Transactions of the Society for British Entomology

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

OF THE

Museum of Comparative Zoology

l%n,

3D

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VOL. 14

PART 8

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

SOCIETY FOR BRITISH
ENTOMOLOGY

World List abbreviation : Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent.

CONTENTS.

Kevan, D. Keith McE.

A Revised Summary of the Known Distribution of British

Orthopteroids.

Date of Publication, 29th April 1961.

Copies may be purchased from the Publications Secretary,
Department of Entomology, The Museum, Manchester 13

Price 10s. post free

Published for the Society
by the British Trust for Entomology Ltd.

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TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY

GENERAL

A New Chapter in Zoological
Nomenclature : The Reforms

INSTITUTED BY THE THIRTEENTH

International Congress of Zoo¬
logy, Paris, July, 1948. By F.
Hemming, 1950. 8 pp., Is. 6d.

The Problem of stability in
Specific Nomenclature, with
special reference to cases where

TYPE MATERIAL IS NO LONGER IN

existence. By F. Hemming,
1951. 16 pp., 2s. Od.

Some adaptations of insects to
environments that are altern¬
ately DRY AND FLOODED, WITH
SOME NOTES ON THE HABITS OF THE

Stratiomyidae. By H. E. Hinton,
1953. 20 pp., 3 figs., 5s. Od.

The terms “Larva” and “Nymph”
in Entomology. A summary of
the views of W. E. China, H.
Henson, B. M. Hobby, H. E.
Hinton, T. T. Macan, 0. W.
Richards, T. Southwood, and
V. B. Wigglesworth, followed by
a review of The Terminology of
Juvenile Phases of Insects by
R. G. Davies, 1958. 10s. Od.

ENTOMOLOGICAL FAUNA OF
THE NEW FOREST SERIES

Introduction by J. Cowley, and
Part 1, Odonata, by Lt.-Col. F.
C. Fraser, 1950. 12 pp., Is. 6d.

Part 2, Neuroptera, by Lt.-Col.
F. C. Fraser, 1951. 12 pp.,

Is. 6d.

EPHEMEROPTERA

Descriptions of some Nymphs of
the British Species of the
Genus Ba'etis. By T. T. Macan,
1950. 24 pp., 6 figs., 2 tables,

3s. Od.

A Description of the Nymph of
Ba'etis buceratus with notes and

A KEY TO OTHER SPECIES IN THE

genus. By T. T. Macan, 1957.
8 pp., 3s. 6d.

The Life Histories and Migra¬
tions of the Ephemeroptera in
a stony stream. By T. T. Macan,
1957. 28 pp., 12s. 6d.

ORTHOPTERA, Etc.

A Summary of the Recorded Dis¬
tribution of British Orthop-
teroids. By D. K. McE. Kevan,
1952. 16 pp., 5s. Od.

HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA

Contributions towards an Ecolo¬
gical Survey of the Aquatic
and Semi-Aquatic Hemiptera-
heteroptera of the British
Isles.

Scottish Highlands and East
and South England. By E. S.
Brown, 1948. 45 pp., 7s. 6d.

The Ribble Valley (Lanca¬
shire South and Mid). By E. J.
Popham, 1949. 44 pp., 1 map,

8s. Od.

North-East Wales (Denbigh¬
shire and Merionethshire). By
E. J. Popham, 1951. 12 pp.,

2s. 6d.

The Hemiptera-Heteroptera of
Kent. By A. M. Massee, 1954.
36 pp., 7s. 6d.

The Bionomics and Immature
Stages of the Thistle Lace
Bugs ( Tingis ampliata H.S. and
T. cardui L. ; Hem., Tingidae).
By T. R. E. Southwood and
G. G. E. Scudder. 8s. Od.

COLEOPTERA

The Aquatic Coleoptera of North
Wales. By E. S. Brown, 1948.
15 pp., 1 fig., Is. Od.

The Aquatic Coleoptera of Wood
Walton Fen, with some com¬
parisons with Wicken Fen and

SOME OTHER EAST ANGLIAN FeNS.

By F. Balfour-Browne, 1951.
36 pp., 4s. 6d.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY
FOR BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY

VOL. 14

APRIL 1961

PART VIII

A Revised Summary of the Known Distribution of

British Orthopteroids

By D. Keith McE. Kevan

(Professor of Entomology, McGill University, Macdonald College

P.O., Que., Canada)

A few years ago the author published a summary of the known
distribution of British Orthopteroids (Kevan, 1952) based upon
records published up to that date in the Entomologist’s Monthly
Magazine , The Entomologist, The Entomologists’ Record and
other journals, and in the appropriate parts of the Victoria County
Histories and various local lists, etc. Much information was also
obtained by reference to the works of Lucas (1920) and Burr
(1936) and from earlier publications devoted to the study of
British Orthopteroids. Previously unrecorded vice-county
records were also included.

Since the original Summary was published, a considerable in¬
terest in orthopteroid orders has developed1. Many additional
records have been published and several corrections made ; these
have been brought together from time to time in a number of
supplements (Kevan, 1953; 1953a; 1954; 1956). A revised
summary is now presented in order that the present general
picture can be seen without cross-reference to a number of
publications. Several new or interesting records, both original
and published, which have added to our knowledge of distribu¬
tion since the last supplement (Kevan, 1956), are included. The
vice-county system of recording has again been followed, in spite
of the drawbacks (such as lack of ecological considerations)
inherent in this system, partly for the sake of uniformity and
partly because the Orthopteroids are still scarcely well enough
known for any other general method to be adopted. An explana¬
tion of the vice-county numbers used will be found in the original
Summary. Little attempt has been made to indicate where
changing environment may have rendered some species extinct,
or nearly so, in certain vice-counties. Indeed it might be unwise
to do this in view of the fact that species sometimes turn up after
long intervals, as in the case of Decticus verrucivorus. The
indication of such changes is more the concern of individual

Hn spite of the not uncommon, but regrettable views regarding the
interest attached to the study of British Orthopteroids (quoted
by An Old Moth Hunter, 1959) which still seem to prevail among
collectors of the old school.

188 [April

county lists and of papers dealing with individual species than
it is of a general summary such as the present.

As with the original Summary, in addition to native insects,
those listed herein include alien species which have bred, or are
believed to have bred at least temporarily (even under artificial
conditions), in the British Isles and the Channel Islands. Casual
visitors which have been imported (for example, with fruit or
vegetables), or which have immigrated of their own accord (for
example, certain species of locust), have been omitted, except
where there is evidence of their progeny having survived for at
least a short time.

Since the last supplement was published (Kevan, 1956), two
local lists have appeared, namely for Wiltshire (Kevan, 1957) and
for the London area (Payne, 1958a). Attention should also be
drawn to the fairly recent publication of a revised edition of the
Royal Entomological Society of London’s Handbook on the orders
concerned (Hincks, 1956) — since this is very much more up-to-
date in matters of nomenclature and distribution than its
predecessor (Hincks, 1949) — and to the valuable contribution on
the immature stages of Devonshire Tettigonioids recently pub¬
lished by Richards (1958). This latter includes a key to nymphs.

As in the past, I am much indebted to various friends and
acquaintances for many of the new records given below. Where
no other indication is given, the records are my own. Species
marked with an asterisk are aliens.

Order DICTYOPTERA
Suborder BLATTODEA

Fam. BLATTIDAE
Subfam. BLATTINAE

*Periplaneta australasiae (Fabr.), Australian Cockroach.
England: 1, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 21, 23, 25, 29, 33, 34, 54, 56, 57.
59, 60, 63, 64, 67; Wales: 41; Scotland: 76, 83, 87; Ireland: 21,
39. It is difficult to assess which records represent breeding
colonies, but since this is a not uncommon species in large glass¬
houses, the majority probably do so. Records for England, 25,
33, 34, 54 and 67, however, seem to refer to casual specimens only.
Brett (1957) records recent crop damage under glass (specimens
collected by Ministry of Agriculture inspectors), but localities are
not given.

