson.
“
[Read 27th February, 1906. ]
Tue nesting periods of our local breeding birds, the earliest
and latest dates, together with the number of eggs comprising
the“tfutches, are matters which might very well have more
attention devoted to them, as I think most of our waders
begin to lay earlier than the text-books say. In the hope of
drawing more attention to the subject, I give some particulars
regarding those waders with which I am most familiar.
Rincep Piover (4gialitis hiaticula)—On 10th April, 1898,
at Girvan, I saw a nest with one egg. This I considered early,
but on 3rd April, 1904, a nest with one egg, also at Girvan,
was seen by several members of the Andersonian Naturalists’
Society. On 15th July, 1905, in Bute, I saw a nest with three
eggs, apparently fresh.
GoLpEN Piover (Charadrius pluvialis)—The 10th of April
is about the date on which this species begins to nest on Mearns
Moors; but there, on 9th April, 1893, I took a nest with four eggs,
at an altitude of nearly 700 feet. These eggs were not quite fresh,
NESTING DATES OF SOME OF THE WADERS. 63
and the first egg had probably been deposited on the 3rd of the
month. On the other hand, on 17th July, 1898, at an excursion
of the Andersonian Naturalists’ Society, I saw young in down,
only a day or two hatched, nearly 2,000 feet up on Benyellary,
Kirkeudbrightshire. This locality is about two miles beyond the
limits of “ Clyde.”
Lapwine (Vanellus vulgaris). — Nesting begins, in normal
seasons, about 25th March.
OysterR-CatcHeR (Haematopus ostralegus).—The first days of
May are usually here before the Oyster-Catcher begins laying,
and I have seen eggs on the Farne Isles as late as 15th July.
In Bute the majority of nests contain three eggs, but two and
four are common. Four in a clutch is quite frequent—not an
occasional occurrence, as we are often told.
Wooncock (Scolopax rusticula)—Though locally numerous in
the “Clyde” area, my knowledge of the nesting habits of this
species is too limited to be able to say when nesting commences.
I have only seen two nests, and each of these contained two
eggs, on 2nd April.
Common Snipe (Gallinago celestis).—On the Mearns Moors tlie
first eggs are laid about 10th April.*
Donut (Z'ringa alpina).—Laying begins on the Mearns Moors
about 7th May. On 30th April, 1893, I saw a nest in which
one egg had been laid, but unfortunately it had been crushed
by a cow treading on the nest. This was on Eaglesham Moors,
at an elevation of about 750 feet. This species nests on the
natural pastures close to the shore in Bute, but I have been
unable to ascertain the exact nesting period there, although one
would naturally expect it to be considerably earlier than on the
moors of East Renfrewshire.
Common SanpprpEr (Z'otanus hypoleucus).—This species begins
to nest about 11th May. On 6th May, 1893, I discovered a nest,
with three eggs, at an elevation of about 1,150 feet, on the
Kilpatrick Hills. In Mitchell’s Birds of Lancashire an early
nest, with four eggs, is mentioned as having been taken by
Mr. T. Altham on 25th April, 1875, presumably in Lancashire.
* On 28th April, 1907, at an elevation of 650 feet on Eaglesham Moors,
I saw four young Snipe about three days hatched—almost a March nest.
64 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Assuming that the eggs were correctly identified, this is a
remarkable date.
RepsHank (Z'otanus calidris)—On Mearns Moors this species
does not begin to nest till about the 15th of April.
CurLew (Vumenius arquata).—The 16th of April marks the
beginning of the Curlew’s nesting season. I once saw a clutch
of five eggs on Mearns Moors, and the eggs were apparently all
laid by the same bird.
I have indicated the date on which each species commences to
nest, but these dates refer to the earliest nests, and laying may
not be general for some days later.
Some notes on the distribution of the Clyde
Crangonidae.
By ALEXANDER PATIENCE.
[Read 20th April, 1906.]
Our knowledge regarding the distribution of some of the rarer
species belonging to the family Crangonidae within the Clyde
sea-area has been somewhat limited, the records of their occur-
rence being confined to one or two localities only.
Some time ago, Dr. Thomas Scott, F.L.S., of H.M. Fishery
Board, Aberdeen, published an interesting and valuable contribu-
tion on the subject of the Crangonidae, bringing together for
the first time the various records of the Scottish species.* No
additional records had, however, been added for the Clyde species
since his list of the Crustacea was published for the British
Association meeting in Glasgow in 1901.f ©
Until the advent in that year, of the scientifically equipped
yacht, “ Mermaid,” belonging to the Millport Marine Biological
* «<< Some Notes on the Scottish Crangonidae,” Ann. of Scot. Nat. Hist.,
Oct., 1902, pp. 225-231.
+ Handbook on the Natural History of Glas., &c., 1901, p. 330.
nrc. FF
ee | ell
age ee ee ee
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CLYDE CRANGONIDAE. 65
Association, opportunities for the systematic investigation of
special groups in the Firth of Clyde had been“few, and dredging
was mainly confined to the shallower waters. Prior to that time
the principal work carried out in the deeper waters, beyond the
fifty-fathom limit, was accomplished (1) by the steam-yacht,
“Medusa,” under the direction of Sir John Murray, when
Dr. J. R. Henderson was enabled to carry out investigations
on the distribution of the Malacostraca, and was successful, not
only in increasing our knowledge of the distribution of many of
the rarer forms of the higher Crustacea, but in recording several
species which were new, not only to the Clyde sea-area, but to
the British Coasts ;* and (2) by the s.s. “ Garland,” belonging to
the Scottish Fishery Board, with which a considerable amount
of general investigation work was carried out from time to
time. The Crustacean records are embodied in Dr. Scott’s list
of the Clyde Crustacea, already referred to.
Since the “ Mermaid” was put into commission I have been able
at different times to carry out investigations on the distribution
of the Malacostraca on systematic lines, These investigations
extended from the Gareloch to the southern boundary of
the Clyde sea-area, including all the principal lochs and a
considerable part of the Barrier Plateau, dredging being carried
out in depths down to 107 fathoms. I have been able, therefore,
to gather quite a fair collection in this important group of the
Crustacea, which has shown a much more extended distribution
for some of the rarer forms, and this I now propose briefly to
set forth.
It may be interesting to note here that quite a number of the
Crustacean species, which I have been able to record from time to
time as having been observed apparently for the first time in
these waters, have been taken in depths within the twenty
fathom limit, so that even the shallower waters of the Clyde sea
area have not yet been exhausted of their biological treasures,
and doubtless many prizes yet await the labours of the
enthusiastic investigator.
In referring to the species in these notes, I have in the
meantime adopted the following classification of the genera
* Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glas., Vol. I. (N.8.), p. 317.
E
§6 | TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
proposed by Mr. Stanley W. Kemp, B.A., of the Irish Fishery
Board, Dublin.*
Notes on the Species.
GENUS PHILOCHERAS,}+ Stebbing, 1902.
Philocheras trispinosus (Hailstone).—I first came across this
species in July, 1904, while dredging in Kames Bay, Millport, in
about four fathoms, and in this locality I have subsequently
found it. Two females with ova measured from the extremity of
the rostrum to the end of the telson about 20 and 30 mm.
respectively. They could be quite readily distinguished from
among the adult specimens of Crangon vulgaris (Lin.) by the
coloration alone. The carapace was of a pale yellow colour
with a sprinkling of light reddish dots, the abdominal segments
being greyish brown dotted with light brown spots, while the
sides of the pleura were marked with dark brown. I also found
several specimens in Lamlash Bay, in the vicinity of King’s
Cross, in about eight fathoms. Most of the specimens from both
localities did not exceed 10 mm. in length, and came up in the
tow-net usually in company with C. vulgaris. At this stage of
growth they bear a close resemblance to, and may be readily
passed over for, the latter species of approximately the same
size, but, by a slight comparison, I found that P. trispinosus may
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7, Vol. XVII., p. 298.
ise pair of trunk-legs simple des ... 1. Sabinea.
Second pair of trunk-legs chelate, 2.
Second pair of trunk-legs about equal in length
2 | to first no 506 oc foe ... 2. Crangon.
Second pair of trunk-legs shorter than first, 3.
Second pair of trunk-legs scarcely one-third
the length of first ... S00 506 ... 3. Pontophilus
Second pair of trunk-legs about three-quarters
the length of first, 4.
Inferior apices of gills turned forwards, small ,
exopod at base of first pair of trunk-legs 4. Aigeon.
Inferior apices of gills turned backwards, no
exopod at base of first pair of trunk-legs 5. Philocheras.
+ Nom. nov. vice Cheraphilus. ‘‘ Marine Investigations in South Africa,”
Vol. I., p. 47.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CLYDE CRANGONIDAE. 67
be neatly distinguished from among the commoner species by the
presence of a narrow brownish-black band across the tail fan, and
by the larger and less densely packed spots with which. the
carapace and pleon are dotted. In each haul there would be
approximately one specimen of P. trispinosus to ten specimens of
C. vulgaris.*
Dr. Scott records this species from the Firth of Forth,
Aberdeen Bay, and the Moray Firth, and it has been recorded
by Dr. Norman, F.R.S., from Shetland. Apparently it has not
hitherto been recorded from any place on the West of Scotland.
Philocheras bispinosus (Westwood).—This is comparatively a
small species, the largest specimens we captured (some females
with ova), not exceeding 18 mm. in length. The carapace is
furnished with two small spines on the median line, one being
situated behind the base of the small and narrow rostrum, and
the other, which is generally not so prominent, a short distance
behind the first. The carapace is also furnished with many small
tubercles, some of which are arranged so as to give the appearance
of small irregular ridges, more or less parallel to the median line.
The majority of my specimens were of a pale greenish colour,
dotted with small light-brown spots, while the sides of the
pleura and carapace were marked with brown. Some specimens,
however, taken from off Aoidh Rock, Upper Loch Fyne, exhibited
a uniform reddish tint.7
* Nore.—While carrying on investigations during the summer of 1907,
I found this species to be moderately common off Hailie Shore, near Largs,
in about 2 to 6 fathoms, and on a sandy bottom. I also dredged a few
specimens off the north end of Great Cumbrae, on the same kind of ground.
+ Nore.—During this summer, 1906, I captured one or two specimens of
Philocheras in Garrison Bay, Millport (2-3 fms.), which agreed in all
respects with this species, save for the exceptional coloration. The
carapace was uniformly coloured a very dark brown, while the fourth
segment of the pleon and the tail-fan were each provided with a transverse,
although much lighter, dark-brown band. Mr. 8. W. Kemp, of the Irish
Fisheries Board, to whom | showed it, had no hesitation in referring it to
P. bispinosus, although he had never met with that type of coloration
before in this species. It might be interesting to add that quite a number
of small specimens of Hippolyte varians, Leach, from tbe same locality,
and measuring 10-12 mm. in length, exhibited exactly the type of
coloration that I found in P. bispinosus.
68 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Hitherto the records for its occurrence in the Clyde are
“off Cumbrae (R.), Ballantrae Bank (F.8.G.).” P. bispinosus,
however, is moderately common and widely distributed throughout
the Firth. We have taken it from several places in the Gareloch,
Loch Long, Loch Goil, Loch Striven, Upper and Lower Loch
Fyne, in depths from tive to forty fathoms; also from several
places on the Barrier Plateau. I have also found the remains of
this little shrimp in the stomachs of Gadus minutus (Lin.) from
the Largs Ohannel, and Merlucius merluccius (Lin.) from the
Barrier Plateau, about 1 mile N.W. of Ailsa Craig.
Females had ova during July, August, and September.
Philocheras echinulatus (M. Sars).—This species, like P.
sculptus (Bell), and Pontophilus spinosus (Leach), has a spiniferous
carapace. There are five prominent ridges which extend almost
the entire length of the carapace. The central one is armed with
three teeth, the principal ridge on either side, which is somewhat
irregularly formed, has six, while each of the other two lateral
ridges has two teeth towards the proximal end. On each side of
the central ridge, arising from the posterior end of the carapace,
is a very short ridge terminating in a small tooth.
Dr. Henderson records, ‘‘a single specimen off Skate Island,
Loch Fyne, 105 fathoms, mud,” and it is one of the species recorded
by the “Garland,” as occurring ‘‘ near the mouth of the Clyde
estuary, where it was found moderately frequent.” This species is
distributed along the whole of the deep water of the Arran Basin
in depths from fifty to one hundred and seven fathoms. We took
about one hundred specimens from various stations in the Kil-
brannan Sound,* the Channel to the east of Arran, and Lower
Loch Fyne. Approximately, there would be about one specimen
taken for every six specimens of Pontophilus spinosus (Leach).
It was also one of the species taken by the trawl from a number
of places on the Barrier Plateau. Females had ova in July and
September. ‘The largest specimens taken measured about 40 mm.
in length.
* We took from four stations in this deep trough from off Carradale to
the Cock of Arran, quite a number of specimens of Nika edulis, Risso, and
Pasiphea sivado (Risso) in 84, 76, 80, and 69 fathoms respectively.
——e——— se rc el
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CLYDE CRANGONIDAE. 69
Philocheras neglectus (G. O. Sars).—In this species the rostrum
is moderately broad, and well rounded at the apex. The
carapace is of a uniform brown colour, while the fourth abdominal
segment and tail-fan have each a transverse band of the same
colour. This conspicuous coloration might serve as a ready
means for the identification of the species, but as P. fasciatus
(Risso) imitates closely this type of coloration one requires to be
careful. The last-named species, however, may be readily
separated from P. neglectus by the broadly truncate apex of the
rostrum.*
Dr. Scott was the first to record this species from Loch
Tarbert (Loch Fyne) in 1886, and it is evidently not at all
common in our waters. My only captures have been two
specimens from Ettrick Bay, ven fathoms, and one specimen from
Lamlash Bay, eight fathoms.
Philocheras sculptus (Bell).—The rostrum in this species is
comparatively broad and abruptly truncate at the apex. (In one
of my specimens the apex is slightly concave.) There are five more
or less irregularly formed ridges armed with teeth. The central
ridge has two prominent teeth, the principal ridge on either side has
three or four very small teeth, and each of the two lateral ridges
have two strong teeth near to the proximal end. The dorsal
surface of the abdominal segments are sculptured, the third,
fourth, and fifth segments are keeled, and the sixth segment
*Nore.—Since this paper was read before the Society I have been
successful in obtaining a specimen of Philocheras fasciatus (Risso) from
Garrison Bay, Millport, in about two fathoms. It is a female with ova, and
measures about 20 mm. from extremity of rostrum to end of telson. The
carapace exhibited a greenish tint and was dotted with small brown spots,
the sides of the pleura being marked with deep purple. The abdominal
segments are of a much lighter green than the carapace. The fourth
segment exhibited both anteriorly and posteriorly pale grey bands, which
threw the middle portion (which had exactly the same tint of green as the
rest of the abdominal segments) into relief. This gave to the Crustacean
the appearance of having a transverse band on this segment of a much
darker hue. There was no indication of any band across the telson and
uropods. The departure from the normal coloration in this species and
P. bispinosus is interesting, but I am now inclined to the belief that,
among many of our Crustacean species, colour is of little specific value.
70 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
and proximal half ot the telson are channeled. Length, about
16 mm.
This is evidently a rare species in the Scottish seas, and there
are only two records hitherto for the Clyde, two specimens from
Lamlash Bay (Norman), and one specimen off Muggie Point in
20 fathoms (Henderson). I have taken two specimens altogether
of this species, one from off the Bullwood, Dunoon, in eight
fathoms (1892), and one from off Inchmarnock in fourteen
fathoms, hard ground (1901).
GENUS PONTOPHILUS, Leach.
Pontophilus spinosus, Leach.—The rostrum in this species has
a strong spine on each side near to the base. The carapace is
armed with five longitudinal ridges, which are much more regular
in form, however, and the teeth thereon more prominent than in
Piilocheras echinulatus. The central ridge and the principal
ridge on each side are armed with three strong spines. On the
other lateral ridges there are two teeth near to the proximal end.
This species is distributed from the mouth of the Gareloch to the
boundary of the Clyde sea-area, and I have noticed its occurrence
in the principal lochs and in many places over the Barrier
Plateau. It is moderately common throughout the deep water of
the Arran basin, having been trawled in depths up to 107
fathoms. I have also frequently dredged it in comparatively
shallow water. PA Me
Females had ova during April, July, and August. Largest
specimens measured about 55 mm. in length from apex of rostrum
to the end of telson.
GENUS CRANGON, Fabricius.
Crangon vulgaris (Lin.).—This is the commonest species in
the Firth of Clyde, belonging to the family Crangonidae, and is
found in abundance along all our sandy shores. I have also
found it in the River Clyde about one mile to the east of Lang-
bank in the mud-pools which are left by the ebb tide, where the
water is quite brackish. It was in company with Gobius minutus,
Gmel., Plewronectes flesus, Lin., Sphaeroma rugicauda, Leach.
Idothea viridis (Slabber), and Gammarus locusta (Lin).
THE PURPLE MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE IN ISLAY. 71
Crangon Allmanni, Kinahan.—This species closely resembles
C. vulgaris, but may be readily distinguished from that species
by the presence of two parallel keels with a deep groove between,
situated on the sixth segment of the pleon. It is, however, only
found in the deeper waters of our Firth, its distribution being
somewhat similar to that of Pontophilus spinosus, but it is usually
taken in the trawl in greater numbers than that species.*
—
Note on the Occurrence of Saxifraga oppositifolia, L.,
the Purple Mountain Saxifrage, on the Sea-coast
of Islay.
By Avex. SomerviLLz, B.Sc., F.LS.
[Read 24th April, 1906.]
Av the May meeting of the Society two years ago, our member,
Dr. Gilmour, Port-Ellen, was able to exhibit fresh specimens of
the Three-fingered Saxifrage, Saxifraga tridactylites, L., from
the Machrie Sand-dunes, Islay. The plant was new to his own
vice-county, the South Inner Hebrides, and, but for the record of
a single specimen from Tiree by Mr. S. M. Macvicar, would also
have been an addition to the known flora of the West of
Scotland.
On the present occasion, Dr. Gilmour has been able to send for
exhibition fresh flowering specimens of another Saxifrage, new
to his island and vice-county, viz., Saxifraga oppositifolia, L., a
plant very different from the previous, and indeed from all the
other seventeen British species of the genus; prostrate and
creeping in habit, and possessing a relatively large flower of
brilliant purple.
ee eae
* Norz.—Up till the present time I have been able, with the use of the
« Mermaid,” to make observations on the distribution of the Malacostraca
at about 720 stations in the Firth of Clyde. I hope, shortly, to place the
complete record, not only of these observations, but also of those I bad
made for some years prior to the advent of the “ Mermaid,” in the hands
of the Recorder in the Natural History Department of Glasgow University,
where they will be available for the use of marine zoologists.
72 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
We are accustomed to look on S. oppositifolia as a true
“alpine,” inhabiting the higher levels—the Students’ Flora,
indeed, giving its altitudinal range as extending to 4,000 feet.
What renders Dr. Gilmour’s discovery remarkable is that he
met with the plant, a fortnight ago, growing luxuriantly at
what we may call the zero of altitude, viz., on exposed coast
rocks of the Mull of Oa, at almost within reach of the waves!
Are we now, therefore, to add this plant to the short list of those
which are happy either at high, or at the lowest, levels, such as
the Sea-pink (Armeria), the Sea-campion (Szlene), or the Sea-
plantain (Plantago)?
How different is the habitat of the plant under notice from
the shifting sandy soil of the Islay golf course, where Sazifraga
tridactylites was shown, two years ago, to abound, in the month
of May, at a very few miles distance !
Dr. Gilmour has added various species to the known flora of
his island and vice-county, notably Hymenophyllum tunbridgense,
Sm., and the plant under notice. His name would doubtless
appear more frequently but for the memorable and exhaustive
botanical expedition to Kintyre and Islay conducted in 1844 by
the late Professor J. H. Balfour, and a party which included the
well-known Professor Babington and Dr. Parnell, author of the
Flora of the Grasses of Britain, and during which expedition
440 species were put on record as occurring in Islay. Then,
besides, our ex-President, Mr. Ewing, a few years ago did good
search work, adding various species to the Islay list.
Out of the 41 Watsonian vice-counties of Scotland, S. opposdti-
folia is stated in T'rail’s Topographical Botany of Scotland
(1898) to occur in 24, only two of these lying south of the
Forth and Clyde Canal. Perhaps its nearest natural habitat to
Glasgow is the summit of Ben Lomond, 27 miles distant, where
its purple cushions strike the eye here and there about the time
of Victoria Day (24th May).
Regarding the West of Scotland distribution of S. opposite-
folva, the plant is recorded from the Harris hills of the Outer
Hebrides and from the hills of Skye, and Mr. Macvicar has taken
it on the hills of West Inverness; but there is another somewhat
surprising, yet authentically recorded, station, viz., the Mull of
Kintyre, where, in 1844, Professor Balfour met with it near the
:
THE PURPLE MOUNTAIN SAXIFRAGE IN ISLAY. 73
Lighthouse, presumably on the neighbouring high clifis. This
is but twenty-eight miles in a direct line over-sea from Dr.
Gilmour’s Islay station on the Mull of Oa. We would like much
to know whether the plant still inhabits Kintyre peninsula.
Lastly, there is a record which certainly now requires con-
firmation, as it has been long unconfirmed. I refer to that of
“Clyde Isles ”—7.e., Buteshire. We know of no one who has
ever seen the plant there, in Arran or in Bute. The record is
set down by H. C. Watson in the Cybele Britannica, but with-
out personal authority.
It should be mentioned that S. oppositifolia finds a congenial
home in several North of England, Welsh, and West of Ireland
high-level stations.
In regard to the foreign distribution of our plant, Ostenfeld’s
Flora of the Faroes (1901) states it to grow in that island
group, and in Babington’s Flora of Iceland (1870) it is stated
to occur in various localities, where it sometimes bears white
as well as purple flowers.
As to its geographical range elsewhere abroad, Bentham
(1866) has to state that it is to be found “in moist alpine
situations in the higher mountain ranges of Europe, and in
Russia and Central Asia, extending far into the Arctic regions,”
and we note that Sir Joseph Hooker includes America also.
So the plant before us girdles the world in the upper part
of its Northern Hemisphere, while at the same time it has the
humility—shall we term it—to bloom beautifully on our garden
rockeries, as was seen at the excursion of the Society to Doon-
holm, Ayrshire, on the 16th of the present month.
P.S.— Professor Trail kindly informs me that Sazxifraga
oppositifolia is to be met with on the sea-coast in Aberdour
and eastern Gamrie, in Northern Aberdeenshire and Banffshire.
714 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
On the Occurrence of Gobius orca, Collett, within
the Clyde Sea Area.
By ALEXANDER PaTIENCE.
[Read 29th May, 1906.]
WuiILe carrying on investigations on the steam yacht “ Mermaid,”
during the summer of 1901, I found among the organisms
brought up by the trawl a small fish belonging to the family
Gobiidae, which resembled in some respects Gobius Jeffreysi,
Giinther. It differed obviously, however, from that species in
the coloration. Professor MacIntosh, F.R.S., of St. Andrew’s
University, was good enough to examine it for me, and identified
the species as Gobius orca, Collett.
The following are the chief specific characters :—Body much
compressed, the greatest depth being slightly more than half of
the length of the head. Head depressed, and is contained a
little more than four times in the total length. Lower jaw
projects beyond the upper. Eyes situated superiorly, very large
and almost contiguous. Head and throat scaleless. Scales of
the body comparatively large. First and second spines of the
anterior dorsal produced into filaments. Basal membrane uniting
the ventral fins absent. The coloration of the body is of a
ereyish brown, without distinct spots or bands, but on the sides,
below the beginning of the first dorsal fin, at the end of the
anal, and base of the caudal, there is a darker shading, tinged
with brilliant blue, which gives to the living animal a rather
beautiful appearance. The first dorsal is of a uniform brownish-
black. The second dorsal has alternate brownish-black and faint
white bands.
S22. Di 10-11 ALS s VER BeOP aie Leas
This species, which is among the smallest and rarest of
European fishes, was first described by Robert Collett, of
Christiania, in 1874,* from a specimen captured by Professor
* Annals and Mag. Nat. History, Vol. 13, Ser. 4. pp. 446-7.
GOBIUS ORCA, COLLETT, WITHIN THE CLYDE SEA AREA. 75
Sars, Jun., at Espevar, in the mouth of Hardangerfjord (59° 35’),
from a depth of 80. to 100 fathoms, in 1873. Altogether, six
specimens have been taken off the Norwegian coast. During the
cruise of the steam yacht “|’Hirondelle,” belonging to the Prince
of Monaco (1885-8), two small specimens, measuring about
24 mm., were taken at the depth of 166 m. in the Gulf of
Gascoigne, off Sables d’Olonne (Lat. 46° 27’ N., Long. 6° 30’ O.).*
The only reference to its occurrence in the British Seas is
found in Collett’s work referred to, where he observes — “ En
dehors de la Norvége, sa présence n’a été constatée jusqu’ 4 présent
que sur la céte nord de |’Ecosse (Kilbrannan Sound), ot on en
a recueilli un individu en mars 1888 ; cet exemplaire a été décrit
et figuré par Ginther sous le nom de G@. /effreysz, male.” 7
OccurrENcE.—I have taken altogether three specimens within
the Firth of Clyde during the past five years—
(1) Largs Channel, between Keppel Pier and Fairlie Sands}
(Lat. 55° 45’ N., Long. 4° 54' W.), 19 fathoms, hard
ground, by shrimp trawl. A female (mature), 36 mm. ;
to root of caudal, about 29 mm.
(2) Between Scalpsie Bay and Cock of Arran (Lat. 55° 44’ N.,
Long. 5° 11’ W.), 75-89 fathoms, mud, by shrimp trawl,
male, length, 34 mm.; to root of caudal, 26 mm.
(3) In mid-channel (Lat. 55° 41’ N., Long. 5° W.), 51 fathoms,
mud, by shrimp trawl, male; length, 34 mm.; to root
of caudal, 27 mm.
Gobius orca has now been assigned to the genus Lebetus,
instituted by Winther, in 1877, to receive this and a closely
allied species, G. scorpioides, Collett, in which the structure
of the ventrals is somewhat different from that which obtains
in most of the other species of Gobius (which consists in not
having the base united by a membrane). Collett, however,
observes in this connection — “Mais, comme cette membrane
* Résultats des Campagnes Sc. de ‘‘1l’Hirondelle,” Fascicule X. poissons
par Collett, p. 41.
+ Op. cit., p. 43 (for Collett’s reference (115), vide Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinr.,
March, 1888, p. 210, pl. III., fig. B).
} We also took at this station a fine specimen of Raniceps raninus (Lin.).
The only other record for its occurrence in the Clyde is by Dr.
Scouler, in 1860 (Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, Vol. I., p. 8, 1868).
76 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
transversale peut parfois étre basse ou peu distincte, méme chez
les Gobies typiques, il est douteux que l’on doive conserver le
genre Lebetus.” *
In two Clyde specimens of Gobius minutus, Gmel., taken in
Minard Bay, Loch Fyne, in 1901, the membrane at the base of
the ventrals was only very slightly indicated.
The closely allied species, Gobius Jeffreysii, Giinther, can be
readily recognised by the presence of five dark prominent spots
along the middle of the body, and by a dark, indistinct line
descending from the eye.
Giinther has recorded this species from three localities in the
Clyde. It is, however, not uncommon, and is widely distributed
throughout the Firth, in depths from 10 to 80 fathoms. I have
observed it very frequently in the trawl during the past five
years.
Little Stint (7ringa minuta) at Balgray Reservoir.
By Joun RoBERTSON.
[Read 29th May, 1906. ]
On 2nd September, 1905, I saw two, and on the following day
four, Little Stints at Balgray Reservoir, East Renfrew. They were
evidently birds of the year. They looked like small Dunlins, but
the margins of the feathers on the upper parts were much lighter,
not so tawny as in the Dunlin, and this gave the birds a lighter
appearance. Their bodies were not so stout, being thinner and
proportionately longer than the Dunlin’s. Their bills were
smaller, black, and almost, if not quite, straight. The legs were
blackish. When standing with their backs towards one, there
was a light, straight line on each side of the bird, beginning
at the shoulder, and appearing to meet at the back. The
under parts were nearly white, as was the throat, but the breast
had a rufous tinge. There was a decided eye stripe. When
* Op. cit., p. 42.
THE COMMON SANDPIPER. tal
away from the company of Dunlins, the Little Stints seemed
easier of approach. When flying they had a somewhat uncertain,
wavering flight. The note was quite different from the Dunlin’s,
being weak and high-pitched, though rather pretty. It was
somewhat like the syllables “peet, peet, peeter, peet.” The
note is said to resemble that of the Sanderling, but subsequently
I had favourable opportunities at Troon of hearing the Sander-
ling’s note, which, to my ear, was quite different. It was an
explosive “wick, wick,” stronger, but not capable of being
heard so far off as that of the Little Stint. Each “wick” was
separate, no suspicion of an “r” running through the syllables
‘nd uniting them. To me the note of the Little Stint was much
prettier than that of the Sanderling.
The part of the reservoir the Little Stints frequented most
was a narrow margin of mud laid bare by the receding water,
so soft that even with their light weight they sank in it, and
only walked about with considerable difficulty.
The Common Sandpiper (Totanus hypoleucus).
By Joun Roperrson.
[Read 29th May, 1906.]
Tue Common Sandpiper, in general appearance, is of a brownish-
grey on the upper parts and the breast, while the under parts
are white. When in flight an indistinct whitish bar is seen
aeross the wings as well as white tips on the outer tail feathers.
It is a summer migrant, arriving from the first week of April
onwards. A lively and engaging bird it soon makes its presence
known by its cheery notes which have been rendered “ Tibby
thiefy, tibby thiefy” or “ Kylie-leekie, kylie-leekie.” It moves
about a great deal after dark, and is often first heard for the
season, calling as it passes overhead at night, but this wandering
at night is not confined to the time of arrival, but may be noted
at any time during the season the bird is with us.
78 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
During the first few days after arrival, especially if the weather
is mild, the birds fly hither and thither over the water evidently
in great excitement. Sometimes they are just skimming over
the water, at other times they are high up, beating the air with
short strokes of the wing, giving the impression that the wing
joints are stiff and the birds are trying to make them supple by
practice. All the time they are giving vent to a pleasant trilling
note, their nearest approach to a song.
This species frequents all kinds of streams and sheets of water,
sluggish rivers and mountain torrents, lakes and ponds, but it has
a preference for those with gravelly and sandy banks or margins.
Although said not to frequent the sea coast, in my experience it
is quite common there.
I have seen nests by the shore in Bute, on Sgat Mohr, and
Liath Eilean in Lochfine, small islets without a drop of fresh
water. On Inchmarnock, among a number of eggs destroyed by
Carrion Crows were those of the Common Sandpiper. When I
paid a visit to the island of Eigg a few years ago, one of the first
birds I saw when I landed was a Common Sandpiper which I
flushed from a nest and four eggs not fifty feet from salt water.
I found the bird common all round the Island of Muck, which
cannot boast of a respectable burn. In fact, any time I have
been at the coast, in the season, I have found the bird more or
less numerous. It is not particular whether the water is salt or
fresh, clean or dirty. It even nests on the banks of the sluggish
and polluted White Cart in Nether Pollok and Hawkhead
Estates. I remember when it used to frequent an old clay pit
between Pollokshaws Road and Victoria Road, Glasgow, and_
probably nested there.
By the first week of May the early birds begin to select
nesting sites. The earliest nest I have seen was on 6th May,
1893, one with three eggs, on the Kilpatrick Hills. The site
chosen is usually on some sloping bank, it may be at the water’s
edge, or it may be 300 yards back from the water. The nest is a
slight affair, not, as a rule, very well concealed. <A hollow
scratched in the ground, with a few pieces of grass, dead leaves,
or withered herbage, receives the four pear-shaped eggs. These
are placed with the pointed ends inwards and downwards, so that
they are nearly standing on end, and consequently occupy an
THE COMMON SANDPIPER. 79
extremely small space for their size. They are of various shades
of light brown, blotched, and spotted with darker brown and
lilac, and they are very handsome.
When the nest is approached the bird usually flies off silently
towards the water, and if the direction of flight is carefully noted
the nest can be located with tolerable ease. If one comes on the
nest suddenly, however, the bird tumbles off, and runs along with
wings outspread and fan-shaped tail trailing along the ground, at
the same time uttering a squealing note. Should the disturber
remain in the vicinity of the nest or young the two old birds
fly around making a great deal of noise. They will then alight on
trees, shrubs, or fences, and give vent to their feelings against the
intruder by uttering notes of alarm as frequently and as loudly as
they are able. The young in down are delightful little creatures,
and run soon after they are hatched.
Before they are able to fly they squat to escape observation as
a rule, but if close to water they will take to it readily and dive,
coming up some yards away, and remaining motionless by the
water’s edge or hiding under herbage.
By the end of July the Common Sandpiper begins to collect in
small flocks of ten to twenty birds. The greatest number I have
ever seen in a flock was twenty-four at Balgray Reservoir.
This habit of collecting in small flocks is one that is
not mentioned in books on birds, but in this locality it is
quite characteristic of the bird. They are then very restless,
flying to and fro over the water, calling all the time. From the
beginning of August this species grows less in numbers, till by
. October they have all departed, I have never seen it later than
the end of September.
80 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
On some Terrestrial Isopods new to the Clyde Faunal
Area, and some Notes on the Distribution of the
Rarer Species.
By ALEXANDER PATIENCE.
[Read 26th June, 1906. ]
Tur Terrestrial Isopods do not seem to have received much
attention from Scottish naturalists. Of the twenty-five species
recorded for the British Isles, only ten have been hitherto
recorded for Scotland, nine of which have been noted as occurring
within the Clyde faunal area.
The principal contributions to this subject have been made by
the late Dr. Robertson, Millport,* and Dr. Thomas Scott, F.L.S.,
of H.M. Fishery Board, Aberdeen.+ But a glance at the following
list of Clyde species by Dr. Scott, published in 1901, will at once
show that our knowledge of the distribution of most of the rarer
species was somewhat limited :—
Fam. OniscrpAz [LIGrDAkE, }
Ligia oceanica (Lin.).—Under stones, &c. ; more or less ec. in various
places, : : : : : . .
Fam, TRICHONISCIDAE.
Trichoniseus pusillus, Brandt.—Cumbrae (R. I, 86): Rothesay, nr.
Aquarium (S.). Prob. not une. if carefully sought for.
T. roseus, Koch.—E. Tarbert (S.).
Fam. ONISCIDAE.
Oniscus asellus (Zin.).—Gen. dist. and mod. ec.
Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli).—Widely dist. and not very une.
(R, I, 85).
Porcellio scaber, Zatr.—C. and gen. dist.
P. pictus, Brandt.—Cumbrae (R.): Ayrshire (Smith): nr. Campbel-
town, 1896 (S.).
Cylisticus convexus (De Geer), . . . . « « .—Kilwinning
(Smith, vide R. I, 88): Lanarkshire: Rothesay (S.).
Armadillidium vulgare (Zatr.).—Mouth of Garnock (Smith, see
R. I, 88).
* Catalogue of the Amphipoda and Isopoda of the Firth of Clyde. Trans,
Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, vol. 2, pp. 9-99, 1888.
+ Brit. Assoc. Handbook of the Natural History of Glasgow, 1901,
Isopoda, pp. 335-336,
|
TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS. 81
Feeling, therefore, that something more might be done to
increase our knowledge upon this subject, I have devoted some
considerable time during the past few months in further study-
ing the distribution of these forms within this area, and propose
to set forth here, briefly, the results I have obtained, with the
hope that some other naturalists might be led to pursue the
subject further; for I have but little doubt that careful in-
vestigation in the right places will reveal many of these
interesting forms.
While engaged in this work many opportunities, which I
gladly accepted, were kindly offered to me for investigating
hothouses, orchards, cultivated and other private grounds, to
which entrance could be obtained only by express permission.
I am now able, therefore, not only to note the occurrence of
three additional species, but also to record a much more extended
distribution for most of the rarer species already known to
exist within this area.
Terrestrial Isopods, or, as they are commonly called, “ Wood-
lice,” are of retiring habits, and are generally to be found beneath
stones, decaying timber, vegetable matter, in manure heaps,
and in moss-grown places—in fact, generally in situations where
they obtain a certain amount of moisture, which seems to be
necessary for their existence, their breathing organs being to
some extent branchial in character.
But I have found a number of species of the genera Oniscus,
Porcellio, Cylisticus, and Metoponorthus living in considerable
numbers in the hothouses which I have been allowed to examine,
especially in tomato-houses, where the food is both choice and
abundant, where there is usually a sufficient amount of moisture—
at least for these species—due to the regular watering of the plants,
and where the warmer temperature is evidently appreciated by these
organisms. The species belonging to the family Trichoniscidae,
however, do not seem to find the conditions of hothouse life at
all agreeable, and consequently seem to shun these situations.
In all probability the amount of moisture is quite insufficient
for these smaller wood-lice, and in almost all the cases where
I have found them inhabiting greenhouses, the temperature was
not much higher than that which obtained outside. It might
be necessary to state here that all the species I have ‘met
F
82 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
with living in hothouses I have also found in quite open
situations.
These wood-lice do considerable damage to the plants, how-
ever, evidently enjoying the food offered by the roots of the
young plants, among which I have found them often in clusters.
They receive, in consequence, but scanty consideration from the
fruit-grower. But they are not always strict vegetarians, and
will not hesitate, should the necessity and opportunity arise, to
sacrifice some near relation. While keeping a number of in-
dividuals of Cylisticus converus (De Geer) in captivity, I found
that they had no scruples in making a meal, occasionally, of
some of the weaker members of the family, and once, having
occasion to put together in a tube an individual of this species
and one of T'richoniscus roseus (Koch), I found, on returning
to examine the creatures some time afterwards, that all that
remained of the latter was a little bit of his outer coat.
One fact which struck me while observing these wood-lice in
the hothouses and elsewhere was the apparent associating of
certain species with others. In some places I found Porcellio
dilatatus Brandt, mixing freely with Cylisticus convexus, both
species being present in considerable numbers. Ina small green-
house in Camphill Gardens, Glasgow, I met with some individuals
of Trichoniscus pygmaeus, G. O. Sars, and 7’. pusillus, Brandt, in
company with hundreds of 7’. rosews, and no other wood-lice near.
In one hothouse Metoponorthus pruinosus, Brandt, seemed to hold
the place to the almost total exclusion of all others. P. dilatatus
being found very sparingly inside, though they were in fair
numbers in the grounds in the neighbourhood ; while in
another hothouse C’. converus was the only species in evidence,
and there they were present in considerable numbers. In open
situations I have found the three species, Oniseus asellus, Lin.,
Porcellio scaber, Latr., and Cylisticus convexus, generally in
company.
New Recorps.
Genus TricHoniscus, Brandt, 18353.
Trichoniscus pygmaeus, G. O. Sars.—This is one of the smallest
of the land-isopods, the adult female measuring about 24 mm.
It may be distinguished from all other species of the genus by
the three-articulate flagellum of the antenne, by the lateral parts
{
:
TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS. 83
of the segments of the mesosome being armed with small spines,
and, in the male, by the conspicuous copulative organs. These
latter I have dissected out, and they agree with the details
given by Sars—“Inner ramus of first pair of pleopoda greatly
produced, with the terminal joint narrow knifeshaped; that of
the second pair bi-articulate, proximal joint very short, distal
joint long and slender, styliform.” I have met this species in
company with 7’. roseus in two localities (3, 4). While moving
about it cannot very readily be distinguished from the young
forms of that species of approximately the same size (about
2 mm.), as the difference in colour is not discernible, although,
by watching closely, the movements of one of the species
(ZT. roseus) are seen to be appreciably quicker. Under the
microscope, however, the following differences are revealed :—
In 7. roseus the colour, as a rule, in these young specimens
is uniformly light orange, while in 7. pygmaeus it is whitish,
with a few light-red pigmentary ramifications across the seg-
ments of the mesosome. The eyes in 7. roseus appear to consist
of a single visual element, while in 7. pygmaeus there are three
visual elements, which are arranged in a triangular form. The
tubercles of the dorsal face are more prominent in 7’. roseus, and
the flagellum of the antenne is usually quite distinctly four-
articulate, even at. this early stage of growth. Length of adult
male, 2 mm. ; of female, about 2} mm,
Occurrence. — (1) Field near Carntyne Road, Glasgow; (2)
field, Cumbernauld Road, Glasgow; (3) conservatory, People’s
Palace, Glasgow; (4) Camphill Gardens, Glasgow; (5) field,
Poplar Park, Lanark; (6) road near Wemyss Bay Station.
This species is apparently new to Great Britain. It has been
recorded by Sars for the vicinity of Christiania, Norway.
Genus Porcetiio, Latr., 1804.
Porcellio dilatatus, Brandt, is closely allied to the common
form, P. scaber, Latr., but may be readily distinguished from
that species by its unusually broad body and by the shape of
the last segment of the metasome, which is rounded at the tip
and is not dorsally grooved. It is not so strongly tuberculated
as is P. scaber. The colour is dark slaty-grey, but somewhat
84 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
lighter than the last-named species, and it is slower in its
movements. I observed the young escaping from the brood-
pouch of the female during the months of June, July, August,
and September. Length of adult male, 12 mm.; female, 13 mm.
Occurrence. —(1) Poplar Park, Lanark; hothouses, in con-
siderable numbers; sparingly in grounds in neighbourhood ; (2)
Clachranehill, Ayr; hothouses and grounds, though not in abun-
dance; (3) Toadhills, Kilwinning; hothouses and grounds, not
very common; (4) Millbrae, Chryston; hothouses, considerable
numbers ; grounds, few; (5) Queen’s Park Gardens and Camphill
Gardens, Glasgow, few.
Genus Meroronortuus, B. Lund, 1879.
Metoponorthus pruinosus, Brandt, may be distinguished from
the species of the genus Porcellio by the almost straight frontal
margin, the slight development of the lateral lobes of the cephalon,
and the narrow metasome. The antenn are long and slender,
and are banded with white. The colour of the dorsal face is dark
reddish brown, but when the animal is alive and moving about it
exhibits a uniform violet grey, which gives to the animal a rather
striking and beautiful appearance. This is due to a substance
which easily comes off when the animal is handled. It is one
of the most agile of the wood-lice. Length of adult male,
9 mm.; of female, 10 mm.
OccurreNnce.—(1) Poplar Park, Lanark ; hothouses and grounds,
not uncommon; (2) Clachranehill, Ayr; hothouses, considerable
numbers ; grounds, sparingly ; (3) Toadhills, Kilwinning ; grounds,
few; (4) Millbrae, Chryston; hothouses and grounds, few; (5)
Botanic Gardens and Queen’s Park Conservatory, Glasgow, few.
NOTES ON THE OTHER SPECIES.
Trichoniscus pusillus, Brandt. — Common and widely distri-
buted ; very sparingly in hothouses examined. In open situations
sometimes in considerable numbers.
Principat Locarities.—(1) Several places in Great Cumbrae ;
(2) near Rothesay; (3) near Langbank; (4) near Wemyss Bay
SS eee eee
TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS. 85
Station; (5) several places, Stonebyres Estate, Lanark ; (6) near
Kilwinning; (7) near Ayr; (8) Millbrae, Chryston; (9) near
Inveraray ; (10) near Girvan; (11) many places round Glasgow.
Trichoniscus roseus (Koch). — Widely distributed, and some
times found in considerable numbers. This species is very
attractive in consequence of its beautiful colour, which I have
found to range from light orange to blood red. Some specimens
from locality (1) are almost quite white. They were in com-
pany with 7. pusillus under a decayed log of wood. The
situation was in quite open ground, and I cannot, therefore,
account for the abnormal coloration. Females with ova during
the months of July, August, and September, and many young
individuals during these months.
Principan Locauitms.—(1) Near Kames Bay, Cumbrae; (2)
Stonebyres Estate, Lanark ; (3) near Ayr ; (4) near Lochgilphead ;
(5) Garelochhead ; (6) near Campbeltown ; (7) some fields, White-
inch, Glasgow; (8) Botanic Gardens, Glasgow; (9) Camphill
Grounds, Glasgow ; (10) conservatory, People’s Palace, Glasgow.
Porcellio pictus, Brandt.—This beautifully marked species is
evidently rare. I have never found more than one or two
individuals together. It seems to affect drier situations than
any other species of wood-lice, all my specimens being got about
dry-stone dykes.
Locatitims.—(1) Clydesbrae, Lanark ; (2) King’s Cross, Arran ;
(3) Toadhills, Kilwinning; (4) Carntyne Road, Glasgow; (5)
Langbank ; (6) Rothesay, Bute; (7) Garelochhead.
Cylisticus converus (De Geer).— Common and widely distri-
buted, and in some places in considerable numbers.
PrincipaL Locaritms.—(1) Many places, Stonebyres Estate,
Lanark ; (2) Toadhills, Kilwinning; (3) Clachranehill, Ayr; (4)
Millport, Cumbrae; (5) Wemyss Bay; (6) West Kilbride; (7)
Garelochhead ; (8) Minard, Loch Fyne; (9) near Greenock ; (10)
Millbrae, Chryston ; (11) conservatories, Botanic Gardens, Alex-
andra Park, and Queen’s Park ; (12) many open situations around
Glasgow.
86 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
C. converus, var.—This colour variety is almost pure white,
relieved by a narrow, irregular, dark-brown band on the median
line, running from cephalon to tip of last segment of metasome,
with a few small patches of the same colour on both sides of
mesosome.
OccurrenceE.—(1) Two specimens in a hothouse in Poplar Park,
Lanark, where, I am informed, they have been frequently seen ;
one specimen from hothouse, Clachranehill, Ayr.
Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli).—Widely distributed, but never
found in great numbers. This species bears some resemblance
to Metoponorthus pruinosus, but may be readily distinguished
by the tri-articulate antennal flagellum.
Armadillidium vulgare (Latr.).—I have never met with this
species. The only record of its occurrence in this area is on the
authority of the late Dr. Robertson, Millport, from specimens
taken at the mouth of the Garnock, and sent to him by Mr. John
Smith, Kilwinning.
Norr.—Since this paper was read before the Society, I have found the
following additional species in various localities in the Clyde faunal area :
Trichoniscus stebbingi, n.s. (described in the Linnean Society’s Journal—
Zoology, Vol. XXX., pp. 42-44, pl. 7, May, 1907); Z'richoniscus spinosus,
n.s. (described in ‘*The Annals of Scottish Natural History,” pp. 85-88,
pl. III., April 1907); Zrichoniscoides albidus, B. Lund ; Trichonascoides,
species (?) Haplophthalmus danicus, B. Lund; H. mengii (Zaddach) ;
Armadillidium nasatum, B. Lund; and A. vulgare (Latr.).
The six latter species, however, will form the subject of another paper.
Reports on Excursions.
Hunrterston AND Farruiz, 2nd September, 1905.—Mr. D. A. |
Boyd, conductor. This excursion was arranged jointly with the
West Kilbride Natural History and Archeological Society, but
owing to unpromising weather the attendance only numbered
thirteen. Leaving West Kilbride, the party proceeded direct to
Hunterston by way of Highthorn, the Ayrshire home of Lieut.
General Sir Archibald Hunter, K.C.B., D.S.O. Through
permission kindly granted by Mrs. Hunter-Weston, access was
obtained to the gardens and policies at Hunterston, where some
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 87
time was pleasantly spent. Numerous fungi, mostly common
species of Russula, Lactarius, &e., were observed in the woods.
From Hunterston to Fairlie the route lay along the seashore,
where various maritime and other interesting plants were noted,
including Ranunculus sceleratus, Eryngium maritimum, Sueda
maritima, Salicornia herbacea, Scirpus maritimus, Zostera
marina, Z. nana, Tortula ruraliformis, T. levipila, Zygodon
viridissimus, &c. Owing to rainfall, however, an extended search
for plants could not conveniently be made on the shore.
GarscuBE, 16th September, 1905.— Mr. John Renwick,
conductor. There were about fifteen members and friends
present at this excursion, eight of them provided with cameras.
The policies of Garscube are situated to the north-west of
Glasgow, partly within the city boundary and partly in the
County of Dumbarton, the River Kelvin here forming the
boundary between the two. The river has worn a deep ravine
through the sandstones and shales, and the views are very
picturesque.
Entering by the lodge nearest to Maryhill the party descended
to the side of the river, crossing it by a slight suspension bridge,
and proceeded up the valley to the house. The policies are well
wooded, and contain many fair specimens of Oaks, Beeches, &c.,
none of them of any great girth. Near the house, on the side of
the river, is a fine Beech; girth, 13 ft. at 5 ft.; bole, 16 ft. ;
height, 80 ft.; spread, 80 ft. There is a black Poplar near the
mill, girth, 11 ft. 2} ims. at 5 ft.; bole, 50 ft. An American
Oak was blown down about 10 ehh ago, but was raised and
seems to be flourishing. It has a girth of 3 ft. 5 ins. at 5 ft.,
with a height of 48 ft.
The gardens and greenhouses were visited, an old sundial in
the garden being photographed. The weather was very fine, and
the party appeared to be pleased with their visit.
The ravine of the Kelvin here has evidently been worn out by
the river since the ice age. The former course seems to have
gone by Millichen, Ferguston, Bearsden, Garscadden, Drumry,
and Kilbowie. Near Millichen a bore was put down to 355 feet
before touching solid rock, or 221 feet below sea level. ‘In a pit
near Cleddans, Duntocher, the surface sand was cut into at a
88 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
depth of 312 ft., and rushed in with such rapidity that the
miners with the greatest difticulty escaped with their lives.” On
Drumry farm a bore was put down 298 ft. through sand, gravel,
&c., =230 ft. below sea level. This deep channel has been filled
up during the glacial period, and no trace of it is to be detected
on the surface. When the land began to be free of ice, and the
present drainage to be formed, the waters of the upper Kelvin
found a lower road by Killermont and Garscube than by their
previous direction, and so made a new course to the Clyde. They
gradually wore out the ravine that forms such a picturesque part
of Garscube, Kelvindale, Kelvinside, &c., and such a contrast to
the upper course of the river above Killermont.
JOHNSTONE CastLE, 14th October, 1905.—This excursion was
arranged jointly with the Andersonian Naturalists’ and West
Kilbride Natural History Societies, but owing to unfavourable
weather only about fifteen were present.
On account of the coldness of the weather, comparatively few
species of the larger fungi were observed in the woods. A list of
those seen has been compiled by Mr. R. B. Johnstone, who acted
as conductor of the excursion; while the smaller fungi which
could be identified have been noted by Mr. D. A. Boyd, and the
mosses and hepatics by Mr. John R. Lee.
DoonHOLM, AUCHENDRANE, AND Doonsipe, 16th April, 1906.—
Mr. John Renwick, conductor, who reports what follows. The
excursion upon the Spring Holiday, Monday, 16th April, was
to three estates on the Banks of the Doon near Ayr, viz. :—
Doonholm (James Kennedy, Esq.); Auchindrane (Miss Cathcart) ;
and Doonside (W. H. Dunlop, Esq.).
In each case permission was kindly granted by the proprietor,
and the gardener or forester on the estate was waiting for us.
Doonholm, which was first visited, is situated on the right bank
of the Doon, not far from Alloway The first point of interest
is what the gardener calls a “court-hill,” the Ordnance Survey
map a “moat,” but Dr. D. Christison in his “ Zarly Fortifications
in Scotland,” states that the word is properly “ mote.” He says,
“Tn treating of the motes, it is necessary at the outset to explain
what is meant by a mote, All idea of the modern signification
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 89
of the word—the wet or dry ditch of a fortress—must be
dismissed, and we must revert to the original meaning, for the
motes of which I have to speak are not hollows but heights, not
the trenches of fortresses, but the fortresses themselves, and
consist essentially of conical flat-topped mounds, which were
defended by palisades.”
The river here has worn a deep channel 50 ft. or so below
the surrounding country, and winds along, with its alluvial haughs
now on one side and now on the other. Just below the mote it
sweeps round from flowing a little east of north to almost due
south, then changes to northwest, continuing in this direction to
below the Brigso’ Doon. The valley is thus well sheltered, and the
big mass of the brown Carrick Hill and Newark Hill protects it
from the prevailing south-westerly winds.
Doonholm is intimately associated with Robert Burns. In his
autobiography he says, ‘“ For the first six or seven years of my
life, my father was gardener to a worthy gentleman of small
estate in the neighbourhood of Ayr.” In “The Life and Works
of Robert Burns, edited by Robert Chambers, revised by William
Wallace,” there is a note appended stating that this gentleman
was Mr. William Fergusson, of Doonholm, a retired London
physician, who was at that time provost of Ayr. ‘On this estate,
which he had acquired from the town in 1755, and which is now
(1896) the property of Lord Blackburn, long one of the most
eminent judges in the Court of Appeal, is an avenue of Elms, the
planting of which is attributed by tradition to William Burness.”
I mentioned this tradition to the gardener, who pointed out a
row of limes running at right angles to the river, as those said to
have been so planted. One of the largest of these measures
12 ft. 74 ins. in circumference, at 5 ft. up, with a bole of
10 ft. It seems not unlikely that these trees may have been
planted under the supervision of the poet’s father. But as
Dr. Wallace calls the trees “ Elms,” I wrote the gardener a few
days after our visit giving him a copy of the foregoing quotations,
and asking him if there are any Elms on the estate to which the
tradition might refer, or if the use of the word “Elms” is a
mistake for Limes. He replied, “ I have interviewed Mr. James
Ramsay, 78 years of age, who has been resident on Doonholm
Estate for 56 years. ve the William Burns trees, Mr. Ramsay
90 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
says the word “ Elms” must be a mistake for “Limes.” He says
“the line of Lime trees along the riverside, as well as those I
pointed out to you, are said to have all been planted by Provost
Fergusson, and during the time William Burns was gardener and
overseer at Doonholm. ‘There are several Elm trees near the
stables, though not in line, which appear to be much about the
same age as the Limes near the river.” A Mr. Alex. Hunter,
W.S., Edinburgh, and commissioner to Lord Ailsa, became
proprietor of Doonholm after Provost Fergusson, the date I have
not been able to ascertain. Judge Blackburn bought the estate
about 1849 or 1850, and Mr. Kennedy purchased it in 1898.
At the foot of the steep bank below the house is a fine Oak,
measuring 14 ft. 9 ins. in circumference at 4 ft. 3 ins. ; bole,
8 ft., with a good spread, and of fair height. In the haugh
are several fine Wellingtonias, but the largest was so much
encumbered with brambles, &c., round it that we did not try to
measure it. On the river bank is a Cedrus deodara, planted about
45 years ago. It measures 7 ft. 8} in. at 5 ft. up, and the
bole does not become much narrower for about 25 ft., but at 8
ft. up it has a curious twist, said to have been caused by the
Judge having snicked off the leader by a swing of his rod when
fishing. To the east of the house is a Birch, measuring 7 ft.
9 ins. at 5 ft. ; bole, 10 ft.
On the sloping bank below the house is a rockery in which are
many rock and alpine plants, and a number of Japanese trees
are to be seen. From this rockery was obtained the living
specimen of Sawxifraya oppositifolia which was exhibited at last
meeting.
At the foot of one of the Lime trees on the banks of the river
were several plants of the Toothwort, Lathrea Squamaria, L. In
the British Association Hand-book this is reported as from Ayr
(? probably the county), apparently on the authority of Hooker,
and from Dundonald, Smith. Mr. John Smith, in his “ Botany
of Ayrshire,” 1896, records from Dundonald and Maybole, on the
authority of a “ Botany of Ayrshire,” 1882, drawn up by Messrs.
Borland, Duncan, and Landsborough. Mr. Smith informs me that
he has never found it himself. Dr. Landsborough, in a letter to
me, 24th April, 1906, writes—‘‘ According to my notes it was
found by Smith, of Monkwood, at Blairston, Maybole ; Dundonald
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 91
Woods, by the Messrs. Paxton, Kilmarnock ; by W. M‘Cutcheon
(on hazel), Clavens Hill, Dundonald; and at Cleuch Glen,
Sorn, by myself.” This discovery at Doonholm, Ayr Parish,
appears, therefore, to be a new parish record for the
county.
Proceeding up the bank of the Doon we come to Auchendrane
Estate, which here marches with Doonholm, but is mainly
situated on the other side of the river. Miss Cathcart, of
Auchendrane, who is a member of the Society, having observed
in the billet calling the March meeting that we were to
make an excursion to Ayr, wrote saying that if we were in
Carrick we should be welcome to visit her grounds, although
she regretted she would be unable, from failing health, to
entertain us. We accordingly passed through the grounds,
and saw the very fine Birch which grows on the lawn in
front of tie house; the Union ‘Trees, a row of six Silver
Firs, planted in 1707 in commemoration of the Union between
England and Scotland; other Silver Firs, one planted in 1757; two
Scots Firs, the one planted in 1707, the date of the other not
exactly known, but the tree is notable as the “ Wishing Tree.”
In March last year I gave some notes on the Trees in this
estate. In speaking of the Birch, I stated that the only Birch we
knew which could be said to exceed it was one at Newton Don, in
Berwickshire. But having heard from Dr. A. Henry that this
tree no longer existed, I wrote to Mr. C. B. Balfour, of Newton
Don, who kindly replied on 20th November, 1905—“ The big
Birch at Newton Don and its companion have, I am sorry to say,
both gone. The smaller Birch went first—I am afraid I do not
know when—but probably about 1896. The big Birch lost a
limb in a gale, probably the one of Christmas, 1900, which did a
lot of damage. I was abroad at the time, and on my return
I decided to take the remains of the tree down. It was rotten,
and very unsafe. I think, therefore, we took it down in the
winter of 1901-2... . The tree was planted in the time when
the Don family owned the place, and very probably was planted
in the end of the eighteenth or early in the nineteenth century,
when a good deal of planting and laying-out was done.”
The tree was thus about a hundred years old.
With the disappearance of the Newton Don Birch, it is
92 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
probable that the Auchendrane tree takes first place among
Scottish Birches.
Dr. Henry writes—‘There are some big Birches at Blair-
Drummond, and one with an enormous trunk at Dropmore,
England, but not very tall. The Auchendrane one is apparently
the finest tree. Blair-Drummond—(a) Girth, 13 ft. 10 ins.,
height, 60 ft.; (6) girth, 10 ft. 8 ins.. height, 70 ft. _Dropmore—
21 ft. 4 ins. girth at one foot up, butt short ; three great limbs,
9 ft. 10 ins., 8 ft. 2ins., 6 ft. 3ins.; height, 62 ft. Laverstoke
Park, Hampshire—girth, 8 ft. 11 ins., height, 75 ft.”
In her letter last month Miss Catheart writes—‘‘ You will be
interested to learn that our weeping Birch on the lawn was
brought with other rare plants in the year 1818 from Booth’s
Gardens in Hamburgh, and is described as ‘The Cutleaf Weeping
Birch.’ My father, who had been studying in Germany, brought
a great many rare plants at that time, and of which, as you
know, a good many still survive. We made the knowledge about
the Birch from old letters we were looking over. I have had
some new mould put round the roots this year, and hope it may
freshen up the tree, but the storms have done much damage
among our trees last winter, and my forester says he never had
so many broken branches to prune off.”
Having last year made many measurements of the trees here,
we took only two on this occasion—(1) A Silver Fir on stable
path, girth, 12 ft. 2} ins. at 5 ft., an increase of 5 ins. in ten
years="57 ins. per annum, rather small; (2) a Douglas Fir,
5 ft. 10 ins. girth; increase in ten years, 44 ins=-42 ins.
per annum.
On several of “the Union” Silver Firs there were, as I
described them in sending a specimen to Dr, Henry, “portions of
the ends of the branches showing abnormalities, growths whereon
the leaves are beginning to appear, paler green than the rest of
the foliage. Apparently the branch has been injured either by
an insect, a fungus, or some other irritant or cause of disease. I
send one of the bunches, and shall be very glad to learn what is
the cause of the curious growth. Has it any relation to the
‘witches brooms?’” He replied—‘ The specimen of disease of
Silver Fir turned out to be MZcidium elatinum, or ‘witches
broom,’ which is common on Silver Firs on the Continent,
ae SOG
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 93
and in some parts of Scotland and in Ireland. See a most
excellent account of it in Hartig’s ‘ Diseases of Trees,’ English
translation by W. Somerville (Macmillan, 1894), p. 179, with
figures, &c.”
Doonside Estate, on the left bank of the river, below
Auchendrane and opposite Doonholm, was seen under somewhat
unfavourable auspices owing to the afternoon being wet.
There are here the remains of an old building standing on an
eminence high above the river and a tributary burn, the angle
between the two being cut by a moat. We did not learn
anything of its history. except that it was probably a castle or
residence of one of the Kennedy families. Near it is a fine
Sycamore with a bole of 25 ft. and a girth at 5 ft. of 11 ft. 5 ins.,
an increase in six years of 2 ins.=°33 of an inch per annum,
small. To the W. of the house is a fine Oak, but with a short
bole of 54 ft. where it divides into three large stems. At 3 ft.
up it has a girth of 15 ft. 4 ins., an increase of 6} ins. in six years
—average increase 1-04 in. annually. In October, 1889, when
I measured it with Mr. George Paxton, it had a spread of 93 ft.
It was the largest Oak in Ayrshire Mr. Paxton knew of at that
time, but Mr. M‘Kay, Mr. William Armour, and I found a larger
one at Bargany in 1900, 15 ft. 2 ins. at 3 ft.; bole, 7 ft.; spread,
1013 ft.
On the river side is another Oak also with a short bole, 94 ft. ;
girth, 13 ft. 1} ins. at 5} ft.; increase 64 ins. in 6 years—average,
1-08 in. per annum. In 1899 it had a spread of 92 ft.
A Tulip tree has the largest girth of any we have yet measured,
being 8 ft. 44 ins. at 2 ft. 6 ins., an increase of 2} ins. in six
years =°58 inch per annum. But it has a short bole of 5} ft.
where it divides into four, In 1899 it had a spread of 463 ft., but
it has since been much destroyed by storms, and is now decaying.
On the river bank at upper end of orchard is a tall Silver Fir,
girth, 11 ft. 5 ins. at 5 ft.
In the haugh the gardener pointed out a patch of the Wind
Flower (Anemone nemorosa) darker in colour both of leaves and
flowers than usual, and stated that he had noticed it for several
years, but thought it was now a little lighter in colour than
formerly.
After a visit to the hothouses, we went down by the little
94 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
burn already mentioned to the river, and along to the Auld
Brig o’ Doon, the Carrick end of which is on the estate of
Doonside.
It is curious how one personality pervades this region. But
for Burns and his writings this old bridge would have been in
ruins, and the neighbouring kirk a shapeless cairn. The trees
at Doonholm have a double interest from the probability that
they were planted by his father, and the name of Auchendrane
is rendered familiar to many all over the world through a portrait
by Nasmyth having been in possession of the owners.
The electric cars would not, it is almost certain, have been
running out here but for the multitudes drawn hither by his
fame, or for the imaginary ride by honest Tam o’ Shanter.
The very car stations are named after the “lad was born in
Kyle.” We came out from ‘Burns’ Statue” to “ Burns’
Cottage,” and now return from ‘* Burns’ Monument” to “ Burns’
Statue.”
I wonder what his contemporaries would have said could they
foreseen it; including an ancestress of mine who once rebuked
her daughters and young Burns from the neighbouring farm of
Mount Oliphant for “wasting the gude vittal,” when they had
been amusing themselves one wet day by pelting each other with
oatmeal.
Hareraw Dam, 21st April, 1905.—Mr. John Robertson,
conductor.— There were about twenty-two present at this
excursion, including a party of eight from the Paisley Naturalists’
Society. The Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), of which
species a great colony nests here, had just started nesting. about
thirty nests having eggs, most of the nests containing, however,
but one egg, there being only about half-a-dozen with the full
complement of three eggs. While some of the party were on the
island where the nests are, a Shoveller (Spatula clypeata) passed
overhead. This duck is rare in Renfrewshire, and is worth
recording in consequence. The weather was unfortunately far
too boisterous and cold to be enjoyable.
BLacksHAW, 28th April, 1906.—Report by Mr. D. A. Boyd.—
The party, who numbered five, travelled by rail to West Kilbride,
se
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 95
where they were met by twenty-three others, consisting of
members of the West Kilbride Natural History and Archeo-
logical Society and several of their friends. The weather was
fine, but the coldness of the wind was hardly suggestive of
approaching summer. The Dalry Road was followed for about
two miles, from West Kilbride to Blackshaw. The strident note
of the corncrake (C'rex pratensis) was heard, and a white wagtail
(Motacilla alba) was seen. Numerous early-blooming wild-flowers
—such as Marsh-Marigold, Wood-Violet, Wood-Sorrel, Red
Campion, Purple Orchis, Hare’s-tail, Cotton-grass, &c.—were
observed displaying their blossoms. Among the cryptogams noted
were Puccinia aloescens, Grev., in its cluster-cup or xcidiospore
condition, parasitic on Adoxa moschatellina ; Evernia furfuracea
Fr.; and Beomyces rufus DC., bearing its pretty little pink
apothecia. A passing visit was made to the site of the cup-and-
ring markings near Blackshaw, but it was found that most of the
inscribed rock-surface had been covered with soil from an
adjacent ploughed field. From this point to West Kilbride the
party returned by way of the “ Old Dalry Road,” from which, in
the course of the steep descent along the eastern slope of Law
Hill, a splendid view was obtained of the waters and islands of
the Firth.
GaRELocn, 12th May, 1906.—Report by Mr. D. A. Boyd.
Mr. N. G. Reid, conductor. This excursion, which took place in
favourable weather, was attended by three members only, viz. :—
Messrs. D. A. Boyd, R. Garry, B.Sc., and N. G. Reid. The
party travelled by rail to Craigendoran, crossed by steamer to
Clynder, and followed the road along the loch side from that
point to Garelochhead. In: the neighbourhood of Barreman,
specimens were observed of Oniscus asellus, L., and Philoscia
‘muscorum, Scop., two species of land Isopods. The following
Microfungi were also noted :—Peronospora ficarie, Tul.—on
Ranunculus Ficaria; Protomyces macrosporus, Ung. —on
“gopodium Podagraria; PP. bellidis, Krieger.—on Bellis
perennis ; Uromuces ficarie, Schum.—on Ranunculus Ficaria ;
Puccinia viole, Schum.—as eidium, on Viola sylvatica; P.
vimpinelle, Strauss.—as Heidium, on Myrrhis odorata; P. caricis,
Schum.—as Meidium urtice, on Urtica dioica; Melampsora
96 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
cerastii, Pers.—as Uredo, on Cerastiwm triviale; Mollisia atrata,
Pers.—on dead stems of Qnanthe crocata ; Leptospheria acuta,
Moug.—on dead stems of Urtica dioica; Cylindrocolla urtice,
Bon. (stylospore stage of Calloria fusarioides, Berk.)—on dead
stems of Urtica dioica. In the neighbourhood of Rahane,
numerous bushes of Bog Myrtle (Jurica Gale), as yet leafless,
were conspicuous by reason of the abundance of male catkins
attached to their branches. Here, too, were found various species
of cryptogams, including:—Uromyces alchemille, Pers.—as Uredo,
on Alchemilla vulgaris; Puccinia primule, DC.—as Meidiwm,
on Primula acaulis ; Triphragmium ulmarie, Schum,—Primary
uredospores, on Spirceea Ulmaria ; Heidium grossularie, Gmel.—
on Ribes Grossularva ; Podosphera oxyacanthe, DC.—Mycelium
on Cratequs Oxyacantha; Trochila craterium, Fr.—on dead
leaves of Hedera Helix; Stegia ilicis, Fr.—on dead leaves of Ilex
Aquifolium ; Beomyces rufus, DC.—on an earthy wall-top.
Near Mambeg were found :—Puccinia rubigo-vera, DC.—as
Uredo, on Holeus mollis; P. bunii, DC.—on Conopodium
denudatum ; Asterina veronice, Lib.—on Veronica officinalis.
The most interesting discovery was Protomyces bellidis, a species
which was added to the British Flora several years ago, from
specimens gathered at Seamill, West Kilbride. The Gareloch
specimens have been carefully examined microscopically, and
found to contain the large spores characteristic of the genus.
The well-sheltered gardens along the loch side contained many
beautiful flowers, conifers, and shrubs, including various species
of Berberis, Azalea, Rhododendron, &c., in fine bloom. The woods
around Garelochhead appeared to offer conditions very favourable
to the development of fungi, and it was suggested that a visit to
the district in late autumn might be worthy of consideration.
Moountstuart, Bute, 24th May, 1906.—Conductor, Mr. John
Robertson. The morning of 24th May was dismal, wet, and
windy, and in every way calculated to discourage outings, so that
it was surprising that fourteen put in an appearance at this
excursion. By the time Rothesay was reached, the rain had
ceased and the sky was clearing, so that the drive to Mount-
stuart was pleasant, notwithstanding the bitter wind.
At this entrance to the policies, the party were taken in hand
—
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 97
by Mr. Heron, head gardener. The different gardens were then
visited, and a few of the notable trees pointed out and measured.
A collection of mosses had been made by Lord Bute’s instruc-
tions, for presentation to Rothesay Museum, and this collection
was submitted to our party to be named, but, unfortunately, none
of the members interested in mosses was present. Specimens
were taken, however, and submitted to two of our members for
identification. Mr. Gordon, the head gamekeeper, had made a
collection of birds’ nests and eggs, also for presentation to the
Museum, and a few of our members spent some time with
Mr. Gordon examining his collection. ‘
In going through the grounds the Chiffchaff(Phylloscopus rufus),
Wood Warbler (P. sibi/atrix) and spotted Flycatcher (Musciapa
grisola) were noted.
Rain falling shortly after two o’clock, it was decided to make for
Rothesay. On arrival there, after having tea, the Museum was
visited, and the objects of interest pointed out by Mr. White, of
the local society.
GLENGARNOCK CASTLE AND LADYLAND, 2nd June, 1906.—
Joint with the West Kilbride Natural History and Archzo-
logical Society.—The route from Kilbirnie lay through a
pleasantly diversified tract of undulating country. In the
course of the ascent towards Glengarnock Castle, some beautiful
views of the surrounding district were obtained. The ruins of
the castle are situated about two miles north of Kilbirnie, and
occupy a strikingly picturesque position on the verge of a
precipice overlooking the river Garnock, about eighty feet above
the bed of the stream. The only access to the buildings has
been from the east. The ground plan of the structure can still
be traced, and shows it to have consisted of a quadrilateral tower,
with an attached court of wider but less elevated buildings, sixty
feet in length, running from the tower to the entrance. The
tower is forty-five feet long, thirty-three feet wide, and has been
forty feet in height. It consisted of two vaulted apartments,
occupying each the whole extent within the walls. The upper
apartment or hall was twenty feet in height from floor to ceiling,
and from it a narrow circular stair, constructed in the angular
thickness of the walls, led to the upper part of the tower, which
G
98 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
was surrounded by a parapet wall. As there are neither arrow-
slits nor gun-ports in the walls, the situation of the fortress was
probably believed to render it quite impregnable. Several large
portions of the building have fallen at successive periods, the
most notable being in January 1839, when, during a severe
storm, the north wall of the tower, estimated to contain between
four and five thousand feet of solid masonry, was overthrown.
A considerable portion of the walls has also been carried away
at different times, as material for the erection or reparation of
neighbouring farm-steadings. About the year 1842, however,
the walls were substantially repaired by the late Mr. William
Cochran-Patrick of Ladyland.
The superior size and venerable antiquity of the castle have
inspired various theories as to its origin and early history.
According to some, it may probably have been the residence of the
De Morvilles, Lords of Cuninghame; while others suppose it to
have perhaps been the home of the renowned Hardyknute. It
emerges from medieval obscurity in 1263, when it came into the
possession of Reginald Cuninghame, of the Kilmaurs family,
through his marriage with Janet Riddel, heiress of Glengarnock.
Their descendants, the Cuninghames of Glengarnock, are
referred to in many of the public records down till the beginning
of the seventeenth century. In 1613 Sir James Cuninghame
assigned his estate to his creditors, by whom it was afterwards
sold to Richard Cuninghame, eldest son of William Cuninghame,
Keeper of the Signet. The new laird took a prominent part in
local affairs, was twice censured by the Presbytery of Irvine for
his adherence to the Royalist cause, and was present on the
King’s side at the Battle of Worcester. After various other
transmissions, the castle became the property of the late Mr.
Cochran-Patrick, of Ladyland, with whose descendents it still
remains.
From Glengarnock Castle the party proceeded to Ladyland,
where they were kindly received by the proprietrix, Mrs, K. N.
Cochran-Patrick, the Misses Cochran-Patrick (sisters of the late
Mr. R. W. Cochran-Patrick, LL.D., F.S.A., &c., formerly M.P.
for North Ayrshire, and Under-Secretary for Scotland), and
Mr. N. K. Cochran-Patrick, advocate. After tea on the lawn a
visit was made to the gardens and policies. The woods contained
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 99
a fine display of wild flowers, amongst which the Blue Wood
' Hyacinth and Red Campion were notably conspicuous.
For several centuries this property was possessed by the
Barclays, of Ladyland, a branch of the Barclays, of Kilbowie,
descended from the Ardrossan family. Hew Barclay, of Lady-
land, was a friend and companion of Alexander Montgomerie,
author of ‘‘ The Cherry and the Slae,” jand himself a poet of no
mean order, as appears from two sonnets written in his happier
days. He afterwards embraced the Roman Catholic faith, took
part in a conspiracy for a Spanish invasion of Scotland, and was
drowned at Ailsa Craig when about to be apprehended by Mr,
Andrew Knox, minister, of Paisley, and several other gentlemen
who had gone thither for that purpose. About the year 1631
Ladyland passed from the Barclays, and after several trans-
missions was acquired by Captain William Hamilton. This laird
was noted for his attachment to the Presbyterian cause during the
period of Episcopal ascendency in the reign of Charles II.
Having refused the test he was in 1684 deprived of his military
rank, but was subsequently restored to favour, and died in battle
fighting against the French before the year 1690. After other
transmissions the estate was purchased about the year 1718
by William Cochran, of Edge, ancestor of the present
proprietrix.
Sory, 23rd June, 1906.—Mr. John Renwick, conductor.—The
party travelled by rail to Catrine, and walked to Sorn. Up till
the latter part of the eighteenth century, Catrine was nothing
more than a very small hamlet. although notable in former times
as the place where the court of the Bailiary of Kyle-Stewart was
held for the administration of justice. It afterwards rose into
considerable importance through the erection of extensive mills
for the spinning of cotton, which were commenced in 1786 by
Claud Alexander, of Ballochmyle, and David Dale, merchant in
Glasgow. In the neighbourhood of the town, a path through
wood and coppice is carried along the summit of the precipitous
banks of the Ayr, from whence are obtainable some fine views of
beautiful river scenery. As access to the woods and policies at
Sorn Castle had been kindly granted to the party, some time was
pleasantly spent in exploring their sheltered recesses, Numerous
100 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
species of flowering plants, mosses, fungi, &c., were observed, and
measurements made of the dimensions of some of the larger trees.
The village of Sorn is prettily situated on the banks of the River
Ayr. The parochial church is a somewhat quaint-looking
building, with an outside stair leading to the gallery. It was
erected in 1658, when the parish was detached from that of
Mauchline, and is still in a good state of preservation. After
a short walk through the village, the party returned to Catrine,
where tea was had before departure for Glasgow. Trees
measured were—a Beech, lower down river than Castle, 11 ft.
3 ins. in girth at 5 ft. on high side, bole 16 feet; an English
Elm, near bridge, 9 ft. 7 ins. in girth at 5 ft., bole 8 feet; a
Robinia, near Cleuch Cottage, 4 ft. 6 ins. in girth at 5 ft.
MILNGAVIE AND STRATHBLANE, 30th June, 1906. Mr. Archd.
Park, conductor.—Ten members of this Society, three of the West
Kilbride Natural History Society, and one of the Paisley
Naturalists’ Society were present. The route followed was by
the golf course, through which there is a right-of-way, thence by
Craigallian back road to Strathblane, and back to Milngavie by
the old road. The weather was dull but fine. The dykes on the
golf course furnished many mosses. Near the “Gowk Stane”
Juniper (Juniperus communis) claimed attention, and the
Redstart (Ruticilla phenicurus) was seen near Strathblane.
Mr. D. A. Boyd supplies the list of plants which follows :—
Apium inundatum, Gymnadenia conopsea, Antennaria dioica,
Tilletia decipiens, Sedum villosum, Carex ampullacea, C. paludosa,
C. hirta, Scirpus sylvaticus.
Guien Douenas TO WHISTLEFIELD, August 18th, 1906.—Mr.
John R. Lee, conductor.—A party of ten members travelled to
Glen Douglas Passing Place, on the West Highland Railway,
where a special stop was made. Crossing the moor to the west
of the railway line, the party descended by the Glen Douglas
Road to the main road from Arrochar to Helensburgh, running
along the eastern shore of Loch Long, which road was then
followed to Whistlefield. The weather was excellent, and the
magnificent mountain scenery of Loch Long was seen to perfec-
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 101
tion. From the hill side, shortly after leaving the railway, a fine
view of the slopes of Ben Arthur and Ben Narnain was obtained,
as also of the rugged rocks which compose the crowns of these
two mountains. Immediately to the south of Ben Arthur the
Glen Croe Burn enters Loch Long, and at its mouth stands
Ardgartan House and Policies, where a heronry has been known
to exist for many years. Immediately behind Ardgartan, and
forming the southern boundary of Glen Croe is the Brack, a
wild hill with high precipitous crags, and deep scars, especially on
its northern face, which, although greener and softer in aspect on
the side facing Loch Long, yet presented an imposing feature in
the panorama which lay before the party as they descended
towards the loch side. The point at which the main road was
joined lay a short distance south of Morlaggan, almost exactly
opposite which, on the western side of the loch, is Coilessan Farm,
situated at the foot of the Coilessan Burn, which marks the
northern boundary of Glasgow’s new “estate” of Ardkinglas.
This wild stretch of hill country was, therefore, within view of
the party during the whole of the afternoon, and the members
had ample opportunity of judging of the rugged nature of the
mountains which, with a unique sense of proprietorship, we now
designate as “ours.” Let us hope that “the powers that be”
will, in their wisdom, decide to leave nature alone in her grandeur ;
for assuredly nothing that even a Glasgow Corporation can do
will improve the glory of Argyll’s Bowling Green.
The road leaves Loch Long side at the entrances to the policies
of Finnart and Ardarroch, from which point a short walk uphill
leads to Whistlefield, where a beautiful view is obtained of the
entrance to Loch Goil.
Little of special interest in any department of natural history
falls to be recorded from this excursion, but the members present
interested in botany felt that the district would amply repay a
fuller investigation with more time at their disposal. Specimens
of Hieraciwm boreale, Fr., were gathered in the woods near
Finnart, and an abundance of Miliwm effusum, L.. was noted
along the roadside in the shade of the trees.
The following mosses were collected:—Dicranum scoparium,
Hedw. ; Ditrichwm homomallum, Hampe.; Campylopus fragilis,
‘B. and 8.; Dichodontium pellucidum, Schp.; Blindia acuta
102 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
B. & 8. ; Sewartzia montana, Lindl. (on roadside at Ardarroch) ;
Fissidens adiantoides, Hedw.; Grimmia maritima, Turn. ;
Zygodon Mougeotii, B. and 8.; Breutelia arcwata, Schp. (fertile)
Hypnum exannulatum, Giimb.
Proceedings of the Society.
SESSION 1905-1906.
26TH SEPTEMBER, 1905,
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., President, in the chair.
A report on an excursion to West Kilbride and Fairlie (p. 86)
was read.
Mr. J. Bruce Hunter exhibited a specimen of the Globe Fish,
(Gymnodontes tetraodon, Linn.) from Port Said. Mr. Robert
Garry, B.Sc., exhibited under the microscope the following
alge, viz. :—Zygnama stellinum, Vauch., in Zygospore, from Glen
Rosa, Arran, and @dogonium (sp.?) from Dalry and Balgray
Dam. Mr. Garry also exhibited many microphotographs of the
structure of these alge.
Mr. R. 8. Wishart, M.A., exhibited and described from Crail
Astragalus hypoglottis, Linn.; TZhalictrum minus, Linn. ;
Geranium sanguineum, Linn.; Ligusticum scoticum, Linn. ;
Caucalis nodosa, Scop. ; Agrimonia odorata, Mill., &c.
Mr. Peter Ewing exhibited a number of alpine plants from the
mountains round Killin.
Mr. R. Buchanan showed a series of the young of the
commoner species of Charadriidz in down.
