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TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

WILLARD GEOSVENOR BLETEE, Ph.D.

^KlAor of " Heaipa^er Wrilinfr aiid Editing," and PrqfiMor of
Jownaliitu in tie JJnivtriity of Witeimtin

BOSTON NEWTOBK OmOAGO
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY

•v" •" •••••

• ••"•_.•"" *• • ••

CAMBRIDGB . MAS8ACHUSBTTS

D . S . A

PREFACE

Tms book has been prepared with the purpose of furnishing students of
journalism and young reporters with a large collection of typical news
stories. For college classes it may be used as a textbook. For newspaper
workers it is offered as a handbook to which they may turn, in a particiUar
case, to find out what news to get, where to get it, and how to present it ef-
fectively. Every young writer on a newspaper is called upon to do kinds of
reporting in which he lacks experience. If, with the aid of an index, he can
turn readily to several instances where more experienced writers have solved
problems like his own, he will undertake his new task with a clearer idea of
what to do and how to do it.

For systematic instruction in news writing it is desirable that students
have in convenient form representative stories for study and anal3rsis. News-
papers, it might be thought, would furnish this material, but experience has
shown that it is often difficult to find, in current issues of newspapers, ex-
amples of the particular kind of story under consideration, and it is likewise
difficult to supply every student in a large class with a copy of the issue that
happens to contain the desired example.

ITie selection of specimens for this book has been determined largely by
two considerations: first, that the news which the story contains should be
typical, rather than extraordinary or "freakish"; and second, that the story-
should present the news effectively. It has been assumed that the student
must first learn to handle average news well in order to grapple successfully
with extraordinary happenings. A considerable part of the book deals with
more or less routine news, because it is with this type that a large portion of
the reporter's work is concerned.

Since newspapers are read rapidly, it has been taken for granted that a
story is most effective when its structure and style enable the reader to get
the news witb the least effort and the greatest interest. Many pieces of news
can best be treated in a simple, concise style, with the essential facts well
massed in a summary lead. Such straightforward presentation does not mean
that the style must be bald and unoriginal. The examples illustrative of this
purely informative type of news story are generally marked by a simplicity
and directness of expression that are characteristic of good journalistic
style.

430171

iv PREFACE

Infonnative news stories in which the so-called "human interest" ele-
ment has been developed have also been included in considerable number,
not only because they are perennially popular, but because some news may
be presented very effectively by bringing out its human interest phases. As
a type distinct from these stories with news of some value are those
entertaining and appealing stories, containing little or no real news, that
are generally known as "feature" or "human interest" stories. Both of
these types illustrate the application to news writing of recognized methods
ofj&ction. The use of these methods is entirely commendable. The danger for
the reporter lies in failure to discriminate between fiction and its methods.
To use the devices of fiction in order to portray faithfully actual events is one
thing; to substitute fictitious details in order to heighten the effect is quite
another. No stories have been included in this book that are unquestionably
fictitious. Some that may have imaginary details have been given to furnish
material for discussion.

The examples presented here are not put forward as models for the stu-
dent to imitate in every respect. Few news stories are perfect in structure and
style. The conditions under which they are written and edited make careful
revision almost impossible. For the purpose of analysis, work that is not so
well done as it might have been is valuable as showing the student what to
avoid in his own writing.

The stories have been grouped in chapters partly on the basis of subject
matter and partly on that of the methods used. This arrangement has been
adopted not as a complete classification of news, but rather as a convenient
grouping for purposes of study. In each chapter has been included a brief
discussion of the chief points to be considered in analyzing and in writing the
type of story in that division. None of the points has been treated at length
owing to lack of space and to the fact that most of them have been taken up
in detail by the author in another textbook, "Newspaper Writing and
Editing."

Attention has been called in each chapter to the underlying purpose that
should determine the selection and the presentation of the kind of news in-
cluded in that group. This has been done in the belief that the reporter should
consider carefully the probable effect on the reader of every story that he
writes. Since "the food of opinion is the news of the day," the kind of food
that he serves and the manner in which he serves it is a matter of consequence,
not only to him and his newspaper but to society as a whole. Not until a re-
porter realizes the influence that his news stories may have on the ideas and
ideals of thousands of readers, does he appreciate fully the significance of his

PREFACE V

work. The possibiKties of what has been tenned "constructive journalism"
have been dwelt upon at some length because it is evident that well-edited
papers are undertaking more and more to present the news so that it will have
a wholesome effect on their readers.

The selections in this book have been taken from daily newspapers in all
parts of the country and may be said to illustrate current practice. The name
of the paper has been attached to each example, not only in acknowledgment
of the credit due, but in an effort to lead the student to consider the story
from the point of view of the policy of the paper and of the character of the
readers to whom it appeals. The student should compare all of the stories
taken from each paper and should, if possible, examine the current issues.

Although it has not seemed desirable to print the examples in so small
type as that conunonly used in newspapers, the column width has been re-
tained in order to reproduce, as far as possible, the effect of the original form.
Headlines have not been given because they are not an integral part of the
story. In a few instances stories have been condensed when it was possible
to do so without destroying the effect. For obvious reasons names and ad-
dresses have frequently been changed, and errors that escaped notice have
been corrected in a number of the stories.

The author is deeply indebted to Alice Haskell Bleyer for invaluable sug-
gestions and criticism in connection with every detail of this book.

Uniybbsttt of Wisconsin, Madison,
January 20, 1916.

CONTENTS

I. News WBrnNa . , .' '^ . 1

II. The Study of News Stories . 6

An Oxttline fob the Analysis of News Stobies 12

III. FiBEs AND Accidents 15

IV. Police News and Cbime . . • • • , 46

V. Cbiminal and Civil Coubts 76

VI. InYESTIGATIONS, IiEOISLATIONy AND MEETINGS . 107

VII. Speeches, Intebviews, and Refobts 126

Vin. Exhibitions, Entebtainments, and Special Occasions • • .141

IX. Illness and Death 168

X. Politics and Elections 179

XI. Labob Tboubles and Stbikes 186

XII. Weatheb 192

Xm. Spobts 200

XIV. Society 221

XV. Miscellaneous Local News '^\ 232

Index 261

• • •

*_■•• m * ^ m

TYPES OF NEWS WEITING

CHAPTER I
NEWS WRinNa

Cont^ts of newquipers. The average daily newspaper includes a larger
amount and variety of reading matter than most readers realize. In one
issue of a large daily paper, which contains from 60,000 to 80,000 words ex-
clusive of advertising, are usually to be found examples of practically every
type of literary composition. The contents range from news of accidents and
crime to humorous and serious verse, from market reports to a short story or
a chapter of a novel, from dramatic and musical criticism to cooking recipes
and cosmetic formulas, from argumentative editorial to reports of boxing
matches and baseball games. Vivid description, spirited narrative, critical
appreciation, logical argument, lucid explanation, moving pathos, vigorous
appeals, wit and humor — all are often exemplified in a single issue of a well-
edited newspaper. Scarcely any other form of pubUcation has regularly so
great a variety of writing as the daily newspaper. Thus, although a news-
paper is ordinarily thought of solely as a medium for the publication of cur-
rent news and editorials, the average daily paper supplies its readers with
much entertaining reading matter as well as considerable advice and useful
information.

Classification of contents. Diversified as are the contents of a typical
daily paper, they may be grouped in seven classes: (1) news stories; (2)
special feature articles; (3) editorials; (4) dramatic, musical, and literary
criticism; (5) practical advice and useful information; (6) humorous matter;
(7) fiction. Of these seven classes, the first four — news stories, special feature
articles, editorials, stnd dramatic, musical, and literary criticism — are gen-
erally considered to be the distinctly journalistic types of writing.

News stories present (1) timely events of interest and significance to
readers, and (2) timely incidents of little or no news value that are made enter-
taining by the manner in which they are presented. The first is the common
type of news story; the second is usually called the "human interest" or
"feature" story. Although it is sometimes said that anything that has ever

TYPES-rdl? NEWS WRITING

•x^au

happened/s news if 4t1ifiJ^flottb€ten generally known, it is evident that events
that have' occurred in'th^ f)d&t'arb tfot worth publishing as news unless they
have a timely interest and significance. A distinction is generally made be-
tween "spot news," which is news of events when they occur, and "detail"
or "situation" material that is presented some time later in the form of
special correspondence or of special feature articles.

Special feature articles are detailed presentations of (1) matters of recent
news that are of sufficient interest to warrant elaboration, (2) timely topics
not directly connected with the news of the day, (3) subjects of interest that
are neither timely nor connected with current events. They are informative
in character and are generally of some length. They are usually published in
magazine sections of Saturday or Sunday editions, but in some papers they
appear daily.

Editorials have as their purpose the interpretation of news and of current
issues and the discussion of matters of general interest, particularly with a
view to convincing readers of the truth or the falsity of some proposition and
of persuading them to act in accordance with the convictions thus created.
In this way they differ from both news stories and special feature articles.

Dramatic, musical, and literary criticism consists of reviewing and passing
judgment on current dramatic performances, concerts, and books. To the
extent that some reviews of plays and concerts merely give informative news
concerning the event, they are like news stories, but in so far as they are
critical, they are more like editorials. Book reviews, likewise, may simply
give information regarding the contents of a book, or they may undertake to
evaluate it by pointing out its merits and defects.

Practical advice and useful information in special fields, hiunorous mat-
ter, and fiction, as given in the daily newspaper, do not differ materially
from similar matter published in other forms and cannot be considered dis-
tinctly journalistic types of writing.

How news is gathered. Since the day's news is the essential part of the
daily newspaper, the gathering, writing, and editing of news is naturally the
chief concern of journalism. From the point of view of newspaper organiza-
tion for handling news, it is divided into two general classes: (1) local news,
and (2) telegraph news. Local news, which is that of the city where the paper
is published as well as of its inmiediate vicinity, is gathered (1) by reporters
working under the direction of the city editor of the paper, and (2) by re-
porters working under the direction of the head of a local news association or
bureau, the news service of which the paper uses to supplement its own news
gathering. Telegraph news includes aJl news not local, which comes to the

NEWS WRITING

paper by telegraph, long-distance telephone, cable, or mail, whether sent by
its own correspondents or by a news association such as the Associated Press
or the United Press. The reporters and correspondents of the press associa-
tions work under practically the same conditions as the newspaper's own
correspondents, but they are responsible to the division head of the press
association, whereas the newspaper's correspondents are under the direction
of the telegraph editor or of the state editor of the paper. The work of news
gathering is not essentially different, whether done by a reporter or by a cor-
respondent in the employ of a newspaper or of a news-gathering association.

How news is written. After the reporter has obtained the news, he re-
turns to the office and writes his story as rapidly as possible, in accordance
with any instructions that the city editor may give him. If it is inexpedient
for him to return to the office, he writes his story quickly at some convenient
place and sends it to the office by messenger or by telephone. Under some
circumstances, particularly when lack of time prevents his writing the story
and sending it in, he telephones the facts to a rewrite man in the office, who
writes the story from the data thus secured. The reporter for a local news as-
sociation prepares his stories, as directed by the news editor of the associa-
tion, under practically the same conditions as the newspaper reporter.

The correspondent, after writing his story, mails it, files it at the tele-
graph office, or telephones it to the newspaper office. He, too, may telephone
the bare facts to have them written in news-«tory form by a rewrite man in
the newspaper office. The correspondent of a general news-gathering agency
handles his news in the same way except that he sends it by mail, telegraphy
or telephone to the district office of the association or agency that he repre-
sents. At this district office it is edited and sent out to those papers in vari-
ous parts of the country that use the association's service.

As news stories, whether local or telegraph, are edited before they are
printed, practically all stories as they appear in the newspaper are the work
not only of the reporter or correspondent who gathered the news, but of one
or more editors and copy-readers. Well-written stories of reporters and cor-
respondents usually undergo little change when edited. A poorly written
story, on the other hand, may be made over into a very effective one by a
rewrite man, an editor, or a copy-reader.

Conditioas affecting news writing. The structure and the style of news
stories are determined (1) by the conditions under which they are written,
(2) by the character of the readers, (S) by the conditions under which news-
papers are read, (4) by the typographical form of newspapers, and (5) by
the popular taste.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Newspaper writing must be done rapidly under considerable pressure and
generally without opportunity for careful revision. Although this haste does
not excuse incorrect and slovenly English, it does result in looser, less finished
writing than might be produced under more favorable circumstances. In
rapid writing, and particularly in handling similar material from day to day,
the writer, tmless he is on his guard, is likely to fall into the habit of using
stock phrases, trite and colorless.

The large amount of available news that must be crowded daily into
limited space makes it essential to present the news in compact form and
concise style. "Boil it down" and "Cut it to the bone" are constant ad-
monitions in every newspaper office. Conciseness is a necessary quality of
newspaper style.

The average newspaper, in order to succeed, must appeal to all classes of
readers in the community. It must present its contents in a way that will
attract and interest the so-called masses as well as the business and the pro-
fessional classes. The style of writing is generally adapted to readers of
limited education no less than to the well educated. Comparative simplicity
of expression, accordingly, is the rule in newspaper writing.

Newspapers are read rapidly by practically all classes of readers. They
must, therefore, be written in a style that makes rapid reading easy. Im-
portant details are placed at the beginning of paragraphs and sentences,
where they will catch the eye at once. The emphasis thus given by the ini-
tial position is one of the distinctive characteristics of newspaper writing. To
the most important details made prominent in this way are added the less
significant but necessary particulars, one by one, in natural order. This ar-
rangement results in a loose rather than a periodic sentence structure and
eliminates the possibility of a climactic effect in the paragraphs or in the
whole story.

The shortness of the line in the narrow column affects newspaper style
because it necessitates a proportionate shortening of the paragraph. Para-
graphs that appear long seem heavy and uninviting, especially to the rapid
reader. Since but six words on an average can be crowded into a line in news-
papers, as compared to ten or twelve in a line in most books, newspaper parar
graphs can be only half as long as those in ordinary prose without loss of
effectiveness.

The popular demand for novelty and variety prevents any form of news-
paper writing from becoming fixed, and results from tune to time in the de-
velopment of new forms and new styles of news writing. To make some news
stories entertaining rather than purely informative, a number of newspapers

NEWS WRITING

abandon the conventional summary beginning, or lead, and use uncon-
ventional ones like the beginnings of short stories. They likewise give prom-
inence to trivial happenings worked up into so-called ''human interest'' or
"feature" stories, because in that form they make entertaining reading.

Characteristics of news writing. As a result of these various conditions
and influences news writing has come to have certain well marked charac-
teristics. It must be (1) concise, (2) clear, (3) comparatively simple, (4)
easily read, and (5) attractive to all classes.

Conciseness requires that needless words be omitted, that only such de-
tails be given as are necessary for effective presentation of the subject, and
that the length of the story be proportionate to the importance of the ma-
terial. In order to be concise, however, news writing does not have to be bald
and unattractive.

Clearness is secured in journalistic style by comparative simplicity of
diction, of sentence construction, and of paragraph structure. Learned dic-
tion, daborate figures of speech, and involved sentences have no place in
news writing intended to appeal to all classes of readers.

To be attractive to the average rapid reader newspaper style must be easy
to read. It is made easy, as has been pointed out,byplacmg the unportant
points in conspicuous positions at the beginnings of sentences and para-
graphs. To satisfy the popular taste newspaper writing must also be inter-
esting in form and in style. It sometimes adopts the more or less striking
devices of fiction in order to add to its effectiveness. Furthermore, attrac-
tiveness is secured by such typographical means as the use of a frame, or
"box," and bold-face type, for facts of especial importance.

CHAPTER II

THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES

Value of study. Every good news story may be i:egarded as a solution of
a difficult problem in gathering, selecting, and weaving together a number of
details. The steps in the solution may be as carefully followed as the steps in
solving a problem in algebra or in performing an experiment in physics. As
in the analysis of such problems and experiments, so in the anal3rsis of news
stories, the ultimate purpose is to find out how to solve similar problems as
they arise in actual experience. However interesting the theories and prin-
ciples of the art of news writing may be for themselves, it is the practical
application of them in the writer's own work that gives them their value for
the student of journalism.

Aims in stud]ring news stories. The purpose in analyzing t3rpical examples
of news writing should be to discover in detail (1) how to obtain news, (2) how
to determine its value, and (3) how to present it most eflFectively. Most
stories reveal the means by which their contents were obtained and the im-
portance which the writer or editor attached to each of the details. Sources of
information and standards for evaluating material are thus shown by a care-
ful examination of examples. A study of well-written news stories makes
clear the application of the principles of prose composition to the writing of
news. A comparison of several news stories of the same type brings out the
variety of wajrs in which similar material may be handled. The writer must
know the varied possibilities of treating material, because, in working on
similar matter from day to day, he is in great danger of dropping into con-
ventional forms and stereotjrped expressions.

Methods of analysis. In the study of a news story the following points
should be considered: (1) the value of the news; (2) the sources of the news;
(3) the methods by which it was obtained; (4) the purpose of the story; (6)
the type of the story; (6) the structure; (7) the literary style; and (8) the
typographical style.

News and news values. News, as conmionly defined, is anjrthing timely
that interests a number of readers, and the best news is that which has the
greatest interest for the greatest number. Constructive journalism is not
salriBS^d to present merely what readers are naturally interested in; it aims

THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES

to give news that is significant to them from the point of view of their per-
sonal affairs as well as from that of the welfare oJF society. It likewise under-
takes to create interest in significant news that of itself may not interest a
considerable number of readers. Each story, therefore, should be examined in
order to determine why the news in it was considered of interest and signifi-
cance to the readers of the paper in which it was published, as well as how
great the interest and the significance were believed to be as indicated by the
space given to the story.

News values are based largely on the reader's interest in (1) timely mat-
ters, (2) extraordinary events and circumstances, (3) struggles for supremacy
in pontics, business, sports, etc., (4) matters involvmg the property, life, and
welfare of fellow men, (5) children, (6) animals, (7) hobbies and amusements.

The degree of the reader's interest in these matters of news is propor-
tionate to (1) his familiarity with the persons, the places, and the things
involved, (2) the importance and the prominence of these persons, places,
and things, (3) the closeness of their relation to the reader's personal affairs.

The distinction between local news and general news grows out of the
greater degree of interest on the part of the reader in persons and places that
he knows and in matters that are closely related to his business and his home.
News of significance concerning the community in which he Uves is of prime
importance to every reader. Interest in news may generally be said to vary
inversely in proportion to the distance between the place where the news
originates and the place where the paper is published. Local interest is given
to general news by bringing out those phases, or "local ends," of telegraph
news that are of significance in the conmiunity in which the paper circulates.

Every story indicates the evaluation of the news that it presents as made
by the reporter or correspondent, and by the editor or the copy-reader. By
determining the basis of this evaluation, the student acquires a criterion
by which to judge the news value of whatever he is called upon to report.

Sources of news. From the details of a news story it is almost always pos-
sible to infer the sources from which the news was obtained. Public and
private records, reports, oflScials, eye-witnesses, for example, are often cited
as authorities for the facts in the story. These sources should be noted care-
fully, so that they may be drawn upon by the student in his own reporting.
In fact, a list of sources compiled from news stories of various kinds, such as
those of crime, accidents, fires, etc., will be found helpful to the beginner.

Methods of news gathering. How the details of the news were obtained
may also be ascertained from an examination of the story. In the report of
an interview, for example, the reporter's questions may be inferred from the

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

person's replies. Not infrequently the story shows indirectly the circum-
stances under which the reporter secured the material. The student will do
well to note every such hint and suggestion.

Purpose. Every news story should present the details of the news as ac-
curately as possible and as completely as the significance of the news war-
rants. The embellishment of news stories with fictitious details to make them
more interesting or more entertaining, as well as the distortion and suppres-
sion of significant facts of the news in order to accomplish some end, are
alike opposed to the fundamental purpose of the newspaper. Besides report-
ing the news with fairness and accuracy, however, the writer, consciously or
unconsciously, may accomplish other ends by the manner in which he pre-
sents his material. By giving prominence to certain details and aspects of a
piece of news, he may produce one effect upon the reader's mind; by em-
phasizing others in the same piece of news, he may produce an entirely dif-
ferent impression. Thus news of accidents, crime, courts, and similar mat-
ters can be presented so as to exert either a wholesome or an unwholesome
influence on readers; that is, it may be constructive or destructive in its
effect. Stories of crime, for example, may be written in a manner that tends
to make the wrongdoer more or less of a hero, and hence may encourage
others to imitate his career; or they may be written in a way that tends to
deter readers from committing similar crimes. Whether wrongdoing is made
attractive or unattractive in news stories depends not so much upon giving
the facts fully and accurately as upon the reporter's attitude toward his
material.

Some newspapers simply record the news without emphasizing either its
constructive or its destructive phases. Newspapers of this tjrpe have been
likened to mirrors that reflect impartially whatever comes within their
range. This policy is expressed in the dictum of a well-known editor when
he declared, "Whatever the Divine Providence p^mitted to occur, I was
not too proud to report." Purely informative news stories and entertaining
feature stories in these papers are written without particular regard for their
influence on readers.

Other newspapers, not satisfied with reporting the day's events in an
accurate but colorless manner, without any particular consideration for its
effect upon their readers, deliberately undertake to give news in such a way
that it tends to be helpful and constructive in its influence. They publish not
merely the usual details regarding fires and accidents; they emphasize the
causes, the responsibility, and the frequency of such occurrences, in order
to inq)ress upon readers the importance of taking preventive measures

THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES

against the recurrence of such disasters. They also recognize the fact that
some legitimate news, even when given in what is ordinarily considered an
unobjectionable manner, tends to have a bad effect on readers in that it sug-
gests to them ideas and ideals inimical to the best interests of society as a
whole. So-called ''waves" of crime and suicide they realize are often the
result of suggestions given to morally unstable readers by newspaper stories
of crimes and suicides. By constructive treatment of such news, they at-
tempt to reduce to a minimum these undesirable suggestions and to sub-
stitute for them suggestions that tend to prevent similar criminal and anti-
social acts.

Another class of newspapers, apparently disregarding the unwholesome
effect upon their readers, give prominence to sensational, ghastly, and scan-
dalous phases of the news because they know that such details appeal to the
morbid interest of many readers. The not uncommon explanation made
by these newspapers for such treatment of news is that they are giving the
public what it wants. Critics of these papers deny the validity of this ex-
cuse and point out that it would apply equally to the selling of habit-form-
ing drugs and adulterated food, acts now forbidden by law.

Since the underlying purpose of the writer plays an important part in the
selection and the arrangement of material for news stories, as well as in the
effect that stories produce upon readers, it deserves careful consideration in
the analysis of news stories.

Type of story. There are two general tsrpes of news stories: (1) the in-
formative news story, the chief aim of which is to give the facts of the news;
and (2) the feature or human interest story, the chief aim of which is to
take material of little or no news value and make it interesting. The funda-
mental difference between these two kinds of stories is the news value of the
contents. The presence or absence of so-called "human interest" is not the
basis of this classification, for informative news stories may be developed by
bringing out the human interest element in the news.

The informative news story may be one of two kinds: (1) the story the
chief purpose of which is to record the facts of the news without particular
regard to its ^ect upon the readers; and (2) the story that presents the facts
of the news in such a way as to produce a wholesome effect.

The purely informative news story usually presents the facts of the news
so that they can be grasped readily in rapid reading. Its length is determined
by the value of its news as measured by the ordinary standards of news
values. It may be made interesting by bringing out the human interest ele-
ment and by any literary device that is adapted to the subject. Usually it
has a summary lead.

lo TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

The informative story of the constructive t3rpe auns to interest the reader
in the significance of the facts of the news, and the length of the story, ac«
cordingly, is determined by the importance of the news from this point of
view. By bringing out the human interest element in the constructive type
of story, the writer is able to make the emotional appeal to the readers that
is particularly effective in accomplishing the purposes of this kind of story.
Stories of this t3rpe may or may not have a summary lead.

In the entertaming feature story that contains Httle or no news, the inter-
est lies entirely in the manner in which the facts are told. The literary ability
of the writer is here tested to the utmost, for a story is read only so far as it
interests. The length of these stories, therefore, is determined by the writer's
success in sustaining the reader's interest.

News stories in method are (1) narrative, (2) descriptive, (3) expository,
or (4) any combination of these three forms of discourse. These forms are
often to be found combined in a single story. The reporter, for example, may
in one story narrate a series of mcidents, describe the persons and places in-
volved, and explain causes, motives, and results.

In the purely informative news story that is narrative in form there is
little suspense, because the essential facts are usually summarized in the
beginning, or lead. In the narrative feature story, however, the interest is
frequently sustained by the same devices that are used in fiction.

Description in news stories may be either suggestive or detailed. In most
stories lack of space makes it impossible to do more than sketch briefly the
appearance of persons and objects by suggestive touches. In long stories,
however, when circumstances warrant it, descriptions may be given in con-
Biderable detail. The purpose in both kinds of description should be to con-
vey to the reader impressions of sights, sounds, etc., as vivid as those the re-
porter himself experienced.

News stories are expository, as a whole or in part, whenever situations must
be made clear by explaining motives, causes, results, and other phases of the
news, or by summarizing the whole or a part of speeches, reports, etc. Such
exposition should always be as simple and lucid as possible.

Structure of the stoiy. The structure of the news story is concerned with
(1) the beginning, or lead, and (2) the body of the story. The informative
story usually begins with a summary lead that answers the reader's ques-
tions Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? Thus the sunmiary lead
includes the following details: (1) the persons, (2) the event, (3) the place,
(4) the time, (5) the cause, (6) the significant circumstances. Any one of
these elements of the news may be '' featured " in the place of prominence at

THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES ii

the begmning of the story, although the time and the place are seldom played
up in this way. The story of entertainment or appeal, on the other hand,
usually avoids the summary lead by beginning in one of the wa3rs ccHnmon to
fictitious narratives. In its beginning, its effort to sustain suspense, and its
semblance of plot the human interest or feature story closely resembles the
short story.

In the body of the story the details follow a logical order. The arrangement
in narrative stories is usually chronological. Only such of the details sum-
marized in the lead are repeated in the body of the story as are needed for
clearness. Although it is well to round out stories in the last paragraph, the
ending does not receive so much attention as in other prose, because the
exigencies of ''make-up'' often necessitate the cutting off of the last para-
graph or two.

literary style. The style of a news story is concerned with such elements
as (1) paragraphs, (2) sentences, (3) words; and with such qualities as (1)
clearness, (2) force, (3) animation, (4) humor, (5) pathos, (6) taste.

Analysis of paragraphs and sentences should include: (1) the length of the
paragraph and of the sentence; (2) the unity of thought in the sentence, and
the unity of topic in the paragraph; (3) the coherence, or connection between
the parts; and (4) the emphasis given to the important ideas by their position
in sentence and paragraph.

Because of the narrowness of the columns the newspaper paragraph must
be comparatively short to avoid appearing heavy and uninviting. The tjrpi-
cal newspaper paragraph contains from 36 to 76 words, whereas the average
paragraph in ordinary prose is from 150 to 250 words in length.

In sentence length, and in paragraph and sentence unity and coherence,
the style of the news story does not differ from that of other prose. Involved
constructions, long periodic sentences, and similar rhetorical devices, how-
ever, have no place in journalistic writing, because they tend to prevent rapid
reading.

The emphasis given to an important point by placing it at the begin-
ning of a sentence or a paragraph, is a distinctive characteristic of newspaper
style, growing out of the fact that in rapid reading the eye catches impor-
tant points quickly if they occupy these initial positions.

Specific words in original combinations are always preferable to colorless,
general terms and trite phrases. Technical, scientific, and learned words
should be avoided unless fully explained. Slang and colloquial expressions
may be used when the tone of the story justifies them.

Clearness, which is essential to rapid reading, depends upon the arranger

12 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

menty the connection, and the expression of ideas, and the student will do
well to analyze these essential factors in well-written stories. How brisk
movement and steady progress can be secured is also worthy of notice.
Humor and pathos are not infrequent in news stories, particularly in those of
the feature and human interest t3rpe. The student should observe how humor
may be eflFective without ridicule, buJBfoonery, or vulgarity, and how offensive
facts may be presented in news stories without violating the canons of good
taste.

Typographical style. Peculiarities in such details of t3rpographicaI style
as abbreviation, capitalization, hyphenation, and the use of numerical figures
should be noted in each story and associated with the newspaper from which
the story was taken, for each paper has a typographical style of its own. One
style is as good as another, but it is essential that consistency be maintained.

The printing of significant facts in a box at the beginning or in the body of
a story, often in bold-face type, the method of arranging lists of dead and
injured, the forms for market reports, scores in sports, and similar details
should be carefully noted.

AN OUTLINE FOR THE ANALYSIS OP NEWS STORIES

NEWS VALUES

1. In what paper was the story published?

2. What are the policy and the character of the paper?

3. How widely does the paper circulate outside of the place in which it is pub-
lished?

4. Does the paper appeal to a particular class of readers?

6. Is the piece of news presented from the point of view of this class?

6. What, for the average reader, is the source of interest in the news contained
in the story?

7. How much would the news interest the average reader? Why?

8. Do you think that the news was worth more or less space than was given to it?
Why? ^.

9. What more significant phases might have been played up or developed?

SOURCES OP NEWS

1. How did the news originate?

2. Where was the first record of it probably made? By whom?

3. What records and what persons may have been consulted in securing the news?

4. What reference books or material may have been used in getting or in verifying
the details of the story?

5. What other possible sources might have been consulted?

THE STUDY OF NEWS STORIES 13

METHODS OF NEWS GATHERING

1. What evidence does the story give of the methods by which the news was ob-
tained?

2. Is there any evidence that the reporter or correspondent failed to get any of the
important details of the piece of news?

PTJBFOSE

1. Does the story seem to be fair and unbiased?

2. Is there evidence that any important facts were suppressed or that the story was
colored to conform to the policy of the paper?

3. Is the handling of the news constructive or destructive in its effect?

4. What, if any; is the constructive purpose of the writer?

5. Is the story so treated as to tempt the reader to imitate anti-social acts?

TYPE OP STORY

1. Is the primary purpose of the story to inform or to entertain?

2. Is the story largely narrative and descriptive? Is it largely explanatory? Is it
largely direct or indirect quotation?

3. If the story is narrative in form, is the order chronological?
^ 4. Is the narrative clear or confused?

5. Does the narrative move slowly or briskly? Why?

6. Are accounts of the event by participants or eye-witnesses used? If so, are these
accounts in direct or indirect quotation form?

7. Are remarks and conversation of participants and eye-witnesses given?

8. Is the description detailed or suggestive? Is it effective? Why?

9. Is there a striving for effect in the description?

10. If the story is that of a speech, report, etc., is the material arranged in logical
order?

11. Is much or little made of the personal, or human interest, dement in the story
of the speech or the interview?

STRUCTURE OP THE STORY

1. Has the story a summary lead or an unconventional b^inning?

2. Does the lead contain the essential facts concisely presented?

3. Is the most striking detail played up as the feature in the first group of words of
the opening sentence of the lead?

4. What other element in the news might have been featured in the lead?

5. Is the lead proportionate in length to the whole story?

6. How are the details arranged in the body of the story?

7. Is there any evidence that the story was cut down in making up the paper?

8. Are the paragraphs closely connected?

9. Is there unnecessary repetition in the story?

10. Could the arrangement of the details be improved? How?

14 TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

LITERARY STYLE OP THE STORY

Pabagbaphs

1. What is the average length of the paragraphs?

2. Are any of the paragraphs too long or too short?

3. Is each paragraph a unit?

4. Are the details well arranged and closdy connected in the paragraphs?

5. Does the first group ot words at the beginning of each paragraph attract the
reader as his eye glances down the story?

6. Could any of the paragraph b^pnnings be made more effective? How?

Sentences

1. What is the average length of the sentences?

2. Are any of the sentences too long or too short?

3. Is the construction of each sentence evident in rapid reading?

4. Is each sentence a unified expression of a closely related group of ideas?

5. Are the parts of the sentences combined in firm, closely knit construction?

6. Do the sentence beginnings attract the reader by the importance and the in-
terest of the ideas expressed in the first group of words?

7. Do any of the sentences trail off loosely into a succession of phrases and clauses?

8. Is there variety in sentence length and sentence construction?

Words

1. Is the style concise or wordy?

2. Is the diction original or hackneyed?

3. Is the style marked by many adjectives or by superlatives?

4. Are the verbs specific and forcible?

5. Is the diction too learned for the comprehension of the average rapid reader?

6. Are words used idiomatically and accurately?

7. Are slang and colloquial expressions found in the story? What is the effect of them?

8. Is the diction is keeping with the tone of the story?

Qualities of Style

1. Can the details of the story be easily comprehended in rapid reading; that is, is
i the style comparatively simple?

2. Upon what does the general clearness of the story depend?

3. Is the movement slow or rapid? Why?

4. Is there any humor or pathos in the story? How is the humorous or the pathetic
effect secured?

5. Has the news possibilities for humorous or pathetic treatment that are not de-
veloped?

6. Is the story in good taste?

TYPOGRAPHICAL STYLE

1. What are the peculiarities of abbreviation, capitalization, hyphenation, and use
of numerical figures?

2. Is the t3rpographical style consistent throughout the story?

3. Areanydetailsof thestorygivenprominencebytypographicaldevices? If so, why?

CHAPTER m

FIBES AND ACCIDENIB

Type of stoiy. Many newspaper reports of fires and accidents may be con-
sidered as typical examples of narrative and descriptive news stories of the
purely informative type. The essential facts of the news are presented in a
simple, direct, concise manner without any attempt to give the story any
greater interest for the reader than the facts themselves possess. Such a fire
story is that of the ''Large Tannery Fire" (p. 16) and such an accident
story is that CTititled "Automobile and Car Collide" (p. 24).

Wl^en hmnan life is involved in these events, some newspaper writers take
advantage of the opportunity to add to the interest by developing the per-
sonal, or human interest, elements of the news in the informative type of
story, while at the same time presenting the facts fully and accurately.
Accident stories of this type are those headed "Entombed Miners" (p. 38)
and "Baby Drowns" (p. 42).

Less important fires and accidents that might otherwise go unnoticed, or
be dismissed with a few lines, may have in them some element that lends it-
self to the feature, or human interest, treatment. A small fire story of this
type is found on p. 19; a humorous feature story of an accident is that of the
" Child in a Runaway " (p. 25) ; and a pathetic human interest story is that of
the "Boy Killed by Car" (p. 25).

Purpose. Stories of fires and accidents, particularly when such occurrences
result in fatalities, may be written so as to be either constructive or destruc-
tive in their influence upon readers. The constructive effect lies in emphasis
upon those elements that tend (1) to turn the reader's attention to preventive
measures, (2) to create sympathy for the victims, or (3) to inspire admiration
for heroism or other virtues. Stories that give prominence to inimediate
or imderlying causes and responsibility in cases of fires and accidents, as well
as to possible preventive measures, have a helpful effect. Stories that create
sympathy for victims deserving of aid generally result in prompt offers of
relief. Examples of constructive stories are those entitled "Fire in Stables"
(p. 18), "Lodging House Fire " (p. 21), and "Runaway" (p. 22). The story
that aims to satisfy readers' interest in ghastly and sensational phases of
fatal fires and accidents panders to a morbid curiosity and inevitably

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

has an unwholesome influence, even though the facts that it presents are
true.

Treatment of material. All t3rpes of fire and accident stories give oppor-
tunity for spirited narrative and vivid description. Possible means for lend-
ing life and interest to the narrative include accounts of the disaster, either
in direct or indirect quotation form, as secured by interviews with survivors
and eye-witnesses, and conversation between persons involved. ;

Contents of stoiy. Among the important details to be considered in analyz-
ing stories of unexpected occurrences, such as fires and accidents, are: (1)
number of lives lost; (2) number of lives endangered; (3) names of dead and
injured; (4) prominent persons and places involved; (6) character and extent
of damage; (6) property threatened with damage or destruction; (7) cause
and responsibility; (8) investigations; (9) preventive measures against recur-
rence of event; (10) probable or actual effects; (11) peculiar and unusual
circumstances; (12) humorous and pathetic incidents. Almost any qne of
these details may be the feature of .the story, and as such may be played up
in the lead. The space and prominence given to each of these details are
determined by its relative news value.

LARGE TANNERY FIRE

Boston Transcript

Following an explosion of fuel oil, fire
spread like a flash through the plant of the
George C. Vaughn Sole Leather Tannery on
Upper Bridge street, Salem, shortly before
noon today and destroyed three large
buildings and a power house, with a loss
estimated from $325,000 to $350,000, cov-
ered by insurance. Many times the flames
leaped to the neighboring wooden struc-
tures that surround the plant, but by the
efforts of the entire Salem firo department,
assisted by men and apparatus from^ Bev-
erly, Peabody and Marblehead, a conflagra-
tion was narrowly averted.

More than a quarter million dollars'
worth of sole leather was stored on the
premises. A. J. Vaughn, president of the
company, said after the fire that $200,000
worth of new stock had recently been re-
ceived and that the old stock, machinery
and buildings were worth $150,000 in ad-
dition, bringing the total loss to $350,000.

The fire,'which broke out at 11.15 A. M.
in the basement of the main tannery build-
ing, spread so quickly that the employees
at work on the upper floors had difficulty in
escaping to the street. Even before the
first alarm had been sent in, the advancing
flames reached a large tank of oil, used
for fuel in the power house. A heavy ex<*
plosion followed and the firo gained irre-
sistible headway, since the power house
stood in the centro of the plant and was
flanked on three sides by the tanning
houses.

Unable to check the flames in the plant,
the firemen bent their energy to keep the
fire from spreading. Calls for assistance
sent to the surrounding towns met quick
response, and by 12.30 the blaze was un-
der control.

The bufldings of the plant comprised a
two-story stone tannery, 200 feet long; a
single-story drsdng and rolling house, built
of wood, with a frontage of 150 feet; and a
beam house, also of wood, with a frontage
of 125 feet. They were grouped on three

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

sides of a square surrounding the power
house. The plant was formerly known as
the F. A. Lord tannery, but was enlarged
and remodelled after its purchase by the
George C. Vaughn Company.

UNIVERSITY BUILDINO BURNS

New York Times

Three important collections of books
and docimients, two of which were held
by their owners to be priceless, since they
represented the lifework of the collectors)
were destroyed in the fire which swept
through the superstructure of the uncom-
pleted University Hall on the Columbia
University campus early yesterday morn-
ing.

While the fire was burning, between 1
and 2 o'clock, the interest of the student
body was centred principally in the gym-
nasiimi, where there was a grand piano and
much apparatus to be saved, and in the
rooms of the Columbia University crew,
where there were many trophies, oars, and
banners.

In the rush to save athletic trophies, the
documents in rooms near by were over-
looked. They were finally pitched out of
the windows by firemen cleaning up after
the fire, and they were made up into three
great rubbish heaps on the lawns about the
burned building.

Before these rubbish heaps a Professor
of Mathematics and a Professor of Ger-
manic History stood yesterday with tears
in their eyes, their shirtsleeves rolled up
for work. They toiled through the debris
looking for personal papers and for notes
and documents which they said regretfully
they feared they could never replace.

The collections destroyed included all
the personal library on the history of
Germanic civilization brought to this
country by Dr. Ernst Richard, Professor of
Germanic History. With Dr. Richard's
documents went his personal notes, which
he had gathered in a lifetime of study.
While he stood over the rubbish pile in
front of the window of what had been his
office, Dr. F. N. Cole, Professor of Mathe-

matics, searched another big rubbish pile
nearby.

Dr. Cole also contemplated his loss with
deep sorrow. In the pile before him were
all the official documents and records of the
American Mathematical Association, which
had its headquarters in the building. Dr.
Cole was its Secretary, and he had moved
the documents from East Hall two years
ago because he feared that East Hall might
bum, while University Hall, except for the
temporary superstructure, was fireproof.

Tlie documents had been accumulating
since the association was founded. The
files of the first ten volumes of its publica-
tion, the American Mathematical Society's
Bulletin, were destroyed together with the
stock collection of copies of all subsequent
volumes. All of Dr. Cole's personal papers
were destroyed with the society's papers.

The fire, which apparently originated in
the kitchens behind the Commons eating
quarters on the main floor, swept through
wooden partitions separating various of-
fices on that floor, and through a temporary
wooden roof which had been put on against
the time when seven more stories should
be built.

As the lower floors, which were part of
the permanent structure, were fireproof,
the flames did not work down through
them, but died out when they had con-
sumed the temporary superstructure. The
gymnasium on the lower floor was un-
harmed, except by water, and the swim-
ming pool below it was ready for use yester-
day.

The offices on the upper floor which were
destroyed included the headquarters of
The Columbia Spectator, The Jester, the
Prison Reform Association, and the Ameri-
can Mathematical Association, the rooms
of the Columbia Crew, the Commons
Restaurant, and the offices of the depart-
ments of mathematics and Germanic his-
tory.

The athletic trophies in University Hall,
it turned out, were of only minor value,
having been won at training bouts on the
Harlem River. The rich trophies of the
university were kept in another building
with fireproof walls and floors.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

E. Stagg Whitin, Secretary of the Pri-
Bon Reform Association, joined the down-
hearted group early in the afternoon.
"What will Thomas Mott Osborne say
when he hears of this/' he remarked, as he
looked over the debris that had been notes
and documents. "All our work was here,"
he said, "all the fruits of our yeun of in-
vestigation. And there was even material
we intended to use in a lawsuit against
some Connecticut prison labor contrao-
tors.

"I don't see how we can replace what
we have lost. The reports of our investi-
gators made up a good part of it. We
spent our funds preparing this material,
and the only way we can replace it is
to raise another fund to do it all over
again."

The ruin of University Hall's super-
structure was not permitted to repose even
an hour. Dean Frederick Goetze, the uni-
versity Ck>ntroller, who drove in by auto-
mobile from Orient, L. I., on hearing of the
fire, had wagons losided with lumber on the
Campus before the firemen were through
tearing out the embere. He had 150 men
at work before noon rebuilding the roof,
and had orders placed for all material to
rei^ace the offices. He notified the gym-
nasium instructors that they might hold
classes as usual on Monday, and posted a
notice to students that meals would be
served as usual in the Commons Monday
noon.

A special announcement which pleased
university oarsmen was that their annual
dinner, scheduled for Oct. 21, could be
held in the gymnasium. Invitations to
1,000 former students had been accepted,
and' postponement would have robbed
the oarsmen of the rowing season's great
event.

Coach Jim Rice ordered the rowing
squads to report on Monday for barge
work on the Hudson, remarking that real
rowing was better than work on the ma-
chines in the gymnasium.

The loss on the building was officially
placed at "less than $100,000," which, it
was said, was fully covered by insur-
anoe«

FIRE IN STABLES

Baaian Tranaaripl

Fire that partly destroyed the Thornton
Stables, a five-story brick buflding at 85 to
05 West Mifflin street this morning, has
aroused Mayor Curley to the immediate
necessity of legislation to enable the city
to rase buildings, without the fear of re-
sultant liability, when such buildings have
been condemned by the building depart-
ment. He will ask the incoming Legisla-
ture for such a law.

For sixteen years the West Mifflin street
buflding had been regarded as one of the
worst firetraps in the city, according to the
mayor. In 18d8 it was condemned and an
order was issued by the fire commissioner
forbidding firemen to enter the buflding in
case of Gxe. During these years the bufld-
ing was constantly under inspection by both
the fire and buflding departments, and why
it was not ordered vacated has not been
explained. The walls were shored up, or
strengthened by iron rods, as the foundation
had settled, and yet the firemen realised
that, once a fire got under way, the walls
would not last long, as their thickness was
about eight inches.

Before the fire was extinguished toda3r,
Mayor Curiey and Buflding Commissioner
O'Heam visited the scene and discussed
with Fire Conmiissioner Grady and Chief
McDonough the dangers that exist in
other bufldings throughout the city which
have been condemned but which are still
occupied and are regarded as a particular
menace in case of fire. The party looked
over the surrounding property, and the
Buflding Commissioner pointed out three
buildings on the same street and practically
adjoining the stables that were being torn
down on his orders. These were ramshackle
bufldings that had been fire menaces for
years. It was the prevailing opinion that if
the stable fire had got under greater head-
way when discovered, and if a heavy wind
had prevafled, the best efforts of the fire-
men could not have prevented a serious
spread of the flames. The bufldings on the
southerly side of the stables are all of wood,
and the flames would have had little dif-

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

«9

ficulty, hadithey got beyond the control of
the fiiemen, in sweeping over the site of one
removed building to those of most inflam-
mable nature used as lodging-houses.

Mayor Curley directed Fire Commis-
Bioner Grady to prepare a list of buildings
of sufficiently dsjigerous fire risks to war-
rant orders from headquarters forbidding
the firemen entering them in case of fire.
That there are many such buildings in
various parts of the city of substantial pro-
portions was admitted. The fire conmiis-
sioner declared that he had received a le-
gal opinion that the city is not justified
in tearing down buildings which have been
oondenmed, unless the owner or owners
give their consent. The city has author-
ity, however, to vacate buildings. Section
four, Chapter 550 of the Acts of 1907, pro-
vides that the building conunissioner, or
one of his inspectors, shall inspect every
building which he has reason to believe is
unsafe or dangerous to life, limb or adjoin-
ing buildings, and, if he finds it tmsafe or
dangerous, shall notify the owner to secure
the building, and shall affix in a conspicu-
ous place on its walls a notice of its danger-
ous condition. ''The commissioner may,
with the written approval of the mayor,
order any building which in his opinion is
unsafe to be vacated forthwith," in the
words of the law.

Fifty buildings have already been oon-
denmed this year. Many of them have
been removed, but in every case the owners
have consented to the removal. The build-
ing commissioner sends his lists of con-
demned buildings to the City Council,
which gives hearings on the appeal. There
is a long list of such buildings now pend-
ing before the council, and the mayor will
go before that body at its next meeting and
urge that the list be given immediate atten-
tion.

The law department has handled two
hundred egress cases for the building de-
partment in the last two years. Assistant
Corporation Counsel Edward T. McGet-
trick having full charge, and in not a single
case has the department been obliged to
vacate after the bill in equity has been filed
in court. Most of these cases, however, are

of lodging^iouses, the owners preferring to
obey orders in providing sufficient fire-
escapes rather than fight the case in the
courts

SMALL FIRE

Savannah News

A tiny, golden-throated canary bird was
the hero of a midnight fire in the lobby of
the Geiger Hotel on Broughton street last
night.

It was due to the bird that the attaches
of the hotel investigated and found a, blase
in the wall caused by a defective flue in the
rear of the cigar stand cases. The loss will
amount to between $500 and $600. The
bird hangs in a cage near the cigar stand.
About 11:30 o'clock S. D. MacMartin
noticed it suddenly wake from its sleep and
flutter noisily about the cage. He thought
a cat was attempting to get the bird and
made an investigation. He climbed on a
chair and a puff of smoke and a blase shot
towards him.

A telephone alarm was sent immediately
to fire headquarters, and Chemical Com-
pany No. 1 answered. They extinguished
the blase in a short time. It was necessary
to chop away the partition, and the cigar
stand and cases were moved into the lobby
of the hotel from the wall. The owner of
the stand stated that his loss would be con-
siderable.

With all the excitement in the lobby
none of the guests in the hotel was awak-
ened.

LIVES LOST IN FIRE

Chicago Tribune

A careless electrician, a gas pocket in
a fireproof vault, a stab of flame from
a blown- out fuse — and a deadly "sane
Fourth" argument for a city which has
ceased to need one.

Such, in brief, was the story read by
Coroner Hoffman and other official in-
vestigators yesterday in the ruins of the
Pain Fireworks Display company's plant

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

at 1320 Wabash avenue, after an explosion
of the $5,000 stock of cannon crackers,
torpedoes, roman candles, slryrrockets, and
pyrotechnical set pieces had wrecked the
firm's own buildizig and rocked adjoining
structures.

The electrician, upon whom the authori-
ties are inclined to put the blame, was
Joseph Johnson, employed in the fire
sprinkler department of the American
District Telegraph company.

Johnson was one of five persons trapped
in the building and killed. Late in the after-
noon the bodies of the other four victims —
H. B. Thearle, president of the company;
Miss Florence Hill, his personal secretary;
Edward Ck)nnor8, a salesman; and R. H.
WolfiF, the stockman — ^had been recovered,
but Johnson's was not found imtil night.

The explosion — or rather the explosions,
for there were three or four of them at half
second intervals — occurred shortly before
11 o'clock in the morning. Mr. Thearle was
sitting at his desk in the middle of the
buildhig, a deep, narrow, one story struc-
ture of concrete and steel. At his side was
Miss Hill, taking dictation in shorthand.
Connors was busy at an adjoining desk.

WolfiF, the stockkeeper, was in the rear
part of the basement, in which most of the
company's stock was stored. At the front
end of the basement two electricians were
at work — Johnson and Michael J. Calla-
han, his foreman. The job on which the
electricians were employed centered in the
Coca Cola building, adjoining the Pain
plant, in which an outfit of automatic
sprinklers was being installed.

Duty called Callahan into the Coca
Cola building just in time to save his life.
A minute after the foreman electrician had
walked out the front door, Thomas Byrnes,
sales manager for the fireworks company,
stepped into the alley at the rear of the
building. He had taken only a few steps
when there was a flash and a roar and his
feet shot from under him.

As Byrnes fell, a body came sailing out
into the alley. It stopped short against
one of the pillars of the south side "L"
structure, which runs through the alley,
and Johimy Costello, the Pain ofiloe boy,

let out a yell of terror. The ^ell was his
last for several hours, for he immediately
lost consciousness.

At the Wabash avenue end of the build-
ing other things were happ)ening. With
the first explosion the big plate gUss win-
dow disappeared and a mountain of flame
burst into the street. The street car tracks
were dear for a hundred yards north and
south, except for which fact, it is believed,
there would have been many more killed
and injured.

The flame rolled across the street and
scorched the front of the building of the
Howe Scale company, all the windows of
which had been shaken out by the explo-
sion. On the heels of the dissipated flame
moimtain a pillar of smoke several hun-
dred feet in height rolled out of the Pain
building.

Columns of flame and smoke climbed
through holes in the fireworks store which
mark^ the places where two big skylights
had been, and an instant later a dozen
shutters on the north wall of the Coca Cola
building were afire, and panic-«tricken
employes, many of them girls, were racing
for the south fire escapes.

Firemen responding to a 4-11 alarm
found the bodies of Mr. Thearle, Miss Hill,
and Connors just inside the front door,
all badly burned. Hours later the body of
Wolff was found in the rear of the base-
ment. It was after nightfall when firemen,
working in the glare of a searchlight, took
Johnson's body from the ruins.

By that time the building had been
carefully inspected — and it was regarded
as a tribute to the strength of its rein-
forced concrete construction that there
was any of it left to inspect — by Coroner
Hofifman, J. C. O'Donnell, chief of the
bureau of fire prevention and public safety,
and investigators for the new municipal
department of public service. All were of
the opinion that Johnson was responsible
for the explosion, but the blame will not be
definitely placed until Monday, when a
jury impaneled on the spot by Coroner
Hofifman will hold an inquest.

O'Donnell, who is third assistant fire
marshal^ planned to combine his investi*

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

gatdon with the coroner's. He was satis-
fied, he said, that the Pain company had
taken all reasonable precautions and that
favorable reports made on the place by
inspectors of his bureau had been justified
by conditions.

The building had been specially con-
structed for the storage of fireworks, and
had been occupied by the company, for-
merly located in the loop, for three years.
The basement had been divided into three
sections by stout partitions, in much the
same way that bulkheads are built into a
ship. Into each of the partitions was set a
steel door. But there had been no time to
close the doors.

"The Pain people thought they were
absolutely protected against accidents,''
said O'Donnell. ''This goes to prove there
is no such thing as absolute protection when
explosives are being handled."

LODGING HOUSE FIRE

New York World

The lives of six persons who died in a
lodging house fire at No. 1516 Eighth
avenue early yesterday morning, might
have been saved if orders issued by the Fire
Department last May 27 had been obeyed,
says a report which J. O. Hammitt, Chief
of the Bureau of Fire Prevention, made late
yesterday to Commissioner Robert Adam-
son.

Five of the dead persons were identified
as Bernard Lynde, thirty-five, a laborer;
Edward J. Ryan, thirty-five, a limchman;
Louis Detter, fifty-three, a laborer; a man
named Hagan, about fifty; and John Cut-
ter, eighty-four, a laborer. The sixth man
was unidentified.

There were sixty-five men registered in
the hotel when Peter Kelly, a watchman,
saw the smoke and gave an alarm. Sergt.
John Butler of the Salvage Corps ran to Uie
roof of a neighboring building and assisted
fifteen of the men to safety.

Lieut. Reed of Hook and Ladder No.
12, and Hugh Bonner, the son of the ex-
Chief, mounted extension ladders to the top
floor and assisted many more to the ground.

Three bodies were found on the third, and
three on the top floor.

Coroner Healy and Fire Marshal Prial
believed that the fire was caused by a care-
less smoker.

Following the issuance of the report, it
was announced that an investigation would
be made by the District-Attorney's office
to determine whether anyone could be held
responsible for the loss of life.

The orders were for the enclosure of an
unenclosed stairway, up which the fire
spread, and for the installation of an in-
terior fire alarm system. Both orders had
been turned over to the legal department
for enforcement, and work on the stairway
enclosure was in progress the day before
the fire. Plans for the fire alarm system
were approved Oct. 22.

Mr. Hammitt stated that the day before
the fire an inspector learned that the direct
communication of the lodging house with
fire headquarters had been cut and ordered
its restoration. The report says that Peter
Loos, the proprietor, called at fire head-
quarters at 9 o'clock and said that the com-
munication had not been re-established
because it was the work of the landlord, but
that there had been a fire in which ''three
persons were slightly injured." According
to Mr. Hammitt, Edward Brown is the
owner of the building.

CAUSE OF FIRE

New York Time8

A glowing; match, carelessly tossed into
a baby carnage standing in the hall, is be-
lieved to have started the fire in which
thirteen persons lost their lives in the three-
story tenement house in the rear of 986
North Sixth Street, Williamsburg, as told
in Thb Times yesterday. Poor lighting in
the hallways may have been an indirect
cause of the fire, according to Tenement
House Commissioner John J. Murphy.

As in more than 2,000 structures in the
city. Commissioner Murphy said, kerosene
lamps were used to light the halls. Often
the lights go out or are turned out by 11
o'clock, so that persons who go into the

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

buildings later are forced to strike matches
to find their way. It probably was a match
struck in this way that started the fire.

After an inspection of the district about
ten days ago idl the property owners were
warned that they must keep their lights
lighted, according to the law. The inspec-
tion disclosed that about 70 per cent, of the
houses were poorly lighted.

"Prosecutions for violations of the law
relating to lighting are almost without ex-
ception in vain," Conmiissioner Murphy
told a Times reporter yesterday, "Jf the
owners are taken to court, they say that
the lights went out, or were blown out. The
reason for the law is primarily to see that
the means of exit are lighted. The danger
from matches used to light the way had
not been thought so great."

Except with regard to lighting, possi-
bly, the burned tenement complied with
all the provisions of the law, the officials
said. Tlie fire escapes were as prescribed,
and it was due to excitement on the part of
ihe occupants that they did not use them
instead of trying to go down the stairs.
Only one of the windows opening to die
escapes was found broken.

All of the victims were suffocated by
smoke. Five were members of the family
of Michael Blimd, and two others were
boarders with him; three were members of
the family of Michael Lenko, all of whom
lived on the top floor. John Whatso and
his wife and an unidentified man who
boarded with them were found on the sec-
ond floor.

The house was occupied by six families,
two on each floor. It is owned by John
Eomo, a banker, of 667 Grand Street, who
owns several other tenement houses in the
neighborhood. As told in late editions of
yesterday's Times, flames were seen shoot-
ing out of the windows by a passeiby, who
turned in an alarm. The firemen, when
they arrived, foimd it difficult work, so
excited was the crowd in front of the burn-
ing building.

The interior of the buOding was scarcely
touched by fire. Several of the bodies were
lightly scorched, but it was apparent that
suffocation had caused the deaths. On one

of the floors the tenants had opened the
door and left it open creating a draft. Ap-
parently all of the victims had been asleep
when the fire started.

Commissioner Adaznson, Fire Chief
Kenlon, Fire Marshal Brophy, Deputy
Tenement House Commissioner Hickey,
Assistant District Attorney Wilson, Cap-
tain Shaw of the Homicide Squad of the
Police Department and Coroner Wagner
made investigations. At first it was thought
that the fire was of incendiary origin, and
the theory was that it had been started by
one of Komo's tenants who had been
evicted. The officials were hampered in
their investigation because most of the
tenants were foreigners and could not
speak English.

RUNAWAY

New York Evening Post

Dragged from his own horse while trsring
to stop a runaway in Central Park this
afternoon, Mounted Patrolman Stephen
Dowling, althou^ thrown imder the
wheels of a light carriage, jumped to his
feet, remounted his horse, and, after a chase
of ten blocks, caught and stopped the
other animal. His uniform was torn and
he received contusions about the body,
but he remained on duty throughout the
day. The runaway horse was attached to a
li^t runabout, driven by a man and
woman, who said they were Mr. and Mrs.
A. R. Hamilton of No. 775 West Ninety-
fifth Street.

They were driving slowly on the West
Drive when, at Ninetieth Street, the bit
broke and the animal bolted. Dowling saw
the runaway and pursued it on his own
■horse, which overtook the fleeing animal
at One Hundred and Sixth Street.

Because of the broken bit it was impos-
sible to stop the running horse by catching
the bridle, so Dowling leaned far out and
wrapped his arms around the neck of the
runaway. He clung in this manner for a
few minutes, and then, his own horse
shying, he was dragged from the saddle
and fell directly beneath the wheels of the

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

runabout. Two wheels passed over his
chest.

Although dazed and bruised, Dowling
jumped to his feet and caught his horse,
which stood near, mounted and set ofif at a
gallop after the Hamilton rig.

At One Hundred and Sixteenth Street the
runaway swerved and the light carriage
was thrown against a truck. Mr. and Mrs.
Hamilton were thrown out but escaped
with a few slight bruises. Dowling had al-
most caught up when this occurred. He
halted long enough to see that the man
and woman were not injured and then
started after the running horse. Near One
Hundred and Seventeenth! Street he was
even with the animal and again leaned over
and wrapped his arms around the horse's
neck. This time his own horse did its share
of the work, and Dowling's weight soon
told on the runaway, which stopped within
half a block.

''Just in the day's work," said Dowling,
when he was congratulated.

AUTOMOBILE COLLISION

Boston Herald

Tossed into a blazing pool of gasoline
when two touring cars collided and the gas
tank of one exploded. Miss Alice Cushing,
22, of Nahant, and Percy Mason of 765
Washington street, Lynn, were probably
fatally burned at 8 o'clock last night on the
Nahfljit road at Little Nahant.

Walter Hanley of 11 Moore street,
Swampscott, was hurled 30 feet with his
clothing a mass of flames, but saved his own
life by plimging into the surf and extin-
guishing the fire about him. Ten other pas-
sengers in the machines were bruised and
shaken up, but were able to return home
after medical attention.

The accident happened opposite Wilson
road, when a seven passenger touring car
in which were Mr. and Mrs. J. Fred Farley
of Danvers, their three children, Richard,
Fred and Helen Farley, and Mrs. Farley's
mother, Mrs. O. B. Merton of Danvers,
turned abruptly to one side to go down
upon the beach. It was struck from behind

by a public touring car operated by Hanley
and containing six passengers.

Hanley's machine ploughed into the rear
of the Farley car, tearing a hole in the
gasoline tank. The lamps ignited the gaso-
line and an explosion followed which sent
several gallons of burning fluid upon the
road.

It was into this that Miss Cushing and
Mason fell when they were thrown from
the public machine by the impact. The
yoimg woman was made unconscious by
the fall and was lying helpless in the centre
of the fire when she was rescued with con-
siderable difficulty by H. C. Wilcox of
Beverly, who was driving by on the road.
He rolled her in an automobile robe and,
after extinguishing the flames, took her to
the Lynn Hospital. There it was said there
was practically no chance of her recovery.
She was burned from head to foot and had
inhaled much of the flames.

Mason was rescued by Dr. Newton A.
Stone of SomerviUe, a Cambridge dentist,
who heard the explosion and saw the glare
of flames while driving in his machine
farther down the road. He put out the fire
about Mason with auto robes, assisted by
the passengers of the public machine who
had recovered from their shock. The dentist
worked over him while another man drove
his machine to Union Hospital, Lynn.
Mason's bums were so severe that his
name was immediately placed on the danger
list.

In the excitement which followed the
wreck, it was believed that Hanley, the
driver of the public car, had been burned
alive. A half-hour later, however, he was
discovered in a cottage off Wilson road.
His clothing was ignited by the explosion,
and he was hurled over the road upon the
sand, his clothes a mass of flames.

He had to run toward the surf, but was
seriously burned before he could reach the
water, some 50 yards away. After he had
extinguished the flames himself, he made
his way to a cottage and sank exhausted on
the piazza. Later he was removed to Lynn
Hospital, where it was stated his bums were
serious, but probably would not prove
fatal. He was burned about the face and

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

upper part of the body and the flames had
entered his mouth, burning his tongue and
throat.

Before the Nahant fire department could
reach the scene both automobiles were de-
stroyed. The Farley machine had been
badly wrecked by the collision and the
public car was telescoped. In the latter
machine were Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hanley
of Lynn, Arthur Wright of Fiske avenue,
Lynn, and Leo Sale of Lynn, besides those
who were burned. They were all more. or
less bruised.

The Farley party narrowly escaped
being burned and were cut and bruised
when they were thrown from their seats.
Mrs. Farley told the police that she held
up her hand to signal the other machine as
her husband turned his auto toward the
beach. Hanley was in no condition to dis-
cuss the accident. He is said to have been
driving at about 18 miles an hour.

Miss Gushing lived on Willow road,
Nahant, and was employed as a waitress
in the Ck>lonial Caf4, Nahant. Mason
roomed at 765 Washington street, Lynn,
and for many years was a resident of Pea-
body. He was employed in a Nahant res-
taurant.

Mr. Farley is a machine manufacturer in
Danvers.

AUTOMOBILE AND CAR
COLLIDE

New York Tribune

George C. Hurlbut, the aged librarian
of the American Geological Society, and
his daughter, Miss Hione Hurlbut, were
seriously injured last night in a collision
between the automobile in which they were
riding and a surface car in the 86th street
transverse road in Central Park. Father
and daughter were removed to the Presby-
terian Hospital, where it was said that the
skull of each was fractured. Miss Hurl-
but's right arm was broken. Both were
unconscious when they were received at the
hospital, and it was said they could not re-
cover

Mr! Hurlbut Hves at No. 560 West End

avenue and is seventy years old. His
daughter, Ilione, is thirty-five years old and
is his assistant in his work. Yesterday
afternoon they engaged William Agg, of
86th street and Broadway, to take them
for a drive in the Fifth avenue section,
saying they would afterward have him
drop them at No. 106 West 55th street,
where they intended to have their Christ-
mas dinner with William Hurlbut, a nephew
of Mr. Hurlbut.

Agg started toward Fifth avenue by
way of the transverse road. Less than haJI
of the distance to Fifth avenue had been
covered when he heard a westbound car ap-
proaching. The automobile was at that
moment opposite the Park Department
workshops. Agg attempted to turn out,
but the slippery road and rails caused the
rear wheels of Uie automobile to skid. Both
the car and the automobile were travelling
at a rapid rate, and the front of the car
struck the body of the machine, overturn-
ing it. Before the motorman could bring
his car to a stop the automobile had been
crumpled up like cardboard, and the aged
librarian and his daughter lay unconscious
among the wreckage. Agg had saved him-
self by jumping before the car struck the
machine.

The car was crowded, and there was
intense excitement among the passengers,
who were shaken up and struck by flying
glass. Policeman Talt heard the noise
made by the collision and inunediately
telephoned for an ambulance. Before it
arrived, however, a passing automobile was
pressed into service, and the injured man
and wom^n were placed in it and hurried to
the Presbyterian Hospital.

Lieutenant Amett, of the Arsenal sta-
tion, ordered the arrest of the motorman of
the car, James Gannon, of No. 419 Third
avenue, and Agg, who lives at No. 160
Manhattan avenue.

Mr. Hurlbut has been the librarian of
the American Geological Society, at No. 15
West 81st street, for twenty-five years, and
is considered the foremost authority on that
class of work in this country. He was bom
at Charleston, S. C, about seventy years
ago, and before he came here was en^iged

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

«S

in geological study and writing in San
Francisco and was president of the Mer^
cantile Library.

The library of the American Geological
Society consists of 40,000 volumes, and is
second only in completeness to the geo-
logical library at Paris. Mr. Hurlbut is
also editor of the monthly bulletin which
the society publishes. George Greenough,
the secretary of the society, was greatly
shocked by the news of the accident to
Mr. Hurlbut and his daughter. He said
last night that the loss of the librarian's
services, even for a short time, would be
an irreparable loss to science and to the
society.

Since the death of his wife, eight years
ago, Mr. Hurlbut has lived with his
daughter, Ilione. They occupied a suite in
the building at No. 660 West E^d avenue,
and Miss Hurlbut acted as her father's
assistant.

He has two nephews, William J. Hurl-
but, author of the play "The Fighting
Hope," now at the Stuyvesant Theatre,
and Stephen A. Hurlbut, professor of
Greek at Barnard College. Mr. Hurlbut's
brother is said to have been the owner and
editor of "The New York World" before it
became the property of Mr. Pulitzer.

CHILD IN RUNAWAY

Boston Advertiser

NEW YORK, Dec. 23.— Walter Jack-
son is a lucky baby. His parents admit that
he is something more than that, but take
it as things go in this world of chance, he's
lucky.

A horse attached to a delivery wagon
was standing in front of 942 Columbus ave.
One of the front wheels was tied to a rear
wheel. Jacob Eats, the driver, was in the
building.

Along came a fat boy with a Christmas
tree on his shoulder and longings in his
heart. He stopped to look into a shop win-
dow and swung the tree around sweeping
the face of the horse. The horse ran away.

When he got to the comer of 87th st.
the horse took to the sidewalk.

On the sidewalk, along with many other
shoppers, were Walter Jackson and his
wife. Just ahead of them was Miss Roes
Williams, and just ahead of Miss Williams
was a baby carriage, and in the baby car-
riage ^was another Walter Jackson, three-
months-old and lucky.

The first Walter Jackson was knocked
down and his face looks now as if the horse
stepped on it. Mrs. Jackson was knocked
down and the wagon ran over her. Miss
Williams was knocked down also. i .

As the rear wheel of the delivery wagon
passed, it caught the baby carriage; the
baby stuck, and in another minute was
going just as fast as the delivery wagon.
Walter Jackson the second, stuck to his
carriage and incidentally to the delivery
wagon.

Half way down the block the wagon
struck a sidewalk showcase and the crash
of glass further frightened the horse. He
plunged back to the street, going through
a line of Christmas trees with the wagon
and the baby carriage.

Once through the trees, he smashed into
an L pillar and there parted company with
delivery wagon and baby carriage.

The wagon parted company with itself,
and about all there was left of the baby
carriage was that very limited portion of
it immediately adjacent to Walter Jack-
son.

The baby looked much mussed up, but
when Dr. Monaco of the Polyclinic Hos-
pital examined him there wasn't a mark
to be found.

BOY KILLED BY CAR

San Francisco Examiner

NEW YORK, December 17.— "Over
on Broadway there's a regular Santy
Claus," said 10-year-old Johnny Nugent
to his chum, 7-year-old Eddie Bowler, as
school let out on the East Side this after-
noon. "I never seen no Santy Claus —
only pictures. Did you? Let's go over?"

They put their books away, Johnny in
his home, Eddie in his. Then they trudged,
skipping curbs and whistling, across to the

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

region of a department store at Broadway
and Thirty-fourth street.

"I was a kid last year," said Johnny.
"Me mother couldn't let me come here
and I dasn't go without asking."

Th^ didn't have any money, of course.
Johnny's mother is a widow and Eddie's
folks have little to spare for the children.
But an idea seized Johnny; he would start
earning money at once. He went to a news-
boy, and the latter, with the freemasonry of
the streets, "lent" him two papers to sell.
In a moment he was yelling "Eztiy — All
about the murder trial!"

Eddie helped him to yell.

A customer beckoned from across the
street. Johnny darted toward him just in
front of the Hotel Martinique. A Broad-
way surface car loomed up suddenly.
There was a little cry, then the forward
pair of wheels ran over the boy and his
body became jammed in the rear wheels.

While a tremendous crowd of shop-
pers surrounded the car, some men — and
Eddie — ^crawled underneath. The men
came out with Johnny's body. His little
chum had his torn cap and the two evening
papers.

In the police station, before a group
of policemen who wept, Eddie told the
whole story while he dung to the battered
relics.

"Mr. Lieutenant," he asked at the end,
"do you tiiink Johnny will get alive
again?"

"Maybe Santa Glaus will take care of
him," said Dr. Gilhooley gravely, and he
turned quickly away.

SUBWAY ACCIDENT

New York Times

Seven persons were killed and eighty-
five injured shortly before 8 o'clock yes-
terday morning when a blast of dsmamite
in the excavation for the new Seventh
Avenue subway carried away all the plank
thoroughfare between Twenty-third and
Twenty-fifth Streets, sweeping down into
the great hole a crowded trolley car and
a brewery automobile truck.

That the toll of dead and injured was
not many times greater was due to the fact
that the supports of the subway structure
gave way slowly, affording an opportunity
for hundreds of persons who were on their
way to work to scurry to side streets and
to the walks which were at the sides of the
excavation. Most of those injured were in
the Seventh Avenue trolley car, which was
of the closed type and was north-bound.
When the tracks sagged the car slid into
the hole. It crumpled like pasteboard
when it struck the tangle of iron, wood,
and rock in the bottom of the excavation.
Two of the persons killed were passengers
in the car. All the others were laborers in
the tunnel caught beneath the wreckage.

Within an hour after the accident hap-
pened seven independent investigations
to place the blame were under way. These
inquiries were started by District Attor-
ney Perkins, the Fire Department, the
Public Service Commission, Coroner Fein-
berg, the contracting company, the State
Industrial Commission, and the Street
Railway Company.

The investigators said that before the
responsibility could be determined posi-
tively they would need the testimony of
August Midnight. Midnight is the licensed
blaster who set the d3aiamite charge. He
was seen after the accident, but disappeared,
and up to a late hour last night had not been
found. The police sent out a general alarm
for his arrest.

According to Policeman Daniel O'Shay
of the West Twentieth Street Station, who
was standing at Twenty-fourth Street and
Seventh Avenue, it was about 7:50 o'clock
when he heard the explosion, which was
followed by a sudden rising and then a
sagging of the temporary roadway in
Seventh Avenue. A few seconds later the
structure gave way and with a crash set-
tled down into the big hole. The street
car was directly in front of O'Shay, and
he saw it drop with the crumbling road-
way, and heard the cries of the terror-
stricken passengers.

O'Shay instantly ran to a fire box and
turned in an alarm, after which he no-
tified Police Headquarters by telephone*

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

When he got back to the accident to do
his part in the work of rescue, the scene
down deep in the excavation was appalling.

All that was left of the car, it appeared,
was the roof and the steel trucks. The
passengers inside, flung together in a con-
fused mass, were screaming and struggling.
On top of the debris, not far from the Twen*
ty-fourth Street side of the wreckage, was
the body of a stout, well-dressed woman.
Persons on the sidewalk more than thirty
feet above her saw that she was injured
terribly. She was still alive when taken
from the excavation, but died in a few
minutes. The body was identified as that
of Mrs. Martha V. Newton, 67 years old,
of 243 Waverly Place.

Fire ladders were let down into the hole,
and firemen and policemen, reckless of
danger to themselves, scrambled over the
debris to rescue the injured and recover
the dead. Mrs. Newton was one of the
first of those carried up the ladders to the
sidewalk and into the National Cloak and
Suit Company, where she died. This com-
pany, which operates a model welfare de-
partment for the benefit of its 4,100 em-
ployes, has an up-to-date hospital connected
with its plant, and to this infirmary>cores
of the injured were taken to have their
wounds dressed.

Ambulances from all parts of the city
were called, and soon there was a force of
thirty surgeons and as many more nurses
at work. Several himdred emergency men
employed by the contractors were hurried
into the excavation to facilitate the res-
cue. Mayor Mitchel, Chairman McCall
of the Public Service Commission, Police
Commissioner Woods, District Attorney
Perkins, and other city and county officiate
-arrived early and witnessed the removal of
some of the injured and the dead.

The rescuers found many wounded peo-
ple and one dead man in the wreckage of
the street car. The dead man was Louis
Knigman, a garment worker, of 308 East
Eighth Street. Another of those in the
car died soon after being removed from
the wreckage. The worst injured were
taken into the emergency hospital of the
Suit Company, while others were treated

in the streets by ambulance doctors and
sent to their homes.

Two priests from St. Colomba's Catho-
lic Church, Fathers Rogers and Higgins,
descended into the excavation and aided
the rescuers. William Dennison, the sub-
way engineer who was taken to St. Vin-
cent's Hospital and was expected to die,
was found with a girder across his chest,
but was conscious, and Father Higgins
anointed him before he was carried away.
When a stimulant was offered to Denni-
son to alleviate his suffering, he refused,
saying he did not drink.

The stifling odor of gas from broken
mains hampered the rescuers. The De-
partment of Water Supply, Gas and Elec-
tricity had employes at the cavity in eight
minutes after the accident. They found
that one twenty-four-inch high pressure fire
main and several six-inch water mains had
been broken, and that the water was rising
in the excavation. Within half an hour
they had all the high pressure mains closed,
and thirty minutes later arrangements
had been made through adjoining mains
so that the high pressure S3rstem was
ready for use. The smaller mains were
shut off by the subway contractors, and
temporary services were installed to meet
the needs of the residents of the block.

Through the fortunate presence at Sev-
enth Avenue and Twenty-third Street of a
patrolman for the Consolidated Gas Com-
pany, the gas was shut off soon. Two
mains had been broken; but on account of
the experience in the construction of the
Boston subway, when men were asphyx-
iated by escaping gas in a similar accident,
the gas mains are laid along the curb in
all the present construction in New York;
so that while a considerable amount of gas
escaped on the street it did no damage.

Fire Chief Eenlon directed much of the
rescue work, and fifty additional firemen
without apparatus were called out as soon
as the nature of the emergency was known.
Forty-four alarm boxes were put out of
commission by the breaking of wires when
the street went down, but service was re^
stored with overhead wires an hour later.

Immediately after the arrival of Acting

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Chief Inspector Dillon, who directed the
police reserves, called from all parts of
Manhattan and the Bronx, tenants were
ordered to quit the houses in Seventh
Avenue from Twenty-third to Twenty-
fifth Streets until the authorities decided
whether it was safe for them to return. At
7 o'clock at night they were permitted to
return to their homes.

Acting Police Inspector Joseph Conroy,
in conjunction with oflGicials of the con-
struction company, sent policemen at
night throughout the five boroughs to the
homes of 200 employes on the company's
payroll. All of the men were accounted for
except two — ^J. X. Zavina of 300 Avenue
A and John McCormick of 317 Bowery.
McCk>nnick had been reported dead earlier
in the day. At the address given for Za-
vina it was said that no man of that name
lived there.

The Seventh Avenue car service was
suspended south of Thirty-second Street,
and it will be at least a week, it is said,
before service is resumed below that point.

The thousands of spectators who crowded
as near the great cavity as they could dur-
ing the morning and gave the police re-
serves a hard task at the danger zone ropes,
became alarmed when it was reported that
dynamite was still beneath the fallen struc-
ture and that more explosions might fol-
low. Twelve sticks of unexploded dynamite
were carried up at one time, and the fire-
men took charge of it.

The engineers later said that there was
no more dynamite in the cavity, and that
the twelve sticks had been carried down
early in the morning by a powder man
who was to explode them in small blasts
after the big explosion at 8 o'clock. The
rules were strict regarding the handling
of dynamite, the company officials said,
and they were sure that there was no fur-
ther danger to the lives of the rescuers
after the twelve sticks had been taken out.

Ck>lonel William Hayward of the Public
Service Ck>mmission stood at the edge of
the great hole and pointed to the crum-
pled wooden car.

"Look at that car," he said. "That's
what we ought to investigate, for before

you is a picture of what is going to happen
when one of the old wooden cars on the
elevated takes a jump to the street. I
fought against those old cars going on the
elevated, but I was voted down. I will
always fight them or any other sort of
wooden cars for New York traffic.

" If that car down there had been a steel
car I do not believe a person would have
been hurt. At least the passengers would
not have been crushed."

The contract for the subway work
affected by the accident was awarded ori-
ginally to Canavan Brothers, but was
taken over by the United States Realty
and Improvement Company on Dec. 31,
1913. The price was fixed at $2,401,306.75.
The job was 75 per cent, completed yes-
terday morning. The part is designated
officially as Section 5, Route 4 and 38 and
extends from midway between Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Streets to midway be-
tween Thirtieth and Thirty-first Streets.

The company also has a contract for
the section from Commerce to Sixteenth
Street, and for Section 2 of the Broadway
subway from Twenty-sixth to Twenty-
eighth Street. The total amount of all sub-
way contracts held by the company is
$6,996,037.75, of which 40 per cent, has
been paid. The contractors are under a
$75,000 bond for the completion of the
construction and 15 per cent, of the pay-
ment will be withheld until the work is
accepted.

The contractors are liable under the
provisions of the workmen's compensation
law for death and injury of employes. The
company is insured, according to officials^
against losses by other accidents.

The United States Realty and Improve-
ment Company has enormous assets. Its
capital is $30,000,000. Among the realty
properties listed in its name are the Flat-
iron Building, Broadway and Fifth Ave-
nue; 17 Battery Place, 85 and 87 Beaver
Street, 96 and 98 Mercer Street, 67 and 69
Wall Street, 91 and 93 Wall Street, 123-
27 West Twentieth Street, 124-28 West
Twentieth Street, 112 West Twenty-first
Street, 118 West Twenty-first Street, 122-
26 West Twenty-first Street, 41-45 East

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

Twentyngeoond Street, 129-32 West Thir-
tieth Street, 202-08 West Thirty-seventh
Street, 111-19 Broadway, 304^12 Fourth
Avenue, 400 Fifth Avenue, 494-08 Seventh
Avenue.

Following are the officials of the com-
pany which faces enormous damage suits
for the accident: President, Wilson S.
Kinnear; Secretary, Richard G. Babbage;
Treasurer, Byron M. Fellows; Directors —
Harry S. Black, Chairman; R. G. Bab-
bage» Frank A. Vanderlip, John F. Harris,
WiUiam A. Poillon, John D. Crimmins,
P. A. Valentine, Harry Bronner, William

A. Merriman, W. S. Kinnear, C.'E. Her-
mann, F. W. Upham, Franklin Murphy,
and B. M. Fellows. The main offices are
at 111 Broadway.

The Superintendent is E. A. Little.
C. H. Stengle is chief ^igineer. S. S. Jones
is in charge of the cQnstruction work which
collapsed. The surpervising engineer is

B. C. Collier, and the engineer immedi-
ately in charge of the division which caved
in is H. R. Jacobson.

Supervising the work for the Public
Service Conunission are Alfred Craven,
chief engineer for the commission; Robert
Ridgeway, supervising engineer in charge
of subway construction; Andrew Veitch, in
charge of the section, and Stephen Koron-
ski, immediately in charge of the division
that caved in.

RUN DOWN BY TRAIN

Boston Traveler

In a race with an express train over
L3rman's bridge on the Southern division
of the Boston & Maine railroad at Wal-
tham, Gerald Ross, 15-year-old son of
Herbert Ross of 05 Carroll street, Wal-
iham, was overtaken and instantly killed
yesterday. A companion, Kenneth Harri-
son, 11 years old, of 145 Fourth street, was
struck by a cylinder of the engine and suf-
fered a broken arm. His brother, Norman
EEarrison, 14 years old, escaped uninjured.

The boys stood in the middle of the
single track on Lyman's bridge, a long
trestle over which trains cross a small

stream. They were watching a group of
their friends sporting in Lyman's pond,
and did not notice the approach of the 4
o'clock express from Boston.

The locomotive's warning whistle star-
tled them as the train rounded a bend 100
yards away. The bridge was too narrow
for the boys to remain on it safely while
the train passed. To ding to the girders
and hang suspended over the rocl^ bed
of the stream 25 feet below while the ex-
press shook the trestle was hazardous. As
the locomotive bore down upon them the
three boys started to race toward the end
of the bridge.

The engineer shut off steam, but the loco-
motive continued to gain on the fleeing
trio, the whistle shrieking the warning to
the boys to jump from the trestie.

Norman Harrison realized his danger
and leaped to the ground, 12 feet below.
Kenneth turned to the side of the track
and was about to jump when the engine
hit his arm and threw him from the trestle.
Gerald Ross raced on between the rails,
hoping to reach the end of the bridge. The
engine struck him and he died instantly.

Ross would have entered the Waltham
high school as a freshman this morning.

A police ambulance carried Kenneth
Harrison to the Waltham Hospital. Nor-
man Harrison escaped with bruises.

TRAIN DERAILED

Milwaukee Journal

Two hundred people narrowly escaped
death or serious injury early Monday
when the engine on passenger train No.
13, on the Fond du Lac division of the
Chicago and Northwestern road, due in
Milwaukee at 12: 10 a. m., going over forty
miles an hour, jumped the track two miles
north of Lake Shore Junction.

The tire on one of the rear drive- wheels
came off, throwing the locomotive from
the track. It tore fdong for over 150 yards,
across a trestle, and just as the nose of
the engine turned down the fifteen-foot'
embanlmient, Engineer Frank Purcell
brought the train to a stop.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

The train was over a half hour late and
was pounding hard to make up time. But
few of the people knew of their danger, the
rattle of stone and gravel against the cars
being the only sign that something was
wrong.

Some of the passengers dared the biting
cold and walked to the end of the car line,
four miles away, but most of them re-
mained to be brought into the city at 4
a. m. by a relief train.

The train blocked traffic on the Fond du
Lac division until a late hour Monday.
Several trains were held up, both north
and south bound. The wrecker, which did
not get out until 4 a. m., took over two
hours to get the engine on the rails and
bring the train into town.

Hurr3dng to Milwaukee to the bedside
of Mrs. Grant Gilson, 3307 Westem-av,
were her husband and her mother, Mrs. W.
Gilson. When the train was wrecked, the
two were made nearly frantic by the in-
formation that it would be two hours or
more before a relief train would arrive.
With a few others, they tramped, unmind-
ful of the stinging cold, to Lake Shore
Junction, thinking they could make street
car connections there. By good luck they
caught a southbound freight on the Lake
Shore division.

FATAL RAILROAD WRECK

MUwavkee Sentind

JERSEY CITY, N. J., Nov. 6.— Four
were killed and over 200 were injured in
the wreck of a Philadelphia local on the
Pennsylvania railway, which ran through
an open switch at Brunswick street junc-
tion, crashed into a dead yard engine and
piled up four cars in a heap of tangled
wreckage on Saturday.

Every ambulance, police patrol and fire
wagon available has been utilized to re-
move the injured, many of whom are seri-
ously hurt. The wreck took place on the
elevated structure upon which the Penn-
sylvania enters Jersey City, and the fire
department was needed to get the injured

to the street level that they might be hur-
ried to the hospitals.

The following are the dead:

JOHN MONROE, Perth Amboy, engi-
neer.

JOHN M'CLURE, Newark, N. J., fire-
man.

JOHN 8PILLE, Trenton, N. J., engi-
neer.

STENCIO DIOGOSIE, Jersey City,
track walker.

The list of injured, made at the various
hospitals, follows:

Max Donelson, 42 years old, New York,
bruised about body; unidentified man, suf-
fering from shock, probable internal in-
jury; F. H. Clark, Metuchen, N. J., cut
about face and head; George E. Siddell,
30 years old, Elizabeth, N. J.; Miss A. P.
Rook, 24 years old, Elizabeth; A. C. Alii-
son, 29 years old. New York; George L.
Tench, 35 years old, Newark; W. E. Wing,
27 years old, Allendale, N. J.

Fireman Daniel Meade, Newark, of the
light engine, jumped as the trains came
together and was unhurt. The police, on
investigation, foimd a broken rail on track
No. 3 at the scene of the accident, and
agreed that this was the cause of the wreck.

Towerman Williamson, who had been
arrested, charged with throwing the switch
and bringing the train and engine together,
was at once discharged.

The train left Philadelphia at 7: 58 Sat-
urday morning and was filled with com-
muters going to their work.

Engineer Monroe of the passenger train
was running at a good rate of speed to
make up time, and neither he nor his fire-
man had a chance to jump and save them-
selves.

The engine of the passenger train top-
pled over, part of it l3ring across the trestle
work, in imminent danger of crashing to
the street.

A passing policeman, hearing the crash,
turned in the alarm, and the reserves and
all ambulances possible were soon at hand,
extricating the injured, which was a difficult
task. Most of them were pinned down by
the wreckage.

In the mail car, which was directly be-

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

hind the engine, was more than $1,000,000
in specie, which was being transferred to
New York by the Adams Express com-
pany. A special guard was hurriedly placed
around this car.

When the wreck occurred, the Jersey
City station was crowded with men and
women about to leave for Princeton for
the Princeton-Dartmouth football game.
This crowd was thrown into great confu-
sion until the officials informed them that
they might proceed to their destination
via the Jersey Central railroad, the Penn-
^Ivania tracks being blocked.

At the hospitals it was reported that
none of those taken there were seriously
hurt, and that all would recover. The
bodies of the dead have been taken to
Hughes' morgue. The officials of the road
are investigating the cause of the wreck.

That a himdred were not killed was due
to the equipment of the cars. They were
of steel, with steel beams and concrete
flooring into which the seat frames were
set. When the cars toppled over, there
was no splintering of wood, and when the
windows were shattered, the glass flew
outward. Nearly all of the injured, as
soon as their hurts were attended to, left
the hospitals and resumed their journey
without giving their names.

FATAL RAILROAD COLLISION

Milwaukee News

New York, Dec. 31. — Spencer Trask, one
of the leading financiers of the United
States, was killed today by a freight train
running into the rear of the New York
Central passenger train on which he occu-
pied the drawing room section at the rear
end of the last car.

The accident occurred near Croton,
N. Y. One other passenger was seriously
injured, and the negro porter of the sleep-
ing car was also badly hurt. )\\ i *c-nr.

Mr. Trask, who was coming into the
city from his home at Saratoga, was dress-
ing in his compartment when the freight
train plowed into the heavy passenger
train, which is known as the Montreal

Express. When his torn body was re-
moved from the wreckage, it was found
that he had only partly dressed himself.

The express had been stopped by a
block signal, and why the freight behind
it was not stopped has not been explained.
The freight struck with such force as to
demolish the rear end of the last sleeper,
telescoping the front end with the sleeper
ahead.

Many of the occupants of the five
sleepers had not fully dressed, and they
were precipitated, half clad, into snow
banks, with the temperature far below the
freezing point.

Wrecking and relief trains were dis-
patched from the Harlem yards of the New
York Central, and officials of the company
hurried to the scene. Mr. Trask's body
was removed to the Croton morgue, and
the injured passenger and porter were
cared for by the local doctors. The pas-
senger was unable to tell his name.

Those injured were for the most part
in the smoking compartment at the ex-
treme rear of the sleeper, where a ^up of
passengers were gathered as the train pro-
ceeded down the river. Mr. Trask was on
his way to this city from his home in Sara-
toga. Engineer Flanagan of the freight
train stuck by his locomotive, but escaped
serious injury.

Failure of a brakeman to walk far
enough to the rear of the stalled Montreal
train to flag the freight in time, is said to
have caused the smashup.

The news of the banker's death had no
effect on the stock exchange, where prices
were slightly above the dose last night.

Spencer Trask, who was bom here in
1844, entered the banking business im-
mediately on his graduation from Prince-
ton. His fina.ncial acumen was quickly
recognized, and he soon became a power
in the banking world.

Mr. Trask was among the first to recog-
nize the genius of Thomas A. Edison, and
identified himself with the Edison electric
enterprises. The banker was a director in
many railroads and realty companies and
was deeply interested in educational and
philanthropic societies. Several years ago

3«

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

he bought and reorganized The New York
Times. He was president of the National
Arts club and a member of numerous other
prominent New York dubs. Mr. Trask
was married in 1874 to Miss Katrina
Nichols.

NoTB — The foUawino hoo atariea Bhould be
compared as reporU of the same aociderU given
in tiDO New York morning papers.

DIVEBS DIE IN SHIP'S HOLD

(1)
New York Tribune

Death followed triumphant achievement
with terrible swiftness for three men yes-
terday, when they were smothered in the
hold of the steamship H. M. Whitney, of
the Metropolitan outside line to Boston,
which they had helped to raise only a few
hours before after a month of hard work in
the raging currents of Hell Gate.

One, a diver, went down into the hold to
see if a patch he had put on the wrecked
bottom from the outside was holding well.
He died, it is supposed, as the poisonous
gases rose about him, and two more, going
after him to see why he did not return,
met the same fate.

It was not until three men lay dead in
the fetid hold, suffocated by the gases that
the cargo of hides, beer and perhaps half a
himdred other things gave off, that a glim-
mering of reason seemed to come to those
in chu^ of the work. Then the needless
sacrifice of more lives was prevented.
Some one took charge, and men equipped
with divers' helmets rescued two more men
who had gone down for their comrades, and
brought up the bodies of the dead.

Augustus Bjorklimd was the diver who
brou^t about the fatal ending of the day's
work. No one knows just why he wont
down into the hold, warned as he had been
to beware of the poisonous gases that al-
ways accumulate when a vessel has lain
long in the water, but the officials of the
Merritt-Chapman Wrecking Company sup-
pose that he wanted to see his work from
inside.

Reports of what happened next on the
Whitney were vague. While the men were
going down and dying, no one seemed to
know anything. There was no panic; there
was no excitement. Michael Menus, one
of the wrecking crew, apparently followed
Bjorklund to see if anything was wrong,
and died as he reached the bottom of the
hold, falling unconscious from the ladder
he descended. Then Herman Fabricius
went down, and he, too, died almost at
once.

John Hanson was the next man to go
down, with a rope and some caution this
time, for it was beginning to be realized
that something was amiss. Hanson came
back alive, but unconscious. Captain Eiv-
lin having realized that a disaster had come
upon the ship, divers went down and
saved Hanson's life, bringing up the bodies
of the three dead men besides.

That account of the tragedy is as much
as could be gleaned with any certainty
yesterday. It was hard enough to get
aboard the Whitney at all, and no one there
seemed to know much. The coroner's
office made a brief investigation yesterday
afternoon, and the bodies were removed to
an undertaking establishment in West 24th
street. The police found out little more
than the casual spectators who thronged
the pier.

The H. M. Whitney went aground in
Hell Gate on Middle Four Reef just a
month ago yesterday, and in the early
morning she was floated after long and
hard efforts. It had been a hard job, and
those who had accomplished it were more
than happy. The ship had been brought
down to East 102d street, and about all
the work that was being done was to keep
the pumps working. The lighters with the
huge derricks lay alongside, and when the
tragedy occurred many of the men in charge
g[ the work were at luncheon.

None of the men who died had orders to
go down mto the hold. This was dwelt on
with much emphasis by the officials of the
wrecking company. Captain. Eivlin, who
was in charge of the work, was arrested
and taken to the Harlem court, where
Magistrate Hemnan refused to do more

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

than remand him to the coroner. Appar-
ently no one in charge of the work could
have foreseen the accident and no one
could be held responsible.

Both Bjorklund and Fabricius lived at
Stapleton, Staten Island, and Menus lived
at 1 Atlantic avenue, Brooklyn. Supt.
Kivlin said that Bjorklund was one of the
most experienced divers in the company's
employ and he couldn't understand how
the man happened to venture into the gas-
ridden hold without testing it for the poi-
sonous vapors. ''With such a mixed cargo
as the Whitney is carrying submerged for
thirty-one days, it was certain to be almost
fatal for any one to go into the hold until
it had been thoroughly ventilated/' he
said. ''He should have taken the precau-
tion to drop down a lantern before he went
down himself."

Capt. Hone of the Henry M. Whitney
said yesterday that the damage to the
steamer can be repaired very quickly when
she gets into drydock. As a result of his
steamer's misfortune the Government has
decided to put a bell buoy on the reef.

The pilots of the Sound steamers
breathed easier yesterday afternoon when
they approached Hell Gate and found the
steamer out of the channel. The larger
vessels, especially the Fall River Line
steamers, have had a tight squeese some-
times, and in foggy weather it was exceed-
ingly dangerous to attempt the passage*

(2)
New York Sun

Nobody was hurt when the steamboat
H. M. Whitney went on Nigger Point reef,
Hell Gate, in a fog a month ago, but three
men were killed on her yesterday an hour
after she had been raised. She had been
pumped out by the Merritt-Chapman
Wrecking Company and floated over to
the foot of East 102 street. Three of the
wrecking crew went down the forward
hatchway into the hold, were overcome by
carbonic add fumes and were taken out
dead.

One was August Bjorklund, a veteran
r, vdio had patcheid up one of the big

holes in the^ide of the steamer. He took
with him Hennan Fabricius, a blacksmith,
and Michael Menus, a laborer. Supt.
Thomas Kivlin, in charge of the wreckers,
and Capt. George Hone of the Henry M.
Whitney had warned all the wreckers and
members of the crew that it would be un-
safe to venture into the hold until the air
had been purified.

The Whitney's cargo consisted mainly
of green hides, miscellaneous freight made
up largely of rubber, resin and molasses,
and a quantity of coal. Some 500 tons had
been taken out and yesterday 1,800 tons
remained. The divers had patched the
hole in the boat's bottom, and yesterday
morning, having pumped her out, the
wreckers got two immense chains under the
bow and stem of the Whitney, and she
was lifted almost out of the water by four
powerful floating derricks. Shortly before
noon the derricks headed for the Manhat-
tan shore and an hour later the freighter
was lying at the foot of 102d street.

The derricks had scarcely been tied up
there when Bjorklund and his two assis-
tants went down the second forward hatch-
way. No one saw them go, but a few min-
utes later one of the wreckers, happening
to pass the hatchway, looked down into
the hold and saw the three men stretched
out on the bottom. Supt. Kivlin was noti-
fied, and he called the members of his force
and the crew of the steamer around him.

"The man who goes down after those
men takes his life in his hand, but there
ought to be somebody here brave enough
to do it," said Kivlin. " If we can get them
out of that rotten gas promptly we may
save them."

There wasn't any response for a mo-
ment, but suddenly Diver Jack Hanson
worked his way through the little group
around the hatchway with a diver's helmet
over his head. Hanson didn't speak until
he had taken half a dozen steps down the
ladder, when he said:

"I guess I'm about the best friend Gus
Bjorklund had, and if ihe boys will keep
me supplied with air I'll get those poor fel-
lows out as quickly as any one could."

He tied a rope around Bjorklund's

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

shoulders, and while Bjorklund was being
pulled up on deck two more ropes were
thrown to Hanson. He secured the ropes
around Menus and Fabiicius, and in ten
minutes all three men were on deck and
were receiving first aid treatment. Ambu-
lances were sent for, but it was nearly half
an hour before Dr. Moeckel of the Harlem
Hospital arrived. The three men were dead
then. Supt. Eivlin was arrested and taken
before Coronor AcriteUi, who released him
to appear at the inquest.

SHIPS COLLIDE IN FOG

Boston Transcript

In a fog bank that had closed in only
about twenty minutes before, the four-
masted schooner Alma E. A. Holmes of
Philadelphia was rammed and sunk by the
Eastern Steamship Corporation steamer
Belfast, just outside of Graves Light,
shortly after six o'clock this morning. That
no lives were lost was imdoubtedly due to
the action of Captain Frank Brown of the
Belfast, who held the bow of the steamer
in the hole in the schooner's side until
Captain Henry A. Smith and the eight
members of the crew had climbed aboard
the Belfast. Two minutes after the Belfast
backed away, the Holmes, which had been
struck on the starboard side between the
fore and mainmasts, plunged bow first to
the bottom, her stem lifting so high out of
the water that about twenty feet of the keel
was visible to those on the steamer.

The Belfast, with about 150 passengers,
was on the way here from Bangor and
Penobscot River ports. The weather had
been thick all night, and Captain Brown
had been constantly on duty in the pilot
house. Shortly before the collision occurred
those on the Belfast heard the schooner's
fog horn sounding at intervals. The steam-
er, too, was sounding her whistle, when out
of the fog and directly ahead appeared the
Hohnes. At the first glimpse Captain
Brown ordered the engines reversed. The
distance between the vessels, however, was
too short, and a moment later the sharp

stem of the . Belfast cut through the
schooner's side.

Frightened passengers hurried out on
deck as they fedt the shock of the collision,
but within a few minutes they were as-
sured by members of the crew that they
were in no danger. Many, nevertheless,
feared that the Belfast was going to sink.
Meantime, Captain Brown hdd the steam-
er's bow where it was, as he realized that
the damage was serious and that the
schooner, laden deep as she was with coal,
would go down quickly if the sea was per-
mitted to rush in. '

Meanwhile, the skipper and crew of the
schooner had got on deck, two or three of
the sailors in scanty attire, as they did not
have time to dress after being roused from
their bunks. Captain Smith was on deck
when the accident happened, and perceived
when the steamer was sighted that the
collision was bound to occur. He shouted
for all of the crew to come on deck, and
nearly all responded before the crash.

While passengers crowded forward on
the decks of the Belfast, a ladder was let
down to the deck of the schooner, and one
after the other the crew of the Holmes
climbed to safety. Captain Smith had some
difficulty in impressing some of the crew
with the necessity of quick action, one man
being particularly stubborn. The rescue
was accomplished in about ten minutes,
according to Captain Brown of the Bel-
fast, and then the steamer backed away.
As she withdrew from the hole in the
schooner's side, it^ was seen that the Bel-
fast's stem had been twisted over to port.
Otherwise she was apparently undam-
aged, and was not leaking, according to
Captain Brown, after she docked at India
Wharf.

The sight of the schooner going to the
bottom was one that the passengers will
remember. In Captain Brown's opinion it
was spectacular, in view of the manner in
which the craft seemed to stand on her
head, with the stem rearing almost straight
out of the water, until she disappeared be-
neath the surface. Every one of the pas-
sengers praised Captain Brown hi^y for
the manner in whidi he handled the situa-

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

tion and rescued the shipwrecked men.
According to Captain Brown of the Belfast,
the collision took place about four and one-
half miles northeast of the dumping ground
buoy outside of Graves Light, and the
schooner sank in about twenty fathoms of
water. Neither he nor Captain Smith cared
to make any statement regarding responsi-
bility for the accident. An investigation to
determine this will be made by the United
States Steamboat Inspectors.

The Alma E. A. Hplmes was bound from
Norfolk to Salem with 1819 tons of coal.
She sailed from Norfolk a week ago Wed-
nesday. She was a craft of 1208 tons gross
register, 1069 net, 202 feet long, 41 feet
beam and 18 feet deep, and was built at
Camden, Me., in 1896. Joseph Holmes,
St., of Toms Eiver, N. J., was the owner.

BOAT BATTERED IN GALE

PkUaddpkia Ledger

ATLANTIC CITY, Nov. 20.--As gal-
lant a fight as South Coast mariners have
put up in many a day, with life as the
stake, was made by the skipper and crew
of the Drake, one of the fastest and smart-
est of the Inlet fishing fleet. Coast guards
hardly knew her when she staggered into
port this afternoon, battered and torn, a
leaking scarecrow of her former trim self.

On board Mark Broome, master, Tom-
kins, the mate, and the nine members of
the crew were in much the same state as
their vessel. All hands were half dead from
loss of sleep and completely worn out after
a 36-hour battle with the gale that swept
the Atlantic yesterday.

The Drake was making a full speed ahead
plunge for Absecon late Thursday night,
when the gale, ripping up the coast, struck
her. There was nothing to do but turn and
fly before the tempest, with everybody
aboard hoping they might escape the
treacherous shoals running miles seaward
of Brigantine.

Then, to make matters worse, the Drake's
engine janmied and went out of commission
and Tomkins, the mate, almost was swept
overboard by a boom, while he clung to

the bowsprit trjdng to pour oil on the
waves. Broome, the skipper, saw his mate's
peril, and his presence of mind saved Tom-
kins from going into the sea.

It looked for a time last night, when the
Drake sprung a leak, as if the staunch craft
never would see harbor again. Everybody
took turns at the pumps, except Broome,
who stood over his flagging men, keeping
them awake when exhaustion gripped
them. The Drake was minus half her cargo
of fish when she finally came in over the
bar today.

FATAL SHIPWRECK

New York Times

ASTORIA, Ore., Sept. 19.— Between
seventy and eighty men, women, and chil-
dren, coastwise passengers and crew, were
drowned late yesterday when the three-
masted schooner Francis H. Leggett was
pounded to pieces in a gale sixty miles
from the mouth of the Columbia River.

Two men were rescued by passing
steamers and carried to Astoria and Port-
land. They told how the sea tore the
vessel to pieces, and how the passengers
were drowned, a boat load at a time, as the
lifeboats capsized, or met their fate a little
later when the vessel turned over.