*Periplaneta americana (L.), American Cockroach. England :
1-3, 6, 11, 15-18, 21, 27-29, 33-35, 39, 56, 57, 59-61, 63, 64, 70?;
Wales: 41; Scotland: 76, 77, 83; Ireland: 21, 39; Channel Is.
(Guernsey). Most of the records probably refer to breeding
colonies since the species is (or was) common at sea-ports, in large
glasshouses and in some coal mines. The previous inclusion of
England 62 in the recorded distribution seems to be erroneous;
v.c. 70 may refer to the previous species and v.c. 27, 28, 33 and 34

189

1961]

are probably casual records only. Jefferson (1958) has recently
recorded an interesting white-eyed mutant form from a deep coal¬
mine in Glamorgan (v.c. 41).

*Blatta orientalis L., Oriental Cockroach. England: recorded
(at least by inference) from every vice-county except 5, 24, 26,
31, 36 and probably 68; Wales: 41, 49; Scotland: 72-77, 82-86,
90, 92, 99, 1111; Ireland: 21, 34, 35, 37; Isle of Man; Channel Is.
(Jersey, Guernsey). The species is recorded from the Scilly Is.;
records from England 7 and 8 (Wiltshire N. and S.) are recent
(Kevan, 1957); those from Scotland 73 and 74 are new (Kircud-
brightshire, Newton Stewart, in a shop, 9.viii.l957, 1 9 ; Wigtown¬
shire, Stranraer, in a bakery, 13.viii.1951, 19).

Fam. BLABERIDAE
Subfam. EPILAMPRINAE

[*Nauphoeta cinerea (01.), Grey Cockroach. England: 17
or 21 (London). Temporarily established under glass? ]

*Pycnoscelus surinamensis (L.), Surinam Cockroach. Eng¬
land: 11, 13, 17, 18, 23, 59, 64; Scotland: 77, 83.

It is difficult to assess how many of the records of this species
refer to established colonies, past or present, but many of them
certainly do so. The species is not uncommon in some large,
tropical glasshouses. The most recent records are of specimens
under glass collected by Ministry of Agriculture inspectors,
localities not given (Brett, 1957), and from a municipal con¬
servatory in northern England, presumably S. Lancashire (Good-
liffe, 1958).

Fam. PSEUDOMOPIDAE
Subfam. PSEUDOMOPINAE

*Blattella germanica (L.)1, German Cockroach. England: 1,
3, 4, 7-17, 19, 21-23, 25, 27-29, 32, 34, 38, 39, 41-60, 62-64, 66-67,
70; Wales: 41; Scotland: 76, 77, 83, 93, 94; Ireland: 19, 21, 37-
39; Channel Is. (Guernsey). England, 7 and 8 (Wiltshire, N. and
S.) are recent records (Kevan, 1957); Northumberland N. (v.c.
68) is also probable but requires confirmation.

[ *Supella supellectilium (Serv.), Brown-banded Cockroach.
England: 3. Temporarily established indoors?]

‘Has also been found in the Faroes (and in Iceland) — see Tuxen (1938).
'The name transfug a (Briinn.) has priority. An application by Dr. K.
Princis and myself to the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature made some years ago has still not received attention.
Unfortunately, this name does not fall as a result of the new
Statute of Limitations since this is not retroactive and the name
transfuga has been used by Ander (1945; 1953).

190

[April

Subfam. ECTOBIINAE

Ectobius ( Ectobius ) lapponicus lapponicus (L.), Dusky Cock¬
roach. England: 2-4, 7-14, 17, 18, 24, 32; Channel Is. (Jersey;
possibly from Guernsey and Alderney — see below). V.c.s 7 and 8
(Wiltshire N. and S.) are recent records (Kevan, 1957). Ab. blairi
Kevan occurs in Dorset (v.c. 9) but its further distribution is
unknown (see Kevan, 1953b).

Ectobius ( Ectobius ) pallidus pallidus (01.), Tawny Cockroach.
England: 1-4, 9, 11, 13-17, 21, 22, 28; Wales: 41; Channel Is.
(Guernsey, Alderney). The Channel Island records need confirma¬
tion and may refer to the last species (see Kevan, 1954).

Ectobius ( Ectobius ) panzeri Steph., Lesser Cockroach. Eng¬
land (mainly coastal) : 1 (incl. Scilly Is.), 2-4 (incl. Lundy), 6
(Steepholm only), 9-11, 13-15, 17-19, 25, 27?, 28; Wales: 44, 45,
52; Channel Is. (Guernsey, Alderney). An erroneous record of
the species from West Kent (v.c. 16) has recently been corrected
by Payne (1958a). Ab. nigripes Steph. has been recorded for
England from v.c.’s 1-3, 9-11 and from Essex (?N., v.c. 19), and
from Wales for v.c. 45.

Order EMBIOPTERA
Fam. OLIGOTOMIDAE

[*Oligotoma michaeli McLach., Michael’s Web-spinner. Eng¬
land: 21 (London). Temporarily established under glass only.]

Order PHASMATODEA

Fam. LONCHODIDAE
Subfam. CLITUMNINAE

* Acanthoxyla prasina (Westw.), Prickly Stick-insect. Eng¬
land: 1 (Scilly Is.), 3 (Paignton). Well established outdoors.

Subfam. LONCHODINAE

*Clitarchus hookeri (White)1, Smooth Stick-insect. England:
1 (Scilly Is.). Established outdoors.

*Carausius morosus Brunner2, Laboratory Stick-insect. Eng¬
land: 3 (Torquay), 17 (Kew). An “escape” under glass.

1Previously recorded under tlie name lueviusculus Stal, but see Salmon
(1955) who uses the name hookeri, apparently in anticipation of
his revision of the genus referred to by Uvarov (1950) when the
latter first recorded the species from the Scilly Is.

2This is the species that many physiologists persist in referring to as
Dixippus.

191

1961 J

Order ORTHOPTERA (, s.str .) [SALTATORIA]
Suborder ENSIFERA
Superfam. GRYLLACRIDOIDEA
Fam. RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE
Subfam. RHAPHIDOPHORINAE

*Tachycines asynamorus Adel., Greenhouse Camel-cricket.
England: 6, 14, 17, 18, 21, 25, 26, 29, 55, 58; Wales: 41; Scot¬
land: 72, 75, 77, 83. Under glass.

l*Dolichopoda bormansi Brunner, De Borman’s Camel-cricket.
England: 17 (Kew, under glass). It is doubtful if this species
ever became established.]

Superfam. TETTIGONIOIDEA
Fam. MECONEMATIDAE

Meconema thalassinum (DeGeer), Oak Bush-cricket. England:
1-30, 32-34, 37-40, 54, 56, 59, 63, 70; Wales: 41, 45, 46, 48;
Ireland: 8; Channel Is. (Jersey). The record for Cardigan (v.c.
46) is recent (Ryle, 1959). The early Scottish records (v.c.’s 83
and 90) are too unreliable to be taken seriously (see footnote,
p. 195).

[*Phlugiolopsis henry i Zeuner, Henry’s Bush-cricket. Eng¬
land: 17 (Kew). I have no evidence that this glasshouse species
is still to be found.]