Mr. Wishart exhibited the Magpie Moth in its different stages,
and gave an account of the destruction done by this species on
the shrubs in his garden at Stepps, and of the ineffective attempts
he had made to stay its ravages.
Mr. A. Patience read a paper on ‘‘ The genus Idothea ” (p. 42).
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 103
24th Ocroper, 1905.
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., President, in the chair.
This was the Society’s Fifty-fourth Annual Business Meeting,
and the usual Reports were submitted.
Meetings.—Ten Ordinary Meetings and one Special Meeting
were here held during the Session. These were well attended.
Excursions.—A programme of excursions was carried out as
usual during summer, but, as last year, the attendances were not
satisfactory.
Membership. —This is as follows :—
Honorary Members, - - : - - 17
Corresponding Members, - - - - 38
Ordinary Members, - : - - - 227
Associates, - - - - - - - ll
293
Eleven members resigned and nine members were elected during
the Session. The Rev. G. A. Frank Knight, M.A., F.R.S.E.,
having resigned the Hon. Editorship of the Z’ransactions, Mr.
John Paterson was appointed his successor.
Finance-—The Hon. Treasurer’s (Mr. John Renwick) State-
ment of Account was submitted, duly audited. It showed a
cbalance of £135 15s. 7d. at the credit of the Ordinary Fund, and
£157 10s. at the credit of the Life Members’ Fund (page 113).
Library.—The Hon. Librarian (Mr. James Mitchell) reported
that 230 volumes were issued during the year, and 24 volumes
had been presented to the Library during the year. The books
in the Library are in good condition.
Transactions.—The Hon. Editor (Mr. John Paterson) reported
that the part of Z’ransactions and Proceedings for 1903-4 was in
the press, and would be issued shortly. The part for 1904-5
would be proceeded with at once.
Vacancies among the Office-bearers and Council were filled up
as follows :—
As President—Mr. D. A. Boyd.
As Vice-President—Mr. J. Ballantyne.
As Hon. Secretaries—Dr. Robt. Brown and Alex. Ross.
104 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
As Hon. Treasurer—Mr. John Renwick.
As Hon. Librarian—Mr. James Mitchell.
As Hon. Hditor of Transactions—Mr. John Paterson.
As Members of Council—Messrs. Alex. Patience. John
R. Lee, P. Ewing, F.L.S8., Archd. Park.
Messrs. Joseph Somerville and James Jack were re-appointed
as Auditors.
The Secretaries were instructed to write to the Rev. Mr.
Knight and thank him for his services as Editor of the Society’s
Transactions.
Mr. Thomas Anderson, 40 Holmscroft Street, Greenock, was
elected an Ordinary Member, and Mr. G. A. Hardy, 11 Windsor
Terrace, St. George’s Road, an Associate.
Mr. D. A. Boyd read a Report on an excursion to Johnstone
Castle.
Mr. P. Ewing, F.L.S., the retiring President, delivered his
valedictory address, taking as his subject “ Variation.” Mr.
Ewing carefully stated the different theories which have been put
forward in explanation of variation, and gave a special réswmé of
the work of Mendel and de Fries.
28TH NovemsBer, 190d.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Miss Jane Adelaide Cathcart, of Old Auchendrane, Alloway,
Ayr, was elected as an Ordinary Member.
Mr. John Renwick, on behalf of Miss Cathcart, of Old Auchen-
drane, presented to the Society two photographs of trees on her
estate, a Birch and a Scots Fir. Particulars relating to these
trees will be found in these TZransactions, Vol. VII. (N.S.),
pp. 262-9. It was agreed to send to Miss Cathcart the thanks of
the Society for her gift.
Mr. R. M. Buchanan exhibited the down of several species of
the Anatide, and, referring to the part played by down during
incubation, expressed the opinion that, but for this wonderfully-
efficient heat retainer, ducks would be seriously handicapped in
the struggle for existence.
Mr. Robert Wilson showed a Grey Plover (Squatarola helvetica),
got at Fairlie recently. This bird is one of the rarer Arctic
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 105
waders, of which till this year few occurrences were known in
Clyde. In the list of the birds of Clyde compiled by Mr. John
Paterson for the British Association meeting in 1901 in Glasgow,
the species is described as “Very r.[are]. Mr. Chas. Berry,
Lendalfoot, Ayr, has seen it twice or thrice, and has one which
he shot. Mr. John Robertson has recorded one recently from
E. Renfrew.” (Handbook on the Nat. Hist. of Glasgow, &c.,
p. 167.) Since that time the following occurrences fall to be
noted :—Two observed in Bute in 1904 by Mr. John Robertson,
and three seen flying over Brigaird Spit, Fairlie, in September of
that year by Mr. Wilson; two observed on several dates in
September and early October, 1905, at Troon, by several Glasgow
ornithologists; two at Brigaird Point, Fairlie, seen on 21st
October, 1905, by Mr. J. C. Murphy and Mr. Wilson ; and last
the bird exhibited at this meeting, shot by a gunner at Fairlie.
Through the kindness of Messrs. M‘Culloch & Sons, Mr. Wilson
exhibited further a Semi-albino Wheatear (Saxicola cnanthe),
and albino forms of the Blackbird (Zurdus merula), Tree-Pipit
(Anthus trivialis), and Fulmar Petrel (/ulmarus glacialis), the
last named being from St. Kilda.
A specimen of the Pine-Marten (J/ustela martes) trom North
Wales was sent for exhibition by Messrs. M‘Culloch & Sons.
Through the kindness of Mr. W. Eagle Clarke, F.L.S.,
F.R.S.E., M.B.0.U., Mr. John Paterson exhibited two specimens
of the Greenland Redpoll (Acanthis hornemanni). The skins
were much admired, but Mr. Clarke, in sending them, wrote that
they were still more beautiful in the flesh, when the pale rose-
tint pervaded the white parts.
Mr. Robert Service, M.B.O.U. read a paper on ‘The Waders
of Solway ” (p. 46).
Part IT., Vol. VII. (N.S.) of the Society’s Transactions was
laid on the table.
26TH DeEcEMBER, 1905.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mr. W. E. Agar, B.A., 10 Caird Drive, Partickhill, and
Professor Leonard A. Lucas King, B.A., 8 Ardgowan Terrace,
Sandyford, were elected as Ordinary Members.
106 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Mr. W. W. Seott, 180 Sauchiehall Street, was elected as an
Associate.
Mr. John Paterson exhibited, per favour of Mr. W. Eagle
Clarke, F.L.S8., M.B.0.U., &e., a pair of Lapland Buntings
(Calcarias lapponicus) ¢ and @ from the Fair Isle. Mr.
Paterson also exhibited for Mr. Charles Kirk, a hybrid between
a Black Grouse (¢) and Red Grouse ( ? ) from Kintyre.
Mr. R. 8S. Wishart, M.A., exhibited Artemisia maritima,
Linn., and A. Adbsinthiwm, Linn., from Crail, and for comparison
A. vulgaris, Linn., from Chryston, and read a paper entitled
“« Appleringie ” (p. 22).
Mr. James F. Gemmill, M.A., M.D., communicated, on behalf
of Mr. E. 8S. Russell, a paper ‘“‘ On the occurrence of Gonactinia
prolifera, Sars., in the Firth of Clyde” (p. 27).
On behalf of the Rev. David Landsborough, LL.D., Mr. John
Renwick read a paper on Cordyline australis, the Palm Lily,
based on specimens grown in the open air at Campbeltown,
Argyll (p. 60).
Mr. John Paterson read a note on the occurrence of the Black
Redstart (Ruticilla titys) in a field on the north side of the
Great Western Road, Glasgow, on 19th November, 1905. It
was observed by Mr. Wm. Wordie, M.A., a member of this
Society, who knows the bird from having seen it in its Swiss
haunts. This species has not hitherto been recorded as occurring
in the “ Clyde” area.
30TH JANuARY, 1906.
Mr. J. Ballantyne, Vice-President. in the chair.
Professor J. Graham Kerr exhibited and gave some notes on
certain specimens of general zoological interest (p. 5).
Mr. John Robertson exhibited, for Mr. Henry M‘Culloch, a
Green Sandpiper (Zotanus ochropus), and gave particulars of
what is known of it in this district. Only five occurrences in
the “Clyde” area are known, three in Renfrewshire, one in
Dumbartonshire, and one in Stirlingshire. The first was on 10th
November, 1868, when two birds were seen in company at Nether
Pollok, and one was shot by Mr. Cox, head keeper, there. It was
CC EE
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 107
not again observed in “Clyde” until 1894, when Mr. Kipley
Ker shot one at Dougalston, Milngavie, Stirlingshire, on 8th
December. Again, on 11th December, 1904, one was observed
by Messrs. Robert and Hugh Wilson at an old clay pit near the
village of Hangingshaw in the south-east corner of Glasgow. Mr.
Robertson saw one on 15th April at the pond at the head of the
Rouken Glen, Glasgow’s new Public Park, and about 9th
December the specimen which he now exhibited was shot by Mr.
Campbell Colquhoun at Garscadden, Dumbartonshire. Only one
of these records, it may be noted, is in the spring-time. Mr.
Robertson also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Henry M‘Culloch, a
Velvet Scoter (Ldemia fusca) from the Outer Hebrides, and a
hybrid between the Capercaillie and Blackcock.
Professor T. Graham Kerr read a ‘“‘ Note on the Pelagic Fauna
observed off the West Coast of Arran during the months of
August and September, 1905 (p. 1).
Professor Malcolm Laurie, D.Sc., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., delivered
a lecture ou “Scorpions and their Allies,” and with the aid of
lantern slides gave a description of the peculiar anatomical and
physiological structures of the Scorpion proper, comparing them
with other genera of the Arachnida.
277TH Fesruary, 1906.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mr. T. Beath Henderson, M.D., exhibited an Indian Snake
Eryx conicus, Duméril and Bibre), which had been brought
from India to the Glasgow ‘‘ Zoo,” and died there. Dr. Hender-
son demonstrated his method of diagnosing the generic and
specific relationship of his specimen, and gave an account of its
external peculiarities.
Mr. John Robertson read a paper entitled ‘Notes on the
Nesting Dates of some of the Waders (Charadriide) ” (p. 62).
Mr. D. A. Boyd exhibited specimens of Neckera pumila,
Hedw., from Strachur and St. Catherines (Lochfyneside) and
Daljarrock (South Ayrshire), and Petrogoniwm gracile, Sw.,
from the sea shore at Largs and Little Cumbrae.
Professor David Ellis, D.Sc., Ph.D., delivered a lecture on
Microbes, which was illustrated by lantern slides.
108 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
277TH Marca, 1906.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
On behalf of Mr. Thos. G. Bishop, Mr. Anderson Fergusson
exhibited the following Coleoptera from Rannoch :—Liodes
castanea, Herbst., taken in dry powdery fungi in firs; Cetonia
Jfloricola, Herbst., found on cossus-infested tree; Thanasimus
Jormicarius, Linn., under bark; Acanthocinus edilis, Linn.
taken in Scots fir stumps; Lamia textor, Linn., and Pissodes pini,
Linn., taken in firs. Mr. Fergusson also exhibited Stenolophus
plagiatus, Gorham, taken near Gourock by the late John
Dunsmore, of Paisley. The species was described by Gorham
from the specimen exhibited, and another from the South of
France in the British Museum.
Mr. T. B. Henderson, M.D., exhibited two Water Snakes,
(Hypsirhina macleayi, Boulenger, and Cerberus rhyncops, Giinther)
from the University Museum, describing the specimens and
giving an account of the habits of each.
Mr. William Hunter sent for exhibition poor of the Sea
or Maldive Double Cocoanut, ‘‘ Coco de mer” (Lodoicea callipyge,
St. Hie; L. seychellarum, Lab.), from the Seycbelles.
Mr. Robert Brown, M.D., read a paper on “ Zermatt and its
Flora,” illustrated by a variety of the rarer specimens personally
collected.
Mr. Robert Henderson read a paper entitled “ List of Additions
to the Diptera of the Clyde Faunal Area” (p. 7).
Mr. D. A. Boyd exhibited Dicranella schreberi (Sw.), Schp.,
var. elata, Schp., a moss from the neighbourhood of Pinmore,
Ayrshire.
Mr. P. Ewing, F.L.S., as delegate to the British Association
Meeting, read his report of what was done at the meetings held
in the Linnean Society’s Rooms on the 30th and 31st October
last.
24TH APRIL, 1906.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mr. T. Beath Henderson, M.D., exhibited, on behalf of Mr.
Keith Buchanan, a skin of Python Sebae, Duméril and Bibron,
which measured 15 feet 10} inches, though wanting the head and
part of the tail. He also showed a specimen of the Australian
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 109
Stump-tailed Lizard (Zrachysaurus rugosus), Gray, and gave an
interesting account of its structure and habits. For Mr. Wm.
Hunter, Dr. Henderson further exhibited one of the Sea Snakes
(Hydrus platurus, Boulenger, ‘Cat. Snakes,” British Museum),
and compared it with young specimens of Platwrus colubrinus,
Girard, brought by himself.
Mr. A Somerville, B.Se., F.L.S., exhibited, for Dr. T. F.
Gilmour, the Purple Mountain Saxifrage (Saxi/raga oppositifolia)
from rocks at sea-level on the coast of Islay, and read a paper
on the subject (p. 71).
Mr. Alexander Patience read a paper entitled ‘Some Notes
on the distribution of the Clyde Crangonide” (p. 64), and
exhibited some of the species referred to.
Mr. Robert Henderson contributed a paper “On Some House-
hold Flies,” which, in his absence, was read by Mr. Alex. Ross.
In this paper Mr. Henderson mentioned that in a country house
something like seventy-two different species had been recorded.
He, however, excluded all that were casual or accidental, and
confined himself to eight species, which in our district might be
considered household species or pests. Seven of these belonged
to the family Muscide, and one to the family Anthomyide. He
dwelt in detail on each of these species, giving a general descrip-
tion of their appearance and habits. He pointed out as worthy
of note that these flies were, in all cases, invaders, none of them
were home bred, but all had spent their early life and passed
through their metamorphoses out of doors. It would, indeed, be a
disgrace to our civilisation if the interior of our houses afforded
any suitable breeding ground for these creatures, whose larve
are all nurtured among refuse matter. These larve formed,
however, the great scavengers of the earth, and their labours in
this stage of their life contributed in no slight degree to the
purity of its atmosphere. With regard to the duration of life of
the perfect fly, Mr. Henderson said it was hardly possible to speak
definitely. It would appear, however, to be longer than that of
the larve and pupa, except where these exist through the winter.
The paper was illustrated by specimens of the flies mentioned.
Mr. James Bartholomew, Kinnelhead, Beattock, was elected as
an Ordinary Member, and Miss Margaret A. Kennedy, 7 Howard
Street, Kilmarnock, as an Associate
110 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
29TH May, 1906.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mr. Boyd read a notice of one who had died lately and
had been for long a member of this society, Mr. James
Barclay Murdoch, of Capelrig. Mr. Murdoch had at one time
been a Vice-President of the Society. It was agreed to send an
expression of sympathy to Mr, Murdoch’s widow and family in
their bereavement.
Reports were submitted on excursions to Doonholm, &e. (p. 88) ;
Harelaw Dam (p. 94); Blackshaw, at West Kilbride (p. 94);
and the west side of the Gareloch (p. 95).
Mr. A. W. Campbell, Mossbank, Millerston, was elected an
Ordinary Member, and Miss Dorothy Beath Henderson an
Associate of the Society.
Mr. Robert Henderson exhibited a fly (Drynyia hanata), with
adherent pollinia of orchis, and explained the prevailing belief
that flies were too stupid to manipulate the corollas of plants in
the interest of cross-pollination. He showed, however, by a care-
ful examination of this fly that it was peculiarly fitted by special
organs for this purpose, and he was, he said, under the impression that
many other species would be found equally suited for the purpose.
Mr. T. B. Henderson, M.D., exhibited and described Draco
spilopterus (Duméril and Bibron).
Mr. Richard M‘Kay exhibited the Toothwort (Lathrea
Squamaria). The plant shown was parasitic on the Lime (7%ia)
at Doonholm, Ayr. Mr. M‘Kay also showed an example of
“ Witches’ Broom” (Acidiwm elatinum) on the Silver Fir (Picea
pectinata) from Doonholm.
Mr. Alex. Ross, for Mr. J. E. Murphy, exhibited the moths
and some of the cocoons dealt with in a paper by Mr. John
Smith on “ Cocoons of some British Moths.”
In the absence of Mr. Alexr. Patience, a paper ‘On the
occurrence of Gobius orca, Collett, within the Clyde sea area ”
(p. 74) was read by Mr. Alexr. Ross.
Mr. John Robertson read a paper on “ The Common Sandpiper
(Totanus hypoleucus)” (p. 77), and a note on the “ Little Stint
(Tringa minuta) at Balgray Reservoir” (p. 76). Mr. D.
M‘Kenzie exhibited a Cowslip, showing fasciation, and Mr. P.
Ewing, F.L.S., a specimen of Sium erectum collected by Mr,
Gilbert Hamilton, Jun., near Abington.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 111
26TH JuNE, 1906.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Reports were submitted on excursions to Ashgrove Loch,
Stevenston ; Mount Stuart (p. 96), Glengarnock Castle and
Ladyland (p. 97), and Sorn (p. 99).
Mr. John R. Lee exhibited Cornus suecica from Ben Vorlich,
Dumbartonshire. Mr. Lee stated that, as far as he knew, this
was a new record for that district.
Mr. T. B. Henderson, M.D., exhibited and described three
species of Coral Snake from South America. The species were
Elaps corallinus, Wied., E. marcgravii, Wied., and Ilysia
scytale, L.
By favour of Mr. Fenton of the Pharmacy College, Mr. Wm.
Stewart exhibited specimens of the rare fungus Agaricus (Lepiota)
rachodes, Vitt., from the Forfarshire Grampians, found inside a
dilapidated hut and growing on the rush thatch, supported on
larch branches. Unfortunately the specimens, while abnormally
large, had been attacked by another fungus—one of the moulds—
and did not show the beauty of the genus nor the characteristics
of the species. Mr. Stewart also showed Agaricus (Lepiota)
eristatus, A. and S., from the mossery of the Botanic Gardens for
comparison. He further exhibited Lentinus lepideus, Fr.,
gathered by Mr. Robert Dunlop in New Zealand, South Island,
which seems identical at any rate with the British species.
Mr. Stewart concluded his exhibition by showing several examples
of a rare local species, Agaricus (Psaliota) echinatus, Roth., which
has appeared for several years on the ground among the tree-ferns
in the Kibble Palace. The pileus is about 2} ins. broad, of a
light fawn colour, curiously wrinkled, and the gills and stem
cinnabar purple. There seems to be considerable diversity of
opinion concerning it. Berkeley, followed by Stevenson, has
placed it among the Psaliota, considering the colour of the spores
purple. Massee has it among the Jnocybe, calling the spores pale
yellow, with a red tinge; while Worthington Smith, in Clavis
Agaricinorum, has created a new sub-genus for it and two other
species—Chameota—calling the spores pale rose. This is a most
interesting plant, and, as Berkeley gives only two records and
Massee one, while Stevenson has none, it seems worthy of further
examination,
112 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Miss Zamorska exhibited a fresh specimen of Medicago
denticulata, Willd., from Cardross.
Mr. Alexander Patience read a paper entitled ‘“On some
Terrestrial Isopods new to the Clyde Faunal Area, and some
Notes on the Distribution of the Rarer Species” (p. 80).
Mr. Edward J. Bles, B.A., B.Sc., F.R.S.E., gave an address on
“ A Card Catalogue Record of the Local Fauna,” and exhibited
at the same time documents from the Cambridge Entomological
and Natural History Society bearing upon a proposition to form
such a catalogue, and describing the methods which might be
adopted to make the scheme practicable and of value to science.
PRES "Dp
26061 iai8
113
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY.
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THE Fauna or Scornann, a special reference to Clydesdale and a
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Mammalia. By E. R. Alston, F.Z. 8., F.L.S., ess Hage 16.
Crustacea—Part I. Ostracoda. By David Robertson, E.LS.,
Hymenoptera—Part I. By Peter Cameron, P.E.S., = - so a are
” 29 = ” Oe
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J. R. Henderson, M.B., F.L.S., - : - - - Price 2/.
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AND Isopopa OF THE FirtH oF CLYDE AND WEST OF SCOTLAND,
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A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A NEUROPTEROUS Fauwa or IRELAND. By
James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., - - - - “Priceal/Ge
A CATALOGUE OF THE “BRITISH TENEHRED}NID2, By Peter Cameron,
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JAMES Mrtonst,, 14 Knowe Terrace, Pollokshields, Glasgow.
ae
Pe
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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY
OF GLASGOW
VOL. VIII. (New Series.) PART II.
1906-1908.
ig
-LASGOW: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
_ AT ITS ROOMS, 207 BATH. STREET.
‘MAY, 1911.
ry in
beeaiy oth
ee War
ae |
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY
OF GLASGOW
(INCLUDING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY).
VOL. VIII. (New Series.) PART II.
1906-1908.
GLASGOW: PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
AT ITS ROOMS, 207 BATH STREET.
MAY, 1911.
Rorert Anprrson, 142 Wrst Nite Srreer
Guascow.
GONTEN TS.
TRANSACTIONS— PAGE
On the Occurrence of the Rock-Samphire, Crithmum maritimum,
L., and the Marsh Helleborine Orchis, Zpipuctis palustris,
Crantz, on the West of Scotland. iy Alex. Somerville,
Bise., WS.57 > = - - - - . =)» 115
Microfungi aeeaved 3 in Islay. By D. A. Bosal - - - 119
Meteorological Notes, and Remarks upon the Weather during
the Year 1906, with its General Effects upon Vegetation.
By James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow, - 122
With the Cryptogamic Society of Scotland at see By
Db. A. Boyd, - - - - - 143
List of Pyenogonida collected in the mice heed By Richard
Eimhirst, F.L.S., - - - - - 146
Sclerotinia baccarum, Rien: and its Allies. By D. A, Boyd, - 149
Some Observations on the 5 ra F; pigs Phoride. By
J. R. Malloch, - - - - - - 158
The Diptera of Clyde (Third List). By R. Heiser. - 156
Autumn and Winter Bird-Life of the Fairlie Shore. By Rokert
W. S. Wilson, - - - - - - - - 173
Notes on Leaf-sections of Polytrichum. By John R. Lee, - 186
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon the Weather during
the Year 1907, with its General Effects upon Vegetation.
By James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow, - 188
Notes on the Birds frequenting Elder Park, Govan. By William
Rennie, - - - - - - - - - 209
Bryum Duvalii, Voit., in err By D. A. Boyd, - - 218
Occurrence of the Water Betony (Seropvhularia aquatica, L.) in
Islay. By Thomas F. Gilmour, L.R.C.P.Ed., - - -, 219
List of Bute Plants. By J. Ballantyne, - - - - - 219
In Memoriam.—Alexander Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., - oy.
Auchendrane and its Trees. By John Renwick, : - =* 230
Notes on Richardson’s Skua (Stercorarius crevidatus, Gm.).
By Robert W. 8. Wilson, - - - - - - aM 285
On Two New Forms of Carex. By Peter Ewing, F.L.S., - - 237
Reports oN Excursions—
Dalry to Fairlie, - - - - - - - - - 238
Hawkhead, - - . - - - - - - 239
Torrance (East Kilbride), : - - - - - : ent BO
South Bute, - : : - = - - : - - 239
CONTENTS.
Reports on Excursions—continued.
Lochwinnoch,
Calderwood Glen,
Cartland Crags, . - - . . : : :
Loch Riddon,~ - - - - < - : “ : 2
Auchans and Dundonald, - : . : “= : - 2
Auchendrane, - - - : = - = = 5
Monkland and W sear? - - : , = : x =
Dalry, - - - - - - - - - = :
Finlayston, - - - - - - - - - - E
Glen Douglas, - - - - - - - ; 2 :
Montgreenan,
Craigends, -
Erskine, - - : - - - = = : :
Dunure, - -
Calder Glen Cieckse innoch),
Arran, - - - - E . -
Campsie Glen, -
Balmaha to Rowardennan, -
Braidwood to Tillietudlem,
Rosneath, - - - :
Ben Vorlich (Dumbartonshire),
Dougalston and Bardowie, -
SUPPLEMENTARY Report oN Mossres, Hepatics, AND MICROFUNGI
OBSERVED AT EXCURSIONS, - - - - - é. 7
Eristalis eneus, Scopoli, a Dipteron from Islay, - - - -
Annual Business Meeting (Session 1906-1907), Reports, and
Election of Office-Bearers, - E : : B : 2
Grey Lag-Goose (Anser cinereus, Meyer) and Grey Plover
(Squatarola helvetica, L.) from Fairlie, and Rough-legged
Buzzard (Buteo lagopus, Gmelin) from Langbank, - -
Exhibition of Lantern-slides, = - = - : = - -
Remarks on the Geckinide. By Dr. T. Beath Henderson, -
The Tree-Sparrow (Passer montanus, L.) in Bute, — - -
Tabanus sudeticus, Zeller, and other Diptera from Bute, - -
On the Occurrence in Bute of Piezodorus lituratus, Fab., a
Hemipteron new to the Clyde Area. By Alexander Ross, -
On the Sphere of Work of Marine Biological Stations. By
Professor J. Graham Kerr, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.Z.8., - :
Lecture on ‘‘ A Naturalist in South America.” By Professor J.
Graham Kerr, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.Z.8S., - - - -
Proposed See Council of Toda Natural History
Societies, - - - - - - - - -
CONTENTS. v
PROCEEDINGS—continued. PAGE
Heart-leaved Twayblade (Listera cordata, Br.) from Shalloch-
on-Minnoch Moor, Ayrshire, - - - - - =< 281
Habrodon Notarisii, Schp., a rare Moss, from Bute, - - - 9281
On “Plankton.” By Edward J. Bles, B.A., B.Sc.; F.R.S.E., - 281
Report by Delegate to Clyde Naturalists’ Representative Council, 282
On Bombylius major, L., a Dipteron from Loch Riddon. By
Alexander Ross, - 2 = ES 2 & e 2 - 992
Occurrence at Glasgow of Chelifer cancroides (L.), a ‘False . ;
Scorpion” new to Scotland, - - : - : - - 283
On Linotenia maritima (Latr.), and Polywenus lagurus, L.. two
Myriapods from Rough Island, Solway. By Robert Godfrey, 283
Death of Alexander Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., late President, - 283
On the Genus Silybwra. By Dr. T. Beath Henderson, —- - 284
On Didea aineti, Fallén, a rare Dipteron from Loch Lomond,
with Remarks on its Previous British Records. By
Alexander Ross, - - - - - - - - - 284
Ranunculus auricomus, L., from Barwharrie, Ochiltree, — - - 284
Poa Chaixii, Vill., from Auchendrane, - - - . - 284
Abstract Statement of Accounts— Session 1905-1906, - - - 286
Death of Rev. John Fergusson, LL.D,, Fearn, Brechin, - - 287
Occurrence at Finlayston of Ambiystegium fluviatile, B. and S., a
Moss new to Vice-County 76, and at Montgreenan of Otidea
leporina (Batsch) Fckl., a Fungus new to the Clyde Area, - 287
La Lautaret and its Plant Life. By Dr. Robert Brown, - = S2Oy
Annual Business M eeting (Session 1907-1908), Reports, and
~ Election of Office-Bearers, - - - - - - - 290
Revort on Meeting of the British Association at Leicester. By
Peter Ewing, F.L.S., - - - - - - - - 292
Remarks on Bitis gabonica, D. and B., and B. nasicornis, Shaw,
two Species of Puff-adder from Rhodesia. By Dr. T. Beath
Henderson, - - - - - - - - - - 292
Occurrence of the Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus, L.) near
Kilmarnock, : - - - = - - - 295
Water Betony (Scrophularia aquatica, L.) from Islay, - - 293
Nesting of the Pied Flycatcher (Muscicapa atricapilla, L.) at
Glendoune, Girvan, - - - - - - - - 293
On the Occurrence near Port Ellen, Islay, of ZHristalis sepul-
chralis, L., with Notes on English and Scottish Records of
the Species. By Alexander Ross, - - - - ~ 293
Occurrence of Meta menardi (Latr.), Crithmum maritimum, L.,
Beta maritima, L., and Ahnfeitia plicata, Fries, on the
Carrick Coast of Ayrshire, - - - - - - - 294
On the Present Position of the Local Collections in the Kelvin-
grove Museum. By Peter Macnair, FLR.S.E.,-F.G.8., - 9 204
Death of Lord Kelvin, - - - - - - . - 295
CONTENTS.
PROCEEDINGS —continued.
On the Occurrence of the Cave Spider (Meta menardi, Latr.)
near Dunure, Ayrshire. By John Smith, -
ixhibition of Lantern-slides, — - - - . - - .
Death of Dr. Alexander Frew and E. A. L. Batters, LL.B.,
BYA., HLL:Ss; - - - - - - - - -
Notes on Phoride and other Diptera. By J. R. Malloch,
Occurrence of Petromyzon marinus, L., at Uddingston, and
Centrina salviani, Risso, in the North Sea, - - -
Lecture on the Pycnogonida, or Soeeasd By Professor
Leonard A, L. King, M.A., = - - - -
Proposed Public Exhibition of the Common Ww ild-Flowers of
the District, - - : - - - - - -
Black-necked Grebe (Podicepes nigricoliis, C. L. Brehm) from
Helensburgh, - - - - - - - - -
Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor, L.) from Arran, :
Notes on the Glass-rope Sponge (Hyalonema ae Geny)
By Alexander Ross, - - - - - -
King Eider Duck (Somateria spectabilis, L.) from near ayaa:
Occurrence of Corymbetes eneus, L., at Glen Callum Bay, South
Bute, - - - - - - - - - -
On the Fish Fauna of the Upper Silarian Inlier of Lesmahagow.
By Peter Macnair, F.R.S.E., F.G.8., - - : - -
On Recent Additions to the Diptera of the Clyde Faunal Area.
By Robert Henderson, - - - - - - -
Remarks on a Nightjar (Caprimulgus enropwus, L.) from Car-
donald. By Robert W. 8. Wilson, - - - - -
Remarks on the Occurrence of Bembidium quadriguttatum, F.,
at Fairlie ; Votoxus monoceros, L.,at Monkton ; and Leiopus
nebulosus, L., between Craigallion and Blanefield ; with
Notes on previous Scottish Records of these Coleoptera.
By John KE. Murphy and Alexander Ross. - - - -
Microthamnion Kiitzingianum, Nig., from Ailsa Craig; Spiro-
tenia condensata, Bréb., from Balmaha; and Desmidiwm
Swartzii (?), Ag., from Milngavie, - - - : -
Abstract Statement of Accounts—Session 1906-1907,- - -
InDICES—
General Index, - - - + : 5 4 - =
Topographical Index, - - : - : 2 : 2 e
Index to Names of Contributors, &c., - -
6 Popular Names, - : :
xs Scientific Names, Zoology. - - - - -
” ” ” Botany, Y > . iz 5
PAGE
304
305
306
307
310
318
320
323
329
TirLe, ConrENTS, AND ERRata For Vou. VIII., Parr Il., - Appendix
i ie ee
ta
—
-
ERRATA.
Page 125, line 22, tor /uciliw read Lucilia.
oe AGMy. ie 5 26, - os: TINE »» wing.
ROCK-SAMPHIRE. 115
On the occurrence of the Rock-Samphire, Crithmum
maritimum, L., and the Marsh Helleborine Orchis,
Epipactis palustris, Crantz, on the West of Scotland.
By Axex. Somprvintitz, B.Sc., F.L.S.
[Read 26th March, 1907.]
Ir is of interest that we are able to bring before the Society
two plants, neither of them minute or inconspicuous, one of
them tall and striking; which, during the past summer, were
met with on the Island of Colonsay, one of the South Inner
Hebrides, where they proved to be practically additions to the
known flora of the West of Scotland. Of these, one is an
Umbelliferous Dicotyledon, and the other an Orchidaceous
Monocotyledon.
We shall refer in the first place to the former, the Rock-
Samphire, Crithmum maritimum of Linneus, which has been
known as British since 1548, or for 360 years, a plant whose
habitat is rocks and rocky cliffs by the sea, and which has been
recorded hitherto from 26 out of the 112 vice-counties of Greut
Britain, only a single addition (that of East Suffolk) having
been made to their number since the issue of Topographical
Botany in 1883.
Crithmum is a plant well distinguished by its long entire
fleshy leaflets, which are glaucous in appearance, cold to the
touch, and have an aromatic scent.
The young leaves, gathered in May, make, when sprinkled
with salt and preserved in vinegar, the well-known pickled
condiment. From this we can gather that though Crithmum
belongs to the Hemlock Order, it is not in itself poisonous.
The inflorescence, or arrangement of the flowers on the flower-
stalk, is, as will be seen from the specimens shown, a compound,
many-rayed, flat-topped umbel, consisting of an assemblage of
small, stalked, yellowish-white flowers, with numerous bracts
and bracteoles; the fruits, known as cremocarps, having thick
primary ridges and many vitte; the whole plant differing much
from all the other British Umbellifere, of which there are about
seventy.
A
116 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
In Scotland, Crzthmwm is both rare and local. It comes near
the truth to say that it has of late been much restricted to a
part of the Wigtownshire coast—the Rinns of Wigtown, that
long, narrow peninsula which stretches south and ends in the
headland known as the Mull of Galloway.* By Professor Trail,
in his Topographical Botany of Scotland, two East - Coast
counties are given for Crithmum—Midlotiian and Fife—but
they are double-queried in both cases, indicating decided doubts
as to the correctness of any Hast-Coast records. Coming west,
the counties named both by Hewitt Cottrell Watson and by
Professor Trail are Kirkcudbright, Wigtown, and Ayr. From
Watson’s Topographical Botany of Great Britain (1883) we
know that a Kirkcudbright specimen was shown to Watson by
Boswell Syme, editor of Sowerby’s Botany, 3rd edition, and
as regards Ayrshire, that Crithmuwm is included by the late
Rey. James Duncan (died 1861), whose Catalogue of Ayrshire
plants was treated by Watson as reliable, no Ayrshire station,
however, being given for Crithmum. Mr. Ewing, in his Glasgow
Catalogue of Plants, includes Crithmum for Ayrshire, but does
not say where or by whom it was found.
That our plant should have made its way so far north as to
Colonsay, where, on the western side of the island, it was last
year met with, growing in a compact mass two square yards in
extent, just at high-water mark, and among very savage, large,
broken rocks, was interesting, as it extends the plant’s geo-
graphical range a good way further up the British coast, indi-
cating that there is room for the discovery of other plants with
which the higher latitude would not disagree.
There is but one species of the genus Crzthmum known to
science, this of ours, and its distribution, according to Bentham,
is the Atlantic coasts of Europe and Northern Africa, extending
along the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.
It is abundant in Southern and Western England, and, as Mr.
F. H. Davey states in his new J'entative Flora of Cornwall, it
occurs all round the Cornish coast. It is to be found also in
Ireland, principally in the south, and the author of this paper
met with it in 1901 on the Kenmare River, on the coast of
County Kerry.
*Tt has been found, however, at Burrow Head, across Luce Bay from
the Rhinns, by Messrs. Paterson, Mackenzie, and Robertson, Glasgow,
about ten years ago,
oe
ROCK-SAMPHIRE, 117
To other two British plants the name of Samphire has been
given, namely to the Glasswort, Salicornia herbacea, called the
Marsh-Samphire, a succulent, shore-loving plant known to most
of us; and secondly, to the Golden Samphire, Inula crithmoides,
a rather striking composite, occurring along the English
Channel and in the Channel Islands, and, somewhat remarkably,
recorded also as having been met with, in years past, in the
South of Scotland, in Wigtown and Kirkcudbright.
The plant under notice, the Rock-Samphire, is distinguished
by having been named in Shakespeare’s Play, King Lear
(Act iv. 6. 15), and up till not many years ago used to be
gathered on the Dover Cliffs, on what was known as Shake-
speare’s Day.
The poet supposes that Edgar is leading Gloucester along,
and says—
“Come on, sir; here’s the place: stand still. How fearful
And dizzy ’tis, to cast one’s eyes so low!
The crows and choughs that wing the midway air
Show scarce so gross as beetles: half way down
Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! ”
In many Scotch Libraries, private as well as public, there is
to be found a former “ Flora ’’ of this northern division of the
Kingdom. I refer to the Flora Scotica of Lightfoot, published
in 1777, now 130 years ago. In this work we are informed
of the finding, in Kilmuir Parish, in the Island of Skye, in
bogs near Duntulm Castle there, of that distinguished-looking
plant among botanical aristocrats, the Marsh Helleborine Orchis,
Epipactis palustris of Crantz, known previously as Serapias
longifolia, to which we are now to refer. The only record of
the plant from the West of Scotland seems to have been this
of Lightfoot’s, and we do not learn that anyone has found it
since his time, or at least has recorded it as occurring in that
quarter.
To the satisfaction of the valued botanical referee, our Cor-
responding Member, Mr. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S.,
was, at the end of July last, met with growing in an evidently
suitable situation in the south-west corner of the Island of
Colonsay, on damp, almost marshy, sandy grass-land, well back
from undulating dunes lying along the sea-coast,
this plant
There were
118 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
altogether some ten specimens, several not being likely to
flower that year.
In the immediate neighbourhood were large quantities of the
greater Twayblade, Zistera ovata, R. Br., and abundance also
of Orchis pyramidalis, L., with which we in Scotland have
but little acquaintance, together with the more widely-distributed
Fragrant Orchis, Gymnadenia Conopsea, Benth., with its rich
pungent odour.
The circumstance of this striking plant (the Hpzpactis) appear-
ing where it did is, as Mr. Bennett remarks, odd, when one
comes to look at its European, and especially its Scandinavian
distribution, and I cannot help thinking, he adds, that it will
be found in one of the other isles between Colonsay and Skye;
and, judging from analogy, I should have said it would be more
likely to occur in the West of Scotland than in the East.
That Hpipactis palustris is but a rare plant with us may
be gathered from the fact that Professor Trail, in his Z’opo-
graphical Botany of Scotland, is only able to give it for three
Icwland counties on the east—Berwick, Haddington, and Mid-
lothian ; from Fife also, and from the three divisions of Perth-
shire, in all of which I believe it is a scarce plant.
In England it is widely distributed, and recorded as occur-
ring in 59 of the 71 vice-counties. In Jreland, Mr. Praeger
describes it as a characteristic plant of the Central Plain,
thinning out in the north and east.
There are five British species of the genus /pipactis, several
of them much alike; palustris, whose habitat is marshy ground,
is about a foot high, with stem leafy, flowers few, the outer
leaves of the perianth green, striped with red. Orchis plants
most commonly rise from ovate or palmate tubers. Of Lpipactzs,
however, and some other genera, e.g., Cephalanthera, the
rootstock is a fibrous and creeping one, well seen in Cephalan-
thera ensifolia, of which an Arran specimen is shown for
comparison.
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MICROFUNGI OBSERVED IN ISLAY. 119
Microfungi observed in Islay.
By D. A. Boyp.
[Read 28th May, 1907.]
Durinc the month of July, 1905, I spent about twelve days
in Islay. Although a considerable amount of time each day
during my visit was occupied in cycling from place to place,
or in viewing archzological remains and other objects of interest,
I was also able to devote some attention to the botanical
features of the island. In the course of my rambles I had
often the privilege of being conducted by Dr. Thomas F.
Gilmour, Port Ellen, whose keen enthusiasm and ready stores
of scientific information rendered these occasions much more
pleasant and profitable than they would otherwise have been.
When contrasted with the other islands of the Hebridean
group, Islay is seen to possess features peculiarly its own.
Although it lacks the grandeur of outline characteristic of
Arran and Skye, its scenery is so varied, and affords so great
a diversity of conditions favourable to plant life, as to render
its exploration a source of unfailing enjoyment. Besides pre-
senting the general features common to most of the larger islands
of the group, Islay is notable for the comparatively great extent
of ground which has been put under cultivation, cropped regu-
larly from year to year, and brought to a state of fertility highly
creditable to the intelligent skill of the local farmers. The
flora is therefore more varied, by the occurrence of a larger
number of weeds of cultivation, than is usual among the other
western islands.
Besides the places where my observations were chiefly made,
there are many others which would doubtless yield a rich and
varied harvest of cryptogamic plants if carefully explored,
especially in late autumn. Among such places which await
examination may be mentioned the moist woods around
Kildalton, Bridgend, and Port Askaig; the extensive tracts of
peat moss and stretches of sandy shore between Port Ellen and
Bowmore; and the numerous lochs and marshes which occur
throughout the island.
120 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
As very little information regarding the mycology of the
Hebrides has been placed upon record, the following fragmentary
list of Microfungi observed in Islay is offered, in the hope that
it may not only possess some interest as a first contribution to
the subject to which it relates, but may have the effect of
stimulating further research in the same and kindred direc-
tions :—
Cystopus candidus (Pers.) Lév.--On Capsella Bursa-pastoris ;
Port Ellen.
Bremia lactuce, Regel.—On Senecio vulgaris ; Vhe Ard.
Peronospora urtice (Lib.) De Bary.—On Urtica wrens; Port
Ellen.
P. vicie (Berk.) De Bary.—On Pisum sativum ; Ardbeg.
P. alta, Fckl.—On Plantago major; Port Ellen, &e.
Ustilago avene, Jensen.—On Avena sativa ; Port Ellen, &e.
Tilletia decipiens (Pers.) Winter.—On Agrostis vulgaris; Kilbride,
Kildalton, &e.
Protomyces macrosporus, Ung.—On dgopodium Podagraria ;
The Ard, &e.
Uromyces limonit (D.C.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Armeria in
garden ; Kildalton.
U. polygoni (Pers.) Fckl.—As Uredo ; on Polygonum Aviculare ;
Kilbride.
U. trifolai (A. & 8.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Trifolium repens ;
Port Ellen.
U. rumicis (Schum.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Rumex Acetosa ;
Port Ellen.
U. alchemille (Pers.) Winter.—On Alchemilla vulgaris; The Ard,
Puccinia galii (Pers.) Winter.—As Uredo,; on Galiwm verum,;
Port Ellen.
P. calthe, Link.—On Caltha palustris; Port Ellen, Upper
Killeyan.
P. viole (Schum.) Winter.—On Viola Riviniana; Middle
Cragabus.
P. primule (D.C.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Primula vulgaris ;
Kildalton.
P. rubigo-vera (D.C.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Holcus lanatus ;
Kilbride.
P. poarum, Nielsen.— As eidiwm ; on Tussilago Fartara ; Port
Ellen, Wc.
MICROFUNGI OBSERVED IN ISLAY. 121
P. suaveolens (Pers.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Cnicus arvensis ;
Port Ellen.
P. centauree, Mart.—On Centaurea nigra ; Port Ellen.
P. oblongata (Link.) Winter.—As Uredo ; on Luzula campestris
and L. maxima; The Ard, Kildalton.
P. Baryi (B. & Br.) Winter—As Uredo; on Brachypodium
sylvaticum; Port Ellen.
P. Fergussoni, B. & Br.—On Viola palustris ; Kildalton.
LP. chrysosplenii, Grev.—On Chrysosplenium oppositifolium ;
Kildalton, Port Askaig.
P. valantie, Pers.—On Galiwm saxatile ; Ardbeg.
Melampsora lini (Pers.) Winter.— As Uredo; on Linum
catharticum ; Kilbride.
M. betulina (Pers.) Winter.—As Uredo; on Betula alba;
Kildalton.
M. pustulata (Pers.) Winter.—As Uredo,; on Epilobium palustre ;
Kilbride.
Coleosporium tussilaginis, Lév.—On Tussilago Farfara,; Port
Ellen, &e.
C. euphrasie (Schum.) Winter.—On Rhinanthus Crista-galli and
Bartsia Odontites ; Port Ellen, Kilbride.
Lophodermium juniperinum (Fr.) De Not.—On dead leaves of
Juniperus ; maritime rocks near The Ard.
Ascomyces potentille, Farlow. — On Potentilla Tormentiila ;
Kilbride.
' Podosphera oxyacanthe (D.C.) De Bary.—Mycelium on Crategus
Oxyacantha ; Ardbeg.
Polystigma rubrum, Pers.—Imperfectly developed condition, as
red crusts on living leaves of Prunus spinosa ; Port Ellen.
Spherella rumicis (Desm.) Cke.— On Rumex obtusifolius ;
Lagavulin.
Actinonema rose (Lib.) Fr.—On rose-leaves ; Ardbeg.
Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast.— On uredospores of Puccinia
oblongata ; near The Ard.
Septoria hydrocotyles, Desm.—On Hydrocotyle vulgaris ; Kildalton.
S. urtice, Desm. & Rob.—On Urtica dioica ; Port Ellen.
Melanconium bicolor, Nees.—On dead bark of Betula alba;
Kildalton. .
Oidiwm monilioides, Link.—On living grass-leaves ; Lagavulin.
Tubercularia vulgaris, Tode.—On a dead branch ; The Ard.
122 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon _ the
Weather during the Year 1906, with its General
Effects upon Vegetation.
By James Wuirron, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow
[Read 28th May, 1907.]
In order to preserve the continuity of the series, these notes
have been compiled, as in former years, from the records kept
at Queen’s Park, Glasgow.
January.—tThe first day of the year was cold and dull, but
dry. In the early hours of the morning slight showers of snow
had fallen, but throughout the day was seasonable and enjoy-
able, despite the keenness of the easterly wind. These con-
ditions continued until the afternoon of the 3rd, when heavy
rain fell, and until the middle of the month the weather was
changeable and stormy, with a considerable rainfall. On the
8th a thick watery fog enveloped the city for several hours.
The latter half of the month was somewhat better than the
earlier, though high winds were of frequent occurrence.
The changeable nature of the weather is well shown by the
irregular and erratic line of atmospheric pressure. On the Ist
the barometer indicated 29°70 inches, and on the 3rd, 29°20
inches; then, after varying several points up and down for several
days, there was a sharp decline to 28°80 inches on the 9th.
After quickly rising to 29°60 inches on the 11th, the pressure
kept within a few points of that figure for several days, then
from 29°25 inches on the 18th it rapidly rose to 30°00 inches
on the 19th, and to 30°30 inches on the 22nd. Then the pressure
declined to 29°40 inches on the 25th, after which date it again
increased, till on the 31st it indicated 30°00 inches.
The rainfall was above the monthly average, 4°74 inches
being registered, while there were only 8 dry days. In the
corresponding month of 1905 the rainfall was only 1°78 inches,
with 15 dry days.
a a a a EE
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 123
The maximum (day) temperature was 43°, and the minimum
(night) temperature was 37°, compared with 43° and 35°
respectively in the same month in 1905, and also in 1904. The
higher minimum may be accounted for by the absence of
severe frosts, as only 9°, occurring on four days, were registered,
whereas in the two preceding Januarys there were 33° frost on
nine days and 28° on eight days respectively.
Consequent on the absence of hard frost and drying winds,
vegetation looked remarkably fresh for the season, the grass
lands being wonderfully clean and bright. Snowdrops were
noticed in bloom on the 25th, while narcissi and winter aconites
(ELranthis hyemalis) were in active growth, while those
early-flowering rhododendrons, Rhododendron pracor and R.
nobleanum, were expanding and showing the colour in their
bloom buds, and the buds of the goat-willow swelling fast, in
the last week of the month.
February.—For a few days there was a continuance of the
same moderately changeable weather which marked the closing
days of January. Then the weather became colder and more
wintry-like; sharp frosts occurred on the 4th and 5th. The
8th was a wet, stormy day, and on the morning of the 9th there
was a fall of snow—which, however, did not lie long, as rain
followed—and the forenoon of the 10th was very wet and
disagreeable. Frost again set in, and on the 13th and 14th
snow and sleet showers were frequent. The weather became
more settled, and after the 19th was drier and colder—with
some fogs in the city—until the 24th, when another change
scecurred, and that night and following day were very wet and
stormy. These conditions continued with some severity till the
end of the month.
The severe and rapid changes of the weather are well shown
by the wide and erratic range of the atmospheric pressure. On
the Ist the barometer indicated 29°80 inches, while on the two
following days it was three points lower. On the 4th the
pressure had risen to 30°00 inches, and kept near that point
until the 7th, after which date there was a rapid decline to
28°50 inches on the 10th, when a spell of stormy weather was
experienced. The rise thereafter was fairly regular, until on
the 21st it had again reached 30°00 inches. Another change
124 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
set in, and the pressure again rapidly declined to 28°80 inches
on the 25th, after which it rose, till on the 28th it reached
29°40 inches.
Including melted snow, the rainfall amounted to 2°83 inches,
which is slightly in excess of the amount (2°51 inches) registered
in the previous February. There were 10 dry days.
In regard to the average temperatures—maximum, 42°, and
minimum, 30°—these, compared with 45° and 34° in 1905 and
41° and 32° in 1904 respectively, were somewhat low, owing to
the amount of frost registered during the month. Frost occurred
on 19 days, to the total of 92°, whereas in 1905 the amount
for February was only 35° on 11 days. The lowest readings
were 22° on the 5th, 20° on the 12th, and 22° on the 24th.
The cold weather had its natural effect on vegetation. Plants
which were on the move were checked, and those early-blooming
rhododendrons which were opening their buds in January were
severely injured, while all soft shoots on evergreens were
blackened. The first open blooms on Daphue Mezereum were
observed on the 6th, and the first crocus on the 20th, while the
snowdrops were in full bloom all month.
March.—During the first week the weather was fine and dry.
A change set in on the 6th, when a sharp gale, with rain,
occurred in the morning. Rain also fell on the 7th, while the
8th was wild and stormy, with heavy showers of hail and rain.
These conditions prevailed until the forenoon of the 9th. On
the 11th, which was also stormy, there was a fall of snow.
Thereafter for several days the weather kept dry and frosty,
snow again falling on the 14th, while on the 15th and 16th a
considerable quantity of rain fell. The latter half of the month
was generally bright, dry, and sunny, though, on account of the
easterly winds, at times very cold. The closing days were much
milder.
The barometric readings show that the atmospheric pressure
was erratic and irregular during the first half of the month.
On the 1st the pressure was 29°30 inches, and on the 3rd, 30°10
inches. A fairly steady decline to 29°30 inches on the 9th, then,
with a rise of four points on the 10th, was followed by the
sharpest fall of the month, when, during the storm of the 11th,
the reading was 28°90 inches. The subsequent rise was equally
ae %.
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 125
sharp to 29°70 inches on the 14th, then another sudden fall to
29°10 inches on the 15th presaged the storm of rain which fell
on the 15th and 16th. Thereafter the rise was steady, and the
pressure kept fairly high, when on no less than nine days it
was at 30°00 inches, and on the 31st at 30°10 inches.
While there were 21 dry days in the month, the rainfall
amounted to 3°37 inches—more than the half of which fell in
two days. The amount was about the average for this month.
In March, 1905, the rainfall was 3°16 inches.
Frost to the extent of 60° was registered on 10 days,
consequently the average temperatures— maximum, 45°, and
minimum, 33°—are lower by 4° in each case than those of the
same month in 1905, when only 1° of frost was registered,
and curiously correspond very closely to the conditions of March,
1904, when, with 61° of frost on 15 days, the figures were 44°
and 32° respectively.
Despite the cold, vegetation generally showed signs of activity,
and the buds on hawthorns, willows, and balsam poplars swelled
fast, and several were bursting into leaf in the last week of the
month. The spring flowers also developed rapidly. The snow-
drops were past their best in the first week. The “glory of the
snow ”? (Chionodoza Lucille) was in full bloom on the 15th. The
common narcissus (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus ) began to open on
the 18th, while the crocuses, which had been blooming inter-
mittently for some time, were, along with the earlier daffodils,
squills, hepaticas, &c., in their glory during the latter weeks of
the month. Amongst shrubs, the Forsythia suspensa was in full
bloom, and Ribes sanguinea showing flower.
The farmers availed themselves of the dry weather, and much
seed was sown under favourable conditions
April.—This, “the month of showers,” belied its -reputation,
as it proved to be the driest month of the year. The first
half was notably dry, as no rain fell, and, though there were
occasional touches of frost in the mornings, the days were
generally bright and sunny, and several were pleasantly warm.
On the afternoon of the 15th there was a peculiar dust storm,
which lasted several hours. Whether this was the precursor of
a change in the weather or not, there was a disagreeable change
for holiday-makers, as the weather of the 16th, on which the
126 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Glasgow Spring Holiday was held, was of a most unpleasant
nature, the day being dull, cold, and rainy. On the morning
of the 19th, after a sharp frost, there was a dense fog, which
lasted for several hours. Colder weather prevailed during the
latter half of the month, many days being dull and raw, with
occasional showers of hail, while on the 28th there were heavy
showers of snow.
In the early part of the month the atmospheric pressure was
high and fairly steady, and between the Ist and 15th it was
only four times slightly below 30°00 inches. There were two
sharp falls on the 5th to 29°60 and on the 13th to 29°80, on
which days the weather was dull and cloudy. The highest
reading of the barometer was 30°50 inches, on the 9th. After
the 15th the pressure never touched 30°00 inches, while the
lowest reading was 29°00 inches, on the 29th.
In regard to the temperature, the average maximum was
54° and the average minimum 35°. Though only a total of
12° of frost was registered on six days, the minimum ther-
mometer was frequently low, and it was at or below freezing
point (32° Fah.) on ten occasions, and at or below 35° on
nineteen mornings, consequently the average minimum tempera-
ture is low, and 1° lower, while the maximum is 3° higher, than
the respective figures for April, 1905.
There were 19 dry days, and the rainfall only amounted to
1°21 inches, which is, as already indicated, much below the
average. In the corresponding month of 1905 the amount was
1°79 inches, with 15 dry days, whereas in April, 1904, there
were 4°64 inches and only 6 dry days.
The sunny weather in the earlier part of the month had its
natural effect on vegetation, and those species of trees which
tend to start early into growth began bursting their buds, and
by the 15th there was a decided sheen of green in the wood-
lands. Amongst the many deciduous trees which bloomed well,
the Norway maple (Acer platanoides) was more strikingly
effective when in flower than usual. Those early and usually
effective hybrid rhododendrons, Rhododendron J ackson. and R.
Eugenie, were also in full flower by the above date. However,
these, along with the acers, beeches, and chestnuts, were badly
browned by the sharp frost on the 19th. The colder weather of
the latter part of the month greatly checked the development of
Pe ---
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 127
vegetation, though the Incomparabilis and lateflowering section
of narcissi bloomed as well as the earlier ones had done,
and made an effective display on lawns and borders along with
erythroniums, scillas, and other spring flowers. During the dry
weather much was done throughout the district in the seeding
of arable land and planting of potatoes.
May.—The cold, changeable weather which prevailed during
the latter half of April continued almost throughout this month ;
very few days passed without rain falling. While there were a
few mild days, on the other hand several were distinctly cold
and stormy, notably the 17th, 24th, and 25th. During the
afternoon of the 25th a sharp thunderstorm occurred, which was
accompanied by heavy rain and a most remarkable shower of
hail—in fact, more resembling broken ice than ordinary hail.
Curiously, considering the changeable nature of the weather,
the barometric readings do not show a wide range in the
atmospheric pressure. The lowest reading was 29°30 inches on
the 3rd, and, though somewhat irregular in course, the highest
point indicated was 29°90 inches, on the 13th and 14th. The
only notably sharp decline was from the aforesaid point to 29°35
inches on the 17th, when, with a change in the wind from N.E.
to N.W., that day was cold, wet, and stormy. The pressure
after that date was fairly steady, ranging between 28°80 and
29°50 inches.
Though only a total of 4° of frost on two days was recorded,
the radiating thermometer on the grass was frequently at
freezing point, and the general temperature continued low
throughout, consequently the average maximum, 54°, and
minimum, 42°, are lower than usual for May. In May, 1905,
the averages were 58° and 44° respectively, while the ther-
mometer never fell to freezing point.
The rainfall amounted to 3°84 inches. No such amount has
been registered for May for many years. There were only 7 dry
days. In the previous May the rainfall was only 1°67 inches,
and there were 17 dry days.
The unseasonable weather had a deterrent effect on vegetation.
Grass grew but slowly, and, while there was every promise of
an excellent display of bloom on most shrubs and trees, the
128 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
development of flower and growth of the earlier-growing species
was sadly checked by the cold wind and low temperature. The
hailstorm on the 25th had a disastrous effect on many trees
and shrubs. In many cases the young shoots were blackened
and broken, while such subjects as acers and chestnuts had their
leaves torn and lacerated and ruined for the season. The fine
promise of a crop of fruit on apples, pears, plums, &c., was
dispelled by the same storm, as the trees were literally stripped
of their flowers and embryo fruit within an hour. The leafing
of the oak occurred on the 13th, and the ash on the 28th; in
the former on the same date, and the latter a week later than
in the previous year.
June.—After the Ist, which was showery, there was a marked
improvement in the weather, which became dry and warm.
These delightful conditions prevailed for some time, and no rain
fell until the evening of the 14th, when there was a light drizzle.
Heavier rain fell on the 17th, and, though more or less rain
fell on most days thereafter, the weather, on the whole, was
pleasant and enjoyable—indeed, several days were very warm
and bright, notably the 18th and 19th.
When the fine weather prevailed there was a fairly high and
steady line of atmospheric pressure. On the Ist the barometer
indicated 29°30 inches, then, after a sharp rise to 30°00 inches
on the 3rd, it kept above that point until the 14th, and on
several occasions was as high as 30°20 inches. A slight de
pression occurred on the 15th, but the pressure kept about
30°00 inches until the 22nd, when it fell almost steadily to 29°50
inches on the 27th, on which day there was a strong S.W. wind;
then, after a rapid rise, it kept at 29°90 inches during the two
last days of the month.
The rainfall of June has for several years been low, and no
exception occurred on this occasion, as only 1°69 inches were
registered. There were 17 dry days. In the previous June the
rainfall was only 0°82 inch, and there were 22 dry days.
In regard to the temperature, although the thermometer in
shade was only above 70° on -four occasions—9th, 10th, 11th, and
12th—it was above 60° on 26 days, the result being that the
average maximum (65°) is 1° higher than in June of 1905,
ond
"en
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 129
when the temperature was above 70° on 7 days, while the average
minimum (50°) is the same as what occurred in the correspond-
ing month of the two preceding years. The hottest day of the
month was the 11th, when the thermometer indicated 76° in
the shade.
With the improvement in the atmospheric conditions, vegeta-
tion made rapid progress, and, considering the backward state
in which things were, the subsequent results were better than
anticipated. Those trees and shrubs which, through being later
in growth, escaped the blighting storm in May, made excellent
progress, and by the 8th hawthorns, laburnums, lilacs, &c., were
in splendid bloom, while rhododendrons made as fine a display
as has been seen in the city parks for many years. Field crops
likewise made satisfactory progress, and the hay crop, which fer
a time looked doubtful, improved immensely.
July.—tThe fine weather which prevailed in June continued
until the 12th. The morning of the 6th was wet, but after-
wards the day was bright and warm. A change set in on the
13th, and the proverbial ill luck in regard to weather was
experienced when the annual Glasgow Fair Holidays were
observed. During these holidays, Fair Saturday is the most
important day for the great mass of the people, hence the break
in the weather was most unfortunate, and caused much dis-
comfort to the many thousands who left the city for the coast
and country on pleasure bent. The weather continued change
able and showery, with frequent strong winds, till the end of the
month. From 3 till 5 on the afternoon of the 27th a peculiar
darkness overspread the city.
The barometer readings show a moderate range of pressure,
without any very notable variation. For the first two days it
was at 29°90 inches, thereafter slightly rising for two days,
after which falling to 29°70 on the 6th, when the morning was
rainy. Rising steadily for several days, it was at 30°10 inches
on the llth and 12th. The change on the 13th was indicated
by a drop to 29°80 inches, with a further decline to 29°40 inches
on the 19th, which was the lowest reading for the month. After
the 19th there was a slight rise in the pressure, which kept
fairly steady, near to 29°70 inches, until the end of the month,
130 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
There were only 9 dry days, and, though the weather was
showery, the amount of rain registered was only 2°37 inches,
which is less than what fell in July, 1905, when, with 12 dry
days, the amount was 2°81 inches. While there were fewer dry
days and a less amount of rainfall than what was experienced
in the previous July, the temperature was also lower throughout.
In July, 1905, the maximum thermometer in shade was above
70° on 11 days, and even as high as 78° on two occasions,
while in the month under notice the thermometer was only
twice above 70°—viz., 72° on the 5th and 71° on the 26th—
and on 9 days it did not exceed 60°. Consequently the average
temperatures—maximum, 64°, and minimum, 50°—are in each
case 3° lower.
While unpleasant for holiday-makers, the weather was, on the
whole, conducive to the healthy growth of vegetation, though
the showery conditions, with lower temperature, did not tend
towards early maturity. The harvesting of the hay crop began
during the first ten days, but thereafter operations were much
hindered by the frequency of rain showers.
August—During the greater part of the month there was a
continuance of the weather conditions which characterised July.
With the exception of four occasions, rain was registered every
day up to the 26th, and on several occasions thunderstorms were
experienced. The last five days were fine, bright, and warm.
The changeable nature of the weather is well shown by the
irregular line of barometric readings. From 29°80 inches on
the lst, the pressure sharply fell to 29°30 on the 3rd. With an
equally sharp rise it was at 30°00 inches on the 6th. A steady
fall continued till the 13th, when for-three days, during which
heavy rains fell, the pressure was at 29°30 inches. Then, with
a gradual rise, it reached 29°90 inches on the 19th. Afterwards,
with sharp changes, it touched 29°40 inches on the 25th, there
after quickly rising to 30°15 inches on the 28th, which was the
highest point reached during the month, after which the tendency
was downwards.
Owing to the frequency of heavy rains, the rainfall registered
was 5°28 inches—an amount considerably above the average.
There were only 8 dry days. In August, 1905, the rainfall
amounted to 3°61 inches, with 12 dry days,
eS
= ee eee
OSE eae
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 131
Notwithstanding the amount of rainfall, many days were warm,
and on no less than 5 days the thermometer was above 70°.
The highest reading was 76° on the 29th, and only twice did
it fall below 60°. Consequently the average maximum, 64°,
and minimum, 53°, are high compared with the previous August,
when the respective figures were 62° and 50°.
The warm temperature made a marked difference in the
appearance of root and grain crops, as the heat counteracted
any tendency to sourness in the soil by excess of moisture, and
all field crops improved greatly during the month. After the
thunderstorm on the night of the 2nd, defoliation began on elms,
limes, and sycamores in the city parks.
September. — The weather of this month was remarkable in
several respects. The rainfall, with the exception of that of
April, was the lowest of the year. Whilst the highest tempera-
tures were recorded and no frosts occurred, the general con-
ditions were of a delightful character. The hot weather which
prevailed during the last week of August was intensified in the
first week of this month. A change set in on the 3rd, and
heavy rain fell on the evening of the 4th and morning of the
5th. Though the weather became cooler after that date, there
were some splendid days, with beautiful sunsets. Monday, the
24th, which was the Glasgow Autumn Holiday, though one of the
coolest days of the month, was fine and pleasant.
The barometer was fairly high and regular, and only two
noteworthy fluctuations of pressure occurred. These were from
30°00 inches on the 4th to 29°60 inches on the 6th, and from
30°00 inches on the 9th, 10th, and 11th there was a sharp fall
to 29°18 inches on the 15th. The rise thereafter was equally
sharp, and the pressure was above 30°00 inches during the
remainder of the month. On the 24th and 25th it was up to
30°40 inches.
As already stated, the rainfall was low, only 1°41 inches being
registered. There were 21 dry days. In the corresponding
month of 1905 the rainfall amounted to 2°11 inches, and there
were 12 dry days.
In regard to the temperature, though the radiating ther-
mometer on the grass was below freezing point on several
occasions, no frost was registered by the thermometer in shade,
B
132 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW,
The maximum thermometer in shade was above 60° on 19 days,
the three hottest days being the Ist, with 76°; the 2nd, with
80°; and the 3rd, with 82°. The average temperatures are,
therefore, high, the maximum being 62° and the minimum 47°,
compared with 58° and 46° respectively for September, 1905.
The above average temperatures are the highest recorded for
September since 1899, when these were 63° and 48°.
With the fine weather cereals ripened rapidly, and much
harvesting was accomplished during the latter half of the month.
The defoliation of deciduous trees in and around the city
became very pronounced, and by the end of the month many
were quite divested of leaves.
October.—There was a decided change in the character of the
weather from that which was experienced in the preceding
month. While September was dry and fine, October was wet
and sunless. The first week was very mild, but dull, and rain
fell on the Ist and 4th. The weather gradually got cooler, and
frost set in on the evening of the 13th, and on the morning
of the 14th 6° of frost were registered. This was the first
frost of the autumn, which destroyed all tender plants and
practically finished the display of flowers for the season. Though
there were occasional fine days, very few were without rain
during the twenty-four hours. These rains, at times mixed with
hail, were frequently heavy and cold, and, as the winds were
often strong, the weather conditions were not too pleasant.
The erratic line of atmospheric pressure was within a very
moderate range during the first three weeks, the pressure see-
sawing between 29°80 inches on the Ist to 29°20 inches on the
16th, as the extremes till the 24th, when there was a sharp rise
to 30°10 inches on the 25th, which was followed by as sharp a
fall, which reached its limit on the 29th, when the barometer
indicated 29°00 inches.
With only 5 dry days, the rainfall for the month was above
the average, the amount registered being 5°33 inches—a quantity
very considerably in excess of what was recorded in the preceding
October, when, with 18 dry days, the rainfall was only 2°57
inches.
Owing, no doubt, to the prevalence of westerly winds and
the heavy rainfall, very little frost was registered during the
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER, 133
month. Only on two occasions did frost occur, and the total
amount was but 8°. Therefore the average temperatures are
high, the maximum being 55° and the minimum 43°, compared
with 50° and 36° respectively for the same month of 1905,
when, however, there was a total of 57° of frost.
Until the advent of the sharp frost already noted, there was
an excellent display on autumn blooming plants. The winds
and rains thereafter, not only completed the wreck of bloom
and defoliation of all deciduous trees, excepting those which have
persistent foliage like the oak, but sadly hampered the harvest-
ing of late or belated crops.
November.—During the first week the weather was change-
able, and frequently very disagreeable, with heavy rain at times.
On the 6th, when there was a slight touch of frost, a thick fog
enveloped the city all day, and, as it became very dense in the
evening, much discomfort to pedestrians and inconvenience and
delay to traffic were caused. From the 7th to the forenoon of
the 14th the weather was dry and pleasant—that of the 13th
being splendid. Rain’set in on the 14th, and, with the exception
of three days, occurred every day thereafter during the month,
The latter days of which were very stormy.
The barometric readings show a wide and varied range in
the atmospheric pressure. On the Ist the barometer indicated
29°40 inches. On the following day it was at 29°00 inches.
A steady rise followed, till on the 10th it was up to 30°20
inches, keeping about that point until the 13th, after which
date the pressure declined rapidly to 28°80 inches on the 18th,
and remained about that point for three days. The rise there
after was rapid, and on the 25th the barometer stood at 30°15
inches, from which point there was another sharp decline during
the latter days of the month.
While not so heavy as that of October, the rainfall was above
the average, as 4°17 inches were registered. There were 12 dry
days. In the corresponding month of 1905 there was, with
10 dry days, a rainfall of 3°29 inches.
In regard to the temperature, though the thermometer was
at freezing point (32° Fah.) on four occasions, no frost was
registered. The averages are, therefore, higher than usual, the
maximum being 49° and the minimum 41°. These averages
134 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
are the highest for this month since 1899, when they were
51° and 42° respectively —an abnormally high condition for
November. The respective averages for the month in 1905 were
44° and 35°.
Owing to the excessive rainfall and the consequent sodden
condition of the soil, the working of land and raising of root
crops were much hindered. Pasture lands retained a freshness
which is not frequently seen in November.
December.—Throughout this month the weather was variable.
The early part of the Ist was fine, but rain began late in the
day, and for five days the weather was more or less stormy
and wet, though much of the rain fell in the evenings. After
the 6th it became much colder, with frost in the mornings,
some days being dull, raw, and cold. Another thick fog was
experienced in the afternoon and evening of the 11th, while the
12th was wild and stormy in the morning, and it was a dirty
day, though it became calm and clear at night. An inch of
snow fell on the 13th, after which, for a few days, the weather
was frosty. With a rising barometer, there was a period of
wonderfully mild weather till the 24th, when a change occurred,
and more wild, stormy, wintry weather was experienced, with
snow on the 25th, 26th, 27th, and 30th. A thaw set in on the
evening of the 31st.
Between the lst and 12th the barometric readings show an
erratic range in the atmospheric pressure. From 29°80 inches
it fell, with only one check, to 29°10 inches on the 5th. A very
sharp rise followed, as on the 7th it was up to 30°10 inches.
A sudden drop to 29°50 inches on the 8th followed, and, after
the recovery of three points on the 10th, another sharp fall
occurred, and the lowest reading of the month was 28°90 inches,
on the 12th. A steady rise followed until the 21st, when the
pressure indicated was 30°40 inches. A sharp but steady fall
followed to 29°10 inches on the 27th, when the wild, stormy
weather was experienced. For two days thereafter a rise of five
points occurred, but the pressure was declining as the year
closed.
The rainfall amounted to 3°51 inches, of which a proportion
was melted snow. There were 15 dry days. In December, 1905,
the amount of rainfall was practically the same, it being 3°50
inches, while there were only 10 dry days,
rm
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 135
In regard to the temperature, the thermometer was at or
below freezing point on 16 days, and on the 26th and 30th did
not rise above 30° Fah. The total amount of frost registered
was 102°, the lowest reading being 16° on the 26th. Consequent
on these conditions, the average temperatures are low, the
maximum being 42° and the minimum 33°, compared with 45°
and 39° respectively for December, 1905. .
Owing to long prevalence of fresh, open weather, vegetation
was clean and bright, while in sheltered places honeysuckle and
other precocious plants were starting into growth and Jasminum
nudiflorum blooming. The sharp frosts of this month checked
the precocity of growth, and in places severely blackened soft,
sappy growths, and injured the more tender class of shrubs.
In comparing the records for 1906 with those of the previous
year, several outstanding points may be noted. The rainfall,
39°75 inches, is 10 inches above the rainfall of 1905, which was
an exceptionally dry year, and 2 inches above the average for
the past twelve years. While October, with a rainfall of 5°33
inches, was the wettest month of the year, it was closely followed
by August, with 5°28 inches. January, with 4°74 inches, and
November, with 4°17 inches, must also be considered wet months.
The driest months were April, with only 1°21 inches; September,
with 1°41 inches; and June, with 1°69 inches. Those months
which have less than 2 inches of rainfall must be considered
as dry months in this district. There were 152 days during the
year in which no rainfall was registered. In 1905 the rainfall
was 29°62 inches, and there were 160 dry days. Only on one
occasion during the year was the rainfall for the day over
1 inch, the greatest amount registered for the 24 hours ending
at 9 a.m. on 17th March being 1°08 inches.
The following table of rainfall in the various city parks where
gauges are placed is interesting as showing the variations in the
different localities. Due allowance must always, of course, be
made for the local conditions, as the exposure, altitude, and
surroundings are different in each case :—
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NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 137
With regard to the temperature, it has to be noted that the
monthly averages are again high on the whole, and the mean
temperature for the year is similar to that of the previous year.
There was again an absence of very severe frosts. The ther-
mometer in shade was at or below freezing point (32°) on
73 days, though actual frost was only registered on 57 days
to the extent of 287°, as compared with 226° on 55 days in
1905. The lowest readings for the year were on the 14th
March, when 18° of frost were registered, and on the 16th
December, when 16° were noted. Perhaps the most notable
feature regarding temperature was the absence of frost during
- November, while the month of October with only 8°, and
January with 9°, are somewhat abnormal conditions. The
warmest months were June, July, and August. The average
maximum and minimum temperatures were respectively 65° and
50°, 64° and 50°, and 64° and 53°; while September, with
62° and 47°, followed closely. The hottest days of the year
were, however, in September, when on the 2nd the reading
was 80°, and on the 3rd, 82°, in the shade, the thermometer
being 4 feet above the ground. It must be remembered, how-
ever, that these figures always apply to the preceding 24 hours
at 9 a.m., when the daily readings are noted. The maximum
thermometer in the shade was only at or ‘above 70° on 4 days
in June, 2 days in July, 7 days in August, and 3 days in
September.
In regard to the barometric readings, the range was exactly
2 inches—the highest, 30°50 inches, on the 9th April, and the
lowest, 28°50 inches, on the 10th February—whereas in 1905
the range was 2°40 inches.
In regard to the winds, though none were specially destructive,
there were many gales of ‘some severity. As usual, there was
a preponderance of westerly winds. Excluding the direct north
and south points, the winds from the western direction prevailed
on 278 days, and from the eastern on 80 days. In the previous
year the figures were 284 and 81 respectively.
The following table regarding temperature may be of interest
for comparison :—
138 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
1906. QurEn's Park.
MAXWELL PARK. PARK. Park. PARK.
KELVINGROVE SPRINGBURN ALEXANDRA
THERMOMETER
(in shade, 4 feet above
ground level).
Highest oy ee
of year,
Lowest do. 14° on 14th Mar.| 15° on 26th Dec.|14° on 14th Mar.}13° on 14th Mar.|16° on 14th Mar.
Number of days
on which ther-
mometer fell 73 days
to freezing
point (32°), ...
Number of days
on which ther-
mometer did
not rise above
freezing point
(B27) Foe
2 days
Degrees of Frost
registered —
January, ...| 9°on 4 days
February, ... | 92 » 19 u
March, eee LOOLr Ouear
April, Peale i Oats
May, carp me din geen ont
June,
July,
August,
September, ...
October, ...| 8° on 2 days
November, ...
December, ... |102 1 14 u
Total frost re- x
gistered, ... \ 287° on 57 days
82° on 8rd Sept, |88° on 2nd Sept.|89° on 2nd Sept.|85° on 2nd Sept.|85° on 2nd Sept.
74 days 113 days 86 days SL days
4 days 7 days 3 days 6 days
13°on 4 days} 25°on 7 days} 24°on 8 days} 45° on 13 days
64 » 15 » | 130 n 23 wu | 130 » 24 u 97 » 18 w
dik ag te i 99 » 20 69 nv lo un 54 0» 14
20) Tien 67 16 4 1» 5 AW (een ema sit
Wh see i Wu 400 © Tosnar . 2 20
13° on 4 days| 18° on 3days| 6°on 2days} 5° on 3 days}
a ee: ST 23 1 8 1 at oem day 41 42
114 » 13 4 130 » 18 4 105 » 14 days 63 u 12 wu
292° on 61 days} 504° on 99 days} 360° on 72 days/287° on 73 days'
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 139
BELLAHOUSTON Botanic
Giascow GREEN. Park, ToLicross PARK.| RucHILL PARK. GARDEXS. GEORGE SQuaRE.
90° on 3rd Sept.|86° on 2nd Sept.|89° on 2nd Sept./89° on 3rd Sept.|89° on 2nd Sept./81° on 2nd Sept.
17° on 14th Mar.}14° on 14th Mar.|10° on 14th Mar.|13° on 14th Mar.|18° on 26th Dec.|19° on 14th Mar.
46 days 98 days 59 days
6°on 3days| 20° on 7 days} 24°on 6days} 18°on 5days} 20° on 6 days} 10°on 4 days
BO nv 14 u 0 28 13 87 u 18 u 19 BB ou 14
40 un 14 13 91 « 16 R 11 43 4 9
60 : 8 é 234 6 1 16» 7
2 91 3 3 2 2
1°on 1 day
2?on 2days| 10°on Sdays} 7 » 2days}| 6 on 2 days on 2days| 1l°on 1 day
| Beak wl URGES wo Bea. I dug Ds ae a
48 ett | 120 0.17 vw 15 w | 120 » 15 days n 16 4 47 » 11 ow
140 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
In regard to the general effect on vegetation, the excellent
condition of trees and shrubs, caused by the favourable weather
of the previous season, gave great promise for a glorious display
of bloom in 1906. Though in some measure these hopes were
fulfilled, a considerable amount of disappointment was caused
by the sudden atmospheric changes which so frequently occur
in our climate.
The growth in vegetation, which showed signs of activity as
early as January, was checked by the colder conditions of
February and March. Once, however, the power of the sun
began to be felt, vegetation made rapid headway in the early
part of April, only to receive another check by a sharp frost on
the 19th of that month, which greatly damaged the bloom on
early forms of rhododendrons and other shrubs which happened
to be in flower, while the tender foliage of those trees which
naturally leaf early also suffered severely. Growth was some-
what slower for a time, and the development of shoot and
flower was retarded by the dry and cold weather which pre-
vailed during the latter half of April and part of May. There
was an excellent display of flower on most of the jarger forms
of trees, and the hopes for an excellent crop of fruit were
justified by the glorious bloom on pears, plums, apples, and
cherries. These hopes were, however, rudely dispelled by the
disastrous hailstorm on the 25th May, which not only stripped
off the flowers and embryo fruit from trees, but greatly damaged
the young growths and foliage of many of the larger growing
trees and shrubs. Those species of trees and shrubs which in
their natural course were later in starting into growth, and thus
escaped the damaging storm, made a splendid display, and
verified the prediction of an excellent bloom. The hawthorns,
_laburnums, and other deciduous shrubs were generally well
bloomed, whilst the later rhododendrons gave one of those
periodical displays of flower which cause them to be ranked as
one of the most valuable shrubs for our gardens and wood-
lands.
The pasture lands, which were unusually fresh and bright
in the early months, got somewhat browned in April; and,
while the grass was late in starting into growth, it improved
rapidly in June, and hay crops were much better than anticipated. ~~
Cereals generally also turned out well, though later in being
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 141
harvested. Root crops were in some places irregular, but, on
the whole, up to their average in bulk.
Excepting those species which got damaged after starting into
growth, most trees and shrubs made a satisfactory growth, and,
while not quite so well set with flower-buds as in the two previous
years, there appears to be ample to make a good display in the
coming season.
Subjoined is the abstract of the meteorological record for the
past three years, as kept at Queen’s Park.
- JAS. WHITTON,
Superintendent of Parks.
Crry CHAMBERS,
Guaseow, February, 1907.
142 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
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CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND AT INVERARAY. 143
With the Cryptogamie Society of Scotland at
Inveraray.
By D. A. Boyp.
[Read 28th October, 1907.]
THE thirty-second annual conference of the Cryptogamic Society
of Scotland took place at Inveraray during the third week in
September in very favourable weather. The company in
attendance numbered nineteen, and consisted of nine ladies and
ten gentlemen.
Along with several others, the writer travelled to Inveraray
on Monday, 16th September, by the turbine steamer “ King
Edward.” They reached the hotel early in the afternoon to find
that they were the pioneers of the party, and, after lunch, had a
short ramble up the side of the loch. The Ostrich-Fern
(Struthiopteris germanica, Willd.), the most handsome European
representative of the fern tribe, has been planted in the old
cemetery near the shores of the loch, and is thriving luxuriantly.
In general contour, the barren fronds bear considerable resem-
blance to well-developed fronds of the common male-fern (Lastrea
Filia-mas), but the fertile fronds present so remarkable an
appearance as at once to attract the attention of an observant
passer-by. They are narrow, erect, rigid, of a peculiar purplish-
brown colour, and are produced in a cluster in the centre of the
plant. Some specimens of one of the hardier species of palm had
also been planted in the old cemetery, but seemed to have all died
out, although some other examples of the same or an allied species
have been more successfully grown in the open air in a sheltered
spot a few miles further up the loch side. Several interesting
microfungi were observed in the course of the walk, among
which were Puccinia chrysosplenii, Grev., on Chrysosplenium
oppositifolium ; P. buai, D.C., on Buxus sempervirens ; Phrag-
midium rubi-ider (Pers.) Wint., on Rubus Ideus ; Melampsora
tremule, Tul., on Populus tremula; Ramularia ajuge, Sacc., on
Ajuga reptans ; and R, calcea, Ces., on Nepeta Glechoma,
144 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Next forenoon (Tuesday), the party proceeded up the Dalmally
road, gathering fungi as they went. About three-quarters of a
mile from the hotel, the woods began to prove very productive.
Amongst the larger Hymenomycetes noted were conspicuous
white groups of Pleuwrotus porrigens (Pers.) Fr.; fragrant
clusters of Lentinus cochleatus, Pers., Fr.; and a fine
specimen of Z'remellodon gelatinosum, Pers., obtained by Miss
Bisset, Edinburgh, besides several smaller examples of that
species. Although not unfrequent in the neighbourhood of
Moffat, Dumfries, and other parts of the Solway area, the last-
named species had not previously been recorded for ‘ Clyde.”