Alexander Farrell, a survivor, said that,
at the height of the storm, Capt. J. Jensen
of San Francisco, a passenger, who had lost
his own ship six months ago and had been
marooned for four months on an uninhab-
ited island, went to the aid of Capt. Moro
of the Le^ett, took command of the pas-
sengers, and controlled them until he sank
with the schooner.

The schooner's wireless, on a route alive
with ships, raised only the Japanese cruiser
Idziuno, and sank hours before any craft
reached her position. The steamer Beaver,
which caught the Idzumo's report of the
Leggett's distress, said that ^e Idzumo
gave no position for the distressed vessel.
She asked for more details, but got no re-
sponse from the warship.

Plimging on her course for the Columbia
River« the Beaver ran upon the oil tanker

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Buck, standing by a swirl of wreckage and
timber which inc&cated where the Leggett
had sunk. The Buck transferred Farrell to
the Beaver for treatment. She remained
for some time searching for bodies afloat,
or for some other men, who, like Farrell,
might have been fortunate enough to seize
a bit of lumber and strong enough to cling
to it for many hours in the icy water.

The other rescued passenger, George H.
Pullman of Winnipeg, Canada, is on board
the Buck, which now is lying off the Colum-
bia bar awaiting calmer weather before
crossing in.

It is believed that Capt. Moro of the
Leggett was washed overboard shortly be-
fore the ship sank, for it was Capt. Jensen,
Farrell said, who was in charge of a futile
attempt to launch two lifeboats, which
foundered as soon as they struck the water.

Farrell, who had recovered considerably
tonight from his exhaustion, said that the
Leggett carried a full list of passengers,
between forty and fifty, while the crew
numbered about twenty-five. Among the
passengers were six women, a girl and a
boy, including the Captain's wife, the
mate's wife, and the wife of Capt. Aiider-
son of the schooner Carrie Dove.

"We left Grey's Harbor Wednesday
morning," said Farrell. "Later the sea
became rough. The Leggett began to
pound heavily and the Captain gave orders
to jettison the deck load. Then the seas
swept off the hatches, and the hold be-
gan to fill. Capt. Jensen ordered the pas-
sengers into their cabins, and many were
still there when the boat went down.

"When it was' seen that there was no
hope for the vessel, Ci4>t. Jensen ordered
the lifeboats launched. In the first boat
there were thirty persons, two of whom
were women. There were only six women
on board, and the other four were not at
that end of the ship when the boat was
launched.

"As soon as the boat'struck the water
it capsized, and all the occupants were
thrown into the sea and drowned. -^^^ ^'^ -

"A few minutes later an attempt was
made to launch the second lifeboat. It
contained four women and their husbands.

The boat met the same fate as the other
boat.

"I was standing on the bridge when the
ship went down. The boat capsized as she
sank. I don't know how long I was under
water, but when I came to the top I
^bbed a railroad tie and hung on. The
wireless operator was also hanging to the
tie. I saw men sinking all aroimd me, but
could not hear their cries owing to the
screeching gale.

"It soon became dark, but it was 1
o'clock in the morning when the Beaver
picked me up. The wireless operator dimg
to the tie with me for several hours, and
then, benumbed by cold, he dropped off.
No one was to blame for the wreck. The
boat was unable to stand the storm."

The Leggett was a three-masted schooner
of 1,606 tons gross registry and a capacity
of 1,500,000 feet of lumber. She was oper-
ated by the Charles R. McCormick Com-
pany of San Francisco.

Note — The foUawing hoo atoriea iUuatrate
different arrangemerUe of the same material and
were probably telegraphed by different newB
cuaociationa,

EXPLOSION IN MINE

(1)
San Francisco Examiner

MARIANNA (Pa.), November 28.—
Within three minutes after a State mine
inspector and the mine superintendent had
returned from an inspection of the district,
the model Marianna mine of the Pittsburg-
Buffalo Coal Company was blown up by
an explosion to-day.

At midnight the rescuers, penetrating
through a portion of the shaft, came upon
the bodies of 142 men, most of whom had
been killed instantaneously by the debris
flung upon them by the explosion. Many
of the remains were badly mangled. Eight-
een bodies were immediately carried to the
top of the shaft, where they were encof-
fined. Six others, killed at the top of the
shaft, had been previously recovered.

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

Whether any more remain in the ¥nrecked
mine will not be known until morning.

When she learned that her husband was
among the dead, Mrs. Joseph Jones broke
through the guard of fifty State constabu-
lary and attempted to dash herself to the
bottom of the mine. She was caught and
restrained just as she was about to make
the fatal jump. Mrs. George Acker became
violently insane when she heard that her
husband was in the mine, and was arrested
and placed under restraint.

At 1 o'clock Peter Arnold, an American,
was brought out of the Rachel shaft alive.
Joseph Kearney, one of the rescuers, re-
ported that others were living.

The Marianna mine, which had been in
operation less than three months, was con-
sidered the model mine of the world.
Every device known to modem invention
had been installed to prevent just such a
tragedy as occurred to-day. But, wrecked
by a mysterious explosion, the very ma-
chinery which was to have made accident
impossible hampered the rescuers at their
work. They did not understand the won-
derful mechanism which bolstered the great
mine with such a network of contrivances,
and they were delayed in the attempt to
bore through to the bodies of the men ly-
ing dead in the bottom of the shaft.

The explosion came just before the noon
hour in the Rachel shaft. It was so ter-
rific that the blast, blowing up the whole
length of the deep shaft, tore loose the
giant elevator cage at the surface of the
mine and hurled it 300 feet away.

Two men were in the cage at the time.
Both were instantly killed, the head of one
of them being literally blown off.

Lnmediately following the explosion,
rescuers began frantically to burrow at the
mouth of the mine in a futile effort to dig
down through the tremendous masses of
coal that blocked the upper reaches of the
shaft, while other rescuers, headed by
President John K. Jones, of the Pittsburg-
Buffalo Coal Company, rushed to the
scene in special trains from Pittsburg and
Monongahela with the latest appliances,
which were erected at the head of the
shaft to bore to the entombed men.

Five thousand women and children and
miners thronged the mouth of the mine,
the former weeping piteously and pleading
for the rescue of their fathers or broth-
ers.

The officials of the mine are in a pitiful
condition. They have spent hundreds of
thousands of dollars to make the Marianna
fireproof, and experts have assured them
that such a disaster as occurred to-day
was impossible. In the excitement and
panic it is impossible thus far to leam the
names of the victims. But the books of the
company indicate that the majority of the
275 buried in the Rachel are Americans
and that most of the others are English
miners imported by the company two
months ago to work the richest shafts.

(2)
Chicago Record-Herald

PITTSBURG, Nov. 28.— Two hundred
and seventy-five men, a majority of them
Americans, are believed all to have per-
ished in an explosion which wrecked the
mine of the Pittsburg-Buffalo Coal Com-
pany at Marianna, Washington County,
shortly before noon to-day. Marianna is
considered the model mining town of the
world, and the mine itself was claimed to
be as nearly perfect in equipment as modem
science could devise.

Since the blast entombed all the men in
the mine, smoke has been issuing from the
shaft, showing that the workings are afire,
and rescuers who entered were compelled,
after progressing only a short distance, to
retreat on account of the intense heat.

The explosion happened at 11 : 30 o'clock
this morning, when the full force th» at
work. The explosion was terrific, and if
all in the mine were not mangled by its
force, it seems certain that they perished
in the subsequent fire or were suffocated
by the deadly fumes.

The force of the explosion can be imag-
ined when it is known that the heavy iron
cage which carried the men from the sur-
face to the workings was blown 300 feet
away from the mouth of the shaft. Two
men who were in the cage at the time were

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

killed, the head of one of them being blown
off.

Three foreigners who were at the mouth
of the mine when the explosion occurred
are in the hospital in a critical condition
from injuries received when the mine cage
was blown out of the shaft. They also in-
haled the poisonous fumes.

The fanhouse was partly demolished and
the fans stopped for over an hour.

The explosion was in shaft No. 2. The
only way to reach the workings is through
that shaft, as shaft No. I is not completed.
Some of the officials of the coal company
believe it will be necessary to dig throu^
800 feet of solid coal before they can reach
the workings.

State Mine Inspector Louttit and Mine
Foreman Kennedy had just completed a
two days' examination of the mine, and had
come from the mine only three minutes
before the explosion occuired.

When the town was shaken by the blast,
all the people rushed from their houses.
Learning of the extent of the disaster, the
members of the families of the doomed men
rushed to the mouth of the mine, and a
pathetic scene followed. Wives, mothers
and relatives of the men are gathered about,
and their cries are pitiful.

It is said there is a large gas well in the
vicinity of the mine. Whether the gas from
this well was communicated to the mine
and became ignited, or whether powder and
dynamite used for blasting purposes ex-
ploded, cannot now be ascertained.

Rushing as fast as steam could carry
them, special trains from this city and
Monongahela went to the scene of the dis-
aster. On them were officials of the coal
company and many prominent miners who
are considered experts in the work of res-
cue. The latest appliances from the new
United States laboratory in this city, which
were recently tested before foreign and
American experts, for the saving of life in
mine explosions, were hurried to the mine.

John H. Jones, president of the Pitts-
burg-Buffalo Coal Company, was almost a
physical wreck when he learned of the ac-
cident. He trembled in every limb and
could scarcely speak. Accompanied by

other officials of the company, and by
J. W. Paul of the United States mine test-
ing station located here. President Jones
went at once to the scene in a special train.

Two assistants accompanied Mr. Paul,
canning patented helmets that make work
possible in the most dangerous mine.
With these men Mr. Paul expected to be
able to save many lives.

Early reports as to the number of vic-
tints of the disaster varied greatly. The
mine officials first claimed that not more
than 100 men could have been caught, but
it now is certain that 275 were at work at
the time and that none in the shaft escaped.

State Mine Inspector Louttit and Mine
Foreman Kennedy, who' had just com-
pleted a two days' examination of the
mine, declared that they had found it in
perfect condition. At the present time,
they say, it is impossible to state whether
the explosion was caused by gas or by a
powder explosion. Mr. Jones, president of
the company, stated that almost the entire
force of men were in the mine at the time
of the explosion, but he did not know the
full extent of the casualties.

Marianna was built recently by the
Pittsburg-Buffalo Coal Company. It ne-
cessitated a great outlay of money, as it
was the intention to make the mine up to
date and the living conditions of the miners
the same as could be secured in a large city.
The houses were of brick construction, and
each contained a bathroom. When com-
pleted the town was said by foreign and
American mine officials to be the most per-
fect mining town in the world.

ENTOMBED MINERS

Kansas City Times

JopLiN, Mo., June 18. — ^The occasional
"rap-rap-rap" which has encouraged the
men who are battling with the tons of rock
and earth imprisoning two men in the
Longacre-Chapman mine ceased yester-
day afternoon. Daniel Hardendorf and
Reed Taylor, the men who are buried,
have now been in the mine since 6 o'clock
last Friday night. There is hope yet for

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

their rescue, but that hope grows weaker
as the night wears on.

The best shovelers in the Joplin district,
150 of them, are working quietly, fever-
ishly, knowing that every minute lost
means that much less chance of rescuing
the men. They work with strained nerves,
in squads of eight which enter the shaft,
then come up at the end of two hours com-
pletely exhausted.

A crowd of about five hundred persons,
miners, friends and relatives, are at the
mouth of the shaft. It^s a strange, pathetic
crowd, alternately weeping and praying.

Through this crowd tonight four big,
pale men elbowed their way. They were
William Lester, Roy Woodmansee, Ed-
ward Spencer and A. H. Harwood, miners
who were taken from the shaft Tuesday
night after having been entombed them-
selves four days in another part of the mine.
They pleaded to be allowed to help in the
rescue work.

" Let us save them. It's hell down there,
poor fellows," one said grimly.

A tragic figure in the crowd is Mrs. Har-
dendorf, wife of one of the entombed men.
As the ehUis of men go down she stands by
and pleads with them to exert every effort.
When the men, exhausted by their efforts,
come up to be relieved, she works with the
other women, passing around coffee and
food.

Thirty-five feet of rock and earth sepa-
rate the entombed miners from hberty.
The two men have been without food,
water or air more than eight da3rs now.
When the tapping ceased yesterday after-
noon many i^ook their heads.

"They are dead," they say sadlyx

But the crowd about the shaft never
diminishes and the shovelers never quit.

"Maybe they have gone farther into the
drift to get better air," some say hope-
fuDy.

About $1,500 has been raised by popular
Busbcriptions to pay the men who are help-
ing in the rescue work. The amount soon
will be increased.

Experienced miners say it will be late
Batupday night or early Sunday morning
before the tons of rocks and earth can be

shoveled away. If the buried miners have
fainted from lack of air, there is httle hope
of reaching them ahve. But if they have
gone back farther in the drift they can be
saved.

FALL FROM SCAFFOLD

New York Times

Because he had refused to take a seri-
ously injured man in his automobile to
St. Luke's Hospital yesterday afternoon,
the chauffeur of a machine standing out-
side of South Field, opposite Columbia
University Libraiy, was set upon by a
crowd of Yale and Columbia University
students and threatened with bodily in-
jury unless he did so. Thoroughly fright-
ened, the chauffeur consented to take the
injured man to the hospital, where his
condition is said to be serious.

The injured man was Peter Bunn, a
bricklayer, of No. 231 East 80th street,
who was working on Kent Hall, a new
Columbia University building, at 116th
street and Amsterdam avenue. Bunn and
his brother John were on a scaffolding on
the third floor of the building, overlooking
South Field, the athletic field of the uni-
versity, where Yale and Columbia were
playing a game of baseball.

As the crowds began to leave the field,
the two men shouted from their high perch
and imitated the cheers of the students.
While they were jimiping about on the
platform of the scaffold, it swung far out
from the wall, and Peter Jell to the ground.

TWO BOYS DROWN

Chicago Tribune'^

Joseph Tordio, 19 years old, of 020
Townsend street, tried to save Albert Ar-
rigo, 8 years old, of 457 West Superior
street, from drowning in the north branch
of the river at Superior street last night.
Both drowned.

Arrigo, a mere stripling, was fishing. He
lost his balance and toppled from the pier.
Screams of his brother, Charles, 12 years

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

old, attracted Tordio. He threw off his
shoes, coat, and hat and jumped in. For
fifteen minutes the battle with death ran on.

Tordio did not know the science of res-
cuing a drowning person. He might have
stunned the boy and got back to the pier.
But he merely used his muscle. Then the
little boy, in a death grapple, tightened his
arms around Tordio like two small bands
of steel.

The larger boy tired. The murky water
ran over his face. For an instant he
thought he might lose. That was his un-
doing. Fear unnerved him. He fought in a
frenzy. They went down together, the
younger boy strangling but still clasping
his two small bands of steel around the
rescuer's body.

They came up, or Tordio's face did.
With the terror of death on him, Tordio
made a last desperate effort. It failed. He
opened his mouth to call for help, but the
voice was drowned with the gurgling water.
He quit. His hands went up in a last act of
despair. Then they went down. In a mo-
ment there Was nothing on the water at
that point save a few tiny waves and a few
bubbles.

The police came with grappling hooks.
The body of little Arrigo was recovered.
The doctors worked for an hour to drive
air back into the water bloated lungs. It
was futile.

Tordio's body is still on the floor of the
river somewhere. He did not know the boy
he tried to save.

INVESTIGATION OF CAUSE OF
DROWNING

Boston Herald

The city authorities, the police and the
district attorney have been asked to in-
vestigate conditions at the deserted wharf
on Albany street at the foot of Union Park
where one boy was drowned on Tuesday
afternoon and another narrowly escaped
drowning on the morning of the same day.
Residents of the neighborhood say that in
the last decade the place has claimed no
less than seven victims and has been the

scene of a score of accidents more or less
serious.

So far no one directly responsible for the
recurring fatalities has been found. The
premises are private property, the boys who
frequent the place are trespassers under
the law, the city believes that it has no
right to interfere and the police of the dis-
trict say that the only way they could deal
with the situation would be to have an
officer stationed on the ground day and
night.

With a frontage of some 200 feet on
Albany street the lot extends back over a
grass-grown area about 50 feet to the
South bay. At the edge of the water are
the ruins of an old pier, a stretch of broken
boards and a group of broken piles.

The whole place is absolutely open to
the street and is unguarded by fence or
barrier of any kind. It has all the attrac-
tions of a playground and swimming hole
and is doubly alluring to the lads of the
neighborhood owing to the fact that they
have been warned off from time to time by
the police.

All during the summer scores of boys of
all ages, but chiefly between 5 and 14 years,
haunt the old wharf, jumping from pile to
pile or taking an occasional dip when the
officer on the beat is not looking. From
the shore the channel shelves down sharply
to a depth of about 30 feet.

The nature of the danger was shown
Tuesday afternoon. Alexander Penney,
the 7-year-old son of Alexander Penney of
114 Maiden street, while pla3ring fireman
with several companions among the piles,
slipped and fell into the water. His body
disappeared and was not found until it
was picked up yesterday morning near the
Dover street bridge by the crew of the
policeboat Watchman.

In the morning of the same day Arthur
York, 5 years old, of Albany street, stum-
bled overboard and was rescued with con-
siderable difficulty by John Melanphy,
who was forced to dive before he could
bring the boy to the siurface.

Similar accidents have happened in the
past with such frequency that the citizens
of the neighborhood are demanding that

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

some action be taken to dose the wharf
and keep the children away from it. Jo-
seph E. Ferreira of 1 Pelham street, a
business man, well known politically in the
section, circulated a petition asking the
city to take action. There were over 250
signers, but when the petition was pre-
sented to the mayor it was found that the
city had no legal right to act. Mr. Ferreira
has since appealed to the district attorney
and to the police in an attempt to have the
wharf fenced in.

Mayor Fitzgerald paid a personal visit
to the scene of Tue8da3r's accidents yester-
day morning. He looked over the grpimd
carefully and interviewed numerous small
boys who had been attracted to the spot.
Several of them were pla3ring about the
wharf end, apparently unmindful of the
danger.

''The situation here is a deplorable one,"
said Mayor Fitzgerald, ''but up to the
present I have been unable to discover any
way in which the city can act. The prem-
ises are privately owned, and the city, so
far as I am informed, has no right to fence
the place in or otherwise block it from the
street.

"Something should be done, however,
to prevent the recurrence of drowning
accidents. It would seem that much of the
trouble would be obviated if the owners
would consent to erect a high board fence.
I believe also that the police might be a bit
more vigilant, althouj^ I realize that the
only sure way to keep boys off a lot like
this would be to have an officer stationed
here all the time.

"The place as it stands is a temptation
to every child who loves the water. In the
hot weather it is boimd to lure about every
healthy boy in the vicinity. If funds were
available, I should suggest that the happi-
est solution of the difficulty would be for
the city to take the land over and trans-
form it into a bathing park. The neigh-
borhood is crowded and the nearest public
bathing place is at Dover street.

"The accident caUs attention to the
relatively small number of our boys that
can swim. I have always advocated swim-
ming instruction for our children, and the

fatality of Tuesday only emphasises the
need of it."

Mayor Fitzgerald allowed himself to be
photographed at the spot where the acci-
dent occurred, and as he did so seven ur-
chins grouped themselves about him. Six
of them were under 10 years and the other
13 years old.

"How many of you boys can swim?"
asked the mayor.

The six younger boys shook their heads
and the oldest admitted that he could "a
little."

"That is a fair example of conditions,"
said Mayor Fitzgerald, "and a good argu-
ment against allowing a place like this to
exist."

The property has been idle for a number
of years and is said to have been the sub-
ject of litigation. The assessors^ books
give the owners of the property as Grant
and Alice Nilson, neither of whom is a
resident of Boston.

If the owners do not take measures to
shut the old wharf from the street, Mr.
Ferreira and a number of other South End
residents say they will appeal to the courts
in an effort to secure a remedy.

BOY SAVES DROWNING MAN

New York World

Johnny Donivan, fifteen years old. No.
2005 Second avenue, went down to the
Battery yesterday to look for a job, and
the only job he found was to save a man
from drowning. Johnny had no objection
to saving a drowning man, but was much
disappointed at not finding work, for his fa-
ther has been out of a job since last Christ-
mas, and there are eight in the family.

Daniel Wilson, who has been a deep-sea
fireman, went to sleep on a pier and rolled
off into the bay, striking his head on a rock.
Then he floated seaward.

Johnny Donivan jumped in after Wilson.
With both hands the fireman grabbed
the boy so tightly aroimd the throat that
he almost squeezed the breath out of him.

Johnny seized the man around the waist,
was pulled under water twice, but swam

4«

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

with Wilson to the pier, where the Liberty
Island steamer makes fast. Policeman
Joseph Murry hauled them out.

John Brown, watchman in the Barge
OfiGioe, lent Jolmny Donivan his old shirt
and trousers while the boy's raiment was
drying in the sunshine. Johnny said he had
a pla^ in a picture frame store in Beaver
street until eight weeks ago when he was
let out. The only one in the family work-
ing is one of Johnny's sisters, and she earns
$3 a week as a dressmaker's apprentice. A
year ago he dived into the East River at
One Hundred and Second street and saved
a ten-year-old boy from drowning. On
that occasion a policeman gave him five
cents so he woulchi't have to walk home.

BABY DROWNS

Brooklyn Eagle

Mrs. Rose Stock left her rooms, on the
second floor of 550 South avenue, at 10
o'clock this morning to step across the
street to make some purchases at a gro-
cery store. As she closed the door, the
baby, Harriet, 3 months old, was sleeping
quietly in its crib, and Louis, 5 years old,
with Dorothy, 3 years old, her other chil-
dren, were playing.

Scarcely had the mother gone when an
idea seized one of the two. It was probably
Louis, although he credited Dorothy with
it when asked about it. Why not ts^e the
baby out of its crib and give it a bath in
the tub, as they had seen mother do so
often? It was a brilliant thought. So Louis
went and fetched the baby and took it to
the bathroom.

The tub was full of water and clothes,
for Mrs. Stock had been washing there the
night before, and had not finisl^ soaking
the clothes. They set the baby in the
water, whidi was about a foot deep. The
baby gasped, gurgled and was still. It did
not appear to enter into the spirit of the
game at all.

Louis had never seen the baby so quiet
before when its mother bathed it. He
could not quite make out just what was
wrong, but a vague f ordi)oding that he had

done something he ought not to came over
him. He ran out into the hall and met his
mother returning with her arms laden with
groceries for the diimer hour.

"Oh, mamal" he cried, ''the baby is in
the water."

Mrs. Stock ran up the stairs, but before
she got there Mrs. Rose Leiser, a next-door
neighbor, had lifted little Harriet out of
the tub and laid her on the bed.

Dr. Joseph Strong of 566 Waite avenue
was called in and tried artificial respiration.
Every time he moved the little arms a jet
of water gushed from the baby's mouth.
His efforts were in vain.

When a reporter called at the little home
some time later, Mrs. Stock was seated in
one room surround^ by a semicircle of
sympathizing neighbors, and in the next
room Louis, who has sunny Lord Faunt-
leroy curls and a dimpled face, was down
on his knees looking through a photograph
album. He looked up at the visitor with
steady blue eyes and a smile when he was
asked who put the baby in the water.

"Dorey did," he replied.

"Where is the baby now?"

"I know," he said. "It's on the bed.
It's sleeping."

Then he turned to his photogn^h album,
but when a search was made for little
Dorothy, he led the way up the stairs and
showed the visitor how to open the door.

Brown-haired Dorothy, with ear-rings
in her ears, hid her face behind the skirts
of a neighbor. She thought the man who
came was going to take her away some-
where, and she hung her head.

"Louis put the baby in the water," she
said. That was all she seemed to know
about it. Louis laughed and went back to
his album. He could not understand why
his mother was crying so in the next room.
Wasn't the baby on the bed just as she
had left it?

SHOOTING ACCIDENT

Chicago Tribune

Elgin, HI., Oct. 28.— [Special.]— Walter
Black, 17 year old son of August Black of
416 Carroll street, came home from a

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

«'

hunting trip at 7 o'clock tonight and stood
his single barrel shotgun up in a comer of
the kitchen.

"Big bruwer's a sojer/' lisped Harold
Black, 5 years old.

"Naw, there ain't any war in Elgin/'
replied August, aged 11.

Walter went upstairs to change his
clothing. Harold went to the comer and
attempted to drag the heavy gun along.
Le's play sojers," he said.
'You ain't big enough to carry the gun/'
retorted August. "Let me take it."

August took the gun, swung it across his
shoulder, and marched aroimd the kitchen
shouting "Hep I Hepl" with Harold com-
posing the rear guard of the army.

"Now we're at the war," sang out Au-
gust. He turned suddenly and pointed the
weapon at Harold, his finger on the trigger.
There was a roar and a spit of flame. The
muzzle was only a few inches from the head
of the younger boy. He fell dead with the
whole charge in his head.

Mrs. Black ran to the kitchen and
fainted when she saw what had happened.
An inquest wiQ be held tomorrow morn-
ing at 9 o'clock.

NoTB — The foUomng three stories pub-
lished in MUwavkee evening papers slunild be
compared as different versions of the same incir
dent in a suburb,

SEARCH FOR LOST CHILD

(1)
MUvxivkee Evening Wisconsin

WEST ALLIS, Oct. 21.— After 2000
residents of West Allis had spent an entire
night searching for Walter, the 18-months'-
old son of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Strong, 5402
Fargo avenue, the Httle fellow was f oimd
sleeping in a coal bin in the basement of the
home of Mrs. Johanna Bitter, Fifty-fourth
and Fargo avenues.

The little lad had wandoed away from
his father's yard on Friday afternoon and
reached the yard of Mrs. Bitter. While
at play near a basement window he prob-
ably tumbled through to the coal below.

There he slept soundly until early this
morning, when he was found by Mrs.
Bitter when she went to the basement to
dean out the bin. She picked the child up
and carried him in her arms to the home of
the distracted mother, who had been wait-
ing and watching all through the night for
the return of her baby.

With a cry of joy she seized him and
clasped him to her breast and imprinted kiss
after kiss upon his face. The father, who,
with a party of neighbors, had been search-
ing every comer of the village, was notified
and hurried to his home to see his boy. '^■

Walter was playing on Friday af temoon
with his brother Willie in the back yard
of the home. About 3 o'clock Willie went
into the house, and his mother asked where
Walter was. The brother told her that he
was playing in the yard. She was enter-
taining visitors and forgot about the lad
until after 4 o'clock.

When she went into the yard, the boy
was not there. She searched through the
neighborhoood for a time and then notified
her husband, who works at the Alli&-
Chalmers plant. He organized a searching
party and spent the entire night with al-
most 2000 others in trying to locate tibe
baby.

At first it was feared that the child had
been kidnaped, as a man with a young
child was seen driving down Fargo avenue
shortly after the Strong child was missed
by the mother.

(2)
MUwavkee News

He was such a little chap — only 18
months old — and when he started out yes-
terday to take bis pedestrian exercises, in
which he had not progressed very far, he
met with a mishap in tumbling through the
basement window of a neighbor's house
into the coal bin.

His parents, Mr. and Mrs, Ernest
Strong, Fift3rfourth and Fargo avenues,
called him Bootsie. When Bootsie foimd
himself in a pile of coal, it tickled his child-
ish fancy to leam what beautiful black
marks the coal made on his hands. _<^

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

He tired of playing with the coal, roUed
over and went sound asleep. Then the
trouble started. An older brother who had
been left in the yard to watch the baby,
came into the house alone.

''Where's Bootsie?" the mother asked.

The little fellow shook his head and said
he didn't know. The mother ran to the
yard. No Bootsie was in sight. Inquiries
were made among the neighbors. Then
the news of the mysterious disappearance
of Bootsie traveled from mouth to mouth
until West Allis became aroused.

Deputy sheriffs got busy; the West Allis
police force was brought out; neighbors,
relatives and friends to the number of al-
most 1,000 gathered near the home.

The father came home to supper, learned
of his son's disappearance and was puzzled.
Mrs. Strong wept and at times was on the
verge of hysteria. Women called and tried
to comfort her.

Then a searching party of many hundred
started over the territory, ''with a fine
tooth comb," the police said, to look for
Bootsie.

Ponds in the neighborhood were dragged,
and until far into the night, lanterns could
be seen bobbing over the fields, going here,
there, everywhere, searching for Bootsie
Walter Strong, youngest son of Mr. and
Mrs. Ernest Strong.

Then someone brought in a dew. An
evil-looking man with a black mustache
and smoking a cigarette was seen driving
through West Allis about 6 o'clock in the
evening. He had a child on his knees.

The child answered the description of
Bootsie. He was crying and struggling to
get away. The black mustached man
leered at people in driving by and dis-
appeared.

The child had been kidnaped I There
was no use denying it. Had not the clew
been almost conclusive? By midnight the
search for Bootsie had been abandoned.
Searchers returned home disheartened.

About 5 o'clock this morning Mrs. Jo-
hanna Bitter, who lives at 5418 Fargo
avenue on property adjoining the Strong
home, went to the basement to get some
potatoes.

There on top of the coal pile was Bootsie
— ^he of the mysterious disappearance —
sound asleep, with his mouth open. The
child was carried home by Mrs. Bitter,
and when the crowd of last night's search-
ers called at the Strong home again this
morning, it was met bythewide^yed Boot-
sie, munching on a cookie, with evidence
of coal dust still lingering in his golden
hair.

(3)
Milwaukee Journal

If Walter Strong, 18 months, 5402 Fargo-
av. West Allis, were to try and make up
during the next four years the sleep that
he caused to be lost Friday night, he would
fail. It would be impossible because 2,000
nights o' sleep went a-glimmering in the
twelve hours of darkness.

But that doesn't worry Walter Strong,
18 months. Not at all. That sleep didn't
belong to him, but was the property of
2,000 neighbors.

Friday afternoon, when the baby's
father, Ernest Strong, was at work in the
Allis-Chalmers plant and his mother, Mrs.
Anna Strong, was busy with her household
duties, young Walter toddled out into the
yard in front of his home. That yard, the
street beyond and the highwa3rs and by-
ways that Walter could indistinctly see
stretehing out before him, were to him
as were the unexplored new worlds to
Columbus.

It was 3 p. m. when Walter began his
journey. At 6 p. m. he had not returned.
Strong had come home; the mother had
noticed that her baby was missing, and a
search was begun. At 9 p. m. Walter was
stm missing. An alarm was spread in the
neighborhood.

Then the search began. The good neigh-
bors of West Allis scurried to and fro, lis-
tening to stories of kidnaping, following
various dews, telling of strange men seen
in the neighborhood and, altogether, cre-
ating intense excitement. This lasted un-
til 6 a. m. Saturday.

What Baby Walter thought as he tod-
dled out of his yard cannot be told, for

FIRES AND ACCIDENTS

Walter is unable to say. He walked up
Fargo-av until he observed a peculiar — ^to
him — scene. To most of us it would have
been an ordinary cottage at 5418 Fargo-
av, the home of Mrs. Johanna Bitter, but
to Walter there was a great cavern under-
neath a pile of wood. This cavern had a
screen across the mouth, and, peering
through, Walter could see a pile of dark
stuff. To others that would have been a
cellar filled with coal.

Walter was highly interested in his dis-
covery and began to pry at the screen.
Ah I the screen moved I It opened I Walter
pushed his head inside and gazed about.
Then he tumbled in.

Perhaps he cried a little when he feU,
but if he did no one heard him. He soon
reconciled himself to his imprisonment

and began playing with objects at hand.
Soon, however, he became sleepy and what
makes a better bed than a laxge pile of
potato sacks?

So while his frantic parents and the
neighbors were searching for him, Baby
Walter slept peacefully within a few hun-
dred feet of home and mother.

Early Saturday Mrs. Bitter, who lives
alone, entered her cellar to get some pota-
toes for breakfast. She carried no light,
and when she neared the bin, stumbled
over the sacks. The] baby cried out.
That ended his trip.

When Baby Walter sat on his father's
knee Saturday morning calmly munching a
biscuit, he blinked and smiled. The father
and mother were busy thanking the neigh-
bors for their interest and assistance.

CHAPTER IV

POLICE NEWS AND CBIMB

lype of story. Since police news ranges from slight misdemeanors to the
most serious of crimes such as murder and suicide, it offers widely different
material for news stories. Because of the general interest in the material
with which stories of crime deal, the purely informative story is sufficient in
itself to insure reading (cf. "Burglary,'^ p. 54, and "Murder of Business
Man,'' p, 59). The strong personal element in stories of wrong-doing gives
occasion for effective human interest presentation in the informative story
(cf. "Forgery,'' p. 49, and "Street Car Bandit," p. 57). Amusing aspects
of minor offenses, and even of burglary, hold-ups, or fraud, often furnish
inspiration for humorous treatment (cf. "Charged with Intoxication," p. 48,
and " Hold-up," p. 57).

Purpose. In no other kind of news should the effect of the story on the
reader receive more careful consideration than in news of crime. The evil
effects of news stories of criminal acts on many readers have already been
pointed out (cf. p. 8). That these destructive influences can be offset
to a considerable extent by constructive handling of news has also been
shown. In order that the crime story may have a deterrent effect, the crime
must be shown to be wrong, even though the wrong-doer deserves some
sympathy. The results of wrong-doing, not only in the form of legal punish-
ment imposed but in the remorse and the pangs of guilty conscience that the
wrong-doer suffers, as well as in the disgrace that he brings to others through
his criminal acts, when emphasized in news stories tend to deter others
from risking the dangers of such penalties.

Constructive presentation of crime news may also include emphasis on
underlying causes and responsibility, especially when these can be traced to
bad conditions in the commimity or in society as a whole, since such em-
phasis leads readers to consider the necessity for changing the conditions
that are directly or indirectly responsible for the criminal acts. In so far as
the criminal is the victim of these circumstances it may be legitimate to
create a sympathetic understanding of his act (cf. "Hold-up," p. 56, and
"Story of Escaped Convict," p. 68).

A danger in writing stories of crime lies in creating sympathy for the

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

undeserving wrong-doer by a sentimental treatment of him and his act.
By making more or less of a hero of him, news stories may lead undiscrimi-
nating readers to regard him and his crime as not unworthy of emulation.
There is also a temptation in writing crime stories to sacrifice truth and
accuracy of detail in order to secure greater picturesqueness or stronger
dramatic situations, but such treatment is an indefensible deviation from
the fundamental duty of presenting the news fairly and accurately.

Whatever influence a story of crime may have on the reader should be
the result of the reporter's selection and presentation of the actual facts.
Moralizing or ''editorializing'' concerning the facts is not only imnecessary
but undesirable in news stories.

Treatment. Dramatic narrative and vivid description, when true to the
facts of the news, are both legitimate and commendable. It is important
to keep consistently to one point of view in arranging and presenting the
details, particularly in constructive stories. Available material for making
the narration and the description effective includes confessions, interviews
with witnesses and persons involved, and clues to the identity of the perpe-
trator or to the solution of any mysterious phases of the crime. Fairness
requires that persons accused of wrong-doing as well as their accusers be
given a hearing in news stories. It must also be remembered that a person
accused of crime is not a criminal unless he has been convicted; until he
has been found guilty, he is described as an "alleged" criminal, or is said
to be "charged" with the crime.

Contents. In police news and crime stories details of significance are:
(1) number of lives destroyed or endangered; (2) names of victims; (3)
names of persons charged with the crime; (4) arrests of suspects and detention
of witnesses; (5) clues to the identity of the perpetrators when these are
not known; (6) causes, motives, and responsibility, known or conjectured;
(7) amount and character of loss; (8) methods employed in commission of
the crime; (9) measures to prevent similar crimes.

BOY RUNS AWAY

Chicago Herald

Somewhere between Chicago and Lans-
ing, Mich., Harvey L. New, a fair-haired
boy of 14, is wandering along the dusty
roads caxTying a nightcap, a pocket full of
tefsd and Sarah Jane, a stub-toed chicken.

In his boyish heart he carries a love for

his chicken, the life of which he felt bound
to save at the cost of his home.

Harvey visits his grandfather's farm near
Tian sing every summer. A 3rear ago his
grandmother presented him with Sarah
Jane, then only three weeks old.

He brought the chicken to his home at
4969 Prairie avenue and built a coop in
the back yard. Every morning he arose

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

early and fed and fondled the chicken.
When he returned from school his first
thought was for Sarah Jane.

One night last winter the cold pene-
trated the cellar where he kept her and
froze off her toSes. He nursed her until she
got well.

As time went on his love for the chicken
grew. The chicken also grew, until one day
Harvey's parents jokingly remarked that
she was getting large enough for a stew.

Harvey shuddered, but said nothing.
Last Sunday his parents again threatened
to sacrifice his pet.

Early Monday morning, when Harvey's
father entered the boy's room, he found
his son gone. In the mud beneath the bed-
room window he saw footprints. He made
a search about the house.

Then he noticed that Sarah Jane also
was gone, likewise a coop that Harvey had
made from an old fruit crate. The boy's
nightcap, presented to him by his grand-
mother, also was missing. Harvey has not
been heard from since.

''I believe the boy actually thought I
was going to kill his beloved pet," said his
broken-hearted father, James New, yester-
day. ''He probably will try to make his
way to the home of his grandparents in
Michigan. He loved his grandmother more
than anybody else in the world, with the
possible exception of Sarah Jane."

When Harvey left he wore a gray suit,
a brown overcoat and a blue cap. He
stammers slightly when excited.

Harvey's father has promised that Sarah
Jane never will be made into stew.

"ASLEEP AT THE SWITCH"

New York Times

Prank H. Thompson of 981 West Fifty-
second Street, who runs an elevator on
ordinary days, took a day off yesterday and
celebrated so heartily that, when he tried
to buy a ticket to the Crescent Theatre, a
moving picture and vaudeville house at
1,175 Boston Road, the Bronx, at 6:30
o'clock last evening, they refused to admit
him. Thompson then strolled down an

alley leading to the stage entrance, and
finding no one at the door, stepped inside,
leaned heavily against the waU, and went
to sleep.

Inside the theatre, where 600 persons
were gathered to watch the election re-
turns, which were flashed on the screen
between acts, there was great excite-
ment, for all the lights went out, even
those of the electric sign outside the place.
Thompson had leaned against the master
switch.

They found him there, turned the lights
up again and turned him over to Policeman
I^tzgerald, who locked him up in the Mor-
risania Station.

CHARGED WITH INTOXICATION

New York World

Business has been bad with Isaac Ein-
stein, who keeps a "gents'" clothing and
furnishing emporium, No. 918 Paris avenue,
the Bronx.

To encourage trade he marked down his
goods until it was a shame to take them at
the prices he asked. The gilded youth of
the Bronx could buy of Einstein a suit of
evening clothes "like King Edward wears,
$2.98: reduced from $29.80." Still, nobody
would buy the suit.

The lack of customers made Einstein de-
spondent. It is suspected that yesterday
he sought to drown his low spirits in others.
After a rather long absence he returned to
his store and began to act as if the thought
had struck him, "If I can't sell 'em I can
give 'em away."

Einstein pulled in the first man that
came along and made him a present of a
pair of trousers.

"They cost me $4 wholesale," said Ein-
stein, tearfuUy. "I can't sell 'em for $1.50.
You've got fine legs; you will show off this
check wdl. Take 'em, my friend, take 'em.
But take my advice, too. You are a mar-
ried man? Yes. You have children? Yes.
Don't wear 'em in the house when the
babies are asleep."

To the next man Einstein gave ''a real
Panama straw hat" knocked down from

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

$19 to 90 cents; to the third a suit of near-
silk underwear such as 'Hhe Sultan wears
when he goes visiting."

In a very short time 500 men and boys
were scuffling to get into the store. Patrol-
man Buck could not restrain the mob, and
sent for the reserves of the Alexander
avenue police station.

"At last I have a bargain crowd/' cried
Einstein. "See what a rush."

£Iinstein thoughtlessly left his store.
Policeman Buck grabbed him, charged him
with intoxication and locked him up. Then
Buck locked up the store.

SWINDLE

New York Tribune

Frederick A. White, fifty-six years old,
who says he is a broker and lives at No.
345 West 116th street, was arrested yester-
day by Detectives Fitzsinmions and Flood,
of the District Attorney's office, charged
with swindling James H. Bums, of Enox-
ville, Tenn., out of lumber land in Marion,
N. C, worth $65,000.

Bums says that through fraud and mis-
representation White obtained possession
of the deeds to the property on May 10.
Bums became suspicious, and, coming to
this city, went to Police Headquarters,
where, according to the police, he picked
out White's picture, No. 4,391, in the
Rogues' Gallery. He then communicated
with the District Attorney's office, and
the alleged swindler was arrested in the
office of W. E. Wells & Co., lumber dealers,
at No. 29 Broadway.

Bums, who is staying at the Hoffman
House, is the owner of extensive lumber
lands in South Carolina. He came to this
city in January, and advertised in an organ
of the lumber trade that he had some prop-
erty for sale. He says White, representing
himself as a broker, called on him in an-
swer to the advertisement, and said he had
a prospective purchaser of the land. He
introduced Bums to Frederick A. Cannon,
who lives in The Bronx, as the ostensible
purchaser. The negotiations which fol-
lowed were complete in Washington.

Bums was to receive two bonds for
$25,000 each and three notes for $5,000
each, he says. The bonds, he understood,
were guaranteed by a trust company of
this city. The notes were for three, five
and seven months.

Shortly after the transfer of the property
to Cannon it passed into the hands of the
Standard Lmnber Company, of which
White is president and Cannon is vice-
president. Bums sa3rs he tried to get pos-
session of the $25,000 bonds but faHed,
notwithstanding repeated demands.

When the first note fell due, on August
20, Bums did not receive the $5,000. Then
the man from Tennessee grew suspicious,
and on investigation he learned that the
bonds were not guaranteed. He learned
abo, he says, that the Standard Lumber
Company consisted of three shares valued
at $5 each.

The title to the land subsequently
changed hands again, this time to the
Southern Lumber Company.

White was arrested, the police say, about
five years ago, under the name of Wilce.

FORGERY

KaneoB City Star

Sister sick. No work. Money gone.
Eversrthing that could be pawned or sold
outright gone. Then Laura Walsington,
20 years old, 14 West Thirty-second Street,
took to forgery.

That was in July. Since then she has
cashed forged checks for siuns from $15 to
$75. She was arrested this morning, was
taken to police headquarters and there
confessed.

Slumped down in a chair in the office of
Larry Ghent, chief of detectives, she wept
bitterly.

''Sister and I were living together," she
said. ''Then she got sick. She had to go
to a hospital and be operated on. We had
a little money, but that soon went. Then
I pawned eveiything I had, and then ev-
erjrthing Sis had. Then those things were
gone. Then I lost my position. I was des-
perate."

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

After that, she said, she decided on
forgery.

On receipts for supplies of butter and
eggs, she had the name of a dairyman of
Parkton, Kas. After practicing the name
until proficiency had been acquired, she
telephoned to a Lakeview bank to inquire
if the dairyman's checks were good. In-
formed they were, she began, July 23, to
cash checks, signed in his name. The
Eagle Clothing Ck>mpany, the Smith Gar-
ment Company and the Wilson Coal &
Coke Company all cashed checks for her
aggregating $119.

The name of the physician who had at-
tended her sister was next. After practice,
Miss Wabington issued checks signed in his
name for sums totalling $170. The checks
were cashed at the London Cloak Com-
pany, Peck's, French Cloak and Suit Com-
pany and the Mond Suit Company.

Then, November 10, Miss Wakungton,
in a downtown bank, found a deposit slip
signed in a woman's name. After practicing
the signature, she telephoned the bank, in-
quiring if checks by that name would be
honored. She drew and cashed checks on
the woman for a total of $45.

Miss Walsington was arrested at the
Wilson Coal and Coke Company this
morning. She was recognized as having
previoi^y cashed bad checks there and
detained until the arrival of two detectives.

''I'll pay it all back," she cried in Chief
Ghent's office. "Only give me another
chance. Why, I've been respectable all my
life until this happened."

She is being held.

WORTHLESS CHECKS

Topeka Capital

Frank Green and Ruth Blair were child-
hood sweethearts at New Rapids, Kansas.
Five years ago, when both were 16 years
old, Ruth married a man named Bird, 13
years her senior. The bride moved away
while Frank remained in high school and
tried to forget.

Frank developed into a youthful speaker.
A year ago last September on Labor day,

Green, then 20 years old, delivered the
labor oration before 1,500 persons at New
Rapids. Then he went to Baker univer-
sity. Young Green played in several games
¥rith the Baker football team and was ac-
tive in the debating societies. He returned
to his home in June to find his former sweet-
heart back in New Rapids. Her life with
Bird had been unhappy and she had se-
cured a divorce.

The old friendship was renewed. In a
few weeks the two were married in Atchi-
son, "on the sly," as Green said, because
his parents did not approve of the match.
Witii a few hundred dollars the happy
couple left New Rapids to make their way.
First Green tried getting subscriptions for
magazines. This failing, other propositions
were tried in various towns, including St.
Joseph and Kansas City. The store of dol-
lars dwindled until, when Mr. and Mrs.
Green reached Topeka from Lawrence,
where they had looked vainly for work,
only $3 remained. That wair a week ago
Saturday.

Still optimistic. Green took his wife to
the Fifth Avenue hotel, confident that he
could find work and meet expenses. But
work was lacking. Green says. Meanwhile
Frank Long, manager of the Fifth Avenue
hotel, suggested several times to Green
that his biU had not been paid.

Completely discouraged Thursday,
Green cashed several small checks not
good. That night two suit cases were
lowered by a rope to the street from the
room occupied by the Greens. Then the
young husband led his wife through the
hotel lobby "to find a dentist to h^p her
toothache," as he explained to the night
derk. The two went to the Santa F6 sta-
tion and boarded train No. 117, Oklahoma
City bound.

A telegram from Sheriff L. L. Kiene ar-
rived ahead of Mr. and Mrs. Green. When
they entered the Oklahoma City station
they were arrested.

"We were taken to the city Jail like
murderers," said Green.

Saturday Sheriff Eaene arrived. The re-
turn trip was ended last night, when Mr.
and Mrs. Green slept in the county jail.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

Penitent would hardly describe the feel-
ing of the two as expressed to big-hearted
Sheriff Kiene. Pretty Mrs. Green was
nearly a nervous wreck from the continued
uncertainty and the shocks. Apparently it
is the first affair with the law for either.

** My record has been dear/' said Green.
"I never have been arrested before. One
hallowe'en night they almost got me, but I
outran the cop."

How the present escapade will end, is not
known. Last night Green prayed for an-
other chance for his wife and Imnself .

"I will make good,'' he said.

NoTB — How, with addUional information,
a striking foUow^up story can be written a few
hours after the first story was published is weU
iUustrated by the f (Mowing two stories, (he first
of which appeared in the Saturday evening edir
turn and the second in the Sunday morrwng edir
Hon of the same paper.

EMBEZZLEMENT

. (1)

Kamaa City Star, Saturday evening
edition

John E. Jones, jr., formerly a derk at
the Merchants Bank, which day before
yesterday was absorbed by the Ck)mmercial
Trust Ck)mpany, is being detained at police
headquarters this afternoon pending an in-
vestigation of his accounts. He is about
22 jrears old and is married. It was asserted
there was a discrepancy amounting to
something like $9,000.

The difference was found when an audit
of the books of the Merchants Bank was
made in turning over its money, books and
business to the Ck>nmiercial Trust Com-
pany.

In a statement made to the police this
afternoon young Jones told a queer story.
He admitted falsifying the books for an
amount he calculated to be about $9,800.
But he said that he received only about
$500 of that amount, the rest going to a
lawyer friend. The lawyer is being de-
tained and questioned this afternoon in the
office oi Larry Ghent, chief of detectives.

There is some doubt as to whether the
lawyer would be criminally liable although
he got most of the money.

Jones lives at 4510 Walker St. He did
not dissipate or spend recklessly and it is
believed he can restore the greater part of
the money.

This was the method of the bookkeeper
and his lawyer friend. The friend wrote
checks on an account he had in the Mer-
chants Bank. When the cancded checks
appeared at the Merchants Bank from the
dearing house to be charged against the
law3^er's account, they first went to Jones,
whose task at the bank gave him that op-
portunity. He hdd out those checks and
destroyed them. He covered the discrep-
ancy by making a false entry on his books.

Jones says he received $160 at one time
¥nth which he purchased a motor cyde,
but the rest of his share went to him, he
says, in comparativdy small amounts.

Young Jones told the police that he had
been forced by the lawyer to keep up the
Efystem of destroying checks and f alsif 3dng
the books after once he started, for fear of
being exposed. The bookkeeper said that
he first f eU into the dutches of the lawyer
when the attorney representing an install-
ment furniture house, threatened to take
back the furniture he had partly paid for.
A payment was due on it and the book-
keeper could not meet it. He says the law-
yer proposed the scheme for destroying the
checks and falsifying the accounts. Once
he started, Jones said, his master made
him keep it up. The amounts of the checks
at first were comparatively small, but they
kept getting larger imtil one day the lawyer
compelled him to put over a check for
$2,000.

At 3:30 o'dock this afternoon the police
were stOl investigating the lawyer. He
cashed the checks, but was in no way con-
nected ¥nth the bank.

(2)
Kaneaa City Star, Sunday morning edition

After drifting in a current that both
knew must lead to wrack and ruin, two
Kansas City men are on the rocks today.

s«

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

One is Henry A. Black, 47, smart lawyer
and man of affairs. His companion in dis-
honor is John £. Jones, jr., 21, a pallid
bank bookkeeper.

Accompanied by detectiyes and lawyers.
Black went to his offices in the CJonmiercial
Building yesterday afternoon and produced
from his safe cancelled checks totalling
|9|800. The checks, drawn on his account
at the Merchants Bank, had been paid by
the bank but never charged against him.
Jones, the tool in this game of foolish
finance, pocketed them as they came in.

Around Black were men in whose class
the lawyer had only recently counted him-
self. They were all staring at him. He felt
the need of explanation. He spoke slowly:

''I was under a great financial strain
and I had to resort to methods of raising
money that otherwise I never would have
used."

He said nothing more and the little
group returned to poUce headquarters.
Black and the young bookkeeper, who for
months had juggled the lawyer-promoter's
account at the bank, were held in jail over
night. Tomorrow both will be charged
with a felony, the prosecutor said last ni^t.

Black is a church member and was for
many years a Sunday school teacher. He
is a cold man and even his close friends
have known only in a general way about
his business affairs. He iiras an exceptional
scholar. In the last ten years he has not
practiced much at the law, but has sought
to promote telephone corporations and large
land businesses. He has a lot of that force
that is sometimes called character but
more often described as personality. He
was the first man possessed of any con-
siderable personal magnetism who ever
came into* the life of John Jones, bank
derk.

The man of affairs began to notice
Jones months ago and Jones glowed under
the attention. Married at 18 to a girl a
year his junior, earning for a time $35 a
month, while his wife added to this by
wages from a wholesale coffee house, Jones
had had a dull life. He had been graduated
from a grade school at 14 and gone through
a business college. Several jobs followed

and he finally worked in one bank until his
salary was raised to $50 a month. After
that he helped his father in a grocery and
then went to work for the Merchants Bank
for $70 a month. When that bank was
absorbed by the Ck)mmercial Trust Com-
pany last week, he was getting $75.

lliis was the young bookkeeper, pallid,
unassuming, rather thin chested, beside
whose place at the bank railing Black, one
of the bank's customers, stopped one morn-
ing.

Black asked how his checks totaled.
The bookkeeper, returning in a moment,
told him his account would be overdrawn
$110. Black thanked him, said he would
go out and get the money, and passed a
10-cent cigar over the railing.

Many times this happened, Jones said
3resterday. His pocket was quite used to
the ''feel" of one or two good cigars by
now.

Then one day Jones, the bank derk,
needed a friend. He had lost a Httle home
out on Walker Avenue which he had sought
to buy on installments. Now an install-
ment house was threatening him for furni-
ture purchased.

Well, he guessed he had a friend, a
lawyer-friend, too. His intimacy with the
man, whom he considered one of the bank's
best customers, had grown. Black now
was trusting the bookkeeper to notify him
whenever that exasperating account was
about to be overdrawn.

Jones was not disappointed. The install-
ment people were placated. In one inter-
view his friend of the 10-cent cigars ar-
ranged a basis of settlement and even
advanced the first payment of $7.50.

This was the story that Jones told yes-
terday to a roomful of lawyers, bankers and
bond company representatives, and to one
woman — ^the little girl who had married
him at 17.

In the next chapter it was his benefactor
who needed a favor.

It was in the power of the bank book-
keeper, the financial weakling, to favor the
man of affairs. Black had written more
checks than he could meet. He wanted a
check for $100 held out for a day. It would

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

be easy for the bookkeeper to slip it from
the pile that came in from the dealing
house. Of course, the man of affairs might
ask Mr. White, the cashier. But some-
times Mr. White was willing to favor and
sometimes not. It depended a good deal
on how he felt. And this was important.

That $100 check was not made good
the next day. It went oyer to the ''next
day."

Others, at the insistance of the man of
affairs, were added to this.

The picture Jones drew in the minds of
those tiiat heard him was of a nervous
young man, hurrying from the bank to
the office of the man of affairs and greeting
him ¥nth all the apprehension that had
grown upon him every time he looked at a
bank book.

''For God's sake get this money and get
this straightened up."

"Now, that's all right. I'll look after
this."

And after a few minutes Jones would be
surprised to find himself picking up some
of the other's confid^ice. He would go
back to his post confident that the money
would soon be raised and his duplicity to-
ward his employers wiped away.

Jones woidd get such messages as these:

"Meet me at 7:30 in the morning."

"Drop in at 6 o'clock at night."

"93, 94, 95, 96 are coming in. Take care
of them."

It had reached $9,800 when the prospec-
tive consolidation threatened disclosure.

Jones had the advice of the man of
affairs — ^to keep quiet and trust in him as
his lawyer.

When arrest came Friday, Jones called
for his lawyer. The lawyer was at church.
The messenger reached the church too
late.

At midnight Black was at police head-
quarters. The police would not let him see
his yoxmg client. At 8 o'clock yesterday
morning, and again at 10 o'clock. Black
was back at the jail. But Jones, under the
sweating of the detectives, was keeping his
faith.

Then his young wife, leaving their 2-
year-old baby at home, came into the room.

She pleaded for the truth. Then Jones
took her hand and told the queer, pitiful
story.

The chief of detectives stared hard.

"Can you tell that story before Black?"
the chief demanded.

In a little while Black was brought into
the room.

The two men, so radically different in
character, education and manner, sat on
either side of a desk.

Again the young man told his story.
Black played with a lead pencil.

"Well, sir, what do you think of that?"
the detective chief asked sharply.

The answer was ready enoi^.

"The boy is having a wild dream. It is
preposterous I"

But a little while afterwards Black said,
briefly, that the cancelled checks, given
him by the accused clerk, were in his office
safe.

There the checks were found. And Black,
who had gone to the bank officials the day
before and pleaded for time for his client's
sake, now pleaded for time for himself,
time in which to clean ever3rthing up, time
to make that restitution delayed so many
months.

In the matron's room at the jail were
the boy and his wife. They had been cry-
ing.

"A headache I've had for weeks is gone,"
the boy said.

He was not vindictive.

"I was the fool," he said. "I thought
that he was prosperous and that it would
all come out right."

The disclosures of the day brought to
police headquarters another wife, Mrs.
Black, from the home at 215 Wilson Place.
With her was the Rev. A. Brittingham
Brown, Mr. Black's pastor. Black's 7-
year-old daughter was at home, asleep and
ignorant of the day's cumulative events.

Mrs. Black brought for her husband in
a valise a change of clothing.

Black was summoned from the cell-room
and conducted to the office of the night
captain. He came in, his hat pulled for-
ward, head bowed.

Then he saw his wife. They advanced to

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

each other with open arms. They kissed
and hugged. Neither said a word for a
long time.

They all sat down, the wife holding her
husband's hand.

"We are very sorry, indeed, at this sud-
den trouble," the minister said. " The sym-
pathy of pastor and of members is with you
and we are going to stand by you. This is
a time to stand by a man."

Black and Mrs. Black wept.

Other friends entered the room. No one
spoke of the case and Black volunteered no
information.

After his friends had gone, Black went
back to the cellroom, leaving on the cap-
tain's desk the valise brought by his wife.
The pajamas inside would have given
slight comfort on the iron slats upon which
he was to sleep.

BURGLARY

San Francisco Chronide

Diamonds and other stones to the value
of $3500 were stolen yesterday afternoon
from the apartments of Mrs. Dennis M.
Patrick at 1907 Woolworth street by a
burglar, who ran away in such haste that
he left jewelry to an equal value spread out
on the bed, besides money and other valu-
ables.

The burglar seems to have been familiar
with the hiding places of Mrs. Patrick's
valuables and with her movements as well.
While she was out of the house between
2 and 4 o'clock in the afternoon, he entered
the rear door vnth a key which he took
from the place where she had hidden it,
picked up a screwdriver in the kitchen,
and, going straight to the bedroom, pried
open the locked bureau drawer where the
jewels were.

The burglar spread the loot out on the
bed and was evidently engaged in sorting
and packing it up when Mrs. Patrick's
daughter, Dorothy, came home from school
at 3:30 o'clock. The little girl went up to
the back door, and, finding it locked, went
back to the street and down to the comer.
Apparently, when the child tried the back

door the burglar ran out through the front
way, as Mrs. Patrick found that door open
when she came home half an hoinr later.

The stolen jewels included thirty-seven
diamonds, eight emeralds and eight pearb,
all set in platinum, principally in the shape
of rings and a lavalliere. Most of the stones
were heirlooms and prized by Mrs. Patrick
beyond their value. The jewels which the
burglar left behind in his hurry included a
diamond bracelet, besides other diamonds
and emeralds, and a quantity of gold jew-
eby. Several himdred dollars' worth of
silverware and about $20 in coin had
not been touched. But the burglar did
take about 65 cents from the little girl's
purse.

A cigarette on the floor, a room full of
smoke and an excellent set of finger prints
on a hand mirror, which Detective M. T.
Arey found last night, were all the dews
the burglar left.

BURGLARY

Chicago Herald

Helen Walker is 12 years old. Her father
is John Walker, a lawyer, and the family
resides in Oakland Park. Mr. Walker al-
ways has been proud of his daughter. But
he boasts about her now.

Helen's mother, when she kissed her girl
good-by yesterday morning, had said she
would not be home till late. That's why
Helen grew suspicious.

She heard some one walking upstairs
when she came home from school. It
couldn't be her father. And the step was
too heavy for her mother; and, besides, her
mother wasn't home.

So she tiptoed upstairs and into her
father's room, and she f oimd a big revolver
in a bureau drawer. Then she walked
quietly into the room where the noise
seemed to come from.

She saw a man putting things into a bag
— silverware, bric-a-brac, ornaments, jew-
elry — all her mother's pretty things.

The girl drew in her breath sharply.
The burglar turned. His little eyes glared
at her— a slim little creature with a halo of

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

golden hair and a revolver — and blue eyes
that looked into his unafraid.

For a moment they kept the pose.
Then—

"It's loaded," said the girl. "Don't 3rou
think you'd better drop my mamma's
silver comb?"

The burglar did. Likewise a rope of
pe&rla.

"Hadn't you better turn the bag upside
down on the bed there?" the girl con-
tinued.

The burglar, without a word, complied.

Then she made him turn his pockets in-
side out, and, keeping the revolver trained
on him, walked him down the steps and
onto the porch.

And there he turned and spoke.

"Say, kid, you're all right," he affirmed,
and walked away.

And Helen went and told the neighbors
— and was afraid to go back into the home
she had just defended — until the arrival of
her mother.

HIGHWAY ROBBERY

Chicago HerM

About to be married and needing money,
Edward Russell, 19 years old, decided it
would be easier to steal the money than
work for it.

So he turned auto robber, and was cap-
tured with three other young men, after
they held up Edward Bessinger and took
his satchel, containing $3,000. They told
their stories yesterday in the Chicago ave-
nue police station and gave their strange
motives for becoming criminals.

"I was going to be married and knew I
would need a lot of money," said Russell.
"I couldn't get enough by working and
thought a holdup would be the best way.''

John Harper said he joined the other
robbers because his father was in trouble.

"He is a saloon-keeper in Walsingham,
m., and was caught staying open after
hours," said Harper. "He needed money
to help him out, and the only way I had
to get it was to steal it."

"I was just trying to collect what Bes-

singer owed me," declared Arthur Ray-
mond, who planned the robbery. " I worked
in the Bessinger restaurant at Halsted and
Hamilton streets and got paid next to
nothing for it. You can't work for such
small wages and have any money.

"I decided I would get enough out of
Bessinger to pay me handsomely for the
time I worked there. I knew he carried
money in the satchel and planned the
holdup."

"Let the others talk themselves into the
penitentiary if they want to," said George
Wilson, the fourth prisoner. "I have
nothing to say about it. We tried and fell
down. That's all."

The four men were arrested after they
had run their automobile into a fence while
trying to escape with the satchel. They
had. blocked down Bessinger, who is a col-
lector for the Bessinger Restaurant Ck>m-
pany, and the automobile ran over his leg,
causing the machine to swerve. The money
satchel was recovered.

THEFT OR LOSS

MUtDoukee Evening Wisconsin

It will be Christmas without the "mer-
ry" for Jules Alexander, Brussels, Belgium,
who will spend it in Milwaukee penniless,
because of either an evil twist of fate or the
daring of a hotel thief.

Monsieur Alexander, a yoimg Belgian,
is an American representative of a large
machinery plant in Brussels. He has been
in Milwaukee about two weeks and is stay-
ing at the Hotel Pfister.

Thursday afternoon M. Alexander de-
cided that his suit needed pressing. Hur-
riedly — ^it must have been hurriedly — he
made a change of wardrobe, rang for p
bellboy and had the suit taken down to the
hotel tailor. - ' '

Little did M. Alexander know that a
$130 roll of crinkly American bills, prac-
tically his assets in toto, reposed in the
left hand hip pocket of the tailor-bound
trousers. In the newly donned suit there
was not a franc, not a sou, not even a
centime.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Later in the afternoon, having left the
hotel, M. Alexander had use for some
change. He felt in his hip pocket and
found nothing. He foimd the same thing
in all his other pockets. All at once it
dawned on him that he had left the precious
roll of bills in the other suit.

M. Alexander went back to the hotel on
the run. He told the derk of his loss.
Quickly but quietly a search for the lost
or stolen money was made through the
hotel, but without avail. Evidently both
tailor and bellboy declared that they knew
nothing of the money.

M. Alexander is positive that the roU of
bills was in the pocket of the trousers sent
down to the tailor. As the tailor is in the
same building, there was no chance of the'
money's dropping on the street, and yet
the hotel corridors, elevators and lobbies
have been searched inch by inch.
I This morning M. Alexander went to the
central police station and reported the loss,
or theft. Detective Paul Pergande was de-
tailed on the case.

''It was 650 francs I lose; all I had,
aussi," said M. Alexander this morning,
¥nth a deprecatory French shrug of the
shoulders. ''I do not know what shall I do
if the gendarmerie, the police, soon do not
find the money. It is of a probability, cer-
tainement, that I can get some more, but
it will take time and I am what you call
'broke' — ^n'est-ce pas?

"You see, monsieur, my con^agnie — ^it
is in Bruxelles — allow me an expense ac-
count and we representateef s do not carry
with us so much. That which one hais
stolen is all that I had. Voilal

"I must find that money, monsieur.
Certainement I can explain to our New
York agents and they will send me some
money to live with. Assuredly I hope that
they will not doubt my explanation and
wonder how I use so much expense account.
Six hundred and fifty francs — it is much,
monsieur!

" King Albert, I? Oh, oui, we have a new
and fine king, but just now I worry so
about my money that I have not thought
much of our new king."

HOLD-UP

Kansas City Star

Liquor was responsible for starting out
two yoimg men last night on a brief career
as holdup men which lasted only a few
hours and ended in cells at police head-
quarters at midnight. The men are Her-
bert Wilson, 24 years old, 910 East Nine-
teenth Street, and Sherwin Carter, 28 years
old, 143 Payne Avenue. Carter is married.

The holdups were eight in niunber, oc-
curring in the district between Twenty-
first and Thirty-seventh streets and Penn
Street and Forest Avenue. The loot ob-
tained amounted to $12 in cash, eight dia-
mond rings, four purses and three watches.
The robberies came in quick succession and
so did the calls of the victims to police
headquarters. Two policemen in a motor
car finally caught the pair at Linwood
Boulevard and Forest Avenue.

Carter is the son of Dr. Eugene Carter,
Hampshire Apartments, president of Stan-
dard Lumber Company. Doctor Carter,
when notified of his son's arrest, immedi-
ately blamed liquor for the yoimg man's
downfall and said that ordinarily he was a
"good boy."

"I'd been drinking for three days and
didn't know what I was doing last night,"
yoimg Carter said this morning at police
headquarters. "I was out of a job and
didn't have any money to speak of. And,
say, I'm kind of responsible for Wilson's
getting into this, too. It was my scheme
to hold up people.

"I've been a little wild, but I've never
been in trouble for holding up people.
Say, this'll be hard on my wife."

Wilson, too, blamed liquor.

"I'd never have dreamed of robbing
people if I hadn't been drunk," he said.
"Carter thought it would be an easy way
to get some money and so we went and
borrowed a gun from a negro that he knew
and went to holding up people. I'd hold
the gun and Carter would search them."

Both men were shaking and wild-eyed
this morning. After their continued drink-
ing of whislQr for three days, their nerves
were far from steady.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

HOLD-UP
KoMoa City Star

See now how real life beats the reel
life every now and then. Here, for in-
stanoe, is the strange history of The
Man in the Black Mask, as acted upon
the stage of Kansas City's streets in the
deserted hours of the morning when
everybody slumbers except holdup men,
belated wayfarers and p<dioemen.

BEAL I.

Ed Wilson, alias E. Harry Miller, known
in the family album at police headquarters
as a ''gunman/' fares forth very early this
morning with a companion to make his
living. At 2:30 o'clock at Thirteenth and
Charlotte streets, they meet a man and
begin their pleasant labors.

"Don't do it, gents," says the stranger,
"don't do it. It ain't perfessional. I'm
one of the same. Here's my gun and here's
my black mask. See?"

"Excuses," says Spokesman Ed. "Have
'em back. Luck to you."

RSAL n.

Frank Mathis, one of those belated way-
farers who afford occupation to holdup
men, is held up half an hour later at Thir-
teenth and Charlotte streets by two men.
By the illumination of an arc Ught he ob-
serves the two closely. So does Timothy
Dalton, policeman. Timothy comes up
rapidly and the two flee, bombarding the
air, Thnothy doing the same. The robbers
escape.

Mathis then furnishes Timothy descrip-
tions of the two, which Timothy, in turn,
furnishes police headquarters, which, in
turn, furnishes them to whatever policemen
can be reached by telephone.

REAL HI.

(In two teenes,)

Scene I — ^Frank Hoover, another police-
man with insonmia, sees a man approach
him at Eleventh and Charlotte streets

about 4 o'doek. The man seems to answer
the description of one of the two holdup
chape.

Hoover runs and so does the man. .

Another batcb of shots are fired. This
time they find lodging.

The fleeing man drops with a bullet in
the left leg and another in the left hip.
Hoover stoops down, picks up something
clutched in the wounded man's hand,
stares at it curiously, puts it in his pocket.
The ambulance arrives and the wounded
man is taken to the General Hospital.

Scene II — ^Furnished with descriptions
of the two fleeing holdup men, another
policeman at 4 o'clock at Tenth and Holmes
streets, arrests Ed Wilson, our hero of
"Real 1."

BEAL lY.

At police headquarters today Wilson is
identified by Mathis as one of the pair who
held him up.

Wilson agrees with him and tells his
partner's name.

Mathis then goes to the hospital, but
fails to identify the woimded man, who
gives the name of Harry Walters.

From this Wilson gathers that the
woimded man is not his pal.

But who, then, is he?

"You say this Hoover cop picked up
something when he shot tiie fellow?"
queries Wilson.

"What was it?"

"A black mask, eh? Well, ain't that the
limit?"

"Why, that must be the fellow we held
up to begin with and turned loose because
he was in the business.

"And here he goes and gets shot be-
cause a cop thinks he looks like me. That 's
luck for youl"

STREET CAR BANDIT

Lo8 Angeles Times

Two pairs of arms entwined the neck of
Harry Blair, wounded and confessed street-
car bandit, as he lay chained to a cot in the
Emergency Hospital yesterday morning.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

While his young wife embraced him, sob-
bing, their year-old baby laughed and
cooed. He crawled across the pillow on
whidi Blair's head rested, and, snuggling
dose to his father, threw his chubby arms
aroxmd Blair's neck.

Hospital folk and the police are used to
pathetic scenes in the hospital, but that
sight seemed too much for them, and
silently they stole from the ward and closed
the door, leaving the wife to her grief, the
husband to whatever thoughts he had, and
the innocent babe to its joy.

It was a decidedly hard-luck story that
the Blairs related to the detectives and
nurses. The first year of their married life
happiness and prosperity smiled on them,
they said. But when the stork visited the
Bladr household in Dallas it brought not
only a bright-eyed baby but also a neme-
sis.

Their savings went for doctor's bills and
clothing for the little one. Then Blair had
difficulty, he says, in finding steady em-
plo3rment at his trade, painting. When
they were reduced almost to poverty they
decided to come to Los Angeles. They have
been here six weeks. In that time, BlaJr
BByB, he was unable to earn enough to
provide properly for his sick wife and im-
poverished baby.

The last dollar the couple had went a
few days ago for rent. Weary of tramping
the streets in quest of work, weak from
lack of nourishment, and worried because
he couldn't buy food, clothing and medi-
cine, Blair sa3rs he conceived the idea of
turning highwayman.

"Even ibsa my nemesis followed me,"
he said, choking. ''I got a few dollars from
the conductor and was hurrying home to
give it to my wife for food and things when
I was stopped by a police officer. I escaped
from him and was climbing a fence when
the bullet caught me in the leg."

Blair will be confined in the criminal
ward at the County Hospital until he is
physically able to be arraigned. He will be
charged with highway robbery, the police
say.

FREE-FOR-ALL FIGHT

New York World

With whistle screeching and himdreds of
passengers yelling for help out of the win-
dows, a northbound Third avenue elevated
train was held in panic late last night by a
crowd of roughs, who terrorized &e pas-
sengers and assaulted a conductor.

More than a dozen women, returning
from the theatre, fainted, and Mrs. Sadie
Arthur, of No. &91 East One Hundred and
Seventy-eighth street, was thrown into vio-
lent hysterics and taken to the Lebanon
Hospitied.

liie riot started at One Hundred and
Thirty-eighth street and continued all the
way to One Hundred and Sixty-sixth street.
There policemen shoved through a great
crowd, which had been attracted by the
whistling, and arrested Adolph J. Weiss,
eighteen years old, of No. 444 East One
Hundred and Sixty-fifth street. His com-
panions in the excitement managed to es-
cape.

Weiss, who is somewhat of a fighter, was
the ringleader of the disturbers. They be-
gan their horseplay by throwing hats about
the car, smashing hats and jostling the pas-
sengers. Dresses were tern and women in-
sulted; yet no one took a hand to suppress
the outrage.

''Shame on you men," cried some of the
women. ''Haven't any of you enough spirit
to protect us?"

Just as one woman received a severe
blow in the face, Ck>nductor Thomas J.
Boyce, of No. 108 East One Himdred and
Twenty-first street, who is known on the
road as "Scrappy Tom," jumped into the
fracas and hit straight from liie shoulder.

"Beat him up," yeUed the gang, and
they all jumped on "Scrappy Tom."

"Ck>me on, all of you," he roared, his
fighting Irish blood aroused. One, two,
three of the brawlers hit the dusty mat,
and finally Boyce reached Adolph and
landed hard on his jaw.

The fight ranged up and down the car,
with Boyce taking care of the entire gang.
Three or four women who had fainted and
fallen to the floor were trampled upon.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

Windows were raised throughout the
train. Yells of "Murder!" "PoUcel"
alarmed the Bronx. The motorman started
his whistle going, and this tipped Police-
men Wilson and Dempsey, of the Morri-
sania station, who lay in wait at One Him-
dred and Sixty-sixth street.

The crowd that was bunched there pre-
vented their making more arrests and fur-
nished a means of escape to Weiss's "pals."

Pieces of hats, feathers, ribbons and
lingerie were scattered from end to end of
the car. A number of the women had not
revived, and Mrs. Arthur appeared to be
in a critical condition. A hurry call was
sent to Lebanon Hospital, and Dr. Singer,
hastily treating the others, hurried Mrs.
Arthur to the institution. He said she was
In a dangerous hysterical condition.

The line was tied up for half an hour by
the riot.

Weiss looked as though he had stayed
in the ring twenty rounds with Bill Papke.
His face was unrecognizable.

"I never knew that any of these con-
ductors could fight," he sputtered through
swollen lips, as he was led to a cell.

" Over in the old country," said "Scrappy
Tom," as he watched the ex-champion led
to a cell in the Morrisania station, "I used
to throw a couple of lads like you over my
head before breakfast just for an appe-
tiser."

MURDER OF BUSINESS MAN

New York Tribune

Walter H. Hammond, a well known busi-
ness man of Jersey City and a brother of
Colonel Robert A. Hammond, was shot and
instantly killed yesterday afternoon in the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company's ferry
house at Jersey City. Peter Grew, a man
he had befriended, was arrested as the
slayer of Hammond.

Mr. Hammond was about to have his
luncheon in the restaurant in the railway
station, on the second floor. He had as-
cended the stairs and turned toward the
restaurant, when he was confronted by
Grew, to whom he made a cheery remark.
Without a word in reply, the police say,

Grew drew a revolver, which he carried in
his coat pocket, and fired at him. The bul-
let entered the left temple and ploughed
into the brain. Two more bullets were
fired into his body after he fell.

Calmly replacing the weapon in his pock-
et. Grew started to walk down the stairs
to the street, but Patrolman Amann, who
was on duty at the ferry house, dashed up
the stairs and, meeting him half way, ar-
rested him. Grew remarked, Amann says,
as he handed the revolver to the officer:
"The thing is all over, and I might as well
give up." Later he persistently refused to
admit that he did the shooting.

The police say their investigation has
revealed that Grew, who has been regarded
as eccentric and impulsive, had frequently
threatened to kill Hammond. They say
that Grew had recently been drinking ex-
cessively.

The victim of the shooting was the head
of the Hammond and Wilson Stock Com-
pany, dealers in butterine and eggs at Je-
rome and 4th streets, Jersey City. He was
a bachelor and forty-two years old. He was
a director of the Second National Bank and
of the Commercial Trust Company, and an
active member of the Union League Club,
of Jersey City. He lived at No. 314 Harri-
son avenue, Jersey City.

Grew had been in the same business.
Some time ago, the police say, he was ar-
rested in Brooklyn for making and selling
oleomargarine without stamping it prop-
erly. Hammond gave him a new start in
business. His business dwindled to nothing,
and he accused Hammond of persecuting
him. Grew owned a flathouse at No. 244
3d street, Jersey City, in which he, his
wife and six cl^dren lived. This house
he conveyed to his wife during his business
troubles. It is said that Grew complained
that his wife was under the influence of
Mr. Hammond and refused to permit him
to have any of the revenue derived from
the rental of the building. Ten days ago
he was arrested for beating her. Judge
Harmon, before whom he was arraigned,
ordered him conmiitted to jail for ten da3rs,
but relented when he promised to refrain
from abusing or beating his wife.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Otto S. Wilkins, of No. 21 Park street,
who has a butter business at No. 52 Hudson
street, Jersey City, met Grew less than an
hour before the shooting. He told Captain
Larkins, at the Jersey City Police Head-
quarters, of a conversation he had had with
Grew. He said that Grew asked him to
give him a job.

''I then told him," Mr. Wilkins said,
** that I understood that he was in such a fi-
nancial condition that he could live without
working. He said, 'No,' that his property
brought him in $120 a month, and that
after he had paid the interest on a small
loan which stood against it, with taxes and
repairs, it left very little to live on; that his
wife would not let him have any of that,
and that Mr. Hammond was responsible
for her attitude in vnthholding f imds from
him. He was in a natural state of mind
to-day, cool and collected, and talked to me
in the same strain that I have always
known him to use. He used to teU me four
or five years ago that he had it in for Mr.
Hammond and would shoot him some time."

In a statement to the police Grew said he
had known Hammond for sixteen years and
had done business with him. ''I am not
going to answer that," was his reply when
asked if he had had any trouble with Ham-
mond. He said that he was on his way
home from Manhattan when he met Ham-
mond, and that Hammond spoke to him,
but he did not reply. "I had the revolver
in my right hand in the inside pocket of my
sack coat," said Grew, ''and that is all I
have to say." He stated that " Hanmiond
had been pounding me and had got the
inspectors to poimd me."

Mrs. Grew said that her husband's mind
had been affected by brooding over his fail-
ure in business, and she shared her hus-
band's opinion that he had been persecuted.

MURDER IN LITTLE ITALY

Kanaaa CUy Star

MuitDEBsiN LnTLB Italt Sincb Januabt 1.

January 9 — Mario Ippolito shot down and
killed by unidentified assassin.

January 11 — John Kanato shot by John
Herwetine; died two days later.

January 23 — John Janoka shot by Nick
Hontrogen; died same day.

January 24 — Lusciano Musso murdered by
gunmen in daylight. '

February 4 — Salvador Cangialosi shot and
killed by Angelo Mannino.

February 24— Oiovanni Seculo shot down
by unidentified assassin, will die.

Shootings.

January 24 — ^H. C. Petro, shot in his home,
110 Watkins Avenue, by someone who fired
through the window; not fatal.

February 13 — Robert Jordan, 1039 East
Fourth Street, was shot twice by Tony Filo;
not fatal.

That impenetrable air of msrstery which
closed down on the attack last night on
two Italians, as it has closed down upon
every one of the weekly murders of Little
Italy, a sable doak hiding details, oblite-
rating the trails of assassins who shoot men
in the back and flee, is not such a msrste-
rious thing after all. There is only one
policeman at night in Little Italy.

Giovanni Seculo and Tony Boni are
walking along Cherry Street near Fourth
Street. It is 10 o'clock at night. A shotgun
barks, once, twice. Seculo falls, a death
wound in his back. Boni falls, shot in the
hip.

Presently a policeman comes, who was
blocks distant at the time.

Little Italy shrugs and avers it was all
sound asleep when Seculo and his compan-
ion were shot.

The assassin escapes.

There is nothing different in the main
threads of the chronicle from those of all the
other impunished crimes of Little Italy.

Always, the crime is committed in some
part of Little Italy distant from that lone
policeman. Little Italy extends from In*
dependence Avenue to the Missouri River,
from Oak Street to Tracy Avenue.

''There should be at least four policemen
in that district at night," said Larry Ghent,
chief of detectives, this morning. Then he
revealed some figures on the police depart-
ment.

In the district comprising Little Italy,
Hick's and Belvidere hollows, which are
unsavory negro neighborhoods, and others
almost as notorious, a district extending

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

north of Independence Avenue and east of
Main Street to Jackson Avenue, there are
at night only four patrolmen.

In the central district, taking in the
whole of the North Side, foiurteen out of
thirty-one police ''beats'' are without pa-
trolmen at night.

In all Kansas City there are only 264
patrolmen, exclusive of officers. Many of
these work as clerks in stations. The police
force is at the lowest that it has been for
years. The city is increasing in population.

Ghent withdrew detectives from other
cases this morning and sent four of them,
under the direction of Patrolman Louis
Olivero, into Little Italy to attempt to fer-
ret out the attack on Seculo last night.

Seculo, proprietor of the Neopolitan
Macaroni factory at 516-18 East Tenth
Street, and an influential Italian, probably
will die. His condition was slightly im-
proved today, however. Neither Seculo
nor Boni knows why he was attacked or by
whom.

MURDER

New York Sun

Trying door knobs early yesterday morn-
ing. Policeman Merkle of the East 104th
street station found that the door of the
little Italian grocery shop at 321 East 109th
street opened. He entered, thinking that
the place might have been robbed. At the
rear of the dark, smelly little shop he found
another door that opened, and as it did so,
a bulldog sprang at him. The policeman
shut the door and ran out to the street and
rapped for assistance. Policeman O'Con-
ncdl came and the two went back into the
store.

They coaxed the dog into good humor,
and, on lighting the gas in the squalid room,
they f oimd its master kneeling beside his
bed in a pool of blood. Another door in the
rear was forced open. Peter Mutolo, who
lives there with his wife and three children,
said they had heard no noise.

They said that the murdered man was
Frederick Cinci, who had kept the shop
about a month. He had been in this coun-

try about a year. No one knew of any
enemies.

On the table were three dirty glasses and
an empty wine bottle. Friends sometimes
came to see him, the neighbors said. No-
body knew whether visitors came to see
him before his death. On the floor below his
body they found a stiletto, long of blade,
which was bent double. In his neck, lungs,
stomach and kidneys the ambulance sur-
geon foimd five thrusts.

The body was still warm; death hadn't
come long before the police foimd him.
Some money, $1.60, was foimd in his pock-
ets, and his gold watch had not been taken.
Six dollars was found in the cash drawer of
his shop. No one killed him to rob him of
money. The dog, the police think, would
have attacked a stranger and probably rec-
ognized the murderer.

MURDER

New York World

Pietro de Angelo ran along Colum-
bus avenue, Montclair, N. J., yesterday.
Plainly De Angelo, a sturdy fellow of
twenty-two years, had run far and hard.
He came from the direction of the Brook-
dale section of Bloomfield. He was leg
weary, his steps grew shorter. Panting, he
looked over his shoulder ever and again at
an older man who ran behind him at some
distance.

The older man carried a shotgun which
swung by his side in his grasp as he plodded
along. He seemed to be in no hurry; he
seemed to be able to nm forever; straight
he ran, with his eyes fixed always on De
Angelo, who looked back, fearfully.

Christopher street and Columbus ave-
nue is the most fashionable part of Mont-
clair. Wealthy persons live in that neigh-
borhood. Men on the street or looking from
their dwellings had no idea of the tragedy
that was to be enacted. Being law-abiding,
having no reason to run, in flight or pur-
suit, the Montclair men thought that De
Angelo and the older man who ran behind
him were both fleeing from the same pur-
suer.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

''The police are after those fellows/'
said one Montclair man.

''Or the game wardenSi" said another.
''See, the second chap has a shotgmi —
been poaching most likely. The yomig fel-
low has outstripped him."

Not so. Where Christopher street in-
tersects Ck)lumbti8 avenue De Angelo
halted) swayed, almost fell. His bolt was
shot, his breath was spent. He turned and
slowly walked back to the older man, who
did not even hasten his gait, but approached
De Angelo — approached as inexorably as
death itself. As he got nearer, De Angelo
stretched out his hands toward him in
mute pleading. The older man, never
hurrjdng, never slackening his gait, got
within ten yards of De Angelo, stopped,
raised his shotgun to his shoulder, pulled
the trigger, and sent the charge from one
barrel into De Angelo's left breast.

The younger num pitched down on his
face, arms extended, palms down. The
older man looked down at him an instant
— yes, one barrel was enough — then, drop-
ping the gun from his shoulder, he kept on
running, no faster, no slower, than before.

And he escaped. A dozen most respect-
able citizens of Montclair all had the same
thought, to notify the police. The dozen
rushed to their telephones. When the po-
lice arrived De Angelo was dead. He had
died instantly.

Deputy County Phsrsician Muta went
from Orange and had the body taken to
the Morgue at Orange. De Angelo lived
at No. 961 Wilson street, Montclair. His
parents say he had dinner with them there
at noon, then went out. They do not know
where he went. The police are trying to
learn.

MURDER

KoMoa City Star

In the parlor of the rooming house at
57 Green Street A. C. Hobson was busily
tuning the piano this morning. As he bent
above the humming wires, tiie lid of the
instrument thrown back, a light step
sounded down the corridor. llieQ he heard

a fresh young voice, singing softly. Hob-
son smiled and ceased his work to listen.

The voice sang a line or two touching on
oowB and green fields.

"A kid from the country," Hobson said,
and went on.

A heavier step clumped on the stairway
leading up from the street entrance. The
song ceased abruptly.

"Hello, Maggie," Hobson heard a man's
voice say. "What made you leave me?"

There was a little pause; then a girl's
voice answered sharply:

"Why do you follow me, anyhow? I
don't love you."

"I came to take you back mth me,"
said the man. Hobson had stopped bis
tinkering. The sound of the man's heavy
breathing came in to him through the open
doorway from the dim corridor. "Kiss
me," the man's voice conmianded.

The girl's voice rose. "No," she cried.
"No. I don't love you."

The man swore. "Then no one else'U
have you," he shouted.

Hobson stood motionless, as though
paralyzed. Then he heard a scuffle; the
girl cried out sharply. The restraint on
him was broken at that, and Hobson rushed
into the corridor. The struggling forms of
man and woman were disappearmg through
the doorway of another room down the
hall. An instant or two later, Hobson heard
the crack of a revolver shot followed
closely by a second. Then the moans of a
woman in agony succeeded. Hobson ran
into the room. Man and woman writhed on
the bed.

Going to a telephone, Hobson smnmoned
the police. Sergt. James O'Rile, acting
captain of the Walnut Street Police Sta-
tion, responded. It was twenty-five min-
utes before the ambulance arrived.

The woman was Mrs. Maggie Towes,
24 years old, who left her husband, John
Towes, in Homeville, Mo., four months
ago. Towes came to Kansas City a week
ago, finally, this morning, finding his wife
at the rooming house of Mrs. Mary Howe,
where she had found employment as house-
keeper. Towes is a blacksmith's helper and
is 32 yean old.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

As he lay on the bed in that twilight
state between the conscious and the unoon-
sdoiis, Towes reached a hand gropingly to-
wards his wife.

''Kiss me, honey/' he mumbled; "kiss
me before I go."

They were taken to the General Hos-
pital. Mrs. Towes was shot through the
abdomen, Towes through the left breast.
Both probably will die.

MURDER

New York Sun*

Mrs. Catherine Sheehan stood in the
darkened parlor of her home at 361 West
Fifteenth street late yesterday afternoon,
and told her version of the murder of her
son Gene, the youthful policeman whom
a thug named Billy Morley shot in the
forehead, down under the Chatham
Square elevated station early yesterday
morning. Gene's mother was thankful that
her boy hadn't killed Billy Morley before
he died, "because," she said, "I can say
honestly, even now, that I'd rather have
Gene's dead body brought home to me, as
it wfll be to-night, than to have him come
to me and say, 'Mother, I had to killaman
this morning.'

" God comfort the poor wretch that killed
the boy," the mother went on, "because
he is more unhappy to-night than we are
here. Maybe he was weak-minded through
drink. He couldn't have known Gene or
he wouldn't have killed him. Did they
tell you at the Oak Street Station that the
other policemen called Gene Happy Shee-
han? Anything they told you about him is
true, because no one would lie about him.
He was always happy, and he was a fine-
looking young man, and he always had to
duck Ids helmet when he walked under the
gas fixture m the hall, as he went out the
door.

"He was doing dance steps on the floor
of the basement, after his dinner yester-
day noon for the girls — ^his sisters I mean
— and he stopped of a sudden when he
saw the dock and picked up his helmet.
• Wxitten by Frank Ward O'MaUey.

Out on the street he made pretence of
arresting a little boy he knows, who was
standing there — ^to see Gene come out,
I suppose — and when the lad ran away
laughing, I called out, 'You coiddn't
catch Willie, Gene; you're getting fat.'

"'Yes, and old, manmiy,' he said, him
who is — who was — only twenty-six — 'so
fat,' he said, 'that I'm getting a new dress
coat that'll make you proud when you
see me in it, mammy.' And he went over
Fifteenth street whistling a tune and slap-
ping his leg with a folded newspaper. And
he hasn't come back again.

"But I saw him once after that, thank
God, before he was shot. It's strange,
isn't it, that I hunted him up on his beat
late yesterday afternoon for the first time
in my life? I never go around where my
children are working or studying — one I
sent through college with what I earned
at dressmaking, and some other little
money I had, and he's now a teacher; and
the youngest I have at college now. I don't
mean that their father wouldn't send them
if he could, but he's an invalid, although
he's got a position lately that isn't too
hard for him. I got Gene prepared for col-
lege, too, but he wanted to go right into an
office in Wall street. I got him in there, but
it was too quiet and tame for him. Lord
have mercy on his soul; and then, two
years ago, he wanted to go on the police
force, and he went.

"After he went down the street yester-
day I found a little book on a chair, a little
list of the streets or something, that Gene
had forgot. I knew how particular they
are about such things, and I didn't vrant
the boy to get in trouble, and so I threw on
a shawl and walked over through Chambers
street toward the river to find him. He was
standing on a comer some place down there
near the bridge clapping time with his
hands for a little newsy that was dancing;
but he stopped clapping, struck, Gene did,
when he saw me. He laughed when I
handed him the little book and told that
was why I'd searched for him, patting me
on the shoulder when he laughed — patting
me on the shoidder.

"'It's a bad place for you here, Gene,*

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

I said. 'Then it must be bad for you, too,
mammy/ said he; and as he walked to the
end of his beat with me — ^it was dark then
— he said, 'There are lots of crooks here,
mother, and they know and hate me and
they're afraid of me' — proud, he said it
— 'but maybe they'll get me some night.'
He patted me on the back and turned and
walked east toward his death. Wasn't it
strange that Gene said that?

"You know how he was killed, of course,
and how — Now let me talk about it,
children, if I want to. I promised you,
didn't I, that I wouldn't cry any more or
carry on? Well, it was five o'clock this
morning when a boy rang the bell here at
the house and I looked out the window and
said, 'Is Gene dead?' 'No, ma'am,' an-
swered the lad, 'but they told me to tell
you he was hurt in a fire and is in the hos-
pital.' Jerry, my other boy, had opened
the door for the lad and was talking to him
while I dressed a bit. And then I walked
down stairs and saw Jerry standing silent
under the gaslight, and I said again, 'Jerry,
is Gene dead?' And he said 'Yes,' and he
went out.

"After a while I went down to the Oak
Street Station myself, because I couldn't
wait for Jerry to come back. The police-
men all stopped talking when I came in,
and then one of them told me it was against
the rules to show me Gene at that time.
But I knew the policeman only thought
I'd break down, but I promised him I
wouldn't carry on, and he took me into
a room to let me see Gene. It was Gene.

"I know to-day how they killed him.
The poor boy that shot him was standing
in Chatham Square arguing with another
man ^en Gene told him to move on.
When the young man wouldn't, but only
answered back. Gene shoved Imn, and the
young man pulled a revolver and shot Gene
in the face, and he died before Father
Rafferty, of St. James's, got to him. God
rest his soul. A lot of policemen heard the
shot and they all came running with their
pistols and dubs in their hands. Police-
man Laux — ^I'll never forget his name or
any of the others that ran to help Gene —
came down the Bowery and ran out into

the middle of the square where Gene
lay.

"When the man that shot Gene saw the
policemen coming, he crouched down and
shot at Policeman Laux, but, thank God,
he missed him. Then policemen named
Harrington and Rouke and Moran and
Kehoe chased the man all around the
streets there, some heading him off when
he tried to run into that street that goes off
at an angle — East Broadway, is it? — a
big crowd had come out of Chinatown now
and was chasing the man, too, until Police-
men Rouke and Kehoe got hkn backed up
against a wall. When Policeman Kehoe
came up close, the man shot his pistol right
at Kehoe and the bullet grazed Kehoe's
helmet.

"All the policemen jumped at the man
then, and one of them knocked the pistol
out of his hand with a blow of a club. They
beat him, this Billy Morley, so Jerry says
his name is, but they had to because he
fought so hard. They told me this evening
that it will go hard with the unfortunate
murderer, because Jerry sa3rs that when a
man named Frank O'Hare, who was ar-
rested this evening charged with stealing
doth or something, was being taken into
headquarters, he told Detective Gegan
that he and a one-armed man who an-
>swered to the description of Morley, the
young man who killed Gene, had a drink
last night in a saloon at Twenty-second
street and Avenue A and that when the
one-armed man was leaving the saloon he
turned and said, 'Boys, I'm going out now
to bang a guy with buttons.'

"They haven't brought me Gene's
body yet. Coroner Shrady, so my Jerry
says, held Billy Morley, the murderer,
without letting him get out on bail, and I
suppose that in a case like this they have to
do a lot of things before they can let me
have the body here. If Gene only hadn't
died before Father Rafferty got to him,
I'd be happier. He didn't need to make
his confession, you know, but it would
have been better, wouldn't it? He wasn't
bad, and he went to mass on Sunday with-
out being told; and even in Lent, when we
always say the rosary out loud in the din-

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

ing-room every night. Gene himself said
to me the day after Ash Wednesday,
'If you want to say the rosary at noon,
mammy, before I go out, instead of at
night when I can't be here, we'll do it.'

''God will see that Gene's happy to-
night, won't he, after Gene said that?" the
mother asked as she walked out into the
hallway with her black-robed daughters
grouped behind her. ''I know he will,"
she said, "and I'll — " She stopped with
an arm resting on tiie banister to support
her. "I — ^I know I promised you, girls,"
said Gene's mother, "that I'd try not to
cry any more, but I can't help it." And
she turned toward the wall and covered her
face with her apron.

MURDER

Kansas City Star

A boy of 19, carefree, enamored of the
lifeof the road, ran away from a good home
in Elm Grove, £^., on a sunny day last
March.

Down in the wilds of Northern Arkansas,
riding in a freight car, one day in the mid-
dle of March, a brakeman came upon him
and they fought — ^the brakeman angered
at the lad, the boy hot with the lust of
youth that welcomes a fray.

The boy, Charles Hyde, hit the brake-
man on the head with a bolt. The brake-
man went down, like a shot thing, and fell
from the car under the flying wheels, which
ground him to death.

Then the boy went on. Later he heard
a coroner's jury had reached a verdict of
"accidental death."

Then began the flight. It was flight —
not from the far-reaching arm of the law;
for the verdict of the backwoods jury had
placed no suspicion on any man. But it
was flight from a dread thing that haunted
him, making his nights of no comfort and
his days of dark despair.

Conscience, men call it, and Retribution.
But by whatever name, under whatever
guise, the dread thing caught the boy at
last, caught and enfolded him. And the lad
who had been carefree a few short months

ago, now a trembling, quaking, white-
faced wreck, stumbled into the Mulberry
Street police station, down in the West
Bottoms yesterday — ^and surrendered.

"I kiUed a man," he said. "I kiUed a
man when I didn't have any idea of
doing it. And he's been after me. I've
got to give myself up; I've got to con-
fess. It's the only way I can get rid of
it."

They heard the boy out, those police-
men in the bottoms, not understanding,
sensing only dimly the fear that. was on
him. Then they took him to police head-
quarters and wired to the authorities in
Arkansas.

"Last night wasn't so bad," said Hyde
at police headquarters this morning. "It
wasn't so bad, now that I have given my-
self up. That's made me feel better. But
all the other nights since it happened have
been hell. We'd be fighting in the car
again, with the wheels clicking away un-
derneath us, him hot and gettin' the best
of me. Then I'd stumble against something
and pick it up and feel it in my hands, and
know he was mine.

"My GodI" said Charles Hyde, help-
less toy of fate, entrapped in the coils of
a retributive nemesis. "My GodI" And
he covered his gaunt boy's face with shak-
ing hands.

Back and forth, up and down, across the
harvest lands of the Middle West, went
Hyde, riding in freight cars, clinging to the
rods of trans-continentals, always seeking
to escape from the thing that pursued him
— and always failing. In the hot fields,
laboring with his hands, staggering in the
heat of the day but pressing on, he found
no surcease. And then, despite his efforts,
hard work brought no sleep at night. And
he was alone with his fear.

"I know the law's got me," he cried.
"I know it can hang me or put me in
prison. But I had to do it. I had to give
myself up.

"And to think I never meant to kill him,
only to lay him out and make him let me
alone I"

Then Charles Hyde cried, not the tears
of blessed relief, but the scalding tears of

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

those who must stand helpless and non-
understanding before grim-countenanced
Fate.

A WAYWARD GIRL

Chicago Herald

They called her Mandy on the farm and
they made much of her.

She was the only daughter the Noyers
had and nothing was too good for her. So
"dad'' said — and mother agreed.

Mandy didn't realize how happy she was.
She was ambitious and wished to see the
city. She had an aunt in Chicago, Mrs. H.
Bole, of 1856 Dolphin street. Why couldn't
she go to Chicago, study stenography and
live with auntie?

Her parents didn't like to have her go,
but she insisted. So they kissed her and
sent her away.

She went to the Weston School at 175
North Wabash avenue for some time — and
then, last June, she had a quarrel with her
aunt and went to live at 1809 West Wilson
street.

She made the acquaintance of Thomas
Hazen of 4009 Jackson boulevard and
Mandy quit the school. Only she wasn't
Mandy any more. Her name was Thdma
Beyers.

Hazen and the girl, who is only 16 years
old, were arrested by Detective Sergeant
George £. McCormick and Mandy wept
and told her story.

It had been a gay life, she said, fasci-
nating and swift.

But if mother and ''dad" down in Sid-
don, Bl., will forgive her she will go home
and stay there for good.

But Mandy is needed as a witness against
Hazen and five other young men for whom
warrants were obtained yesterday.

And she will have to appear against the
proprietors of the Congress Caf6, Charley
West's, the CM De Luxe, the Delaware,
and eight or ten other caf^ which sold her
gin fizzes, highballs and other drinks; and
against the owners and proprietors of eight
or ten hotels that admitted her — a girl just
out of short skirts— without asking ques-
tions.

Then there is a woman of a good family
on the West Side who will be charged with
contributing to the delinquency of a minor.

So it will be a long time before Mandy
can go home.

VIOLATION OF MANN ACT

Kansas City Star

Michael O'Rourke loved his wife and his
two little daughters and their little home.
That was in Airdale eight years ago.

Then one day Michael discovered some-
thing that broke him up completely. His
little girls' mother was not the kind of
woman he had believed her to be. It cost
Michael more than outsiders could realize,
but he got a divorce. The court gave him
the custody of his daughters, Rosie and
Maggie.

He brought them to Kansas City in an
effort to forget — and to get away from
their mother. He put them in St. Joseph's
Orphan Home, Thirty-first and Jefferson
streets, and went to work there himself as
coachinan.

But the mother did not stay in Airdale.
She followed her children here and tried
to take them away from the home. Several
times she tried it, but the watch kept on
the little girls was too dose and she did
not succeed. At last, Michael, fearing that
sooner or later he would lose them, gave up
his job and took the girls away. Rosie, the
elder, did not want to go. Even in those
days she was attached to her mother.

Michael took Rode and Maggie to Se-
attle, where he put them in a convent.
Most of his earnings went to pay for keep-
ing them there. After a year or two he
joined the navy and intrusted to Unde
Sam the payments for their education from
his wages as a sailor.

The long voyages kept him from seeing
them more thim once or twice a year and
he fancied they were forgetting him. That,
and the difficulty of providing for them on
what he was earning, made him desperate.
He deserted the navy. He took his daugh-
ters from the convent and made a home
for them.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

One day when he was away at work a
vefled woman drove up to the cottage in a
motor car.

"Why, it's manmial'' exclaimed Rosie,
and rushed to greet her.

When the woman drove away, the girls
and their belongings went with her.
Michael came home that night to an empty
house.

He found them in Airdale — ^in their
mother's house, where the blinds were
drawn all day long. He started habeas
corpus proceedings and got back the
younger girl, then 15 years old. Rode had
become 18 in the meantime and refused to
leave her mother.

Michael took Maggie to St. Louis and
put her in a convent there. Up to this time
the government officials had not troubled
him and he had almost forgotten that his
desertion was still hanging over him. But
someone told, and Michael was arrested.
He was convicted and taken to the naval
prison in New Hampshire.

A short time later a woman in a motor
car stole Maggie from the convent. This
time there was no one to follow them.

Yesterday in Airdale a house was raided
by government officers. Rosie and Maggie
were found there. Their mother, who is
known now as Mrs. Pearl Perldns, was
arrested. She was charged with transport-
ing Rosie from Seattle in violation of the
Mann Act. She will be arraigned before
the United States commissioner in Spring-
field today.

Rode has gone far on the path her
mother led her. Maggie was rescued from
the same life in the nick of time.

Michael, in his cell, can only wonder
what has become of them.

CAPTURE OF ESCAPED CONVICT

Chicago Inter Ocean

Every evening at 5:33 a fast train
whizzes through the mining town of Den-
ville, HI., favoring the little, box-like sta-
tion with a deridve flirt of its tail car as
it takes a curve. Every evening at 5:30,
except when infrequent duties interfere, it

is the custom of the village constable of
Denville to saunter up to the "deepo''
and solenmly watch the flyer pass. Once,
they say, a pretty girl waved to him from a
Pullman window.

George Brown, station agent at Denville,
knows the constable's time as well as that
of the train. When he thought it was get*
ting pretty near the hour for the appear-
ance of constable and flyer yesterday after-
noon, he looked at his watch. It was 5:20
o'clock.

The station agent was particularly anx-
ious to see the constable, for he had real
news to relate. A short time before, an-
swering a ring at the station tdephone, he
had b^ informed by the deputy warden
at Joliet penitentiary that Matthew Stam,
a life convict, with two coldblooded mur-
ders to his discredit, had escaped from the
prison and was believed to be headed in the
direction of Denville.