Fam. TETTIGONIIDAE
Subfam. TETTIGONIINAE

Tettigonia viridissima L., Great Green Bush-cricket. England :
1 (incl. Scilly Is.), 2-6, 8-29, 31-35, 38?, 55-57, 64?, 68?, 70?;
Wales: 41, 45; Channel Is. (Jersey, Guernsey). The records
from the north of England need confirmation, that from York¬
shire gives no precise locality; the ancient Scottish record (v.c.
90) is too unreliable to be taken seriously (see footnote, p. 195).
Professor L. A. Harvey (in litt., 1956) confirms that T. viridissima
is not uncommon throughout the Scilly Is., especially on Tresco.

Subfam. DECTICINAE

Decticus verrucivoms (L.), Wart-biter Bush-cricket. England:
9, 11, 14-16. It is interesting to note that this species has again
been found in the Corfe Castle locality Dorset (v.c. 9) by Mr. B.
C. Pickard and Dr. D. R. Ragge (8.viii.l956 ; personal communica¬
tion from Dr. Ragge). The species has long been extinct in West
Kent (v.c. 16); Payne (1958a) does not refer to the early
Rochester record, but cf. Lucas (1920). The brown ab. bingleyi
(Curtis) is recorded from v.c.’s 9 and 11, but presumably occurs
wherever the species is found.

192

[April

Pholidoptera griseoaptera (DeGeer), Dark Busli-cricket.
England: 1-38, 53, 54, 56-58, 62; Wales: 41, 44, 45; Channel Is.
(Jersey). The recent record from v.c. 62 (N.E. Yorkshire, Robin
Hood’s Bay) is by far the furthest north for the species
(McDermott, 1957). Unfortunately, the specimen (a male) was
not preserved, but Miss McDermott (in litt ., 1957) assures me
that there was no mistake in identification, since she is quite
familiar with the species further south. Ryle (1959) reports an
interesting greenish colour variation from Monmouthshire (v.c.
35).

Platycleis ( Platycleis ) denticulata denticulata (Panz.), Grey
Bush-cricket. England: 1 (incl. Scilly Is.), 2-4, 9-11, 13-16, 18,
19, 38; Wales : 41, 45, 49. The record for the Scilly Is. appears
to be new (Bryher, ix.1956, Id, 39 ; L. A. Harvey)’, all belong to
a small local race comparable in size and in shortness of the
tegmina with the next subspecies, but the ovipositor of the
females is like that of subsp. denticulata. This species is very
prone to local variation (see Ander, 1949). Size does not appear
to be a good criterion for separating this subspecies from the next,
since female specimens of subsp. jerseyana from Mill Brook, Jersey
(l.ix.1955, C. E. Taylor) are of a size comparable with that of
mainland denticulata ; they differ principally in the shape of
the ovipositor.

Platycleis ( Platycleis ) denticulata jerseyana Zeuner, Jersey
Bush-cricket. Channel Is. (Jersey, Guernsey, Sark, Herm). The
new record for Herm comes from Miss Vere Temple (in litt., 1957)
who took it there (and at Moulin Huet Bay, Guernsey) in Sep¬
tember 1956.

Metrioptera ( Metrioptera ) brachyptera (L.), Bog Bush-cricket.
England: 1-3, 6-9, 11-17, 22, 24, 27-30, 38-40, 54, 57, 58, 60-64,
70; Wales: 41, 46, 49, 50 (detached part of Flint only); Scot¬
land: 72. The records for Wiltshire (v.c.’s 8 and 9) and Cardigan
(v.c. 46) are recent (Kevan, 1957 ; Ryle, 1959); that for Warwick¬
shire (v.c. 38) is new (near Stonebridge, viii.1957, 1 d, 1 9, from
a colony, G. Linder — Mr. F. Fincher, in litt., 1958). Mr. P. F.
Baker (in litt., 1957) informs me that the species has again been
taken near Woodhall Spa, N. Lincolnshire (v.c. 54) after an inter¬
val of 16 years. Form marginata (Thunb.) is known from England
3, 17 and 22. The publication of the record for Berkshire is
fairly recent; Swain (1956) indicates that the specimen (taken
in 1941) is the only known British macropterous male. In this
he appears to be correct, although his statement is presumptuous,
since the sex of the specimens referred to by myself (Kevan, 1953)
was not given. Professor L. A. Harvey, who is responsible for
this latter record, however, informs me (in litt., 1957) that he
believes all were females, although some of the specimens have
now been mislaid. The most recent record (for S. Devon — see
Richards, 1958) is also of a female.

193

1961]

Metrioptera ( Roesseliana ) roesseli (Hagen), Roessel’s Bush-
cricket. England: 10, 15-19, 21?, 25, 29, 54, 61. Mainly coastal.
The record for Middlesex (v.c. 21) is very dubious, being based
only on Stephen’s early record from Hampstead ( ? ), cited by
Lucas (1920) and referred to by Payne (1958a). This record was
overlooked in the original Summary. Mr. P. F. Baker {in litt.,
1957) records the species again for Lincolnshire N. (v.c. 54) after
an interval of 20 years (Scot Grove and Wood Bardney, 1957).
This is only the second record since the single one in 1888, so
that the species may yet be rediscovered in Cambridgeshire (v.c.
29) and will doubtless turn up in Lincolnshire S. (v.c. 53), although
there appears to be no record from the latter. The macropterous
f. diluta (Charp.) is now known from England 17-19 and 25.

Fam. CON OCEPH ALID AE
Subfam. CON OCEPH ALIN AE

Conocephalus ( Xiphidion ) discolor (Thunb.), Long-winged
Cone-head. England: 9, 10, 13-15; Channel Is. (Jersey). Coastal
in England. Pickard (1956) has recently recorded this species
from localities linking those previously known for Dorset.

Conocephalus {Xiphidion) dorsalis (Latr.), Short- winged Cone-
head. England: 3, 4, 6, 9-11, 13-19, 25-30, 53, 61; Wales: 41,
46, 48, 52. Mainly coastal. The records for Cardigan and
Anglesey (v.c.’s 46 and 52) are recent (Ryle, 1959). The occur¬
rence in Lincolnshire S. (v.c. 53) is a new record (Leverton, near
Frampton, feeding on Senecio jacobaeae L., 19.ix.1951. — Mr. P. F.
Baker, in litt., 1957). The macropterous f. burri Ebner is known
from England, 16, 19, 25 and 27.

Fam. PHANEROPTERIDAE
Subfam. PHANEROPTERINAE

Phaneroptera falcata (Poda), Sickle-bearing Bush-cricket.
England: 1, 9? Only a single specimen and a dubious sight
record, but, in view of the rarity with which some species of
Orthoptera are taken, it is not justifiable to discard these records.

\* Phaneroptera nana nana Fieber, Dwarf Bush-cricket1. Eng¬
land: 58. Temporarily established in a vinery (cf. Lucas, 1920)].

Leptophyes punctatissima (Bose.), Speckled Bush-cricket.
England: 1-4 (inch Lundy), 5-31, 33-36, 53, 54, 56, 63; Wales:
41, 46, 48, 49; Scotland: 74; Ireland: 1, 5, 21; Isle of Man;
Channel Is. (Jersey). Cardigan (v.c. 46) is a recent record (Ryle,
1959). Ireland, 3 and 4, have not been confirmed (see Kevan,
1956). For Lincolnshire, this species was last recorded in 1950
from Kirkby-la-Thorpe, but Mr. P. F. Baker {in litt., 1957) states
that neither he, nor his father, Mr. F. C. Baker, who have made a

Previously recorded as Ph. quadripunctata Brlinner (Four-spot Bush-
cricket), but see Ragge (1956) for synonymy.

194

[April

special search for the species have discovered it in the county.
Mr. Baker is of the opinion that it must only occur in very small
localised colonies.