As it was found, however, at Killin last year by Mr. Carleton
Rea, B.C.L., M.A., and has also been ascertained to occur in the
neighbourhood of Perth, its range of distribution in Scotland
appears to be fairly wide. Amongst the smaller agarics observed
were Collyhia tuberosa (Bull.) Fr., Mycena pterigena, Fr., and
Claudopus variabilis (Pers.) W.Sm. Fading fronds of Aspleniwm
Trichomanes were dotted with the black perithecia of Spherella
polypodii, Fckl., not previously recorded for the British Isles.
A striking feature in the woods around Inveraray was the
abundance and luxuriance of Armillaria mucida (Schrad.) Fr.,
a beautiful agaric which grew on dead beech trees. Its specific
name is derived from the viscid moisture with which the surface
of the pileus or cap is abundantly supplied. Another white
species, Plewrotus porrigens (Pers.) Fr., occurred commonly on
dead stumps in the woods throughout the district. Full-grown
specimens, when growing erect, bore considerable resemblance to
the white-spathed Cal/a or Egyptian Arum-lily of our gardens
and greenhouses.
An afternoon walk through the woods extending westward
from the Dalmally road proved rather unproductive, and yielded
little else than common species, among which the beautiful
Cortinarius sanguineus, Fr., was perhaps the most notable.
Next morning (Wednesday) an early ramble enabled several
microfungi to be added to the list, including Protomyces pachy-
dermus, Thiim., on Taraxacum officinale ; Pseudopeziza trifolir
(Bern.) Fekl., on Lrifoliwm repens ; and Ps. ranuncult (Wallr.)
Fekl., on Ranunculius repens. After breakfast some time was
devoted to a walk through part of the Castle grounds and woods,
CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTIAND AT INVERARAY. 145
where the luxuriance of the mosses attracted some notice. The
beautiful Hipnum crista-castrensis, Linn., occurred in consider
able quantity, while Hylocomiwm loreum (Linn.) B. & S., and
other common species, gave promise of abundant capsules later
in the season. On some of the trees Neckera pumila, Hedw.,
was observed in fine condition. At 11.30 the party sailed up
the loch from Inveraray Pier to Ardkinglas, having chartered for
their use the little steamer “ Fairy,” which runs between Inveraray
and St. Catherines. This sail occupied about half-an-hour, and
proved one of the most enjoyable items in the day’s programme.
A fine new mansion has lately been erected at Ardkinglas by
the proprietor, Sir Andrew Noble. It is placed amidst delightful
surroundings, about three-quarters of a mile from the village of
Cairndow and parish church of Kilmorich, and commands a
magnificent view of loch and mountain. The neighbouring
woods are extensive, stretching from Cairndow for several miles
towards St. Catherines. There is a little pier directly opposite
the mansion, and another a short distance down the loch. The
party landed at the latter, and at once proceeded into the woods,
which, at first sight, seemed to promise well, but scarcely fulfilled
the expectations formed regarding them. Among the species
observed were Clitocybe metachroa, Fr., C. clavipes (Pers.) Fr.,
Mycena filopes (Bull.) Fr., Jnocybe hystrix, Fr., and J. lanuginosa
(Bull.) Fr. A number of interesting microfungi were obtained
in the neighbourhood of the loch, the most notable of which were
Entyloma Trailii, Mass., on Matricaria inodora ; Synchytrium
aureum, Schroét., on Plantago lanceolata ; Uromyces limonii (D.C.)
Wint., as Uredo on Armeria maritima; and Orbilia marina,
Phil., on decaying fronds of Fucus vesiculosus. In the woods at
Ardkinglas the luxuriance of the mosses was very noticeable,
especially Hypnum crista-castrensis, Linn., which occurred in
unusual abundance.
The annual dinner and business meeting of the Society took
place in the evening, after the return of the party to Inveraray.
On the forenoon of Thursday, 18th September, the Dubh Loch,
at the foot of Glen Shira, was visited, and a considerable number
of interesting species were obtained in the neighbouring woods.
Among the microfungi observed was Entyloma Henningsianum,
Syd., parasitic on Samolus Valerandi, and not previously recorded
for the British Isles,
146 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Besides the species already referred to, mention may be
made of Amanita pantherina (D.C.) Fr., Clitocybe odora (Sow.)
Fr., Entoloma Batschianum, Fr., Inocybe Godeyi, Gill. J.
calamistrata, Fr., Cortinarius (Telamonia) paleaceus, Fr., and
Nematelia nucleata, Fr., also observed in the neighbourhood of
Inveraray.
Owing to the prevailing coldness of temperature during the
period of the formation and development of the mycelium, the
crop of fungi this season has in many places proved disappointingly ~
small, and almost everywhere has been considerably below the
average. So far as the scarcity of Hymenomycetes and other
large forms is concerned, the district around Inveraray has
afforded no exception to the general rule, but parasitic moulds
and other minute forms of fungus life have been fairly well
represented. In spite of somewhat adverse circumstances, the
Cryptogamic Society’s visit to the shores of Loch Fyne has
proved by no means fruitless, and has resulted in the addition
of two species to the British list, and about a dozen to the
catalogue for the Clyde area.
List of Pycenogonida Collected in the Clyde Area.
By Ricwarp Exvmuirst, F.L.S.,
Superintendent of the Millport Marine Station.
[Read 25th February, 1908. ]
In the Fauna and Flora of the Clyde Area (1901—Local
Committee of the British Association) the following list of
Pycnogonida, or Sea-spiders, is given :—
Pycnogonum littorale, Fabr.
Phoxichilidium sp.
Pallene brevirostris, Johnst.
Nymphon gracile, Fabr,
LIST OF PYCNOGONIDA COLLECTED IN THE CLYDE AREA. 147
In the course of my work at Millport I have taken the
following species* :—
PycnoGonuM LITTORALE, Strém.
Common everywhere on the shore, except on bare sand;
occasionally taken in shallow water. The three-legged larval
stage and immature young are taken on the shore in late
summer. I have failed to find this species in Lochs Riddon and
Striven. (A. M. N.)
Enpeis (PHoxicHiLus) sprnosus (Montagu).
Taken occasionally in the dredge and trawl on clean ground,
usually among hydroids ; also recorded by Mr. W. D. Henderson
on Laminaria in 15 fs. off Heads of Ayr (see Ann. Rep. of
Mullport Station, 1904); Dr. W. T. Calman, on Fairlie Sands,
Sept., 1906; and A. M. N.
PHOXICHILIDIUM FEMORATUM ( Rathke).
Common on the stony parts of the shore, also dredged in
shallow water. Sometimes found in company with Pyenogonum
in considerable numbers. A male bearing eggs, taken in March,
is the first case of any abnormality I have found among
Pycnogonida. There are only three pairs of ambulatory legs;
the third segment of the trunk and caudal segment are absent ;
in their place grows a well-developed normal ambulatory leg
directed straight backwards; this leg is connected with the
second segment of the trunk by a process similar to the lateral
processes which normally bear the ambulatory legs. The anus
is situated dorsally near the posterior end of the third coxal
joint of the odd leg. (A. M. N.)
SSS ee eee tS ed
*Since this paper was read, Canon A. M. Norman, F.R.S., has read a
paper on “The Podostomata (= Pyenogonida) of the Temperate Atlantic
and Arctic Oceans,” which was published in the Journal of the Linnean
Society, Vol. XXX., in September, 1908. In that paper he revises the
nomenclature, and records nearly the same species from the Clyde. I
have put in the revised names, leaving the older in brackets, and Canon
Norman’s initials (A.M.N.) to each species that he has recorded.
Cc
148 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Anapuia (ANOPLODACTYLUS) PETIOLATA (Kroyer).
Dredged a few times in fairly deep water off the Cumbraes.
(A. M. N.)
AnapHtA (ANOPLODACTYLUS) PYama@A, Hodge.
Fairly common on the shore, occasionally in company with
Pycnogonum and Phozxichilidium. Referring to this species,
Prof. Carpenter writes :—“ This form is also widespread on our
coasts. It is doubtfully distinct from the preceding (A. petiolatus
(Kréyer)), but I have not followed Sars and others in uniting
the two, as adults can be readily distinguished which show the
shortened form of trunk and neck characterizing the animal
as described by Hodge.” * This form is evidently the same as
Phoxichilidium longicolle, Dohrn; Sars and A. M. N. include
both under 4. petiolata (Kroyer).
I am indebted to Mr. T. V. Hodgson for help in the
identification of this species.
PALLENE BREVIROSTRIS, Johnston.
Occasionally on the shore, and down to about 10 fs.
(A. M. N.).
PALLENE PRODUCTA, G. O. Sars.
A. M. N. Several specimens which I recorded as “ brev-
rostris?” are no doubt this species.
NympnHon rusruM, Hodge.
Taken once on the shore, and once in 15 fs. off Keppel Pier.
(A. M. N.)
NYMPHON GRACILE, Leach (as described by Sars in the Norwegian
North Atlantic Expedition, 1876-1878 : Pyenogonidea, 1891).
Taken once on the shore, and occasionally in shallow water.
A. M. N. records this form, 2.e., Nymphon gracile, Sars Le.
(exclusive of all synonyms), as WV. brevirostre, Hodge.
* Fisheries, Ireland, Sct. Invest., 1904, IV. (1905), p. 6,
;
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SCLEROTINIA BACCARUM, REHM, AND ITS ALLIES. 149
AMMOTHEA L&vVIS (Hodge).
Occurs frequently near the Station on the shore. Varies
considerably in colour, from pale yellowish shade to dark brown ;
others have claws nearly as in A. echinata (Hodge). In August
I got four immature specimens showing the chele well developed
(they disappear later) and the beginning of the ovigerous legs
as stumps.
AMMOTHEA ECHINATA (Hodge).*
A. Mi. By.
Further search, by the use of townets attached to trawl or
dredge, should bring to light other species and increase our
knowledge of the distribution of the above species in the Clyde.
The method has proved very successful elsewhere.
Sclerotinia baccarum, Rehm, and its Allies.
By D. A. Boyp.
[Read 27th May, 1908.]
In various parts of Scotland, bushes of Blaeberry (Vacciniwm
Myrtillus) have been observed to produce in some seasons a
considerable proportion of abortive fruits. These usually become
stunted in growth, somewhat dry in substance, and whitish
in external appearance. So far as Britain is concerned, atten-
tion to these abortive berries seems first to have been directed
more than twenty years ago by Professor James W. H. Trail,
M.D., F.LS8., Aberdeen University, one of our Society’s
Corresponding Members; who recognised them to be due to the
agency of Sclerotinia baccarum, Rehm, one of the Discomycetes.
In his “ Revision of Scotch Discomycetes,”} he states that this
fungus grows from a sclerotium produced in berries of VJ.
Myrtillus, which it fills up and converts into a white mass ; and
that these sclerotia have been found by him in autumn within
*T have recently taken this species in a few fathoms near Keppel Pier,
+ Scottish Naturalist (New Series) iv. 136,
150 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
the Areas of “Tay” and “ Dee,” and are not rare up to 1,00
feet; but that he is not aware of the apothecia having been
detected in Britain. In Massee’s British Fungus Flora, iv. 499,
published in 1895, reference is made to Professor Trail’s discovery
of berries containing sclerotia, and it is stated that mature
ascophores have not yet been recorded for this country. Abortive
fruits of V. Myrtillus, exactly similar to those described by
Professor Trail and Mr. Massee, appear to be not uncommon in
the West of Scotland, and I have frequently observed them in
the more hilly portions of the Ayrshire parishes of West
Kilbride, Largs, Dalry, and Kilbirnie, where the blaeberry
abounds. As producing “sclerotium in berries of Vacciniwm
Myrtillus,” this species is recorded for West Kilbride in the List
of the Microfungi of the Clyde Area, prepared by me in connec-
tion with the visit of the British Association to Glasgow in 1901.*
In its early or conidial form, S. baccarwm is said to attack the
young living branches of V. Myrétwlus, and to be found on the
concave side of curved shoots, where it appears as a white bloom
or mould consisting of simple or branched chains of hyaline
subglobose conidia, which much resemble those of Oidiwm or
Monilia, two genera cf Hyphomycetes. The mycelium finally
affects the young berries, and forms within them “sclerotia,” or
densely compacted masses of hyphe. The abortive fruits may
be readily recognised by their peculiar appearance and colour,
already referred tc. After these have dropped to the ground,
and undergone a period of rest, the smooth brown stipitate
ascophores are developed from the sclerotia. It is said that as a
rule only four of the eight spores contained in each ascus become
fully developed, and the other four remain much smaller in size.
For description and measurements of the ascophores, asci, spores,
&e., reference may be made to Massee’s British Fungus Flora,
already cited, and to his Z'eat-book of Plant Diseases caused by
Cryptogamic Parasites (1899), 381.
At the Society’s Excursion to Campsie Glen, Stirlingshire, on
9th instant, I was so fortunate as to discover several fully-
developed specimens of the ascophores of S. baccarwm. They
* Handbook on the Natural History of Glusgow and the West of
Scotland (1901), 67.
SCLEROTINIA BACCARUM, REHM, AND ITS ALLIES. 151
were attached to sclerotia in mummied berries of V. Myrtillus,
and grew amongst a deposit of fallen leaves of that shrub, on a
little rocky ledge beside one of the tributaries of the Glazert Water.
Examples of the sclerotia and fungi were carefully preserved,
and have been deposited in the British Herbarium at the Natural
History Museum at South Kensington.
The life history of several species of Sclerotinia presents
features of considerable interest. In the more highly-developed
forms, a conidial or “ white-mould” stage has been traced, which
closely corresponds to Botrytis, Oidiwm, Monilia, or other allied
genera of Mucedinee among the Hyphomycetes. After a period
of activity, the mycelium forms those densely compacted masses
known as ‘‘sclerotia,” which are characteristic of the genus
under notice. These were formerly regarded, and have been
described, as independent fungi, and several of them (especially
Sclerotiwm durum, Pers.) are very common on dead herb-stems or
amongst decaying vegetable matter. They are generally black or
dark-brown externally, white internally, and of a hard or horny
substance. In this resting condition, the mycelium is able to
withstand severe frost and other atmospheric conditions which
might otherwise prove destructive to it. After a period of
quiescence, one or more ascophores are produced from the
sclerotium. In some species, however the ascigerous condition,
and in others the conidial state, are as yet the sole forms which
have been recognised.
The following is a list of the species which have been recorded
for Britain, and are described by Mr. Massee in his two works
already mentioned. Those which have been ascertained to oceur
within the Clyde Area are denoted by an asterisk.
I. ConIDIAL AND ASCIGEROUS FORMS KNOWN.
*S. baccarum, Rehm.—See preceding remarks.
S. bulborwm, Rehm.—Conidia of the type of Botrytis. Ascophores
spring from an irregular sclerotium on bulbs of Hyacinthus,
Scilla, Crocus, and Alliwm.
S. Durveana (Tul.) Quel.—Conidia = Epidochium arabicus, Desm.;
Sphacelia ambiens, Sacc. Ascophores grow from a small
black elongated sclerotium in culms of Carex arenaria and
C. stricta.
152 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGGW.
II. AscigkRoUS FORM ONLY KNOWN.
*S. tuberosa (Hedw.) Fekl.—In woods. Ascophore springs from
an externally black sclerotium attached to rhizome of
Anemone nemorosa.
S. trifoliorwm, Eriksson.—Ascophore springs from a small black
sclerotium on dead leaves and roots of cultivated clover and
other allied leguminous plants.
*S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) Massee.—Ascophore springs from a black
sclerotium formed in stems of potato, cabbage, beet, and
other plants.
S. Candolleana (Lév.) Fckl.—Ascophore grows from a small black
sclerotium on fallen leaves of chestnut and oak.
S. filypes (Phil.) Sace.—Ascophore developed from a wrinkled,
black, nearly globose sclerotium amongst vegetable frag-
ments in a damp situation.
*S. Curreyana (Berk.) Karst.—Ascophore grows from Sclerotiwm
roseum, Kneiff, in dead culms of Juncus communis.
ITI. Conrp1aL FORM ONLY KNOWN.
S. fructigena, Rehm.—Conidia (Monilia fructigena, Pers.) are
developed on the fruit and leaves of apples and pears; and
thick. black, wrinkled sclerotia are produced in the fruit.
S. Douglassi, Massee.—Conidia (Botrytis Douglassi, Tubeuf) and
minute black sclerotia are produced on living twigs and
youngest internodes of seedling Abies Douglasvi and Sequova
gigantea. ;
S. galanthina, Ludwig.—Conidia (Botrytis galanthina, Berk.) are
developed on bulbs and leaves, and minute black sclerotia
are produced in decaying leaves and outer bulb-scales, of
Galanthus nivalis.
S. poonie, Massee.~Conidia (Botrytis poeoniew, Oud.) are
developed on the stems, and minute black sclerotia are
produced in the tissues, of living pzeonies.
S. parasitica, Massee.—Conidia (Botrytis parasitica, Cavara) are
developed on leaves, stems, and flowers, and sclerotia are
produced in the parenchyma of the bulbs, of cultivated
tulips.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY PHORID&. 153
The following have been found on species of Vacciniwm on the
continent. They have not yet been observed in Britain, but may
possibly occur in Scotland. In each case, conidia of the type of
Oidiwm are produced on the host-plant; while sclerotia are
formed in the berries, and the ascophores appear in spring.
S. wrnula, Rehm.—Conidia developed on the surface of dark-
brown blotches or spots on leaves and young stems of
Vaccinium Vitis-[dea.
S. oxycocci, Wor.—Conidia on the leaves and young branchlets
of V. Oxycoccos.
S. megalospora, Wor.—Conidia on the nerve of the under-side of
leaves of V. uliginoswm.
Some Observations on the Dipterous Family Phoride.
By J. R. MAttocu.
[Read 27th January, 1908.]
The Phoride have been much neglected by dipterists until
quite recently, possibly owing to the small size and minute
distinctions of the species. The recent monograph by Becker on
the group gave an impetus to the study of these insects, and at
present Dr. J. H. Wood, of Hereford, is engaged in working out
the numerous British species. In the last published list of
British Diptera 40 species are given, one of which, Phora florea, F.,
is a synonym of P. abdominalis, Fln., and several others are
included.as doubtful. At present I have 52 species taken in this
locality (Bonhill). These include three species, viz., P. cubitalis,
Beck., P. costalis, von Ros, and P. sordida, Ztt., which I recorded
for the first time as British in the Lntomologist’s Monthly Magazine,
and a large number of species that are still undescribed. One
species, P. pubericornis, I took here in October, 1907, and
described in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for January,
1908.
154 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
To prevent the following notes being of an uninteresting and
formal nature, I purpose to give them as nearly as possible in
accordance with the time of the insect’s appearance, and not with
the order of its sequence in the list of species.
The insects are to be found during the whole year, and in
almost all situations, but in this as in other genera, some species
have their particular habits. Where any particular species is
found, in general it occurs commonly. The food of the species is
very varied. and though the great majority of the species are
unknown in the larva stage, from those that are known it may be
inferred that they mostly feed upon carrion, putrid matter, fungi,
snails (P. maculata), &e., while one or two are met with in the
nests of ants and bees.
Early in the year a search in rotten fir stumps, especially
where the coleopteron Rhagiuwm bifasciatum has burrowed, pro-
duces several small species, one of which, P. inequalis, Wood, is
very common. It is allied to but quite distinct from ?. minor,
Ztt. Several times I have found quite a large number in a small
tree stump. Later in the spring they may be found almost
everywhere, so that I believe they merely hibernate in the trees.
Phora spinicincta, Collin, may be beaten out of furze early in
the year, along with P. albicolella, Wood. One of the best species
that occur in April is P. opaca, Mg., which I have taken not
uncommonly at Murroch Glen. I have always swept it off grass
or furze. Along with it occurs the very similar P. lugubris,
Mg. This species cccurs till late in June, and is almost every-
where met with, but is most common in old pastures. May
brings with it a large number of species, which may be met with
in various situations. Phora projecta, Beck., occurs on the hill-
side ; and at weasel-traps, on the carrion used as bait, may be
found P. curvinervis, Beck., and P. abdominalis, Flin. The
former of these two species is most abundant, and I am quite
sure I must have seen several hundreds of it in these traps
P. abdominalis is one of our most beautiful species, with its
bright orange-red abdomen in the female, and is much scarcer.
I have found both these species in an undeveloped or immature
condition in the traps, which seems to point to the fact that they
had fed as larve on the carrion of the previous year. The
common P. inequalis, Wood, is also frequent in the traps. One
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DIPTEROUS FAMILY PHORID®. 155
of the scarcest of our species, P. femoratus Mg.. is also an early
one, but is generally a chance capture. Of the flower-frequenting
species which appear in May, and for the most part continue
till June or later, the following may be noted as common :—
Conicera atra, Mg., C. similis, Hal., Trineura aterrima, F.,
7. velutina, Mg., Phora concinna, Mg., P. equalis, Wood, P.
campestris, Wood, P. parva, Wood, P. decreta, Wood, P. fusci-
nervis, Wood, and P. unispinosa, Ztt. Phora nudipalpis, Beck.,
is not uncommon also, and Metopina galeata, Hal., is to be met
with, where it is possible to see such a tiny mite, in fair numbers.
One of our rarest species in the second group is Phora Mallochi,
Wood. So far I have only obtained five specimens, one having
been taken in September and the others late in April and May.
P. glabrifrons, Wood, is also a rare species which occurs about the
same time.
During the summer, most of the species may be met with by
sweeping ; and common amongst them will be found P. rufipes,
Mg., P. rufa, Wood, P. lutea, Mg., P. crassicornis, Mg., P. Beckeri,
Wood, P. rata, Wood, P. fusca, Wood, P. humilis, Wood, P. pleur-
alis, Wood, and several others still unnamed. Z'rinewra Shineri,
Beck., is to be found on the hills early in summer. Phora urbana,
Mg., I have met with also in early summer, but rarely, while P.
Jennica, Beck., I have only seen twice.
As the summer advances, some of the earlier species begin to dis-
appear, but their places are taken by others, including Gymno-
* phora arcuata, Mg., which is common among ferns and under-
growth ; Phora thoracica, Mg., which I have taken abundantly at
rest on trunks of beech trees in July ; P. cubditalis, Beck., which
occurs on poplar in fair numbers here ;and P. wmbrimargo, Beck.,
a fairly common species.
Early autumn produces Phora citreiformis, Beck., and P.
vitripennis, Mg., both of which may be taken on umbelliferous
plants, P. carinifrons, Ztt., is now also most abundant.
As the season advances, fungi produce the following ; P. sordida,
Ztt., P. flava, Fln., P. pubericornis, Mich., and a large number of
smaller fry. Phora pusilla, Mg., is one of the smaller species
which occur about this time, as is also P. costalis, von Ros ; while
P. brevicostalis, Wood, may be met with occasionally during
autumn, along with P. conformis. Wood. One of the last species
156 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
to occur is P. sublugubris, Wood, which is very scarce.
A large number of those late species hibernate and appear
the next spring. The hibernation quarters are generally thick
furze branches. clumps of grass or ferns, under bark, &e., or in old
nests. I have seen numbers of P. rufipes under the packing on
bee-hives during winter. Though the list of local species is now
fairly large, I have a good many that I do not include in it, as
they have not been worked out yet ; but I know, from what I can
ascertain from my material at hand, that we must have almost as
many more species as there are included in this list.
The Diptera of Clyde (Tuirp List).
By R. HeEnpDERsOoN.
[Read 26th May, 1908.]
An * distinguishes the species not recorded in Mr. P. H.
Grimshaw’s list (Fauna and Flora, dc., of Clyde, 1901), and the
species so distinguished in my former lists are marked **
where additional records are now given.
Classification and nomenclature.—Verrall: List of British
Diptera, 1901, with a few exceptions.
Abbreviations.—These are as before, with the following
additions :—
Frankfield = Frankfield Farm and Frankfield Loch ;
Mt. Stuart = Mount Stuart Estate, Bute, and the adjoining shore;
Kilchattan Bay = The Black Park, Suidhe Hill and Wood, and
the ground about the Reservoirs ;
South Bute =Glen Callum Bay and St. Blane’s, Dunagoil Bay,
and the marshy tract lying to the south of the Kilchattan Golf
Course.
Fam. LIMNOBIDz.
** Anisomera cequalis, Lw.,- - About a score of specimens of
both sexes taken Glen
Massan, 16th June, 1906
(A. R., J.J. FX. K., and
R. 1.).
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 157
Fam. TABANIDZ.
Hematopoia crassicornis, Whibg., June— July. Glen Finart ;
’ Northfield Moor, Alexandria.
*Therioplectes montanus, Mg., - June. Glen Massan.
*T. luridus, Fin., — - - - July. South Bute.
*T. tropicus, Mg.—
var. bisignatus, Jaen., - July. South Bute.
*T’. solstitialis, Mg., - : - June—July. South Bute;
Whiting Bay (D. E. M‘P.);
Lock Eck; Puck’s Glen,
Kilmun; Taynuilt and
Goatfell, Arran (E. E.
Austen in British Blood-
Sucking Flies, page 43).
Fam. LEptTiIp®.
** Spania nigra, Mg.. . - One ¢, 10th July, 1907,
South Bute.
Fam. BomByLip2&.
*Phthiria pulicaria, Mik..,- - June. Gailes (J. J. F. X. K.).
Fam. EmMpip2.
* Rhamphomyia filata, Ztt., - June. Frankfield.
*R. costata, Ztt., - - - June. Inch Tavannach; Hawk-
head Est.
*R. fascipennis, Ztt., - - July. Kilchattan Bay.
** RP. tenuirostris, Fin., — - - July—Sept. Glen Massan ;
Helensburgh Moor; Stepps
Wood; Gailes; West Kil-
bride; Row ; Frankfield.
Ze culicina, Bln > a - - August. Murroch Glen; Gorge
of Avon; Clober Dam,
Milngavie.
*R. giboa, Fin., . - - August. Frankfield.
R. umbripennis, Mg., - - June — July. Inverkip ;
Erskine; Glen Massan;
Blairmore.
158 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Lmpis vernalis, Mg.,- -
*E. albinervis, Mg., - - :
*K. hyalipennis, Fln., - -
*Hilara quadrivittatu, Mg.,
*H. Beckeri, Strobl., - -
*H. chorica, Fln., -
*Trichina clavipes, Mg., - -
** Heleodromia stagnalis, Hal., -
** Ardoptera irrorata, Fln., -
*A. guttata, Hal., - - -
*Lepidomyia melanocephala, F.,
*Tachista arrogans, L., — - -
*T. connexa, Mg., - - E
T. annulimana, Mg..,- -
*Chersodromia hirta, W1k.. :
*Tachydromia pectoralis, Fln., -
*T. annulata, Fln., - - -
June. Frankfield.
Sept, Craigallion Loch.
August. Murroch Glen.
June. Hawkhead Est.
June—August. Mkld. Canal ;
Frankfield. A smaller and
darker species than the
preceding one; the median
thoracic stripes are further
apart, the acrostical bristles
being in four rows.
July — August. Blairmore ;
Glen Massan; South Bute ;
Mount Stuart; Frankfield.
July—August. Mount Stuart;
Com. at Frankfield.
August. Cardross.
July. Mount Stuart.
Sept. Murroch Glen.
July. South Bute; Mount
Stuart.
August—September. Gorge of
Avon ; Stepps Wood.
July. Mount Stuart.
June—August. Glen Massan ;
Frankfield ;
Blairmore.
June. Gailes.
July. Mount Stuart.
June—July. Erskine; Possil
M.; Frankfield ; Mt. Stuart.
Ardentinny ;
Fam. DoLicHoPpoDpID®.
*Pecilobothrus ducalis, Lw., -
* Hercostomus atrovirens, Lw., -
** Hypophyllus obscurelius, Fln.,
Macherium maritime, Hal.,
Xiphandrium appendiculatum, Ztt.,J une.
*X. brevicorne, Curt., - -
July. Mount Stuart.
July. South Bute.
July. Mount Stuart.
August. Cardross.
Erskine.
August. Cardross.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 159
*Syntormon monilis, W1k., -
Medeterus apicalis, Ztt., - -
**Campsicnemus loripes, Hal., -
** Aphrosylus celtiber, Hal., -
*A. ferow, Hal., - = :
July. South Bute.
July. South Bute.
August. Frankfield.
July. South Bute.
July—Augt. Cardross ; South
Bute.
Fam. PIPUNCULID.
**Chalarus spurius, Fn., - -
** Pipunculus confusus, Verr., -
**P. sylvaticus, Mg., - -
July. South Bute; Mount
Stuart.
July. Mount Stuart.
July. Mount Stuart.
Fam. SYRPHID2.
*Pypizella maculipennis, Mg.,
P. flawiiarsis, Mg., - - :
**Chrysogaster splendens, Mg., -
**Chilosia grossa, Fin., - -
* Platychirus podagratus, Ztt., -
* Didea alneti, Fln., -
** Syrphus guttatus, Fln., - -
*Brachyopa bicolor, Fin, - é
June. Glen Massan.
June. Glen Massan.
June—July. South Bute.
One @, 14th April, 1906,
Kilchattan Bay.
June. Lochend Loch.
One 92, 15th June, 1907.
Inch Connachan (A.R.). |
July. Mount Stuart.
June. Erskine.
Fam. TAcHINID&.
*Ceromasia spectabilis, Mg., — -
* Anthracomyia melanoptera, Fin.,
* Melanophora atra, Mcq., - :
*Somolia aenea, Mg.—
rebaptizata, Rnd., — - :
July — August. Possil M. ;
Mkld. Canal ;
July — August. Cardross ;
Com. Mount Stuart.
July. South Bute.
June. Inch Connachan.
Fam. Muscip2.
**Cyrtoneura pabulorum, Fln., -
March. Mount Stuart.
160 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Tram, ANTHOMYID&.
Polietes hirticrura, Mde.,
P. albolineata, Fln., -
Hyetodesia lucorum, Fin., -
H. marmorata, Ztt., -
*H. serva, Mg.,-
*H. dispar, Fln.,
H. obscurata, Mg.,
H. variabilis, Fin., -
H. umbratica, Mg, -
H. semicinerea, W., -
H. errans, Mg., -
H. signata, Mg., -
*H, erratica, Fln., -
H. basalis, Ztt.,
*H. rufipalpis Mcq., -
H, scutellaris, Fin., -
*H. variegata, Mg., -
*H. pallida, F., :
* Allwostylus simplex, W..
*A, flaveola, Fln.,
* Mydea vespertina, F|n.,
July. Benmore Est., Kilmun.
Gen. dist.
Gen, dist.
July. Glen Massan.
May—June. Milngavie ; Mur-
roch Glen; Erskine.
May. Milngavie.
Gen. dist.
July—Sept. Kilchattan Bay ;
Bishop Loch.
May — June. Loch Libo;
Murroch Glen; Hawkhead
Est. ; Glen Massan.
June—Aug. Blairmore ; Holy
Loch; Frankfield; South
Bute ; Stepps Wood; Glen
Massan.
Gen. dist.
Sept. Arden, L. Lomond.
July. South Bute.
Gen. dist.
July—Aug. Monkd. Cl. ;
Crookston ; Possil M.
June—Sept. Erskine ; Helens-
burgh Moor; Gorge of
Avon: Arden, L. Lomond.
May—Sept. Erskine and
South Bar ; Stepps Wood.
June—Aug. Strone; Row-
ardennan.
Aug.—Sept. Stepps Wood ;
West Ferry Wood, Lang-
bank.
July—Sept. Mount Stuart ;
Gorge of Avon; West
Ferry Wood, Langbank.
May. Gorge of Avon,
2! A a ee i se ag es
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 161
M. urbana, Mg.,— - - - July—Sept. Dumgoyne; Mill
Pln., Cadder; Possil M. ;
Holy Loch; Blairmore.
*W. separata, Mg., - - - June. Erskine.
*Sprlogaster duplicata, Mg., - May—Sept. Gen. dist.
S. communis, Dsv., - - - July—Aug. Troon; Crook-
ston; Cambuslang; Loch
Eck.
*S. quadrum, F., —- - . - June — Aug. Ardentinny ;
Troon; Mount Stuart;
Finnich Glen; Loch Eck ;
Gailes ; Strone.
*S. tetrastigma, Mg., - - July. Luss Glen.
*8. protuberans, Ztt., - - June. Gailes; Troon.
*S. consimilis, Fln., - - July. Blairmore.
Limnophora solitaria, Ztt., - May — July. Sandbank ;
Strone.
* Vacrorchis meditata, Fn., - June. Troon.
Hydrotea ciliata, F., - - May—June. Gorge of Avon;
Cadd. Wild.; Bardrane
; Glen, Johnstone ; Erskine.
H. occulta, Mg., : - - June — Aug. Cambuslang ;
Gailes.
H. warritans, Fin., —- - - Gen. dist.
H. dentipes, F..8@ = - - - Gen. dist.
*H. similis, Mde.,_ - : July—Aug. Troon; Mount
Stuart.
*H. militaris, Mg.—
impexa, Lw., - - - Gen. dist.
H. albipuncta, Ztt.—
Jasciculata, Mde., - - July—Aug. Stepps Wood ;
South Bute.
Drymyia hamata, Fin., - - Com. and gen. dist.
Trichopticus cunctans, Mg., - July—Sept. Kilchattan Bay ;
Stepps Wood.
*T. semipellucidus, Ztt., - - Augt. Gorge of Avon.
T. hirsutulus, Ztt., - - - July. Blairmore. ;
*T’. pulcher, Mde., - - - July — Aug. Glen Massan ;
Frankfield.
162
*Hydrophoria ambigua, Fln.,
*H. caudata, Ztt., - -
H. conica, W., - = 5
*H. anthomyiea, Rnd., — -
Hylemyia lasciva, Ztt., — -
*H. seticrura, Ztt., - 4
H. nigrimana, Mg., - :
*H. coarctata, Fln., -
Anthomyia radicum, L., -
*A, sulciventris, Ztt.,- -
*Chortophila arenosa, Ztt.,
*C. cinerella, Fln.,
*(’. trapexina, Ztt., - -
*C. sepia, Mg., - - -
*C. Billbergi, Ztt., - -
Phorbia floccosa, Meq., — -
*P. transversalis, Ztt., — -
*P. muscaria, Mg., - -
*Pegomyia bete, Curt., — -
*P. setaria, Mg., : =
*P. hemorrhoum, Ztt., -
*P. latitarsis, Ztt., - -
P. bicolor, W. - - -
*P. nigritarsis, Ztt., - -
*P. ephippium, Ztt., - -
*P. flavipes, Fln., -
*Ohirosia albitarsis, Ztt., -
* Tomalomyia hamata, Mcq.,
*H. fuscula, Fln., - -
*H. pallitibia, Rnd., - -
*H, canicularis, L., -
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Aug. —Sept. Stepps Wood ;
Frankfield.
June. Hawkhead Est.
Com. and gen. dist.
July — Aug. Cambuslang ;
Holy Loch.
June. Erskine; Murroch
Glen.
July. Glen Massan.
Gen. dist.
June—Aug. Troon; Cambus-
lang.
Gen. dist.
Gen. dist.
Aug. Gailes.
Aug. Gailes.
July. Frankfield.
May. Possil M.°
May. Craigton Wd., Miln-
gavie.
Gen. dist.
April. Kilchattan Bay.
Mount Stuart.
June. Cambuslang.
May—July. Frankfield ; Mill
Pin., Cadder.
May. Cambuslang.
July. Loch Eek.
Com. and gen. dist.
Mar.—Apr.
Gen. dist.
July. Mt. Stuart.
July. Holy Loch.
July. South Bute.
June. Troon.
July. Glen Massan.
Sept. West Ferry Wood,
Langbank.
Com. and gen. dist.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 163
Hi. aérea, Zitt., - - - - June—July. Glen Massan ;
Hawkhead Est. ; Mt. Stuart;
Frankfield. |
*H. sociella, Ztt., = - - - June—July. South Bute;
Glen Massan; Northfield
Moor, Alexandria.
H. serena, Fin., - . - Com. and gen. dist.
*H. incisurata, Ztt. - - - May— October. Frankfield ;
Hawkhead Est.
*H. genualis, Stein., - - - Augt. Frankfield.
Azelia Macquarti, Stieg., - - Gen. dist.
A. Zetterstediu, Rnd., - - Augt. Stepps Wood.
A. cilipes, Hal., - - - Gen. dist.
A. gibbera, Mg., - - - Augt. Frankfield.
*Calomyia mollissima, Hal. - May — June. Cambuslang ;
Waulkmill Gl.; Gorge of
Avon; Lochend Loch; Stepps
Wad.
*Caricea tigrina, F., - - - Gen. dist.
*C. exui, Ztt.—
Spilogaster protuberans, Ztt., q.v.
*C. intermedia, Fln., - - June—Augt. Gorge of Avon;
Kilchattan Bay ; Northfield ;
Moor, Alexandria.
'*C. means, Mg., - - - June—July. Holy Loch;
Northfield Moor, Alexandria;
Blairmore; Kilchattan Bay.
Cenosia sexnotata, Mg., - - July—Augt. Mount Stuart ;
Frankfield ; South Bute.
*C. geniculata, Fin., - - - July. South Bute.
*Pucellia fucorum, Fln., - - March—August. South Bute ;
Mount Stuart; Dunure;
Cardross.
*F. maritima, Hal., - - June—August. South Bute;
Gailes ; Mount Stuart.
Fam. CorDYLURIDZ.
*Cordylura pudica, Mg., - - July—Sept. Dundonald Glen ;
: Possil M.
164 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Paralleloma albipes, Fln., -
*Amaurosoma fasciata, Mg.,
A, tibiella, Ztt., 2
*A. brevifrons Ztt., - :
Norellia spinimana, Fln., -
*N. liturata, Mg., - -
*N. flavicornis, Mg.—
spinigera, Ztt., -
Spathiophora hudromyzina, Fin.
Scatophaga maculipes, Ztt.,
*S. ordinata, Beck, - -
S. lutaria, F., - : -
S. squalida, Mg.,
S. litorea, Fln., -
* 5. villipes, Ltt., é 4
?
*Ceratinostoma ostiorum, Hal., -
Clidogastra nigrita, Fin.. -
Gumnomera tarsea, Fln., -
June—Aug.
June—Aug. Troon; Bowling ;
Bardrane Glen ; Hawkhead
Est.
May — June. Cambuslang ;
Gorge of Avon.
Glen Massan,
May—June. Gorge of Avon ;
not uncom. at Cambuslang.
Troon; Dun-
donald Glen; Erskine;
Mount Stuart; Possil M.
June.
(J.E.M.).
June. Erskine.
June. Glen Massan; Castle-
Milk, Rutherglen.
Aug. Monkd. Cl.
May — June. Cambuslang ;
Erskine ; Possil M.
May —July. Glen Massan ;
Glen Finart ; Cambuslang.
Com. and gen. dist.
Gen. dist.
March—Sept. South Bute;
Dundonald Glen ; Kilchattan
Bay ; Cardross ; Dunure.
April. Dunure; Kailchattan
Bay.
April — July. Holy Loch;
Ardmore Point ; Blairmore ;
Kilchattan Bay ; Bowling.
May—June. Sandbank ; Inch
Tavannach.
June. Frankfield ; Northfield
Moor, Alexandria.
Fam. PHycoDROMIDE.
*Orygma luctwosum, Mg.,
March— April.
chattan Bay.
Dunure ; Kil-
ARO Tn —————
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 165
*Celopa pilipes, Hal., - - June—Augt. Cardross; Gailes;
Troon.
*Fucomyia frigida, Fin., - - April. Dunure.
Fam. HrELomyzip&.
* Helomyza rufa, Fin., - - June — July. Mill = Pin,
Cadder ; Mount Stuart.
*H. similis, Mg. - - - Augt.—Sept. Finnich Glen ;
Gorge of Avon.
H. levifrons, Lw., - - - July —Sept. Luss Glen;
Woodend Loch; Glen
Massan ; Craigallion Loch ;
Blairmore ; Frankfield.
*H, Zetterstedtii, Lw., - - July—Sept. Glen Massan ;
Gorge of Avon; West Kil-
bride.
*H. flavifrons, Ztt., - - - June. Inch Connachan.
* Allophyla atricornis, Mg., - June—July. Inverkip ; Mount
Stuart.
*(cothea fenestralis, Fln., - June. Monkd. Cl.
* Eecoptomera longiseta, Mg., - July. Mount Stuart.
* Blepharoptera inscripta, Mg., - May—July. Glen Massan ;
Gorge of Avon; Monkd. Cl.
B. serrata, L., - - - - Marech—July. Murroch Glen ;
Dennistoun (indoors); Frank-
field ; Mount Stuart.
*B, modesta, Mg.,_ - : - April.
* Heteromyza commixta, Coll, - July—Oct. Erskine; Blair-
more.
*Tephrochlamys canescens, Mg.—
rufiventris, Mg., - - July—Sept. Gorge of Avon;
South Bute.
*T. flavipes, Ztt., — - - - Oct. Garscube Est.
Fam. SciomyziIp&.
*Actora estuum, Mg., - - Augt. Gailes.
*Edoparea buccata, Fln., - - July—Augt. Mount Stuart ;
South Bute ; Cardross,
166 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Dryomyza flaveola, ¥.,
D. decrepita, Ztt., — -
Newroctena anilis, Fn.,
*Sciomyza cinerella, Fln., -
*S. pallidiventris, Fln.,
S. albocostata, Fln., -
Pheomyia fuscipennis, Mg..
Tetanocera elata, ¥.,
T. levifrons, Lw., -
T. sylvatica, Mg.,
*7T. unicolor, Lw., -
T. ferruginea, Fin.—
robusta, Lw., -
T. coryleti, Scop.,
T. umbrarum, L., -
*7’. punctulata, Scop.,
LTimnia unguicornis, Scop.,
*T. oblitera, F., -
Elgiva albiseta, Scop.,
£. dorsalis, F., - -
*#. lineata, Fln.,
*#. cucularia, L., -
Psila fimetaria, L., -
P. rufa,Mg., - -
P. pallida, Fln., -
Gen. dist.
Gen. dist.
Gen. dist.
July. Mt. Stuart.
July. Mt. Stuart.
Augt. Gorge of Avon.
June—July. Glen Massan ;
South Bute; Blairmore.
Gen. dist.
Gen, dist.
Gen. dist.
June—July. Murroch Glen ;
Frankfield ; Possil M.; Kil-
chattan Bay.
Gen. dist.
June—July. Possil M.; Holy
Loch; Mill Pln., Cadder ;
Cambuslang ; Glen Massan.
July. Glen Massan.
June—July. Troon.
July. Mount Stuart.
July. Kilchattan Bay.
June — August. Frankfield ;
Glen Massan; Murroch Glen;
Monkd. Cl.
June — August. Bowling ;
Frankfield; Possil M.:
Langbank.
July—Sept. Glen Massan ;
Bishop Loch; South Bute ;
Holy Loch.
April. Stepps Wood.
. PsILip@.
Gen. dist.
June. Hawkhead Est.
July. Cambuslang.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 167
amon, WS - - - Augt. Dennistoun (indoors) ;
Frankfield.
*P. nigricornis, Mg., - - June—July. Bowling ; Mount
Stuart.
P. atra, Mg., - : - - June. Frankfield; Erskine ;
Possil M. ; Northfield Moor,
Alexandria.
Loxocera aristata, Pz., - - July. Kilchattan Bay; Monkd.
Cl.; Glen Massan; Loch
Keck.
*L. albiseta, Schrk., - - - July. Holy Loch.
Fam. Micropezip#.
Calobata petronelia, L., — - - June. Cambuslang; Glen
Massan.
Fam. ORtTALiIps#.
*Tetanops myopina, Fin., - - June. Gailes.
Riwvellia syngenesie F., - - June—July. Luss Glen; Troon;
Blairmore ; Holy Loch.
Seoptera vibrans, L., - - - July. Strone.
Fam. TryPeripa,
*Acidia cognata, W.., - + July. Mill Pm, Cadder;
Possil M.
A. heraclei, L., - - . - Augt. Crookston.
*Spilographa Zoé, Mg, - - June. Bowling.
*Trypeta lappe, Cedj., — - - July. Mount Stuart.
*Tephritis tessellata, Lw., - - July. Mount Stuart.
T’. leontodontis, Deg., - - June. Maurroch Glen.
Fam. LoncuHa1p2.
*Lonchea vaginalis, Fin., - - June. South Bute.
*L. tarsata, Fln., — - - - June. Frankfield.
*L. enea, Mg., - - - - June. Northfield Moor,
Alexandria.
*L. laticornis, Mg., - - - July. Mount Stuart; Loch
Eck.
168 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
*Palloptera saltuum, L., - - June—July. Mount Stuart ;
Possil M.; Murroch Glen.
P. umbellatarum. F., - - June—Augt. Troon ; Giffnock ;
Crookston.
*P. trimacula, Mg., - - - Gen. dist.
Fam. SAPROMYZID™.
*Sapromyza decempunctata, Fin., July. Luss Glen.
*S. pallidiventris, Fin., — - - June—Oct. Gen. dist.
S. obsoleta, Fln., . - - July — Augt. Possil M.;
Cardross ; Holy Loch.
S. rorida, Fln., - - - - Com. and gen. dist.
S. preusta. Fln., - - - Com. and gen. dist.
*S. anisodactyla, Lw., : - Oct. Erskine.
*Lauxania enea, Fln., - - June—Sept. Hawkhead Est. ;
Northfield Moor, Alex-
andria ; Dougalston (North)
Wood, Milngavie.
Fam. Opomyzip&.
* Balioptera tripunctata, Fln., - April—August. Cardross.
*B. combinata L., — - - - June—Sept. Bardowie Loch ;
Possil M.; Murroch Glen ;
Hawkhead Est. ; Holy Loch.
Opomyza germinationrs, L., - Com. and gen. dist.
*O, florum, F., - - - - Augt.Sept. Craigallion Loch;
Monkd. Cl.
Fam. SEpsip&.
Sepsis cynipsea, L., - - - Com. and gen. dist.
Nemopoda cylindrica, F., - - Gen. dist.
Themira putris, L., - - - July—Augt. Cardross; South
Bute.
*T'’. pilosa, Dsv., - - - June — August. Northfield
Moor, Alexandria; Dun-
donald Glen.
Fam. GEOMYZIDZ.
*Anthomyza gracilis, Fln.,- - July. South Bute; Mount
Stuart.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 169
*Paranthomyza nitida, Mg., - June. Erskine.
* Diastata unipunctata, Ztt., - March—August. Dundonald
Glen ; Mount Stuart.
*D. inornata, Lw., - - - Sept. West Ferry Wood,
Langbank.
Fam. EpHYDRID®.
* Notiphila uliginosa, Hal., - July. Holy Loch.
*N. riparia, Mg. - - - July. Kilchattan Bay; South
Bute; Monkd. Cl.
NV. cinerea, Fln., Z - - June—Sept. Frankfield; Possil
M.; Bishop Loch.
Hydrellia griseola, Fin., - - June. Hawkhead Est.; Possil
M.
*H. chrysostoma, Mg., - - Gen. dist.
*H. nigripes, Ztt., - - - July. Glen Massan.
* Philhydria punctatonervosa, Fin., July. Mount Stuart.
* Parhydra fossarum, Hal., - Feb.—Sept. Bishop Loch;
Cathkin Quarry; Dundonald
Glen.
*P. quadripunctata, Mg., - - Feb.—July. Cathkin Quarry ;
Mill Pln., Cadder ; Murroch
Glen ; South Bute.
*Ilythea spilota, Curt., —- - Sept. Bishop Loch.
*Cenia palustris, Fin., - - May—Sept. Mill Pin., Cadder;
Bishop Loch.
*Scatella quadrata, Fln., - - Augt. Frankfield.
*§. sorbillams, Hal., - - - Augt. Cardross.
*S. estuans, Hal. - - - March—July. South Bute ;
Mount Stuart.
*S. stagnalis, Fin., - : - April—Septr. Murroch Glen;
Bishop Loch; Cardross ;
Frankfield ; Erskine.
Fam. DrosoPpHILID®.
*Scaptomyza flaveola, Mg., - July. Mount Stuart.
*S. graminum, Fln., - - April—Sept. Gen. dist.
170 ‘TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
* Drosophila transversa, Fln., -
*D. phalerata, Mg., -
*D. fenestrarum, Fln.,
*D. cameraria, Hal., -
*Aulacigaster rufitarsis, Mcq.,
Fam
* Meromyza pratorum, Mg.,
*M. nigriventris, Meq., -
*Centor cereris, Fln., =
*C, myopinus, Lw., - -
*C. nudipes, Lw., - -
* Diplotoxa messoria, Fln.,
June—July.
Glen Massan ;
Northfield Moor, Alexandria;
Mount Stuart.
- Sept. Gorge of Avon.
- April—June. Murroch Glen,
- Sept. Dougalston (North)
Wood, Milngavie.
- June. Erskine.
. CHLOROPIDA.
- June. Troon.
July. Mount Stuart.
*Chlorops puncticollis, Ztt., —-
*C’, speciosa, Mg.,_ - -
*C. lateralis, Hal.—
scutellaris, Ztt., -
*C. minuta, Lw., - -
*Oscinis frit, L., E =
* Hlachyptera cornuta, Fln.,
Fam
*Agromyza reptans, F'ln., -
A. nigripes, Mg., - -
July. Possil M.; Holy Loch;
Glen Massan.
July. Possil M.
July—Augt. Holy Loch;
Cardross; Blairmore; Kil-
chattan Bay.
July. Holy Loch.
June—July. Hawkhead Est. ;
Mount Stuart.
June—Augt. Monkd. CL;
Loch Eck ; Possil M.; Glen
Massan ; Cardross.
July. Holy Loch; Loch Keck.
June— Augt. Holy Loch;
Glen Massan; Possil M. ;
Troon.
Augt.—Sept. Cardross; Bishop
Loch.
March. Cadd. Wild.
. AGROMYZIDA.
June—Sept. Erskine; Hawk-
head Est.
May — June. Cambuslang ;
Gorge of Avon.
THE DIPTERA OF CLYDE. 171
*A. flaveola, Fln., - : - July—August. Monkd. Cl.;
Blairmore ; Mount Stuart.
*A. curvipalpis, Zit., - - June—July. Mount Stuart ;
Hawkhead Est.
*4. geniculata, Flin.—
capitata, Ztt., - - - July. Glen Massan; Possil M.
*Ceratomyza denticornis. Pz, - July. Holy Loch.
*Ochthiphila polystigma, Mg., - July. Mount Stuart.
*0. geniculata, Hal., - - - July. Mount Stuart.
*0. flavipalpis, Hal., - - July—Augt. Mount Stuart ;
Gailes.
*Schenomyza litorella, Fln.—
fasciata, Mg., - - - June—Sept. Cardross; Mount
Stuart ; Bishop Loch; Inch
Tavannach.
Fam, PHytTomMyziIp&.
*Phytomyza notata, Mg., - - May—Sept. Gorge of Avon;
Possil M. ; Hawkhead.
*P. rufipes, Mg. —- - - August. Possil M.
*P. Zetterstedtit, Schin., - - April— June. Possil M.;
Murroch Glen; Erskine ;
Calderwood Glen, E. Kil-
bride ; Bowling.
*Chromatomyia obscwrella, Fin., April — Octr. — Frankfield ;
Gorge of Avon; Erskine ;
Monkd. Cl.; Cambuslang ;
Hawkhead Est.; South
Bute ; Mount Stuart.
*C. affinis, Mg., - - - July — August. Blairmore ;
Murroch Glen.
*C’. albiceps, Mg., —- - - June—July. Possil M.; Blair-
more.
Fam. BorBorIDz&.
* Borborus nitidus, Mg., - - May—Octr. Gen. dist.
*B. niger, Mg., - - - May. Troon; Helensburgh
Moor ; Gorge of Avon.
172 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
*B. suillorum, Hal, -
B. equinus, Fln., — -
*B. nigrifemoratus, Mcq..
B. geniculatus, Mcq.,
*Spherocera subsultans, F.,
*S. pusilla, Fin., — -
*Limosina fontinalis, Fin.
*1,. lutosa, Stnh.,
*1L. limosa, FIn.,
*L. pumilio, Mg., — -
*L. sylvatica, Mg.,
*Z. crassimana, Hal.,
Fam.
*Trinuera aterrima, F.—
stictica, Mg. -
*T. velutina, Mg., -
*T. Schinert, Beck., -
*Phora rufipes, Mg., -
*P. projecta, Beck.,
’
Feb.—March. Stepps Wood ;
Cadd. Wild.
Feby.—Novr. Gen dist.
July. Mount Stuart.
June — Sept. Possil M.;
Dougalston (North) Wood,
Milngavie ; Frankfield.
June. Erskine; Monkd. Cl.
Sept. Murroch Glen.
Feb. — Aug. Stepps Wd. ;
Cadd. Wild.; Busby ; Mur-
roch Glen; Rutherglen
(T.W.); Frankfield.
Sept. Bishop Loch.
Sept. Bishop Loch.
Feb. and Sept. Cathkin
Quarry ; Bishop Loch.
Feby.—Sept. Hawkhead Est. ;
Monkd. Cl. ; Cadder Wild. ;
Rutherglen (T.W.) ; North-
field Moor, Alexandria.
Feby.—Aug. Bishop Loch ;
Frankfield ; Cadd. Wild.
PHORID.
June—August. Helensburgh
Moor; Frankfield; Mount
Stuart.
June. Hawkhead Est.; Stepps
Wood.
April—May. Stepps Wood ;
Frankfield.
Feb.—March. Stepps Wood ;
Dennistoun (indoors).
March—Oct. Stepps Wood ;
Erskine ; Frankfield.
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE. 173
Fam. HippoBoscip.
* Melophagus ovinus, L., - - Feb. — March. Carntyne;
Riddrie.
Note.— Additional species occurring in “Clyde” will be found in
Mr. J. R. Malloch’s contributions (“Diptera in Dumbartonshire)
to the Ent. Mo. Mag., viz., vol. xvii. (second series), 1906, pp. 41,
233, 257, and 276; and vol. xviii., pp. 43 and 86.
ERRATUM.
Ante, vol. viii. (N.S.), part I.—
Page 19, line 1, for “tarsalis, Schum.,” read “discimanus, Lw.”
Autumn and Winter Bird-Life of the Fairlie Shore.
By Rosert W. 8. Witson.
[Read 31st March, 1908. ]
Unuke some other parts of Ayrshire, notably Lendalfcot and
Beith, the Fairlie district has never been fortunate in possessing
a resident historian of its avifauna, and consequently but little
has been published on this subject.
The recently published * List of the Birds of Ayrshire” by
the Glenfield Ramblers’ Club, Kilmarnock, does not contain any
information regarding this district, but remarks, when speaking
of Mr. Charles Berry’s observations at Lendalfoot, that “It is
much to be regretted that a similar series of notes is not
available from some locality near the other end of the Ayrshire
seaboard, where the different nature of the shore is more attrac-
tive to certain types of birds.”
The following notes refer principally to the period from 1901,
and are the result of the many visits I have paid to this district
174 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
during that time. As these visits have always been in the
months from August till February inclusive, I have been unable
to deal with the bird-life of the spring and summer months.
In preparing these notes, I have confined myself to those species
of birds which have been observed on the line of shore between
the villages of Fairlie and Portincross, taking in the fields and
woods which lie within a hundred yards of it, and also part of
Fairlie Roads. The number of species recorded is 114.
To Mr. John Paterson and Mr. John Robertson, and also to
Mr. Robert Millar, gamekeeper at Hunterston, I am indebted for
much valuable information.
Between Fairlie and Brigaird Spit the receding tide lays bare
a vast area of sand and mud, which proves very attractive to the
wild-fowl that annually visit this locality, but does not help the
observer, as birds are easily passed by when scattered over so
large an area.
I have found that from about an hour before high-water to
an hour after then is the best time to see what waders and
ducks may be present; and if the observer takes his stand at
Brigaird Point at a suitable time, the best being when the tide
is beginning to ebb about an hour before sunset, he will often
see almost the whole feathered population of the Fairlie Sands
pass before him.
MistLe-Turusn, Zurdus viscivorus, Linn.—Common, especially
during hard frost.
Sonc-Turusy, Zurdus musicus, Linn.— Abundant in autumn,
and not uncommon in winter.
Both species occur in winter,
Repwine, Zurdus iliacus, Linn.— | the Wicldfare beine thelieee
Fievprare, Twurdus pilaris, Linn.— annie cee eee
BiacksirD, Zurdus merula, Linn.—The most abundant of all the
thrushes here.
Wueatear, Saxicola enanthe (Linn.).—Numerous in August and
September, but all have disappeared by the 7th October.
Wuincuat, Pratincola rubetra (Linn.).—A few to be seen in the
autumn.
Sroxecuat, Pratincola rubicola(Linn.).—Rather rare; I have seen
it in the months of September, October, and December.
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE. 175
Repstart, Ruticilla phenicurus (Linn.).—This species has only
come under my observation on one occasion, namely, on
6th August, 1906, when I observed two at the Burnfoot
Point, Fairlie.
Reppreast, Hrithacus rubecula (Linn.).—Common.
Wauirernroat, Sylvia cinerea (Bechstein).—Common in August
among the tangled vegetation; few are seen after mid-
September. ‘
GoLDEN-CRESTED WREN, Regulus cristatus, K. L. Koch.—Occurs
in the Hunterston Woods.
Wittow Wren, Phylloscopus trochilus (Linn.).—An abundant
species in August and beginning of September.
Sepce-WarBLER, Acrocephalus phragmitis (Bechstein).—Not
common, owing to the scarcity of suitable resorts; a few
may be seen in a marsh at Brigaird Point.
Hepce-Sparrow, Accentor modularis (Linn.).—Common.
Dipper, Cinclus aquaticus, Bechstein.— Always a few about the
burn-mouths ; and I once saw one flying over the house-tops
in Fairlie, which is rather a peculiar place for this bird to
be seen in.
Lone-rTaILeD Tit, Acredula rosea (Blyth).—Observed occasionally
on the trees at Poteath, and Mr. John Robertson has seen
it near Portincross.
Great Titmouse, Parus major, Linn.—Common.
Coat Titmouse, Parus ater, Linn.—Occurs at Hunterston.
Marsu-Tirmouse, Parus palustris, Linn.—Mr. John Paterson
saw several at Ardneil Bank, near Portincross, on January
lst, 1897; and he mentions that it was recorded on the
authority of Mr. Walter Brown on 4th April, 1892, on the
occasion of an excursion of the Andersonian Naturalists’
Society to this district.
Buive Titmouse, Parus ceruleus, Linn.—Common.
Wren, Zroglodytes parvulus, Koch.—A common bird about the
dry-stone dykes along the shore.
TREE-CREEPER, Certhia familiaris, Linn.—Mr. John Robertson
has seen this bird within a short distance of the shore near
Goldenberry.
Prep Waerait, Motacilla lugubris, Temminck.—Abundant along
high-water mark from August to October ; rare in winter,
176 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Waitt Waerait, Motacilla alba, Linn.—A regular autumn
visitor, occurring in small parties at the end of August and
throughout September, being most numerous in the latter
month. ‘They resort chiefly to the high-water mark, the
attraction being the abundance of flies there.
Grey Waerait, Motucilla melanope, Pallas.—Not uncommon
about the mouths of the various burns along the shore.
Yettow WaeraiL Motacilla raii (Bonaparte).—This local species
is common in August and September, occurring singly and
in small parties.
Meapow-Pipit, Anthus pratensis (Linn.),—Fairly abundant.
Rock-Pipir Anthus obscurus (Latham).—An abundant bird from
autumn till spring.
Sporrep Frycatcuer, Muscicapa grisola, Linn.—A few to be
seen in autumn.
Swattow, Hirwndo rustica, Linn.—Common in autumn.
Housr-Martin, Chelidon urbica (Linn.).—Common ; many pairs
nest in Fairlie, and the young birds are frequently not out
of the nest in the beginning of October.
Sanp-Martin, Cotile riparia (Linn.).—Rather a scarce species on
this shore.
GREENFINCH, Ligurinus chloris (Linn.).—Common.
House Sparrow, Passer domesticus (Linn.).—Abundant.
Cuarrincu, Mringilla celebs, Linn.—-Common.
Linyet, Linota cannabina (Linn.).—Occurs in small parties in the
autumn, and sometimes in winter.
Lesser Reppotn, Linota rufescens(Vieillot).—Common in autumn,
and often seen in winter.
Twirr, Linota flavirostris (Linn.).—Common ; 50 or 60 birds are
frequently seen together. A more abundant bird than the
Linnet hereabouis.
Buuirincn, Pyrrhula ewropea, Vieillot.— Have only once
observed this species on the shore here ; on 23rd November
two were seen on the roadside near Southannan.
Corn-Buntine, Hmberiza miliaria, Linn.—Not uncommon in
autumn.
Yetiow Buntine, Lmberiza citrinella, Linn.—Common,
Reep Buntine, Emberiza scheniclus, Linn.—Occasionally seen,
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE, 177
Snow Bustin, Plectrophenas nivalis (Linn.).—Occurs occasionally
in small parties in winter, November Ist being the earliest
date I have of its arrival.
Sraruine, Sturnus vulgaris, Linn.—Very abundant. In the
warm days of autumn the shore often swarms with Starlings
hawking after flies, in the same manner as the more agile
Swallows.
Maapixz, Pica rustica (Scopoli)—I have seen this bird on one
occasion near Hunterston, and believe it to be a scarce
species hereabouts.
JacKkpaw, Corvus monedula, Linn.—Abundant, the cliffs north
of Portincross being a favourite resort.
Raven, Corvus corax, Linn.—On September Ist, 1907, Mr. John
Robertson saw a pair flying inland near the Black Rock ;
and Mr. Millar tells me he has, on several occasions, observed
a pair flying in the same direction.
Carrion-Crow, Corvus corone, Linn.—Often seen on the flats,
generally in pairs.
Roox, Corvus frugilegus, Linn.—Abundant; numbers cross
Fairlie Roads from the Great Cumbrae every morning,
returning in the late afternoon, when they often have a
rough passage if the prevailing winds from the south-
west and west are blowing strongly.
SkyiarK, Alauda arvensis, Linn.—A few are always about the
shore, but after a fall of snow inland they become very
numerous. On the morning of the great blizzard of wind
and snow on 26th December, 1906, I watched a great move-
ment of this species in a westerly direction (see Annals of
Scottish Natural History, 1907).
Swirr, Cypselus apus (Linn.).—Abundant in August, but rarely
seen after September lst. In the fine September of last
year (1907), however, a few remained rather later, the last
being observed on the 22nd September, a late date.
Nicutsar, Caprimulgus europeus, Linn.—Mr. Robert Millar
has heard this bird in August at Hunterston.
Kinerisuer, Alcedo ispida, Linn.—Mr. Robert Millar tells me
of one occurrence of this bird at the Green Point.
Barn-Owt, Strix flammea, Linn.—On 22nd October, 1904, Mr.
Knox Whyte shot one in Poteath Bay as it was hovering
178 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
over his dog at flight time. In September, 1907, Mr. John
Robertson drew my attention to the note of an Owl which
he believed to be this species, and since then I have
frequently heard the same note behind Fairlie, but never
have been able to trace the bird. Mr. Millar is quite
familiar with this bird at Hunterston.
Lone-EarEp OwL, Asio otus (Linn.).—In the fine evenings of early
autumn I have frequently seen this species hawking about
the shore.
Tawny Ow, Syrniwm aluco, (Linn.).— Fairly common ; several may
be heard hooting to each other on a still evening.
Sparrow Hawk, Accipiter nisus (Linn.).—A frequent visitor to
the shore, where it finds abundance of spoil among the
small birds.
PEREGRINE Fatcon, Falco peregrinus, Tunstall.—This bird is
now but an occasional visitor, and the famous eyrie at
Ardneil, where, from time immemorial, the Peregrine had its
home, is now deserted ; but the estate of Hunterston must
ever be associated with this falcon. I have observed it on
three occasions only. On 25th December, 1901, one was
seen at the Black Rock; on 4th October, 1902, while lying
up at Brigaird, waiting for the flight of Curlews from
Fence Bay, I was startled by the sudden swoop of a fine
blue-backed male at a small wader standing in a pool of
water within 20 yards of where I was concealed; and on
September 30th, 1905, two, in brown immature plumage,
were noticed at Poteath Bay. One October evening in
1906, at Poteath, a Peregrine made a dash at the Tam-o’-
Shanter worn by a well-known Fairlie wild-fowler, who was
snugly ensconsed in the heart of a whin bush, from which
projected his conspicuous head-gear ; but for what queer
kind of fowl the falcon mistook the latter, I am not
prepared to say.
Meruin, Falco esalon, Tunstall.—F requently seen in autumn,
and occasionally in winter. It preys chiefly on Dunlins and
small birds ; these it fairly flies down, not pouncing unex-
pectedly on them, as that feathered sneak, the Sparrow
Hawk, does. Swallows give it considerable trouble to take ;
and I have seen several long-continued flights out over
ae
EE ——E—E—————
Se
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE. 179
Fairlie Roads after these birds, the hawk making repeated
stoops, and just as often missing its intended victim, until
the latter became tired out, and was then easily taken.
Kestrsi, Falco tinnunculus, Linn.—Not uncommon.
Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo (Linn.).—A common bird here.
Many follow the flounders which come in with the rising
tide. As can readily be imagined, they find this fish some-
what difficult to swallow ; one Cormorant which I watched
took about ten minutes over the operation.
Gaxnet, Sw/a bassana (Linn.).—Common in Fairlie Roads until
the end of October, when it disappears ; and few, if any, are
seen until the end of February, when it reappears.
Common Heron, Ardea cinerea, Linn.—Frequents the shore all
the year round. There is a small heronry of at least a
dozen occupied nests in Kelburne, behind Fairlie, from
whence the birds flight down to the shore at sunset with
great regularity.
Grey Lac-Goosz, Anser cinereus, Meyer.—Gaggles of Grey
Geese on the wing are not an uncommon sight in this
district ; but, as they rarely alight on the flats in the day-
time, I have, so far, been unable to determine to what
species they belong. On 13th November, 1906, Mr. Knox
White shot a young Grey Lag at flight-time at the Black
Rock, and saw another in its company (see Annals of
Scottish Natural History, January, 1907).
Barnacuz-Goosz, Bernicla leucopsis (Bechstein).—In October,
1903, a small gaggle of this species remained for a few days,
and three were shot ; this is the only occurrence I know of.
Brent Goosr, Bernicla brenia (Pallas).—This is a wellknown
species at Fairlie, and varies greatly in numbers in different
years; and the old wild-fowlers tell me that the Bernacle, as
they call it, came in much greater numbers in former days.
They usually appear at the end of December, but I observed
one on 2nd September, 1905—a very early date.
Bewicx’s Swan, Cygnus bewicki, Yarrell.—On 1st J anuary, 1907,
I saw three wild Swans in Fence Bay, which I took to be of
this species, but I could not get near enough to them to
make sure of their identity.
B
180 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Common Suetp-puck, Zadorna cornuta (S. G. Gmelin).—In the
beginning of August, broods of young, accompanied by their
parents, are common about the shore, where they remain till
the end of October, and then depart ; but some reappear in
January, and many in February, when bunches, containing
up to 50 birds, are to be seen in Poteath and Fence Bays.
Matuarp, Anas boscas, Linn.—A few parties of local birds are
usually about in August and September. In October it
becomes more abundant by the arrival of others from the
north ; and this month sees an alteration in their habits, as
they become almost entirely night-feeders, and are not so
often seen on the flats in the daytime as they were earlier
in the season. They generally go inland at night when the
the weather is open, and resort to the small sheets of water
among the hills, and also to the potato-fields ; but in frosty
weather they betake themselves to the burns running
through the Zostera-beds when the tide is low.
Trax, Wettion crecca (Linn.).—Fairly common in September and
October, and only numerous in winter, when hard weather
prevails inland.
Wiaron, Mareca penelope (Linn.).—The most abundant of all the
ducks here. Small parties make their appearance in
September, the earliest date I have being the 12th; and
their numbers gradually increase in October and November
reaching the maximum in December. At first they mostly
feed in Poteath Bay, but with the turn of the year Fence
Bay becomes more popular with them. If the tide happens
to be out about an hour after sunset. when they flight in
from the sea, they alight on the beds of Zostera, far out
from the shore; but as the night wears on, they approach
the shore edges, and may then be seen, if the moon is
shining, within 50 yards of the public road bordering Fence
Bay. No bird is perhaps better known here than the
Wigeon; and although the main object of pursuit of a
number of keen wild-fowlers, I very much question if 10
per cent. of their numbers are shot in a season.
Turrep Duck, Fuligula cristata (Leach).—Rather rare here, but
occasionally a solitary bird is observed. I have only once
come across a number together, namely, one frosty morning
in November, when about 40 were noticed at the Black Rock.
an
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE. 181
Scaur-Duck, Fuligula marila (Linn.),—On 16th February, 1907,
after a spell of stormy weather, Mr. Alexander Ross and I
saw a party of six in Fence Bay—the only occurrence I
know of.
GoLpEN Eye, Clangula glaucion (Linn.).—Not very common; a
few about Brigaird Point from October onwards, generally
adult males.
Rep-BreasteD MERGANSER, Mergus serrator, Jinn.—A common
bird here all the autumn, and slightly less so in the winter.
Many young birds, unable to fly, are regularly seen in August
and September.
Rinc-Dove, Columba palumbus, Linn.—Not so common as it
used to be, owing, I am told, to the farmers having ceased
to sow rape after the potato crop; but it still remains
numerous enough for all concerned.
Srocx-Dove, Columba enas, Linn.—Only within recent years
has this species become common here, as it was
entirely unknown fifteen years ago. It is now well known,
and flocks of 15 to 25 birds are often seen feeding in the
fields. Together with the Ring-Doves, they come down to
the shore shortly after sunrise, to pick gravel and drink the
brackish water, and are frequently seen crossing Fairlie
Roads to the Cumbraes.
Rock-Dove, Columba livia, Gmelin.—On 2nd January, 1905,
I flushed one from the shore at the Green Point.
Rep-Grovuse, Lagopus scoticus (Latham).—Although I never
actually observed this bird on the shore, it occurs very close
to it, and may be heard from there. The Black Grouse is to
be met with further inland.
PuHEasant, Phasianus colchicus, Linn.—Frequently visits the
shore.
PartrRipGE, Perdix cinerea, Latham.—Common close by the
shore.
Corn-CrakE, Crex pratensis, Bechstein.—I have heard this bird
calling at Hunterston as late as the 6th August.
Warer-Rait, fallus aquaticus, Linn.—I know of only two
occurrences of this species. One was shot by Mr. Neilson on
7th November, 1903, at Poteath ; and another was obtained
by Mr. R. Garry in February, 1907, at Fencefoot.
182 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Moor-Hen, Gallinula chloropus, (Linn.).—Not uncommon in the
small marshes close by the shore.
RinGEep PLover, @gilitis hiaticola (Linn.).— Very common.
Gotpen Prover. Charadrius pluvialis, Linn.—Flocks of these
birds appear with great regularity in September and
October. In winter, when the weather is open, few are to
be seen ; but a change to frost or snow never fails to bring
them down to the shore with a rush.
Grey PrLover, Sguatarola helvetica (Linn.).—Appears to be a
regular autumn visitor in scanty numbers, October or
November being the months in which it is usually observed.
I have seen it as early as 6th September, and as late as 2nd
February. First noticed in 1904, it has occurred every
year since.
Lapwing, Vanellus vulyaris, Bechstein.—A very abundant bird
here ; sometimes in October and November the shore simply
swarms with them. During continued frosty weather they
disappear, but with the return of open weather they re-
appear, though always in lessened numbers. They become
very lively at dusk, when they come trooping down to the
flats, turning and twisting about, and calling loudly to each
other.
Tursstone, Strepsilas interpres (Linn.).—From the middle of
August till the end of the season, a few frequent the rocky
shore about Brigaird Point; but they never occur in such
large numbers as in some other parts of the Clyde area.
OysTER-CatcHer, Hamatopus ostralegus, Linn.—About 200
Oyster-catchers spend the winter on the Fairlie sands,
feeding when the tide is out, and crossing to the Little
Cumbrae at high water. Some evidently nest on this shore,
for I have seen the young, still in down, at Brigaird Point in
August.
Woopcocs, Scolopax rusticula, Linn._-Common enough in
several parts of this district, I am told; but it is not often
seen on the shore, and I have only come across it on two
occasions.
Common Snipe, Gallinago celestis (Frenzel).—Generally a few
occur in certain favoured spots, always becoming more
numerous during hard weather. Many come out to the flats
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE. 183
after dark, and even in the day-time some are to be seen
about the tangle-covered rocks, where I have noticed them
retreating before the advancing tide.
Jack Snipe, Gallinago gallinula (Linn.).—Not abundant on the
shore ; I have seen an odd one now and then from October
onwards.
Dunun, Zringa alpina, Linn.—This is a species which varies
much in numbers in different years, being very abundant in
some seasons and quite the reverse in others. Last season
(1907-8) they were very scarce; during August and
September, oniy solitary birds were noticed ; and although
they became much more numerous after October, they did
not occur in anything like their usual numbers.
Purpwe Sanppirer, 7'ringa striata, Linn.—Evidently a rare bird
here. Mr. John Paterson observed three on the rocky
shore at Portincross on January 2nd, 1899.
Knot, 7'ringa canutus, Linn.—A regular autumn visitor, arriving
from the 16th of August onward, and remaining till about
the middle of November, when ail have passed on ; but they
are again observed at the end of February, on their way
north. They are the most numerous of the Arctic waders
here, 50 or 60 birds being frequently seen together, and are
usually very tame. I have but rarely heard this bird utter its
note, and think it one of the most silent of all the waders.
-Common Sanppiper, Zotanus hypoleucus, (Linn.).—Occurs in
August and September in small numbers.
RepsHANK, Votanus calidris (Linn.).—Abundant. Often at full
tide I have seen a large flock of these birds, numbering from
two to three hundred, flying about the Black Rock. This
is quite contrary to the experience of a well-known wild-
fowler, who denies the fact, often alluded to, of the
Redshank gathering into large flocks.
GREENSHANK, Totanus canescens (Gmelin).—A regular autumn
visitor, occurring sometimes as early as August 4th, and
frequently seen till October. In winter it is rare, and I
have only observed it in December on one occasion. No
bird is more wary than the Greenshank, in my experience,
not even excepting the Curlew, which has acquired a great
and well-merited reputation in this respect.
184 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Bar-Taitep Gopwit, Limosa lapponica (Linn.).—Fairly common
some seasons and in others rare. It is most frequent in the
three autumn months, but an odd bird occurs now and
then till the end of February. Sixteen is the largest group
I have seen together.
Common Cur.tew, Vumenius arquata (Linn.).—A very abundant
species from autumn to spring. During August and
September they go inland at high water, and begin to
return to the flats about two hours after the beginning of
the ebb, flighting down in flocks from twenty to one
hundred strong. As nearly all use the same route, it is
possible at this season to form an estimate of their numbers.
After observing them closely for the last seven years, I
would say that the average autumn Curlew population of
the Fairlie sands is between six and seven hundred indi-
viduals. After October they do not go inland so much,
and it is therefore not so easy to judge what the winter
population is. From this change of habit, and their
perceptibly increased tameness in this month, when they
will fly over certain parts which, owing to the attentions of
the shore-shooters, were shunned weeks before, I believe
that the birds present in autumn depart about the middle
of this month (October), and are replaced by others from the
north. Curlews seem to depend on their great powers of
sight for their protection, and not on any sense of smell.
One very hot day in August, a Curlew alighted, and com-
menced to bathe itself in a pool of water, within three feet of
a stone butt within which I was concealed; and although
I watched it for nearly ten minutes ducking its breast in
the water, and allowing the latter to trickle over its
shoulders, it was not until I showed myself that a much-
startled Curlew flew shrieking away.
WuimMereL, Numenius pheeopus (Linn.).—A few are seen up till
October every year, generally solitary birds. They appear
with great regularity in the first week of August.
Common TERN, Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann.—Common in flocks
in August and the first half of September. Though con-
stantly on the outlook for its near relative, the Arctic Tern,
I have not yet managed to identify it here.
EE
AUTUMN AND WINTER BIRD-LIFE OF THE FAIRLIE SHORE. 185
Buack-Heapep Guu, Larus ridibundus, Linn. { Both very com-
Common GuLL, Larus canus, Linn. mon birds here.
Herrine-Guit, Larus argentatus, Gmelin.—By far the most
abundant gull on this shore, very large numbers being con-
stantly seen. On their daily journey from the inland fields
to the flats, this and the preceding two species use the same
route with such great regularity that the part of the shore
over which they pass has become known as the “‘Gulls’ Walk.”
Lesser Biack-Backep Gut, Larus fuscus, Linn.—Common till
October, when they depart, and are not observed till the
return of spring.
Great Birack-BackepD GuLL, Larus marinus, Linn.—One or two
of these fine birds are generally to be seen beating along the
margin of the tide in search of flotsam and jetsam.
KirtTiwakE GuLL, Rissa tridactyla (Linn.).—Common in Fairlie
Roads.
PoMATORHINE Sxva, Stercorarius pomatorhinus (Temminck).—On
February 17th, 1904, Mr. Robert Godfrey picked up a dead
example of this bird at Hunterston (Annals of Scottish
Natural History for 1904, page 192).
Ricwarpson’s Sxkua, Stercorarius crepidatus (Gmelin).—Since
November lst, 1902, when I obtained one at Brigaird Point,
I have seen it on some half-dozen occasions, once as early as
August 13th, 1904. All the birds seen were in the dark
phase of plumage.
RazorBiL1, Alca torda, Linn. { Both commonspeciesin theautumn
Guittemor,Uria troile(Linn.).\_ months in Fairlie Roads.
ADDENDA.
Since this paper was read to the Society, two additional species
have come under my notice.
On September 25th, 1909, I observed a Common Buzzarp,
Buteo vulgaris, Leach, soaring over the rising ground behind
Poteath Bay, just outside our limit; and in the same month I
obtained a Purrin, Fratercula arctica (Linn.),—a bird of the
year—off Brigaird Spit. The Common Buzzard is a rare species
over the most of Ayrshire; but the Puflin no doubt occurs
frequently with the Guillemot and the Razorbill in Fairlie
Roads.
186 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Notes on Leaf-sections of Polytrichum.
By Joun R. Ler.
[Read 23rd June, 1908.]
Tue Polytrichacee represent the highest type of organisation
amongst Mosses ; and, in fact, present us with the most highly
organised form of the gametophyte or sexual generation in
plants. Not only is there a robustness of aspect in most of the
species, which is almost unique, but the histology of the stems
and leaves presents a complexity of structure far surpassing that
of any other group of the Bryophyta. Although it cannot be
said that there is anything quite comparable with the elaborate
fibro-vastular tissues of the plant-body in Phanerogams and
Pteridophytes, yet there are present in the conductive system of
the Polytrichacee elements which recall the fibres, vessels, and
and sieve-tubes of the higher plants, and have, in fact, been
regarded as analogous structures by some observers.
Connected with this highly-specialised conductive system, it is
not surprising to find a type of leaf-structure more elaborate than
is usual amongst the other groups of mosses. Although, in
general, the central mib-rib or “nerve” of the leaf presents a
certain amount of complexity, yet in the great majority of mosses
the leaf is extremely simple in structure, the greater part usually
consisting of a simple plate of cells, filled with chloroplastids. In
the Polytrichaceze, on the other hand, the “nerve,” which is
unusually large, bears, on it ventral surface, a number of plates,
or “lamelle,” running parallel to each other in a longitudinal
direction, and appearing in transverse section as a series of
upright rows of cells. In the genus Catharinea, these lamelle
are few in number—not more than four or six—and are compara-
tively narrow, the broad lamina of the leaf considerably exceeding
the lamelle in extent of surface; while the cells of the lamelle,
as well as those of the leaf-blade itself, contain abundant chloro-
phyll. In the genus Polytrichwm, on the other hand, the lamelle
are very numerous—as many as sixty in P. commune—and are
the only chlorophyllose parts of the leaf, the lamina being in
many cases reduced to a very narrow wing at the extreme edge
of the extended “ nerve.”
NOTES ON LEAF-SECTIONS OF POLYTRICHUM. 187
The position of the lamelle, when the leaves are expanded in
the moist condition, is evidently an adaptation to their function
as the assimilatory tissue-system of the plant. They then stand
vertically upon the expanded leaf, with their surfaces in line
with the incident light-rays. The arrangement, in fact, strongly
recalls the ‘“palisade cells” in the ordinary bifacial leaf of
dicotyledons.