"He's a cool hand and a mighty desper-
ate man," warned the warden. "Don't
take any chances with him if you see him."

A few minutes later, while Brown was
straining his ears for the distant sound of
the flyer's whistle and his eyes for a glimpse
of the constable, a man wearing an ill-
fitting, rough, all-enveloping garment of
blue and a blue cap of the same material,
walked into the station.

"When is the next train to St. Louis?"
he asked, his eyes boring into Brown's.

The station agent had instantly recog-
nized the odd garb of the man before him
as the Joliet uniform. He fought to keep
his tone even and casual as he replied:

" Can't get out tonight."

Brown turned away, pretending to oon«
suit a time card hung behind the wicket.
Really he was looking out the window,
hoping to see the familiar form of the con-
stable.

"Well, ain't you curious about me?" de-
manded his vidtor. " How do you think I
got here?"

"Beat a freight, I suppose," Brown has-
tily guessed. "That's agahist the rules,
but I always have a lot of sympathy for
a man like you. What's your trouble?"

"Broke I" said his vidtor, tersely. "I

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ain't had nothing but hard luck these last
five years.

In the distance the whistle of the flyer
tooted. The man in blue eyed a stack of
bills in the open cash drawer.

"I don't know whether to beat it or to —
to visit a while with you/' he murmured,
glancing at the station door, and then back
again at the cash drawer.

Brown consulted the time card again —
and looked out the window, inwardly
breathing a prayer. Sure enough, there
was the constable, trudging down the road
toward the station, a bit behind schedule
but not speeding to make up lost time.

"I guess you — you'd better — stay!"
said the agent.

Brown went through a few tense mo-
ments after that remark, that he said
later he wouldn't experience again ''if
they made me president of the road."

The constable took up his stand, not on
the station platform, as usual, but a couple
of hundred feet away. Stolidly he watched
the flyer pass, then looked undecidedly
toward the station. He seemed to be de-
bating whether or not to forego his routine
visit with the agent. Twice he turned his
back and started away, only to halt, wheel
and resume his meditation. A Niagara
of sweat coursed down Brown's cheeks as
he waited. The man in blue was standing
close to the wicket, still peering into the
drawer. His right hand was in his hip
pocket.

Brown dared direct his gaze out the win-
dow no longer. He stood silently watching
his blue-clad visitor, waiting to see what
would be in his hand when it came from
the bulging hip pocket.

Then the station door opened. In it
stood the constable. He took in the sig-
nificance of the blue figure as Brown's
sinister visitor wheeled, and the Denville
police revolver, rusty with age, but loaded,
flashed from his pocket.

" Hands up I" remarked the constable.

Ten minutes later Matthew Stam, es-
caped "lifer," who had worsted the re-
straining walls of Joliet, was held securely
a prisoner in the amateurish village cala-
boose.

Stam, who is 26, shot and killed two
Joliet business men, who had the misfor-
tune to resist him when he robbed their
stores. The "five years of hard luck" had
been spent in prison, where, despite his
criminal record, he became a "trusty"
through good conduct in the penitentiary.
At 7:30 o'clock yesterday morning he was
given a message to deliver outside the
prison walls. When he did not return with-
in an hour two posses of guards, deputies
and policemen started on his. trail and
word was flashed through the surrounding
territory. Denville is about twenty miles
southeast of Joliet.

STORY OF ESCAPED CONVICT

Chicago News *

Lockup Keeper O'Malley brought him
out of the cell in the detective bureau and
he stood in the sun, blinking — a little man
with brown eyes and a sober, deadly sober
face.

"A fella wants to see you, George
O'Brien," said Lockup Keeper O'Malley,
and left the little man, an escaped "lifer"
from Joliet, standing against the cell wall
and blinking. The sun that came through
the dirty basement window fell f uU on his
face and he stood staring into it, twisting
his felt hat in his hands.

"They'll take me back in the morning,"
said the little man, as if he were talking to
himself, as if he were repeating something
he had sat up all night in his cell thinking
about. "And I won't see her. I want to
explain to her. Good God."

It was a prayer. The little man's throat
trembled, the muscles of his face quivered
and his eyes glistened in the sun.

Four days ago the little man was mar-
ried, after three months of liberty. Four-
teen years lay behind him when he walked
away from the honor farm at Joliet. He
told the story himself, the whole story
without any omissions. But first he said
again:

"I don't care so much about going back;
I 'm used to the life down there. But they'll
• By Ben Heoht.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

put me in solitary, with ft ball and chain on
my feet, and I won't be able to see her for
six months— if I don't see her before they
take me back."

Tears came now and rolled over the
drawn face of the little man and his voice
was so low that the listener had to bend
down to hear.

"She didn't know about my being an
escaped lifer," he went on. "I couldn't
tell her. I was afraid. She was the first
woman who smiled at me after fourteen
years — ^when I got my job — and she was
like an angel to me.

"I want to see her and tell her— so's to
let her know all about it. I'll tell it to you,
and, if I don't see her, print it in your
paper just as I say — so's she can know."

The little man seized his listener's hand.
He couldn't talk, but he dung to the
hand until his voice cleared, and then he
said: "So shell know I was trying to live
straight — so she'll not think I was all
wrong."

So here's your husband's story, Mrs.
O'Brien, the story he never told you be-
cause you seemed like an angel to him and
he was afraid of losing you. The3r'll tie
ball and chain on his feet and seat him in a
cell for six months and then they'll take
the ball and chain ofif and let him live in-
side the walls the rest of his life. Never
mind Hiat. He said he didn't care if he
could only get this story to you, so that
you wouldn't think rotten of him, Mrs.
O'Brien.

"If I could only see her for a minute,"
he murmured, and then he went on as he
had promised.

"I was a kid," he said, "about 17, and
I had a good home. But I fell in with a lot
of fellows who weren't any good. And one
of them — ^Larsen — ^planned to hold up
somebody. He got me to get a gun for him
and we both went out. The gun was half
cocked and it went off in the holdup and
the man was killed. I was standing away
at the time. I was a kid. They sent us
both up for life. That was in 1901. And I
lived in the prison until July. D'ye under-
stand? Every day was the same, every
night was the same, and I lived in the

prison for fourteen years. D'ye under-
stand? And they made me an honor con-
vict.

The little man laughed.

"I saw fellas come for worse things than
I'd done — ^regular criminals — and get
out, pardoned. And they'd come back
again — and get out. And I lived in the
prison. Fourteen years. All the time I was
young. Every day was the same. And I
dreamed of gettin' out. But they wouldn't
pardon me. I never knew any politicians.
I was only a kid when they sent me up.

''And every night was the same. Good
God. I wanted to get out. I wanted to
live. I knew I was straight. There was
nothing wrong with me. I was only a kid
when it happened. And I learned in the
prison. It was fourteen 3rears."

The little man's face was shaking and
his hands trembled as if they were on fine
springs.

"So one day I walked out. I was an
honor convict. I broke my pledge. But
I knew, I knew I could be straight. And I
wanted to live. Every day was the same
down there. Tell her that," said the little
man. "You can write it better'n I can
talk it. But get it to her — ^I was only a
kid when they sent me up — and every
day was the same and I wanted to live.
Then I got out. I went to Lakeside and
boarded. My brother knew, but didn't
tell. He gave me a chance. I got a job.
They didn't ask me for references. It was
with the American Motor Machine Com-
pany. The fella looked at me and hired
me. I worked. They raised my pay after
I'd been there a month. I was livin'
straight.

"And then I met Sarah Wilson. She
worked in the office. I used to dream of
women — of some one like her — and she
liked me, even though I am a little feUa.
Aw say, she was an angel. If I could only
see her for a minute — ^to tell her."

The little man was shaking all over.

''We got married four days ago," he
went on, " and I had it all plann^. No-
body was goin' to know about me bein'
a lifer. I was goin' to forget it myself . Say,
I was happy."

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

A rare Bmile came into the little man's
face.

"Say, I had a home — a home."

The smile changed and he laughed in a
peculiar way. He laughed until Lockup
Keeper O'Malley looked up and said: "Cut
it out!" And then he went on talking.

"I had it all planned — every bit. I
was a good worker, had a job in the stock-
room. I was going to live with her. Last
night she called me out of the kitchen.
I was fixing the sink. I came out all snul-
ing. I liked company and she said there
was someone to see me.

" I came out. God. I'll never forget. I
came out in my slippers — say, they were
waitin' at the door, six of them. And they
took me away. Tliey didn't let me talk
to her. They took me away and I won't
see her again — ^if she don't hurry up and
come. They'll take me down this morn-
ing. But I don't care if you'll print this
story — say, I don't care. I'm used to it.
Only get it over to her — God— and I'll
pray for you."

"George O'Brien I" called a voice down
the stairway. ''He's here," said Lockup
Keeper O'Malley. Two men, one of them
the parole agent, came walldng down the
steps. "They're takin' me back," whis-
pered the little man. The two men walked
over to him. One of them dangled a pair
of handcuffs.

BXnCIDE OR ACCIDENT

New York MaU

With gas pouring from an open jet in a
bathroom adjoining his sleeping room,
I^rederick H. Herman, the indicted ex-
president of the Universal Reserve Life In-
surance Company, was found dead in his
bed to-day at his home, 851 East Seventy-
eighth street.

He drew his last breath Just as his family
entered the room.

Members of Mr. Herman's family scouted
the theory of suicide, declaring that his
death was purely the result of an accident.
The police reported the case as a "sup-
posed suicide from gas poisoning."

Coroner Acritelli, after making an ex*
amination of Mr. Herman's room, said
that death undoubtedly had been due to
accidental gas asphsrxiation.

The coroner said that his phjnddan,
Dr. Weston, would make an examination
of the body this afternoon, and that an
inquest would be held later this week.

Dr. Ralph Wilson, of 836 Madison ave-
nue, who was summoned immediately, de-
clared that the gas in the room was not
enough to have caused death alone, and
that Mr. Herman had died from a combina-
tion of heart trouble and gas inhalation.

Mr. Herman, said Dr. Wilson, also had
been a sufferer from diabetes, and in his
weakened condition was not so able to re-
sist the influence of the gas as a man in
normal health.

The discovery was made by Mrs. Her-
man at 5.30 a. m. She slept in a room along-
side that of her husband. On awaking she
smeUed gas and went to Mr. Herman's
room to investigate.

Adjoining the bedroom is a bathroom,
the door of which was open. The gas was
coming from that room.

Mrs. Herman hurriedly summoned the
butler, who went into the bathroom and
found that the valve of a pipe leading to a
small gas heater was open. This he shut off .

Dr. Wilson was telephoned for, but be-
fore he arrived Mr. Herman was dead.
Two or three minutes after Mrs. Herman
entered her husband's room his son, Fred-
erick R., went there in response to his
mother's call. He found his father propped
up in his bed just breathing. At the elder
Herman's side lay an opened magazine and
his eyeglasses.

Windows were thrown open and an at-
tempt made to revive Mr. Herman but it
was unsuccessful.

The gas was carried to the heater by
a pipe that led from the wall. There were
two valves on the pipe, one near the wall
and the other near the heater.

The family declares that the lower valve
had been turned off, but that the one at the
wall was on fuU and in some way the gas
had succeeded in escaping.

John L. O'Brien, the personal counsel

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

for Frederick H. Herman, was notified of
his client's death and arrived at the house
shortly after. Mr. O'Brien saw reporters
who called at the house, explaining that
members of the family did not care to be
interviewed.

Mr. O'Brien denied that Mr. Herman
committed suicide. He said that the cir-
cumstances surrounding his death made
it appear that it had been accidental.

" Mr. Herman's death was purely acci-
dental; of that I am convinced," said Mr.
O'Brien. " He was not worried by the civil
litigation in which he was engaged with the
receivers of the Universal Reserve Life
Insurance Company, and he long ago be-
came satisfied that he would never be
brought to trial for the criminal indict-
ment that was hanging over his head in
connection with the alleged misuse of
money to influence legislation at Albany.

''If it had been Mr. Hennan's plan to
take his life by gas he would have gone about
it differently. The gas in his own room was
turned off, and it is reasonable to assume
that if he had had suicide in mind he would
have turned on the gas in his room.

"He was fully twenty feet away from
the gas heater in the bathroom and there
was a constant current of air flowing be-
tween the two rooms.

"There was some trouble with the fur-
nace, and Mr. Herman, who likes his room
warm, had turned on the gas in the bath-
room. Air was coming from the open fur-
nace register.

" It is evident that Mr. Herman had been
reading, had gone into the bathroom and
turned off the valve near the heater, had
then returned to bed, read a while, and
finally turned out his own gas.

"He went to bed at 11.30, and must
have remained up reading through the
night.

"I had never seen Mr Herman more
optimistic than he was in the last few weeks.
He had been busily engaged with me in
preparing for litigation in connection with
the Universal Reserve Company affairs.
He had no financial troubles that I know
of. His family life was most peaceful and
happy."

Mr. Herman's bedroom was on the sec-
ond floor, directly over the parlor. Other
members of his family slept on the same
floor and the servants on the floor above.

Mr. Herman's son, Frederick R., his
daughter-in-law, Ethel, and the latter's
mother, Mrs. William Wilson of 961 Col-
umbia Avenue, Worcester, Mass., were in
the house. Mrs. Wilson had come to New
York to spend the holidays with her
daughter and son-in-law.

Dr. Wilson, on being questioned by re-
porters, said:

"The case appeared to be purely acci-
dental. The gas was escaping from the
stove, and from all appearances, after Mr.
Herman had turned off the gas, he acci-
dentally turned it on again. Mr. Herman
had a weak heart, and the gas undoubtedly
affected him more quickly than it would a
person with a stronger heart."

Dr. Wilson said that shortly before 6
a. m. he called up the coroner's office to
report the death, and a clerk there told
him to notify the police. This was done,
according to the physician, and a police-
man from the East Sixty-seventh street
station arrived at the house. «>>

An ambulance was also sent to the resi-
dence, although, according to Dr. Wilson,
he had told the police that he was a phy-
sician and that Mr. Herman had been dead
for some time.

NoTB. — The different points of view from
wMch the same facte may he told in news atoriea
are very wdt ahoum in the two following 6a>
amplea.

SUICIDE

(1)
New York World

Facing starvation, Victor Schwartz and
his wife, Louise, a respectable old Swiss
couple, conmiitted suicide yesterday by in-
haling illuminating gas in their rooms back
of a small confectionery and stationery
store, which they carried on at No. 85
Arnold street, Williamsburg.

Each was sixty-seven years old. They
had made careful preparations for their

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

deaths. Every hole and crevioe in their
sparsely furnished rooms had been plugged
with paper and rags, and in several places
tacks had been driven into the woodwork
to make sure that neither the rags nor paper
would become dislodged. It was this ham-
mering on Sunday night which caused
neighbors to wonder what the old couple
were doing, as they always retired before
10 o'clock.

When the Schwartzes rented the store
and two rooms back of it eight months ago
for $12 a month, they told neighbors that
three years before their only child, a
daughter of thirty-one years, had died.
They said they had never recovered from
the shock.

Business during the summer had been
very poor, and of late Schwartz and his wife
had a hard struggle to get along. The
woman frequently told neighbors that she
believed their misfortune would soon end.
On Sunday evening Schwartz and his wife
distributed much of their stock in the store
to the children in the neighborhood. It is
evident that they had decided on suicide.

Mrs. Rose Black, who has a grocery ad-
joining the Schwartz store, and Mrs. Kate
Week, a second floor tenant, heard the
couple hammering in their rooms up to
midnight Sunday, and yesterday at day-
break the two women were the first to de-
tect the odor of illuminating gas from the
Schwartz apartments. Policeman McCaf-
frey, of the Hamburg avenue station, was
called in and, forcing an entrance, found
Schwartz sitting dead in a chair in the
kitchen, fully dressed. He had one end of a
rubber tube in his mouth, the other end of
which was fixed to an open gas burner. The
woman lay dead on her bed in a night dress
with a rubber tube in her mouth, fastened
to another open gas burner. Ambulance
Surgeon Sibbel, who came from the Ger-
man Hospital, said the couple had been
dead several hours. On a small card was a
request that Edward Black be telephoned
for at "421 Thirty-eighth street." A dime
lay on the card to pay for the telephone mes-
sage. In the room was found 67 cents. The
bodies were removed to the Brooklyn
Morgue.

(2)
New York Timea

"Auntie Schwartz" was the way in
which Mrs. Louise Schwartz soon came to
be known to the children of the neighbor-
hood when she and her husband, Victor,
each of them 67 years old, opened a small
candy and stationery store at 85 Arnold
Street, Williamsburg, about eight months
ago.

Her small customers just kept the busi-
ness going in the little shop, but it was a
penny business, and when the rent of the
store was raised recently from $12 to $15
a month, "Auntie" Schwartz almost de-
spaired of continuing to make a living. Her
face grew sad and careworn, and one day,
when one of her little customers was griev-
ing over the loss of a pet doll which a dog
had chewed up, "Auntie" Schwartz did
not console her with a cheerful word and a
chocolate drop or two, as she was wont to
do. Instead she took her on her lap and
told of the little girl she had lost three years
ago. She did not explain that her "little
girl" had been 31 years old, and that she
had helped greatly in making a living for
the old folks, who were now staggering un-
der the burden of age, increased rent, and
a precarious trade. The old people seemed
always oppressed by the sadness of the loss
of their only child.

Day by day recently the children noticed
that "Auntie" Schwartz was less cheerful
that usual. Their elders seldom visited
the little store, and so none who might
have helped knew that old Victor Schwartz
and his wife were almost starving to death,
or that the old couple were slowly making
up their minds to end their troubles to-
gether.

So it was that the children were the
first to discover yesterday that the little
store was not open for business when they
passed it on their way to their first day at
school, and "Auntie" Schwartz lost many
pennies which her small customers had
intended to expend for lead pencils and
erasers. "Auntie" Schwartz had called
them all in on Sunday evening and had dis-
tributed among them all her small stock of

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

candy, telling them that she would have a
full new stock for the beginning of school.

Meantime, Mrs. Kate Week and Mrs.
Rose Black, who live above the store, were
pujszled by the odor of gas which perme-
ated their apartments. At last the women
traced it to the store, which they found
closed and locked. The gas came from the
two living rooms which the Schwartzes oc-
cupied behind their store, and Mrs. Week
and Mrs. Black finally got Policeman Mc-
Caffrey of the Hamburg Avenue Station to
smash down the door.

The policeman and the women found the
old man seated in a chair in the kitchen, a
gas tube clutched between his teeth, the
other end of which was made fast to a gas
jet. He was dead. In the little bedroom
they found also the body of Mrs. Schwartz
dead like her husband from the gas which
she had Jnhaled. Like him, too, she had
tied the tube around her head, so that it
should not slip from her mouth.

A search of the rooms showed that the
(Ad couple had been in the most abject
poverty. Only 67 cents was found in the
flat.

SUICIDE

Milwaukee SerUind

CHICAGO, HI., March 3.— Emma John-
son died on Monday. She was the grave
faced little seamstress from La Crosse,
Wis., who used to sit every day near a
dingy window at 42 Wilson avenue, ply-
ing her needle in silence, wearing an ex-
pression like that of a nun. And every one
said she ''looked so peaceful."

But the coroner's jury found that the
little woman, in whom no one would have
suspected deep emotion, had been tem-
pestuously in love, that she had not been
able to win the man she wanted, and that
she had sat there at her seams, "praying
for strength to wait for a natural death.''
She did not want to kill herself. But she
did.

She went to the home of Mrs. Jennie
Nc^n, 4212 North avenue. Mrs. Nelson's
broths, William Larson, is the man she

wanted to marry. He "was fond of her,
too," as Mrs. Nelson said, "but his health
was poor and he did not want to marry for
the present."

Emma Johnson turned on the gas and
died. She left a letter, in which e^e said:

"Dearest Friends — ^When you have
read this I have crossed the bar. Ambition,
energy and strength have deserted me and
every hope and dream is shattered. Death
is the only relief. I have called upon
heaven to save me from myself — ^to send
me a natural death. I don't want to die
like this. I want to live and be happy, but
that is not to be.

"I've had my hell here, but it is hard
to go like this, hard to bring this sorrow
upon my folks, bitterly hard.

"For the one who has driven me to do
this I feel only love, and if I am permitted
to enter heaven I shall wait for him.

"Perhaps he will love me then; he will
fed bad about this, but help him under-
stand that I forgive all, and I hope some
one else will be to him what I never could,
a joy and a comfort, and that she may
make him happy as I had hoped to do.
I wish I could look upon the faces of my
dear father and brothers and sisters again.
I can't still the voice in my heart. I
haven't the strength. Forgive me and
pray for me. Only another lost soul."

SUICIDE OF SCHOOL GIRL

Chicago TrSbune

Rose Lubin's younger brother. Max,
wanted help with his "home work" last
night. Rose, who is 16, is proud of her
standing at the head of the eighth grade
in the Winfield school.

"I can't do niy own work and yours,
too," she told Max. "I've got enough to
keep me busy till bed time and I'm not
going to lose my marks on your account."

Max went to his father and the father
went to Rose.

"If you don't help your brother I'll take
you out of school," said Lubin.

Whereupon Rose changed her mind
about the manner in which the nickel she

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

bad earned in the afternoon was to be
spent. She bought acid with it, returned
to her home at 951 West Fifteenth street,
and drank the poison.

Rose will not be at echoed today. Per«
haps she will never go back. She is in the
county hospital. Physicians there fear
she will not recover.

CAUSE OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE

New York Evening Pott

Mary Stober, eighteen years old, of 951
East 135th Street, who tried to kill herself
last week (Friday) because she has no piano,
is home again from the Lincoln Hospital,
and is starting in to live again in a world
where no hope is, since she cannot have a
piano.

To dream every night that you have
a piano and ''play just grand," and then
wake up to hear the alarm dock buzzing
six o'clock; to forget where you are, and
half dose your eyes and pretend that the
movements your fingers are making are
on a piano, instead of having something
to do with the bobbin of a machine in
an embroidery factory; to hear beautiful
music suddenly in the midst of your work,
and listen, startled and ecstatic, for a mo-
ment until it is lost in the endless whirring
of the machines — ^these things, if you have
never done them, may seem a certainty
that life is, after all, very splendid while
there is such a thing as imagination, and
that the gray of it is woven full of unex-
pected and vivid threads of color.

Or it may impress you as deliciously
funny that the lack of a piano can seem
tragic, if you have a big enough view of
tragic things to see that some of them are
greater. But to this girl, who does them
every day and night of her life, they are
simply the things which have twice made
her try to kOl hmelf,the reason why she is
<< disgusted, always disgusted," as she says,
very simply.

Mary Stober has a pale, strong face,
with a stubborn chin and a wistful smile,
very gray eyes, light brown hair in a bang
on her forehead, andvery zed lips. She

looks very young and very determined and
very wistful and somewhat sullen. Her
hands are red and rough and square-
fingered fvom hard work.

She was dusting one of the rooms this
morning in the soggy apartment house of
which her mother is janitress, and where
they and the six other children live and
pay half-rent. She goes back to the factory
on Monday. She sat down in one of the
innumerous chairs to tell her story, finger-
ing the grimy dust-doth with her red fin-
gers, which are never quiet for a minute.
Her mother stood up through the recital —
the little German mother who speaks Eng-
lish only brokenly, who wears a little shawl
over her head while she sweeps down the
long flights of stairs and who used to play
the piano herself when she was a girl in
Germany— and looked at Mary with a
worried, gentle, almost heartbroken look.

"When I was ten — ^that was when I
stopped school and went to work — ^I
thought always about when I would be
eighteen and a grand piano player," Mary
began, fingering the dust-doth. '"Then I
was eighteen and I didn't have a piano yet,
and I was almost crazy. Eight years I
have worked, and I haven't got anything
yet. And what's worrying me now is where
we're going to go. We can't stay here.
Other places we've been we've had coal
and things, and our money could all go for
the food and dothes. But now we've got
to pay for a stove and coal."

She and her sister, who is nineteen and
who can play the piano by ear when she
can find one to play — Mary herself can
only play with one hand by ear, and ''peo-
ple don't like to hear that kind o' playing,"
she says — and the oldest brother, are the
only ones who make money. Mary makes
seven ddlars a week. All of these details,
which she tells simply, go to show that
there is little hope for a piano. The little,
crumpled mother from behind the chair
she is leaning on says, in her broken way,
that a piano is not so easy to get, and looks
hopdesdy at her daughter.

"Then we got phonograph, but she only
cry every time he play," the mother
said.

POLICE NEWS AND CRIME

«'

I can't bear to hear it/' interrupted
Mary. "Tdrather play myself."

And so finally the brother took the
phonograph away, about a month ago,
since it only made the girl more miserable
than ever.

''And in every house I go to/' she said,
"there is a piano. And one girl comes to
the factory, saying she can play grand,
and her father wants her to play in a caba-
ret. She's only sixteen, too. I can't be
^PPy/' she finished simply. ''I can't "be
happy. And it gets my goat when anybody
lau{^. And every single night I dream
I've got a piano and play so nice, and
every day at work I imagine I am playing.
All I want to do is to play a piano. I don't
want clothes. If I have good clothes the
girls would want me to go out with them,
and I don't want to go out. It is only
trouble comes of it. All I want to do is to
stay home and play the piano."

All the family like music, it seems, ''but
none of them but me would die for it," she
says. "And my father hated it. He wanted
me only to work, day and night to work,
since I was ten. But he's gone away now.
They took him away — ^Randall's Island."
It was when the father was home, though,
and earning a little now and th^i, that the
phonograph, which proved a doubtful bless-
ing, was made possible.

Mary Stober says, and her chin looks
very square, that she knows she could pay
for lessons— she would walk to the factory
instead of riding and go without lunch — ^if
she only had a piano to practice on at home.

It was a mixture of lysol and iodine that
she took last week — ^e only things she
could find. "I don't care what I take," she
says, "if I can't get what I want. Eight
years I've worked and I haven't gotten
anything yet." It was last August that
she tried before to kill herself.

CHAPTER V
' cbhunal and civil cottbts

l^e of stoiy. As all forms of judicial procedure are included under
court news, stories of this class cover such matters as police court news,
criminal trials, civil suits, divorce suits, bankruptcy, wills and other probate
court matters, decisions of higher courts, and findings of judicial officers.
Since much court news is of a routine character, the matter-of-fact informative
news story is a frequent medium for presenting it. This does not imply that
such news is necessarily dry and iminteresting, for by bringing out salient
and significant phases of such matters as decisions of higher courts, legal doc-
uments, wills, and bankruptcy cases, as well as of criminal and civil suits,
the facts of the news can be made of interest even to the casual reader
(cf. "Supreme Court Decision," p. 88, and "Opinion of Attorney General,"
p. 90). Criminal and civil cases often have a strong human interest element
that, if rightly developed, may be a valuable part of the story (cf. "Criminal
Court," p. 83, and "Supreme Court Decision," p. 89). The httle comedies
and tragedies of the pohce court have long been favorite subjects for enter-
taining and appealing human interest stories (cf. "Municipal Court," p. 78,
and "Forgery Case," p. 78).

Purpose. To give fair and accurate publicity to significant phases of the
administration of justice is the obvious reason for the publication of court
news. Court proceedings, like those of legislative bodies, are activities of
important branches of government and hence are matters of public concern.
In reporting sessions of these bodies, the writer's aim should be to direct the
reader's attention to those details of the proceedings (1) that are significant
to him personally, (2) that afifect the interests of the community, and (3)
that relate to the welfare of society as a whole.

The wide-spread publicity given by newspapers to the punishment in-
flicted on wrong-doers tends to deter others from similar illegal acts, and
thus aids in accomplishing the chief object of punishment. "The wages of
sin is publicity," as one editor has expressed it. What has been said of the
value of constructive stories of crime apphes with equal force to stories of
criminal trials.

Destructive, or anti-social, influences, opposed to the best interests of
organized society, are found in those court stories — particularly those of

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS 77

criminal and divorce cases — that play up disgusting or scandalous phases
of such trials in order to gratify the morbid taste of some of their readers.
Another evil connected with the newspaper's trealpient of court news is
the so-called 'Hrying the case in the newspaper" by means of news stories
and editorials published before or during a trial. Some newspapers under-
take to prove the innocence or, the guilt of an accused person by printing
whatever evidence they can secure, even though some of it would be excluded
from the trial under the rules of evidence. In this way they create public
opinion and arouse public feeling to such an extent as to prevent the accused
person's having the fair trial to which he is entitled.

Treatment of material. To find matters of general significance and in-
terest, particularly when they are buried in legal technicalities and verbiage,
and to present them clearly and attractively without sacrificing accuracy,
are the main problems in handling court news. The task is not an easy one,
but it is worth doing well, for court news, if well treated, can be made
interesting and significant even to the casual reader.

The body of court news stories usually consists of summaries of argu-
ments, decisions, testimony, or legal documents, or of excerpts from them,
with the necessary connective material. In some instances the story is
largely a history of the case or action and of the persons jinvolved. The lead
is usually determined by the status of the case. Any one of the important
points may be made the feature.

Testimony in news stories is given in one of three forms: (1) the ques-
tion indicated by "Q" and the answer by "A," both question and answer
given in one paragraph without quotation marks, (2) the question and the
answer in quotation marks, each followed by the necessary explanatory
matter and each in a separate paragraph, like verbatim conversation in
fiction, (3) a summary of the testimony of each witness in indirect quotation
form, with the name of the witness at or near the beginning of the first
sentence of the summarized testimony.

Contents of story. Because of the variety of material presented by dif-
ferent kinds of court news, it is difficult to indicate specifically the points to
be considered in each story. Among the important details, however, are
(1) the verdict and the conditions under which it was rendered, (2) the
sentence imposed, (3) the decision rendered and its significance, (4) im-
portant testimony, (5) net results of the day's proceedings in a trial, (6) the
history of the case or action, (7) provisions of a will, (8) liabiUties, assets,
and cause in bankruptcy, (9) the award, or finding, (10) the grounds on
which a suit is based.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

POLICE CX)URT CASE

Savannah News

If you own an automobfle and are fond
of joy rides in the evening, it will be a good
idea to keep your weather ^ye on the gaso-
lene tank, for none will be filled in Savan-
nah after sundown if the efforts of the fire
department are successful.

Chief John H. Monroe is seeking to have
enforced the ordinance prohibiting the
handling of gasolene after sundown, be-
lieving it will reduce the fire hazard.

Every city has a number of laws that are
forgotten because they are seldom en-
forced. This is true of the gasolene ordi-
nance here. It was not generally known
that such a law was on the statute books
until Barney Kolman was arraigned in the
Police Court yesterday, charged with vio-
lating it by selling fuel to a motorist at
night. He was fined $10 or thirty days in
jail by Judge John E. Schwarz and the
fine was remitted.

''No gasolene shall be handled in any
way for charging or filling any tank or
repository by artificial light, and never at
all after sundown," reads the ordinance,
passed in 1906. A fine of not more than
$100 and imprisonment not exceeding
thirty days, eitiber or both, is i»:ovided.

"It is dangerous to handle such a fire
producer as gasolene after sundown be-
cause people become careless and in many
cases use open torches, candles or matches,
to get enough light to see what they are
doing," said the fire chief. ''Such care-
lessness leads to increased danger from
gasolene explosions."

It was because of efforts of the fire de-
partment to stop violations of the law,
which, it is said, have become common,
that Kolman, whose place of business is at
No. 435 West Bond street, was docketed.

The ordinance was passed April 13,
1004, and amended Oct. 10, 1906, and
August 14, 1907.

Recorder Schwarz remarked, in hearing
the case against Kolman, that he had
never heard of the ordinance, and that if
it did exist he had seen it violated a num-
ber of times.

MUNICIPAL COURT

Kansas City Star

Down Main Street drove Carl Wilson,
1228 Jenifer Street, yesterday on the seat
of an undertaker's ambulance, blowing on
his fingers to warm them. Presently he
saw a familiar figure on the sidewalk. It
was Gus Hart, 2231A Holton Street.

"Hey, Gus," he called. "Come on and
take a ride."

Gus climbed to the seat beside Wilson
and smiled expansively.

"Fine day, ain't it?" said he.

"Yes, it ain't," said Carl. "I'm cold
through and through."

"Oh, this is real weather," said Gus. .

"How can any man like this?" said Carl
angrily. "You must be crazy."

"Crazy yourself," said Gus.

"Bmg!" said Carl's fist.

"Crack!" said Gus's chin.

Then they fought on the seat of the un-
dertaker's ambulance, while the horse took
the opportunity to snatch a few moments
of rest.

Both were taken into the South Side
Municipal Court this morning. Carl
looked at Gus and Gus at Carl.

"Say, judge," said Carl. "We're friends.
But even friends fall out about the weather.
Let uq off, will you?"

Acting Judge Casimir J. Welch let 'em
off.

FORGERY CASE

Milwaukee Sentind

With his young wife clasping him in her
arms and sobbing bitterly, Louis Short
stood with hanging head in District court
on Friday, heard himself branded as a for-
ger, and in a shaking voice told how he had
forged the check because his baby had died
and he had no money to bury the little
body.

A hush fell over the courtroom at the
sight of the young couple standing in the
prisoners' dock, mished and broken after
the bitter, losing fight against poverty and
temptation. They have been married

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

but two years and were happy in their
Uttle home in Chicago until the boy hus-
band lost his job.

Misfortunes crowded upon them after
that. They became driftwood on the sea of
life, washed hither and thither and finally
cast upon Milwaukee. Then the baby
died. It was the last blow, and nagging
temptation won its victory.

Short forged a check for $48 on the
German-American bank. He made it out
to Louis Short, signed the name "J. Seik-
ler, president/' and passed it in Mrs. Mary
Moore's saloon, 251 Herst avenue, on
July 28. With the money the baby was
buried. Then came the law and Short's
arrest.

Short pleaded guilty, admitted every-
thing, and tried to be brave. So did his
girl wife, but the strain was too much.
She broke down, threw her arms around
his neok and hid her face on his shoulder.

''O, Louis, Louis!" she sobbed.

Judge Neelen adjourned the case one
week, for there is a possibility that Short's
father will send him the money to pay Mrs.
Moore back.

CHILDREN'S COURT

New York Evening Sun

There was a soft patter on the floor of
the Children's Court this morning, and in
through the gates, swung open for them by
a tall policeman, advanced two little
maids, eyes cast down, doll feet taking
quick, sznaJl steps. Justice Wyatt brushed
aside the dry legal documents before him
and looked down from the bench with
more interest than he had displayed all the
morning. The benchers craned their necks
and the court officers were all eyes. Here
was something out of the usual routine —
two little Chinese maids. Somehow they
didn't fit into the picture of juvenile of-
fenders, mothers from the tenements full of
cares and burdened with babies, the mot-
ley array of parents, complainants, street
arabs and heavyfooted guardians of the
law. On the Yang-Tse-Kiang, perhaps,
tiie little maids would have fallen into

harmony with their surroundings, but not
in the hurly-burly of an Occidental court
room. Who were th^ and what was the
occasion of their coming?

An agent of the Children's Society ex-
plained. He was Obadiah Cunningham.
The almond-eyed visitors were the Misses
Moy You Toy and Chin Fung Toy, who
had strayed beyond the boundaries of the
three crooked streets which mark the
limits of the local Chinatown. For two
moons the quarter had been upset. The
joss gave no comfort when his aid was
sought and one night threw the luck sticks
into the air in his temple ever so many
times; but no matter if they came down
with the wished for side uppermost, not a
word came from beyond the pale, out of
the wide spreading territory of the '' white
devils," about either Moy You Toy or
Chin Fung Toy — that is, not until this
morning, when the lost were found again
and taken to the Children's Court. Then
the Chinese women — ^the men do not care
so much about the disappearance of a girl
as of a boy — could once more eat with a
relish their dried fish, and duck eggs dug
from the soil of their native land, in which
they had remained packed until the day
of consumption.

Chm Fung Toy and Moy You Toy, the
first named 13, and the other 14 years old,
trembled much in the presence of the
austere figure on the high seat, who they
had no doubt was a ruler of mighty power;
but he spoke kindly to them and they saw
that it was not his intention either to eat
them or cast them into a dark dungeon.
Still, though his voice was gentle, they
longed somehow to be at home again at
30 and 34 Mott street, respectively, to
look upon their own people and hear their
own tongue spoken.

It was not to be — ^not at once, anyhow.
The agent who had charge of them sub-
mitted a paper to the Magistrate, in which
was contained the information in terse,
legal phraseology that there was no proper
guardianship for the two maids, and Jus-
tice Wyatt committed them to the care
of the Society, setting the case down for
an examination next Wednesday. It was

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

represented to the Court that there was rea-
son to believe that their so-called parents
were not their parents at all. Superinten-
dent Jenkins of the Gerry Society prom-
ised to say something about that phase of
the question later. In the meanwhQe Moy
You Toy and Chin Fung Toy will look on
the world through the windows of the
Society's building at Twenty-third street
and Fourth avenue, and not from the
closely shuttered blinds of Mott street.

How were Chin Fung Toy and Moy
You Toy found? That is another story,
which has not been told yet; but there are
hints of interesting devdopments to fol-
low before the wanderings of the children
of Mott street become known.

The statements issued from the offices
of the Gerry Society this afternoon, state-
ments made by the little girls through an
interpreter, put an entirely different com-
plexion on tjieir disappearance and made
it appear that they had been little white
slaves in Mott street. They were both sold
like conmion chattels in China, they said,
and in the quarter they got more kicks and
blows than kindness. For instance, Moy
You Toy, after stating that she is 14 years
old, according to our reckoning, and 15
years old according to the Chinese, giving
the place of her nativity as Sung Hing dis-
trict, Moy-how city, said:

" My address has been 34 Mott street.
Room 11. My father died when I was very
young, and my mother married again and
left me alone with my grandmother, who
was very, very poor. I was sold to the
wife of Moy See Chai, who brought me
over here to America about two years ago,
and I have been with her ever since.

"I have had to work very hard in the
house, making buttons and button loops
from early morning until late at night.
When I take a rest I get scolded and beaten.
Whenever my mistress's boy called to me
to do certain things, and when I was not
able to do them fast enough, the boy would
beat me.

"I do not want to say ansrthing that is
not true against them; they fed me well,
of course, nothing luxurious.

'*My mistress often said to me: 'You

must be careful of Miss Banta [Miss Mary
E. Banta, superintendent of a school in
Chinatown]; you can't depend upon her
all the time, and complain to her and dis*
play your feelings' (meaning by this that I
should not make any complaints to Miss
Banta)."

The girl continued that her mistress
had even said to her, "If I killed you they
could only arrest me." Once, she added,
she got a terrible beating because she had
gone to the country with Miss Banta.

Chin Fung Toy or Choy said that there
was a man named Ing Yee Yue of Wash-
ington, D. C, who has a son and wife in
China, and that Fung Choy was sold to
his son.

'* I was sold to his son and was brought
to America by Pang Sam," she continued.
"Pang Sam was a friend of Ing's. I was
told that the price the son paid for me was
$160.

"I came from a village in China, but
don't know its name. About eight or nine
months ago Ing Yee Yue said he was going
back to China and was not able to keep me
any longer; he then brought me to New
York and sold me to Chin Hing for $500
gold. I have been with Chin Hing ever
since, about eight or nine months. I have
had to work in the family all the time, mak-
ing buttons and button loops for stores.
Some mornings I had to get up at 7 o'clock
and sometimes work right on until 2 o'clock
in the morning. I was not allowed to go
out.

"If I didn't work all the time I got
beaten, although I am told I was treated
much better than the former slave girls.
The other two were married. One is here
in New York yet and the other has gone
down South. I had to do all the wai^^g
— sheets and all. The only teaching I ever
received was from Miss Banta, who taught
me for an hour or so every Monday."

Fung Choy did not want to go back to
Mott street, after all, she told the Gerry
agents, no matter how downcast she may
have seemed in court. She would rather
die than be sent back to Mott street, sl^e
declared.

She won't be.

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

RUNAWAY BOY IN COURT
New York World

Morris Steiner is a bad boy and Morris
Steiner is a good boy, and whichever he is
most Magistrate Naumer in the Matbush
Court, Brooklyn, must soon decide.

Morris, now in Raymond Street Jail,
says he will not live with his stepmother.
He braved hunger and privation because
of this idea. He built himself a hut, lived
a queer gypsy life for weeks, cooked his
own meals and sl^t in his queer camp. He
did his own washing and cooking. And,
curious boy that he is, he did his own pray-
ing, which was that his own mother would
forgive him for running away, and would
come to him as he slept and kiss his fore-
head. That, he says, was the prayer he
made in his hut.

Morris, who is sixteen years old, could
never get along with his stepmother. He
has a brother eighteen years old and an-
other fourteen, and they live on good terms
with their stepmother. It was nine years
ago that the brisk little woman married
Aaron Steiner, a travelling salesman. He
was a widower with four children.

The Steiners have not only a comfortable
but a pretty home at No. 991 Sixtieth
street, Brooklyn. It possesses shade trees
and carefuUy trimmed hedges and a be-
flowered piazza. Mrs. Steiner said to a
World reporter there yesterday:

''Such a queer boy! This home is not
for him. He will not have it because I am
his stepmother. From the time he was
seven 3rears old he would hardly speak to
his father, because I had come to the home.
My other stepchildren love me. But he
will not. I could not pet him. He would
shrink from me. Or he would laugh. I
thought all the time that when he got older
it would be all right. But it was not. The
older he got the less he would think of this
as his home. He would always run away.''

This habit of the boy brought him into
the Flatbush Court yesterday on a charge
of being incorrigible.

When the boy disappeared the last time
he made his way to a spot about half a
mile from his home. It is in a garden over-

grown with rank weeds back of an aban-
doned carpenter shop. The lot is at New
York and Thirteenth avenues, Brooklyn.

The boy built a house of old planks,
nailed together with a carpenter-like pro-
ficiency. Inside he constructed for himself
a couch and a fireplace with a chimney out-
let; on a peg on the wall hung a stiff whisk-
broom with which the earthen floor might
be kept smooth.

The youngster also put up pegs on which
he hung an extra suit of clothes. He was
not without an artistic sense, for he nailed
to the walls cartoons and other newspaper
drawings, the most prominent one being
that of Ftesident Taft, with a background
portraying the reception on the return of
the ex-President and the lonely Taft ex-
claiming: " Nobody loves a fat man.'' The
boy was evidently in S3rmpathy with the
loneliness of the fat man.

For six weeks the youngster made his
home in this hut. Scraps of dry bread were
the only signs of food in the place when he
was arrested. But word was sent him that
one of his little stepsisters, of whom he was
very fond, had been awake all night crying
for his return. When he heard that he went
back home. It was tarue about the little girl
crying for him. But also, when he got back
his father handed him a summons to appear
in the Flatbush Police Court. At that the
boy flew into a rage. He tore the summons
to bits and flung them at his father. His
father thereupon caused his arrest.

In court yesterday the yoimgster stol-
idly looked at his stepmother. He frowned
at his father.

''Do you know," demanded the father,
"that you are arrested?"

" I don't care," said the boy.

" Don't you see what a trouble you are? "
insisted his parent.

The boy for answer tinned to the Judge.

"I can't live with my stepmother," he
said. "I don't do anything wrong. I don't
want to. But I get along by myself. I've
been living in my little hut, and I like it
there all by myself, with nobody to get
sore on me. That's all. I wish I could oidy
be left alone — ^that's all."

His Honor, with an eye on the youthful

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

f aoe, shook his head and held the boy in
$300 bail for a fiirther hearing Friday
morning.

CRIMINAL COURT EXAMINATION

MUwavkee Sentinel

For the first time the inner history of
the daring theft of the Boston store's
$3,500 pay roll from the messenger in the
First National bank on Feb. 15 was told
on Tuesday, when Joseph Wilson', awaiting
trial for complicity, turned state's evidence
against George O. Watts, in his preliminary
examination in District court.

Wilson said that Watts recruited in
Chicago a quintet for the express purpose
of " cracking a crib" in Milwaukee. Wilson
said that the theft of the money-laden
satchel was not premeditated, but that the
gang had set out to " work'' the banks.

According to Wilson's story, Chester
Bangs, who is now awaiting trial, cleverly
sneaked the satchel at the feet of the Boston
store messenger, and the other four " blank-
eted" him while he slipped out of the bank.

Watts, whom Wilson's testimony clearly
showed to have been an acoompUoe, was
bound over to Municipal court. Bail was
set at $9,000 despite Attorney W. H.
Rubin's plea for a lower figure.

Wilson said that the gang was composed
of Watts, Bangs, Oates, Carter and himself.
Of these, Oates and Carter are still at lib-
erty. The other three have been bound
over for trial.

Wilson told his story freely and fully,
using considerable slang.

''Two da3rs before this deal was pulled
off I had a talk with Watts in a saloon in
Chicago; he sent me a note by Oates to
meet him," said Wilson. '' I had been out
of jail four days. Watts asked me to come
in on the scheme of cracking a crib in Mil-
waukee and told me that he had three other
fellows to go along.

^'I agreed and Watts 'made a meet' op-
posite the union depot in time to take the
7 o'clock train to Milwaukee on Feb. 15.
We met there, the five of us, and came to
Milwaukee.

''After we left the station we stopped in
for a drink in a small .hotel at the comer
of the station park. Watts said: 'This'll
be a good place for a meet if we're piped
off.' After that we started in to work the
banks. We went to the First National twice.

"On the second trip we piped the mes-
senger filling his pay roll satchel. That was
our chance. It was fixed that Bangs should
turn the trick. We four sat on one of the
benches near a window. In a minute Bangs
signaled us to come up, and we did.

"While the messenger was looking over
some papers Bangs reached under and
grabbed the satchel. Then we crowded
around and blanketed him until he had
gotten out of the bank. Then we went out
and scattered. I saw Bangs, with the
satchel, hop on a street car.

"I walked up Wisconsin street and was
later joined by Oates. When we got in
front of the postoffice some one hoUered.
I turned aroimd. It was Bangs. We joined
him beside the building. He opened the
satchel, and I saw it was filled with paper
and silver. He kept the paper money, tied
in packages, and loaded all the silver on me.
Of course I did not count it, for we were
right on the sidewalk.

"That noon I caught an interurban car
for Racine at Clinton street. Watts was
on the car. He came and sat with me.

"'We come off pretty dean,' he said.
'There can't be no "rap" to this.' I told
him it was a fool trick to carry bo much
silver as I had in my bundle.

The whole bunch was on the car. Wh^i
the car stopped at a comer in Racine we
all got off and scattered.

" In a minute I decided that I was being
trailed. I caught up to Oates and told him
so. He told me to go in a saloon and find
out. I did, and the fellow trailing me came
in too. I went out of the saloon, saw Watts
and told him I was trailed.

" ' Ding that and duck,' he said, pointing
to my bundle.

"'Cover up and give me a chance,' I
said.

"He did, and I ducked down a side
street, but that fellow was still trailing me.
After walking about a quarter ndle I

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

stepped into a cigar store, for I'd made up
my mind to duck that fellow. I got the
proprietor to take me out in the back yard.
Then I climbed over two fences and hid in a
shed until dusk.

"Detective Sullivan nailed me about
9 o'clock that night.''

On cross-examination, Wilson freely told
his long criminal record, which includes
several convictions. He gave his age as 53
years. He said that Joseph Wilson is his
real name, but that he has used three

Asked what his business is, Wilson said:

" I'm a professional thief."

District Attorney A. C. Backus an-
nounced that he would file information
charging Watts with a second offense, for
whi<^ the penalty may be twenty-five
years in prison.

CRIMINAL CX)XJRT

Detroit News

Some 20 years ago a ragged little news-
boy stood shivering on a busy comer in the
heart of St. Louis. His last paper was yet
to be sold and his free hand jingled a pocket-
ful of loose coins. A hurrying pedestrian
snatched the final copy and thrust a nickel
in the hand of the boy. He did not wait for
change. Five minutes later the ragged and
cold and hungry boy stood with his nose
buried in a volume of "First Steps for
Chemists" in the musty atmosphere of a
second-hand book store.

Wednesday morning the same boy, now
grown to manhood, stood before the federal
court in Detroit and heard a stem judge
sentence him to 10 years in the federal
prison at Leavenworth and affix a fine of
$5,000 on three counts charging counter-
feiting. It was the cause and the effect.

The boy was Harry Wilson, alias Peter
Smith, said to be one of the cleverest coun-
terfeiters in the United States.

"I loved chemistry from the time I was
a boy," said Wilson from his cell. "That
was r^y my downfall. I was left alone in
the world when I was seven and I sold pa-
pers for years. I do not know why chm*

istry had such a fascination, but when I
was still in knee breeches and earning a
few pennies a day I saved until I could buy
second-hand books on the science. I studied
at every possible moment, and although
my English is not the best in the world, and
I may misspell many words, I am famil-
iar with the majority of chemical formulas
and I can spell any chemical symbol, drug,
instrument or process, Latin, Greek or
German.

"I longed for a laboratory of my o>m.
I wanted enough money to enable me to
give up my life to chemical research. To
achieve this I wanted a trade and engrav-
ing seemed to open the doors to a good sal-
ary, as well as allow me to come in contact
with chemicals. I got a position after I
had taught m3rself the rudiments of the
trade and discovered I had a talent for
drawing. But the salary I received did not
seem to be enough to allow me to obtain
the realization of the dreams for many
years.

"One day I picked up a magazine and
there was a story by Detective Bums on
counterfeiting. I read it and then read
several following stories. The idea came to
me slowly, bit by bit, that here was a way
whereby I could obtain enough to buy a
private laboratory. If I could make bills
good enough I thought they would continue
to circulate and no one would lose. I tried
it and I have failed. I am sorry, of course.
I am sorry I went wrong from a standard
of morals and more sorry from the stand-
point of what I might possibly have done
for the benefit of the world in chemical re-
search.

"Those unfortunate persons who were
convicted because they associated with me
must know how badly I feel over their ar-
rest. I do not know what they did before
they met me, but I fed personally respon-
sible for this bit of trouble and I wish I
could bear all their sentences. They would
never have known the horrors of imprison-
ment but for me. In a way they were tools
that I used and I do not believe any of
them knew just how serious a thing they
were getting into.

"I shall be as good a prisoner as I know

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

how, and should I be released before my
sentence is completed or should I have to
wait all the time, when I get out I am going
into chemistry with a determination to
give to the world more than I robbed it of."

MURDER TRIAL

New York Sun

Jack Rose's jester and the playboy of the
Rosenthal murder, Sam Schepps, testified
for six hours and a quarter yesterday in the
trial of Lieut. Becker, and exhibited the
qualities that made him the joy of the
gamblers in their lighter hours.

Murder trials are not supposed to be
humorous affairs and Justices bend se-
vere glances upon flippant witnesses, but
Schepps somehow dissipated the gravity
of the proceedings and lightened the black
tale of crime. Even the austere Judge per-
mitted his eyes to twinkle and some of the
Jurors laughed outright.

Schepps was so pleased with himself, so
proud of his skill in coping with John F.
Mclntyre, his inquisitor, so naive in his
appeals to Justice Goff, so pugnacious and
alert that his listeners were in smiles most
of the time. He took it for granted that the
court appreciated him at his own valua-
tion, and Justice Goff seemed to regard
him as an extraordinary specimen of an-
other world, one that must not be banged
about by counsel for fear of the total loss
of a ciuiosity worth studying.

But the amusing characteristics of the
State's principal corroborative witness by
no means lessened the effect of the testi-
mony he gave against Lieut. Becker. Re-
sisting every device of Mr. Mclntyre to
trap him into admitting he was an accom-
plice with Rose, Webber and Vallon, and
insisting that he was kept in the dark and
used only as an errand boy by Rose and
Webber, Schepps swore that the night
after the murder he talked with Becker in
Becker's house and that Becker sent this
message to Rose:

"Don't mind anything. Ill fix it all
right. They have to prove who killed Ros-
enthal before they can convict any one."

And Schepps added that Becker, in the
darkened diiiing room of the apartment,
wouldn't let him smoke and said:

"Don't light that match. Somebody
is across the street and if they see a light
they will suspect something. They have
been trailing me all day."

Schepps was an exasperating witness to
Mr. Mclntyre. He had the dimmest of
memories for times and dates, but he had
an extraordinary faculty for recalling pre-
vious statements, and he frequently cor-
rected the lawyer. Mr. Mclntyre resorted
to the traditional methods of hectoring
and storming and fist shaking, but Schepps
hectored and stormed and gestured back
at him. Once he called Mr. Mclntyre a
liar for saying he had paid the gunmen, and
while Mr. Mclntyre was fuming before
the jury and shouting that Schepps was
"a tiling," "a creature," the witness was
suavely and deferentially apologizing to
the court for "language that a gentleman
ought not to use."

Lieut. Becker's chief counsel concentrated
his efforts to make Schepps say something
that would indicate that he kaew Rosen-
thal was to be murdered and that he was
one of the conspirators. It was an attack
of the utmost importance to the defence.
A good deal of Becker's money had been
spent in an excursion to Hot Springs, made
for the purpose of showing that Schepps
had incriminated himself while there and
had exculpated Becker.

Lawyer Hart, who was with Rose the
night Schepps was with Becker, cross-ex-
amined Schepps about his conversations
with Hot Springs people and failed abso-
lutely to establish contradiction. Mclntyre
had tried his hand at this work previously,
and had raged when Schepps volunteered
the statement that one of the principal Hot
Springs witnesses for the defence had been
a pickpocket in New York for twenty years.

Mr. Mclntyre and Mr. Hart gave up the
cross-examination late in the evening, ap-
parently running out of ammunition. Mr.
Mclntyre insisted plaintively that he was
wearied, totally exhausted, unable to con-
tinue, which drew from Justice Goff, who
lias a very dry humor, the comment:

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

((

Tut, tut, Mr. Mclntyre. You talk of
being eidiausted. I am upward of 70 years
old."

Schepps was the only witness yesterday.
It had been the purpose of the prosecution
to call Mrs. Herman Rosenthal, but there
was no time left for the long examination
that would be necessary and Justice Goff
rather reluctantly consented to adjourn-
ment. The widow of the murdered gambler
will be the first witness to-day.

When Schepps appeared from the witness
room at 10: 30 A. M. all eyes were turned
in his direction. From the first he has been
one of the most interesting characters of
this case. His childlike vanity, his delight
at posing as an oracle among the rudely
informed men and women of the under-
world, his reputation for impudence and
wit, his adventures dodging detectives in
the Catskills and his sojourn among ad-
miring citizens in Hot Springs had given
him a kind of reputation second only to
that of Rose.

He was nervous at first. His sharp eyes
squinted behind his nose glasses and his
glances darted sidewise. He twisted his
fingers together and tried to cross his legs,
a proceeding frowned upon by the court
officer who stands at the witness chair.

He wore a blue suit, a black four-in-hand
tie and black low shoes, and he carefully
drew up his sharply pressed' trousers so
that his white silk socks would be ex-
posed.

As the day went on he lost much of his
nervousness and controlled his tendency to
flippancy, but he became more and more
pugnacious and more and more determined
that counsel for the defence should not get
the better of him.

Assistant District Attorney Frank Moss
conducted the direct examination. The
testimony was:

Q. Where do you live? A. Hot Springs,
Arkansas.

Q. What is your business? A. Portrait
enlarger.

Q. Do you know Jack Rose? A. Yes; I
have known him for fifteen or eighteen
years.

Q. Did you ever meet the defendant

Becker? If so, where? A. At the Lafayette
baths.

Q. Ever again? A. Yes, at the Sam Paul
raid.

Q. Did you ever carry to him a message
from Jack Rose? A. Yes.

Q. What was it? A. That Rose would
meet him at the Union Square Hotel.

Q. Were you at Dora Gilbert's house on
July 15? A. Yes.

Q. What were you doing there? A. I
was asked to go there by Rose to get an
affidavit for Becker.

Then he said that, after leaving Dora
Gilbert's, he drove with his friends to
Sharkey's, where the gray car was called
by telephone.

Q. Who drove it? A. William Shapiro.

Q. Who got into that car? A. Vallon,
Rose and myself.

Q. What did you do then? A. We went
up to Seventh avenue and 145th street.

Q. What did you do next? A. I stepped
out and pressed the bell of Baker and
Harris's apartment. Dago Frank put his
head out of the window and we called
him out. He got into the machine and
we went to Forty-second street and Sixth
avenue.

Q. Who did you find there? A. Sam
Paul, Lef tie Louie, Whitey Lewis and Gjrp
the Blood. Webber excused himself and
said he would be back shortly.

Q. Did he return? A. Yes; he said Ros-
enthal was at the Metropole.

Q. What was done then? A. They left
the room.

Q. Who left? A. Gyp, Lefty Louie,
Whitey Lewis and Dago Frank.

Q. What did you do? A. I stayed in the
room.

Q. How long? A. About fifteen min-
utes.

Q. In what direction did you then go?
A. I went into the Times Square drug store
and purchased a soda. A short time after
I got there I heard four shots.

Q. What did you do? A. I ran in the
direction of the shots.

Q. Did you see lieut. Becker that
night ? A. Yes, sir.

Q. Where? A. He was riding in an auto

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

with a chauffeur at Sixth avenue and Forty-
sizth street at 1 : 30 o'clock A. M.

Q. When you ran to the scene of the
murder, on what side of the street were
you? A. On the south side.

Q. Did you meet any one that you
knew? A. I met Harry Vailon at the Elks
Club. A great crowd had gathered and the
body was lying in the street.

Q. What did you and Harry Vailon do
then? A. We went to Fourteenth street,
to the house where he lived, and stayed
there until 6 o'clock the next morning,
when we went to a house at 145th street
and Seventh avenue.

Q. What was it that awoke you? A.
The entrance of Jack Rose.

Q. After Rose spoke to you and you
went to 145th street and Seventh avenue,
did you see any one? A. Yes, we saw Lefty
Louie, Whitey Lewis, Dago Frank and
Gyp.

Q. Did you say anything to them? A.
They wanted to know when I would bring
them the money. I made an appointment
to meet them at Fiftieth street and Eighth
avenue.

Q. Where did you 6ee them? A. At
Fiftieth street and Eighth avenue.

Q. Prior to that time had you seen
Webber? A. Yes, sir.

Q. Did you receive any money from him?
A. No, sir.

Q. Did you see anything passed by
Webber to any one else? A. IsawWebbor
pass money to Jack Rose.

Q. Was that money presented to the
gunmen at Fiftieth street and Eighth
avenue? A. Yes, sir.

Q. Who had it? A. Jack Rose.

Q. What did he do? A. He passed it to
Lefty Louie.

Q. Did you go away then? A. Yes.

Q. Did Lefty Louie? A. Yes, and took
the mon^ with him.

Q. What did you and Rose do? A. We
went to the home of Harry Pollok on River-
side Drive.

Q. How long did you stay there? A. I
stayed for dinner.

Q. Then where did you go? A. To the
Lafayette Baths.

Q. The next morning, what did you do?
A. I went to Pollok's and remained about
four hours. I then went downtown and
later returned to Pollok's. I stayed until
about 10:30. *»

Q. Where did you go next? A. I went
to Lieut. Becker's apartment.

Q. Did you see Becker? A. Yes.

Q. Where was that? A. At the Belle-
daire apartments.

Q. How did you happen to go there? A.
Jac^ Rose sent me.

Q. Repeat the conversation you had
with Becker. A. I told Becker that Jack
Rose was sick and worried, and that he sent
me to him to see what he was going to do.
Becker said Rose was not to worry. He
said: "Don't mind anything. I'll fix it all
right. They have to prove who killed
Bosenthal before they can convict any

one.

Q. What then? A. Then I left. As I
was about to leave I puUed out a cigarette
and started to light it. Becker said, * * Don't
light that match; somebody is across the
street and if they see a light they will sus-
pect something. They have been trailing
me all day."

Q. Was the apartment lighted or dark?
A. It was dark.

Q. Did Becker say an3rthing else? A.
Yes. He asked me if the gunmen had been
paid and I told him that they had. Then I
left.

Q. Then what did you do? A. I went
back to PoUok's.

Q. Did any one arrive while you were at
PoUok's? A. No; somebody was there be-
fore I got there.

Q. Who was that? A. Mr. Hart.

Q. Who do you mean? A. Attorney
Jolm Hart, who is sitting there.

The witness nodded toward John W.
Hart, who has been Becker's lawyer since
before the murder of Rosenthal.

Mr. Moss had no further questions to
put to the witness and the direct examina-
tion ended at 11 : 02 A. M., having occupied
only twenty-seven minutes.

[The report of the erose-examinaiian and other
details of the day*s proceedinge in the trial foU
lowed under eeparate heads.]

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

GRAND LARCENY CASE

DvluUiHeraid

Commercializing his remarkable faculty
for imitating a paral3rtic has proven to be
the downfall of Charles F. Koch, 45, the
black sheep of a respectable German family
residing at Rosedale, Iowa. And because
his game of faking injuries and collecting
large sums from railroad companies and
other corporations has been detected and
exposed, Koch must look forward to serv-
ing a term of years in the Minnesota state
penitentiary

It took a jury just nine minutes in Judge
Fesler's division of the district court yes-
terday to find Koch guilty of the crime of
grand larceny in the second degree under
an indictment which charged him with
having defrauded the Duluth & Iron Range
Railroad company out of $1,000 on a fake
personal injury. The jury retired at 3:36
o'clock and returned with a finding of
guilty at 3:45 o'clock.

The same blank, fixed expression which
has characterized Koch since his trial began
did not change one iota when the verdict of
guilty was lead in his presence. He main-
tained the same expressionless attitude of
indifference as to what was going on about
him and seemed to be unconcerned as to
whether he would be acquitted or not. The
crime of which he stands convicted is pun-
ishable by imprisonment in the state peni-
tentiary from one to ten years.

On Oct. 14, 1914, Koch was a passen-
ger on No. 61, of the Duluth & Iron Range,
a mixed train leaving Duluth at 11:30
p.m. On arriving at Two Harbors at
12:45 a. m., he left the coach and as he did
so, according to his claim, his raincoat,
which he. carried on his arm, caught on an
angle cock or brake staff and he was thrown
to the depot platform and suffered an injury
to his back. As a result, he claimed, his
lower limbs, bowels and bladder were par-
alyzed. Examination by surgeons seemed
to indicate that he was permanently dis-
abled, and on Dec. 7, the company set-
tled with him for $1,000 for his adleged
injuries. Koch, who had been moving
with great difficulty on crutches, immedi-

ately left the city and at once discarded
his crutches.

The railroad authorities secured a war-
rant for his arrest and after detectives had
chased him through several cities of the
Middle West, he was arrested at Tonopah,
Nev. He was brought to Duluth under an
extradition process and stood trial on the
charge. During the course of his trial much
of his past history, and a more or less un-
broken story of his operations, were brought
to the light of day.

Koch was bom forty-five years ago in
Germany and emigrated to this country
when a boy of 15, settling at Rosedale,
Iowa. He married when a young man, but,
after his wife had lived with him ten
years, she secured a divorce from him on
the grounds that he had been convicted of
a crime and conmiitted to the Iowa state
penitentiary. This was in 1903. She re-
married. Koch's parents are old and re-
spected residents of Rosedale.

In 1903 Koch joined the army, enlisting
in the state of Washington. Two months
later, however, he was discharged on ac-
count of "chronic anaemia and debility."
In 1906 he claimed 'that he had been injured
while working at Missoula for tiie Northern
Pacific, brought suit for $50,000 and re-
covered $5,000 in the lower court. The
case dragged on six years in the Montana
courts and judgment was finally reversed in
January, 1912. A portion of the time Koch
spent on a poor farm, supposedly a down-
and-out cripple, forced into the almshouse
by the law's delay. He went by the name
of C. F. Post.

In July, 1911, at Portland, Or., posing
as C. F. Pantle, he secured from the Port-
land Light & Power company a sum of
money on a fake injury. On Feb. 16, 1912,
at Breckenridge, Minn., under the alias of
C. F. Jones, he secured $4,500 from the
Great Northern Railway company for in-
juries claimed to have been sustained in
falling from a passenger coach step. On
Aug. 12 of the same year, as Clarence F.
Main, he again tried to work this game,
but unfortunately ran up against the same
daim agent at Great Falls, Mont., who
recognized him as an impostor and had

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

him arrested. He served four months in
the Montana penitentiary.

On Feb. 28, 1914, at Hampton, Iowa,
he claimed that he was injured while alight-
ing from a train, and on May 9, 1914, col-
lected $600 from the Minneapolis and St.
Paul Railway company. On July 23, 1914,
whUe crossing a railroad crossing at Grand
Rapids, Mich., he was injured, he claimed,
and he later extracted $1,600 from the
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad com-
pany. His latest offense was the affair of
the Duluth & Iron Range Railroad com-
pany.

Koch wiU be brought before Judge
Fesler later for sentence. Those who are
familiar with Koch's history declare that
whiskey brought about his ruin and that
as soon as he made a good haul while oper-
ating his game he would spend it all for
liquor.

SUPREME COURT DECISION
Brooklyn Eagle

That an employer is not responsible for
the acts of his servant that cause damage
id another when those acts are not com-
mitted in furtherance of the master's busi-
ness, was the decision of the Appellate
Division of the Supreme Court, first Di-
vision, when it reversed a case which the
lower court had decided against a Manhat-
tan department store. The reversal in
favor of the department store was given by
the court on an appeal taken by the at-
torney, Abraham Oberstein, of 299 Broad-
way, Manhattan.

This case is of considerable importance
to employers, for the reason that their em-
ployes often get into altercations with em-
ployes of other concerns, damages some-
times ensue, and then the question arises
whether the employer is responsible for the
acts of his servant. As the justices of the
Appellate Division view the question, the
issue is not whether an inflicter of damages
was in the em^doy of a certain firm, but
whether he was promoting the firm's in-
terest in inflicting the damages. If he

was, then the master is responsible, pro-
viding it was within the scope of the
employe's duties, and if it was not, then
the master is not responsible, no matter
how grievous or serious the injury inflicted
may be.

Adolph Miller, through his guardian, in-
stituted suit for assault against Attorney
Oberstein's client. Miller was a driver in
the employ of another concern, and was
about to deliver goods at the store when
one of the latter's drivers asked for the
berth Miller was entitled to. Miller re-
fused. The other driver, he alleges, as-
saulted him. Then he directed suit against
the department store concern, under the
employers' liability act. The lower court
decided for Miller, but Lawyer Oberstein
appealed and the Appellate Division re-
versed the decision, saying that Miller's
suit should have been dismissed.

The opinion, written by Presiding Jus-
tice Gildersleeve and concurred in by Jus-
tice McLean, sa3n3:

"The test of liability in such cases de-
pends upon the question whether the in-
jury was committed by the authority of
the master, expressly conferred, or fairly
inferable from the nature of the employ-
ment and the duties incident thereto. The
mere statement of this rule answers the
question in favor of the defendant in this
case. The act of the driver was a wiKul and
malicious act. It was not done in further-
ance of his master's business and was in no
way connected with or incident to the per-
formance of any of the duties intrusted to
him as a driver, or which could be con-
sidered as promoting the def^idant's in-
terests. The rule as stated in Gervin vs.
N. Y. Central R. R. Co., 166 N. Y. 289, is
as follows: 'If a servant goes outside of his
employment and, without regard to his
service, acting mJaliciously or in order to
effect some purpose of his own, wantonly
conmiits a trespass or causes damage to
another, the master is not responsible.'
The plaintiff failed to prove any liability
on the part of the defendant and the de-
fendant's motion to dismiss the com-
plaint ediould have been granted."

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

SUPREME COURT DECISION

DiUuth Herald

Eighteen months have dapeed sinoe
little Florence Lemoine, a pretty, dark-
eyed dancer of 18 years, fell from a side-
walk on West Fourth street and sustained
an injury to her back and spine which has
left her a helpless and lifelong paralytic.
Unconscious of her true condition and
h<^)eful of the future, the once popular
little vaudeville performer lies on her cot
at her father's ranch near Moscow, Idaho,
planning theater engagements she will
never fill and dreaming of new gowns and
dances.

Yesterday the Minnesota supreme
court handed down a decision which
aflSrms the judgment of the district court
of this city where, a few months ago, a
$5,0(X) verdict was obtained against the
dty of Duluth in her favor. A jury last
April awarded her damages in that amount,
but the city asked for judgment notwith-
standing the verdict. Judge Kesler denied
the motion and an appeal was taken by
the city to the supreme coiurt, the muni-
dpality denjdng its liability. The higher
tribunal hdd that the city was liable.

On Aug. 17, 1913, Florence stepped off
a sidewalk on the lower side of West
Fourth street between Lake and First
avenues west. The acddent occurred dur-
ing the evening while Mrs. Jane Lemoine
was escorting her two daughters, Florence
and 15-year-old Grace, to the Happy
Hour theater, where they Yrere filling an
engagement. The sidewalk at this point
is elevated several inches above the abut-
ting property and at the time of the acd-
dent was unprotected by a rail.

Florence slipped and fell on her back.
Her injuries at first were believed to be of
- a slight nature. Later surgeons pronounced
her suffering from spinal trouble andparaly-
sis of the lower limbs. She was taken to her
room at the Frederick hotd, where the
Lemoines were stopping, and there re-
mained until after the trial of the suit
against the dty last April. The Lemoines
l^t for Moscow, Idaho, about six months
ago. Denny & Denny, attorneys for Fred-

erick Lemoine, the girPs father, who
brought suit on behsJf of his injured
daughter, recently received word that
the girl's condition was not much im-
proved. She is still in bed. Since her acd-
dent Florence has been of a cheerful frame
of mind, probably because her true con-
dition has been carefuUy withhdd from
her.

At the time of the accident, the two
girls were appearing in a singing and danc-
ing act at the local theater. Both are
talented in their line and their appearance
in Duluth was during their second season
on the stage.

The Lemoines, up to five years ago,
lived in Baltimore. The two girls appeared
in a number of amateur theatrical per-
formances in that dty and there received
their training for i»x)fesdonal work. In
1910 their father, who was then suffering
from a nervous breakdown, moved West,
taking his family with him.

After the Lemoines had settled in the
West, the children became much in de-
mand at church socials and amateur
theatricals on account of their talent along
that line. Later, the girls were offered a
vaudeville engagement with a song and
dance act. At first the mother refused to
allow her daughters to go on the stage,
but after a flattering salary had been of-
fered, she finally consented. She accom-
panied them on their tour as chaperone.
The season was about half over when
Florence met with her accident. The
father remained on the ranch in Idaho be-
cause of his poor health.

During the trial of the case last April,
Florence was brought into the courtroom
on two occadons, both times on her cot.
She nervously twitched at her bedclothes
and at her jewelry while she told the story
of the affair as she remembered it. She told
the jury that she was spending most of her
time now drawing sketches and that until
she got well enough to get back to the stage
she expected to devote her time to art.

The two girls were earning from $75
to $140 a week with their act, according
to testimony which was adduced at the
trial.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

UNITED STATES SUPREME
COURT DECISION

San Franciaeo Cknmde

The Supreme Ck)urt of the United
States has decided in the case of Mis.
Ethel Coope Mackenzie of San Francisco
that the federal expatriation law of 1907
is constitutionally applicable to women
that continue to live in this country after
marrying foreigners as well as to those that
marry foreigners and live abroad.

The ruling settles finally a test case that
has become internationally famous in suf-
frage circles. In effect, it is much more
sweeping than the bare recorded fact would
indicate, including in its wide range a host
of women, in and out of states where they
have the vote, who are married to men not
citizens of the United States.

It means, applied locally, simply this:
A woman bom in California, herself a
citizen of the United States with the right
to vote, automatically relinquishes her
citizenship and that right the moment she
becomes the wife of a foreigner, whether
the foreigner is a resident or not.

Mrs. Mackenzie, who brought the test
case, is the wife of Gordon Mackenzie,
known on the concert platform as Mac-
kenzie Gordon, the Scotch tenor. Her hus-
band, who is a nephew of the late Sir
Morell Mackenzie, a famous English sur-
geon, has been a resident of San Francisco
for the last twelve years. He has lived in
this country for more than twenty years.
She was herself bom in California, the
daughter of J. F. Coope of Santa Cruz,
a well known California pioneer. But the
fact that her husband, bom a British sub-
ject, has never taken out citizenship
papers in this country, makes Mrs. Mac-
kenzie, by the ruling of the supreme coiirt,
an alien in the eyes of the law of the United
States.

A curious feature of the unusual case
is that Mrs. Mackenzie was one of the
most ardent of the workers for suffrage
during the campaign which resulted in the
women being given the vote in California.

The ruling affects also, in sweeping
f ashion, a large number oi other women

socially prominent in San Francisco. It
includes Baroness Van Eck, who was Miss
Agnes Tillman and who is still a resident
of this state; Baroness Von Brincken, for-
merly Miss Milo Abercombie, also living
here; Countess Von Falkenstein, who was
Miss Azalea P. Eeyes; Mrs. John Hubert
Ward, who was Miss Jean Reid, and a great
number of others.

Mrs. Mackenzie, who, since her mar-
riage to the famous tenor in August, 1909,
has been living at 2832 Jackson Street,
was among the first to appear at the polls
after the state had enfranchised its femi-
nine population. She was refused the priv-
ilege of voting. The California courts, in
which the case was instituted, decided
against her. Now the ruling of the highest
tribunal in the country upholds the lower
courts.

"It was something of a shock," she
said, "to leam that after two years of
hard work to bring suffrage to Calif omia
I could not enjoy l^e right I had helped to
give other women. Investigation showed,
of course, that I could gain my citizenship
and my right to vote, and also retain my
husband, by his application for naturaliza-
tion papers, but I did not wish to accept
citizenship on those terms, and so I brought
a test case.

"My husband kindly delayed his citi-
zenship until my case might be presented
in the courts. Now that it is decided, he
will become a citizen. This means that I
shall be received back into the fold, but
only because I am his wife."

Concerning the effect of her test case,
Mrs. Mackenzie stated that she had just
heard that a Mackenzie Club had been
organized in Oregon, for the purpose of
"looking into the matter."

OPINION OF ATTORNEY GENERAL

WiacoMin State Journal

Excess fare cannot be charged of pas-
sengers on the railroads of Wisconsin when
ticl^ts are purchased on the trains, unless
provision is made to refund the amount of
overcharge.

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

This is the effect of an opinion rendered
by Attorney General F. L. Gilbert today.
Fiior to the passage of the two-cent fare
law the Northwestern and St. Paul roads
charged 10 cents in addition to the regular
fare when the fare was paid on trains.
This practice was temporarily discon-
tinued when the two-cent fare law was
passed, because of the heavy penalty pro-
vided for violations. An attempt has been
made to find out if the railroad commis-
sion would not permit this additional fee
being charged. An opinion was asked of
the attorney general. He said:

''It seems to me that the plain spirit,
intent and purpose of the law in question
was to establish a maximum passenger rate
beyond which common carriers could not,
in any event, go and retain the excess as
their absolute property.

. ''I am therefore of the opinion that such
excess fare cannot be legally collected from
a passenger imless provision is made for
refund, or an act of the legislature is passed
allowing the collection and retention of said
excess as a penalty for failure to purchase
a ticket at a point where facilities are pro-
vided."

About two weeks ago, Lloyd W. Bow-
ers, general counsel for the Northwestern
and Burton EEanson, general solicitor for
the St. Paul, brought this matter before the
conunission. During the course of a con-
ference, the railroads claimed that the old
law allowing an excess fare to be charged
had not been abrogated. The attorney
general held differently.

INSANITY CASE

Chicago Herald

Baptiste Bardoli is on his way.

Over in Italy, on a big estate at Lenno,
near the shores of Lake Como, Baptiste's
aged father is waiting to see him — that
is, he was waiting to see him when
Baptiste last heard, about three months
ago.

Baptiste was on his way to Italy last
June when he left his home in Oakland,
Cal., provided with some $200 in cash,

long green tickets for the train and small
red tickets for the boat — clear to Italy.

Baptiste also took with him two large
bottles of Zinfandel. The bottles were
wrapped in twisted straw, through which
the red wine could be seen sparkling in-
side the green glass.

The traveler arrived in Chicago with-
out the bottles but with the contents.
Policem^i met Baptiste at the railroad
station. They stopped him from biting
the iron fence of the train shed. They
took him to the Harrison street police
station.

A man wearing a white coat came in
and looked at Baptiste. The man took a
yellow sheet of paper and wrote as fol-
lows:

"June 30, 1914. — ^I have examined Bap-
tiste Bardoli and believe him to be insane
and reconmiend his commitment to an in-
stitution. He is on his way from Oakland,
Cal., to Italy and arrived in Chicago on the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Company. Respectfully,

Alfbed Lebot, M. D.,
Assistant City Physician."

Baptiste was taken to the detention
home. On July 2 a Jury composed of one
physician heard testimony concerning
Baptiste's actions and returned a verdict
to the effect that Baptiste was insane —
that he had '^ alcoholic hallucinosis" —
that he manifested suicidal and homicidal
tendencies and had about $96 on his per-
son.

Coimty Judge John E. Owens appointed
Walter F. Sommers, an attorney, conserva-
tor for the money, and turned Baptiste
over to the Chicago State Hospital for the
Insane at Dunning.

Baptiste ' * came to " on July 4 and called
for his trousers. He was denied. He pro-
tested his sanity. He admitted his tem-
porary inebriety, but swore that he had no
more bottles of green glass wrapped in
straw. It was no use.

Baptiste wrote letters to the Italian
consul. He implored the doctors and pic-
tured for them the father who was waiting
to see him on the shores of Lake Como.
About a month ago he convinced the Dun-

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ning authorities of his sanity, and th^
began to arrange for his release.

Investigators at the office of the Italian
consul declared that they tried to get Con-
servator Sommers to turn over some
money to Baptiste, so that he could be re-
leased. They say Attorney Sommers re-
plied that under the Illinois law he had
been appointed for a year, and as far as
the court records showed, Baptiste was
still insane. Moreover, it was vacation
time, and there was no session of the Pro-
bate Court.

Yesterday Judge Owens entered an
order restoring Baptiste to his civilian
rights. Probate Judge Gregg ordered the
restoration of the funds held by the con-
servator. The funds were restored. He
was freed from the asylum.

In minoiB the records, however, will
show until a year has passed that Bap-
tiste is insane and that he can only con-
duct business legally through his conserva-
tor, who can't be removed for a year.

But Baptiste is happy — ^he's on his way
to Italy.

PROPOSED LAW SUIT

New York Sun

For why should the Eaminoka Stru-
molova Sick and Benevolent Association
pay out money for burying a man who is
not yet dead? For why that hearse, $8;
that headstone, $35; those two funeral
coaches for $11 when Leon Welfish, the
dear dead one, is alive already and in his
own town of Kaminoka, Galicia?

Not for often will the Eaminoka Stni-
molova Sick and Benevolent Association
make such a fool of itself and those money
spendings for the hearse, the headstone,
the funeral coaches and sJl the rest mak-
ing of Two Hu-u-ndred dollars! — ^to the
court here by a lawyer the Kaminoka
Strumolova is going for recovering. To
the court by Lawyer William Schneider
the Kaminoka Strumolova is going and
make for getting back all that money be-
cause Leon Welfish did not have the use
of it, being not at all dead and buried.

Ay^yah; it is all right enough for the
hospital people in the place at Central
laiip to say that there was mistaking in
sending Leon Welfish to be buried by the
Kaminoka Strumolova when it was not
Leon at all who had died, but some one
else. It's all right to say these things,
but that does not pay back the moneys
for such a comfortable funeral that some
one else enjoyed. Oh no. The State of
New York by the courts will have to pay
back those moneys for those mistakes. It
is to the Court of Claims in Washington
that the lawyer is going to make the State
to pay up tiiiese losses by the Kaminoka
Strumolova.

Listen.

Came to this country from Kaminoka,
which is in Galicia, which is of Austria,
Leon Welfish, a young man who did not
have great strength but who was honest
and who would never try to cheat anybody.
Came Leon Welfish by New York and he
worked as tailor until one night when he
didn't work, but fell down on the side-
walk by Lewis street and they takes him to
Bellevue. They looks at him for three
dajrs — observations, they calls it — and
then they sends him to the State hospital
for poor insane ones at Central Islip. Leon
goes and everybody is sorry that he is one
of the poor insane ones.

But then, before Leon Welfish is by the
hospital very long, comes the immigra-
tioners from Ellis Idand and they say
Leon Welfish is unfit for being in this
country and never should have come by
New York. Back he goes to Kaminoka,
Galicia; so say these immigrationers.

Everybody believes that Leon Welfish
must goi>ack to Kaminoka, and his friends
by Rivington street are mourning that
such a good boy goes home. Then one
day — ^it was the 5th day of August, two
years ago — comes to one of Leon Wel-
fish's friends by Rivington street this mes-
sage from the hospital:

''Leon Welfish is dead. Pleurisy makes
it. Shall we bury him or do his fri^ids
make the buryings?"

Of course it is to be that the Kaminoka
Strumolova, which is the society belonging

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

to Leon Welfish, shall make the buiyings.
Leon was a member standing good and
every member has for his money a good
burial or good doctors when in sickness.
80 says the Eaminoka Strumolova, ''We
make the buryings."

They makes. It costs all the $8 for
hearse, $35 for headstones and the rest of
those $200 which belongs to Leon Welfish
for being a dead member of the Kami-
noka Strumolova. Nobody sees Leon Wei-
fish before the buryings, for the hospital
people sends it so no one sees. All of the
society makes of itselves assessments for
paying the funeral and three members of
committee wear white gjioves and rides in
those for $11 hacks to Momit Zion Ceme-
tery.

Leon Welfish's papa and mamma, which
are by Kaminoka yet, gets a letter from
the Eaminoka Strumolova which says Leon
is dead and has a good buryings for $200
— a very good buryings — and very sorry
to have to say these sad tidings. Then
Leon Welfish's papa and mamma make
mournings by their dead son, and all of his
friends by Kaminoka make mournings.

Comes to Kaminoka then one very dark
and rainy night Leon Welfish, who was
sent home by the inmiigrationers. Comes
Leon and knocks at the door of his papa
and mamma's house.

''Hello, my papa; hello, my mammal"
says Leon when they opens the door, and
Leon's papa calls for police and Leon's
mamma has a fit on the floor right in front
of him.

After that Leon Welfish and Leon's papa
and mamma make a great rage because
he was dead and is not really dead. They
make writings to the Kaminoka Strumo-
lova to know for why was that mistake
made. Strumolova inakes investigations
and now it goes to court by a lawyer.

SUIT FOR SEPARATION

New York Telegram

Alleging that for the sake of her three
children she had endured verbal and
physical abuse of violent charact^ for

seventeen years, Mrs. Clara Hansen, of
No. 10 Western Parkway, to-day filed
suit for separation in the Supreme Court
against her husband, Harry L. Hansen,
worth a million, and half owner in the
Schmidt and Hansen Brewing Company
of Newark. Mr. Hansen makes his home
at No. 190 East Ninety-ninth street.

Accompanying the affidavits of Mrs.
Hansen is a deposition from her sixteen-
year-old son, Oscar, in which he corrob-
orates many of the stories of beatings and
other abuses alleged by his mother, and
makes the statement that his father's
treatment of himself was such that he was
glad when his mother established a second
home and took the children with her. In
addition to Oscar, the Hansens have a
daughter, Nellie, thirteen, and another
son, Henry, twelve years old.

Mrs. Hansen was represented in the
preliminary, court proceedings by Mrs.
Harriette M. Johnston- Wood, of the law
firm of Wood & Wood, No. 2 Rector
street, a well known leader of the suf-
fragist movement.

In the papers filed Mrs. Hansen states
that she was married to Harry L. Hansen
in. this city in 1897 and that they went from
New York to Washington to begin their
honeymoon trip. Three da3rs after the
wedding, she alleges, while they were still
in Washington, her husband became vio-
lently angry and, after choking her, threw
her against the furniture in their room.

Later, at the Grand Hotel, at St. Aug-
ustine, Ha., he refused to talk to her, she
asserts, and they returned to this city
without speaking to each other. Their first
home, she sa3rs, was established in a house
owned by Mr. Hansen, at No. 99 East
Eightieth street, and there, she sets forth,
he beat her frequently and repeatedly
swore at her, and said, "I hate your peace-
ful face; I'm tired of it."

Before Oscar was bom, in 1898, she
further alleges, her husband accused her of
being on friendly terms with the tradesmen
who came to the house. After the boy was
bom he told her that, since he had an heir,
he had no further use for her and, opening
the front door, said, "This way out.". ,-

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

In 1900, she says, while she was in Berlin
with her husband, she was compelled to
go to a sanitarium, and later, when they
were in the Alps, he left her and went to
England, where she finally located him.

To escape his abuse two years later, she
went to Philadelphia, and in 1909 she went
to Europe with her daughter, returning
later at her husband's earnest requests.
The final separation, she states, took place
in 1911, when she established a separate
home for herself and her children.

In the deposition made by the son Oscar,
he states that on several occasions he saw
his father beat and abuse his mother. The
boy also states that his father had violent
fits of temper on an average of once a
month and that on one occasion, when he
became displeased with the boy, he drew a
knife and destroyed the wireless apparatus
which the child had spent an entire winter
in building.

Mrs. Hansen asks for $200 a week tem-
porary alimony and $25,000 counsel fees.
She states that the brewery in which her
husband is interested turns out 750,000
barrels of beer annually and that he has
other sources of income.

DIVORCE CASE

Detroit News

The story of the married life of Dr.
Arthur and Mildred S. Smith, from 1900
to 1913 reads the same as that of any
struggling young physician in a large city.
But —

In 1913 the physician found fortune smil-
ing on him and he turned to look at his
wife and his gold. She had faded during
those years when $1 was made to last
longer than $10 would now.

'^I am just in his way now," said Mrs.
Smith to Judge Van Zile, while testif3dng
in her suit for divorce. The doctor filed
his bill several months ago and she filed a
cross-bill.

A younger girl, with golden hair, red
cheeks and Hps has come between the
doctor and his wife, according to Mrs.
Smith.

"I fiilled in all right when someone was
needed to slave and dig the dirt out of the
office floors and dust the furniture," con-
tinued the woman. "He didn't have time
to look at me then to see whether I looked
good to him or not.

"We worked mechanically, shoulder to
shoulder. I played my part and he played
his. The business and my husband's bank
accoimt would lead anyone to think that
it was a success."

Mrs. Smith, a little woman, her eyes
fiilled with tears, seemed to reflect a mo-
ment and then continued:

"Perhaps it is a success. It seems that
success must be measured in dollars and
cents no matter who gets the gold. He
undoubtedly is happy, but — ^I — I am a
wreck."

Mrs. Smith said that when her baby
was bom her husband told her not to stay
in the hospital too long as she was needed
in the office. She aayB that she left the
hospital in three weeks and the child died
at the end of five weeks.

"It was always so," she continued. "He
elways wanted me in the office and I was
willing to stay. It was only a few years
ago that he went abroad, and I remained
at home, as we both agreed that it would
cost too much for us both. Then he took
several other equally expensive trips, but
he never asked me to go."

Mrs. Smith said she and her husband had
always been active in the Summerfield
Methodist church, and that her husband
even carried his dislike for her to the
church, urging her not to go to any of the
meetings, either social or religious.

"I was active in home missionary work,"
said Mrs. Smith, "and he told me that it
didn't look well for me alwas^s to be mixing
in with the church affairs. I told him I
couldn't conscientiously drop my church
work and wouldn't."

Mrs. Smith declared her husband had
told her he couldn't afford to live with
her any longer as she wasn't so attractive
as another girl he knew and her company
tired him instead of affording him rest and
comfort.
^. f'His father also told me that I might

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

as well get out right away as Walter had
to have some one younger and more at-
tractive/' she said. "The old fath^ said:
'You don't fit into Walter's station in life
and you might as well get out without a
fusSi as you will have to move some
time.'"

Mrs. Smith testified that her husband's
practice is worth between $400 and $600
a week, and that he owns three automo-
biles.

"I just rode in one of them, however,"
she added. "The ofiSce girl rides in them
most of the time."

Dr. Smith stated in his bill that his wife
had an ungovernable temper and that she
called up his patients and advised them
not to consult him. The doctor further
stated that these and other things ruined
his health and his business.

Mrs. Smith was given the decree.

RECEIVEIISHIP PROCEEDINGS

Chicago Tribune

Inflated reports of sales by managers of
branch houses, extending over a period of
three years, and resulting in a misleading
annual statement, it was said yesterday,
were responsible for the receivership pro-
ceedings for Robert Z. Link & Co.

The Chicago banks which were the
principal creditors of the corporation dis-
covered the character of these statements
a few days ago in an audit of the books, and
at once took steps to protect creditors.

The other exp]anation*advanced for the
crisis in the company's affairs came from
Secretary William H. Arthur.

"In the panic last fall," he declared,
"poor people, who are the firm's principal
customers, could not afford to buy even
the cheapest fish. They became vege-
tarians. IS we could have tided over our
financial difficulties until after Lent we
would have weathered the storm. Trade
was just beginning to pick up."

Developments of the day were as fol-
lows:

Receiver William T. Harrison, learning that
fish, oysten, and other sea foods were lying

in the cars, took measures to obtain the fullest
powers in conducting a budnees baaed upon
transactions in perishable products.

Four Chicago banks that hold nearly
$2,600,000 of the firm's paper, some of it
accepted two months ago, held a conference
and discussed reorganization of the company.

Minority creditors prepared to organise.

Efforts were made to find out what the com-
pany did with the proceeds of $1,000,000
worth of preferred stock issued last October.
Officials say it was used to take up short term
notes and to buy warehouses and plants to
prevent competition. Creditors believe exor-
bitant sums were paid for the plants.

Ancillary receivers were appointed for
branch plants of the company in various parts
of the country.

Receiver Harrison issues a statement prac-
tically exonerating link brothers for blame
for the financial straits of the Company.

An official of one of the four Chicago
banks which hold nearly $2,500,000 of the
firm's paper said that the receiver was
appointed after the banks had learned
that some persons connected with Robert
Z. link A Co. had issued misleading state-
ments concerning its volume of business.
The link brothers are not beUeved to
have known anything about these false
statements.

The company, it appears, has a number
of ambitious managers of its branch houses
in various parts of the country. Each
manager gets a i)ercentage on his total
sales. Some of them, to obtain the com-
mission, it is asserted, juggled their re-
ports in such a manner that their total
sales appeared to be much larger than
they really were, and the annual report was
in consequence misleading. The com-
pany had no system of checking up these
reported sales, and it was not until the
buikers put an auditing firm upon the
books, after they suspected something fol-
lowing the issuance of the last annual
statement, that the discrepancies were dis-
covered.

The fact that the last annual statement
does not account for new money, the pro-
ceeds of the last stock issue, also is being
investigated.

Secretary Arthur had a different expla^
nation to make.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

" The panic of last fall, and vegetarian-
ism to which the poor were reduced when
thrown out of employment/' he declared,
"are responsible for most of our troubles.

'' It is a well known fact that the com-
pany supplied two-thirds of the oysters,
fish, and all sea food eaten in this country.
The bulk of this trade is among poor peo-
ple. The company's chief business has
been in fish that retails at 8, 10, and 15 cents
a pound, especially in large cities. We
depended most upon our business in fresh
water fish — ^the largest in the world in
herring, lake perch and such cheaper
varieties. This trade came from worlong
people.

''When the working people were thrown
out of employment and stopped bujring
fish, our trade fell off tremendoiisly. It
has just begun to pick up, and if the bank-
ers had not taken alarm and had given us a
little more time, we should have come out
aU right."

Mr. Arthur said that the $1,000,000 ac-
quired in the last issue of preferred stock
had mostly gone to pay short term notes.

Receiver Harrison in the afternoon went
to Lake Geneva to hold a conference with
Judge Kohlsaat, who had been originally
selected as the judge before whom the re-
oeivership proceedings were to be held.

"I wii^ to secure the fullest authority
for conducting the business, which is based
so largely upon perishable products, so
that there will be no loss," said Mr. Harri-
son. " I already have that power, but I
want to have it specified more clearly."

Representatives from several railroads
called on Mr. Harrison before his depar-
ture to ask what should be done with quan-
tities of fish that were standing in the cars
on sidetracks. The company has $600,000
in available cash to carry on its business.
It is estimated that $1,000,000 wiU be
needed.

Mr. Harrison made a statement in which
he said:

" From the examination of the books of
Robert Z. Link & Co. that has been pos-
sible since my appointment as receiver I
should say that the Link family owns about
00 per cent of the pref enred, and about 50

per cent of the common stock. When the
$1,000,000 of preferred stock was issued
within the year, it would appear tiiat the
Link family paid their assessment on this
stock and took their full pro rata; and I
cannot find that any transfer of any of
their shares has been made."

ASSIGNMENT

New York Time$

Henry W. Williams, who carried on a
banking and brokerage business at 33 Wall
Street, assigned yesterday for the benefit
of his creditors, to Mark T. Cox of the
firm of Robert Winthrop A Co. Mr. Wil-
liams was the publisher of Williams' In-
vestors' Manual, and is a director in sev-
eral other concerns.

No figures were given out yesterday as
to the extent of his liabilities, but it was
said by a representative of important
banking interests that no complications in-
volving other Wall Street houses need be
expected as a result of the failure. First
estimates put the loss at between $5,000,-
000 and $10,000,000, but as the part which
H. W. Williams & Co. has played re-
cently in the money market has been
steadily diTninishing, it is believed that the
liabilities will amount to from $1,000,000
to $2,000,000. Hawkms & Delafield are
the attorneys for some of the principal
creditors of the firm.

Lewis L. Delafield of this firm conferred
yesterday afternoon with John L. Cad-
walader of Strong & Cadwalader, the at-
torneys for the assignee. They gave out
this statement after the conference:

Henry W. Williams, tranBaoting busi-
nees in the State of New York under the
name of H. W. Williams A Co., has made
a general assignment for the benefit of
creditors to Mark T. Cox of Robert Win-
throp A Co. There are no preferences be-
yond such as the statute gives to em-
ployes.

A saperfidal examination justifies the
belief that if the creditors, who are few in
number, will eo-operate in enabling the
assignee to effect a favorable liquidation
of the assets, a large sum will be realised

CRIMINAL AND OVIL COURTS

for their benefit. Written assuranoes of
important financial assistance to such
creditors as will co-operate to that end
have been given.

Neither Mr. Cox, the assignee, nor
Messrs. Robert Winthrop A Ck>. are in-
terested as creditors or otherwise in the
assigned estate.

None of the lawyers yesterday would
make an estimate of the extent of the fail-
ure. Some surprise was expressed at the
wording of the deed of assignment filed in
ibe County Clerk's office. It read: "H.
W. Williams, trading as H. W. Williams
& Co." as though the assignor had no part-
ners in the firm. The latest corporation
directories give the firm's personnel as H.
W. Willisons, Frederick A. Farrar, W. N.
Phoenix, Franklyn W. Hunt, Charles F.
Cushman, and Henry V. Williams. Of
these Messrs. Farrar, Hunt, and Cushman
live near Boston, where the firm had a
branch office.

It was said at the office of Hawkins &
Delafield that Henry W. Williams some
time ago filed the necessary deed with the
County Clerk authorizing him to use the
firm name after his partners had resigned
their interests. No information could be
obtained as to when the dissolution of
partnership took place.

It is understood that Mr. Williams' re-
sources have been dwindling for some time.
His firm engaged in several unprofitable
consolidations, and in the slump in stocks of
March, 1907, it was reported that the con-
cern was hard hit. The October panic
found it again in bad shape to meet a finan-
cial storm.

Mr. Williams began business in 1865
as H. v. & H: W. Williams, and became
widely known as the publisher of Wil-
liams' Investors' Manual. In 1880 he en-
tered the banking business as a partner
in the house of Anthony, Williams & OH-
phant. A year later this concern was suc-
ceeded by Williams, Oliphant & Co. It
was, however, as a member of the house
of Williams & Greenough that Mr. Wil-
liams attained his greatest prominence in
Wall Street. He was particularly active in
leather and ice, and is said to have made

about $5,000,000 by his operations in these
lines.

In 1899 the firm was dissolved, and Mr.
Williams continued in business as H. W.
Williams & Co. Since then he has been in-
terested in a niunber of consolidations
which have turned out to be heavy drains
upon him. Among these was the Colonial
Sugar Company, which has since been
absorbed by the Cuban American Sugar
Company.

Mr. Williams formed the Colonial con-
cern by merging a number of Cuban and
Louisiana sugar properties in which he was
interested. The venture was unprofitable,
and it was said last night by an officer of
the company that Mr. Williams' firm had
dropped between $300,000 and $400,000
in it.

Another of his interests was the New-
ton & Northwestern Raihroad of Iowa,
which has since been taken over by the
Fort Dodge, Des Moines & Southern Rail-
road. Suit was brought against him re-
cently by Howard Willetts on account of
the investment which he had made in the
road on the recommendation of Henry
Williams & Co. Mr. Willetts is suing for
$243,000, the price of 200 of the bonds of
the company, on the ground that the line
is not earning enough to pay its fixed
charges. The, case is still pending.

Other concerns in which Mr. Williams
has had large interests are the Missouri,
Kansas & Texas Railway Company and the
United States Casualty Company, of which
he was a Director, and the Postal Tele-
graph Cable Company of Texas, of which
he is President, now a part of the system
of the American Telegraph and Telephone
Company.

For some years H. W. Williams & Co.
has maintained an office in Boston. It
has dealt exclusively in bonds, bidding for
local, as well as Massachusetts State, and
city issues. The last issue in which the Bos-
ton branch figured was that of the United
States Envelop Company of Worcester,
Mass., which issued $2,000,000 worth a
couple of months ago. The firm has also
invested heavily in American Telephone
Company and Atlanta, Birmingham & At-

lantic Railroad bonds. Boston bankers do
not consider that the failure will have any
important effect on other houses.

Outside of financial circles Mr. Wil-
liams occupied an important position in
society and was an art lover. His house
at Tuxedo Park has been known as one
of the finest examples of modem country
residences. His town house, 1 Lexington
Avenue, facing Gramercy Park and exactly
opposite to the residence of the late Stan-
ford White, one of his warm friends, has
been renowned for its rich and artistic
decorations.

Mr. Williams was a liberal supporter of
music, and helped many students to fol-
low their profession. He is, however, best
known as a book collector. For years he
spent large sums on rare editions and fine
bindings. He brought together a library
with hardly an equal in America. Among
his special treasures were a first edition of
Thomas k Kempis's "Imitatio Christi,''
Higden's '^Polychronicon,'' and some rare
Americana. His collection was estimated
as worth between $200,000 and $300,000.

A few months ago it was annoimced
that this library was to be sold at auction.
It was the first intimation to the world at
large that Mr. Williams was in financial
difficulties. The sale began on Nov. 12,
and the first day's offerings brought in
$19,000. Some of the leading book collec-
tors of the coimtry, such as J. Pierpont
Morgan and Senator Henry G. Lodge, sent
representatives, and by the time the first
two sections had been disposed of $75,000
was realized. It is imderstood that the
three other sections are still more valuable.

Five years ago Miss Edith Williams
was married to Gapt. James K. Modison
of the Warwick Regiment of the British
Army. It was one of the most brilliant
social functions of the year, the best man
being Sir E. Stewart Richardson, and the
ushers Pierre Lorillard, R. Monroe Fer-
guson, Arthur Derby, Frederick G. Have-
meyer, Jr., J. Insile Blair, Jr., J. M. Water-
bury, Jr., Henry V. Poor, and Roger Poor.
The bridesmaids were the Misses Violet
Gruger, Janet Fish, Muriel Robbins, and
Helen Gutting.

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

NoTB — J*he way in which the human inter-
est can h€ brought out in what might ordinarily
be considered routine newd, is shown by the «ec-
ond of the following two stories,

PATENT AWARD

(1)
New York Timea

The Board of Examiners of the Patent
Office decided that the man who made the
hydroaeroplane possible was not Glenn H.
Gurtiss, but Albert S. Janin, a poor cabinet
maker of Staten Island.

In 1910 Mr. Gurtiss began testing a
canoe device to carry the planes on the
water till the momentum necessary to lift
them was obtained, but it did not work.

In the controversy that followed the
use of the present device, which consists
mainly of outrigging to keep the planes on
an even keel, it came out that Mr. Janin
had really produced the device in 1909,
about a year before Mr. Gurtiss had failed
to raise his machines at BUunmondsport.

Thomas A. Hill, a lawyer, of 233 Broad-
way, took up Janin's claims and put
them before the examiners of Interference
of the Patent Office. Mr. Hill alleged that
on July 3, 1910, Gurtiss tried four times
in vain to raise his plane from Lake
Eeuka; also that Gurtiss admitted the fail-
ure. It was shown that drawings of the
successful device now in use were mieuie by
Janin long before this date, and that he
tried to build a machine to test it in of)era-
tion, but couldn't get the money.

Mr. Gurtiss contended that the device
was his, and that it had failed at Lake
Eeuka because the motors were not
strong enough to do their share of the work.
In deciding against Mr. Janin the Ex-
aminers of Interference said:

While he (Gurtiss) was thus engaged
Janin was sleeping on his rights, from
which slumber he did not awake until
after the achievements of Gurtiss had
been widely published.