Fam. GRYLLIDAE

Subfam. GRYLLINAE

Gryllus campestris L., Field Cricket. England: 1, 2, 3?, 4,
8? or 9, 10-14, 18?, 26?, 27, 28, 38?, 39, 53, 57?; Channel Is.
(Jersey). The early records from Scotland, 83 and 90, are too
unreliable to be taken seriously (see footnote, p. 195). Nearly all
recent records are from the south of England and even there the
species is much scarcer than in former times — see Pickard (1956a)
and Ragge (1956a). It is not known whether the species is known
from Wiltshire S. (v.c. 8) or from Dorset (v.c. 9) ; it is not recorded
from both (see Kevan, 1956).

*Acheta domesticus (L.), House Cricket. England: recorded
or inferred from every vice-county except 24, 31, 35, 36, 40 and
69; Wales: 41, 48, 49; Scotland: 72-77, 83, 90; Ireland: 1, 27,
33, 34; Isle of Man; Channel Is. (Jersey, Guernsey). The records
for Wiltshire (v.c.’s 7 and 8) are recent (Kevan, 1957); those for
Scotland, 73, 74 and 75 are new (Kirkcudbrightshire, Newton
Stewart, in house, 12.viii.1957, 1 S ; Wigtownshire, Stranraer, in
a bakery, 13.viii.1957, 1 $ ; Ayrshire, Prestwick, in an hotel,
21.viii.1958, observed but not captured). The record for Scotland,
74, given in the original Summary was an error for 72.

*Gryllodes sigillatus (Walker), Tropical House-cricket. Eng¬
land : 17 (Kew, under glass). It is not known whether this colony
is still in existence; the species is a common adventive.

Subfam. NEMO BIIN AE

Nemobius sylvestris (Bose.), Wood Cricket. England: 1?, 3,

8- 11, 37?; Channel Is. (Jersey). V.c. 57 (Derbyshire) has also
been cited, but scarcely seems probable.

Fam. MOGOPLISTIDAE

Mogoplistes squamiger Fisch., Scaly Cricket. England : 9
(shore, under stones).

Fam. GRYLLOTALPIDAE

Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L ., Mole Cricket. England: 1-4, 7,

9- 14, i6-19, 22, 23, 27-30, 34, 38, 39, 54, 57, 59; Wales: 41, 44, 45;
Scotland: 76, 90?, 99; Ireland: 40; Channel Is. (Jersey, Guern¬
sey). Because of its burrowing habits, it is very difficult to assess
how near to extinction this species is in some of its former haunts ;
certainly it is very rarely encountered nowadays except in the
south of England, where it is less rare than has been supposed
and where it may even be injurious to plants (see Ragge, 1955),

195

1961]

and in the Channel Is. Whether it ever bred as far north as Angus
(v.c. 90), as the ancient record suggests, is doubtful1, although
it was evidently quite widespread in former times and has occa¬
sionally been recorded from the west of Scotland. The brachyp-
terous f. cophta (de Haan) has once been recorded from W. Corn¬
wall (v.c. 1); how reliably is uncertain.

Suborder CAELIFERA
Superfam. TETRIGOIDEA

Fam. TETRIGIDAE
Subfam. TETRIGINAE

Tetrix ceperoi (Bol.). Cepero’s Ground-hopper. England: 1,
2, 4, 9-11, 15, ?29; Wales: 41; Channel Is. (Jersey, Guernsey). It
is conceivable that records from certain other vice-counties may
refer to this species (see below).

Tetrix subulata (L.), Slender Ground-hopper. England: 2-11,
12?, 13, 14?, 15-24, 25?, 26-31, 33?, 37, 53?, 54; Wales: 41;
Ireland: 8?, 17; Channel Is. (Jersey). V.c.’s England 12, 14, 25
and 33, and Ireland 8 are included on the strength of records
published before T. ceperoi was recognised as British (see Kevan,
1952, for further comments). Guernsey remains unconfirmed.
The records from Lincolnshire S. and N. (v.c.’s 53 and 54) are
new — Can Dyke, near Potter Hanworth, vii.1957, nymphs only;
and near Langworth, Barlings Gravel Pits, 25.iv.1953, a flourish¬
ing colony kept under observation since this date (Mr. P. F.
Baker, in litt.f 1957). Mr. Baker notes that this colony, the most
northerly known in Britain, is separated from others of the
species by many miles; it contains all gradations of form to the
short f. bifasciata (Herbst.). This form is the now known from
England 9, 20, 23, 24, 28, 29, 31 and 54; Wales 41 ; and Ireland 17.
The typical form is not yet recorded from Wales or Ireland.

Tetrix undulata (Sowerb.). Common Ground-hopper. Eng¬
land: every vice-county except 35 and 68; Wales: 41, 43-45,
47-49, 52; Scotland: 72-75, 85, 87-90, 95-102, 105, 106?, 107,
108?, 109-111; Ireland: 1, 3, 12, 16, 22, 27, 37; Isle of Man;
Channel Is. (Jersey). The record for Wiltshire S. (v.c. 8) is recent
(Kevan, 1957), as are those for Carmarthen (v.c. 44), Caernarvon

’Burr (1936) gives Don (1813) the benefit of the doubt regarding the
occurrence of this and other species in Angus, but it seems likely
that, except where he made comments, Don merely listed every
species alleged to occur in Scotland at the time (repeating, also,
misidentifications), implying that <they all occurred in Angus
whether he knew that they did so or not. His list, like that of
C. Stewart before him, included such unlikely insects as Gryllus
r Oedipoda'] caerulescens and G. [ Psophus ] stridulus. It is, there¬
fore, impossible to confirm or deny his record for the mole cricket.

196

[April

(v.c. 49), and Anglesey (v.c. 52) (Ryle, 1959)1; those for Mont¬
gomery (v.c. 47) and Wigtownshire (v.c. 74) are new — Llanidloes,
x.1956, 19 nymph (C. A. Colling wood)', near Mochrum Loch,
10.viii.1957, 1 9. The species has not been recorded from Derby¬
shire (v.c. 57) for many years, so it may be of interest to note
that it was taken on the Society for British Entomology’s field
excursion to Chee Dale, 28.vii.1957 — 1 6 (G. C. Varley). Form
macroptera Haij is known only from Scotland 96.

Superfam. ACRIDOIDEA

Fam. ACRIDIDAE

Subfam. ACRIDINAE

Tribe OEDIPODINI

Locusta migratoria L. Locust. Channel Is. (Jersey). I
include this species solely because immigrants on one occasion are
known to have laid eggs which hatched and produced nymphs (see
Uvarov, 1949). There appears to be little likelihood that these
could have reached sexual maturity. Both this subspecies and
L. m. migratoria L. occasionally stray to the British Isles.]

Oedipoda caerulescens , aff. subsp. armoricana Sellier, Blue¬
winged Grasshopper. Channel Is. (Jersey, Guernsey). There is
also a single old record of Oe. caerulescens from High Town, St.
Mary, in the Scilly Is., but this may be open to doubt. Prof. L.
A. Harvey (in litt., 1957) states that although he has made a
preliminary, and somewhat cursory, search for the species, he has
not succeeded in finding it in any of the islands he has visited.

Stethophyma grossum (L.)1, Large Marsh Grasshopper. Eng¬
land: 2, 6, 9, 11, 17? (extinct), 21? (extinct), 22, 25?, 27-29, 31;
Ireland: 1-3, 16, 21, 27. The species is possibly extinct in v.c.’s,
England 25 (dubious in any event), 29 and 31 and in Ireland 21.
Payne (1958a) suggests that the old record from “the marshes
close to London” might refer either to the south bank of the
Thames (v.c. 17) or to the north (v.c. 21).