Like all mosses, the species of Polytrichum are liable to loss of
water during dry weather, and are well adapted to endure
desiccation. Their elaborate leaf-structure presents some inter-
esting points of adaptation to such conditions. In all the species
there is a broad sheathing leaf-base, from which the lamelle are
for the greater part absent, the lamina being here expanded,
and consisting of thin-walled hyaline cells. In some species—as,
for example, in P. jwniperinum—this sheathing base is not very
extensive ; and, in that case, the marginal ring is broader, and folds
over the lamell in the dry condition. In other cases, the leaves
become closely adpressed to the stem, thus affording a similar
protection to the lamelle. This movement of the leaves is due in
large measure to contraction of the sheathing base, owing to the
withdrawal of water from the thin-walled tissue of which it is
composed, but also in part to contraction of the lamelle them-
selves from a similar cause. ‘he cells of the lamelle are mostly
thin-walled, and readily absorb moisture, both in the liquid form
and as atmospheric vapour ; but the external walls of the cell-row
which form the upper free edge of the lamelle are strongly and
characteristically thickened. When the leaves dry up, the
lamelle became closely packed together, the only part exposed to
the air being thus this thickened upper edge.
The thickening of the outer row of cells in the lamell differs
in form in the different species. Thus in P. wrnigerum the wall
is covered with wart-like papille. This is also the case in P.
alpinum. In P. juniperinum there is a strong ridge of cellular
thickening on the upper edge of the cell-row, and two lateral
ridges less strongly marked, giving the appearance of a roughly
cruciform cell, as seen in section. VP. piliferwm agrees in form
with P. juwniperinum, but the lateral ridges are almost obsolete.
In P. commune the edge of the lamelle is grooved longitudinally,
giving the appearance of a bicuspidate cell in section.
9
Aer
188 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Meteorological Notes and Remarks upon _ the
Weather during the Year 1907, with its General
Effects upon Vegetation.
By James Wuirron, Superintendent of Parks, Glasgow.
[Read 3lst March, 1908. ]
In order to preserve the continuity of the series, these notes
have been compiled, as in former years, from the records kept
at Queen’s Park, Glasgow.
January—The new year was ushered in with weather con-
ditions of an unpleasant nature. The morning was dull and
cold, while at night a storm of wind and rain set in, which
continued throughout the following day. After a slight touch
of frost on the 8rd and 4th, rain, intermixed with hail and
sleet, again occurred on the evening of the latter, and continued
irregularly for a few days. Then the weather moderated, and
for about a fortnight it was unseasonably open and mild, the
17th being a remarkably fine, spring-like day. After the 18th it
was more wintry in character, with some sharp frosts, 14° being
registered on the 24th, while on the same day the first fall of
snow of the season occurred. The wintry conditions lasted until
the 27th, when a strong, fresh wind sprang up, which quickly
dispelled all the snow from the ground. On the 28th a severe
gale, which lasted over the 29th, sprang up, and was accompanied
with thunder, lightning, and rain. A considerable amount of
damage was caused throughout the country by this storm. The
last two days of the month were dry and frosty.
The barometrical readings show a wide range. On the Ist
the atmospheric pressure indicated was 29°10 inches; on the 2nd
it was down to 28°70, from which point it rapidly rose to 29°90;
on the 4th, with four exceptions, the pressure was over 30°00
inches daily until the 27th, when a sharp depression set in,
followed by the gale of the 28th and 29th. The readings for these
days were 29°30 and 29°10 inches respectively. The highest
ieee eee re ee
ee Sa
wee Dt spa
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 189
reading for the month was 30°75 inches on the 23rd. After the
29th there was a sharp rise to 30°05 on the 31st.
Frost was registered on ten occasions, these being chiefly
during the latter half of the month. The amount registered
was 55°. This is a greater amount than what was registered
in January of the three preceding years, especially that of
January, 1906, when the total was only 9°; in 1905 the amount
was 33°, and in 1904, 28°. While the average maximum
temperature (43°) was the same as that of January, 1906, the
average minimum (35°) was 2° lower.
The rainfall was 2°12 inches, which is slightly under that of
the same month of 1906, when the amount was 2°62 inches. On
no occasion was the day’s rainfall excessive, while there were 13
days on which no rain fell.
With the open and comparatively mild weather, vegetation
early showed signs of activity. The buds on Willows and Elders
swelled up considerably, and Narcissi and Snowdrops were show-
ing through the surface of the ground during the second week of
the month. Grass lands were remarkably bright and green for
the season, and birds were in song prior to the period of frosts.
February.-— Sharp frosts were experienced during the first
week, with a fall of snow on the 4th, while on the 5th and
early part of the 6th the city was enveloped in a dense fog. A
change to fresh set in on the 7th, but the thaw did not last
long, and, with the wind veering back from S.W. to N.E., there
was a recurrence of the wintry weather. A brilliant display of
the aurora was witnessed on the evening of the 9th. From the
15th until the 20th very stormy weather was experienced, with
heavy, cold rains. Thereafter till the end of the month the
weather was seasonably fine and settled.
The barometrical readings were much lower than those of the
preceding month, and, in consonance with the weather, some
what erratic. The pressure was above 30°00 inches during the
first five days and last four days of the month; the highest point
was 30°35 inches on the 5th. The main range of pressure was
between 30°00 and 29°00 inches, and only on one occasion was it
below the latter point, when during the stormy period it touched
28°40 on the 20th.
There were 15 dry days, and the rainfall (including melted
snow) amounted to 2°68 inches, which quantity is about the
190 ‘TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
average for this month. On two occasions the fall for twenty-
four hours was over half-an-inch, 0°65 inch being registered on
the 17th and 0°55 inch on the 20th.
Frost was registered on 12 days, the total amount being
76°, which was less than in the corresponding month of 1906,
when a total of 92° was registered for 19 days. The average
maximum temperature was 41° and the average minimum 32°,
compared with 42° and 30° respectively for February, 1906.
The lowest readings were 19° on the Ist, 21° on the 5th,
21° on the 6th, and 25° on the 23rd, after which no frost was
registered for the month.
Consequent on the wintry character of the weather, vegeta-
tion made little apparent progress in the early half of the
month. The first Snowdrops observed in bloom were on the
10th ; but as soon as the frosts gave way they bloomed profusely,
and were in their glory during the last week of the month. The
Winter Aconite (Hranthis hyemalis) began to bloom during the
third week.
March.—With the exception of heavy rain on the night of
the ist and morning of the 5th, the weather during the first week
was comparatively mild and dry. ‘The afternoon of the 7th was
wet and stormy, which conditions prevailed throughout the 8th.
On the 9th frost set in, and snow began to fall during the
afternoon; and on the morning of Sunday, 10th, it lay to a
depth of fully 4 inches. Under the influence of bright sunshine
and a strong westerly wind, which began about mid-forenoon of
that day, the snow rapidly disappeared, and by 8 p.m. very little
was left on the ground. Several fine days were experienced, and
were followed by a week of changeable weather, with occasional
heavy rains. From the 20th until the end of the month the
weather was fine and bracing, with several bright days of
sunshine,
Though somewhat irregular during the early half of the month,
the atmospheric pressure was fairly high throughout, ranging
between 30°10 inches on the Ist to the same point on the 12th,
when there was a steady depression during the period of change-
able, squally weather to 29°20 on the 16th, with a remarkably
quick drop to 28°50 on the 17th, which presaged the heavy
rainfall registered on that date. After the storm the pressure
quickly increased till it reached 30°25 inches on the 23rd, and
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 191
remained over 30°00 for a week, dropping a few points on the
three last days of the month.
Rain fell on 16 days, the total amount registered being 3°94
inches, which is slightly above the average for March. There
was an abnormal amount registered on the morning of the 17th,
when the gauge showed 1°05 inches.
The amount of frost registered was only 15°, occurring on 5 —
days. In March, 1906, there was a total of 60°, occurring on
10 days. Owing to the absence of severe frosts, the average
temperatures—maximum, 49°, and minimum, 37°—were in each
case 4° higher than those for the previous March.
With the freedom from hard frosts and openness of the weather,
combined with the lengthening days and growing power of the
sun, vegetation rapidly showed signs of awakening. By the 10th
the Snowdrops, which had bloomed well, began to pass, to be
succeeded by Crocuses and other spring flowers. During the
third week the Crocuses were in their glory, while Daffodils were
showing colour in their buds, and before the close of the month
the Common Daffodil (Narcissus pseudo-narcissus) was in full
bloom. In the last week Dog-tooth Violets, Squills, and Hepaticas
were also in flower. Amongst trees the advance was equally
great, Elms showing the rosy red of their buds more brilliantly
than usual. Catkins on Willows, Hazels, and Alders were also
striking ; and the buds on Thorns, Lilacs, Roses, and many other
shrubs showing green too freely for the period of the year.
Daphne Mezereum was beautifully in bloom, along with Rhodo-
dendron Nobleanum in sheltered places. Grass lands were also
very fresh and bright.
April.—The fine weather which prevailed during the latter
part of March continued for a time. A slight thunderstorm
occurred on the 2nd, and there was a heavy fall of rain during
the evening of the 3rd. Thereafter, though fine on the whole,
the weather became colder, with a tendency to frost in the
mornings. On the 10th another thunderstorm, accompanied by
heavy rain, was experienced, the afternoon being very wet.
With easterly winds, the weather kept dry and cold until the
20th, when, with a change of the wind to the S.W., rain fell.
The weather thereafter, though somewhat changeable for several
days, was fine, on the whole, until the end of the month.
192 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
The atmospheric pressure was within a moderate range, though
somewhat erratic in course. From 29°70 inches on the Ist, it
fell to 29°00 inches on the 3rd, rising again to 29°50 on the
5th, while on the 6th it was again down to 29°00 inches—the
only oceasions during the month when that point was touched.
The rise was steady, but only on one occasion did the pressure
reach 30°00 inches, this occurring on the 25th. A steady decline
followed, and on the 30th the barometer indicated 29°40 inches.
For the third year in succession the rainfall for this month
was low, the amount registered being 2°30 inches, and there
were 18 dry days. In the corresponding months of 1906 and
1905 the rainfall was 1:21, with 19 dry days, and 1°79 inches,
with 15 dry days, respectively.
In regard to the temperature, whiie the average maximum
(52°) was 2° lower than that of April, 1906, the absence of
frost accounts for the higher average minimum, which was 39°,
or 4° above that of the previous April. Though the freezing
point was approached on several occasions, only on one morning
(the 18th) was frost registered, and that only to the extent of
2°—a somewhat remarkable record for April.
The move which vegetation had made in the latter part of
March continued vigorously during the first week, but the cold
easterly winds and lack of moist, genial conditions considerably
retarded its development during the month. Those trees which
naturally leaf early, and which had made some progress, were
severely checked by the touch of frost on the 18th, the young
shoots and leaves of Chestnuts and Sycamores. as well as the
flowers of Rhododendrons—R. Nobleanum, R. Jacksoni, and R.
precox—being badly browned. The effects of the frost were not
so apparent on Lilacs, Thorns, Spirzeas, but all were retarded.
The frost, however, did not harm the early hardy flowers, such
as the Varcisse and their spring congeners, and the display of
Daffodils was fine during the month. Field crops were planted
under satisfactory conditions generally, and grass lands were in
excellent order for the period of the year.
May.—Opening with a cold, dull, wet day, the weather until
the 13th was changeable, rain and sunshine alternating, with
perhaps more of the former than of the latter. A severe gale of
wind was experienced on the 2nd, while on the 8th and 11th
—
SL a
——
Mute it
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 193
thunderstorms occurred. The third week was cold and dry, with
a prevalence of easterly winds. Rain was registered on the 22nd,
23rd, and 24th, but, with these exceptions, dry weather prevailed
until the last two days, both of which were extremely raw and
disagreeable.
With the exception of the change which occurred from 29°60
inches on the Ist to 28°80 inches on the 2nd, when a gale of
some severity was experienced, the range of atmospheric pressure
was moderately high, with no outstanding feature of variation.
The range was chiefly between 29°40 and 30°00 inches, the
latter point being only slightly exceeded on the 17th, 18th, and
19th, and again on the 28th and 29th, with the pressure rapidly
declining on the 30th and 31st, when it was down to 29°50
inches.
Rain fell most frequently in the early part of the month, the
total amount registered being 3°63 inches, which is slightly under
what was registered in the previous May. There were 13 dry
days.
The absence of sunshine and the prevalence of cold winds had
their natural effect on the day temperature. The average
maximum consequently is low, only 53°, which is 1° lower than
that of May, 1906. In the case of the average minimum, which
was 43°, it is 1° higher than that of the previous May, while
the figures were 4° and 2° respectively lower than those of
May, 1905.
While the rains of the early part of the month had a vivifying
effect on vegetation, the gain was counterbalanced by the un-
seasonably cold, sunless weather experienced during the latter
part, consequently growth was slower and later than usual. The
gale on the 2nd sadly mutilated the young, soft foliage of Acers
and Chestnuts, also destroyed much of the bloom on Rhododen-
drons. The display of bloom on most deciduous trees and shrubs
was more irregular than usual, some specimens being profuse and
others sparsely flowered. Pears, Cherries, and Plums in some
places were fine, and in others under the average, though it may
be noted that the most profusely bloomed plants do not usually
set fruits so well as those more moderately flowered. While the
leafing of trees was later than usual, the absence of “ May frosts”
permitted the development without injury, and the foliage of the
later species was fully above the average in size and quantity.
194 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
The leafing of the Oak on the 13th and the Ash about the 25th
was similar in time to the previous year. Seeds in garden and
field generally made a good start in growth, but many of the
more tender sorts developed imperfectly, or failed entirely in
growth afterwards, on account of the want of genial weather
conditions.
The Cuckoo was heard on the 14th, and House-Swallows
observed on the 16th.
June.—There was no improvement in the weather conditions
with the advent of what is usually one of the most pleasant
months of the year. Rarely indeed do we experience such a
prolonged spell of cold, cheerless, sunless weather in June. Heavy
showers of rain, and occasionally hail, fell on most days of the
month, while local thunderstorms were somewhat frequent. On
the 29th, which was a remarkably pleasant day, during the
prevalence of one of these storms, there were parts of the city
deluged for a short time at different periods of the day, whilst
in some parts not a drop of rain fell.
The barometric readings do not show either a wide range or
any notable change in the atmospheric pressure. On the Ist it
was at 29°60 inches, varying only a few points up and down
till the 17th, when it touched 29°90 inches, falling about four
points the following day, and keeping very steady thereafter till
the 24th, when it fell to 29°30 inches, rising slowly afterwards
to 29°90 inches on the 30th.
The character of the weather may be gauged by the fact that
only on 6 days was no rain recorded. The total amount of
rainfall registered was 3°99 inches. In June, 1906, there were
only 1°69 inches of rain and 17 dry days.
With an abnormal rainfall and absence of sunshine the
temperature was low, the average maximum being 57°, and the
average minimum 47°, compared with 65° and 50° respectively
for the corresponding month in 1906. In that year the maximum
thermometer in shade was above 70° on four occasions, and above
60° on twenty-six, whereas in the year under review it was only
six times above 60°, the highest reading being 63° on the 11th.
Consequent on the somewhat abnormal conditions, vegetation
made but slow progress. Hawthorns were but bursting into
bloom during the second week, and flowered very irregularly.’
——— See a
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 195
This was also a marked feature with Laburnums and other
subjects which usually make a gay display in garden and wood-
lands in June. In fact, the majority of what are termed flower-
ing shrubs were below the average in bloom. There was, how-
ever, a compensating gain in growth, as the young shoots and
leaves developed more fully than usual, Rhododendrons especially
being exceptionally good. Considering the amount of rainfall
the fields of cereals looked well. Potatoes were somewhat patchy,
and turnips irregular, as on wet soils the seed was not sown
under good conditions ; in fact, in many places it was not sown
at all, on account of the impossibility of working the soil.
July.——Although a considerable amount of rain fell during
the first two weeks, the tendency was towards improvement.
This was very marked after the 13th (Glasgow Fair Saturday),
which was a wet, dull, depressing day. From the 14th to the
26th the weather was ideally fine, and enabled our citizens te
enjoy their “Fair” holidays under delightful atmospheric con-
ditions. Indeed, the fortnight was probably the best, so far
as weather is concerned, throughout the year. The conditions
were exactly the reverse of what was experienced during the
“Fair” holidays of 1906, when the proverbial bad weather was
perhaps more pronounced than usual. During the dry weather
the winds were chiefly from the S.E., with a change of the wind
to the 8.W. on the 27th. There was some rain for a few days,
but not so heavy as to cause much discomfort.
The atmospheric pressure was somewhat irregular for the first
ten days. From 29°80 inches on the Ist and 2nd, it steadily
fell to 29°35 inches on the 6th, recovering three points the
following day, then dropping to 29°40 on the 8th, after which
the pressure steadily increased, and the highest reading for the
month was on the 16th, when 30°40 inches was indicated. After
that date the pressure declined steadily, and was at 29°70 inches
on the 31st.
The rainfall amounted to 3°38 inches, occurring on 16 days.
The rainfall for July, 1906, was 2°37 inches, with 9 dry days;
and in the corresponding month of 1905, 2°81 inches, and 12
dry days.
Regarding the temperature, the average maximum (63°) was
1° lower and the average minimum (50°) the same respectively
F
196 ‘TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
as those of the previous July. The maximum thermometer in
shade was at or above 60° on twenty-three occasions, and above
70° on four occasions, the highest reading being 78° on the
18th. In July, 1906, the highest reading was 72° on the 5th,
and only twice was it above 70°.
The continuous wet weather having chilled and soddened the
soil, vegetation was in a stagnant state until the dry, sunny
period came on, after which the change was remarkable, and a
fine healthy colour was assumed by annual crops. Haymaking
was in full swing by the 20th, and many farmers got their hay
crop secured in a satisfactory condition. Trees and shrubs com-
pleted their annual growth very fully, and garden plots of summer
plants, which were in a languishing state, revived and grew
vigorously.
August.—_The month opened fine, but unfortunately the
weather broke down, and the conditions were by no means
pleasant, as these were very changeable, with heavy rains and
high winds at times, while towards the end of the month hail
showers were too frequent for the season.
While the barometric readings do not show a wide range, they
indicate a somewhat unsteady line of atmospheric pressure. The,
pressure rose a point from the Ist to the 2nd, when it was at
29°80 inches, then varying a point or two up and down daily
till the 10th, when the lowest reading for the month (29°30
inches) occurred. On the 13th it was at 29°80 inches, and for
a week several points lower, rising steadily after the 17th, till
on the 22nd it indicated 30°00 inches. During the last week it
varied between 29°55 on the 25th and 29°90 inches on the 30th,
with a downward tendency on the 3ist.
As in the previous August, which had an amount (5°28 inches)
above the average, the rainfall was again heavy for this month,
the amount registered being 4°65 inches, with only 7 dry days.
The heavy rainfall and absence of sunshine had again a marked
effect on the temperature, consequently the averages are low for
the month, the average maximum being 60°, and the average
minimum 49°, in both cases lower than those of the previous
August. In August, 1906, the maximum thermometer in shade
was five times above 70°, and only twice below 60° ; whereas in
the month under notice it was sixteen times below and but fifteen
times above 60°, while the highest reading was 67° on the 21st.
Ld
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 197
Owing to the changeable, wet weather, field crops made little
progress towards ripening. Cereals certainly made plenty straw
and looked well, but few fields were showing change of colour
towards the end of the month. Root crops were soured and
sickly, except on favoured Spots. In late and high-lying parts
the hay crop, where uncut or unsecured, got much wasted in
colour and quality. Towards the end of the month the defolia-
tion of the Lime and Elm trees in the city parks became some-
what pronounced, though fully ten days later than usual.
September.—During the first week the weather was somewhat
variable, several days being fine till evening, and then
becoming wet. The tendency, however, was towards more
settled conditions, and after the 5th very little rain was
registered ; in fact, after the 17th there was not any. The
weather became warm and dry, though somewhat hazy at times,
and the atmospheric conditions were of a very delightful
description.
With the variable weather of the first week the atmospheric
pressure was erratic. From 29°85 inches on the Ist it fell to
29°20 inches on the 2nd. Thereafter it increased, till on the
8th and 9th it was at 30°30 inches, the highest reading for the
month. For several days the pressure declined slightly, then
rose a point or two and kept steady until the 22nd, when from
30°25 inches it gradually eased off to 29°50 inches on the 26th,
then rising as the month closed.
The rainfall was low, only 1°24 inches being registered. There
were 18 dry days. These conditions were somewhat similar to
those of the previous September, when the rainfall was 1°41
inches, with 21 dry days.
Though there was a slight tendency towards frost in the first
week, no frost was registered, except by the radiating thermo
meter on the surface of the grass. No damage, however, was
caused to plants. The average maximum temperature was 60°,
and the average minimum 48°, the former 2° lower and the
latter 1° higher than the respective figures of the previous
September.
The warm, genial weather rapidly brought cereals to ripeness,
and harvesting operations were in full swing by the second week.
Unfortunately, owing to the absence of wind, most mornings were
too dewy to admit of cutting or leading in the grain until mid-
day, therefore harvesting operations were much hindered. The
198 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
warm weather, however, was, after the long period of cold and
wet, very much weleomed. ‘Towards the end of the month the
trees in the city parks defoliated rapidly. Though later than
usual in beginning to fall, the leaves of Limes, Elms, Sycamores,
and Beeches were all off about the same period as in former
years. The display of autumn flowers was above the usual, and
made up for the meagre display made by their summer
congeners.
October.—-The warm weather which prevailed during the
greater part of September did not continue beyond the first few
days of this month. Towards the end of the first week the
weather became dull and cold, with slight showers, which were
the precursors of a very prolonged period of heavy rains. On
the 6th the rain fell almost continuously, and by 9 a.m. on the
7th over an inch was registered. With a day’s respite rain
again set in, and for about three weeks it fell more or less
continuously, one day’s fall being somewhat phenomenally heavy.
After the 26th the weather was more settled and colder.
Though the barometric readings are within a moderate range,
the changes in the atmospheric pressure indicate pretty clearly
the variable nature of the weather. From 29°35 inches on the
lst. the pressure fell to 29°10 inches on the 2nd, then, rising
sharply, it was at 29°70 inches for two days—4th and 5th. A
sharp depression on the 6th and 7th brought it down to 29°20
inches. A gain of several points followed, and the pressure kept
fairly steady until the 14th, when another sharp fall occurred
to 29°00 inches on the 15th. Rising slightly for two days
another quick depression was noted, the pressure indicated on
the 18th and 19th being 28°90 inches. The recovery was sharp,
and the pressure kept within two points of 29°50 inches without
any notable variation until the end of the month.
Rain was registered on 27 occasions, there being thus only
4 dry days. The total amount was 6°67 inches, an abnormal
amount for one month. Nearly half of the amount fell on two
days—the 6th and the 15th. The total for the twenty-four hours
ending at 9 a.m. on the 7th was 1:01 inches, and for the twenty-
four hours ending at the same time on the 16th, 2°27 inches.
In the corresponding month of 1906 the rainfall amounted to
5°33 inches, with 5 dry days, so October has been an excessively
wet month two years in succession,
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 199
The prevalence of easterly winds, combined with an excessive
rainfall, kept the temperature low, so that the average maximum
(52°) is 3° lower than, and the average minimum (43°) the same
as, the figures for October, 1906. No frost was registered during
the month.
The prevalence of so much wet weather was most disastrous
to grain crops in the later parts, and harvesting operations were
practically suspended during the month, even where the situation
was more favourable. The defoliation of deciduous trees was
very complete ere the month ended, and vegetation generally
had a very bedraggled appearance.
November.—The weather during the first week was mild and
pleasant. Heavy fogs enveloped the city on the 6th and 7th.
Thereafter it became colder and more unsettled—rainy, disagree-
able days alternating with fine, mild ones. On the 12th heavy
rain fell, accompanied by a strong wind at night. Several days
afterwards the weather was fine and settled, and frost occurred
on the 15th, with the usual accompaniment of fog in the city,
and the day following was wet and disagreeable. The next week
was one of better weather. After a heavy rain on the 22nd
colder weather prevailed, with dense fogs on the 25th and 30th,
when frosts again occurred. The 26th was a very stormy day,
with showers of sleet.
The changeable nature of the weather is well shown by
the erratic line of atmospheric pressure, as indicated by the
barometer readings. On the Ist it was at 29°90 inches. After a
slight fall on the 2nd the pressure steadily increased to 30°10
inches on the 6th, then fell rapidly to 29°40 inches on the 9th,
recovering five points on the 10th. Three days later it was back
to 29°40 inches, while, after a sharp rise, it was at 30°10 inches
on the 18th. With a little variation it was about 30°00 inches
until the 21st, when a steady depression set in, and by the 27th
it was down to 28°90 inches. A very sharp rise followed, and
30°30 inches was indicated on the 30th.
The rainfall was below the average for November, the total
being 2°31 inches. There were 12 dry days. In November,
1906, there were also 12 dry days, but the rainfall was 4°17
inches.
Regarding the temperature, frost, totalling 28°, was registered
on seven mornings. The average maximum temperature was
200 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
48°, and the average minimum 38°, these being 1° and 3° lower
respectively than those of the previous November, which, how-
ever, were higher than usual on account of the absence of frosts.
Until the occurrence of frost on the 15th many plants kept
blooming out of season. Dahlias, for example, were quite fresh
and in better condition than in October, and that precocious
blooming plant, Jasminum nudiflorum, had many flowers open
during the month. Farmers who had fared badly in the gathering
in of their crops made the most of the few opportunities to
stack grain, while the uncommon and undesirable sight of fields
of grain in stook in November was too frequently met with.
December.—After the Ist, which was a dry, frosty day, the
weather was very changeable, with a considerable amount of
rainfall. These conditions prevailed for the first fortnight. A
few fine days with frost at the middle of the month were followed
by several wet days, but after the 23rd the weather was dry but
dull, with cold easterly winds.
In regard to the atmospheric pressure, the readings again show
a wide and erratic range. On the Ist the pressure was 30°00
inches; after a rapid fall it was 28°70 inches on the 5th; on the
7th it was up to 29°30, but on the following day it was back to
28°60 inches, which point was also indicated on the 10th. A
rapid rise to 29°20 inches on the 12th followed, then falling again
to 28°80 on the 14th. On the 15th it was up to 29°70 inches,
and kept near that point until the 19th, when another depression
began, and the reading on the 21st was 29°30 inches. A steady
recovery followed, and on the 24th and 25th the pressure was
30°00 inches. During the next four days the readings were four
points lower, rising again to 30°00 inches on the 30th, with a
falling off of a point on the last day of the year.
The amount of rainfall registered was above the average, it
being 5°58 inches. On five occasions the rainfall for the twenty-
hours exceeded half-an-inch, while on other four days over one
quarter of an inch fell. There were 11 dry days. In the
previous December the rainfall amounted to 3°51 inches, with
15 dry days in the month.
Consequent on the abnormally mild and open weather the
temperature was high for the season of the year. Frost was
registered only on five mornings, while the amount was but 19°
f
{
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NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 201
in all. The average maximum temperature was 44°, and the
average minimum 36°, compared with 42° and 33° respectively
for December, 1906.
Owing to the absence of hurtful frosts and the heavy rains
vegetation at the close of the year was cleaner and brighter
than usual. Too frequently at this season shrubs in the vicinity
of the city are heavily coated with a sooty deposit which is
inimical to their well-doing in every sense. Grass lands were
also remarkably fresh and green. The wet conditions, however,
were against the working of arable lands and the securing of
root crops.
Comparing the records with those of previous years we find
the amount of rainfall (42°49 inches) is above the average com-
pared with 39°75 inches in 1906, which was also over the average.
Curiously, despite appearances to the contrary, the average
monthly rainfall was normal in the aggregate up to the end of
September. The heavy rainfall of October and December, how-
ever, made up the difference. The driest month of the year
was September, with a rainfall of 1°24 inches and 18 dry days.
The driest month during 1906 was April, with only 1°21 inches
of rain and 19 dry days. The wettest month was October, with
a rainfall of 6°67 inches and only 4 dry days. In 1906 October
was also the wettest month, with 5°33 inches and 5 dry days,
though August had nearly the same amount, with 5°28 inches.
The greatest amount registered for twenty-four hours was 2°27
inches at 9 a.m. on the 16th October, which was a very abnormal
quantity ; while on the 7th of the same month 1°01 inches were
registered, and on the 17th March, 1°05 inches. Only on one
occasion in 1906 was the inch exceeded, and, strangely, that was
on the 17th March, when the amount was 1°08 inches.
There were 147 dry days against 152 in the previous year.
The following table of rainfall recorded in those parks where
gauges are placed is of interest as showing the variations in the
different parts of the city. Due allowance must always be made
for local conditions, as the exposure, altitude, and surroundings
are different in each case :—
=
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NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 203
In regard to the temperature, for the third year in succession
the monthly averages have been high on the whole, and the mean
temperature is similar.’ Again we have to note the absence of
severe frosts. Though the thermometer in shade .was at or
below freezing point (32° Fahr.) on 52 days, actual frost was
registered only on 40 occasions, totalling 195°, as compared with
287° on 57 days in 1906. After 18th April, when 2° were
registered, no frost was registered until 15th October—a, some
what unusual occurrence for the district to escape frosts in May
and early in September. There was only one occasion during
the year when the thermometer did not rise above freezing point -
in the twenty-four hours, this being noted on 24th March. The
greatest amount of frost for one day was 18° on 24th January.
The highest reading was on 18th July, when the thermometer
in shade reached 78°. While the months of July, August, and
September show the highest averages, the day or maximum was
in each month lower than the corresponding months in 1906.
The following table regarding Rouperanity may prove of
interest for coer een; —_—
204 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
KELVINGROVE
PARK.
ALEXANDRA
1907. Quren’s PARK. | MAXWELL Park. Pane
SPRINGBURN Park.
THERMOMETER
(in shade 4 feet above
ground level.)
Highest read-
ing of year,
78° on 18th | 84° on 18th | 88° on 17th | 83° on 18th | 84° on 18th
July July July July July.
18° on 24th 11° on 24th 16° on 24th 15° on Ist 15° on 24th
Lowest do., January January January February January
f
l
Numberofdays
on which ther-
mometer fell
to freezing
point (32°),
51 days 62 days 98 days 74 days 79 days
Numberof days
onwhich ther-
mometer did
not rise above
freezing point
(32°),
1 day 3 days 3 days None 3 days
Degrees of Frost
registered —
January, ... | 55° on 10 days|111° on 14 days} 99° on 16 days} 96° on 14 days} 65° on 10 da
February, 76) oy 2 MTS yn ay SG OF i LL i Ora 179
March ee.) Loom os ey V7 in Gh i Po iy Ss sie Seaiine|eoA
April, | 2 0 Tday | 76 $2 | 98 «0 4° | 20- a> 6. een
May, es aes ae 1 » 1 day
June,
July, a “ci es Bae soc acu
August,
September, ae = 2° on 1 day “as 1° on 1 day
October, ... es 5’ on 2days|) 3 » 1 u | 2° on lday| 5 » am
November, | 28° on 7 days) 57 » 10 w | 68 w» 14 days} 20 1 6days} 43 un 9
December, 19 5 ow NF on 66) Ue | 16 on G6 om «| 28 5 1S) some
aera ey 195° on 40 days|336° on 55 days|404° on 80 days|296° on 67 days| 299° on 59d;
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 205
|
scow GREEN. alae Totitcross Park. | RucHILL Park.
!
84° on 17th | 89° on 17th
July July July
14° on 24th | 12° on 6th | 12° on 25th
January February January
90 days 65 days 71 days
fon 9 days) 96° on 13 days} 69° on 10 days|108° on 12 days
0 10 wu 1140 » 18 107 15 4 16 »
mio on | 44 6 10 16
10 6 6
1’ on 1 day |
l°on lday} 2 » 2days|
" 35 « Sdays| 26 » 6 u
51 on 13 5 ou | 20 un "
57° on 32 days 387° on 71 days|257° on 48 days|320° on 57 days
Botanic
GARDENS. GEORGE SQUARE.
_ 87° on 18th | 81° on 18th
July July
| 18° on 24th | 19° on 24th
January January
80 days 48 days
69° on 15 days} 49° on 8 days
92 » 15 w | 64 » 10
Cow [2 nea
lday}| 1 » 1day
l’on 1 day
2 lin
37 9 days] 16° on 6 days
25 rT tS ez
254° on 58 days}162° on 37 days
206 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
In regard to the atmospheric pressure, the range was wider
and the readings more varied than those of previous year. The
two extremes were 30°75 inches on 23rd January and 28°40
inches on 20th February, or a range of 2°35 inches. In 1906
the range was exactly 2 inches, the highest reading being 30°50
on 22nd January and the lowest 28°50 inches on 13th February.
In regard to the winds, there was a greater preponderance
than usual from an easterly direction. Grouping them in two
divisions, the western is credited with 245 days and the eastern
with 120 days. In 1905 and 1906 the eastern had only 81 and
SO days respectively.
Summarising the weather conditions for the year, the out-
standing features are the absence of severe frosts, an abnormal
rainfall in the latter part of the year, and an unusual prevalence
of easterly winds. Unfortunately, not having any sunshine
recorders in our parks, we are unable to tabulate the number of
hours the sun shone during the season. There is no doubt what-
ever that the comparative absence of sunshine was a most notable .
feature of the weather of 1907.: This want of sunshine was very
evident on vegetation in the spring and early summer months.
Growth was slower than usual, and from 10 to 20 days later.
The flowering of most trees and shrubs was of an unusually erratic
and of a meagre description in many cases, though ‘as the season
advanced the development of shoots and foliage was satisfactory
enough. Still the absence of sun heat is evident, as there is a
decided lack of flower-buds on the majority of trees and shrubs,
and the promise of a display of bloom in garden, orchard, and.
woodland is poor indeed. Rarely have farmers had such a trying
season. While cereals were sown under fairly satisfactory con-
ditions and the growth steady and good, the want of dry, sunny
weather retarded the ripening. This resulted in alate harvest-
ing, further aggravated by the heavy rains during October,
which caused serious delay and much damage to the grain. In
many districts, while the grain crops were above the average,
the inability to get them secured discounted the gain, and the
autumn of 1907 will long be remembered by agriculturists, Root
crops likewise suffered from the same causes, but of the two
leading crops turnips suffered most. There was the initial
difficulty in getting the seed sown, on account of the wet con-
dition of the ground, especially on clay soils, The after-growth
was slow and unsatisfactory. Seldom indeed have turnip crops
NOTES AND REMARKS UPON THE WEATHER. 207
been seen in such a state, and in many districts the amount of
“shot” or “bolted” turnips in the fields was phenomenal.
Potatoes, having been planted under more satisfactory conditions,
did better, but, owing to the want of heat, were generally below
the average also. Despite the difficulty in getting it secured,
the hay crop proved, on the whole, a satisfactory one.
We can only express the hope that better conditions will
prevail during the coming season.
Subjoined is the abstract of the record for aS past three years
as kept at Queen’s Park. - ;
- ~ JAS. WHITTON,
, Superintendent of Parks.
Crty CHAMBERS,
Guiascow, February, 1908.
208 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW
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BIRDS FREQUENTING ELDER PARK, GOVAN. 209
Notes on the Birds frequenting Elder Park, Govan.
By Wituiam RENNIE.
[Read 28th April, 1908.]
In bringing before the Society some notes on the birds
frequenting the Elder Park, Govan, from March, 1906, to
March, 1908, I do not profess either to give a complete list,
or to indicate the actual dates of appearance or disappearance
of the various species, as the time at my disposal for observa-
tion has been very short.
Elder Park, which is situated on the Lands of Fairfield, at
the west end of the burgh of Govan, was the gift of Mrs. John
Elder, and was opened on 25th June, 1885. It has an area
of 37 acres. The frontage to the Renfrew Road is 1,550 feet,
and the width from north to south is 800 feet on the east side,
and about 1,200 feet on the west.
The trees are quite similar in character to those usually met
with in such places. Most of the higher trees are situated on
the boundary, and are principally Elms, Poplars, and Willows,
with an occasional Beech. The avenues are formed of Willows
and some Poplars. The shrubs consist mainly of Elder,
Privet, Lilac, Laurel, and Rhododendron. Scattered through-
out the park are Hawthorn, Beam, Laburnum, Holly, and
some fruit-trees. These last have not borne fruit during the
period included in my observations, though they have
blossomed freely.
The south-west corner of the park is pleasantly situated and
quiet, with very little traffic passing through it. This is the
place where most of the rarer visitors are to be seen, and to
it the greater part of my time was devoted.
As regards the supply of food for birds, the winter of 1906
presented a striking contrast when compared with that of
1907. In 1906 the Beam-trees and Hawthorns were covered
with their red berries, and the Hollies gave a good display.
In 1907, however, there was no blossom on the Beam-trees,
and consequently no berries; and although there was a fair
display of Hawthorn-bloom in the spring, haws were very
searce, while the Hollies were practically without berries.
210 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
There was therefore in 1906 a plentiful supply of food for
the birds, while in 1907 they had almost none. Along with
that fact, we have also to take into consideration the climatic
conditions which prevailed during the winter season. The
weather in 1906 was more severe than in 1907, and was
notable for keen frosts and severe snowstorms, as compared
with the continuous rains and open boisterous weather which
prevailed during the latter season. Last winter the Missel
Thrush, Redwing, and Fieldfare merely put in an appearance
and went elsewhere, owing to the mildness and openness of the
weather and the scarcity of food.
At different times, through stress of weather, many birds
were driven into the park for food and shelter. This enabled
me to add to the list a few which otherwise might never have
been noted.
Misset Turusu (Turdus viscivorus).—About the middle of
November, 1906, during keen frost, a flock of about a dozen
Missel Thrushes visited the park, but they began to dwindle
off as the weather became more open. The Missel Thrush
could be seen daily up till the breeding season. By the end
of March, 1907, all had left, and they did not make a
reappearance till 13th September. An occasional bird was
seen during the next few weeks, when they again left the park.
A pair made a reappearance on 11th January, 1908. Since
then they have been seen almost daily. On 25th March a
second pair were seen about the south end.
Sona Turusa (Turdus musicus).—Common all the year
round. This year the Song Thrush started to sing as early
as 23rd January, probably owing to the mildness of the
weather. In April, 1907, I watched a pair of birds carrying
building material, but was unable to locate the site of the
nest. After a while the birds were seen carrying food for
their young ones; and on 6th May a pretty sight could be
observed near the gardener’s house, as the old birds were then
teaching their four young ones to fare for themselves. During
the first week in December, 1907, the weather was very stormy,
and a large number of Song Thrushes came into the park for
a few days.
BIRDS FREQUENTING ELDER PARK. GOVAN. 211
Repwine (Turdus iliacus).—A winter migrant. I observed
the Redwing for the first time about the end of October, 1906.
At no time was it common, and it was usually seen in company
with the Song Thrush. After careful watching, I noticed that
the birds got nearly all their food on the ground. The
Hawthorn was the only tree of which I saw them touch the
berries. The Redwings were seen up till 8th March, 1907,
and reappeared on 28th November. From that date onward
no sign of them could be seen until during the stormy weather
of the last week of January. On 3lst January five were
noted amongst the shrubs at the south-west corner of the park.
These were quite tame, and one of them approached to within
6 feet from where I was standing.
FrevprareE (Turdus pilaris)—Another of our winter
visitors. Fieldfares were common during the winter of 1906,
and arrived about the same time as the Redwings, but were
more inclined to frequent the trees, and were very seldom
seen on the ground. They remained very wild up till their
departure on 29th March. They reappeared on 11th December,
which was the only time when I saw the Fieldfare last winter.
Buacksirp (Turdus merula).—A resident. It starts to sing
at the beginning of February. I am under the impression
that a few pairs nest annually in the park, as young birds are
common during summer. About the middle of April, 1907, I
had daily the pleasure of watching a pair of Blackbirds during
their love-making. They seemed to prefer one tree in
particular, on which they afterwards built their nest. The
nest, which took about a fortnight to build, was unfortunately
placed in an exposed position, and was damaged twice before
completion. Having taken my stand about twelve feet from
the nest, I could watch, through the shelter of a shrub, the
building operations. The female bird sat inside and laboured
at the construction of the nest, while the male bird supplied
her with the materials. She kept beating her breast against
the inside of the nest, so as to give it its rounded shape,
while she adjusted the outside with her bill. On 10th May,
a day or two after the nest had been completed, I found that
the whole structure had been torn down. The birds then gave
G
912 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
up the attempt to build. About the same time another pair
started building operations. After a few days’ labour had
been expended upon it, the nest, which was likewise in an
exposed position, was also destroyed.
Wueatear (Sazicola enanthe).—The Wheatear may be con-
sidered one of the rarer summer visitors to the park, as |
have only been able to see it on two occasions, viz., in June,
1906, and again in July, 1907.
Rosin (Erithacus rubecula).—The Robin is one of our
common residents, and begins to sing when the mornings
become frosty (28th August, 1907), continuing till well on in
spring. Up to the present time I am not certain of its nesting
within the park, although I have seen Robins about the
rubbish-heap with what appeared to be materials for building.
Gontpen-crestep Wren (Regulus cristatus)—On 24th
February, 1908, after a wild week-end, this interesting bird
made its appearance at the south-west corner of the park. It
is not only the smallest bird in this country, but also the
most diminutive species in Europe. I was sorry that I had
not more time to follow its restless movements amongst the
trees, as it searched for insects, &e., and uttered its usual
cheery notes.
Wittow Wren (Phylloscopus trochilus).—The Willow Wren
is a regular summer visitor to the park, and arrives about
the beginning of May. A most persistent songster, its loud
clear notes are heard throughout summer. It prefers to sing
during the heat of the day, when other birds are quiet. The
Willow Wren arrived on 15th May, 1907, and occurred very
plentifully during the season. On 15th August as many as a
dozen birds could be seen together near Mrs. Elder’s statue.
Nothing more was seen of them till 21st August, when a pair
appeared. This was their last occurrence for the season.
Hepcr-Sparrow (Accentor modularis ).—The Hedge-Sparrow
is one of the resident species. At no time, however, can it be
said to be common. It is seldom seen during summer.
BIRDS FREQUENTING ELDER PARK, GOVAN. 213
During 1907 I noticed a Hedge-Sparrow on different days with
food (worms and insects), evidently for feeding its young ones,
but I was unable to find the nest. I had suspected it to be
located in one of the small clumps of trees; and accordingly,
at the end of the year, when the trees were bare, a nest could
be seen in a small Hawthorn, surrounded by Laurei and other
shrubs which completely hid it from view. On examining the
nest, I was fully convinced that it had been built by the
Hedge-Sparrow.
Lone-TaILED Titmouse (Acredula caudata).—On 24th
February, 1908, which was a clear day after some stormy
weather, a Long-tailed Titmouse was seen feeding amongst
the tall branches of the trees at the south-west corner of the
park. Its mate was calling near it, but could not be
distinguished owing to the sun shining directly on the trees at
the time.
Great Tirmouse (Parus major ).—Usually seen during the
winter, but never more than a pair at a time. It occurs at
the south or west end of the park. I have seen it about six
times this year (1908).
Coat Titmouse (Parus ater ).—Only seen once, viz., on 22nd
March, 1907, at the south-west corner.
Buvue Tirmousr (Parus ceruleus).—Occurs all the year
round. One of the most attractive sights of the park is to
witness these gay-coloured little birds flying from tree to tree,
and to watch their antics in searching the branches for insects
and larvee.
Wren (T'roglodytes parvulus).—This is one of the shyest
birds that visit the park. It is interesting to watch the timid
little fellow, with his short cocked-up tail, hopping about
amongst the shrubs, while he utters his loud clear notes. The
Wren seems only to wander in occasionally, for although I
observed it at different times of the year, I have never seen or
heard it on two consecutive days.
Prep Waertait (Motacilla lugubris).—The three Wagtails
which occur in the park can only be called occasional visitors,
and are at no time common. The Pied Wagtail is the most
214 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
frequent species, and visits the park for a few days in spring,
reappearing in the month of November. During the first
fortnight of November in 1906 and 1907, Pied Wagtails were
to be seen daily. They probably made the park a halting-
place on the line of their migration.
Waurre Waearain (Motacilla alba).—I observed this bird on
29th April, 1907, and saw it again during the first week of
May. During the spring of 1906 I had seen a Wagtail on
more than one occasion, but was not quite sure as to the
species. I am now satisfied, however, that it was the White
Wagtail. On 30th March, 1908, during a gale from the south-
west, a Wagtail was seen flying from north to south, but I
was unable to determine the species. This was the first time
that a Wagtail had been seen since the previous November.
Grey Wacratt (Motacilla melanope).—This bird made its
appearance one day during the summer of 1906, and seemed
quite at home as it flitted about the edge of the pond.
Swattow (Hirundo rustica).—Swallows were very scarce
during the summer of 1906; but in 1907, from 2Ist May
onward till 7th September, they were to be seen almost daily
near the pond, always in groups of two or three.
Houst Martin (Chelidon urbica).—This species was
observed on a few occasions during the month of June, 1906,
but I failed to see it in 1907. This, I believe, was a common
experience of ornithologists last season.
Greenrincn (Ligurinus chloris).—The greenfinch is common
from autumn till spring, and starts to sing about the
beginning of March. Sometimes small flocks of about a dozen
may be seen. In 1906 and 1907 they were very plentiful at
harvest time. I have not been able to find out whether the
Greenfinch breeds within the grounds; but about the middle
of June, 1906, a pair with three young ones were observed
on two occasions.
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus).—A very common
resident and a prolific breeder, building its nest between the
brackets of the band-stand columns, and amongst the tall trees
that border the Renfrew Road,
2.
—t- ~
—,
BIRDS FREQUENTING ELDER PARK, GOVAN. 215
Cuarrincu (Fringilla celebs ).—The Chaftinch is to be found
nearly all the year round, except during the hottest period of
summer or in very cold weather. At no time, however, is it
very plentiful. It begins to sing at the end of February.
Last year (1907) a pair of Chaftinches built a lovely little
nest in a Hawthorn. The outside was covered with the silver
bark of the Birch (Betula alba), of which there are many
small trees within the grounds; but alas! the branch was
broken off on 23rd April, the day of the Naval Volunteer
Review. This is the only occasion on which I have observed
the Chaffinch attempt to build its nest within the grounds.
BraMBuine (Fringilla montifringilla).—Whilst Bramblings
were being reported as common all round the city, nothing
was seen of them in the park till 15th March, 1907, when,
after a slight fall of snow, a pair were noted amongst the tall
trees on the west side. Want of time prevented my making
further search.
Linnet (Acanthis cannabina).—On 12th December, 1907, a
small flock of Linnets visited the south side of the park. As
many as nine could be seen at once, while, on the other side
of the road from the park, quite a number could be seen on
the hedge. Seven were observed on the following day, after
which they seem to have left the district, as the weather at
that time was wet and boisterous. On 31st January, 1908,
which was very stormy, a small flock of Linnets was seen at
the south-west corner. As these birds were very common in
Bellahouston Park at that time, they may possibly have
come from there to the Elder Park. On 6th February—an
ideal spring morning—a Linnet was heard pouring forth its
sweet song amongst the tall trees near the gardener’s house.
Lesser Reppoit (Acanthis rufescens).—A pair of Redpolls
were seen on 11th March, 1907, amongst the tall trees in the
south-west corner.
Yettow Buntine (Emberiza citrinella).—The Buntings are
only occasional visitors. One Yellow Bunting was seen in the
month of May, 1906, and the species was again noted three
times during June and August, 1907.
216 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Reep Bunvine (Emberiza scheniclus).—An occasional bird
was seen during the spring and autumn of 1906 and 1907.
Srarting (Sturnus vulgaris).— A common resident.
Although not very numerous during the summer months, as
many as sixty birds have been seen together during the months
of winter.
Magpie (Pica rustica).—This can only be looked upon as a
rare visitor. It was seen amongst the trees at the south-west
corner, where one occurred on 2nd February and two on 4th
February, 1907.
Jackpaw (Corvus monedula).—Jackdaws were seen on two
occasions during the spring of 1906, at which time these birds
were not uncommon at one of the ‘‘ coups”? or rubbish-
heaps near the river. On 17th January, 1908, a solitary
Jackdaw was seen near the flagstaff.
Rook (Corvus frugilegus).—These birds are common all the
year round. They are to be met with all over the park, but
particularly inside the deer-run, which is the place they most
frequent.
Sxytark (Alauda arvensis).—One morning, during stormy
weather in the spring of 1906, four Skylarks were seen on one
of the grass lawns near the band-stand. The bird may
occasionally be heard singing outside the limit of the park,
but only on that one occasion have I seen it inside.
Swirt (Cypselus apus).—I have only seen the Swift on two
occasions at the west end of the park, viz., one bird on Ist
June and two on 9th August, 1907.
Sparrow-Hawk (Accipiter nisus).—In the course of the
severe weather in November, 1906, during the week when so
many Missel Thrushes came into the park, my attention was
attracted by an unusual chattering of the small birds. After
a little I noticed a Sparrow-Hawk perched on one of the trees
near the greenhouse, but through want of time I was unable
to wait to see how its visit ended.
BIRDS FREQUENTING ELDER PARK, GOVAN. 217
Lapwine (Vanellus vulgaris) —A few odd birds were seen
during the spring and autumn of 1906. I have no records
for 1907. On 13th January, 1908, three Lapwings came in
overhead, and were in the act of alighting on the south side
of the park, but having been disturbed they immediately flew
outwards again. On 8th February a flock of about thirty,
and another of thirteen, passed over the park from south to
north, flying very low. On 30th March, during a gale from
the south-west, a pair of Lapwings crossed the park in a
westerly direction.
BLACK-HEADED GuLL (Larus ridibundus).—This bird can be
seen daily at the pond, except during the breeding season,
when it only occurs occasionally. During the months of
summer one is almost sure to see at least one pair about the
pond; but in winter, especially during stormy weather, they
are very common, and may be watched skimming over the
pond and whirling up to a great height. On 14th November,
1907, during stormy weather, as many as a dozen could be
observed at the pond.
Common GutL (Larus canus).—During the summer this
species may sometimes be seen on the grass patches, and is
not uncommon in the fields outside the park.
Herring Guu (Larus argentatus).—This is the commonest
of the Gulls, and can be seen almost daily, especially during
the months of winter and spring, passing and repassing across
the park. Very seldom do they alight, although an occasional
bird may be seen about the pond during summer. In the
winter time the Gulls frequenting the pond are usually young
birds in immature plumage.
Lesser Buack-Backep Guiu (Larus fuscus).—Single birds
have been seen on the grass lawns a few times during summer.
To this list of forty species a few more might doubtless be
added by careful observation. I have been informed by Mr.
Angus M‘Leod, who has also devoted some attention to Elder
Park, that he has seen the Truz Cruzpir (Certhia familiaris)
218 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
and Sporrep Fuiycarcuer (Muscicapa grisola) within its
bounds.
ADDENDUM. :
Since the foregoing was written, the following summer
migrant falls to be added :—
14th August, 1908. Ye tLtow Waerartt (Motacilla raii).—
This bird is not uncommon in the district, and nests in the
vicinity.
Bryum Duvalii, Voit., in Lanarkshire.
By D. A. Boyp.
[Read 23rd June, 1908.]
So far as the south-western counties of Scotland are concerned,
this moss has as yet been recorded only for Dumfries and Lanark.
Its discovery in Lanarkshire was due to Mr. John R. Lee, who
obtained specimens on Tinto at the Society’s excursion to that
mountain on 3rd June, 1905.*
On 30th May last, when visiting the Lowther range of hills, I
was so fortunate as to discover another Lanarkshire station for
this species. It grew on the north-eastern slope of Durisdeer
Hill, in the Parish of Crawford, on boggy ground beside a spring
which formed the source of a branch of the Potrail, one of the
head-waters of the Clyde. It occurred in numerous patches,
which were conspicuous by reason of their bright pink colour.
In colour and general habit, 4. Dwvalii bears considerable
resemblance to slender and elongated forms of JS. pallens, Sw. ;
from which common moss, however, it may be readily dis-
tinguished by its more conspicuously decurrent leaves, shorter
nerve, and almost plane leaf-margin, bordered with two rows of
narrowly elongated cells. In JS. pallens the leaf-margin is dis-
tinctly thickened, brownish, and revolute.
Having thus been found in two localities in Lanarkshire,
B. Duvalii may be expected to occur elsewhere throughout the
Clyde area, if carefully searched for in the more hilly regions of
our district.
* Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc., Glasgow, Vol. VII., p. 305.
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OCCURRENCE OF THE WATER BETONY IN ISLAY. 219
Occurrence of the Water Betony (Serophularia
aguatica, L.) in Islay.
By Tuomas F. Gitmour, L.R.C.P.Ed.
[Read 26th October, 1907.]
THouGH by no means a rare plant, this species is, I think,
sufficiently uncommon in the West of Scotland to be worthy of
notice by the Society, especially as it seems to be quite new to
Vice-County 102. In the course of my botanical rambles I have
not hitherto met with it in Islay ; but this year it has appeared
in great plenty along the banks of the Cornabus Burn, for the
last half-mile of its course, and not higher up the stream. As
that is a part of the parish which I have been over many times,
it is almost impossible that the plant if present could have been
overlooked by me. The clumps are broad and striking, and
catch the eye readily, even at a distance. As a matter of fact,
I was two fields away when I first noticed them this summer,
and felt sure that here there was something new. How, then, are
we to account for the sudden irruption of this plant? I venture
to suggest that it is a chance introduction. The farmer, through
whose land the Cornabus Burn flows, came from Ayrshire, and
that county appears to be the only one in the West of Scotland
from which Scrophularia aquatica has been recorded. It may
possibly, therefore, have come with grain or other material.
All the plants occur on the banks of the lower part of the
stream, between the farm and the sea. It is also worth noting
that some years ago this burn was badly torn up by floods of a
prolonged and destructive character, and it is quite certain that
the plants have only appeared since then.
List of Bute Plants.
By J. BaLianryne.
[Read 30th October, 1906.]
ALonG with Arran, the two Cumbraes, and the small islet of
Inchmarnock, Bute is included in the group of islands known in
topographical botany as the “Clyde Isles,” or Vice-County 100.
220 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Owing to its well-known popularity as a_ health resort,
Rothesay, the county town, is visited annually by thousands of
persons who come in search of health and holiday enjoyment,
many of whom are interested in natural history pursuits. For
some reason not easily explained, there does not appear to be at
present any reliable list of either the fauna or flora of the island.
To meet in part this felt want, I have prepared the following list
of plants, and although it is by no means exhaustive, it may help
as a preliminary contribution towards a more complete catalogue
in the near future.
Owing to the mild and equable climate of Bute, its variety of
soils, and its numerous lochs and marshes, a large number of
plants are to be found on the island, many of which are com-
paratively rare so far as the West of Scotland is concerned. ‘The
mildness of its climate has contributed in no small degree to
a number of garden escapes and other alien plants, many of
which have their home much further south, establishing them-
selves in various spots, and becoming quite naturalised. Among
these may be mentioned Claytonia sibirica, Linn.; Ribes
Grossularia, Linn. ; Peucedanum Ostruthium, Koch; Anthemis
nobilis, Linn. ; Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. ; Linaria repens, Mill. ;
and Wimulus /uteus, Linn. Others, again, such as Papaver
Argemone, Linn. ; Meconopsis cambrica, Vig. ; Chelidonium majus,
Linn. ; /bervs amira, Linn. ; Feniculum vulgare, Mill. ; Scabiosa
arvensis, Linn.; Hieraciwm aurantiacum, Linn.; Vinca major,
Linn. ; Polemoniwm ceruleum, Linn. ; and Plantago media, Linn.,
can only be considered as casuals, and iave either been intro-
duced with farm-seeds or have recently escaped from cultivation.
Although all these are found occasionally in the island, they
have apparently failed to find a congenial home in the soil of
Bute, and cannot be said to have established themselves in any
part of it.
[ have been careful to enter no plant in this list unless I either
have a specimen of it, or know where it is to be found in the
island. For this reason, a number of fairly common plants do
not appear in the list ; but it is better that they should mean-
while be omitted than that any doubt should be raised regarding
them.
No attempt has been made in the meantime to deal with the
_ OO ae ee
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LIST OF BUTE PLANTS. 221
many forms of roses, brambles, hawkweeds, wiilows, and other
critical genera, although these appear to be well represented
throughout the island. The species of Carex noted are those only
which have been examined by Mr. A. Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S.
There are a number of others which are not included, owing to
the doubtful ciaracter of the specimens in my possession, and I
have not been able as yet to obtain others suitable for identifica-
tion. Mr. Somerville also very kindly had a number of my
specimens submitted to Mr. A. Bennett, F.L.S., for confirmation.
Callitriche autumnalis, Linn., was found and identified by the
Rey. E. S. Marshall when on a visit to Bute a few years ago,
and when I had the pleasure of taking him to some of the
favourite haunts of plants.
I am also indebted to Mr. Robert D. Whyte, Town Clerk,
Rothesay, and a member of the Bute Physical and Natural
History Society, for information regarding a number of plants
which he has found. He is preparing a collection of Bute plants
for the Rethesay Museum, which is being reorganised vy the
Buteshire Natural History Society, so that all who are interested
in the plants of the district may be able to obtain at the museum
any information desired regarding them.
The Island of Bute is divided into three parishes, viz.,
(1) North Bute, (2) Rothesay, and (3) Kingarth ; and reference
to these parochial divisions affords a convenient method of
indicating the local distribution and comparative frequency or
rarity of each species. The respective parishes in which each
plant has been found are indicated by the numerals appended
to the specific name, and these correspond to the above
enumeration of the parochial divisions of the island.
Anemone nemorosa, Linn. 1, 2,3. Trollius europzeus, Linn. 1,
2
Ranunculus trichophyllus, Chaix. 3. Berberis vulgaris, Linn. 2.
R. peltatus, Schrank. 2. Nymphiea lutea, Linn, 2.
R. hederaceus, Linn. 1, 2, 3. Castalia speciosa, Salisb. 1, 2.
R. Flammula, Linn. 1, 2, 3. b. minor, D.C. 2.
R. acris, Linn. 1, 2, 3. Papaver Argemone, Linn. 3,
R. repens, Linn. 1, 2, 3 Meconopsis cambrica, Vig. 2, 3.
R. bulbosus, Linn. 1, 2, 3. Glaucium flavum, Crantz. 3.
R. Ficaria, Linn. 1, %, 3. Chelidonium majus, Linn. 2, 3.
b. incumbens, F. Schultz. 1,2,3. Neckeria claviculata, N.E.Br. 3.
Caltha palustris, Linn. 1, 2, 3. Fumaria officinalis, Linn, 1, 2, 3,
222 PRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Nasturtium officinale, R.Br. 1, 2, 3.
Arabis hirsuta, Scop. 2.
Sardamine pratensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
C. hirsuta, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
C. flexuosa, With. ° 1, 2, 3.
Erophila vulgaris, D.C. 3.
Cochlearia officinalis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Sisymbrium Thalianum, J. Gay. 1,
23.
S. officinale, Scop. 1, 2, 3.
Brassica Rapa, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
B. monensis, Huds. 3.
B. Sinapistrum, Boiss. 1, 2, 3.
Bursa Bursa-pastoris, Weber. 1, 2,
Lepidium hirtum, Sm. 3.
Iberis amara, Linn. 3.
Cakile maritima, Scop. 3.
Raphanus Raphanistrum, Linn. 3.
R. maritimus, Sm. 3.
Viola palustris, Linn. 2 2, 3.
V. Riviniana, Reich. 1, 2, 3.
V. tricolor, Linn. 1, 2; 3.
V. arvensis, Murr. 1, 2, 3.
V. Curtisii, Forster. 1, 2, 3.
Polygala vulgaris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Silene maritima, With. 1, 2, 3.
Lychnis alba, Mill. 2.
L. dioica, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Iu. Flos-euculi, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Cerastium tetrandrum, Curtis. 3.
C. glomeratum, Thuill. 1, 2, 3.
C. triviale, Link. 1, 2,
Stellaria media, Cyr. 1, 2,3
S. Holostea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
S. graminea, Linn. 1, 2, 3
S. uliginosa, Murr. 1, 2, 3.
Arenaria trinervia, Linn. 2.
A. serpyllifolia, Linn. 1,
A. peploides, Linn. 1, 2,
Sagina procumbens, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
S. nodosa, Fenzl. 1, 2, 3.
Spergula arvensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Buda rubra, Dum. 1, 2, 3.
B. media, Dum. 1.
Claytonia sibirica, Linn. 2, 3.
Montia fontana, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Hypericum Androsemum, Linn. 1.
2
hay
2
3.
H. dubium, Leers. 1, 2, 3.
H. quadratum, Stokes. 1, 2, 3.
H. pulchrum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
H. elodes, Linn. 2, 3.
Malva sylvestris, Linn. 3.
Tilia vulyaris, Hayne. 1, ‘eae 3.
Radiola linoides, Roth. 2, 3.
Linum catharticum, inn, lS Zand:
Geranium sanguineum, Linn. 3.
G. pratense, Linn. 1.
G. molle, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
G. dissectum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
G. Robertianum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Erodium cicutarium, L’Herit. 3.
Oxalis Acetosella, Linn. oes 2a:
Ilex Aquifolium, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Acer Pseudo-platanus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Ulex europzus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Cytisus scoparius, Link. 1, 2, 3.
Ononis repens, Linn. 3.
Medicago lupulina, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Trifolium pratense, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
T. medium, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
T. procumbens, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
T. repens, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Anthyllis Vulneraria, Linn. 3.
Lotus corniculatus, Linn. a¥y Zoe
L. uliginosus, Schkuhr. 1, 2, 3.
Vicia Cracca, Linn. — 1, 2, =
V. sepium, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Mo sativa, Emne 125
V. angustifolia, Linn. 3.
Lathyrus pratensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Prunus spinosa, Linn. 3.
P. Padus, Linn. 3.
Spirea Ulmaria, Linn. 1
Rubus Ideus, Linn. 1, 2,
R. fruticosus, Linn. 1, 2
Geum urbanum, Linn. 1
G. rivale, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Fragaria vesea, Linn. 3.
Potentilla Fragariastrum, Ehrh.
1, ou
P. silvestris, Neck. 1, 2, 3.
P. Anserina, Linn. 1, ES 3.
P. palustris, Scop. 1. 2, 3.
>.
LIST OF BUTE PLANTS.
Alchemilla arvensis, Scop.
A. vulgaris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Agrimonia Eupatoria, Linn. 3.
Rosa pimpinellifolia, Linn. 3.
R. mollis, Sm. 2.
R. rubiginosa, Linn. 2.
R. canina, Linn, 2.
a. lutetiana, Leman. 2.
Pyrus Aucuparia, Ehrh.
Cratzgus Oxyacantha, Linn.
Saxifraga aizoides, Linn. 1, 2.
Chrysosplenium _oppositifolium,
Eman “T5228:
Parnassia palustris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Ribes Grossularia, Linn. 1.
Cotyledon Umbilicus, Linn. 3.
Sedum Rhodiola, D.C. 3.
8. Telephium, Linn. 2.
8. anglicum, Huds. 1, 2, 3.
S. acre, Linn. 1, 3.
Drosera rotundifolia, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Hippuris vulgaris, Linn. 2.
Myriophyllum alterniflorum, D.C.
2, 3.
Callitriche stagnalis, Scop.
S. autumnalis, Linn. 2.
Peplis Portula, Linn. 2.
Lythrum Salicaria, Linn.
Epilobium hirsutum, Linn.
E. parviflorum, Schreb. 1,
E. montanum, Linn. 1
E. palustre, Linn. 1, 2, :
Circa lutetiana, Linn. 2.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Linn.
tryngium maritimum, Linn. 3.
Sanicula europa, Linn. 2.
Conium maculatum, Linn. 3.
Apium inundatum, Reichb. fil.
i RS i
ay a
2, 3.
oo
Pimpinella Saxifraga, Linn. 3.
Conopodium denudatum, Koch.
1, 2, 3.
Myrrhis odorata, Scop. 1, 2.
Cherophyllum temulum, Linn. 1,2,3.
Anthriscus sylvestris, Hoffm. 1, 2, 3.
Feeniculum vulgare, Mill. 1.
(Enanthe Lachenalii, C. Gmel. 3,
i, 2,3. (&. crocata, Linn.
UG e
2, 3.
igopodium Podagraria, Linn. 1,2,3.
223
1 ees
Ligusticum scoticum, Linn. 1.
Angelica sylvestris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Peucedanum Ostruthium. Koch. 2.
Heracleum Sphondylium, Linn.
1,2, 3:
Daucus Carota, Linn.
Caucalis Anthriscus, Huds,
Hedera Helix; Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Adoxa Moschatellina, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Sambucus nigra, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Lonicera Periclymenum, Linn. 1,2, 3.
Galium verum, Linn. 2, 3.
G. saxatile, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
G. palustre, Linn.
ce. Witheringii, Sm. 1, 2, 3.
G. uliginosum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
G. Aparine, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Asperula odorata, Linn, 2.
Sherardia arvensis, Linn. 1, 2.
Valeriana Mikanii, Syme.
Valerianella olitoria, Poll. 3.
Scabiosa succisa, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
S. arvensis, Linn. 2
Eupatorium cannabinnm, Linn. — 3.
I 2, 3:
1, 2, 3.
Solidago Virgaurea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Bellis perennis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Aster Tripolium, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Filago germanica, Linn. 3.
F. minima, Fr. 3.
Antennaria dioica, R. Br. 1, 2, 3.
Gnaphaliuin uliginosum, Linn. 1,2,3.
G. sylvaticum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Bidens tripartita, Linn. 1, 2.
Achillea Millefolium, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
A. Ptarmica, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Anthemis nobilis, Linn. 2.
Chrysanthemum segetum, Linn.
1, 2, 3.
C. Leucanthemum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Matricaria inodora, Linn. 1, 2, 3
Artemisia vulgaris, Linn, 1
Tussilago Farfara, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Petasites officinalis, Meench. 1, 3.
Senecio vulgaris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
8. sylvaticus, Linn. 3.
S. Jacobea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
294 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
8. aquaticus, Huds. 1, 2, 3.
Arctium minus, Bernh. 1, 2, 3.
Cnicus lanceolatus, Willd. 1, 2, 3.
C. palustris, Willd. 1, 2, 3.
C. arvensis, Hoffm. 1. 2. 2.
Centaurea nigra, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Lapsana communis, Ae esos
»
Crepis virens, Linn. 1, 2, 38.
C. paludosa, Meench. 1, 2, "
Hieracium Pilosella, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
H. aurantiacum, Linn. 2.
H. vulgatum, Fr. 1, 2,3.
Hypocheeris radicata, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Leont>don autumnalis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Taraxacum officinale, Web. 1, 2, 3.
Sonchus oleraceus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
S. arvensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Tragopogon pratense, Linn. 3.
Lobelia Dortmanna, Linn. 1, 2.
Jasione montana, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Campanula rotundifolia, Linn. 1,2,3.
Vaccinium Myrtillus, Linn. 1, 2.
Calluna Erica, D.C. 1, Se 3h
Erica Tetralix, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
E. cinerea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Armeria maritima, ane als Bae Bt
Primula acaulis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Lysimachia nemorum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Glaux maritima, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Anagallis arvensis, Linn. 3.
A. tenella, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Centunculus minimus, Linn. 2.
Samolus Valerandi, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Fraxinus excelsior, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Jigustrum vulgare, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Vinea major, Linn. 3.
Erythrea Centaurium, Pers.
Gentiana campestris. Linn. 1.
Menyanthes trifoliata, Linn. 2.
Polemonium ceruleum, Linn. 3.
Symphytum officinale, Linn. 2.
S. tuberosum, Linn. 2.
Borago officinalis, Linn. 2, 3.
Anchusa sempervirens, Linn. 2, 3.
Lycopsis arvensis, Linn. 2, 3.
Pneumaria maritima, Hill. 3.
Shit cespitosa, F. Schultz. 1,
24 BS
M. palustris, Relh. 2,
M. repens, G. Don. 1, Be 3.
M. arvensis, Lam. 1, 2, 3.
Reichb:. 1, 2,3:
Volvulus sepium, Junger. 1.
M. versicolor,
Solanum Dulcamara, Linn. 2, 3.
Atropa Belladonna, Linn. 3.
Verbascum Thapsus, Linn. Se
Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill.
L. repens, Mill. 2, 3.
L. vulgaris, Mill. 3.
Serophularia nodosa, Linn. 2, 3.
Mimulus luteus, Linn. 2, -
Digitalis purpurea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Veronica hedervefolia, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
V. agrestis, Linn.
V. arvensis, Linn. 1, = os
V. serpyllifolia, Linn. 1, 2, 8,
V. officinalis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
V. Chameedrys, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Y. scutellata, Linn. 2.
V. Anagallis-aquatica, a 3.
V. Beccabunga, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Euphrasia officinalis, es Lpeamchs
Bartsia Odontites, Huds. 1, 2, 3.
a. verna (Reichs). 1, 2, 3.
B. viscosa, Linn. 2.
Pedicularis palustris, Linn.
P. sylvatica, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Rhinanthus Crista-galli, Linn. 1,2,3.
Melampyrum pratense, Linn. 2.
Utricularia vulgaris, Linn. 2.
Pinguicula vulgaris, ae 1, 2, 3.
P. lusitanica Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Mentha hirsuta, Huds. 1, 2, 3.
M. sativa, Linn. —1, 2, 3.
M. arvensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Lycopus europeeus, Linn. 2. 3.
Origanum vulgare, Lion. 3,
Thymus Serpyllum, Fr. 1, 2, 3.
Nepeta Glechoma, Benth. 1, 2, 3.
Scutellaria galericulata, Linn. 1,2,3.
S. minor, Huds. 2.
Prunella vulgaris, Linn. # Pay
1, 2, 3:
Stachys palustris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
S. sylvatica, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
S. arvensis, Linn. 3.
Galeopsis versicolor, Curt. 1, 2, 3.
G. Tetrahit, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Lamium amplexicaule, Linn, 1, 2, 3.
LIST OF BUTE PLANTS. 2
L. purpureum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Teucrium Scorodonia, Linn.
Ajuga reptans, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Plantago major, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
P. media, Linn. 3.
P. lanceolata, Linn.
P. maritima, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
P. Coronopus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Littorella juncea, Berg. 2
Scleranthus annuus, Linn. 2.
Chenopodium album, Linn. 2, 3.
Atriplex patula, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
A. Babingtonii, Woods. 3.
A. laciniata, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Salicornia herbacea, Linn. 1.
Sueda maritima, Dum, 2.
Salsola Kali, Linn. 3.
Polygonum Convolvyulus, Linn. 1,
eos
. aviculare, Linn.
. Raii, Bab. 3.
. Hydropiper, Linn.
. Persicaria, Linn.
. lapathifolium, Linn.
. amphibium, Linn. 2.
b. terrestre, Leers. 2.
P. Bistorta, Linn. 1.
Rumex conglomeratus, Murr. 1.
R. sanguineus, Linn. 3.
b. viridis, Sibth. 3.
Lanes
1, 2; 3.
Lpesres
1, 2, 3.
1, 2, 3.
i Ope.
Laie node’ lia oleae)
R. obtusifolius, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
R. crispus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
R. Acetosa, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
R. Acetosella, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Hippophae rhamnoides, Linn. 3.
Euphorbia Helioscopia, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
E. Peplus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Mercurialis perennis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Ulmus montana, Stokes. 1, 2, 3.
Urtica dioica, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
U. urens, Linn. 3.
Myrica Gale, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Betula verrucosa, Ehrh. 1, 2, 3.
Alnus glutinosa, Medic. 2, 3.
Corylus Avellana, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Quercus Robur, Linn, 1, 2, 3.
Castanea sativa, Mill. 2, 3.
Fagus sylvatica, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Salix alba, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Empetrum nigrum, Linn. 1, 2
Pinus sylvestris, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Juniperus communis, Linn, 2
Elodea canadensis, Michx. 2, 3.
Listera ovata, R.Br. 3.
L. cordata, R.Br. 2; 3.
Orchis mascula, Linn, 1, 2, 3.
QO. incarnata, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
O. maculata, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Habenaria conopsea, Benth. 1, 2, 3.
H. albida, R.Br. 2.
H. bifolia, R.Br. 2, 3.
H. chloroleuca, Ridley. 1, 2, 3.
Iris Pseudacorus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Allium ursinum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Scilla festalis, Salisb. 1, 2, 3.
Narthecium Ossifragum, Huds. 1,
2, 3.
Juncus bufonius, Linn.
J. squarrosus, Linn. 1, 2,
J. effusus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
J. conglomeratus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
J. maritimus, Lam. 1, 2, 3.
J. supinus, Meench. 1, 3.
J. lampocarpus, Ehrh, 1, 2, 3.
J. acutiflorus, Ehrh.
Luzula vernalis, D.C. 2.
L. maxima, D.C. 1, 2, 3.
L. campestris, D.C. 1, 2
L. erecta, Desv. 1, 2, 3.
Typha latifolia, Linn. 3.
Sparganium ramosum, Huds.
Arum maculatum, Linn. 3.
Lemna minor, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Alisma Plantago-aquatica, Linn, 2,3.
A. ranunculoides, Linn. 2, 3.
Triglochin palustre, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
T. maritimum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Potamogeton natans, Linn.
P. polygonifolius, Pour. 1, 2, 3.
P. heterophyllus, Schreb. 2.
P. nitens, Web. 3.
Ruppia rostellata, Koch, 3.
Eleocharis palustris, R. Br.
E. multicaulis, Sm. 1, 2, 3.
Scirpus fluitans, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
8. pauciflorus, Light. 1, 2, 3.
8. exespitosus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
8. lacustris, Linn. 2,
2, 3.
Ae
226 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Eriophorum vaginatum, Linn, 1.2.3.
K. angustifolium, Roth. 1, 2, 3.
Rhynchospora alba, Vahl. 1.
Zostera marina, Linn. 3.
Scheenus nigricans, Linn. 1, 2. 3.
Cladium jamaicense, Crantz. 1.
Carex pulicaris, Linn.
. arenaria, Linn.
vulpina, Linn.
. echinata, Murr.
. ovalis, Good.
. Goodnowii, J. Gay.
flacca, Schreb.
. pilulifera, Linn.
. sylvatica, Huds.
. flava, Linn.
. hirta, Linn.
. acutiformis, Ehrh.
. rostrata, Stokes.
Phalaris canariensis, Linn. 2, 3.
P. arundinacea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Anthoxanthum odoratum, Linn. 1,
aD:
Alopecurus geniculatus, Linn. 1,2,3.
A. pratensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Phleum pratense, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Agrostis canina, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
A. palustris, Huds.
b. stolonifera, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
c. maritima, Mey. 1, 3.
A. vulgaris, With. 1, 3.
pumila, Linn. 1, 3.
Ammophila arundinacea, Host. 1,
ee
Aira caryophyllea, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
A. precox, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Deschampsia czspitosa, Beauv. 1,
PASH
D. flexuosa, Trin. 1, 2, 3.
Holcus mollis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
H. lanatus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Beauv.
Lares
Sieglingia decumbens, Bernh. 1, 2, 3.
Phragmites communis, Trin. 1, 2, 3.
Cynosurus cristatus, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Molinia varia, Schrank. 1, 2, 3.
Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv., b. littor-
alis, Parn, 3.
Peeeocoeoesaes
i org:
on
Melica uniflora, Retz.
Dactylis glomerata, Linn.
Poa annua, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
P. pratensis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
P. trivialis, Linn. 1, 2; 3.
Glyceria fluitans, R. Br. 1, 2, 3.
G. maritima, Mert. and Koch. 1, 8.
Festuca ovina, Linn. 1.
b. capillata, Hackel. 1.
F. elatior, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Bromus ramosus, Huds, 1, 2, 3.
iB. sterilis, Linn. ~1; 23:3;
B. mollis, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Brackypodium gracile, Beauv. 1.
Lolium perenne, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
ce, italicum, Braun. 3.
Agropyron caninum, Beauy.
A. repens, Beauv. 1, 2, 3.
A. junceum, Beauv. 1, 3.
Nardus stricta, Linn. 1, 3.
Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, Sm
1, 2, 3.
~
H. unilaterale, Bory. 2.
Pteris aquilina, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Lomaria Spicant, Desv. 1, 2, 3.
Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Linn
Zo:
A. marinum, Linn. 1, 3.
A. Trichomanes, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
A. Ruta-muraria, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Athyrium Filix-feemina, Roth. 1,2,3.
Scolopendrium vulgare, Symons. 3.
Polystichum angulare, Presl. 3.
Lastrza Oreopteris, Presl. 1, 2, 3.
L. Filix-mas, Presl. 1, 2, 3.
L. dilatata, Presl. - 1, 2, 3.
Polypodium vulgare, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
Phegopteris Dryopteris, Fée. 1, 3,
Osmunda regalis, Linn. 1.
Botrychium Lunaria, Sw. 2.
Equisetum arvense, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
E sylvaticum, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
E. palustre, Linn. 1, 2, 3.
E. limosum, Sm. 2, 3.
Lycopodium Selago, Linn, 2.
L. clavatum, Linn. 2.
L. alpinum, Linn. 2.
Selaginella selaginoides, Gray. 2,3.
Tsoetes lacustris, Linn, 2,
—~ ©
ih. i
ee EEE
IN MEMORIAM. 227
In Memoriam.—Atsxanper Somervitie, B.Sc., F.LS.
Died 5th June, 1907.
ALEXANDER SOMERVILLE was born in Glasgow in the year 1842.
He was the eldest son of the Rev. A. N. Somerville, D.D.,
minister of the Anderston congregation of the Church of Scotland,
and afterwards, for many years, of Free Anderston Church,
Glasgow. He was educated at the Glasgow Academy, and
subsequently attended for three sessions at the old college in
High Street. After leaving college he entered upon a business
career. Several years having thus been spent in the house of
Messrs. J. H. Young & Co., merchants, Glasgow, he went to
Calcutta as a merchant in the well-known house of Messrs.
Mackinnon, Mackenzie, & Co., but, after fifteen years of exposure
to the trying climate of India, his health became impaired and
he returned to Scotland. At this period of his life his literary
and scientific tastes seem to have strongly asserted themselves.
He once more matriculated as a student in the university (now
established in its stately range of new buildings at Gilmorehill),
where he attended science classes, and in due course obtained the
degree of Bachelor of Science. To the pursuit of natural history,
which had formerly engaged his attention in boyhood, he applied
himself once more with increased devotion. His two favourite
departments of research were Marine Zoology and Systematic
Botany, both of which were studied by him for many years with
characteristic enthusiasm. His marine investigations led him to
make many dredging excursions, in which he was often accom-
panied by naturalist friends who possessed tastes similar to his
own. In this way he explored the whole of the Clyde Sea Area
and the greater part of the western coast of Scotland. He was
accustomed to preserve manuscript records of these excursions, in
_which the most exact information was noted as to the places
where the dredging was conducted, the depths from which the
respective hauls were taken. and the species of organisms and
number of specimens so obtained. As the marine mollusca
attracted his special notice, he corresponded with the most
eminent British conchologists, and soon became a recognised
H
228 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
authority on the subject of British shells. In 1886 he published
a List of British Mollusca and Brachiopoda, which was accepted
as the standard catalogue until superseded in 1900 by the official
list of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
His appointment by that society as one of the three referees for
marine shells may be regarded as indicating the high estimation
in which his attainments as a conchologist were held.
In the department of Scottish Topographical Botany, particu-
larly in the investigations for working out the flora of the
Watsonian vice-counties, his important researches—carried on
chiefly in the West of Scotland, but occasionally extended to
Orkney and other remoter regions—have led to the acquisition of
much valuable information relating to plant-distribution, including
many interesting records of the occurrence of species in districts
where they were not previously known to exist In the course
of this work he entered into correspondence with the recognised
authorities in various departments of botany, to whom he was
likewise accustomed to submit specimens of the plants upon
which his records were based, thus greatly enhancing the value
of the information due to his individual researches. He also
formed an herbarium of British Flowering-plants and Ferns,
upon which he expended so much careful labour as to render it
one of the finest in the country.
After returning to Glasgow from India, he became connected
with various scientific institutions. One of the earliest to be
joined was the Linnean Society, of which he was a Fellow. He
was elected a member of the Natural History Society of Glasgow
on 13th September, 1881, and a Fellow of the Botanical Society
of Edinburgh on 11th February, 1886. He was a member of the
Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and for a
number of years held office on the council of that institution, and
was for a period of three years its president. He was also a
member of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, and a member
of the West of Scotland Marine Biological Association. He was
deeply interested in the movement which resulted in the
establishment of the Marine Biological Station at Millport, and
took an active part in obtaining the funds necessary for its
equipment and maintenance. His personal efforts were instru-
mental in obtaining many valuable gifts, alike from private
IN MEMORIAM. 229
individuals and public institutions. One of the most notable of
these was the collection of Reports of the Challenger Expedition,
now contained in the library at the Millport Station, which has
proved very helpful to students and others in the course of their
biological researches there.