Then the case was taken before the
Board of Examiners, who found for Mr.
Janin. Their opinion reads in part:

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

He (Janin) is a poor man, evidently
stnigfi^ing for a soffioient income to meet
his current living expenses. From what
his witnesses testify, it is apparent that he
was continuously striving to raise funds
to develop his ideas, which were regarded
by many as illusionary.

It also came out that Janin, in the yean
he was working on his water flyer, was the
butt of many, who looked upon him as
unbalanced by one idea.

Concerning the statements of Curtiss
that his motors were not powerful enough,
the Examiners said:

An excuse of this kind for failure to
make flights could probably be advanced
in good faith by hundreds of inventors of
aeroplanes, who have been seeking pat-
ents for the last forty or fifty years.

Mr. Hill said yesterday that Janin's suc-
cess probably would make him wealthy;
also that an order for 200 hydroaeroplanes
is awaiting any manufacturer who can
furnish security that they can be deliv-
ered. He said the order was from one of
the belligerents in Europe, but did not
know which.

"The Curtiss factory," he said, "can
turn out about ten planes a week at a cost
of about $7,000 each. But no matter who
turns them out they will have to pay a
royalty to Mr. Janin."

(2)
New York Evening World

Albert S. Janin, cabinet maker, the
other night took off his apron in the shop
in which he has worked eight hours a day
for the last fourteen years at Rosebank,
Staten Island, walked up to the foreman
and resigned his job.

He didn't quit in a huff — a fact that
was plainly attested by the manner in
which the foreman wrung his hand and his
fellow workmen crowded around him, their
faces beaming.

"Congratulations, Al," said the fore-
man simply. From somewhere in the
crowd spoke one of Janin's intimates:

"The 'Bug' has made good. Whaddaya
know about that?"

"Well," rejoined Janin, good-naturedly,
"it no longer will be Janin, the cabinet
maker, or Janin, the Bug, the dreamer and
the impostor. I guess the handle to my
name has been pretty firmly established
as 'Janin, inventor of the hydro-aero-
plane.'"

And that night the modest little 5-room
Janin flat was the scene of a celebration
the like of which has never been seen
at Rosebank. Most enthusiastic of the
guests were men who, for the last t«i
years, have scoffed at the strange look-
ing winged craft in the Janin back
yard, which, the poor carpenter persisted,
would some day be recognized by the pat-
ent office as the first fljring boat.

Rosebank went on the map to stay at
2 o'clock in the afternoon, when word was
received from Washington that the board
of examiners^in-chief of the patent office
had decided unanimously that the man
who made the hydro-aeroplane possible
was not Glenn H. Curtiss, but Albert S.
Janin, the poor cabinet maker of Staten
Island. For four years the powerful Curtiss
interests had fought the claims of the ob-
scure and almost penniless carpenter,
through the patent office and to its highest
covart — ^the board of examiners-in-chief.

He would not have won out probably
had not Thomas A. Hill, a patent lawyer
of New York, taken the case, out of a sense
of justice, without compensation. As a
former president of the Aeronautical So-
ciety of America, and at present a director,
Mr. Hill went into the litigation to see fair
play.

Just how it feels to a struggling work-
man, whose $5 a day is barely enough to
provide the necessities of life for a wife and
seven children, to find himself suddenly
famous with a fortune within his grasp,
Janin tried to explain.

"We put it over, didn't we, mother?"
Janin beamed, affectionately patting his
wife. "If it hadn't been that she stuck
to me — believed in me, when aU the rest
were poking fun and scoffing — ^I never
would have made it."

"And if it hadn't been," Mrs. Janin
interrupted, "that after your hard day's

lOO

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

work for almost every night in the last
ten or fifteen years, you burned the oil
at your work bench until long after mid-
night, you never would have made it."

'"Ilie best part of this invention is that,
unlike a whole lot of others, it's going to
bring us money — gobs of it,*' Janin broke
in. ''For years we have felt the pinch of
poverty, but thanks to Mr. Hill and his
work in Washington, I guess that day is
past. You know the decision of the patent
office gives me a royalty on every hydro-
aeroplane turned out in this country dat-
ing from the day a few weeks hence on
which my patent is printed and issued by
the government. Mr. Hill tdls me that the
royalty can be fixed arbitrarily by the in-
ventor. The failure of any of these com-
panies building hydro-aeroplanes to come
to terms, of course, would be followed by
an infringement suit, but we don't expect
any such difficulty.

"What wiU I do with the money? The
first thing will be to get a home of our own
with plenty of ground around it for the
kids to play in. No more of these flats for
us. But we are going to stay right here in
Rosebank, where my wife and I were bom
and brought up. You know we were
sweethearts, even at old public school No.
13, around the comer. Most of the kids are
now going to that same school. The oldest
girl, Antoinette, who is now 14, can realize
her ambition to go to normal school and
take up teaching, if she wants to — but she
don't have to now."

AN ADOPTED CHILD

Kansas CUy Star

The Patrick Sullivans had a bad three
hours last night.

You see, it was only a month ago that
theirs was a childless family. Mary had
grown up and was teaching and there were
no babies around the house. Then they
found a 1-month-old baby boy, abandoned
in St. Alojrsius's Church, and adopted him.
The cheery household it has been since
then!

But yesterday a yoimg woman arrived

at the Sullivan home, 961 Walnut Street,
and said that she was the baby's mother,
and that the baby's father had only aban-
doned him temporarily because they were
then in desperate straits, but that every-
thing had come out all right financially
and now wouldn't the SuUivans give her
back her boy?

The Sullivans wouldn't. Not last night.

That's when their bad three hours be-
gan. If their hearts were wrung so at
abandoning a baby not their own, what
must be the mother's feelings? That won
the day.

Papa Sullivan went to Judge Hinton
this morning. H^ had been to him last
week to isdopt the baby legally. Now he
wanted to know if that legal process would
stand in the way of his retiuning the baby
to its mother. Judge Hinton said it would
not prevent such action, and he believed
that it would be best to give the child to
its mother. But he didn't look at Papa
Sullivan when he said it. Men don't like
to see each other wet-eyed.

"She'll come back," said Papa Sullivan,
''and she can get him."

Judge Hinton this afternoon made an
order at the request of Mr. Sullivan de-
claring the adoption of the baby by the
Sullivans void. The request was made on
the groimd that the mother had appeared
and had shown herself capable of properly
caring for the child. The mother did not
appear in court. No further action will be
necessary. The mother need only go to the
Sullivan home and get her baby.

NoTB — The provisum in the vdU given in
the New York court etory making hequeete to
Chicago nureeet formed the bcuia of the local
story in the Chicago paper; both etoriee foUow.

WILL ADMITTED TO PROBATE

(1)
New York Svn

The will of Walter H. Hammond, the
wealthy buttenne manufacturer, who was
shot dead in the Pennsylvania station in
Jersey City ten days ago by Peter Grew,

CRIMINAL AND CIVIC. .CIXtJjl'tB.

lOI

who had a fancied grievance against him,
was admitted to probate in Jersey City
yesterday. After making a nmnber of
specific bequests, including amounts of
$500, $250 and $100 to thirty-seven old
employees, the residue of the estate goes
to the next of kin, share and share alike.
Col. Robert A. Hammond is one of the
brothers.

Col. Willard C. Ward, who drew the will
on October 1 last and filed it yesterday, said
that he didn't care to discuss the value
of the estate, as he believed that the be-
quests indicated about what the value is.
He wouldn't give an opinion as to the
value of the butterine business or how
much of the estate will be left for the four
brothers, two sisters, two nieces and a
nephew after the bequests have been set-
tled. The estate is believed to be worth
at least $800,000, and probably $1,000,000,
as Mr. Hammond is said to have owned
much property in addition to his butterine
business.

Mr. Hammond leaves his entire holdings
in the firm of Hammond & Person, of which
he was practically the only stockholder, to
three legatees. They are Miss Alice C. Ha-
gan, daughter of a Jersey City policeman,
who had been his private secretary for many
years and was said to have been engaged
to him; Dr. Oscar Bauer, his physician
and one of the executors of the estate,
and Henry C. Berger, superint^ident of his
butterine plant.

One of the first bequests provides for the
payment of $25,000 to Anna Louise Cooley
of New York city as soon as possible. Of
this amount $500 is to be paid at once and
the balance at the rate of $100 a month.
Sarah B. Johnson and Mabel E. Wilkins
of Jersey City, employees of the firm of
Hammond A Person for many years, re-
ceive $1,500 each. Nellie P. Hamilton,
a stenographer in the office of Col. Ward,
who assisted in drawing the will, gets $250.
Gertrude M. Bums, a daughter of Henry
Bums of 314 Devine avenue, Jersey City,
where Mr. Hammond lived for seventeen
years, receives $500. John J. Jones, man-
ager of Mr. Hammond's butterine com-
pany, gets the shares in the American

T- T"

But^s,.<fce^and fefiCcJttB^ *1^*
were owned by Mr. Hammond. Concern-
ing one of the bequests the will Bays :

During several days' illness in Chicago I
was a patient in the Presbyterian Hospital,
where I was faithfully nursed by the trained
nurses. I desired to recognise the care I re-
oeived at their hands. I therefore give and
bequeath to the following members of the
Illinois Training School for Nurses: Nellie G.
Burke, $500; Minnie C. PbiUips. 1500; Jennie
Van Horn, $1,500.

This illness occurred about six years
ago, when Mr. Hanmiond had typhoid
fever. His physician. Dr. Bauer, was with
him at the time, and was also ill.

In making the bequests of from $500
to $100 to thirtynseven employees, who
include men and women working both in
the office and in the butterine plant, and
truck drivers as well, the will sajrs that
they are remembered for their faithful
services to the corporation of BLammond
A Person.

The wiU allows the executors five years
in which to make payment of all the lega-
cies, and the remainder of the property,
real, personal and mixed, is bequeathed
"to the next of kin and their survivors."
The relatives named are Robert A. Ham-
mond of New York, and Samuel A., Fred-
erick D. and Franklin A. BUunmond of
Pittsburg, brothers; Josephine Block of
Greensburg, Pa., and Anna Enuna Dell of
Los Angeles, Cal., sisters; Paul Martin,
nephew, and Gladjrs Brown and Madeline
Martin, nieces, all of Pittsburg and chil-
dren of Mr. BLammond's deceased sister,
Sadie Martin.

The total cash bequests amount to
$41,710, of which $10,460 goes to the
thirty-seven employees named together.

Col. Robert A. Hammond, who was in
Jersey City most of the aftemoon yester-
day, said when he returned to his office
at 16 Broadway that he was acquainted
with the provisions of the wiU and had been
at Col. Ward's office during the aftemoon.
He said he was to see the will at 9 o'clock
this morning, and was not aware that it had
been admitted to probate.

"No one has any cause for complaint

102

/^.T5^S »F NEWS WRITING

over tb&*^^:i^{CjDk:i^^
was jiicft wliat miglit*liave £een expected
from the fairest, smartest boy that ever
walked the face of God's green earth. No
more generous chap ever lived than that
boy, and if he had not remembered his
emj^oyees as he has done it would have
been most unlike him. His relatives do not
begrudge the money he has left to those
he chose to reward.

"There has never been the slightest
break in the cordial relationship between
Walter and myseK or between him and any
other member of the family. All this talk
that has come up since my brother's death
is pure foolishness. I am the oldest and the
head of the family, and the relationship
between Walter and me has been almost
that of father and son. I gave him his first
start in life when he was a boy. I have
never asked anything from him or from
any one else in my life and I do not ask it
now.

"Walter was the pleasantest, sunniest
boy you ever knew. He did not sit at the
right hand of Mr. Parkhurst, but nothing
ever came up to smirch his record during
his lifetime, and nothing will come up now
that he is dead.

"We are all sorry that our best brother
was killed and our thoughts are not on the
provisions of his will, but on seeing that the
man who shot him down without giving
him a chance for his life is made to suffer
the full penalty of his act. My entire time
from now on will be devoted to that pur-
pose. There isn't the slightest doubt that I
wiU get my brother's murderer. I haven't
been wasting any time since Walter's
death.

"I know that the man who murdered
my brother has been sleeping well every
night and eating three square meals a
day. I don't propose to permit him to
escape with an insanity plea. I have been
going over the testimony of seventeen wit-
nesses with the prosecutor and helping
to get it into shape. My experience in that
line makes me of some assistance, and I in-
tend to see the prosecutor every day if
necessary, in order that full justioe may be
done to my brother's murder."

(2)
Chicago Evening Post

Three Chicago nurses came into their
reward to-day for faithful services and
devotion six years ago to Walter H. Ham-
mond, a wealthy butterine manufacturer
of Jersey City, who was shot dead on Nov.
17 in that city by Peter Grew, who had a
fancied grievance against him.

Under the terms of his will, which was
filed yesterday in Jersey City, $600 is be-
queathed to Miss NeUie G. Burke, 981
Carroll avenue, a like sum to Miss Minnie
C. Phillips, 14 Green Tree street, and
$1,500 to Miss Jennie Van Horn of Chicago,
who is now with a patient in Japan.

While in the city on a business trip six
years ago, Mr? Hammond was taken ill
with typhoid fever at the Annex. His phy-
sicians. Dr. J. B. Herrick and Dr. Frank
Billings, had difficulty in finding nurses
who suited the patient. At length Miss
Burke was sent for and placed in charge of
the case, and she selected for her assistants
Miss Phillips and Miss Van Horn.

"I remember Mr. Hammond very well
and the circumstances attending his ill-
ness," said Miss Burke to-day. " He was
seriously ill and for a long time it was a
question as to his recovery. We made
every effort to save him and felt a keen
personal delight when we knew we had
won. He had always, up to the time of his
death, remembered all of us, sending us
presents and flowers at the holidas^s and in
many ways showing his deep gratitude.

"We were notified by his secretary im-
mediately after his death, but until to-day
we had no idea that he had remembered us
in his will. I had charge of his case two
months and then had to take another pa-
tient. Miss Van Horn was with him five
months during his convalescence."

In the little apartment at 14 Green
Tree street there was a soimd of laughing
and dancing feet. Answering the ring of a
visitor Miss Phillips opened the door with
such a smiling countenance as to obliter-
ate any memory of downcast skies.

"I have just heard of Mr. Hammond's
great kindness," she said. "Just think of

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

103

$500; why it's a nest egg for a fortune!
He has always done so many nice things
for us girls ever since we cared for him,
but to think of his remembering us in his
will! I was with him several months and
we grew to be great friends after the crisis
of his illness was past.

''He often came to Chicago, and fre-
quently would call us up on arriving and
arrangie for us all to go to the theater, or
to dinner. He was by far the most grate-
ful patient any of us has ever had.''

SUIT TO BREAK WILL

New York Herald

An effort to obtain approximately one-
half of the bequest of about $2,000,000, left
to Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt for the pro-
motion of the cause of woman suffrage, by
the late Baroness de Bazus, who was Mrs.
Frank Leslie, was begun in the Supreme
Court yesterday by two step-grandchildren
of the Baroness. They ask $400,000 each
and allege that $200,000 is due to each of
two other step-grandchildren.

The plaintiffs in the two actions, which
are brought through James H. Westcott,
of No. 40 WaU street, are Mrs. Lonetta
Leslie Hollander and Mrs. Florence Les-
lie Weissbrod. Both are grandchildren of
Frank Leslie by his first wife, Mrs. Sarah
Ann Welham Leslie. They allege that by
an agreement made between the Baroness
and Frank Leslie December 1, 1879, she
promised, in return for receiving his en-
tire estate, to distribute by her will two-
thirds of it among the children of his first
wife or their heirs. This agreement, they
allege, she entirely disregarded in the
document which left the large residuary
estate to Mrs. Catt.

William Nelson Cromwell and Louis H.
Cramer, executors of the estate of the
Baroness, are the defendants in both ac-
tions.

Frank Leslie was bom in 1821 and in
1854 established the publishing business
which at one time issued thirteen period-
icals. In 1841 he married Miss Sarah Ann
Welham. There were three children by

the marriage, Frank Leslie, 2d; Alfred A.
Leslie and Scipio L. LesUe. Mrs. Hollander
is the only child of Scipio L. Leslie, who
was married in June, 1875, and died in
February, 1879. Mrs. Weissbrod is the
only child of the late Frank Leslie, 2d, who
was married January 5, 1874. Alfred A.
Leslie, who was married in August, 1868,
and died in August, 1905, had two children,
Frank LesUe, 3d, and Arthur Leslie.

Following the death of his first wife,
Frank Leslie married the Baroness May 1,
1875. She was then Mrs. Miriam Florence
Peacock Squires. Her first husband was
David Peacock, her second Ephraim G.
Squires. There were no children by any of
her marriages. Before her marriage the
Baroness had been employed in the pub-
lishing business of Frank Leslie. She was
bom in 1828 and entered his employ in
1860. Her maiden name was Miriam Flor-
ence Follin.

Frank Leslie became financially in-
volved about September 8, 1877, accord-
ing to the two complaints now on file. It
is alleged that he assigned the greater part
of his property March 20, 1879, to Isaac
W. England for the benefit of his creditors
under an agreement whereby he was to
receive the property back again in three
years if the business had succeeded in
clearing all indebtedness. It is said that the
business did not clear the debts but that
Mr. Leslie died before the property could
be returned.

Mr. Leslie also agreed with his wife, it
is said, to leave his entire estate to her on
the condition that she would use the in-
come and dispose of the principal in her
will as follows: — One-third in any way
she desired; one-third of the remaining
two-thirds to each of the three children of
Frank Leslie by his first wife or to their
issue.

The complaints aUege that the Baroness
received everything which she possessed
from Frank Leslie, who died leaving about
$1,000,000. This was increased by her to
at least $1,800,000, it is said. The plaintiffs
do not ask that the agreement, which is
not produced in connection with the com-
plaint, be fulfilled. They seek instead

104

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

$400,000 each as damages and allege that
$200,000 is due also to Frank Leslie, 3d
and Arthur Leslie.

WILL

Springfidd RepMiean

The bequest of 'a bit of the wool of
Mary's lamb to the Somerville historical
society in the wiU of Mrs P. H. Derby,
which was entered in the probate court
in this city yesterday, brings to light the in-
teresting information that the nursery jin-
gle, ''Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was
white as snow,'' had a basis in fact. The
piece of wool in question was given to Mrs
Derby in 1880 by Mrs Mary E. Tyler, the
original of the little lamb jingle. It is a
piece of yam tied in a bow and fastened
on a piece of paper with pale blue ribbon.
Under it is written the words, ''wool from
Mary's lamb." It seems that when the
Old South church of Boston became in-
volved financially one of the wa3rs hit upon
to raise money was suggested by Mrs
Tyler. She took a pair of old wool stock-
ings that her mother had knit for her from
the wool of her pet lamb, and that she had
never worn, but kept in memory of the
departed lamb. These were cut up into
lengths and made into bows, like the one
that was in the possession of Mrs Derby,
and sold for 25 cents each. The result was
that $200 was realized, and thus the little
lamb helped to save the Old South church.

The story of Mary and her lamb is au-
thenticated and the incidents bear a dose
relation to the events of the poem, or
rather, jingle. Mary E. Sawyer was bom
in Sterling, March 22, 1806, and the house
in which she was bom is still standing.
She had two sisters and four brothers, none
of whom ever had themselves immortalized
in rh3rme as Mary did. Mary's father was
a fanner and kept sheep. One cold morn-
ing in March, 1814, just about 100 years
ago and one year over, -twin lambs were
bom in the Sawyer sheepf old one of which
was to be known in nursery rh3rme for time
immemorial. Like aU geniuses, she— for
it was a girl — displayed the vagaries of it

before she was many hours old. So much
so in fact that her mother would have noth-
ing of her. Little Mary, age eight, took
pity on the young thing and asked her
father if she might have it, not thinking of
the greatness that would come of this
charitable deed. She fed and tended it,
and the two became very fond of one an-
other.

It was but natural that the lamb should
in time come to have a thirst for knowl-
edge, and, as the first stanza of the jin-
gle has it, "It followed her to school one
day," "Which," we are told, "was against
the rule," and, as might be expected, "it
made the children laugh and play, to see
a lamb at school." It seems that the teacher
laughed too, and everything was lovely for
a time. But discipline had to be main-
tained, and: —

So then the teacher turned it oat*

But Btill it lingered near,
And waited patiently about "

Tin Mary did appear, i

AU of which is strictly tme to fact. It
appears that when Mary arrived at the
school the teacher had not come yet and
so the mischievous Mary hid the pet in
her desk, which was a box-like affair.
When school began and the children were
called out for their classes, the lamb trotted
out to have a hand in the proceedings.
And this, alas, caused it to be put without
the pale.

Now it happened, so strange are the
immutable workings of fate, that a young
man of 17, a freshman at Harvard, by the
name of John Roulstone, Jr., was visiting
the teacher at the school that day. The
incident inspired him, and a short time
after he wrote and sent to Mary the jingle
that is so well known. The ideal way to
have the thing work out would have been
the marriage of Mary and the budding
genius. But no, he died a few years later,
never having seen Mary again, so far as
there is any record.

The strain of being a celebrity was too
much for the lamb and after bearing up
bravely under it for two years it gave up
the struggle, got in the way of a bull on
Thanksgiving day, 1816, and was gored.

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL COURTS

los

It died an hour later, with its head on
^Mary's lap.

In 1835 Mary was married to Columbus
Tyler, superintendent of the McClean
hospital for the insane at SomerviUe.
She became a matron at the institution,
a position she held for 35 years, and several
years after her husband died. She died in
SomerviUe, December 12, 1889, and was
buried in the Mt Auburn cemetery, near
Boston, the same cemetery in which the
poet, Longfellow, is buried. The glowing
example of what happened to Mary ought
to inspire little children to be kind to dumb
beasts that they too may some time taste
the fruits of immortality.

Besides the lamb's wool bequest, Mrs
Derby left the following legacies to various
charitable institutions: Springfield branch
of the woman's board of missions, $300;
Norton memorial fund of the same organiza-
tion, $200; Congregational women's home
mission society of Massachusetts, $300;
trustees of the national coimcil of the Con-
gregational churches of the United States,
$3000, to be applied to ministerial relief;
Massachusetts society for the prevention
of cruelty to animals, $200. Certain books
from Mrs Derby's library are bequeathed
to the Springfield city library association
and the remainder of the estate is to be
divided equally between her two nephews,
Dr Edward C. Booth of SomerviUe and
Harry D. Booth of Albany, lU. Charles A.
Gleason is named as executor without bond.

NoTB — How the same piece of news may he
treated in different waya is iUtutnUed in the foir
lowing two etories.

VALUE OF AN ESTATE

(1)

Chicago Tribune

Doubtless Michael Kennedy's schooling
never progressed to the point where he
reaped the manifold intellectual bounties
(A McGuffy's second reader. That ven-
erable text book explains school ma'ams.
Their purpose is to teach the young idea
to shoot, it says.

Consequently there were those who be-
Ueved Michael misguided when he opened
'up his shooting gaUery in a basement on
North Clark street near West Erie street.
There Mike — ^for the consideration of 5
cents for five shots — ^taught the yoimg
idea marksmanship after a fashion of his
own.

"Mike, the ne'er-do-weU," they caUed
him for years. But a smUe was Mike's only
answer. He went right on loading rifles
for whoever came and painting out the
buUet marks on the white targets in the
gaUery.

On May 23, 1913, Mike died. Public Ad-
ministrator James F. Bishop took charge
of the estate, hoping he would get enough
out of it to bury the target tender. Mr.
Bishop was surprised when he found that
Mike, the "ne'er-do-weU," had a snug bank
account — some $400.

Another surprise came yesterday when
Administrator Bishop announced the re-
sult of his seventeen months' investigation
into Mike's affairs. It was learned that the
"ne'er-do-weU" left a nephew in Black-
bume, Lancashire, England, named as
his sole heir. In a safety deposit vault
Mike had $42,000 worth of bonds— the
products of teaching the young idea to
shoot.

(2)
Chicago Herald

" Mike " was a shiftless guy. Any of the
bunch would teU you that. Of course he
alwajrs had money. But then, too, he was
always giving it away. He'd lend you any-
thing he had if he Imew you, and many's
the "bo" who got the price of a bed from
him.

Mike at one time was known as Mi-
chael Kennedy, but that was not during
the time he kept the shooting gaUery in
North Clark street. He was a rough feUow,
and not very affable with strangers. But
he'd go a long way for a pal.

He had his place of business in a base-
ment room. He slept there,, and enter-
tained his friends there when not busy
loading rifles for his patrons. And every-

io6

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

body said that he could have a good home
if he were not so shiftless.

Well, "Mike'' died a year ago last
May, and it was found he had $400 in the
baoJE. The county buried him and charged
$106.75 to his estate. The fellows he had
befriended went to the funeral and said
''We told you so.'' But they agreed that
Mike was a good fellow.

Public Administrator James F. Bishop
was appointed to take care of the shoot-

ing gallery owner's estate. He started an
investigation.

He discovered that Kennedy had a
nephew in Blackbume, Lancashire, £ng«
land, and that the shiftless, open-hearted,
free-handed "ne'er-do-well" had just a
little over $42,000 worth of gilt-edged
stocks and bonds in a safety deposit vault
in the Masonic Temple.

The amount was turned over to the
nephew, James Kennedy, yesterday.

CHAPTER VI

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS!

Type of stoiy. News stories of vaxious kinds of meetings constitute a
distinct class. In the term ''meeting'' are included sessions of state legis-
latures, meetings of municipal councils, conventions of various organiza-
tions, and meetings of local societies. Investigations and hearings as con-
ducted by committees of legislative bodies are also placed in this class,
although they are often more like judicial proceedings.

The purely informative type of story is the common form for reporting
meetings, investigations, and hearings. The parts of the proceedings that
are of general interest and significance make up the contents of such stories
(cf. "State LegisTature," p. 116, and "Meeting of Safety Council," p. 120).
In meetings of some importance are to be found humorous or pathetic
phases that may be brought out legitimately to heighten the interest and
to emphasize the significance of the proceedings (cf. "Hearing on Proposed
Ordinance," p. 113, and "Testimony in Investigation," p. 110). Some meet-
ings lend themselves to hmnorous treatment, and when the news interest in
them is slight, such stories about them constitute typical human interest
stories (cf. "Old Clothes Men's Meeting," p. 122).

Purpose. To give the facts accurately and as completely as their signifi-
cance warrants should be the first aim in reporting proceedings of official
bodies, because, like court proceedings, they are matters of public concern.
The desire to accomplish some end, no matter how laudable that end may
be, does not justify distortion or suppresion of the news of the doings of
official bodies. A constructive purpose, such as that of exposing sinister
influences that may be affecting legislative action, is entirely justifiable, but
distortion or suppression of facts in order to make out a stronger case is not
legitimate and should not be necessary. Politically partisan news stories
that misrepresent public matters in order to create opinion favorable to the
cause that the paper upholds, whether they be reports of official proceedings
or of political campaign meetings, not only hurt the reputation of the news-
paper that publishes them but tend to cast doubt on the truthfulness of
newspapers generally.

Much more effort should be made by newspapers in this country to show

io8

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

the significance of acts of representative public bodies, in relation not only
to the home and business interests of the individual reader, but to the welfare
of the community, the state, and the nation. Intelligent interest in govern-
ment on the part of the individual citizen, which is generally recognized as
absolutely essential to the success of a democracy, can be more effectively
created through the news columns of the daily newspaper than by any other
means.

Treatment. To make interesting what is often considered dry and unat-
tractive in proceedings of various public meetings, is the chief problem in
writing news stories concerning them. Simple, clear explanation of the
meaning of significant parts of the proceedings, lively accounts of debate
on various measures, and vivid description of persons and scenes connected
with them — all add to the interest of the stories. Too often, however,
insignificant incidents of casual interest are played up as features of meet-
ing3 of importance to the subordination or even to the exclusion of matters
of vital concern.

Testimony in investigations and hearings sometimes has dramatic phases
like that in court trials. The questions and the answers in these proceed-
ings are handled like those in court stories, and testimony is dealt with in
much the same manner (cf. "Congressional Investigation," p. 109 and ''Tes-
timony in Investigation,'' p. 110).

To select the vital matters, to present them concisely, and to condense
routine but necessary details into the smallest possible compass in stories of
this class, require effort and skill.

NoTB — The foUowino two dorisB give the
retuUa cf the first two daye* work in the investi"
QoJtion ofeondUMne growing out of a coal elrike.
Both were sent by the Aeeoeiated Preae.

CONGRESSIONAL INVESTIGATION

(1)
Chicago Inter Ocean

CHARLESTON, W. Va., June 10.— The
power and authority of the government of
the United States came to West Virginia
today to determine who is responsiUe for
the conditions which have kept the state
in virtual civil war for more than a year.

Opening the investigation of the ooal
mine strike, which has dealt death and de-

struction in the Paint Creek and Cabin
Creek mining sections, the Senate mine
strike investigating conmiittee tonight
called upon the military authorities for the
records of the proceedings prior to, and
under the deckuration of, martial law in
the strike territory.

Judge Advocate General George S. Wal-
lace, Adjutant General Charles D. Elliott,
Major James I. Pratt, Captain Charles R.
Morgan and Captain Samuel L. Walker
were summoned before the conmiittee this
evening, to produce the state records re-
garding the declaration of martial law and
the proceeding? of the military conmiittee
¥^ch was placed in authority in the strike
district.

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 109

Senator Borah of Idaho desired their
testimony and their records as a basis for
the branch of the inquiry which he is con-
ducting, as to the charge that citizens have
been ''arrested, tried and convicted in
violation of the Constitution or the law of
the United States.''

Opening his case under the section of
the Senate resolution authorizing the in-
vestigation which directs an inquiry into
this subject, Senator Borah, at a brief ses-
sion of the committee this afternoon, read
into the record several excerpts from the
constitution of West Virginia. The first
was the provision declaring that the con-
stitution of the state and of the United
States shall always be in effect. The second
provision declared, under no circiunstances
shall the right of habeas corpus be denied.

The third was the usual provision that
no citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty
or property without due process of law.
The fourth set forth that the military au-
thority shall not supersede the civil powers,
even imder the plea of necessity, and others
provided for trial by jury in open court
for all criminal offenses.

The activities of the state authorities in
connection with the strike will be probed
by the committee, in view of these con-
stitutional guarantees, and the charge that
the mine workers have not been accorded
their full rights will be investigated with
these provisions in mind.

A formidable array of coimsel was on
hand. For the miners there appeared
Frank S. Monnet, formerly attorney gen-
eral of Ohio, Seymour Stedman of Illinois,
and M. M. Belcher and H. W. Houston.
The operators were represented by Z. T.
Vinson, E. W. Knight and C. C. Watts, with
a half score of assistants.

Two lengthy preliminary statements
were filed with the committee by the at-
tomesrs for the operators. The first was
filed by Mr. Vinson for the operators gen-
erally, and the second by Mr. Watts for
the Paint Creek Collieries company. Both
were pleas of "not guilty" and both denied
in detail and in toto the charges made in
the resolution passed by the Senate au-
thorizing the inquiry.

The operators in their brief made the
counter charge that the United Mine
Workers of America, in its attempts ''to
organize" the coal miners in the West
Virginia field, was responsible for the
violence which has characterized the
strike.

The operators declared they expect to
prove that firearms and ammimition were
brought into the state "for acts of lawless-
ness and violence, which were designed to
keep the Paint Creek and Cabin Creek
mines idle and prevent shipments of coal
therefrom until the United Mine Workers
of America should be recognized."

The statement presented by the Paint
Creek Collieries company made similar
denials and similar charges.

Former Governor Glasscock, who was
Governor when the strike began and who
declared martial law in the district, will
appear before the committee on Thursday.
He sent a telegram to the conmiittee today
offering to testify, and at the suggestion
of Senator Borah it was arranged to ex-
amine him on Thursday.

(2)
Chicago Inter Ocean

CHARLESTON, W. Va., June 11.—
War time rule in the coal strike regions of
West Virginia was described before the
Senate mine investigating committee
here today, and after three military officers
had told of conditions, the committee ex-
pressed itself as satisfied as to the charge
that "the citizens of West Virginia had
been tried and convicted in violation of the
Constitution and laws of the United
States."

Two members of the military commit-
tee, which at three different times have
assimied absolute dominion over some 150
square miles of West Virginia territory,
testified. They were Captain Charles R.
Morgan, a lawyer, and Major James I.
Pratt, who was president of the second
military court which took charge of the
strike district. Both told the committee
that their proceedings were conducted

XIO

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

without regard to the ciyfl laws of the
state; that they arrested, arraigned, tried,
convicted and sentenced offenders without
recourse to civil courts and without regard
to the limitations imposed by the statutes
of West Virginia.

''We considered that the strike district
was in a state of actual warfare," said
Captain Morgan, "and we acted according
to the procedure of the United States
Army in time of war."

''But the constitution of the state pro-
vides," interjected Attorney Monnet, for
the miners, ''that the military shall be
subordinate to the civil power, and that no
citizen, imless engaged in military service
of the state, shall be tried or punished for
any offense that is cognizable by the civil
courts of the state."

"My imderstanding was," replied Cap-
tain Morgan, "that during the state of
insurrection which prevailed, the con-
stitution of the state of West Virginia was
suspended by the acts of those men who
were burning, killing and destroying prop-
erty.

"We believed that to perpetuate the
state of West Virginia and restore the
constitution was to use extreme measures."

A dozen pictures of men clad in prison
clothing were identified by Major Pratt
as those of men who had been sentenced
by the military commission. One man was
given a sentence of seven and a half years;
several others were given three, four and
five year terms.

" Was there any indictment against these
men?" asked Senator Borah.

"No," answered Major PJatt; "they
were arraigned on charges prepared by the
judge advocate general."

Senator Borah elicited that Captain
Morgan, as a lawyer, believed that there
was no appeal from the decision of the
commission, if approved by the Governor,
except to the Supreme court of the United
States.

"Then a man did not have to commit a
statutory offense to make himself amen-
able to the action of your commission?"
asked Attorney Monnet.

"No."

'You could arraign him for an3rthing
that in your estimation was an offense?"

"Yes, except that the Governor's proc-
lamation specified statutory offenses."

Senator Martine ascertained that after
the conmussion had heard the testimony
in a case it went into secret session, ex-
ecuted sealed findings after the manner of a
verdict, and sent them to the Governor.
It was developed that forty-nine accused
men were tri^ at one time by the com-
mission.

"There was no opportunity given a man
to secure a new trial, or bail, no possibility
of a stay of execution; your decision was
final," suggested Mr. Monnet.

"Yes."

"If you had sentenced a man to death,
there was no way of stopping the execu-
tion?" asked Senator Borah.

" We did not contemplate imposing death
sentences," replied the witness.

Adjutant General Charles D. Elliott
occupied the morning session and part of
the afternoon session. Tonight Senator
Borah took up witnesses produced by the
Mine Workers to testify as to charges that
peonage obtains in the Paint and Cabin
creeks sections. A hundred brawny miners
came in from the hills today, and the at-
torneys for the Mine Workers weeded out
the witnesses they wanted to call.

Following today's speedy work, the com-
mittee decided to divide up the inquiry
tomorrow, allowing Senator Borah to pro-
ceed alone with the peonage investiga-
tion, and probably requiring Senator
Kenyon to begin an individual inquiry into
general conditions in the strike zone, while
the remainder of the committee take up
other branches of the inquiry.

TESTIMONY IN INVESTIGATION

Milwavkee Free Press

NEW YORK, Feb. 3.— Mrs. Mary
Petrucd, a coal miner's wife, today told
the federal industrial commission how her
three small children met death at her side
in the Ludlow strike massacre of 1914.

Women wept and tense faced men bent

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS iii

forward eagerly, ba the bareheaded, black
dad woman, in low, passive tones, reflect^
ing the deep melancholy of her face, re-
cited the dramatic events of the night
of April 20, when fire and machine guns
swept the strikers' camp in the southern
Colorado hills, collecting a toll of twelve
children, two women and five men. It wsfl
a remarkable recital and a memorable
scene.

Mrs. Petrucd is 24 years old. She was
bom of Italian parents in a Colorado min-
ing camp. She was married at the age of
16 and had four children when the strike
of the Colorado Fuel & Iron company em-
ployes was declared in 1913. She lost one
diild in March of the following year as
a result of privations occasioned by the
strike. With the grief of that loss still upon
her she went to live in the tent colony at
Ludlow after the strikers had been driven
from the company settlement. There the
final tragedy of her life was enacted.

She took the witness stand today with
lisUess manner and haunted eyes. Through-
out her testimony she alternately bit at
her finger nails and twisted in her frail
hands a cotton handkerchief.

Her sweet voice at no time rose above
a conversational tone, and the matter of
fact manner in which she told the story
of her grief served only to bring out with
more striking force its tragic import.

''Yes," she said in answer to Chairman
Walsh's questions, ''we had good times in
the tent colony. I liked it there better
than in the company camp. Over there
the militia came up every day and insulted
us. The Sunday before the fire was the
Greek Easter. The men in the camp cele-
brated it. We had a baseball game, and
that night there was singing, and the boys
came with banjos and we had a good time."

Into this background of merriment she
fitted the pictiue of the woe that followed.

"April 20 1 didn't leave our tent at all,"
she said. "Our tent was No. 1, and right
behind it was the maternity tent. A cellar
had been dug in that tent and there several
babies were bom while we lived in the
oolony. We also had a cellar in our tent.
It was about 6 o'dock that night. I was

down in the cellar and smelled a fire. The
children were playing around. I went up
and discovered that the tent was all on
fire. I seized my children, and taking one
in my arms, I got another by the hand^and
the other one took hold of my skirt and
we ran out of the tent.

"When I ran out I saw a lot of the mili-
tiamen around. They hollered to me to
look out and were shooting at me as I ran.
As quick as I could I ran into the mater-
nity tentanddown the steps into the cellar."

"You are sure you saw the militiamen,"
asked Mr. Walsh.

"Oh yes, sir," replied the witness.
"They were about twenty-five yards
away."

"And could they see you?"

"I saw them. And they hollered at me;
yes, sir."

She looked at Walsh with frightened
eyes as if recalling in her mind the scene
of the night and continued:

"There was a door down to the cellar
inside the tent and there were earth steps.
The door was left open as I went down,
and I don't know how it came to be dosed
later. When I got down in the cellar there
were three women and eight children there.
I knew them all. I had my baby in my
arms. It was six months old. The others
were close to me and my boy had hold of
my dress."

Twirling the handkerchief in her hands,
the woman looked over at Mr. Walsh and
in a voice from which all emotion seemed
to have been drained, she said:

"He would have been 5 years old yes-
terday — ^my boy."

"You lost all three of your children
there?" said Walsh.

"Yes, sir," she replied, soft and low.
"Host them that night."

And again she twisted the handkerchief
into a knot. A woman on the front row
of benches sobbed audibly. A shuffling of
feet and the deep breathing of the specta-
tors swept over the room. Mrs. Petmcd
gazed duUy at her questioner.

"We were in the cellar about ten min-
utes," she said, "when 'the tent over our
head took fire. I don't know how it

112

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

started. It was not on fire when I went in.
Ptetty soon after that we all lost consdous-

'' But before that/' asked Walsh, " didn't
you try to escape?"

"It was all on fire over our heads/' re-
plied the woman simply.

"Did you do anything to save your
children?"

"What could I? Oh, yes. There was a
woman there with a blanket. I asked her
to share it with me for my babies; one was
6 months, you know, and the other 2}
years, and my boy 4. She told me it was
only big enough for herself."

Mrs. Petrucci sighed. It was the only
display of emotion she made during the
recital. That blanket — a comer of it
might have saved one of the babies from
the suffocation that quickly overtook all
there. She sighed at the recollection.

"The next I knew," she continued
plaintively, "was when I woke up at 5
the next morning. I ran out for water for
my babies. They were lying there. I
thought water would help them. I did
not ^ow what I was doing. I felt like I
was drunk. Outside I saw guards walk-
ing down the railroad tracks. They were
laughing. I kept turning back all the time.
I was afraid they would shoot me."

Again the frightened look came into
her dark ringed, black eyes. A score of
women in the audience were weeping now.
Save for their smothered sighs the room
was in absolute silence. The clanging of
a bell on one of the lower floors of the
Metropolitan building rang out like a fun-
eral note.

"I went to the railroad station," said
Mrs. Petrucci. "I didn't know what I
was doing. I asked Mrs. Homing to go
look for my babies. She said she could not
find them. Someone bought me a ticket
for Trinidad. I was in bed there nine days
with pneumonia. I did not see my children
again."

A woman on the front row groaned and
Mrs. Petrucci looked down at her with
dazed eyes.

" Don't you know how the fire started? "
asked Commissioner Weinstock.

"No, sir; the beginning of the fire was
in my tent. It was about 6 o'clock. It was
still hght. It started outside."

"But when you went out didn't you
see anyone?

"No, sir, only the militiamen."

For a full two minutes the commis-
sioners gased silently at the woman. Then
finally Weinstock saked:

"When you went to the railroad station
what did you think had become of your
chfldren?"

"I wasn't thinking of anything," re-
plied Mrs. Petrucci, clasping her hand-
kerchief to her breast.

Mother Jones took the woman in her
arms as she stepped from the stand and
led her away.

Andrew Carnegie will probably be called
on Friday.

HEARING ON CITY ORDINANCE

New York Herald

If there is any general opposition to an
ordinance to guard the public against the
nuisance of smoking automobiles, it failed
to develop at a public hearing in the mat-
ter held yesterday af temoon by the Com-
mittee on Laws and Legislation of the
Board of Aldermen. One man appeared
when opponents of the bill were asked to
express their views, but he admitted that
the ordinance woiild be a good thing if
operative only in Manhattan.

He was Herbert G. Andrews, of the
Conmiittee on Laws and Legislation of the
Long Island Automobile Qub. He said
the club favored the abatement of the
nuisance, but would like to have the ordi-
nance altered in certain respects.

In the form introduced by Alderman
NicoU the ordinance is identically the same
as one now in force prohibiting smok-
ing automobiles in the parks. It says that
"no person shall run a motor vehicle in
the streets and highways of the city of
New York which emits from the exhaust
or muffler thereof offensive quantities of
smoke, gas or disagreeable odors," and that
"any violation of the provisions of this

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 113

ordinance shall be deemed a minor offence
and, upon conviction thereof before a city
magistrate, shall be punished by a fine of
not more than $10 or by imprisonment in
the City Prison, or by both; but no such
imprisonment, however, shall exceed a
term of five dasrs."

Mr. Andrews suggested that the word
" offensive *' be chan^d to "excessive '' and
that the fine be graduated — slight for the
first offence and heavier for subsequent
offences.

William H. Palmer, of the New York
Transportation Company, a taxicab con-
cern, said that it would be easier to deter-
mine the offence if the ordinance made
some reference to the distance at which
smoke extending from an automobile was
unlawful.

In support of the bill there appeared
many persons, including two women. Al-
derman NicoU said that smoking auto-
mobiles were the cause of a great blue
haze often to be found at places such as
Coliunbus Circle and Forty-second street
and Fifth avenue. The smoke penetrated
stores, he said, and made it necessary for
merchants to keep their doors and windows
closed to protect their goods.

The alderman told of riding in a taxi-
cab from Cortlandt street to Fiftieth street
on Thursday afternoon and of passing one
hundred and sixty-four automobiles, of
which, he said, thirty were smoking.

Paris, London and Berlin have laws pro-
hibiting the emission of smoke from auto-
mobiles, he said, and the law in force in
Paris is even more drastic than his or-
dinance. II

Dr. Holbrook Curtis corroborated Mr.
Nicoll in his claim that smoke had a bad
effect on the health of the people who in-
haled the fumes. He said it was especially
injurious to persons suffering from gas-
tritis.

Mrs. John Rogers, as chairman of the
Hygiene Committee of the New York
City Federation of Women's Clubs,
pleaded for the passage of the ordinance
for the sake of little children, whose noses
and eyes were affected by the smoke,
she said. Mrs. Eatherine S. Day, of the

Women's Municipal League, also urged the
passage of the measure.

Others who spoke in favor of the meas-
ure were Charles J. Campbell, counsel for
the Hotel Association of the City of New
York; Frederick G. Cook, president of the
Fifth Avenue Association; John C. Cole-
man, of the West End Association, and
William Eirkpatrick.

Mr. Coleman said that on the upper
west side chauffeurs often vie with one
another to see how much smoke they can
emit and how much noise they can make.

The claim was made .that [the emission
of smoke could be prevented without dif-
ficulty, and nobody contradicted the state-
ment. Taxicabs were said to be the worst
offenders.

HEARING ON PROPOSED
ORDINANCE

New York Times

Nearly 500 persons living in New York
who raise chickens on their fire escapes,
in their backyards, or on vacant lots, for
eating purposes or for their eggs, went by
invitation to the offices of the Department
of Health 3resterday afternoon and made a
mighty protest against the proposed ordi-
nance to prohibit the raising of hens within
seventy-five feet of the nearest residence
or public building, and the keeping of
roosters anywhere.

Their complaints against the hardships
of the regulations under consideration were
heard with great patience by Dr. Haven
Emerson, Deputy Conmiissioner of Health,
in charge of the Sanitary Bureau. Dr.
Emerson had difficulty in keeping order at
the meeting, because all the chicken owners
were disposed to talk at once. On this
account, too, many of those who probably
had good arguments to use against the
tentative ordinance were unable to get a
hearing.

The lecture room on the fifth floor of
the Department of Health Building was
packed with chicken owners long before
4 o'clock, when the meeting was called to
order by Dr. Emerson. The gathering was

114

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

oompoeed of every kind of chicken nuser,
from the head of a family which kept just
two pullets for their eggSi to the fancier
who boasted of the finest breed of fowl in
large numbers. Seated on either side of
Dr. Emerson were several members of his
staff, including Dr. John Barry, Assistant
Sanitary Superintendent of Queens, and
Dr. John Sprague, Assistant Sanitary
Superintendent of Richmond.

The meeting was opened by Dr. Emer-
son, who explained that the Sanitary Bu-
reau had received more than 14,000 com-
plaints on accoimt of chickens since the
first of the year. Furthermore, he asserted
that inspectors were occupied one-third
of their time investigating applications for
permits to keep chickens, or complaints
about them. He then started to read some
of the hundreds of letters of complaint on
the subject of chickens, when one of the
owners interrupted:

''I don't think it's fair to take up our
time with letters of complaint, because
we already know what's in them. We want
to find out what's the best the Depart-
ment of Health can do for chicken raisers."

A member of a delegation from Sheeps-
head Bay said that the proposed seventy-
five-foot limit would entirely wipe out
chicken raising in his section, and he be-
Heved it would have the same effect in
other suburban districts. He said:

"I have a plot 100 by 100 feet, and my
house is constructed so that it would be
impossible for me to keep chickens in ac-
cordance with the seventy-five-foot limit.
The average suburbanite lives on a plot
60 by 100 feet."

The suggestion that the new Hmit
would practically eliminate the chicken
industry from this city, brought forth a
chorus of groans not unlike that of Sing
Sing when a convict is led from the death
house to the electric chair.

Dr. Emerson was the target for a score
of different questions from every part of
the room, and, as the best way out of the
difficulty, he asked all who had killed
chickens on their plots to raise their hands.^

"Don't you do it; you'll be fined," was
the warning dbouted by one of the chicken

owners, and this was the signal for another
series of groans.

It took the Deputy Health Commis-
sioner some little; time to restore order and
to explain to the men and women that no
police officers were present to start pro-
ceedings against offenders of the anti-
chicken-slaughtering regulations.

One of the chicken raisers pointed out
that the law was absurd in that it said that
a chicken coop could not be kept within
seventy-five feet of a factory.

''Is a chicken going to harm a factory?"
he asked.

Dr. Emerson then tried to tell the com-
plaining chicken owners that milk-bottling
works, on the sanitation of which depended
the lives of thousands of babies, were among
the "factories" protected by the r^^ula-
tion. He also said that there was no intent
in the seventy-five-foot limit to discrimi-
nate against chicken owners any more than
there was to discriminate against saloons,
which are required to be 200 feet removed
from the nearest church or school. Here
he was interrupted:

''You see a lot of drunken men coming
out of saloons, but you never see a drunken
chicken coming out of a chicken coop."

When Dr. Emerson asserted that 150,-
000 chickens were slaughtered in New
York City every year in violation of the
law regulating slaughter houses, several
men and ¥romen jumped to their feet. All
at once the men protested:

"But we slau^ter them in a more san-
itary way than the licensed slaughter
houses."

When this period of excitement had
somewhat subsided, a little woman arose
quietly and, on the ground that she kept
two chickens for their eggs, protested
against further reference to the killing of
fowls as "slaughter."

J. Howland Leavitt, Superintendent of
Highways of Queens, endeavored to calm
the chicken owners by assuring them that
it must be the idea of the Department of
Health to improve bad conditions without
being too strict with those persons who
complied with the health regulations.

"For instance," said Supt. Leavitt, "I

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 115

keep chickens within sixty-five feet of a
school house. They do not disturb any of
my neighbors, and there has never been
any complaint about them, to my knowl-
edge."

"ELave you ever received a permit to
keep those chickens?" asked Dr. Emerson.

"No," replied Mr. Leavitt, and the
chicken owners were forced to laugh —
for the first time.

On behalf of citizens of Queens and
Richmond Boroughs in their districts,
Aldermen Burden of Flushing and O'Rourke
of Richmond made certain objections to the
proposed ordinance. Alderman Burden
said his constituents were satisfied with
the present law, and only asked for ade-
quate inspection. Alderman O'Rourke
said it would be more in keeping with the
Mayor's policy to apply home rule to
chickens and leave each Assistant Sani-
tary Superintendent with jurisdiction in
his borough.

The fears of the chicken raisers were
somewhat allayed when Commissioner
Emerson read a letter from one of their
number suggesting a few modifications
to the proposed ordinance. He took a
vote on the suggestions and the majority
indorsed them.

Before the meeting was closed the
chicken owners voted their thanks to Dr.
Emerson for his patience in hearing their
complaints.

HEARING BEFORE COMMITTEE

Chicago Herald

Are women less brave than men in time
of danger?

J. C. McDonnell, chief of the fire pre-
vention bureau, precipitated the second
chapter in the controversy yesterday when
he appeared before the judiciary committee
of the city council and reiterated his con-
tention that public safety demanded the
substitution of men for women ushers in
Chicago theaters.

"Women ushers are not as brave as men
when danger comes," he argued.

"Experience has proved that statement

purely theoretical and absolutely untrue,"
responded the managers of playhouses
which employ girl ushers.

"Women ushers are all right to hand out
programs and show patrons to seats, but
that is all," the fire prevention chief re-
marked.

And thereby Armageddon was set down
in the midst of the theatrical world.

The first strategic move of the opposing
forces — ^the girl ushers of Chicago —
consisted in the organization of an effec-
tive fighting machine.

"The Girl Ushers' Anti-McDonnell
League" it is called — and the name con-
ceals little of the organization's plans of
procedure.

"Our ¥rork is to us what other kinds of
work are to other girls — our means of
earning a livelihood," said Miss Marie
Donlan of the Princess Theater, chairman
of the league. "To the assistant fire chief
the change from women ushers to men
would mean only the vindication of an
idea. To us it would mean the loss of our
positions."

The campaign contemplated by the
league has no place in it for consideration
of ^e feelings of the fire prevention head.

"We shall ignore him with pleasure,"
volunteered Miss Blanche Lamb, head
usher of the Garrick.

Here is the plan worked out by the
members of the league's impromptu war
council: A petition will be prepared and
presented to Mayor Harrison by a com-
mittee selected from the membership of
the league. The petition will recite actual
instances in which girls have proved their
bravery " under fire."

New friends sprang to the defense of the
young women at the council committee
meeting. They were Aldermen Coughhn
and Dempsey. The former cited the in-
stance of the Iroquois Theater fire, when
"men ushers failed to prevent terrible loss
of life." Alderman Dempsey said it would
be wrong "to throw so many girls out of
employment."

Girl ushers active in the new league in-
clude the Misses Eleanor Cline and Ger-
trude White of the Princess Theater, tlie

rll6

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Misses Lucile Perkiiis and Blanche Lamb
of the Garricky and the Misses T. Crowley,
D. Dennis and G. Kennedy of Powers'.

The council judiciary committee voted
to defer action until after the managers of
the theaters had been given an opportunity
to be heard.

Meanwhile — who are braver, girls or
boys?

Theatrical managers say girls.

Assistant Chief McDonndl says bojni.

And you — ?

STATE LEGISLATURE

8L Louis Post-Diapaich

JEFFERSON CITY, Jan. 21.— Op-
position of Democratic politicians in St.
Louis to a reform of the Justice of the Peace
system in the city developed in the House
yesterday over a bill modeled along the
lines of the Mimicipal Courts bill, which
has three times been killed through the in-
fluence of politicians who sought to per-
petuate the present system in the minor
courts of St. Louis.

William R. Handy, Democratic member
from the Third District in St. Louis, yes-
terday succeeded in keeping the Justice of
the Peace bill in the Committee on Muni-
cipal Corporations after the House had
voted to request that committee to return
the bill that it might be referred to the
Committee on Justices of the Peace, to
which it properly belongs.

Handy is a member of the Mimicipal
Corporations Committee, and with the bill
in that committee, it is always under his
eye, and he is in a position to have a voice
in determining whether it shall ever be re-
ported. Through many sessions Handy has
fought to kill the municipal courts bill.

The Justices of the Peace bill was in-
troduced by John C. Harrison of St. Louis.
Harrison is a lawyer and a former Justice
of the Peace.

His bill provides that Justices of the
Peace shall be elected at large in St. Louis
and that each shall have jurisdiction
throughout the city. It places each Justice
on a salary of $3000 a year and provides

for a reduction in the number of Justices
from 11 to 7. Each Justice, the bill pro-
vides, must be a licensed attorney.

One derk is provided for, to be elected
by the Justices. There are to be such dep-
uty clerks as are required. One Constable
is provided for in the bill, his salary to be
$2500 a year. Deputy clerks and Con-
stables shall be paid $1800 a year each. In
addition to his salary, the Constable is al-
lowed 2i per cent of all amounts collected
by him on execution.

The bill does not require that all the
justice courts shall be in one building, but
provides that the Board of Aldermen shall
provide suitable rooms and offices, which
shall be centrally located.

The bill is opposed by ward politicians,
as wafl the Municipal Courts bill in pre-
vious sessions, for the reason that it would
abolish many jobs of Constables and would
break up the political organizations in the
Justice of the Peace districts in St. Louis.

Democrats are opposing it on the addi-
tional ground that under the present S3rB-
tem the Democrats are able to elect some
Justices and Constables, and they fear
that, if such officers were elected at large,
the Republicans would win all the jobs.

The controlling motive of the opposi-
tion, however, is the danger of breaking up
the organizations through which politiccd
bosses are able to reward faithful hench-
men or get jobs for themselves.

The requirement that a Justice must be
a practicing attorney would end the pres-
ent system, practiced in many of the dis-
tricts in St. Louis, of ward politicians hav-
ing themselves elected Justices of the
Peace.

Harrison's bill was introduced a week
ago. It was referred by Speaker Ross to
the Municipal Corporations Committee, of
which Handy is a member. Yesterday
Harrison requested that it be taken from
that committee and sent to the Committee
on Justices of the Peace, of which he is a
member.

Handy objected. He said that he was
opposed to having the bill in Harrison's
committee. Speaker Ros& said that it was
customary to refer a bill to any committee

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 117

the member introducing it desired, but
Representative James J. Blain made the
point that Ross had no power to take the
bill out of the Mimicipal Corporations
Committee.

Harrison then offered a motion that the
committee be instructed to return the bill
to the House. Blain objected to the form of
the motion. He said that the committee
should be requested, not instructed. Har-
rison changed his motion.

The Municipal Corporations Commit-
tee met yesterday afternoon. Handy was
present. The committee voted to refuse the
request of the House and to retain posses-
sion of the bill. The only Democrats on the
committee voting to return the bill were
Representatives White of Cole County and
O'Brien of Wayne County.

Harrison said this morning that he would
renew his motion and that he would ask
that the House order the Municipal Cor-
porations Committee to return the bill.

NoTB — TJie second of the next two sloriea
foUowe up the news of the introduction of an
ardinanoe given in the first story,

CITY COUNCIL MEETING

(1)

Philadelphia Ledger
(Condensed)

Authority for the immediate erection of
a two-track elevated railway from Front
and Arch streets to Rhawn street, Holmes-
burg, is granted in an ordinance introduced
in Common Council yesterday by Peter E.
Costello, of the 45th Ward.

Asserting that he had introduced the bill
upon his own volition, Mr. Costello said
that he did not even know whether it em-
braced the recommendations made by Di-
rector of City Transit Taylor for such a
road. The people in the northeast want it,
he said, and are certain that it will be a pay-
ing proposition. Republican Organization
leaders are understood to be behind the
measure. The bill relegates Director Tay-
lor to second place in approval of the plans

for the project. It provides that work shall
be started within six months after the
plans have been approved by the '' Depart-
ments of Public Works and of City Transit."

Attention was called to the fact that the
Costello ordinance, by clearing the way for
the Philadelphia Rapid Transit to accept a
Northeast **L" proposition by itself, might
seriously hamper the projects of Director
Taylor by eliminating one of the main fea-
tures in the Taylor plans, which contem-
plate the new high-speed system as a unit.
The deep significance of the ordinance,
councilmanic observers said, lay in this fact.

In accordance with the agreement be-
tween the city and the Rapid Transit Com-
pany, the latter has first refusal of the
franchise. If within 00 days after passage
of the ordinance that company does not
indicate acceptance or rejection, the Mayor
shall, by public advertisement, request
tenders for the construction of the elevated
and report the same to Coimcils, "to the
end that the said new company or the city
of Philadelphia may proceed with the con-
struction of the same."

The company submitting the successful
tender is given six months within which to
present complete plans for approval to the
Departments of Public Works and of City
Transit. Within six months after approval
of such plans actual work of construction
must be started.

In consideration of the franchise the
company is to pay to the city 10 per cent,
of its net profits in cash before any divi-
dends are paid. The rate of fare is not to
exceed 5 cents for a continuous ride. <

The road throughout is to have an over-
head clearance of 14 feet above street
grades. From Front and Arch streets to
Frankford, the Costello route is declared
to be the same as that laid down by Di-
rector Taylor.

As provided in the ordinance, the route
of the road is to be from Front and Arch
streets, along Front street to Kensing-
ton avenue, along Kensington avenue to
Frankford avenue, along Frankford avenue
to Rhawn street.

Stations are to be established at Front
and Arch streets, at Noble street, Girard

ii8

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

avenue and Berks street; along Kensing-
ton avenue between Somerset and Cam-
bria streets, between Allegheny avenue and
Westmoreland street and at or near Tioga
and Adams streets; along Frankford avenue
at Unity, Arrott, Bridge, Comly, Tjrsoi^
and Rhawn streets.

The road is to be operated by electricity
or any power other than steam. The ordi-
nance was referred to the Committee on
Street Railways, of which Charles Seger is
chairman and Mr. Costello a member.

The announcement that an ordinance
had been mtroduced for the construction
of the Frankford elevated was a complete
surprise to Director of Transit Taylor. He
so told the audience he addressed last night
at a mass-meeting in Tioga. He refused to
discuss the matter at any length.

"After I carefully study that ordinance,"
he said, "and learn more about it, I will
make a public statement. That will be to-
morrow afternoon."

A resolution introduced by Select Coun-
cilman Harry J. Trainer, to grant permis-
sion for the use of the south side of Pier 16,
South, for loading supplies by the Ameri-
can Commission for Rdief in Belgium, was

An ordinance for a "curb market" on
Marshall street, between Brown and Par-
rish streets, also was passed.

A resolution providing for the extension
of the Greenmount Cemetery, which re-
cently passed Common Council, was ob-
jected to by William R. Rieber and, on
motion of Louis Hutt, of the 29th Ward,
was laid on the table.

A resolution was passed providing for
the extension of Fairmount Park by the
addition of a plot of ground at Ritten-
house street and Wissahickon avenue.

Resolutions were introduced providing
for the appropriation of $26,000 for a bridge
on Sherwood avenue over the east branch
of Indian Run; for the opening of Beulah
street from Shunk street to Oregon avenue,
and Charles street from Bridge to EEarrison
streets; for an appropriation of $6500 for
the improvement of Council Park; for the
opening of a playground and recreation
centre between Fnmkf ord and Erie avenues.

Venango street and the Pennsylvania rail-
road; and for $12,000 for the purchase of a
Delaware wharf property on the south side
of Pine street.

A communication was received from the
East Germantown Improvement Associa-
tion, calling attention to the dangerous
condition existing along York road by rea-
son of the absence of properly paved side-
walks, and urging better police protection.
A letter also was received from Judge Bar-
ratt, urging that the Sons of the Revolution
be permitted to erect a bronze tablet to the
memory of John Nixon in Independence
Square.

A plea also was received from the Mu-
tual Beneficial and Protective Association
of the Bureau of Water, requesting a 15 per
cent, increase in salaries for employes now
getting $1400 a year or less.

Select Coimcilman George T. Conrade,
of the 5th Ward, introduced a resolution
granting the use of Washington Square for
the proposed "mongrel" or "yellow dog"
show, to be held on December 19.

(2)

Pktladephia Ledger
(Abridged)

Opposition to Councilman Peter E. Cos-
tello's ordinance proposing the early con-
struction of an elevated railroad to Frank-
ford, with the Philadelphia Rapid Transit
Company receiving first preference as a
building and operating company, was
sounded yesterday by prominent council-
manic leaders. Republican Organization
colleagues of Mr. Costello.

In a joint statement setting forth that
they had no knowledge of the Costello ordi-
nance previous to its introduction last
Thursday, Charles Seger, chairman of
Councils' Joint Committee on Street Rail*
ways, and John P. Connelly, chairman
of Coimcils' Finance Committee, declared
themselves opposed to any ordinance which
does not embrace, transit facilities "on a
broad basis" for tiiie entire city.

At the same time Director of City Tran-
sit A. Merritt Taylor, after an analysis of
the CoeteUo bill, issued a statement de-

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 119

daring that the passage of such an ordi-
nance would be ''an unthinkable betrayal
of a public trust/' in that it would serve to
defeat the plan of the department to con-
nect every important section of the city
with every o^er important section by
high-speed lines for a single 5-cent fare. To
hand over to any corporation at this junc-
ture the Frankf ord " L, " said Director Tay-
lor, would be to "give away the most effec-
tive lever which the people have to secure
adequate rapid transit for Philadelphia."

Protest against the Costello plan was
forthcoming from many sections of the city
In letters, in telephone messages and in
visits to Director Taylor from delegations
of citizens. The Philadelphia Navy Yard
led the way by sending a delegation, headed
by G. H. Williams, chairman of the League
Island Improvement Association, who de-
clared against a "one-legged proposition
of any ]dnd" and in favor of transit de-
vdopment for all Philadelphia. This del-
egation pointed out that Costello's bill
contained no provision for transfers from
the Frankford "L'' and Market street
"L" to Navy Yard lines, making neces-
sary two 5-cent fares rather than the single
5-cent fare proposed imder the Taylor
plan.

Adherents of the Taylor plan pointed out
that the Costello ordinance provided for
extension of the Frankford devatedfrom
Bridge street, Frankford, the northern
terminal of the Taylor elevated, to Rhawn
street, in Holmesburg. This, it was pointed
out, was a projection three miles long
through an undeveloped territory, which,
however, contains choice building lots now
held by realty corporations and private
owners.

In the face of all the protest, Council-
man Costello announced that Frankford,
with one-third of the entire population of
the dty, was entitled to first consideration
in transit development, and that it had
been trying to get better facilities for 25
years. He said he was not considering the
needs of Darby, Logan or any other section
of the dty. He did not care whether the
Rapid Transit Company or an independ-
ent ooncem built and operated the line.

Further, he had consulted no one in draft-
ing his ordinance.

MEDICAL CONVENTION

New York Times

The man isn't bom who can tell a lie
under the dose observation of physiologi-
cal experts without an increase in the pres-
sure of the blood, according to a statement
made by Dr. Louisa Bums of the A. T.
Still Research Institute of Chicago, at the
final meeting of the sixteenth Annual Con-
vention of the New York Osteopathic So-
ciety, yesterday aftemoon, at the Park
Avenue Hotd, Park Avenue and Thirty-
third Street. Dr. Bums has drawn her
condusions from a long series of experi-
ments, conducted in her laboratory.

It was pointed out to the three hundred
osteopaths by Dr. Bums that any habit-
ual liar could tell an untmth without be-
traying the slightest sign of decdt in the
expression of his face or in the movement
of his body. But the action of the pulse,
she said, was far beyond the control even of
the best liar. She explained that this was so
because the pulse or pressure of the blood
was influenced chiefly by the change of
emotions, and the most finished liars, she
observed, had sometimes the strongest
emotions.

"The action of the blood pressure is an
indicator to the person who is accustomed
to work with it. By watching it you are
able to get the true history of a case, even
in spite of the reticence of the patient, in
the same way in which you are able to find
a hidden object in the game of hide and
seek, when your search is guided toward
that hidden thing by the warning, 'You're
getting hot,' and away from it by the
counter warning, 'You're getting cold.'

"When a patient comes to my office I
always find it is better to work with him
as he lies on a table. In order to avoid dis-
tracting his attention, it is better to sit
quietly bedde him rather than stand over
him. He is engaged in a conversation at
first simply about the nature of his com-
plaint. Meanwhile I have found his pulse.

120

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ftnd as the conversation progresses, the
patient soon forgets that his pulse is the one
thing under observation. If the patient is
asked about a certain thing which may
have been true of his case, he will confirm
your guess by the action of his pulse, even
though he may evade your question. If he
is trying to keep from disclosing this fact
to you, the pressure of his blood will in-
evitably be increased."

Dr. Bums said that she was certain she
could take a witness in a criminal case and
find out absolutely to her own satisfaction
whether he was telling the truth or lying.
However, she would be unwilling to give
testimony this way for conviction. Asked if
a man of lowmentality responded differently
in the pressure of his blood from a man of
higher mentality, Dr. Bums explained that
he did, yet the truth and the lie were as
easily distinguishable in one as in the other.

The management of pneumonia, scarlet
fever, and typhoid fever with technique
was discussed by E. C. Link, D. O., Stam-
ford, Conn.; G. V. Webster, D. O., Carth-
age; J. A. De Tienne, D. O., Brooklyn, and
J. E. Foster, D. O., Butler, Penn. "Osteo-
pathy and Acute Conditions," was the
subject of a paper by Dr. George M.
TAughlin, M. S. D., D. O., of the American
School of Osteopathy.

These were elected officers of the so-
ciety: W. A. Merkley, D. O., Brooklyn,
President; Louisa Diecknuum, D. O., Buf-
falo, Vice President; C. M. Bancroft, D. O.,
Canandaigua, Secretary, and Cecil Rogers,
D. O., New York, Treasurer.

MEETING OF SAFETY COUNCIL

Chicago Herald

There is one railroad company in the
United States that has solved the difficulty
presented by boys who delight in "flip-
ping" cars and "milling" locomotive turn-
tables at considerable risk to life and
limbs.

The remedy? Bribery, nothing less.
Nicely embossed "Safety First" buttons,
or, as a last and never failing resort, a
swimming pool near the round-house.

This revelation of latest railroad safety
methods was made yesterday at the closing
session of the third annual congress of the
national council for industrial safety at the
Hotel LaSaJle, by W. B. Spaulding of St.
Louis, chairman of the cenlral safety com-
mittee of the Frisco System.

"Every railroad has trouble with bosrs
who 'hop' and 'flip' trains and play with
the turntables," said he. "I am glad to be
able to report that the Frisco road has
solved the problem with success, so far as we
are concerned. We awarded 'Safety' but-
tons to those who swore off on these juve-
nile pastimes, and when that failed, we in-
stalled swimming pools near the round-
houses, under ra^ioad supervision.

"The swimming pool never has failed
to work. AU that is necessary to steer a
boy away from dangerous pastimes is to
provide a sane outlet for his excess energy."

The 500 members of the councfl, rep-
resenting more than 1,000,000 working-
men throughout the United States and
covering almost every line of industrial
endeavor, unanimously adopted resolu-
tions against the use of alcohol, in part as
follows:

"It is recognized that the use of alco-
holic stimulants is productive of most in-
dustrial accidents and works against the
safety and efficiency of workmen.

"Therefore, be it resolved, That it is the
sense of this congress that the members
pledge themselves to the elimination of the
use of alcoholic stimulants among the em-
ployes of their plants and factories."

M. A. Dow, general safety agent of the
New York Central lines, thought "the pub-
lic must be educated to believe that a rail-
road's safety rules are for their benefit,
rather than to save the company damage
suits." As evidence of the progress of the
"safety first" propaganda, he cited fig-
ures of his company showing that for the
year ending Jime 30, 1914, there had been
100 fewer deaths from accidents and 132
fewer injuries.

The inculcation of accident prevention
should start in the kindergarten and con-
tinue through high school and college, in the
opinion of Martin J. Insull, vice president

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 121

of the Middle West Utilities Company,
Chicago.

''The public's extravagant disregard for
the value of its safety is shown during the
automobile season, when ova papers con-
stantly report terrible accidents invariably
caused by suicidal carelessness,'' said he.

Melville W. Mix, president of the Dodge
Manufacturing Company, Mishawaka,
Ind., and head of the manufacturers' bu-
reau of that state, placed the blame for 75
per cent of factory accidents on the dis-
interested and indifferent attitude of the
employer toward his employe.

"Safety first is not a philanthropic
movement on the part of employer to em-
ploye," said he. "Safety first is a hard
practicality of business extension. That
seems a hard statement, but it is not with-
out its qualifications, as there is a blood-
and-soul side of every phase of business
life.

"We see wealthy magnates lay fabulous
sums at the disposal of a world peace tri-
bunal, and we see in what short space of
time the martial strength of a continent
may apparently forget the life-conserving
principles to which they have subscribed.
Do we see any such enthusiasm in the
cause of commercial or industrial safety?
Is the blood spilled at the lathe, the forge,
the throttle or the grade crossing less red,
less valuable than that shed on fields of
battle?"

RAILWAY COMMISSIONS'
CONVENTION

Madison [Wis,] Democrat

WASHINGTON, Nov. 17. — "More
deaths are caused by improper ventilation
of train coaches and waiting rooms than by
train accidents."

The conmiittee on railway service and
railway acconm^odations so reported to the
annual convention of the national associa-
tion of railway commissions today.

"The noxious gases that fill coaches,
especially sleeping cars, in connection with
the peculiar character of dust therein, are
most conducive to germ breeding where

proper ventilation is lacking," the com-
mittee added.

In regard to the lighting of railway
coaches, the committee said that this prob-
lem has been fairly satisfactorily solved on
the trunk lines, but that on many branch
lines the dingy, dirty ofl lamp is stiU in
evidence. A vigorous campaign against this
condition is recommended.

Carelessness in providing drinking water
at stations and on trains is noted, and it is
reconmiended that railroad conmiissions
abolish the stationary water cooler and
prescribe a cooler with a portable con-
tainer. Uniform methods of cleansing such
containers, sanitary methods of handling
ice, and sanitary drinking cups, to be pro-
vided free of charge for the public are also
reconmiended and the placing of ice in the
receptacle is deprecated.

The failure of suburban trains to arrive
and depart on time is the cause of wide
complaint, says the conunittee. Another
source of complaint is the lack of adequate
service on Sundays. The conunittee be-
lieves that at least one train should operate
in each direction as a minimum Sunday
service.

The conmiittee recommends the elimina-
tion of the practice of paying freight bills
carr3dng manifest over charges. Delays in
handling and settling claims are also com-
plained of, and the committee concludes
that the best means of minimizing such
delays is to require the railroads to pay in-
terest on the true claim amoimt from the
date the amoimt of the claim went into
their hands.

On the question of substitution of steel
for wooden cars, the committee recom-
mends that the interstate commerce com-
mission be given full power to prescribe the
character of equipment to be used in inter-
state commerce.

CLUB VOTES TO DISBAND

Ohio State Journal

The Social Workers' Club is dead.
The end came peacefully at 10:10 last
evening, after a protracted period of wast-

isa

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

iogaway. The immediate fnends of the de-
ceased were present at the last.

While a divergeiicy of opinion existed
among those called in to treat the patient,
a majority seemed to feel that the demise
was due to malnutrition and faulty assimila-
tion. It was felt that the Social Workers'
Club had failed to take its own medicine —
it was not social.

At a consultation held last evening at the
Y. M. C. A. 30 persons were present. They
had appeared out of a list of 78 who had
been advised that the end was near. The
main question was whether digitalis and
oxygen should be administered, or whether
nature should be allowed to take its apparent
course, unhindered. On a roll call six voted
to let it die. Four voted for resuscitation.
The remaining 20 did not care enough to
vote, or were animated by high humani-
tarian motives which f orlmde holding out
hope to a doomed patient.

The Social Workers' Club was bom
about five years ago. It was a healthy
infant at first, with strong pulse and regu-
lar respiration, and took nourishment regu-
larly once a month. Social experts from all
over the country came and told it how to
get along. It passed through its second
summer and teething period without seri-
ous disorder. The third year it showed a
difBiculty in digesting aU that it hi^urd.
Under treatment this disorder did not dis-
appear, but seemed rather to augment.
A series of special dinners drained its vital-
ity to the lowest ebb.

One of the reasons advanced for this
condition last night was that the family
income was not sufficient to support the
child as it required, two other children, the
Council of Churches and the Philanthropic
Council, having di^ded the natural re-
sources.

Miss Blanche Green prescribed a treat-
ment of play, but it did not meet with gen-
eral appro^. She said it wasn't Gowdy
that brought peofde down town last night,
but just a dedre to play. She confessed to
an occasional desire for a game of mumbly-
peg. ''Social workers, who are trying to
reform the world, have forgotten how to be
social," she said.

Rev. H. W. March was inclined to the
belief that the treatment had been regular
and academic throughout. HeUiou^tthat
if the patient had to die, no criticism could
lie against those who attended in its last
hours. Prof. H. R. Horton was inclined to
adopt the Green diagnosis, but thought a
return to the treatment administered dur-
ing the first two years might prolong life.

The other children, the Council of
Churches and the Philanthropic Council,
survive, and kind-hearted neighbors will
look after them until they adjust them-
selves to the new ocmdition of things.

OLD CLOTHES MEN'S MEETING
New York Sun

Around the comer from the weather-
beaten Church of the Sea and Land in
Henry street yesterday af temoon there
was a bussing of voices which grew in time
to a loud and angry chorus and drew all the
children of the quarter. The children
thought there was a fight, but the police-
man who was passing the time of day with
a caf 6 keeper whose name ended in " opou-
los," knew better, grinned and went on
about his business.

The old clothes dealers, whose profit lies
in shambling through the better residence
streets in the early morning and shattering
the quiet with their singsong appeals for
trade, were meeting to denounce Gen.
Bingham, Commissioner of Police. Since
last Monday, when the police muffled the
strident voices of the "cash-for-do"' men
as a consequence of his belief that there was
entirely too much unnecessary noise in this
town, the dealers have accumulated bit-
terness in their insides.

Therefore yesterday af temoon in the
hall at 49 Henry street they howled their
woes against the walls and let out pent up
sounds. PrindpaJly, it appeared, their
wrath was directed against the Police
Commissioner. He was a tyrant. He was a
czar. He was several distinct and wholly
different kinds of things which could only
be expressed in Yiddish. English was quite
unequal to their necessities. But the aris-

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 123

tocrats of their trade who gabble at the
comer of Bayard and Elizabeth streets
came in for full scorn. Why were these al-
lowed to buy and sell with appropriate
outcries and calls when the itinerant pedlers
were muxsled by the law?

At Bayard and Elizabeth streets is the
great old clothes exchange of New York
dt^— of the whole country, for that mat-
ter — where any day in the week you will
find in the open street several hundred
old and bearded men, with green frock
coats that sweep to their knees, dealing in
cast off garments and shoes. The Jewish
women of the East Side, thrifty souls, go
there to trade cloth, ironware, dishes, rib-
bons, anything they can spare, for hats or
coats or trousers or shoes that their men
might wear. Old clothes brokers from the
South — as far south as Atlanta — ^haggle
with the dealers of the East Side, and take
back to their homes great packs of clothes
bought cheap in money, dear in words.

It was the complaint of the Old Clothes
Dealers' Protective Association, the itin-
erant pedlers, that the police mandate
against noise has not been applied to the
market place at Bayard and Elizabeth
streets.

The voice of Ikey Cohen, veteran
hawker, rumbled toward old Jacob Jahr,
president of the association, who sat high
on the rostrum, high hat over his ears,
pulling at his gray streaked beard, and lost
itself in the recesses behind a great seven
branched candlestick.

''No more I must gif my calls," he com-
plained with outspread hands. "If so much
as I gry, 'Gaaaa-sshI OF Clo's. Gaaaa-
sshl' a bolisman he koms from Bingham
and grabs my arm by him and he says,
' Gut id owidl If you make a holler you 11 be
peenchedl'*' [Applause.]

And all around the long room, a place of
prayer and meditation on the Jewish Sab-
bat, the men nodded their headis solemnly
grunting in their beards, saying in Yid-
dish:

** Truly, that is the way we have found it.
How is a citizen to prosper in these days,
I ask you, my friend?"

Old Louis Stein, pedler for twenty-five

years, and reputed to be rich, orated in
English after his own fashion.

'^ Der city it owes us a liffing? Say you
so? Veil, then. How vill beoples know vat
we vant unless ve make cries? Uddervise,
ve might as well chump in der river! Ledt
us write to Bresident Roosevelt! He vill
tell Mister Bingham [very scornfully was
this said] where to make a gedt off! " [More
applause and a great stamping on the
floor.]

Along toward evening, when the meeting
of the 400 old clothes p>edlers had run for
three hours, and nearly everybody had had
a say, most of them comparing New York
to St. Petersburg, the advantage lying en-
tirely with the latter capital, they decided
to send a delegation to Commissioner
Bingham to-day to beg that they be per-
mitted once more to seek trade with their
tongues. They agreed among themselves
to call very softly, only twice or three times
in any street, if the General would permit
them to open their mouths. Also, they in-
tend to ask that the permanent exchange
at Bayard and Elizabeth streets be muffled
if they are to be kept quiet.

The House and Wagon Pedlers' Asso-
ciation, which takes in all the fruit and
vegetable venders, met last night at 304
East 101st street and decided to send a
committee of their own to the Commis-
sioner. They, as well as the old clothes
merchants, said that business has fallen
off at least 50 per cent, since the anti-noise
order was put into effect.

FRIENDS' ANNUAL MEETING

New York Evening Poet

"If it does not seem like hurrying our
business," said the derk of the meeting,
"we will now hear read the letter from the
Philadelphia Meeting." And the soft still-
ness of the Yearly Meeting in the old
Friends' Meeting House on Fifteenth
Street, softened into even greater stillness
and quiet, to listen. The voice of the clerk,
his grave, slow courtesy, and his wish for no
unseemly haste, were in perfect blending
with the old, buff room lighted only through

X24

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

the great, squaie-paned windows below and
above the ^Jlery, through which the green
of the old trees in the yard oould be seen, in
perfect harmony with the gentle, kindly,
gracious spirit of the people gathered there,
for communion with one another.

" Let us miss no opportunity of express-
ing the love we feel one for another, one
for another,'' said one of the eight women
who sat on the facing seats, an old lady
with silvery hair und^ her black bonnet.
The words, ''one for another" might have
been the text of the morning, not alone of
the woman who first spoke t^em, but of all
the words which were said.

Another woman spoke. She was an Eng-
lish woman who, with her husband, rep-
resented the London Meeting. ''Why do
we not have a crusade for love? '' she asked.
"War goes on, and we do nothing about it.
If this love which we have in our hearts
could be irradiated about the world, war
could not be possible. Thoughts of love, if
sent out by us steadily and consistently,
must reach to the ends of the earth, as the
ripples which a stone makes in a pool.''

But the war was little touched upon.
That, with almost all of the more impor-
tant business of the meeting, will be taken
up in the later meetings this afternoon, to-
night, Wednesday afternoon, and Tuesday,
Wednesday, and Thursday evenings. This
morning was held apart almost entirely for
the text "One for another."

It could almost have been a country
meeting. The old, square, red-brick build-
ing on 15th Street hears little of the noise
of the city. This morning there was little
sound but the stirring of raindrops on the
panes. And the unhurried, quiet time was
given up to greetings and welcomes, mes-
sages to those who could not come, the
reading of messages from Friends in other
places, and slow emphasis on the kindly
details of their fellowship one for another.

The meeting was opened when the eight
women and the five men had taken their
places on the facing seats and exchanged
their* silent handclasps, with which also
the meeting closes. They were, truly, the
elders of this house, the ones who can re-
member farthest back into the times when

all the women, and not just three or four,
wore dose Quaker bonnets. A tiny woman
in gray rose twice from her facing place to
confirm what had been said. Some one had
greeted the members of the London Meet-
ing and recalled her own warm welcome at
that meeting many years ago. The little
old woman rose swif tiy, and, looking down
at the English people, said, with infinite
dignity and sweetness in her voice, "We
are very glad to have these Friends with
us. I also remember the very cordial wel-
come I received from the London Meeting."
The very slow, quiet words had the sound
of deep ceremony, of the conferring of great
and imf orgettable honor upon these visitors
from another country.

There was a prayer for strength "to
partake of Thy Spirit," a poem read which
said, "Has the Gospel of Peace then failed
us, That such a thing can be?" and many
suggestions concerning appreciations, sym-
pathies, letters, to be sent. Resolutions,
called minutes, were gently put, and a soft
voice would come from somewhere, saying,
"I should approve that," followed by a
chorus of "So should I."

In the Gymnasium are the old books,
the record of the things which the oldest
Friends remember, and of things which
happened so far back in the years that May
was spoken of as Third Month instead of
Fifth. This was in the oldest book of them
all, imbound until recently, with yellowed^
stained, finely written pages, the " Paper of
Advice " sent by George Fox to the Quakers
of Long Mand. It was brought there by
John Bumyeat on the twenty-ninth day
of the then third month, 1671. Records of
all births, deaths, marriages, removals,
are here since 1672, long before other de-
nominations or governments began to keep
such close watch of statistics. For birth-
right membership is the very basis of the
old faith, the heritage which comes down
from father to son through the centuries
and which keeps the bonds so dose that
bind the families and the friends of Friends,
one to another.

Out in the meeting-room, with the sight
of the leaves and a red brick wall outside
the high windows, there is little to make

INVESTIGATIONS, LEGISLATION, AND MEETINGS 125

one know that the old yellow leaves were
written so very long ago, after all. Per-
haps in those old days t^ere were no white
and purple lilacs in the front of the room
to nod and drowse and sweeten through the
long hours. Perhaps then there was not so
much true kindliness as has come with the
years of Friendliness. To-day, when one of

the oldest women rises from her place to
speak, an old man says gently, ''Eliza-
beth, thee need not rise to speak unless thee
prefer." He might not have done that in
the old days, but surely her answer would
have been the same, ** Thank thee, Charles,
but I prefer to stand when I speak," with
just a hint of reproof in her tone.

CHAPTER Vn

BPESCHESy INTERyiEWSy AND BEPORTS

Type of stoiy. Speeches, lectures, addresses, and sermons may be con-
sidered in the same class with interviews and reports, because all are alike
in being some form of utterance. Hence news stories of them consist largely
of reproductions of the words and ideas of some person. A speech and a
report differ only in the fact that one is spoken and the other is written.
An interview, likewise, may be regarded as an informal address delivered
to an audience of one. When an interview is given in question and answer
form, it resembles cross-examination in a court story more than it does a
speech.

As reproductions of utterances, news stories of speeches and reports must
be largely informative. Except for an occassional opportimity to describe
the speaker or the audience, they offer practically no field for hiunan interest
development. In interviews, on the other hand, it is possible to bring out
the human interest element in portraying the character and personality of
the person interviewed (cf. "Interview," p. 135). Otherwise interviews, like
speeches and reports, are largely informative (cf. "Interview with Official,"
p. 133).

Purpose. To reproduce as accurately as possible the ideas expressed by a
speaker, by a person interviewed, or by the author of a report is obviously
the only object in writing a news story dealing with such material. Four
common faults that endanger the accuracy of news stories of this type are
carelessness in taking down what is said, the playing up of statements that
taken from their context are misleading, unintentional distortion due to
giving disproportionate space or emphasis to some points, and misrepresenta-
tion because of political partisanship or other bias. All quotation, direct or
indirect, should be accurate not only in substance and form but also in
spirit. A statement taken verbatim from a speech, interview, or report, may
be played up in the lead in such a way that it does not give the actual thought
or purpose of the original. By confining his news story to only one or two
phases of the subject discussed, a writer often gives an erroneous impression
of the whole speech. Distortion and suppression of speeches, interviews, or
reports because of political or other bias is indefensible.

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

X27

Treatment. Since news stories of this class must consist largely of direct
and indirect quotation from an utterance, the problem of presenting news
of this kind is usually that of condensing, summarizing, and combining dif-
ferent parts of the available material into a unified, coherent whole. This
requires effort and skill.

In writing up interviews and speeches the reporter has a chance to por-
tray clearly and attractively the speaker and the circumstances, thus stimu-
lating the reader's interest in the utterance (cf. "Interview," p. 136). As
the purpose of an interview is to present the ideas of the person interviewed,
the reporter's questions, which are a necessary means of obtaining an ex-
pression of these ideas, are suppressed in many stories. In other stories, the
questions are embodied in the answers or are repeated by the person inter-
viewed. There is a growing tendency, particularly in signed stories of inter-
views, to give the reporter's questions.

SPEECH

Kansas City Star

Switserland is a haven of peace in a
weary waste of war. Why? Charles H.
Grasty answered that question Wednes-
day in his address before the City Club.
It is because Switzerland, a valorous David,
inspires respect from the Goliaths that
surround the little republic. And Switzer-
land has said that it would defend its neu-
trality with all itfi strength.

Switzerland is the best equipped for
fighting — size considered — of all the na-
tions. Every man from 20 to 48 is a trained
soldier. Those who are unable physicaUy
to qualify are formed into trade and pro-
fessional groups and are available for sup-
plementing the work of the army.

The system is compulsory, but it is also
a voluntary system, since it was installed
by the direct vote. The people of Switzer-
limd decided that they were free citizens
of a free republic, and that it was their
duty to keep it a free coimtry. Every man
is more than willing to do his bit, and the
service is held in such high respect that
bankrupts and criminals are denied the
privilege of taking part in the national
defense. Instead, they are required to pay
a special tax in li^u of service.

It is surprising how little time each man
is required to contribute to the army. He
enlists at 20, and that year he spends from
sixty to ninety da3n3 in training, according
to liie branch of the service to which he is
attached.

From then on he spends two weeks a
year, for a period of years, in brueMng up
the military knowledge he gained and in
acquiring new training. That is all. There
is no rigid system that compels him to
give up from two to five of his most fruit-
ful years to service with the colors. It's
a free man's system, conducted by free
men.

The system begins in the public schools,
where every boy is compelled to take ath-
letic training. Several hours a week are
spent teaching the youngsters military sub-
jects, so that when the boy reaches his
twentieth year he is a piece of fine timber.
His body is strong, and he has some knowl-
edge of what discipline means. Every boy
gets the preliminary training, even in the
private sdiools.

At 20 he enlists in the "elite" or first
line. For two or three months he receives
intensive training. They make real work of
it while it lasts, but they are over with it
quickly.

The HK^ments of military life are drilled

128

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

into the new recruits without any waste of
time or money.

Soldiers and corporals, after the first
year, go back every year for two weeks'
training until they are 27 years old, and
then they are through, except for a final
training trip when they enter the second
line division, which begins at the age of 33.
Noncommissioned officers and subalterns
go back every year during their first line
service, and once every four years in the
second line service, which lasts imtil the
age of 41. From 41 to 48 years is the age
division for the third line.

Officers are not appointed through civil
authorities but are selected for merit and
by examination after they have completed
the special courses offered by the govern-
ment for those who desire commissions.
The officers give more time to their studies
than the privates, and they assemble quite
often for war games and tactical discus-
sions.

That is all there is to the system. There
is no standing army, no military class, no
terrible burdens of taxation. There is a
general staff, a few officers to look after the
details of recruiting and a number of in-
structors — less than two thousand men in
all who are connected permanently with
the army.

Yet in 1912 a fighting force of 490,430
men was available out of a total popula-
tion of 4 million. The expense of the whole
system that year was $8,229,941, or $16.77
a man.

In the United States in 1913 94 million
dollars was spent on the army — ^ten times
and more above what Switzerland spent
— and all it paid for was a scant ninety
thousand fighting men. An army less tlum
one-fifth as large as Switzerland's cost more
than ten times as much.

As an economic proposition it would ap-
pear that compulsory service was a better
bargain in defense than the American sys-
tem as it exists today.

The strong point of the Swiss system is
that it renders every man available for
defense without imposing a burdensome
tax on the coimtry. The Swiss citizen be-
comes an actual, tangible part of his coun-

try. He takes pride in the citizen army, and
in many eases the government fosters semi-
official societies that aim to give additional
training to those who care for it.

The beautiful thing about the Swiss
plan is that it works. Surrounded by
thundering cannon, Switzerland is at
peace. .

NoTB — FoUowino the lead given below vhu
a verbatitn report of the speech.

SPEECH

New York Times

Strict neutrality, extreme caution in the
publication of unconfirmed news, and
''America first" were the keynotes of a
speech by President Wilson that aroused
great enthusiasm among newspaper editors
and publishers from all parts of the country
at the luncheon of The Associated Press at
the Waldorf-Astoria yesterday.

Each telling point the President made in
his speech, every word of which he seemed
to weigh before uttering, was applauded
by the audience of more than 300 at the
tables and by a gallery of about 100 men
and women.

The importance attached to his clear
statement of the neutrality policy of his
Administration was reflected in a request
made by Melville E. Stone, Secretary and
General Manager of The Associated Press,
just before the Chief Magistrate was in-
troduced, that all newspaper reports of the
President's speech be based on the ver-
batim copy to be taken by a stenographer
and supplied to aU of the newspapers and
news-gathering associations represented.

Frank B. Noyes of The Washington
Star, President of The Associated Press,
praised President Wilson's masterful main-
taining of true neutrality, and said that the
President had borne his great responsi-
bility nobly. The applause that the lauda-
tory remarks received would have done
justice to a Democratic Nominating Con-
vention. All arose and drank a toast to the
President, and arose again when the or-
ohestia struck up "The Star-Spangled

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

139

Banner,'' and again when the President
stood up to speak.

In introducing President Wilson, the
guest of honor, Mr. Noyes made brief
reference to the scope of The Associated
Press, saying he believed that, in scope and
importance, it was ''the greatest co-opera-
tive non-profit making organization in the
world." Its function, he said, was to fur-
nish its members a service of world news
untainted and without bias of any sort.

''To insure this," he said, "we have
formed an organisation that is owned and
controlled by its members, and by them
alone; one that is our servant and not our
master. So we are here today, Democrats
and Republicans; Protestants, Catholics,
and Jews; Conservatives and Radicals,
Wets and Drys; differing on every subject
on which men differ, but all at one in de-
manding that, so far as is humanly possible,
no trace of partisanship and no hint of prop-
aganda shall be found in our news reports.

"Because of its traditions and its code,
and perhaps also because of the never
ceasing watchfulness of 900 members, it
has come to pass that few pepple on earth
are capable of giving the management of
The Associated Press any points on main-
taining a strict, though benevolent, neu-
trality on all questions on which we can
be neutral and still be what we are —
loyal Americans. We know, too — none
better — ^that the genuine neutral, the
honest neutral, is always the target of
every partisan, and we find some solace
in the fact that this is now being demon-
strated to the world at large.

"Today, however, we willingly lower
our crest to one who has demonstrated in
these agonizing times his mastership of
the principles of true neutrality, and who,
fully realizing the dreadful consequences of
any departure from these principles, has
nobly borne his terrible burden of respons-
ibility in guarding the peace, the welfare,
and the dignity of our common country.

"Our distinguished guest, who so honors
us today, may surely know that in the per-
plexities and trials of these days, so black
for humanity, he has our thorougih, loyal,
and affectionate support.

tt^

'God grant him success in his high aims
for the peaceful progress of the people of
the United States."

After the toast and cheers and hand-
clapping, the Grand Ballroom became
silent as the President began speaking.

SPEECH

Madison [Wis,] Democrat

WASHINGTON, Dec. 31.— The place
of united pan-America in the situation
which will confront the world at the end of
the European war was pictured to the Pan-
American Scientific Congress today by
Director General John Barrett of the Pan-
American union.

The delegates were electrified by hispredic-
tion of an evolution of the Monroe doctrine
into a pan-American doctrine for a mutual
defense against aggression from overseas.

He defined such a doctrine as meaning
"that the Latin-American republics, in the
event that the United States were attacked
by a foreign foe, would, with all their phys-
ical and moral force, stand for the protec-
tion and sovereignty of the United States
just as quickly as the United States under
corresponding cirpumstances would stand
for their integrity and sovereignty."

Wherever the pan-American delegates
gathered the director general's declaration
was discussed with the greatest interest and
it was regarded generally as one of the out-
standing events of the congress, pointing
the way to a new pan-American imity.

"Both victor and vanquished in the
European war will be hostile to America
at the close of hostilities," said he. "The
former will say it won in spite of the atti-
tude of the United States and the other
American republics, and the latter will say
it lost because of the attitude of the United
States and its sister republics.

"In the mind of everybody interested in
pan-Americanism is the question, 'What
is going to happen to pan- America when
this war is over?' Immediately there is
the reply: 'The American republics must
stand together for the eventualities that
may possibly develop.'

I30

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

''While everyone would deplore any
agitation or suggestion that a European
nation or a group of European nations fol-
lowing this struggle should undertake any
territorial aggrandizement in the western
henusphere, or in any way take action that
would contravene the Monroe doctrine, it
must be borne in mind, and cannot be for
a moment overlooked, that whatever way
this war results there may be little or no
love for the United States and the other
nations which form pan- America.

"No matter, therefore, how just and fair
the nations of America have been in their
efforts to preserve their neutrality and in
no way interfere on either side of this con-
flict, the war passions and the war power of
the peoples and the governments of the
victorious group of nations may force a
policy toward pan-Americanism, toward
the Monroe doctrine, and toward their
relationship with individual countries of
the western hemisphere which will demand
absolute solidarity of action on the part of
the American republics to preserve their
very integrity."

SPEECH BY THE PRESIDENT

Kansas City Star

Indiakapolib, Jan. 8. — ^Half playfully,
half earnestly, President Wilson told three
thousand people at Richmond, Ind., this
afternoon that this nation is heeding what
is "none of your business" — ^Europe's af-
fairs. In place of this, he counseled serious
deliberation on America's business, its fu-
ture and its part in the betterment of
mankind. The nation, he said, must main-
tain its equilibrimn; it must face, too, the
problem of the future now that the ad-
ministration has endeavored to break the
shackles on American business.

The President said; —

"You know I have been confined for a
couple of years at hard labor and am out
on parole for a day or two, but I want to
say this, my fellow citizens, that it is very
genuine pleasure to me to get abroad again
and stir among the people I so dearly love.

"Because the one thing we have to

think about down in Washington is the best
thing to do for you and the thing that you
want us to do for you, and that is a mi^ty
hard thing to find out, particularly when
you are not thinking about your own affairs
and are constantly thinking about what is
none of your business, namely, what is
going on on the other side of the water. I
say that in playfulness, but I mean it half
in earnest.

"It does not do, my friends, to divert our
attention from the affairs of this great
country.

"The duty which this country has to
perform to the rest of the world largely de-
pends upon the way in which it performs
its duty to itself.

"I have always thou^t with regard to
individuals that if a man was true to him-
self, he would then be true to other persons;
and I believe that that applies to a great
country like ours, that a nation that is
habitually true to its own exalted principles
of action will know how to serve the rest of
mankind when the opportunity offers. That
is a very deep philosophy of life which it is
very thoroughly worth while living up to.

"We have been trying at Washington
to remove some of the shisickles that have
been put upon American business; but
after you have removed the shackles you
must determine what you are going to do
with your liberty. And there are many
tasks to perform for mankind. Th^ie are
many things to be bettered in this world
which we must set ourselves to make bet-
ter. So what I want to say to you now is
merely this:

"Let us seek sober, common counsel
about our own affairs, and then when the
time comes, when we can act upon a larger
field, there will be no mistake as to what
America will do for the peace of the world,
having found her own peace and having
estab^ed justice in her own mind."

ADDRESS

Chicago Tribune

For many years Glencoe boasted a won-
derful spring of pure water gushing from

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

131

a bluff and running in crsnstalline beauty
down to the lake. The spring wa? con-
stant even in the dryest seasons. It always
ran a generous, spirited stream, clear and
oold. Then along caine the village man-
ager, a new official in the new order of
things — H. H. Sherer, appointed to put
the affairs of the suburb on a business
basis.

In a curious moment Mr. Sherer shut
off the water in the mains. Then he went
back to the ''spring" and awaited results.
In forty minutes the perpetual spring
ceased to flow.

Glencoe had been paying 7 cents a thou-
sand gallons to pmnp the water that ran
off into the lake m'ght and day the year
around.

The story of the spring was a part of
Mr. Sherer's address last night before the
Wihnette Civic association. He explained
the work of village management as a busi-
ness enterprise and told of important sav-
ings

LECTURE

New York Herald

*'I don't believe in the public cooking of
milk, or in the public cooking of anything
else to be used in the home," said Dr.
Thomas Darlington, formerly Commis-
sioner of Health in this city, during an il-
lustrated lecture last night at the head-
quarters of the Agora, a civic association
which is a branch of the John F. Curry
Association, at No. 413 West Fifty-
seventh street.

Unsanitary conditions under which milk
was detected being brought into this city
during his administration of the Health
Department were described and shown in
detiul by Dr. Darlington, as well as the
conditions under which the milk is pas-
teurized in up-State and local dairies.

"Pasteurization may be good, but per-
sonally I do not believe in it," he said.
''The object of pasteurization is the de-
struction of bacteria which it may contun
by a process of heating the milk to from
140 to 160 degrees. It Is not a process of

boiling, but merely of bringing the milk to
a percentage of heat at which the bacteria
will be destroyed.

*' In my opinion the home and not a pub-
lic place is for the cooking of food products
which are to be used in the home. It can
and should be done just as well there as in
any other place."

An absolutely perfect milk supply is im-
possible in this city, according to Dr. Darl-
ington, at a retail price of less than twenty
cents a quart. To add to this the cost of
pasteurization, he said, would raise the
price still higher.

He pointed out that the excessive cost
of production under conditions that would
result in absolutely pure milk would make
the retail price almost prohibitive.

LECTURE

St. LouU Qlobe-Democrat

WASHINGTON, February 6.— Telling
of times when dog meat — and the meat of
starved-to-death dogs at that — tasted
better than any porterhouse steak he had
ever eaten; picturing a region where the
average velocity of the wind is fifty miles,
where a bunting flag goes to ebieda in a
few minutes, a flag of stoutest canvas is
threshed to pieces in an hour, and a flag of
tin is battered out of shape in the first gale,
so that sheet iron is the material that must
be used; describing sea elephants that weigh
sometimes as much as four tons each and
measure 25 feet in length, Sir Douglas
Mawson has presented before the National
Geographic Society one of the most re-
markable stories of polar exploration that
has ever come from those regions.

In his account of his researches along the
great Antarctic continent discovered by
Rear Admiral Charles Wilkes — ^the same
Admiral Wilkes who figured in the historic
Trent affair, in which he, during the Ameri-
can civil war, held up the British packet
Trent, and removed from her, Mason and
Slidell — Sir Douglas paid tribute to the
explorer and his work.

Mawson and his party undertook the
work under the patronage of the Australian

i3«

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Government. The steamer Aurora, form-
erly plying in American waters, was the
ship that carried them away. A midway
base with a wireless relay station through
which the party could keep in touch with
civilization, was established at M acquarie
Island, which was on the old sailing ship
route between Australia and Cape Horn
and whose beaches are lined with the
wrecks of many a ship. The main base was
established at Cape Dennison, on the Ant-
arctic continent, and a second base several
hundred miles further east.
> Pictures were brought back by Sir
Douglas showing the nesting places of a
number of birds of passage who go to the
Polar continent to nest and whose eggs have
never been seen before. The birds and sea
elephants were absolute strangers to fear,
and would inspect the camera man with as
much seeming interest as the camera man
inspected them.

The character of the winds that blow
on the edge of the Antarctic Continent
was graphically shown by the fact that the
men hitd to lean out upon it, at an angle
of p^haps forty-five degrees, to walk in
the ordinary wind, while no camera could
record anything but a blank when the
blizzard was at its height.

The hut which was the headquarters of
the party had one window, which was in
the roof. The breath of the men and the
steam of the kitchen caused this to become
frosted over to the thickness of 5 inches.
Men going out to take the records of the
dimatological instruments had to break
the ice that froze before their faces, from
one side of their hoods to the other, and
pictures showing how their faces were
covered with great patches of frost bite,
told an eloquent story of suffering.

But the scene was not all somber. The
cellar was a natural refrigerator, and con-
sisted simply of the space imder the floor
of the hut. When the cook wanted a piece
of meat he would send a dog down to get
a penguin or a leg of mutton, and would
take it away from him as he came out. One
day the dog got away with a leg of mutton,
which was rescued only after a chase of two
hours, and then it was so damaged that the

party voted to give it to the dogs, after all.
Reading matter was in great demand. One
of the party read the Encyclopedia Bri-
tannica through to the O's.