Tribe TRUXALINI

Stenobothrus ( Stenobothrus ) lineatus (Panz.), subsp.?, Stripe-
winged, or Lined, Grasshopper. England: 1-4, 7-17, 20, 22-24,
27-30, 33, 34, 36. The records for Wiltshire N. (v.c. 7), Bucking¬
hamshire (v.c. 24) and Norfolk W. (v.c. 28) are recent (Kevan,

1Ryle also records the species as new for Merioneth (v.c. 48), but it has
previously been recorded thence ( Ent . mon. Mag., 63: 259).

1This species is most frequently referred to as Mecostethus grossus , hut
the generic name is more properly applied to species usually placed
in the genus Parapleurus — see Roberts (1941) for discussion of
these names.

197

1961]

1957; Buck, 1958; Payne, 1958; 1959). The suggestion (Kevan,
1952) that the species may have been known previously from
Buckinghamshire was not confined ( cf . George, 1955a).

Omocestus rufipes (Zett.), Woodland Grasshopper. England:
1, 4, 5?, 6-9, 11-17, 18-19?, 20, 22-26, 29, 30, 33, 34; Wales: 44.
The former more northerly records of this species must be re¬
jected and several of those remaining may be open to question
(Pickard, 1956); the Essex record is particularly doubtful (see
Kevan, 1956). The record for Wiltshire N. (v.c. 7) is recent and
the occurrence of the species in Wiltshire S. (v.c. 8) has been
confirmed (Kevan, 1957).

Omocestus viridulus (L.), Common Green Grasshopper. Eng¬
land: every vice-county except 35; Wales: every vice-county
except 43 (recorded from Skokholm) ; Scotland : every vice-county
except 93?, 94, 105, 107, 109, 112; Ireland: 2, 3, 8, 16, 20-23,
27 (inc. Achill I.), 30-34, 37 ; Isle of Man. Wiltshire S. (v.c. 8) has
recently been confirmed (Kevan, 1957); Carmarthen (v.c. 44) and
Cardigan (v.c. 46) are recent records (Byle, 1959); Ebudes Mid
(v.c. 103) and Kirkcudbrightshire (v.c. 73) are new. The former
record is from the Isle of Tiree, Reef, in pitfall traps, “machair”
ground, grazed, 1957, 4 dd, 3 9 9,1 nymph; ungrazed (airfield):
5 dd, 4 9 9, 1 nymph (all J. Morton Boyd); there are several
records from the latter, viz., Glen Trool, 9.viii.l957, 1 d, 1 9
(P. G. & S. M. Kevan); lower slopes of Bennan above Loch Trool,
1 1 .viii. 1959, many d d and 9 9 ; Loch Ochiltree, 12.viii.1957, 1 9 ;
Newton Stewart, 15.viii.1957, 1 9 ; Glen Trool, heights above
Caldons, Mulbdonnach summit, c. 1700 ft., Ctirley Wee summit,
c. 2,212 ft., Nick of the Lochans on Curley Wee, 16.viii.1957, many
d d and 9 9 ; Woodhall Loch and near Holland Island, 18. viii.
1957, several d d and 9 9 ; by Loch Ken (east shore, half way
along), 18.viii.1957, 1 9 ; Glen Trool, Gaerland Burn, 21.viii.1957,
1 d, 1 9. Since records from S.W. Scotland are very few, the
following may also be noted — Wigtownshire (v.c. 74): coast near
Auchenmalg, 10.viii.1957, 1 d, 1 9 ( M . K. Kevan); Mochrum
Loch. Fell Loch and Loch Hempton, 10.viii.1957, several dd and
9 9 (P. G., M. K., & S. M. Kevan); near Glen Luce, 10.viii.1957,

1 9: near Fort William, 10.viii.1957, Id ; Berhaskine and Chal-
lochglass Moors above Castle Loch, and Whitfield Loch, 10. viii.
1957, manv d d and 9 9 ; Central Galloway Peninsula, Marklan
Hill, 13.viii.1957. 1 9 ; Kevan’s Burn, Whithorn, and I. of Whit¬
horn, 15.viii.1957, several 9 9 ; Burrow Head, 18.viii.1957, 1 9 ;
Mull of Galloway, 17. viii. 1957. 1 9; South Ayrshire: near Barr-
hill, 12.viii.1957, 1 9; West Loch Doon, 20.viii.1957, 1 d, 1 9.
Other recent Scottish records (not new) are from Stirlingshire (v.c.
86): Aberfovle road, south of River Forth, 16.ix.1957, 2 dd,

2 9 9 ( H . M. Whitmore) ; Perthshire (v.c. 87): Aberfovle, 16. ix-
1957, 2 dd, 2 9 9 ( H . M. Whitmore). Records from the Isle of
Man are scarce; the following are of insects caught on aphid
stickv-traps : Upper Garth, 24.vi.1957, 1 d; Knockaloe, coastal

198

[April

slope, 29.vii.1957, 1 d. Records from Derbyshire (v.c. 57) are
also few, so that it might be worth recording that several males,
female and nymphs were taken in Chee Dale on the occasion of
the Society for British Entomology’s excursion, 28.vii.1957.
Burton (1959) gives recent records for the little-worked counties
of Brecon (v.c. 42) and Hereford (v.c. 36); he notes that those
from the former were of the same bright green form as noted
previously by Burr (1936). I have not seen any of these speci¬
mens, but it seems unlikely that they would be in any way
peculiar; many Scottish specimens from humid localities appear
to be considerably brighter in colour than those from eastern and
southern England.

Myrmeleotettix macvlatus (Thunb.), Mottled Grasshopper.
England: every vice-county; Wales: every vice-county except 43
and 51; Scotland: 72-75, 77-90, 92, 93?, 94-96, 99, 102, 104, 105,
107?, 108. 109, 110; Ireland: 3, 16, 20; Isle of Man. The record
for Wiltshire N. (v.c. 7) is recent (Kevan, 1957); those for Kirk¬
cudbrightshire (v.c. 73) and Wester Ross (v.c. 105) are new — Glen
Trool, heights above Caldons, 16.viii.1957, 1 9 ; Strome, vi.1956,
1 9 ( C . A. Collingwood). Records from S.W. Scotland are very
few so that it might be worth noting a recent record from Wig¬
townshire (v.c. 74): Mochrum Loch, 10.viii.1957, 1 d (S. M.
Kevan), and one from S. Ayrshire: Loch Dornal, 12.viii.1957, 1 9.
It is also worth noting that although this species was recorded in
1872 from the Scilly Is. (c/. Lucas, 1920), Prof. L. A. Harvey (in
litt., 1956; 1957) informs me that he has been unable to discover
it on any of the islands he has visited; Chorthippus brunneus
(Thunb.) is, however, very common although it does not appear
to have been recorded so far. There may thus be a case of mis¬
taken identity.

Gomphoceripus rufus (L.), Rufous Grasshopper. England :
1-4, 6, 9, 11, 13-17, 22, 23, 33, 34; Wales: 41.

Chorthippus ( Glyptobothrus ) vagans (Eversin.), Heath Grass¬
hopper. England: 9, 11; Channel Is. (Jersey). The range of this
species has not yet been extended, but Pickard (1956) records it
from between two previously known Dorset localities.