But his sympathies extended over a much wider field than was
embraced in those departments of science which specially
attracted his notice. As an elder and Sabbath-school teacher he
took a prominent part in congregational work, while many
philanthropic objects, both at home and abroad, received his
hearty support.
There is reason for believing that every society and institution
in which Mr. Somerville became actively interested derived
benefit from his keen enthusiasm, clear business insight, unflag-
ging energy, and unfailing perseverance When convinced of
the goodness of a cause which appealed to his sympathies, or the
advantages of a policy which he desired, he was seldom daunted
by difficulties or dismayed by obstacles in the way of its attain-
ment. His personal enthusiasm was itself instrumental in
persuading others to arrive at his own way of thinking; while
those who were frequently brought into contact with him know
how unsparing were his efforts, how voluminous his correspond-
ence, how importunate his appeals, in seeking to further a desired
end. As a Society we must gratefully remember how often such
efforts were successfully made by him on our behalf, and how
largely they have resulted in the attainment of benefits of which
we are now in the enjoyment.
Besides rendering many services as a contributor of specimens
and papers at the meetings of this Society, he occasionally held
office in the Council. He acted as a Vice-President from 1888
till 1891, and in 1899 was elected President for a full term of
three years. During his tenure of office as President, a special
meeting was held on 4th December, 1901. for the purpose of
celebrating the Jubilee of the Society, and its success was in
great measure due to his personal efforts to render the proceedings
worthy of the occasion.
Although, owing to his failing health, a considerable period
had elapsed since his last appearance at the meetings of the
Society, many indications were from time to time received of his
230 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
continued interest in its proceedings and unabated desire for its
welfare,
Mr. Somerville was twice married, and is survived by his
widow, two sons, and four daughters. To them must be accorded
the sympathy of a very wide circle of friends, united together in
mourning the loss of a fellow-worker, counsellor, and companion,
whose memory will be cherished alike for his high attainments
and personal worth.
Auchendrane and its Trees.
By Jonn Renwick.
[Read 25th June, 1907.]
Two hundred years ago, in 1707, the Parliaments of England
and of Scotland were united and became the Parliament of Great
Britain. One of the members of the Scots Parliament who
voted in favour of the Union was John Muir of Blairstoun or
Middle Auchendrane, who represented the burgh of Ayr. He
had been a magistrate of the “auld toun” as early as 1672, was
provost before 1688, and in 1690 was elected provost and com-
missioner of Parliament for the burgh. He was elected the first
representative of the burgh in the new Parliament of Great
Britain, and died in 1709 or 1710 at a great age, “having been
engaged in the trade and public business of Ayr during a period
of nearly 60 years, remarkable for civil commotions and great
events” (Paterson, History of Ayrshire, vol. II., p. 363).
In honour of the Union, John Muir planted in 1707 a row of
‘Norwegian Pines,” now called Silver Firs, which have since
been known in the family as “The Union Trees.” They are six
tall and stately trees, rising to a height of over 100 feet, with a
girth of from 16 ft. 5 in. downwards. Other trees planted
about the same time are a Silver Fir now 110 ft. high, and two
Scots Firs respectively 90 and 92 ft. high, with girths of 10 ft.
5 in. and 11 ft. 6 in. From an old document, Miss Catheart, the
present proprietor of the estate, learns that in 1698 John Muir
sold £300 worth of fine Oaks.
foe 2 ee pe rt ey
dn
rete ss + heer
AUCHENDRANE AND ITS TREES. 931
John Muir’s great grandson, Robert Muir, studied medicine in
London, and graduated as M.D. He was born in 1736, and
apparently on coming of age in 1757 he planted a Silver Fir,
which in memory of him is known as “The Doctor.’ It has
flourished well, its height being over 101 ft., girth 15 ft. and
annual rate of increase in girth (1°22 in.) for whole life greater
than that of any of the other trees.
Dr. Muir was survived by a daughter, Mary, who married
David Cathcart of Alloway, afterwards elevated to the Bench,
under the title of Lord Alloway. During their time many Oaks
were taken away, and many trees planted to replace these. Their
son, Elias Cathcart, graduated as LL.D. in the university of
Leyden in 1815, was married to Miss Dunlop in 1818, succeeded
to the property in 1829 on the death of his father, sold Alloway
in 1830, and in the same year, “under the old name of Auchen-
draine, united his estate of Blairstoun, with the adjoining barony
of Auchendraine which he acquired from the parliamentary trustees
of Sir James Fergusson of Kilkerran” (Paterson, Hist. Ayrshire).
This barony had been disponed by Hugh Mure of Auchendrane
in 1741 to Sir James Fergusson, second baronet of Kilkerran,
Hugh Mure was a descendant of the ‘“‘ Grey Man of Auchendrane.”
Elias Cathcart had a family of two sons and three daughters,
of whom the only survivor is the eldest daughter, the present
proprietor of the estate, Miss Jane A. Cathcart.*
At the time of her marriage, Mrs. Elias Cathcart, or Miss
Dunlop, planted a Birch on the Jawn in front of the house. In
looking over some old letters last year, Miss Cathcart discovered
that the Birch had been brought, with other rare plants, in the
year 1818, from Booth’s gardens in Hamburg, as “The cut-leaf
Weeping Birch.” It exhibits the pendulous habit to a slight
degree, but only in some of the young leaves does it show any
traces of cut leaves. It is now probably the finest tree of the
species in Scotland, and nearly the largest. It has a height of
67 feet, spread of 60 feet. girth 10 feet 84 inches, bole 13 feet.
Another tree that seems to be one of the best of its kind in
the United Kingdom is a Western Arbor Vitae, JVhuya
occidentalis, L. In the first volume of Zhe Trees of Great
*T regret to note that Miss Cathcart died on 25th January, 1909, when
in her eighty-ninth year.—J. R., Jan., 1911.
232 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Britain and Ireland, by H. J. Elwes, F.R.S., and A. Henry,
F.L.S., the former writes (p. 194), “ Zhwya occidentalis never
attains to a considerable size when planted in this country.
There is a specimen at White Knights, near Reading, of great
age. which is now dying at the top. According to the gardener
there, it has not made any growth for the last thirty-five years.
It measured in 1904, 41 feet in height by 4 feet in girth. At
Stratton Strawless, Norfolk, there is also a specimen of consider-
able age, remarkable for the pendulous habit of the branches,
which is 35 feet in height. There are more large specimens at
Belton Park than at any other place I know in England, the
largest I have measured being 41 feet by 3 feet 9 inches. Henry,
however, in 1904 measured one at Arley Castle as tall, which
divides into three stems near the ground, where it measures
7 feet 6 inches in girth At Auchendrane, Ayrshire, Renwick
measured a tree in 1902,—which, according to a specimen
procured by him in 1906, was Thuwya occidentalis,—as 42 feet high,
by 6 feet 8 inches in girth, with a bole of 12 feet.”
Another remarkable tree is the True Service-tree, or Sorb, Pyrus
Sorbus, Gaertn., or P. domestica, Ehr. It has a height of
57 ft., a girth of 5 ft. 7 ins., with a bole of 9 ft. The forester
has not observed it in fruit. Unfortunately the description of
this species by Messrs. Elwes and Henry was printed before I sent
a specimen. They give no measurements for Scotland, but it is
likely that the Auchendrane tree is equal to any in this country.
They say that the largest now living in the United Kingdom
seems to be one in Co. Kilkenny, 77 ft. high by 10 ft. 8 in. in
girth ; that Loudon mentions a tree in Dorsetshire 82 ft. high,
diameter 3 ft. 4 in. (= girth 10 ft. 6 in.), which, if a true Sorb,
must have been the largest on record, but it has long been dead.
They record several in England, such as one at Wetherby 65 ft.
high by 9 ft. girth, and one at Arley Castle 55 ft. high by 7 ft.
4 in. girth. The tree at Arley Castle was a seedling from the single
specimen which grew in a remote part of Wyre Forest in Worcester-
shire, on whose existence as a native the species was admitted to
the British Flora. This tree in Wyre Forest was mentioned in the
Philosophical Transactions as far back as 1678. It was burnt down
in 1862 by a fire kindled at its base by a vagrant. The species is
not now considered as a native. (Elwes and Henry, Vol. I. p. 147.)
AUCHENDRANE AND ITS TREES. 233
Still another good tree is a specimen of the Golden Birch,
Betula lutea, Micheux, 57 ft. high, bole 15 ft., girth 5 ft. 25 in.
Dr. A. Henry, F.L.S., to whom I am indebted for the name, states
that it is a remarkably fine one for the British Isles. It agrees
with an excellent specimen at Tortworth, but has smaller leaves.
The leaves have a peculiar white or pale colour beneath, which
does not occur in any Kew trees of the species. The taste of the
bark of the young branchlets is peculiar and exactly that of B. lutea.
In addition to those already mentioned, and those contained in
the appended table of measurements, the following trees and
shrubs have been observed, and quite likely others exist which
have not been noticed :—
Tulip Tree, - : - - Liriodendron Tulipifera, L.
Three-petaled is Soy - Magnolia tripetala, L.
Spindle-tree, . - Euonymus europeus, L.
Norway Maple, - - - Acer platanoides, L.
Ohio Buck-eye, or Smooth-
leaved Horse Chestnut, - sculus glabra, Willd.
Red Horse Chestnut, - - _ carnea, Hayne.
Mahaleb,_ - - - - Prunus Mahaleb, Mill.
Goat’s Beard, - - - Spirea Aruncus, L.
Willow-leaved Pyrus, - - Pyrus salicifolia, L.
Cockspur, - - - - Crategus Crus-galli, L.
Hawthorn, - - - - hs Oxyacantha, L.
Que with ‘ witches’ broom ”—a somewhat uncommon occurrence.
Curly-leaved Ash, = - Fraxinus eacelsior, L., var. crispa
Smooth Elm, - : - Ulmus glabra, Mill.
Fringe-leaved Alder, - - Alnus glutinosa, Gaertn., var.
laciniata.
Cut-leaved Hornbeam, - - Carpinus Betulus, L., var. inceisa.
Red Oak, - - - Quercus rubra, L.
Silvery Oak, - - = » pedunculata, Ehr., var.
variegata.
Copper Beech, - - - Fagus sylvatica, L., var. cuprea.
Oriental Plane, - - - Platanus orientalis, L.
Wellingtonia, = - - - Sequoia gigantea, Decaisne.
Some time ago Mr. William Kelso of Ayr gave me a list of
“a few of the more uncommon plants found near Auchendrane.”
234 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
It includes Ranunculus auricomus, L., which Mr. John Smith
(Botany of Ayrshire, p. 7) states has been recorded for Monkton
by Mr. Duncan, and for Craigie by Mr. Borland, but he
himself has not seen it in Ayrshire; Wuphar lutewm, Sm. ;
Nymphea alba, L.; Agrimonia HLupatoria, L.; Chrysosplenium
alternifolium, L., recorded by Mr. Smith for only three parishes,
Kilbirnie, Dalry, Loudoun ; Adowa Moschatellina, L.; Solanwm
Dulecamara, L.; Salix fragilis, L.; Neottia Nidus-avis, L.;
Allium ursinum, L.; Asplenium Trichomanes, L.; Scolopendrium
vulgare, L.; Polypodium Dryopteris, L. (= Phegopteris Dryopteris,
Fée) ; also Symphoricarpus racemosus, Mx.
Auchendrane has something still to show on the bonnie holms
and banks of Doon!
MEASUREMENTS OF TREES AT AUCHENDRANE.
Supplementary to Table in 7’ransactions, Vol. VII. (N.S.), p. 270.
SPECIES, Dat. GintH. AT Bouin. HEIGHT.
Tilia platyphyllos, Scop. var. Tena oqme | in
aspleniifolia ; Cut-leaved
Lime Tree, - - - July, 07 2112 3 9 42
Acer wplatanoides, L. var.
laciniatum; Eagle’s-claw
Maple, - - : ae » & oa 5 i As
Pyrus Sorbus, Gaertn.; True
Service Tree, - - Sahm, “ay Ge tw yy
Prunus serotina, Loi.; Ameri-
can Gean, - - =U Vand, | Oa Sig ase 3 42
Prunus Mahaleb, Mill., =hept.. 5.9 jib, 3. 220
Betula lutea, Mx.; Yellow
Bireh,_ - - - ty, yD 2h. To. ee
Ulmus glabra, Mill. ; Elm (not
“ Zelkowa crenata” as in
table loc. cit.), - - - July, 49 COgl0k 5 iy obo
Fagus sylvatica, L. ; Beech,
to west of house, - = Sept, ,; LO 71 5, 25 Sie
Tnruya occidentalis, L.;
Western Arbor Vite, - June, , 6103 5 12 42*
* Height in 1902,
RO a
NOTES ON RICHARDSON’S SKUA. 235
SPECIES. DATE. GirtH. AT Bown. HEIGHT.
; : Ree we ae oe
Thuya plicata, Don (gigantea,
Nut.) ; Giant Thuya, = dune, 207, 25 2 i
Abies pectinata, DC. ; Silver
Her, +: Non» 1 of. The
Union Trees,” planted
NY Ae : - - July, , 16 5} 5 — 104
Do., on stable path, April, 06 12 23 5 — —
Pseudotsuga Douglasi, Carr ;
Douglas Fir, - = re Pn » 29 103 5 — —
Picea excelsa, L.; Spruce, - July, 07 5114 5 — —
Cedrus atlantica, Manetti ;
Atlas Cedar, - - - 5 24 5 — 60
Pinus sylvestris, L.; Scots Fir,
in flower garden, planted
LOT, +) = - = he? te coke le ee See
Larix europea, DC.; Larch,
near bridge, - - - June, 07 8 28 5 — —
* Height in 1902.
Notes on Richardson’s Skua (Stercorarius crepidatus, Gm.).
By Rozertr W. 8. Wi1son.
[Read 28rd June, 1908.]
Ricuarpson’s Skua belongs to the small group of parasitic gulls,
of which we have four species in this country, namely, the Great
Skua (Megalestris catarrhactes, L.), Pomatorhine Skua (Stercorarvus
pomatorhinus, Temminck), Richardson’s Skua (S. crepidatus,
Gmelin), and the Long-tailed Skua (8. parasiticus, L.), the
first and third being nesting species here. Richardson’s Skua is
the most abundant of the genus, nesting in plenty on the Orkney
and Shetland Islands, and more sparingly on the Hebrides and
in some parts of the North of Scotland. In the Clyde Area, it
occurs in spring and autumn in most years. At Fairlie I have
observed it from the beginning of August till November.
236 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
It is a bird of rather curious habits. When intent on feeding,
it may be seen flving about, watching the Common Gulls and
Kittiwakes in their attempts to catch fish, Whenever one of
the latter manages to secure a fish, the Skua immediately gives
chase, and buffets the poor bird with such violence as to compel
it to drop the fish, which the Skua catches before it reaches
the water. ;
On 4th June, 1904, when on the Island of Yell in the
Shetlands, I had for the first time an opportunity of seeing this
species inland. We were walking over to West Sandwick at the
time, and on catching sight of the bird we at once followed it,
and found it perched on a mossy knoll. It then flew away, and
disappeared behind a distant ridge. Having followed it, we
came upon the pair of birds on a patch of flat mossy ground
behind the ridge where the first Skua had disappeared. They
speedily showed by their actions that they had a nest close at
hand, as they began to swoop at us, always making the attack
from behind. When we approached more closely, the birds
alighted on the ground, sat on their tails, and propelled
themselves along the surface by flapping their wings, as though
they had been wounded and were unable to fly. We soon found
the nest, which was but a slight hollow scooped in the moss, and
lined with a few bits of grass. It contained two eggs.
Next day we visited a colony of these birds. This was in a
wild stretch of country, studded with lochs, in the north part of
the island. They were not nesting close together, but each pair
had a patch of ground reserved for themselves; and whenever
this area was intruded upon by either a gull or another skua, the
occupants gave battle, attacking the intruder with such force as
to cause feathers to fly. The impact of the two birds’ bodies
meeting in mid-air was quite perceptible to the ear. Their notes,
which they constantly uttered, resembled the mewing of a cat.
They had two distinct types of plumage, one with light throat
and breast, and the other sooty all over. A pair of Great Skuas
had also taken up their quarters in this locality, and it was
interesting to observe the different manner in which the two
species showed their resentment of our intrusion in their haunts.
The Great Skuas always made a frontal attack, sweeping down
from a height and coming at the intruder in a horizontal
ON TWO NEW FORMS OF CAREX. 237
direction, at a height just sufficient to clear his head. The
velocity of the swoop being very great, and the “swish” of the
wings growing louder as the birds approached, made one
involuntarily duck the head to avoid their onslaught. On the
other hand, the attack of Richardson’s Skua generally came from
behind, or sometimes from the side, but never from the front.
It was made by the birds dipping down in a vertical direction
from a height of from fifteen to twenty yards, but they never
actually touched us, as their larger and bolder relatives some-
times did.
On Two New Forms of Carex.
By Perer Ewine, F.LS.
[Read 23rd June, 1908.]
CaREX SAXATILIS Linn., forma GLOMERATA mihi.
Despite the number of described forms of Carex saxatilis L.,
I wish to direct attention to another which is so distinct as to be
well worthy of special recognition. It occurs on Ben Lawers
and Beinn Heasgarnich, and has all along been apparently over-
looked as a small form of C. atrata L., to which in facies it closely
approaches, as may be seen from the following description :—
Rootstock shortly creeping, with light-brown and bright-
purple coloured sheaths, the barren shoot and the following
year’s barren shoot curved upwards from the base. Leaves
narrow, strict, slightly keeled, revolute, with angular points,
edges rough, shorter than the stems. Stems stout, 20-30 cm.
high, bluntly triangular, scarcely rough at the top. Spikes
3-4, bluntly ovate-oblong, upper spikelet very shortly
stalked, next sessile at its base, next shortly stalked, lowest
on a long stalk, terminal spike may be all male or all female
or partly both, and stamens are often seen on the other
spikes. Lower bract leaf-like, not sheathing. Glumes
lanceolate, acuminate, dark-purple with a lighter tip, midrib
slender, only visible on some of the glumes. Perigynia
yellowish at the base, purple above, broadly ovate, slightly
inflated, veinless except at sides, neck and bifid beak distinct,
stigmas two.
258 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
This form has a good deal in common with C. atrata, but the
influence of that species is questionable. As with all other
deviations from the type, it is difficult to find a plant so fully
developed in all its parts as to enable all questions of affinity to
be definitely settled.
C. saxatinis Linn., forma INTERMEDIA mihi.
This form should come under C. vesicaria L., as it seems inter-
mediate between C. Grahami Boott, and C. saxatilis L., but
differs from the former in being 15-30 em. high, not growing
cespitose, and having leaves much shorter and flatter ; from the
latter it differs in having 1-3 female spikelets, the lower one
cylindrical on a long hair-like peduncle and hanging when
mature ; lower glumes longer and upper as long as the perigynia,
subulate, blackish-brown with a light-coloured midrib and white
tip, perigynia as in C. Grahami but darker coloured, stigmas
three, style not so geniculate as in the type.
This is the form which the artist had before him when he HS
plate 1684, and also the perigynia at the foot of the plate, in the
drd edition of English Botany.
In the young state, dried plants of this are so like small
plants of C. Grahami that they are liable to be confused with it ;
in fact, there are a few specimens mixed with the small form of
C. Grahami in the Royal Herbarium at Edinburgh.
Some authors regard this as the form alpigena Fr., thereby
causing the difficulty experienced in trying to diagnose that form.
Only on one of the Breadalbane mountains does this occur at
all plentifully, and there it grows in company with C. saxatilis
and C. Grahami, being to all appearance a hybrid between these
forms, of which C. Grahami is the male parent,
Reports on Excursions.*
Datry to Farrum, 15th September, 1906.—Mr. D. A. Boyd
reported that this excursion, which was arranged jointly with
the West Kilbride Natural History and Archeological Society,
took place during very unfavourable weather, and the attendance
was accordingly small. Having met at Dalry railway station,
* The Lists of Mosses, Hepatics, and Microfungi noted at Excursions in
1907 and 1908 have been incorporated as a Supplementary Report
(see p. 263).
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 239
the party visited the old manse, which is situated near the centre
of the town, close to the churchyard, and dates from the seven-
teenth century. In the neighbourhood of Dalry were observed
Polygonum Bistorta, L.; Hygrophorus calyptreformis, B. & Br. ;
Marssonia populi, Lib., on leaves of Populus; and Ovularia
spheroidea, Sacc., on leaves of Lotus uliginosus, Schkuhr. ; with
various other plants. During the descent towards Fairlie,
beautiful views were obtained of the shores and islands of the
Firth of Clyde; but the wet condition of the long herbage
interfered with botanical pursuits.
HawkHeEap, 29th September, 1906; and Torrance (East
Kilbride), 13th October, 1906.—Mr. R. B. Johnstone, conductor,
Messrs. Johnstone and Boyd reported that these excursions were
arranged jointly with the Andersonian Naturalists’ Society, and
took the form of Fungus Forays. The attendance on both
occasions was satisfactory. At Hawkhead the species noted did
not include any which are worthy of special mention, but at
Torrance numerous interesting forms were obtained. Among
the Hymenomycetes, the most notable species observed in the
latter locality were MWycena pterigena, Fr., M. capillaris (Schum.)
Fr, Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.) Fr., Lactarius pallidus, Fr., and
Poria sanguinolenta (A. & 8.) Fr. The Microfungi found at
Torrance included Ciboria luteovirescens (Rob.) Sace., which grew
on dead petioles of Acer Pseudo-platanus ; Cyathicula coronata
(Bull.) De Not., on a dead herb-stem ; Ascobolus vinosus, Berk.,
on rabbit-dung ; Zorula ovalispora, Berk., on dead wood ; &c.
Sourn Burr, Ist April, 1907.—Mr. John Robertson, conductor,
This excursion took place in favourable weather, and was attended
by eighteen members and friends. After landing at Kilchattan
Pier, the party proceeded behind the village to the road which
passes through Suidhe Plantation, and visited the Standing
Stones in Blackpark Plantation. These consist of three upright
blocks, of the history of which nothing authentic is known.
Returning to the road, the party walked by Largizean and Lubas
to the seashore at Dunagoil Bay. All clambered to the top of
Dunagoil (‘the fort of the stranger”), a boss of trap rock which
marks an ancient headland, and has several sea-worn caves at its
240 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
base. Dunagoil was a vitrified fort, of which part of a wall still
remains. Whether the vitrification was merely accidental, caused
by strong wind blowing up from the sea so as to occasion fierce
combustion with great heat, or whether it was produced inten-
tionally, is a subject upon which authorities do not seem to be
agreed. After having rested and enjoyed the beautiful view
obtainable from the fort, the party proceeded to St. Blane’s
Chapel, also known as Kilblain and Kingarth. This is a ruin of
uncertain age, which nestles in a delightful and sheltered hollow,
The style of architecture is mainly Norman, with some early
Gothic windows. The Norman portion, however, seems to cover
a building of an earlier date, while the Gothic windows mark a
third style, of date still later than the Norman. The Rev. Dr.
Hewison, in his book entitléd Bute in the Olden Time, considers
that the original edifice. which is still the framework of the
present building, was erected under the supervision of St. Blane,
who died about the year 630. From the chapel the hill-path
over the flank of Suidhe Chatain was followed. This hill is
517 feet high, and from its summit a series of magnificent views
present themselves in every direction. From no other coign of
vantage can so fine a prospect of the Arran mountains be obtained.
The list of Birds observed in the course of the day was not a
long one, but some members of the party, who had been down at
Kilchattan Bay over the week-end, had noted 635 species—a
record which at that early season could hardly be excelled
elsewhere in the Clyde Area. Only a few of the early Flowering-
plants were seen in bloom.
Among the Microfungi noted were Pseudophacidium callune,
Karst., and Coniothyrium Boydeanum, A. L. Smith. The former
was added to the British List from specimens discovered at West
Kilbride, Ayrshire, in March, 1892,* and the latter was described
as new to science from specimens obtained in that district in
October, 1899.¢ So far as can be ascertained, no additional
British records of these species have as yet been reported, and they
accordingly form interesting additions to the fungus flora of Bute.
* Journal of Botany, May, 1898; Transactions of the British Mycological
Society, 1897-98, p. 73.
+ Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, 1900, p. 423, pl. 3, fig. 3;
Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc., 1899-1900.
a i li
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REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 241
Locuwinnocu, 13th April, 1907.—Mr. Charles Scott, conductor.
During tine weather a party of about thirty, consisting of
members of this and the Andersonian Naturalists’ Societies,
visited the south-east side of Castle Semple Loch, between Loch-
side and Howwood railway stations. Few Flowering-plants were
observed in bloom, and these were all common species. Fifty-
two species and varieties of Mosses were noted.
CaLpDERWoop GLEN, 27th April, 1907.—Mr. John Middleton,
B.Se., conductor. This excursion was arranged jointly with the
Hamilton and District Field Club and the Uddingston Literary
Society. The rendezvous was Calderwood Estate, near High
Blantyre, which was visited by permission kindly granted by the
Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society, into whose hands the
property has recently passed. The party proceeded through
beautiful sylvan paths to tue castle, where they were joined by
Mr. Thomson, estate manager, who gave an account of the
historical facts and legendary traditions connected with the glen.
Among the plants observed were several specimens of Toothwort
(Lathrea squamaria, L.) in fine flower, and Chrysosplenium
alternifolium, L., which was found in considerable abundance.
Under the leadership of Mr. John R. Lee, some of the party
explored the glen in search of Mosses, of which several interesting
species were obtained.
CarTLAND Cracs, 18th May, 1907.—Mr. John Paterson,
conductor, reported that this excursion took place during favour-
able weather, and was attended by eighteen members and friends.
Cartland Crags is classic ground for Clydesdale naturalists, and
has often been visited by the Society. On this occasion attention
was chiefly directed to two aspects of the life of the region, viz.,
its ornithology and botany. Cleghorn Woods and Cartland Crags
present almost unrivalled opportunities for observing sylvan bird-
life. There are two rookeries of moderate size in Cleghorn
Woods, while the steep banks and cliffs afford shelter to many
Jackdaws. The stream yields the Dipper and Grey Wagtail,
and here, also, the Chaffinch as flycatcher is a prominent feature.
While most of our sylvan summer visitors were common enough,
it was observed that the Garden Warbler was neither seen nor
heard. As this species had been found to be quite common on
242 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW,
previous visits, the explanation of its apparent absence was
perhaps the somewhat ungenial conditions obtaining at the time
of the excursion. A Roe-Deer was seen in Cleghorn Woods.
Mr. D. A. Boyd reported that specimens of Trichoniscus
pusillus, Brandt, one of the terrestrial Isopoda, and Zomocerus
tridentiferus, Tullb., one of the Collembola, were observed under
rotten wood in moist places. Most of the rarer plants recorded
at former visits to the district were again observed. Among the
Mosses obtained were specimens of Hypnum Schreberi, Willd.,
with capsules. Thirty-five species of Fungi were noted, among
which were Polystictus radiatus, Fr., found on dead branches of
Alnus glutinosa; P. abietinus, Fr., on a dead trunk of Pinus
sylvestris; and Grandinia granulosa, Fr., on dead wood. The
Microfungi are included in a separate report.
Locn Rippon, 23rd May, 1907.—Mr. Alexander Ross,
conductor, reported that probably the threatening nature of the
weather had accounted for the small number—four in all —who
took part in this excursion ; but the smallness of the company in
no way detracted from enjoyment of the beautiful scenery for
which the district is famed. From Colintraive for about a mile
and a-half on both sides of the road are plantations of young
trees, mainly oak, the varying colours of whose opening foliage
make a fine picture. Further on, birch is the prevailing species.
Just where the road turns up Loch Riddon, the highest elevation
in this part is attained. A splendid view of the Kyles of Bute
is here obtainable. Right below, and stretching southward, are
the narrows, where the water makes its way between low-lying
and dangerous-looking islands. Extending northward, in all its
grandeur, is Loch Riddon, a narrow gulf shut in by rugged and
precipitous mountains. Attention was directed to a small and
inconspicuous island, Eilein Dheirrig, or Eilein Dubh, situated
near the mouth of the loch, which recalls the unsuccessful
rebellion of 1685, and the part played therein by Archibald,
ninth Earl of Argyll.
At the head of the loch, and towards the roadway on the
west side, are some fine specimens of Beech and Fir.
Ormidale was reached in time to allow of the exploration of
Craig Burn, which tumbles down a rugged, rock-strewn course.
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 243
Some of the boulders in the bed of the stream were completely
clad with the Filmy-Fern, Hymenophyllwm unilaterale, Bory.
Forty-one species of Birds were noted, ten of these being
summer visitors. The song of the Willow Wren accompanied
the party during the whole journey. Less common, but still
frequent, was the tremulous “shiver” of the Wood Wren, while
the call of the Cuckoo was occasionally heard. Near Colintraive
the Spotted Flycatcher was seen, and shortly afterwards the
Wheatear. The Whinchat was frequent towards the head of the
loch, where also the Tree-Pipit was noted in the trees. The
Dipper was seen hurrying up a small stream, while Common
Sandpipers frequented the River Ruel, and were also seen along
the shore. About half-way up the loch, the monotonous call of
the Chiff-chaff was listened to for some time. Standing on some
mud-flats, in the midst of Oyster-catchers and one or two Curlews,
were no less than seven Common Herons. As no heronries have
been reported to exist on Loch Riddon, it would be interesting
to know from what quarter these birds had come One pair of
Shell-ducks, and several Red-breasted Mergansers, were the only
representatives of the duck tribe observed. A Slow-worm
(Anguis fragilis, Linn.) was captured at the head of the loch.
Entomologically the day was almost barren, probably owing
to high wind and want of sunshine. At the head of the loch a
brief interval of sunshine brought out several insects, among
which were a specimen of Bombylius major, L., an uncommon
species in the Clyde district, also Melanostoma mellinwm, L
Rhingia campestris, Mg., and a species of Anthomyia.
Tipulidze were scarce, the species netted being Dixa maculata,
Mg., Ptychoptera albimana, F., Limnobia nubeculosa, Mg.,
Dicranomyia chorea, Mg., Rhypholophus nodulosus, Meq., Empeda
nubila, Schum., Hrioptera tenionota, Mg., Limnophila aperta,
Ver., Amalopsis immaculata, Mg., and Tipula plumbea, F.
During the excursion many Flowering-plants were observed, but
none sufficiently rare to call for special mention. Reference may
be made, however, to the beauty of the masses of Marsh-marigolds
and the abundance of Primroses. Lobaria pulmonaria (L.)
Hoffm., a large foliaceous Lichen, grew luxuriantly on many of
the trees. Highteen Mosses and six Hepatics were noted by
Mr. John R. Lee, and are separately reported on.
I
”
244 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
AUCHANS AND DuNDOoNALD, lst June, 1907.—Mr. D. A. Boyd
reported that, owing to the unpromising state of the weather,
the attendance, so far as this Society is concerned, was very
small. The party travelled by rail to Drybridge. where they
were joined by several members of the Irvine Ramblers’ Field
Club. They then walked to Auchans, where some time was
spent in exploring the finely-wooded grounds and visiting the old
castle. The latter is now uninhabited, and is fast falling into
a state of decay and ruin. It was for some years the residence
of Susanna, Countess of Eglinton, where, in 1773, she was visited
by Dr. Samuel Johnson after his return from his tour through
the Hebrides, as has been duly chronicled by his biographer,
Boswell, who has given an interesting account of the interview
between the countess and her distinguished guest. From
Auchans the party proceeded through the woods to Dundonald
Castle, and afterwards had tea in the village before dispersing.
Among the plants observed in the course of the afternoon were
Anemone nemorosa, L., Ranunculus bulbosus, L., Cardamine
amara, L., Sawifraga granulata, L., Coniwm maculatum, L.,
Veronica montana, L., Listera ovata, R. Br., Arwm maculatum, L.,
and Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr. Several Mosses and
numerous Microfungi were also noted.
AUCHENDRANE, 15th June, 1907.—Mr. John Renwick, con-
ductor, reported that a small party of this Society, consisting of
eleven members and friends, visited Auchendrane to examine the
trees and plants growing there. They were courteously enter-
tained by their fellow member, Miss Cathcart. The afternoon
was wet, with dry intervals. Many of the largest and most
interesting trees were measured,* and a number of photographs
were taken. In the woods the Bird’s-nest Orchis (Veotia Nidus-
avis, Rich.) was very plentiful, and the Cuckoo-pint (Arum °
maculatum, L.) was frequent. The former is recorded by Mr.
John Smith, in his Botany of Ayrshire, for only six parishes, and
the latter for only four. Neither species is recorded for Maybole
parish, in which Auchendrane is situated. In 1896, Mr. R.
M‘Kay and Mr. Renwick found WNeottia in Culzean policies, thus
* For Historical Notes on Auchendrane, and Measurements of Trees,
&e., see page 230,
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 245
adding another parish (Kirkoswald) to those for which the plant
is recorded in Mr. Smith’s list. The Twayblade (Listera ovata,
R. Br.) was in great abundance. Mr. P. Ewing, F.LS., dis-
covered an unusual grass which he identified as Poa Chaixii,
Vill. Miss Cathcart stated that it originally came from
Switzerland, and that her great-grandfather, Robert Muir,
accompanied by his gardener, spent a year gathering plants
in that country.
MonkLAND AND Woopnatt, 22nd June, 1907.—Mr. A. B.
Motherwell, conductor, As a joint-excursion with the Airdrie
and Coatbridge Naturalists’ Societies, this was attended by a
party numbering twenty-six, ten of whom were members of this
Society. The weather conditions were not very favourable,
owing to a severe thunderstorm, with heavy showers of rain and
hail, passing over the district.
As its name implies, the estate of Monkland formed part of
the possessions of the monks of the Abbey of Newbattle, in Mid-
lothian, to whom the land now comprehended in the Parishes of
Old Monkland and New Monkland was conveyed by King
Malcolm IV. in the year 1160. The royal charter is still extant,
and conveys the land, with “the woods, mosses, muirs, and
meadows thereto belonging.” From this we infer that the land
was then uncultivated and entirely pastoral. The monks, how-
ever, soon brought it under cultivation, and erected at Drum-
pellier, in the Parish of Old Monkland, a large grange for storing
their grain. They also formed a road for cattle and wheeled
vehicles from Newbattle Abbey to Drumpellier, which continued
to be the high road from Airdrie to Edinburgh until the present
turnpike road was made about the year 1791. Portions of the
old road can still be seen. Monkland House is in the Scotch
Baronial style of architecture. It was erected about the year
1650, and is now the property of Baron Elphinstone of
Elphinstone.
With reference to the origin of the name Woodhall, it may be
remarked that although the woods surrounding the ruined hall
are neither very extensive nor old, there is reason to believe that
at the time when the Monklands were conveyed by King Malcolm
to the monastery of Newbattle considerable portions of the
246 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
original Caledonian Forest still remained. It is recorded that
the monks made large quantities of waggons and agricultural
implements from the oak and other wood of their lands in Clydes-
dale. The estate of Woodhall formerly belonged to Campbell of
Islay, and is now possessed by Mr. Alexander Whitelaw of
Gartshore. The mansion house, which was a handsome and
commodious building, was destroyed by fire about fifty years ago.
It is situated in the parish of Bothwell, being separated from the
parishes of Old and New Monkland by the North Calder Water.
Various species of Isopod Crustacea were observed by Mr. D.
A. Boyd, including Asellus aquaticus (L.), Trichoniscus pusillus,
Brandt, Oniscws asellus, L., Porcellio scaber, Latr., and Cylisticus
convexus (De Geer). Memastoma lugubre (O. F. Miill.), and
Notonecta glauca, L., were also noted, as well as numerous species
of Mollusca, identified by Mr. Robert Godfrey. The latter
included Arion ater (L.), A. cireumscriptus, Johnst., A. hortensis,
Fér., A. minimus, Sim.; Limaa, one immature specimen, probably
of L. maximus, L.; Agriolimax agrestis (L.), A. levis (Miill.),
Vitrina pellucida (Miill.), Hyalinia cellaria (Mill.), H. alliarva
(Mill.), Z. erystallina (Miill.), HZ. /ulva (Miill.), Helix rotundata,
Miill., Cochlicopa lubrica (Miull.); Limnea stagnalis (L.), intro-
duced and flourishing ; and Pisidiwm sp? on caddis-fly cases.
Mr. Motherwell submitted a list of Flowering-plants, &c. The
most notable species were Geranium sylvaticum, L., Hippwris
vulgaris, L., Serophularia Ehriarti, Stev., Polygouwm Bistorta, L.,
Rumex Hydrolapathum, Huds., Briza media, L., and Ophioglossum
vulgatum, L. Amongst the trees, fine specimens of the Yellow-
flowered Horse-chestnut (Msculus flava, Ait. [= Pavia flava,
Mench]) and Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus, L.) attracted the
attention of the party.
Various Microfungi were also noted and are mentioned in the
Supplementary Report.
Datry, 29th June, 1907.—Mr. Archibald Shanks. conductor.
This excursion was arranged jointly with the West Kilbride
Natural History and Archeological Society, and took place
during very fine weather. The party walked to Hyndog Glen,
where some time was spent in observing the zoological, botanical,
and geological features of the Rye Valley. In the course of the
—— = ~~
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 247
afternoon, 34 species of Birds were noted by Mr. William Rennie.
These included the Song Thrush, Blackbird, Redbreast, White-
throat, Garden Warbler, Willow Wren, Wood Wren, Sedge
Warbler, Hedge Sparrow, Long-tailed Titmouse, Great Titmouse,
Blue Titmouse, Wren, Pied Wagtail, Yellow Wagtail, Meadow
Pipit, Swallow, House Martin, Sand Martin, Greenfinch, House
Sparrow, Chaffinch, Yellow Bunting, Starling, - Rook, Skylark,
Cuckoo, Ring-dove, Corn-crake, Lapwing, Common Sandpiper,
Redshank, Curlew, and Black-headed Gull.
Specimens of Cheiridiwm museorum (Leach), a “ False-scorpion”
new to the Clyde Area, were obtained at Tofts Meal Mill, Dalry,
by Mr. Robert Godfrey, who also devoted some attention to the
Mollusea occurring in Hyndog Glen. The species observed by
him numbered 19, and included Arion ater (L.), A. hortensis,
Fér., A. minimus, Sim., A. cirewmscriptus, Johnst., Limax
marginatus (Miill.), Agriolimax agrestis (L.), Vitrina pellucida,
Miull., Zyalinia alliaria (Mill.), H. nitidula (Drap.), H. erystallina
(Miull.), Helia rotundata, Miull., H. nemoralis, L., H. arbustorwm,
L., H. hispida, L., H. caperata, Mont., Pupa cylindracea (Da
Costa), Balea perversa (L.), Clausilia perversa (Pult.), and
Ancylus fluviatilis, Mill.
On the way to and from the glen several interesting plants
were noted. These included a white-flowered form of Geranium
Robertianum, L., observed at Broadlie; Mimulus luteus, L., at
Ryetield ; Scirpus sylvaticus, L., at the Public Park; and Bromus
sterilis, L., in the neighbourhood of Dalry railway station. In
Hyndog Glen were found Cardamine amara, L., Chrysosplenium
alternijolium, L., Saxifraga hypnoides, L., Geranium sylvaticum,
L., Lastrea Oreopteris, Presl.; Aspidium aculeatum, Sw., var.
lobatum, Presl.; Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh., Aspleniwm Tri-
chomanes, L., &c. Some very thick stems of Ivy (/edera Helix,
L.) were seen, one of which measured two feet in girth.
Finuayston, 10th August, 1907.—Mr. Thomas Anderson,
conductor. This excursion was attended by eleven members, who
proceeded from Langbank railway station to the eastern gate of
Finlayston policies, where they were met by one of the gardeners.
Some very fine trees were pointed out, measurements of which
were noted by Messrs. John Renwick and Richard M‘Kay.
248 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Particular mention may be made of the ‘John Knox” Yew-tree,
which was removed from the wall of the mansion seven years ago
and replanted some little distance to the west. It is still ina
healthy condition, A very large Turkey Oak (Quercus Cerris, L.)
grows to the west of the house. Although somewhat damaged
through the loss of a large limb, it is quite healthy, and showed
a good increase in girth since last measurement was taken. A
very large Spanish Chestnut (Castanea sativa, Mill., var. hetero-
phylia), situated to the east of the house, attracted attention on
account of the terminal leaves being almost linear in form.
There is a park called ‘“ Paradise” to the east of the house,
containing three Yew-trees of great age and size. The famous
avenue of Lime-trees was also inspected. At Finlayston House
the party were met vy the proprietor, Mr. G. J. Kidston, who
kindly entertained them with refreshments, and afterwards
conducted them through the gardens and greenhouses, and invited
them to inspect the mansion itself. A fine collection of ancient
weapons and armour in the hall was much admired.
Finlayston is of some historic interest. It was long the chief
residence of the Earls of Glencairn, having passed by marriage,
about the end of the fourteenth century, to Sir William
Cuninghame of Kilmaurs, ancestor of that noble family. It
continued in their possession until the death of John, the fifteenth
and last Earl, in 1796, when the estate devolved upon Mr. Robert
Graham of Gartmore. Over thirty-five years ago it was bought
by Colonel Buchanan of Drumpellier, and is now the property of
Mr, Kidston. The mansion has been much altered from time to
time, but the main part is between 400 and 500 years old.
Two Earls of Glencairn are worthy of special notice as
connected with the literary history of our country.
Alexander, the fifth, who is often referred to as “the good
Earl,” succeeded to the estate in 1547 and died in the year 1574.
He was among the first of the Scottish nobility to embrace the
principles of the Reformation. In 1556 John Knox dispensed
the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper to this Earl, his family, and
some friends, at Finlayston, under the venerable Yew-tree already
referred to. An old chronicler states that ‘‘There were no cups
of the proper sort for holding the sacramental wine, and in the
emergency the hollow soles of two silver candle-sticks were used.
ile dpe in
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 249
These interesting relics were lent for use in the Parish Church of
Kilmacolm as long as the Glencairn family remained at Finlayston,
and were much esteemed on account of their antiquity and
history. When the family left in 1796 the Countess presented
four copper cups gilt to the Parish Church, and took the
venerated candle-sticks with her.”
James, fourteenth Earl, was born in 1749, succeeded his father
in 1775, and died at Falmouth in 1791, when in the 42nd year
of his age. He deserves to be kept in remembrance as the friend
and benefactor of our Scottish bard, Robert Burns.
No flowering-plants of special interest were observed, but
several species of Microfungi were noted by Mr. D. A. Boyd.
Mr. John Renwick has submitted the following report on
measurements of trees at Finlayston, with notes of previous
measurements :— ;
Fraxinus Ornus, L.
Aug., 1907—Girth 5 ft. 3} in. at 2 ft. ; bole 5 ft.
Ulmus montana, With.
Dec., 1899—Girth 13 ft. 1} in at 5 ft.; bole 8 ft.:
height 83 ft.
Aug., 1907—Girth 13 ft. 3} ins. at 5 ft.; rate of increase
in girth 2 =°26 in.
Quercus Cerris, L.
May, 1889—Girth 11 ft. 7 in. ; spread 96 ft.
Oct., 1893—Girth 11 ft. 9 in. at 3 ft. 4 in. ; bole 10 ft.
Dec., 1899—Girth 12 ft. 2 in. at 3 ft. 4 in.; height 58 ft. ;
spread 974 ft.; rate of increase in girth }=°83 in.
Aug., 1907—13 ft. 2 in. at 3 ft. 4 in.; rate of increase
92 oh shoe
p= 155 in.
Castanea sativa, Mill., var. heterophylla.
Aug., 1907—Girth 10 ft. 8 in. at 5 ft; bole 18 ft.;
height 67 it.
Fagus sylvatica, L.
Dec., 1899—Girth 12 ft. 4 in. at 5 ft.; bole 30 ft.
Aug., 1907—Girth 12 ft. 6 in. at 5 ft.; rate of increase
Cro Mane
Tats 6 in,
250 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Taxus baccata, L.—Three Yews in “ Paradise.”
Western tree—-Female.
Oct., 1893—Girth 9 ft. 1 in. at 1 ft. 6 in.; bole 4 ft.
Dec., 1899—Girth 9 ft. 3} in. at 1 ft. 6 in.; height 38 ft. ;
rate of increase 225 = °37 in.
6°1
Aug., 1907—Girth 9 ft 54 in. at 1 ft. 6 in.; rate of
3 2 3X0) Ta
increase eae ae
i335 ="‘os In.
Eastern tree— Male.
Oct., 1893—Girth 8 ft. 10? in. at 2 ft. ; bole 4 ft.
Dec., 1899—Girth 9 ft. 3} in. at 2 ft.; rate of increase
ae ( E
Lina f
Aug., 1907—Girth 9 ft. 7$ in. at 2 ft.; rate of
; | ais = ‘52 in.
increase bes :
MS = 63 in
Southern tree—Male.
Oct., 1893—Girth 8 ft. at 1 ft. 9 in.
Dec., 1899—Girth 8 ft. 11 in. at 1 ft. 9 in.; rate of
increase = 24 in,
Aug., 1907—Girth 8 ft. 5 in. at 1 ft. 9 in.; rate of
: ae “45 in.
increase as
be" 30. il:
15°85
Cedrus Libani, Barrel.
May, 1889—Girth 7 ft. 9 in. at ground (narrowest).
Dec., 1899—Girth 8 ft. 6} in. at ground; height 46 ft. ;
spread 474 ft.; rate of increase 23 =-91 in,
Aug., 1907—Girth 9 ft. 3 in. at ground; rate of
: | S25 =1:06 in.
increase ;
ren
The Turkey Oak (Quercus Cerris) is the largest we know of in
the West of Scotland, and probably the largest in Scotland.
Dr. A. Henry, F.L.8., who is now Reader in Forestry in
Cambridge University, knows of none so good in Scotland, and
very few larger in England, where there are specimens up to
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 251
15 ft. in girth and 100 ft. in height. The variety heterophylla
of Castanea sativa appears to be rare on a big tree as a sport.
This is the first specimen we have met with. It was also new to
Mr. Whitton, and to Mr. Goldring, the landscape gardener who
has designed the alterations in the grounds at Finlayston.
GiEN Dovenas, 24th August, 1907.—Mr. Archibald Park,
conductor.—This excursion, which was arranged jointly with the
Geological Society of Glasgow, took place during favourable
weather, and was attended by a party of thirty, ten of whom
were members of this society. By special arrangement, the
party were allowed to leave the train at Glen Douglas Passing-
place, so as to obtain ready access to the head of the valley.
Glen Douglas is supposed to have existed as a very old river
valley prior to the formation of Loch Long and Loch Lomond.
It is believed that at that period the water-shed was further
west than in more recent times, and that the river had its course
through Coilessan Glen to Glen Douglas and onward to the
Forth. At a later period the valley was deepened by ice-action,
as is evidenced by the moraines visible in the glen. Subsequent
to the ice age, a barrier to the course of the river was created by
deposits of moraine matter, which were probably carried down
from the valley on the north side of the glen at Invergroin. A
small loch was thus formed, which was afterwards drained as the
river gradually cut its way through the obstruction, and the glen
assumed its present form. The prevailing rock is mica-schist.
No granite is seen i situ; a large boulder visible in the glen
appears to have been carried by ice from the hills between Glen
Falloch and Glen Fyne. A scar on the face of the cliffs on
Tullich Hill, on the north side of Glen Douglas, and a
considerable heap of debris near the foot of the hill, bear evidence
to a land-slip which has occurred subsequent to the ice period.*
The Mosses and Microfungi observed in the glen were reported
on by Messrs. John R. Lee and D. A. Boyd respectively.
MontGReENAN, 21st September, 1907; Crarcenps, 5th
October, 1907; and Erskine, 12th October, 1907.—Mr. R. B.
Johnstone, conductor.
*(See Zrunsactions Nat. Hist. Soc. of Glasgow, v. 283.)
252 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
These three excursions took the form of Fungus Forays, and
Were arranged jointly with the Andersonian Naturalists’ Society.
The attendance at Montgreenan was 13, and at Craigends 21.
In submitting a report on the Hymenomycetes and Gastro-
mycetes observed at. Montgreenan and Craigends, Mr. Johnstone
stated that the display of fungi in both places was remarkably
poor; and this remark applied also to other places not only in
Scotland but in England. The unfavourable weather conditions
which prevailed during the summer were no doubt responsible for
this. Mr. Johnstone’s list enumerated 66 species, whereof 26 were
found at Montgreenan, 24 at Craigends, and 16 in both localities,
The most notable species observed at Montgreenan were Mycena
capillaris, Fr., Omphalia fibula, Bull., Plewrotus porrigens, Pers.,
Pholiota spectabilis, Fr., Lactarius torminosus, Fr., Cantharellus
tubeformis, Fr., Thelephora anthocephala, Fr. ; and at Craigends,
L'richoloma resplendens, Fr., Plewrotus mitis, Pers., Nolanea
prsciodora, Ces., Flammula sapinea, Fr., Solenia anomala, Fr.,
and Spherobolus stellatus, Tode.
The Microfungi noted at Montgreenan, Craigends, and Erskine,
are separately reported on.
Dunure, 30th September, 1907.—Mr. John Smith, con-
ductor.— Attention was mainly directed to the rocks along the
shore. At one part of the coast where the cliffs are high and
perpendicular, a large colony of Swallows built their nests last
summer. On 20th July, the birds were very lively, and
apparently feeding their young ; but at the date of the excursion
all was silent, the swallows having migrated to a warmer climate.
The nests, however, were still visible in abundance, and it would
be difficult to find anywhere a more suitable place for them.
With the exception of a few common species, nearly all the
plants seen were out of flower. In their season, however, various
interesting species occur at Dunure, such as Scilla verna, Huds.
(which reaches here its northern limit on the Ayrshire coast),
Geranium sanguineum, L., Trifolium arvense, L., 7. striatum, L
Sedum roseum, Scop., Lupatoriwm cannabinum, L., &e.
Catprr Gren (Locuwixyocn), 11th April, 1908.—Mr. John R.
Lee, Conductor.—This excursion was held jointly with the
Andersonian Naturalists’ Society. The total attendance was
—
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 253
sixteen, six of whom were members of both societies. In the glen
the left bank of the Calder was followed to a point a little below
the waterfall. The return was made by the road to Lochwinnoch,
and some of the party afterwards visited the shores of Castle-
Semple Loch.
Owing to the backwardness of the season, Flowering-plants were
not conspicuous ; but as the glen is a rich one for Mosses, the
botanist members of the party found plenty of material for the
study of bryology. Most time was spent in an examination of
the moss-covered banks and rocks along the edge of the old mill-
lade in the lower part of the glen, as, owing to the cloudy sky,
the more densely-wooded portions further up the glen were
enveloped in semi-darkness.
With regard to ornithology, Mr. ltoss reported that 34 species
of Birds were noted, inclusive of those seen on Castle-Semple
Loch. No summer visitors were among the species observed.
The Fieldfare was seen near the head of the glen; about
the marshy ground at the side of the loch many Meadow Pipits
were in song ; while in the water were the Mallard, Teal, Widgeon,
Pochard. and Tufted Duck. A small flock of Golden Plovers
were seen to fly over the loch, uttering their call.
Reports on the Mosses and Hepatics of the glen were submitted
by Mr. Lee, and on the Microfungi by Mr. Boyd.
Arran, 20th April, 1908.—Mr. J. W. Reoch, conductor.—This
excursion was arranged jointly with the Geological Society of
Glasgow, and attended by a party of nineteen. From Brodick
Pier the direction taken was eastward along the Corriegills Shore
to Clauchland Point, thence up the ridge of the Clauchland Hills
via Dun Fionn and Dun Dubh, and thence back to Brodick by
road.
The old sea-beach is a marked feature on this part of the coast,
as it also is around nearly the whole circumference of the island.
Here it forms a broad platform backed by cliffs inland. The
pools on the foreshore teem with life, and the botany of the
marshy platform and the cliffs behind is rich.
The sedimentary rocks exposed along the shore are alternating
sandstones and conglomerates of Lower Triassic age, with a
general southerly dip, and they afford throughout the entire route
254 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
excellent sections for geological study. Faults are seen to traverse
the rocky platform in all directions, and varying in throw from a
fraction of an inch to hundreds of feet. Fine examples of current
bedding are to be seen both on the shore and the cliff section.
The rocky platform is also, intersected by very numerous dykes
and by sills of igneous rocks, as many as sixty dykes having been
counted between Brodick and Clauchland Point. Many travelled
boulders strew the beach, more especially boulders of granite,
which have evidently been borne by the agency of ice from the
area of the intrusive granite of the interior of the island. One
of these, near Corriegills, is of enormous size, and its weight has
been estimated at over two hundred tons. The bay at Corriegills
is crowded with these boulders, and this would appear to be the
spot where the ice which bore them from their home in the
neighbourhood of Goatfell, had finally melted and left them
stranded. Further on, upon the shore beneath Dun Fionn, and
associated with a sill of felsite, occurs a vein of pitchstone
exhibiting a beautiful spherulitic structure. The red sandstone
on the shore here weathers very prettily into honey-comb-like
forms, slabs of which are often used for decorative purposes in
the gardens of neighbouring cottages, nature’s handiwork thus
being recognised in preference to artful ornament. On a higher
horizon on the north face of Dun Fionn there occurs a large sill
of pitchstone—the so-called “bottle rock” of the natives—which
has been intruded among the sedimentary rocks. The ridge of
the Clauchland Hills, here some 600 ft. above the shore, is
capped by a sill of dolerite showing rude columnar structure, and
the beach below is strewn with huge masses of the columns which
have fallen from the cliffs above. The dolerite runs out to sea
near Clauchland Point, and its junction with the sandstone is well
shown on the beach. The sandstone has been much indurated at
the point of contact, and changed into a quartzite. An easy
ascent westward along the ridge of the Clauchland Hills brought
the party to Dun Fionn, from which was obtained a most imposing
view, extending from the mountains of the Western Highlands
to the southern extremity of the Ayrshire coast.
Mr. D. A. Boyd spent some time in exploring the woods and
cliffs along the shore between Invercloy and Corriegills, where he
noted thirty-six species of Microfungi. Amongst these were
SS SO
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 255
several rare or notable forms, such as Puccinia umbilici, Guép.,
Ephelina prunelle, Phil., Stictis stellata, Wallr., Orbilia marina
(Phil.), &e.
Campsie Guen, 9th May, 1908.—Mr. Alexander Ross, con-
ductor.—This excursion was taken part in by thirteen members
and friends. From Lennoxtown Railway Station the party
proceeded along the “Crow Road,” which winds upward from
the base of the Campsie Hills and passes onward across the
moorlands towards Fintry. Favourable atmospheric conditions
enabled the beauty of the landscape to be fully appreciated.
Vegetation was found to be somewhat backward for the time of
year, but on the way a number of common plants in flower were
noted. Amongst the boulders near ‘‘Wright’s Well,” an
unsuccessful search was made for the Parsley Fern, formerly
reported to occur at that place. From the bridge across the
Glazert, some distance above the falls, the party descended the
glen. The flowering-plants seen in bloom were not numerous ;
and amongst those observed the most prominent were the Wood-
Anemone, Marsh Marigold, Opposite-leaved Golden-Saxifrage,
Wood Sorrel, Ground Ivy, Dog’s Mercury, and Great Hairy
Wood-rush. The flowers of the Elm, catkins of the Hazel, and
opening foliage of the trees, imparted an element of freshness
and beauty to the wooded banks of the stream. At the bottom
of the glen, attention was directed to some fine Beech trees,
which, according to tradition, were planted to commemorate the
Union of the Scottish and English Crowns in 1603.
Birds were not numerous, although twenty-eight species were
seen. A pair of Grey-Wagtails were observed in the glen, and a
good view of a Dipper was obtained while the bird sat on a
boulder in the middle of the stream. Only three summer
migrants—the Willow Wren, Swallow, and Common Sandpiper—
were seen ; and one of the party, who had visited the glen earlier
in the day, heard the note of the Cuckoo.
Numerous Microfungi were noted, of which the most important
were several fully-developed ascophores of Sclerotinia baccarum,
Rehm, never before observed in that condition in Britain.
BaLMAHA TO RowarDENNAN, 21st May, 1908.—Mr. James
Pottie, conductor.
256 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
This excursion was arranged jointly with the Andersonian
Naturalists’ Society, and took place during very favourable
weather. The attendance numbered thirty-two.
The party travelled by rail from Glasgow to Balloch Pier, and
by steamer on Loch Lomond from Balloch to Balmaha. On
emerging from the Pass of Balmaha and proceeding downhill,
beautiful glimpses were obtained of the sparkling waters of the loch
bordered with softest green ; while far ahead towered Ben Lomond
and other lofty mountains, some of which still showed traces of
wintry cold in the snow which lay in their gullies. The walk along
the side of the loch towards Rowardennan was greatly enjoyed
It was reported by Mr. Alexander Ross that thirty-seven
species of Birds had been observed, of which eleven were summer
migrants. A short distance from Balmaha, several Redstarts
were seen flitting about among the branches of trees near the
roadway. The Cuckoo was both heard and seen; the Willow
Wren was frequently noticed during the course of the walk ; and
the “shivering” notes of the Wood Wren were occasionally
listened to. The Spotted Flycatcher was observed at intervals,
and a pair appeared to be nesting in a hole in an ash-tree at
Tigh-an-Laoigh. Tree-Pipits were common, and the Common
Sandpiper was seen on the margin of the loch.
Reptiles were represented by an Adder, about eighteen inches
in length, which would not wait for an interview, but darted
into a clump of withered bracken, where it was lost to vision; and
by the Common Newt, which was observed in a pool near
Rowardennan Hotel.
Mr. Ross also reported that a considerable number of Diptera
had been taken, of which the Tipulidz alone had as yet been
identified. Insects of this group, however, were disappointingly
scarce. The only species met with in abundance was Amalopsis
immaculata, Mg., while of Tipula oleracea, L., usually a very
common species, one specimen only was seen. Among other
species netted were Limnobia nubeculosa, Mg., Dicranomyia
chorea, Mg., Empeda nubila, Schum., Goniomyia sp. (a dark
species), Hrioptera trivialis, Mg., Idioptera pulchella, Mg., and
Amalopsis unicolor, Schum.
Kighty-two species of Flowering-plants were noted, but none
of these calls for special mention. Of the Mosses observed
—
fod
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 257
by Mr. J. R. Lee, the most notable species was BLrywm
roseum, Schreb.
Among the Alge noted by Mr. George Lunam, reference may
be made to Batrachospermum moniliforme, Roth, which was so
abundant as to cover many of the rocks in the streams. and to
Draparnaldia plumosa, Vauch., D. glomerata, Ag., and Tetraspor
gelatinosa, Desy., which were also plentiful.
Fungi were investigated by Mr. R. B. Johnstone, who obtained
a few of the larger forms, including Coprinus plicatilis, Fr.,
Polyporus squamosus, Fr., Mitrula phalloides (Bull.) Chev., &e.
Braipwoop To TILLIETUDLEM, 6th June, 1908.—Mr. John
Robertson, conductor. In brilliant weather six members pro-
ceeded by rail to Braidwood Station. The route taken was down
alongside Fiddler Gill, and through the orchards to Crossford,
where a halt was made for tea. The road by the Nethan was
afterwards followed to Craignethan Castle and Tiilietudlem
railway station.
As time only permitted a pleasant ramble, little of note was
observed. Only four birds’ nests—two Blackbirds and two White-
throats—were seen. The Mistle Thrush was heard in full song.
This was a point of some interest, as the conductor had never
before heard the spring notes of that bird so late as the 6th
of June.
Among Flowering-plants, mention may be made of Paris
quadrifolia, L., and Neottia Nidus-avis, Rich., both seen in
Fiddler Gill; and of Ranunculus bulbosus, L., Cheiranthus Cheiri,
L., and Arum maculatum, L., observed at Craignethan Castle.
RosyeatH, 27th June, 1908.—Report by Mr. John Renwick.
Tn the little glen near the pier, patches of Heart-leaved Valerian
(Valeriana pyrenaica, L.) and Orpine (Sedwm Telephium, L.) were
seen. The grounds of the Clachan House were visited, to see the
famous triple avenue of Yews, Limes, &c. The largest Yew
(Taxus baccata, L.), a female, has a bole of 10 feet, and a girth of
12 ft. 2 in. at 2 ft. 6 in. up, showing an increase in girth since
1895 of 9} in., an average of about {45 in. yearly, which is a
considerable growth for a Yew-tree. The largest Lime (Zilia
vulyaris, Hayne) has a bole of 9 ft., and a girth of 14 ft. 3} in.
258 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
at 4 ft. 6 in.; but this is not all solid trunk, as there is a
projecting pillar or buttress. The best Sweet Chestnut (Castanea
sativa, Mill.) has a bole of 30 ft, and girths 13 ft. 10 in. at
5 ft. 9 in, showing an increase of 11 in. since 1895, an average
of ‘Sin. yearly. Another Chestnut, nearly as fine, has been cut
down since 1903. It then measured 13 ft. 2 in. at 5 ft.; bole
30 ft. At the south end of the avenue, and on the side of the
Clachan Burn, is a good Sycamore (Acer Pseudo-platanus, L.),
with a bole of 12 ft., and a girth of 13 ft. 114 in. at 4 ft. 9 in.
The house at the Kirkton of Rosneath is said to have been
built, and the avenue planted, by the Hon. John Campbeil of
Mamore, second son of the 9th Earl of Argvll. If so, the Yews
at least are about 200 years old. The house, which had become
somewhat dilapidated, has recently been renovated that it may
be let. There is a tradition that a monastery once existed on
this spot.
The celebrated Silver Firs (Abies pectinata, DC.) at Camsail
were next visited. They are supposed to be the largest in Great
Britain. One girths 22 ft. 44 in. at 4 ft. 6 in. and has a
height of 118 ft.; the other is 21 ft. 9} in. at 4 ft. 6 in., height
123 ft. These girth measurements are each taken at the .
narrowest part of the trunk, and represent good solid wood, so far
as can been seen. At any other point within reach, a consider-
ably larger girth would be obtained. Neither of the trees has
increased much recently, and their best days would seem to be
past. Comparing them with the Silver Firs of known age at
Auchendrane, one would conjecture that these trees are at least
270 years old. On the path leading to these giants are a number
of Silver Firs, two of which were found to girth 15 ft. 11 in. and
14 ft. 63 in. at 5 ft.—very good trees, but seeming only infants in
comparison with the venerable ‘‘ Adam” and ‘“ Eve.” The
grounds of Rosneath Castle are well wooded, and show good
specimens of Beech, Scots Fir, &c.
The Castle was built in 1803, shortly after the destruction
by fire of the older mansion, which was situated near the shore.
The Castle of Rosneath is believed to have existed as a royal
fortress before the end of the twelfth century, and to have been
destroyed by Wallace some time about 1297. Tradition has it
that he was on one occasion closely pursued by his enemies here.
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 259
and only &scaped by jumping over the old sea-cliff, about 30 feet
high. His horse was killed, but he got safely off, and swam
across the Gareloch to Cairndhu Point. The spot is still known
as ‘ Wallace’s Leap,” and, if any one doubts the story, he can go
and see it!
About a mile from the Castle is the Heronry, but time did
not permit of its being visited.
It is well known that Sir Walter Scott, in the Heart of
Midlothian, called Rosneath an island, and has often been
laughed at for doing so; but Joseph Irving and other writers
state that in common parlance it is described as “the island.”
The parish up till 1643 included a large part of the present
parish of Row, and was called ‘“‘the parochin within and without
the isle.” The lands of Mamore, Mambeg, and Fernicarry
passed in 1545 from Colquhoun of Luss to James Campbell of
Ardkinglass, who sold them in 1568 to the Earl of Argyll. In
the protocol relating to the latter transactions it is written,
“and that becaus the said earl seized the said James and his
heirs male in the lands of Litilros, . . . . in the lands of
Mekill Rois, and lands of Portkill . . . . lyingin the island
of Roisneth, with the office of bailiary of the whole island of
Roisneth.” Therefore, instead of Sir Walter showing ignorance,
he may have shown local knowledge exceeding that of his critics !
The spelling of the place-name varies, as was the custom in
olden days. In this protocol it is “ Roisneth ;” in the Register of
Passelet (Paisley) it is ‘ Neueth,” ‘‘Neyt,” ‘ Rosneth,” and
“ Rusnith ;” and in the Cartulariam de Levenax it is “ Reynt”
and “Rosneth.” But it is never ‘“ Roseneath,” which is quite
modern and evidently erroneous. The first syllable has nothing
to do with roses, but is the Gaelic “Ross,” a point; and the
name may mean “the bare or unwooded promontory,” or “the
promontory of the Virgin,” or “the promontory of the sanctuary,”
from the tradition that there was an early church situated here
dedicated to the Virgin.
Ben Vorticnu (Dumbartonshire), 18th July, 1908.—Report by
Mr. John R. Lee. This was a joint-excursion with the
Andersonian Naturalists’ Society, and was attended by a party
of six. Owing to the unforeseen and unavoidable absence of the
K
260 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
appointed leader (Mr. R. B. Johnstone), the programme for the
day was not fully carried out. Two members of the party had
travelled to Arrochar on the previous evening (Friday), and
ascended the slope of Ben Narnain for some distance before
nightfall, continuing at dayhreak the journey up the gully
between Ben Narnain and Ben Arthur, and thence to the summit
of Ben Ime. They then descended the north-eastern side of the
mountain, and followed the stream flowing eastward to the Allt-
Coiregrogain, which latter burn was then followed to its junction
with the Inveruglas Water. The two members then ascended Ben
Vorlich from that point, and kept along the ridge northwards to
the summit, which was reached about 2.30 p.m. No sign of the
other members of the party being visible, the descent was made
towards Ardlui, where the other four were found to have arrived,
having just descended from the summit of the “ Little Hill,” one
of the eastern outliers of Ben Vorlich. After tea in Ardlui
Hotel, the party returned by rail to the city.
The plants found on Ben Ime included Cerastiwm alpinum, L.,
Saxifraga hypnoides, L., S. oppositifolia, L., and Luzula spicata,
DC., while those observed on Ben Vorlich included Juncus
triglumis, L., and J. trifidus, L. On Ben Vorlich a search was
made for Cornus suecica, L., previously found on that mountain,
but no specimen was observed on this occasion.
DouGaLston AND Barpowin, 22nd August, 1908.—-Mr. John
Renwick, conductor.
Dougalston policies, now visited for the third time by the
Society, are situated within a mile of the town of Milngavie, and
lie in that portion of the parish of East or New Kilpatrick which
at one time formed part of Stirlingshire but has now been
transferred to Dumbartonshire. The estate formerly belonged
to a family of Grahams of the Montrose line ; but it was sold in
1767 to John Glassford, an eminent Glasgow merchant, after
whom Glassford Street was named, and in whose mansion of
Shawfield Prince Charlie held his court during his flying visit to
our city in 1745, Mr. Glassford is mentioned by Smollet in
Humphrey Clinker. His tombstone may be seen and read from
the street at the south-west corner of the Ramshorn (St. David's)
Churchyard. The estate was sold nearly forty years ago, when
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 261
it was purchased by Mr. Robert Ker, merchant in Glasgow,
father of the present proprietor, Mr. T. R. Ker, who erected the
existing mansion.
To the north of the house is a pretty piece of woodland, in which
were noticed, among others, some varieties of Acer; a beautiful
Birch, 65 ft. in height, and 4 ft. 63 in. in girth at 5 ft. up; and
a specimen of Cotoneaster frigida, Wall., a sub-evergreen - tree,
which Mr. Whitton states is proving an excellent town-tree, and
has been planted freely in Ruchill Park.
The fine Beech near the house appears to be in good condition.
Its girth at 4 ft. is 17 ft. 8 in., showing an increase of 9 in. since
1893; average ‘57 in. per annum. At 6 ft. 8 in. up, clear of
the swell of the roots, it is 16 ft. 4} in.; increase 10} in;
average ‘66 in. The growth between 1893 and 1900 appears
to have been greater than that between 1900 and 1908. It isa
well-grown park-tree with a good spread of branches: 39 ft. to
S., 503 ft. to N.=89} ft. ; 414 ft. to E., 453 ft. to W. = 87.
A Yew tree behind the house has a girth of 12 ft 3 in. at the
base; but as the ground may have again been raised since our
first visit, the apparent increase of 7 ins. cannot be taken as all
representing actual growth.
To the south of the house is an Oak 12 ft. in girth at
3 ft. 6 in, showing an increase of 3 in. since 1900 =} in.
per annum.
In the pond called the Lady Loch, Typha latifolia, L., and 7’.
angustifolia, L., were growing ; and among other plants observed
were Lythrum Salicaria, L., Lycopus ewropeus, L., and Epipactis
latifolia, All. ;
Making their way through the fields by the side of the sluggish
burn which flows from Bardowie Loch to Dougalston Loch and
thence to the Allander, the party arrived at the former sheet of
water. It lies in a hollow in the boulder clay. The out-flowing
burn goes through peaty or marshy ground which has no doubt
grown upon the clay. Bardowie Loch has a length of half-a-mile
(2,600 ft.), and a breadth of 1,150 ft. near the foot. Its greatest
depth is stated by Mr. Dron to be 35 ft. Its height above sea-
level is 126 ft., which seems to be a little above the level of the
lake that after the glacial period would occupy the valley of the
Kelvin, before the high ground near Maryhill was cut through by
262 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
the river. The present course of the Kelvin from a little above
Killermont to the Clyde is post-glacial. A buried river-channel
runs by Millichen, Kilmardinny, Garscadden, and Drumry, and is
now filled up with sand, gravel, mud, clay, etc., to a depth in
some places of over 400 ft. This hollow is about 230 ft. below
the present sea-level, and when it was excavated by the old river,
the land would likely stand, relatively to the sea, at least 600 ft.
higher than it does now. The valleys of Loch Long and Loch
Lomond would not then be formed, and the course of the river
would be by Loch Goil and the Gareloch, on to the Forth, to join
the northern extension of the Rhine.
The ground around Bardowie Loch rises rather steeply, and as
nearly half the circuit of the lake is covered with wood, the
scenery is varied and rather attractive. There is an old tower or
castle on the north side of the loch, let to Mr. Anderson, who
kindly gave permission to pass through the grounds attached to
the castle. The estate now belongs to a Glasgow company who
are feuing that part which occupies the slope descending to the
Kelvin. By the kindness of Mr. R. W. Dron, engineer to the
company, a boat was placed at the disposal of the party, a few of
whom had a row on the loch, and obtained specimens of the
White Water-Lily (Castalia speciosa, Salisb.), which grows freely
near the foot of the lake.
On the way to the station recently opened at Bardowie on the
Kelvin Valley Railway, Gold-of-pleasure (Camelina sativa,
Crantz) was found. The low ground, between the station and the
sloping ground forming the edge of the valley, is being filled up
with all sorts of rubbish; and; as there seemed a prospect of
other strangers being found, two members revisited the place a
few weeks later. The characteristic of the vegetation was the
luxurious growth of nearly all the plants. There was still room
for the population ; the struggle with each other for existence
had barely begun. The narrow-leaved Orache (Atriplex
angustifolia, Sm.) grew tall, stout, and spreading; the Wild
Carrot (Daucus Carota, L.) was suggestive of plants in a
vegetable market-garden ; the Slender Tare (Vicia tetrasperma,
Meench) made up for the weakness of its stems by their length
and tangledness, and for the smallness of its flowers and pods by
their number ; Senecio viscosus, L., was in moderate abundance,
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 263
as if the ground was a little too good for it; while the
White Campion (Lychnis alba, Mill.) and Corn Blue-bottle
(Centaurea Cyanus, L.) afforded an occasional and pleasant
change of colour.
As a further supplement to the Society’s excursion, the fine Elm
trees in the churchyard of Baldernock were visited, and their
measurements compared with those obtained in 1893. It was
found that the tree to the east had increased in girth 63 in.,
showing an average of -42 in. per annum; while the tree in the
south-west corner had increased 6 in., =*38 in. per annum. The
measurements are as follows :—
East tree—girth 13 ft. 1 in. at 3 ft. 6 in.; bole 17 ft.;
height in 1899, 83 ft.
- S.-W. tree—girth 13 ft. 9 in. at 4 ft. 10 in.; bole 10 feet ;
height in 1899, 82 ft.
Height above sea-level, 300 ft.
Mr Alexander Ross reports that the Diptera captured at
Bardowie included the following species :—T7'richocera fuscata,
Mg., 7. hiemalis, Deg., 7. regelationis, L., Tipula pagana, Mg.,
Dicranomyia modesta, Mg.. Dixza nebulosa, Mg., Helophilus
pendulus, L, Leptis lineola, F., Ocydromia glabricula, Fln.,
Hylemyia strigosa, Fab., Azelia cilipes, Hal., and Sepsis
cynipsea, L,
Among the Microfungi noted, the most interesting species
was Pseudopeziza alismatis (Phil. & Trail) Sacc., obtained on
leaves of Alisma Plantago-aquatica, L., at the Lady Loch,
Dougalston.
Supplementary Report on Mosses, Hepatics, and
Microfungi observed at Excursions.
AT various Excursions in 1907 and 1908, lists of the Mosses,
Hepatics, and Microfungi seen were carefully compiled. These
have been incorporated in the following Supplementary Report,
264 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
which consists of the lists relating to the Excursions after !
mentioned, viz :—
AYRSHIRE—
J. Auchans and Dundonald, 1st June, 1907 ;
2. Montgreenan, 21st September, 1907 ;
RENFREWSHIRE—
3. Lochwinnoch, 13th April, 1907 ;
. Finlayston, 10th August, 1907 ;
. Craigends, 5th October, 1907 ;
. Erskine, 12th October, 1907 ; }
. Calder Glen (Lochwinnoch), 11th April, 1908 ; >
“1D Oe
LANARKSHIRE—
8. Calderwood Glen, 27th April, 1907 ;
9. Cartland Crags, 18th May, 1907 ;
10. Monkland and Woodhall, 22nd June, 1907 ; :
STIRLINGSHIRE—
11. Campsie Glen, 9th May, 1908 ;
12. Balmaha to Rowardennan, 21st May, 1908 ;
13. Bardowie, 22nd August, 1908 ;
ARGYLLSHIRE—
14. Loch Riddon, 23rd May, 1908 ;
DUMBARTONSHIRE—
15. Glen Douglas, 24th August, 1907 ;
16. Rosneath, 27th June, 1908 ;
17. Dougalston, 22nd August, 1908 ;
BuTrESHIRE—
18. South Bute, 1st April, 1907 ;
19. Arran, 20th April, 1908.
The Mosses observed at Excursions Nos. 1, 4, 9, 16, have been
reported on by Mr. D. A. Boyd; at No. 3, by Mr. Charles Scott ; .
and at Nos. 7, 8, 12, 14, and 15, by Mr. John R. Lee.
The Hepatics observed at Excursions Nos. 7, 8, and 14, have
been reported on by Mr. John R. Lee.
The Microfungi observed at Excursions Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19, have been reported on
by Mr. D. A. Boyd.
:
:
:
:
:
.
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 265
Musc1.
Tetraphis pellucida, Hedw.—14. T. levipila, Schwaeg.—l, 16.
Polytrichum aloides, Hedw.—3,
12.
P. urnigerum, L.—7.
P. piliferum, Schreb.—7, 12.
P, juniperinum, Willd.—3, 12.
P. formosum, Hedw.—8.
P. commune. L.—3, 12.
Ditrichum homomallum, Hampe.
—14.
Ceratodon purpureus, Brid.—3.
Dichodontium pellucidum, Schp.
—3.
Dicranella heteromalla, Schp.
—14,
Dicranoweisia cirrata, Lindb.
—i.
Campylopusflexuosus, Brid.— 14.
C. fragilis, B. & S.—7, 12.
©. atrovirens, De Not.—12.
Dicranum scoparium, Hedw.
=
Leucobryum glaucum, Schp.—7.
Fissidens bryoides, Hedw.—3.7.
F. adiantoides, Hedw.—7.
F. taxifolius, Hedw.—7.
Grimmia apocarpa, Hedw.—3, 7.
v. rivularis, W. & M.—3.
Rhacomitrium aciculare, Brid.
3}.
Rh. protensum, Braun.—14.
Rh. fasciculare, Brid.—3.
Bh. heterostichum, Brid.—7.
Ptychomitrium —_polyphyllum,
Furnr.— 14.
Hedwigia ciliata, Ehrh.—12.
Tortula muralis, Hedw.—3.
T. ruralis, Ehrh.—9.
Barbula rubella, Mitt.—3.
B. rigidula, Mitt.—3.
B. revoluta, Brid.—3.
B. unguiculata, Hedw.—3, 7.
Weisia viridula, Hedw.—3.
W. curvirostris, C.M.—8.
Cinclidotus fontinaloides, P.
Beauv.—3.
Encalypta streptocarpa, Hedw.
—3, 7, 14.
Anectangium compactum,
Schweg.—15.
Zygodon Mougeotii, B. & S.—7.
Z. viridissimus, R. Brown.—1,
14.
Ulota Bruchii, Hornsch.—3.
U. crispa, Brid.—7.
U. phyllantha, Brid.—12, 14.
Orthotrichum leiocarpum, B. &
S.—14, 15.
O. Lyellii, Hook. & Tayl.—12.
O. affine, Schrad.—12.
O. stramineum, Hornsch.—14,
15.
Funariahygrometrica,Sibth.—3.
Aulacomnium palustre, Schweg.
—3, 12.
Bartramia ithyphylla, Brid.—7.
Webera polymorpha, Schp.—15.
W. elongata, Schweg.—15.
Bryum cespiticium, L.—3.
B. capillare, L.—3.
B. roseum, Schreb.—12.
Mnium affine, Bland., v. elatum,
B. & 8.—3.
266
M. cuspidatum, Hedw.—38.
M. rostratum, Schrad.—7, 8.
M. undulatum, L.—3, 7.
M. hornum, L.—3, 7.
M. serratum. Schrad.—15.
M. punctatum, L.—7.
Fontinalis antipyretica, L.—3.
Neckera pumila, Hedw.—16.
N. complanata, Hiibn.—1 (ec.
fr.), 8; 12.
Pterygophyllum lucens, Brid.
—T.
Pterogonium gracile, Swartz.
—12.
Habrodon Notarisii, Schp.—16.
Leskea polycarpa, Ehrh.—3.
Heterocladium heteropterum,
Bae 8.7.
Thuidium tamariscinum. B. &
8.—7.
Climacium dendroides, W. & M.
—=3) (ce: tr:)!
Orthothecium rufescens, B. &8.
= 11h),
Camptothecium
Kindb.—7.
Brachythecium rutabulum, B. &
S.— 3, 7.
B. populeum, B. & S.—7.
sericeum,
B. purum, Dixon.—3.
Hyocomium flagellare, B. & S.
—, 14.
Eurhynchium piliferum.—Bb. &
S.—14.
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
. prelongum, Hobkirk.—3, 7.
. myosuroides, Schp.—14.
. myurum, Dixon.—8,
. Striatum, B. & 8S.—3.
. rusciforme, Milde.—3.
. confertum, Milde.—3.
Plagiothecium elegans, Sull.—3.
P. denticulatum, B. & S.—8, 7.
P. undulatum, B. & S.—38.
Amblystegium serpens, B. & 8.
—3.
A. fluviatile, B. & 8.—3, 4.
A. filicinum, De Not.—12.
Hypnum riparium, L.—s.
. exannulatum, Giimb.—12.
. uncinatum, Hedw.—3, 7, 8.
. commutatum, Hedw.—8.
. cupressiforme, L.—7.
v. resupinatum. Schp.—3.
v. filiforme, Brid.—-3.
. Patientiz, Lindb.—38, 7.
. callichroum. Brid.—14, 15.
. molluscum, Hedw.—14.
. eugyrium, Schp.—l4.
H. cordifolium, Hedw.— 3 (c. fr.).
H. giganteum, Schp.—3.
H. cuspidatum, L.—3, 14.
H. Schreberi, Willd.—3, 7, 9
(eit).
Hylocomium splendens, B. & 8.
—3, 7.
H. brevirostre, B. & 8.—9.
H. squarrosum, B. & 8.—8.
H. triquetrum, B. & 8.—3.
HERES
cee
fo Ad A
HEPATICA.
Conocephalus conicus (L,) Dum.
—T.
Metzgeria furcata (L.) Lindb.
—14.