Upon one occasion Sir Douglas set out
with Mr. Mertz and Lieut. Ninnis on a
coast charting expedition. After going
about 200 miles Ninnis and his sledge were
lost in a great crevasse. Hours of calling
brought no response, and the smashed-
to-pieces sledge at the bottom told a pain-
ful story of his fate. Thereafter Mawson
and Mertz turned around and started back
to camp. They ate all the dogs, one by
one, as they died by starvation.

Finally there was only one dog left —
Old Ginger. ''Old Ginger was a noble
animal," said Sir Douglas, "and he was
game to the last. But when he died of that
^eer hunger of the Antarctic wilderness of
ice and snow, Mertz and I had to eat his
carcass. We ate the bony parts first, break-
ing every bone so as to get out the marrow.
Raw dog meat may not sound attractive
at a distance, or when one is this far re-
moved from the ultimate hunger in which
the stomach seems to attack its very self,
but there it tasted as good as an3rthing you
ever ate.

"Finally Mertz began to sicken and to
weaken, and in a few days, — January 17
it was, — ^he died. I almost turned canni-
bal, so starved out was my condition, but
with it all I biuied him, and then started
back on the 100-mile journey that lay be-
tween me and safety. Sore of body and sick
of mind, it was more by crawling than by
walking that I was able to get back to camp
only to see the Aurora disappearing over
the horizon. It left provisions for me, how-
ever, and six men to search for me. Noth-
ing but Providence saved me from the fate
of Mertz and Ninnis."

Sir Douglas showed pictures of beds of
coal that tell of a time when tropic sum-
mer once reigned in this great home of the
blizzards, and others revealing great ice
cliffs with the stratified snows of a himdred
winters upon them, each stratum standing
out as clearly as though it were of sedimen-
tary rock.

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

»33

INTERVIEW WITH OFFICIAL

Indianapolia News

WASHINGTON, October 28.— That the
United States, in a business and financial
sense, can now view the war in Europe
without serious apprehensions is the opin-
ion of George E. Roberts, director of the
mint, one of the keenest economists in the
government service. Mr. Roberts talked
about the situation today and made it
plain that despite many disadvantages he
sees no danger to this country.

"The situation with respect to cotton,"
said Mr. Roberts, " is the chief drawback.
With the market for cotton limited and
prices low, the south suffers seriously and
the effect is felt on the entire country. The
effects of the cotton situation, on the other
hand, are to a considerable extent counter-
acted by the fact that in the north good
prices are conmianded by wheat, com, live
stock and other products of the northern
farms.

"This country may expect to be fairly
prosperous during the period of the war in
Europe. Capital will be dear and this will
tend to prevent the starting of new en-
terprises. We can not have really good
times unless money can readily be obtained
for new enterprises.

"I do not expect to see money available
for the building of railroad improvements
and extension and new lines. I do not ex-
pect to see new business enterprises to any
considerable extent started while the war
lasts. I expect to see business in many lines
already established run along about as usual.
In certain directions it will be improved.

"The European countries, which are now
at war, will go on putting out one issue of
seciuities after another. It is a question
how much of that they can float without
compelling holders of American securities
abroad to dispose of our securities. On the
whole, I should expect most of the ready
capital in this coimtry, which under the
conditions would be hunting for invest-
ments in new enterprises, to be absorbed
for some time to come in taking up Amer-
ican securities parted with by foreign
holders."

Mr. Roberts doubts whether the stock
exchanges will soon reopen. He says one
strong influence against it is the banks
which have made loans on the basis of
securities. They do not want, on the one
hand, to call in their loans, and, on the
other hand, they do not want to incur any
danger of seeing stocks and securities they
hold as collateral quoted at low figures.
He thinks it will be a considerable time
before the exchanges are reopened. He
pointed out that it would be impossible
long to dam up trafilc in securities.

"Already they have in New York the
'gutter market,'" said Mr. Roberts. "I
am ioformed that the volume of business
done in this way is considerable, and it will
grow. You can not stop for any length of
time the business of exchange. If the ex-
changes are closed the buyer and seller will
find some other method of coming to-
gether."

Due in part to the fact that the new
federal reserve system will release a large
volume of reserve money, and in part to
the fact that the bankers and the country
generally have recovered from the first
shock of the war and now confront it with-
out fear, Mr. Roberts thinks the banks will
have plenty of money to lend. He looks
for little disposition to lend money on new
enterprises; but, on the other hand, he be-
lieves there will be plenty of money to
advance to meet the needs of ordinary
business and to extend the loans of the
average borrower.

As for the settlement of American in-
debtedness' to Eiurope, concerning which
there has been much discussion of the
shipment of American gold abroad, Mr.
Roberts thinks this problem will be ad-
justed. He pointed out that it would be
partly adjusted by the growing volimie of
sales to Europe. It will be partly adjusted
by the individuals who owe the debt, and
who obtain extension. In one way and
another the volume of the debt will be
whittled down so that, according to Mr.
Roberts, this problem is not at all insur-
mountable. As for the cotton situation,
he hopes to see this worked out by the
pool.

134

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

INTERVIEW WITH EDUCATOR

Indianapoli8 Neum

Exemplification. Two short breaths
and a stutter and then as follows: e-x,
ex; e-m, em, exem; p-l-i, pli, exempli; f-i,
fi, exemplifi; o-a, ca, exemplifica; t-i-o-n,
shun, exemplification; there's your ex-
emplification.

''Correct, Johnnie," and the school-
master, with a spelling-book in one hand
and a lamp in the other, sends Johnnie to
the head of the line and walks on through
the dimly lighted country school building,
pronoimcing ''jaw breakers," teaching the
youth to tread the flowery paths of knowl-
edge, and in all ways carrying out the plans
of a good old-fashioned country speUing
match.

Many men and women now well ad-
vanced in years learned to be good spellers
largely by means of spelling matches sup-
plemented by special spelling exercises on
Friday afternoons. But Fassett A. Cotton,
State Superintendent of Public Instruc-
tion, has some new ideas in regard to the
best methods of teaching spelling, and this
subject received considerable attention in
the course of study which Mr. Cotton is
now preparing, and which is to be used in the
8chooIs!of the State during the coming year.

"Spelling," says Mr. Cotton, "can not
be taught incidentally. It must have the
systematic attention of the teacher as a
separate subject and his constant care in
all written work. While oral spelling is a
helpful aid in fixing forms, it is generally
conceded that written spelling must re-
ceive the larger stress. The eye rather than
the ear must be trained. Indeed, correct
spelling must be made an eye and muscle
habit. Constant drill in writing ccnrrect
forms of a word serves to build it into one's
very phsrsical make-up.

"There are certain laws, a knowledge of
which is valuable in teaching spelling. The
work should be inductive; that is, words
spelled according to these laws should be
presented in groups and the children led to
construct the laws. There is a certain
economy in learning the laws, because
through them a group of words may be

learned as easily as a single word. The fact
that there are exceptions to the laws by no
means destro3n3 the claim for economy.
There are two sides, then, to the spelling
process, the mechanical and the rational,
and the teacher must keep them both in
mind. They go together. Both are essen-
tial. The return to the use of a spelling
book indicates a belief in the need of more
systematic work in oral and written spell-

In regard to the subject matter of spell-
ing; Mr. Cotton believes that here, as in
other subjects, the dominant conmiunity
interest should be taken into considera-
tion. Each community, Mr. Cotton points
out, has its own vocabulary. The assign*
ment in spelling, he says, should be worked
out as carefully as the assignment in any
other subject, and, as in every other sub-
ject, the home life should dictate the point
of departure.

The assignment may from day to day,
Mr. Cotton suggests, consist of lists of ten
or twenty words covering the ^Qtire range
of life in the community. The teacher may
ask the class to hand in a list of ten words
that are names of kitchen utensils. If there
are five or six in the class, it may be that
twenty or more different words will be
named. Such a device furnishes the fairest
test of the child's ability to spell these
words, because he suggests them to him-
self and is not aided by having them pro-
nounced. The teacher should correct the
lists and hand them back, and then the
twenty different words should be used as a
spelling lesson and made the basis of a per-
manent list. Similar lists may cover other
home departments, industrial depart-
ments, or farm life, and there may be lists
covering the vocabulary of the social, the
civil or governmental, the religious and the
school life of the community.

The assignment may take another form,
Mr. Cotton suggests, and accomplish the
same purpose. The teacher may have it in
mind to teach inductively the meaning of
the word synonym. He gives the following
list of words: farmer, grower, cultivator,
agriculturist and husbandman. He then
has the pupils pronoimoe each word, tell

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

135

the meaning, use one of the words in a
sentence and substitute as many words as
possible for it. Other groups of farm words
may be used in the same way.

While Mr. Cotton concedes that the
teacher must select, in the main, his own
devices for teaching any subject, he offers
the following suggestions for teaching
spelling:

''The words to be taught should be the
words needed in the school vocabulajy and
in life.

"The work should be based as much as
possible upon the laws governing spelling,
and should be done inductively.

"Constant drill is essential, and absolute
accuracy in all written work must be in-
sisted upon.

"It is a good practice to keep a list of
words most conmionly misspelled and point
out and emphasize in some attractive way
the difficulties in spelling these words.

"Word building and word analysis are
excellent devices.

"The use of words in sentences different
from those in which they are found in the
text-book is good practice for the vocabu-
lary of the pupil.

"It is especially important that pupils
should learn to use in sentences of their
own construction the many simple words
which are alike in their pronunciation, but
which differ both in their spelling and in
their use. The teacher will find it advan-
tageous to make the list of homonyms in
the spelling book the basis for language ex-
ercises as well as for spelling lessons.

"The new speller should be in the hands
of each and every pupil. The work is out-
lined by grades in the book. No pupil
should be promoted till he has mastered
all the woids in the grade in which he is
working."

INTERVIEW WITH WOMAN
PHILANTHROPIST

Kanaaa City Star

A little woman, her shoulders laden with
the burden of a great effort to rid the world
of poverty, came to Kansas City this morn-

ing. She is Mrs. Joseph Fels, widow of the
Philadelphia philanthropist and manufac-
turer. With Daniel Eiefer, chairman of
the Fels fund, and Mrs. Eiefer, Mrs. Fels is
touring the principal cities of the United
States in the interests of the idea to which
Joseph Fels devoted his life, the taxation
of land values. The philanthropist died
last February.

Mrs. Fels's eyes kindled when the war
was mentioned to her at the Savoy Hotel
this morning. She was dressed simply in
black, but the soberness of her attire was
eclipsed by the animation of her features
when she was given the opportunity to
plunge into the subject to which she is now
giving her life.

"The war," she cried softly. "It would
n't have come about if Europe had been
listening. 'More land,' the nations say;
'more land,' with a wealth of it within
their own borders owned by great land-
lords. Yet they must fight to extend their
boundary lines.

"Is it possible to think that the good
Lord would make a world in which there
were more people than could be provided
for? It is that idea that keeps us fighting
on to make people realize. Freedom for
each individual to earn his own living; we
ask only for that. Tax the land; take the
taxes off produced necessities; force land-
lords to quit holding empty land for the
profit that comes from other people com-
ing to live aroimd it. Do you know that
Philadelphia has 40,000 empty lots — ^not
on the outskirts but in the city? London
has 50,000 of them. 'Congestion,' — ^we
speak of that, but what congestion would
there be if every man could till the soil, and
if selfishness and greed were not allowed to
appropriate the earnings of others?"

The diminutive figure of Mrs. Fels
seemed to grow as her voice let escape in
its tones something of the passionate con*
viction which she feels in the rightfulness
of the land value taxation propaganda.

"The world has had enough of charity, a
poor patchwork of a poor system of civfli-
sation. We are trying to prevent the need of
charity, tr3ring to spread justice and free-
dom, to free the worker from the landlord's

13^

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

domination and give him opportunity.
For us opportunity is freedom/'

Before the death of Mr. Fels, the phi-
lanthropist spent a good deal of time in
England. Mrs. Fels still resides there half
of the year.

'' England has a king/' she said, ''but
fundamentally the English government is
more democratic than the United States.
We call ourselves a democracy, but in
reality we are a plutocracy. The idea of a
democracy is a fine thing to hold up before
the eyes of the people, but in the present
circumstances it is only to blind them to
real conditions."

Mrs. Fels is of German descent, but her
sympathies and her blame for the war are
with all of the fighting nations.

''I am sorry for all of them," she said,
''but I know that all are implicated. Per-
haps some good will come out of it. If the
people of the warring nations are made so
poor that the nations wiU have to take ex-
treme measures to exist, the great estates
of Europe will be thrown open to intensive
farming and to all the other methods of
adding to productiveness."

Daniel Eiefer, chairman of the Fels
Fund, told some facts that Mrs. Fels ap-
peared too modest to relate.

When Joseph Fels was living he proposed
to match dollar for dollar any f imd that
was raised in the United States to forward
the single tax propaganda. He did the
same thing in fifteen other countries. In
this country in the last five years the Fels
Fund has given more than } million to less
than half that amount raised by others.

Mr. Eaefer explained that Mrs. Fels was
giving herself to carrying on the move-
ment in which her husband had shown so
great an interest.

"Giving myself and all I have and am,"
added Mrs. Fels. This afternoon Mrs. Fels
spoke at Central High School and at
Swope Center. She will speak at the City
Club at 8 o'clock tonight. A reception for
Mrs. Fels by the Council of Clubs will be
held from 3 to 5 o'clock tomorrow after-
noon. Mrs. Fels will speak again at a pub-
lic meeting at the City Club at 8 o'dock
tomorrow night. .-

INTERVIEW WITH OPERA
SINGER

Chicago Daily News

Mme. Tamakai Miura hid behind a bag-
gage truck and pressed her fingers into her
miniature ears. It was her first visit to
Chicago.

"Oool" exclaimed Mme. Miura. "Ooo!"

The Twentieth Century limited was
backing out of the LaSalle Street Station.

"She is the first Japanese grand opera
singer in the world, the first to sing in
America and one of the best sopranos in
the company I" shouted the press agent
above the roar. He led the way to Mme.
Miura. She stood half frightened and half
amused, seeming like a figure that had
escaped from a Japanese print and got lost
in a Meissonier landscape. For Mme.
Miura was still dressed in her native cos-
tume. She might have just wandered off the
stage from a scene in " Madame Butterfly"
in which she is going to sing for the Boston
Opera Company.

She wore a purple robe, with a dull red
and gold girdle. It enveloped her in folds
and a dull pink scarf covered her patent
leather colored hair. American shoes, an
American handbag and American furs
testified to her acquired cosmopolitanism.

"I like come here and sing," said Mme.
Miura, removing her fingers from her
ears. "I been in London and all over the
world. I am only singer in Japan. In
Japan women don' sing so much or do any-
thkig. They have no suffrage an' only
listen to the nightingale and the wind blow
through the cherry tree. But art willliber-
ate the ladies of Japan."

Mme. Miura gkinced coquettishly at
a Japanese man who stood near her.

"What you think?" she inquired of him.

"He is my husband," she explained.

Becoming more accustomed to the bag-
gage truck and the Twentieth Century,
Madame Miura continued:

"When I come to America I all the time
'fraid people don't like me because I hear
about Japanese not being much liked, but
when I come to New York everybody like
me and is most nice to me. And I am sure

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

i37

everybody in Chicago like me. It is so full
of noise, is it not? All America is full of
noise.

''I like most American scenery which
the railroad show me. It is better than
English or German scenery, because in
English scenery all the trees look like doll
trees and in Germany all the trees look like
they have been straightened with mower
of the lawn. In American scenery every-
thing is big and wild and maybe full of
animals, is it not?

''And there is so much. I pass miles and
miles in my ride, more than whole Japan."

Madame Miura's English required the
greatest concentration on her part. She
paused and thought and then resumed.

"Opera is new art in Japan. We have
only very few singers. Because women
have no great chance, but now maybe they
have. I study in London and Berlin. I
have sing before king and queen in Albert
BLall. I sing Irish song, Scotch song, Italian
and French song and En^ish song. Isn't
that nice?"

Note — The foUowino three tdegraph et&riea
ehow three different forma for a group of several
irUerviewa on the eame subjeetf whioh in this
ecue ipoe a decision of the Interstate Commeree
Commission granting ^e railroads the right to
charge higher freight rates. As originally pub-
lished, these stories followed stories from Wash'
ington, D,C, giving the details of the decision.

GROUP OF INTERVIEWS

(1)
MUwavkee Free Press

CHICAGO, Dec. 18.— Wholesale mer-
chants and shippers of Chicago were
elated today at the decision of the inter-
state commerce commission. Here is what
some of them say:

JOHN G. SHEDD, president Marshall
Field & Co.: "E2veryone should rejoice
over the action of the interstate com-
merce commission. I regard this decision
as marking the turning point in the busi-
ness situation, and expect to see hereafter
a marked advance on the road of prosperity
by all lines of American industry."

JULIUS ROSENWALD, president of
Sears-Roebuck & Co.: ''Representing one
of the largest shippers, I am glad to say
that we rejoice in the decision. I believe
it will have a far-reaching effect. It will
help the whole United States and stimu-
late business all over the land."

JOHN V. FARWELL, president of the
John V. Farwell Co.: "I am glad the ap-
plication of the railroads for an increase
in freight rates has been granted, as I be-
lieve tHe decision will be an essential factor
in stimulating and encouraging all branches
of business in all parts of the United
States." -

(2)
Chicago Tribune

New York, Dec. 18.— Howard Elliott,
president of the New York, New Haven,
and Hartford Railroad company, and
chairman of the board of directors, com-
menting on the decision of the interstate
commerce commission, said:

"Careful calculations indicate that the
increase in the gross freight earnings of the
New Haven road, because of the decision
of the commerce commission, will be less
than $250,000 per year, and probably not
much in excess of $200,000 a year on the
present volimie of business. So far this
fiscal year, the freight earnings of the com-
pany have decreased $1,399,000.

"We are gratified to have the commis-
sion recognise the necessity of increasing
freight rates and we are glad to have even
this modest increase."

A. H. Smith, president of the New York
Central lines, made the following state-
ment:

"As neariy as I can learn from prdim-
inary reports, the commerce conmiission
has granted an increase on perhaps a little
more than one-half of the tonnage, but to
the extent that the increase has been
granted it will help the railroad situation.
It should also promote general public con-
fidence for the future.

"The commission has recognized not
only the needs of the railroads but the
effect upon the railroads of the present

138

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

peculiar conditions. The increase granted
will not solve the transportation problems
of the day, but we are thankful for the
help given and will endeavor to make the
best possible use of it.''

(3)
Chicago Tribune

Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 18.— "The grant-
ing of the 5 per cent freight increase will
have absolutely no effect upon the pas-
senger increases," declared George W.
Boyd, general passenger traffic manager of
the Pennsylvania Railroad company. "We
want to establish the two departments of
our road on an independent basis, and to
do this we need the passenger increase as
much as the freight increase."

''I am glad for any decision that would
bring prosperity to the people of Pennsyl-
vania," was the only comment of Gov.-
elect Martin G. Brumbaugh.

The commission will aid in smoothing
the way to prosperity, in the opinion of
Alba Johnson, president of the Baldwin
Locomotive works.

OFFICIAL REPORT

Boston Transcript

Twenty-five States are represented in a
crusade which the lawmakers and school
authorities of the country are waging
against the high school fraternity, accord-
ing to a report which has just been issued
by the United States Bureau of Education.
Of these, thirteen States have passed legis-
lative enactments hostile to the secret
orders, while the school boards of impor-
tant cities in the other twelve States have
adopted like measures within their own
jurisdiction.

All States having laws on the subject
provide a penalty of suspension or expul-
sion from school for all those who join these
orders. The most drastic laws were passed
by Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska, whose
legislatures made it a misdemeanor for
anyone even to solicit members to these
organizations. Michigan and Ohio made

it a misdemeanor for a school officer to fail
or refuse to carry out the anti-high school
fraternity law. Other States which pro-
hibit these orders are California, Indiana,
Kansas, Mississippi, Oregon, and Vermont.
Massachusetts empowers the Boston School
Committee to deal with the secret-society
problem in its own way, while Washington
gives the same latitude to the school boards
of its larger cities.

The more important cities whose school
boards have passed regulations restricting
or forbidding high school fraternities, are
Denver, Meriden, Chicago, Covington,
New Orleans, Lowell, Waltham, Worcester,
Kansas City, Mo., St. Joseph, Butte,
Oklahoma City, Reading, Salt Lake City,
Madison, Milwaukee, Racine and Superior.
The commonest penalties are suspension,
expulsion, or debarment from athletic or
other teams of the school.

The United States Bureau of Educa-
tion's report also cites some of the more
important court decisions, every one of
which upholds th^ school authorities in
dealing rigorously with the high sdhool
fraternity, on the ground that the measures
80 taken are authorized as a part of the
school board's discretionary powers. Most
courts cited, however, will not allow the
offending pupils to be barred from class-
room exercises, although they can be barred
from participating in all athletic or other
contests.

REPORT OF SCIENTIST

New York Evening Post

London, August 1. — ^Boiling over a
slow fire is the happiest death a lobster can
meet; so it has been determined at the
Jersey Marine Biological Station. The ex-
periments were carried out by Joseph Si-
nel, a well-known biologist, for the Jersey
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals, whose members associated the
prevalent method of killing lobsters with
medisval torture.

Lobsters, says Mr. Sinel, are extremely
difficult to kill. Piercing the brain does
not seem to cause the lobster more than

SPEECHES, INTERVIEWS, AND REPORTS

139

temporary annoyance, since his brain is
a mere nerve ganglion the si^e of a hemp-
seed. He has to be killed all over. To
throw him into boiling water fails to do
the work either mercifully or quickly,
since he struggles violently to escape for
about two minutes.

The pleasantest way to end a lobster's
troubles, Mr. Sinel finds, is the old-fash-
ioned way of placing him in cold water and
bringing him to a boil. As the water warms,
he becomes merely lazy and rolls over as
for a sleep. By the time the water reaches
the comparatively mild temperature of 70
degrees, Fahrenheit, he becomes comatose.
At 80 degrees, he is dead. To use a hu-
man illustration, the biologist says it is like
a person succumbing to a heat wave, with
loss of consciousness and a painless end.

REPORT OF FEDERAL OFFICIAL

San Francisco Chronicle

WASHINGTON, January 15.—Asiatic
immigration, the "Hindoo propaganda,"
and particularly immigration to Conti-
nental United States from Hawaii and the
Philippines, are discussed at length in the
annual report of Anthony Caminetti, Com-
missioner-General of Immigration, made
public here today.

" I believe it is quite generally conceded
that immigration from the Far East is de-
trimental to the welfare of the United
States,'' sa3rs the report, "not because it
has heretofore been so extensive in num-
bers, but because of its peculiar effect upon
the economic conditions and the possibili-
ties of an almost imlimited increase in vol-
ume if left unregulated and imchecked.
Our Oriental immigration problem, arising
more than a quarter of a century ago, has
never been satisfactorily solved; the ex-
clusion laws need many amendments, not
in purpose but in prescribed method.

"The Hindoo propaganda, as yet in its
infancy, is calculated to give much trouble
unless promptly met with measures based
upon, and modeled to take advantage of our
past experience in trying to arrange prac-
ticable and thorough, but at the same time

unobjectionable, plans for the protection of
the country against an influx of aliens who
can not be readily and healthfully assimi-
lated by our body politic."

Of immigration by way of the insular
possessions the Commissioner says: "It
will be observed that 15,512 aliens came to
continental from insular United States dur-
ing the last seven years — 10,948 from
Hawaii, 3,950 from Porto Rico and 614 from
the Philippines — and that of these, 10,740
landed at San Francisco, 3,910 at New
York and 631 at Seattle.

''Aliens coming from Porto Rico have
been handled with a fair degree of success, 1
but those coming from Hawaii and the
Philippines have given the service a great
deal of trouble, the former with regard to
the admission of aliens to the territory and
their subsequent migration to the conti-
nent, and the latter with respect to the
coming of aliens to the mainland from
the Philippines only, the immigration serv-
ice having nothing to do with respect to
the admission of aliens to these posses-
sions.

"It has been regarded as desirable to
encourage the settlement in Hawaii of
European aliens, and correspondingly to
discourage the settlement there of aliens
from the Orient, the idea being that the
former does, and the latter does not, tend
toward the 'Americanization' of the terri-
tory, which already has a large Asiatic
population. Failiure to retain the immi-
grants secured through the exercise by the
Federal Government of a very liberal
policy, is believed to be due to the fact that
the conditions of work and labor are un-
satisfactory and the standard of wages too
low."

Of the flow of immigration the Conunis-
sioner says:

" Lnmigration, judged from the results
of the year, has apparently reached the
million mark, and unless some affirmative
action is taken by the Federal Government
to restrict it, or steps are taken by Eu-
ropean and other nations to reduce the
steady stream of persons leaving the vari-
ous coimtries of the Old World, we need
hardly expect that the number annually

I40

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

entering the United States hereafter will
faU far below 1,000,000."

Immigration to the United States for
the fiscal year aggregated 1,218,480, only
66,869 less than for the year 1907, which
showed the greatest tide of immigration in
history. As 633,805 aliens left the United
States during the year, the net increase
of population throu|^ immigration was
769,276.

Of the alien applicants for admission to
the United States during the year, 33,041
were excluded on various statutory grounds,

the debarments being 66 per cent greater
than for the previous year.

The suggestion is made tentatively that
some diversion of the inmiigrant fund be
made to protect the immigrants after their
landing in this coimtry, in an effort ''to
relieve industrial centers by securing em-
ployment for the surplus labor found
therein, whether native or foreign, either
on farms or in other rural occupations or in
settling people on lands." Such relief
would be, the report says, of ben^t to all
the people.

CHAPTER VIII

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, AND SPECIAL OCCASIONS

Type of story. News stories in this division may be grouped in two classes :
(1) those of display, such as exhibitions, shows, fairs, and parades, and (2)
those of banquets, holiday celebrations, and other special occasions, such as
college commencements. Although the subject matter covers a wide range,
the method of handling the news is much the same.

Purpose. The aim in these stories is not only to portray attractively the
events and scenes but to bring out the spirit of the occasion. There is gen-
erally a dominant note in all these events, and the effectiveness of the descrip-
tion can be greatly heightened by selecting those details that bring out this
note. The selection and presentation of details from the point of view of
their value as showing the mood of the occasion results in a story of much
greater interest than does the mere recording of the different incidents. Ac-
curacy in news stories of this kind, therefore, is not simply faithfulness to
fact, but truth of sentiment. Untruthfulness lies in adding fictitious details
in an effort to heighten the appeal, and in substituting sentimentaUty for
true sentiment.

Treatment. The chief problem in writing these stories is to select pictur-
esque and significant phases from the large mass of available material, a^d
to reproduce the scenes and incidents with vividness. These events offer
one of the few chances in news writing for pure description. In general the
description is of the so-called dynamic tjrpe, in that all of the details are
selected with the purpose of bringing out one impression rather than of
giving a complete picture.

In descriptions of hoUday celebrations an emotional appeal is possible
because every festival and hoUday has its own particular sentiment. Christ-
mas is distinctly the children's day and is characterized by generosity.
Memorial day is marked by patriotic reverence for dead heroes, Fourth of
July by patriotic jollification, and Thanksgiving day by the idea of feasting.
For banquets and similar occasions in which the spirit of good fellowship is
the dominant note the descriptive method in a lighter vein is particularly
appropriate.

When speeches and toasts are delivered in connection with these events,

142

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

they are treated like other speeches and are fitted into the story as incidents
of the occasion, or, if they are of su£5icient significance, they may be played
up as the feature.

AUTOMOBILE SHOW TO OPEN
New York Timea

The National Automobfle Chamber of
Commerce will open its Fifteenth Annual
National Automobile Show in Grand Cen-
tral Palace next Saturday, Jan. 2. The
Show Committee of the N. A. C. C, which
has the exhibition in charge, consists of Col.
George Pope, H. O. Smith, Wilfred C.
Leland, and S. A. Miles, manager. Instead
of opening at night, the doors will be un-
locked at 2 P. M. Displays of goods con-
servatively valued at more than $3,500,000
will occupy the 150,000 square feet of floor
space on four floors of the building. About
50,000 more square feet of floor space is
a^Jlable this year than in previous sea-
sons.

There is a total of 338 exhibits. Gasoline
pleasure cars will be shown by eighty-one
manufacturers; six companies will show
electric cars, and thirteen will display mo-
tor cycles. The remaining 238 exhibitors
are makers of accessories. More than 400
complete cars will be shown. These will be
found to range in price from $2d5 to $7,500.
No commercial cars will be exhibited, but
there will be a special information bureau
for commercial vehicle manufacturers.

In order to make a beautiful setting for
the cars and show them to advantage, the
interior of the palace has been converted
into a Persian palace. The decoration
color scheme is white, gold, and crimson.
The lobby of the building will be decorated
to resemble a California garden.

Following the custom of former 3^ear8,
Wednesday, Jan. 6, has been set aside as
Society Day, upon which double admission
win be charged. There will also be a The-
atrical Day, Monday, Jan. 4, upon which
representative players will be guests of the
management. The eiq[X)sition will remain
open for one week, until Jan. 9. On the

first day the doors will open at 2 P. M., and
on other days at 10 A. M., with the excep-
tion of Sunday, when the building will re-
main dosed.

POULTRY SHOW

New York Evening Post

The twentieth annual exhibition of the
New York Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock
Association was opened several hours before
daybreak this morning with appropriate
barnyard pomp and ceremony. Gtoeofthe
6,500 fowl assembled in Madison Square
Garden, with bold disregard for the con-
ventions of city life, stsurted things at 3
A. M., and in an instant the whole family
was flapping its wings and crowing sociably
one to another.

Even though it was only the light from
an arc lamp outside, which the birds mis-
took for the rising sun, they resolved to
make the best of it, and at noon aD the
inmates were in excellent voice.

The great arena, filled row upon row
with every variety of domestic fowl, re-
sounded with echoes*of the farm.

It was one long, continuous cock-a-
doodle-doo, that gave the impression that
all the barnyards of the world had suddenly
been combined in one.

A flock of white Wyandottes, looking
very pompous, supplied the baritone parts
of Uie medley, while occasionally a peevish
falsetto cackle could be discerned issuing
from the bantam household. Melodious
squawks from several turkey gobblers, who
had escaped the axe this season, added to the
hoarse cackle of numerous ducks, helped
to fill in the gaps.

One change was noticeable to-day in the
absence of Canadian-bred birds. Informer
3rears, fowl from across the border have
been among the most interesting in the

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 143

exhibit, affording a basis for comparison of
the poultry of the two countries.

But, owing to the strict quarantine reg-
ulations now in force, officers of the New
York State Association foimd it impossible
to include this feature in this year's show.
The fact that there are no Canadian en-
tries is accoimtable for the smaller nimi-
ber of exhibits, some six hundred Cana-
dian specimens having been withheld by
the Canadian fanciers. The reason, it
was stated, was the prevalence of disease
among cattle at the present time. The
Canadian inspectors had annoimced that
they would not allow consignments shipped
to the exhibition to reenter the country.

All States north of the Ohio and east of
the Mississippi have sent specimens to
the exhibit, while a number of Southern
and Western States are represented also.

On the main floor the entire space is
devoted to fowl, of every variety, dis-
played in steel cages. The centre of the
arena is occupied by a small tank, used as
a duck pond, and grouped aroimd this are
several large cages, containing specially
rare specimens. The balcony, circling the
enclosure, is devoted to pigeons and pet
stock, including guinea pigs, rabbits, and
white mice.

Along with the poultry display, there is
the usual accompaniment of farmyard de-
vices, brooders, incubators, and patent
feeders, which occupy booths in various
parts of the main floor. John, a fine white
Wyandotte cock from Jersey, was on hand
to-day to do his share in exhibiting a device
for grinding bones. He was hitched to a
miniature mill, in which he had been
trained for months to make the circuit like
a horse. But everything at the Garden was
so different, and so unlike life in the peace-
ful Jersey farm, that the rooster had an
attack of stage-fright and couldn't navi-
gate the turn. He crouched down in the
traces and refused to budge, while the
demonstrator applied persuasion and a
horsewhip to coax him on.

But the trained hens, who were there to
show how a combination "feeder and exer-
ciser" worked, lived up to expectations,
and gave an admirable performance. They

were caged in a shed with a miniature turn-
stile in it, and every time they took a few
steps, the stfle was sure to move, bringing
down upon their heads a shower of com.

AGRICULTURAL FAIR

Boston Herald

SALEM, N. H., Aug. 21— Fair skies,
weather of ideal coolness, the grand circuit
races, a horse show of imusual excellence,
pedigreed cattle and blue-blooded poultry,
fruit and vegetables that made the onlooker
himgry, in fact, all the accessories of half a
dozen county fairs rolled into one — ^not
forgetting the Looney Lane and its leather-
lunged ballyhoo men — ^lured to Rocking-
ham Park today a crowd variously esti-
mated at between 60,000 and 80,000 per-
sons.

Whatever the correct figures of attend-
ance may have been, it is certain that the
grand stands were jammed solid with cheer-
ing hmnanity, that men, women and chil-
dren of all ages and types swarmed like a
colony of ants through the various exhibits,
and that automobiles of every kind known
to the trade were paraded all over the
parking space.

It was a happy, good-natured crowds in
which the millionaire rubbed elbows with
the farm boy, and those who came by trol-
ley had just as much chance for enjoyment
as those who came in the most expensive
touring car. To be sure, the horse is the
star performer at Rockingham fair, but
that is no reason why the other features
(Should be overlooked, and they were not.

This was Governor's day on the program,
but in reality it might better have been de-
scribed as Everybody's day. At least, that
is the way it looked to the visitor. Gov.
Samuel D. Felker of New Hampshire was
on hand, of course, with Mrs. Felker and
members of his staff.

He was received fittingly with the cus-
tomary brass band accompaniment, was
whisked across the track in a miniature
procession of automobiles and escorted to
the grandstand. There he made an ap-
propriate speech, or went through an ani-

144

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

mated i)antoinime, the impressioii differing
with the distance the listener was from him.
At any rate, the crowd judged him by his
good intentions and applauded heartily.
Gov. Foss was imable to be present, but
was well represented by Mrs. Foss and his
two pretty daughters.

''Something doing every minute '^ seems
to have been the motto of the fair manage-
ment, and the motto was well observed.
Apart from the racing, the fair has enough
attractions to keep a visitor busy for a cou-
ple of days at least, and then said visitor
would be better satisfied if he could possess
himself of an extra set of eyes.

Tlie effect of the place is kaleidoscopic, or
rather that of a talking moving picture run
wild. It is a perfect jumble of color and
sound. Bands are playing, husky barkers
are shouting, bulls are bellowing, cows are
lowing, sheep are baaing, hens are cackling,
auto horns are tooting—all off Uie key but
in a pleasant discordance.

And people — as an exhibit of the plain
people and of the varnished people, too, the
place has few rivals. There is the man from
back in the hills, whose bucolic chin whisker
wags in. rapture over some particular breed
of hogs, and there is the landed proprietor,
who is as interested as an amateur in some
particular strain of stock. You see an over-
ailed individual drawling casual orders to a
stolid yoke of oxen, and then, turning again,
you come upon Arthur Waldo in the pink
of sartorial neatness, sizing up a prize sheep.

There is contrast everywhere. If you
are looking for the latest in horsey fashion,
stroll about the grandstand, and if you
want to see what the agriculturist consid-
ers a good all-purpose costume, run down
to the sheds. Young America with his best
girl is much in evidence in the vicinity of
the ice-cream cone and lemonade stand,
and Old America is there, too, just as young
as any of them.

Away over behind the grandstand are
the cattle sheds, where one may fill his eye
with as many different kinds of cows, bulls
and oxen as he ever imagined. There they
are — ^the Jerseys, the Guernseys, the Hol-
steins, the Ayrshires, and whatever other
kinds there be, all beautifully groomed,

with horns polished. Some are decked
with blue ribbons and some idth red, and
some which have no ribbons at all appear
about as good as their rivals. Out in the
field to the rear, quiet men take technical
notice of good points of competitors, and
make the awards without any fuss.

Judges are everywhere. They are busy
with cattle and th^ are busy with hens and
with geese, with hogs — ^there is a whole ex-
hibit of blue ones — ^with fish, with fruit,
with vegetables, with embroidery and with
needlework. By the way, the housewife
should not be overlooked, for the skill
of the woman of the Rebeccas and the
Granges, either with the needle or the oook-
stove, is not to be despised.

There is much to attract the serious-
minded, and for those who are not so seri-
ous there is the Looney Lane. It is a long
lane, a good half mile, if not more. And
there is to be found about every side show
that ingenuity has yet devised.

The streets of this midway are dense, and
the business flourishing. You can try your
luck on a "beautiful, blue-eyed baby-doll,''
or a teddy-bear, on umbrellas, on rings, on
stickpins and a variety of other useful com-
modities. You can visit strange oriental
houris, see the wild girl, or pay your money
for some allurement that is "for men only."
Lady wrestlers, diving girls, freaks without
nimiber, even the "original cigarette fiend"
are all to be viewed "for the trifling and in-
considerable expenditure of one dime." But
what's the use — ^they are all there with
"spielers" to match.

With the exception of the races, probably
the most interesting feature was the horse
show. Yesterday's program was one of un-
usual excellence, and ran through several of
the hiost striking classes of saddle horses
and hunters and jumpers.

The Lawson cup, presented by Thomas
W. Lawson, for gig horses not under 15.1 or
over 15.3 hands, went to Sir James, Alfred
G. Vanderbilt's entry. Glen Riddle's The
Virginian carried off the Copley-Plaza cup
in the Corinthian class, and Mr. Riddle was
again fortunate in capturing the Andrew
Adie cup in the class for hirnt teams of
three each.

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 145

One of the prettiest classes of the after-
noon was that for park four-in-hands with
lady drivers, which was won by Mrs. P. T.
Roche of Leominster, after a skillful exhib-
ition. Another spectacular number was the
tandem race, a one-mile dash on the race
track, which was won by P. T. Roche.

OPENING OF MARKET

NenD York Timei

Crowds of many thousands filled Wash-
ington Market yesterday to celebrate the
formal reopening of the building since it has
been reconstructed and converted into a
model market of glass, marble, porcelain,
enamel, and nickel flooded with light from a
series of large overhead windows.

The ceremonies began with the arrival of
a procession with a band at its head, city
officials in automobiles following and the
forty exempt firemen with their antiquated
engines bringing up the rear. The main
floor and galleries were thronged, and hun-
dreds of persons had to be turned away
while the speechmaking was going on.

Mayor Mitchel said that the reopening
of Washington Market as a modem insti-
tution was only a step in the plan to dot the
city with model markets.

"The new Washington Market," he
said, "is a link in a ch^ of retail markets
which I hope that the city will some time
own and control. Such a system of retail
markets will be a part of a still more com-
prehensive system of food distribution. The
entire plan wUl comprise wholesale terminal
markets which will receive supplies of all
kinds for distribution with the least possible
handling and waste and will have a marked
effect in keeping down the cost of living.

"We want to reduce the cost of bringing
food into the city, and this can be done by
means of better transit facilities with ter-
minal markets to increase the convenience
of the people of this city in buying at retail
in some of the finest and most sanitary
markets in the world. The plans are only
now in the process of formation and I hope
that the people will support the city offi-
cials in bringing them to completion."

George McAneny, President of the
Board of Aldermen, briefly reviewed the
history of the market and of its reconstruc-
tion.

"This building was a disgrace to the city
four years ago," he said. "But the new
buildhig is offered as a promise that this in
time shall be the standard of all markets of
the city. The start toward the reconstruc-
tion of Washington Market was made six
years ago by the money saved through
other economies. We saved nearly $500,-
000 from the $3,000,000 given to us to use
and $43,000 of this saving went toward the
remodeled market."

The history of Washington Market and
a detailed explanation of the great improve-
ments that had been made were given by
Matthew Micolino, President of the Wash-
ington Market Merchants' Association.
Others on the speakers' platform were
Ralph Folks, Commissioner of Public
Works; Simon Steiner, one of the oldest
dealers in Washington Market, and Mrs.
Julian Heath, President of the National
Housewives' League.

Borough President Marcus M. Marks,
Chairman of the Market Conmiittee, who
called up on the long-distance telephone
from San Francisco when he was at the ex-
position to settle some of the details of the
market and to decide on the date of its
opening, told yesterday of the visits paid to
the old market by Edward VII. when he was
Prince of Wales and by Presidents Grant,
Garfield, Arthiur, and Cleveland. He added:

"Presidents bring honor, but residents
bring business. I wish you both — busi-
ness and honor. The 03rsterman, Cornelius
Vanderbilt, was among those who in early
days helped to make the market a success.
In the old building the business had been
carried up to more than $5,000,000 a year,
and I prophesy that your business will run
up to $10,000,000 a year."

Controller Prendergast said that the new
market ought to arouse the people of the
city to the possibilities of having a fine
market system.

"We have been trying to solve the mar-
ket problon through three or four unre-
lated departments," he said, "but nothing

146

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

can be accomplished without central au-
thority. Last Spring we asked the Legisla-
ture for authority to amend our charter to
provide for a Department of Markets, but
it refused. I think this was a great mistake.
We shall make the same application again
this Winter. If the new Constitution goes
through we will ask the Board of Aldermen
to pass a bill creating such a body."

During the week the special exhibits will
occupy places in the galleries. Up in the
gallery is a woman suffrage booth, from
which printed arguments in favor of giving
women the vote were distributed yesterday,
with oral arguments for those who stayed
to listen. In another comer of the gallery
the National Security League had an ex-
hibition of modem small arms and various
charts showing the low rank in military
strength held by this coimtry in comparison
with other powers. The National House-
wives' League had a booth from which
advice on reducing the cost of living was
issued and various patent foods were ad-
vertised.

Today will be given over to an exposition
of the pure food principles for which the
market stands. The speakers will be Alfred
W. McCann, Joseph Hartigan, Commis-
sioner of Weights and Measures; John
Boschen, Sidney H. Goodacre, and Frank
H. Hines. Tomorrow will be suffrage day
and Thursday the day of the National
Housewives' League. Friday and Saturday
will be market days, with reduced prices
on everything.

OPENING OF TUNNEL

Chicago Record-HerM

NEW YORK, Feb. 26, 2 a. m.— Just at
midnight an electric train, jammed to its
capacity with marveling passengers, slipped
out of Uie Nineteenth street station, darted
down beneath the Hudson River and, a
few moments later, pulled into the terminus
at Hoboken, N. J.

This train was the first actual passenger
train to run through the new $60,000,000
tunnel and submarine system which con-
nects New York and New Jersey, and

which had been officially opened at 3:40
o'clock yesterday afternoon, by the pres-
sure of the presidential finger on a gold-
mounted telegraph key on President Roose-
velt's desk at the White House.

At the instant the signal flashed over the
wires from Washington, the power was
thrown into the machinery and the first
. official train of the Hudson and Manhattan
Railroad Company, which constracted the
timnel, started on its way.

Govemor Hughes of New York, Gov-
ernor Fort of New Jersey, city officials
and railroad men of prominence, 800 alto-
gether, were in the official party.

The official train carried eight cars, all
of them filled to overflowing. Millionaires
joined the ranks of the straphangers on this
occasion, E. H. Harriman among the num-
ber, while further down the same car Cor-
nelius Vanderbilt was propped up against
a door jamb.

Under the bed of the river midway
through the tube the train hesitated for a
moment where the boundary line between
New York and New Jersey was marked by
a chain of glittering incandescent lights.
The two governors arose and clasped hands,
and then the trai^ dashed on and climbed
out of the big hole into the Hoboken depot
of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western
Railroad.

There a jollification meeting was held over
the successful accomplishment of a task
which has been repeatedly attempted, but
without results until William McAdoo took
hold. Governors Hughes and Fort were the
chief speakers and there were short ad-
dresses by representatives of the railroads
and of the cities interested. President
Roosevelt sent a personal letter to President
McAdoo, which was read.

The letter follows:

Feb. 17, 1908. My Dear Mr. McAdoo:—
Now that a beginning is to be made in open-
ing for operation the Hudson tunnel system,
I write to express my regret that I cannot be
present in person, and my high appreciation
of what you have accomplished. The tun-
neling of the Hudson River is indeed a notable
achievement — one of those achievements of
which all Americans are, as they should be,
justly proud. The tunnel itself and the great

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 147

buildings constructed in connection there-
with represent a work of extraordinary mag-
nitude, represent extraordinary difficulties
successfully overcome, while diffiiculty and
magnitude are even surpassed by the useful-
ness of the achievement. The whole system
is practically below tidal water, and this
makes it much the greatest subaqueous tun-
nel in the world. It is a bigger undertaking
than any Alpine tiumel which has yet been
oonstructed, and the successful completion
represents the moving of New Jersey bodily
three miles nearer to New York in point of
time and immensely increases the ease of
access from one state to the other. You who
have brought this great achievement to a suc-
cessful conclusion ought to be most heartily
congratulated. It is the kind of business
achievement which is in the highest degree
creditable to the American people, and for
which American people should feel and pub-
licly acknowledge their hearty gratitude.
Sincerely yours,

, THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

After the oratory, the guests were es-
corted through the imposing system of un-
dergroimd terminals at the New Jersey end
of the tube, and then the official party re-
traversed the tunnel to New York.

Last night, the celebration of the event,
which is believed to be the first step in a
great system of tunnels imder the Hudson,
was continued with a banquet at Sherry's.
Tlie regular service began with the starting
of the first train at midnight.

President Roosevelt pressed the button
which formally opened the tunnel at 3:40
o'clock eastern time, yesterday afternoon,
immediately following the receipt of this
telegram from President McAdoo:

The first official train of the Hudson and
Manhattan Railroad Company, under the
Hudson River, awaits your signal and pleas-
ure.

UNVEILING OF STATUE

New York Evening Post

With the unveiling on Monday of the
new statue on Riverside Drive, Jeanne d'Arc
takes her place permanently in New York
city. New York is not the most natural

of settings for Jeanne d'Arc, burgerette of
Domremy-sur-Meuse, warrior, woman saint
of France, but since she is to be here, the
Drive is a good place for her. There is an
open sweep of view there, and hills beyond.
And, in early mornings, and at twilight
when the lights on the river begin to show
coral in the blue-gray mist, something very
like the spirit of the city is made visible.

It is this same characteristic — ^the see-
ing of the invisible, the touching of the
intangible — ^which is in the statue and
makes it what it is. Anna Vaughn Hyatt,
its sculptor, sees only the spiritual in
Jeanne, and in her work she holds indefi-
nitely for us the moment after the finding of
the consecrated sword, which Jeanne holds
high over her head as she stands erect in
her saddle, her head thrown back in exalta-
tion. The horse is all but prancing. There
is something of certainty and joyousness
about the whole which could be inspired by
nothing purely material or temporal. The
upward gesture of the sword is not without
meaning — ^it is the natural movement of a
person who has had a great revelation, a
deep creative instinct. She is holding the
sword up to God.

The idea of the statue for this city, to
celebrate the five hundredth anniversary of
the birth of Jeanne in 1412, and to be nmde
by an American woman sculptor, is about
six years old, and originated with J. San-
ford Saltus and George Frederick Eunz.
They are, respectively, the honorary presi-
dent and president of the Joan of Arc
Statue Committee, founded December
4, 1909, of which Gabriel Hanotaux and
Pierre Loti, membres de I'lnstitut FrauQais,
are the honorary vice-presidents. The
work has taken time and it has been well
done. Besides the Committee of twenty-
four members, and the sculptor herself,
there was an architect, Prof. John V. Van
Pelt, a landscape architect, Carl F. Pilat,
a consultant on armor, Bashford Dean,
Ph.D., curator of armor at the Metropoli-
tan Museum of Art, Cass Gilbert, adviser
of architectural competition, a jury on ar-
chitectural competition, and a Committee
of the Municipal Art Commission on Whole
Design.

148

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

The whole idea has been a oombination
of the American with the French. Miss
Hyatt herself is of French descent and has
studied largely in France. The very foun-
dation of the statue is made of stones from
the Tower of Rouen, in which Jeanne was
confined.

And the dedication at 2:30 on Monday
afternoon, at Riverside Drive and 93d
Street, to which twenty-one societies and
institutes, both French and American, will
send delegations, bears out the idea well.
These delegations will come from the
American Scenic and EQstoric Preservation
Society, the Alliance Fran^aise de New
York, the American Numismatic Society,
the Daughters of the American Revolution,
Daughters of the Revolution, Fdddration
de I'Alliance Fran^ise aux Etats-Unis,
Fine Arts Federation, France-America
Committee, Jeanne D'Arc Home, Metro-
politan Museum of Art, Museum of French
Art, Institut Fran^ais aux Etats-Unis, Na-
tional Academy of Design, National Sculp-
ture Society, New York Historical Society,
Sod^ des Architects Diploma par le
Gouvemement, Soci^t^ Nationale des Pro-
fesseurs Fran^ais, Society of Beaux Arts
Architects, Society of the United States
Daughters of 1812, Society of the War of
1812, Sons of the American Revolution,
Sons of the Revolution.

The service of dedication will open with
the American National Anthem played by
the French Band of the Lafayette Guards.
The Very Rev. Th^phile Wucher, pastor of
the French Church of St. Vincent de Paul,
will give the invocation, Dr. Eunz the ad-
dress of welcome, and J. Sanford Saltus the
address of presentation. The statue will be
unveiled by Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, one of
the Committee members, and the unveiling
will be followed by the French National
Anthem and salute. After the statue has
been received in the name of the city by
Park Commissioner Cabot Ward, a letter
of congratulation from President Wilson
will be read and addresses will be made
by J. J. Jusserand, French Ambassador to
the United States; Robert W. de Forest,
LL.D., president of the Metropolitan Mu-
seum of Art; McDougall Hawkes, president

of the Museum of French Art, rinsUtut
Fran^^ aux Etats-Unis; Professor Dela-
marre, secretary-general of the Federation
de r Alliance Fran^aise aux Etats-Unis, and
J. Alden Weir, president of the National
Academy of Design. If the weather is not
fair on Monday, these exercises will be held
in the American Museum of Natural His-
tory.

President Wilson's letter which will be
placed in the pedestal with letters from
Governor Whitman and leading city offi-
cials, says:

''My dear Dr. Euns:

"I hope that on Monday, December the
sixth, you will convey to the Joan of Arc
Statue Committee my warmest congratu-
lations upon the successful completion of
their work.

''Joan of Arc is one of those ideal historic
figures to whom the thought of patriotic
people turns back for inspiration. In her
seems to have been embodied the pure en-
thusiasm which makes for all that is heroic
and poetic.

"Cordially and sincerely yours,
"WooDROw Wilson."

This statue is the fifteenth equestrian
statue of Jeanne d' Arc, but it is the first one
made by a woman. Thirteen of these are
in France, and one in Philadelphia. The
figure of the Maid was modelled after Clara
Hunter Hyatt, the sculptor's niece, but the
face is idealistic, giving Miss Hyatt's own
conception of the way Jeanne looked. The
horse was modelled in Paris, but the final
work for the statue was done in Miss Hy-
att's Studio in Annisquam, Massachusetts,
where she worked almost entirely outdoors.
A model of this statue has been placed in the
Cathedral at Blois where Jeanne was con-
firmed and a bronze copy will be placed in
front of the Cathedral as soon as the money
can be raised.

Especially niunerous are the statues and
memorials of Jeanne in and aroimd Dom-
remy, now called Domremy-la-Pucelle in
her honor. A statue of her by E. Paul,
erected in 1885, stands in front of the vil-
lage church and above the door is a mural
painting by Baize representing her as she
listened to the Voices. In the garden of the

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 149

cottage where she was bom, near to the
church, is a group by Merci^ showing her
as she left her home led by the (Genius of
France, and over the door are the royal
aims of France and those given to Jeanne
and her family. In a niche above is a kneel-
ing figure of a girl, made about 1456, and
the cottage has become almost a museum,
filled with small belongings of Jeanne her-
self. It is hard to come back from Dom-
remy-la-Pucelle to the comer of Riverside
Drive and 93d Street. But, even here, the
Maid may feel not entirely homeless. She
brings her joy and her certainty with her,
and at twilight, if she glances out over the
river to the hills, she may find, where the
lights show coibI through the mist, a
^impse of things unseen.

Note — The n&a two stories, which describe
a pageant parade, should be compared toith
reference to style and tone,

AUTOMOBILE PAGEANT PARADE

(1)
New York Herald

More than three thousand automobiles,
many of them handsomely decorated and
illuminated, helped to impress upon
throngs of spectators in the city streets
last night the fact that great strides have
been made in the development of both
pleasure and service vehicles. The pag-
eant, which was a featui^ of the Tercen-
tenary celebration, also gave to thousands
an hour of brightness and pleasure.

The parade started in Harlem, and, alter
covering the principal streets there, swept
down town and pa^ed the reviewing stand
in front of the New York Public Library.
Governor Glynn and Mayor Mitchel
reached the stand at the head of the col-
umn. They were accompanied, the Gover-
nor by his staff, and Mayor Mitchel by
prominent citizens.

As both officials had other engagements,
they left before the second division ar-
rived, but they enjoyed seeing the motor-
cydes dash past, many in grotesque deco-
'rations.

As one of the motorcycles sped down
Fifth avenue below Forty-second street
it encountered a big automobile. Police-
men nuuif^ed to draw them apart.

One of the amusing features of the divi-
sion was the musicians riding on motor-
cycles. They had on war bonnets and
were escorted by a band of Indians.

One young woman in white duck trou-
sers, coat and cap, her costume being the
counterpart of that of her male compan-
ion, attracted a good deal of attention, as
the two sped past the official stand.

The celerity with which this division
went down Fifth avenue led spectators
who filled the three stands — ^the Governor's
at the south, the Mayor's in the centre
and a third at the north of the block — as
well as the thousands forming a solid mass
along the streets, to believe that the
pageant would move quickly. But a wait
of almost half an hour ensued after the
passing of the " Indians.''

At last the intercepted line of decorated
automobiles began to appear, and for more
than an hoiur th^*e was an unceasing
flashing of brilliant lights, massed flowers,
bimting, pennants and flags, all of which
formed attractive decorations.

''Neutrality" was greeted with applause
when an automobile filled with young
women dressed in the national colors
whizzed by the judges' box. "He Comes
Up foiling," showing an unusually tall
man wearing bathroom attire, who fre-
quently plunged into the depths of a huge
bathtub, brought forth shouts.

The suffragists had foiur automobiles in
one division. These were decorated with
"votes iar women" colors and pennants
and big banners across the tonneau with
"Victory in 1915 " in black letters on ydlow
or blue.

Louis Annis Ames acted as grand mar-
shal and William G. Poertner was marshal.
The judges of decorated cars were George
W. Breck, W. A. Boring, Alan R. Hawley,
William W. Knowles, Harry H. Good, E.
A. McCoy and William H. Page. The asso-
ciate judges of the automobile division
were Alfred Reeves and C. F. Clarkson;
of the motorcycle division^ F. V. Clark and

ISO

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

J. L. Sauer, and of the advertismgi O. J.
Gude, William H. JoneSi Riissell Field,
A. M. Van Bnren and George B. Van Cleve.
A reception to Governor Glynn and
Mayor Mitchel was held after the parade
at the Automobile Club of America, No.
247 West Fifty.fourth street.

(2)
New York World

Have you ever been in a smoking car
when the man in the seat ahead was trying
to prove that forced draught does not im-
prove the natural perfume of a rubber
plant in a cigar make-up? If you have not
it will be impossible to bring to you from
last night the atmosphere of the automo-
bile parade in celebration of New York's
three hundredth business birthday.

The fact that many of (the automobiles
were charmingly decorated proved nothing
except that one can never tell by the band
what sort of smoke it is wrapped aroimd.

Take a pretty light blue scarf of oil
smudge and weave it about festoons of parti-
colored incandescent globes suspended
along the sidewalks, and you have the
scene at Fifth avenue and Forty-second
s^eet last night, as the parade snorted
past the reviewing stand in front of the
public library.

The plan was to have Gov. Glynn and
Mayor Mitchel sit in the stand and watch
the parade go by. But the Governor and
the Mayor had so many other engagements
last night that they started with the pa-
rade, arrived half an hour before it, and got
away before the parade arrived at the
reviewing stand.

Fortunately, however, most persons in
the automobiles did not know that, and
the men saluted just as correctly, and the
women bowed just «i,s sweetly, as if the
rulers were on the job — so nobody could
see that it made much difference that they
were not.

Officials in charge said that the reason
the motorcycle portion of the parade ar-
rived about half an hour before the next
section was that the motorcycles could not

stop or they would tip over. The fact that
there were several long gaps in the parade
was due to no fault of theirs, the officials
added.

The gaps gave spectators — ^when they
weren't thinking how chiUy it had got
all of a sudden — a chance to observe how
neat and roomy the Fifth avenue roadway
looks when there is no traffic on it. Many
persons thought this the most remarkable
sight of the evening.

More than 2,000 automobiles and trucks
and 1,000 motorcycles were in line. Prizes
worth more than $6,000 had been offered
— $5,000 worth by the Tercentenary Com-
mission.

By way of proving that some persons
will try an3rthing once to win a prize,
women in some of the most beautifully
gotten up cars failed to put on the same
amoimt of clothes they would fail to put
on if they were going to the opera. Nobody
denied that this was a fetching idea in auto-
mobile decorations — ^but it was cold enough
last night to wear at least a necklace, which,
indeed, some of those women did.

Among the floats was one advertising a
make of auto tire. Two gigantic human
shaped figures, made of tiring — or what-
ever they caU the stuff they make tires of
— ^wobbled about on a big float. Then
there was a man who kept coming up smil-
ing from the depths of a big bathtub. When
one saw him at a distance one was thrilled,
but on nearer view one perceived that he
was really wearing tights.

The Peace Float, the Santa Claus Ship
(which The World is going to send to
Europe laden with presents for the father-
less). The World's own float, showing the
way New York got its news three hundred
years ago and the way it gets it to-day (in
The World, of course), the Woman Suf-
frage automobiles, and private machines
covered with flowers, were among the en-
tries which drew applause from a quarter
million persons who banked the line of
march from One Hundred and Twenty-
fifth street and Madison avenue through
niunerous other streets, including Broad-
way and Fifth avenue to the point of dis-
penial at Columbus Circle.

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 151

It might be mentioned that Ralph De
Palma, automobile racer, carrying officials
in his car, and mider instructions to hustle
from the tail to the head of the parade,
bumped into a touring car at Fifty-seventh
street and Fifth avenue. The touring car
lost a mudguard.

A reception for Gov. Glynn and Mayor
Mitchel, who are Honorary Presidents of
the Commission, was held in the Automo-
bile Club of America after the parade.

MEMORIAL DAY PARADE

iVeto York Times

Eight hundred white-haired veterans of
the civil war paraded yesterday under faded
and bullet-riddled flags in the Memorial
Day procession along Riverside Drive from
Seventy-fourth Street to Ninety-second
Street. Because it was the fiftieth anniver-
sary of the end of their days on the battle-
field, because the Grand Army men had
felt the vibration of patriotic feeling in the
atmosphere, and because it was a perfect
day, the soldiers of the civil war, in spite of
the waste in their ranks which old age had
made in recent years, turned out yesterday
in greater number than they have at any
Memorial Day procession in the preceding
three years.

The weather brought out great crowds
along the Drive and in other parts of the
city where Memorial Day exercises of one
kind or another were held. With the sky
cloudless and the sun shining brilliantly,
breezes from the Hudson River kept the
marchers and the spectators cool and put
life even into flags which shells and time
had almost reduced to ribbons.

Probably more than 50,000 people had
gathered along the line of march. As the
crowd was larger it was also more enthusi-
astic than usual. The big demonstrations
were, of course, for the game old men and
the pathetic ruins of their colors. In spite
of the fact that the majority of them had
passed three score and ten and that many
crippled by old wounds and age had to
carry canes, they responded quickly to
tactical orders from their commanders and

as a body moved with the precision of a
smooth-running war machine.

Receiving cheers and shouts of encour-
agement at every block, they were kept
busy smiling and saluting. They passed
thousands and thousands of American
flags, as a large proportion of those in the
crowd carried smaU ones. Flags were hung
out of windows aU along the Drive.

The flag display throughout the city
yesterday, as well as along the line of march
of the procession, was the greatest the city
has seen since Spanish war days at least.
Along many of the residence streets flags
hung in clusters. Along Broadway, wher-
ever there was a flagpole, there was a large
flag out, while small ones by thousands
flapped from windows and thousands of
tiny ones stuck out of buttonholes.

Special cheers along the line of march
were given for the twelve doughty old
Zouaves who appeared in faded red baggy
trousers with the characteristic jacket and
tasseled fez. Also the crowds approved
noisily of occasional ranks of veterans who
appeared with swords drawn and the
blades flashing brightly.

One of the marchers who was cheered
all the way along the route was George
Sebech of Reno Post, No. 44, who carried
medals for service both in the Mexican and
in the civil war. He marched sturdily, and
continually saluted and waved his hat at
the ovation he received. He said:

"I am 98 years old, but I'll be marching
here ten years from now, when these
Spanish war boys are getting gray.''

A platoon of mounted police formed the
head of the column and was followed by a
battalion of regular troops of the Coast
Artillery. Next came the First Division of
the National Guard, commanded by Major
Gen. John F. O'Ryan. Following were the
survivors of the Grand Army, headed by
the Grand Marshal, Commander Sher-
burne C. Van Tassel, who rode a bay
charger. The members of his staff were
Adjt. Gen. Joseph B. Lord, Past Grand
Marshals William E. Van Wyck, George
M. Barry, Samuel Mildenburg, Isidore
Isaacs, George H. Stevens, George S. Drew,
Simpson Hamburger, and William Kirch-

IS2

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ner, Assistant Adjutants M. B. Wood, John
H. Wood, Charles W. Brown, H. J. Kear-
ney, FranJc J. Schleder, Harry B. Dennison,
E. E. Fassett, William H. Elliott, Captain
Howard M. Graff, Chief Aid and Aids
David Loria, Hugh Fitzpatrick, Henry
Holmes, Charles Farmer, Daniel D. Lawlor,
Theodore Joffe, and George Blair.

The guard of honor to the Grand Mar-
shal included Farragut Naval Post, No.
616; Farragut Fleet, Port of New York;
the Monitor Association, Port of Brookl3nQ;
the Ella Bixby Tent, No. 18, Daughters of
Veterans, and Adams Goss Post, No. 330.

There were four divisions of Grand Army
Posts, and in the other divisions marched
several columns of Spanish War veterans
in khaki and blue flannel, numerous fife
and drum corps, bands and semi-military
organizations.

In the reviewing stand at Eighty-ninth
Street were Rear Admirals C. D. Sigsbee,
General N. W. Day, General Anson G.
McCook, Colonel George E. Dewey, Col-
onel James E. March, General Horace
Porter, Colonel C. Blakewell, and Captain
J. B. Greenhut, besides many city officials
and prominent men.

CHRISTMAS

Washington TimeB

Santa Claus, Inc., President of the
Christmas Cheer Corporation. Organized
in the District of Coliunbia under charter
of December 24, 1915.

It had to come. The job was getting too
big for one jovial, rotund man, and he was
afraid he would miss some chimneys. So
Santa, this year, is a captain of industry,
operating in every home in the District of
Columbia, and in institutions as well, and
so far the Sherman anti-trust law hasn't
got him.

Sleighs were too slow. Anyway there
isn't any snow. Bells were too noisy.

The motor truck has taken the place of
the sleigh. And instead of depending upon
his own efforts, Santa has enlisted practi-
cally every organization, every lodge, every
society, every church, every settlement

house and every' mission, and thousands of
individuals in his gigantic Christmas cheer
enterprise.

like all great magnates, Santa is not
seen by his workers. But his spirit presides
over the entire project, and societies, dubs,
groups and individuals are working busily
in his name.

Every church, for escample, is planning
its annual Christmas celebration. An effort
is being made this year to have every church
provide for the poor in its territory, and,
instead of the erstwhile custom of giving
gifts to its own members, many Sunday
schools have applied to the Associated
Charities for names of families to whom
they might carry Christmas dinnere and
other gifts.

For the homeless of the District the
Salvation Army, the Gospel Mission, and
the Central Union Mission are giving tur-
key dinners, to be followed by Christmas
trees for those children where the home
Christmas might not be as happy as it
should be.

At the Associated Charities volunteers
are busily working today arranging bas-
kets to be taken to the homes of f amHies on
that organization's list, and in every case
the Christmas dinner will be accompanied
by some gift more lasting, such as a quan-
tity of coaJ or clothing. Tliese gifts are paid
for from special contributions to the Christ-
mas fund, and they are in addition to the
fourteen "opportunities" by which the
Associated Charities, co-operating with the
newspapers of the city, hopes to make
fourteen homes happy throughout the
year.

At both the Central Union and the Gos-
pel Missions turkey dinners will be served,
and at the Salvation Army there will be a
Christmas breakfast in addition to the
dinner.

In enlarging the scope of his work and
his force of helpers,' Santa Claus has not
forgotten that he is primarily the patron
saint of children. One of his principal help-
ers is the Santa Claus girl, whose home at
70 Seaton place is piled high with gifts for
those children whose names have been fur-
nished through charity organizations, or

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 153

by friends, and by letters written to Santa
Clans.

Dolls, drums, engines, skates, sweaters,
and everything in which the child heart
delights are piled high at the headquarters
of the Christ Child Society, 929 G street,
awaiting distribution among poor children.
This year there are 2,000 names on the list
to receive presents.

Miss Mary V. Merrick is in charge of this
work, and she has been assisted by Miss
Charlotte Campbell, Mrs. James Gowel,
Miss Florence Roach and Miss A. Ives.
Scores of dolls were contributed by the doll
guild, of which Miss Leta Montgomery is
director. Sewing circles have given large
quantities of clothing and the American
Security and Trust Company has provided
vans for the distribution of the bundles.

Entire Grovemment departments will
celebrate Christmas; other Government
bureaus, business houses, and military
posts will have community celebrations.

An unusual celebration will take place
this evening in the office of the chief clerk
of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.
AU week the clerks have been buying small
gifts suitable for children. Names of all the
clerks who are "playing the game" will be
placed in a hat this evening, and then draw-
ings will be made for the presents. After
the gifts have been drawn, and the joke at
the expense of the recipients appreciated,
all the toys will be turned over to some in-
stitution, and any left over will be sent to
the home of the Santa Claus girl. This
plan was conceived by and carried out
under the direction of Miss Mary A.
Carpenter.

Over at Fort Myer Uncle Sam's soldiers
win decorate a Christmas tree in the gym-
nasium under the direction of wives of
officers at the post, to be exhibited on Tues-
day for the benefit of the children of the
retired soldiers and those of men now on
duty at the Philippines.

Not only the poor, but those who are
away from home, will have plenty of pro-
vision made for their Christmas cheer. At
the Y. M. C. A. the usual visitation will be
made to the rooms of all young men, and
during the day there will be Christmas

activities of various sorts by the clubs and
departments of the association.

The Yoimg Women's Christian Associa-
tion has plaimed a day which, it hopes, will
drive homesickness from the heart of any
girl who is away from her home at this sea-
son. The building at 619 Fourteenth street
will be open from 3 imtil 9 o'clock. A
Christmas party wiQ be in progress during
that time. Games will be played, Christ-
mas carols will be sung by the Y. W. C. A.
Choral Club, and a tree will sdeld gifts for
everyone. Refreshments will be served.

In addition to the distribution of baskets
to be made by the Salvation Army and the
missions. Almas Temple, Nobles of the
Mystic Shrine, is to give away 500 Christ-
mas baskets, Central Union Mission will
distribute between 400 and 500 baskets
and Go!^l Mission will send about 500.
Boy Scouts have been enlisted in the work
of distributing these gifts.

The observance will spread to inmates of
District institutions. At the workhouse at
Occoquan men wiU be given a holiday and
a special dinner, and they will attend a
special Christmas service tomorrow after-
noon. At the District jail a si)ecial dinner,
which includes turkey, will be served.

At the Petworth School playgrounds
there will be a conmiunity Christmas tree
celebration tonight at 7 o'clock. A large
tree will be decorated with lights, and school
children wiU form a chorus to sing Christ-
mas carols. This celebration will be under
the auspices of the Petworth Citizens'
Association.

This afternoon there will be a Christmas
entertainment at Washington Barracks,
when Kris Eringle will appear with a bag
laden with toys and good things for the
children. The tree will be on the platform
of the post exchange building. A musical
program will be given by the post band.

At the Central Presbyterian Church,
where the President attends services, gift-
bringing as well as gift-giving was a feature
of the Christmas exercises. For that reason
the services were held on Monday, and gifts
brought at that time are being sent to the
Lynchburg Orphanage, the Mountain
School, at Grundy, Va., and the Red Cross

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

war f undy to the city missioiui, and several
charities of the city.

At the Neighborhood House, Friendship
House, and Noel House, there will be
Christinas trees, and celebrations extend-
ing until New Year, with daily features,
such as entertainments, plays, musicales,
and other provisions for the children of
those neighborhoods.

Students from Washington who are at-
tending colleges and schools away from
Washington began to pour into the city to-
day, and enlivened the crowds on F street.
Washington schools and colleges have
closed for the holidays. Many activities
have been planned for the holidays by
students at George Washington Univer-
sity. Teas, dances, suppers, banquets, and
theater parties are among the functions
planned by fraternities, student societies,
and groups of students.

CHRISTMAS IN CHILDREN'S
HOSPITAL

Providence Journal

"Hey, you, I got more Christmas pres-
ents 'n you did. An' I gotta pitcher taken
thing with a snake in it. Wot'dju git?"

''I gotta chu-chu, an' a lotta other stuff
and things. An', an', I gotta dawg."

This was the conversation, no, only a
part of the dialogue, which passed between
Little Jimmie Trupper and Mildred Conner
at the Rhode Island Hospital yesterday
afternoon, after Santa Claus had entered
through the window and dispensed his good
cheer from a tree which stood in the centre
of the children's ward.

Jimmie has been in a form for months,
being treated for spinal trouble. He could
only move his hands, roll his head and laugh.
But, oh, how he did laugh, and sing, too.
And little Mildred, she was strapped to
a board. Mildred has not advanced far
enough to be taken off the board and put
Into a form; but she, too, could move her
hands and roll her head and laugh and
cuddle her "dawg" to her bosom.

The ward contains 39 children at pres-
ent, suffering from injuries and being

treated for various ailments. Perhaps some
of them will never have another Christmas.
But if you had closed your eyes and heard
them laughing and singing, you would
never have thought you were in a hospital.
Many of them were able to sit up, and so
that they could all be in one room, two were
put in some beds. Those who could sit up
had little red wrappers over their nighties,
and propped up around the sides of the
room, they looked for all the world like
little animated red hoUy berries.

Santa was delayed. He told them he
had gotten as far as the grounds, and then,
having forgotten one present, had to drive
5000 miles back to hk ice-covered palace.
And then, when he returned, Jerry, one of
his reindeers, had fallen into the pond In
front of the hospital, and it had taken two
hours to fish him out; honest, it did.

But, oh, what a reception he received.
Thirty-nine Uttle bed-ridden tote singing
"Jingle Bells" when he bounded in the
window. Singing, did we say? Could they
sing? You should have heard them. AngeliEi
never sang sweeter. They warbled and
caroled, just as if they were as free as the
birds, instead of being inmates of a hospital
ward.

And, my, what a treel It touched the
ceiling, and ite boughs hung down with ite
heavy burdens. Only a Christmas tree can
bear such products — and such trees as
that one don't grow everywhere and don't
bring such cheer. There were dolls and
games, houses and boate, dogs and cate,
stoves and balls, and bags and bags of
candy. The tree was decorated with chains
and strings of pop com and Santas which
had been made by the children themselves.

The presente were given out first, and
then came the candy and oranges. The bags
of candy were torn open, almost greedily,
and there was a general sticky munching. .

"Aren't you afraid you will make your-
self sick eating so mudi candy?" Richard
Lynch was asl^.

"No, I ain't," he replied. "I never gite
sick."

Richard has been in a form a long time
now, and so, of course, he's not sick. Alfred
Morrisetti was in the next bed, and be-

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 155

tween crammings of sweet stuffs, they com-
pared their much-valued presents.

*'Didja see my ball?" asked Richard, as
he held up a rubber ball which he will hardly
be able to get the full benefit of for a long,
long time yet.

" Yes, but it ain't half as nice as my bug,"
Alfred replied, holding up a wriggley crea-
ture which shivered and shook as it was
waved about. ''I'm goinna call it Hinny
'cause its all on hinges."

There was little Mary Hayes, another
spinal case, who received a set of dishes
and a broom and a dust pan and insisted
she was going to play, ''keeping house."
Each present was better than the other,
and there were many for each patient.

Flitting from bed to bed, winding up
toys and adjusting pillows was Miss Laura
B. Anderson, the nurse in charge of the
ward. Along with Miss Anderson was Miss
Margaret Smith, the children's teacher,
who taught them the songs they sang, and
makes herself much beloved by the young
charges entrusted to her care.

Many convalescent adult patients were
present, having been helped in from other
wards. They were all remembered, too, as
well as the children, when the candy and
fruits were passed out by Dr. H. D. Clough,
who played the part of Santa Glaus. Sev-
eral trustees, a number of the house staff
and visiting doctors, with their wives, were
also present.

Music was furnished by Miss Virginia
Boyd Anderson's Orchestra. Piano solos
were rendered by Dr. N. B. Cole and in-
strumental duets by Drs. Cole and W. 0.
Rice. A vocal quartet was also made up of
Drs. Cole, Rice, H. G. Calder and B. H.
Buxton. In every part of the programme
the children joined and clapped until one
would have thou^t their little hands would
be sore.

Early this morning the nurses visited
various parts of the hospital singing carols.
The choir from Grace Church will sing at
the hospital this afternoon and St. Stephen's
choir will be there Sunday afternoon. To-
day the children will have another presen-
tation, when they will be visited by their
parents and friends.

CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME

New York Times

Just as the strolling players of old Eng-
land put up their booths in the public
square, so the players of Stuart Walker's
Portmanteau Theatre arranged a stage for
a pantomime last night in Madison Square.
The play, it had been announced, would
begin at 9 o'clock, but many of the players
were imable to get away from engagements
at uptown theatres on time. Meanwhile
the crowd grew.

It was a long wait. The arc lights in the
park had been turned off. The clouds,
which were hanging so low that their soft
masses could be seen flying past the light
on the top of the Metropolitan tower,
threatened to pour down a shower at any
minute. All of the lights on the giant
Christmas tree near by had been turned
off, except the star, and the wind whistled
and moaned in the tree as it tossed the
waving green branches. Only a band
which was concealed behind the stage kept
any liveliness stirring.

Finally, at 9:30, concealed lights on the
stage lit up the blue scenery and the panto-
mime began. The name of the play was
"The Seven Gifts, a Fantasy of Christmas
Giving." The principal characters were
the Wanderer, the Majordomo, the Emer-
ald Queen, Jack-in-the-Box, the Lowly
Man, his Son, the Rich Man, the Haughty
Lady, tiie Humble Woman, the Brave
Man, the Strolling Player, Pierrot, the Moon
Lady, and the Dear Child. Placards at
the side of the theatre annoimced the action
of the play so that all might understand.

The trumpeters signaled for silence. The
crowd of about 2,500, which stretched on
all the paths as far as Fifth Avenue, be-
came still. Chimes sounded as the Wan-
derer, an old man with a pack on his back,
clad in garb of brown, blue and yellow,
came from among the spectators. He saw
the stage with its closely drawn curtains.
What was it all for, he mutely questioned,
and started to pull the curtains of the the-
atre within a theatre to investigate, but at
that moment out stepped the prologuist
and answered his question by telling mutely,

iS6

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

*'The theatre is for you, Wanderer, and for
you and you and you/' to the audience,
'^and for all who come to share this fan-
tasy."

Then the inner curtain slowly rose and
disclosed the court of the Emerald Queen
with her attendants. In the course of the
play seven gifts were brought to her. The
first was Jack-in-the-Box, which part was
taken by Tom Powers, who danced for the
Queen. Then the Lowly Man and his son
brought in a scraggly Uttle Christmas tree,
which, however, being the best they had,
was acceptable to the Queen. The Haughty
Lady brought flowers, but would take no
notice of the Lowly Man and his son.

The Richest Man in the World brought
to the Queen many treasures, but when a
bubble blew across the stage and the Queen
wished for it, neither he nor his attendants
could capture it. Finally, when he man-
aged to touch it, it burst.

Then the Humble Woman came with her
bird, but when a cage was brought for it
she set it free, refusing to give it into cap-
tivity. The Haughty Lady was very much
touched and became repentant of her proud
action. The Bravest Man in the World
then entered and had an amusing fight with
Jack-in-the-Box, who simulated a tiger.
Then came the strolling players with their
play.

Scenery was set up and a pretty story of
Pierrot and the Moon Lady enacted.

Tlie Moon Lady first appeared as an old
hag to whom Pierrot offered food. But she
wanted kisses, for only by the kiss of one
who had never kissed a fair lady could she
regain her maidenly form. Pierrot was
evidently the one to do the job, for as soon
as he kissed her she became the beautiful
Moon Lady once again and Pierrot fell
madly in love with her. He chased her,
but she eluded him, wafting her veil tanta-
lizingly in his face. At last, when the sun
rose, she was forced to leave him alto-
gether, and Pierrot was quite broken up
about it.

The seventh gift was from the Dear
Child, who presented her own doll, some-
what the worst for wear, to the Queen.
But this gift came from the heart and was

worth all the others. The Queen told her
that she might take what she would of the
many presents that had been brought.
Looking at all the gifts her eye finally
Ughted on the bright star at the top of the
great tree in the square. She said she
wanted that, and as the Queen and cour-
tiers followed her gesture the huge tree
burst into light. The Queen dismissed the
others and departed herself.

Turning, the child saw that the room
was empty, and there was her gift on the
throne. She took the doll to look at each
present, but the doll, too, refused them all.
Then the child placed the doll on the
Queen's throne, to play at being Queen,
while the lights on the stage grew dimmer
and dimmer, as the fantasy ended.

Many left because the narrow paths of
the park were crowded, but had there been
one wide-open space, ten times the number
could have seen the play.

LAST DAY FOR STRAW HATS

MihiKiukee Evening Wisconsin

Died, on August 31, 1909, at 60 minutes
past 11, S. Traw Hatt, aged 92 days and
some minutes, at his late place of abode at
41144 Cranium place. Deceased was a
prominent figure in the downtown district,
being usually accompanied by a band. His
dtoise was not unexpected but was never-
theless a shock to many who were accus-
tomed to take chances with the lake breezes
until far into autumn. Hatt and Dame
Fashion were closely allied during the sum-
mer silly season, but his departure from
this existence apparently is not mourned
by the fickle despot, who herself had fore-
told that September 1 would see the last of
Hatt. Hatt, despite his tmmistakable mas«
culinity, was frequently mistaken for the
mysterious Miss Dolly Dimples of The
Evening Wisconsin, and it was a common
sight to see him madly pursued by a score
of irate but prominent citizens in the vicin-
ity of Grand avenue bridge on a windy day.
It probably was because of Hatt's close
proximity to many classic brows that he
was so popular in various Greek boot-black

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 157

establishments, where the swarthy sons of
Hellas spent ten minutes at a time in put-
ting him through oxalic baths with the
hope of insuring longevity and pristine
luster. Hattys only near relatives are Miss
Peach B. Asket and Mrs. Sue P. Bowie.
Appropriate requiem services will be held
at the board of trade today. Interment
will be in the family attic or a handy ash
barrel. Inscribed on the tomb will be the
legend:
"We loved our Straws but oh you Felts."

BANQUET

New York World

In response to the toast, "The Land 0'
Cakes," Andrew Carnegie, speaking last
night at the St. Andrew's Society banquet,
practically rolled all the cakes there are
into one big doughnut, bit off the entire
rim for Scotland, and left England, Ireland,
America, Asia and Africa to divide the hole
among themselves.

Entirely surrounded by Scotch flags,
Scotch music, Scotch whiskey and gentle-
men in kilts, Mr. Carnegie looked the most
pleased man in the world as he got up to
speak. He had just led the singing of the
"Star Spangled Banner," and "God Save
the King," and remarked in his first para-
graph that he hadn't much voice left for
his speech.

But, with Scotland for a text, he man-
aged to talk brawly for about twenty min-
utes, and by the time he was back in his
seat Scotland had claimed everything in
sight.

"Scotland is a land of small population,
but her sons, though few, are deep," said
the Ironmaster. Everybody laughed at
that, but Mr. Carnegie held up a depre-
cating hand and said that he wasn't tr3ring
to be funny, that he was seizing the occasion
to make known just a little of what Scotch-
men had done for the world.

Whereupon he harked back to the fifth
century, at which time he declared man-
kind began to look to the land o' cakes for
pattern and example.

Running then somewhat rapidly down

the centuries, he maintained that for all
those years Scotland had been supreme in
three branches above all others: religion,
politics and education.

Nobody on earth, for instance, ever had
more religious liberty than Scotchmen have
alwajTs had. The humblest cotter over
there was as free to worship His Maker in
his own way as was His Majesty the King.
Mr. Carnegie had observed that much in
Scotland In his boyhood and had been
forcibly struck with it every time he had
been back since.

In America, to sum up on the count of
religious liberty, there is as much liberty
as in Scotland, but no more, and, an3rway,
America borrowed the idea from the free
kirk.

When he came down to political great-
ness, Mr. Carnegie gave his hearers a shock.
The United States owed its Constitution
to a Scotchman, Judge Wilson, and Mr.
Carnegie proved it by quoting a letter
which he said George Washington had
written Wilson, saying "we owe the Ameri-
can Constitution to you."

Quickly slipping in Alexander Hamilton,
making him as Scotch as possible and cred-
iting him with everything that hadn't been
already cornered by Judge Wilson, Mr.
Carnegie then got along to the matter of
education, and showed that Scotland, as
copied by America, led the world.

Witness John Witherspoon, of the early
days of Princeton, America's model edu-
cator ever since. On account of him and
for all the aforesaid reasons, said Mr.
Carnegie, a Scotchman always feels at
home in the United States; Scotland is his
mother, America is his wife, and there is
nothing inconsistent in his loving both.

Besides Mr. Carnegie, the speakers of
the evening were Hamilton Mabie, Gen.
Leonard Wood, E. Theodore Martin,
Irving Bacheller, Julius M. Mayer, Dr.
Alexander McGregor and Harry Lauder.
Lauder responded to the toast "Honest
Men an' Bonnie Lassies"; Gen. Wood, to
the "Army and Navy."

A bagpipe band played alternately with
a string orchestra, and a lot of the Scots-
men present came in kilts and bare legs.

iS8

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

It was noticeable, though, that most of the
latter wore long fur overcoats and went
home in closed automobiles.

In addition to Lauder, Messrs. John
Reid, E. Theodore Mayer and George A.
Fleming, all well known Scottish singers,
enlivened the evening with ballads. A few
of those present were:

Robert Foulis, Frank W. McLaughlin,
Rev. David G. Wylie, Alexander McGregor,
of Boston; Lieut.-Col. Allan C. Bakewell,
Dr. Neil MacPhatter, Rev. Anthony H.
Evans, D. D., Evert Jansen Wendell, Gen.
John T. Lockman, Edgar L. Marston,
Rev. George Alexander, Robert C. Ogen,
Courtenay Walter Bennett, British Con-
sul-General at New York; J. Edward
Simmons, president of the Chamber of
Conmierce, and Rear-Admiral Caspar F.
Goodrich, U. S. N.

SCHOOL ENTERTAINMENT

New York Time*

The crippled children of Public School
2, Primary, almost believed that they were
the butterflies and bees and flowers that
they impersonated in the playlet of "Cin-
derella in Flowerland'' in the auditorium of
Public School 62, at Hester and Essex
Streets, yesterday afternoon, for the enter-
tainment of the primary children of other
schools in the neighborhood. And a happy
woman was Mrs. Elizabeth Waldo Schuarz,
Principal of Public School 2, Primary, who
has taken the crippled children's annex
imder her special supervision. As the chil-
dren sang and haltingly danced on their
unstable little legs she smiled and almost
wept by turns.

Other grown-ups in the audience, too,
had recourse to handkerchiefs as children
dressed as butterflies fluttered in, some with
creaking braces on their legs, singing:

Lightly, lightly winging, on the breexes swinging,

Airy little fairies, full of grace and glee,

Dancing with the sunbeams, weaving dainty day

dreams.
Could mortaJs be as light and free? Airy fairies we!

It was the old story of Cinderella, but
the characters were flowers, Sunsiune,

Bonnie Bee, the good old Godmother, and
Mother Nature. Cinderella was a daisy
bud, and because her petals had not yet
unfolded she had no fine dress to wear to
the ball of Prince Sunshine. Cinderella was
Marie Schatter, who is well on the road to
recovery from a bad case of curvature of
the spine. The stepsisters. Hollyhock and
Tiger Lily, were proud indeed, although
they did limp a little.

Mother Nature, the good fairy god-
mother, however, smnmoned Bonnie Bee,
who,- in his efforts to call the simshine to
open Cinderella's petals, quite forgot that
he had a tubercular knee. When the sun-
shine did come and Cinderella's petals
opened up, she smiled as only a little girl
who has suffered much can smile.

At the ball the part of the Prince was
taken by Celia Weller, who has not lost
hope that her back may some day be
straight. Among the flowers was a little
girl, all in white, who carried a bunch of
blossoms almost as big as her stunted self.

The play from the ball on followed the
time<honored version. In the final scene,
where the Prince finds his true love by the
try-on of the tiny sUpper, all the thirty
children in the play came upon the stage.

In spite of their physical handicaps, the
children put great spirit into the play,
much to the credit of the educational sys-
tem that lifts little sufferers into Fairyland.

CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
ENTERTAINMENT

New York Mail

A sweet-faced woman stood beside the
crib of little Jack Maclntyre in the surgical
ward of St. Mary's Free Hospital for
Children this afternoon, and watched him
hold court with the little queens of Fairy-
land, whom De Wolf Hopper had imported
from the Majestic theatre. Above the crib
was a copper plate bearing the inscription,
''In Loving Memory of Katherine Harris
Wilkes," and it was between this plate and
the happy group paying homage to little
Jack that the woman divided her attention.
Sometimes it seemed as if tears were re-

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 159

sponsible for the glistening in her eyes, but
this impression died away when her gaze
rested on the little man in the crib.

He was a happy little fellow, and his
smile was contagious. Even the staid little
members of the "Pied Piper" chorus, ex-
alted to the pinnacle of dignity by being
permitted to take part in a "benefit per-
formance," melted before it. They had
approached his crib shyly, but the effusive-
ness of his greeting was irresistible.

"I was goin* home to-day," he gurgled,
"but I'm goin' to stay now for the «how.
I like shows, I do, and I like" — this with
an arch smile — "I like girls, too."

"You little dear," said Miss Marguerite
Clarke, who plays the part of Elvira in the
Hopper show. Jack accepted this tribute
complacently, for when one is four years
old and the pet of an entire hospital staff,
homage becomes almost commonplace.

"Which of these little girls do you like
best?" queried the smiling nurse, who was
chaperoning Jack's guests. Now Jack's
last name is Maclntyre, and he proved
right then and there that he was a bona fide
"Mac," blarney and all.

" I hke," he said, and his eyes roved smil-
ingly over the entire party, "I like 'em all."

This diplomatic answer won so much
commendation from the little girl guests
that it is probable that Jack would still be
holding court if the performance planned
to gladden both him and his little comrades
had not been scheduled to start at 1 o'clock
sharp. Chirps of impatience from other
parts of the ward warned the party that
their visit must be cut short; so the little
fairy queens left Jack and prepared for
their entrance on the miniature stage which
had been erected in the middle of the big
room. Only the sweet-faced woman who
had stood silently beside the crib remained,
and Jack turned his beaming face upon her.

"Are you happy, dear?" she said.

"Sure," he chuckled; "there's goin' to
be a show. Ain't you never seen a show?"

The woman turned from him a second
and looked up at the inscription on the
plate above his crib. Then she looked down
at his smiling face again and said:

"It's been a long time since I have seen

one, dear, but I'm going to watch the show
here to-day with you. May I?"

"Sure," he said. And then he stretched
his tiny arm through the bars of the crib
and hdd his moist little hand in hera—
"You and me, together."

LAWN FETE

Kansas City Times

A quaint old fashioned garden, gay with
rose trees and wistaria-twined archways,
a garden which blossomed in a day, was
the setting for the delightfully costumed
fete given yesterday afternoon for the bene-
fit of the little sufferers of Mercy Hospital.
Girls in primitive Yorkshire peasant garden
smocks assisted in the welcoming of those
who came to see the pageant and to give
their mite for charity. Little ones of every
age who followed the "pied piper" were
reproductions of the children of Kate
Greenaway. Flowered chintzes gave aid to
the blossoms in the garden in adding to the
color effect.

It was a fete for the delight of all the
grownups, but it really belonged to the
little Miss Muffets and their brothers and
sisters. This little bit of a Mother Goose
child was there in the person of Mary
Belden, who looked so bewitching in her
flowered ankle<long frock demurely laced
in front with velvet ribbon, her fascinating
mob cap and strapped white slippers that
even then she might have been in a terrible
fright of the wicked spider had it not been
for the wonderful mitts she wore. They
were quaint and black, and Miss Muffet's
pride in them apparently gave chase to her
timidity.

Riding a pony with all his might was
little J. W. McGarvey. A pale blue long-
tailed coat had he, and a stimning high hat
sat proudly and securely on his head.

Betty Banks wore a long yellow pos-
tilion coat over her pretty white frock and
also a big black riding hat.

Far from contrary and altogether fasci-
nating were the "pretty maids all in a row,"
and even the original contrary Mary might
have been forgiven for her contrariness had

i6o

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

she appeared in the frock this Mary (Miss
Virginia Aikins) wore. Her costume was a
checkered one in many hues, banded about
the bottom with velvet ribands. Her big,
big hat in Le^om and her extensive lace
collar gave her a very important air.

The pretty maids were decked in flow-
ered frocks of gayest chintzes, bobbing poke
bonnets and Maud Muller hats. Ribbon
streamers mingled with their curls and gave
to the costumes a graceful touch.

The two little Pussy Cats were attractive
little kittens in posied skirts and black
coats.

Almost too heavy for little Jacky Homer
was the big Christmas pie. But the broadly
checked long trousers and the checked
''runabout" composed a very stimning
suit.

Too pretty to timible in were the cos-
tmnes of Jack and Jill, Virginia and Pen-
elope Smith. Jack's suit of sprigged chintz
and Jill's plaid swirling skirts were topped
by a high hat and a bright bonnet with
plaid bands. With his faithful crook, a gay
yellow suit and a cocked hat Little Bo Peep
took his way after his sheep very energeti-
cally.

"The Merchantmen" were costumed in
velvet doublets and hose. These were in
bright blue and rose and green and purple.
Their velvet Beef-eater hats were true to
the t}^ and very becoming to the wearers.

Outside the garden the grounds were
turned into Arcady where booths were
created into miniature kingdoms, the pret-
tiest of the young matrons and girls pre-
siding. Miss Felice Lyne and her assist-
ants, Mrs. William Perry, Miss Virginia
George, Miss Dorothy George, Miss Helen
Furguson, Miss Katherine Harvey and
Mrs. C. N. Seidlitz, jr., were at the refresh-
ment booth. Miss Lyne sold the cigarettes
there.

Miss Josephine Bird, Miss Elizabeth
Marsh and Miss Ada Lee Porter served
at another booth near.

All these young women wore the pictur-
esque garden smock and some type of hat
which properly accompanied it.

Pretty pedcfiers everjrwhere were dressed
in airy summer frocks with skirts of great

expanse, ruffle trimmed and suggestive in
every way of the picturesque Victorian
era. They were selling sweets and lowers
and balloons. To the lot of Mrs. Kenneth
Dickey fell the task of disposing of the bal-
loons. Mrs. Dickey wore a white net gown
trimmed in velvet bands and a large hat
with transparent brim. A silk sport coat
added a bit of color. Among the other
venders who plied their trade for charity's
sake were:

Miss Annette McGee,
Miss Virginia Beele^
Miss Elisabeth Dodge,
Miss Catherine Firey,
Miss Madeline Dickey,
Miss Gwendolyn Green,
Miss Flora Markey,
Miss Dorothy Jolmston,

Miss Florence Haight,
Mrs. List Pq>pard,
Miss Helen Foran,
Miss Ada Lee Porter,
Miss Josephine Bird,
Miss Elisabeth Marsh,
Miss<Elisabeth Cocdc,
Miss Hden Mace.

JUBILEE SERVICE IN CATHEDRAL

New York Evening Post

It is seldom that New York goes to
church in honor of a foreign potentate, and
a royal monarch at that. Yet some thou-
sanck filled St. Patrick's Cathedral to-day
to listen to a solemn high mass, celebrated
with all the stately pomp of the Roman
Catholic ritual, in honor of the diamond
jubilee of his ''Apostolic Majesty Francis
Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King
of Hungary, of Bohemia, of Dalmatian of
Croatia, of Slavonia, of Galicia, of Jeru-
salem, Archduke of Austria, Count-Prince
of Hapsburg, Seigneur of the Wendish
March, Grand Voyvode of Servia," and
any number of additional titles.

Archbishop Farley sat in his high seat at
the left of the chancel, surrounded by
monsignori in violet, while the glimmer of
many-hued cassocks, the rustling of stoles,
and the shimmer of the purple gowns of
the acolytes filled the broad altar with a
constant play of shifting colors.

Through windows, high up, the cold
early-winter sunshine poured, warmed by
the gracious tones of the panes, and min-
gled with the yellow light of the candles on
the high altar. At intervals along the nave
and in the side aisles bunches of electric
lights twinkled dimly.

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS i6i

The church filled rapidly, and by the
time the first premonitory rumbles of the
organ started the echoes fijdng back and
forth among the lofty arches, the front
part, clear across the transept, was full,
and scarce a pew throughout the entire
body of the edifice that did not have its
quota of the devout.

Not all were Austrians or Hungarians, or
any one of the myriad nationalities ruled
over by the aged Emperor-King; not all
were Catholics, either. Many were there
simply to do honor to a man who had ruled
the most scattered country in the world
for sixty years, th,e span of an ordinary
man's Kfe.

In the front pews sat the diplomats and
guests of honor, with here and there among
them the glitter of a uniform or a decora-
tion. An Austrian in the full imiform of his
country's service, his glazed, yellow-plumed
shako on his arm and sword clanking at his
heels, strode up the centre aisle to a pew.
His stiff pompadour and little moustache
reminded one of the slim lieutenants who
haunt the caf6s of Vienna and Buda-Pest.
While one felt instinctively that he would
have been out of place on Fifth Avenue,
somehow his strange imiform fitted in with
the atmosphere of the church.

The organ started and the procession of
altar boys, acolytes, priests, and deacons
appeared. Candles glimmered, rose and
fell, to the organ's swelling prelude. With
the clergy ranged in orderly rows before the
altar, the chant of the Te Deum was taken
up by the archbishop. Then the celebrant
of the mass, the Rev. John Hauptmann,
and his deacons, the Rev. Urban Nagelei-
sen, and the Rev. Rudolph Nickel, clad in
shimmering gold vestments, advanced and
commenced the preliminary ceremonies of
the mass.

It was all very beautiful and imposing,
and the vast congregation sat spellbound
through the scene, while the clergy, the
celebrants, and the masters of the cere-
monies, the Rev. J. V. Lewis and the Rev.
A. Blaznick, conducted the rites.

Later, there were sermons by the Rev.
Ambrose Schumack and Father Mateus.
Father Schumack spoke in En^^ish with a

marked German accent, taking for his text
"Fear God, honor the King." He told of
the work of Francis Joseph, of his long and
stormy reign.

"On this glorious day," he said, "it would
hardly be fitting to go into the sadnesses
of his life. We may pass over the wars,
bloody and terrible, into which he was
drag^; we may pass over the tragedies
in his family history. He is an old man,
who has ruled his country for sixty years,
and who has kept her, until to-day, whole
and strong. He has kept her so, largely, I
think, because of the aid which he has been
afforded by Divine Providence. * Fear God ;
honor the King.' That is a motto which
can hurt none of us."

One could not avoid a quiver of historic
interest at the words. Perhaps never, since
the days when Clinton's grenadiers garri-
soned New York, has a clergyman preached
from such a text.

Father Mateus, who followed Father
Schumack, spoke in the Magyar tongue.
Many there were in the audience who leaned
forward attentively in their seats, drinking
in the unwonted words. To them it was
like a breath fresh from the fatherland.
But the majority of the audience could
only appreciate the priest's fine delivery,
which sent his resonant words clanging dis-
tinctly into every farthest comer of the
building.

At last. Father Mateus climbed down
from the pulpit, and the service was con-
tinued. And then, when it was nearly time
to go, the whole congregation rose and
joined with the choir and the priests in
singing the mighty "Volkshymne," which
runs:

Gott erhalte, Gott beschtttse

Unaem Kaiser, unser Land !
Maechtig durch dee Glaubens Stuetie,

FQhr' er una mit weiser Hand I

Lass uns seiner Vaeter Krone

Schirmen wider jeden Feind;
Innig bleibt mit Habsburg's Throne

Oesterreichs Geschiok vereint.

Besides Mayor McClellan and his secre-
tary, others who attended were Patrick
McGowan, president of the Board of Alder-
men; Lawrence Grosser, president of the

l62

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Borough of Queens; Louis H. Haffen, presi-
dent of the Borou^ of the Bronx; Bird S.
Coler, president of the Borough of Brook-
lyn; Thomas F. Murphy, assistant post-
master; Robert Watchom, immigration
conmiissioner; Samuel S. Eoenig, secretary
of State-elect; Rear- Admiral Goodrich;
Gustave Lindenthal, Judge Hough of the
United States District Court, and the jus-
tices of the Supreme Court, Charles H.
Truax, Henry Bischoff, jr., Leonard A.
Giegerich, John W. Gofif, Mitchell E.
Erlanger, Lorenz Zeller, and W. H. 01m-
stead. The city magistrates were repre-
sented by Henry Steinert and Peter T.
Barlow.

Practically all the diplomatic representa-
tives of the various governments main-
taining consular offices in this city were
present, including the Austrian consul-gen-
eral, Baron Otto Hoenning O'Carroll; the
Austrian consul, Georg von Grivicic; Karl
Buenz, the German consul-general; Leg.
Rat Karl Gneist, German consul; the Count
Hannibal Massiglia, Italian consul-gen-
eral; Courtenay W. Bishop, English con-
sul; fitienne Lanel, French consul; Baron
A. Schlippenbach, Russian consul-general;
Kokichi Midzune, Japanese consul-general;
John R. Planten, consul-general of the
Netherlands; Julius Clan, consul-general of
Denmark; Jose Joaquim Gomes dos Santos,
Brazilian consul-general; Jose V. Fernan-
dez, consul-general of Argentina; Ricardo
Sanchez-Croz, consul-general of Chili; Wal-
lace White, consul-general of Paraguay;
Juon J. Ulloa, consul-general of Costa Rica,
and Ramon Bengoeches, consul-general of
Guatemala.

The officers of the Austrian Society of
New York, Emil Fischel, Dr. Edward
Pisko, Dr. Karl Weiss, and Leopold Selzer,
together with many of the members, were
likewise present.

UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT

New York Evening Post

New Haven, Conn., June 17. — Seven
himdred and seventy-eight degrees were
conferred upon students of the class of 1914

at the 213th commencement exercises of
Yale University here to-day. The cere-
monies were held in Woolsey Hall, in the
presence of a great and distinguished aca-
demic gathering. Twenty-one honorary
degrees were conferred, among them that
of doctor of laws on Romulo S. Naon,
Ambassador from the Argentine to the
United States, and now one of the envoys
in the mediation proceedings at Niagara
Falls.

The same honor was awarded to Surgeon-
Gen. William Crawford Gorgas, who yes-
terday received the degree of doctor of
science from Princeton. In view of the
centennial celebration of the Yale Medical
School, it was natural that the number of
medical men to receive honorary degrees
should be much greater than usual.

The gathering of the candidates for de-
grees was preceded by the customary pro-
cession, formed in Vanderbilt Court,
through the central green and thence
through College Street to Woolsey Hall,
while the Trinity Church chimes on the
Green and the band which headed the
procession played ''Onward, Christian
Soldiers." The formal exercises included
music conducted by Prof. Horatio Parker,
dean of the Music School. Three of the
numbers were composed by Jean Sibelius,
who was among the recipients of honorary
degrees. Prayer was offered by the Rev.
Dr. Charles E. Jefferson, of New York
City, a member of the Yale Corporation.
Prof. Wilbur L. Cross, of the Scientific
School, presented the candidates for honor-
ary degrees.