Chorthippus ( Glyptobothrus ) brunneus brunneus (Thunb.),
Common Field Grasshopper. England: every vice-county (incl.
Scilly Is. and Lundy) ; Wales : every vice-county except 43 and
51 (occurs on Skokholm) ; Scotland: 72-83, 85, 89, 90, 96, 98-101;
Ireland: 1-4, 6-8, 10, 20, 21, 26, 27, 31; Isle of Man; Channel Is.
(Jersey, Guernsey, Sark, Herm). The records for Scotland, 73,
75 and 77-80, are new — Kirkcudbrightshire: Loch Ochiltree,
12.viii.1957, 1 d ; Glen Trool, heights above Caldons, slopes of
Mulbdonnach, and Curley Wee, 16.viii.1957, many d d and 9 9;
Woodhall Loch and near Holland Island, 18.viii.1957, 2 9 9; S.
Ayrshire: moors near Corwar, 12.viii.1957, 1 d, Loch Doon,
20.viii.1957, 1 9 ; S. Lanarkshire: near Elvanfoot, 22.viii.1957,

199

1961]

1 9; Peeblesshire: near West Linton, 22.viii.1957, 1 6 ; Selkirk¬
shire: near Galashiels, 27.viii.1957, 1 9; Roxburghshire: near
Jedburgh, 9.ix.l956, 1 6, 1 9. Records for southern Scotland
seem to be very scarce so that it may be worth noting the
following further occurrences of the species in Wigtownshire (v.c.
74): coast near Auchenmalg, 10.viii.1957, 2 9 9 (P. G. Kevan );
Mochrum Loch, Fell Loch and Loch Hempton, 10.viii.1957,
several 6 6 and 9 9 (P. G., M. K., & S. M. Kevan ) ; near Glen
Luce, 10.viii.1957, 1 9 ; near Fort William, 10.viii.1957, 1 9 ;
Whitfield Loch, 10.viii.1957, 1 9 ; S. Galloway Peninsula, east
coast, Auchleach, between Drummore and Sand Head, 17.viii.1957,

2 9 9; Port Logan, 17.viii.1957, 1 9.

As noted under Myrmeleotettix maculatus (above), this species
does not seem to have been previously recorded from the Scilly
Is. (although it has been from the mainland part of v.c. 1).
Prof. L. A. Harvey (in litt., 1956) states that it was almost
ubiquitous from sand-dunes to moor and grassland in September
1956; he again notes (in litt., 1957) that it was very common on
St. Mary’s, Tresco, St. Agnes and St. Martin’s in September 1957.
Miss Vere Temple (in litt., 1957) gives the new Channel Is. record
for Herm, ix.1956; she says that the species is represented there
by a dwarf form, which she also found at St. Martin’s Point,
Guernsey. (Fairly small Ch. brunneus occurred everywhere
within 2-3 miles of Moulin Huet Bay.) Burton (1959) notes what
he conjectures to be an example of “industrial melanism” in this
species at Woolwich (v.c. 16), but I would hazard a guess that
the dark forms mentioned by him are not genetically determined
(as they would be in a case of true industrial melanism), but are
comparable with other dark Acrididae such as are found in areas
where grass-burning has occurred (cf. Poulton, 1926; Burr, 1928;
1929; Burtt, 1951).

[Chorthippus ( Glyptobothrus ) mollis mollis (Charp.), Feeble or
Sand Grasshopper. Channel Is. (Jersey). Very dubious; records
probably refer to abnormal, small Ch. brunneus — see Pickard
(1955) and reference to Herm specimens above.]

Chorthippus (Chorthippus) parallelus parallelus (Zett.)1,
Meadow Grasshopper. England: every vice-county; Wales:
every vice-county except 43 and 51; Scotland: 72-75, 77-90, 92,
93?, 94, 96-100, 102, 104; Channel Is. (Jersey). The following
Scottish vice-county records are new : — Kirkcudbrightshire (v.c.
73): Bennan, above Loch Trool, up to 1,780 feet, ll.viii.1957,
numerous 6 6 and 9 9 (including some very dark and brightly
coloured specimens) ; Glen Trool, heights above Caldons,

irThe earlier name longicornis (Latr.) is probably applicable to this
species, but, since this is uncertain, Zettestedt’s name is to be
preferred to Latreille’s which should be rejected as a nomen
dn biurn (see Kevan, 1952).

200

[April

Mulbdonnach, to summit, c. 1,700 ft., Curley Wee, to near summit,
2,212 ft., and Nick o’ the Lochans on Curley Wee, 16.viii.1957,
numerous d d and 9 9 ; Glen Trool, Roman Bridge area, 19.viii.
1957, 1 d, 1 9 ; Glen Trool, Gaerland Bum, Loch Valley and
Loch Nederick, 21.viii.1957, numerous dd and 9 9. Wigtown¬
shire (v.c. 74): coast near Auchenmalg, 10.viii.1957, 1 9 ( P . G.
Kevan ); Mochrum Loch, Fell Loch and Loch Hempton, lO.viii.
1957, several dd and 9 9 ( P . G M. K., 6c S. M. Kevan) ;
Barhaskine and Challochglass Moors above Castle Loch and
Whitfield Loch, lO.viii. 1957, several d d and 9 9 ; Kevan’s
Burn, Whithorn and Isle of Whithorn, 15.viii.1957, several d d
and 9 9 ; Burrow Head, 15.viii.1957, 1 9 ; S. Galloway Peninsula,
Ardwell Burn, 17.viii.1957, 1 9. S. Ayrshire (v.c. 75): Loch
Mayberry, Loch Dornal and near Drumlamford Loch, 12.viii.1957,
several 9 9 ; moors near Corwar, 12.viii.1957, 1 9 ; W. Loch Doon,
20.viii.1957, 1 9. Stirlingshire (v.c. 86) : Aberfoyle road just south
of River Forth, 17. ix. 1957, 1 d, 2 9 9 (H.M. Whitmore). Records
from the Western Highlands are rare, so that it may also be
worth recording the species again from Westemess (v.c. 97),
Ardnamurchan, about 2 miles W. of Glen Borrowdale, lO.viii. 1957,
5 9 9, 1 nymph ( D. K. Kevan, snr.), and W. Sutherland (v.c.
108), Stoer, 27.viii.1957, 1 small 9 ( H . B. N. Hynes). Reference
to Orthoptera from Hereford are also scarce ; Burton (1959) gives
a recent record of this species from the Welsh border.

The macropterous f. exylicatus (Selys) is now known from the
following vice-counties: — England: 2, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 22-24, 33,
34, 36, 63; Wales: 46. 49; Scotland: 83. The record for Hereford
(v.c. 36) (Cradley-West Malvern, viii.1935, 1 9, in British

Museum) and for Caernarvon (v.c. 49) (foot of Llanbedrog Head¬
land, 8.ix.l954, 1 small 9, not fully macropterous) are new. The
British Museum collection contains several specimens, some of
which have been previously recorded, as follows : — E. Cornwall
(v.c. 2): Looe, ix.1922, 1 9 {G. C. Chapman) [the earliest British
record] ; Surrey (v.c. 17) : Colley Hill, no date, 1 9 ( B . F. A.
Sivynnerton)1 ; Berkshire (v.c. 22): Boar’s Hill, no date, 2 99
(B. F. A. Swynnerton); Oxfordshire (v.c. 23): Shabbington, near
Thame, no date, 2 dd, 4 9 9 (B. F. A. Swynnerton ); Bucking¬
hamshire (v.c. 24): Oakley, no date, 2 dd, 4 9 9 (B. F. A.
Sivynnerton ); Gloucester W. (v.c. 34): Chalford, 22.viii.1941, 1 9
(F. W. Niven); Bichfield area, 16. viii.1938, 1 9 (F. W. Niven)1.
Other records from Colley Hill, Boar’s Hill (as “Bow’s” Hill),
Shabbington and Oakley are given by George (1955a).

Chorthippus (Chorthippus) alhomarqinatus albomarginatus
(DeGeer), Lesser Marsh Grasshopper. England: 1-3, 6, 8-19,
21-29, 31, 37, 53, 54, 58-61; Wales: 49; Ireland: ?. The record

’British Museum labels on Swynnerton’s specimens bear the date 1955,
but this is not the date of capture.