Oe See ee eee
2 ee aye = =
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 267
M. conjugata, Lindb.—7, 14. Lepidozia Pearsoni,Spruce.— 14.
M. hamata, Lindb.—14. Diplophyllum albicans (L.)
Pellia epiphylla (L.) Dum.—7. Dum.—7.
Aplozia crenulata (Sm.) Dum. Madotheca platyphylla (L.)
—T. Dum.—7.
Saccogyna viticulosa (Sm.) Lejeunea_ cavifolia (Ebrh.)
Dum.—7. Lindb. —7.
Calypogeia trichomanis (L.) Frullania Tamarisci (L.) Dum.
Corda.— 14. —14.
Func.
Synchytrium taraxacii De Bary & Wor.—On Taraxacum
officinale ; 1, 16.
8. mercurialis, Lib.—On Mercurialis perennis; 11, 19.
S. succise, De Bary & Wor.—On Scabiosa succisa ; 15.
Protomyces macrosporus, Ung.—On gopodiwm Podagraria ; 1,
2, 5,10, 11, 16.
P. pachydermus, Thiim.—On Varaxacum officinale ; 5.
Spinellus fusiger (Link) Van Tiegh.—On rotten agarics ; 2.
Cystopus candidus (Pers.) Lév.—On Capsella Bursa-Pastoris; 17.
Plasmopara nivea (Ung.) Schrét.—On gopodium Podagraria ;
1, 2. On Anthriscus sylvestris ; 1, 9.
P. pygmea (Unger) Schriét.—On Anemone nemorosa ; 1, 9.
Peronospora calotheca, De Bary.—On Galiwm Aparine ; 2.
P. ficarie, Tul—On Ranunculus Ficaria ; 9,11. On R. repens ;
11, 16.
P. grisea (Ung.) De Bary.—On Veronica Beccabunga ; 1, 13.
P. alta, Fekl.—On Plantago major ; 1.
Ustilago longissima (Sow.) Tul.—On Glyceria fluitans ; 13.
Tilletia decipiens (Pers.) Winter.—On Agrostis vulgaris ; 17.
Urocystis anemones (Pers.) Winter.—On Ranunculus repens ; 2,
16, 17.
Entyloma Fergussoni (B. & Br.) Plow.—On Myosotis arvensis; 16.
E. ranunculi (Bon.) Winter.—On Ranunculus Ficaria ; 1, 9, 11.
E. microsporum (Ung.) Schrét.—On AR. repens ; 2, 4, 6, 11.
Uromyces limonii (DC.) Winter.—As A8cidium on Armeria
maritima ; 19.
U. polygoni (Pers.) Fcekl— As Uredo on Polygonum aviculare ;
13, Lh
268 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
U. geranii (DC.) Winter.—As Acidium on Geraniwm
sylvaticum ; 9.
U. pox, Rabh.—As AXcidium on Ranunculus Ficaria ; 1, 9.
U. rumicis (Schum.) Winter.—As Uredo on Rumew obtusifolius ;
4,16. On R. Acetosa; 15, 16.
U. alchemille (Pers.) Winter.—On dAlchemilla vulgaris; 1, 3, 9,
LOG, bt.
U. ficarie (Schum.) Winter.—On Ranunculus Ficaria; 1, 7,
9-19:
U. scillarum (Grev.) Winter.—On Scilla festalis ; 9.
Puccinia lapsanze (Schultz) Plow.—On Lapsana communis ; 3, 5.
On Crepis paludosa ; 16.
. violee (Schum.) Winter.—On Viola Rivimiana,; 2, 9.
. menthe, Pers.—As Uredo on Mentha aquatica ; 13.
. sanicule, Grev.—On Sanicula ewropea ; 19.
rubigo-vera (DC.) Winter.— As Uredo on Holcus, &e. ; 13.
poarum, Nielsen.—As Aicidium on Tussilago Farfara; 2, 5,
10, 13.
. obtegens, Tul.—On Cnicus pratensis ; 1, 4.
centauree, Mart.—On Centaurea nigra; 17.
taraxaci, Plow.—As Uredo on Taraxacum officinale ; 9.
. oblongata (Link) Winter.—As Uredo on Luzula maaima ; 6,
7, 9, 16, 18, 19. On ZL. campestris ; 15, 16.
. Baryi (B. & Br.) Winter.—On Brachypodium sylvaticum ; 9.
. egopodii (Schum.) Winter.—On ygopodium Podagraria ; 10.
. umbilici, Guép.—On Cotyledon Umbilicus ; 19.
. bunii (DC.) Winter.—On Conopodium denudatum; 7, 9,
dale
P. glomerata, Grev.—On Senecio vulgaris ; 1, 4.
P. arenarie (Schum.) Winter.—On Arenaria trinervia ; 5.
P. valantiz, Pers.x—On Galiwm saxatile ; 15.
Triphragmium ulmarie (Schum.) Winter.—As Uredo on Spirea
Ulmaria ; 9.
Phragmidium fragariastri (DC.) Schrit.—As Uredo on Potentilla
Fragariastrum ; 9.
Ph. subcorticatum (Schrank) Winter.—On Fosa; 2, 9.
Melampsora hypericorum (DC.) Winter.—<As Uredo on Hypericum
Androsemum ; 16.
M. betulina (Pers.) Winter. —On leaves of betula alba; 7, 19.
Hoe WW
ry td td fD
He at i tp hl ne
.
OO ES TT APOE? pl
ee eee eS a
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS 269
M. circeze (Schum.) Winter.—As Uredo on Circea Lutetiana ;
1:
Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers.) Lév.—On Tussilago Farfara; 5.
C. campanule (Pers.) Winter.—On Campanula rotundifolia ; 15.
C. euphrasie (Schum.) Winter.—On Barisia Odontites ; 2.
Milesia polypodii, B. White.—On Polypodium vulgare ; 19.
Czoma mercurialis (Pers.) Winter.—On Mercurialis perennis ;
Pa
Ascomyces potentille (Farlow) Phil.—On Potentilla T'ormentilla ;
A. Tosquinetii, West.—On leaves of Al/nus glutinosa ; 4.
Lophodermium juniperinum (Fr.) De Not.—On dead leaves of
Juniperus communis ; 18.
Trochila craterium, Fr.—On dead leaves of Hedera Helix; 10,
15, 19.
T. lauro-cerasi (Desm.) Fr.—On dead leaves of Prunus Lauro-
cerasus ; 1, 16.
Stegia ilicis, Fr.—On dead leaves of Jlex Aquifolium; 6,
16, 17.
Pseudopeziza calthe (Phil.) Mass.—On Caltha palustris ; 17.
Ps. repanda (Fr.) Karst.—On Galium sawatile ; 11.
Ps. alismatis (Phil. & Trail) Sace.—On Alisma Plantago-
aquatica ; 17.
Colpoma quercinum, Wallr.—On dead bark of Quercus Robur ; 5.
Dichzna quercina (Pers.) Fr.— Undeveloped state on living bark
of Quercus Robur ; 6.
Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fr.—On fallen leaves of dcer Pseudo-
platanus ; 7,9, 11, 18.
Ephelina prunelle, Phil.—On living Prunella vulgaris ; 19.
Stictis stellata, Wallr.—On dead stems of Hupatorium canna-
binum ; 19.
Pseudophacidium callunz, Karst.—On dead branches of Callwna
vulgaris ; 18.
Heterospheria patella (Tode) Grev.—On dead stem of Angelica
sylvestris ; 9,19. On Heracleum Sphondyliwm ; 11.
Bulgaria polymorpha (Cider) Wett.—On a fallen trunk ; 6.
Orbilia marina (Phil.) Boyd.—On dead fronds of Ascophyllwm
nodosum ; 19
Calloria fusarioides (Berk.) Fr.—On dead stems of Urtica
dioica; 7. ¥
270 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Coryne sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul.—On a fallen trunk ; 6.
Ascobolus furfuraceus, Pers.— On cow-dung ; 6.
Mollisia mercurialis (Fckl.) Sacc.—On dead stems ot Mercurialis
perennis ; 7, 11, 19.
M. petiolaris (A. & S.) Sace.—On dead petioles of Acer Pseudo-
platanus ; 11.
M, rubi (Fr) Karst.—On dead stems of Ruows Ideus ; 19.
M. digitalina, Phil.—On dead stem of Digitalis purpurea ; 19.
Belonidium pruinosum (Jerd.) Mass.—On dead Pyrenomycetes; 2.
Helotium marchantie (Berk.) Fr., var. conocephali, Boyd.—
On thallus of Conocephalus conicus ; 19.
Sclerotinia baccarum, Rehm.—<Ascophores on abortive berries of
Vaccinium Myrtillus ; 11.
Chlorosplenium eruginosum (der) De Not.—Mycelium in
rotten wood ; 9.
Tapesia fusca (Pers.) Fekl.—On dead branches of Calluna
vulgaris ; 19.
Lachnea scutellata (L.) Gill—On a rotten stump ; 6.
Humaria granulata (Bull.) Sacc.—On cow-dung ; 6, 10, 13.
Otidea leporina (Batsch) Fckl.—On the ground ; 2.
Helvella macropus (Pers.) Karst.—On the ground ; 5.
Leotia lubrica, Pers.—On the ground ; 2.
Mitrula phalloides (Bull.) Chev.—In boggy ground ; 14.
Vibrissea truncorum (A. & 8.) Fr.—On dead brauches of Cadluna
vulgaris in a watery place; 15.
V. Guernisaci, Crouan.—On dead branches of Salix awrita
submerged in a stream ; 15.
Podosphera oxyacanthe (DC.) De Bary.— On Crategus
Oxyacantha ; 1, 2, 5.
Erysiphe Martii, Lév.—On Trifolium medium ; 2.
E. cichoracearum, DC.—On Symphytum tuberosum ; 5, 16.
Asterina veronice (Lib.) Cke.—On Veronica officinalis; 7,
9 18:
Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link.—On dead lepidopterous pupe ; 6.
Hypocrea rufa (Pers.) Fr.—On dead wood ; 6.
Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr.—On dead bark ; 5.
N. coccinea (Pers.) Fr —On dead bark of Fagus sylvatica ; 9.
Rhopographus filicinus (Fr.) Fekl.—On dead stems of Péeris
Aquilina ; 19.
EE rrr errst—~—~S~;7; CV
REPORTS ON EXCURSIONS. 271
Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fekl.—On leaves of Dactylis
glomerata ; 19.
Ph. junci (Fr.) Fekl.—On dead culms of Juncus communis; 11, 19.
Ph. trifolii (Pers.) Fekl.—On Trifolium repens ; 6.
Ophiobolus acuminatus (Sow.) Duby.—On dead stems of Cnicus
palustris ; 19.
Leptospheria agnita (Desm.) Ces. & De Not.—On dead stems of
Eupatorium cannabinum ; 19.
L. acuta (Moug.) Karst.—On dead stems of Urtica dioica ; 1, 9,
17, 16,49.
Massaria inquinans (Tode) Fr.—On dead bark of Acer Pseudo-
platanus ; 6.
Diaporthe pulla, Ntke.—On dead branches of Hedera Helia: ; 19.
Venturia myrtilli, Cke——On decaying leaves of Vacciniwm
Myrtillus ; 11.
Gnomonia petiolicola, Fckl.—On dead petioles of Acer Pseudo-
platanus ; 7, 11.
Stigmatea Robertiani, Fr.—On Geranium Robertianum ; 16.
Spherella vaccinii, Cke.—On dead leaves of Vaccinium Myrtillus ;
11.
S. rumicis (Desm.) Cke.—On Rumex obtusifolius ; 16. .
Botryospheria dothidea (Moug. & Fr.) Ces. & De Not.—On living
branches of Rosa canina ; 7.
Lestadia faginea (Awd.) Cke. & Phil.—On fallen leaves of Fagus
sylvatica ; 7, 9, 11, 19.
Xylaria Hypoxylon (L.) Grev.—On stumps ; 4, 5, 6.
Ustulina vulgaris, Tul.—On rotten wood ; 2, 4.
Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr.—On dead branches of Corylus
Avellana; 3, 19.
Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Ntke.—On dead bark of
Fagus sylvatica ; 2.
Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr.—On dead bark of Fagus
sylvatica ; 9.
Phoma pulla, Sace.—On dead branches of Hedera Helix; 19.
Ph. acuta, Fr.—On dead stems of Urtica dioica ; 9, 19,
Asteroma prunell, Purt.—On living leaves of Prunella vulgaris ;
iP 19.
Actinonema rose (Lib.) Fr.—On living leaves of Rosa ; 5.
Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast.—On Uredo oblongata ; 7°16 185 18,
272 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Ceuthospora phacidioides, Grev.—On dead leaves of lex
Aquifolium ; 5, 16.
Coniothyrium Boydeanum, A. L. Smith.—On dead twigs of
Fuchsia; 18.
Septoria stellarize, Rob. & Desm.—On Stellaria media ; 16.
S. podagrarie, Lasch.—On Mgopodium Podagraria ; 16.
S. urtiese, Desm. & Rob.—On Urtica dioica ; 6.
S. stachydis, Rob. & Desm.—On Stachys sylvatica ; 2, 9.
Phleospora aceris (Lib.) Sace.—On leaves of Acer Pseudo-
platanus ; 16, 17.
Leptothyrium alneum (Lév.) Sace.—On leaves of Alnus
glutinosa ; 15.
Melasmia acerina, Lév.—On leaves of Acer Pseudo-platanus ;
6, 1s, 17.
M. punctata, Sace. & Roum.—On leaves of Acer Pseudo-platanus ;
be, 17.
Dinemasporium herbarum, Cke.—On dead stems of Urtica
dioica ; 11.
Gleosporium paradoxum, De Not.—On dead leaves of Hedera
Helan; 15, 19:
G. fagi, Desm. & Rob.—On fallen leaves of Fagus sylvatica ; 7.
Melanconium bicolor, Nees.—On dead bark of Betula alba ;
tekO; 19.
Coryneum disciforme, Kze. & Schm.—On dead bark of Betula
alba; 19.
Steganosporium piriforme (Hoffm.) Corda.—On dead bark of
Acer Pseudo-platanus ; 5, 6, 13, 17.
Oidium erysiphoides, Fr.—On Potentilla Tormentilla ; 15.
O. leucoconium, Desm.—On leaves of Rosa; 4, 16.
Trichoderma lignorum, Tode.—On dead bark and wood ; 5, 17.
Ovularia veronice (Fckl.) Sacc.—On Veronica officinalis ; 16.
QO. bistorte (Fckl.) Sace.—On Polygonum bistorta ; 13, 16.
O. obliqua (Cke.) Oud.—On Rumesx obtusifolius ; 16.
Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link.—On dead bark ; 5, 9.
Didymaria Ungeri, Corda.—On Ranunculus repens ; 16.
Ramularia epilobii (Schn.).—On Zpilobium ; 16.
R. variabilis, Fekl.—On Digitalis purpurea ; 5, 15.
R. calcea, Cés.—On Nepeta Glechoma ; 16.
R. ajuge, Sace.—On Ajuga reptans ; 16.
ee eee
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIRTY. 275
Hormiscium pithyophilum (Wallr.) Sace.—On bark of Jaxus
baccata ; 16.
Fusicladium pirinum, Fekl. — On living leaves of Pyrus
communis ; 10.
Polythrincium trifolii, Kze. & Schm.—On Trifolium repens ; 6.
Cercospora mercurialis, Fekl.—On Mereurialis perennis ; 4.
Coniothecium amentacearum, Corda.—On dead bark of Salix; 15.
Fumago vagans, Pers.—On leaves of evergreens ; 17.
Stilbum tomentosum, Schr.—On Trichia ; 4.
Tubercularia vulgaris, Tode.—On dead bark ; 5, 6, 9.
Cylindrocolla urtice (Pers.) Bon.—On dead stems of Urtica
dioica ; 7, 11, 18.
Proceedings of the Society.
SESSION 1906-1907.
25rH SepreMsBer, 1906.
Mr. J. Ballantyne, Vice-President, in the chair.
The following were elected Ordinary Members, viz. :—Mr. T.
Thornton MacKeith, 19 Howard Street; Mr. Henry John
Rhodes, Ferguslea, Laird Street, Coatbridge; Mr. J. R.
Robertson, Struan, Brownside Road, Cambuslang; and Mr,
W. H. M. Smith, 151 West Princes Street.
A report on an excursion to Glen Douglas and Whistlefield
was read by Mr. John R. Lee (p. 100).
Mr. Lee exhibited a specimen of Sphagnum imbricatum,
Hornsch., from Lewis, and made some remarks descriptive of the
morphological features of the group of Mosses to which it belongs.
Mr. Alexander Ross showed several examples of Fristalis
ceneus, Scopoli, a dipteron apparently unrecorded for the West
of Scotland. These, he stated, had been taken on flowers of
Ragwort (Senecio Jacobea) near the sea-shore on the Island of
Islay.
Dr. Robert Brown exhibited a specimen of Fool’s Parsley
(Hthusa Cynapium, L.), and drew attention to the poisonous
274 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
properties of the plant, and the danger of its being gathered and
used in place of Garden Parsley (Petroselinum sativum, Hoftm.),
to which it bears considerable resemblance.
Mr. Alexander Patience read a paper on ‘Some Crustacea
new to the Clyde Sea and Faunal Areas,” which he illustrated
by means of numerous specimens.
30TH OctoBErR, 1906.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
As this was the Society’s Fifty-fifth Annual Business Meeting,
the usual Reports were submitted.
Membership, Meetings, &c.—The Hon. Secretary (Mr. Alexander
Ross) read the Report of the Councii, which stated that since
last Annual Meeting the names of ten Ordinary and four
Associate Members had been added to the Roll of the Society,
while eight Ordinary and three Associate Members had-resigned
or had their names struck off the list. | Two Corresponding and
three Ordinary Members had been removed by death, these being
respectively the Rev. P. J. Gloag, D.D., Mr. W. Anderson Smith,
Mr. Hugh Brown, Sir Charles Tennant, Bart., and Mr. R. Wilson
Thom. The Membership is now as follows :—
Honorary Members, - - 16
Corresponding Members, - - - 35
Ordinary Members, - - - - =) nl) YS,
Associates, - - - - 13
286
During the Session ten Meetings were held, at which the highest
attendance was 57 and the lowest 25. Eighteen Excursions took
place, one of which was arranged jointly with the Geological
Society of Glasgow, six with the West Kilbride Natural History
and Archeological Society, three with the Andersonian
Naturalists’ Society, and two with the Paisley Naturalists’
Society. Owing to the inability of Mr. P. Ewing, F.L.S., to
attend the meeting of the British Association at York, the
Society was represented by Mr. James Murray, of the Scottish
Lochs Survey,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 275
Finance.—The Hon. Treasurer (Mr. John Renwick) submitted
an audited Statement of Accounts (see page 286), which showed
a balance of £150 5s. 44d. at the credit of the Ordinary Fund,
and £157 10s. at the credit of the Life Members’ Fund.
Library.—The Hon. Librarian (Mr. James Mitchell) submitted
a Report, which stated that the interest of the members in the
Library continued to be well sustained, as was shown by statistics
submitted of the number of volumes borrowed during the year.
The books were all in a satisfactory state.
Transactions.—The Hon. Editor (Mr. John Paterson) reported
on the progress of publication of the material in his hands.
The Reports were all approved and adopted.
Vacancies among the Office-bearers were filled up by the
election of Mr. Robert Garry, B.Sc., as a Vice-President, and
Messrs. John R. Thomson, W. R. Baxter, Keith Buchanan, and
Nicholas G. Reid, as Members of Council.
Messrs. James Jack and Joseph Sommerville were re-appointed
as Auditors.
Mr. James R. Menzies, 6 Woodcroft Terrace, Jordanhill, was
elected an Ordinary Member. ‘
Reports were submitted of Excursions to Milngavie and
Strathblane (p. 100), Perceton, and from Dalry to Fairlie (p. 238).
Mr. T. B. Henderson, M.D.. exhibited a fine specimen of the
Indian Spring-tailed Lizard, Uromastia Harduickii (Gray), one
of the Agamide, and made some remarks descriptive of the
characteristics and affinities of the species.
Mr. David Ligat showed specimens of Black Bryony (Zamus
communis, L.). Red Bryony (Bryonia divica, L.). and various
other plants from Surrey.
Mr. James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, submitted his
“ Meteorological Notes for 1905, and Remarks upon the Weather
during the year, with its General Effects upon Vegetation” (p. 30).
27TH Novemser, 1906,
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
A Report on the Fungus Forays to Hawkhead and Torrance,
compiled by Messrs. R. B. Johnstone and D. A. Boyd, was
submitted (p. 239).
L
276 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Mr. T. B. Henderson, M.D., exhibited specimens of various
Reptilia. These included ZLryx Johnii (Russell), an Indian
Sand-snake, of nocturnal and burrowing habits; a young Boa
constrictor, L., which had been landed amongst bananas and was
found alive in Glasgow, and kept in a living state for some time ;
Chameleon parvilobus, Boulenger, a native of South Africa; and
Chameleon pumilus, Daudin, a native of Cape Colony. The
various specimens were fully described, and attention directed to
their distinctive features.
Mr. Robert W.8. Wilson exhibited a fine example of the Grey
Lag-goose (Anser cinereus, Meyer), which was shot at Dickie’s
Burn, Fairlie, on 13th November. He also showed specimens of
the Grey Plover (Squatarola helvetica, L.), and Golden Plover
(Charadrius pluvialis, L.), also shot at Fairlie, and of the Rough-
legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus, Gmelin), from Langbank.
Mr. J. Ballantyne submitted a List of Plants found on the
Island of Bute (p. 219).
Mr. John Cairns, Jun., read a paper entitled “‘ Notes on the
Maples,” which he illustrated by means of a series of specimens
of the leaves of the various species and varieties.
26TH Dercemper, 1906.
Mr. John Cairns, Jun., Vice-President, in the chair.
Miss K. Graham Allan, 1 Grosvenor Terrace, was elected an
Ordinary Member.
The meeting was devoted to the exhibition of lantern slides
illustrative of various branches of natural history, topography,
&e. Ornitholiogical subjects were dealt with by Messrs. W. R.
Baxter, Charles Kirk, T. Thornton MacKeith, James W. Reoch,
John Robertson, and Hugh W. Wilson, each of whom showed a
fine series of slides representing many species of native Birds,
with their nests, eggs, and young, and depicting some of the
most attractive phases of bird-life. Botany was illustrated by
Messrs. George Herriot, Robert M‘Lean, J. Fleming, W. Goodwin,
and David R. Somerville, whose slides included views of wild
plants in their native habitats, as well as numerous artistic floral
studies, &e. A series submitted by Mr. Robert Garry, B.Sc.,
contained some fine micro-photographs of Fresh-water Algz.
Scottish geology, as illustrated by highland mountains and glens,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 277
formed the subject of a beautiful set of slides shown by Mr.
Reoch ; while various other interesting topographical views were
submitted by Messrs. Herriot, M‘Lean, Somerville, and Wilson.
297H January, 1907.
Mr. J. Ballantyne, Vice-President, in the chair.
Dr. T. Beath Henderson exhibited a specimen of Gecko
verticillatus, Laurens, and described the striking peculiarities
in the structure of the toes, which are characteristic of the
Geckinide. The majority of the species have these organs
dilated into various club forms, in the lower surface of which
are symmetrical plates. These serve as a means of adhesive
progression. He also submitted for exhibition a specimen of
Aristelliger presignis, Hallow, from Jamaica, sent to him by
Mr. Thomas Wishart.
Mr. John Robertson exhibited a number of eggs of the Tree-
Sparrow (Passer montanus, L.) from Bute. He stated that
the species had formerly been considered a rare bird in the
West of Scotland, but he had discovered a small colony of them
recently on the south coast of Bute, and he had no doubt that
they would be found plentifully in other places.
Mr. Robert Henderson showed some specimens of Diptera
from Bute, amongst which were Tabanus sudeticus, Zeller,
T. autumnalis, L., Cyrtoma spuria, Fln., Medeterus apicalis,
Ztt., Chilosia grossa, Fln., Melanophora roralis, L., Hydrotea
albipuncta, Ztt., Drymia hamata, Fin., and Fucellia fucorum,
Fin.
Mr. Alexander Ross, for Mr. John E. Murphy, exhibited
Piezodorus lituratus, Fab., from Bute, which, he stated, had
been captured by Mr. Murphy at Port-Bannatyne on 28th
September last. The species is not included in the List of
Hemiptera contained in the British Association Handbook,
and thus becomes an addition to local records. It is generally
distributed in England and Ireland, and is chiefly found
feeding upon broom and furze. Several other entomological
specimens were also submitted by Mr. Ross.
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., read a paper on ‘‘ Some New or
Little-known Forms of the Genus Carez,’’ and exhibited a
series of illustrative specimens.
278 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
26TH Frsruary, 1907.
The meeting was held in the Laboratory of the Natural
History Department, Glasgow University. Mr. D. A. Boyd,
President, occupied the chair.
In the course of some preliminary remarks, the chairman
referred to the many associations which in past years had
existed between the Professors and Lecturers in the University
and the Natural History Society of Glasgow.
Professor J. Graham Kerr, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., made
some remarks expressive of his views regarding the sphere of
work of Marine Biological Stations, with special reference
to the Millport Marine Station, in the management of which
some differences of opinion as to policy have recently arisen.
When the magnificent natural facilities existing in the Clyde
estuary for the work of such an institution are taken into
account, a splendid future may be regarded as certainly in
store for the Millport Laboratory, if all concerned with its
management can agree to sink minor differences of opinion as
to detail, and so work together as to enable the professed aims
of the Association—the ‘‘ Investigation of the Marine Fauna
and Flora ’’—to be fully realised. Much misconception, how-
ever, appears to have arisen with regard to the meaning of
these words. Reference may therefore be made to the series
of magnificent monographs issued by the Naples Marine
Station, as affording an indication of what a_ biologist
means when he uses such an expression. It is only
possible to specify, in its most general lines, the kind of work
involved in such investigations. It would mean that every
day throughout the year, when circumstances permit, the
steamer should be employed in this work; and that active
collecting would be carried on, and exact observations made
as to time, position, direction of currents, temperature of
water, and various other conditions of environment existing
at the moment. These observations would be carefully recorded
at the time in a detailed log, the entries in which would form
the justification for each day’s work with its corresponding
expenditure. The staff of the station would be kept fully
occupied by their work of collecting, observing, and recording,
as well as by their administrative duties ashore. In regard to
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 279
the identification of species, the help of active workers who
are specialists in particular groups would be looked for and
doubtless accorded.
The encouragement and co-ordination of the work of
local amateur biologists should also be one of the
main functions of an Association such as that at Millport.
It is well known that in Glasgow there are enthusiastic workers
who are doing admirable work, and making important con-
tributions to our knowledge of the local fauna. Such workers
should be able to rely upon receiving every help and encourage-
ment from the Association, and the latter, in turn, should be
able to count on their assistance and loyal co-operation.
While experience has shown how extremely difficult it is to
run an aquarium on merely popular lines without ending in
financial disaster, such an aquarium might be admirably
managed as an adjunct to a scientific laboratory. This may
be instanced by reference to the Naples Marine Station, with
its magnificent show-tanks which form one of the greatest
attractions to visitors to that city. These popular tanks are,
of course, isolated from the portion of the institution reserved
for scientific work, so as to insure that the actual workers
will be free from interference or interruption.
As regards the educational side of such an institution, one
of the first evidences of a Marine Laboratory being a thorough
success will be found in the attraction to it from elsewhere of
persons distinguished in scientific research. This was fre-
quently the case at Millport in earlier days, when distinguished
investigators came to the Firth of Clyde from England and
other countries. Looking to the future, it would doubtless
be in many cases possible to induce such biologists while at
Millport to give short courses of instruction in the special
departments of biological science on which they are authorities.
If all interested in the Association are able to work together,
and help it to make its chief line of activity—that of ‘‘ investi-
gation ’’—a thorough success, they may then, as a natural
consequence, count with every confidence on the development of
its popular and educational functions as well.
Professor Kerr then delivered a lecture on the subject of
““A Naturalist in South America,’ in which he gave an
280 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
account of the main geological features of certain regions of
that country. The first to be described was the region of the
Pampa, or grassy treeless plain, which stretches from Rio de
la Plata to the Andes... It possesses a characteristic surviving
fauna and traces of a wonderfully rich extinct one. A
description was next given of the region of the Gran Chaco,
a great wilderness, which, lying to the west of the River
Paraguay, forms the northward continuation of the Pampa.
The four great types of scenery characteristic of this region
—the river, the forest, the savannah, and the swamp—were
described, and their special biological features defined. The
rivers of the Chaco are mostly narrow, tortuous, and somewhat
sluggish streams. In the neighbourhood of the large rivers,
_ the forests are luxuriant, and resemble those of Paraguay and
Brazil; but in the interior of the Chaco they are scrubby, and
are cut up into islands scattered about in the savannah. The
savannahs are grassy plains dotted over with fan-palms. The
swamps are characterised by their dense vegetation, with pools
and lagunas of open water here and there. During the lecture
many beautiful lantern slides illustrative of South American
scenery were exhibited on the screen, and at the end a few were
added to show some of the types of the red-skinned inhabitants
of the Chaco.
Dr. T. Beath Henderson moved a vote of thanks to the
lecturer and his assistant, which was heartily accorded by °
a large and appreciative audience. A very extensive collection
of specimens, part of which were preserved in bottles and part
mounted for microscopical examination, was arranged for
exhibition in the large hall, and examined with much interest.
26TH Marcu, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
The chairman referred to a movement for the institution of
a Representative Council of Natural History Societies in
Glasgow and throughout the district included within the Clyde
Area. He indicated some of the obvious advantages which
would be derived from such an association, and recommended
that the Society should express its approval of the project by
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 981
electing a delegate to act as its representative on the proposed
Council, and give all possible aid in bringing the movement to
a successful issue. This was unanimously agreed to, and Mr.
Alexander Ross was appointed to represent the Society on the
proposed Council.
Mr. Robert Dunlop exhibited several zoological specimens
which he had obtained while in New Zealand. These included
examples of Dactylocnemis granulatus, the Long-tailed Lizard
of New Zealand, and of Morrisonia chrysorytha, Hampson,
and M. chlorograpta, Hampson, two species of Moth new to
science.
Mr. Alexander Patience submitted specimens of Halimus
hectori, Miers, and Petrolisthes spinosus, Miers, two species
of Crab obtained in New Zealand by Mr. Dunlop, and he gave
an account of their morphological features.
Mr. John Smith, corresponding member, sent for exhibition
a specimen of the Heart-leaved Twayblade (Listera cordata,
Br.), gathered by*him on the Shalloch-on-Minnoch Moor, in
the Parish of Barr, Ayrshire.
The chairman showed fine specimens of Habrodon Notarisiz,
Schp., a rare Moss, from the Island of Bute, and stated that
it had not hitherto been recorded for Vice-County 100.
Mr. A. Somerville, B.Se., F.L.S., communicated a paper on
the ‘‘ Occurrence of the Rock Samphire (Crithmum
maritimum, Linn.), and the Marsh Helleborine Orchis
(Epipactis palustris, Crantz), on the West of Scotland ”’
(page 115).
30TH ApriL, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Reports were submitted on excursions to South Bute (page
239), and Lochwinnoch (page 241).
Mr. Boyd exhibited specimens of Cinclidotus fontinaloides,
P. Beauv., from Castlesemple Loch, Renfrewshire, along with
a number of other Mosses freshly gathered.
Mr. Edward J. Bles, B.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., read a paper
on ‘‘ Plankton,’’ which he illustrated with many varied and
interesting lantern slides. He defined the real meaning of the
term, described the methods adopted for obtaining accurate
282 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
knowledge of the fauna and flora of the sea, and, by means of
the lantern, showed the apparatus used in this department of
research.
Mr. Alexander Ross, Delegate to the Clyde Naturalists’
Representative Council, read a report on the proceedings at
the preliminary meeting of Delegates from Naturalists’
Societies in the West of Scotland, held on 6th instant, at
which a resolution to form the Representative Council had
been unanimously agreed to, and a formal constitution
adopted. On the suggestion of Mr. Boyd, the Society expressed
its approval of the method indicated in the constitution for
defraying the expense of the Council’s operations, which was
proposed to be met by levying on each Society represented in
the Council a share of the expense proportionate to the number
of such Society’s members and the amount of revenue derived
from their annual subscriptions.
28TH May, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Reports were given on Excursions to Cartland Crags (page
241) and Loch Riddon*(page 242).
Mr. Alexander Ross exhibited, by favour of Mr. W. Bevins,
Ongar, a small collection of South African Coleoptera, mainly
captured on Table Mountain and in its vicinity. The speci-
mens were small, but beautifully marked. The insects usually
shown from South Africa are large and conspicuous, but Mr.
Bevins, in his work among the insects of smaller size, was
fortunate in discovering many which were new to science.
Mr. Ross also showed a specimen of Bombylius major, L.,
taken at the head of Loch Riddon. He stated that this dipteron
belongs to the ‘“ Bee-Flies,’’ and possesses a long oral proboscis
with which it sucks honey from flowers. It is a rather rare
fly in the Clydesdale district, where it has only previously been
recorded from this same station. He also exhibited a living
specimen of the Blindworm (Anguis fragilis, L.) captured
at the same place, and he described the superficial and
anatomical features whereby this harmless reptile is dis-
tinguished from the Common Adder (Pelius berus, L.) for
which it is often mistaken.
:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 283
Mr. Robert Godfrey submitted for exhibition a specimen
of Chelifer cancroides (L.), one of the group of mites known
as ‘‘ False Scorpions.’’ The species occurs commonly in a
stable in the eastern district of Glasgow, but is apparently new
to the Scottish list. He showed a specimen of the Sea Centipede
(Linotenia maritima, Leach), from Rough Island, in the
Solway, and stated that he had also observed that species in
1904, at Shirvan, Loch Fyne. He submitted a specimen of the
Pencil-tailed Myriapod (Polyzenus lagurus, L.), from Rough
Island, and stated that the same species had likewise come
under his notice on a hill-top at Ronachan, Kintyre, in the end
of the year 1905 or beginning of 1906. .
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., read a short statement regarding
the business discussed at the Meetings of Delegates from
Corresponding Societies of the British Association, held last
year, during the visit of the Association to York.
Mr. D. A. Boyd read a paper entitled ‘‘ Microfungi observed
in Islay ’’ (page 119).
Mr. James Whitton, Superintendent of Parks, submitted his
** Meteorological Notes for 1906, and Remarks upon the
Weather during the Year, with its General Effects upon
Vegetation ’’ (page 122).
25TH June, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Before proceeding to the business of the meeting, the chair-
man referred to the death of the late President, Mr. Alexander
Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S., which took place on 5th instant.
It was resolved that the Society should place upon record its
sense of the great loss which had thus been sustained, and its
grateful acknowledgment of the many important services which
Mr. Somerville rendered to the cause of science, particularly
in the West of Scotland, and to this Society, in whose work he
so long took an active and useful part.* It was also resolved
that an excerpt from the minutes, containing the above resolu-
tion, should be transmitted to Mrs. Somerville, along with an
expression of the sympathy of the members of the Society with
her and her family in their bereavement.
* See page 227.
284 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Reports were submitted on Excursions to Calderwood Glen
(page 241), Auchans and Dundonald (page 241), Auchendrane
(page 244), and Monkland and Woodhall (page 245).
Dr. Thomas Beath Henderson exhibited specimens of
Silybura brevis, Gunther, and S. macrolepis, Peters, two
species of Indian Shield-tailed Snake. After describing the
general features of the Uropeltidae, to which these small-sized
reptiles belong, he referred to the characteristics of the genus
Silybura, and drew attention, in particular, to the remarkable
formation of the tail, which is well adapted to the earth-
burrowing habits of the species. This was more fully
illustrated by means of a drawing carefully prepared by Miss
Henderson.
Mr. Alexander Ross exhibited a female specimen of Didea
alnett, Fallén, taken on Inch Connachan, Loch Lomond, on 15th
June, and apparently the first record for the West of Scotland.
He stated that the species is but little known in England, there
being only three records of individual specimens given by Mr.
Verrall in his work on the Syrphidz of Great Britain, viz.,
a male in Worcestershire, August, 1894; a female near
Birmingham, August, 1895; and a female in Herefordshire,
August, 1895. An account was given of the characteristics of
the genus Didea, which is closely allied to Syrphus, and is
represented in Europe by three known species, all of which
occur in Britain.
Mr. Ross also showed a nest of a species of Weaver-bird,
trom the neighbourhood of Poonah, upon which he made some
remarks.
Mr. John Smith, Corresponding Member, exhibited specimens
of Ranunculus auricomus, L., from Barwharrie, Ochiltree ;
and a variety of Polypodium vulgare, L., with forking pinne,
from Giffordland, Dalry.
Mr. John Renwick exhibited Rumex Hydrolapathum,
Huds., and Scrophularia alata, Gilib., trom Woodhall; also
Aesculus flava, Ait. (= Pavia flava, Meench), trom Monkland
House.
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., showed a specimen of Poa
Chaiavi, Vill., from Auchendrane.
Mr. D. A. Boyd showed specimens of NVeckera complanata
——
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 285
(L.) Hibn., bearing capsules, which he stated had been
obtained at the recent excursion to Auchans. Although a
common Moss, this species seldom occurs in a fertile condition.
A very interesting series of photographs was submitted, in-
cluding views of birds, birds’ nests, botanical subjects, and
picturesque scenery, taken at South Bute, by Mr. W. R.
Baxter ; views of scenery on the Mouse Water, near Lanark,
by Mr. N. G. Reid; and photographs of trees at Auchendrane,
by Mr. James Whitton and Mr.’ John Renwick.
Mr. Alexander Patience read a paper on ‘‘ Further
Additions to the Crustacea of the Clyde Sea and Faunal
Area.”’
286 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY.
SESSION 1907-1908.
247TH SEPTEMBER, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
The chairman referred to the death of the Rev. John
Fergusson, LL.D., Fearn, Brechin, one of the Corresponding
Members of the Society, who was distinguished for his
researches in Scottish Botany, especially in the departments
of Bryology and Mycology.
Reports were submitted on Excursions to Dalry (page 246),
Finlayston (page 247), and Glen Douglas (page 251).
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., exhibited a specimen of Carex
filiformis, L., from Loch Lydoch.
Mr. D. A. Boyd submitted specimens of Amblystegium
fluviatile, B. and S., a Moss obtained at the excursion to
Finlayston on 10th ultimo, and not previously recorded for
Vice-County 76; Hypnum crista-castrensis, L., from the woods
at Inveraray Castle; and Otidea leporina (Batsch) Fckl., from
Montgreenan, Ayrshire. He stated that the last-mentioned
species had been discovered by Mr. R. B. Johnstone at the
Fungus-Foray on 21st instant, and had not been previously
recorded for the Clyde Area.
Dr. Robert Brown read a paper descriptive of the district of
La Lautaret, in Dauphiny, S.-E. France, with special
reference to its plant life. He stated that he had spent a
holiday in that district last year, and had again returned this
year to renew his acquaintance with the place and its flowers.
La Lautaret stands 6,790 feet above sea level. The only
house in the district is an old Hospice, with a number. of
wooden annexes which form the hotel accommodation ; and the
district itself is composed of wide-spreading prairies,
gradually rising upwards to the various mountain ridges
which stand like sentinels all around. The Hospice occupies
the summit of the pass, which runs from Bourg d’Oisans to
Briancon near the Italian Frontiers, and is traversed by a very
good road. The peaks above Lautaret rise to 10,000 and
11,000 feet, some being composed of slaty rocks, many of lime-
stone, and others of granite. All the district is clad with a
marvellous wealth of vegetable life. One may spend days
288 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
within an hour’s walk of the Hospice, and gather armfuls of
gay flowers worthy of any garden in the land; while up the
higher slopes, among the stones and loose rocks, rare and
interesting creeping alpines abound. In the ascent of the
streams from the valleys to the highest ridges may be found
an unlimited wealth of comparatively rare species.
By the side of the Hospice a very well-kept Rock and Alpine
Garden has been made. It was first begun about the year
1898, by the University of Grenoble, and has been kept up
by jardinier botanists from the Botanic Gardens of Lyons.
Here one may see growing, and carefully named, many of the
rare and ornamental native plants, as well as many brought
from other districts of France. The garden is an endless
source of interest to the travellers who stay in passing for a
break in their journey. In connection with this garden, a
room is set apart in one of the annexes for a botanical
laboratory, where work goes on all the season, and botanists
who may visit the district are courteously invited to use the
room, with its materials. Many noted botanists visit Le
Lautaret, and a book is kept with their autographs and
written testimonies to the interesting nature of the district
as a field for botanical work.
A very striking feature of the flora of the prairie or
undulating meadow-land in Lautaret is the vigorous growth of
the vegetation. Although at a minimum altitude of 7,000
feet, the great mass of the plants are tall and strong, many
from two to three feet in height—an exceptional condition in so
lofty a situation. With this, however, there is an equally
extraordinary growth of root. Even with the lower-growing
alpines, roots are found measuring two and three feet in
length, these long root-fibres straggling among and under the
looser rough surface and stony ground. Another feature of
the strong development in plant life is the tendency to the
formation of woody stems, especially near the roots. Many of
the mountain plants in Lautaret are strikingly marked by
the hard, almost stony condition of their stems, elsewhere soft
and easily crushed. Another peculiarity in the plant life of
this district is the presence in the open prairie of species
generally found in woods or gorges.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 289
But although the plant life of Lautaret is thus vigorous and
exceptionally robust, it is no less remarkably varied, and
possesses many of the rarer species which occur on the
mountains running along the Italian frontiers. It is interest-
ing to find some of our own native plants intermixed with some
of the rarer forms of Southern Europe, both equally at home
in these highlands.
Around the Hospice, and forming, no doubt, the basis of
the rich soil on which this luxuriant wild garden exists, are
jagged peaks rising up to 9,000 feet, composed almost entirely
of dark slaty rock. This substance lies on edge, and a constant
process of surface crumbling is going on. Near the rocks the
material broken down is in larger pieces, but lower down
the slopes it gradually assumes finer division, until at last
it forms the rich basis of a soil deep, porous, and cool, in
which the plant world seems to luxuriate. To this fact is
attributable the extraordinary growth of this high-placed
flora. Farther afield, especially southwards, are ranges of
limestone rocks, which also give splendid results in their
meadows below, and have a distinctive bias in the variety of
their rock plants; while at other points granite rocks pre-
dominate, and there the flora gradually shrinks into compara-
tive smallness, both as to varieties and size. This variation
in soil material gives to the observer a very good demon-
stration of the important influence exercised by physical con-
ditions in the life-history of plants growing within large and
small areas. A striking feature of the district is the entire
‘ absence of trees, the only representative being a shrubby Alder
which on some slopes forms dense masses that can scarcely be
penetrated. A very interesting method of botanizing the
district is to take in rotation the different levels and work
them apart. Thus, the lower prairie land, with its com-
paratively level and often swampy surface, yields a flora
completely different from that of the higher mountain slopes,
while the rocky peaks, in their varied construction, each afford
interesting species for examination.
In the course of the paper, Dr. Brown referred to many of
the rarer and more interesting alpine plants which he had
observed in the district around Lautaret, and submitted for
290 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
exhibition a fine series of illustrative specimens. He stated
that while many of the rarer species had only been obtained
after some hard climbing and strenuous exertion under trying
circumstances, the great majority were found and secured with
much more ease than he had ever before experienced in any
other alpine centre. In that respect, and on account of
the marvellous floral display which could so easily be seen and
enjoyed on its widespread prairies in July and August, the
district might be truly described as altogether unique for such
an elevation.
Mr. Robert Dunlop presented to the Society’s Library a
copy of ‘* New Zealand Neuroptera,’’ by G. V. Hudson, F.E.S.
277TH OcrosErR, 1907.
Mr. John Cairns, jun., Vice-President, in the chair.
As this was the Society’s Fifty-sixth Annual Business
Meeting, the usual Reports were submitted.
Meetings, Haxcursions, &c.—The Hon. Secretary (Mr.
Alexander Ross) read the Report of the Council, which stated
that during the past session ten Meetings of the Society had
been held, at which the attendance was up to the average of
several years past. While most of the papers read related to
botanical subjects, the specimens exhibited at the meetings
were varied and interesting.
Seventeen Excursions were projected, and a list of these was
issued to the members in the form of a booklet containing a
synopsis of the various interesting features to be met with in
places proposed to be visited. This new form of excursion
programme was greatly appreciated by the members. With
the exception of two, the Excursions were all carried out.
Four were held jointly with the Andersonian Naturalists’
Society, three with the West Kilbride Natural History and
Archeological Society, one with the Hamilton and District
Field Club, one with the Airdrie Natural History Society, and
two with the Geological Society of Glasgow. The attendance
varied, but was mainly good, this being specially the case
with the Fungus Forays held jointly with the Andersonian
Naturalists’ Society.
Se rl em!
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 291
British Association.—At the Leicester meeting the Society
was represented by Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S.
Membership.—During the session, 6 new Members were
added to the roll of the Society, 8 Ordinary Members and
3 Associates resigned, 7 were struck off for non-payment of
subscription for several sessions, and 7 were removed by death.
Among the last were Mr. Alexander Somerville, B.Sc., F.L.S.,
Life Member, and Rev. John Fergusson, LL.D., Fearn, Cor-
responding Member, of whom obituary notices were brought
before the Society.
The membership now stands as follows :—
Honorary Members, - - - =
Corresponding Members, - - - 34
Ordinary Members, - - - - 206
Associates, - - - - <A 0
Total, - - - - - 266
Finance.—The Hon. Treasurer (Mr. John Renwick) sub-
mitted an audited Statement of Accounts (see page 306), which
showed a balance of £124 5s. 5d. at the credit of the Ordinary
Fund, and £157 10s. at the credit of the Life Members’ Fund.
Library.—The Hon. Librarian (Mr. James Mitchell)
reported as follows :—‘‘ During the past year the interest of
the Members in their Library has been fully sustained. The
returns for the year show a slight falling off in the numbers of
volumes issued to members. These are 190, as compared with
200 in preceding year. This is about an average issue, taken
_over the past few years. During the month of February, Part
3 of Vol. VII. of our Proceedings was issued to the members,
and this part has also been sent to the various institutions and
British Societies with whom we exchange publications. The
usual number of exchanges have been received during the
year. These now include nearly all the Scottish Societies of
importance who issue Transactions. Five volumes have been
gifted to the Library by members and friends, to whom we
owe our thanks. Fourteen volumes have been added by
purchase during the session. The Foreign and Colonial
Transactions received during the year have been placed in the
Mitchell Library. Members are reminded that the Trans-
M
292 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
actions housed there can be consulted or borrowed during the
open hours of the Library. Books can also be borrowed from
our own Library during the open hours of these rooms. The
books in the Library are all in good condition. The Trans-
actions and Magazines are all bound up to date.”’
Transactions—The Hon. Editor (Mr. John Paterson)
reported on the progress of the work of printing the papers
and other material relating to Sessions 1905-6 and 1906-7.
The Reports were all approved and adopted. ;
Vacancies among the office-bearers were filled up by the
election of Mr. Robert Henderson as a Vice-President, and
Messrs. Thomas Beath Henderson, M.D., Robert W. 8. Wilson,
John Cairns, jun., and T. Thornton Mackeith, as Members of
Council.
Messrs. James Jack and Joseph Sommerville were re-
appointed as Auditors.
Mr. Cameron Davidson, Windyhill, Kilmacolm, was elected
an Ordinary Member.
A Report on an Excursion to Dunure was submitted by Mr.
John Smith, Corresponding Member (page 252).
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., the Society’s representative at the
recent meeting of the British Association at Leicester, sub-
mitted a report on the business discussed at the two meetings
of Delegates from Corresponding Societies, at both of which
he was present. Special reference was made to the address
delivered at the first meeting by the president, Mr. H. J,
Mackinder, on the advancement of geographical science by
local societies, and to the subject of correlation of work by
such societies. At the second meeting, the principal speaker
was Mr. Carleton Rea, Worcester, who urged that fungi should
receive much more attention from provincial societies than had
hitherto. been bestowed. The subject of rainfall records was
also introduced by Dr. H. R. Mill, who recommended that
the number of observing stations throughout the country
should be largely increased. Mr. Ewing offered some practical
suggestions indicative of how the Society might take an active
and useful part in these and other kindred investigations.
Dr. Thomas Beath Henderson exhibited dried skins of Bitzs
gabonica, D. & B., and B. nasicornis, Shaw, two species of
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 293
Puff-adder from Rhodesia. These he stated to be viperine
snakes, having the head very distinct from the neck and
covered with imbricated scales. The nostrils are directed
upwards, or upwards and outwards, while the body is thick,
and the tail very short. These snakes are remarkable for
possessing enlarged horn-like scales between the supra-nasals.
B. gabonica has a single enlarged scale above the supra-nasal,
in contact with its fellow, while B. nasicornis has two or three,
which are usually separated by small scales.
Mr. Henry M‘Culloch showed a specimen of the Glossy Ibis,
Plegadis falcinellus (.) shot near Kilmarnock, this being the
first record of the occurrence of the bird in that neighbour-
hood.
Dr. Thomas F. Gilmour sent for exhibition some specimens
of Water Betony (Scrophularia aquatica, L.) found growing
plentifully on the banks of the Cornabus Burn, Islay, and he
communicated some notes on the probable causes which had led
to its sudden appearance in that locality (see page 219).
26TH Novemser, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Messrs. W. L. Chadwick, 2 Beechwood Terrace, Albert Road,
Langside, and G. C. Cossar, M.A.(Oxon.), East Craigs,
Corstorphine, were elected ordinary members.
By favour of Mr. G. Graham, Girvan, Mr. John Robertson
exhibited a nest and egg of the Pied Flycatcher (Muscicapa
atricapilla, L.), from Glendoune, Girvan, with photographs
of the bird sitting on the nest. He described the cireum-
stances under which the nest had been found, and stated that
this species has only recently been added to the list of birds
which breed in the Clyde Area, three instances of nests observed
at Glendoune since 1901 by Mr. Graham and others being the
only records known.
Mr. Alexander Ross exhibited specimens of Fristalis sepul-
chralis, L., one of the Syrphid, captured in the Ard, Port
Ellen, Islay, on Ist August last. The insects were flying
abundantly about a quantity of decaying sea-weed which had
evidently been collected for purposes of kelp-making and left
294 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
to rot. They were flying very low, and were extremely difficult
to capture. The insect is not uncommon in England, but all
Verrall’s localities are south of the Midlands, except one, based
on a single specimen taken in Warwickshire. Wingate does
not record it from Northumberland or Durham. In the West
of Scotland it has only been recorded for Possil Marsh, where
it was taken by the late Mr. George W. Ord, Mr. Robert
Henderson, and Mr. Ross. Reference was made to the
characteristic features which distinguish this fly from JZ.
eneus, Scop., its nearest ally.
Mr. Ross also showed several botanical specimens, including
Eucalyptus rostrata, Schlecht., in fruit; Acacia melanozylon,
R. Br., with phyllodes and true leaves; and Camellia thevfera,
Griff., var. assamica, the Indian Tea-plant, in flower.
On behalf of Mr. John Smith, Corresponding Member, Mr.
Ross submitted several zoological and botanical specimens from
Ayrshire. These included cocoons of Meta menardi (Latr.),
a Spider which haunts the dark recesses of caves on the Carrick
Coast, where its nests, spun of a fine, white, gossamer fabric,
may be found hanging from the roof by an attachment of
about a score of threads. Besides frequenting caves, this
species sometimes occurs in the vaults under old castles.
Mr. Smith also sent a specimen of Rock-Samphire
(Crithmum maritimum, L.) from the Carrick Coast, where it
grows in certain of the more inaccesible places; a plant of
Wild Beet (Beta maritima, L.), with fasciated stem, from the
same district; and Ahnfeltia plicata, Fries, a marine alga
also obtained on the Carrick shore. It was stated that the two
last-mentioned specimens had respectively been submitted to
Messrs. Arthur Bennett, F.L.S., and A Gepp, M.A., F.L.S.,
for identification.
Mr. William Stewart showed a specimen of Awricularia
mesenterica, Fr., from Olton, near Birmingham, and described
the distinctive features of the genus and species.
Mr. D. A. Boyd read a paper entitled ‘‘ With the Crypto-
gamic Society of Scotland at Inveraray ”’ (page 143).
Mr. Peter Macnair, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., gave a short address
on ‘The Present Position of the Local Collections in the
Kelvingrove Museum,’’ with special reference to natural
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 295
‘history. By diagram he indicated the intended arrangement
of the Natural History Section, and the methods which were
to be chiefly adopted in the building up of complete educational
and scientific collections in the museum. He referred to the
large masses of material lying in the institution which
required to be classified and named, and appealed to the
members of the Society to come to the aid of the curator and
his assistants in arranging and making available this accumu-
lated store. A discussion then took place on various aspects
of the subject dealt with in Mr. Macnair’s address, particularly
with reference to material collected by members of the Society
and placed in the museum, and to the best methods of arrang-
ing that material so as to enhance its utility for purposes of
reference and insure its preservation.
197TH Decemper, 1907.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Before proceeding to the business of the meeting, the chair-
man referred to the great loss which science had sustained in
the death of Lord Kelvin—an event which may be truly said
to have cast its dark shadow over the whole civilised world.
In that early moment of sorrow it was impossible fully to
appreciate the extent of such a loss, or adequately to estimate
the worth of the life and labours which had so recently come
to anend. But everyone must feel sensible that Lord Kelvin’s
marvellous insight into the secrets of nature, and inexhaustible
fertility of discovery and invention, whereby hidden physical
forces have been brought directly into the service of humanity,
must earn for him the undying gratitude of mankind. For
more than half a century his brilliant intellectual personality
shone in and around the University of Glasgow, shedding its
lustre far afield, and casting a clear light into many regions
of research previously dark and obscure. But in addition to
marvellous scientific endowments, he possessed a versatility of
mind and a wide sympathy for humanity which rendered him
an active and useful citizen, ever ready to take part in any
movement for the benefit of mankind, for the alleviation of
distress, or for the relief of suffering. For almost twenty years
296 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Lord Kelvin was a member of this Society, and continued to
take an interest in its welfare and work.
On the motion of the chairman, it was resolved that
the Society should place upon record its deep regret
at the announcement of the death of Lord Kelvin, and
express its appreciation of his great services in the
advancement of physical science, and the many and lasting
benefits which his brilliant discoveries have conferred upon
mankind. The Secretary was instructed to forward to Lady
Kelvin an excerpt from the minutes containing the above-
mentioned resolution, with an expression of the Society’s
sympathy with her and the other relatives of the deceased peer
in the bereavement which they have sustained.
Mr. James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., 1 Athole Gardens Terrace,
Kelvinside, was elected an Ordinary Member.
Mr. D. M. Wood, 9 Main Street, Bridgeton, was elected an
Associate.
Mr. John Smith, Corresponding Member, sent for exhibition
a specimen of the Cave Spider (Meta menardi, Latr.) from a
cavern in the neighbourhood of Dunure, Ayrshire. Its web
was placed a few feet above one of the cocoons or nests
characteristic of this species, which hung from a dark recess
in the upper part of the cave. There were also several old
nests, hanging in their original position. One of the spider’s
webs in the cave measured fifteen inches in diameter, while
the extremities of the longest threads were four feet apart,
measuring over the web.
The remainder of the evening was devoted to an exhibition
of lantern slides given by several members, and illustrative
of various features of natural history and geology, as well
as views of places visited at excursions of the Society. A
unique series of slides, showing the protective value of the
colour-markings of butterflies and moths, with regard to the
sites chosen by them for resting, was exhibited by favour of
Mr. A. H. Hamm, Oxford. Messrs. W. R. Baxter, Charles
Kirk, T. Thornton Mackeith, and Hugh W. Wilson, showed
fine slides, dealing mainly with various aspects of bird life,
while those submitted by Messrs. Thomas W. Robertson, J. W.
Reoch, and David R. Somerville dealt principally with
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 297
botanical, geological, and scenic features of nature. The
artistic beauty of the varied pictures made the exhibition a
very enjoyable one.
28TH January, 1908.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
The chairman referred to the loss which the Society had
sustained in the death of Dr. Alexander Frew, one of the
Ordinary Members, whose extensive and accurate knowledge
of many branches of natural history, as well as his readiness
in placing the results of his research at the service of members,
were fittingly touched on.
Mr. Alexander Patience also paid a high tribute to the
scientific attainments of Dr. Frew, who, for several years,
had been investigating the marine fauna, not only of the Firth
of Clyde, but of the West of Scotland generally, and had
added many new records of Mollusca, as well as extended our
knowledge of the distribution of many of the rarer forms.
It was moved and agreed that the Secretary should express
to the widow of the deceased gentlemen the Society’s sympathy
with her in her bereavement.
On the motion of the chairman, it was also agreed that the
Society should place upon record its sense of the loss sustained
by science in the death of Mr. E. A. L. Batters, LL.B., B.A.,
F.L.S., one of the foremost authorities on the subject of the
British Marine Algw, and compiler of the list relating to that
group in the British Association Handbook of the Fauna and
Flora of the Clyde Area
Messrs. George W. Campbell, Ailsa Cottage, Coatbridge,
and George A. Brown, 35 Sunnyside Road, Coatbridge, were
elected Ordinary Members.
On behalf of Mr. J. R. Malloch, Bonhill, Mr. Alexander Ross
brought before the meeting some interesting material sent for
exhibition. This included a collection of dipterous insects
belonging to the family Phoride, which had been captured in
Dumbartonshire, mainly in the neighbourhood of Bonhill.
Of the 52 species shown, 3 were new to the British list, and
29 new to science. As these flies are generally very small,
Mr. Malloch had prepared accurate drawings of the wings of
several species, so as to illustrate their characteristic venation.
298 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
He also submitted a collection of pruners Diptera, along
with the prey upon which they were feeding when captured.
The former consisted chiefly of specimens of Scatophaga
stercoraria, L., and S. sgualida, Mg., while the insects upon
which they were feeding were various species of Chironomide,
Bibionide, Tipulidae, &e.
Mr. Malloch likewise showed specimens of Neottiophilum
preustum, Mg., a dipteron new to the Clyde Area, which had
been bred from pup taken from the nest of a Greenfinch.
On behalf of Mr. Charles Kirk, Mr. John Robertson showed
a colour-photograph lantern-slide of eggs of the Razorbill
and Common Guillemot. The variation in the colour and
markings were brought out very distinctly. It was stated that
this was probably the first occasion on which a slide of birds’-
eggs photographed by the new Lumiére process had been shown
in Glasgow.
Mr. Alexander Patience read a paper descriptive of
Trichoniscus linearis and Philoscia patiencei, two new British
species of terrestrial Isopoda,
A paper entitled ‘‘ Some observations on the Dipterous
Family Phoride,’’ communicated by Mr. J. R. Malloch (page
153), was read by Mr. Ross.
Messrs. R. B. Johnstone and D. A. Boyd submitted a
Report on the Fungus Forays in 1907 (page 251).
257TH Fesruary, 1908.
Mr. J. Ballantyne, Vice-President, in the chair.
Messrs. J. G. Connell, 13 Ormonde Park, Muirend, Cathcart,
and John Muir, 128 Ledard Road, Langside, were elected
Ordinary Members.
Mr. Peter Macnair, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., exhibited a specimen
of Petromyzon marinus, L., caught in the Clyde at Uddingston
in July, 1907, and a specimen of Centrina salviani, Risso,
from the North Sea. He described the peculiar anatomical
features of these fishes, and stated that both species were very
interesting—the one for having, during spawning time,
come up the Clyde through the Broomielaw in safety, and the
other from being for the first time found as far north as the
British coast.
————— LL LK CS ——‘SC;C;™~—™
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 299
Professor Leonard A. L. King, M.A., gave a short lecture,
descriptive of the Pycenogonida or ‘‘ Sea-spiders.”” After
giving an account of the appearance and habits of these
animals, he described the structure and functions of the
various segments and appendages of an individual pyenogonid
belonging to the genus Nymphon, and referred to the
characteristic features which distinguish the other genera
represented in the fauna of the Clyde Sea Area. These were
illustrated by the exhibition of a series of specimens.
Mr. R. S. Wishart, M.A., exhibited a specimen of Heather
(Calluna vulgaris, L.) found embedded beneath the public road
at Stepps, and recently exhumed in the course of operations
for laying a drain. As the road was made more than a
hundred years ago, the heather had been preserved ima fresh
condition in the mossy ground all that time.
Mr. D. A. Boyd showed a specimen of Geopysis coccinea (Jacq. )
Mass., from Glen Almond, Perthshire.
A “List of Pycenogonida collected in the Clyde Area,” com-
municated by Mr. Richard Elmhirst, F.L.S., was read by Professor
King (page 146).
3lst Marcu, 1908.
Mr. Robert Garry, B.Se., Vice-President, in the chair.
Mr. Alexander Ross drew the attention of the members present
to a letter received from Dr. James Knight, St. James’s Public
School, in which he stated that Mr. James Paton, F.L.S., of the
Kelvingrove Museum, and Mr. Thomas Lugton, of the People’s
Palace, were desirous that arrangements should be made for
exhibiting the common wild-flowers of the district as they appear,
and for that purpose would provide the necessary tables and
glasses. They required, however, the co-operation of some
botanical enthusiasts who would undertake to supply, once a
week, the specimens needed, and also see that the plants were
correctly named. Mr. Ross stated that this appeal had been
sent to the Council, who decided to bring it before the Society,
with a recommendation that all possible assistance should be
given in the manner indicated.
Mr. Charles Kirk exhibited a Black-necked Grebe (Podicepes
nigricollis, C. L, Brehm), from Helensburgh. He also submitted
300 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW,
several other interesting ornithological specimens, including
examples of the Gadwall, Anas strepera (L.); Pintail. Dafila
acuta (L.); Shoveler, Spatula clypeata (L.); Velvet Scoter,
Gdemia fusca (L.); and Norfolk Plover or Stone-curlew,
Gdicnemus scolopax (S. G. Gmelin).
Mr. Robert Dunlop showed a Grey Phalarope, Phalaropus
fulicarius (L.), which had been shot on the Fifeshire coast.
Mr. R. 8S. Wishart, M.A., submitted a series of specimens of
Hedgerow Plants from Buckinghamshire. These represented
twenty-four species, most of which do not grow as natives in the
West of Scotland.
Mr. Robert W. 8. Wilson read a paper entitled ‘‘ Autumn and
Winter Bird-Life of the Fairlie Shore ” (page 173).
Mr. James Whitton submitted ‘‘ Meteorological Notes and
Remarks upon the Weather during the year 1907, with its
General Effects upon Vegetation ” (page 188).
287rH Aprit, 1908
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mr. James Vincent, Maryhill Public School, was elected an
Ordinary Member.
Reports were submitted on Excursions to Calder Glen, Loch-
winnoch (page 252), and Arran (page 253).
Mr. John Paterson exhibited a Great Grey Shrike, Lanius
excubrtor, L., obtained in Arran, and sent by Dr. Neil Fullarton,
Lamlash. .Mr. Paterson gave an account of the peculiarities and
habits of this bird, and stated that the species had not hitherto
been known to occur in Arran.
Mr. Alexander Ross exhibited specimens of the Twite (Linota
Jlavirostris, L.) and Storm Petrel (Procellaria pelagica, L.) from
Islay. He explained the characteristic features of these birds,
and gave an account of their habits, with a description of their
nests and eggs.
There were also submitted a photograph of a nest of the Stock-
Dove (C lumba enas, L.), found near the Cart in Renfrewshire,
and a specimen of the bird itself.
Mr. Thomas W. Robertson exhibited a Glass-rope Sponge
(Hyalonema Sieboldiz, Gray), obtained off Tokio, Japan, from a
Seek a, SL
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 301
depth of over 300 fathoms, by means of a long line weighted and
provided with hooks which were dragged along the sea-bottom.
There was also shown under the microscope a slide containing
several of the beautifully rayed silicious spicules of this species.
Mr. Ross read some notes on the Glass-rope Sponge. He
stated that the species was first brought to Europe about the
year 1830. It is a solid-looking ovoid body, from the lower end
of which arises the long silicious glass-rope, composed of twisted
strands of spicules which anchor the sponge in the mud. The
upper end of the glass-rope is seen to terminate in a spike in a
cavity in the interior of the sponge. An interesting account was
given of the life-history and structure of this and other
representatives of the Porifera.
Mr. Robertson also submitted a beautiful collection of Diatoms
prepared as microscope slides. These included specimens from
New Zealand, Bolivia, California, and Madagascar, with some
selected forms from a tin of American oysters.
Mr. William Rennie read a paper entitled “ Notes on the Birds
frequenting Elder Park, Govan ” (page 209).
Mr. D. A. Boyd read a paper on “ Fungus-Parasites on Plant-
Stems and Leaves.”
26TH May, 1908.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mr. George Lunam, 14 Wilton Drive, Glasgow, was elected an
Ordinary Member.
A report on an Excursion to Campsie Glen was submitted by
Mr. Alexander Ross (page 255).
A beautiful specimen of the King Eider Duck, Somateria
spectabilis (L.), from the neighbourhood of Tayport, was exhibited
by Mr. Robert Dunlop. Mr. Alexander Ross made some remarks
on tue species, and described the features by which it is
distinguished from the Common Eider Duck, Somateria mollissima
(L.).
Mr. James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., exhibited a specimen of
Corymbetes encus, L., from Glen Callum Bay, South Bute, and
stated that there were only two previous records of this beetle in
Scotland.
502 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Mr. Peter Macnair, F.R.S.E., F.G.S., read a paper on “The
Fish Fauna of the Upper Silurian Inlier of Lesmahagow.” He
referred to the geological features of the ground, and showed that
the rocks had been folded into a dome-shaped anticline which
roughly coincided with Nutberry Hill. In the centre of the hill
occurred the oldest rocks, which are of Wenlock age, and these
passed upwards into a thick group of sandstones, mudstones, and
conglomerates of Ludlow and Downtonian age. ‘The first
announcement of the existence of Upper Silurian fossils north of
the ‘'weed was made in 1855 by the late Dr. Slimon of
Lesmahagow. Within recent years, a remarkable group of fishes
was discovered in these rocks, by means of which Dr. Traquair
has been enabled to throw a flood of light upon the origin and
descent of that highly problematical group of fishes known as
the “ Ostracodermi” or armour-plated fishes. A considerable
diversity of opinion has always existed regarding the zoological
affinities of these organisms, they having been referred by some
to the Arthropoda and by others to the Tunicata. Dr. Traquair,
in a series of valuable memoirs, has shown that the fishes from
the Upper Silurian rocks of Lesmahagow are probably primitive
Elasmobranchs, and that they supply the ancestral forms from
which the highly specialized armour-plated fishes were descended
through the Psammosteid and Drepanaspid types. Many
specimens of Zhelodus, Lanarkia, Birkenia, Lausunius, and
Psammosteus were exhibited in illustration of the paper.
Mr. Robert Henderson submitted a List of Additions to the
Diptera of the Clyde Faunal Area (page 156), being the third paper
communicated by him on that subject.* It records the species
belonging to the families from Anthomyide to Hippoboscidee
whose occurrence he has observed in the Clyde Area, together
with a few unrecorded species belonging to families dealt with in
his two former lists. Altogether, in this third paper, he is able
to record in these families 308 species, of which 215 are
additional to the list of Diptera published in the British
Association Handbook of 1901. Many of these species are not
yet on our recognised British List, and are but little known. In
the course of some remarks on the increasing attention now being
* See Transactions, vol. vii., p. 148 ; vol. viii., p. 7.
Se
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 303
bestowed on Diptera, Mr. Henderson referred to the successful
work accomplished locally in that department of entomology by
Messrs. A. Ross, J. R. Malloch, and James J. F. X. King, F.E.S.
It is gratifying to know that the Clyde list, which Mr. Henderson
now reckons as comprising upwards of a thousand species, is in
Britain second only to that list which takes the whole kingdom
as its field ; and we may therefore look forward to having, at no
distant date, a list of Diptera for the West of Scotland as
approximately complete as that of any of the other groups of
Insecta which have been so long and so well studied by local
entomologists.
Mr. D. A. Boyd read a paper on “ Sclerotinia baccarum, Rehm,
and its Allies” (page 149). He also submitted a List of the
Phycomycetes. Protomycetes, and Ustilaginee, which occur as
parasites on stems and leaves of plants within the Clyde Area,
23RD Jung, 1908.
Mr. D. A. Boyd, President, in the chair.
Mrs. E. L. Hardie, 34 Montague Street, Great Western Road,
was elected an Ordinary Member.
Reports were submitted of Excursions from Balmaha to Rowar-
dennan (page 255), and from Braidwood to Tillietudlem (page 257).
Mr. Robert W. S. Wilson exhibited a specimen of Richardson’s
Skua, Stercorarius crepidatus (Gmelin), shot at Brigaird Spit,
between Fairlie and West Kilbride, on 1st November, 1902. It
had previously been observed chasing. the gulls on Fairlie
Roads, and, when picked up, a small fish was found to be project-
ing from its bill. Mr. Wilson made some remarks on the habits
of this species (page 235).
He also showed a Nightjar (Caprimulgus ewropeus, L.) which
had been killed on 2nd October last by flying against a telegraph
wire at Cardonald. In the course of some remarks he stated that
the species is not common in the vicinity of Glasgow, but has
occurred at Killoch Glen, Uvper Pollok, Queen’s Park, &e. The
Nightjar is a bird of the twilight, and hawks for the moths which
come abroad when the darkness is setting in. Its loud jarring
note can be heard half-a-mile away when the night is still. The
favourite haunts of the bird are the bracken-clad glades of
304 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
sheltered nooks and glens. It makes no nest, but lays its two
eggs on the bare ground, which is not hollowed or prepared in
any way
Mr. William Rennie exhibited eggs of the Corn Bunting
(Emberiza miliaria, L.), from Cadder Wilderness, and, for com-
parison, those of Yellow Bunting (Z. citrinella, L.), and Reed
Bunting (Z. scheniclus, L.), A photograph of the nest and eggs
of the Corn Bunting, taken at Cadder Wilderness, was submitted
by Mr. Hugh W. Wilson.
On behalf of Mr. John EK. Murphy, Mr. Alexander Ross
exhibited specimens of the following species of Coleoptera :—
Bembidium quadriguttatum, F.—This was taken by Mr. Murphy
at Fairlie, in July, 1907. The capture was noteworthy, as it
made the first record for the West of Scotland. Fowler states
that the beetle is rare in Scotland, and gives Lowlands, Tweed,
and Forth as localities. In the South of England it is common
and generally distributed, while in the North it is local but not
rare. It belongs to the Ground Beetles, and may be found in
moist places by the side of streams. rivers, or ponds, or on the
sea-shore—indeed, in damp places, whether the water be fresh or
salt. The smooth head has a deep but short furrow on each side;
the thorax is remarkably convex in front, and in colour is shining
blue-green or greenish blue; and the elytra are rather convex,
and their colour is similar to that of the thorax, but deepens
into violet, which at times appears black. On the shoulder of
each elytron is a triangular patch of dull white, and lower down
another roundish patch. It is from these spots that the specific
name is derived.
Notoxus monoceros, L.—This was taken in June, 1900, at
Monkton. The beetle belongs to the family Anthicide, of which
two species are recorded in the British Association list. It occurs
in sandy places on the coast, and is recorded commonly from the
East Coast of Scotland. It has not, however, been noted for the
Clyde Area, and Mr. Murphy has so far been unable to trace any
record for the West of Scotland. In this little insect the thorax
is narrower than the abdomen, and tapers outwards above the
head so as to forma sort of horn. The abdomen is blackish,
marked with pale yellow spots. The antenne and legs are
reddish orange.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 305
Leiopus nebulosus, L.—This was obtained by Mr. Murphy
between Craigallion and Blanefield in August, 1906. It is rather
interesting to find that Mr. G. A. Hardy, one of the members of
the Society, took this rare species at Dumfin in August, 1907.
These are the only two known records for the Clyde Area. The
beetle is one of the Longicornes, and the larva, like those of all
this group, is a wood-borer. It is found where its food-stuff
abounds. In Scotland it is not rare in the East. as it has been
recorded from woods near Edinburgh, Dalkeith Park, Roslin, and
Berwickshire ; while Mr. Murphy has also taken it at Rannoch.
The head is vertical, flattened in front, and provided with a pair
of long antenn, which. when examined, are seen to present a
ringed appearance, as the apical portion of each joint is dark-
coloured, while the basal portion is pale-yellowish. The abdomen
is long, and is well marked with dull whitish patches.
Mr. John Thomson exhibited a specimen of Pactrod.dema
tiarata, Stal., a stick-insect, from Rhodesia, being the so-called
“ Kaffir-god ” of the natives.
Mr. Johnston Shearer showed specimens of Goat’s-beard
(Tragopogon pratense. L.) from Hundred-acre Park, one of the
stations mentioned for the plant in Hennedy’s Clydesdale Flora.
Mr. Peter Ewing, F.L.S., exhibited and described (p. 237) two
forms of Carex, which he considered well worthy of recognition.
These he had named Carex saxatilis, L., f. intermedia, and C.
saxatilis, L., f. glomerata. For comparison, he also exhibited
a series of specimens illustrative of Carex vesicaria, L., C. saxatilis,
L., and C. atrata, L., and their various forms.
Mr. John R. Lee showed sections of the leaves of Polytrichum,
and read some notes descriptive of their structural features
(page 186).
Mr. D. A. Boyd showed specimens of Bryum Duvalii, Voit.,
from the Parish of Crawford, Lanarkshire, and read some notes
regarding the same (page 218).
Mr. Robert Garry, B.Sc., exhibited specimens of several species
of Fresh-water Algz, including Microthamnion Kiitzingianum,
Nag., from Ailsa Craig; Spirotenia condensata, Bréb., from
Balmaha ; and Desmidiwm Swartzi (?). Ag., from Milngavie.
Mr. D. A. Boyd submitted a List of Uredinew which occur as
parasites on stems and leaves of plants within the Clyde Area.
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
306
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INDICES,
307
GENERAL INDEX.
Abnormalities— |
Beta maritima, 294 /
Cowslip, 110
Polypodium vulgare, 284 |
Accounts, Abstract State- |
ments of, 115, 286, 306 |
Adders, Puff, Notes on, 292, |
293
JEcidium elatinum
Auchendrane, 92;
Doonholm, 110
Agaricus (Psaliota) echina-
tus and other Fungi,
Notes on, 111
Airdrie Natural History So-
ciety, 245, 290
Albinos—
Blackbird, 105
Iulmar Petrel, 105
Tree-Pipit, 105
Wheatear, 105
America, South, A Naturalist
in, 279
Anatide, On the Down of
Species of, 104
Andersonian Naturalists’ So-
ciety, 88, 239, 241, 252,
274, 390
; Appleringie(ArtemisiaA bro-
tonum), Notes on, 22;
derivation of the name,
24, 25, 26
Ardkinglas, Fungi observed
at, 145
Arran, Notes on Geology of,
Auchans, Notes on, 244
Auchendrane and its Trees,
230; Plants observed at,
34, 244
at
at
Ballantyne, J., on the Plants
of Bute, 219
merabigiin: quadriguttatum
from Fairlie, 304
Birds observed at Dalry, 247 ;
at Campsie Glen, 255; at
Loch Riddon, 243
ee Notes on Species of,
eS St., Notes on Chapel
°
Bles, Edward dy BAY, BSe.;
F.R.S.E., on a Card Cata-
logue Record of the
Local Fauna, 112; on
Plankton, 281
Bombylius major from Loch
Riddon, 282
Bonhill, Phoridsw and other
Diptera from, 297, 298
Boyd, D. A., on eae
observed in Islay,
Coniothyrium Boydeanum
in Bute, 2 240
on the Cryptogamic 1S | Corymbetes zneus at Glen
ciety of Scotland’s Visit |
to Inveraray district, 13;
on Sclerotinia bacearum
and its Allies, 149; on
Bryum Duvalii in Lan-
arkshire, 218; on Fungi,
&e., from Cartland
Crags, 242; on Isopod
Crustacea ‘observed in
Monkland district, 246;
on Habrodon Notarisii
from Bute, 281; on
Fungus - Parasites on
Plant-stems and Leaves,
301, 303, 305
British Association at Leices-
ter, Report by Delegate
to, 292
Brown, Robert, M.D., on
Zermatt and its Flora,
108; on La Lautaret and
its Plant Life, 287
Bryum Duvyalii in Lanark-
shire, 218
Buchanan, R. M., on the
Down of Species of
Anatide, 104
esa from Fair
06
Bute, List of Plants of, 219;
notes on Antiquities in,
239, 240; occurrence of
Pseudophacidium callu-
ne and Coniothyrium
Boydeanum in, 240;
oceurrence of Habrodon
Notarisii in, 281; occur-
rence of Corymbetes
zeneus in, 301
Cairns, John, jun., on the
Maples, 276
os Two new Forms of,
237
Centrina Salviani from the
North Sea, 298
Chelifer cancroides at Glas-
gow, 283
Coatbridge Naturalists’ So-
ciety, 245
Coleoptera, Notes on, 108,
301, 304, 305
Colonsay, Rock Samphire
(Crithmum maritimum)
and Marsh Helleborine
Orchis peeeee palus-
tris) at, 1
N
‘Callum Bay, Bute, 301
Council Reports, 103, 274,
290
Council, Representative, of
Naturalists’ Societies,
280; ee ad by Delegate
to, 282
Cran gonide of Clyde, Notes
ee the Distribution of,
Crithmum maritimum: its
Distribution in Scotland,
116; its Occurrence in
Colonsay, 115, 117
Cup-and-ring Rock-mark-
ings at Blackshaw, 95
Dalry, Birds, Mollusea, and
__ Plants observed at, 247
Didea alneti: Notes on its
Occurrence at Inch Con-
_ nachan, 284
Diptera observed at Loch
Riddon, 243; at Loch
Lomond, 256; at Bar-
, 263; from ar
297,
Diptera of Clyde: Second
List, 7; Third List, 156,
Dou ee Glen, Notes on
reology of, 251
Dunagoil, Notes on Vitrified
Fort at, 239
Editor, Reports by, 103, 275,
Fider- -duck, King (Soma-
teria spectabilis), from
'Tayport, 301
Elder Park, Govan, Notes on
Birds frequenting, 209
Ellis, Professor David, D.Sc.,
Ph.D., on Microbes, 107
Elmhirst, Richard, F.LS., on
Pycnogonida collected
in the Clyde Area, 146
Epipactis palustris: its Oc-
currence in Colonsay,
115; its Distribution in
Scotland, 118
Eristalis zneus from Islay,
273; E.sepulchralis from
Islay, 293
308 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Ewing, Peter, F.LS., on Fish Fauna of the Upper Tdothea neglecta and I, viri-
Variation, 104; on Two Silurian Inlier of Lesma- dis: their Occurrence
New Forms of Carex, hagow, Notes on, 302 within the Clyde Sea
237; on Some New or Flowers, Wild, Proposed Area, 42
Little-known Forms of Public Exhibition of, 299 [dothea, Remarks on Clyde
the Genus Carex, 278; Flycatcher, Pied (Muscicapa Species of, 42
on the Leicester Meeting
of the British Associa-
tion, 297
Excursions—
Arran, 253, 264, 300
Ashgrove Loch, 111
‘Auchans, 244, 264, 284
‘Auchendrane, 88, 244, 284
Balmaha, 255, 264, 303
Bardowie, 260, 264
Ben Vorlich, 259
Blackshaw, 94, 110
Braidwood, 257, 303
Calder Glen, 252, 264, 300
panne Glen, 241, 264,
Campsie Glen, 255, 264, 301
Cartland Crags, 241, 264,
282
Graigends, 251, 264
Dalry, 238, 246, 275, 287
Doonholm, 88, 110
Doonside, 88
Dougalston, 260, 264
Dundonald, 244, 264, 284
Dunure, 252, 292
Erskine, 251, 264
Fairlie, 86, 102, 238, 275
Finlayston, 247, 264, 287
Gareloch, 95, 110
Garscube, 87
Glen Douglas, 100, 251, 264,
273, 287
Glengarnock Castle, 97,
1
atricapilla), nesting near Irvine Ramblers’ Field Club,
Girvan, 293 244
Vrew, Dr. Alexander, death | Islay, Notes on Plants of, 71,
of, 297 72, 2
Fungi, Notes on various, 111 fungi of, 119; Eristalis
Yungi observed at Gareloch, wneus from, 273; E.