For work done in the various depart-
ments of the University the 778 degrees
were conferred as follows: In Yale College,
287 bachelors of arts, 313 bachelors of
philosophy; in the School of Divinity, 27
bachelors of divinity; in the School of Law,
29 bachelors of laws, 6 masters of laws,
2 doctors of laws, 2 bachelors of civil laws;
in the School of Forestry, 24 masters of
forestry; in the Graduate School, 32 doc-
tors of philosophy and 30 masters of arts;
in the Sheffield Scientific School, 1 degree
of electrical engineer, 2 of civil engineer,
8 of mechanical engineer, 4 of engineer of

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 163

mines; in the School of Fine Arts, 1 bachelor
of fine arts and 2 bachelors of music. The
prizes in aU departments were announced
yesterday, and the chief honors were
published in the Evening Post.

Of the men receiving honorary degrees,
the following were awarded the degree of
Master of Arts:

Edwin Howland Blashfield, mural deco-
rator, winner of many prizes, and editor of
Vasari's "Lives of the Painters."

Edward Robinson Baldwin, M.D., right-
hand man of Dr. Trudeau at Saranac Lake,
and an American authority on tuberculosis.

William Herbert Corbin, '89, honored be-
cause of his important work as Connecticut
Tax Commissioner.

Capt. Charles Franklin Craig, M.D., '04,
an officer of the United States Medical Corps,
who has distinguished himself chiefly by work
on malarial and tropical diseases.

John Howland, '04, professor of pediatrics
at Johns Hopkins University.

James Hartness, president of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, inventor of
useful mechanical parts, instruments, etc.

Henry Hun, Ph.B., '74, well-known neu-
rologist and formerly president of the Associ-
ation of American Physicians.

Elliott Proctor Joslin, '90, a physician of
note in Boston, who is connected with the
Harvard Medical School.

Fred Towsley Murphy, *07, professor of
surgery in Washington University, St. Louis.

Oliver C. Smith, president of the Connecti-
cut Medical Society, and a leading surgeon of
Hartford.

( William Francis Verdi, M.D., '94, a leading
operative surgeon of Connecticut.

Miss Mary Emma Woolley, president of
Mount Holyoke College.

Jean Sibelius, the leading Finnish com-
poser, was honored with the degree of
doctor of music. The degree of doctor of
science was conferred upon Edgar Fahs
Smith, provost of the University of Penn-
sylvania and a well-known American chem-
ist, and upon Richard Pearson Strong,
Ph.B., '93, professor in the Harvard Medical
School, an authority on tropical diseases.

Sidney Gulick, professor of theology at
Doshisha, author of *'The Social Evolution
of the Japanese," and influential adviser
of the Japanese and American Govern-

ments on matters of race adjustment on
the shores of the Pacific, received the hon-
orary degree of doctor of divinity.

The following received the degree of
doctor of laws:

William Crawford Gorgas, surgeon-gen-
eral of the United States, chief sanitary
engineer of the Panama Canal, and a
member of the Isthmian Conmussion.

George Wharton Pepper, an eminent
lawyer and a citizen vitally interested in
the work of Christian imity and missions.

R6mulo S. Na6n, Ambassador of Argen-
tina to the United States, formerly Minister
of Education, and a jurist of note.

John Kimberly Beach, 77, formerly of
the firm which for many years has been
the counsel of the University, Associate
Justice of the Supreme Court of Connecti-
cut, and professor of mercantile law and
admiralty jurisprudence in the Yale Law
School.

Peter Ainslee, leader in the Church of
the Disciples, worker in the cause of
Christian unity, and the author of the
standard history of his communion.

A conmiencement week made historical
by the endowment and promise of further
endowment in its centennial year of the
Yale Medical School, was brou^t to a close
by the exercises to-day. In every way, this
week marking the completion of the 213th
year of the conferring of Yale degrees is
generally regarded as a notable one. On
the class reunion side, the usual bizarre
effects have been gained by the adoption
of class costumes. Various classes appeared
as polo players, Colonials, British soldiers,
and Chinese mandarins, and some two
hundred members of the academic triennial
class were decked out as playing-cards.
Many classes report record attendances,
those back for regular reimions including
numerous distinguished sons of the Uni-
versity. One gathers the impression that
this year's commencement has brought
back greater numbers than any previous
occasion, barring, of course, the bicenten-
nial celebration, in the fall of 1901.

Two innovations were tried out this 3rear
on the social side of commencement week.
The so-called "1492 Dinner,'^ inaugurated

164

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Bome years ago to provide a Tuesday eve-
ning dinner for all returning graduates not
included in regular reunion classes, was
taken over by the class secretaries' bureau
and rejuvenated under the more formal
title of the ^'United Graduates' Reunion
Dinner." Held in Woolsey Hall, where the
Newberry organ was used to accompany
the singing of old Latin hymns, and where
the surroundings were conducive to a more
informal and intimate gathering than in
the University Dining Hall, the dinner was
a success under the new auspices. Charles
W. Littlefield, '03, of New York, presided,
and two of the speakers were John H.
Finley, Commissioner of Education of
New York, and Dudley Field Malone. At
the end of the Tuesday evening reunion
celebration, a general alumni gathering on
the College campus brought men of all
classes together. This meeting was an im-
provement on last year's gathering, spec-
tacular fireworks, general singing, and
athletic contests being the features of the
programme.

The final event of the Yale commence-
ment of 1914 was the president's reception
in Memorial Hall this afternoon.

Note — The following two stories show how
the same incident w<is reported in a Chicago
morning paper and in a New York evening
paper of the same day,

COMMENCEMENT INCIDENT

(1)
Chicago Tribune

Champaign, HI., June 17. — [Special.] —
Discipline at the University of Illinois is
not what it used to be in the days when
they decided to make an example of
Porter Gray, the boy who wouldn't go to
chapel.

Chapel cutting in those times was consid-
ered a pretty serious offense; yet here was
the Gray boy back on the campus today
with the full knowledge and consent of the
faculty.

And more than that, the faculty — ^re-
gardless of the fact that it wasn't much

more than twenty-nine years ago that he
was suspended — ^patted him on the back,
defied the rules of dignity by joining the
student body in an oskey wow, wow, and
wound up by making him a bachelor of
science.

Those of the town folk who saw Porter
the day he packed up his other shirt and
collar and marched defiantly into exile re-
marked on his changed appearance on his
return. The hair that fringes the new bald
spot on top of his head is gray, he has
become exaggeratedly roimd shouldered,
and he can't see without the aid of thick
lensed glasses. But that, sajrs Champaign,
is what fast city life will do to any yoimg-
ster.

Porter had not been back at school long
before he met another bad boy — a chap
named Harrison Coates Earl, who got into
trouble with the university authorities and
left as hastily as his classmate, Gray.
Harrison has changed a lot, too. He has
put on flesh, and he says that even without
the recommendation of his alma mater he
got a good position in Chicago as a muni-
cipal judge.

The new school educators in charge at
the university treated Harrison Earl as
they did the Gray boy — only it was a
bachelor of literature they made him.

The two disciplined classmates had been
wandering around the campus unrecog-
nized amid a swarm of hmrrying, nervous
seniors. They met at the bursar's oflSce.

"Here's $5 — ^my diploma fee. I'm Gray,
'85," jerked Porter through the wicket,
when a hand thumped against his back.

"Gray, '85, eh; little Port Gray? Why,
you're suspended for cutting chapel. You'd
better get off the campus before they catch
you."

Gray, *85, whirled around. He recog-
nized the heavy handed speaker.

"Harrison Earl," he cried. "Do you
mean to say they're taking you back, too? "

"Not Harrison, but Judge Earl, if you
please," said the other severely. "Your
guess is right. They've called me back to
get my degree. In a few hours I'll be a
bachelor of literature. I don't know,
though, that it's going to help me any in

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 165

the law, but I'll be glad to get it just the
same. How about you?"

Gray shook his head.

"I'll be a bachelor of science when they
get through with me at the exercises," he
answered. "The degree might have done
me some good — ^twenty-nine 3^ars ago —
but I don't think it'll be of any great assist-
ance to me now. It might make me eligible
to the University club. But they probably
wouldn't want me there. I'm a professional
masseur."

Back in the early '80's seniors at the state
university didn't go in for caps and gowns
at commencement, but it never did take
Porter Gray long to pick ansrthing up.
After looking over the new fangled outfits
on display along the campus, he went into
a shop and rented one for himself.

In cap and gown he paraded into the uni-
versity auditorium with the rest of the can-
didates for degrees. In the section to which
he was ushered he foimd a dozen familiar
faces, all seamed with wrinkles like his own,
and most of them adorned with spectacles.
The owners of the faces remembered him,
too, as he was whispering greetings.

"Will Brown — ^you still alive? Bob Dun-
levy — ^why. Bob, you need a shave. Joe
Holt, did you come all tiie way from Cali-
fornia for this?"

To those of his old schoolmates who
hadn't read of the imiversity's intention of
calling it quits and conferring on him the
degree held back for twenty-nine years.
Gray explained the reason for his return.

Gray told how, after losing his battle for
reinstatement in the courts, he had decided
to cut himself off forever from the univer-
sity ; how the alma mater had forgotten his
existence, and then, with the unearthing of
some old records, had "discovered" him
and offered him a degree.

"If they had not said the first word I
never would have taken it," Gray pro-
tested. "If I had it to do all over again I
would not change my course. I was an
agnostic, and I am one still. They couldn't
drag me to chapel if I thought I could put
the time to better use with my books."

(2)
New York Evening Post

Champaign, HI., June 17. — Suspended
twenty-nine years ago because he was an
agnostic and would not attend chapel.
Porter Gray, of the class of '85, received
his degree of bachelor of science from the
University of Illinois to-day.

Gray was working his way through the
University back in the eighties. It was his
ambition to become a Government ento-
mologist. He was forced to take leave of
absence for one year to earn money to
complete his course.

In spite of his narrow means and close
attention to his studies. Gray began to
acquire a campus reputation as the man
who never went to chapel. Attendance
was compulsory in those days. Selim H.
Peabody, then president of the University,
called Gray on the carpet, but the student
was firm.

"I am an agnostic," he said. "I will
not go to chapel."

"Write a statement that chapel attend-
ance is repugnant to your religious convic-
tions, and that will suffice," said Dr. Pea-
body.

"I will not. I have no religious convic-
tions; I am an agnostic. I simply will not
attend chapel," said Gray.

He was suspended forty days before he
was to have been graduated.

President Edmimd J. James, of the
University, came upon the papers in
Gray's old and forgotten case a short time
ago when he was engaged in rounding up
the old alunmi for a home coming. He
wrote to Gray in Chicago, and urged him
to visit the University.

Gray, embittered by a vain fight that
had taken his last dollar years ago and had
ended only in the State Supreme Court,
to compel the University to give him his
degree, replied curtly that all he wished
the University to do was to forget him.
President James wrote again that chapel
rules were obsolete now, and that they
wanted to give Gray his belated degree.
Gray came here to-day, and from a big
crowd of undergraduates he will hear for

i66

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

the first time the cheer of niinois. College
yella were not much known in Gray's day
here.

UNIVERSITY CLASS DAY

New York Sun

The Colmnbia seniors had an honorary
valedictorian at their class day exercises
yesterday afternoon whose name was not
on the programme but whose presence on
the platform called for ten minutes' con-
tinual cheering. Fifty years after he had
been gnuluated, and upon the eve of his
retirement from the universityi Dean John
Howard Van Amringe became an honorary
member of the class of 1910, and yesterday,
when the class was celebrating its last re-
union as undergraduates, Van Amringe,
'60, made a farewell address to the class.

When the class marched out of the gym-
nasium at the conclusion, the white haired
dean and the senior president went out
side by side, on the ''pilgrimage" to Ham-
ilton Hall, where the cla«i ivy was planted.

The exercises were held early in the
afternoon in a room thronged with the
relatives and friends of the graduates, who
marched into the gymnasium dressed in
academic cap and gown. Robert Scarbor-
ough Erskine delivered the president's
address of welcome. Francis N. Bangs, a
son of Francis S. Bangs, who had much to
do with the abolition of football at Colum-
bia five years ago, was the class historian,
and he divulged class secrets. He made the
statement that a ballot of the class showed
that forty-one of the eighty-seven members
have more than a passing liking for bever-
ages stronger than water, while fifty-two
delight in using tobacco. Bangs did not go
any further into the intimate history of
the class.

Harry Wilson of Sioux Falls, S. D., was
selected the most popular man in the class,
the one who has done most for Columbia,
the most likely to succeed, likewise the
noisiest, and the biggest politician. How-
ard Delane was chosen the best all around
man and the best natured; he was elected
the recipient of the alumni association prize

to the most faithful and deserving student,
which is the highest honor a senior at
Columbia can gain. John Mentil was
elected the best athlete; that distinction he
gained with ease because he has been cap-
tain of a championship basketball team
and is on the varsity baseball team. Clar-
ence Renton won the rather doubtful honor
of being the biggest fusser and likewise the
most foolish man in the class. Sidney Glide
took first place in the race for m(^ con-
ceited and grouchiest while Arthur Schuarz
was designated the laziest, biggest sport
and biggest bluffer.

The statistics of the class as a whole
showed that the average height was 5 feet
10>^ inches, the average weight 151 pounds
and the average age 21 years 5 months,
making the 1910 men the youngest set that
has been graduated from Colmnbia in some
time. Most of the members of the class
were bom and live in New York, although
every part of the country is represented.
Thirty-one men intend to study law, ten
will take up engineering, nine have chosen
medicine and eight will go into business.
The others were hazy as to just what they
were going to do, or were too modest to tell
about their plans. More than half the class
is Republican, and there are only ten Dem-
ocrats. One man declared himself a "Bryan
Republican."

The class decided that Prof. Hervey
was the best teacher and the hardest pro-
fessor to bluff . Prof . Charles Arthur Beard
was elected the most popular professor, and
William Clinton Densmore Odell, a brother
of the ex-Governor and a professor in the
English department, was elected the most
polished. The history department was
considered the best in the university, while
the Freneh department increased its lead
in the contest for the least desirable, get-
ting the fifteenth successive annual vote
for that honor.

Benjamin Berinstein, one of the two
blind men in the class, was elected to Phi
Beta Kappa, with Thomas Alexander,
Paul Williams Aschner, Ernst Phillip Boas,
Mortimer Brenner, Louis Grossbaum, John
Dotha Jones, Russell Thorp Kirby, Her-
man Joseph Muller, William de Forest

EXHIBITIONS, ENTERTAINMENTS, SPECIAL OCCASIONS 167

Pearson, Edward Heyman Pfeiffer, Mau-
rice Picard and RoUo Linsmore de Wilton.

Berinstein stood at the head of the list.
He has studied for the last year in the law
school, having completed the jQrst three
years of his course in the college last June.
James Henry Mullin, the other blind mem-
ber of the class, received commendation
for his work.

Condict W. Cutler read the class poem,
and the class prophecy was delivered by

C. Homer Ramsdell of Newburgh, N. Y.
Geddes Smith of Paterson, N. J., made the
ivy oration, after William Langer and
Dean Van Amringe had delivered their
valedictories.

William Allen White will deliver the
annual Phi Beta Eappa address in Earl
Hall this afternoon, on *'A Theory of
Spiritual Progress.'' In the morning the
seniors and the faculty will play the annual
baseball game on South Field.

CHAPTER IX

ILLNESS AND DEATH

In this class of news stories are included those concerning the illness or
death of persons known in the community or in the world at large, as well
as those dealing with illness, surgical operations, and deaths that are suffi-
ciently unusual to be matters of general interest. Stories of this kind are
primarily informative in character, but the importance of the personal
element permits effective human interest development. Pathetic phases of
illness or death sometimes give value to news that otherwise would be of
slight interest. The seriousness of the subject demands dignity of treatment.

In writing an obituary the purpose should be not only to give biograph-
ical facts but to bring out the significance of a personality. A well written
obituary is a constructive interpretation of the meaning of a person's life
and work.

ILLNESS

Kansas City Star

New York, Nov. 23.— Ye Olde Caxton
Book Shop, Brooklyn, was closed long af-
t&c 7 o'clock yesterday morning. Nobody
stirred behind the brown paper curtains
which hung on a coarse string over an im-
provised cross wall of musty old volumes,
their titles long ago hidden beneath a layer
of dust.

Solicitous neighbors, tradesmen of the
block, children on their way to school
peered eagerly, but vainly, through the
rain-streaked window, beyond careless
rows of less ancient authors and orderless
festoons of classical sheet music. Mere
solicitude increased to anxiety, and anxiety
to fear that an old man, loved by the neigh-
borhood, had died among his treasures.

Some one told the police and two men
came to force the door, with an ambulance
surgeon from the Bushwick Hospital, ready
to give him aid if needed. Richiurd Wright

was not dead, but how much longer he
would have lasted if help had not come is
uncertain. He lay there on a rude couch,
home made and stretched across cases of
books in the back of his store. Hunger,
added to the natural weakness and feeble-
ness of his 78 years, had almost claimed him
for its victim.

"No, no," he feebly said. "Don't take
me to the hospital; I'm too old. I don't
want to cause trouble to anyone. I want
to die quietly among my books."

Nailed against one of the bookcases was
a small notice on black tin, "We refer all
needy cases to the Brooklyn Charity
Bureau."

INDL^ DYING
Milwaukee Free Press

Tse-Ne-Gat is very weary.

Soon he must go on the long, long jour-
ney, following the shadowy trail of all his
people.

ILLNESS AND DEATH

169

For the white man's plague has laid its
ruthless hand upon him, and the white
man's plague has done what the white
man's rifles and the white man's courts
could never do. It has broken the spirit of
Tse-Ne-Gat, and the heart of sorrowful old
Ma Old P(^.

It was while he waited for the white
man's court to sit, that the plague came to
Tse-Ne-Gat. Justice the white man gave
him, but with justice came the league. This
is the story of it:

Tse-Ne-Gat, so the government said,
murdered Juan Chaccm, Mexican sheep-
h^xler, and for the slaying Tse-Ne-Gat
must be hanged. Cowboys and ranchers
rode into the hills to take him, and Tse-Ne-
Gat, his father and a few followers fought
tiiemofF. They had sworn that they would
not jrield to all the armed forces of the
United States, for they knew Tse-Ne-Gat
had not killed the she^)-herder, and the Ute
should not die a shameful death unjustly.

Then Gen. Hugh SooU, U. S. A., rode
into the hills alone. He promised that the
Indian should have justice, and Tse-Ne-
Gat was content. Out of the hills he rode
with Scott, out of the hills and into the
white man's jaO. There he waited until the
white man's court should sit to grant him
Justice.

In the jail were other prisoners, and the
great white plague stalked silently among
them. Tse-Ne-Gat, pining for the hills
and the arroyos and tibe great open spaces
of the Ute reservation, was a shining marie
for its unseen fatal arrows. So Tse-Ne-Gat
began to cough the cough that all men,
white or red, fear most of all, for it has not
even the swift mercy of the rifle bullet.

Attorney W. J. Kershaw, when the call
for his help came from Colorado, left his
office in the Germania building* to appear
as counsel for Tse-Ne-Gat, and before the
court of United States Judge Robert E.
Lewis, in Denver, he acquitted him. And
Tlse-Ne-Gat was free to go back again to
the reservation. Only, the order of the
court could not free him from the white
man's plague, which the white man's jail
had given him.

* Milwaukee.

So Tse-Ne-Gat and old Ma Old Polk
went to a hospital, near Denver. Tse-Ne-
Gat made for himself a long whistle from
the green stalk of a plant. On it he whis«
tied, imitating the calls of the birds he
knew, and so well did he do it that the birdi
answered and came to the yard of the great
hospital. That sight the other sufferers
there loved, the eight of Tse-Ne-Gat
wrapped in his blanket, whistling softly to
the birds that gathered at his feet to eat of
the crumbs he scattered for them when they
answered his call.

More troubles came. The white man's
doctor said that he might not smoke and
live. His cigaret was banished. Ma Old
Polk was determined that he ^ould not
smoke, so she fought the craving with him
as she watched him. Neither did she smoke,
for his sake, and from the deprivation she
suffered more than he, only ahe could slip
out to the reeds by the river now and then
when the demand seemed irresistible.

Back at the reservation, Tse-Ne-Gat
felt better. The call of the woods grew
stronger, and one morning Ma Old Polk
awoke to find that her son and his gun
were missing, gone no one knew where.
That night he retiuned, exhausted and
broken, until he could scarcely bear his
gun. He wrapped himself in his blanket,
too tired even to whistle for the birds.
It was two weeks before the watchful
mother heard of the rabbits Tse-Ne-Gat
had shot but had been forced by weakness
to throw away before he brought them
home.

That is the story that has come to
Milwaukee and to Tse-Ne-Gat's attorney
here, who cannot help him in this fight.
Tse-Ne-Gat still goes walking, but not
so far. He walks as one weary of long
traveling. Sometimes he disappears for
half an hour or more. If the doctors sus-
pect that he is following the example of his
mother and stealing the smoke he loves so
wdl, they say nothing. They have nothing
but sympathy for Tse-Ne-Gett.

Tse-Ne-Gat has sympathy, too, for the
judge who gave him justice. For he has
learned that on the very day that the
stoxy of his own rapidly failing life had

170

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

been reported to Judge Robert E. Lewis
a telegram had come to the judge, telling
him that his father, Col. Warner Lewis,
was dead. Col. Warner Lewis was the only
survivor of an Indian massacre in 1863
near where Coffeyville, Kas., now stands.
And it was the son of that sole survivor of
Indian vengeance who gave justice and
freedom to Tse-Ne-Gat.

SURGICAL OPERATION

MUwavkee SenHnd

The surgeon's knife instead of the re-
formatory; an operation in place of an
application of ''the rod.''

Is this the manner in which wayward
youths are to be made good?

The strange case of Anton Helm, a 14
year old Milwaukee lad, at least lends
emphasis to the vast possibilities for the
skilled surgeon as a reformer of certain
criminally inclined persons.

As he came from a good family, there
seemed to be no hereditary reason why
Anton should be addicted to stealing and
other mischievous acts. His case was a
puzzle until physicians learned that at the
age of 5 he had been the victim of an acci-
dent in which a door had fallen on him and
caused a dent in his skull, and it was their
theory that the consequent pressure on the
brain might have unsettled his mind and
thus affected his actions.

The operation was performed on Oct.
19 in Trinity hospital by Dr, W. C. F.
Witte.

Since then Anton's taciturn, irritable
disposition has given way to ambitious
and honest traits. The operation has not
only meant much for Anton Heim, but is
full of significance as to possibilities along
these lines.

Another case is cited by a Milwaukee
physician wherein a Norwegian youth who
received a skull injury in his childhood
before coming to America, has been rdieved
through a similar operation and ' been
changed from a dependent to a self-sup-
porting man.

'Persons suffering from such skull in-

«'

Junes," explained the phjrsician, "are
irritable, depressed and subject to an idea
that they are being persecuted. This Nor-
wegian lad previous to the operation was
thoroughly shiftless. Now he has been
holding a position for three years and has
recovered his ambition and desire to work
and save money."

SURGICAL OPERATION

Philaddphia Inquirer

WASHINGTON, D. C, Aug. 19.— By
massaging the heart of a colored boy who
was apparently dead, doctors in the
Emergency Hospital succeeded in reviving
him.

The boy was under the influence of
chloroform, and the surgeon was operating
on an infected knee, when respiration sud-
denly ceased. The pulse died and finally
stopped; the body became cold, the limbs
rigid. Artificial respiration was resorted
to, but there was no responding pulsation
of the heart. After six minutes of sus-
pense, during which the physician resorted
to every possible method to revive the
patient, he realized that there was only one
chance to save the boy's life.

With delicate skill he opened the boy's
abdomen and for seven minutes massaged
the patient's heart with his fingers. Fi-
nally, when he was about to give up all
hope, the boy took a faint voluntary breath,
and for sevcoral minutes the heart pulsated
gently. Plying the heart with his tigers to
stimulate circulation of the blood, the phy-
sician after eighteen minutes had the heart
pulsating normally and knew that he had
succeeded in his almost miraculous opera-
tion.

For a day and a half following the opera-
tion the boy remained in excellent condi-
tion and every hope was held out for his
recovery. But the infection of the knee
had spread to the left side and had infected
the glands of the neck. Blood poisoning
set in and, despite all efforts to save him,
the boy succumbed.

The operation on the heart is regarded
by medical students as unique in the annals

ILLNESS AND DEATH

171

of medicine. It also opens up a new field
in surgery, and means, ph3n3icians say, that
many persons who expire while under anes-
thetics may possibly be revived by such
methods.

Within a few months several eminent
physicians of this city will conduct vivi-
section tests to determine how far the heart
massage can be carried. Dogs will be placed
under anesthetics and allowed to succumb,
it is said, so that physicians may determine
after how long an interval an animal appar-
ently dead may be restored by heart mas-
sage.

SUDDEN DEATH

Chicago Inter Ocean

While joking with several fellow em-
ployes over the recent baseball trade be-
tween the Chicago American league base-
ball team and the New York American
league team, Robert Nash, 118 Webster
Place, a clerk employed by Sprague, War-
ner & Co., 600 West Erie street, dropped
dead from heart disease yesterday in his
place of emplo3nuent.

Herman Schweitzer, 2849 Christiana
avenue, a department manager, and J. B.
Willott, 508 Melrose avenue, were hoaxing
Nash about the trade. They told Nash
that the Chicago team had obtained Chase
of the New York team, a "hoodoo," and
that they would be unable to win any more
games.

Nash laughed at their joke and walked
to a chair. He fell to the floor, and was
dead when a physician arrived.

Nash was one of the oldest employes of
the Sprague- Warner company. He had
been in the grocery company for thirty-
seven years. Heart disease is believed to
have caused his death.

ENGINEER'S DYING REQUEST

Boston Herald

CHICAGO, Dec 21— Charles W. Walter,
veteran conductor on the Nickel Plate
Railroad, died yesterday on his run from

Bellevue, 0, to Chicago, and members of the
train crew fought snow and slippery tracks
to carry out Walter's last request that No. 1
be brought in on ^time, thereby preserving
his record of never having been late.

Walter took the train at Bellevue, where
he lived, at 7:55 a m yesterday. An hour
later he became ill and placed the train in
charge of Samuel Wilson, an extra passen-
ger conductor.

"Be sure and bring her in on time, Sam,
and keep my record clean," Walter re-
quested. Stops were shortened to a mini-
mum. The engineer kept the sand running
on the slippery rails, and his fireman hardly
took his hands from the shovel.

Near Leipsic Junction, where doctors
and ambulance awaited, Walter died.
No. 1 pulled into the Lasalle-st Station,
Chicago, on the dot. To the dispatcher,
who was surprised to see him report in-
stead of Walter, Wilson said: " Charlie has
made his last run, and be sure to put it
down we're on time."

WOMAN DIES ALONE

Kansas City Star

Police officers forced their way into the
home of Miss Mary R. Wilson, daughter of
John H. Wilson, a former mayor of Kansas
City, at 961 Cane Street, shortly before
6 o'clock yesterday afternoon, and found
her dead in bed in her room on the second
floor. Dr. Harry Czarlinsky, county coro-
ner, said that the cause of death was pneu-
monia brought on by exposure.

Since the death of her mother seven
years ago. Miss Wilson had lived in the big
house on Cane Street alone. She kept no
servants and her only companion was a pet
dog, Danny. Miss Wilson, who was more
than 50 years old, had ignored the advice of
friends, who believed she should live with
relatives.

She was last seen alive Thursday night,
when Mrs. B. F. Strong, wife of B. F.
Strong, the vicar of St. James Church, who
lives at 965 Cane Street, noticed her mov-
ing about in the rear of the house with a
lamp. Friday passed without either Mis.

172

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Strong or Mrs. Albert Hart, the neighbor
north of the house, seeing Miss Wilson. The
snow had drifted evilly over the front walk
and the blinds at the window were drawn.

Mrs. Hart telephoned Sanford B. Green
and Porter Home, Miss Wilson's attorneys.
Mr. Green called several of Miss Wilson's
intimate friends and was unable to find out
anything of her whereabouts. He then
called the chief of police and asked that a
search of the house be made.

When the officers entered the room, they
found Miss Wilson attired in night clothing
l3ring on her bed. Her pet, Danny, wa&
curled up at the foot of the bed. Weak
from want of food, he growled at the officers.
The coroner said that life had been extinct
twenty-four hours.

A small diary which Miss Wilson had
l^ept for years testified to her illness. An
entry Tuesday read: "I haven't felt well
all day." Wednesday it said; " I think the
weather has brought on an attack of grip. "
Thursday's entry was the last in the book:
''I know I'm in for a bad case of pneu-
monia." No explanation can be given why
Miss Wilson did not get medical attention
when she knew she had pneumonia.

Miss Wilson was a niece of the late David
Brewer, associate judge of the United
States Supreme Court. Her father figured
actively in Kansas City politics as a leader
of the Democratic party and in 1874 was
elected mayor of this city, a position which
he held two years. He was a widely known
business man. Miss Wilson's only sister,
EUa Wilson, died in Leavenworth, Eas.,
in 1865. Her mother, Mrs. Alice Strong
Wilson, died in the family home on Cane
Street in 1907. Miss Wilson had no rela-
tives in Kansas City.

The body was taken to the Stine under-
taking rooms.

DEATH OF VETERAN FIREMAN

Springfield Repvblican

William C. White, 72, veteran fireman,
who was retired from the active service
of the fire department last June after 35
yean of continuous service, died at the

Wesson Memorial hospital yesterday after
a long illness. Mr White had been identi-
fied with the fire service of the city for
more than 50 years. During his period of
active service, Mr White spent most of
his time as engineer, taking charge during
his later years of the engines in the North-
street fire station. During his 35 years of
service, Mr White was absent from his
post only one month, and then on account
of illness. There was probably no man in
the department who was better known or
who was better liked by the men in the
department. He was a skilful machinist,
and his worth to the department was fre-
quently recognized by the different chiefs
under whom he served.

Mr White was bom at Amherst, Octo-
ber 11, 1842. He removed with his parents
to this city when he was 12 years old. He
received his early education in his native
town, and after he came here he attended
the Union-street school. His first employ-
ment was in the United States armory,
where he practically completed his trade
as machinist. He subsequently worked for
Smith & Wesson for four years as tool-
maker, and it was there that he received
the training which fitted him for his work
in the fire department. While he was em-
ployed at the Smith & Wesson shop, he
became a call man in the fire department.
He was appointed to the permanent serv-
ice in 1872, just nine years after he became
affiliated with the department as a call man.

His first active duties were as hose-man.
He was stationed at the old fire station,
formerly located in the rear of where the
Granite building is now. His next work
was as stoker on the Hanson No 2 engine,
stationed on Sanford street. He later be-
came a full-fledged engineer on the old
monitor, George Dwight. Mr White was
later assigned to the Pynchon-street engme-
house, where he served as engineer on the
No 1 engine. He was stationed there from
1872 until 1876. In 1876 he was transferred
to the Bond-street engine-house, where he
remained until his retirement in June. It
was a matter of notable record in the fire
department that during all this time he
ran the old No 1 engine without expenenc-

ILLNESS AND DEATH

173

ing any accidents or having his engine tied
up beci&use of failure to work properly.

When Mr White first became affiliated
with the fire department there were but
four companies, with 26 men each, in serv-
ice in the city. The companies were lo-
cated on Pynchon street, on the HiU, near
the old railroad station, and on Sanford
street. During the early '70's the S3nstem
of naming fire engines was succeeded by
the present system of numbering them.
When Mr White entered the service, L. H.
Powers was chief engineer, and he was suc-
ceeded by Hosea Lombard. It was during
his regime as chief that the present depart-
ment actually came into existence. It is a
singular fact that Mr White saw service in
the department during the period that
Springfield experienced its biggest fires.
From the date of his connection with the
department until his retirement there were
seven very disastrous fires.

During his many years in the depart-
ment he was constantly drafted from one
engine-house to another to do repair work.
His expert knowledge of apparatus made
him invaluable in this respect. When the
company at the Bond-street engine-house
was transferred to the North-street station
several years ago, he went with it and re-
mained there until his retirement, June 15
of this year. Mr White held several pat-
ents on devices used on fire apparatus, but
never troubled to have them put on the
market. Some of these devices, however,
have been used with satisfaction.

Mr White was taken ill last May, and
it was with difficulty that he was persuaded
to leave the active list. He eventually went
to the Wesson Memorial hospital, where
he remained constantly imtil his death
yesterday. Mr White was married, and
for many years lived at 961 Second street.
His wife died a number of years ago, and
since that time he has made his home at the
North-street fire station. He was a mem-
ber of De Soto lodge of Odd Fellows and
of the Firemen's aid association. He leaves
no near relatives, but Arthur Green, secre-
tary of the Putnam woolen mills at Put-
nam, Ct., a cousin, is expected in this city
to take charge of ihe f uneraL

The funeral will be held to-morrow after-
noon at Washburn's chapel. Rev Dr Frank
W. Merrick of Faith church will offici-
ate. The burial will be in the Springfield
cemetery.

DEATH OF A POLITICIAN

New York Times

Martin Engel is dead. This does not
mean anything to those unacquainted with
New York politics, nor to those whose
political interests have been quite recently
developed, but to the "old-time" politi-
cians famUiar with the days when "Boss"
Croker ruled Tammany Hall and "Big
Tim" Sullivan was the man highest up in
the Bowery district the death of Martin
Engel means the passing of another of the
Tanmiany leaders who led when to be an
east side leader was greater than to be a
silk-stocking Republican.

At the age of 68, several years after he
had lost his leadership in the old Eighth
District — "De Ate," to those who were of
it and in it in the "good old days" — Martin
Engel died yesterday in his home at 29 East
Third Street. He made money in his busi-
ness of politics, and it is said that his son,
Alfred S. Engel, will inherit a comfortable
fortune. His death was due to Bright's dis-
ease, from which he had been a sufferer for
some time.

Martin Engel rose to political power
when the inunigrant Jews from Russia,
Rumania, Bohemia, and Hungary began
to crowd the Irish out of the east side.
The son of a "kosher" butcher, he was
bom in the Bowery and began life, after
leaving the public schools, in his father's
butcher shop. After the death of the father
he continued the business, and even after
his business became politics and his ' ' office "
for all important purposes was in "Silver
Dollar" Smith's Hotel, near the Essex
Market Court, he remained the nominal
head of the market, from which fact he
became known in the east side as " Butcher "
Engel.

"Big Tim" Sullivan, Irishman, and
Martin Engel, Jew, were the combination

174

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

that held the power in "De Ate," where
fully 80 per cent, of the fixed and floating
voters spoke Yiddish. Engel was appar-
ently devoted to Sullivan, and was ever
faithful to ''Big Tim" in matters political,
and, until the Republican leader, '' Charley "
Adier, began to make trouble in the Eighth,
he always ''swung the district" at election
time.

Those who followed EIngel as their politi-
cal leader could never, in their own opinion,
exaggerate his virtues. He was generous,
as all Tammany leaders of the east side
have been, and he was successful in "land-
ing jobs" for those who served the party.
Also he was known to have a strong "pull"
with the police, and many an east side
youth who "got in bad" with the authori-
ties owed his liberty to EngeFs influence.
Because of all these things he was the
leader, and because he was the leader he
cultivated the character and quality that
enhanced his leadership.

But to reformers Engel was the per-
sonification of a vice that, though seen with
disturbing frequency, could never be even
endured, much less embraced. In "De
Ate" was what was known for many years
ea "The Red Light District." EngePs
political enemies used to dwell with views
of alarm upon the protection under which
the district thrived, and Engel was always
named as the protector.

Those who have seen Engel remember
as his most striking facial characteristic a
"dented" nose. The bridge of his nose had
been broken, and until his death there was
a depression in the centre of his face that
never failed to attract attention. The scar
was a mark of EngePs rise to political
power. He received the original injury in a
fight years ago — and there have been
stories of this fight to EngePs credit and to
his discredit. The only positive and print-
able fact is that a man who became enraged
against Engel struck him across his nose
with a bung-starter or some other equally
destructive weapon.

Besides "SUver Dollar" Smith's hotel,
which later became the property of Engel
himself, the leader of " De Ate" had several
"headquarters" in the district where those

who knew his habits and haunts might find
him. His home was at 29 East Third Street,
where he died; but in the days of his power
he could be found most often at some of
his "hanging-out" places — such as the
clubrooms of the Martin Engel Associa-
tion, at Ludlow and Grand Streets, or the
old Caf6 Boulevard, in Second Avenue,
where, for a number of years, he regularly
received his henchmen between noon and
3 o'clock.

Although the kind of politics accepted
as legitimate by Engel is passing for the
good of society, there are those in the east
side who will feel real regret for the death
of their former leader, for whatever his
vices were, Engel was S3rmpathetic and
generous in his own way and in his moods,
and many a family would not have eaten
had he not supplied a meal, many a man or
woman would have gone barefoot had he
not furnished shoes. Also, many a "down-
and-outer" would have gone thirsty if
Engel had not " set 'em up" to the drinks.
So, somewhere east of the Bowery, where
there were not many of the Ten Command-
ments, and where a man could raise a very
great thirst, Engel had his friends who will
mourn him now.

DEATH

New York Evening Poet

The odor from the chestnut roasters is
as fragrant as ever, the heaped-up mounds
of lettuce and kale on the mile of push
carts are just as crisp and green, and there
is the same glistening sheen on the pyra-
mids of green and scarlet peppers, but,
nevertheless, things seemed altogether dif-
ferent in Mulberry Bend to-day. There was
less noise, the hurdie-gurdies were not
playing, and groups of dark-haired women
talked solemnly on the comers.

Down in front of No. 26 there were many
children looking into the window, but, un-
like children of the Bend, making no noise.
That's where the cause of all this change
was. For No. 26 is Charles Bacigalupo's
chapel and undertaking rooms, where for
twenty-eight years the services for the

ILLNESS AND DEATH

I7S

dead of the Italian colony have been held;
and nowi — ^Bacigalupo himself is dead.

He was much more than an undertaker.
He was a benefactor of the quarter, a man
with a motto of his own that he lived up
to. It hardly could be called a business
motto, btit Bacigalupo always adhered to
it in his business, and it was that no Italian
should be buried in the Potter's Field, if
he could help it.

A north of Italy man and a devout Cath-
olic himself, ''Charlie,'' as the colony called
him, never asked what a dead man's reli-
gion had been or whether he was Sicilian,
Neapolitan, or Genoese. The chapel was
always open, day and night, and there was
always a hearse and at least one carriage
ready whether there was anything to pay
for them or not.

It was so in the beginning, twenty-eight
years ago, when Bacigalupo, who had come
to the country when he was thirteen, de-
cided that he would no longer work for
undertakers by day and black boots on
Broadway in the evening, but go into busi-
ness for himself.

He had saved money enough then to buy a
second-hand hearse and a dilapidated hack.
At the outset he had to hire the horses,
and the only room in which he could do his
work was the one room in which he lived.

Within a week after this start an Italian
was murdered on Mulberry Street. No-
body knew him, and the body, after the
coroner had got his routine description of
all the knife wounds for repetition in court,
was to go to Potter's Field — after the usual
custom. But Bacigalupo changed the cus-
tom so far as Mulberry Bend was con-
cerned. There was a real funeral in his room
for the unknown victim of the stiletto, and
the man who could not afford to kee^ his
own horses did all the work and paid all
the bills.

That was when the motto was adopted,
and the records at Bacigalupo's chapel to-
day show that he has saved nearly a thou-
sand ''unknowns" and "unfortunates"
from the Potter's Field.

Most of them were Italians, but some
were the more unfortunate white girls of
Chinatown.

He prospered in spite of all this free serv-
ice and he has averaged three funerals a
day for ten days. From the one room his
place developed into a whole floor, and
for the living room in which services were
held for that murdered Italian twenty-eight
years ago, there was substituted a fine
chapel with altar fires and many pictures
and tapestries, which Bacigalupo brought
from Rome on his return from frequent
visits to his home country.

But as gorgeous and elegant as the place
became, in the eyes of the Italian quarter,
it was still free for all who could not pay.

Bacigalupo never talked about these
things himself when asked about his busi-
ness life in the Bend. It was his private
business, the number of big black hearses
he sent, free of charge, for the laborers
who had died while out of work, and the^
number of small white hearses with the
angel figures on the side which he had
provided for the children whose parents
were penniless. Neither would he talk
about the times he had paid other people's
coal bills or put a stop to dispossession pro-
ceedings by pa3dng the rent of people whom
he simply knew as Italians.

And only his intimate associates knew
that he owned a half-acre in Greenwood
Cemetery and another big lot in Calvary,
in which he put the bodies which otherwise
would have gone to the graveyard of the
morgue's unknown.

All these things Bacigalupo was remark-
ably reticent about. On the other hand,
l^ere were some things that he liked to
boast of. He used to say, for instance, that
the proudest day in his life was that in
which he drove, himself, the second coach
in Gen. Grant's funeral. He groomed his
own horses for that procession.

And when Meucci, the Italian patriot
who came over with Garibaldi, died on
Staten Island Bacigalupo had charge of the
big Italian funeral service, in Tammany
Hall, and it was the undertaker of Mulberry
Bend who prepared the revolutionist's body
for shipment to Italy.

When King Humbert was assassinated
Bacigalupo had charge of the memorial
service in this city. And now the most con-

176

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Bpicuous pictures at the entrance to the
chi^sel are those of the dead King and of
lYesident McKinley, both nearly life sixe.

Bacigalupo also took a little pardonable
pride in the fact that his estabMiment had
grown to include a big stable with 250
horses, 10 hearses, and many coaches; that
he had the only automobile hearse in town,
and that it was he who introduced the cus-
tom of having dirge-playing bands in the
funeral processions on the Bend.

Four years ago Bacigalupo went to Rome
to present to the Pope $5,000 which had
been contributed by the inmiigrants in the
Italian quarter, and to the money lie added
as his own gift a wonderful jewelled robe
for his holiness. The Pope granted him an
audioice and gave him his picture and
autograph, whidi Bacigalupo brought ba/ck
to Mulberry Street.

Then there was that wonderf id Chinese
funeral several years ago when the bones
of nine Chinamen were removed from a
Brooklyn cemetery and sent back to the
ancestral graveyards in China. Bacigalupo
had that affair, and it overtaxed even his
stable resources, for there were 300 coaches
in the procession that wound through the
streets of Chinatown, all filled with China-
men, while the rest of the Mott and Pell
Street colony walked behind over the route
laid out for them by the Italian.

These were the things that the under-
taker was willing to talk about when he was
asked what he had done in America. But
they are of secondary importance on the
Bend to-day. It is the coal bills, and helps
with the rent in hard times, and the free
funerals that everybody in the quarter, in-
cluding the policemen on their beats and
the one black native from Abyssinia who
'speaks Italian, are talking about now that
ijie crepe is on Bacigalupo's own door.

DEATH OF GREAT EDITOR
Philadelphia Ledger

KANSAS CITY, Mo., April 13.— Colonel
William RockhiU Nelson, founder, owner
and editor of the Kansas City Star, died
at his home here this morning. He was

74 years old, and had been confined to his
home since last December. Uremic poison-
ing caused his death.

Colonel Nelson took an active part in
the management of the Star until about
a month ago, for even after his illnesB
began members of the Star staff gathered
at his bedside several times weekly for dis-
cussion of questions of editorial policy. At
these conferences he dictated editorials and
outlined ideas for cartoons and special
news articles. Although his physicians
advised against ibis activity, he reminded
them that it was in the building of the Star
he had been happiest.

A day or so before he became uncon-
scious Colonel Nelson said to a friend:

''The Lord has been far better to me
than I deserve. I have had a long and happy
life, with great opportunities for usefulness.
My only regret is that I have not accom-
plished more. If this is the end, I am
ready."

Throughout his fllness the problem of
the poor was of intense concern to him.
He made large gifts to local charitable
institutions and was absorbed in the work
of a soup kitchen, which his daughter,
Mrs. Kirkwood, inaugurated and con-
ducted.

While no formal statement was made, it
was announced that ''as far as is humanly
possible, the Star will be conducted in
accordance wiih the aims and ideas of
Mr. Nelson."

Although Colonel Nelson did not enter
the newspaper field until he was neariy
40 years old, he brought to it such ability
and energy that he built up one of the
greatest newspapers of the country. He
was bom in Fort Wayne, Ind., in 1841,
and was educated at Notre Dame Univer-
sity. After a short experience in cotton
growing he became a general contractor.
When 34 years old he was Samuel J. Til-
den's Indiana campaign manager.

His interest in political leader^p caused
him to turn to newspaper work. He bou^t
an interest in the Fort Wa3me Sentinel and
a business reverse caused him to decide to
devote all his time to journalism. He and
his Fort Wayne partner, Samuel E. Moeb8»

ILLNESS AND DEATH

177

went to Kansas City and started the Eve-
ning Star on September 18, 1880. Mr. Moras
withdrew after a few months.

When the Kansas City Times failed, in
1901, the Star bought that paper and its
news franchise. The venture proved a
marked success, and the Star now has a
circulation, morning and evening, of more
than 200,000 a day.

In politics Colonel Nelson was, as he
often said, "independent, but never neu-
tral." He never would consider any elec-
tive or appointive position.

- DEATH OF COLLEGE DEAN

New York Evening Post

John Howard Van Amringe, former dean
of Colimibia College, where for half a cen-
tury he endeared himself to thousands of
Btudents,'who knew him best as '' Van Am,"
died suddenly yesterday at the Keeler
House, in Morristown, N. J. Professor Van
Amringe, who was seventy-nine years old
last spring, retired from the Columbia fac-
ulty five years ago, and for some time
past his health has been failing. He suf-
fered a stroke of apoplexy just before
luncheon, and died within an hour. EOls
daughter, Miss Emily Van Amringe, was
with him.

The story of the venerable ex-dean's life
is almost a history of Columbia College for
the last fifty-odd years. To Columbia men
he was more than a teacher. As Charles
Halsted Mapes remarked, when the alimmi
presented a bronze bust of the dean to the
Columbia University Club, in 1913: "Van
Am has become more than a mere man to
us; he is a sentiment. What the Yale fence
is to Yale, the ivy to Princeton, Van Am is
to Columbia — a tangible, concrete expres-
sion of sentim^Dit to which our memories
lovingly ding."

He was bom at Philadelphia, on April 3,
1836, the son of William Frederic and Susan
'Budd (Sterling) Van Amringe. His grand-
father, Lionel Van Amringe, was a soldier
under Frederick the Great, and emigrated
from Holland in 1791. His family removed
from Philadelphia to New York in 1841.

He received most of his early education
from his father, but was later sent to the
Montgomery Academy, Orange County,
N. Y., where his father was instructor for
a time. In 1854 he entered Yale, and would
have graduated in 1858, but left the Col-
lege at the end of his sophomore year and
taught private pupils for two years. In the
fall of 1858 he entered Columbia College
as a member of the junior class, graduating
with the degree of BA. in 1860.

Van Amringe, the undergraduate, dis-
played a fondness for mathematics and
debating, and in after years these were
always his favorite subjects. Those who
listened to him in more recent years, ad-
dressing undergraduate mass meetings or
i^)eaking at alumni reunions, or presenting
some distinguished candidate for 1^ or
that honorary degree on commencement
day, could trace his flow of oratory back
to its beginnings in the classroom, where,
as a student, he used to hold forth in the
presence of old Professor Naime, who
taught moral and intellectual philosophy
and literature. Naime had a way of hold-
ing impromptu debates in the classroom,
pitting one student against another. But
it was in mathematics that Van Amringe
excelled, and he taught this subject to
generations of Columbia men.

When Van Am came to Columbia he
was possessed of a brilliant head of red hair,
which in later years turned white. He also
wore flowing moustaches, and these became
immortalized in l^e song that Colimibia
men never tire of singing:

D*ye ken Van Am with his snowy hair,
D'ye ken Van Am with his whiskers rare,
D*ye ken Van Am with his martial air, •

As he crosses the Quad in the morning?

CHORUS.

The sight of Van Am raised my hat from my head.
And the sound ot his voice often filled me with

dread,
Oh, I shook in my boots at the things that he nid
When he asked me to call in the morning.

Yes, I ken'd Van Am, to my sorrow, too,
When I was a freshman of verdant hue. I
First a cut, then a bar, then an interview
With the Dean in his den in the morning.

But we love Van Am from our heart and soul.
Let's drink to hiBhealthI Let's finish the boidl

178

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Well twMur by Van Am through fair and through

foul,
' And wiah him the top o' the morning.

D'ye ken Van Am with his fine old way.
The Dean of Columbia for many a day?
Long may he live and long may he stay
Where his voice may be heard in the morning.

One of his undertakings at Columbia was
the organization of the Alumni Association
of Columbia College, which he began as
soon as he had become an alumnus himself.
The Association was then more dead than
alive, but through his efforts it has become
the most flourishing and influential of all
the Columbia alumni organizations.

The dean had few outside interests; his
life was devoted almost entirely to Colum-
bia, and the few other activities in which
he engaged were closely allied to his work
at the College. He fma a member of the
American Mathematical Society and of
the New York Historical Society, and, at
one time, was president of the New York
Mathematical Society. He was also a fel-
low of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and a vestryman
of Trinity Church. Some years ago he
edited a series of Davies's mathematical
works.

As prime mover in the organization of
the Columbia University Club, he was its
first president, and there never has been
any other.

As an authority on matters relating to
ttie history of the University he was with-
out an equal. He wrote a ''History of
Columbia College," and to the volume
known as ''Universities and Their Sons"
he contributed the Columbia section.

One of the things that endeared him most
to Columbia men was his championship of
football. In 1905, after Columbia had been
severely criticised for her football tactics,
and the faculty, in a historic meeting, de-
cided that the sport should be dropped,
the Dean was the only friend the under-

graduates had. In that meeting he took
tiie stand of the undergraduates and ear-
nestly championed the game. After the
close of the football season of 1906 more
than two thousand students stormed the
Faculty Club, where the Dean was at lunch,
and, after singing his song, demanded that
he make a speech to them on football. They
told him they wanted football, and he said:
" I know that, but you know I cannot give
it to you. You have behaved as I have
always known you to behave, with propri-
ety and dignity, and if you keep on there's
no telling what you may get."

Football will be play^ once more at
Columbia this year, and more than one
alumnus will regret that the venerable Van
Am is not in the stands when the opening
game is played on South Field.

At the time when Columbia began to
expand from a college to a university of
many departments, the proposal to do
away with the college altogether, and to
convert Columbia into a group of graduate
schools, was considered. The idea " took"
with some of the authorities, and had it not
been for vigorous opposition, in which Van
Am took a leading part, it is not unlikely
that the change would have been made.

When it became known, in the spring
of 1910, that the dean was to retire, the
students prepared a petition to the faculty,
asking them to place him on the roll as dean
emeritus. The parchment was afterward
framed and hung in the Trophy Room.

At the dinner given by the Columbia
alumni to celebrate Dean Van Amringe's
fiftieth year of connection with the Uni-
versity, the presiding officer read from
Oliver Wendell Holmes's class-day poem,
and turned to the venerable dean as he
quoted:

Was it anowing, I spoke of. Excuse the mistake!
Lodk close — and you'll see not a sign of a flake!
We want some new garlands for those we have shed.
And these are white roses instead of the red.

CHAPTER X

POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

Most political news falls into one of the general classes of stories already
considered. Party conventions, campaign meetings, political speeches, in-
terviews with candidates and party managers, for example, are treated like
similar material in other fields. Elections, on the other hand, require a
different handling. Three common kinds of election stories are: (1) an
analysis of political conditions preceding an election with or without a
forecast of the result, (2) a description of election day conditions and events,
(3) the results of the election.

Although some newspapers are sufficiently independent in politics to
treat political news without partisan bias, many papers still present such
news from the point of view of their editorial policy. There is a growing
tendency, however, to present both sides fairly in news colunms and to
confine partisanship to editorials.

Election return stories consist largely of summaries of the most important
results of the election, such as: (1) the candidates elected and defeated,
(2) the majority or plurality of the successful candidates, (3) the effect of
the election on the political complexion of legislative bodies, (4) causes of
victory and defeat, (5) statements by candidates and party managers in
regard to the results.

POLITICAL FORECAST

Springfield Republican

Estimates as to the relative strength of
the three leading political parties are at
variance, but some of the best informed
politicians are of the opinion that the
alignment this year will be vastly different
from what it was last year. Local political
workers are of the opinion that the repub-
lican vote for governor in this section this
year will be much larger than it was last
year. This contention is made by promi-
nent republicans who have canvassed the

western counties very carefully, and who
have done considerable campaign work in
this section. Their predictions are made
on the ground that the republican candi-
date last year antagonized a large element
in the party, who either voted for Gov
Walsh or for Mr Bird or did not vote at all.
The check lists in almost every town and
city in Western Massachusetts, with the
exception of a few places in Berkshire,
showed that the average republican vote
last year was about 75 per cent of the nor-
mal vote of the party.
The leaders figure that Mr McCall will

i8o

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

command a large percentage of the repub-
lican vote that was lost last year. They
likewise figure that both Joseph Walker
and Gov Walsh will suffer serious defec-
tions thiis year. They believe that Mr
Walker will not poll more than two-thirds
of the vote polled by Mr Bird last year.
They figure that Gov Walsh will lose at
least 5 per cent of his vote of last year.
If these predictions should come true, they
say that Mr McCall would profit by the
defections from the other candidates. This
would mean a close call for Gov Walsh and
possibly his defeat.

While the democrats and progressives
express confidence that their respective can-
didates will be winners, poUticians who are
not showing any active interest in the cam-
paign believe that the contentions made by
the republicans deserve consideration. Fig-
uring on the basis of last year's vote, local
republicans predict that Gov Walsh will
be fortunate if he receives 175,000 votes.
This would mean a loss of about 8000
from his vote of last year. Should the
|»*ogre8sives poll 80,000, they would suffer
a loss of about 43,000 on the vote for gov-
ernor. These defections would probably
go to Mr McCall, who then would come
very close to defeating the democratic
candidate. The figures submitted are not
impossible, as the vote last year indicates.
Mr Bird, then candidate for governor, ran
far ahead of the other candidates on the
progressive ticket. This in itself shows that
l^e true strength of the party was more
nearly represented in the vote cast for the
other candidates on the ticket than for the
candidate for governor.

Western Massachusetts may not prove
to be such a tremendous factor in deciding
the campaign this year, but if the signs
of the times are read correctly, Mr McCall
will receive an unusually large vote through-
out this section of the state. It is quite
probable that Mr Walker may command
a sizeable vote, but his strength is not ap-
parent now. The injection of prohibition
into the progressive campaign is thought
to have injured the Walker cause, not be-
cause the average progressive is opposed to
prohibition, but because many of them

believe that the cau^ of prohibition should
be confined to the party that raised it as an
issue. The enthusiasm which character-
ized the progressive campaigns in the two
years past is noticeably absent this year.
Try as the leaders will, they cannot raise
the excitement of former years, and this
is not a healthy sign in the opinion of those
who have followed politics closely.

The progressives, however, maintain that
they have not suffered any losses, and they
again predict a large vote this fall. Richard
J. Talbot, chairman of the progressive city
committee, claims that one-third of the
new registration will be found voting with
the progressives on election day. Mr Talbot
likewise goes on record as predicting that
the contest for governor this year will be
between Mr Walsh and Mr Walker. He
believes that Mr McCall will run third, as
Mr Gardner did last year.

The progressives and the democrats will
follow closely on the heels of the republican
spellbinders who will invade the city Mon-
day evening. A big republican rally is
planned for that evening when Mr McCall,
Senator Burton and Congressman Gillett
will be heard. The local republican city
committee has planned a reception for the
candidates from 7.15 until 8 o'clock. The
rally will be held in the Auditorium. The
democrats will hold their rally in the Audi-
torium on Wednesday evening, the 28th,
and it is possible that the progressives will
follow on the 29th or 30th.

ELECTION DAY

New York Times

The fair weather and the fact that the
new modified Massachusetts ballot gave
the voters little trouble made ideal condi-
tions yesterday for rapid voting.

Voters began to crowd polling places
within five minutes after the polls opened
at 6 o'clock. They voted in steady streams
until 9 o'clock, when the first lull set in,
and a tabulation of figures revealed the fact
that nearly half the votes were cast.

It was a record for early voting for any
election in recent years. By noon 65 per

POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

i8i

cent, of the total vote was in, and at 4
o'clock reports indicated that the late after-
noon rush would be inconsequential, as 85
per cent, of the vote had already been cast.
The total vote was recorded in several
election districts more than an hour before
the polls were scheduled to be closed.

Trouble had been expected from the new
ballots, but as voter after voter emerged
from the voting booths within a minute
after entering, the watchers began to gain
confidence that the day would pass without
serious confusion.

In the districts near Columbia Univer-
sity some voters took as long as nine min-
utes to vote, their extreme deliberation
indicating that they were splitting their
tickets with much care. In the downtown
districts political parties set up sample
voting places as near to the polls as the law
would allow. With sample ballots and the
aid of instructors, they taught the voters who
had not had the opportunity to familiarize
themselves with the new ballots earlier,
how to vote in the normal amount of time.

The "place of stay" voters were con-
spicuous by their absence. Watchers for
the Honest Ballot Association, who were
employed in squads of 100 members each,
scoured the city with warrants for the
arrest of men who were suspected, but they
went empty-handed for the most part,
although they challenged a few suspects.

One young man became very indignant
and wanted to fight when challenged. He
rushed into the office of Supt. of Elections
Voorhis, denouncing eveiybody in general
connected with the election, and demanding
that an escort be given to him to see that
he got his legal chance to vote. He was
asked where he voted last year and he said
in New Jersey, insisting, however, that he
had lived here a year since that time. Supt.
Voorhis with a smile informed the young
man that the election last year was on
Nov. 4, so that if he swore in his vote this
year he "would be taking a pretty long
chance." He changed his belligerent mood
at once and left, with thanks for Mr.
Voorhis's warning.

The only serious quarrel of the day oc-
curred at the opening of the polls in the

Fourteenth Election District of the Eighth
Assembly District at 180 EMridge Street.
A Democratic Captain objected to Joseph
Strulowitz as a member of the Board of
Inspectors. Strulowitz was supported by
Misha H3rmowitz, Chairman of the board,
and a seventeen-minute argument ensued
that sometimes grew so warm that by-
standers had to separate the contenders.

While it lasted not a single vote could
be cast, and it was finally settled by the
protests of more than 100 voters, who
urged that they had to be on their way to
work and couldn't afford to stand about
just to see a row. Strulowitz finally was
permitted to take his place. Supt. Voorhis
had to send a Special Inspector to a Brook-
lyn election district on receiving a report
from a Deputy that only three Inspectors
instead of four, as provided by law, were
on duty.

Mr. Voorhis sent out 300 Deputies in a
search for election frauds. Upon receiving
reports from them as to the speed and
quietness of the voting throughout the
city, Mr. Voorhis announced that it was
the quietest and most smoothly working
Election Day he had ever known.

The entrance of former football stars
into the business of watching the polls
provided in some districts an element of
interest that almost overshadowed the
voting. L. Bigelow, Jr., Captain of Yale's
football team in 1907, led the football forces
that had volunteered as watchers. He was
the centre of admiring throngs of boys
when he visited voting places in lower Fifth
Avenue. With him were Walter Logan and
John Eilpatrick, ends on the Yale team in
1910; "Pop" Foster, a Yale tackle in 1908;
Arthur Howe, an All-American quarter
back, selected from the Yale team of 1910;
S. D. Baker of Princeton, and "Big Ed"
Farley of Harvard.

The football squad worked with 250
college men, who were registered as mem-
bers of the Volimteer Watchers' League
and were under the direct control of Assist-
ant District Attorney Weller. Some of
them remained in automobiles at the
Criminal Coinrts Building ready to respond
on an instant's notice to any call for help.

l82

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

A bit of humor that enlivened the day
in the upper east side was contributed by
the fact that four Election Inspectors, a
baUot clerk, a poll clerk, and a policeman
had to remain on duty all day at an elec-
tion district where the entire vote was cast
at 9 o'clock and there was no possible pros-
pect of getting any more votes through the
long day's wait. The voteless watch oc-
curred at the Forty-seventh Mection Dis-
trict of the Nineteenth Assembly District
at McGowan's Pass Tavern in Central
Park. At 8: 58 o'clock 50 per cent, of the
district's vote was cast when Max Boehm
cast his vote, and the other 50 per cent,
was cast when Max Boehm's son Bertrand
emerged from the booth two minutes later.
They were the only two registered voters
in the district.

Women from the Women's Political
Union visited the different poUing places
distributing suffrage literature. The women
were on duty, some of them from 6 A. M.,
and they remained until the close. Hun-
dreds of women passed in and out of the
headquarters of the union at 25 East Forty-
fifth Street during the day to get literature
and directions for distribution. Mrs. Har-
riot Stanton Blatch, the President, was at
623 Columbus Avenue, her own district,
with her daughter and little granddaughter,
l^e latter distributing literature with her
elders. Mrs. John Winters Brannan was
at the polls in the cigar shop, 103 West
Forty-sixth Street, and Miss Anna Con-
stable, at 631 Park Avenue. Polling places
on the lower east side were thoroughly
covered by the women.

STATE ELECTION RESULTS

New York World
(Lead only)

By a change of more than 330,000 votes the electors of New York State yes-
terday brought about these results:

Swept the Democratic party from the control of the New York State govern-
ment by electing Charles S. Whitman, the Republican candidate. Governor by a
plurality of 129,642 over Martin H. Glynn, Democrat.

Elected James W. Wadsworth jr.. Republican, to the seat in the Senate now
held by Elihu Root, over James W. Gerard, by a pliurality of probably 55,000.
Mr. Gerard, however, ran many thousands of votes ahead of Mr. Glynn, not only
in the City of New York but in the country districts. He received 132,000 i^ural-
ity in New York City; Mr. Glynn 57,000.

Turned over to the Republicans the control of both branches of the Legisla-
ture, the next Senate probably containing 32 Republicans and 19 Democrats, and
the Assembly 106 Republicans and 44 Democrats.

Reduced the Democratic representation in the New York delegation to i;he
House of Representatives from 31 to 23.

Gave a surprisingly large vote to William Sulzer, the Prohibition-Progres-
sive-American candidate for Governor, not only in the country districts, but in
the Tammany stronghold of Manhattan. He carried Steuben County by 300.

Showed a slump in the Progressive vote in every part of the State, in some in-
stances the number of ballots cast for Mr. Davenport, the Progressive candidate
for Governor, being negligible. The total Progressive vote was apparently about
one-fifth of the 393,183 given Mr. Straus two years ago.

POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

183

STATE ELECTION RETURNS
New York Times

PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 3.— Boies Pen-
rose was re-elected to the United States
Senate today by a plurality approaching
100,000.

Dr. Martin Brumbaugh, Republican
candidate for Governor, was elected by
more than 125,000, and the entire Repub-
lican State ticket was. swept into office,
according to latest unofficial returns from
all parts of Pennsylvania.

This estimate is based upon the heavy
Republican vote polled in Philadelphia
and Pittsburgh and the sweep of the Re-
publican column in such Democratic strong-
holds as Lehigh and Lycoming Counties.

The commanding lead of the Republi-
cans indicates that the Democratic delega-
tion in the National House of Representa-
tives will be reduced from twelve to seven,
the Progressive delegation reduced from
seven to two, and the Republicans increased
from 17 to 27.

The Republicans will have a large ma-
jority in both Houses of the State Legis-
lature.

Until late tonight, Democratic State
leaders claimed the election of Vance
McCormick, Democratic candidate for
Grovemor, by 135,000, despite the all-
apparent Republican victory. Progressive
State leaders admitted defeat shortly before
midnight.

A. Nevin Detrick, State Chairman of
the Progressive Party, said tonight:

Retoms indicate an overwhelming vio-
tory for Penrose and Brumbaugh. I at-
tribute this vote to a revulsion against the
Democratic Administration and the belief
on the part of the electorate that the Re-
publican Party is the instrument through
which there will be a revival of prosperity.

State issues seem to have been lost
sight of by the voters, and the entire re-
sult is apparently based on national tra-
ditions. Returns from over the State are
too meagre to predict from as to the dis-
trict, Congressional, and Legislative can-
didates, but there is little doubt that the
returns for the head of the ticket will
prevail throughout the list.

Gifford Pinchot, Progressive candidate
for United States Senator, said:

During the campaign j ust ended, I made
the statement that, win or lose, I would
keep on with the fight for the conser-
vation of natural resources for the use of
the people, against the monopolies and
special interests, and in particular against
the kind of government that Penrose rep-
resents. I reaffirm that statement now.

A. Mitchell Palmer, Democratic candi-
date for United States Senator, ran second,
with Pinchot, Progressive, third. Palmer
commanded a much larger vote than had
been conceded by the opposition leaders.

The four Republican Congressmen at
large, Scott, Crago, Lafean, and Garland,
were elected, and the Republicans in all
probability have carried into office nine-
teen of the twenty-seven members of the
State Senate;

Latest returns from this city indicate
that Brumbaugh carried Philadelphia by
a majority of 115,000 and Penrose by
100,000. Republican leaders in Philadelphia
asserted that this sweep meant that the full
Philadelphia delegation of six Congressmen
had been won by the Republicans. ? '

The vote throughout Pennsylvania was
exceptionally heavy, and it is estimated
that upward of 1,000,000 citizens went to
the polls.

While no estimate of the complete
Pinchot vote is yet possible, it is believed
that Col. Roosevelt's recent invasion of
Pennsylvania aided little in bringing sup-
port.

CITY ELECTION RETURNS

8t Louis Okibe-Democrai

The St. Louis vote in Tuesday's election
was a landslide for the Republicans.

The tabulated vote from all the 474 pre-
cincts shows majorities ranging from 3000
to 25,000. The St. Louis County vote also
was carried by the Republicans.

The final count shows that the Demo-
crats elected only one congressman, three
members of the Legislature, four justices
of the peaoe and four constables.

i84

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

The home rule police and excise la^ro car-
ried in St. Louis by a maiority of 8400.
The vote in the state, however, defeated
the home rule laws.

The woman suffrage amendment re-
ceived a hard blow in St. Louis, the major-
ity against it being 57,135.

The total Republican and Democratic
vote in St. Louis is estimated at 114,000.
The vote of the Progressive party almost
disappeared. Arthur N. Sager, the Pro-
gressive candidate for United States sena-
tor, polled only 1600 votes.

The Socialist vote, which has not been
tabulated, is estimated at about 8000.

The Republican ticket was led by How-
ard Sidener, candidate for re-election for
prosecuting attorney. His plurality was
more than 25,000 over Walter A. Kelly,
the Democratic candidate. The plurality
of Louis Alt for license collector was over
25,000. He defeated Dennis P. O'Brien,
Democrat.

Earl Eimmel defeated Glendy B. Arnold,
who led the Democratic judicial ticket, by
3000 votes. George H. ^udds. Republican,
had a plurality of 15,378 ovor John J.
O'Brien, low man on the Democratic judi-
cial ticket.

By a majority of more than 14,000 ovex
Edward A. Feehan, Democrat, Charles W.
Holtcamp was re-elected probate judge.
For each of the more important offices,
the Republican candidates' pluralities ex-
ceeded 12,000.

By the election of L. C. Dyer in the
Twelfth District over John P. Collins, the
Republicans will gain one congressman
from St. Louis. Henry A. Hamilton, the
Republican candidate in the Eleventh Dis-
trict, was defeated by William L. Igoe by a
plurality of more than 1900. Collins lost
to Dyer by 2100.

Jacob E. Meeker, Republican candidate,
was elected in the Tenth District by a
plurality over Francis M. Curlee of more
than 14,000 in the city. Meeker, who will
succeed Richard Bartholdt, had a large
majority in St. Louis County.

The Democrats elected their representa-
tives in the Legislature from the Third
District only, ^ successful candidateB

being J. J. Moroney, Charles Rizso and
Martin Ward.

The Republicans elected three state sen-
a,tom and thirteen members of the House
of Representatives. The Section gives the
Republicans of St. Louis sixteen votes in
the General Assembly of the state.

A. C. Wiget, Jr., defeated Maurice J.
Cassidy, the Democratic incumbent from
the Thirteenth District, in the State Senate.

Four justices of the peace were elected
by the Democrats — ^Edward Rice winning
over Col. Dick Johnson in^ the Third Dis-
trict, Andrew Gaszolo and Rod Gorman
being elected in the Fifth District, and James
P. Miles winning in the Sixth District.

George Grassmuck, Republican, defeated
Andrew Scully, member of the House of
Delegates, for justice of the peace in the
Eighth District by a large plurality. W. D.
Moore, Republican, defeated Robert J.
Carroll, Democrat, in the Ninth Distaiot.

Lawrence P. Dal^, Democratic city
oommitteeman in the Seventeenth Ward,
was defeated for constable in the Fourth
District. The Democrats elected only
three constables. Daley led Turpin in the
voting, but fell behind Floyd E. Bush, Re-
publican, who was elected.

Republican majorities were piled up in
the First, Second, Ninth, T^th, Elev-
enth, Twelfth, Hiirteenth, Fourteenth and
Twenty-fia!Bt wards.

VOTE ON LIQUOR ISSUE

Chicago Record-Herald

Richmond, Va., Sept. 22. — [Special.] —
Virginia will join the other dry states
Nov. 1, 1916, a majority of the voters of
the state having cast their ballots to-day
in favor of state-wide prohibition. Anti-
liquor forces carried the election by not less
than 25,000.

The cities of Alexandria, Danville, Nor-
folk and Richmond were the only ones that
gave a majority against state-wide prohi-
bition. Richmond voted 4,287 for prohibi-
tion and 6,011 against. The vote in the
twenty cities of the state was 21,726 for and
19,699 against state-wide prohtt>ition. .

POLITICS AND ELECTIONS

i8S

Scattering returns from all the counties
show heavy dry majorities.

The surprise of the day was the vote
in Petersburg, 2,122 for state- wide prohi-
bition and 1,123 against. The wets had
figured on carrying that city as well as
Newport News, which went dry by a vote
of 1,024 to 761.

In Alexandria, the home of a large
brewery, the vote was 387 for and 1,132
against. Bristol, which voted wet in the
l^t local option election, voted 424 to 282
for state- wide prohibition.

Roanoke joined the dry column by a
vote of 2,329 for and 1,226 against, and
the vote in Lynchburg was 1,713 for and
973 against.

The counties of Amelia, Page and Greene

are the only ones so far heard from that
registered a wet majority.

Ninety of the 100 counties voted dry
in previous local option contests.

The result of the election will cause the
state to lose in revenue about $700,000
annually. It will cause all of the liquor
manufacturing concerns to remove from
the state. Only manufactiurers at present
engaged in the production of wine and its
by-products, cider and beer, of not over
3} per cent alcohol, can manufacture in this
state after Nov. 1, 1916, and the product
must be shipped outside the state and into
territory where its sale is legally authorized.

The day was a perfect one throughout
the state. No disoider was reported in any
town or county.

CHAPTER XI

LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES

StbieeS; lock-outs, and similar labor troubles, as disturbances in the eco-
nomic life of the conmiunity, are of interest to many readers who are not
directly affected. Important issues of wide-spread interest, such as the
recognition of trades unions, the eight-hour day, and a living wage, are often
involved in labor disputes. Acts of violence committed in connecticm with
strikes have for the average reader the same kind of interest as do other
similar acts.

A fair and accurate presentation of the points of view of both the em-
ployers and the employees is essential in all stories of this kind. Statements
from both sides, therefore, are important. Although stories in this class are
largely informative, there is also a chance for human interest treatment.
Accounts of Uving and working conditions, for example, as obtained from
workmen and their families often give a better picture of the circumstances
that produced the strike than do formal statements by labor leaders. Sym-
pathy may be legitimately created for the strikers and their families, espe-
cially when they are in actual want or are plainly the victims of oppression.
Because the settlement of labor troubles not infrequently is brought about
by the influence of public opinion, constructive journalism recognizes the
importance of furnishing readers with all of the facts necessary for an intel-
ligent understanding of the issues and conditions involved.

possiBiLrry of strike

New York Herald

CmcAGO, Saturday. — ^Admissions were
made on both sides to-night that the con-
troversy between 30,000 firemen operating
on 150,000 miles of raihx)ads West, North-
west and Southwest of Chicago, and the
nolroad managers, had become critical and
that the question of a strike, tying up
practically all S3rstems between here and
the Pacific coast, would be settled within
forty-eight hours.

W. S. Carter, president of the Brother-

hood of Locomotive Firemen and Engine-
men, on behalf of the firemen to-day sent
to the General Managers' Committee of
the railroads a request for a clear statement
of the employers' position. The brother-
hood asked for information on three points
in their demands: Increased wage scale,
which the railroads say would amount to
an increase of 22^ per cent, but which the
firemen say would equal only 12^ per cent;
the right of the union to represent the fire-
man after he has been promoted either to
an engineman or to any other capacity;
the ri^t of the union to have authority in

LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES

187

quefirtions of seniority or the promotion of
old time employes.

In previous negotiations the Brother-
hood said that they were willing to submit
the wage question to arbitration under the
Erdman act, provided the other two points
were settled without the aid of a third
party.

It was announced by the general man-
agers' committee to-night that an answer
was directed sent to Mr. Carter, denying
this request and leaving it to the union,
despite their ''strike vote," to take what
future course they think best. It is said
that the recent vote, showing more than
eighty per cent of the men to be against
accepting the offer of the railroads, would
enable the national officials to call a strike
at any time.

Negotiations have been on for six weeks.
About forty-nine Western railroads are in-
volved. If a strike were called, it is said,
25,000 other employes would be thrown out.

STRIKE

New York Evening Poet

If you failed to find a red auto-cab on
the street this morning, it was because the
475 drivers of the New York Taxicab Ck)m-
pany had gone out on strike at five o'clock.
At noon the strike was still on, the men,
who are members of the Chauffeurs' Pro-
tective Association, not having reached an
agreement with the company.

Most of the cabs are stored in the big
Gospel Tent, next to the Y. M. C. A. build-
ing, on West Fifty-seventh Street, and if
the company fails to get any of them mov-
ing by to-morrow, there is likely to be no
room for the. worshippers who attend the
evangelistic services.

So sudden was the action of the drivers
that the company was totally unprepared
to cope with the situation, and hundreds
of orders remained unfilled. Many persons
were disappointed during the day. At the
offices, No. 546 Fifth Avenue, it was said no
statement would be made, for the reason
that the company did not know yet just
where the trouble was.

At Washington Hall, where the drivers
established their headquarters, the officers
of the association were in session nearly all
morning, and out on the street in front of
the building the members stood about in
groups, waiting for an announcement as to
the success or failure of their action. They
did not hesitate to tell their grievances,
either.

''The whole question sizes up about like
this," said one of the be-goggled and hel-
meted chauffeurs. "The company expects
the riding public to keep us alive on tips.
But the riding public is losing the tip habit,
if anybody should ask you, and it has been
a starving game for us.

"Now, we fellows have got to live, like
any other workingmen. Just because we
drive automobiles don't prove that we're all
millionaires. We want a fair wage and op-
portunity to earn it. We don't care how
many hours we work, as long as there is a
chance to make the money.

"But we can't do much under the pres-
ent system. Here is the way the company
proposes that we will make a living : We run
the cabs for a week and take 20 per cent,
of the fares. Out of this we have to pay for
all the gasolene we bum, the polish we use
to keep the cabs bright and shiny, and two
or three uniforms a year.

"Supposing a driver takes in $20 a week?
Out of that he would get 20 per cent., and
out of that four dollars he is expected to
pay for six or seven gallons of gasolene at
fifteen cents a gallon, besides la3ring aside
a clothing allowance and buying his polish.
Of course, he is allowed to keep his tips,
but tips are getting smaller every year.

"Last week I made just seven dollars
after all expenses had been deducted. I
owed the company after the gasolene
charges had been paid, and my tip money
pulled me out seven to the good."

BEGINNINGS OF STRIKE

Chicago Tribune

Five himdred employes of wholesale gro-
cery houses yesterday joined the strike
begun on the preceding day by the porters

iS8

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

of Sprague, Warner & Co. Many nonunion
men joined with the unionists, and in some
of the houses the tie-up practically was
complete. Boys and girls employed in the
canning departments of some of the houses
caught the strike fever and walked out
with the men, although they are not organ-
ized. Two of the larger houses, those of
Steele, Wedeles A Co. and Reid, Murdoch
& Co., escaped the strike yesterday, but
their employes may go out to-day.

The strike came as a sort of April fool
]oke on the merchants. They had offered to
arbitrate the differences with the union,
and did not believe that the men would
obey a strike order. There has been no
trouble in the industry for the last six years,
and the merchants were inclined to believe
that the entire controversy would be ad-
justed at a conference held yesterday morn-
ing. They found the union representatives
firm in their demands for a fifty >four-hour
week all the year.

The merchants offered to grant a Satur-
day half -holiday for eight months, but in-
sisted that while the fall rush was on in
September, October, November and De-
cember the men would have to work full
time. This was met by a proposition that
they be paid time and one-half for the
overtime on Satimlay afternoons, but the
merchants declared that would be an in-
crease in wages which trade conditions did
not warrant.

Immediately after the negotiations were
broken off the union officials hurried from
one house to another and called out the
men in most of the houses. A few of the
older employes stuck to their posts, but
the number was so small that they could
not handle the business. Among the larger
houses where the men went out are:

FRANKLIN MACVEAGH & CO.
SPRAGUE. WARNER & CO.
W. M. HOYT COMPANY.
JOHN A. TOLMAN A CO.
HENRY HORNER & CO.
W. J. QUAN A CO.
S. PETERSON & CO.

"We have a few men left at work," said
RoUin A. Eeyes of Franklin MacVeagh &
Oo.» "but I would not like to bet that we

will have them to-morrow morning. They
seem to have caught the strike fever, al-
though I think our position is eminently
fair. We made them as good a proposition
as we believed the business would stand,
and when that was not acceptable to them
we offered to submit the entire matter of
wages and hours to arbitration. They told
us' they had tried arbitration once and did
not want any more of it. I cannot say how
long the strike will last or how extensive it
may be, but so far as this firm is concerned,
we are always ready to meet our employes.
I don't see, however, that a conference will
do any good at this time, as the strike will
have to run its course."

Alex Gilchrist, business agent of the
Wholesale Grocery Employes' Union, de-
clared that the demands of the men were
conservative and that the offer to arbitrate
was made too late in the negotiations to be
taken up.

"The merchants have bad our demands
before them for a month," said Mr. Gil-
christ, "and they offered us nothing until
the last moment, when they knew we would
strike. They are trsdng to break up our or-
ganization, and the men think that they
might as well fight it out now. If the trade
is so heavy during the fall months that they
cannot grant us a half-holiday it is all the
more reason why they should pay us over-
time for Satiirday afternoons during those
months. Our men believe that they cannot
get anything without fighting for it, and
that is what we have decided to do."

The Freight Handlers' Council will meet
to-night and take up the strike of the gro-
cery employes. A sympathetic strike in
some of the railroad freighthouses is said
to be probable unless the difficulty in the
grocery houses is settled soon.

SERIOUS CLASH IN BIG STRIE:E

Chicago Tribune

Trinidad, Colo., April 21. — [Special.] —
Twenty-five dead, more than two-thirds of
them women and children, a score missing,
and more than a score wounded, is the toll
known tonight to have resulted from the

LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES

189

fourteen hour battle which raged yesterday
between state troops and striking coal min-
ers in the Ludlow district. The battle oc-
curred on the property of the Colorado Fuel
and Iron company, the Rockefeller hold-
ings.

Today both sides maintained an ominous
quiet, but it is feared the battle will be re-
sumed tomorrow with greater bloodshed
than that which has occurred.

The militia, which yesterday drove the
strikers from their tent colony and, it is
charged, set fire to the tents, involving
thereby the greatest loss of lives, are pre-
paring for a machine gun sortie at daybreak
from their position along the Colorado and
Southern railroad tracks at either side of
the Ludlow station.

On the surrounding hills, sheltered by
rocks and bowlders, 400 strikers await the
coming of the soldiers, while their ranks are
being swelled by men who tramped over-
land in the dark, carrying guns and anunu-
nition from the neighboring union camps.

Italian, Greek, and Austrian miners have
appealed to their consular representatives
for protection, and John McLennan, presi-
dent of the local union district, today wired
the Red Cross in Denver to be prepared to
render aid.

Both strikers and militia have a plentiful
supply of ammunition on hand. Five thou-
sand rounds were taken to the troops at
Ludlow on a Colorado and Southern train
from Denver early this morning, and this
supply was supplemented by a shipment
from Trinidad this noon.

The strikers by the seizure of an engine
in the Denver and Rio Grande yards at
Elmoro early yesterday Were also able to
replenish their stock.

The militia niunber 200. Detachments
from Walsenburg and Lamar got through
the lines early yesterday.

The fighting began early yesterday, when
a militia detachment under Lieut. Linder-
f elt started to investigate the cause of firing
near Cedar Hill. As the day progressed,
word of the clash reached officials, and a
relief expedition consisting of fifty members
of the newly organized Trinidad militia
company were sent to the scene on a special

train. The militia went south of Ludlow
and came upon the strikers barricaded in
the piunping station.

Maj. P. J. Hamrock, in a statement this
morning, declared that the main battle was
precipitated about dusk by a crowd of
Greek strikers under Louis Tikas, who
opened fire upon a detachment of his men
while they were drilling near the military
camp, and in sight of the tent colony.

The strikers retreated along a gully back
of the tent colony, followed by the militia,
who swept the valley with machine guns.

The fire of the troops set many of the
tents on fire. While the flames were spread-
ing several thousand rounds of ammuni-
tion stored in the tent of John Lawson,
Colorado member of the national executive
board. United Mine Workers, according to
the military reports, was exploded.

Terrified by the rain of bullets which
poured through the blazing canvases above
their heads, the women and children, ap-
parently more afraid of the lead than of the
flames, remained huddled in their pits until
the smoke carried death to them by suffo-
cation.

When it appeared that no more men re-
mained in the colony the militia ceased its
fire and went to the work of rescue. Women
ran from the burning tents, some with their
clothing afire, carrying their babes in their
arms. Many were forced to abandon their
older children to their fate.

Trembling, hysterical, some apparently
dazed, the women were escorted by the
troops to the Ludlow station, where they
were held until this morning, when a Colo-
rado Southern train brou^t them into
Trinidad.

The camp was abandoned to its fate fol-
lowing the departure of the women, and
the strikers retreated to the arroyos back of
the colony and to the surrounding hills.

This morning the camp was a mass of
charred debris. In the holes which had
been dug for their protection against the
rifle fire the women and children died like
trapped rats when the flames swept over
them. One pit, uncovered this afternoon,
disclosed the bodies of ten children and two
women.

tgo

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ONE DAY OF BIG STRIKE
New York Times

(Co n denaed)

LAWRENCE, Mass., Sept. 30.— For the
first time in this country a ** demonstration
strike'' against the imprisonment of labor
leaders took place here to-day. After hand-
to-hand fights between rioters and police,
from the opening of the textile mill gates
in the morning until the closing at night,
the demonstration was called off by the
Industrial Workers of the World.

The strike was called for twenty-four
hours, beginning this morning, in protest
against the imprisonment of Joseph J.
Ettor, Arturo Giovanitti, and Joseph
Caruso, whose trial in connection with ^e
death of Anna Lopizzo opened in Salem
to-day. Seven thousand of the 30,000
operatives in the cotton and woolen mills
here obeyed the call, forcing out 5,000
others, either through intimidation or lack
of work because of closing down of depart-
ments. Then, at a mass meeting late this
afternoon, the workers were told to go
back to-morrow morning, ready to come
out again at the call of the Industrial
Workers, if the leaders should not be satis-
fied with the progress of the trial at Salem.

The worst of the rioting occurred at the
opening of the miU gates this morning.
Pickets armed with revolvers, knives, sledge
hammers, iron bolts and other weapons,
attempted to stop operatives from going
into tJie mills. When the police tried to
maintain order, the pickets struggled with
them desperately. Swinging their clubs
with effect, the blue-coats drove back the
rioters. A score of arrests were made,
many of the prisoners having cracked heads,
while there were many others who escaped
through the crowds to their homes with
bleeding heads and bruised faces.

Men, women and children on their way
to work were held up and assaulted by
strikers or sympathizers.

The morning's trouble began at the cor-
ner of Essex and MiU Streets. A fireman
was escorting his young daughter to her
work in one of the miUs when he was

attacked by a crowd of pickets. The fire-
man put up a hard but successful fight to
protect his daughter from interference.
After seeing the young woman safely within
the mill gates, he returned to the crowd of
pickets. Here he pointed out a man, who,
he said, had struck his daughter. The
alleged assailant was arrested.

A short time before the hour for opening
the mills a stream of operatives b^^an to
pour down Essex Street and through the
side streets leading to the factories. Pick-
ets intercepted the workers and attempted
to prevent them from entering the mill
gates. Lunch baskets were snatched and
hurled into the faces of the women and
children. One gray haired woman was res-
cued, with two companions, from a group
of pickets who had bruised her face.

Fathers and brothers, some of them
armed, escorted daughters and sisters to
the mills. One boy was struck over the
head with a bottle and rendered uncon-
scious.

Cars bearing workers were intercepted
by pickets and stalled for a time. One
motorman had to fight with the crowd for
possession of his controller.

Private automobiles were used as patrol
wagons by the police. Timid women oper-
atives were taken in charge by the police
and conveyed by automobiles to their
mills.

Leaders of the Industrial Workers of
the World said that the organization could
not be held responsible for the disturbances.
Miss Elizabeth Gurley Flynn in a state-
ment said: ''I, personally, and other lead-
ers have constantly cautioned workers
against any violence, particularly in the
present strike, which is one of demonstra-
tion rather than of grievances. The trouble
this morning was caused by some excitable
youngsters, whose actions can hardly be
controlled by any one."

Against this statement must be weighed
the language of one of the addresses in
Italian that aroused the crowd at the after-
noon mass meeting. It was translated into
English and given out to-night in the form
of a statement by the speaker. Carlo Tresca,
an editor of Pittsburgh. It said:

LABOR TROUBLES AND STRIKES

191

"If Ettor, Giovanittiy and Caruso are
found guilty, or either of them is found
guilty, the Industrial Workers of the
World will march to Salem, storm the jail,
and rescue the prisoners, if possible."

Only one hospital case was reported, that
of an operative who was thrown headlong
from a street oar and knocked unconscious.
He was later discharged. No policeman
was woimded, and no shots were fired.

The decision of the Industrial Workers'
leaders to call off the strike was made pub-

lic at a mass meeting attended by 5,000
persons in a vacant lot this afternoon.
There was no dissent, although numy of
the operatives said they had expected the
strike to last much longer. No vote was
taken at the meeting on the matter of for-
mally ending the strike. Archie Adamson,
who presided, said afterward that the usual
vote was dispensed with because it was
feared some of the hotter heads iunong the
strikers might insist upon remaining out|
and thus create disturbances.

CHAPTER Xn

WEATHER

The universal interest in the weather, which makes it the most common
topic of conversation, is due to its effect upon health, business, and pleasure.
Official forecasts of the weather .are given a place of prominence on the
front page of most papers, and are read with interest by most readers. The
business man, the farmer, the shopper, the pleasure-seeker, all are concerned
with the state of the weather and the predictions regarding it. Besides the
official reports, there is opportunity for weather stories of various kinds.
The change of the seasons, extremes of heat and cold, storms, and unusual
weather of any sort serve as subjects for weather stories. Two stories of an
eclipse of the sun have been included in this division, although, of course,
such phenomena should be classed as astronomical rather than meteoro-
logical.

Although the purely informative type of story is the usual one for
weather, the subject may be treated in a lighter vein. There is often a chance
for life and color whether the treatment be informative or more or less
humorous.

FIRST WINTER WEATHER
Boston Transcript

Start up the furnace fire and begin the
inroads on that weU-stocked coal bin (if it
is well stocked), for winter has come. The
Old Man of the North put in appearance
this morning, long enough to register offi-
cially at the Weather Bureau with a few
flakes of snow. There was a welcome rain-
storm during the night, and the snowflakes
were just a tail-end contribution from the
storm, a few raindrops turned into frozen
particles when struck with the chill wind
that blew in from the northwest.

The forecast says: ''Fair, continued cold
tonight and Wednesday; freezing tonight."
The forecaster's official verdict will be be-
lieved readily enough by all those who have

been out during the day. When the tem-
perature reading is only 41^ in the middle
of the day, as was the case today, it is a
sure enough sign that winter is approach-
ing, especially when a strong northwest
wind is doing its best to find all the cracks
and crevices in the buildings of the com-
munity, so that it will know where to locate
them later in the year without wasting time
in the search.

It was colder at eleven o'clock this mom-
mg, by thirteen degrees, than it was at
midnight, while the lowest temperature
reading of the morning was between eight
and nine o'clock, 39. Tliat is not the lowest
of the season, however, for nearly a month
ago, Sept. 29 to be exact, there was a read-
ing of 34*^. Forecaster Smith thinks that
mark will be passed tonight; in fact, he

WEATHER

«93

would not be at all stirprised if the min-
imum between now and tomorrow morning
were around 28 to 30?. After tomorrow
there will be a shift back to weather warmer
than normal, or at least it looks so now.

Today's brand of weather is much nearer
the normal than what the month of Octo-
ber has previously brought forth. Up to
today there has been an accumulated ex-
cess of 156 degrees in heat, or an average
of about six degrees a day.

SNOW STORM

Springfield Republican

Boisterous storms which broke over the
whole eastern and southern quarters of
the United States yesterday prepared the
first ''white Easter" this land has experi-
enced in years. The snowy tiunult swept
in across the Atlantic from the south and
east late Friday night and all day yester-
day, bringing a considerable quantity of
wet ocean with it, which was distributed
high above tide levels along the whole sea
coast from Maine to Florida, drowning
out business in some cities and driving
street car and automobile patrons to boats.
Coastal shipping was paralyzed, rail traffic
in many salt water districts was halted and
wire lines were prostrated throughout the
southern coast states. Louisiana and Texas
saw the first scums of ice that have ever
been frozen in those states in April. Hardy
New England refused to be daunted by the
larjge rough patches of "weather" flung
down here. Rails and wires stood up well
under the strain of blustery winds and snow
ranging in depth from six inches to more
than a foot. But the storm was no fun.

All Western Massachusetts and Con-
necticut gasped and floundered yesterday
afternoon and last night. The wind and
flurries of snow presaging trouble were here
before noon, but the real snowfall did not
start until about 1 o'clock. Then a contin-
uous fall with swirling gusts whisked
through city streets and over country hills,
drifting always where drifts were not desir-
able. Aroimd Springfield the snow was
about eight inches deep on the level and

heavy drifts formed all over town. The
railroads out of this city managed to keep
within half an hour of schedule time, how-
ever.

The snow was hardly soggy enough to
put a serious crimp into traffic, and trains
contrived to do their own drift-bucking,
though the old reliable snowplows stood
ready in the yards with dabs of axle grease
on their snouts ready for quick calls to
battle. Trolly lines about the city were
open all afternoon and night, thanks to
eight plows and a couple of sanders, with
cars running as near schedule as possible.
The Feeding Hills line was tied up two
hours early in the evening when snow-
choked switches refused to slide, and two
cars were boimced off on the groimd.

All over town the going was treacherous
enough to send many a smoothshod pedes-
trian to sudden and sometimes ignomini-
ous downfall. On one Main-street comer
a perfectly respectable old gentleman went
the "zip-bang I" route, as the sporting
writers would have it, and startled passers-
by with dark blue language when he spied
his shiny Easter hat whiff hastily across the
street and cave in against an adamant
store front. On a busy comer at the even-
ing rush hour, a swarthy, well-dressed
young man went to the pavement all sprad-
dled out, and tripped a woman with a pot-
ted lily in her arms. The lily pot collapsed
with the well-known dull thud. The woman
was outraged when the young man hopped
up, looked frightened and dived into a
nearby lunch-room, without a word. The
manager of the lunch-room, who has to be
an interpreter in order to hold his job,
said that the swarthy, who was his assistant
chef, had not tarried to apologize because
he didn't know how to do it in English.

When the snow began to fall in the after-
noon, the street department made a few
desultory attempts with sweepers to keep
it confined to the gutters, but the storm
became too persistent for that. Drifts
filled the crossings in spite of gangs of shov-
elers and traffic of all sorts was enfeebled
though not halted. Traffic officers and
drivers were blinded by the fine flurries at
times and the police consider the day a

194

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

lucky one because only one slight crash
occurred. Harry Edwurds, driving N. L.
Byron's undertaking car, failed to see the
warning palm of the officer at the comer
of Main and State streets soon enough, and
with wheels locked his machine skidded
into a broadside collision with a Fiberloid
company's truck. The Byron car came off
with a crushed fender and a few scratches.

Easter week business in hats and Sunday
trumpery was badly handicapped. The
storm yesterday did all the crimping left
undone by the trolly strike, which kept
folks at home Wednesday and Thursday;
so that practically all of the downtown
store owners admitted last ni^t that their
week's business was ruined. The Forbes
& Wallace, the Steiger, the Kinsman-
Campbell and a few other of the larger
store managements were irked at the si^t
of their sales staffs standing around idle
last night, and closed a hidf-hour early.
The flower stores, too, were badly hit by
the storm, some of them having perishable
stocks left on their hands last night, which
will have to spoil for want of a market.

The weather conditions yesterday caused
a big rush of business for the telephone
company, extra girls being called in and
kept going at top speed all day. During
the rush hours the service was especially
heavy, being about double that of an
ordinary day, and the exchange boards
were a blaze of lights. In spite of the de-
mand the company responded well, giving
fine service. Ordinarily about 110,000
local calls are handled each day, but the
number went far in excess of that figure
yesterday. But in spite of all there were
large feelings of thankfulness in many
bosoms yesterday when the street cars
were observed going about their regular
business. Had the trollymen's strike not
been called off Thursday evening, the city
would have been utterly paralyzed. The
strike occurred on two days when the
weather was fine. Apparently the gods did
a little charitable figuring before the week's
program was arranged.

However much people may have been
surprised by April snow, yesterday's fall
was not unprecedented. Springfield has

been almost snowed under several times
during the month of April, light falls hav-
ing been seen here frequently. A few of the
heaviest snows recorded were as follows: —

April 19» 1821, two feet.

April 6, 1852, tremendous storm. Snow a
foot deep on the level.

April 17, 1854, heavy stoim, with two-foot
drifts and good cdeighing.

April 3, 1861, deep drifts, traffic suspended.

April 2, 1862, over a foot of snow.

April 7, 1868, seven inches of snow.

April 1, 1872, a sU-inch fall.

April 25 and 26, 1874, severe storm with
18-inche8 of snow.

April 5, 1876, heaviest snowstorm of the
winter, two feet on the level.

April 8 and 9, 1907, about seven inches on
the level.

FIRST DAYS OF SPRING

New York Herald

Central Park was filled yesterday with
throngs of visitors out to enjoy the balmy
air of a spring day. Automobiles, victorias
and other smart equipages passed in con-
tinuous procession along the drives. Fifth
avenue stages unloaded hundreds who
streamed through the park and joined the
throng already there. The new life of
springtime was manifest on every side.

In mid-afternoon, under the warming in-
fluence of the sun, couples seated on the
benches began boldly to hold hands. The
Mall was peopled by thousands who
walked or travelled on cars from all parts
of the city. There were long rows of family
parties. At every avenue of approach were
venders of balloons and whirligigs display-
ing their wares to children.

The space on the walks not covered by
pedestrians was taken up by perambulators
and go-carts. Even the squirrels seemed to
be surprised by the outpouring of visitors
and the increase in the peanut supply.

Boats splashed in the lakes and streams
bearing happy couples and shouting, happy
faced youngsters. Along the railings over*
looking the bridle paths stood thousands
watching the smartly dressed equestrians
gallop by.

WEATHER

195

The menagerie was the magnet that drew
and held the largest crowdb; fully fifty
thousand viewed the animals. For the
first time many of them saw the new mem-
bers of the zoological family that arrived
during the winter. James Conway, the
veteran shepherd of the park flocks, had
twenty brand new lambs to show, and it
was with a great sense of pride that he dis-
played them upon the hillside. In addition
to a new staff he had at his side the beauti-
ful collie Jack, recently presented to him
by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan.

Warmed by a soft breeze from the south,
Coney Island had a spring festival. Fifty
thousand persons, responding to the invi-
tation of the vernal equinox, spent the
afternoon at the resort by the sea. The
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company had to
put on extra trains. Automobiles were
out in great number.

Coney Island has awakened from its
winter sleep earlier than usual this season.
The roller coaster railways and many
merry-go-rounds already open were aug-
mented yesterday by the opening of the
"loop the loop." The horse race feature of
Steeplechase Park will open next Sunday,
and the whole park will begin its season on
the following Simday.

Dreamland Park will open on May 14.
Work of getting the park in shape will begin
this week. Luna Park will open, as usual,
about the first week of May. It was re-
ported yesterday that a well known Man-
hattan restaurateur will open an establish-
ment next month adjoining the New
Brighton Theatre.

Isaac Stein, a merchant in Surf avenue.
Coney Island, asserts that he is the first
man to don a straw hat for the 1910 season.
He put one on yesterday and sat for two
hours on his porch.

COLD SUMMER WEATHER

New York Evening Post

June has carried off the year's honors in
weather record-breaking, with the cold
winds of last night and to-day. At six
o'clock this morning the Weather Bureau's

thermometer registered 48 degrees. Since
1871, when the tabulations of the Weather
Bureau began, no such temperature has
been noted after June 9. There have been
one or two days of chillier weather in past
Junes, with 45 degrees as the record for
low temperature, but none of these have
come so late in the month.

New Yorkers who woke up in the cold
June dawn and went groping into bottoms
of trunks for the blankets of January may
take some malicious pleasure in the fact
that it was colder in some places in the
State. The most uncomfortable commun-
ity in New York appears to have been
Camden, in the north, near the St. Law-
rence, where the mercury slid down to 36
degrees. Rochester was in little better con-
dition, with a frigid simuner morning's air
at 40 degrees, and Syracuse shivered over
its cereal and cream in a hardly more cheer-
ful atmosphere at 42 degrees. A prevailing,
if not popular, temperature in many places
was 44 degrees, which chilled Albany,
Binghamton, Buffalo, and Scranton, Pa.
Over the line in Vermont, Northfield was
delighting in a temperature of 40 degrees.

The explanation of all these rare days
in June for those who are not content with
knowing that it is too cold for comfort at
this time of year, is that there has been
an area of high barometric pressure hover-
ing around the Canadian Northwest re-
cently, and that it has been moving east-
ward and down over a part of the United
States on its way out to sea. Ever3rwhere
it has been accompanied by drops in tem-
perature of from 14 to 20 degrees, so that
New York is no worse off tl:^ any other
State. Yesterday this area was over north-
em Minnesota, and last night it was over
Lake Huron. It is still with us in New
York, and is likely to be with us to-night,
the weather experts say, so that housewives
may as well keep their blankets on the
beds, now that they are out. Just how far
the thermometer may drop to-night cannot
be predicted. The weather man thinks
there may be frost in the country districts
to-night.

A serious side to the prospect of frost is
the danger of damage to fruit trees and

196

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

gardens. Last night, fortiuiately, frosts
were prevented by the rain which fell early
in the night and which left the trees and
crops safe as the sky cleared later. To-
night, however, different conditions are to
be faced and farmers will have to protect
their produce as far as they can. There
were damaging frosts on one or two of the
cold nights of last week.

So far there has been an interesting
weather contest between months this year.
May furnished the hottest weather on its
26th and 27th that had been recorded for
that month in 34 years, with temperatures
of 89 and 91 degrees. June has outclassed
May and made it impossible for any other
month to better her record, by outdoing all
known feats. With to-morrow, Jime 21,
the simmier solstice and the longest day
of the year, the official beginning of the
supposedly hot season is expected to usher
in a period of normally settled weather.

HIGH WIND

New York Times

Wind, which seemed never to be of re-
markable velocity, but which blew in gusts
that whipped a fine rain into stinging parti-
cles, blinding to pedestrians and to drivers
of vehicles, caused the death of two men
yesterday and injury to many others, and
did damage to property in Manhattan
and Brooklyn that threatened many other
lives. One of the victims of the storm was
run down by an automobile; the other was
blown into the bay and drowned.

A derrick was blown from a six-story
building and fell into the roof of a naoving-
picture house adjoining, four stories below.
In Brooklyn, the front wall, 100 feet long,
of a grain elevator crashed into the street,
and the spire of St. Paul's Roman Catholic
Church was partly blown to pieces.

It was in Columbia Street, between
Pacific and Amity Streets, Brooklyn, that
the greatest damage was done. There are
the buildings of the Dow Stores and Grain
Elevator Company. One of the buildings,
more than 80 feet in height, runs for 100
feet along Columbia Street. Its front wall

was of brick, windowless and blank above
the street floor. Behind it ran wooden bins,
in which, grain was stored, and between it
and the bins were no cross-beams or sup-
ports. It was this that fell.

Tons of brick crashed into the street just
after 8 o'clock, carrying down the trolley
poles and lines of the crosstown line of sur-
face cars and smashing against the walls
opposite. Like the wrecked building, how-
ever, these were storehouses and factories,
and little damage was done to them.

The roar of the falling wall sounded like
an explosion, and Policeman Guthrie of
the Amity Street Station and the crowd
which ruined to Colmnbia Street thou^t
a bomb had been exploded. The whole
wall, 100 feet long, had fallen into the
street from the roof to a point twenty feet
above the sidewalk.