’cf. “Brickfields” record quoted by George (1955).

201

1961]

for Wiltshire (v.c. 8) is recent (Kevan, 1957). Inland records are
less common than coastal ones; Payne (1959) notes another such
from West Suffolk (v.c. 26).

Euchorthippus elegantulus Zeuner", Jersey Grasshopper.
Channel Is. (Jersey).

Order DERMAPTERA
Suborder FORFICULIN A

Superfam. LABIDUROIDEA
Fam. LABIDURIDAE

Subfam. LABIDURINAE

Labidura riparia (Pallas), Tawny or Giant Earwig. England :
9, 10?, 11, 15? This species was called the Great Earwig by C.
W. Dale and the Great Shore Earwig by Lucas. It has not been
seen wild for many years and may have become extinct. In¬
dividuals are occasionally imported in ballast, etc., but these may
usually be recognised by their darker colour.

Subfam. CARCINOPHORINAE

[* Anisolabis ( Anisolabis ) maritima (Bonelli), Maritime Ear¬
wig. England : 39, 66. Seems to be extinct as a breeding species
although a common adventive.]

* Anisolabis ( Euborellia ) annulipes (Lucas), Ring-legged Ear¬
wig. England: 1, 3, 15, 17, 21, 34, 39 (extinct), 58; Scotland:
77. Often introduced, this species may not have bred in all the
vice-counties listed, but it probably has done so.

Superfam. FORFICULOIDEA
Fam. LABIIDAE

Sub. fam. LABIINAE

*Marava arachidis (Yersin), Bone-house Earwig. England:
15, 21, 34, 58, 63. Often found as an adventive. It is not known
in how many localities breeding colonies exist, but the species
probably became established, at least temporarily, in all the
vice-counties cited.

\ * Labia curvicauda (Motsch.), Curve-tailed Earwig. England:
62 (York only, now extinct). This species is not infrequently
imported, but never seems to have become established, even in
the York glasshouse where it appears to have survived for a
while. ]

2Possibly a subspecies of E. declivus (Bris.), but until this is properly
investigated it is preferable to recognize elegantulus as distinct.

202

[April

Labia minor (L.), Lesser Earwig. England: every vice-county
except 24, 32, 40, 67; Wales: 41, 45, 49; Scotland: 72, 76, 82,
83, 85, 90-92, 93? ; Ireland: 1, 3, 11, 12, 20, 21, 34, 36, 37; Isle of
Man; Channel Is. (Guernsey). The records for Wiltshire (v.c.’s 7
and 8) are recent (Kevan, 1957).

Fam. FORFICULIDAE
Subfam. FORFICULINAE

Apterygida albipennis (Megerle in Charp.), Short-winged or
Apterous Earwig. England: 15, 16, 17?, 18, 19, 25-27, 29. The
record for Surrey is recent ; it requires confirmation (see Payne,
1958a).

Forficula ( Forficula ) lesnei Finot, Lesne’s Earwig. England:
1 (incl. Scilly Is.), 2-4, 6 (Steepholm only), 7-19, 22, 23. Wiltshire
N. (v.c. 7) has only recently been confirmed (Kevan, 1957).

Forficula (Forficula) auricularia L., Common Earwig. So
ubiquitous that it would be pointless, even if it were possible,
to list those vice counties from which it has never been recorded.
I have personally observed it at one time or another in almost
every vice-county on the mainland of Great Britain, with the
exception of Suffolk, Hereford, Monmouth, the southern half of
Wales, Caithness, Sutherland E. and Banff. I have also taken
it in the northern and southern Ebudes (Eigg, Islay and
Colonsay). It is known or recorded from all island groups in¬
cluding several of the Scilly Isles, Lundy, Hilbre I., Skokholm,
Anglesey, the Isle of Man, the Clyde islands, Inner and Outer
Hebrides (even St. Kilda), Orkney and Shetland (even Fair Isle)
[also the Faroes1], the Isle of May and the Bass Rock, the Fame
Islands, Brownsea Is., the Isle of Wight and almost all of the
Channel Islands. The only published records for Scotland of
which I am aware are for v.c.’s 74-76, 82 (incl. Isle of May and
Bass Rock), 83, 84, 90, 92, 96, 98-100 (these, with 75 and 76,
only as Clyde, common everywhere), 101, 104 (Eigg, Canna,
Sanday, Skye), 110 (N. and S. Uist, Barra, St. Kilda), 112 (Fair
I., Lunna). For Ireland there only appear to be definite records
for v.c.’s 1, 16, 17, 21, 22, 27 (Clare I.), 35 (Gt. Aran and Tory Is.).

The macrolabic f. forcipata Steph. is recorded from the follow¬
ing: — England: 1 (incl. Scilly Is.), 3, 5-11, 15-17, 20, 21, 23, 25,
26, 29, 37, 54, 59, 60, 62, 65-67; Scotland: 72-75, 77-80, 83, 92,
110 (St. Kilda); Isle of Man; Channel Is. (Libou and Chapelle
Dom Hue). The records for Wiltshire (v.c.’s 7 and 8) are recent
(Kevan, 1957), as are those for Yorkshire N.E. (v.c. 62) (Payne,
1956) and Lincolnshire N. (v.c. 54 (Baker, 1957); those for Hert¬
fordshire (v.c. 20) and Surrey (v.c. 17) were omitted previously
by myself (references in Payne, 1958a). The following, for what

1Lucas (1920) states that it is absent from Iceland, but it occurs there
indoors (see Tuxen, 1938).

203

1961]

they are worth, are new: — England: N.W. Yorkshire (v.c. 65),
near Scotch Corner, 8.viii.l957, 1 d ; Durham (v.c. 66), Langdon
Beck, 8.viii.l957, 1 d ; Northumberland S., (v.c. 72), near Slaggy-
ford, 8.viii.l957, 1 d. Scotland: Dumfriesshire (v.c. 72), near
Gretna Green, 8.viii.l957, 1 d ; Kirkcudbrightshire (v.c. 73), near
Newton Stewart, 14.viii.1957, 1 d ; Wigtownshire (v.c. 74), Gallo¬
way Peninsula, east coast, 17.viii.1957, 1 d ; S. Ayrshire (v.c.
75), Loch Mayberry, 12.viii.1957, 2 dd; S. Lanarkshire (v.c. 77),
near Elvanfoot, 22.viii.1957, 1 d ; Peeblesshire (v.c. 78), near
West Linton, 22.viii.1957, 1 d ; Selkirkshire (v.c. 79), near Gala¬
shiels, 27.viii.1957, 1 d ; Roxburghshire (v.c. 80), near Jedburgh,
9.ix.l956, 1 d ; Midlothian, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, 7.ix.l956,
1 d. Isle of Man: Knockaloe, 29.vii.1957, 1 d. Many of these
specimens (single representative individuals taken from among
more normal material) are not so strongly macrolabic as others.

In conclusion I should like to commend two recent British
studies on this common, but rather neglected insect. The first
is a more detailed investigation of the life-history under Scottish
conditions than has previously been published (Behura, 1956);
the second is an interesting report on behaviour and variation
in a restricted area (Baker, 1957).

References

An Old Moth Hunter [Allan, P. B. M.]. 1959. The passing of the

Lamp. Ent. Bee., 71 : 69-50.

Ander, K. 1945. Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae. V. Orthoptera.
Opusc. ent., 10: 127-134.

Ander, K. 1949. Rassenbildung und Variabilitat bei der Skandin-
avischen Flatycleis denticulata Panz. (Salt. Tettig.). Fork.