95; Inveraray, 143, 144, sepulchralis from, 293
146; Ardkinglas, 145: | Isopods observed at Gare-
Dalry, 239; Hawkhead, loch, 95; in Monkland
239 : Porrance, 239; Cart- district, 246
land Crags, 242;, Mont- Isopods, Terrestrial: Species
greenan, 202 5 Craigends, new to the Clyde Faunal
252; various Excursions, Area, 80, 82, 83, 84, 86;
267 Notes on Distribution of
Rarer Species in Clyde
Area, 84, 85, 86; Two
new British Species, 298
Geological Society _of Glas-
gow, 251, 253, 274, 290
Gifts to the Society, 104, 290
Gilmour, Thomas F.,
L.R.C.P.Ed, on Occur-
rence of the Water
Betony (Scrophularia
aquatica) in Islay, 219)
Glengarnock Castle, Notes
on, 97, 98
Gobius orea: its Occurrence
within the Clyde Area, 74
Godfrey, Robert, on Mollusca
observed in Monkland
district, 246; on Cheiri-
dium museorum and
various Mollusca_ ob-
served at Dalry, 247; on
Chelifer cancroides, Lin-
otenia maritima, and
Polyxenus lagurus, 283
Gonactinia prolifera: its
Occurrence in the Firth
of Clyde, 27
Govan, see Elder Park
Grebe, Black-necked (Podi-
Johnson, Dr. Samuel: his
Visit to Auchans, 244
Johnstone, R. B., on Fungi
observed at Hawkhead
and Torrance, 239; at
Montgreenan and Craig-
ends, 252
Kelvin, Lord, death of, 295
Kelvin, River: its Course
changed after Ice Age,
87, 262
Kelvingrove Museum, On
the present position of
ue Local Collections in,
294
Kerr, Professor J. Graham,
ERS. F.LS., F.Z.8., on
the Pelagic Fauna_ob-
served off the West
1
Harelaw Dam, 94, 110
Hawkhead, 239, 275
Hunterston, 86
Johnstone Castle, 88, 104
Ladyland, 97, it
Loch Riddon, 242, 264, 282
Lochwinnoch, 241, 252, 264,
281, 300 ee me Coast of Arran during
eT Sle 50) cepes nigricollis), from s
ae pe wn A oak Helensburgh, 299 the Months of August
and September, 1905, 15
on certain Zoological
Specimens exhibited, 5:
on the Sphere of Work
Montgreenan, 251
Mountstuart, 96, 111
Perceton, 275 Habrodon Notarisii in Bute,
Rosneath, 257, 264 281 wis ‘ of Marine Biological Sta-
Rowardennan, 255, 264, 303 | Hamilton and District Field tions, 278; on “A Natur-
Sorn, 99, 111 Club, 290 alist in South America,”
219
King, James J. F. Xx. F-ES.,
on Corymbetes wneus
from Glen Callum Bay,
Bute, 301
King, Professor Leonard A.
L., M.A., on the Pyeno-
gonida or Sea-spiders
299
Henderson, Robert, on the
Diptera of Clyde (Second
List), 7;,on Some House-
hold Flies, 109; on Dry-
mia hamata, 110; on the
Diptera of Clyde (Third
List), 156, 302
Henderson, ‘T. Beath, M.D.,
on various Snakes and
other Reptiles, 107, 108,
109, 110, 111, 275, 276,
277, 284 ,
Hepatics observed at various
Excursions, 266
Hyalonema Sieboldii, Notes
on, 300, 301
Hybrids—Black Grouse and
Red Grouse, 106; Caper-
caillie and Blackeock, 107
South Bute, 239, 264, 281
Stevenston,
Strathblane, 100, 275
Pillietudlem, 257, 303
Torrance, 239, 275
West Kilbride, 102, 110
Whistlefield, 100, 273
Woodhall, 248, 264, 284
Faixlie, Notes on_ Birds of,
104, 173, 235, 276, 303
Falcon, Peregrine, Notes on
the habits of, 178
Fergusson, Anderson, . on
Coleoptera from Ran-
noch and Paisley,
Finlayston, Notes om, =4
Ladyland, Notes on, 99
Landsborough, Rev. David,
LL.D., on a Campbel-
town Palm-lily (Cordy-
line australis), 60
Lantern-slides, Exhibitions
of, 107, 276, 281, 296, 298
INDICES.
Laurie, Professor Malcolm, | Obituary—continued.
D.Se, F.R.S.E. F.LS.,
on Scorpions and their |
Allies, 107 i
Lautaret, La: Notes on its
Physical Features and
Botany, 287
Lee, John R., on Cornus
suecica from Ben Vor- |
lich, 111; on Leaf-sections
of Polytrichum, 186
Leiopus nebulosus from be- |
tween Craigallion and
Blanefield, 305 :
Lesmahagow: Notes on its
Upper Silurian Fish
Fauna, 302
Librarian, Reports by, 103,
275, 291
Lily-Palm (Cordyline aus-
. tralis) Notes on, 60
Linotenia maritima: its
occurence at
a and Loch Fyne,
Macnair, Peter, F.RS.E,, on
the present position of
the Local Collections in
the Kelvingrove Mu-
seum, 294; on the oceur-
rence of Petromyzon
marinus in the Clyde at
Uddingston, and Cen-
trina salviani in the
North Sea, 298; on the
Fish Fauna of the Upper
Silurian Inlier of Lesma-
hagow, 302
Malloch, John R., on the
Dipterous Family Phori-
dee, 153, 297 ; on Neottio-
philum preustum, 298
Membership, Statistics of,
103, 274, 291
Meta eee from Dunure,
Meteorological Notes for1905,
30; for 1906, 122; for
1907, 188
Mollusca observed in Monk-
land district, 246; at
Dalry, 247
Monkland District, Notes on,
245; Isopod_crustacea,
Mollusca, Flowering-
plants, &e., observed at,
246, 264
Mosses observed at Loch
Long, 101, 102; at various
Excursions, 265
Myriapods, Notes on, 283
Notoxus monoceros from
Monkton, 304
Fergusson, Rey.
LL.D., 287, 291
Rough |
|
Frew, Dr. Alexander, 297
Gloag, Rev. P. J., D.D., 274
Kelvin, Lord, 295
Murdoch, James Barclay,
110
Smith, W. Anderson, 274
Somerville,
F.LS., 227, 283, 291
Tennant, Sir Charles,
Bart., 274
Thom, R. Wilson, 274
Office-Bearers, Election of,
105, 104, 275, 292
Paisley Naturalists’ Society,
94, 100, 274
Palm-Lily (Cordyline aus-
tralis), Notes on, 60
Paterson, John, on the
Occurrence of the Black
Redstart (Ruticilla titys)
at Glasgow, 106; on a
Great Grey Shrike (La-
nius excubitor) from
Arran, 300
Patience, Alexander, on the
Oceurrence of Idothea
neglecta and I. viridis
within the Clyde Sea
Area, with Notes on other
Clyde Species of Idothea,
42; on the Distribution
of the Clyde Crango-
nidee, 64; on the Ocecur-
rence of Gobius orea
within the Clyde Sea
Area, 74; on some Ter-
restrial Isopoda new to
the Clyde Faunal Area,
80; on the Local Distri-
bution of certain Terres-
trial Isopods, 84; on
Further Additions to
the Crustacea of the
Clyde Sea and Faunal
Area, 285; on two new
British Species of Ter-
restrial Isopoda, 298
Pelagic Fauna observed off
est Coast of Arran,
Notes on, 1 : z
Petromyzon marinus in
a at Uddingston,
9
Phoridz, Notes on, 153
Photographs, Exhibition of,
285, 300, 304
Piezodorus lituratus from
Port Bannatyne, 277
Plover, Grey (Squatarola
helvetica): Notes on its
reported Occurrences in
Clyde, 105
Polytrichum, Notes on Leaf-
sections of, 186
Polyxenus lagurus at Rough
Island and Kintyre, 283
Protomyces bellidis at Gare-
loch, 95, 96
Pseudophacidium
in Bute, 240 ,
Pyenogonida of Clyde, List
of, 146
eallunze
Alex., B.Sc.,
309
Rainfall during 1905, 40;
1906, 135, 136, 142; 1907,
201, 202, 208
Ranunculus auricomus from
Barwharrie, Ochiltree,
284
Redstart, Black (Ruticilla
titys): on its Occurrence
at Glasgow, 106
Rennie, William, on the Birds
frequenting Elder Park,
Goyan, 209; on Birds
observed at Dalry, 247
Renwick, John, on Auchen-
drane and its Trees, 230
ase Annual, 103, 274,
Riddon, Loch, Notes on
Physical Features of,
242; Birds and Diptera
observed at, 243; Mosses,
Hepatics, &¢e., observed
at, 2
Robertson, John, on the
Nesting Dates of some
of the Waders, 62; on the
Little Stint (Tringa
minuta) at Baleray Re-
servoir, 76; on the Com-
mon Sandpiper (Totanus
hypoleucus), 77; on
Local Occurrences of
the Green Sandpiper
(Totanus ochropus), 106;
on the Nesting of the
Tree-Sparrow (Passer
montanus) in Bute, 277;
on the Nesting of the
Pied Flycatcher (Musci-
capa atricapilla) at Glen-
doune, Girvan, 293
Rosneath, Notes on, 259
Ross, Alexander, on Diptera
observed at Loch Rid-
don, 243; at Loch
Lomond, 256; at Bar-
dowie, 263; on Eristalis
eeneus from Islay, 273;
on Piezodorus lituratus
from Bute, 277; on
Bombylius major from
Loch Riddon, 282; on
Didea alneti from Inch
Connachan, 284; on
Eristalis sepulchralis
from Islay, 293; on the
Glass-rope Sponge, 301;
on a King Eider Duck
(Somateria spectabilis)
from Tayport, 301; on
Bembidium quadrigut-
tatum from Fairlie and
Notoxus monoceros from
Monkton, 304; on Lei-
opus nebulosus from
between Craigallion and
Blanefield, 305
Russell, E. S., on the Occur-
rence of Gonactinia pro-
lifera in the Firth of
Clyde, 27
Sandpiper, Common (To-
tanus hypoleucus), Notes
on, 77
310 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Sandpiper, Green (T. ochro-
pus): Notes on its Occur
rence Clyde
106, 107
Saxifraga oppositifolia: its
Occurrence in Islay, 71;
its Distribution in Scot:
land, 72, 73
Sclerotinia bacearum: Oc-
currence of its Asco-
phores at Campsie Glen,
150, 255
Sclerotinia, Notes on British
and Scottish Species of,
151, 152
Scorpions, False, Notes on,
243, 283
Service, Robert, on the
Waders of Solway, 46
Shrike, Great Grey (Lanius
ry from Arran,
Silybura, Notes on, 284
Sium erectum from
Abington, 110
Skua, Richardson’s,
on, 235
Smith, John, on a Cave-
Spider (Meta menardi),
from Dunure, 296
Solway, Waders of, 46
in Area,
near
Notes
Somerville, Alex. a, 7 lsistay
F.L.S., on the Occur-
rence of Saxifraga
oppositifolia on the Sea-
coast of Islay, 71; on the
Occurrence of the Rock
Samphire (Crithmum
maritimum), and Marsh
Helleborine Orchis (Epi-
pactis palustris), on the
West of Scotland, 115;
piancral Notice of, 297,
28
ikea eae le Records for
1905, 41; for 1906, 137,
138, 139, 142;) for
203, 204, "205, 208
Toothwort (Lathreea squa-
maria): its Distribution
in Ayrshire, 90, 91
Treasurer's Statements, 103,
275, 291
Trees, Measurements of —
Arbor-Vitae, Western, 231,
232, 234
Beech, 87, 100, 234, 261
Birch, 90, 231, 261
Birch, Golden, 233
Castanea sativa var. hetero-
phylla, 249
Cedar, Atlas, 235
Cedrus atlantica, 235
Cedrus deodara, 90
Cedrus Libani, 250
Elm, 263
El, English, 100
Fagus sylvatica, 249
Fir, Scots, 230, 235
Tir, Douglas, 92, 235
ir, Silver, 92, 93, 230, 231,
235, 258
Fraxinus Ornus, 249
Gean, American, 234
Larch, 235.
Lime, 89, 259
Lime, Cut- leaved, 254
Maple, Eagle’ s-claw, 234
Oak, 90, 93, 261
Oak, American, 87
Poplar, Black, 87
Prunus Mahaleb, 234
Quercus Cerris, 249
Robinia, 100
Service-tree, True, 252, 234
Sorb, 232
Spruce, 235
Sycamore, 93, 258
1907,
Trees, Notable, continwed—
Belton Park, 232 -
Blair-Drummond, $2
Doonholm, 89, 90
Doonside, 93
Dorsetshire, 232
Dougalston, 261
Dropmore, $2
TVinlayston, 247, 248, 249,
250, 9 51
Garscube, 87
Kilkenny, 232
Laverstoke Park, 92
Newton Don, 91
Rosneath, 24 Bi, 258
Sorn, 100
Stratton Strawless, 252
Wetherby, 252
White Knights, 232
Wyre Forest, 252
Waders, Nesting Dates of
Some, 62
Waders of Solway, 46
Weather of 1905, Remarks
on, 30; of 1906, 122; of
1907, 188
West Kilbride Natural His-
tory and Archeological
Society, 86, 88, 95, 97, 100,
238, 246, 274, 290
Whitton, James, Meteorolo-
* gical Notes by, 30, 122,188
Wilson, Robert W. S., on
Local Occurrences of the
Grey Plover (Squatarola
helvetica), 104; on the
Autumn and’ Winter
Bird-life of the Fairlie
Shore, 173; on Richard-
son’s Skua (Stercorarius
crepidatus), 235, 303; on
Birds from Fairlie ‘and
Sorn, Notes on, 99 Thuya occidentalis, 232, . Langbank,276; onNight-
Spider, Cave: Notes on its 234 jar (Caprimuleus euro-
Occurrence at Dunure, Thuya plicata, 235 peus) from Cardonald,
296 Ulmus glabra, 234 303
Sponge, Glass-rope, Notes Ulmus montana, 249 Wishart, R. S., M.A. on
Yew, 250, 257, 261 Appleringie (Artemisia
Biowark William, on various | 'Trees, Notable, at— Abrotonum), 22
Fungi, lll Arley Castle, 232 Witches’-broom on Silver-
Stint, Little (Tringa minuta) Auchendrane, 91, 92, 230, Fir, 92, 110; on Waw-
at Balgray Reservoir, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235 thorn, 233
76 Baldernock, 263 Woodhall, Notes on, 245
TOPOGRAPHICAL.
Aberdeen, 26
Aberdeen Bay, 67_
ABERDEENSHIRE, 2 25, 26, 73
Aberdeen, 26
Aberdeen’ Bay, 67
Aberdour, 73
Aberdour, 73
Abington, 110
Africa, Northern, 116
South, 276, 282
Tropical, 7
Ailsa Craig, 99, 305
Airdrie, 245
Alans, 44
Alexandra Park, 85, 136, 138,
202, 204
Alexandria, 157, 163, 164, 167,
68, 17 0, 172
Allander, 261
Alloway, ’S8, 231
Almond, Glen, 299
America, 7 3
South, 111, 279
Anderston, 297
Andes, 280
Annan, The, 49, 55
Aoidh Rock, 44, 67
Arctic Regions, 73
Ard, The, 120, 121, 293
Ardbeg, 120, 121
Arddarroch, 101, 102
Arden, 160
Ardentinny, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16,
20, 22, 158, 161
Ardgartan, 101
Ardkinglas (L. Fyne), 145
Ardkinglas (L. Long), 101
Ardlui, 260
Ardmore Point, 164
Ardneil, 178 ~
‘Ardneil Bank, 175
| Ardrossan, 99
Aoidh Rock, 4, 67
Ard, The, 120, 121, 293
Ardbeg, 120, 121
Ardentinny, 9: 13; 14, 165,
16, 20, 22, 158, 161
Ardgartan, 101
Ardkinglas (L. Fyne), 145
Ardkinglas (L. Long), 101
Ardmore Point, 164
Argyll ’sBowlingGreen, 101
Arthur, Ben, 101, 260
Benmore, 16, 18, 19, 21, 160
Blairmore, 9. 10, 14, 15, 17,
Zi 157, 158, 160, 161, 163,
164, 165, 166, 167, 170, 171
Blindman Rock, 45
Bowmore, 119
Brack, The, 101
Bridgend, 119
Bullwood. 70
Cairndow, 145
Campbeltown, 44, 60, 6),
80, 85, 106
Carradale, 68
Coilessan Burn, 101
Coilessan Farm, 101
Coilessan Glen, O51
Coiregrogain, Allt, 260
Colintraive, 8, 21, 242, 245
Colonsay, 115, 116, 7
Cornabus Burn, 219, 293
Craig Burn, 242
Cragabus, Middle, 120
Crarae, 10
Croe, Glen, 101
Dalmally, 14
Davaar Island, 45
Dubh Loch, 145
Echaig River, 9
Eek, Loch, 9; 11, 15, 157,
161, 162, 167, 170
Filein Dheirrig, 242
Eilein Dubh, 242
Finart Glen, 157, 164
Furnace, 10
Fyne, Glen, 251
Fyne, Loch, 44, 46, 67, 68,
69, 76, 78, 85, 146, 285
Gareletter Point, 8
Holy Loch, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171
Ime, Ben, 260
Inveraray, 45, 85, 143, 144,
INDICES.
Argyll’s Bowling Green, 101 | ArcyLisHtre, continued—
ARGYLLSHIRE, 12, 106
Kilbride, 120, 121
Kildalton, 119, 120, 121
Killeyan, Upper, 120
Kilmorich, 145
Kilmun, 16, 20, 21, 157, 160
Kintyre, 45, 72, 73, 106, 283
Kinty re, Mull of, 72
Lagavulin, 121
Lean, Glen, 14
Liath Eilein, 78
Lochfy neside, 107
Lochgilphead, 85
Lydoch, Loch, 287
Machrie Sand-dunes, 71
Massan, Glen, 9, 10, 12, 13,
Als 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
167, 169, 170, 171
Minard, 85
Minard’ Bay, 44, 46, 76
Narnain, Ben, 101, 260
Ormidale, 242
Otterard Rock, 44
Port-Askaig, 119, 121
Port-Ellen, 119, 120, 121,
293
Puck’s. Glen, 9, 15, 19, 157
Riddon, Loch, 10, 147, 242,
243, 264, 282
Ronachan, 283
Ruel, River, 243
St: Catherines, 107, 145
Sanda, 4
Sandbank, _ 161, 164
Sgat Mohr, 78
Shira, Glen, 145
Shirvan, 284
Skate Island, 68
Strachur, 107
Striven, Loch, 68, 147
Strone, 15, 19, 160, 161, 167
Tarbert, 8, 9, 10
Tarbert, Fast, 80
Tarbert, Fast Loch, 44, 69
Tay nuilt, 157
Tiree, 71
Arley Castle, 230
Arran, 1, 2
2, 13, 68, 73, 85, 102,
107, 118, 119, 157, 219; 240,
953, 264, 300
Arran Basin, 68, 70
Arran, Cock of, 68, 75
Arrochar, 15, 100, 260
Arthur, Ben, 101, 260
Ashgrove Loch, 111
Asia, Central, 73
311
AYRSHIRE, continued—
Ardneil Bank, 175
Ardrossan, 99
Ashgrove Loch, lll
Auchans, 244, 264, 284, 285
Auchendrane, 88, ‘91, 92, 95
94, 231, 232, 233, , 234, 244,
258, 284, 285
Auchendrane, Middle, 230
Auchendrane, Old, 104
Ayr, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91,
230, 233
Ayr, Heads of, 147
Ayr, River, 99, 100
Ballantrae Bank, 68
Ballochmyle, 99
Bargany, 93
Barr, 281
Barwharrie, 284
Beith, 173
Blackshaw, 94, 95, 110
Blairston, 90, 330, "931
Brigaird Point, ' 105, 174,
175, 178, 181, 182, 185
Brigaird Spit, 105, 174, 185,
Broadlie, 247
Brown Carrick Hill, 89
Carrick, 91, 94, 294
Catrine, 99, 100
Clachranehill, 84, 85, 86
Clavens Hill, 91
Cleuch Glen, 91
Oraigie, 234
Culzean, 244
Cuninghaine, 98
Daljarrock, 107
Dalry, 102, 150, 254, 238, 239,
246, 247, "275, , 284, 287
Dalry Road, 95
Dalry Road, Old, 95
Dickie’s Burn, 276
Doon, 88, 91, 334
Doon; Auld ‘Brig 0’, 89
Doon, Brigs 0’, 89
Doonholm. 73, 88, 89, 90,
91, 93, 94, 110
Doonside, 88, 94
Drybridge, 24
Dundonald, 20, 90, 91, 244,
264, 284
Dundonald Castle, 244
Dundonald Glen, 20, 21,
163, 164, 168, 169
Dunure, 163, 164, 252, 292,
296
Fairlie, 86, 87, 102, 104, 105,
145, 146, 294 Atlantic, 3 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 235,
Inveraray Castle, 287 Auchans, 244, 264, 284, 285 238, 239, 275, 276, 300, 303,
Islay, 71, 72, 73, 109, 119,| Auchendrane, 88, 91, 92, 93, 304
120, 219, 273, 293, 300 Fairlie Roads, 174, 177, 179,
Ard, The, 120, 121, 295
Ardbeg, 120, 121
94, 231, 232, 933, 534, O44.
258, 281, “285 181, 185, 303
Auchendrane, Middle, 230 Fairlie Sands, 7 75, 147, 174,
Bowmore, 119 Auchendrane, Old, 104 182, 184
Bridgend, 119 Australian Coast, i Yence Bay, ati 179, 180, 181
Cornabus Burn, 219, 295] Ayr, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 230, Fencefoot, 181
Cragabus, Middle, 120 233 Gailes, 191, 158, 161, 162,
Kilbride, 120, 121 Ayr, Heads of, 147 163, 165, 167, 171
Kildalton, 119, 120, 121 Ayr, River, 99, 100 Garnock, River, 97
Killeyan, Upper, 120 AYRSHIRE, 73, ’80, 93, 107, 108, Garnock, Mouth of, 80, 86
- Lagavulin, 121 116, 150, 17 3, 185, 219, 234, Giffordland, 281
2 Machrie Sand- dunes, 71 240, 952, 254, 281, 287, Girvan, 62, 85, 293
Oa, Mull of, 72,7 294, 296 Glendoune, 293
Port-Askaig, 119, 121 Ailsa Craig, 99, 305 Glengarnock, 98
Port-Ellen, 119, 120, 121,) Alloway, 88, 231 Gen eseacee Castle, 97, 98
293 Ardneil, 178 111
312 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
AYRSHIRE, continwed—
Goldenberry, 175
Green Point, 177, 181
Gull’s Walk, 185
Hailie Shore, 46, 67
Highthorn, 86
Hunterston, 86, 87, 174, 175,
177, 178, 181, 185
Hyndog Glen, 246, 247
Irvine, 98
Kelburne, 179
Kilbirnie, 97, 150, 254
Kilbride, West, 85, 86, 94,
95, 96, 102, 150, 157, 165,
240, 303
Kilkerran, 231
Kilmarnock, 293
Kilmaurs, 98
Kilwinning, 80, 84, 85
Kirkoswald, 245
Ladyland, 98, 111
Largs, 46, 67, 107, 150
Largs Channel, 68, 75
Law Hill, 95
Lendalfoot, 173
Loudoun, 234
Maybole, 90, 244
Monkton, 234, 304
Montgomery Estate, 21
Montgreenan, 251, 252, 264,
287
206
Newark Hill, 89
Ochiltree, 284
Oliphant, Mount, 94
Perceton, 275
Pinmore, 108
Portineross, 174, 175, 177,
183
Portineross Castle, 45
Poteath, 175, 178, 181
Poteath Bay, 177, 178, 180,
185
Ryefield, 247
Rye Valley, 246
Seamill, 96 :
Shalloch - on - Minnoch
Moor, 281
Sorn, 91, 99, 100, 111
Sorn Castle, 99
Southannan, 176
Stevenston, 111
Todhills, 84, 85
Tofts Meal Mill, 247
Troon, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20,
21, 105, 161, 162, 164, 165,
166, 167, 168, 170, 171
Baldernock, 263
Balgray Reservoir, 76, 79, 102
Ballantrae Bank, 68
Balloch, 256
Ballochmyle, 99
Balmaha, 255, 256, 264, 303,
305
Balmaha, Pass of, 256
BANFFSHIRE, 73
Gamrie, 73
Bardowie, 260, 262, 263, 264
Bardowie Loch, 15, 168, 261,
262
Bardrane Glen, 161, 164
Bargany, 93
Barnhill, 55
Barnsoul of Irongray, 51
Barr, 281
Barreman, 95
Barrier Plateau, 65, 68, 70
Barwharrie, 284
Bearsden, 87
Beith, 173
Bellahouston Park, 136, 139,
202, 205, 215
Belton Park, 232
Benmore, 16, 18, 19, 21, 160
Benyellary, 63
Bergen, 28
Bergensfiord, 28
BerwicksuirEe, 91, 118, 305
Newton Don, 91
Birmingham, 284, 294
Bishop Loch, 17, 160, 166, 169,
170, 171, 172
Black Park, 156
Blackpark Plantation, 23
Black Back, 177, 178, 179,
1
Black Sea, 116
Blackshaw (Ayrsh.), 94, 95,110
Blackshaw (Dumfr.), 53
Blackwaterfoot, 2, 3
Blair-Drummond, 92
Blairmore, 9, 10, 14, 15, 17, 21,
157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164,
165, 166, 167, 170, 171
Blairston, 90, 230, 231
Blanefield, 305
Blantyre, High, 241
Blindman Rock, 45
Bolivia, 301
Bonhill, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
153, 297 ;
Botanic Gardens, 84, 85, 111,
136, 139, 202
Bothwell, 246
Bourg d’Oisans, 287
Bowling, 8, 13, 14, 16, 164,
166, 167, 171
Bowmore, 119
Brack, The, 101
Braidwood, 257, 303
Brazil, 280
Breadalbane Mountains, 238
Briangon, 287
Bridgend, 119
Bridgeton, 22
Brigaird Point, 105, 174, 175,
178, 181, 182, 185
Be Spit, 105, 174, 185,
03
Britain, 24, 47, 83, 115, 151,
153, 284, 303
British Isles, 23, 80, 144, 145
Broadlie, 247
Brodick, 253, 254
Brodick Pier, 253
Broomielaw, 298
Brown Carrick Hill, 89
Buckinghamshire, 300
Budapest, 8
Bullwood, 70
9
180,
281
Bute, Kyles of, 242
Bute, North, 221
Bute, South, 156, 157, 158, 159,
160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
167, 168, 169, 171, 239, 264,
281, 285, 301
Buresuire, 73
Alans, 44
Arran, 1, 2, 13, 68, 73, 85,
102, 107, 118, 119, 157,
219, 240, 253, 264, 300
Blackwaterfoot, 2, 3
Brodick, 253, 254
Brodick Pier, 253
Clauchland Hills, 253,
256
Clauchland Point, 253,
“0
Cock of Arran, 68, 75
Corriegills, 253, 254
Dun Dubh, 253
Dun Fionn, 253, 254
Goatfell, 157, 254
Invercloy, 254
King’s Cross, 44, 45, 46,
66, 85
Lamilash, 300
Lamlash Bay, 3, 44, 45,
46, 66, 69, 70
Rosa, Glen, 102
Whiting Bay, 157
Arran Basin, 68, 70
Black Park, 156
Blackpark Plantation, 239
Blackwaterfoot, 2, 3
Brodick, 253, 254
Brodick Pier, 253
Bute, 62, 63, 73, 78, 85, 96,
105, 156, 219, 220, 221,
276, 277, 281
Black Park, 156
eae de Plantation,
Bute, North, 221
Bute, South, 156, 157, 158,
159, 160, 162, 163, 164,
165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
171, 239, 264, 281, 285,
301
Dunagoil, 239, 240
Dunagoil Bay, 156, 239
Ittrick Bay, 44, 45, 46, 69
Glen Callum Bay, 301
Kilblain, 240
Kilchattan Bay, 156, 157,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
iy 166, 167, 169, 170,
Kilchattan Golf-course,
156
Kilchattan Pier, 239
Kingarth, 221, 240
Largizean, 239
Lubas, 239
Mountstuart, 96, 111, 156,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171, 172
Port-Bannatyne, 277
Rothesay, 80, 84, 85, 96,
220, 221
St. Blane’s, 156
St. Blane’s Chapel, 240
Scalpsie Bay, 75
Suidhe Chatain, 240
Suidhe Hill, 156
_ Suidhe Wood, 156, 239
Castle Bay, 27, 28
Clauchland Hills, 253 254
Clauchland Point, 253, 254
Cock of Arran, 68, 75
Corriegills, 253, 254
Buresuire, continued—
Cumbrae, 28, 44, 45, 46, 47,
68, 80, 84, 85, 177, 181,219
Alans, 44
Garrison Bay, 44, 46, 67,69
Kames Bay, 66, 85
Keppel Pier, 75, 148, 149
Millport, 44, 46, 66, 67, 69,
85, 147, 279
Millport Bay, 44
Millport Marine Station,
1, 44, 228, 229, 278
Cumbrae, Little, 27, 28, 44,
107, 182
Cumbraes, 148
Dunagoil, 239, 240
Dunagoil Bay, 156, 239
Dun Dubh, 253
Dun Fionn, 253, 254
Ettrick Bay, 44, 45, 46, 69
Garrison Bay, 44, 46, 67, 69
Glen Callum Bay, 301
Goatfell, 157,254 __
Inchmarnock, 70, 78, 219
Invercloy, 254
Kames Bay, 66, 85
Keppel Pier, 75, 148, 149
Kilblain, 240
Kilchattan Bay, 156, 157,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
164, 166, 167, 169, 170,
240
Kilchattan Golf-course, 156
Kilchattan Pier, 239
Kingarth, 221, 240
Hines ‘Cross, 44, 45, 46, 66,
5
Lamlash, 300
Lamlash Bay, 3, 44, 45, 46,
66, 69, 70
Largizean, 239
Lubas, 239
Millport, 44, 46, 66, 67, 69,
___ 85, 147, 279
Millport Bay, 44
Millport Marine Station, 1,
44, 228, 229, 278 .
Mountstuart, 96, 111, 156,
158, 159, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171, 172
Port-Bannatyne, 277
Rosa, Glen, 102
ae 80, 84, 85, 96, 220,
St. Blane’s, 156
St. Blane’s Chapel, 240
Scalpsie Bay, 75
Suidhe Chatain, 240
Suidhe Hill, 156
Suidhe Wood, 156, 239
Whiting Bay, 157
Cadder, 9, 11, 12,15, 16, 161,
162, 165, 166, 167, 169
Cadder Wilderness, 11, 14,
17, 19, 20, 161, 170, 172, 504
Caerlaverock, 54
Cairndhu Point, 259
Cairndow, 145
Cairnsmores, 52
Caleutta, 227
Calder, 253
Calder Glen, 150, 252, 300
Calder Water, North, 246
INDICES.
Calderwood Estate, 241
Calderwood Glen, 17, 21, 171,
241, 264, 284
California, 47, 301
Cambridge Museum of
Zoology, 6.
Cambridge University, 250
Cambuslang, 8, 9, 15, 14, 16,
18, 21, 161, 162, 163, 164,
166, 167, 170, 171
Campbeltown, 44, 60, 61, 80,
85, 1
Camphill Gardens, 82, 83, 84,
85
Campete Glen, 150, 255, 264,
30.
Campsie Hills, 255
Canal, Forth and Clyde, 9,12
Canal, Monkland, 15, 21
Canaries, 50.
Cantire, see Kintyre
Cape Colony, 276
Cardonald, 305
Cardross, 12, 158, 159, 163,
164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171
Carmyle, 11
Carntyne, 83, 85
Carradale, 68
Carrick, 91, 94, 294
Carsthorn, 54, 56
Cart, 300
Cart, White, 78
Cartland, Crags, 8, 10, 241,
Castle Bay, 27, 28
Castle Douglas, 55
Castlemilk, 14, 19, 164
oe Semple Loch, 241, 253,
1
Cathkin Quarry, 15, 169, 172
Catrine, 99, 100
Chaco, Gran, 280
Channel Islands, 117
Christiania, 83
Chryston, 84, 85, 106
Clachan Burn, 258
Clachan House, 257
Clachranehill, 84, 85, 86
Clauchland Hills, 253, 254
Olauchland Point, 253, 254
Clavens Hill, 91
Cleddans, 87
Cleghorn Woods, 241, 242
Cleuch Glen, 91
Clober Dam, 13, 16, 19, 157
Closeburn, 59
Clyde, 42, 44, 63, 70, 75, 76, 88,
105, 109, 144, 147, 149, 173,
218, 262, 298
Clyde Area, 7, 80, 86, 106, 107,
108, 112, 150, 151, 182, 218,
235, 240, 243, 247, 274, 280,
285, 287, 293, 297, 298, 302,
303, 304, 305
Clyde, Firth of, 1, 4, 27, 43,
45, 65, 68, 71, 75, 76, 106,
239, 278, 279, 297
Clyde Isles, 219
Clyde Sea Area, 42, 64, 65, 70,
74, 110, 227, 274, 285, 299
Clydesbrae, 85
Clydesdale, 246, 282
‘Clynder, 95
Cock of Arran, 68, 75
Coilessan Burn, 101
Coilessan Farm, 101
313
Coilessan Glen, 251
Coiregrogain, Allt, 260
Colintraive, 8, 21, 242, 243
Colonsay, 115, 116, 117
Cornabus Burn, 219, 293
Corriegills, 253, 254
Cornwall, 116
Cragabus, Middle, 120
Craigallion, 100, 305
Graigallion Loch, 158, 165, 168
Craig Burn, 242
Craigendoran, 95
Craigends, 251, 252, 264
Craigie, 234
Craignethan Castle, 257
Craigton Wood, 162
Crail, 102, 106
Crarae, 10
Crawford, 218, 305
Cree, Sands of, 53
Crocketford, 51
Croe, Glen, 101
Crookston, 21, 22, 160, 161,
167, 168
Crossford, 257
Crow Road, 255
Culzean, 244
Cumbrae, 28, 44, 45, 46, 47, 68,
80, 84, 85, 177, 181, 219
Cumbrae, Little, 27, 28, 44,
107, 182
Cumbraes, 148
Cummertrees, 53
Cuninghame, 98
Daljarrock, 107
Dalkeith Park, 305
Dalmally, 144
Dalmarnock, 14
Dalry, 102, 150, 234, 238, 239,
246, 247, 275, 284, 287
Dalry Road, 95
Dalry Road, Old, 95
Dauphiny, 287
Davaar Island, 45
Dee, 49, 56, 59
Dee Area, 150 [
Dennistoun, 22, 165, 167, 172
Dickie’s Burn, 276
Doon, 88, 91, 234
Doon, Auld Brig 0’, 89
Doon, Brigs 0’, 89
Doonholm, 73, 88, 89, 90, 91,
93, 94, 110
Doonside, 88, 94
Dorsetshire, 232
Dougalston, 15, 17, 107, 168,
170, 172, 260, 262, 264
Dougalston Loch, 261
Douglas, Glen, 100, 251, 264,
273, 287
Dover Cliffs, 117
Dropmore, 92
Drumore, 55
Drumpellier, 245
Drumry, 87, 88, 262
Drybridge, 244
Dubh Loch, 145
DumearronsHire, 12, 87, 106,
107, 111, 173, 260, 297
Alexandria, 157, 163, 164,
167, 168, 170, 172
Allander, 261
Arddarroch, 101, 102
Arden, 160
314 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
DUMBARTONSHIRE, cont.— DUMBARTONSHIRE, cont.— Fairfield, 209
Ardlui, 260 Rahane, 96 Yair Isle, 106
Arrochar, 15, 100, 260 Rosneath, 257, 259, 264 Fairlie, 86, 87, 102, 104, 105,
Balloch, 256 Rosneath, Castle of, 258 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 238,
Barreman, 95 Rosneath, Kirkton of, 258 238, 239, 275, 276, 300, 303,
Bearsden, | 87 Row, 157, 259 304
Bonhill, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, ‘Tullich Hill, 251 Fairlie Roads, 174, 177, 179,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, Vorlich, Ben, 1S 209 181, 185, 303
153, 297 Whistlefield, 100, 101, 2 273 | Fairlie sae 75, 147, 174,
Bowhng, 8, 13, 14, 16, 164, | Dumfin, 305 182, 184
166, 167, 171 Dumfries, 50, 57, 144 r alloch, Glen, 251
Cairndhu Point, 259 DumrrirssHIre, 51, 53, 59, 56, Falmouth, 28, 249
Cardross, 12, 158, 159, 163, 218 Farne Isles, 63
164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171 Annan, The, 49, 55 Fence Bay, 178, 179, 180, 181
Clachan Burn, 258 Blackshaw, 53 Fencefoot, 181
Clachan House, 257 Barnsoul of Irongray, 51 Ferguston, 87
Cleddans, 87 Cummertrees, 53 lernicarry, 259
Clober Dam, 13, 16, 19, 157 Caerlaverock, 54 Fiddler Gill, 257
Clynder, 95 Closeburn, 59 Viresutn, 115, 118, 300
Craigendoran, 95 Dumifries, 50, 57, 144 Crail, 102, 106
Craigton Wood, 162 Jardine Hall, 55 Tay port, 301
Dougalston, 13, 17, 107, 168, Irongray, Barnsoul of, 51 | I" inlayston, 247, 248, 249, 251,
470, 172, 260, d62) 264 Kirkmichael, 54, 55 264, 287
Dougalston Loch, 261 Kirkland, 55 Vinart Glen, 157, 164
Douglas, Glen, 100, 251, Lochar, 53 Vinnart, 101
264, 273, 287 Lochmaben, 48 Finnich, Glen, 14, 161, 165
Drumzry, 87, 88, 262 Moffat, 47, 144 Vintry, 255
Duntocher, 87 Nith, 49, 56, 57 Fladsholmen, Island of, 28
Ferguston, 87 Nith Estuary, 54 Fleet Bay, 49
Fernicarry, 259 Queensberry, 48 Floroe, 28
Finnart, iol Sanquhar, 47 Forfarshire, lil
Fruin, Glen, 12 Dungoyne, 161 Formosa, 61
Gareloch, 65, NOS 95;00 Obs Dunagoil, 239, 240 Fort Matilda
110, 262 Dunagoil Bay, 156, 239 Forth, 251, 262, 304
Garelochhead, 85, 95, 96 Dundonald, Zo, 90, 91, 244, | Forth and Clyde Canal, 72
Garscadden, 87, 107, 262 264, 284 Forth, Firth of, 67
Garscube, 87, 88, 165 Dundonald Castle, 244 Trance, 23, 24, 25, 26, 108, 287,
Helensburgh, 13, 15, 18, 20, | Dundonald Glen, 20, 21, 163, 288
100, 299 164, 168, 169 Frankfield, 21, 156, 157 ke
Helensburgh Moor, 9, 19, | Dun Dubh, 253 Frankfield Farm, 156
157, 160, 171, 172 Dun Fionn, 253, 254 Frankfield Loch, 14, 15, 17,
Inch Connachan, 159, 165, | ungeon Loch, 47 19, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,
284 Duntocher, 87 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
Inch Moan, 10, 18 Duntulm Castle, 117 167, 169, 171, 172
Inch Tavannach, 13, 157,| Dunure, 163, 164, 252, 292, | Ifruin, Glen, 12
164, 171 296 Furnace, 10
Invergroin, 251 Durham, 294 lyne, Glen, 251
Inveru glas Water, 260 Durisdeer Hill, 218 Iyne, Loch, 44, 46, 67, 68, 69,
Kilbowie, 9, 87, 99° 76, 78, 85, 146, 283
Killermont, 88, 262 Gailes, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163,
Kilmardinny, 262 165, 167, 171
Kilpatrick, East, 260 Eaglesham, 14 Galloway, 56
Kilpatrick Hills, 63, 78 Eaglesham Moors, 63 G patie V5 ce of, 116
Kilpatrick, New, 260 East Coast, 26, 47, 304 Gamzrie,
Lady Loch, 261, 263 Echaig, River, 9 Garcleieee Point, 8
Lenzie, 9, 14, 21 Eck, Loch, 9, 11, 15, 157, 161, ] Gareloch, 65, 70, 95, 96, 110,
Litilros, 259 162, 167, 170 262
Little Hill, 200 Edinbur ch, 238, 245, 305 Garelochhead, 85, 95, 96
Long, Loch, 100, 101 Eilein Dheirrig, 242 Garnock, River, 97
Luss Glen, 13, 16, 161, 165, |} Eilein Dubh, 242 Garnock, Mouth of, 80, 86 .
167, 168 Elder Park, 09, 215, 217, 301 | Garrison Bay, 41, 46, 67, 69
Mambeg, 96, 259 England, 91, 92, 116, 118, 230, | Garscadden, 87, 107, 262
Mamore, 259 232, 250, 252, 277, 279, | Garscube, 87, 88, 165
Mekill Ros, 259 284, 294 Gartloch, 13
Millichen, 87, 262 England, North of, 73, 304 Gascoigne, Gulf of, 75
Milngavie, 13, 100, 107, 157, | E ngland, South of, 504 George Square, 136, 139, 202,
160, 162, 168, 170, 172; 200, English Channel, 117 205
275, 305 Erskine, 8, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, | Germany, 92
Murroch Glen, 11, 13, 14, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162; Giffnock, 168
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, | Giffordland, 284
154, 157, 158, 160, 162, 165, 170, 171, 172, 251, 252, | Gilmorehill, 227
166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 264 Girvan, 62, 85, 293
172 Espevar, 75 Glasgow, 72, 78, 85,87, 199;
Northfield Moor, 15, 157,| Ettrick Bay, 44, 45, 46, 69 100, LOL, 105, 122, 126, 129,
163, 164, 167, 168, 170, 172 | Europe, 73, 116, 284, 301 131, 227° 260, 262; 276, 279,
Portkill, 259 Europe, Southern, 24, 289 280, 283, 298
Glasgow, continued—
Academy, 227
Alexandra Park, 85, 136,
138, 202, 204
Anderston, 227
Bellahouston Park,
139, 202, 205, 215
Botanic Gardens, 84, 85,
111, 136, 139, 202
Bridgeton, 22
Broomielaw, 298
Camphill Gardens, 82, 83,
84, 85
Carntyne, 173
Carntyne Road, 83, 85
College, 227
Cumbernauld Road, 83
Dement Do 365, 167;
12
George Square, 136, 139,
202, 205
Gilnorehill, 227
Glassford Street, 260
Great Western Road, 106
Green, 136, 139, 202, 205
Hangingshaw, 107
High Street, 227
Kelvindale, 88
Kelvingrove Museum, 294,
299
Kelvingrove Park, 136, 138,
on 9
136,
lay & 5
Kelvinside, $8
Kibble Palace, 111 :
ss ay Park, 136, 138, 202,
20:
Mitchell Library, 8, 291
People’s Palace, 83, 85,
299
Pollokshaws Road, 78
Queen’s Park, 84, 85, 122,
136, 138, 141, 142, 188,
202, 204, 207, 208, 303
ie ii Churchyard,
26
Riddrie, 173
Rouken Glen, 107
Rucehill Park, 136, 139, 202,
205, 261
St. David’s Churchyard,
»
260
Shawfield, 260
Tolleross Park, 136, 159,
202, 205
University, 5, 227, 278,
295
Victoria Road, 78
Glazert Water, 151, 255
Glen Callum Bay, 301
Glendoune, 293
Glengarnock, 98
ame Castle, 97, 98,
1
Glenlee, 51
Glesvar, 28
Goatfell, 157, 254
Goil, Loch, 68, 101, 262
Goldenberry, 175
Gourock, 11, 108
Govan, 209, 301
Gowk Stane, 100
Gran Chaco, 280
Greenock, 85
Green Poit, 177, 181
Grenoble, 288
Gull’s Walk, 185
INDICES.
Haddingtonshire, 118
Hailie Shore, 46, 67
Hamburg, 92, 231
Hammerfest, 28
Hampshire, 92
Hangingshaw, 107
Hardangerfjord, 75
Harelaw Dam, $4, 110
Harris, 72
Hawkhead, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16,
18, 19, 20, 21, 78, 157, 158,
160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172, 239, 275
Heasgarnich, Beinn, 237
Hebrides, 3, 115, 120, 235, 244
Hebrides, Outer, 72, 107
Hebrides, South Inner, 71
Helensburgh, 13, 15, 18, 20,
100, 299
Helensburgh Moor, 9, 19, 157,
160, 171, 172
Hemisphere, Northern, 73
Hensol, 51 |
Herefordshire, 284
Hestan, 49
Highlands, Western, 254:
Highthorn, 86
Holy Isle, 45
Holy Loch, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164,166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171
Howwood, 241
Hundred-acre Park, 305
Hlunterston, 86, 87, 174, 175,
177, 178, 181, 185
Hyndog Glen, 246, 247
Ime, Ben, 260
Inch-Connachan, 159, 165,
284
TInchmarnock, 70, 78, 219
Inch-Moan, 10, 18
Ips veyamnesh, 15, 157, 164,
71
India, 107, 227
Inveraray. 45, 85, 143, 144, 145,
146, 294
Inveraray Castle, 287
Invercloy, 254
Invergroin, 251
Inverkip, 157, 165
INVERNESS-SHIRE—
Duntulm Castle, 117
Harris, 72
Inverness, West, 72
Kilmuir, 117
St. Kilda, 105
Skye, 72, 117, 118, 119
Inverness, West, 72
Inveruglas Water, 260
Ireland, 93, 116, 277
Ireland, West of, 73
Irvine, 98
Islay, 71, 72, 73, 109, 119, 120,
219, 273, 293, 300
Jamaica, 277
Japan, 60, 61, 300
Jardine Hall, 55
Jerusalem, 25
Johnstone, 161
Johnstone Castle, 88, 104
315
Kames Bay, 66, 85
Kelburne, 179
Kelvin, River, 87, 88, 261, 262
. Kelvindale, 88
_Kelvingrove Museum, 294,
299
Kelvingrove Park, 136, 138,
202, 204
Kelvinside, 88
Kenmare River, 116
Kensington, South, 151
Keppel Pier, 75, 148, 149
Kerry, County, 116
Kew, 233
Kew Gardens, 298
Kibble Palace, 111
Kilbirnie, 97, 150, 234
Kilblain, 240
Kilbowie, 9, 87, 99
Kilbrannan Sound, 44, 68,75
Kilbride, 120, 121
Kilbride, East, 20, 171, 239
Kilbride, West, 85, 86, 94, 95,
oe 102, 150, 157, 165, 240,
Kilchattan Bay, 156, 157, 159,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166,
167, 169, 170, 240
Kilchattan Golf-course, 156
Kilchattan Pier, 239
Kildalton, 119, 120, 121
Kilkenny, 232
Kilkerran, 231
Killermont, 88, 262
Killeyan, Upper, 120
Killin, 102, 144
Killoch Glen, 303
Kilmacolm, 249
Kilmardinny, 262
Kilmarnock, 293
Kilmaurs, 98
Kilmorich, 145
Kilmuir, 117
Kilmun, 16, 20, 21, 157, 160
Kilpatrick, East, 260
Kilpatrick Hills, 63, 78
Kilpatrick, New, 260
Kilwinning, 80, 84, 85
Kindar, Loch, 51
Kingarth, 221, 240
King’s Cross, 14, 45, 46, 66,85
Kintyre, 45, 72, 73, 106, 285
Kintyre, Mull of, 72
Kirkeudbright Museum, 54
JXIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE, 51, 65,
116, 117
Barnhill, 55
Benyellary, 63
Cairnsmores, 52
Carsethorn, 54, 56
Castle-Douglas, 55
Crocketford, 51
Dee, 49, 56, 59
Dungeon, Loch, 47
Vleet Bay, 49
Glenlee, 51
Hensol, 51
Hestan, 49
Kindar, Loch, 51
Sor pepe Museum,
Lochrutton, 54
Murray Isles, 49
Rockclifte, 53
Ross, 49, 59
Rough Island, 49, 285 ,
316 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIBTY OF GLASGOW.
IKIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE, cont.—
Slogarie, 51
Southerness, 49, 52, 53, 54
Southerness Point, 52, 53,
59
Southwick, 48
Terregles, 35
Urr, 56
Kirkland, 55
Kirkmichael, 54, 5
Kirkoswald, 45
Kyles of Bute, 242
Ladyland, 98, 111
Lady Loch, 261, 263
Lagavulin, 121
Lamlash, 300
Lamlash Bay, 3, 44, 45, 46,
66, 69, 70
Lanark, 83, 84, 85, 86, 285
LANARKSHIRE, 80, 218, 305
Abington, 110
Airdrie, 245
Avon, Gorge of, z 9, 10, 12,
14, 15, 16, 17 18, 19, 20,
157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164,
165, 166, 170, 17
Bishop Loch, 17, 160, 166,
169, 170, 171, 172
Blantyre, ‘High, 241
Bothwell, 246
Braidwood, 257, 303
Busby, 172
Cadder, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16,
C 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 169
Cadder Wilderness, 11, 14,
17, 19, 20, 161, 170, 172, 304
Calder Water, North, 246
Calderwood Estate, 241
Calderwood Glen, 17, 21,
171, 241, 264, 284
Cambuslang, 8, 9, 15, 14,
16, 18, 21, 161, 162, 163,
164, 166, 167, 170, 171
Canal, Monkland, 13, 21
Carmyle, 11
Cartland Crags, 8, 10, 241,
264, 282
Castlemilk, 14, 19, 164
Cathkin Quarry, 15, 169,172
Chryston, 84, 85, 106
Cleghorn Woods, 241, 242
Clyde, 218
Clydesbrae, 8
Craignethan Castle, 257
Crawford, 218, 305
Crossford, 257
Dalmarnock, 4
Drumpellier, 245
Durisdeer Hill, 218
Elder Park, 209, 215, 217,
301
Fairfield, 209
Frankfield, 21, 156, 157
Frankfield Farm, 156
Franktield Loch, 14, 15, 17,
19, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
167, 169, 171; 172
Gartloch, 15
Govan, 209, 301
Kilbride, East, 20, 171, 259
Lanark, 83, 84, 85, 86, 285
Lesmahagow, 302
Lochend Loch, 159, 163
LANARKSHIRE, contirucd-—
Lumloch, 21
Maryhill, 87, 261
Millbrae, 84, 85
Mill, Plantation, 9, 11, 15,
16, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167,
169
Monkland, 245, 264, 284
Monkland Canal, 13, 21,
156, 160, 164, 165, 166, 167, |
168, 169, 170, 171, 172
Monkland House, 245 5, 284
Monkland, New, 245, 246
Monkland, Old, 245, 246
Mouse Water, 286
Poplar Park, 83, 84, 86
Possil Marsh, 9, U1, 14, 15,
1%, 21,222, 158, 160, 161,
162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172, 204
Potrail, 218
Renfrew Road, 209, 214
Rutherglen, 20, 164, 172
Stepps, 102, 299
Stepps W ood, eles was
bpp erag 157, 158, 160,
161, 162, 163, 166, 172
Stonebyr es, 85
Tillietudlem, 257, 303
Torrance, 239, 275
Tinto, 218
Uddingston, 298
Woodend Loch, 165
Woodhall, 245, 346, 264, 284
Langbank, 13) 14, 44, 70, 84,
85, 160, 162, 166, 169, 247,
276
L ancashire, 63
Largizean, 239
Largs, 46, 67, 107, 150.
Largs Channel, 68, 75
Lautaret, La, 287, 288, 289
Laverstoke Park, 92
Law Hill, 95
paar. Ben, 237
Lean, Glen, 14
Leicester, 291, 292
Lendalfoot, 173
Lennoxtown, 255
Lenzie, 9, 14, 21
Lesmahagow, 302
Lewis, 273
Liath Hilein, 78
Libo, Loch, 160
Litilros, 259
Little Hill, 260
Lochar, 55
Lochend Loch, 159, 163
Lochfyneside, 107
Lochgilphead, 85
Lochmaben, 48
Lochrutton, 54
Lochside, 241
Lochwinnoch, ra 252, 253,
264, 281, 300
Lomond, Ben, 72, 256
Lomond, Loch, 10, 160, 251,
256, 262, 284
London, 231, 298
Long, Loch, 8, 68, 100, 101,
251, 262
Loudoun, 2 254
Lowlands, 304
Lowther Hills, 218
Lubas, 239
Luce Bay, 49, 55
| Luss Glen, 13, 16, 161, 165,
167, 168
Lydoch, Loch, 287
| Lyons, 288
Machrie Sand-dunes, 71
Madagascar, 301
Mambeg, 96, 259
Mamore, 259
Maryhill, 87, 261
| Massan, Glen, 9, 10, 12, 13,
21, 156, 157, 158, 159,.160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166,
167, 169, 170, 171
ley Park, 136, 138, 202,
| Maybole, 90, 244
Mearns Moors, 62, 63, 64
Mediterranean, 28, 116
Mekill Ros, 259
Miptoruian, 116, 118, 245
Edinburgh, 258, 245, 305
Dalkeith Park, 305
Newbattle Abbey, 245
Roslin, 305
Millbrae, 84, 85
Millichen, 87, 262
Mill Plantation, 9, 11, 15, 16,
161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 169
Millport, 44, 46, 66, 67, 69, 85,
147, 279
Millpor t Bay, 44
Millport Marine Station, 1,
44, 228, 229, 278
Milngavie, 13, 100, 107, 157,
160, 162, 168, 170, 172, 200,
275, 305
Minard, 85
Minard Bay, 44, 46, 76
Mitchell ae 8, 291
Moffat, 47,
Monkland, ‘35, 264, 284
Monkland Canal, 13, 21, 158,
160, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172
Monkland House, 245, 284
Monkland, New, 245, 246
Monkland, Old, 245, 246
Monkton, 234, 304
Montgomery Estate, 21
Montgreenan, 251, 252, 264,
ee Firth, 67
Morlaggan, 101
Mountstuart, 96, 111, 156, 158,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164.
165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170,
171, 172°
Mouse Water, 285
Muck, Island of, 78
Muggie Point, 70
Murray Isles, 49
Murroch Glen, 11, 13, 14, 1,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
154, 157, 158, 160, 162, 165,
166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
172
Naples, Marine Station, 278,
279
Narnain, Ben, 101, 260
Newark Hill, 89
Newbattle Abbey, 245
Newton Don, 91
oe eit 61, 111,
Nith, 49, 56, 57
Nith’ Estuary, 54
Norfolk, 232
Northfield Moor, 15, 157, 163,
164, 167, 168, 170, 172
North Sea, 3, 47, 298
Northumberland, 294
Norway, 58, 83
Noumea, 28
Nutberry Hill, 302
Oa, Mull of, 72, 73
Ochiltree, 284
Oliphant, Mount, 94
Olton, 294
Orkney, 235
Ormidale, 242
Otterard Rock, 44
Paisley, 99
Pampa, 280
Paradise, 248
Paraguay, 280
Perceton, 275
People’s Palace, 83, 85, 299
Perth, 144
PERTHSHIRE, 118, 299
Almond, Glen, 299
Breadalbane Mountains,
38
Falloch Glen, 251
Heasgarnick, Beinn, 23
Killin, 102, 144
Lawers, Ben, 237
Perth, 144
Rannoch, 305
Tay, 26
Pinmore, 108
Pollok, Nether, 70, 106
Pollok, Upper, 303
Poonah, 284
Poplar Park, 83, 84, 86
Port-Askaig, 119, 121
Port-Bannatyne, 277
Port-Kllen, 119, 120, 121, 293
Portincross, 174, 175, 177, 183
Portineross Castle, 45
Portkill, 259
Port-Said, 102
Port-William, 55
Possil Marsh, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17,
21, 22, 158, 160, 161, 162,
163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169,
170, 171, 172, 294
Poteath, 175, 178, 181
Poteath Bay, 177, 178, 180, 185
Potrail, 218
Puck’s Glen, 9) 15,19; 157
Queensberry, 48
Queen’s Park, 84, 85, 122, 136,
138, 141, 142, 188, 202, 204,
207, 208, 303
Rahane, 96
Rannoch, 108, 305
Reading, 232
Renfrew Road, 209, 214
INDICES.
281, | RenrrewsuHire, 63, 76, 94, 105,
106, 281, 300
Bardrane Glen, 161, 164
Busby, 172
Calder, 253
Calder Glen, 150, 252, 300
Cardonald, 303
Castle Semple Loch, 241,
253, 281
Cart, 300
Cart, White, 78
Craigends, 251, 252, 264
Crookston, 21, 22, 160, 161,
167, 168
Eaglesham, 14
Eaglesham’ Moors, 63
Erskine, 8, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21,
157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164,
165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,
i72, 251, 25 2) 264
Fr inlay ston, 247, 248, 249,
251, 264, 287
Gifinock, 168
Harelaw Dam, 94, 110
Hawkhead, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15,
16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 78, 157,
158, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166,
168, 169, 170, 171, 172. 239,
975°
Hawwoek: 241
Hundred-acre Park, 305
Inverkip, 157, 165
Johnstone, 161
Johnstone Castle, 88, 104
Killoch Glen, 303
Kilmacolm, 249
Langbank, 13, 14, 44, 70, 84,
85, 160, 162, 166, 169, 247,
276
Libo, Loch, 160
Lochside, 241
Lochwinnoch, 241, 252, 253,
264, 281, 300
Mearns Moors, 62, 63, 64
Paisley, 99
Pollok, Nether, 78, 106
Pollok, Upper, 303
Rouken rlen, 107
South Bar, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21,
160
»Waulkmill Glen, 163
West Ferry Wood, 14, 160,
162, 169
Whiteinch, 85
Rhine, 262
Rhodesia, 2 293, 305
Riddon, Loch, 10, 147, 242,
243, 264, 282
Riddrie, 173 :
Rio de la Plata, 280
Rockeliffe, 53
Ronachan, 283
Rosa, Glen, 102
Roslin, 305
Rosneath, 257, 259, 264
Rosneath, Castle of, 258
Rosneath, Kirkton of, 258
Ross, 49, 59
Ross-SHIRE—
Lewis, 273
Rothesay, 80, 84, 85, 96, 220,
221
Rough Island, 49, 283
Rouken Glen, 107
Roussillon, 28
Row, 157, 259
317
Rowardennan, 12, 22, 160, 255,
256, 264, 303
Ruchill Park, 136, 139, 202,
205, 261
Ruel River, 243
Russia, 73
Rutherglen, 20, 164, 172
Ryefield, 247
Rye Valley, 246
Sables d’Ollone, 75
St. Blane’s, 156
St. Blane’s Chapel, 240
St. Catherine’s, 107, 145
St. Kilda, 105
Sanda, 45
Sandbank, 14, 161, 164
Sandwick, West, 236
Sanquhar, 47
Scalpsie Bay, 75
Scotland, 23, 24, 25, 26, 60, 61,
62, 73, 80, 93, 116, 117, 118,
144, 149, 153, 218) 22 27, 230,
231, 232, 250, 301, 304, 305
Scotland, East of, 305
Scotland, North of, 235
Scotland, West of, 67, 71, 72,
91, 115, 117, 118, 150, 219,
220, 228, 250, 252, 273, 277,
281, 282, 283, 284, 294, 297,
300, 303, 304
Seamill, 96
Seychelles, 108
Sgat Mohr, 78
Shel per on Minne Moor, .
28.
Shawfield, 260
Shetland, 6, 67, 235, 236
Shira, Glen, 145
Shirvan, 283
Skate Island, 68
Skye, 72, 117, 118, 119
Slogarie, 51
Solway, 46, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54,
56, 57, 60, 105, 144, 283
Solway Firth, 47, 49, 50, 54
Sorn, 91, 99, 100, 111
Sorn Castle, 99
Southannan, 176
South Bar, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21,
160
Southerness, 49, 52, 55, 54
Southerness Point, 52, 53, 59
Southwick, 48
Stepps, 102, 299
Stepps Wood, 11, 15, 14, 15,
18, 21, 157, 158, 160, 161,
162, 163, 166, 172
Stevenston, 111
SrrrvincswHire, 106, 107, 150,
260
Baldernock, 263
See 255, 256, 264, 303,
Balmaha, Pass of, 256
Bardowie, 260, 262, 263, 264
Bardowie Loch, 15, 168,
261, 262
Blanefield, 305
Campsie Glen, 150, 255
264, 301
Campsie Hills, 255
Craigallion, 100, 305
Origetion Loch, 158, 165,
318 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
STIRLINGSHIRE, continued—
Crow Road, 955
Dumfin, 305
Dumegoyne, 161
Finnich Glen, 14, 161, 165
Fintry, 255
Glazert Water, 151, 255
Gowk Stane, 100
Lennoxtown, 2
Lomond, Ben, 72, 25
Lomond, Loch, 256
Rowardennan, 12, 22, 160,
255, 256, 264, 303
Strathblane, 10, 100, 275
Wright’s Well, 255
Stonebyres, 85
Strachur, 107
Strathblane, 10, 100.
Stratton Strawless, 232
Striven, Loch, 68, 147
Strone, ‘5, 19, 160, 161, 167
Suidhe Chatain, 240
Suidhe Hill, 156
Suidhe Wood, 156, 239
Suffolk, 115
Surrey, 275
Switzerland, 245
eer)
39
Table Mountain, 282
Tarbert, 8, 9, 10
‘Tarbert, Kast, 80
Tarbert, East Loch, 41, 69
NAMES OF
Me
,i1
Adam, W.
‘Adams, Fr.
Ailsa, oR 00
Alexander, Claud, 99
Allan, Miss K. Graham, 276
Alloway, Lord, 251
Altham, T., 65
Anderson, 54, 55
Anderson, Gilbert, sen., 51
Anderson, Mr., 262
Anderson, Thomas, 104, 247
Argyll, Earl of, 242, 258, 2 259
Armour, William, 95
Austen, E. E., 157
Babington, Professor,
Balfour, C. B., 91
Balfour, Professor, 61
Balfour, Professor J. H., 72
Ballantyne, J., 105, 106, 219,
273, 276, 277, 298
Barclay, Hew, 9
Bartholomew, James, 109
72, 73
Bate, 44, 45
Batters, Br Ae altyae Aa lvalae.
B.A., F.LS5, 297
Baxter, W. R.; 275, 276, 285,
296
Beddard, 6
Bedford, Duchess of, 53
Bennett, Arthur, F.L.S., 117,
118, 221, 294
Berkeley, 211
Berry, Charles, 105, 173
Bevins, W., 282
Calman, Dr. W. 'T.,
|
Tavannach, Inch, 157
Tay, 26
Tay Area, 150
‘Taynuilt, 157
Tayport, 501
Ay erregles, 55
Tigh-an- Laoigh, 2 256
Tillietudlem, 2 257, 303
Tinto, 218
Tiree, 71
Todhills, 84, 85
Tofts Meal Mill, 247
Tokio, 300
Tolleross Park,
205
‘Torrance,
Tortworth, 233
Tromsoe, 38
39, 202,
136,
Troon, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 20,
21, 105, 161, 162, 164, 165,
166, 167, 168, 170, 171
Tullich Hill, 251
Tweed, 302, 304
Uddingston, 298
Urr, 56
Vorlich, Ben, 111, 259
Wales, North, 105
Warwickshire, 294
Bishop, Thomas G., 108
Bisset, Miss, 144
Blackburn, Lord, 89, 90
Bles, Edward J., B.A., B.Se.,
4, 112, 281
Blochman, I., 28, 50
Borland, Mr., 90, aoe
Boswell, 244
Boyd, D. A., 86, 88, OM, 95, 100,
103, 104, 108, 107. 108, L10,
1 119, 143, 149, 218, 238)
239, 242, 244, 246, 249, 251,
253, 254, 264, 274, 275, 278,
280, 281, 282; 283, 281) 287)
293, 294, 295, » 298, 299;
300, 301, 303, 305
Browne, ae ae)
Brown, George Ne 297
Brown, Hugh, 274
Brown, Robert, M.D.,
108, 273, 287, 289
Brown, Walter, 175
Bruce, Mr., 51
Buchanan, Colonel, 248
Buchanan, Keith, 108, 275
Buchanan, R., 102
Buchanan, R. M., 104
Burness, William, 89
Burns, Robert, 89, 94
Burns, William 89, 90
Bute, Lord, 97
103,
276, 290,
ui
Cairns, John, jun.,
9g”
Waulkmill Glen, 165
Wemyss Bay, 83, 84, 85
West Ferry Wood, 14, 160,
162, 169
Wetherby, 232
Whistlefield, 100, 101, 275
Whiteinch, 85
White Knights, 232
Whiting Bay, 157
Wigtown, 55
Wigtown, Rinns of, 116
verre 51, 53; 56,
116
Drumore, 55
Luce Bay, 49, 55
Port-William, 55
Wigtown, 55
Wigtown, Rinns of, 116
Woodend Loch, 165
Woodhall, 245, 246, 264, 284
Worcester, 98
Wor cestershit re, 232, 284
Wright’s Well, 255
Wyre Forest, 232
Yell, Island of, 236
York, 274, 283
Zealand, New, 61, 111, 281,
290, 301
Zermatt, 108
PERSONS.
Campbell, A. W., 110
Campbell, George W., 297
Campbell of Islay, 246
Campbell, James, 259
Campbell, Hon. John, 258
Campbell, Lady, 60, 61
Jarpenter, Professor, 148
Carter, Mr .
Catheart, Navid, 231
Catheart, Elias, LL.D., 231
CO latheart, Miss,
Chadwick, W. L., 293
Chambers, Robert, 89
Charles IT., 99
Charlie, Prince, 260
Christison, Dr. D., 88 -
Claparede, 3
Clarke, W. Eagle, T.L.S.,
F.R.S.E., M.B.O.U., 105,
106
Cochran, William, 99
Cochr an-Patrick, Misses, 98
Cochran- Patrick, Mrs. N. K.,
98
Jochran-Patrick, N. K., 98
Cochran - Patrick, R. W.,
LL.D., ¥.8.A., 98
Cochran -Patrick, William, 98
Beaens, Mr. Campbell,
07
pene of cae 259)
Connel, J. G.,
Cossar, ic oh i A. (Oxon.),
293
Cox, Mr., 106
| Culpepper, 23,
Cuninghame, Reginald, 98
Cuninghame, Richard, 98
Cuninghame, Sir James, 98
Cuninghame, Sir William,
Paris hans! William, 98
Dale, David, 99
Dalmahoy, William, 50
Davey, F. H., 116 ‘
Davidson, Cameron, 292
Delage, 28, 30
Dohrn, 148
Dron, R. W., 261, 262
Duckworth, 54
Dunean, Mr., 90, 234
Duncan, Rey. J io 116
Dunlop, Miss, 2
Dunlop, aan iu, 281, 290,
Dunlop, W. H., 88
Dunsmore, John, 108
Eglinton, Countess of, 244
Elder, Mrs. John, 209, 212
Ellis, Professor David, D.Se.,
Ph.D. , 107
Elmhirst, Richard, F.L.S.,
146, 299
Elphinstone, Baron, 245
Elwes, H. J. ’F.R.S., 232
Ewing, Peter, F.L.S., 72, 102,
103, 104, 108, 110, il6, 237,
245, 274, 277, 283, 284, 287,
291, 292, 305
Fenton, Mr., 111
Fergusson, Anderson, 108
Fergusson, Provost, 90
Fergusson, Rev. John,LL.D.,
287, 291
Fergusson, Sir James, 231
Fergusson, William, 89
Fleming, J., 276
Fowler, 304
Frew, Dr. ice eth 44, 297
Fries, de, 1
Fullarton, me Neil, 300
Garry, Robert, B.Sc., 95, 102,
181, 275, 276, 299, 305
Garstang, Mr., 4
Gemumill, James BY, MAS,
M.D., 1
Gepp, A., M.A., F.L.S., 294
Gilmour, ThomasF. 1. RCS. iy
Ed., 71, 72, 73, 109, 119,
219, 293
Glassford, John, 260
Glencairn,, Alexander, fifth
Ear! of.
Glencairn, Caies of, 249
Gleneairn, Ear! of, 248, "949
Glencairn, James, fourteenth
Earl of, 249
Glencairn, John, fifteenth
Earl of, 248
Gloag, Rev. P. J., D.D., 274
Godfrey, Robert, 185, 246,
247, 283
Goldring, Mr., 251
Goodwin, W., 276
INDICES.
| Gordon, Mr., 97 :
Gorham, 108
Graham, G., 293
Graham of Montrose, 260
Graham, Robert, 248
Gray, 53, 54, 55
Grimshaw, P. pote
Bly ees 156
a Captain William,
Binnibens Soar ry jun., 110
Hamm, A. H., 296
Hardie, Mrs. E. L., 303
Hardy, G. A., 104, 305
Hardy knute, 98
Hartig, 93
Hastings, 53
Haswell, 7
Hatschek, 3
Henderson, Miss
Beath, 110, 284
Henderson, Dr. J. R., 65,
70
Dorothy
Hetdensin, Robert, 7, 9, 10,
22, 108, 109, 110, 156, "O77,
292, 294, 302, 303
Henderson, T. Beath, M.D.,
107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 275,
276, 277, 280, 284, 299
Henderson, W. D., ii
Henry, Dr. A., F.LS., 91, 92,
232, 233, 250
Heron, Mr., 97
Hérouard, 2 28, 30
Herriot, George, 276, 277
Hewison, Rev. Dr., 240
Hilger, C., 28, 29, 30
Hodge, 148
Hodgson, T. V., 148
Hooker, 90
Hooker, Sir Joseph, 73
Horace, 23
Hudson, G. V., F.E.S., 290
Hunter, Alexander, W.S., 90
Hunter, General Sir Archi-
bald, K.C.B., D.S.O., 86
Hunter, J. Bruce, 102
Hunter- Weston, Mrs., 86
Hunter, William, 108, 109
,
Irving, Joseph, 259
Jack, James, 104, 113, 275,
286, 292, 306
Jamieson, Dr., 25
Jardine, Sir William, 48, 54,
55, 59
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 244
Johnstone, R. B., 88, 238 251,
252, 257, 260, 275, 287, 298
Kelso, William, 233
Kelvin, Lord, 295, 296
Kemp, Stanley, W.,B.A., 66,
67
Kennedy, James, 88, 98
Kees Miss Margaret (ASS
109.
Ker, Robert, 261
Ker, uf Ripley, 107, 261
W438; 719)
319
Kerr, Professor J. Graham,
.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 1,
5, 106, 107, 278, 279
Kidston, G. J., 248
King, James J. l. X., F.ES.,
9, 156, 157, 296, 301, 303
King, Professor Leonard A.
Lucas, B.A., 105, 299
Kirk, Charles, 106, 276, 296,
298, 299
Knight, Rev. G. A. Frank,
M.A., F.R.S.E., 103, 104
Knight, Dr. James, 209
Knox, Andrew, 99
Knox, John, 248
Koren, 28, 30
Lankester, 7 -
Landsborough, Rev. David,
1L.D., 60, 90, 106
Lawrie, Professor Maleolm,
D.Se., F.R.S.E., F.L.S.,
107
Lee, John R., 88, 100, 104,
111, 186, 218, 241, 243, 251,
252) 253, 257,92 25 59, 264, 273,
305°
Ligat, David, 275
Lightfoot, 117
Loudon, 24, 252
Lugton, Thomas, 299
Lunam, George, 257, 301
M‘Call, Robert, 56
M Culloch, Henry, 106, 107,
M‘Culloch & Sons, 105
M‘Cutcheon, W. 91
MacGregor, Sit William,
K.C.M.G.,
te Richard, 93, 110, 244,
247
Maceo ee Pai 273,
276, 292, 296
M‘ Kenzie, D., 110
Mackinder, H J., 292.
M‘Lean, Robert, 276, 2
M‘Leod, Angus, 217
Maenair, Peter, F.R.S.E.
E.G. S., 294, 298, 302
Macpherson, 54
MacVicar, S. M., 71, 72
Malcolm IV., 245
Malloch, John Reo '8, 12) ae
20, 32, 153, 17 3, 297, 298,
303
Marshall, Rev. E. S., 221
Mary, Queen of Scots, 25, 26
Massee, Mr., 111, 150, 151
Mendel, 112
Menzies, James R., 275
Middleton, John, B.Se., 241
Mier, 4
Mill, Dr. H. R. 292
Millar, Robert, 174, 177, 178
Mitchell, 63
Mitehell, James, 105, 104, 275,
,
Pamigornese, Alexander, 99
Morville, De, 9
Motherwell, A. B. , 245, 246
Muir, John, 298
Muir, John, M.P., 230
Muir, Mary, 23]
320 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Muir, Robert, M.D., 231
Murdoch, James Barel ay, 110
Mure, Hugh, 251
Murphy, J. on 105
Murphy, John E., 9, 11, 110,
164, ME 304, 305
Murray,
Murray, oe 274
Murray, Sir John, 65
Neilson, Mr., 181
Noble, Sir Andrew, 145
Norman, Rev. Canon A. M.,
F.R.S., 146
Norman, Dr., F.R.S., 67, 70
Ord, George W,, 10, 294
Ostenfeld, 73
Pace, S., 28
Park, Archibald, 100. 104, 251
Parnell, Drs;
Paterson,
Paterson, John, 103, 104, 105,
106, 174, 175, 183, 241,
275, 292, 300
Patience, Alexander, 42, 64,
80, 102, 104, 109, 110, 112,
274, 281, 285, ae 298
Paton, James, F.LS S., 299
Paxton, George, 93
Paxton, Messrs., 91
Pelseneer, Dr. Paul, 4
Pliny, 23
Pottie, har 255
Prior, Dr. 526
Prouho, H., 28, 29, 30
Ramsay, James, 89
Rea, Carleton, B.C.L., M.A.,
144, 292
Reid, Nicholas G., 95, 275, 285
Rennie, William, 209, "947,
301, 304
Renwick, John, 87, 88, 99,
103, 104, 106, 230, 232.
247, 249, 257, 360,
284, 285, 291
Reoch, James W., 253,
277, 296
Rhodes, Henry John, 275
Riddel, Janet, 98
Robertson, Dr. 44, 80, 86
Robertson, John, 62, 76, 77,
94, 96, 105, 106, 107, 110,
174, 175, 177, 178, 239, 257,
276, 277, 293, 298
Robertson, J. R., 273
Robertson, Thomas W., 296,
300, 301
Robson, George, 50
Ross, Alexander, 9, 10, 20,
103, 109, bas! 15
, 282, 284, 290,
298, 299, 500,
9943 297"
301, 305, 304
Russell, E. 8., 27, 106
293.
do,
Sars, 148
Sars, G. O., 6
Sars, M., 28, 29, 30
Schneider, 5
Scott, Charles, 241, 264
Scott, Dr. Thomas, E.LS.,
43, 64, 65, 67, 69, 80
Scott, Sir Walter, 259
Scott, W. W., 106
Service, Robert, M.B.O.U.,
46, 105
Shakespeare, 7
Shanks, Archibald, 246
Shearer, Johnston, 305
Sibbald, Sir Robert, 80
Slimon, Dr., 302
Smith, of Monkwood, 90
Smith, John, 86, 90, 110, 234,
244, 245, 556, 281, 284. 292,
294, 296
Smith, W. Anderson, 274
Smith, W. H. M., 273
Smith, Worthington, 111
Smollett, 260
Somerville,
Somerville, A., B.Se., F.L.8
71, 109, 115 5, 221, 997, 281,
283, 281, 291
Somerville, Rev. A. N., D.D.,
92
Somerville, David R. », 216, 2
29
Somerville, W.,
93
Sommer ville, ai oseph,
113, 275, 286, 292, 306
Stebbing, Rev. Thomas R.R.,
45
Stevenson, 111 _
Stewart, Captain, 61, 62
Stewart, William, 111, 294
104,
Susanna, Countess of Eglin-
_ ton, 244
Syme, Boswell, 116
Sir Charles, Bart.,
Thom, R. Wilson, 274
Thomson, John, 305
Thomson, John R., 275
Thomson, Mr.,
Trail, Professor James W. H.,
M.D., ¥.L.S. »23, 116, 118"
149, 150
Traquair, Dr., 302
Turner, Sir William, 6
Tenni unt,
7
Vallentin, R., 28, 30
Verrall, 8, 10, 14, 20, 156, 284,
294
Vincent, James, 300
Wallace, 258
Wallace, Dr. William, 89
Watson, 3
Watson, Hewitt Cottrell, 7
Watson, Smellie, 55
Westwood, 44, 45
Whitelaw, Alexander, 246
White, Mr.. 97
Whitton, James, 30, 122, 141,
188, 207, 251, 261, 275, 283,
285, 300
Whyte, Knox, 177, 179
Whyte, Robert D., 221
Wilson, Hugh W., 107, 276,
277, 296, 304
W ilson, Robert W: S&S. 104,
105, 173, 235, 276, 292, 300,
303
Wingate, 294
Wishart, R. S., M.A.,
106, 599, 300
Wishart, qT. 20, 277
Woltereck, 3
Wood, D. M., ate
Wood, Dr. J. H.,
Wordie, Williaa, ae A., 106
99 102,
24,
Yarrell, 55, 57
Zamorska, Miss, 112
POPULAR NAMES.
Aconite, Winter, 123, 190
Actinians, 27, 29
Adder, 256, 282
Puff, 292
Agarics, 267
Alder, 191, 289
Fringe-leaved, 235
Anemone, 28, 29
Wood, 2
Pelee ans, 5
Apple, 128, 140, 152
Appleringie, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
06
oF
ga ite, Western,
Ageitians: 28
Ash, 34, 128, 194
Curly-leaved, 233
Bananas, 276
Barberry, 24
Beam, 209
Beech, 87, 100, 126, 155,
231,
198, |
Beet, 152
Wild, 294
Beetles, 58, 302, 505
Ground, 305
Bernacle, 179
Betony, Water, 219, 292
| Birch, 90, 91, 92, 104, 215, 231,
242, 261
Cut-leat Weeping, 231
Golden, 233
Yellow, 234
209, 234, 242, 255, 25 58, 261. laaerst 40, 46, 209, 240, 241, 253,
Copper, 233
255, 256, "057, °301, 302"
Blackbird, 105, 211, 247, 257
Blackcock, 107
Blaeberry, 149, 150
Blindworm, 283
Blue-bottle, Corn, 263
Bog-bean, 24
Bri amble, 90, 221
Brambling, 215
Broom, 277
Witches’, 92, 110, 233
Bryony, Black, 275
Red, 275
Bryophytes, 186
Buck-eye, Ohio, 233
Bullfinch, 176
Bunting, ‘Cor n, 176, 304
Lapland, 106
Reed, 176, 216, 504
Snow, 177
Yellow, 176, 215, 247, 304
Butterflies, 296
Buzzard, Common, 185
Rough-leg gged, 276
Cabbage, 152
peaapien, Red, 95, 99
Sea,
White, 263
Capercaillie, 107
Cedar, Atlas, a
Centipede, Sea, 2!
Chaffinch, 176, or 241, 247
Chamomile, 24
Cherry, 140, 193
Chestnut, 34, 126, 128, 152,
192, 193, 258
Red Horse, 233
Smooth-leaved Horse, 233
Spanish, 248
Sweet, 258
Yellow-flowered Horse, 244
Chiffchaff, 97, 243
Clover, 152
Cockspur, 233
Cocoanut, Sea or Maldive
Double, 108
Coco- pene, 108
Conger, 7
Copepods, 6
Coral, 28
Cormorant, 179
Corncrake, 95, 181, 247
pi Hare’s- tail, 95
Cowslip, 11
Crabs, 59, 281
Creeper, Tree, 175, 217
Crow, Carrion, 78, 177
Cuckoo, 195, 243, 247, 255,
Cuckoo-pint, 244
Curlew, 46, Yi 58, 59, 64, 178,
183, 184, 2 43, 247
Stone, 306
Daffodil, 125, 191, 192
Deer, Ree, 242
Diatoms, 301
Dipper, 175, 241, 243, 255
Dotterel, 46, 47
Dove, Ring, 181, 247
Rock, 181
Stock, 181, 301
Dropwort, Water, 20
INDICES.