John Snackenberg, an Inspector in the
Building Department, said that grain
stored in the building might have exploded
by spontaneous combustion or the accu-
mulation of years which had dropped
between the bins and the outer wall might
have swollen and forced the brick wall out.
He would not say that either of these
things had happened, however, and it was
generally believed that the wind had
started the wall swaying until it had top-
pled over.

John Callahan and his three-year-old
son, John, Jr., were on their way home to
81 Congress Street when the wall fell, and
they were cut and bruised by bricks. John
Sullivan of 100 Baltic Street was hurt in
the same way, and all were treated by Dr.
Lee of the Long Island College Hospital.

The crowds returning to their homes
from the place were warned away from the
comer of Court and Congress Street.
There a big piece of copper about fifty feet
long was swajring from the tip of St. Paul's
spire. The church, which is the oldest
Catholic Church in Brooklyn, since the
renovation of St. James's Pro-Cathedral,
in Jay Street, has a spire covered with
slate and protected along the edges with
strips of copper.

The wind detached one of these, twenty-
five feet long, and blew it across the street

WEATHER

197

to the roof of a tenement at 196 Ck)urt
Street, where it smashed through the sky-
light and put the tenants in a panic, though
none was hurt. The second strip, only
partly detached, blew to and fro like the
pendulum of a huge clock, occasionally
knocking pieces of slate into the street as
it banged against the spire. The police
blocked off the comer with red lanterns
and prevented pedestrians or vehicles from
passing.

In Manhattan the wind blew a 300-
pound derrick from the roof of a six-
story building at 801 Third Avenue, near
Fiftieth Street. It fell on the roof of the
two-story building adjoining, and the
crash startled the 200 occupants of a mov-
ing picture house on the floor beneath.
They hustled for the doors, and women's
dresses were torn in the struggle. None
was hurt, however.

James Costello, a retired policeman and
special watchman in a bank in Williams
Street, and Charles Smith, employed on a
barge moored to the end of Long Dock, in
Erie Basin, were the storm's victims.
Costello was run down by an automobile
in front of 7,210 Fourteenth Avenue,
Brooklyn, when he tried to cross the street,
his vision shielded by an umbrella, which
the wind forced him to hold over his
face.

Smith, with Eklward Jurgeson, was cross-
ing on a plank between the end of the pier
and his barge when a gust of wind blew
him off. Jurgeson stretched out a hand
and caught Smith's arm. He could not
hold him and was pulled into the water,
Other bargemen, hearing them yell, threw
ropes, and Jurgeson caught one. He was
hauled into the barge, but Smith was lost.
His body was recovered.

Three fourteen-year-old bojrs were hurt
in Paterson, N. J., when the wind blew
down a bam at 80 Plimi Street, in which
they had taken refuge from the rain. They
were Louis Krager of 6, Frank Carman of
71, and Louis Rose of 34 Plum Street.

The boys were biuied in the wreckage
of the building until firemen dug them out.
Then it was found that Erager had his
right arm and left leg broken and both

the others probably had fractured skulls.
Young Erager was caught beneath several
heavy beams and could not be moved until
firemen had rigged a block and falls and
lifted the beams. The youngsters were
taken to St. Joseph's Hospital.

According to the weather forecast, the
wind, which blew from the northeast yes«
terday, will haul to the northwest to-day^
and may blow even more heavily.

NoTB — In the next two stories the fads dboui
the same eclipse are given in different ways*

ECLIPSE OF SUN

(1)
WasMngton Herald

That feeling of awe inspired by the shut-
fxng off of the sun's light was prevalent in
Washington yesterday morning for about
three hours.

All over the city groups of men, women,
and children were formed to view the. phe-
nomenon through smoked glasses. Those
who had not been informed of the eclipse,
or who had neglected to ascertain the time
of the sun's darkening, mistook the appear-
ance of things as foreboding rain.

The darkness was not like the darkness
of night. It was a gloomy blackness, and
seemed to carry a chill with it as it passed
over the earth.

At the Naval Observatory, on George-
town Heights, a corps of five astronomers
were making observations of the spectacle,
and photographs were taken by a forty-foot
photo-heliograph.

Under the direction of Prof. W. S.
Eichelberger, the observers recorded the
first contact of the sun and moon at thirty-
five minutes and twenty-eight seconds after
9 o'clock, just ten seconds before the pre-
dicted time. The sun was in partial eclipse
until forty-nine minutes and two seconds
after 12 o'clock.

Photographs were taken at different in-
tervals of the moon's transit by Prof.
George H. Peters. Those who assisted
in making the observations were Profs.
F. B. littell and Q. A. Hill, assistant as-

198

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

tronomers, Mat Frederickson and C. W.
Frederick.

According to the astronomers, only about
75 per cent of the sun's face was darkened,
but the eclipse was total in Florida and
Mexico.

This was the second eclipse of the year,
the other having occurred on January 3.
As the sun yesterday was not completely
hidden, the phenomenon of the "corona"
was not visible. The shadow was visible,
however, over the whole of North America,
the northern portion of South America,
the southwestern part of Europe, the north-
west comer of Africa, and the Northern
Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

The spectacle was regarded by astrono-
mers at the observatory as highly instruc-
tive, many crescent images being seen.

Last evenmg, immediately after sunset,
Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, Neptune, and
Venus were noticeable, grouped together
in the West. These stars, according to
astronomers, will not be seen again in such
proximity for several hundred years.

In other days, the combination of two
such phenomena, the grouping of large
planets, and an eclipse of the sun, would
start all sorts of forebodings, but with the
general spread of astronomical knowledge,
events like these are accepted as part of the
workings of the great law that rules the
universe, and have ceased to strike terror.

(2)
Washington Post

Sooty nose tips were quite the fashion
in the National Capital yesterday forenoon.
People got them by squinting through bits
of smoked glass at the sun and moon. Our
Lady of the Night, instead of being de-
cently abed with her star children in the
celestial misery, was up and abroad in the
full glare of the June morning, and had the
astronomical rudeness to cast a shadow on
Sabbath newspapers by passing between
their readers and the light.

It took her 3 hours, 13 minutes, and 34
seconds, to a dot, to march across the sun,
and all Washington flocked into the front
yard to gaze on the lady's transit. They

bore gingerly in their fingers small pieces
of glass darkened by wick smoke, and such
as in their innocence yielded to the prompt-
ings of mischief-minded folk to ''Hold it
closer, dear, closer, so you can see," reaped
the reward of the unsophisticated in
smudged noses and gay shouts of ribaldry
at their cost.

It was 35 minutes and 28 seconds past
9 o'clock, standard time, when the partial
eclipse began. At that instant occurred
what astronomers call the first contact,
when the windward edge of the roistering
moon impinged on the sun's periphery.
Get it? Periphery — circumference — ^rim.
(Representing the difference between the
Naval Observatory, Connecticut avenue
and South Washington. All the same, but
seconds different.)

It was 1 hour 36 minutes and 47 seconds
later, or 11:12:15 a. m., when the Pale Orb
of Night (phrase borrowed) reached the
half-way point in her morning stroll across
the peri)endicu]ar path of the light dis-
penser, and achieved the casting of a shadow
on the world that, if it didn't send the
birds to roost, at least fooled some lazy
folk into turning over with a happy sigh of
surprise for a longer snooze.

It was 29 minutes and 2 seconds past the
hour of high noon when her ladyship blew
off to bed, scandalous jade, and the smoked-
glass gazers went to lunch.

At the Naval Observatory, on Wisconsin
avenue Heights, during the eclipse Prof.
W. S. Eichelberger and his full staff were
as busy as 97 eggs in an incubator at hatch-
ing time.

" The edipee," added the professor, " ar-
rived ten seconds ahead of the predicted
time and lasted thirteen seconds less than
the predicted period. Five observers noted
the times of contact — ^Prof. F. B. Idttell,
U. S. N., Assistant Astronomers G. A. Hill,
J. C. Hammond, Matt Frederickson, C. W.
Frederick, and myself — ^who directed the
observations. A photograph of the maxi-
mum eclipse was taken by Assistant George
H. Peters, and a print was obtained thiou^
the courtesy of Capt. W. J. Bamett, U. S.
N., superintendent of the observatory.

"The photograph was taken with the

WEATHER

199

40-foot photoheliograph installed at the
observatory. All other official observations
were made by equatorial telescopes. The
day was fine for observations. The image of
the sun was very steady at the first contact,
but somewhat less steady at the last."

The photoheliograph is a photographic
camera, forty feet long, mounted horizon-
tally. Within two feet of the front end of
the forty-foot tube (or bellows, to borrow a
photographical term) is the telescope lens.
Two feet in front of it is a wedge-shaped
piece of unsilvered glass, called the mirror.
This mirror receives the sun's rajrs direct,
diverts the major portion of the light, and
reflects the small remainder upon the lens,
which in turn imprints the image upon the
sensitive plate at the near end of the tube.

This near end — earth end, it might be
called — is inserted in one wall of a square,
dark room, within which the photographer
stands. A vertical slit, one-sixteenth of an
inch wide, in the near end of the tube, ad-
mits the light from the lens. At the precise
moment the photographer, by a quick,
strong pull on a lever, shoots the sensitive
plate across this slit, thereby accomplishing
an ''exposure" of about one one-hundredth
of a second in duration. In that infinitesi-
mal fraction of time the desired image of

the eclipse is — and yesterday was — ^im-
printed upon the photographer's plate.

In case of a total eclipse the operation is
different. On account of the complete ob-
scuration of the luminary by the moon, a
time exposure of about two minutes is re-
quired, and to achieve this a clock mecha-
nism turns the camera tube so as to keep the
heavenly object always centered on the lens.

The diameter of the sun is 800,000 miles.
The diameter of the moon is 4,000 miles.
But the sun is 92,500,000 miles away from
the earth, and the moon is only 24,000 miles
away. So, upon the ocular principle that
the nearer an object is the bigger it looks,
the moon, when it passed between the sun
and the earth yesterday, had an apparent
diameter as great as the actual diameter of
the sun. That is why, when there is a total
eclipse, the moon is big enough, looked at
from the earth, to all but completely hide
the sun, though the sun is 200 times as large
as the moon. Otherwise there cotdd not be
such a thing as a total eclipse.

So yest^day in Florida and Mexico,
where the eclipse was central, at the mo-
ment of the maximum eclipse all that the
people could see of the sun was a brilliant
ring around the circumference of the moon,
like a molten circlet.

CHAPTER XIII

BPOBTS

Interest in sports. One of the marked characteristics of American news-
papers is the large amount of space, both absolutely and relatively, that
they devote in every issue to news of sports. Although there is undoubtedly
a healthy interest in athletic contests on the part of many readers, news-
papers have greatly stimulated this interest and have created a considerable
part of the present demand for sporting news and gossip. Hundreds of
thousands of newspaper readers who have never seen a major league base-
ball game follow day by day the doings of the various teams and players,
not merely during the playing season but throughout the greater part of the
year. Newspapers have also assisted in developing intercollegiate football
from a game in which students and alumni were primarily interested into a
sport of big spectacular contests that attract the general public. Even after
prize fighting was barred in most states, newspapers, by the space given
to the contestants for months before every fight, were able to maintain
wide-spread interest in the results. In order to furnish readers with a v^y
large amount of reading matter concerning both major and minor sports,
most papers have a special staff of sports writers under the direction of the
sporting editor.

Type of stoiy. Sporting news stories may be divided into three classes:

(1) those that deal with the contestants and the conditions before the event,

(2) those that report the contest itself, and (3) those that analyze the event
and its results. Stories that discuss the relative merits of the contestants
and forecast the results of the game are based on first hand observations of
the writer or on the observations of others, regarding the showing made by
the contestants in previous events and in practice. The general and the de-
tailed accounts of a contest can, of course, be written only by writers who
have witnessed it. The analjrsis of the event and of its results may be based
either on the reporter's own observations of the contest or on the reports of
it printed in newspapers. In covering a big sporting event, a newspaper fre-
quently assigns two men to report it, one to write a general account and one
a detailed story. It is evident that all sporting news stories can best be

SPORTS 201

written by men who are thoroughly familiar with the sport itself and with
the contestants.

Purpose. The general aim of sporting news stories should be to satisfy a
normal, healthy interest in legitimate sports. That newspapers have stimu-
lated an excessive interest in professional baseball and intercollegiate foot-
ball, as well as in prize fights, is a criticism deserving careful consideration.
The evil effects on schoolboy athletes, and even on some college players, of
undue newspaper publicity have been pointed out by educators and should
also be considered by the sports writer. Accuracy and fairness are as vital
to news stories of sports as to any other news stories. Although the interest
that readers have in local contestants may warrant a writer in devoting
considerable space to them, it does not justify him in slighting or treating
unfairly their opponents in whom the readers have less interest. The spirit
of fair play that is essential to sport is equally necessary to reports of sport-
ing events.

Treatment. The handling of sporting news presents several problems.
The review of conditions preceding the contest and the analysis of the
game and its results require careful observation, clear thinking, and a good
expository style. In some respects this kind of interpretation is not unlike
editorial and critical writing. The account of the event itself demands
spirited narrative and description that portrays not only the scenes but
the spirit of the occasion. The contrast between the emotions of the victors
and those of the vanquished may be used to good advantage. Because of
the popular interest in individual players, many events give ample oppor-
tunity for developing the personal, or human interest, elements. The term
"heroes" as often applied to athletes is not inappropriate, for it is the
heroic quaUties of the contestants that appeal to the spectators and the
followers of the sport.

Style is also an important element in sporting news stories. The very
popularity of a subject that demands much writing on the same or similar
material day by day necessitates variety of presentation. Efforts to avoid
constant repetition in reporting baseball games have resulted in some pictur-
esque diction and some original figures of speech in the stories of the clever
few, and in much more cheap humor and almost unintelligible jargon in the
work of their mediocre imitators. That readable stories can be written in
good English with as much originality of style as is to be found in other
well written news stories, has been repeatedly demonstrated by a number
of writers on sports.

2oa

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

FOOTBALL TEAM PROSPECTS
Philadelphia Ledger

Vfhem the University of Pennsylvania
football eleven lines up for its game with
the Navy team tomorrow afternoon on
Severn Field it will in all probability be
without the services of three of its star back •
field men. Howard Berry, "Bill" Quigley
and "Vic" Welch are the trio who will be
forced to witness this contest from the side-
lines. Berry, who was injured theearly part
of last week, has been unable to get into
any of the scrimmages this week, while
Quigley and Welch have been out of the
game since last Saturday, when both re-
ceived injuries which will very likely keep
them out of the contest, unless it is abso-
lutely necessary to call on them for active
service.

The loss of these three men will prove a
serious loss to the Red and Blue, and unless
the men who are sent in to take their places
can gain through the Middies' defense,
"Old Penn" will be in a serious predica-
ment. The result of the game tomorrow
afternoon will be very closely followed by
all of Penn's coming opponents on the grid-
iron this fall; and unless the Quakers can
come close to the score made by the Pitts-
burgh team last Saturday against the
Admirals, the chances for defeating the
Smoky City athletes are very slim.

Yesterday's workout in the rain did not
slow up the practice a great deal, as the men
put all of their energies into their play, and
if the same spirit is prevalent in tomorrow's
game the Red and Blue team should bring
victory to Philadelphia. Ray Grant, who
has been directing the team during the last
two days, will in all probability be first
choice for the quarterback position, with
Williams, Ross and Derr beUnd him.

In the workout yesterday these four
men gained consistently against the fresh-
man and scrub elevens, and all of the
coaches were well pleased with the scrim-
mage work of the men. In the freshman
contest the Varsity went over for a touch-
down in 20 minutes of play, and in the
scrub game they shoved the pigskin for
another tally. Tackling was practiced, and

every man was given the "call" if he did
not down the runner in the proper manner.
This department of the game will be drilled
into the head of every man, and before the
season is far advanced there should be a
vast improvement in the tackling of every
Penn player.

At the close of today's practice the men
will go to the training house for dinner,
after which they will pack their grips for
Annapolis. The squad will not go direct to
Annapolis tonight, but will stay in Balti-
more. The team's headquarters overm'ght
will be the Hotel Belvidere. Saturday
morning the men will board cars for the
Naval Academy. Coaches "By" Dickson,
Torrey, Wharton and Dr. Carl Williams
will in all probability take the trip with
the team.

That the students at the University are
interested in the outcome of this contest is
certain, for tomorrow morning a "Pennsyl-
vania special" will pull out of Philadelphia
with more than 150 Penn rooters on board.
.There are certain to be some hvely times on
the Navy field tomorrow afternoon, when
the rooters cheer their teams on the banks
of the historic Severn River.

Note — The two storiee following^ aUhouoh
taken from the same paper and dealing with
eimHar material, afford an interesting coninuL

THE DAY OF THE GAME

New York Evening Post

Phincbton, N. J., November 6. — ^With
ideal football weather for the annual game
between Princeton and Harvard to-day,
the thousands of followers of the rival teams
who are here from all sections of the East
expect to witness one of the most spectacu-
lar struggles of the season. The Tiger
coaches consider their eleven 20 per cent,
stronger than when Dartmouth was de-
feated two weeks ago, and while not over-
confident, are hopeful of victory. There are
many in the Princeton camp who say it is
the first time in four years that the Chrange
and Black have entered into battle with
Harvard on apparently even terms.

SPORTS

203

Although the unbeaten Princeton team
appear to have the better of Harvard in
pla3dng form and all-round strength, it is
realized that in the Crimson, defeated by
Cornell two weeks ago, there are great
possibilities, and that Rush's men will have
the battle of their careers if victory is to be
theirs. With the exception of Halsey, right
tackle, who was injured last week, the
Tigers are in prime condition and prepared
for a gruelling contest. Parisette, who re-
places Halsey, and Lamberton, who takes
Brown's place at right end, are the only
changes announced by Coach Rush. The
remainder of the team is the same that
started the Dartmouth contest. Lamber-
ton until recently was a substitute half-
back. The changes are believed to have
materially strengthened the Princeton com-
bination at its weakest point.

Harvard will present a team on edge for
the battle, and, with the remarkable open-
field running of Capt. Mahan, hopes to
carry away the honors. The Crimson, how-
ever, is to face a much stronger opponent
than it did last year, when Princeton was
defeated 20 to 0. Neither of the rival
coaches will make any predictions prior to
the start of the game; both are hopeful,
however, and say their men will fight to the
last ditch.

The largest crowd that ever saw a Har-
vard-Princeton game in this little town is
on hand to see the fray. The demand for
tickets was so great that the supply of
41,000 was exhausted. It was the usual
colorful crowd, bedecked with the crimson
of Harvard and the yellow and black of
the Tigers, that wended its way from the
special trains from New York and Phila-
delphia early to-day to Palmer Stadimn.
Automobiles by the hundreds brought
thousands of spectators. Old Princeton
graduates, back for the annual game, held
impromptu reunions on the campus or on
Nassau Street, or made a tour of inspection
of the University buildings to note the
changes since they were last here.

The Cambridge players came in from
New York on a special during the morning,
and were given a great welcome by hun-
dreds of Harvard men who had preceded the

squad here. Members of the scrub elevens
of the two institutions who have worked
hard all season giving practice to their
respective Varsity teams played a game in
the forenoon which attracted a big crowd.
The lineup will be as follows:

PRINCETON.

Highley, 1. e.
McLean, 1. 1.
Nourae, 1. g.
Gennert, 0.
Hogg, r. g.
Parisette, r. t.
Lamberton, r. e.
Click (o), qb.
Shea, L hb.
Tibbott, r. hb.
Driggs, fb.

HARVARD.

Sottcy, L e.
Oilman, I. t.
Dadmun, 1. g.
Wallace, c.
Taylor, r. g.
Parson, r. t.
Harte, r. e.
Watson, qb.
E[ing, 1. hb.
Boles, r. hb.
Mahan (c), fb.

Officials: Referee, W. S. Langford, Trinity; um-
pire. Dr. Carl Williams, Pennsylvania; field judge,
E. S. Land, Annapolis; head linesman, G. N. Bank-
art, Dartmouth. Time of periods fifteen minutes
each.

Game starts 2 P. M.

THE DAY OF THE GAME

New York Evening Post

BY PAIR PLAT.

CambbidqEi November 7. — ^Brave north-
west winds, a blue sky with heavy clouds
drifting across, simlight with a glint of steel
in it, and air with a tang, were the weather
conditions which added zest to the spirit
with which Cambridge greeted the day of
her big game of the season, the contest for
gridiron supremacy between the Harvard
and Princeton football elevens. The game
with Yale will be played two weeks hence
at New Haven, and as a consequence Nas-
sau takes Eli's place in the Cantabrigian
scheme of things.

Enthusiasm is keen both here and in
Boston; for since the Crimson and Orange
and Black resumed football relations in
1911, after a lapse of fifteen years, interest
in thjs annual struggle has increased in the
public mind, as in Hie estimation of adher-
ents of the rival universities, until now it
has taken a place among the gridiron
classics' of the year.

The fact that of all the important uni-
versity elevens Harvard and Princeton
are the only two that have not met defeat

204

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

this season is taken into account as empha-
sizing the importance of the game, there
being something of a supplemental thrill in
the probability that by five o'clock this
afternoon the record of two unbeaten
elevens will be reduced to one.

A striking note about Cambridge to-day
is the absence of Crimson banners in the
hands of Harvard enthusiasts. Red flags
are barred under the law, and the Socialists
have insisted upon the enforcement of the
ordinance. No one is permitted to carry
the colors of fair Harvard, imder pain of
arrest, and, while there was a tendency on
the part of certain indignant students and
alumni to make a test of the law which, by
the way, was aimed at anarchists and mili-
tant Socialists, the Harvard authorities
deemed it unwise thus to force the issue.
So a formal request was issued by the man-
agement that Harvard's arterial red be not
borne to-day. This is said to apply, also,
to arm-bands and to handkerchiefs, which
wiU defeat the ancient Harvard custom of
the Cambridge cheering section forming a
red-and-white H. An attempt will be made
to have the law amended, so as to exempt
the University from its provisions, which
afflict Harvard so grievously at present.

The whole thing is ridiculous, absurd;
but the law stands, and it has to be obeyed.
In the meantime there appears to be no
objection to red carnations and American
beauty roses, nor even to red neckties or
hosiery. Just the same, the Harvard stands
are likely to be more sombre this afternoon
than is usual when big games are played in
the stadium. There is no ban, however,
upon the orange and the black, and so,
Princetonians, of whom there will be several
thousands inside the gray walls of the arena
on the River Charles, may be as garish as
they please.

Cambridge was overlaid with gold to-
day, not the gold of Old Nassau, but na-
ture's purest simlight. It rested on old
buildings of the yard, flooded the streets,
and tipped the tiny wavelets of the Charles
with silver. No day better qualified for
football at its best ever smiled upon this
old imiversity seat. On the inspiring breeze
was borne the odor of burnt leaves and of

wood smoke; the call of the great out of
doors was too potent for even the most
dry-as-dust professor to resist.

Eveiy one was out early; every one was
talking football. Concrete point to the
excitement developed shortly after noon
when the graduates and students began to
assemble for their parade through the Uni-
versity and thence to the field. The alumni
representing classes as far back as the six-
ties, and coming down to the class of 1913,
met in front of University Hall, the seniors
in front of Weld, the juniors at Grays, the
sophomores at Matthews, and the fresh-
men at Massachusetts. The procession was
scheduled to start at one o'clock, headed
by a band, which was to lead the way about
the yard, and finally after a season of
cheering both for the various classes and
the University and the football eleven, the
route led out of the Johnson Gate and so to
the Stadium.

The Harvard team passed the night in
seclusion at the Brookline Country Club —
so, as a Harvard wag put it, they would
not be forced to hear even the faintest
echoes of the Harvard-Princeton Glee Club
''massacre" in Memorial Hall. The Tigers
rested far from the heart of turmoil, out at
the Woodland Park Hotel in Aubumdale.
In the meantime, the Princeton supporters,
who had not the necessity of keeping strict
training, disported themselves in various
agreeable wajrs at the Copley Plaza, while
Harvard men, stajdng up late, were to be
found everywhere.

Neither team phsrsically is in just the
condition that the coaches would like to
have it. Not that they are overtrained at
all, but various important cogs in either
machine have suffered in the remote or
recent past from sprains and pulled ten-
dons, which, while healed, may recur at the
most inopportime moment. For Princeton,
Glick, Talbott and Ed. Trenkman are
liable in this respect, while Mahan and
Pennock of the Harvard eleven are in the
same boat. Wallace, the Harvard centre,
will not enter the lineup because of slow
recovery from a blow in the head received
in the game against Michigan. Thus Bige-
low will have to play in his place, and this is

SPORTS

20$

regarded as weakening the Crimson centre

to some extent. Hi^ey and Shea will
start as ends for Princeton. Managers of

both elevens express themselves as de-
lighted with the condition of the gridiron,

and are pleased, also, with the assurances
of the weatherwise that by afternoon the
wind will be a negligible quantity. The line-
up follows:

HARVARD.

Player, daas, and position: Age. Ht. Wt.

T. J. CooUdge, '15, 1. e 21 6 11^ 175

K. B. G. Parson. '16. 1. 1 22 6 02>i 187

M. Weeton. '15, 1. g 20 6 03>i 194

D. J. WaUaoe. '16, centre 21 5 11 174

S. B. Pennock, '15, r. g 22 6 08H 203

W. H. TrumbuU. '15, r. t 21 6 01>i 190

H. R. Hardwiok, '15, r. e 22 5 11 171

M. J. Logan. '15, qb 21 5 08>i 150

E. W. Mahan, '16, 1. hb 22 5 11 169

F. J. Brandlee. '15, r. hb 21 6 IIH 178

H. Franoke, '16. fb 20 6 0094 189

SUBSTITUTES.

J. L. Bigelow. '16, t. and o 22 6 00 182

C. A. CooUdge, jr., '17. e 20 5 10 J^ 161

L. Curtis. '16. e 21 6 OIH 175

W. RolUns, '15, hb 20 5 07^^ 158

H. St. J. Smith. '15, e 23 6 01 174

E. G. Swigert, '16, qb 22 6 07 147

D. C. Watson. '16. qb 19 6 09 148

A. J. Weatherhead. '15. e 22 5 10 168

W. Whitney. '16, hb 21 6 10 167

W. WUcox. '16. qb. and hb. . . . . 19 5 08 143

F. B. Withington, '15, g 23 6 OIH 184

PRINCETON.

H. M. Lamberton. '16, 1. e 21 6 00 178

W. McLean, '17, 1. 1 19 6 IIH 180

W. J. Shenk, '15, 1, g 23 5 lOyi 179

A. E. Gennert. '17, 18 6 11 180

E. Trenkman, '16, r. g 21 6 11% 194

H. R. BalUn, '15, r. t 20 6 01 194

H. G. Brown. '16. r. e 20 6 11 174

E. L. Ames, jr.. '16, qb 20 5 lOH 160

F. Trenkman. '15, 1. hb 23 6 08 180

F. GUck. '16, r. hb 21 6 09 178

£. H. Drigffi. jr., '17. fb 19 6 11 178

SUBSTITUTES.

P. Bigler. '17, t 21 6 10 176

J. S. Baker. '15, e 20 6 10 174

M. A. Charles. '17, e 21 6 lOH 176

J. T. A. DooUttle, '15. hb 22 6 08H 159

C. A. Dickerman. '17, hb 22 6 10 169

C. C. Hii^ey, '17, e 19 6 11 162

T. T. Hogg, '17, g 20 6 04 193

W. D. Love. '16. t 21 6 10 186

B. G. Law, '16, hb 19 6 11 163

R. Nourse. '17, c. A t 19 6 llH 186

E. L. Shea, '16. e 21 6 10 166

D. M. Tibbott, 17. hb 18 6 10 170

NoTB — The detailed story, play by play, foir
lowed this under a eeparate head.

FOOTBALL GAME

Springfield Bepvblican

Yale. Princeton.

Brann, Gould, 1 e re. Shea, Brown

Talbott, Loughridge, C. Sheldon, It r t. Ballin

Conroy. Cakes, 1 g r g, E. Trenkmann, Hogg

White, c, Gennert, Haviland

Walden, r g 1 g, Shenk, Swart

Betts, J. Sheldon, Von Holt, r t

1 1, McLean, Love

StiUman, Carter, re

1 e. Highley,' Lamberton, Rayhill, Brown

A. Wilson, Easton, q b

q b, Ames, Eberstadt, Glick

Ainsworth, Cornell, Ihb

r h b, Glick, F. Trenkmann. Boland, Law

Knowles, Soovil, rhb

Ihb, Tibbott, Dickerman
Le Gore, Guernsey, f b f b, Driggs, Moore

Score, Yale 19, Princeton 14. Toudidowns,
Ainsworth, Brann, Scovil. Moore, Glick. Goals
from touchdowns. Le Gore. Law 2. Referee, Nathan
Tufts of Brown. Umpire, Carl Marshall of Harvard.
Head linesman. J. W. Beacham of Cornell. Field
judge, Fred W. Burleigh of Exeter.

The Yale football team defeated Prince-
ton's eleven yesterday afternoon, 19 to 14,
in a game which, for thrilling climax, rivaled
modem stage craft at its best. Beaten back
and scored upon with apparent ease during
the first three periods of play, the Tigers
tore loose with a smashing attack in the
final 15 minutes of the game and fairly rid-
dled Eli's line. Twice the orange and black
swept across the blue goal line and the
Princeton men were fighting desperately
for the third touchdown, which would have
given them victory, when the timer's call
ended Princeton's chances and Yale's ap-
prehensions.

No similar situation has developed in the
annual game between these two university
teams in many years, and with its thrill-
ing moments of spectacular play and grip-
ping uncertainty, the contest formed a
most fitting dedication of Princeton's new
Palmer memorial stadium.

The setting for the Tigers' dying rally of
the season of 1914 was as perfect as if the
final scenes had been planned weeks in
advance. Forty thousand spectators from
all points of the compass invaded Prince-

206

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ton, bearing the flags and emblems of the
rival institutions. The weather man's gift
to the day's contest was perfect weather
overhead and a turf unsurpassed for foot-
ball. The great gray horseshoe with its
imnmierable tiers of seats was filled, with
the exception of the curve at the north end.
With a warm sun and an almost entire
absence of wind, heavy wraps were unneces-
sary, yet down on the green turf of the
gridiron shaded by the high walls of the
stadimn the players fought out the struggle
to the end without suffering the inconven-
ience usually experienced by combatants
on an Indian smnmer day.

During three-quarters of the game there
was nothing to indicate the sensational
climax with which the Princeton team was
to mark its first game against Yale in its
new football arena. Forced to take the
defensive from the very beginning of play,
the Tigers showed little defensive strength
at any time, and the blue combination
scored in each quarter.

The contest opened with an exchange of
punts, intermingled with the efforts of the
rival quarterbacks to ascertain the strength
and weaknesses of their opponents. Prince-
ton soon found that she cotdd make no
progress either through the line or around
the ends, and punted at every opportunity.
Yale opened with an assortment of stab-
bing line plunges and knife-like dives just
outside of tackle. The progress, however,
was not rapid, and the Elis soon fell back
on their mixture of forward and rugby
passing. The initial score came when, hav-
ing secured the ball well in Princeton's
territory, Wilson took his center's pass and,
after a short run along the left side of
Princeton's line, passed the ball back to
Le Gore. The powerful Yale fullback in
turn ran a short distance and made a
beautiful forward pass to Ainsworth, who
had rushed up-field, and the latter ran more
than 20 yards for a touchdown, from which
Le Gore failed to kick goal.

Similar tactics were pursued in the sec-
ond period, when Yale, with short gains
by line plunges and overhead passes,
reached a point inside the Tigers' final five-
yard mark. Here Princeton held firmly and

the blue was obliged to seek the aerial route
for scoring, Le Gore making a short pass
over the line to Brann, who touched down
the ball, whereupon Le Gore added an addi-
tional point by a goal following the punt
out.

Scarcely had the third period opened
when a 40-yard forward pass, Le Gore to
Brann, gave Yale the ball inside Prince-
ton's 20-yard mark. Six rushes, in which
Scovil, Wilson and Le Gore worked alter-
nately, put the ball across the line for
Yale's third and final touchdown. Le Gore
failed to kick the goal, and with a 19-point
lead Ck)ach Hinkey of Yale began to send
in his substitutes.

For a few minutes the Eli second string
of players held the Tigers safe, but with
the opening of the final quarter Princeton's
jimgle men took heart and made a savage
and maintained attack on Yale's substi-
tutes with the result that in less than 15
minutes they had rolled up 14 points and
were threatening to snatch victory from
the blue when time expired.

The orange and black team played like a
new combination after the final minute of
rest, opening up a rushing game which
swept the blues' substitutes off their feet.
Three, five and eight yards at a clip,
Princeton's juggernaut rolled up the field
until Moore, on a zigzag 16-yard run which
twice carried him through the Yale line
and secondary defense, went over for the
touchdown from which Law kicked goal.
Following the kick-off came an exchange of
punts and then the Tigers cut loose again,
ramming holes through the Eli forwards
and swe^ing around the end, aided by
close interference until Glick plowed his
way through the blue combination for a
second touchdown and Law kicked goal.

Hinkey was by this time rushing back
his 'varsity players into line and back-
field, but the Tiger, once he tasted Yale
blood, was not to be frightened away.
With less than five minutes of playing time
remaining, Princeton started its rush for a
third touchdown. Capt Talbott urged his
players frantically to make a last stand,
and the Elis responded nobly. Princeton
found its gains cut down from yards to feet

SPORTS

207

and resorted to forward passes, hoping to
gain overhead the ground denied them by
straight football tactics. Forward pass
after forward pass was flung far up the
field, to be grounded or blocked by the
blues' alert backfleld until, when the timer's
whistle ended the struggle, Princeton was
holding the ball not far from midfleld.

Aside from this surprising flash of offen-
sive strength in the last quarter, Princeton
was as completely outplayed by Yale as by
Harvard a week ago. The wide open attack
in which the blue backfleld passed the ball
from player to player in runs around the
end and then suddenly switched to long
forward passes, appeared to bewilder and
dazzle the Tiger line and secondary defense
just as much as the crimson's close forma-
tion and concealed ball offense.

The jungle team appeared to have little
if any plan of campaign, punting frequently
upon the first or second down with the
apparent idea that the ends would recover
the ball following a Yale fimible. In this
respect the Elis refused to be accommodat-
ing, Le Gore and Wilson handling Driggs's
and Law's drives cleanly and frequently
running the ball back from 10 to 15 yards
before being downed.

Princeton was outdistanced in these kick-
ing duels, Le Gore gaining steadily on each
exchange of punts with Driggs. When
these gains had driven the Tigers well into
their own territory Yale struck viciously
and, with a bewildering attack, quickly
carried the ball over for a score. From a
defensive standpoint the Yale first-string
team was never in danger from Princeton's
attack, and it was not until the second and
third-string substitutes went in that the
orange and black football machine could
make consistent progress.

The statistics of play bear out the superi-
ority of the Yale team. Yale gained 298
yards by rushing to Princeton's 145 and
made 15 first downs to the Tigers' 11. Yale
essayed seven forward passes to Prince-
ton's 10, gaining 69 yards to Princeton's 0.
Yale punted 27 times to Princeton's 40 and
showed an average gain of close to four
yards in each exchange of punts.

Penalties were numerous throughout the

four periods, Yale losing 80 yards in eight
setbacks to Princeton's 60 in seven infringe-
ments of the rules. Yale made three fum-
bles to Princeton's one, recovering one to
Princeton's two. Including the original
line-up, substitutions and re-substitutions,
57 players took part in the game, which is
in all probability a record for a contest of
the caliber of the Yale-Princeton match.

While in all-around team work Yale out-
shone Princeton, the Tigers uncovered sev-
eral players who from an individual stand-
point held their own with the Eli stars.
Gapt Ballin was, as usual, a tower of
strength. E. Trenkmann also played a
splendid game, both these men frequently
penetrating the blue backfield and stopping
rushes or going down field under kicks on a
line with their ends. Gennert's passing was
at times ragged, but he was hurried by the
concerted charging of his opponents. In
the last quarter Dickerman and Glick
showed remarkable ability in line plunging
and end runs, frequently carrying several
Yale tacklers from one to three yards before
they were finally swept from their feet.

For Yale, Le Gore and Scovil were the
stars from an offensive standpoint. When
carrying the ball they kept tieir feet, fol-
lowing interference or finding holes in the
line with remarkable skill. Le Gore also
figured prominently in the forward passing,
his long spiral heaves to Brann and Ains-
worth at times reaching the proportions of
a kick. Quarterback Wilson handled his
team cleverly and selected plajrs with
splendid judgment.

In the line Gapt Talbott played a game
which proved that he has fully recovered
from his injuries and will give the Harvard
men plenty of work next week at New
Haven in the closing game of the Yale and
Harvard schedules.

FOOTBALL GAME

Springfield Repvhlican

Gambbidgb, Saturday, October 24.
Harvard narrowly escaped defeat to-day
by Penn State, which outplayed the crim-
son lA all departments. The score ended in

2o8

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

a tie, 13 to 13. For 46 minutes Penn State
drove the Harvard 'varsity substitutes
about the field, and scored a touchdown
and a goal from the field in the first 12 min-
utes of play.

The visitors outnished, outkicked and
outmaneuvered the crimson, but lost a
chance for victory through two costly
fiunbles. In the second period, with the
score 10 to against it, Harvard recovered
a fumble on Penn State's eight-yard line.
On three attempts Harvard could make no
gain, but a score came when O. Ooolidge
caught a forward pass across the goal line.
Penn State increased its lead to 13 points
toward the end of the game on another field
goal.

Two minutes before play ended,^ Harvard
recovered the ball on a fumble on the
visitors' 40-yard line. On the second play,
three rapidly-executed lateral passes, based
on the rugby game, as recently taught the
crimson squad by the Canadian players,
completely mjrstified Penn State. Willcox
ran the c&stimce to the goal line for the
score. He was tackled with a yard to go,
but managed to fall across the line. Amid
a breathless silence Withington kicked goal
and the score was tied.

Penn State rushed 54 times for 173 yards
gain, while the crimson made but 95 yards
on 72 rushes. Penn State had six first
downs, while Harvard made but two.

Lamb, Penn's big tackle, booted the ball
on the kick-ofif to Francke on Harvard's
10-yard line. The new back came in to his
own 32-yard line, where he was downed.
On the third play, Francke was forced to
kick. James caught the ball on Penn's 30-
yard line, returning seven yards. Here the
Penn State power flashed. Tobin snatched
two yards at right tackle, followed by
James, who made a quarterback run around
the same side for 15 yards, placing the ball
past midfield.

Tobin then, huddled behind superb in-
terference, sped around Coolidge's end for
25 yards. After two plays had failed. Lamb
kicked a field goal for Penn State from the
32-yard line.

Tobin took Bradlee's kick-off on his own
13-yard line and ran it back 21 yards.

Higgins then slipped around right end fcnr
five yards, and his interference so success-
fully smothered Soucy that the new Har-
vard end was carried from the field. At the
hospital it was found that he had pulled a
ligament in his right leg, which was badly
bruised.

It was not long after the first score that
the visitors carried ihe ball down the field
again. The tally came after McKiolock
failed to make a drop kick, the ball falling
into James's arms on his five-yard line.
After several big gains, Clark carried the
ball over on a delayed run around left end.
Lamb kicked goal. The first quarter ended
with the score 10 to 0, in favor of Penn
State.

Toward the end of the second period
Harvard got a chance to score. On the
fourth down Bradlee kicked to James, who
was downed in his tracks on the seven-yard
line. Penn State tried another trick play
and again a fumble lost her the ball.
Swigert had replaced Watson at the begin-
ning of the quarter. He dropped back and
heaved the ball to C. Coolidge, who stood
with one foot ahnost on the Ihie marking
the limit of the zone behind the goal line,
when he successfully pulled down the ball
for a touchdown. Bradlee failed to kick
goal.

About the end of the last quarter Penn
got another chance to score, when Tobin
intercepted a forward pass from Swigert.
Lamb booted a placement goal over from
the 26-yard line, making the score 13 to 6
for Penn. There were only six minutes to
play and Harvard was desperate. Willcox
replaced Rollins at left half and made it
possible for Harvard to tie the score. When
James fimibled the ball, R. C. Curtis gath-
ered it in and made it Harvard's ball on the
49-yard line. There were two minutes to
play.

On the first play there was a general mix-
up, and suddenly the ball shot out from
the Harvard line to Willcox, who started
like a shot for Penn's goal line. He dodged
Barron, and then went flying past three
more backs. The last five yards were cov-
ered with Kratt and Higgins hanging to
him, but, when the two visitors, had been

SPORTS

209

peeled off Willcox, the ball was found over
the line by several inches. Withington's
sure kick tied the score for Harvard with
one minute left to play. The line-up: —

Harvard. Penn State.

T. J. CooUdge, C. Coolidge. 1 e

r e, Thomas, Barron, Morris

R. C. Curtis, Parson, It r t, Lamb

Underwood, Withington, 1 g r g, McDonnell

Wallace, 0, Wood

Weston, r g 1 g. Miller

Bigelow, r t It, Kratt

Soucy, Weatherhead, re 1 e, Higgins

Watson, Swigert, q b q b, James

MoKinlock, Whitney, Rollins, Willcox, 1 h b

r h b, Tobin
Francke, King, r h b. . . .1 h b, Welly, Edgerton
Bradlee, MoKinlock, f b f b, Clark

Score, Harvard 13, Penn State 13. Touchdowns,
C. Coolidge, Willcox, Clark. Goals from touch-
downs, Withington, Lamb. Goals from field. Lamb
2. Referee, W. N. Mome of Penn. Umpire, f^ed W.
Murphy of Brown. Head linesman, G .V. Brown oi
Boston A. A. Time, SO-minute halves.

ANALYSIS OF FOOTBALL GAME

New York Evening Poet
(Condensed)

BT FAIR FLAY.

If there was a Yale graduate who did
not fed the impulse to stand in his place
and uncover silently to a little knot of
athletes in blue gathered to give their bull-
dog bark of victory at the close of a bitterly
fought struggle with Princeton in the Bowl
on Saturday, that graduate had lost the
edge of a certain fine spirit which the sons
of Eli are supposed to take with them out
into the world. From their seats the under-
graduates stormed on to the field, gyrating
in their uncontained exuberance, cheer-
ing, shouting, writhing in the intricacies of
the snake dance. And they did well, these
ebullient imdergrads — ^precisely what they
should have done; but to the thinking Yale
men whose remoteness from their student
days has seen year piled on year, there must
have come deeper emotions which made,
shall we say, for reverence, rather than for
the casting ofif of mental, not to say physi-
cal, restraint. For the Yale eleven did a
memorable thing on Saturday. Through
sheer spirit, through indomitable deter-

mination, through utter willingness to give
the final measure of phjrsical sacrifice, those
men of Yale lifted from the muck a bedrag-
gled, bedaubed blue banner, holding it on
high so that it fioated and snapped proudly
once more, glorified by the light of victory.
It was fine. It meant more, that victory —
stood for more — ^than the mere winning of
a football game. It went deep into the roots
of extra-curricular endeavor and gave that
sanction for intercollegiate contest which
does not alwajrs appear. The elements that
won that game against a powerful, spirited
rival are elements that not even the most
dryasdust pedant, wedded to the scholastic
cloister, can talk down. And it is good for
Yale or any other university, to have these
developed upon the field of competitive
athletics as in other departments of college
life, essential and subsidiary. In the matter
of Saturday's game, this applies as much to
those who, filled with foreboding, assembled
none the less thousands upon thousands to
cheer and sing for Yale, as to the players.

"I don't know that we can hold Prince-
ton," said a Yale coach a few hours before
the contest. " Privately, I don't think we
can. But you may count upon this: not a
man of Yale will yield to-day until he is
carried from the field."

That was the spirit that won for Yale,

the spirit that won against an eleven better

equipped to play finished football, against

an outfit which gained two yards to Yale's

one, which made twelve first downs to

Yale's four.

• • •

If the Tigers had not matched the best
fighting qualities of Princeton spirit against
the best that Yale spirit stands for the
lustre of Yale's feat would not have been
so bright — ^would have lost much of its sig-
nificance. But that grim, und3dng quality,
win or lose, that Princeton partisans look
for and expect was not lacking in the Orange
and Black. The contest was fought out to
the end, with the enormous throng stand-
ing spellbound, cheers and inarticulate cries
muffled in their throats, watching the bal-
ance of victory as it inclined this way and
that. The contest had not the technical
excellence of some big games we have

2IO

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Been — from this standpoint the Harvard-
Princeton game was superior — ^but in its
spectacular characteristics, in its sequence
of thrills, in its swift, shuttling changes, it

stood out by itself.

• • •

In Princeton Yale defeated an eleven
which possessed a stronger and more varied
attack, with a defence which could keep
the Blue from rushing the ball into what
may be termed promising touchdown terri-
tory. In all that the term implies the Tigers
had a machine which was superior to the
Yale machine, inasmuch as it had the power
not only to gain in midfield, but to cross
the chalk marks. The Tigers made one
touchdown by clean rushing and forward
passing, and had a break not occurred at
the supreme moment, her rushing prowess
in the last quarter would have been re-
warded by another touchdown. Further
Click's generalship was execrable upon
many occasions. In the first quarter Wilson
dropped a long booming punt from Driggs,
and Highley, picking it up on the bound,
was tackled one stride short of getting clear
for a touchdown. The ball was on Yale's
thirty-yard line. Now, instead of going
outside tackle, Princeton essayed a series
of centre bucks with quarter and halves,
which every Princeton scout must have
told Click could not succeed against Yale.
Thus the downs were exhausted. Cuemsey
punted weakly from his twenty-yard line,
giving Princeton the ball on Yale's twenty-
seven-yard mark, where instead of going
off tackle or around the end Princeton tried
two line plunges and then threw the ball
away by a forward pass over the goal line,
the same being translated automatically
into a touchback for Yale. Thereafter,
throughout the game, Princeton turned
time and again to centre plunges, usually
unsuccessfully, whereas not many of her
sweeps around the Yale wings failed to gain
materially. They say her gains in this way
were sporadic, but this was only because
the play was attempted sporadically. Nas-
sau's off-tackle plays and delayed passes
gained a great deal of ground and put Yale
in danger more than once; yet usually a
down or two were used up on centre bucksj

when Princeton should have known she
was wasting her strength. Where Yale was
vastly superior to Princeton was in follow-
ing the ball and in holding it.

• • •

Yale's first goal was clean and untar-
nished. Cuemsey kicked it from the fifty-
three-yard line, and it was as fijie an effort
as I have ever seen. The ball struck the
cross bar and toppled over. But Yale's
second field goal was a direct gift from
Princeton. Brown was sent in to relieve
Highley and conmiitted the gross and in-
excusable error of speaking to Capt. Click
before reporting to the referee. The referee
promptly and justly set Princeton back
fifteen yards to her own twenty-eight yard
line. After two rushes had failed to gain,
Yale did the obvious thing; she sent
Cuemsey back to kick a field goal. This he
did. Princeton then fell to work and rushed
the ball downfield to the Yale goal line,
where the ball was held directly on the fiinal
chalk-mark before it was finally pushed
an inch or two over; it was a splendid
piece of grim defence by Yale, but the
ball was too close. Thus the half ended.
The half was characterized by a piece of
roughness on the part of a Princeton man
who hurled himself upon a prostrate Yale
receiver of a forward pass after he had been
downed. Princeton was justly penalized
for undue roughness, as she was in the last
period when a Princetonian roughed a Yale
player in a play which ended out of bounds.
Such incidents leave a bad taste in the
mouth. It was done in the heat of a hot
game, and no injury resulted because of no
real design to injure, but that is no excuse.

• • •

The second half assumed a blue tinge
almost immediately when Tibbott dropped
a long spiral from Cuemsey and Way
picked up the ball and ran for a touchdown.
The remainder of the third period was char-
acterized by one or two well-worked for-
ward passes and some goodly gains off
tackle by Princeton, with Yale on the de-
fensive satisfied as matters stood. The
fourth period saw Princeton hungry for a
score, playing like all-possessed, with Yale
conducting herself cautiously, and always

SPORTS

2IX

seeking to get Guernsey in a position to
drop a field goal. But the Elis — ^who were
not able to make a first down in this half —
would not have got sufficiently near to
Princeton's goal to try a kick for score had
not Dickerman dropped a Yale punt on his
eighteen-yard line, Yale recovering. The
Blue could not gain, but profited by Dick-
erman's fumble to the. extent of giving
Guernsey a chance for a dropkick. He made
the goal cleanly, but it did not count be-
cause of holding on the part of Yale; the
holding may or may not have affected the
success of the kick, but rules are rules, and
the holding was obvious even to some of the
spectators. A few minutes later Princeton,
with Moore in the lineup, took advantage
of a weak punt against the wind by Guern-
sey and unleashed an irresistible attack,
which started from Yale's thirty-two-yard
line. End-runs and off-tackle plays, with a
forward pass to spread Yale's defence, took
the ball to Eli's seven-yard line. Here was
what the Princeton adherents had been
looking for; the multitude of sixty-odd
thousand became so quiet that the quarter-
back's signals echoed and reechoed through-
out the immense amphitheatre. An assault
at the line was killed for a loss. Then, with
the Yale defence packed closely to the left,
Glick took the ball and gave it to Dicker-
man. The Yale defence dashed straight in.
The fleet-footed Moore, sprinting to the
right, was completely clear. Dickerman
threw the ball to him laterally. It was not
a perfect throw, but it was within reach of
the fast-running Moore, who, with a clean
catch, could have walked over the goal-
line. But it glanced from his fingers. He
still had time to pick it up on the bound and
score; the oval hit his knee and bounded
over the side-line, in touch. Right there
waned and flickered Princeton's last hope,
a hope valiantly essayed, a hope which died
at the moment when it was being translated
into a flaming reality. The contest ended a
few minutes later. In justice to Moore it
may be said that Dickerman's toss might
have been better done. It came too swift,
too much in a line, still, the throw might
have been spoiled had it gone too slowly.

Where Yale shone, wherein she has hope
to make trouble for Harvard, is in her
punting and drop-kicking, her down field
ability and sharp tackling of her team; the
close, unerring following of the ball and the
splendid spirit of the players individually,
and as a whole. Her wing defence and de-
fence off tackle must improve between now
and next Saturday, probably will. Her
forward-passing game is not dangerous,
and she launches a driving attack from her
Miimesota shift formation better qualified
for midfield gains than for gains inside her
opponent's thirty-five-yard line. Perhaps
she can work up her off-tackle slashes so
that they will carry farther than they did
against Princeton, but if she can repeatedly
get Guernsey anywhere from Harvard's
forty-yard line on she may not need touch-
downs in order to win. For Guernsey is a
toe artist of real stature. As to the Yale
players individually it is impossible to
speak, because not being niunbered, the
various men were identified only by word
of mouth and word of mouth is usually in-
accurate and misleading. Guernsey, of
course, was recognized because he did the
punting, and Way was known because he
was prominent as a baseball pitcher and,
besides, wore no head guard. But as to the
exact identity of most of the rest I have no
notion upon which I may rely. One of the
Yale halfbacks played a slashing game
offensively, and the entire backfield shone
in returning punts and kickoffs. The three
centre men were impregnable, but the
tackles and ends worked inconsistently on
off-tackle plays and end nms. Harvard
may take some unction in the fact that
Yale can still be fooled by an elusive attack.
Yale's basket formation for forward-pass
defence, four men back, was well conceived
— ^it was patterned after the Harvard de-
fence — ^but her normal defensive arrange-
ment of backs, three abreast, twelve yards
back, is open to grave criticism. She got
her shift into action in good style, and the
backs started quickly'. She lacks long-gain

plays.

• • *

John Rush has not the slightest cause for
being disheartened over the results of his

212

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

first season's work. He gave to Princeton
the first offensive team she has had since
1899, a team which made a splendid repu-
tation up to her big games, both of which,
as a matter of fact, might have beeh won
under different circimistances. Rush con-
structed an engine, a strong, impressive
engine, several parts of which snapped
under high tension in the course of the two
supreme tests. In no way can Rush be
charged with the loss of either game. In
both, failures came through manual errors
on the part of individuals, and these no
coach can prevent. Vide Haughton and the
Harvard-Cornell game. Princeton in Rush
has a rare jewel, who has made good con-
vincingly.

BASEBALL GAME

Boston Post

NEW YORK, Aug. 22.— New York
made it two straight over Chicago today,
winning the second game of the series by a
score of 8 to 1. Cheney was wild and in-
effective in the third inning, when the cham-
pions took a winning lead by scoring three
runs. Vaughn, a former member of the
New York Americans, who is tr3ring to
come back with Chicago, was not hard hit,
but the champions bunched their three hits
with his two passes for four runs.

Tesreau, the New York pitcher, was very
wild, but the Chicago batsmen could not
hit him with men on bases. Zimmerman
fouled out twice with the bases full. Chi-
cago filled the bases in the first inning with
none out, on Leach's triple and passes to
Evers and Schulte. Only one run was
scored, however, Saier's infield out putting
over the tally. New York tied the score in
the second on Merkle's single and steal,
Snodgrass' infield out and McLean's single.
Three runs followed when Cheney hit two
men, issued a pass and was hit for a single
and a double.

Herzog made two doubles and a single in
four times up, and was responsible for five
of the New York runs, driving in two and
scoring three. Archer, the Chicago catcher,
had a bad day. Five bases were stolen on

him, and he had two passed balls, one of
which let in a run.
The score:

NEW YORK. AB. R. BH. TB. PO. A. E.

Bums. If 8 1 1

Shafer, 2b 2 1 1 5

Fletcher, sb 2 2 3

Heriog, 3b 4 3 3 5 2 00

Merkle, lb 4 1 2 2 10

Murray, rf 4 1 1 3

Snodsraas, of 3 4

McLean, o 4 1 1 6

Tesreau. p 4 8

Totab 30 8 7 9 27 11

CHICAGO. AB. R. BH. TB. PO. A. E.

Leach, of 4 1 1 3 1

Evers, 2b 2 2 8

Schulte. rf 3 1110

Zimmerman, 3b 4 1 1 1 4

Saier, lb 3 1 111 1

WiiUams, If 4 1

BridweU, ss 3 1 1

Archer, o 4 1 1 4 2

Cheney, p 1 1 1

oStewart 1

Vaughn, p 1 2

ftGood 1

Tot als 81 1 5 7 24 12 1

aBatted for Cheney in the fifth.
bBatted for Vaui^ in the ninth.

New York 1 3 1 3 --8

Chicago 1 0—1

Two-base hits — Hersog 2. Three-base hit — ^Leach.
Stolen bases — ^Bums, Merkle 2, Murray, Hersog.
Double play — ^Fletcher to Shafer to Merkle. First
base on balls — Off .Tesreau 6, off Cheney 3, off
Vaughn 2. Hit by pitcher — ^Fletcher, Snodgrass (by
Cheney). Passed balls — ^Archer 2. Hits — Off Cheney
4 in 4 innings, off Vaughn 3 in 4 innings. Time — Ih.
60m. Umpires — ^Rigler and Byron.

BASEBALL GAME
Boston Globe

BT T. H, MUBNANX.

The fourth game of the important series
with the Detroit Tigers at Fenway Park
was a clean-cut victory for the Boston
team by a score of 2 to 1.

It was a great pitchers' battle between
Coveleskie, the left-hander, and Ernie
Shore, and the Boston man won out by
outstaying the Tiger pitcher.

It was the second time that Coveleskie
has worked in the series here, while Boston

SPORTS

a 13

presented Shore for the first time, although
he proved by far the strongest boxman the
dub had to tame the Tigers with.

The visitors started off in a savage man-
ner on the Boston pitcher, scoring their
only run on three singles in succession.
After that Shore seemed to find himself,
and with the assistance of some clever
throwing to second by Forrest Cady and
grand ground-covering by the Boston out-
field, as well as smooth work aroimd the in-
field. Shore prevented the Tigers from
maldng the rounds of the bases after the
first inning.

The Boston run that tied the score in
the second was a gift by Owen Bush, who
made a wild throw to first on Barry's
grounder, and the winning run was scored
in the seventh inning on a single by Lewis
and a double by Barry, Crawford allowing
the ball to pass him while making a great
try for a low drive.

The intense rivalry between the two
teams, although subdued, was visible in
many ways; and yet the game went off
smoothly, as most games do when umpired
by Billy Evans, and the large crowd was
delighted with its afternoon's outing.

It was Rockland Day at Fenway Park
and fully 1000 fans were present from that
energetic town. Before the game they
marched around the field to the music of a
band; then they were ushered into the right
wing of the grandstand, where they had a
delightful afternoon, rooting for the Red
Sox and punctuating their applause with
the bass drum.

As Rockland is a town where President
T/annin spent many of his boyhood days,
he was especially delighted to see such a
splendid gathering. A beautiful gold watch
and chain were presented to the Red Sox
president.

There was also a large delegation of
Boston waiters present as President Lan-
nin's guests, and still another large delega-
tion will be out today. As the waiters could
not all leave business at once, they split up
their calls between two games.

The attendance given out, 11,315, did

not include the fans from Rockland or the
waiters from Boston.

The day was dark and cloudy, and before
three innings were over a light sprinkling
of rain caused the fans in the bleachers to
make for the covered pavilions, where they
were allowed to go. There was quite a
heavy sprinkle again in the fifth inning,
but the game went on, with a strong, cold
wind blowing across the field.

So intensely interesting was the game
that the fans sat as if glued to their seats
until the last man went out, when a good,
stiff shout went up for the Speed Bojrs, and
the Tigers walked off the field sore to the
quick and in the worst kind of humor for
fan talk.

With one out in the first inning. Bush
singled. C!obb hit safely to center on the
first ball. Crawford singled over second,
scoring Bush. Veach was thrown out at
first, and Bums was disposed of by Janvrin,
Boston getting out of a very bad comer.
The Red Sox went out in order on three
weak infield files.

In the second Young was safe at first on
a wild throw by Cady. Baker hit to Janvrin,
who refused to toss the ball to Barry, but
instead ran to second, touched the bag and
threw wild to first. No damage was done,
however, as Coveleskie filed to left and Vitt
was thrown out at first.

Gainor was hit by a pitched ball and
sacrificed to second by Lewis. Gardner
struck out. Barry hit a ball to short that
Bush took well back of the line and threw
short to first, the ball bounding over Bums*
shoulder and allowing Gainor to score the
tying mn.

Bush opened the third with a single.
Cobb smashed a liner to center that
Speaker made a great catch of. Then
Crawford and Veach sent high flies to the
outfield. Boston could make no headway
against the Tiger pitcher.

In the fourth inning both teams went
out in order. Gainor, having reached first,
was doubled up on Lewis' grounder to the
pitcher.

In the fifth, with two down. Bush was

214

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

ipven a base hit when Janvrin failed to
get a ball that came to him on a meny
bound. Cobb got in a scratch single, and
with big Sam Crawford up it was a trying
moment until he sent a long fly that
Speaker pulled down.

With two down in this inning, Cady
dropped one in right field for two bases,
to see Shore thrown out at first.

The Tigers went out in order in the sixth.
Young, drawing a pass, was nailed when he
tried for second, as Cady was in fine throw-
ing form. Janvrin was hit by a pitched ball,
but never left first.

With two down in the seventh, Vitt
singled and tried for second, but again
Cady's throw was perfect.

Lewis led off with a single to center.
Gardner was patient and got Coveleskie
in for three balls. Then came two strikes
and Larry was forced to hit, Young hand-
ling his fast grounder in fine style. Barry
hit a low liner to right that Crawford made
a great try for, the ball hitting the ground
and rolling past him, Lewis scoring what
proved to be the winning run.

It was now up to the Red Sox to hold
their advantage and keep the Tigers from
scoring. Bush, a hard man to get, was
called out on strikes. Shore displaying re-
markably clever form at this stage of the
game. Cobb was forced to hit, as Shore
was putting the ball over the center of the
pen. Ty missed twice and then hit a sharp
grounder that Janvrin played to first.
Crawford sent one to Hooper and things
brightened for the home team.

In the ninth Veach smashed a line fly to
right that Hooper timed to a nicety whfle
playing very deep and pulled down after a
sharp run. Bums smashed the first ball to
the bank in left center for two bases, and
the Tigers got busy on the coaching lines
and in the dugout, cheering like wild men

for a hit.

Eavanagh was sent in to bat for Young,
and drew a pass, as Shore would not take a
chance to groove a ball for this slugger.
McEee went to bat for Baker and was
thrown out by Shore.

With men at third and second, where a
hit would more than Ukely win the game
for the Tigers, Dubuc was sent in to bat for
Coveleskie, with two down, and he smashed
away at the first ball dished up, driving the
leather to left center, where Speaker piilled
it down after a sharp run, and the game
was over.

The best fielding features were furnished
by Bush, who displayed remarkable ability
in covering ground, really making hard
plays easy by his phenomenally quick
starts. Hooper and Speaker, as well as
Barry and Cady, did some sharp fielding
for the Red Sox.

But to Shore belongs about 75 per cent
of the glory for winning the game, for after
the first inning he settled down and was
steady as well as effective. He was given
what belonged to him by Umpire Evans,
and was not forced to suffer as the other
Boston pitchers were, with Mr. Chill be-
hind the plate. The score:

• BOSTON AB R BH TB PC A E

Hooper rf 4 2

Janvrin as 8 1 1 2 8

Speaker of 4 4

Gainor lb 2 1 Oil

Lewis If 8 1 1 1 2

Gardner 3b 3 1

Barry 2b 8 12 2 4

Cady 8 1 2 4 2 1

Shore p 3 2

Totals 28 2 4 6 27 12 1

DETROIT

Vitt 3b 4 1 1 1

Bushss 4 1 3 3 2 8 1

Cobbef 4 2 2 10

Crawford rf 4 1 1

Veach If 4 1

Bums lb 4 1 2 11

Young2b 2 3 4

Baker o 3 6

Coveleskie p 3 4

*Kavanagh

tMoKee 10

U>ubuc 1

Totals 34 1 8 24 11 1

^Batted for Young in ninth. fBatted for Baker
In ninth. (Batted for Coveleskie in ninth.

Innings 1 28466780

Boston 10000 10 —2

Detroit 1 0—1

Earned runs, Detroit, Boston. Two-base hits*
Cady, Bums, Barry. Sacrifice hit, Lewis. Base on

SPORTS

2IS

balls, by Shore 2, by Coveleakie. First base on
errors, Boston, Detroit. Left on bases, Boston 5,
Detroit 7. Struck out, by Shore 4, by Coveleskie 3.
Double play, Coveleskie, Young and Bums. Hit by
pitched ball, by Coveleskie, Janvrin, Qainor. Time.
lb 62m. Umpires, Evans and Chill.

BASEBALL GAME

New York Times

Look; there he goes!!

Ty Cobb is loose again on a base gallop-
ing spree. He romps to first on a single.
Slkn Caldwell pitches to Nunamaker, and
the ball nestles in his big mitt. Cobb, a few
feet off first, suddenly bolts into action and
races to second. Nunamaker, amazed at
the Georgian's daring, stands dumfoimded.

He throws the bcdl to Dan Boone just
as the Southern Flyer jiunps into second
base. The steel spikes flash in the waning
Sim and Cobb is lost in a cloud of dust.
Nunamaker's nervous toss rolls into centre
field and the Georgia Gem bounds to his
feet and tears to third. He's as safe as the
Bank of England. Cobb's sarcastic smile
angers his hoodwinked opponents.

Now the speed-crazed comet dashes up
and down the third-base line, trying to
rattle Caldwell. Will Cobb have the nerve
to try to steel home? You said it; he will.
Caldwell doesn't think so. No one thinks
so, but Cobb. The Yanks' lanky pitcher
hurls the ball at the batsman like a rifle
ball. As the ball left his hand Cobb bounded
over the ground like a startled deer.

At the plate crouched Nunamaker. He
was so surprised that he didn't know his
own name. Cobb dashed through the air
toward the scoring pan. His lithe body
swerved away from Nunamaker's reach
and clouds of dirt kicked up by his spikes
blinded the eyes of Nunamaker, Caldwell,
and Silk O'Loughlin.

The umpire ruled that the catcher didn't
touch Cobb. He also ruled that Cobb
hadn't touched the plate. While the
Yankee players were protesting Cobb
sneaked around the bunch and touched the
plate.

A smart young feller, this same Cobb.

The bold piracy of Captain Kidd waa
like taking ice-cream cones from children
compared with that. Caldwell threw his
glove high in the air in derision at O'Lough-
lin's decision. Naturally Caldwell and
Nunamaker were in a very disturbed state
of mind.

So is a man when a "dip" relieves him
of his watch-chain and wallet. Cobb pulled
the wool over their eyes Uke a "sharper"
unloading mining stock on a Rube. Cald-
well was put out of the game for being mad
because Cobb had outwitted him.

Aside from this outburst of daring the
Southern Flyer also contributed all the
other means whereby the Detroits were
able to shut out the Yankees at the Polo
Grounds yesterday by a score of 3 to 0.
Oscar Vitt had teased a pass from Caldwell
in the first inning. Cobb strutted chestily
to the bat. From the coaching lines pearls
of oratorical wisdom began to drop from
Hughie Jennings's chiseled lips.

It sounded like this: "Come on you, Ty
boy, attababy. Only one out, O, Ty.
Bring 'em in; you kin do it. Old pepperino,
Ty boy. Attaway to hit a baseball. E-E-
E-Eh Yah, here we go."

Cobb gracefully swung on the ball. With
a resounding crash it started on its dizzy
flight between right and centre fields. The
Georgia racer gathered speed as he went
along. Bounding over the ground like a^
phantom, he turned first, flashed past sec-
ond, and pulled up smiling at third, with
Vitt already over the pan. Cobb's batting
.400. Going up?

Then came old Sam Crawford, Cobb's
partner in the pitcher-wrecking business.
Sam would never leave his friend Cobb
stranded like a wooden Indian on the bases,
not if he could help it. Crawford reasoned
this way. He figured that if he didn't pro-
pel Tyrus home, Cobb would steal home,
anyway, and cause the Yankees a lot of
CTibarrassment. So Wahoo Sam cracked
out a single and .Cobb walked home. The
score:

2l6

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

DETROIT. 1

AB R

HPO A

Bosh, i0...4

14 4

Vitt. 3b...8

8 3

Cobb, of.. 4

2 10

C'foid* rf..4

110

Veaoh, lf..4

EaT% lb. 4

1 13 1

Younc, 2b.3

McKee, o.2

Pubuo, p. .3

Total.. 31

6 27 15

NEW YORK.

AB R HPO A

M'sel, 3b.4 10

P'p'gh, 88.4 4 4

OnsB, of . .4 1 6

Pipp, lb..3 9 1

Cook,rf..3 10

H'ts'l, lf..3 12

Boone, 2b.4 111

Sw'ney, o.3 6

*High....O

N'in'ker,c.O 1

C'weU. P..3 2

Pieh, P...0

Total. 31 4 27

*Ran for Sweeney in seventh inning.
Errora — ^Vitt, Nunamaker.

Detroit 2 1-^

New York 00000000 0—0

Two-base hit^Maisel. Three-base hitr-Ck>bb.
Stolen bases-— Cook, Cobb (2.) Earned runa— De-
troit, 2. Sacrifice hit — McKee. Left on bases —
New York, 7; Detroit, 4. First base on error — New
York. Bases on balls— Off Caldwell, 2; off Dubuc, 2.
Hits— Off Caldwell, 4 in 8 2-3 innings; off Pieh, 1 in
1^ inning. Hit by pitcher — By Dubuo, (Cook.)
Struck out — By Caldwdl, 5; by Dubuo, 2. Time of
game— One hour and fifty-five minutes. Umpires—
Messrs. O'Loughlin and Hildebrand.

COLLEGE CREW PROSPECTS
New York Times

After a long lest, candidates for the
Columbia 'Varsity crew will be called out
next week to start the long training for the
Spring races and for the intercollegiate
regatta on the HudlBon in June. Jim Rice,
coach of the Blue and White navy, will
order the men to the rowing machines on
the opening day of college following the
Christmas recess, for practice until the end
of the examinations following the first term.
Daily work on the machines will then be
ordeSred, and the crew men will not have
any further let-up in their training.

Rice is confronted with a difficult task
this season in finding the material to build
up a winning crew to match the eight which
swept the Hudson last June and won the
intercollegiate championship of America.
Only three men of this crew have returned
to college. A new stroke must be developed,
and practically an entirely new eight built
up, from the junior squad of last season.

Those who have seen Coach Rice whip
together crews will not, however, be dis-
couraged at this time. In years past Coach
Rice has started out the season with an
untrained and comparatively small squad
of oarsmen and has startled college circles
with a wonderful eight, ready by the time
the Spring races rolled around. It is fair to
assume that a similar feat will be performed
this year.

An example of Coach Rice's ability in
this respect was furnished last season in
the building up of a junior 'Varsity eight.
With the exception of Robinson, the oars-
men from the two freshmen eights of 1915
and 1916, both of which finished last in
the freshmen races at Poughkeepsie, were
whipped into shape as the junior eight and
finished second against all the other col-
leges in the intercollegiate regatta.

It is on these eight men, with the three
men left over from the 'Varsity eight and
a couple of freshmen of last season, that
Coach Rice will have to depend for this
year's 'Varsity eight. The most telling
loss this season is the graduation of C. F.
McCarthy, who stroked the winning eight,
and Capt. Irving Hadsell, who rowed at
No. 7, two of the best and gamest oarsmen
who ever sat in a Columbia shell. Steddi*
ford Pitt is another splendid blade who is
lost to the crew this year, and the strength
and fight found in Rothwell are hard to
spare.

The three men who must serve as the
nucleus for this year's eight are Bratton,
who rowed at No. 6; Sanborn, who rowed
at No. 4, and Naumer, who rowed at bow.
Bratton was one of the strongest men in th^
eight, weighing 180 pounds, and there is no
question but that Coach Rice will place him
back in the waist of the shell this season.
Naumer is a good oarsman, and obtained
his seat at bow last season purely on his
merits, as evidenced after a long tryout
against Cronenberg for the position. It is
highly probable that Naumer will be moved
further down in the boat this year, and that
Cronenberg will get his place at bow.

Much speculation centres about the se-
lection of stroke of the eight. Ex-Capt.
''Irv." Hadsell predicts that f^rank

SPORTS

217

McCftrthy will find a way to get back in his
old position this Spring, but positive deni-
als by McCarthy seem to indicate other-
wise. The two logical men for the position
as pacemaker of the eight are Myers, who
stroked the junior boat last season, and
Sanborn, who stroked the 1915 freshmen
crew, rowed at No. 2 in the 'Varsity four of
1913, and held down the place at No. 4 in
the 'Varsity of 1914.

The student body is faced with the task
of raising $2,700 to take care of the crew
debt contracted in 1913-14. A few of the
alumni have been supporting the crew with
large donations, and at present they hold
notes for the above amount. Recently,
however, an appeal was sent out to the
undergraduates to help bear the burden,
and tibeir response has been quick and
loyal.

The Greek letter fraternities at Ck)limi-
bia have come forward with $500, and the
undergraduates prior to leaving for the
holidays pledged an equal amount. Fur-
ther efforts will be made when the students
return, and it is confidently expected about
the campus that a good share of the indebt-
edness will be paid off within a few months.

CX)LLEGE ROWING REGATTA

CkrUtian Science Monitor
HARVARD-TALE WHflVERS FOR Z91S

FIRST YARSITT EIGHTS

Yale .20m. BSb.

SECOND YARSITT EIGHTS

Tale 10m. 40i.

FRESHMAN EIGHTS

Tale ♦8m. 6b.

FRESHMAN FOURS

Harvard 6m. 2l8.

GRADUATE EIGHTS
Harvard 8m.SHs*

*Mile and a half by agreemAnt.

NEW LONDON, Conn.— By making a
dean sweep of the three major events of
their annual regatta with Harvard on the
Thames river Friday, Yale is today cham-

pion over Harvard in rowing, and, with pre*
vious victories over Cornell, Pennsylvania
and Princeton, will be generally regarded
as intercollegiate 4'owing champions of the
United States for 1915.

That Yale deserves the victories which
she won over the Crimson Friday is cer-
tain. The Eli varsity captured one of the
biggest victories over the ELarvard varsity
when she won by about five lengths in the
record time of 2Qm. 52s., that the Blue has
registered against the Crimson in many
years. The race was rowed upstream,
which makes the time a new record, and it
is stated by those who have followed rowing
on the Thames for many years, that had
the race been rowed down stream Yale
would probably have broken the record of
2Qm. 10s. for the course. It is also interest-
ing to note that the Harvard varsity was
inside of the old record for the upstream
course.

Yale owes her victory to the coaching of
Guy Nickalls, the famous English college
oarsman. It was the second year that Nick-
alls had coached the Yale varsity and both
years he has turned out crews which have
defeated the Crimson.

Yale took the lead at the very start of
the varsity race and was never caught by
Harvard. Rowing a lower stroke almost
the entire distance, Yale kept drawing
away from the Crimson oarsmen and, de-
spite the fact that Stroke Lund succeeded
in getting his crew to raise the stroke to as
hi^ as 34 beats to the minute over the last
part of the race, Yale, rowing a much lower
and easier stroke, was able to increase its
lead.

While the Harvard crew appeared to be a
smoother rowing eight than Yale's it did
not move through the water nearly as well.
There was a perceptible drag to the Har-
vard varsity between strokes, while the
Yale eight went evenly and showed very
little if any slowing up between the strokes.
At all times the Harvard crew appeared to
be better together, but it did not make as
good use of the slides as the Yale eight.
The rigging did not appear to fit the Har-
vard oarsmen to the best advantage.

Yale won the freshman race by about a

3X8

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

length and a half . This race was a very un-
satisfactory one. The event was to have
been rowed in the morning, but was post-
poned until after the varsity race. It did
not start until about 7:30 in the evening.
After the race had been under way a few
minutes the ELarvard stroke caught a orab
and the crews were stopped. It was then
agreed to start again and row a mile and a
half instead of the customary two miles.
Yale finally won this race although the
Crimson oarsmen made the contest much
closer than the varsity race. Yale's time
was 8m. 66. and Harvard 8m. lOs.

The race for second varsity eights was
the hardest fought of the day and the Yale
victory in 10m. 40s. opened a very success-
ful day for Yale. The official times of the
varsity and freshman races by half miles
follow:

TABSITT

Yale Harvard

Hmile 2K)ft 2:08H

1 mile 4:40 4:45

IHmiles 7.27H 7:34

2 miles 10K)5 10:14

2H miles 12:30H 12:52

8 miles 15:27 15:d9

Zyi miles 18:22 18:40

4 miloB 20:52 21:13^

nSSHAUEN

HaUmila 2:22 2.2SH

Mile 5:20 5:22

Mile and a half 8:0ft SHO

TENNIS MATCH

Kansas CUy Star

Playing masterful tennis and repeatedly
downing every attempted rally made by his
opponent, Clifford J. Lockhom yesterday
defeated Jack Cannon, the Kansas City
champion, in the finals match in the invi-
tation tennis tournament staged on the
K. C. A. C. courts. Lockhom's winning
count was 6-2, 6-4, 6-2, and, after the finish
of the first set, at no time did it appear that
the local crack had a chance to defeat the
Cincinnati expert.

Let it be said in Cannon's defense that
he did not play his best game, the game
that downed Roland Hoerr in the Missouri
Valley tournament last year, and the game

that made him run Joseph Armstrong a
hard race for the final title in that classic.
The courts yesterday were heavy, sogged
by the recent rains, and Cannon looks best
on a fast, light ground. And, knowing be-
fore he started the first set the handicap he
was working under, the Kansas City star
appeared a trifle nervous before play had
been running long.

But Lockhom's work was marvelous!
The crowded stand which witnessed every
moment of the day's play was applauding
his every move as he finished up the last set.
His head work was perfect, and his strokes
sure. An easy side-arm shot, apparently
simple for his opponent to fathom, gained
him point after point in Cannon's back
court. His direction was always good, and
clever placements followed successively in
such lightning-like order that Cannon was
kept running about the court most of the
time. And when the new player showed
that wonderful assurance, verging almost on
carelessness, which characterized his every
move, the crowd was with him. They
couldn't help but be.

Cannon opened up the first set well, tak-
ing the first game handily on his own serve,
after Lockhom had raced it up to deuce
twice. The next three went to Lockhom
in rapid succession, the '* dark horse " show-
ing Sphinx-like steadiness on his own serve,
and passing Cannon repeatedly at the net
when the local player's second shot on his
own serve would be too easily placed. With
the score 3-1 against him, Cannon braced,
and took the fifth game, game-thirty, but
the spurt was short lived and once again
Lockhom started his old sure, steady,
thoughtful play, running out the next
three games, and winning the set, 6-2, in
clever fashion.

The second set was perhaps Cannon's
best one. He seemed to have lost a trifle of
the wildness that had marked his opening
play, and repeatedly drew applause from
the gallery for his brilliant returns of Lock-
horn's back-hue placements. The first six
games were divided, three and three. Then
Lockhom took "seven" and "eight," rais-
ing the score to 5-3 in his favor. Cannon
took the ninth game, game-fifteen, on his

SPORTS

219

own serye, but Lockhom, 'with the possi-
bility of a deuce set facing him, allowed
Cannon just one point in the last game, and
the second set ended 6-4, "all his way."

The third and deciding set started out
like a walk-away for the Cincinnati player.
Cannon, scenting defeat in the air, grew
over anxious and wild. His own service
was frequently off in its direction, and he
often smashed Lockhom's serve into the net
or the fence, without opening up a chance
for a volley at which he generally is so suc-
cessful. Lockhorn quickly took five of the
first six games in this set. The seventh he
dropped, after he had had match point on
Cannon once. But he rallied on his own
service in the eighth game, and, though it
went to deuce, he shot two clever drives
down Cannon's sidelines for the last two
points of the set, which gave him the
match, 6-2, 6-4, 6-2.

Lockhorn, the most feared player in
Kansas City because of his untouted vic-
tory over Cannon yesterday, is a clever
player to watch on the courts. He never
gets excited, and seems almost lazy in the
easy indifference with which he plays his
opponent's hardest strokes. The highest
pinnacle of his play has been unexplored
by local cracks — at least in this tourney.
Every time out he shows a little more
"stuff" and exerts himself just enough to
beat his next rival.

Kansas City followers of tennis will
watch Lockhom's work anxiously in the
Missouri Valley tournament in the fall.
Alexander Squair and Walter Hayes, R. F>
Shelton and J. B. Adoue, jr., Paul Dar-
rough and Gene Monett will be there; so
will Roland Hoerr and Drummond Jones.
Perhaps Lockhorn may uncover a little of
that "old stuff" of his then. Kansas City
enthusiasts want to see just what he has,
anyway.

GOLF MATCH

Boston Transcript

There was nothing of the runaway about
this morning's half of the final roimd for
the John Shepard, Jr., trophy between
Francis Ouimet and Paul Tewksbury,

chums and both members of the Woodland
Golf Club, where the match is being played.
The national amateur champion led by one
up at the end of the morning play, after a
round in which the margin at no time was
more than two holes. Th^ play the final
eighteen holes this afternoon, and consid-
erably more of a gallery is expected than
witnessed the play in the morning.

As a genial thing Mr. Ouimet plays the
Woodland course around 73 to 75 in his
matches, but this morning he kept out of
the 80 class only by a single stroke. Mr.
Tewksbiury had one bad hole, the thir-
teenth, so that his medal was 82. The pair
halved one hole in 7, which is decidedly
unusual for them, and another in 6.

The first hole went to Mr. Ouimet on
the strength of an exceptionally fine putt,
where he faced a stymie and had to slice
around his opponent's ball to get down in
4. Luck was with the champion at the
second, where his topped approach rolled
through a bunker onto the green about ten
feet past the hole, whence he ran it down
for a 3 and became 2 up. Neither reached
the third green in 2, against the wind, and
they halved in 5, as was the case also at the
fourth. Mr. Ouimet required another 5 at
the fifth, failing to get on from the tee, and
then taking three putts. He lost that hole
and also the sixth, where he drove into the
woods. This squared the match.

After a succession of four 59, which in
itself is decidedly unusual for the cham-
pion, he managed to get back to normal
with a 4 at the seventh, which won it; he
then played such an accurate approach at
the eighth that he holed the putt for a 3
and became 2 up once more. He pulled one
out of bounds at the ninth, which cost him
the hole and left him 1 up at the turn.

They halved the tenth in par 3. Mr.
Tewksbury's superior play netted him a 4
at the eleventh, which squared the match
again. There was something spectacular
at the twelfth, where Mr. Tewksbury hit
the cup on an approach shot from the em-
bankment above the green and stopped
near enough to get down his putt for a 4.
Mr. Ouimet was off the green also on his
second, but approached close enough to sink

220

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

his putt for the half . The thirteenth was a
nightmare to Mr. Tewksbury, who played
about four shots and then gave up the hole.
He had a chance to square the match at the
fourteenth, where a long drive and equally
fine second put him within seven feet of the
hole, but it was a difficult putt and he missed
his 3.

The 600-yard fifteenth hole was a stiff
proposition, owing to the strong wind, and
neither player got home in 3. Then, sin-
gularly enough, they took three putts apiece
for a half iu 7. That was in decided con-
trast to the play at the sixteenth, which
they halved in 3. To the other long hole,
the seventeenth, Mr. Ouimet was hole high,

but a number of yards below the green in
2. His short approach was much too strong
and he failed to get his fourth dead or to
hole his putt for a 5. Mr. Tewksbury, who
was little better situated in 3 than Mr.
Ouimet in 2, finally had a putt of four feet
to win the hole. He missed it, and they
halved in 6. Then they halved the home
hole in 3. It was a striking finish — ^to halve
four successive holes in 7, 3, 6, 3. Their
cards:

Ouimet 43655543 G— 40

TewkBbury.. 64654464 6--41

Ouimet 36444736 3—39—79

Tewksbury.. 844*74736 3—41—62

♦Approximatiri.

CHAPTER XIV

SOCIETY

Interest in social and personal news is so great that practically every
newspaper maintains a society department imder the direction of a society
editor. The form and style suitable to such news are partly determined by
social usage. The typographical style of the society columns often differs
somewhat from that of other parts of the paper. Society news taxes the
writer's abihty to give variety to stories of the same kind of events as they
take place day by day. In no other kind of news is he more frequently tempted
to use stock phrases over and over again. It is possible, however, to giv©
considerable variety to society stories as well as to avoid trite, colorless,
description.

Unusual courtships, engagements, and weddings may be treated as
regular news; in that case the stories of them are not often placed in the
society section. Such news not infrequently has humorous and pathetic
possibilities that the writer may develop without violating the canons of
good taste.

UNUSUAL COURTSHIP
New York Herald

Having failed in eight years of effort to
find a guardian, governess or housekeeper
who would take a proper interest in his
two small motherless children, Lorenzo Vil-
lette, a prosperous French merchant, living
at No. 90 North Harwood place. Brook-
bank, decided he would try to find a wife.
A preliminary search failed to find a suit-
able candidate and he turned to the church,
being a devout member of St. Anthony's,
in Brookbank.

^ Two weeks ago he completed a novena,
and on the ninth day of his continuous
prayer he expressed the wish that a wife
who would be a good mother would be
granted to him.

Nothing happened until the second day

after he had finished his uine days bf
prayer. On that day Miss Mary O'Connor,
of No. 72 Laclede avenue, Brookbank,
made a social call upon her friend. Miss
Frances Smith, a cousin of Mr. Villette, in
her home, in Forest avenue, at Railroad
avenue.

While the two yoimg women talked Miss
Smith said to her friend: —

"You seem so downcast Tecently, Maiy.
You should find a husband."

"Yes, I suppose," was the answer, "but
the right man has not Jmocked at the door
yet."

Just then Mr. VUlette xang the bell nt
his cousin's home. He was introduced to
Miss O'Connor and an hour later acciun-
panied her to her home. Three days kter
he escorted her to a theatre and the follow-
ing day met her relatives.

222

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Then she met Mr. Villette's children and
called at his home, and last Saturday they
obtained a license to be married. St.
Michael's Church, which the 0'Ck)nnor
family attends, is preparing for one of the
largest weddings of the season on next
Tuesday.

" I am very happy," said Miss O'Connor
last night, ** and I am so thankful that Mr.
Villette said a novena and that I was sent
to him."

UNUSUAL ROMANCE

Chicago Inter Ocean

Firemen one night last simmter stood on
the street before a blazing apartment build-
ing at West Fourteenth and South Sanga-
mon streets. They played their streams of
water on the fire, although they realized
that the building could not be saved. Sud-
denly from above came the scream of a girl.
She was seen clinging to a window ledge on
the third floor before a background of flame.

That was the beginning of the story.

Its close came yesterday afternoon within
the dim and quiet church of St. Francis of
Assisi, when the girl. Miss Mary Wilkins,
became the wife of the man who had dared
and accomplished her rescue, Arthur Sheer,
truckman of hook and ladder company
No. 5.

Of all the firemen who stood before the
burning building that night, Sheer alone
volunteered to attempt the rescue. A lad-
der was rushed to the red and cracking wall.
Blinded by the flames and smoke and with
his heavy clothing fired from the heat.
Sheer groped his way up the ladder. His
mates played streams of water along the
course of his climb. He reached Miss
Wilkins and carried her to the street and
to safety.

^'And that's how it was," the bride said
as she left the church clinging to the arm
of her big and blushing husband. "He and
I learned to know each other after the fire,
and — and — ^well, that's how it was."

The blush on Truckman Sheer's face
deepened when the interview was directed
upon himself.

"Ah — er — any fireman, you know," he
stanunered, * "would — ^would — but say,
you'd ought to see the place we've got
fixed up. We're — ah — ^we're moving in
today."

The home of the couple will be at 919
West Twenty-third place.

COWBOY WEDDING

Chicago HerM

"Snorky Dan" Sammons tied his pony
to the rack at the stockyards yesterday,
dofifed his chape, wiggled into "the con-
ventional black" and, with the able assist^
ance of 300 wildly enthusiastic "boys from
the yards," was roped, tied and branded at
the altar.

It was the biggest "cowboy wedding"
the yards ever saw. When "Snorky"
knocked off buying hogs for the Bismark
Packing Company early in the day and
got ready to hit the trail for the Holy
Cross Church, East Sixty-fifth street and
Maryland avenue, he had no hint of the
scheme on foot.

Late in the afternoon the South Side,
however, became aware that there was
something doing besides the Cubs-Sox
battle. First a two-wheeled phaeton,
dragged along by a gaimt, underfed mule
and driven by a cowboy, made its appear-
ance. A big banner was stretched across
its sides giving the brid^room this welcome
admonition:

" Don't weaken, Snorky."

On its heels came a "hungry five" Ger-
man band playing Irish melodies, riding in
a "cripple wagon" driven by a red-coated
negro. A tractor engine, pulling a chain of
twelve "clean-up" chariots, came next,
and in its wake a couple of hundred yell-
ing, plug-hatted cowboys led by "Rags"
Murphy and Tom Domey. As marshals of
the "round-up" there were "Tex" Hobart,
"Jim" McGuirk, "Spuds" Grady and
"Skinny" Kenny. Even yoimg Edward
Morris, who recently went to work in the
packing business, was on the job.

The cavalcade drew up in front of the
church and awaited "Snorky." It waa

SOCIETY

223

about 5 o'clock when he arrived in a big
touring car with bride-to-be, Miss Mary
CowmaUi 6876 South Chicago avenue,
daughter of the late John Cowman,
wealthy coal dealer. As the party entered
the church every noise-making device,
from the cowboy yell to automobile horns,
was brought into play.
• While the Rev. D. D. Hishen was "tying
the knot'' inside, the automobile was las-
soed. The bridal party, upon re-entering
the vehicle, attempted to make their get-
away, but in vain. Surrounded by the
prancing ponies, they were paraded to the
yards at Root and Halsted streets, and
after ""Snorky" had made a little speech
he was permitted to go.

ELOPEMENT

Chicago Herald

Jui^ because she was a girl, Charlotte
Smith, daughter of a Parkhurst contractor,
saw no reason why she should not learn
from her father all about building houses
on well-located lots.

Charles Ferris Short, son of a real estate
dealer in the north shore suburb, had been
getting information about the value of a
piece of groimd upon which a house could
be built.

What, then, more natural than for
Charles, filled with knowledge about home
locations, and Charlotte, wise in the man-
ner of erecting a home and having, mean-
while, notions that other persons in the
world didn't count for much anyway, to
conclude to join their knowledge for their
own profit?

Nothing, they agreed. But Charles was
only 21 years old, and Charlotte 19.

"Too young," parents of both agreed.

Having visions of a piece of property
selected by him and improved by a house
designed by her as a place where they,
together, would not be annoyed by unsym-
pathetic parents, and reading in the Heb-
ALD that twelve couples had eloped to
Crown Point Monday to be married, they
boarded a train for Indiana yesterday. Last
night they were Mr. and Mrs. Short.

Charlotte's parents didn't know a thing
about it until told by the Hbbald; neither
did Charles's people.

"Oh, well, I guess there's nothing to do
but say it's just fine," Charlotte's mother
said. "But she hasn't a bit of table linen.
We'll have to get busy right away."

So it was all right after all.

Others on the train taken by the Park-
hurst couple were Peter Felker and Miss
Sara Sorley. They had planned to be mar-
ried for some time. It was inconvenient to
take a honeymooti trip. So they, too, eloped
to Crown Point.

SEPTUAGENARLA.N ROMANCE

Chicago Herald

More than seventy years ago a barefoot
boy and a rosy cheeked girl trudged to-
gether each day along the roads of Albion
County, Michigan, to a little red school-
house, where, at adjoining desks, they
studied "readin', 'ritin' and 'rithmetic."

Yesterday the same "boy" and the same
"girl" left Fair Oaks together for the
county building in Chicago. There they
obtained a marriage license. A few min-
utes later they were married. Thus has
Fair Oaks furnished its first septuagenarian
romance.

The bridegroom is Rudolph Gray, 77
years old, the possessor of two grand-
children. The bride, until yesterday, Mrs.
Mary J. Vanson, is a year his jimior. She
has three granddiildren.

After the ceremony the couple returned
to the residence of the bridegroom's daugh-
ter, Mrs. Clara A. Hawkins of 1231 Jenifer
avenue, Fair Oaks. There the bridegroom
told the story of the romance.

"We've known each other as far back
as either of us can remember," he said.
"We were reared together in Albion
Coimty, went to the same district school
together, and later^ when we were a little
older, went to the same dances and parties
together.

"Then our families moved away from
Albion County, and we lost track of each
other for a while. I got married and served

224

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

through the civil war. Sarah was married
to an niinois man.

''Her husband was killed in 1892 in a
railroad accident, and my first wife died
about three yeaxa ago. A few months ago
we learned of each other's whereabouts,
started to write back and forth, and today
were married.''

The ceremony was performed, according
to Mr. Gray, by S. M. Schall, in the latter's
office at 118 North LaSalle street. Later
the couple had their wedding supper at the
Hawkins residence in Fair Oaks. In a few
days they will leave for Manheim, Dl.,
where they will make their home.

WEDDING

New York Tvme9

The wedding of Miss Emma Martin
Willis, daughter of James S. Willis, Presi-
dent of the United States Bank of Ck)m-
merce of this city, and Mrs. Willis, and
Lesley Green Shafter of Greenville, Penn.,
was celebrated at 8 o'clock last night in
St. John's Episcopal Church, Montcliur,
N. J. The Rev. Dr. William R. Bolton,
rector of the church, officiated.

The bride wore a gown of ivory satin and
a veil of lace, which was caught up with a
chaplet of orange blossoms. She carried a
shower bouquet of white orchids and lilies of
the valley. Her father gave her in marriage.

The maid of honor was Miss Martha
Houghton of Calumet, Mich., a former
schoolmate of the bride. She wore a pink
satin gown, draped with tulle and net, and
carried pink Killamey roses.

There were six bridesmaids, including
the Misses Enmia Dickiens, Elsie Walter,
Anna Wilson, Helen Holton, Mary Smith,
and Katherine Wilkins. They were gowned
alike, in blue and white chiffon, and carried
Aaron Ward roses with streamers of blue
ribbon.

Clinton M. Shafter was best man for his
brother. The ushers were George H. Ken-
nedy, John C. Lane, Arthur Carpenter, and
Dr. James Stratton Collins, Jr., of Green-
ville; Morris B. Lamb of this city, and
James S. Willis, Jr., of Montchur.

The churdi was decorated with autum-
nal flowers and foliage. Along the centre
aisle were large clusters of white chrysan^
themiuns. Ascension lilies were used on the
altar.

More than 200 guests from New York
and near-by towns attended the reception,
which was held after the ceremony at the
home of the bride, 144 Nedwick Avenue,
Upper Montclair. The couple received the
congratulations of their relatives and
friends under an arbor of pink and white
roses in the reception room. The house
was decorated throughout with autumnal
foliage and flowers.

The bride was a pupil at Miss Spenoe's
School in this city in 1909-1910. Mr. Shaf-
ter was graduated from Williams College,
class of '10, and is a member of the Phi
Delta Theta Fraternity. His father, who
died several years ago, was the owner of
large coal fields and mines, which Mr.
Shafter has managed since leaving schooL
Mr. and Mra. Shafter will live in Green-
ville.

WEDDING

Boston Transcript

Scarboio, Oct. 23— St. John's School
Chapel was the scene of the marriage, at
noon today, of Miss Violet Otis Gray to John
Stanley EEiurt. Miss Gray is the older daugh-
ter of Rev. William Green Gray, D. D.,
head of St. John's School, and Mrs. Gray,
who was before her marriage Miss Martin.
The bride is the granddaughter of the late
Mr. and Mrs. William C. Martin of Boston,
who long were summer cottagers at Na-
hant. Herbert F. Martin and Harrison
Gray Martin are her imdes, and Mrs. Snuth
of Washington and Ipswich, wife of Rev.
Richard Otis Smith, D. D., is an aimt.
Miss Gray has a younger sister, Margaret,
and four brothers, William G. Gray, Jr.,
Sigoumey Gray, Appleton Gray and Rob-
ert Gray. The bride made her d^but three
seasons ago.

Mr. Hart, the bridegroom, is the son of
Mr. and Mrs. Francis Stanley Hart of Com-
monwealth avenue, Boston, who have a

SOCIETY

225

oountry estate in Bedford. He was gradu-
ated from Harvard with the class of 1913.
He is interested in rowing and is a member
of the Union Boat Club. William A. Hart,
of the Harvard class of 1915, is a younger
brother.

Dr. Gray, the bride's father, was the
officiating clergjnnan, and gave his daugh-
ter in marriage. The bride was dressed in a
gown of white satin and tulle, made with a
pointed neck and long, full train. It was
trimmed with fine old lace, and her veil,
also of lace, was the one which had been
worn by her mother, and still earlier by her
grandmother, Mrs. Martin, on the occasion
of their weddings. It was held in place with
orange blossoms. The bridal bouquet was
of lilies of the valley, white orchids and
delicate ferns.

The yoimger sister. Miss Margaret Gray,
was flower girl and wore a high-waisted
dress of white net with embroidered ruffles,
with which was worn a small hat of pink
satin trimmed with lace and pink rosebuds.
She carried pale pink roses. The brides-
maids were Miss Elizabeth Howard of
Boston, cousin of the bridegroom; Miss
Anna Appleton Graves of South Orange,
N. J., and Miss Mary Appleton of New
York. Miss Graves and Miss Appleton are
the bride's cousins. These three attendants
were dressed in pale pink taffeta with
sleeves and long tunics of pink tulle. They
wore large flat hats of dark blue velvet and
carried bunches of pink rosebuds mixed
with bluets. Mrs. Gray, the bride's mother,
wore dark blue silk and a hat of dark blue
velvet trimmed with feathers of the same
shade.

Frederic Hart of Boston, Harvard, '13,
a cousin of the bridegroom, was best man,
and those who served as ushers were
Charles Pelham Morgan, Jr., Harvard, '14;
Edwin Curtis, Haxvard, '13; Wilkins
Frothingham, Harvard, '13; George Wil-
liam Meyer, Jr., Harvard, '13; Bayard
Tyler, Harvard, '13; Tudor Jenkins, Har-
vard, '13; Richard Courtland, Harvard,
'16; George Bartlett, Harvard, '13; Sigour-
ney Gray, AmhefBt, '18, brother of the
bride. - . - -

WEDDING

New York Herald

Southern smilaz and palms made the
background for the bower of white and
pink cut flowers and plants ornament-
ing the chancel of the Church of the Di-
vine Paternity last Tuesday when Miss
Florence I. Gardiner, daughter of Mrs.
Curtis Gardiner, of No. 949 West Eighty-
fifth street, was married to Mr. Frederick
Guild Jenldns, Jr., the Rev. Dr. ELall
officiating.

The bride wore a gown of ivory white
satin trinmied with pearls and embroid-
ered with orange blossoms with court train
of chiffon and satin. Instead of a veil she
wore a cap of princess lace, and she carried
a bouquet of lilies of the valley and white
orchids. She was attended by her sister,
Mrs. Deland Roswell Morton, who wore a
gown of pink satin trimmed with brown
lace and beaver fur, with picture hat to
match; she carried Killamey roses. Little
Ruth and Virginia Gardiner, the flower
girls, wore frocks of white lingerie with
pink sashes, and carried white French bas-
kets of sunburst roses.

Mr. David Pelham was best man, and
the ushers were Messrs. John Burton, Har-
rison Ejieeland and John J. Surl, of this
city, and Harold Warren, of Fishkill, N. Y.
After the ceremony Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins
started on a wedding trip through the
South.

WEDDING

Phtladelphia Ledger

WASHINGTON, Dec. 3.— Miss Emily
Curtis, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William
T. Curtis, was married today to Captain
William Raines Darlington, Coast Artil-
lery, United States army. The ceremony
took place at the home of the bride's par-
ents in Georgetown. The Rev. D. H.
Markham officiated. The attendants were
Miss Winifred Deland and Captain Robert
Bruce Scott, U. S. A. The latter and the
bridegroom wore full uniform. The bride
wore white satin, with tulle overdress, and

S26

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

a tulle veil. Following a wedding break-
fast, Captain and Mrs. Darlington left for
the South, the former being stationed at
Fort Garfield, Ga.

ENGAGEMENT

Chicago Past

Mrs. P^ands T. Calkins, 1253 Hamilton
aivenue, announces the engagement of her
youngest daughter, Imogen Hammond, to
Mr. Percy Chapman, son of Mr. and Mrs.
A. L. Chapman, 3024 Sigoumey street.

Miss CaUdns's father was the late Colonel
Francis T. Calkins, first colonel of the
Seventeenth Kegiment, I. N. G. The bride
elect is president of the Delta Gamma Mu
Sorority and a member of the Beta Phi Ep-
silon Sorority. Mr. Chapman is a member
of the Delta Omicron Fraternity and is
known in athletic circles. No date has
been set for the wedding.

ENGAGEMENT

New York Times

The engagement of Miss Agnes P. Colby
and Frederick E. Chandler has been an-
nounced. Miss Colby is the daughter of
the Rev. Dr. J. Wilson Colby, the noted
evangelist, with whom she niade a globe-
^icircling trip several years ago. She is
spending the Winter with her aunt, Mrs.
Charles Stratton Wilce, at Springfield,
Mass.

Mr. Chandler is a graduate of Williams
College, class of '12, and is a Director in
the Industrial Bonding Corporation of New
York. The wedding is to take place in the
early Spring at the Colby home at Jamaica
Estates, L. I.

WEDDING PARTY DINNER
DANCE

New YarkTimea

Mrs. Ralph H. Devine, whose brother,
Harry Curtis Livingston of Cleveland, Ohio,
is to many Miss Hope Al^Eander^ daughter

of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Alezandeiv tomorrow
afternoon in the Church of the Heavenly
Rest, entertained last night at the St. Regis
in honor of Miss Alexander and her fianc6.

Covers were laid for twenty-six guests,
and the table was decorated with lUies of
the valley and pink roses. Silver bonbon
boxes were given as favors. The guests in-
cluded some of the girl friends of the bride-
elect, the best man, Frederick R. Devine,
and the ushers, Sidney Dillon, Arthur G.
Alexander, Benjamin Noyes, Martin Otis
Tilden, Harrison Piresoott, and Frederick
Cheever.

There was informal dancing af terwaidy
for which a few additional guests were in«
vited.

COLLEGE FRATERNITY DINNER

Topeka Capitol

The Kappa Sigma men of Washburn
college celebrated Founders' day with a
dinner at the Mills tea room yesterday
evening. The men of the active chapter,
Ganmia Nu, and many of the local alumni
gathered together for the fraternity's forty-
fifth anniversary. It was on December 10,
just forty-five years ago, that the fraternity,
now the largest in number of chapters, was
founded at the University of Virginia.

The tables were decorated with the
fraternity flower, lily of the valley, and the
colors, scarlet, white and emerald. Toasts,
with Mr. Earl Trobert acting as toast-
master, were responded to by Mr. William
Whitcomb, for the pledges, Mr. Merrill
Ream, for the actives, Mr. James Cole-
man, on the ''Fraternity Relations to the
Alimmus,'' Mr. Monte Kistler, on " Frater-
nity Expansion,'' Dr. A. B. Jeffrey, on
"Internal Development," and Mr. W. K.
Miller, on "The Why of a Greek." The
fraternity songs were sung as a finishing
touch.