K. fisiogr . Stilish. Lund., 19 (3): 1-24.

Ander, K. 1953. Catalogus Insectorum Sueciae. V. Orthoptera
[ contd .] (Dermaptera, Blattoidea, Saltatoria). Opusc. ent.,
18: 88.

Baker, P. F. 1957. Population Studies of the Common Earwig
( Forficula auricularia Linn.) at Lincoln. Trans. Lines. Nat.
Un.} 14: 94-99.

Behura, B. K. 1956. The biology of the European Earwig, Forficula
auricularia Linn. Ann. Zool., Agra, 1 : 117-142.

Brett, G. A. 1957. [Exhibit of living specimens of adults and nymphs
of Periplaneta australasiae F. and Fycnoscelus survnaanensis

L. (Blattidae)]. Froc. B. ent. Soc. Lond. (C), 22: 25-26.

Buck, F. D. (Ed.). 1958. The South London Entomological and

Natural History Society: August 8th, 1957. Ent. mon. Mag.,
93 (1957); xlviii.

Burr, M. 1928. Field Notes from Angola, IX. Ent. Bee., 40:
124-129.

Burr, M. 1929. Idem. XIV. The Quangu [1]. Ibid., 41 : 118-122.
Burr, M. 1936. British Grasshoppers and their Allies, a Stimulus to
their Study. London: xvi + 160 + 2 pp., 6 pi.

204 [April

Burton, J. F. 1959. Notes on Orthoptera for 1958 from Breconshire,
Kent and Oxfordshire. Ent. liec., 71 : 76-77.

Burtt, E. [!).). 1951. The ability of adult grasshoppers to change

colour on burnt ground. Froc. It. ent. Hoc. Lond. (A), 26 :
45-48, pi. 1.

Don, [G-.J. 1813. Appendix B. Account of the Native Plants in the

County of Forfar, and the Animals to be found there, in
Headrick, J., General View of the Agriculture of the County
of Angus , or Forfarshire: with observations on the means of
its improvement , drawn up for the consideration of the Board
of Agriculture , and internal Improvement , Edinburgh:
Appendices, 11-59.

Georue, R. S. 1955. Synopsis of the information available concern¬
ing Dictyoptera, Ortlioptera and Dermaptera in Gloucester¬
shire. Froc. Cottesw. Nat. Fid. Cl., 31 (1953) : 196-205.
George, R. S. 1955a. Some records of Acrididae (Orthoptera) from
the MSS. of the late E. J. Clark. Ent. Gaz., 6: 109-113.
Goodliffe, E. R. 1958. Current methods of roach control. Ann. appl.
Biol., 46: 102-105.

Hincks, W. D. 1949. Orthoptera and Dermaptera. It. ent. Soc.

Lond. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., 1 (5): 1-20.

Hincks, W. D. 1956. Idem., Ibid. (2nd edit.): 1-24.

Jefferson, G. T. 1958. A White-eyed Mutant Form of the American
Cockroach, Feriplaneta americana (L.). Nature, Lond., 182:
892.

Kevan, D. K. McE. 1952. A Summary of the Recorded Distribution
of British Orthopteroids. Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent., 11 : 165-180.
Kevan, D. K. McE. 1953. Notes on the Distribution of British

Orthopteroids. J. Soc. Brit. Ent., 4: 119-122.

Kevan, D. K. McE. 1953a. Additional Notes on the Distribution of
British Orthopteroids. Ibid., 183-185.

Kevan, D. K. McE. 1953b. The identity of Ectobius pallens Stephens,
1835 (Dictyoptera : Blattodea). Entomologist, 68: 169-171.
Kevan, D. K. McE. 1954. Further Notes on the Distribution of
British Orthopteroids. J . Soc. Brit. Ent., 5 : 65-71.

Kevan, D. K. McE. 1956. The Known Distribution of British

Orthopteroids, Fourth Supplement. Ibid., 187-192.

Kevan, D. K. McE. 1957. Wiltshire Orthopteroids. Entomologist,
90: 12-16.

Lucas, W. J. 1920. A Monograph of the British Orthoptera.
London: xii + 264 pp., 25 pi.

McDermott, C. 1957. Fholidoptera griseoaptera (DeGeer) in York¬
shire. Ent. Bee., 69: 287.

Payne, R. M. 1956. Macrolabic Forficula auricularia L. (Derm.

Forficulidae) and some Orthoptera in N.E. Yorks. Ent. mon.
Mag., 92: 383.

Payne, R. M. 1958. Stenobothrus lineatus Panz. in Hertfordshire.
Ibid., 94: 16.

Payne, R. M. 1958a. The Distribution of Grasshoppers and Allied
Insects in the London Area. Lond. Nat., 37 (1957): 102-115.

1961] 205

Payne, R. M. 1959. Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer) and other grass¬
hoppers (Orth., Acrididae) in Breckland. Ent. mon. Mag.,
95: 48.

Pickard, B. C. 1955. The status of Chorthippus mollis (Charpentier)
in Jersey, Channel Islands (Saltatoria, Acrididae). Entomo¬
logist, 88 : 137-138.

Pickard, B. C. 1956. Mogoplistes squarniger (Fisch), Conocephalus
discolor (Thun.), and Chorthippus vagans (Eversmann) (Orth.,
Saltatoria) in Dorset. Ent. mon. Mag., 92: 6.

Pickard, B. C. 1956a. Gryllus campestris L. in Britain (Orth.,
Gryllidae). Entomologist, 89: 200.

Poulton, E. B. 1926. Protective resemblances borne by certain African
insects to the blackened areas caused by grass fires. Trans,
int. ent. Kongr., Zurich, 1925, 2: 433-451, pi. 11.

Ragge, D. R. 1955. Recent Records of the Mole-Cricket from Hamp¬
shire and Surrey. Ent. Bee., 67 : 161.

Ragge, D. R. 1956. A revision of the genera Phaneroptera Serville
and Nephoptera Uvarov (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae), with con¬
clusions of zoogeographical and evolutionary interest. Proc .
zool. Soc. Lond., 127: 205-283.

Ragge, D. R. 1956a. Some notes on the Field-cricket, Gryllus cam¬
pestris L. (Orth., Gryllidae). Entomologist, 89: 300-301.

Richards, T. J. 1958. Observations on the nymphs of seven Tetti-
gonioids (Orthopt., Tettigoniidae, Meconematidae, Conoce-
phalidae, Phaneropteridae). Entomologist, 91 : 53-66.

Roberts, H. R. 1941. Nomenclature in the Orthoptera concerning
genotype designations. Trans. Amer. ent. Soc., 67 : 1-34.

Ryle, G. B. 1959. Orthoptera (Saltatoria) in Wales and Monmouth¬
shire. Ent. mon. Mag., 95: 72.

Salmon, J. T. 1955. Stick Insects. Tuatara, 5: 77-81.

Swain, H. D. 1956. [Exhibit of a macropterous male form of Metri-
optera brachyptera L. var. marginata Thunb. (Orthoptera,
Decticinae) taken in August 1941 at Wellington College, Berks.]
Proc. B. and Soc. Lond. (C), 21 : 46.

Tuxen, S. L. 1938. Orthoptera and Dermaptera. Zoology of Iceland,
3 (38) : 1-5.

Uvarov, B. P. 1949. The Migratory Locust in England in 1947 and
1948. Proc. B. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 24 : 20-25.

Uvarov, B. P. 1950. A second New Zealand stick-insect (Pkasma-
todea) established in the British Isles. Ibid. (B), 19: 174-175.

■

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LEPIDOPTERA

List of the Lepidoptera of Dorset.
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Postural Habits and Colour-
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