Duck, 96, 243
Common Eider, 302
King Eider, 302
Scaup, 181
Shell, 180, 243
Tufted, 180, 253
Dunlin, 46, 47, 52, 54, 63, 76,
77, 178, 183
Echinoderms, 4
Kel, Common, 7
Conger, 7
hag gag 305
Elder, 189,
Elm, 36, Re OOO. 131, 191, 197,
198, 209, 255, 263
English, 100
Smooth, 233, 234
Elver, 7
Falcon, Peregrine, 178
Fern, Filmy, 243
Male, 143
Parsley, 255
Terns, 24, 155, 158, 228
r ieldfare, 174, 210, 211, 253
ir, 154, 242
Douglas, 92, 235
Scots, 91, 104, 230, 235, 258
Silver, 91, 92, 110, 230, 231,
235, 958°
Fishes, 74, 299, 302
Armour-plated, 302, 303
Drepanaspid, 303
Psammosteid, 303
lies, 8, 110, 293, 297
Bee, 982
Household, 109
Flounder, 179
1 lowering- plants, 228
Flycatcher, Pied, 293
Spotted, 97, 176, 218, 243, 256
Iurze, 156, 27
Gadwall, 300
yannet, 179
Gean, American, 234
Glasswort, 116
Globe-fish, 102
Glory of the Snow, 125
Goat’s-Beard, 233, 306
Godwit, Bar-tailed, 46, 48, 56,
184
Black-tailed, 46, 57
Gold-of-Pleasure, 262
Golden-eye, 181
Golden-Saxifrage, Opposite-
leaved, 255
Goose, Barnacle, 179
Brent, 179
Grey Lag, 179
Grebe, Black-necked, 300
Greenfinch, 176, 214, "047, 297
Greenshank, 46, 56, 183
Grouse, Black, 106, 181
Red, 106, 181
Guillemot, 185, 298
Gull,
Black-headed, 94, 185, 217,
247
Common, 185, 217, 236
Great Black- backed, 185
Herring, 185, 217
321
Gull, continued—
Kittiwake, 185
Lesser Black-backed, 185,
217
Hawk, Sparrow, 178, 216
Hawkweed, 221
Hawthorn, 125, 129, 140, 194,
209, 211, 213, 215, 233
Hazel, 91, 191, 255
Heather, 299
Hemlock, 115
Hepatics, 88, 238, 243, 263, 264
Heron, Common, 179, 243
Holothurians, 4
Holly, 209
Hornbeam, 244
Cut-leaved, 233
Horse Chestnut,
leaved, 233
Red, 244
yi ellow-flowered, 244
Hyacinth, 33
Blue Wood, 99
Smooth-
Ibis, Glossy, 292
Insect, Stick, 306
Isopods, Terrestrial, 80, 81,
82, 95, 1
Ivy, 247
Ground, 255
Jackdaw, 177, 216, 241
Juniper, 100
Kaflir-god, 306
Kestrel, 179
Kingfisher, liz
Kittiwake, 236
Knot, 46, 47, 48, 54, 183
Laburnum, 129, 140, 195, 209
Lapwing, 46, 48, 49, 63, 182,
217, 247
Larch, 235
Laurel, 209, 213
Lichen, 245,
nen 129, 191, 192, 209
a 36, 39, 40, 110, 131, 197,
198, 248, 257
Cut-leaved, 234
Linnet, 176, 315
Lizard, Australian Stump-
tailed, 109
Indian Spring-tailed, 275
Long-tailed, 281
Loven’s Larva, 3
Magpie, 177, 216
Magpie Moth, 102
Magnolia, Three- -petaled, 233
Mahaleb, 233
Male-Fern, 143
Mallard, 180, 253
Maple, 276
Eagle’s-claw, 234
Norway, 126, 233
Marten, Pine, 105
Martin Hones, 176, 214, 247
Sand, 176, 2
322
Marsh-marigold, 95, 245, 255
Mercury, Doe's, 255
Merganser, Red-breasted,
TS1, 243
Merlin, 178
Microbes, 107
Microfungi, $5, 258, 239, 3.10,
242, 214, 246, 251, 252) 253,
254, 255, 263, 261, “283
Mites, 383
Moor-hen, 182
Mosses, 88, 100, 101, 108, 186,
238, 241, 243, 244, 251, 253,
256, 265, 261 27 3, 281, 282,
285
Moths, 110, 296
Magpie, 102
Mussels, 59)
Myriapod, Pencil-tailed, 283
Myrtle, 24
Bog, 96
Newt, Common, 256
Nightjar, 177, 304
Nullipores, 28
Oak, 34; 87, 90, 93, 128, 153,
152, 194, 220, 231, 242, 246,
261
American, 87
Red, 233
Silvery, 253
Turkey, 248, 250
Orache, Narrow-leaved, 262
Orchis, Bird’s-nest, 244
Fragrant, 148
Marsh Helleborine, 115
Purple, 95
Orpine, 257
Owl, 178
Barn, Vii
Long-eared, 178
Tawny, 178
Oyster-eatcher, 46, 49, 63, 182,
243
Peony, 152
Palm, 60, 61, 143
Fan, 280
Umbrella, 61
Palm-lily, 60, 61, 62, 106
Parsley, Fool’s, 273
Garden, 274
Partridge, 181
Pear, 128, 140, 152, 193
Petrel, Fulmar, 105
Storm, 301
Phalarope, Grey, 46, 50, 300
Red-necked, 46, 50
Phanerogams, 186
Pheasant, 181.
Pine, Norwegian, 230
Pintail, 300
Pipit, Meadow, 176, 247, 253
Rock, 176
Tree, 105, 243, 256
Plane, Oriental, 233
Plankton, zy 282
Plover, 60
Golden, 46, 48, 62, 182, 253,
Grey, 416, 48, 104, 182, 276
Norfolk, 300
Ringed, 46, 47, 62, 182
| Plum, 128, 140, 193
Pochard, 253
Polychaete Worms, 2
| Spionid, 3
| Poplar, 155, 209
{ Balsam, 125
| Black, 87
Potato, 127, 152, 195
| Primrose, 243
Privet, 209
Pteridophytes, 186
Puffin, 185
Pyet, Sea,, 47, 50, 54
Pyrus, Willow-leay ed, 233
Radiolarians, 2
Acanthometrid, 2
Ragwort, 273
Rail, Water, 181
Raven, 177
Razorbill, 185, 298
Redbreast, 175, 247
Redpoll, Greenland, 105
Lesser, 176, 215
Redshank, Common, 16, 47,
55, 56, 64, 183, 247
Spotted, 46, 56
Redstart, 100, 175, 256
Black, 106
Redwing, 174, 210, 211
Reptiles, 256
Rhubarb, Turkey, 24
Robin, 212
Roe-deer, 242
Rook, 177, 216, 247
Rose, 121, 191, 221
Rue, Boar, 27
Ruff, 46, 54
Samphire, 116
Golden, 118
Marsh, 117
Rock, 115, 294
Sanderling, 46, 54, 77
Sandpiper, Common, 46, 55,
63, 77, 78, 79, 110, 183, ‘943°
247, 255, 356°
Curlew, 46, 53
Green, 46, 55, 106
Purple, 46, 53, 183
Sand-snake, Indian, 276
Saxifrage, Purple Mountain,
71, LOt
Three-fingered, 71
Scoter, Velvet, 107, 300
Scorpion, 107
False, 247, a3
Sea-campion, 7
Sea-pie, 49
Sea-pink, 72
Sea-plantain, 72
Sea-spiders, 146
Seal, Fur, 6
Sertularians, 28
Service-tree, "True, 232, 234
ae bie Common, 180,
Shoveller, 94, 300
Shrike, Great Grey, 301
Skua, Great, 235, 236
Long- tailed, 235
Pomatorhine, 185, 235
Richardson’s, 185, 235, 236,
237, 304
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Skylark, 177, 216, 247
Slow-worm, 2435
Snake, Coral, 111
Indian, 107
Indian Sand, 276
Indian Shield-tailed, 284
Sea, 109
Water, 108
Snipe, Common, 46, 51, 63,
182 .
Great, 46, 51
Jack, 46,
Snowdrop, 3
* 189, 190, 191
Sorb, 232
Sorrel, Wood, 95, 255
Southernwood, 25
Spanw, , Hedge, 175, 212, 213,
24
oust, ae 214, 247
Tree, 2
Spider, Cove, 294, 296
Sea, 14
Spindle-tree, 233
Sponge, Glass-rope, 301
Spruce, 235
_| Squill, 125, 191
Starling, 177, 216, 247
Stick-insect, 306
Stilt, Black-winged, 46, 50
Stint, came. 46; 53,16;
ll
Temminck’s, 46, 53
Stonechat, 174
Swallow, 176, 178, 194, 214, 247,
252, 255
Swan, Wild, 179
Swan, Bewick’s, 179
Swift, 177, 216
Sycamore, 34, 36, 93, 151, 192,
198, 258
Sy llids, 4
Tare, Slender, 262
Tea-plant, Indian, 295
Teal, 180, 253
Tern, Arctic, 184
Common 184
Thorn, 191, 192
Thrush, Mistle, 174, 210, 216,
257
Song, 174, 210, 211, 247
Thuya, Giant, 235
ee Blue, 175,
Coal, 175, 215
Great, 175, 213, 247
Long-tailed, 145, 213, 247
Marsh, 175
Toothwort, 90, 110, 241
Tsetse,
‘Turnip, 185 206, 207
Tulip, 33, 152
Tulip-tree, 93, 233
Turnstone, 46, 49, 182
T'way blade, Greater, 118, 245
Heart-leaved, 281
Twite, 176, 301
213,
Valerian, Heart-leaved, 257
Violet, Dog-tooth, 191
Wood, 99
Waders, 46, 62, 105, 107
Wagitail, Grey, 176, 214, 241,
55
Pied, 175, 213, 214, 247
White, 95, 176, 214
Yellow, 176, 218, 247
Warbler, Garden, 241, 247
Sedge, 175, 247
Wood, 97
Water-lily, White, 262
Weaver-bird, 284 |
Wellingtonia, 90, 233
Whale, 6
Humpback, 5
MamMaLtra—
Megaptera longimana, 5 5
Mustela martes, 105
Otaria ursina, 6 }
AvEs—
Acanthis cannabina, 215
hornemanni, 105
rufescens, 215
cere modularis, 175,
1
Accipiter nisus, 178, 216
Acredula caudata, 213
rosea, 175 a
ema phragmitis,
JE gialitis hiaticula, 47, 62,
182
Alauda arvensis, 177, 216
Alca torda, 185
Alcedo ispida, 1i7
Anas boscas, 180
strepera, 300
Anatide, 104
Anser cinereus, 179, 276
Anthus obscurus, 176
pratensis, 176
trivialis, 105
Ardea cinerea, 179
Asio otus, 178
Bernicla brenta, 179
leucopsis, 179
Buteo lagopus, 276
vulgaris, 185
Calcarias lapponicus, 106
Calidris arenaria, 54
Caprimulgus europzeus,
177, 303
Certhia familiaris, 175, 217
Charadriide, 62, 102, 107
Charadrius pluvialis, 48,
62, 182, 276
Chelidon urbica, 176, 214
Cinclus aquaticus, 175
Clangula glaucion, 181
Columba livia, 181
cenas, 181, 300
palumbus, 181
Corvus corax, 177
corone, 177
frugilegus, 177, 216
monedula, 177, 216
INDICES.
Whanup, 57, 5
, 59
| Wheatear, 105, 174, 212, 243
Whimbrel, 46, 59, 184
| Whinchat, 174, 243
Whitethroat, pe 247, 257
Wigeon, 180, 2
| Willow, 125, roy 191, 209, 221
Goat, 123
Wind- -flower, 93
Winter-Aconite, 123
W itehes'-broom, 92, 110,
| Woodcock, 46, 51, 63, 182
Wood-lice, 81, 82, 85
ZOOLOGY.
AvVEs, continued—
Cotile riparia, 176
Crex pratensis, 95, 181
Cygnus bewickii, 179
Cypselus apus, 177, 216
Dafila acuta, 300
Emberiza citrinella, 176,
215, 304
miliaria, 176, 304
schoeniclus, 176, 216, 304
Erithacus rubecula, 175,
Henenitel morinellus, 47
Falco zsalon, 178
peregrinus, 178
tinnunculus, 179
Fratercula arctica, 185
Fringilla ccelebs, 176, 215
montifringilla, 215
Fuligula cristata, 180
marila, 181
Fulmarus glacialis, 105
Gaines ceelestis, 51, 63,
182
gallinula, 52, 183
major, 51
Gallinula chloropus, 182
ee ces ae ostralegus, 49, |
'y a
Himantopus candidus, 80
Hirundo rustica, 176,214
Lagopus scoticus, 181
Lanius excubitor, 300
Larus argentatus, 185, 217
canus, 185, 217
fuscus, 185, 217
marinus, 185
ridibundus, 84, 185, 217
Ligurinus chloris, 176, 214
Limosa belgica, 57
lapponica, 56, 184
Linota cannabina, 176
flavirostris, 176, ’300
rufescens, 176
Machetes pugnax, 54
Mareca penelope, 180
Megalestris catarrhactes,
235
pene
Woodrush, Great
255
| Wood sorrel, 95
| Wood-violet, 95
Worms, Lug, 59
323
Hairy,
Polychete, 2
Wren, 175, 213, 247
Gold-crested, 175, 212
Willow, 175, 212, 243, 247,
255, 256
Wood, 243, 247, 256
Yew, 248, 250, 257, 258, 261
Aves, continued—
Mergus serrator, 181
Motacilla alba, 95, 176, 214
lugubris, 175, 213
melanope, 176, 214
raii, 176, 218
Muscicapa atricapilla, 293
grisola, 97, 176, 218
Nettion crecca, 180
shige ig arquata, 57, 64,
184
pheopus, 59, 184
(Edemia fusca, 107, 300
(2dicnemus scolopax, 300
Parus ater, 175, 213
ceruleus, 175, 213
major, 175, 213
palustris, 175
Passer domesticus, 176, 214
montanus, 277
Perdix cinerea, 181
Phalacrocorax ‘carbo, 179
i ig fulicarius, 50,
hyperboreus, 50
Phasianus colchicus, 181
Phylloscopus rufus, 97
sibilatrix, 97
trochilus, 175, 212
Pica rustica, 177, 216
Plectrophenax nivalis, 177
Plegadis falcinellus, 293
Podicepes ni icollis, 299
Pratincola rubetra, 174
rubicola, 174
Procellaria pelagica, 300
Pyrrhula europea, 176
Rallus aquaticus, 181
Regulus cristatus, 175, 212
Rissa tridactyla, 185
ee pheenicurus, 100,
titys, 106
Saxicola cenanthe, 105, 174,
212
seer a rusticula, 51, 63,
Somateria mollissima, 301
spectabilis, 301
Spatula clypeata, 94, 300
324 TRANSACTIONS,
Aves, continued—
Squatarola helvetica,
104, 182, 276
Stercorarius crepidatus,
185. ),, 235, 303
parasiticus, 2 235
pomatorhinus, 185, 2
Sterna fluviatilis, 184 |
Strepsilas interpres, 49, 182
Strix flammea, 177
Sturnus vulgaris, 177, 216
Sula bassana, 179
Sylvia cinerea, 175
Syrnium aluco, 178
18
’
Tadorna cornuta, 180
Totanus Grater 5s 5, 64, 183
canescens, 56, 1
fuscus, 56
hypoleucus,
110, 183
ochropus, 55, 106
Tringa alpina, 52, 63, 183
canutus, 54, 183
minuta, 53, 76, 110
striata, 53, 183.
subarquata, 53
temmincki, 53
nce eats parvulus, 175,
Turdus iliacus, 174, 211
merula, 105, 174, 911
musicus, 174, 210
pilaris, 174, 211
viscivorus, 174, 210
Sine
63, 77,
55,
Uria troile, 185
Vanellus Bi a 48, 63,
182, 217
ReEPTILIa—
Agamide, 275
Anguis fragilis, 243, 282
Aristelliger_ presignis, 277
Bitis gabonica, 292, 293
nasicornis, 292, 293
Boa constr ictor, 276
Cerberus rhyneops, 108
Chameleon parvilobus, 276
pumilus, 276
Dactylocnemis granulatus,
281
Draco spilopterus, 110
Elaps corallinus, 111
maregravii, 1
Eryx conicus, 107
Johnii, 276
Geckinidee, 277
Gecko verticillatus, 277
Hydrus platurus, 109
Hy psirhina macleayi, 108
Tlysia seytale, 111
Pelius berus, 282
Platurus colubrinus, 109
Python Sebe, 108
RepPriLia, continued—
Silybura, 284.
brevis, 284
macrolepis, 284
Trachysaurus rugosus, 109
Uromastix Hardwickii, 275
Uropeltide, 284
Pisces—
Birkenia, 302.
Centrina salviani, 298
Gadus minutus, 68
Gobiidee, 74
Gobius, 75
Jeftreysii, 74, 75, 76
minutus, 70, 76
orca, 74, 75, 110
scorpioides, 75
Gymnodontes tetraodon,
102
Lanarkia, 302
Lausanius, 302
Lebetus, 75, 76
Leptocephalus, 7
Merlucius merluccius, 68
Ostracodermi, 302
Pleuronectes flesus, 70
Psammosteus, 302
Raniceps ranimus, 75
Thelodus, 302-
CycLostoMATA—
Petromyzon marinus, 298
Tunrcata, 5, 302
Oikopleura dioica, 5
HemicHorpa—
Cephalodiseus, 7
nigrescens, 7
Motuuscea, 4, 228, 297
/Egires ‘punctilucens, 4
Agriolimax agrestis, 246,
247
levis, 246
Ancylus fluviatilis, 247
Arion ater, 246, 247
circumscriptus, 246, 247
hortensis, 246, 24
minimus, 246, 247
Balea perversa, 247
Brachiopoda, 228
Clausilia perversa, 247
Cochlicopa lubrica, 246
Helix arbustorum, 247
caperata, 247
hispida, 247
nemoralis, 247
rotundata, 246, 247
|
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Motuusca, continued—
Hyalinia err eae 247
cellaria, 246, 2
erystallina, D6, 247
fulva, 246
nitidula, 247
Limax, 246
marginatus, 247
maximus, 246
Limniea stagnalis, 246
Modiolaria; 28
Pisidium, 246
Pupa eylindracea, 247
Vitrina pellucida, 246, 247
LEpIporTERA—
Cossus, 108
Morrisonia chlorograpta,
9
chrysorytha, 281
Pieris napi, 20
Saturnia carpini, 20
DirrEra, 7, 8, 108, 256, 263,
273, ‘298, 302, 303
Acidia cognata, 167
heraclei, 167
Actora estuum, 165
A gromyza capitata, 171
curvipalpis, 171
flaveola, 171
geniculata, 171
nigripes, 170
reptans, 170
Agromyzide, 170
Allzeostylus flaveola, 160
simplex, 160
Allophyla atricornis, 165
Amalopsis immaculata,
243, 256
occulta, 10
unicolor, 256
pace brevifrons,
fasciata, 164
tibiella, 164
Anisomera zequalis, 9, 156
Burmeisteri, 10
vittata, 10
Anthomyia, 243
radicum, 162
sulciventris, 162
Anthomyide, 109, 160, 302
Anthomyza gracilis, 168
Anthracomyia melanop-
tera, 159
Aphrosylus celtiber, 17, 159
ferox, 159
Ardoptera guttata, 158
irrorata, 15, 158
Argyra argentina, 16
argyria, 16
confinis, 16
diaphana, 16
leucocephala, 16
Ascia podagrica, 19
Asilidze, 12
Atherix’ ibis, 12
Aulacigaster rufitarsis, 170
Dierera, continued—
Azelia cilipes, 163, 263
gibbera, 163 |
Macquartii, 165 |
Zetterstedtii, 163 |
Balioptera combinata, 168
tripunctata, 168
Beris chalybeata, 11
fuscipes, 11
Morrisii, 11
Vallata, 11
Bibio Johannis, 9
lacteipennis, 9
laniger, 8
leucopterus, 8
nigriventris, 8
pomone, 8
-varipes, 8
Bibionide, 8, 298
Blepharidea vulgaris, 20
are inscripta,
1
modesta, 165
serrata, 165
Bombylide, 157
Bombylius major, 243, 282
Borboridz, 171
Borborus equinus, 172
geniculatus, 172
niger, 171
nigrifemoratus, 172
nitidus, 171
suillorum, 172
Brachyopa bicolor, 159
Callimyia ameena, 18
Calliphora vomitoria, 22
Calobata petronella, 167
Campsicnemus curvipes, 17
loripes, 17, 159
scambus, 17
Caricea exul, 163
intermedia, 163
means, 163
tigrina, 163
Centor cereris, 170
myopinus, 170
nudipes, 170 :
aah als ostiorum,
4
Ceratomyza denticornis,
171
Ceromasia spectabilis, 159
Chalarus spurius, 18, 159
Chersodromia hirta, 158
Chilosia albipila, 18
albitarsis, 18
Bergenstammi, 18
fraterna, 18
grossa, 18, 159, 277
honesta, 18
intonsa, 18
pulchripes, 18
sparsa, 18
yariabilis, 18
vulpina, 18
Chilotrichia imbuta, 9
Chironomidee, 298
Chirosia albitarsis, 162
Chloropidee, 170
Chlorops lateralis, 170
minuta, 170
puncticollis, 170
scutellaris, 170
speciosa, 170
INDICES,
Diptera, continwed—
Chortophila arenosa, 162
Billbergi, 162
cinerella, 162
sepia, 162
trapezina, 162
Chromatomyia affinis, 171
albiceps, 1/1
obscurella, 171
Cire on sstae Macquarti,
splendens, 18, 159
Chrysops czcutiens, 12
relicta, 12
eran arcuatum,
0
bicinctum, 20
Chrysotus cilipes, 16
gramineus, 16
pulchellus, 16
Clidogastra nigrita, 164
Cnemodon vitripennis, 18
Ccelomyia mollissima, 163
Ceelopa pilipes, 165
Ccenia palustris, 169
Coenosia geniculata, 163
sexnotata, 163
Conicera atra, 155
similis, 155
Conopide, 20
Conops quadrifasciata, 20
Cordylura pudica, 163
Cordyluride, 163
Criorrhina berberina, 20
Cynomyia mortuorum, 21
Cyrtoma nigra, 13
spuria, 13, 277
Cyrtoneura pabulorum, 22
159
stabulans, 22
Dactylolabis sp., 9
Dexia vacua, 21
Diastata inornata, 169
unipunetata, 169
Dicranomyia aquosa, 9
chorea, 243, 256
modesta, 263
Didea, 284
alneti, 159,284
Dilophus albipennis, 8
femoratus, 8
Dioctria Reinhardi, 12
Diplotoxa messoria, 170
Dixa maculata, 243
nebulosa, 263
Dolichopodide, 8, 15, 158
Dolichopus atratus, 15
atripes, 15
brevipennis, 16
discifer, 15
festivus, 16
griseipennis, 16
lepidus, 15
nubilus, 16
pennatus, 15
picipes, 15
plumipes, 15
popularis, 16
rupestris, 16
signatus, 16
simplex, 16
trivialis, 16
urbanus, 16
vitripennis, 15
|
|
325
Dierera, continued—
Drosophila cameraria, 170
fenestrarum, 170
phalerata, 170
transversa, 170
Drosophilidze, 169
Drymia hamata, 110, 161,
eid
Dryomyza decrepita, 166
flaveola, 166
Eecoptomera longiseta, 165
Elachyptera cornuta, 170
Elgiva albiseta, 166
cucularia, 166
dorsalis, 166
lineata, 166 —
Empeda nubila, 243, 256 ©
Empide, 13, 157
Empis albinervis, 158
bilineata, 14
borealis, 13
brunneipennis, 14
chioptera, 14
grisea, 14
hyalinipennis, 158
lepidopus, 14
opaca, 13
pennaria, 14
punctata, 13
scutellata, 14
vernalis, 158
Ephydride, 169
Epicampocera succinta, 20
Epiphragma picta, 9
Erigone radicum, 21
strenua, 21
Erioptera teenionota, 243
trivialis, 256
Eristalis zeneus, 273, 294
sepulchralis, 256, 293
Fucellia fucorum, 163, 277
maritima, 163
Fucomyia frigida, 165
Geomyzide, 168
Geranomyia unicolor, 9
Glomyzidee, 168
Gloma fuscipennis, 15
Glossina palpalis, 7
Goniomyla, 256
Graphomyia maculata, 22
Gymnocheta viridis, 20
Gymnomera tarsea, 164
Gymnophora arcuata, 155
Gymnopternus erosus, 16
celer, 16
cupreus, 16
Heematobia stimulans, 21
Bete peds crassicornis,
Heleodromia fontinalis, 15
stagnalis, 15, 158
Helomyza flavifrons, 165
levifrons, 165
rufa,
similis, 165
Zetterstedtii, 165
Helomyzide, 165
326 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Dierera, continued—
Helophilus hybridus, 19
pendulus, 265
transfugus, 19
trivittatus, 19 :
Hemerodromia precatoria,
15
Hereostomus atrovirens,
158
nigripennis, 16 é
Heteromyza commixta,
165
Hilara Beckeri, 158
canescens, 4
chorica, 158
cilipes, 0
flava, 14
interstineta, 14
litorea, 14
lurida, 14
manicata, 14
maura, 14
pilosa, 14
quadrivittata, 158
spinimana, 14
Hippoboscide, 173, 302
Homalomyia aerea, 163
eanicularis, 162
fuscula, 162
genualis, 163
hamata, 162
incisurata, 163
pallitibia, 162
serena, 163
sociella, 163
Hyalurgus lucida, 20
Hybos culiciformis, 13
femoratus, 13
eres 13
Hyavellia er sostoma, 169
griseola, 1 69
nigripes, 169
Hydrophoria ambigua, 162
anthomyia, 162
caudata, 162
conica, 162
Hydrophorus bisetus, 17
Hydrotea albipuncta, 161,
277
AS 161
dentipes, 161
fasciculata, 161
implexa, 161
irritans, 161
militaris, 161
occulta, 161
similis, 161
Hyetodesia basalis, 160
dispar, 160
errans, 160
erratica, 160
jucorum, 160
marmorata, 160
obseurata, 160
pallida, 160
rufipalpis, 160
scutellaris, 160
semicinerea, 160
serva, 160
signata, 160
umbratica, 160
variabilis, 160
variegata, 160
Hypophyllus obscurellus,
6, 158
Dietera, continued—
Hylemyia coarctata, 162
lasciva, 162
nigrimana, 162
seticrura, 162
strigosa, 263
Idioptera pulchella, 256
Tlythea spilota, 169
Ischyroscyr, phus glaucius,
eae, 19 ;
Tsopogon brevirostris, 12
Lauxania senea, 168
Lepidomyia melanoce-
phala, 158
Leptide, 12, 157
Leptis lineola, 12, 265
notata, 12
tringaria, 12 ;
Leptogaster guttiventris,
12
Liancalus virens, 17
Limnia oblitera, 166
unguicornis, 166
Limnobia nebeculosa, 243,
256
Limnobide, 9, 156
Limnophila aperta, 243
sepium, 9
subtincta, 9
Limnophora solitaria, 161
Limosina crassimana, 172
fontinalis, 172
limosa, 172
lutosa, 172
pumilio, 172
sylvatica, 172
Lonchea zenea, 167
laticornis, 167
tarsata, 167
vaginalis, 167
Loncheeide, 167
Lonchoptera flavicauda, 17
lacustris, 17
punctum, 17
sp., 17
trilineata, 17
Lonchopteride, 17
Loxocera albiseta, 167
aristata, 167
Lueilia nobilis, 22
sericata, 22
sylvarum, 22
Macherium maritime, 158
Macquartia affinis, 21
tenebricosa, 21
Macrorchis meditata, 161
Medeterus apicalis, 17, 159,
77
Moetanky na quadrimacu-
Jata, 19
Melanophora atra, 159
roralis, 277
Melanostoma mellinum,243
scalare, 19
Melancta volvulus, 20
Melophagus oyinus, 173
Merodon equestris y. nar-
cissi, 20
Meromyza nigriventris, 170
pratorum, 170
Mesembrina meridiana, 22
Metopia leucocephala, 21
Metopina galeata, 155
Diptera, continued—
Microchrysa cyaneiventris,
ll
flavicornis, 11
polita, 11
Micropalpus vulpinus, 21
Micropezidee, 167
Molophilus ater, 9
Morellia curvipes, 22
hortorum, 22
simplex, 22
Musca domestica, 22
Muscide, 21, 109, 159
Mydvea separata, 161
urbana, 161
vespertina, 160
Myiocera carinifrons, 21
Myiospila meditabunda, 22
Myopa buccata, 20
Nemopoda cylindrica, 168
Nemotelus nigrinus, 11
Neottiophilum preustum,
298
Neuroctena anilis, 166
Norellia flavicornis, 164
liturata, 164
spinigera, 164
spinimana, 164
. Notiophila cinerea, 169
riparia, 169
uliginosa, 169
Ocydromia glabricula, 15,
262
Octhiphila favipaln 171
geniculata, 171
polystigma, 171
(Hicothea fenestralis, 165
(Edoparea buccata, 165
Olivieria lateralis, 21
Opetia nigra, 18
Opomyza florum, 168
germinationis, 168
Opomyzide, 168
Oreogeton flavipes, 14
Ortalidee, 167
Orygma luctuosum, 164
Oscinis frit, 170 |
Oxycera muscaria, 11
pygmea, 11
Pachyrrhina imperialis, 10
sealaris, 10
Palloptera saltuum, 168
trimacula, 168
umbellatarum, 168
Paralleloma albipes, 164
Paranthomyza nitida, 169
Parhydra fossarum, 169
quadripunctata, 169
Pegomyia bet, 162
bicolor, 162
ephippium, 162
flavipes, 162
heemorrhoum, 162
latitarsis, 162
nigritarsis, 162
setaria, 162
Pheomyia fuscipennis, 166
Philhydria punctatoner-
vosa, 169
Philonicus albiceps, 12
——
EE
Drerera, continued—
Phora abdominalis, 153, 154
zequalis, 155
albicolella, 154
Beckeri, 155 |
brevicostalis, 155
campestris, 155
carinifrons, 155
citreiformis, 155
concinna, 155
conformis, 155 |
costalis, 153, 155
crassicornis, 155 |
cubitalis, 153, 155
curvinervis, 154
decreta, 155
femoratus, 155
fennica, 155 vast
flava, 155 |
florea, 153
fusca, 155
fuscinervis, 155
glabrifrons, 155
humilis, 155
inzequalis, 154 ]
lugubris, 154 |
lutea, 155
maculata, 154
Mallochi, 155
minor, 154
nudipalpis, 155
opaca, 154
parva, 155
pleuralis, 155
projecta, 154, 172
pubericornis, 153, 155
pusilla, 155
rata, 155
rufa, 155
rufipes, 155, 156, 172
sordida, 153, 155
sublugubris, 156
sSpinicincta, 154
thoraciea, 155
umbrimargo, 155
unispinosa, 155
urbana, 155
vitripennis, 155
Phorbia floccosa, 162
muscaria, 162
transversalis, 162
Phoride, 153, 172, 297, 298
Phthiria pulicaria, 157
Phycodromide, 164
Phytomyza notata, 171
rufipes, 171
Zetterstedtii, 171
Phytomyzide, 171
Pipiza bimaculata, 18
noctiluca, 18
Pipizella flavitarsis, 18, 159
maculipennis, 159
virens, 18
Pipunculidee, 18, 159
Pipunculus campestris, 18
confusus, 18, 159
hemorrhoidalis, 18
sylvaticus, 159
xanthopus, 18
Plagia ruralis, 21
Sa canes podagratus,
tarsalis, 19
Platypeza atra, 18
Platypezidz, 18
Peecilobothrus ducalis, 158
INDICES.
Diptera, continued—
Polietes albolineata, 160
hirticrura, 160
Pollenio rudis, 21
vespillo, 21 :
Porphyrops consobrina, 16
crassipes,
micans, 17
patula, 16
riparia, 17
Tivalis, 16
spinicoxa, 16
Protocalliphora grcenlan-
dica, 22
Psila atra, 167
fimetaria, 166
nigricornis, 167
pallida, 166
rose, 167
rufa, 166
Psilidee, 166
Psilopus platypterus, 15
Wiedemanni, 15
Ptychoptera albimana, 243
Rhamphomyia anomali-
pennis, 13
cinerascens, 13
costata, 157
culicina, 157
dentipes, 13
fascipennis, 157
filata, 157
flava, 13
gibba, 157
nigripes, 13
plumipes, 13
spinipes, 13
sulcata, 13
tenuirostris, 13, 157
umbripennis, 157
Rhingia campestris, 243
Rhyphide, 11 ‘
Rhyphus fenestralis, 11
punctatus, 11
Bly phalepue nodulosus,
oto
Rivellia syngenesiz, 167
Reeselia antiqua, 21
Sapromyza anisodactyla,
168
decempunctata, 168
obsoleta, 168
pallidiventris, 168
preusta, 168
rorida, 168
Sapromyzide, 168
Sarcophaga albiceps, 21
atropos, 21
carnaria, 21
Sargus cuprarius, 11
flavipes, 11
iridatus, 11
Scaptomyza flaveola, 169
graminum, 169
Scatella zestuans, 169
quadrata, 169
sorbillans, 169
stagnalis, 169
Scatophaga litorea, 164
lutaria, 164
maculipes, 164
ordinata, 164
squalida, 164, 298
stercoraria, 298
villipes, 164
Dirtera, continued—
Schcenomyza fasciata, 171
litorella, 171
Seiomyza albocostata, 166
cinerella, 166
pallidiventris, 166
Sciomyzide, 165
Seoptera vibrans, 167
Sepsidee, 168
Sepsis cynipsea, 168, 263
Sericomyia lappona, 20
Siphona cristata, 21
_geniculata, 21
Sisyropa acronyctarum, 20
hortulana, 20
lota, 20
Somolia zenea, 159
rebaptizata, 159
Spania nigra, 12, 157
Spathiophora hydromy-
zina, 164
Spheerocera pusilla, 172
subsultans, 172
Sphegina clunipes, 19
Spilogaster communis, 161
consimilis, 162
duplicata, 161
protuberans, 161, 163
quadrum, 161
tetrastigma, 161
Spilographa Zoé, 167
Stomoxys calcitrans, 21
Stratiomyide, 11
Symphoromyia
cornis, 12
Sympyenus annulipes, 17
Syntormon monilis, 159
pallipes, 17
sulcipes, 17
tarsatus, 17
Syrphidee, 18, 159, 284, 293
Syrphus, 284
albostriatus, 19
annulatus, 19
arcticus, 19
auricollis v. maculi-
cornis, 19
bifasciatus, 19
einetellus, 19
cinctus, 19
compositarum, 19
guttatus, 19, 159
lasiophthalmus, 19
latifasciatus, 19
lineola, 19
luniger, 19
lunulatus, 19
punctulatus, 19
tricinctus, 19
venustus, 19
vittiger, 19
crassi-
Tabanide, 12, 157
Tabanus autumnalis, 277
sudeticus, 12, 277
Tachinidae, 20, 159
Tachista annulimana, 158
arrogans, 158
connexa, 158
Tachydromia agilis, 15
annulata, 158
bicolor, 15
flavipes, 15
longicornis, 15
pectoralis, 158
Tachypeza nubila, 15
328 TRANSACTIONS,
Dirrera, continued—
Tephritis leontodontis, 167
tesselata, 167
Tephrochlamys canescens,
b)
flavipes, 165
rufiventris, 165
Tetanocera coryleti, 166
elata, 166
ferruginea, 166
leevifrons, 166
punctulata, 166
robusta, 166
sylvatica, 166
umbrarum, 166
unicolor, 166 ,
Tetanops myopina, 167
Teucophorus spiniger-
ellus, 17
Themira pilosa, 168
putris, 168
Thereva annulata, 12
nobilitata, 12
Therevidee, 12
Therioplectes luridus, 157
montanus, 157
solstitialis, 157
bie y. bisignatus,
Thrypticus bellus, 16
Tipula excisa, 10
oleracea, 256
pabulina, 10
pagana, 263
pictipennis, 10
plumbea, 243
Tipulide, 10, 243, 256, 298
Trichina clavipes, 158
flavipes, 1
Trichocera fuscata, 263
hiemalis, 263
regelationis, 263
Trichocere, 9 :
Trichopeza longicornis, 15
Trichopticus cunctans, 161
hirsutulus. 161
pulcher, 161
semipellucidus, 161
Trineura aterrima, 155, 177
Schineri, 155, 172
stictica, 172
velutina, 155, 172
Trixa cestroidea, 21
Trypeta lappz, 167
Trypetide, 167
Verrallia aucta, 18
Xiphandrium appendicul-
atum, 17, 158
brevicorne, 158
fissum, 17
monotrichum, 17
Xylota florum, 20
segnis, 20
sylvarum, 20
CoxgorTERa, 58, 108, 282
Acanthocinus eedilis, 108
Anthicide, 304
Bembidium quadrigutta-
tum, 304
CoxzorTerA, continwed—
Cetonia floricola, 108
Corymbetes eneus, 301
Lamia textor, 108
Leiopus nebulosus, 305
Liodes castanea, 108
Longicornes, 305
Notoxus monoceros, 304
Pissodes pini, 108
Rhagium bifasciatum, 151
Stenolophus plagiatus, 108
Se formicarius,
10
Hemserera, 277
Notonecta glauca, 246
Piezodorus lituratus, 277
ORTHOPTERA— a
Bactrododema tiarata, 305
Cotiempoa, 242
Tomocerus tridentiferus,
242
MyriapopDa—
Linoteenia maritima, 283
Polyxenus lagurus, 283
Aracunipa, LOT
Cheiridiummuseorum. 247
Ghelifer cancroides, 283
Meta menardi, 294, 296
Nemastoma lugubre, 246
Pyonoconipa, 146, 147, 299
‘Ammothea echinata, 149
jeevis, 149
Anaphia petiolata, 148
pygmeea, 148
Anoplodactylus, 118
Endeis spinosus, 147
Nymphon, 299
brevirostre, 148
gracile, 146, 148
yubrum, 148
Pallene brevirostris, 146,
1
producta, 148
Phoxichilidium, 146, 148
femoratum, 147
longicolle, 148
Phoxochilus, 147
Podostomata, 147
Pycnogonide. 146
Pyenogonidea, 148
Pycnogonum, 146, 147, 148
littorale, 146, 147
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Crustacea, 64, 65, 246, 274,
285
ZBgeon, 66.
‘Armadillidium nasatum,
86
vulgare, 80, 86
- Asellus aquaticus, 246
Cheraphilus, 66
Crangon, 66
Allmanni, 71
3, 67, 70, 71
Crangonide, 64, 70, 109
Oylisticus, $1
copes 80, 82, 85, 86,
Gammarus, locusta, 70
Halimus Hectori, 281 _
Haplophthalmus danicus,
mengil, 86.
Hippolyte varians, 67
Idothea, 102
acuminata, 44
baltica, 43, 44, 45
bicuspidata, 45
emarginata, 43, 45
granulosa, 45
linearis, 43, 45
marina, 45
neglecta, 42, 43, 45
pelagica, 43, 45
viridis, 42, 43. 44, 70
Tdotheidee, 42
Tsopoda, 42, 242, 298
Ligia oceanica, 80
Ligiidee, 80
Malacostraca, 65,.71
Metoponorthus, 81, 84
pruinosus, 82, 84, 86
Nika edulis, 68
Oniscidee, 80
Oniscus, 81
asellus. 80, 82, 95, 246
Pasipheea sivado, 68
Pennella, 6
balenoptere, 6
Petrolisthes spinosus, 281
Philocheras, 66, 67
bispinosus, 67, 68, 69
echinulatus, 68, 70
fasciatus, 69
neglectus, 69
sculptus, 68, 6:)
trispinosus, 66, 67
Philoscia muscorum, 80,
86, 95 |
patiencel, 298
Pontophilus, 66, 70
spinosus, 68, 70, 71
Porcellio, 81, 84
dilatatus, 82, 83
pictus, 80, 85
scaber, 80, 82, 83, 246
Sabinea, 66
Spheroma rugicauda, 70
Stenosoma acuminata, 43
Crustacea, continued—
Trichoniscidee, 80, 81.
eho albidus,
sp., 86
Trichoniscus, 82
albidus, 86
linearis, 298 ¥
pusillus, 80, 82, 84, 85,
242, 246
pygmenus, £2, 83, 298
roseus, 80, 82, 83, 85
spinosus. 86
stebbingi, 86
Valvifera, 42
Zenobiana prismatica, 43
ANNELIDA—
Autolycus, 3
prolifer, 3, 4
Cheetopterus, 2
insignis, 28
Cyphonautes, 4
compressus, 4
schneideri, 4
PHENOGAMIA—
Abies Douglassii, 152
pectinata, 235, 258
Acacia melanoxylon, 294
Acer, 126, 128, 193, 261
platanoides, 126, 233
y. laciniatum, 234
Pseudo - platanus,
239, 258, 269, 270,
72
272
Achillea Millefolium, 223
ptarmica, 225
Adoxa Moschatellina, 95,
223, 234
Zigopodium Podagraria,
95, 120, 223, 267, 268,
272
Zésculus carnea, 233
flava, 246, 284
glabra, 233 |
ZEthusa Cynapium, 273
Agrimonia Eupatoria, 223,
234
odorata, 102 |
Agropyron caninum, 226
junceum, 226
repens, 226,
Agrostis canina, 226
palustris v. maritima, 226
y. stolonifera, 226
pumila, 226
vulgaris, 120, 226, 267
Aira caryophyllea, 226
preecox, 226
Ajuga reptans, 143, 225, 272
Alchemilla arvensis, 223
vulgaris, 96, 120, 223, 268
222,
271,
INDICES,
ANNELIDA, continued—
Membranipora pilosa, 4
Mitraria, 3
skifera, 5
Nemertea, 2
Owenia filiformis, 3
Phoronidea, 5
Phoronis, 5
australis, 7
hippocrepia, 5
psammophila, 5
Pilidium, 2
Polybostrichus, 3
Polycheta, 2
Polygordius, 3
lacteus, 3
Poly zoa, 4
Sacconereis, 3
Tomopteris, 5
EcHINODERMATA—
Echinus, 4
Ophiopluteus, 4 _
Ophiothrix fragilis, 4
BOTANY.
PH2NOGAMIA, continued—
Alisma Plantago-aquatica,
225, 263, 269
ranunculoides, 225
Allium, 151
ursinum, 225, 234
Alnus glutinosa, 225, 242,
269 272
v. laciniata, 233
Sone geniculatus,
pratensis, 226
Ammophila arundinacea,
226
Anagallis arvensis, 224
tenella, 224
Anchusa sempervirens, 224
Anemone nemorosa, 43,
152, 221, 244, 267
Angelica sylvestris, 223,
269
Antennaria dioica, 100, 225
Anthemis nobilis, 220, 223
oe odoratum,
‘Anthriscus sylvestris, 223,
67
Anthyllis Vulneraria, 222
ae inundatum, 100,
Arabis hirsuta, 222
Arctium minus, 224
Arenaria peploides, 222
serpyllifolia, 222
trinervia, 222, 268
Armeria, 72, 120
maritima, 145, 224, 267
EcuINopERMATA, continued—
Synapta, 4
Spatangus purpureus, 4
C@LENTERATA, 2
Actinia prolifera, 28
Anthea cereus, 29
Discomeduse, 29
Edwardsia tuberculata, 28
Eudendrium capillare, 28
Gonactinia, 28, 29
prolifera, 28, 29, 106
Medusz, 2
Phialidium temporarium,2
Sarsia gemmifera, 2
Tiara pileata, 2
Portrers, 301 | =
Hyalonema sieboldii, 300
Protozoa, 2
Trypanosoma, 7
PazNOGAMIA, continued—
Arrhenatherum avena-
ceum, 226
Artemisia Abrotonum, 22,
94
23
Absinthium, 106
maritima, 106
vulgaris, 106, 2235 i
Arum maculatum, 225, 244,
ORT
257
Asperula odorata, 223
Aster Tripolium, 223.
Astragalus Hypoglottis,
102
Atriplex angustifolia, 262
Babingtonii, 225
laciniata, 225
patula, 225
Atropa Belladonna, 224
Avena sativa, 120
Azalea, 96
Bartsia Odontites, 121, 224,
269
+ v. verna, 224
viscosa, 224
Bellis perennis, 95, 225
Berberis. 96
vulgaris, 221
Beta maritima, 294
Bens. alba, 121, 215, 268,
27
lutea, 233, 234
verrucosa, 225
Bidens tripartita, 223
Borago officinalis, 224
330 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
PHzNOGAMIA, continued— PH®NOGAMIA, continued—- PH®NOGAMIA, continued—
Brachypodium gracile, 226
sylvaticum, 121, 268
rassica monensis, 222
Rapa, 222
Sinapistrum. 222
Briza media, 246
Bromus mollis, 226
ramosus, 226
sterilis, 226, 247
Bryonica dioica, 275
Buda media, 222
rubra, 222
Bursa Bursa-pastoris, 222
Buxus sempervirens, 143
Cakile maritima, 222
Calla, 144
Coniche autumnalis, 221,
stagnalis, 223
Calluna Erica, 224
vulgaris, 269, 270, 299
Cotas. palustris, 120, 221,
26)
Camellia theifera v. assa-
mica, 294 :
Camelina sativa, 262
Campanula rotundifolia,
224, 269
Capsella Bursa- pastoris, |
20, 267
Cardamine amara, 244, 247
flexuosa, 222
hirsuta, 222
pratensis, 222
Carex, 221, 237, 277, 305
acutiformis, 226
ampullacea, 100
arenaria, 151, 226
atrata, 237, 238, 305
echinata, 226
filiformis, 287
flacca, 226
flava, 226
Goodenowii, 226
Grahami, 238
hirta, 100, 226
ovalis, 226
paludosa, 100
pilulifera, 226
pulicaris, 226
rostrata, 226
Saxatilis, 237, 238, 305
f. glomerata, 237, 305
f. intermedia, 238, 305
Stricta, 151
sylvatica, 226
vesicaria, 238, 305
£. alpigena, 238
vulpina, 226
Carpinus Betulus, 246
v. incisa, 233
Castalia speciosa, 221, 262
v. minor, 221
Castanea sativa, 225, 258
v. pelea tee 248, 249,
5
Catabrosa aquatica v.
littoralis, 226
Caucalis Anthriscus 223
nodosa, 102
Cedrus atlantica, 235
deodara, 90 °
Libani, 250
Centaurea Cyanus, 263
nigra, 121, 224, 268
Centunculus minimus,
2
Cephalanthera, 118
ensifolia, 118
Cerastium alpinum, 260
glomeratum, 222
tetrandrum, 222
triviale. 96, 222
Chaerophyllum temulum,
23
Cheiranthus Cheiri, 227
Chelidonium majus, 220,
221
Chenopodium album, 225
Chionodoxa Lucilize, 125
Chrysanthemum, 38
Leucanthemum, 223
segetum, 223 t
Chrysosplenium alterni-
folium, 234, 241, 247
oppositifolium, 121, 143,
223
Circa lutetiana, 2237269
Cladium jamaicense, 226
Claytonia sibirica, 220, 222
Cnicus arvensis, 121, 224
lanceolatus. 224
palustris, 224, 268, 271
Cochlearia officinalis, 222.
Conium maculatum, 223
Conopodium denudatum.
96, 223, 268
Cordyline, 62
australis, 60, 106
Cornus suecica, 111, 260
Corylus Avellana, 225, 271
Cotoneaster frigida, 261
Gat eden Umbilicus, 223,
Cratzegus Crus-galli, 233
Oxyacantha. 96, 121, 225,
233, 270 ;
Crepis paludosa, 224, 268
virens, 224
Crithmum, 115, 116
maritimum, 115, 281, 294
Crocus, 124, 125, 151, 191
Cynosurus cristatus, 226
Cytisus scoparius, 222
Dactylis glomerata, 226, 271
Dahlia, 200
Daphne Mezereum, 52, 124,
191
Daucus Carota, 223, 262
Deschampsia —_cwespitosa,
226
flexuosa, 226
ee PEDUNER: 224,
; vi 7
Drosera rotundifolia, 223
Eleocharis multicaulis, 225
palustris, 225
Elodea canadensis, 225
Empetrum nigrum, 225
Epilobium, 272
hirsutum, 223
montanum, 223
palustre, 121, 225
parviflorum, 223
Epipactis, 118
latifolia, 261
palustris, 115, 117, 118,
281
Eranthis hyemalis, 123, 190
Erica cinerea, 224
Tetralix, 224
Eriophorum
lium, 226
vaginatum, 226
Erodium cicutarium, 222
Erophila vulgaris, 222
Ehyoeie maritimum, 87,
angustifo-
Erythrea Centaurium, 224
Erythronium, 127
Eucalyptus rostrata, 294
Euonymus europzeus, 233
Eupatorium cannabinum,
223, 252, 269, 271
Euphorbia Helioscopia,225
Peplus, 225
Euphrasia officinalis, 224
Fagus sylvatica, 225, 234,
249, 270, 271, 272
v. cuprea, 255
Festuca elatior, 226
ovina, 226
..__ Y. Capillata, 226
Filago germanica, 223
minima, 223
EGU De) vulgare, 220,
Forsythia suspensa, 125
Fragaria vesca, 222
Fraxinus excelsior, 224
Vv. crispa, 233
Ornus, 249
Fuchsia, 272
Fumaria officinalis, 221
Galanthus nivalis, 152
Galeopsis Tetrahit, 224
versicolor, 224
Galium Aparine, 223, 267
pare y. Witheringii,
saxatile, 121, 223, 268,
269
uliginosum, 223
verum, 120, 223
Gentiana campestris, 224
Geranium dissectum, 222
molle, 222
pratense, 222
Soe 292, 247,
at
sanguineum, 102, 222,
sylvaticum, 246, 247,
268
Geum rivale, 222
urbanum, 222
Glaucium flavum, 221
Glaux maritima, 224
Glyceria fluitans, 226, 267
maritima, 226
Gnaphaiion sylvaticum,
qulsinosum, ae
ymnadenia onopsea,
00, 118 we
|
PHzENOGAMIA, continued—
Habenaria albida, 225
bifolia, 225
chloroleuca, 225
conopsea, 225
Hedera Helix, 96, 223, 247,
269, 271, 272
Hepatica, 195, 191
Heracleum Sphondylium,
_ 223, 269 ;
Hieracium aurantiacum,
220, 224
boreale, 101
Pilosella, 224
vulgatum, 224
enuperbae rhamnoides,
coppers vulgaris, 223,
Holecs, 268
lanatus, 120, 226
mollis, 96, 226
Hyacinthus, 151
sedi tea le vulgaris, 121,
Hypericum Androsemum, |
222, 268
2, 2
dubium, 222
elodes, 222
pulchrum, 222
quadratum, 222
Hypocheeris radicata, 224
Iberis amara, 220, 222
lex Aguifolium, 96, 222,
269, 272
Inula crithmoides, 117
Iris Pseudacorus, 225
Jasione montana, 224
Jasminum
135, 200 |
Juncus acutiflorus, 225
bufonius, 225
communis, 152, 271
conglomeratus, 225
effusus, 225
lamprocarpus, 225
maritimus, 225
squarrosus, 225
supinus, 225
trifidus, 260
triglumis, 260
Juniperus, 121
communis, 100, 225, 269
Lamium amplexicaule, 224
purpureum, 225
ate communis, 224,
Larix europzea, 235
Lathyrus pratensis, 222
Lathrea squamaria, 40,
110, 241
Lemna ’ minor, 225
Leontodon autumnalis, 224
Lepidium hirtum, 222
cua ohne scoticum, 102,
Ligustrum vulgare, 224
poe Cymbalaria, 220,
repens, 220, 224
vulgaris, 224
es catharticum, 121,
}
nudiflorum, |
INDICES.
PHzNoGaMLA, continued—
Liriodendron
233
Listera cordata, 225, 281
ovata, 118, 225, 244, 245
Littorella juncea, 225
Lobelia Dortmanna, 224
Lodoicea callipyge, 108
seychellarum, 108
Lolium perenne, 226
v. italicum, 226
Lonicera Periclymennm,
225
Lotus corniculatus, 222
uliginosus, 222, 239
Luzula campestris, 12],
225, 268
erecta, 225
maxima, 121, 225, 268
Spicata, 260
vernalis, 225
Lychnis alba, 222, 263
dioica, 222
Flos-cuculi, 222
L FCOPUS EUTOPLUS, 224,261
Lycopsis arvensis, 224
Ly simachia nemorum. 224
Lythrum Salicaria, 223, 261
tulipifera,
Magnolia tripetala, 253
Malva sylvestris, 222 x
Matricaria inodora, 145,
22: rB}
Meconopsis cambrica, 220,
221
Medicago denticulata, 112
lupulina, 222_
Melampyrum pratense, 224
Melica uniflora, 226
Mentha aquatica, 268
arvensis, 224
hirsuta, 224
sativa, 224
Menyanthes trifoliata, 224
Mercurialis perennis, 225,
267, 269, 270, 275
Milium effusum, 101
Mimulus luteus, 220, 224,
247
Molinia varia, 226
Montia fontana, 222
Myosotis arvensis, 224, 267
czespitosa, 224
palustris, 224
repens, 224
versicolor, 224
Myrica Gale, 96, 225
Myriophyllum alterni-
florum, 225
Myrrhis odorata, 95, 223
Narcissus, 33, 123, 125, 127,
189, 192
incomparabilis, 127
a narcissus, 125,
Nardus stricta, 226
um Ossifragum,
25
Nasturtium officinale, 222
Neckeria claviculata, 221
Neottia Nidus-avis, 234,
244, 257
Nepela Glechoma, 143,
Nuphar eae 234
331
PH2NoGAMIA, continued—
Nymphea alba, 234
lutea, 221
@nanthe crocata, 96, 223
Lachenalii, 223
Ononis repens, 222
Orehis inearnata, 225
maculata, 225
mascula, 225
pyramidalis, 118
Origanum vulgare, 224
Oxalis Acetosella, 222
Papaver. Argemone, 220,
221
Paris quadrifolia, 2 257
Parnassia palustris, 223
Pavia flava, 246, 284
Pedicularis palustris, 224
sylvatica, 224
Peplis Portula, 223
Petasites officinalis, 223
Petroselinum sativum, 274
Peucedanum Ostruthium,
220, 223
Phalaris arundinacea, 226
canariensis, 226
Phleum pratense, 226
Phragmites communis, 226
Picea excelsa, 235
pectinata, 110
Pimpinella Saxifraga, 225
Pinguicula lusitanica, 224
vulgaris, 224 s
Pinus , sylvestris, 225, 235,
Pisum sativum, 120
Plantago, 72
Coronopus, 225
lanceolata, 145, 225
major, 120, 225, 267
maritima, 295
media, 220, 925
Platanus orientalis, 233
Pneumaria maritima, 224
Poa annua, 226
Chaixii, 245, 284
pratensis, 226
trivialis, 226
gr were cerulewn,
20, 2:
Poly, gala vulgaris, 222
Poly, eonune amphibium,
25
v. terrestre, 225
aviculare, 120, 225, 267
Bistorta, 225, 239, 246, 272
Convolvulus, 225
Hydropiper, 225
lapathifolium, 225
Persicaria, 225
Raii, 225
Populus, 259
tremula, 143
Potamogeton _hetero-
phyllus, 225
natans, 225
nitens, 225
polygonifolius, 225
Potentilla Anserina, 222
Fragariastrum, 222, 268
palustris, 222
silvestris, 222
Tormentilla, 269, 272
332
PHXNOGAMIA, continwed-—
Primula acaulis, 96, 224
vulgaris, 120
Prunella vulgaris, 224, 269,
ol
Prunus Lauro-cerasus, 269
Mahaleb, 233, 234
Padus, 222
serotina, 234
spinosa, 121, 222
Pseudotsuga Douglasii,235
Pyrus Aucuparia, 223
communis, 275
domestica, 232
salicifolia, 233
Sorbus, 232, 23
Quereus Cerris, 248, 249,
250
peduneulata =v.
gata, 233
Robur, 225, 269
rubra, 233
varie-
Radiola linoides, 222
Ranunculus acris, 221
auricomus, 234, 284
bulbosus, 221, 244, 257
Ficaria, 95, 221, 267, 268
v. ineumbens, 221
Flammula, 221
hederaceus, 221
peltatus, 221
repens, 144, 221, 267, 272
sceleratus, 87
trichophyllus, 221
Raphanus maritimus, 222
Raphanistrum, 222
Rhinanthus Crista- galli,
121, 224
Rhododendron, 33, 34, :96,
123, 126, 129, 140, 192,
195, 209
Cunninghami, 54
Eugenie, 126
Jacksoni, 33, 126, 192
Nobleanum, 32, 123, 191,
192
preecox, 32, 123, 192
Rhynchospora alba, 226
Rabes: eae 96, 220,
95
sanguinea, 125
Robinia, 100
Rosa, 268, 271, 272
canina, 223, 271
v. lutetiana, 223
mollis, 223
pimpinellifolia, 223
rubiginosa, 223
Rubus fruticosus, 222
Ideeus, 143, 222, 270
Rumex Acetosa, 120, 225,
268
Acetosella, 225
conglomeratus, 225
crispus, 225
Hydrolapathum, 264, 284
obtusifolius, 121, 225, 268,
271, 272
sanguineus, 225
v. viridis, 225
Ruppia rostellata, 225
Sagina nodosa, 222
procumbens, 222
PHNoGAMIA, continued—
Salicornia herbacea, 87,
116, 225
Salix, 273
alba, 225
aurita, 270
fragilis, 234
Salsola Kali, 225
Sambucus nigra, 223
Serius Valerandi.
Sanicula europea, 223, 268
Saxifraga aizoides, 223
granulata, 244
hypnoides, 247, 260
oppositifolia, 71, 72, 73,
90, 109, 260
tridactylites, 71, 72
Scabiosa arvensis, 220, 223
succisa, 223, 267
Scheenus nigricans, 226
Scilla, 127, 151
festalis, 225, 268
verna, 252
Scirpus czespitosus, 225
fluitans, 225
lacustris, 225
maritimus, 87
pauciflorus, 225
sylvaticus, 100, 247
Scleranthus annuus, 225
Scrophularia alata, 284
aquatica, 219, 293
Ehrharti, 246
nodosa, 224
Scutellaria
224
_ minor, 224
Sedum acre, 223
anglicum, 223
Rhodiola, 223
roseum, 252
Telephium, 223, 257
villosum, 100
Senecio aquaticus, 224
Jacobea, 223, 273
sylvaticus, 225
viscosus 262
vulgaris, 120, 223, 268
Sequoia gigantea, 152, 233
Serapias longifolia, 117
Sherardia arvensis, 225
Sieglingia decumbens, 226
Silene, 72
_ maritima, 222
Sisymbrium officinale, 222
Thalianum, 222
Sium erectum, 110
Bolan Duleamara, 224,
23)
Solidago Virgaurea, 223
Sonchus arvensis, 224
oleraceus, 224
Sparganium ramosum, 225
Spergula arvensis, 222
Spireea, 192
Aruncus, 233
Ulmaria, 96, 222, 268
Stachys arvensis, 224
palustris, 224
sylvatica, 224, 272
Stellaria graminea, 222
Holostea, 222
media, 222, 272
uliginosa, 222
Sueeda maritima, 87, 225
145,
galericulata,
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
PuaNOGAMIA, continued—
Symphoricarpus racemo-
sus, 234
Symphytum officinale, 224
tuberosum, 224, 270
Tamus communis, 275
Taraxacum officinale, 144,
224, 267, 268
Tanne baecata, 250, 257,
Teucrium Scorodonia, 225
‘Thalictrum minus, 102
Thuya gigantea, 235
plicata, 235
occidentalis, 231, 252, 254
Thymus Serpyllum, 224
Tilia, 110 B
platyphyllos v. asplenti-
folia, 234
vulgaris, 222, 257
Tragopogon pratense, 224,
306
Trifolium arvense, 252
medium, 222, 270
pratense, 222
procumbens, 222
repens, 120, 144, 222, 271,
273 ,
striatum, 25200
Triglochin maritimum,
225
palustre, 225
Trollius europzeus, 221
Tussilago Farfara,
121) 2238, 268, 269
Typha angustifolia, 261
latifolia, 225, 261
120,
Ulex europzeus, 222
Ulmus glabra, 233, 234
montana, 225, 233, 234,
249
Umbellifere, 115
Urtiea dioica, 95, 96, 121,
225, 269, 271, 272, 273
urens, 120, 225
Utricularia vulgaris, 224
Vaccinium, 153
Myrtillus, 149, 150, 151,
152, 224, 270, 271
Oxycoccos, 153
wliginosum, 153
Vitis-Ideea, 153
Valeriana Mikanii, 225
pyrenaica, 257 _
Valerianella olitoria, 223
Verbascum Thapsus, 224
Veronica agrestis, 224
Anagallis-aquatica, 224
arvensis, 224
Beccabunga, 224, 267
Chameedrys, 224
hederfolia, 224
montana, 244
officinalis, 96, 224, 270,
272
scutellata, 224
serpyllifolia, 224
Vicia angustifolia, 222
Cracca, 222
sativa, 222
seplum,! 222
tetrasperma, 262
PHzENoGAMIA, continued—
Vinca major, 220, 224
Viola arvensis, 222
Curtisii, 222
palustris, 121, 222
Riviniana, 120, 222, 268
sylvatica, 95
tricolor. 222
Volvulus sepium. 224
Zelkowa crenata, 234
Zostera, 180
marina. 87, 226
nana, 87
Finices—
Aspidium aculeatum vy.
lobatum, 247 /
Asplenium Adiantum-nig-
rum, 226
marinum, 226
Ruta-muraria, 226
Trichomanes, 144, 226,
234, 247
Athyrium Filix-feemina,
226
Botrychium Lunaria, 226
Cystopteris fragilis, 247
Hymenophyllum tun-
bridgense, 72, 226
unilaterale, 226, 243
Lastreea dilatata, 226
Filix-mas, 143, 226
Oreopteris, 226, 247
Lomaria Spicant, 226
se pada vulgatum,
246
Osmunda regalis, 226
Phegopteris Dryopteris,
226, 234
Polypodium Dryopteris,
234
vulgare, 226, 269, 284
Polystichum angulare, 226
Pieris aquilina, 226, 270
Scolopendrium vulgare,
226, 234 ,
Sea aoptenn germanica,
EqQuisETacEz—
quisatum arvense, 226
limosum, 226
palustre, 226
sylvaticum, 226
Lycopopiacex—
Lycopodium alpinum, 226
clavatum, 226
Selago, 226
SELAGINELLACER—
dane ae selaginoides,
INDICES,
Isopracez—
Isoetes lacustis, 226
Musct, 265 | :
Amblystegium filicinum,
266
fluviatile, 266, 287
serpens, 266
Anectangium compac-
tum, 265
Aulacomnium palustre,
265
Barbula revoluta, 265
rigidula. 265
rubella, 265
ungiculata, 265
Bartramia ithyphylla, 265
Blindia acuta, 101
Brachythecium populeum,
266
| purum, 266
; rutabulum, 266
| Breutelia arcuata, 102
Tyum caespiticum, 265
capillare, 265
Duvalii, 218, 305
pallens, 218
roseum, 257, 265
|
Camptothecium sericeum,
266
Campylopus atrovirens, |
265 |
flexuosus, 265 |
fragilis, 101, 265
Catharinea, 186
Ceratodon purpureus, 265
Cinclidotus fontinaloides, |
265, 281 .
Climacium dendroides, 266 |
Dichodontium pellucidum,
101, 265 |
Dicranella heteromalla, 265
Schreberi v. elata, 108
Dicranoweisia cirrata, 265
Dicranum scoparium, 101,
265
=-00
Ditrichum homomallum,
01, 265
Encalypta streptocarpa,
265
Eurhynchium confertum,
266
myosuroides, 266
myurum, 266
piliferum, 266
prelongumn, 266
rusciforme, 266
striatum, 266
eames adiantoides, 102
By)
bryoides, 265
taxifolius, 265 _ ’
Fontinalis _ antipyretica.
266 | z
Funaria hygrometrica, 265
Grimmia apocarpa, 265
V. rivularis, 265
maritima, 102 |
333
Musct, continued—_ _
abate Notarisii, 266,
28]
Hedwigia ciliata, 265 :
Heterocladium _heterop-
terum, 266 i
Hylocomium brevirostre,
266
loreum, 145
splendens, 266
Squarrosum, 266
triquetrum, 266
Hyocomium flagellare, 266
Hypnum callichroum, 266
commutatum. 266
cordifolium, 266
crista-castrensis, 145, 287
cupressiforme, 266
v. filiforme, 266
v. resupinatum, 266
cuspidatum, 266
eugyrium. 266
exannulatum. 102, 266
gZiganteum, 266
molluscum. 266
Patientiae, 266
riparium, 266
Schreberl, 242. 266
uncinatum, 266
Leskea polycarpa, 266
Leucobryum glaucum, 265
Mnium affine v. elatum, 265
cuspidatum, 266
hornum, 266
punctatum, 266
rostratum, 266
serratum, 266
undulatum, 266
Neckera complanata, 266,
284
pumila, 107, 145, 266
Orthothecium rufescens,
266
Orthotrichum affine, 265
leiocarpum, 265
Lyellii, 265
stramineum, 265
Plagiothecium denticula-
tum, 266
elegans, 266
undwatum, 266
Polytrichacez, 186
Polytrichum, 186, 187, 305
aloides, 265
alpinum, 187
commune, 186, 187, 265
formosum, 265
juniperinum, 187, 265
piliferum, 187, 265
urnigerum, 187, 265
bear alse gracile, 107,
6
Pterygophyllum Tucens,
266
Ptychomitrium polyphyl-
Tum, 265 polyphy
334
Musctr, continued—
Rhacomitrium aciculare,
265
fasciculare, 265
heterostichum, 265
protensum, 265
Sphagnum imbricatum,
S92
ato :
Swartzia montana, 102
Tetraphis pellucida, 265
Thuidium tamariscinum,
266
Tortula leevipila, 87, 265
muralis, 265
ruraliformis, $7
ruralis, 265
Ulota Bruchii, 265
erispa, 265 "
phyllantha, 265
Webera elongata, 265
polymorpha, 269
Weisia curvirostris, 265
viridula, 265
Zygodon Mougeotii, 102,
265
viridissimus, 87, 265
Heparice, 266
Aplozia erenwlata, 267
Calypogeia trichomanis,
267
Conocephalus conicus, 266,
97
270
Diplophyllum albicans,
271
Frullania Tamarisci, 267
Lejeunia cavifolia, 267
Lepidozia Pearsoni, 267
Madotheca _platyphyla,
267
Metzgeria conjugata, 267
furcata, 266
hamata, 267
Pellia epiphylla, 267
Saccogyna viticulosa, 267
Funai, 87, 96, 267, 292
Actinonema rose, 121, 271
Ae 95, 96, 120, 267.
26;
elatinum, 92, 110
grossulariz, 96
urtice, 95
Agaricus cristatus, 111
echinatus, 111
rachodes, 111
Amanita pantherina, 146
Armillaria mucida, 144
Ascobolus furfuraceus, 270
vinosus, 239
Funer, continued—
s
Ascomyces potentille, 121,
269
Tosquinetii, 269
Asterina veronice, 96, 270
Asteroma Dp runelle, 271
See mesenterica,
29
Belonidium pruinosum,
97
270
Botrvospheria dothidea, |
271 ;
at
Botrytis, 151
Douglassi, 152
galanthina, 152
peonie, 152
parasitica, 152
Bremia lactucee. 120
Bulgaria polymorpha, 269 |
‘eeoma mereurialis, 269
Calloria fusarioides, 96,269,
Cantharellus tubzefornis, |
252
peseoanon mercurialis, |
273 t |
Ceuthospora phacidioides.
272
Chameota, 111
Chlorosplenium zrugino-
sum, 270
Ciboria luteovirescens, 259)
Claudopus variabilis, 144
Clitocybe clavipes, 145
metachroa, 145
odora, 146
Coleosporium campanule,
269
euphrasiz, 121. 269
tussilaginis, 121, 269
Collybia tuberosa, 144
Colpoma quereinum, 269
Coniothecium amentacea-
yum, 275
ConiothyriumBoydeanum,
240, 272
Coprinus plicatilis, 257
Cordyceps militaris, 270
Cortinarius paleaceus, 146
sanguineus, 144
Coryne sarcoides, 270
Coryneum disciforme, 272
Oyathicula coronata, 239
Cylindrocolla urtice, 96,
275
Cystopus candidus, 120, |
267
Darluea filum, 121, 271
Diaporthe pulla, 271
Diatrype disciformis, 271
Se verruciformis,
Dichena quercina, 269
Didymaria Ungeri, 272
Dinemasporiumherbarum,
272
Discomycetes, 149
Bee Batschianum,
TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
Funet, continued—
Entyloma Fergussoni, 267
Henningsianum, 145
microsporum, 267
ranuneuli. 267
Trailii, 145
Ephelina prunelle, 259,
269
Epidochium arabicus, 151
Erysiphe cichoracearum,
97
Martii, 270
Flammula sapinea, 252
Fumago vagans. 275
Fusicladium pirinum, 273
Geopyxis coccinea, 299
Glceosporium fagi, 272
paradoxum, 272
Gnomonia petiolicola, 271
Grandinia granulosa, 242
Helotium marchantize v.
conocephali, 270
Helvella macropus, 270
Heterospheria patella, 269
Hormiscium — pithyophi-
Jum, 273
Humaria granulata, 270 ~
Hygrophorus caly ptraefor-
mis, 239
Hymenomycetes. 146
Hyphomycetes, 150, 151
Hypocrea rufa, 270
Hypoxylon fuscum, 271
Tnocybe, 111
calamistrata, 146
Godeyi, 146
hystrix, 145
lanuginosa. 145
Lachnea seutellata, 270
Lactarius, 87
pallidus, 259
torminosus, 252,
Leestadia faginea, 271
Lentinus cochleatus, 144
lepideus, 111
Leotia Iubrica, 270
Lepiota, 111
Leptosphzeria acuta, 96,271
agnita, 96, 271
Leptothyrium alneum, 272
Lophodermium juniper-
inum, 121, 269
Marssonia pop uli, 239
Massaria inquinans, 271
Melampsora betulina, 121,
268
cerastii, 96
circeene, 269
hypericorum, 268
lini, 121
pustulata, 121
tremulz, 143.
Melanconium bicolor, 121,
272
Ee
Funat, continued—
Melasmia acerina, 272
unctata, 272
Milesia polypodii, 269
Minas phalloides, 2%
Mollisia atrata, 96
digitalina, 270
mercurialis, 270
petiolaris, 270
rubi, 270
Monilia, 150, 151
fructigena, 152
Mucedinee, 151
Mycena capillaris, 239,
252
filopes, 145
pterigena, 144, 239
Neematelia nucleata, 146
Nectria cinnabarina, 270
coccinea, 270
Nolanea pisciodora, 252
Oidium, 150, 151, 153
ery: siphoides, 2 272
leucoconium, 272
monilioides, 121
Omphalia fibula, 252
sar gi acuminatus,
27
Orbilia marina, 145, 255,
Otidea leporina, 270, 287
Ovularia bistorte, 272
obliqua, 272
sphieroidea, 239
veronice, 272
Peronospora alta, 120,
267
calotheca, 267
ficarie, 95, 267
gr isea, 267
urtice, 120
vicize, 120
Phleospora aceris, 272
Pholiota spectabilis, 252
Phoma acuta, 271
pulla, 271
a ial fragariastri,
26
rubi-idei, 143
subcorticatum, 268
Phycomycetes, 303
Phyllachora graminis, 271
junci, 271
trifolii, 271
Plasmopara nivea, 267
pygmea, 267
Pleurotus dryinus, 239
mitis, 252
porrigens, 144, 252
Podosphera oxyacanthe,
96, 121, 270
Polyporus squamosus, 244.
257
Polystictus abietinus, 242
radiatus, 242
Polystigma rubrum, 121
Polythrincium trifolii, 273
Poria sanguinolenta, 239
Funct, continued—
INDICES.
Protomyces bellidis, 95, 96
macrosporus, 95; S120;
267
pachydermus, 144, 267
Protomycetes, 303
Psaliota, 111
Pseudopeziza
263, 269
calthee, 269
ranunculi, 144
repanda, 269
trifolii, 144 /
Pseudophacidium = eal-
lune, 240, 269
}
alismatis, |
Puccinia aegopodii, 268
albescens, 95
arenarie, 268
Baryi, 121, 268
bunii, 96, 268
buxi, 143
ealthee, 120
caricis, 95
centaures, 121, 268
chrysosplenii. 121, 143
Fergussoni, 121
galii, 120
glomerata, 268
lapsanz, 268
menthe, 268
oblongata. 121, 268
obtegens, 268
pimpinelle, 95
poarum, 120, 268
primul, 96, 120
rubigo-vera, 96, 120,
268
sanicule, 268
suaveolens, 121 |
taraxaci, 268
umbiliel,; 255, 268
valantiz. 121, 268
violee, 95, 120, 268
Pyrenomycetes, 270
Ramularia ajuge, 143,
272
ealcea, 143, 272
epilobii, 2 td }
variabilis, 272 |
mbo peers filicinus,
a7
Rhytisma acerinum, 269
Russula, 87
Sclerotinia, 151
baccarum, 149, 150, 151,
155, 255, 270, 303
bulborum, 151
Candolleana. 152
Curreyana, 152
Douglassi, 152
Durizeana, 151
filipes, 152
fructigena, 152
galanthina, 152
megalospora, 153
oxyeocci, 153 |
peoniz, 152
parasitica, 152
sclerotiorum, 152
trifoliorum, 152
tuberosa, 152
urnula, 153
335
Funael, continued—
ae eee 149, 150, 151,
durum, 151
roseum, 152
Septoria hydrocoty les, 121
podagrariz, 272
stachydis, 272
stellarize. 272
urtice. PA, 272
Solenia anomala, 252
Sphacelia ambiens, 151
Spherella polypodii, 144
rumicis, 121, 271
vaccinil, 271
Spheerobolus stellatus, 252
Spinellus fusiger, 267
Ee nN ease
Stecia ilicis, 96, 269
Stictis stellata, 255, 269
Stigmatea Robertiani, 271
Stilbum tomentosum, 273
Synchytrium aureum, 145
mereurialis, 267
succise, 267
taraxaci, 267
Tapesia fusca, 270
Telamonia, 146
Thelephora anthocephala,
252
Tilletia decipiens, 100, 120,
267
Torula ovalispora, 239
Tremellodon gelatinosum,
144
Trichia, 273
Trichoderma lignorum,272
be ang resplendens,
52
Trichothecium roseum, 272
Triphragmium ulmariz,
96, 268
Trochila craterium, 96, 269
lauro-cerasi, 269
Tubercularia vulgaris, 121,
273
Urediner, 306
Uredo, 96, 120, 121, 145, 267,
268, 269
oblongata, 271
Urocystis anemones, 267
Uromyces alchemille, 96,
120, 268
ficarie, 95, 268
geranil, 268
limonii, 120, 145, 267
pow, 268
polygoni, 120, 267
rumicis, 120, 268
scillarum, 268
trifolii, 120
Ustilaginez, 303
Ustilago avenz, 120
lon gissima. 267
Ustulina vulgaris, 271
Venturia myrtilli, 271
Vibrissea Guernisaci, 270
truncorum, 270
Xylaria Hypoxylon, 271
336 TRANSACTIONS, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF GLASGOW.
LicHENEs—
Beomyces rufus, 95, 96
Evernia furfuracea, 95
Lobaria pulmonaria, 243
Auc®, 5, 102, 277
Ahnfeltia plicata, 294
sina pate nodosum,
269
ALG», continued—
Batrachospermum monili- |
forme, 257
Delesseria, 28 ;
Desmidium Swartzii 305
Draparnaldia glomerata, |
Dis
257
plumosa, 257
- Ectocarpus, 5
Fucus vesiculosus, 145
ALGm, continued—
Microthamnion Kiitzingi-
anum, 305
CEdogonium, 102
Spiroteenia condensata, 305
Tetraspora gelatinosa, 257
Zygnema stellinum. 102
PRESENTED
29 SER 1911
Ries. Ati ae ON ee mi
a THEN .
PUBLICATIONS OF THE NAT (
PRocEEDINGS— = — yea :
Wisk.) ide een) a , . , 1859-68. (out of pri
» » » 2 ). } 1868-69, (Out of print.)
Vol. 411: Part 1. ; 1869-71. Poise: 3/6.
” ” 9) De = pp- 1871-75. FF) he
This Part contains Titles oe Contents for Vols. T, and IT. >
Vol. III. Part I. 100 p 1875-76. 3
a gee Ton D. 128 Or 2 Plates. 1876-77. °, Of,
” ” 3. 192 pp- 1 1877-78. ” » 3/6.
Vol IV Tala Part khan! fon Contents for Val. 1e78 79) ie
ol. 5 : d/9-/9. to
« a oe eS 21S pp: 2 1879.80." ee
This Part contains Title and Contents for Vol. IV. i
Vole) Vis Part 1. 154 pp. 2 Plates, 1880-81. 55 ee
ae - eh ee 100 bP. le Oe 1881-82; ina tan
» ” 3. 71 y 1882-83;. 33 on
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INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS, Vols. I. to V. 2 - 1851-83. eed
PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS (New Series)—
Vol. 1h Part 1. 136 pp. : - 1883-84. PAS RCE
iy > eg 169 pp. 3 Plates. 1884-85. ,, 4/6.
¥ . eich 220 pp. 3 1885-86. .,, 5/6.
; This Part contains Title and Index for Vol. I.
Wok. ET Part 1. 182 pp. 2 Plates. 1886-87. ., 4/6.
Hi ‘3 2. 272 pp. Toe? 1887-88. ,, 6).
This Part contains Title and Index for Vol. II.
Vol. III. Part 1: 112 pp. 1 Plate. 1888-89, sont aie
35 op savin 108 pp. LEE 1889-90. Pei |
2 ee ae 190 pp. : = 1889-92. ° Mb nd {6
This Part contains Title and Index for Vol. LIT.
Vol. IV. Part 1. 158 pp. 1 Plate. 1892-94. eels
eeaay ys 2, 148 pp. 2 Plates. 1894-95. ,, 4/.
ie Pe. 140 pp. 3 4, JAES95-96: “ome
This Part contains Title and Index for Vol. IV.
-Vol. V. Part 1. 151 pp. 1 Plate. 1896-97. ,, 4/6.
‘ as nes 165 pp. 7 Plates, 1897-98. Mappa |
2”? +B) LE 3. 194 pp. 4 29 1898-99. ”? 5/.
This Part contains ‘litle and Index for Vol. V.
Vol. VI. Part 1. 180 pp. =.=)” AIBGOSTSNO, Fae eee
By (2: 2 as 116 pp. 1 Chart. 1900-1901. ,, 4/.
Ms 39 ash ros 90 pp. 4 Plates. 1901-1902. ,,° 4/.
3 ds Indices, &c. 34 pp. - . - : Crameperin? WV.
Vol. VII; Part 1. 120 pp. 2 Plates: 1902-1903. ,, 4/.
Ms Te 108 pp. 255. 1908-1902 > on aie
2» » » oF 114 pp. Gis 1904-1905. ,, 4/.
' This Part contains Title, Contents. and Index for Vol. VII.
Vol. VIII. Part 1. 114 pp. 1 Plate. 1905-1906. ,, 3).
* S 2. 236 pp. 27S \ \1906-1008z2) wy aanaemle
This Part contains Title, Contents, and Index for Vol. VIII.
THe Guascow Naturauist. Vol. I. 153 pp. 1908-1909. (Ou of print.)
rf nF a ee ME 156 pp. 1909-1910. Price 5/.
Tue Fauna or ScoTLAND, with special reference to Clydesdale and the :
Western District :
Mammalia. By E. R, Alston, F.Z.S., F.LS., - ~ .Priee 1/6.
Crustacea—Part I. Ostracoda. By David natibrtsoins F.LS., F.G.S.,
Price 1/6.
Hymenoptera—Part I. By Peter Cameron, F.E.S., - - as Ve.
> ” Il. ” bE) a ¥ 1 6.
THE Ducarop AND ScHIZOPOD CRUSTACEA OF ‘THE Fux ov CLyDx. By
J. R. Henderson, M.B., F.L.S., - -, \ Bricev2/,
A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A CATALOGUE OF THE "AMPHIPODA. AND
TsopopA OF THE FIRTH OF seme By David Robertson, F.L.S.,
F.G.8., - - - - - Price 3/6.
A FuRTHER CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A CaraLocur oF THH AMPHIPODA
AND IsopopA OF THE FirTH oF CLypr AND West or Scoruanp. By
David Robertson, F.L.8., F.G.8., — - - - - Price 1/6.
A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A Nzvroprerous Fauna oF IrgLanp. By
James J. F. X. King, F.E.S., — - - - - - Price 1/6.
A CATALOGUE OF THE BRITISA TuNTHREDINIDZ, By Peter Cameron,
E.E.S., - - - - - . - . Price 1/,
Printed on one side of the paper, for the use of “Collectors.
Tue Fauna AND FLora oF THE CLlypE AREA, with Lists. Compiled for
the Meeting of the British Association, Glasgow, September, 1901. 2/.
Copies of any of the above may be had from the Hon. Librarian, Mr.
Yr
Jamers MivcHey, 14 Knowe ‘Terrace, Pollokshields, Glasgowe: Wels iis e
y
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