The Eappa Sigmas at the affair were:
Mr. Monte Kistler, Mr. Irwin Keller, Mr.
Clayton Kline, Mr. Robert Drum, Mr.
James Coleman, Dr. A. B. Jeffrey, Mr. W;
W. Miller, Mr. D. Elton Mcintosh, Mr.
Kenneth iOine, Mr. Dwight Ream, Mr.

SOCIETY

227

Merrill Ream, Mr. Wasme Cook, Mr. Rob-
ert Whitcomlo, Mr. Richard Whitcomb,
Mr. Earl Trobert, Mr. Warren Humphrey,
Mr. Charles Kesler, Mr. Robert Ward, Mr.
RusseD Swiler, Mr. John Ripley, Mr. Clif-
ford Olander, Mr. Forest Rice, Mr. Duane
Van Horn, Mr. Elwin Olander, Mr. Ned
Brown, Mr. Edwin Tucker, Mr. Harold
Cone, Mr. William Whitcomb, Mr. John
March, Mr. Ray Enfield, Mr. Jay Jenson
and Mr. Jackson Brown.

CHRISTMAS DINNER REUNION
Chicago Herald

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Hinton of 891 East
Twenty-first street will give the annual
dinner for members of the Hinton family
Christmas night. This will be the sixty-
fourth Christmas dinner and reunion in the
Hinton family. Among those who will be
present are Mr. and Mrs. Thomas M. Hin-
ton, State's Attorney and Mrs. Maday
Hinton, Mr. and Mrs. Clifford Whitcomb,
Mrs. Gertrude Hinton Humphrey and Mrs.
Charles C. Coleman. Covers will be laid
for thirty-five.

ANNOUNCEMENT OF DINNER

PARTY

Chicago Herald

Miss Camille Russell Ward of 1891
Grand boulevard, who made her d^but
Thanksgiving day, will give a dinner Sim-
day in honor of Miss Irene Rice, daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Robert G.Tlice of 3736 Elton
avenue, who is to be married Dec. 29 to
Edmund Cook, son of Dr. and Mrs. E.
Walton Cook.

DANCE FOR CHARITY

Chicago Herald

Hungry babies will be fed, and the coffers
of at least a dozen South Side day nurseries
will be filled, from the proceeds of the An-
nual ball of the Friendly Aid Society to be
given Monday evening at the Blackstone

Hotel. Mrs. Edward E. Hammond is presi-
dent of the society. The beneficiaries in-
clude Bethlehem Creche, Chicago Refuge
for Girls, Children's South Side Free Dis-
pensary, Home for Convalescent Women
and Children, Home for Destitute Crip-
pled Children, Jackson Park Sanitarium,
Legal Aid Society, Margaret Etter Creche,
Stockyards Day Nursery, Boys* Shelter,
Visiting Nurses and the Juvenile Protec-
tive Association.

SORORITY'S FORMAL PARTY

Karhsaa City Star

The spring formal of the Kappa Alpha
Theta Sorority was given in F. A. A. Hall
Friday evening. The chapter president,
Miss Elsa Bartell, and the house mother,
Mrs. Anna Stratton, headed the receiving
line. A very clever electrical effect was
carried out in the sorority colors, gold and
black. Kansas City guests were Mr. Em-
mett Donnet, Mr. Arthur Dix, Mr. James
Sampson, Mr. Carl Bright, Mr. Edward Dix,
Mr. Robert Campbell, Mr. Harland Hamil-
ton, Mr. Albert Rook, Mr. George Bright,
Mr. Ivan Bean, Mr. Ben Sweet, Mr. Charles
Hagen and Mr. Richard Smith. Kansas
City Thetas are: Miss Marie Hedrick, Miss
Emma Mae Root, Miss Katherine Kiezer,
Miss Louisa Hedrick, Miss Helen Tompkins,
Miss Barbara Martin, Miss Marjorie Hile,
Miss Mable Perkins, Miss Elsa McClure,
Miss Ida Perry, Miss Caroline Nutt, Miss
Virginia Gray and Miss Josephine Stone.

CLUB DANCE

New York Herald

A dance for the members of the Colony
Club will be given in the Marseilles Hotd
to-morrow night. The patronesses will in-
clude Mmes. Edward Burton Williams,
William Grant Brown, Enuna Kip Ed-
wards, H. W. Harding, Hartwell B. Grubb,
William L. Sands, Edward Donnelly,
Harry Grimes and Upton Slingluff, and
Misses Florence Guernsey and Ella L.
Henderson.

228

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

DANCING PARTY
Chicago Herald

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Maxwell of
West Walton place gave a dance last night
at the Chicago Latin School for their
daughter, Miss Rosalie Maxwell, and her
young friends at home from school for the
holidays.

MUSICALE

Chicago Post

Mrs. Lamson Neil Pelham of Evanston
entertained a number of guests at a musical
this afternoon at 3 o'clock at her home,
1460 Appleton avenue. She was assisted
by Mrs. Henry P. Parker and Mrs. Walter
W. White. The artists were Mr. Heath
Gregory, who gave a group of songs, and
Mr. Theodore du Mouhn, cellist of the Chi-
ca^ Orchestra, with Mr. Shynman as
accompanist. The house was prettily dec-
orated and in every room there were masses
of fibwers and pots of heather.

. COLLEGE ALUMNAE MEETING

Chicago Herald

The regular meeting of the Chicago
Alumnae Association of Eappa Kappa
Gamma will be held Dec. 30, in room A of
the Chicago College Club. Mrs. L. J. Lam-
son will talk during the tea hour on the work
and needs of the Margaret Etter Creche,
which was founded by Mary F. Etter, a
Kappa of Epsilon Chieipter. Miss Louise
Merrill, a former president of this associa-
tion, will pour.

ANNOUNCEMENT OF LUNCHEON

Philadelphia Ledger

Mrs. Seymour Thornton has issued cards
for a limcheon at the Ritz-Carlton, to b&
followed by a matinee theatre party, Satur-
day, December 19, in honor of Miss Elinor
Judd Wilson, the debutante daughter of

Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Wilson. Among
the guests will be Mrs. Charles H. Wilson,
Mrs. Joseph B. Melton, Miss Katharine
Toney, Miss Marjorie Deland, Miss
Eleanor B. Robinson, Miss Ethel Brings,
Miss Frances Tyler, Miss Elizabeth G.
Jenkins, Miss Eleanore Curtis, Miss Elic-
abeth E. Mills, Miss Helena Rawlins, Miss
Qiristine Rice and Miss Edith Harrold.

ANNOUNCEMENT OF THEATRE

PARTY

PhUaddphia Ledger

Dr. and Mrs. T. Bradford Cotton have
sent out invitations for a theatre party,
followed by supper, at their home, 1802
Ashbury place, Monday night. Miss Hilda
Taylor, the debutante dau^ter of Mr. and
Mrs. Thomas R. Taylor, of Medina, is to
be the guest of honor and the other guests
are to be debutantes and men of the
younger set to the number of 18.

THEATRE PARTY

PhUaddphia Ledger

Mr. and Mrs. James Francis Chelten-
ham gave a theatre party last night in
honor of Miss Margaret Rand, daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Augustus Rand.
Afterwards the guests were entertained at
a supper at the Ritz-Carlton.

CARD PARTY

Kaneae City Star

Mr. and Mrs. Grant Milton Cofifey enter-
tained with an auction bridge party Friday
evening, at which the engagement of their
sister, Marion Perkins Clark, to Dr. Earl
Bispam was announced. The place cards
were water colored sketches of Cupid carry-
ing envelopes in which were the announce-
ments. Favors were won by Miss Eugenia
Devine, Mrs. J. W. Harter, Dr. Earl Bis-
pam and Mr. Benjamin G. Root. Guests
were limited to the friends of Miss Clark.

SOCIETY

329

CARD PARTY
Philaddpkia Ledger

A "600" party will be given by the fem-
inine members of the Valley Green Canoe
Club in the clubhouse Saturday afternoon
at 3 o'clock, to be followed by a buffet sup-
per and dancing in the evening. The en-
tertainment will mark the opening of the
new English grill room, where the dancing
will take place, and also the new library
and reception hall. The members who
have charge of the affair are: Mrs. James
Perkins, Mrs. Edmimd Chynoweth, Miss
Bessie Maxwell, Miss Irene Carter, Miss
Margaret Creig and Miss Mabel N. Don-
aldson.

DEBUTANTE'S PARTY

Philadelphia Ledger

Miss Elsa Catlin, debutante daughter of
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore W. Catlin, will be
the guest of honor at a party which John
WiUdns Frothingham, Jr., of School House
lane, Germantown, will give at The Rabbit
tomorrow night. The chaperones will be
Mrs. Catlin and Miss Sarah Wilkins Froth-
ingham, the latter the sister of the host.
The guests will be Miss Charlotte Harding,
Miss Virginia Racine, Miss Emilie P. Jack-
son, Miss Josephine Wooton, Miss Alice
Thompson, Miss Margaret Burton, Miss
Cordelia Brown, Miss Pauline Dickens,
Albert E. Kennedy, Jr., William Barry,
Rodney N. Land, Harry R. Neil, John C.
Bell, Jr., Thomas E. Fenton, Jr., Alexander
Mercer, Jr., Joseph G. B. Renton, John B.
Enox, 2d, Barclay Wood, Lewis Smith and
Andrew Van Brunt.

ENTERTAINMENTS FOR DIS-
TINGUISHED GUEST

Philadelphia Ledger

Mrs. Pethick Lawrence will be given
several entertainments during her stay in
this city. A reception will be held for her
tonight at the home of Miss Mary McMiu:-
trie, 1104 Spruce street. Those who will

receive with Miss McMurtrie and Mrs.
Lawrence will be Mrs. Edward Troth, Miss
Anne H. Wharton, the writer, Mrs. Edward
Parker Davis, Mrs. Morris Jastrow, Mrs.
Francis D. Patterson and Mrs. Thomas F.
Eirkbride.

Mrs. Lawrence will be the guest of Mrs.
H. H. Donaldson over Sunday.

VISIT

Chicago Herald

Ensign and Mrs. Wilson E. Spring of
Boston are visiting their parents, Colonel
and Mrs. Taylor E. Spring, at 9662 Een-
wood avenue. Mrs. W. E. Spring was Miss
Florence Berwin before her marriage last
August. They will return immediately after
New Year's to join Ensign Spring's ship
"Oklahoma," which will sail early in Jan-
uary for Cuba.

ENTERTAINMENTS FOR GLEE

CLUB

Chicago Post

The program to be rendered this year by
the Haxvaid Musical Clubs on Wednesday
evening, Dec. 30, at 8: 15 o'clock, in Orches-
tra Hall, is an especially attractive one.
The Glee Club, which last year distin-
guished itself by winning a competitive
^ee club meet in New York, occupies the
central position. Three Chicago men are
making the tour this year. They are Mn
Arthur Dee, 3d, of Oak Park, Mr. S. P.
Priestley and Mr. D. H. Curtis, who was
this year chosen assistant manager of the
clubs.

Following the concert Mrs. John Cotton
Barclay, 240 Lake Shore drive, will give a
dance at her home in honor of the members
of the clubs. As the dance this year is to
take place in a private home, the invita-
tions are limited. Mrs. Barclay's son, Mr.
Burton Barclay, is a Harvard man, and
his roommate, Mr. Charles Brunswick of
Detroit, formerly of Chicago, is a member
of the Glee Club and will take part in the
concert.

23©

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

Mrs. Charles C. Graves, 1404 Oaklawn
place, will be among those giving dinners
before the concert.

ENTERTAINMENT FOR CHARITY

New York Times

Announcement has just been made of
the debutantes and members of the younger
generation in society who are to take part
in the annual entertainment for charity of
the Junior League, which is to be held on
three nights, beginning Monday, ^an. 25,
at the Waldorf-Astoria. This entertain-
ment is always the culmination of the for-
mal season for the debutantes who make
up the membership of the League, and it is
largely attended by society.

The entertainment is to be called "Le
Jour F^rie," ("The HoUday,") and besides
a prognunme of dances, there will be booths
and a soda water foimtain, presided over
by one of the debutantes of the season. Re-
hearsals for the dances have been in prog-
ress for some time at the homes of Mrs.
C. B. Alexander, Mrs. John Jacob Astor,
Mrs. R. Fulton Cutting, and Mrs. William
J. Schiefifelin.

Mrs. Courtlandt Niooll of 405 Park
Avenue is in charge of the sale of tickets.

There is to be a carnival procession, after
which the special dances will be shown.
Miss Mary J. Schiefifelin is Chairman of
the Irish dance, in which the Misses Lillian
Talmage, Sylvia Holt, Eunice Clapp, Jose-
phine Wells, Marie Thayer, Eugenie Rand,
Rita Boker, Margaret Erhart, and an equal
number of yoimg men are to take part.

In the mirror dance will be Mrs. Wal-
ter Stillman, Miss Beatrice G. Pratt,
William Boulton, Jr., Lynford Dickinson,
and Horace Allen.

Miss Mary Alexander is Chairman of
th^ Pierrot dance, in which are to appear
Mrs. John Rutherford, and the Misses
Elsie Stevens, Marie Tailer, Carol Harri-
man, Muriel Winthrop, Ethel Crocker,
John Elliot, Schuyler Parsons, Bradish J.
Carroll, Jr., Stujrvesant Chanler, Suydam
Cutting, George Rushmore, and Reginald
Rives.

In the Russian dance, of which Miss
Edith Mortimer is Chairman, Mrs. Louis
W. No6l and the Misses Alexandra Emery
and Lisa Stillman, with Anderson Dana,
George B. Post, Jr., Auguste Nogl, Mau-
rice Roche, Gerald Murphy, and Edward
Shippen are to appear.

Miss Margaret Trevor is in charge of the
dance called "Moment Musicale," Miss
Mary Canfield is head of the Gavotte dance,
and Miss FVances Breese and Marie Louise
Enunet have organized the Harlequin
dance. Miss Eugenie Philbin is Chairman
of the Frivolite dance, in which there will
be a fancy fox trot. Miss Florence Blair
heads the list in the Spanish dance, while
Miss Josephine NicoU is Chairman of the
SaltoreUa dance and Miss Gladys Fries of
the Tyrolean dance.

Fifty society girls, many of them debu-
tantes, and as many young society men are
to take part in the carnival procession.

CHARITY BAZAAR

New York Herald

Members of the Universal Sunshine So-
ciety, foreseeing the demand that will be
made this winter by the poor in New York
for help, are devoting their energies to
their annual bazaar, which is to be held in
the McAlpin Hotel on the afternoon and
evening of Tuesday. Mrs. Florence Hart
Jerome is chairman of the sale.

A feature of the bazaar will be the flag
exhibit at the Peace and Plenty table, with
the official peace flag and autographed
photograph of the President which \dll be-
come the property of the person who takes
the flag. Mrs. Clarence Bums, president,
Mrs. Jane Pierce, general secretary, and
branch presidents will preside over the
various tables. These will be: — ^Aprons,
Mrs. C. D. Baldwin; tea table, served by
actresses; refreshments, Mmes. Damon
Lyon, M. B. Gates, Stuart Smith and J. J.
Coudrey, and the Misses R. Burlingham,
M. Loughey and M. Mutterer; fancy table,
Mrs. F. H. Dean and the Misses Eva Bolger
and Edna Schoneck; flower table, Mrs. H.
G. Kost and the Misses Helen Kost, Leo-

SOCIETY

231

nore Erikson, Sadie Spencer, Helen Gib-
bons, Alma Wolfe, Margaret Davies, H.
Nealy, F. L. Hurt and L. H. Macdonald;
candy table, Mrs. S. J. Scherer; home made
cake table, Mrs. R. G. Spencer and the ** In

Memoriam" branch, of Brooklyn, Miss M.
de Comps and small children. Miss Vic-
torine Hajres will sing during the evening.
The bazaar will open at two o'clock and
continue until midnight.

CHAPTER XV

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

Type of stoiy. Although most local events have been included in the
various classes of stories discussed in preceding chapters, there remain
several forms of city news that require separate consideration. Much inter-
esting, timely information is to be f oimd in schools, public libraries, museums,
parks, and various departments of city government. As activities supported
by public money, these institutions should be of interest to every citizen.
Real estate, building, manufacturing, and business matters also furnish
news of considerable interest and importance. Besides this information,
there are many little incidents in the daily life of every city that have no
significance as news but that can be written up as entertaining stories.
Hotels, railroad stations, docks, and street cars are frequently the scenes of
little comedies and tragedies that the reporter with keen insight into human
Ufe and with ability to portray them, turns into readable sketches. Animals
no less than persons may be the central figures in these stories.

Purpose. The aim in one class of these local stories is to furnish timely,
significant information in attractive form concerning public institutions and
business activities. The purpose of the other class is to entertain the reader
with little glimpses of the life of the city. Constructive journalism imder-
takes to stimulate the interest of every citizen in municipal affairs and in
public institutions by putting prominently before him from time to time
significant information about them. «

The utmost accuracy in presenting information of public affairs and
business matters, it is needless to say, is absolutely essential. It is important
to maintain the same standard of truthfulness in writing entertaioing feature
stories, not because their contents are of vital importance, but because a
newspaper, in order to command the confidence of its readers, cannot pre-
sent anything in its news colunms that is not true. Fictitious details are
no more justifiable in feature stories than in news stories.

Treatment. In order to interest the average reader in news of various
municipal activities it is necessary to make the stories attractive in form
and style. Striking facts and figures or unusual statements, featured at the

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

233

beginning^ catch the reader's eye and lead him to read the story as long as
its subject matter and style interest him. Effective use of statistics and com-
parisons is shown in the story "Public Schools Open," p. 233, Two stories
that begin with unusual statements are those entitled "School for Backward
Children," p. 235, and "New Feature in Manufacturing," p. 243.

Since there is practically no news interest in entertaining feature stories,
the reader's attention is attracted and held by the way in which the story-
is told. Narrative and descriptive beginnings, conversation, suspense, humor
and other devices used in short stories and novels are well adapted to these
news stories.

NoTB — The following story was pubUahed
same years before the European War.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS OPEN

New York World

There trooped into the public schools of
New York yesterday an army without
weapons, that in numbers exceeded the
great military force of the German Empire,
with its 613,000 fighting men; that was
greater than the standing army of France,
with its force of 529,000 available soldiers,
and that more than doubled Great Brit-
ain's defenders.

The school-house doors of the consoli-
dated city were thrown open to 625,000
pupils, commanded by 17,000 teachers, or
a greater number of commanders than now
direct the movements of the combined mil-
itary forces of the three powerful nations
in the world.

The United States Army, with its 70,000
men and officers, is a Uttle more than one-
tenth of this multitude. The entire budget
of the War Department, which includes a
vast expenditure outside of actual expense
for the maintenance of the army poets in
time of peace, was $103,000,000 last year.
New York's Board of Education, which in
1007 spent $19,845,870 for teachers' sala-
ries alone, has asked this year for $31,641,-
326.75 to carry out its plans for providing
additional accommodations for pupils.

The maintenance on a peace footing of
Japan's army of 220,000 men, which is a

little more than one-third of New York's
army of school children, will cost $35,000,-
000 or $40,000,000 at the most. The pay of
a New York Superintendent of Schools is
greater than the pay of a German general^
and only slightly below that of a British
commander of equal rank.

The eight associate superintendents in
New York command larger brigades than
any of the officers of equal rank in France,
Germany or Austria-Hungary.

PubUc School No. 1, which is located in
the most populous centre in the city —
Catherine, Oliver and Henry streets — and
which has 2,800 pupils on its roster, was
thrown open at 9 o'clock yesterday morn-
ing. There is no other school like it in
Manhattan, and its opening always has
attracted the interest of educators.

In the boys' department, during exer-
cises, the principal cautioned the bo3rs that
only boys over ten would be allowed to sell
newspapers, after school hours, and that
each must get a license to do it.

"We are exceedingly crowded in the
first grade," said Mr. Veit, "but I do not
think the school has greatly increased in
numbers. The removal of houses for the
erection of the Manhattan end of the
Manhattan Bridge has taken out many
families.

"We have four Chinese boys in this
school. Teachers would never have ner-
vous prostration if they had Chinese boys
to teach. They have great respect and
reverence for their teachers."

234

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

All registration figures were broken in
the Bronx, and when the schools opened
every seat was filled. At the Morris High
School, One Hundred and Sixth street and
Boston road, of which John H. Denbeigh
is principal, there were about three hun-
dred new applicants. Mr. Denbeigh ex-
pects there will be about two thousand
seven hundred pupils.

There was a distinct innovation in the
inauguration of a school for deaf mutes in
the old High School Building, at No. 235
East Twenty-third street. Superintendent
Maxwell is greatly interested in the pro-
spective work of the school. Although
liiere are many deaf mute children, un-
schooled, in New York City, there were
only sixty-five registered yesterday, owing
to the fact that few persons knew that a
deaf mutes' school was to be opened.

Annie Hamilton, ''stone deaf," who a
year ago could not distinguish a word or
articulate a sound, was brought to the new
school by an older brother.

Miss Regan extended her hand to the
child and said: ''Good morning, Annie;
how are you?"

"Very well, thank you," the child re-
plied, indistinctly.

Miss Regan smiled and shook her head.
Then she placed a finger at the child's tho-
rax and indicated that the vibrations were
not as they should be.

"What is your name? " she asked.

"Annie Hamilton." This time the reply
was quite plain.

The questions of the teacher were un-
derstood by the reading of the Ups.

NEW SCHOOLS

Chicago Herald

Two agencies designed to add to a boy's
"chance in the world" were opened in
Chicago yesterday. One of them intends to
train children in the rudiments of the art
of earning a living; the other hopes to re-
claim those who, through lack of economic
equipment, have stumbled and fallen.

The first is the Pullman Free School of
Manual Training, created under the terms

of the will of George M. PuUman, million-
aire car builder. The second is the voca-
tional school for prisoners at the bride-
well.

Ninety children, two-thirds of whom
were bojrs, enrolled at the Pullman school.
It is designed to provide free industrial
traming for those to whom circumstances
otherwise might have denied it.

The bridewell school is operated in oon-
jimction with the psychopathic hospital.
Its plans were explahied yesterday by John
L. Whitman, superintendent of the prison.

"Many of the petty ofifenders against
law are mental defectives," he said. " Lack-
ing mental grasp and manual efficiency,
th^ soon find that the industrial world has
no place open for them. The next step is
crime. His sentence at the bridewell over,
the boy returns to the world. Thus society
punishes without removing the cause of the
individual's wrongdoing.

"By opening this school we hope so to
train these boys that when they return to
the world th^ will, by virtue of the train-
ing received at the bridewell, have at least
the chance to do right."

The enrollment at the bridewell school
yesterday was twenty-five. It is a small
beginning for a big ideal. The Pullman
school is a big begimiing for an even more
worthy ideal — making the need of * * reclaim-
ing" unnecessary.

Mr. Pullman's will contained a bequest
of $1,250,000, to be used as a trust fimd for
the establishment of the school, his life's
dream. Trustees under the will invested
the money wisely, for it since has grown
until at present it aggregates more than
$3,000,000.

Under the terms of the bequest the school
is open free to "the children of persons liv-
ing in or emplo3red at Pullman." Thus its
benefits are not restricted to children of
employes of the Pullman Company.

The courses to be taught will include
cabinet work, pattern-making, black-
smithing, foundry work, machine shop
work, electric construction and steam and
electric operating, engineering, English,
mathematics, drawing and household arts
and sciences.

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

235

SCHOOL FOR BACKWARD
CHILDREN

Kanaaa CUy Star

"Dummy I Dummy I Gee, but you're a
dimimyl"

There are from 1,600 to 2,000 "dum-
mieis'' in the public schools of Kansas City,
it is estimated. They are the bo3rs and girls
who can't have anything "drummed into
their heads" and so are the laughing stock
of their classmates. Between five and six
hundred of them are feeble minded. A
large per cent of the "dunmiies," however,
are not all around "dummies" and might
be saved from becoming feeble minded and
a menace to society.

"What are you going to do with them?"

That is the question Dr. E. L. Mathias,
chief probation officer, is asking Kansas
City.

"Kansas City has got to wake up to the
situation," said Doctor Mathias yesterday
afternoon, in discussing the report of the
Juvenile Protective Association of Chicago.
A resume of the report was printed in The
Star of June 10. In that article the state-
ment was made by one authority that the
menace of the feeble minded was even
more grave than a foreign war or a native
pestilence.

"Kansas City is sixteen years behind the
times in taking up this problem," continued
Doctor Mathias. "Boston was the first
city to provide special training for its back-
ward and feeble minded children. Other
cities have followed suit and Kansas City
must do the same. If numerous surveys in
other cities have revealed a ratio of one
feeble minded person to every 250 it is
reasonable to suppose that a like condition
exists in Kansas City.

"Most of the backward children in the
schools are retarded by some physical de-
fect or taint of feeble mindedness. A very
small number of the mental defectives
ought to be in institutions. But the largest
per cent of the retarded children could be
saved by being given special training in
separate classes.

"The entire problem of the feeble minded
is even more serious. Little can be done

with the adults, except to place them in
institutions. Yet much can be done with
the present generation by directing the
minds of the mental defectives into useful
channels so that they will not become a
burden on the community and a menace
to society."

The board of education is considering
the problem and probably will start next
fall in a small way with a separate class
room and expert teachers.

READING IN SCHOOLS

Christian Science Monitor

Reading is to be given especial attention
in the public schools of Boston again this
winter in the hope that next June will see
the finest lot of readers the schools of the
city have ever produced.

Five points are to be especially observed:
1. Correct pronunciation of words at a^
acceptable rate of speed; 2. Expression of
the meaning of what is read; 3. Distinct
reading; 4. Pleasing use of the voice; 5.
Ability to get the meaning of what is read
silently.

Silent reading ability is to be made a
point of special attention, as it calls for the
application of the child's mind to definite
reasoning, which will in turn develop his
mental powers.

In a circular now being sent out to mas-
ters of elementary districts by the assistant
superintendent in charge, Mrs. EUor Car-
lisle Ripley, and approved by Superintend-
ent Dyer, they are requested to repeat this
3rear the general plan pursued last year for
increasing the interest in oral reading. They
are then asked to devise ways and means
of increasing the child's power to get ideas
from paragraphs read silently. The result
is expected to be two fold — ^to make more
intelligent and pleasing oral reading, and
to develop in children a fondness for read-
ing when it is done without the companion-
ship of others.

As last year there are to be reading con-
tests. On two occasions in the course of
this school year in all grades above the
third the children will hear, in their school

236

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

hall or some other selected place, readers
from their respective rooms. These read-
ers are to be selected by means that will
tend to improve the reading of all the pupils.

It is desired that the first series of read-
ings will be concluded by Dec. 23 of this
year, and that the second series be held
during the week beginning March 27 next.

No centralized arrangement will be made
this year for sending trained readers to the
schools, but as all colleges of reading hare
expressed themselves as very ready to
co-operate with the schools, it is believed
the masters can secure readers at desired
times.

Inter-district readings will begin April
25 and continue to June 1.. Each school is
requested to send one reader and one alter-
nate reader to the inter-district reading as-
signed to his school. At these reac^gs
each child will be allowed three minutes for
reading a familiar section supplied by his
school. Sight reading will also be furnished
and brief tests of edlent reading will be
made.

READING TESTS IN SCHOOLS

Chicago Herald

In the little red schoolhouse, if Johnnie
was slow in reading he was put in a comer,
where he held a ponderous volmne, if he
escaped corporal pimishment.

Now if Johnnie is a pupil in the elemen-
tary department of the school of education
at the University of Chicago he is sent to
the reading clinic of Dr. C. Truman Gray.

Dr. Gray, former reading expert at the
University of Texas, has been selected by
Director Charles H. Judd to conduct an
investigation here financed by the general
education board of New York. Dr. Abra-
ham Flexner, head of the Rockefeller edu-
cational body, is watching the investiga-
tion with interest.

At Dr. Gray's clinic Johnnie will spend
half an hour a day for five days. After
Johnnie's teacher has given Dr. Gray all
the information she can about his vision,
hearing, breathing and attention Johnnie
will be given some reading tests.

When Johnnie has read several prose se-
lections, each of increased difficulty; several
bits of poetry of a similar gradation, and a
bit of oratory he will be given a set of
printed questions, to which he will write the
answers, and then a number of printed
stories, which he will read and reproduce.

A careful record of Johnnie's time and
his number of errors on each of these experi-
ments will be kept.

Then Johnnie will be ready for the ma-
chines. He will be taken into a darkened
room and a printed selection will be pro-
jected on a screen. As Johnnie reads the
selection a blank phonograph record will
record his performance, an elaborate cam-
era will take pictures of his eye movements,
and an instrument fastened over his chest
will record his breathing.

A camera shutter device on the project-
ing machine will make it possible for the
li^t to be shut ofif the screen at any point,
and the number of words he can recall be-
yond the word he was pronouncing when
the selection disappeaied will show the
area of his attention.

From the careful examination of these
records Dr. Gray hopes to arrive at the
causes of poor reading and to find reme-
dies.

Dr. E. M. Freeman of the faculty of the
school of education is conducting a parallel
investigation into the teaching of writing
in the school.

MEDICAL INSPECTION

New York Globe

The medical inspection of the public
school children is unsatisfactory, according
to the local school board of District 29,
Brooklyn. This district lies within Flushii:^
avenue, Marcy avenue. Myrtle avenue,
Tompldns avenue, Lexington avenue. Sum*
ner avenue, Fulton street, Albany avenue.
Eastern Parkway, Washington avenue,
Fulton street, and Waverly avenue. The
members of the board have been ''keeping
tabs" on the doctors sent to the schools by
the B(Mird of Health. They have found lit-
tle uniformity in the work, some visitfl

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

237

lasting only a few minutes, and others a
whole afternoon, while anywhere from nine
to thirty pupils have been examined.

As a result of the investigation, the local
board has submitted a report to the Board
of Education suggesting that a more defin-
ite method of examination be required of
the visiting physicians. The board states
that it ''found that there is no uniformity in
their methods, except that they call daily
at the schools assigned to them. The calls
vary from five minutes to one and a half
hours, and the number of children exam-
ined from one or two or none, to twenty or
thirty per day. Some of the physicians visit
the classrooms, and others see only the
children who are reported by the teachers
as needing attention.''

This is the second criticism of the medi-
cal inspection received by the Board of
Education this smnmer, the first coming
from the Principals' Association of the City
of New York, which forwarded resolutions
to the effect 'Hhat the medical supervision
of our schools is incomplete and generally
unsatisfactory."

While there is no marked indication of
such an outcome at the present time, it
would not be at all surprising if an attempt
were made by certain of the members of
the Board of Education to induce the board
to take steps to take over the control of the
medical inspection by establishing a depart-
ment of school hygiene. This has been ad-
vocated by City Superintendent Maxwell
and by Dr. Luther H. Gulick, director of
physical training. While not as yet ap-
proved by the Board of Education, the
proposition is imder consideration by the
Charter Revision Commission.

The recent criticisms of medical school
inspection bear out those published by Dr.
Maxwell in his latest annual report, in
which he declared that "existing physical
examinations made by the Department of
Health are generally inadequate, and even
when they are adequate are not followed
by the desired results." In support of this
statement Dr. Maxwell quoted from prin-
cipals' reports to show that in only 248
schools — less than half the total number —
were any examinations made for phjrsical

defects — as distinguished from examina-
tions to detect contagious disease. In these
248 schools not more than one-third of the
pupils were examined. It is only a few
months since any examinations for physical
defects were made outside of the boroughs
of Manhattan and the Bronx, and then only
because of the criticisms emanating from
the New York committee of physical wel-
fare of school children.

PUBLIC LIBRARY

MUwavkee Sentinel

"In the thirty-seven years' history of
the Milwaukee public library we have never
been able to trace a single case of conta-
gious disease to a library book that had
been passed from a home in which the
disease existed to one hitherto free."

This was the reply of J. V. Cargill, as-
sistant librarian of the Milwaukee public
library, to Dr. John Dill Robertson, health
commissioner of Chicago, who has expressed
the belief that library books are a medium
for spreading such diseases as grippe, sore
throat, measles, whooping cough, small pox,
diphtheria, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and
erysipelas. Dr. Robertson has sent a letter
to Librarian Henry E. Legler of the Chi-
cago public library asking co-operation in an
effort to stamp out any danger of spreading
diseases in this way.

According to Mr. Cargill every possi-
ble effort is made by the Milwaukee
library to prevent the spread of disease.
In this the officials co-operate with the Mil-
waukee health department. Daily lists of
the homes in which contagious, disease is
found are furnished to the library, and
books that are returned from such homes
are fumigated in a large vault at the main
library. When a health inspector visits a
home in which there is contagious disease,
one of his first questions is whether or not
there are library books. If such books are
found the cards identif3ring them are re-
moved by the inspector and mailed to the
library, according to Mr. Cargill. When the
patient recovers and the health depart-
ment fumigates the house, the library

23^

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

books are also fumigated as an added pre-
caution.

The average book passing from home to
home is never fumigated or otherwise dis-
infected, Mr. Cargill admitted, but he ex-
pressed doubt that any diseases were spread
by such books.

Among the ways in which Dr. Robertson
of Chicago says disease may be spread are
the following: Dampening the fingers to
turn pages, placing books open side down-
ward upon a bed, coughing or sneezing
upon the pages or giving books to convales-
cent patients.

MUSEUM

New York Timea

Rain gods, storm charms, rattles to
make the thunder come, strange amulets
which invite the lightning, more than five
hundred devices in aU which the Zuni In-
dians believe open up the sluice-ways of the
skies, were unpacked early yesterday morn-
ing at the American Museimi of Natural
History.

They had just come from New Mexico,
where they had been collected for the mu-
seum by Dr. A. L. Kroeber of the Univer-
sity of California, who at great trouble and
expense had induced the bad weather gods
to come east. About the time the lid came
off the first packing case the wind carried
sheets of water agsunst the attic where the
collection is now on view and the tempest
howled and shrieked until the little rain
gods themselves shook under the hurly
burly out-of-doors. The water god, Long
Horn, rolled over to where the flower god
was l3dng, and shook himself for very joy,
for he felt that the man tribe of this great
city would certainly be very thankful for
all the downpoiu:.

It is so dry in the venerable town of the
cliff dwellers, Zuni, that most of the time
the streets are filled with dust, and top
stories of the old cliff dwellings powder up
and blow away in all directions. The In-
dians have lived there for 365 years with-
out being in any way affected by the man-
ners and customs of the white men, accord-

ing to Dr. Ejoeber, who has just come from
a residence of several months among them.
Even though the United States Govern-
ment has made a big reservoir and dug irri-
gation ditches for the Zunis, they still keep
up their primitive worship, which revolves
around the pra3rer, "Gods, give us rain."
As the tribe lives almost entirely upon the
maize it raises, the ceremonies of rain-
making bear an important part in its life.
Most of the conversation of the Zunis con-
sists of ''Do you think there will be a
shower?" and "Neighbor, how is your com
growing?"

In many centuries there has been built
up a ritual for the worship of the sky gods
which is very intricate and m3n3terious and
includes many secret observances. The
study which Professor Kroeber hafl made
is a very important one, for he will be able
to describe observances about which little
has been known. Many of the sacred sym-
bols in his possession were acquired after
much trouble and not a little risk, for the
Zunis have an unwritten law that no white
man is to have any of the objects used in
their ceremonies, and that any one parting
with them is entitled to have his throat
cut.

The rain gods are dressed in fantastic
garb, and the clash of their primitive hues
can be heard at a great distance. One of
the symbols of the lightning is a blue pan-
tagraphlike arrangement of lattice work
which suddenly opens out to represent the
quick discharge of the bolts of the gods.
There are charms made like the forked
flashes placed over the doors to invite the
showers. In the great dances the partici-
pants wear wooden headgear carved to
represent cloud forms and the moon and
stars. Every creature which loves the wet
is worked into the symbolism of Zuni wor-
ship. There are tadpoles, frogs, turtles,
ducks, and geese, all of which are repre-
sented by the masks worn when the
invocations to the gods of the rain are
given.

There are rattles made of shells, which,
attached to the knees, make a prodigious
noise. Peculiar spindle>like devices at-
tached to long thongs may be swung about

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

239

the head until they giro a sound which to
the Zuni imagination suggests the roll of
thunder. One of the most valuable articles
of the new collection is a bowl, probably of
the period before Columbus came to this
continent, which is notched aU around with
a step-like device, typifying the clouds and
adorned with raised figures of fish and polli-
wogs and ducks. It is filled with water
when the rain dances are given, and a mass
of suds is made in it by adding soap weed.
The priest stirs up the mixture with his
hands, and the lather brimming over the
sides of the bowl gives the effect of fleecy
doudB.

The collection, which is one of the most
important ever brought out of the South-
west, is to be arranged by Dr. Kroeber,
who has obtained a leave of absence from
the University of California for that pur-
pose. He was kept in the Museum all day
by the snow, sleet, and rain.

MUNICIPAL IMPROVEMENTS

Boston Transcript

Traffic conditions are regarded as so dan-
gerous at the comer of Tremont and School
streets, on account of the laying of the
high-pressure pipes, that the nuiyor hafl
ordered the contractor to work night and
day, with forces as large as practicable,
imtil the work is finished.

The mayor was informed of the situation
when he arrived at City Hall this morning
and immediately made a personal inspec-
tion. He found large piles of dirt at each
comer of School street and wagons used by
the contractor so placed in receiving their
loads that at times it was practically im-
possible for vehicular traffic to move at all.
School street is one of the one-way thor-
oughfares and the volume of traffic that
moves into it at the comer of Tremont,
from both Tremont and Beacon streets, is
very large at certain times of the day.
Under the best conditions dangers are daily
presented with swiftly moving automobiles
coming down Beacon Hill, either to make
the turn or to move straight ahead. It will
probably be necessary to dose School street

some time this week, and, in fact, many
persons declared today that such an order
might prevent a serious accident, with con-
ditions continuing as they are at present.

The laying of the high-pressure pipes
along Tremont street has been anything
but agreeable to the contractor. The vari-
ous underground wires and conduits of the
public service corporations are ordinarily
well placed in the files, but the ground be-
neath the asphalt of this thoroughfare con-
tained numerous obstacles which were not
antidpated by the dty engineen who
planned for the new system.

At the comer of Tremont and Boylston
streets the contractor found that, in order
to carry the pipes in accordance with the
blue prints, a huge two-foot main conduit
of the gas company would have to be
shifted. This caused much delay and it
will be weeks before the changes will be
made to satisfy the city authorities. To-
day a large space on the surface was
boarded. Then followed the every-day
difficulties encountered by the laborers in
digging up the ties of the old street rail-
way, which were not removed when the
line was banished from the street.

Today the laborers met with a still great sr
surprise when they encountered solid rock,
brick and concrete obstructions far beneath
the surface, and also deeply imbedded piles
which had remained in the earth for scores
of years and which do not appear on any
blue print of the street that the City Hall
records contain. It was learned, however,
that the tunnels of brick and concrete were
parts of an old steam-heating system in^
stalled many years ago by a company that
planned to heat buildings at much less cost
to the occupants than could possibly be
done by individual plants. These opera-
tions were of short duration, and when
they were given up, the dty authorities
failed to oblige the removal of the tunnels,
which are eight feet beneath the surface
and of no hindrance to the other under-
ground works.

The laborers are also digging up today
the remnants of the physical property of the
old Massachusetts Telephone Company,
which existed nearly twenty years ago.

240

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

MUNICIPAL WORK

Springfield Republican

Co-operation between the dty and the
public seryice corporations to a greater
extent than before in order to prevent the
tearing up of newly laid pavement is ex-
pected to result from the Dickinson-street
case, in which a pavement that has been
down only two years is being broken open
so that the United electric light company
can put in its conduits. Samuel L. Wheeler,
inspector of underground wires and con-
duits, who prescribes what wires shall be
put undergroimd each year, will try to
place before the public service associates
the plans for his work a year or more in
advance. Thus the companies will have a
chance to get their wires imderground
before the streets are paved.

Mr Wheeler is obliged by law to order
a mile of wire put underground each year
in order that eventually all wires within a
two-mile radius of the City hall shall be
underground. In his 15 years of work this
is the first time that such a situation as
that on Dickinson street has arisen. Super-
intendent Fred H. Clark of the department
of streets and engineering said yesterday
that no one is really to blame, since the
street had to be paved when it was, and it
was impossible at the time to order the
wires underground before the paving was
put down. The electric light company has
expressed its willingness to co-operate in
every way that it can. The supervisors
have ordered the paving of Pine street and
between Cedar and Walnut streets the
company's wires are still above groimd.
Although Mr Wheeler has not ordered
these wires to be put underground, the
company has said it will try to get them
under even though its appropriation for
this work has been made for the year.

The supervisors and the street railway
officials will confer this afternoon to plan
for the relaying of tracks so that the work
will precede street paving. The company
intends to relay its tracks on Main street
between the arch and the car bams and on
Chestnut street between Allendale street
and Jefferson avenue. Paving is to be done

on these streets but it will follow the crack
work. The company does not vant to
relay its tracks on State street near Hie
New England railroad, however, although
the city wants to pave there, and a similar
situation may arise on other streets where
the company thinks its tracks good for a
year or two longer. It is to consider these
situations that the conference will be held.

NEW MUNICIPAL EQUIPMENT

Boston Transcript

Bursting water mains are not so great a
menace in Boston since the water depart-
ment installed a motor truck with a power
appliance for quickly closing the heavy
gates. Work which formerly required four
men, laboring continuously for forty-five
minutes, can be done in ten minutes by
using the power of the truck. This mechan-
ical device, an invention of George H.
Finneran, superintendent of the distribu-
tion branch of the water department, not
only conserves the water supply and re-
duces the damage due to breaks, but per-
mits of rapid r^ulation of water volume
at fires, facilitates the testing of gates and
relieves the anxiety always attending de-
rangement or damage to the water ssrstem.

In one of Boston's most important thor-
oughfares, Hned with costly buildings,
there is a water main which, if completely
broken apart, would allow the escape of
50,000 gallons of water eauh minute. Con-
trolling this line are gate valves thirty-six
inches in diameter which, in closing, re-
quire 307 turns of a gate wrench and, for-
merly, the services of four men for about
forty-five minutes. A few minutes' delay
sometimes meant the loss of life and thou-
sands of dollars. These gates, the largest
in the city, can now be closed in ten min-
utes by one man and the motor truck,
which was built for the purpose by the
White Company of Cleveland.

The truck is required to respond to fire
alarms and other emergencies where water
must be controlled to prevent loss or dam-
age. The calls are frequently overlapping,
and crews are on duty day and night. The

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

241

runs vary from one block to the farthest
end of the water system. Under the old
scheme, when severed gates had to be closed,
the few men available at night were almost
exhausted before shutting the last gate.
By its ability to work continuously the
truck has relieved the fear of being unable
to cope with any emergency.

The gate-closing device consists of a
universal wrench socket with a worm gear,
enclosed in an aluminum housing and
mounted on the running board of the truck,
so that it can be easily brought into posi-
tion immediately over a water-gate man-
hole. When the truck is in position a
wrench is slipped through the socket. This
wrench fits the nut on the gate-gear below.
The universal wrench socket, together with
a universal joint on the end of the wrench,
affords sufficient flexibility in case the
truck is not on level ground, or in case the
wrench socket is not directly over the gate
nut. It is an easy matter, however, for the
driver to bring his truck into the exact
position.

The worm gear is driven off the regular
transmission of the truck. The device is
operated by a lever placed upon the side
of the truck and easily accessible to the
driver. In closing gates the forward speeds
of the transmission are used. In opening
the reverse is used. All gears are made of
chrome or nickel steel. All bearings are
ball bearings. The aluminum housing is
firmly bolted to the frame of the chassis
and well braced to resist torque. The
wrench is a hollow square steel tube ter-
minating in a specially hardened steel
socket with universal joint between socket
and tube.

The gates are equipped with indicators
showing the position of the valve and in-
forming the operator when the valve is
seated or entirely opened. Where indica-
tors have not been attached to the gates a
coimter is used. This counter is placed on
the end of the wrench recording the number
of its revolutions. This helps the operator
to determine when the valve is entirely up
or down. As a means of safety in the event
of the valve seating with force or before
the operator expected, a pin of known

strength, placed in the universal joint of
the wrench, breaks off and breaks the line
of force between the engine and the gate,
thus preventing damage to either the gate
or the g;ate-operating device.

SAFETY CAMPAIGN

New York Herald

With the belief that Long Island will be
the touring ground for more motor cars
this simimer than ever before, largely on
account of the European war, Jomsa A.
McCrea, general manager of the Long
Island Railroad, has announced the begin-
ning of a campaign of sign display asking
the public to co-operate with the railroad
in saving human life.

Enormous signs, 2^x10 feet, electrically
illimiinated at night, will be stretched
across the highways, in many cases at-
tached to the structure of the modern over-
head crossings, making a plea to the motor-
ists as they speed under them to be careful
in approaching and passing over the grade
crossings that still remain on the main
highways of the island. The railroad has
eliminated more than three himdred grade
crossings at an expense of 15 million dol-
lars, and yet fatal accidents occur in some
places where there is a wide open view of
the railroad in both directions. There are
still 631 grade crossings between New York
City and Montauk Point. Of these more
than three himdred are guarded by gate-
men, two at some points, at a cost to the
railroad of $25,000 a month.

Careful motorists do not combat in the
least the statement, frequently made by
the railroad officers, that many of the fatal
grade crossing accidents on Long Island
were the result, pure and simple, of the
motorists' recklessness. Many of them
drive too carelessly over the crossings, the
officers maintain, assuming all the time
that the locomotive driver is looking out for
them. Mutual watchfulness is observed in
the city, and it is contended that the same
should be true in the country.

Ten great signs already have been erected
at prominent points, where they cannot

243

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

fail to attract the attention of motorists.
They are in black and white letters that
may be read several blocks away. They
caution:

THIS SIQir MAT SAYB TOUB UTM TODAY.

All the precautions in the worid
will not save the lives of those who
drive automobiles recklessly over
railroad crossings.

When approaching a crossing please
stop, look and listen.

We are doing our part. Won't you
do yours?

LONG ISLAND RAILROAD.

Mr. McCrea says the grade crossing
problem has been a stupendous one, par-
ticularly since the advent of the motor car.
He is open to suggestions that will elimi-
nate the d^ger at any point and immedi-
ately accepted two that were made to him
by persons interested only in the safety of
the public in general. One was in r^erenoe
to a dangerous crossing, now guarded by
men and lights, but where the conforma^
tion of the ground so places the lights that
they are practically valueless as a warning.
The other was in reference to the color of
the gates used by the Long Island Railroad
and all others in this country. The univer-
sal custom in this country is to paint the
gates white.

In Europe, particularly in Germany and
Austria, all the railroad gates, toll gates
and custom house gates are painted black
and white. They can be seen for long dis-
tances and are almost as easily observed
in the night as in the day.

Not only is the railroad putting up signs
calling the attention of motorists to the
danger of driving recklessly over grade
crossings; it will conduct an advertising
campaign with a series of ''life saving bul-
letins.'' These will appear regularly and
will plead for greater care on the part of
motorists. One of its ''life saving bulletins"
will read in part:

Watch for the flagman's lantern.
Listen for the warning bell.
Blow down.
Look up and down the rails.

We are doing all that time and money
permits in abolishing grade crosskigs.
Will you help us end accidents by doing
your share?

BUSINESS MERGER

Mihoaukee SenHnd

Through a deal involving about $400,000,
the Milwaukee-Western Fuel company has
bought out entirely the docks, property and
business of the Northwestern Fuel com-
pany's Milwaukee branch.

llie big merger has been pending for a
year. Agreement was finally reached on
Wednesday, although details were not
arranged until Saturday. The Milwaukee-
Western will take full possession on Mon-
day.

It is in no sense a consolidation. As far
as Milwaukee business is concerned the
Northwestern Fuel company has ceased to
exist. As one of its Milwaukee officials
remarked after the deal was closed, "They
have swallowed us whole, head and tail."

The Northwestern company was one of
the oldest coal firms in Milwaukee, having
had offices here for thirty-two years. In
sales it did a yearly business in the city of
about $2,000,000.

The deal brings a great amount of valu-
able property into the hands of the Mil-
waukee-Western Fuel company. Its bought
out rival had on hand about 75,000 tons of
coal. It possessed two large coaJ docks.
One, at the foot of Washington street, with
two slips on the Kinnickinnic river, is
1,000x500 feet in size. This dock is on the
Chicago and North-Westem road. The
other is at the foot of Seventeenth street
and has 1,000 feet frontage on the Me-
nomonee river. It is on the Chicago, Mil-
waukee and St. Paul road.

The capacity of the two docks combined
is estimated at 150,000 tons of anthracite
and 200,000 tons of bituminous coal. Their
loading capacity aggregates 150 cars a day.

The Milwaukee offices of the North-
western Fuel company were at 152 Second
street. For a time they will be used by the
Milwaukee- Western company as a branch

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

243

office. The Northwestern will also use
them until its affairs are settled. Whether
the offices will be continued as a branch of
the Milwaukee- Western Fuel company's
big offices at 14 Wisconsin street has not
yet been determined.

Under the terms of the deal the piurchaser
will assume responsibility for all unfilled
contracts of the Northwestern company.
The Milwaukee- Western expects to be able
to give positions to nearly all the Milwau-
kee employes of the Northwestern.

The deal makes the Milwaukee- Western
Fuel company sole agents in this city for
the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western
road's Scranton anthracite and standard
hard coal, for which the Northwestern Fuel
company was also agent.

Officers of the Milwaukee-Westem say
that the change will increase their com-
pany's business by from 300,000 to 400,000
tons yearly.

The headquarters of the Northwestern
Fuel company are in St. Paul, and it has
big docks in Duluth and Superior. Its chief
business lies in that section of the country.
This will remain unimpaired, for the present
deal affects only the Milwaukee branch.

The officers of the Milwaukee-Westem
Fuel company are: President, Edward A.
Uhrig; vice president, Alexander Uhrig;
secretary and treasurer, Charles W. Moody.

NEW FEATURE IN MANUFAC-
TURING

Chicago Tribune

This is the story of a world war, a de-
spairing manufacturer, and a cow's ear.

The despairing manufacturer shall be
nameless here. In Chicago and all over the
coimtry his name is well known as one of
the greatest makers of water color paint in
America.

The part taken by the world war is told
in the trade columns, where its effects on
industry in the United States have been
vividly shown. The cow's ear belonged to
a cow that may have been called ^' Boss" or
'^Bess," but that isn't so important.

The agency that overcame the world

war, that soothed the manufacturer, that
foimd the cow's ear and introduced the
two shall receive its deserved mention — it
was the Chicago Association of Commerce.

It was more than a month ago that the
water coldt* paint manufacturer came to the
civic industrial division of the Commerce
association and told of his business woes.

'' We are about to shut down on account
of the war," he said. ''We can send out
no more paint to our trade. For years we
have supplied them with an imported water
color paint brush with each box.

''The brushes are made in Germany. It
is a secret process. They use either camel's
hair or rabbit's hair of a fine quality. They
are excellent brushes. Our trade is demand-
ing them. We have none left. We can get
no more on account of the war. We shall
have to close down."

Anderson Pace, industrial conmiissioner
for the association, told the manufacturer
to hold on a little longer. He started in-
quiries in all lines known to the association.
The country was ransacked for imported
water color brushes, and all to no avail.

Then the investigators, right here in
Chicago, and without wasting a postage
stamp, got in conmiunication with a stock-
yards savant who was the originator of the
boast that "none of the pig escaped but the
squeal."

''The most tender, delicate, yet strong
and soft hair in the world is to be found
only in a cow's ear," said the stockyards
genius. " Camel's hair and imported rab-
bit's hair can't touch it for quality. It
makes the best water color brushes that
can be made."

At the stockyards today men with
shears are snipping the tender hairs from
Bossy's ears as the bodies of the slain
animals are conveyed from the killing pens.
In New York a broker has made arrange-
ments with a brush manufacturer, who is
putting out an article that artists say fits
itself much more readily to the application
of water color than the old brushes im-
ported from Germany.

In Chicago the nameless great manu-
facturer of water color paint despairs no
more. His plant is running, his force is

>44

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

busy, his employes are bappy, and the
orders are coming just the same as before
the war.

REAL ESTATE

Chicago Tribune

Another of the old exclusive homes in
the one time fashionable block on Prairie
avenue between Eighteenth and Nine-
teenth streets, is to be given over to busi-
ness uses, the Arthur Meeker residence at
1815, which has been purchased by D. C.
Heath & Co., school book publishers. The
conveyance was made by Mrs. Grace M.
Meeker, and a consideration of $35,000 is
named in the deed, which was filed for
record yesterday.

The house, which is a large, attractive
three story stone structure, was erected by
Joseph Sears about thirty years ago, and
about ten years ago was purchased by Mr.
Meeker and extensively remodeled by him.
It contains twenty-one rooms. It occupies
a lot 75x140 feet extending back to a
twenty foot alley, and there is a large
garage in the rear.

The Heath company, which is the third
largest school book publishing house in
the coimtry, and is now located in the
Studebaker building on South Wabash
avenue, will locate their business at their
Prairie avenue purchase about March 1,
using the house for their general offices,
and the garage, which will be enlarged, for
their stock room. The sale was negotiated
by Eugene A. Boumique & Co.

REAL ESTATE

Philadelphia Ledger

The six and a half acre plot of groimd
at 5th and Cayuga streets, which has been
used as a picnic park for a number of
years, under the name of Central Park,
has been sold by S. C. Abernethy for
Joseph S. Slomkowski to a builder, who
will begin the work of developing the
ground in the spring by the erection of
about 30 houses on the 5th street front

and 65 houses on Reese street. The price
paid for the ground was close to $60,000.
Practically aU of the tract has been sold
with the exception of a small section south
of Cayuga street. The seller reserves for
his own use a plot of ground 120 feet by
130 feet at the comer of 5th and Cayuga
streets, on which he will build a new hotel.
The ground sold has a frontage of more
than 700 feet on the west side of 5th street
to Annsbury street, with a frontage of 307
feet on Cayuga street to the North Penn
Railroad, and a frontage of 400 feet on the
north boundary. The sale is the largest
transaction in ground made in this section
of the city for several years. Central Park
has for years been a faxrorite picnic ground
during the summer, particularly with labor
organizations.

PROPOSED NEW HOTEL

Boston Transcript

Another large hotel, to cost about
$1,250,000, is to be erected in the retail
section of the city, at the comer of Wash-
ington and Avery streets. The Common-
wealth Associates, Inc., who acquired title
to the land last nK>nth, have let the con-
tract for the construction of an eleven-
story building to the Haynes Constmction
Company. Clarence H. Blackall is the
architect and Hurd '& Gore are the con-
sulting architects. Morse Brothers have
taken a lease of the hotel for a period of
twenty years.

With the exception of the Washington
street frontage and about 100 feet fronting
on Avery street, which will be used for
stores, the entire building will be devoted
to the purposes of a first-class commercial
hotel. On the first floor will be the office,
reading-room, large public dining-room
and buffet. In the basement, under the
comer of Ha3m[iarket place and Avery
street, there will be a rathskeller, entered
both from the hotel and from the street,
with the kitchens, serving-rooms, etc., in
the rear, under the hotel lobby. A sub-
basement will contain storerooms, machin-
ery, heating plant, etc.

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

245

The second floor will be largely taken up
by another public dining-room, banquet-
roonii etc., the remainder of the building
being given over to guest rooms, with the
exception of the eleventh story, which will
contain specially fitted sample-rooms for
commercial travellers. The rooms will be
unusually spacious, with convenient al-
coves for b^. Large windows will light
the room i»x>per and the alcove. The finish
will be of carefully selected Missouri red
gum, stained a rich mahogany.

The building will be fireproof in every
particular, and will be constructed in ac-
cordance with the most approved methods,
practically no wood being used except for
the doors and windows. All floors will be
of concrete, with tile and marble-finished
flooring in the public rooms and corridors,
tiling in all the bathrooms and carpets else-
where. The building will be heated and
ventilated in an approved manner and fur-
nished with all the electrical appliances.
The elevators and stairs will be centrally
located, so as to give immediate access to
all parts of the house.

The exterior will be of limestone and
bribk in the style of the French Renais-
sance, which effect will be carried through
the decorations and finish of the principal
rooms. A broad marquise finished in
bronze will mark the entrance of the hotel
proper and extend along the whole front-
age. A service entrance will be at the rear
on Haymarket place.

Leases for the stores have already been
arranged on long terms with David H.
Posner and Goes & Young, both of whom
have stores in other parts of the city. The
Commonwealth Associates, Inc., owners of
the property, were organized through the
office of Codman & Street, Easton Build-
ing, with George U. Crocker, president;
Max Shoohnan, vice president, and Gerald
G. E. Street, treasurer.

MUNICIPAL BOND SALE

Springfield Republican

City Treasurer E. T. Tifft yesterday sur-
prised himself and financi^ experts as well

by selling a bond issue of $1,000,000 at re-
markably good terms, in spite of the tsdng
up of money by war conditions. The issue
was sold to N. W. Harris & Co of Boston,
who will pay the city a premium of $5670,
bringing the interest rate down to 4.30 per
cent. This rate is less than one-half of 1
per cent higher than the rate for last year's
issue, and congratulations are coming to
the city and to the city treasurer on this
success from many financial men who have
been looking with interest on this issue as
the first test of the bond market since the
war began.

The bid of the winning company was
100.567, while the second bid was made by
the Third national bank of this city offering
100.44. E. H. Rollins Sons, A. B. Leach &
Co, Perry, Coffin & Burr, and Blake Bros
& Co, all of Boston, made a joint bid for
the issue which was third, the bid being
100.176. Of the $1,000,000 there was
$200,000 on the municipal building loan
pa3naig 4 per cent, and the remaining
$800,000 is in 4}^ per cent bonds. The issue
was made up of the following loans: Muni-
cipal building loan, 20 years, 4 per cent,
$200,000; hig^ school of commerce, 20 years,
4H per cent, $150,000; Fulton-street loan,
20 years, 4^ per cent, $400,000; Myrtle-
street school addition, 20 years, 4^ per
cent, $136,000; land for school, Franklin
and Greenwood streets, 20 years, 4^ per
cent, $64,000; Brightwood school addition,
20 years, 4}^ per cent, $25,000; Walnut-
street engine house addition, 20 years,
4H per cent, $25,000; total, $1,000,000.

The rate at which these bonds were sold
shows that the state of the money market
is not as far from normal as was feared by
many people, and at the same time an
opportunity is given to local people to in-
vest in the city bonds at a price which will
bring them a better return than can be ob-
tained on the issues in usual times. These
bonds are tax exempt, the exemption ex-
tending to the federsd income tax. Interest
on municipal bonds is collectible without
certificates of ownership and individuals
are not required to report the income to
the federal government. The successful
bidders, N. W. Harris & Co, are represented

84^

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

in this city by Percy O. Dorr, who has offices
in the Massachusetts Mutual building.

llie Boston News Bureau, commenting
on the sale, says: ''The sale of $1,000,000
bonds to N. W. Harris & Co by the dty of
Springfield ta<lay is striking evidence of a
revival of confidence in the bond market.
The bankers are o£Fering the bonds on the
following bases: For the 4^'s, 1915 matur-
ity, 4^ per cent basis; 191^1919, 4.20 per
cent basis; 1920-1934, 4.15 per cent basis.
For the 4's, 1915 maturity, 4^ per cent
basis; 191^1919, 4.20 per cent basis;
1920-1954, at 99. To gain some idea of
the attractive level at which these bonds
are being sold, compared with prices for
previous issues, it need only be remembered
that in 1913 the city obtained a 3.88 per
cent basis for an issue of bonds, a 3.81 per
cent basis in 1912 and a 3.51 per cent basis
in 1911. The current sale is the most im-
portant bit of public financing which has
been accomplished in the local market
since the war began. It is more than ordi-
narily significant that one of the biggest
New England banking houses should take
hold of this Springfield issue at a time when
the bond market is suffering more or less
from excessive timidity. It serves the dou-
ble purpose of providing for the financial
needs of one of New England's largest cit-
ies and of creating a little interest in the
bond market on a basis which is fair both
to the city and to the investor. There is
evidence of returning courage and confi-
dence."

RAILROAD DIVIDEND

Chicago Tribune

Directors of the Pennsylvania company
declared yesterday a semi-annual dividend
of 1 per cent as against the usual dividend
of 4 per cent at this time of the year. Since
1910 the Pennsylvania company has paid
7 per cent yearly, divided into two semi-
annual installments of 3 per cent in the
first half and 4 per cent in the second half
of the year.

The issued capital of the Pennsylvania
company is $80,000,000. The annual dis-

bursement has been, since 1910, $5,600,000
annually. This year, however, the com-
pany has declared only 4 per cent, or $3,200-
000, so that the reduced amount of dividends
is $2,400,000.

The Pennsylvania company operates all
the lines of the Pennsylvania system west
of Pittsburgh. All the stock of the Penn-
sylvania company is owned by the Penn«>
sylvania Railroad company, and to the
latter corporation aU the dividends have
been paid.

The outstanding capital stock of the
Pennsylvania Railroad company is $499,-
265,700. The annual dividends from the
Pennsylvania company have been equal to
something over 1 per cent on the capital
stock of the Pennsylvania Railroad com-
pany, and the cut made yesterday in divi-
dends is equal to about ^ per cent on the
railroad company's stock. The railroad
company pays its shareholders 6 per cent
per annum, this rate having obtained since
1908. The railroad company's earnings
last year, that is, 1913, were 8.02 per cent
on the share capital.

The 5 per cent raise in freight rates
granted by the interstate commerce com-
mission was denied to coal, coke and iron
ore. The coal and coke business of the
Pennsylvania system amounts to about
one-third of the company's gross business
and on that no advance will be received.

In connection with the reduction of the
Pennsylvania company's dividend, the di-
rectors issued a statement saying that the
cut was due ''chiefly to a large decrease in
trafiBc and a material reduction in the rev-
enues of the lines west of Pittsburgh."

Meanwhile the directors of the Pittsburgh,
Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, one of
the controlled lines of the Pennsylvania
company, met and decided not to consider
the semi-annual dividend distribution un-
til the next meeting of the board, on Dec. 30.

RETAIL PRICE OF BEEP

Boston HerM

That there is no truth in the report em-
anating from Chicago to the effect that the

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

247

record-breaking drought in Kansas will
cause the retail prices of beef to go to un-
heard of prices in the winter, is the decla-
ration of local provision dealers. It is their
opinion that, as the dry spell is only in cer-
tain sections of Kansas, it cannot a£Fect
materially the prices in the East.

There has been no increase in prices
lately, they further declare, and certain
choice cuts are, in fact, a great deal lower
than at this time last year. The choicest
cuts in sirloin steak are more than 10 cents
lower than they were in 1912 and other cuts
are in the same proportion.

''There is no danger of the prices of beef
being raised in the winter in the East," de-
clared a local representative of a large
packing house. ''There need be no fear
that the steady rush of cattle to the big live
stock markets of the middle West will ma-
terially raise the prices here. In fact, the
prices are lower on some cuts than last
year and I see no reason why they should
not continue to stand at the same price.
One must remember that the droiight is
confined only to certain sections of the
state of Kansas and that other sections of
the country are not affected. If there is a
raise in prices it will be confined only to
those immediate regions where the drought

IS.

That the packers are making fortunes
during the dry spell is also denied by the
local dealers. While live stock prices are to
a certain extent lower now, the wholesale
prices on the average have also decreased
and the housewife is getting the benefit of
it, is their assertion. They further declare
that the packers make a small profit at
best and also that the retailers' profit is
not great, as they have unusually heavy
expenses.

LOCAL MARKET PRICES

Boston Transcript

Peaches, peaches, and then more
peaches, meet the eye of the visitor to the
market section in these closing dasrs of
summer. Little baskets, big baskets,
crates and carriers full of the luscious fruit

are displayed everywhere. Wholesale
prices are reasonable, as usual when the
crop is large, but prices at retail rarely faU
below a certain level. This is one of the
hard things for the lasnnan to imderstand,
why a big crop does not bring low prices.
Wholesalers say that the retailers are to
blame, and the latter say that they cannot
afford to handle the fruit except with a gen-
erous margin of profit. The consumer thinks
that the retailer ought to be content with
something less than 100 per cent profit.

Current supplies of peaches are coming
from widely separated points. Few Cali-
fornia peaches are now offered, and most
of the Georgia crop has also been mar-
keted, but West Virginia, Maryland, New
Jersey and Connecticut are shipping freely
to this market. In late years much of the
New Jersey crop has been shipped into the
convenient markets of New York and Phil-
adelphia. In this market New Jersey
peaches have to compete sharply with
Connecticut grown fruit, and, as freights
from Connecticut are less than from New
Jersey, the former have a manifest advan-
tage. Freights and packing cost the New
Jersey farmer about 50 cents for an ordi-
nary peach basket, and more for a six bas-
ket carrier, which is now the favorite way
of shipping fine table fruit. As a full bas-
ket of Connecticut peaches can be had at
retail at 75 cents to $1, there is not much
margin for the more distant shipper. New
Jersey fruit does not stand up for shipping
so well as other varieties.

When one goes into the market for
peaches, one finds a wide variety of quali-
ties and packages. As a rule, early peaches
are clingstones and late peaches are free-
stones. The latter have manifest advan-
tages, but when they are desired care
should be taken to see that the buyer gets
what is wanted. One needs to remember
that freestones from Georgia and the South
may be selling side by side with clingstones
from farther North. Sweetness and flavor
should also be insisted upon, while it is al-
wa3r8 a mistake to buy half-rotten fruit
because it is cheap. By the dozen, good
peaches can be bought for 10 to 25 cents.
The small baskets that come in the carriers

243

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

bring 40 to 50 cents, while old-fashioned
peach baskets sell at 75 cents to $1.25.
West Virginia is shipping peaches in bushel
baskets, a shape first made familiar by
Michigan shippers. That state has not yet
begun shipments, but they will come later.
These large baskets cost $1.25 to $1.75
whdesale, and about $1.50 to $2.25 at
retail.

While peaches have the right of way at
this season, other fall fruits are being freely
offered, especially crabapples and plums.
"Crabs '' were selling in North Market
street Wednesday at 50 cents a bushel, but
housekeepers are pa3ring at the rate of $1.60
a bushel by the peck. Another case of
"quick sales and small profits"? Native
preserving plums are selling at 25 to 40
cents a baisket. Damsons and damson
plums are in the market, and sell at 30 to
40 cents. This is a great year for New
England apple and plum orchards, and, in
fact, fruit of all kinds will be plentiful and
cheap. Exports of apples from this coun-
try are likely to be materially lessened by
the war, and the surplus fruit must be ab-
sorbed by home markets. Apple men are
talking $1 a barrel as probably the wholesale
price in this market later. Just now small
lots of apples are selling at 40 to 50 cents a
peck for cooking and 50 to 60 cents for table
fruit.

Blueberries from Nova Scotia and Prince
Edward Island are still in the market and
sell at 18 to 20 cents, watermelons bring 50
to 60 cents each and canteloupes 8 to 10
cents each. California plums sell at 40 to
60 cents a basket, Bartlett pears at 20 to 30
cents a dozen, California grapes at 40 to 50
cents a basket for Mali^as and seedless
and 50 to 60 cents for Tokays. Native
grapes sell at 15 to 20 cents for Delawares
and black varieties.

Summer vegetables are in seasonable
supply, and low prices are quoted for most
varieties. Green com is selling at 20 to 25
cents a dozen ears, early celery at 15 cents,
green peas at 65 to 75 cents a peck, string
beans at 5 to 8 cents a quart, shell beans at
8 cents for Idmas and horticultural, cauli-
flower at 10 to 20 cents each, cucumbers at
5 cents each, egg plant at 15 to 20 cents,

tomatoes at 8 to 10 cents a pound, mush-
rooms at $1 to $1 .25 a pound, white potatoes
at 25 to 30 cents a peck, sweet potatoes at
5 cents a pound, onions at 8 cents a quart
for native, 8 cents a pound for Spanish
and 18 cents a quart for small white pick-
ling, squash at 4 cents a pound for marrow,
5 cents each for summer and 20 to 25 cents
each for vegetable marrow, cabbage at 8 to
15 cents each, beets at 8 cents a quart, car-
rots at 3 cents a pound, turnips at 5 cents
and parsnips at 8 cents. Salad vegetables
are unchanged, lettuce still selling at 5
cents and other vegetables at 5 to 8 cents.

Prices of lamb have declined, and a cash
customer can now get a good hind leg or
hind-quarter at 22 cents, though a charge
customer who is particular about quality
will have to pay 25 cents. Forequarters are
selling at 14 cents, sides at 20 to 21 cents,
loins at 25 cents and chops at 38 to 40 cents.
Mutton is unchanged at 18 cents for loins,
11 to 12 cents for forequarters, 25 to 28
cents for chops and 18 cents for "hung"
legs. Veal cuts are selling at 40 cents for
fillet, 45 cents for steak, 30 cents for chops
and 22 cents for loins.

Beef prices are easier at wholesale, but
retail prices are still firmly held at 33 to 38
cents for sirloin steak, 40 to 50 cents for
rump steak and 25 to 35 cents for round
steak. Roasting pieces sell at 35 cents for
the back of the rump, 25 cents for the face,
25 to 30 cents for the first cut of the rib and
20 to 25 cents for the second cut. Corned
pieces are selling at 25 cents for brisket, 18
cents for rib, 18 cents for the stickmg piece
and 10 cents for flank.

Pork provisions are selling at 25 cents
for pork loins, 22 to 25 cents for whole
hams, 30 to 35 cents for sliced ham, 25 cents
for bacon, 17 cents for smoked, corned,
pickled and fresh shoulders, 15 cents for
salt pork, 22 to 25 cents for sausages, 16
cents for Frankfurters, 15 to 18 cents for
lard, 10 to 12 cents for pigs' feet, 12 to 20
cents for tripe, 25 to 30 cents for tongue, 45
cents for dried beef, 15 to 16 cents for beef
liver, 30 cents to $1 each for sweetbreads,
and 50 to 90 cents each for calves' liver.

At the poultry stalls trade is quiet, as
usual at this season. Fall trade has not

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

349

yet begun in earnest. Native roasting
chickens are selling at 35 cents, Western
chickens at 28 cents, Philadelphia capons
at 38 cents, Western capons at 30 to 32
cents, native broilers at 30 cents. Western
broilers at 28 cents, hothouse broilers at
$1.25 a pair, frozen turkesrs at 30 to 32
cents, native fowl at 25 cents, Western
fowl at 23 to 25 cents, spring ducklings at
25 cents, spring geese at 28 cents, broiler
turkeys at $3 to $3.50 a pair, squab at 35 to
50 cents each, and pigeons at $3 a dozen.

Butter and eggs have not been advanced
further, but prices are very firm. Northern
creamery butter in tubs sells at 38 cents,
and in boxes at 40 cents, with individual
prints at 40 cents, unsalted prints at 50
cents, Western creamery in tubs at 35 cents
and Vermont dairy at 33 cents in tubs and
33 to 35 cents in boxes. High prices have
promoted the use of both butter and eggs
from cold storage. Total stocks in local
cold storage warehouses at last report were
300,191 packages, against 299,020 pack-
ages a week ago and 321,303 packages a
year ago.

Eggs are firm and unchanged, best hen-
nery stock being quoted at 45 cents. East-
em at 40 cents, Western at 33 cents and
storage at 32 cents. Total stocks of eggs in
local cold storage warehouses at last report
were 399,589 cases, against 402,004 cases a
week ago and 490,945 cases at the same
time last year.

Large mackerel are scarce and high, but
medium mackerel are to be had at 25 cents
each and small mackerel at 18 cents. ^>an-
ish mackerel sell at 25 cents. Eastern sal-
mon at 30 to 35 cents. Western salmon at
20 to 25 cents, smelts at 30 to 35 cents,
bluefish at 15 cents, weakfish at 15 cents,
striped bass at 35 cents, black bass at 18
cents, butterfish at 12^ cents, scup at
15 cents, tautog at 12 cents, swordfish at
25 cents, halibut at 25 to 30 cents, cod
and haddock at 8 cents, brook trout at 75
cents, flounders at 10 to 12 cents, eels at 18
cents, sea perch at 20 cents a dozen.

Osnsters are in season again, but it needs
cool weather as well as an "r'' in the
month to bring about a demand. Provi-
dence River sell at 45 cents and Cotuits at

75 cents. New York scallops are in the
market and sell at $1 a quart, though the
close time is not yet off in this State. Lob-
sters are selling at 33 cents for live chicken,
35 cents for large live and 40 cent&f or laige
boiled, soft-shell crabs at $1 a dozen, little
necks at 30 cents a dozen or $1.75 a peck,
clams at 30 cents a quart shucked or 50
cents in the shell by the peck, and qua-
hogs at 60 cents a quart shucked. Finnan
haddie seUs at 12 cents.

HOTEL STORY

New York Herald

When a clerk at the desk of Bretton Hall
picked up the desk telephone in response
to a ring about nine o'clock last F^day
evening he caught the words of the operator
to a man in one of the rooms.

''Lideed, 1 don't know what you want,
sir,'' she was saying; ''but here's the clerk.
You can explain to him."

''If the/s such a thing as a bootjack in
this metropolitan hostlery," a co'n and
cotton voice enunciated in exasperated ac-
cents, "I wish yo' all would send it up to
mah room fo' about two minutes."

"Certainly, sir," said the clerk. "ProntI
Send the bootblack up to 846."

The bootblack came down on a run, talk-
ing Greek to' himself. The desk telephone
rang again before the clerk could ask ques-
tions.

"I don't want any bootblack. I don't
want 'em painted. I want to pull 'em off.
Send me a jack. Don't jro' aU understand
English?"

"Tell the engineer to rush a man with a
kit of tools up to that room," the clerk
hurriedly ordered. "Right away, sir," he
spoke into the telephone.

"If it wasn't for losin' me Job, I'd a kilt
that felly," the engine room assistant re-
ported when he quickly returned from the
eighth floor. "Th' way he talked I'd not
stand" —

The elevator door flew open with a crash
and a tall, elderly man with li^t hair
worn long strode to the desk, his jaws set,
but his lips twitching with each step.

as©

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

''By gad, suh!'' he shouted, pounding
the desk and leaning across it to glare at
the astonished clerk. ' * 1 ain't goin' to allow
no paper collared, Yankee clerk to make
spo't of me. If I wasn't absolutely certain
that yo' are jes* one provincial New Yo'ker
of the ignoramus variety I would give yo' all
the canin' of you' mis'able life, old as I am.

''Neveh mind explanations. Yo' jes'
send that long, lanky No'th Ca'lina lookin'
boy yondeh up to mah room with me and
well see if I got to go to bed with mah
boots on or go back to Geo'ga to get 'em o£F."

The lanky boy reported that the boots
were ''sure some tight," but his co-opera-
tion in their removal had netted him "fo'
bits."

SUBWAY STORY
New York Times

"Wake up! Your station next," shouted
the Subway guard, as he shook a sleeping
passenger. The passenger managed to let
a" thank you" escape him, and proppai
his eyes open until the train came to a stop
at the station.

"How did you know he got off at that
station?" the guard was asked as the train
moved on.

"How did I know? Why, he is on here
every night, and he goes to sleep as soon as
he gets on the train. I have awakened him
so regularly that he thinks now it is one of
my duties. He would never forgive me if I
overlooked him.

"See that man sleeping over there in
that middle seat, and that one over yon-
der near the other door? They work down-
town somewhere and come up every night
on this train. I alwasns have to wake them
up. The first man there gets off at 146th
Street and the one by the door at 168th.
We know practically all the regular pas-
sengers on the late night trains. Some
work, while others are just rounders who are
out every night, returning alwa3rs on the
same train with as much regularity as
those who work.

"I have never missed but one, and he
seemed terribly cut up about it. He talked
like I was paid to 'mind ' him. I look out

for him now. I have scraped up a good
many acquaintances in this way. Some-
times the sleepers are newspaper chaps,
and they give us an early morning paper;
others give us a smile and say 'howdy?'
when we meet."

A MIRAGE

New York Sun

Cap'n Duke, who hangs about the beach
at Far Rockaway and tells stories of the
sea to little children, saw a mirage yester-
day afternoon just as the sun was setting.
He was talking to a group of little ones at
the time and he called their attention to it.

"See that four funnelled steamship
hanging up there in the sky upside down? "
he said. "And then off there on the star-
board bow of the steamer don't you see a
five masted schooner with all sails set and
her booms to port?"

"Oh, yes, Cap'n Duke," cried the chil-
dren. "And there is still more."

"What do you see, Johnny? " asked the
captain.

"Why, there is a battleship and a ferry-
boat, and over on the right I see the Statue
of Liberty."

Cap'n Duke took off his specks, rubbed
them with his red handkerchief and looked
hard.

"To be sure, to be sure," he said. "And
astern of the battleship there is a torpedo
boat, and after that comes a school of
whales and a yacht race. Never see the likes
of that even in the Desert of Sahara."

In half an hour it was all over and the
children went home for dinner. It was
noised about Far Rockaway last night that
really there was a beautiful mirage to be
seen at sunset, and there was not a soul in
the place who refused to believe it. Cap'n
Duke and the children had seen it and that
was enough.

STORY OF SAILOR

San Frandaco Examiner

If you had done nothing worse than going
to sleep in an out-of-the-way place on a
bay steamer and awakening to find your-

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

2$!

self In State's prison with a fifteen-year
sentence hanging over your head, how
would you feel?

John Larsen had such an eKt)erienoe last
Friday. He was, and may yet be, a deck-
hand on the schooner Mary. He imbibed
a quantity of refreshment on the water
front and then hid away in the steamer
Caroline for a quiet nap. He didn't know
that the Caroline was about to go oyer to
San Quentin with a load of supplies for the
prison. The first thing he did know was
that a husky guard with a big gun was
prodding him into wakefulness and sa3dng
hardthLogs. Captain Smith of the Caroline
was stani^g near.

''Yes, it's that fifteen-year man, all
right," the guard said, as he gave Larsen a
stiff jolt under the ribs.

The sle^y sailor was yanked out into day-
light and taken ashore, where he saw only
prison walls and men in stripes all about
him. He was marched to the office of the
captain of the guard, the man beside him
meanwhile commenting on the fine dis-
guise Larsen wore, l^e poor sailor was
dumb from fright, and could not make an
intelligible protest. But ^hen the officials
looked him over, they'lau^ed and. told the
guard to throw him out. He was not the
man.

** Ay scart lak djefoul ven woke oop in
3rale," said Larsen yesterday after he had
got back from San Quentin by ferry. "Ay
ban sleep on bale yute in Caroline yen gun
stick me in ribs an' ay see mens vid stripes
all aroond, an' man vid gun say ay ban
fifteen-year faller. You bat heart went in
boots and ay ban sick. Ven man stick gun
in ribs an' say 'Git!' You bat ay coom
quick avay. No more sleep in Caroline on
bale yute, you bat!"

A STOWAWAY

Boston Jaumdl

Abraham Grabau wanted to get hito the
United States mighty badly.

He was poor and had never had a chance.
But he had read a lot about America and
thou^t how fiM it would be to come here

and retrieve himself and really do some-
thing worth while before it was too late.

So at Port Said he hid away on board
the steamship St. Patrick, which was bound
for Boston from Yokohama.

Of course he knew it wasn't right to be-
come a stowaway, but he couldn't see what
real harm there was in it. Besides, he had-
n't any mon^ and it seemed to be the only
thing that was left. And he never dreamed
that the great free country beyond the seas
often keeps worthy men outside its borders
just because they haven't the price of a
ticket.

But he learned many things that worried
him from the St. Patrick's crew during the
passage, alter he had made himself known,
when he couldn't starve any longer, and
had been put to work.

He was told that an alien stowaway has
a mighty poor show of " getting by" with
Uncle Sam — ^that, in fact, he hadn't a
chance on earth of being landed here. It
nearly broke his heart, for there seemed to
be no way out. But he finally found one —
and why not? It was as good a way as any
other. And, besides, he might win.

While the St. Patrick lay at anchor
off quarantine Thursday night, Abraham
slipped off his shoes and stole on deck noise-
lessly. He placed his shoes on deck along-
side the railing and pulled down a life-buoy.

He gave a last look toward the lights that
were twinkling on shore and droi^)ed into
the water.

Next morning the shoes were found near
where the life-buoy should have been.

Of course the ship was searched, but
Abraham was missing. Immigration offi-
cials at Long Wharf and the harbor police
were notified of the escape. But there was
no trace of the stowaway.

Yesterday the Hebrew's daring act was
talked of admiringly in many quarters, and
the hope was expressed that he had won.
There is a slight chance that he was picked
up and carried to safety. But those best
informed declare that the little Hebrew has
beyond a doubt reached the Port of Missing
Men, where entry is never refused, even to
the friendless and the hopeless and the f or-
lonu

2^2

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

SEARCH FOR LOST TREASURES
New York Sun

In the gray hours before the dawn this
morning, when all Ukner Park sleeps and
nothing is heard along the reaches of Ma-
rine Basin but the crowing of the restless
cocks, will slip from her moorings a low,
rakish craft. With hawseholes muffled and
silence cloths on port and starboard anchor,
hatches muzzled and even the kick of her
propeller smothered by a- blanket, this
phantom will speed past the clam factories
and chowder distilleries out to the bounding
main.

Hush! *Tis the Mayflower, onetime de-
fender of the America's cup, bearing her
daring crew of gentleman adventurers down
to the isles of spice and the bloodied seas
where Morgan trod piratical quarterdecks
and Teach snicked off the heads of treasure
bearers. Skipper Scull is at the helm, Buck
Harrison in the galley; four more, good men
and true, stand in the port chains and
shade their eyes as they scan the waters of
Gravesend Bay for the police boat.

Romance lies behind the horizon and the
glint of the rising sim has the glint of Sir
Henry's gold. For, mark ye well. Skipper
Scull has wrapped in tarpaulin, next to his
open front undershirt, a chart. Red and
blue is the chart; it marks a reef in the Car-
ibbean; it linms in the sea the boundaries
of a precious spot; it tells where lies the
English corvette. Good Faith, out of Santo
Domingo City in 1684 with five millions in
plate and minted doubloons in her strong
boxes.

But who are these men, tried and found
trusty, who sail with Skipper Scull on the
converted yacht Ma3rflower out of Marine
Basin this morning? Skipper Scull, Har-
vard, *98, a venturesome soul who lived in
Tokio many, many months, and who, wish-
ing to be a war correspondent, finally was
allowed to get as near as forty-five miles
from the scene of a battle. Then there are
Gordon Brown, Yale, '01, who was captain
of the football team that laid Harvard so
low in 1900, Stephen Noyes, Harvard, '03,
H. L. Corbett, Harvard, '03, Buck Harri-
son, Harvard, '04, fullback, whose name

was a terror to all opponents, and Roger
Darby, Harvard, '05, a tower of strength on
the Crimson line in his time.

Consider this, that Matsukata, whose
father is a Baron in Japan and holds fief
over himdreds of samurai, was offered a
place in the intrepid crew — as cook. Mat-
sukata yearned for adventure, but he could
not so demean himself, and that is why
Buck Harrison of the line holds his place
in the galley when the Mayflower slips out
of the Basin this morning.

With the Mayflower steaming out of
Gravesend Bay, nose to the south, there
must come a hiatus in this tale, and the
curtain of the past must be lifted, revealing
dark and bloody scenes.

CURTAIN

It is a fair day in June, Anno Domini
1684, and the tropical palms that fringe
the beach about Santo Domingo Bay are
nodding in the breeze. [Santo Domingo
Bay is used as a disguise of the real port,
which it wouldn't do to reveal.] All is astir
about the wharf, for the good E^nglish cor-
vette. Good Faith, is sailing this day for
Plymouth, laden fair to the gunwales with
plate of price, spoils of cathedrals in Mex-
ico and hard minted gold in doubloons —
and oh, yes, pieces of eight! — ^that is, the
ransom of cities in Salvador and the Guin-
eas. Spanish gold it is, torn from the grasp
of bleeding men.

A cheer, a roundelay as the anchor comes
up, and with sails bell3dng and the crosses
of St. George and St. Andrew whipping
from the gaff, the Good Faith ploughs her
way past the reef and out to sea.

But wait! From around the bluff be-
yond the sea gate, which is hidden from the
Good Faith by the rocky headland, come
stealing two long feluccas. The brass of
cannon glints from bow and taffrail; sails
strain with the wind; the gorgeous banner
of Spain streams from the mainsail peak.

The watchers on the headlands of Santo
Domingo City drop on their knees in prayer
at the sight, for are not those two feluccas

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

253

the sea vultures of Don Sebastian Fer-
nando Hacienda y Juan FemandeZi plun-
derer of towns and pillager of altars?

At gaze stand the citizens of Santo Do-
mingo City as they watch the feluccas steal
into the track of the Good Faith. Tor-
tured with anxiety are these good folk when
they behold the Good Faith swing about
the headland and come into view of the
dastard Spaniards. Now the Good Faith is
aware of her peril. See her crowd the can-
vas on! See her leap to the tug of the wind
and race for her life down, down the watery
way to the horizon! The feluccas follow
fast; they gain yard by yard; still they
gain and yet still.

The horizon rises and swallows up the
Good Faith and the Don's feluccas, mere
dots on the horizon.

Alack) never again did man set eyes on
the Good Faith. Plymouth awaited her in
vain; Santo Domingo City sent out sloops
and men-o'-war to search for her. Never
again did Don Sebastian ravage the coasts
of Salvador and plunder the galleons of the
Main. Men forgot that there had ever been
a Good Faith or a Don Sebastian.

[Stars here indicate hiatus of 220 years.]

A fisher of sponges, an American fisher
of sponges, in sooth, is sailing his craft
about the Caribbean in search of his prey.
It is some years later. It is only a few years
ago in fact. A storm comes roaring out of
the Gulf, and the fisher of sponges with his
native fishermen is driven in his cockleshell
far, far out of his course. In the dead of
ni^t and the murk of the storm the boat
is piled up on a reef and they rub elbows
with death imtil the ruddy streaks of dawn
come.

Then this fisher of sponges, this Ameri-
can fisher of sponges — he was also a diver
and he helped raise the Merrimac in Santi-
ago harbor once — looked over the side of
his boat and he saw down about fifteen feet
in the blue water the prow of a ship.
Straightway he dived. He came up with
pieces of eight sticking through the cracks
of both fists, or maybe it was doubloons.

Forthwith all of his native fishermen
dived, and they came up with silver and

golden coin representing maybe $1,221.34
American, who knows?

They dived again and brought up the
ship's bell. About the rust eaten rim was
graven this motto:

"Good Faith yclept Dom. 1680 Ply-
mouth. Ringeth this Belle God's hours and
telleyeth man's life Space."

Straightway did this American fisher of
sponges get him his sextant and his lati-
tude. He had to guess at the longitude.
Then with the ship's bell and the pieces of
eight he sailed to Jamaica.

There he found one who was interested
in his tale. Together they went to a lawyer,
and he reconmiended them to another
lawyer, whose name is Jleginald R. Leay-
craft and whose office is at 129 Pearl street,
this city. Many old records in Santo
Domingo City and in England were gone
over, so say this' fisher of sponges and his
lawyer, and at last the shipping register of
the original Good Faith was discovered.
Then they knew of her fatal joiuney out of
Santo Domingo City on that June after-
noon so long ago, and knew, so say both,
of the treasure that was in her bottom.

Skipper Scull, and he alone, knows how
it was that the sponge diver happened to
meet such an adventurous spirit as himself
here in New York. Yet, hark ye, within a
month after the sponge fisher and Skipper
Scull had met fortuitously, all of those
other brave gentlemen and true from Har-
vard and Yale had met to form a solemn
bond and compact.

This was the bond and compact: That
the organization should be made under
the auspices of the Southern Research
Company, a duly registered organization;
that the sponge fisher and his lawyer
should have share and share alike with
the others; that the sponge fisher should
be one of the party of discovery, in that he
knew best how to interpret the chart that
he had made that blue morning after the
storm; and that, chief of all, Matsukata,
the man whose father is a baron in Japan,
should be cook.

All of these conditions, save the last, so
recalcitrant did Matsukata prove, were
fulfilled to the letter. Then went the repre-

«S4

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

aentatiyes of the oompany to Mrs. Eva M.
Barker, the owner of the old cup defender,
Ma3rflower. Five years ago the old de-
fender had been converted into a sloop with
auxiliary power. The Ma3rflower was
brought around to the Marine Basin and
all sorts of strange stores In boxes and crates
were lowered into her hold. Diving suits
popped upon her decks and grappling hooks
shoved their prongs through buriap sacking.

Skipper Scull was there on the deck of
the Mayflower each day to shoo away the
curious and to scowl at the prying. Not a
word would the war correspondent skipper
say to the most veiled interrogations. Un-
til the Mayflower slipped past the chowd^
distilleries in this morning's early light the
msnsteiy of her mission and her bourne re-
mained inviolate.

But Skipper Scull, Buck Harrison and
the rest have overreached themselves in
their secretiveness. For know that over a
long glass clinking with ice oae sleepy night
up at the Harvuxl Qub on Forty-fourth
street one of the sextette of adventurers
revealed the scheme of the expedition.
That is why not even Skipper Scull knows
what fell plot is now a-brewing to rob him
of his putative treasure.

This is the plot: Up in Boston lives
Alexander Forbes, the grandson of John
Murray Forbes. He is the possessor of the
yacht Merlin. To his ears came the tale of
the treasure hunt. Not long did the grass
grow under the Forbes foot. He called to-
gether the following men, known to be des-
perate pirates: Jim Field, Harvard, '03;
Donald Gr^g, Harvard, '02; Ralph Page,
Harvard, '03 ; Buz Baird, Harvard, '04, and
W. Davis Conrad, also of ELarvard. To
tiiem he broached his counter plot, and all
gleefully agreed, if they did not sign a pact
with their life blood.

So it will be — and one of these Boston
pirates said yest^day that it cannot but
be — that after the Mayflower has gone to
her aU but secret destination in the Carib-
bean and is sailing homeward, either laden
with gold or with experience, ihB yacht
Merlin will one day stalk out of the hori-
zon and confront her. The Jolly Roger will
fly from the peak of the Merlin and a six ^

pounder will cou^ out demand for the
Masrflower's surrend^. The Mayflower
will have to heave to and be robbed or go
to the bottom with all of her gallant gentle-
men adventuxers weltering in their own
blood.

It will be about three weeks hence, so
swore this Boston tnrate by book and ring
yesterday, that the Merlin will sail on her
fell mission. After that the Spanish Main
will roar again and bloody death will be
abroad over the mellifluous waters of the
Gulf stream.

RELIEF SHIP

New York Evening Poet

Capt. Pickels — "Pickels of the schooner
duett," as they called him on the Lab-
rador coast — standing on the deck of that
stanch little vessel, which will soon be
bucking ice in Baffin Bay, is not the figure
of an Arctic explorer. To the mildly inter-
ested visitor to the East River dock, where
his ship was moored, there was nothing
about the square-set skipp^ in shirt sleeves
and straw hat, watching supplies come
aboard, to suggest that he is the man se-
lected to command the relief expedition
which will search for Donald B. MacMillan,
starting to-day. MacMillan set out fh>m
New York just two years ago to find m3rth-
ical Crocker Land, and now the American
Museum of Natural History, one of the
chief backers of his expedition, is sending
Pickels to find MacMiUan.

Both the captain in summer city garb
and his little schooner, dwarfed by the
overhanging pier, and not so different to
the unpracticed eye from hundreds of sail-
ing craft loading here, refused at first to
fit into the picture iduch he painted in
simple language of the months ahead.
Within a few weeks the duett will be f eel«
ing out open reaches in the ice which m
rarely absent after Nachvak Bay, on the
north Labrador coast, is passed, laying a
course almost due north up Davis Strait.
Thence to Melville Bay, near Etah, the
MacMillan expedition's base, it will be nip
and tuck between the Cluett and rapidly

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

^S5

descending winter. She will be late, and,
skirting the ever-present ''middle ice" of
Baffin Bay, on a course not far off shore,
she will be lucky to reach her objective be-
fore the waters close entirely.

And luckier still if she finds MacMillan
and his party waiting. For then there is
the chance that, with more good fortune
and able seamanship, Capt. Pickels may
be able to bring all hands out through the
thin crust which by September will cover
all those waters. In that event he will have
made a season's record to be very proud of.
What is far more likely — and that is the
reason for the two years' supply of food-
stuffs on board the Cluett — ^the schooner
will nose her way into Melville Bay with
hardly enough time in which to select a
winter berth in the ice. If MacMillan has
to be waited for or search made for him,
the long winter will make either task easy.
The diininutive, unpretentious wooden sail-
ing ship which now reeks of oil and ship
stores under the warm sun, will then find
herself encompassed with leagues of ice.
Eskimo ice huts will spring up around her
like mushrooms, and in the long Arctic
night it would be difficult to identify the
little Cluett with the picture at the foot of
East 2l8t Street.

But closer acquaintance with Pickels and
the Cluett helps one's imagination to
bridge the gap. Ever since she was built
at Tottenville, some four years ago, for the
Grenfell Mission service on the libbrador
coast, Pickels has commanded her. She
was designed for work in northern waters.
As the bronze plate in the captain's cabin
sets forth, she was presented to Dr. Wilfred
Grenfell in July, 1911, by George B. Cluett,
of Troy, N. Y. That she went to sea with
purposes other than those of the ordinary
trading schooner, the plate makes plain in
these few words: "The Sea is His and He
made It." The inscription in the brass
band which binds the wheel, "Jesus saith I
will make you fishers of men," serves to
distinguish her from the run of fishing craft
which infest the Labrador waters. But for
these S3rmbols of a higher vocation she is
}ust like them, save that she is much more
stanch.

From stem to stem the Cluett measures
142 feet, and her beam is 26 feet. Every
foot of timber in her is white oak. And
back of the thin steel plate on her bows,
where the impact of ice is concentrated,
she can boast about two feet of solid timber.
The outer shell forward is composed of
white oak timbers eight inches thick. Be-
hind them is nearly a foot of timbering,
and then an inner shell of six-inch white oak
all stiffened with drift bolts. The Cluett
can be counted on to stand up to the force
of her eighty horse-power kerosene engines,
against all but solid ice. And she has proved
it more than once.

That broiight the captain to the recital
of an achievement which probably had
much to do with the selection by the
Museum authorities of him and his ship
for the work in hand. Making ordinarily
about three trips a year as supply ship to
the chain of missions established by the
Grenfell Association, it was no new thing
for the Cluett to show her seaworthiness in
ice and dirty weather. But last summer she
did something out of the common. Char-
tered for a few months by the Carnegie
Institution for magnetic investigations in
Hudson's Bay, she and Capt. Pickels dis-
played remarkable facility for edging into
ice-strewn waters and slipping out with
promptness.

In a month's time she made the circuit
of Hudson's Bay, undeterred by almost
constant snow-storms and gales, frequently
traversing untried waterways. She escaped
without misadventure, where a less careful
pilot might have lost his ship. Once the two
principal members of the party, the observ-
ers, were swamped in a small boat. Losing
instruments and all their equipment they
went five 6&yB without food or fire, and
owed their lives to Capt. Pickels's prompt
appearance with relief. Getting into Hud-
son's Bay in mid-summer of last year was
not easy on account of the ice. After cleanly
threading Hudson Strait,- the Cluett en-
coimtered a Canadian icebreaker, smashed
by the very element she was designed to
combat, and breaking up. As this point
was a long way south of his present destina-
tion, Capt. Pickels is mindful of what may

2S6

TYPES OF NEWS WRITING

be in store for him this summer. But he
regards the MacMillan relief expedition
with as much serenity as if it were one of his
regular northern visits, and with as little
timidity as might be expected from a
mariner who has navigated every ocean and
circumvented ice in Bering Sea as success-
fully as in Grenfell's Tickle.

Although the proved nimbleness of the
Cluett leads her charterers to hope that
she may slip into Melville Bay and out
with the rescued MacMillan party in time
to get back to New York in November,
the way food supplies have been poured
into her show that no chances are to be
taken, in a locality where, as the captain
remarked, "ye can't fetch stuff from a
grocery * round the comer.' " He shed light
upon what for a dozen men might be con-
sidered a two years' food supply. Some
two thousand pounds of beef, nearly half
of it canned and the rest pickled in brine,
and an almost equal quantity of mutton
and pork, formed the backbone of the stores.
Beans and potatoes and barrel on barrel of
pilot bread set off this impressive meat
supply, which winter himting is to vary
with fresh steaks and roasts.

Several hundred poimds of coffee and a
himdred of tea, onions and many gallons
of lime juice to ward off scurvy, were im-
portant items; strangely enough, not a
particle of chocolate or cocoa. A comment
upon the rather small supply of milk — con-
densed, of course — as compared with, for
one thing, three himdred poimds of rolled
oats, drew from the hardy captain the ex-
planation that crews in the North preferred
molasses with their oatmeal, and of mo-
lasses he had nearly a hundred gallons.

Perhaps these assurances of creature
comfort have had their attractions. At
any rate, Capt. Pickels has been pestered
with would-be passengers who want to
make the trip with him or put in a winter
of hunting on Melville Bay. And they were
not all men. One yoimg person from Vassar
sent a request. But Capt. Pickels will have
none of them. So that, when he starts on
the last leg of his journey north, with decks
piled high with barrels of kerosene — ^the
Cluett is to be stocked with nearly five

thousand gallons of kerosene and 900 gal-
lons of gasolene for her engines — ^the only
person aboard beside his crew of eight
hardy Nova Sootians, will be the repre-
sentative of the Natural History Museum.
Capt. Pickels's Newfoundland dog ''Chimi"
completes the list.

SQUIRREL

New York World

Somebody let a squirrel loose in City
Hall Park yesterday, or more likely Satur-
day night, and as a result that part of the
green grass plot just north of the Nathan
Hale statue was the only busy section in
the business district from 2 until 3 o'clock
on the Sabbath. If there was one cat there
were thirty. Of all sizes and conditions
they ranged, hailing from Cherry Hill and
other points. Toms, tabbies and kittens
were all there, and in circles they sat about
a big tree on which a gilt sign read " Ulmus
Americanus."

Above, perched in the branches, was Mr.
Squirrel. Intently he looked down at the
cats and the crowd of park loungers and
others leaning on the fence and flicked his
gray tail saucily at the feline delegation.
One venturesome Tom scooted up the tree,
but when he began to crawl out on the
branch on which "Brer" Squirrel sat the
latter lightly jmnped to an adjoining tree,
not labelled, and chattered back at Tom-
catus Cherryhillibus.

The other cats with uplifted eyes
watched the flight of the squirrel and
camped under the second tree, while the
crowd of human onlookers increased. The
siege was getting interesting.

"I wonder will the cats get him, Jim-
mie," said one young woman, but the squir-
rel only kept on scolding to himself.

Not long after a young man in a gray
suit stepped over the fence and stood be-
neath the tree. He carried a small bag over
one shoulder. The moment the squirrel saw
him he ran down the tree and perched on
the man's other shoulder. When the man
opened the bag he popped in, and they
started off for a Jersey ferry.

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

2S7

The disgusted cats dispersed and the
crowd melted away.

POLICEMEN'S PET

Philadelphia Telegraph

Just as the ''joker'' tapped 12 o'clock
today in the Trenton avenue and Dauphin
street police station, a file of unhelmeted
patrolmen marched silently into the back
yard and reverently placed the remains of
"Benny" in his last long resting place.

For a moment they stood sad-eyed, while
Bill Tufts, the old turnkey, softly dropped
the earth upon the coffin, and then, when
only a memory marked the spot near the
patrol house where "Benny" slept, they
went back to the roll-room and discussed
in whispers the imexpected death.

"Benny" died at 11.20 o'clock, despite
the efforts of House Sergeant Site, who im-
mersed him in fresh water and tried in every
way to restore the fast-ebbing life. But a
broken heart could not thus be appeased,
for " Benny's " heart had undoubtedly been
broken when a younger rival for the affec-
tions of the bluecoats turned up in the sta-
tion house not long ago.

Old age might also have contributed to-
ward the death, for "Benny" was 7J^ years
old, and his species never exist longer than
seven years, according to Street Sergeant
Murdock, who is well posted on the sub-
ject. "Benny" holds the record for age
around the station house. There have been
others of his ilk there constantly for fifteen
years, but "Benny" was the longest liver
of the entire crowd.

"Benny" was a fan-tailed goldfish.

ZOO STORY

New YorkWorld

This rock shall fly from its firm base as soon as I.

— Hippopotamus Pete.

"He's a pig-headed brute," say the
keepers in the Bronx Zoo after they have
been up all night watching Pete, who weighs
1,300 pounds— more than four Tafts.

"He's a wise old guy," say the keepers
admiringly after they have slept and are
wondering at Pete's sagacity.

Director Hornaday, of the Zoo, and the
keepers fondly hope to remove Pete to-day
from his old cage in the antelope house to
his apartment in the new and splendid ele-
phant house. But whether Pete goes or
sta3rs in the antelope house depends upon
how hungry he was last night.

The World has told of the futile efforts
to move this Gibraltar of hippopotamus
flesh. As a last resort, Director Hornaday
has been starving Pete for two days and
nights. When Pete is himgry he is very
himgry, indeed. He eats a wagon load of
provender a day, shovelling in the food as
stokers shovel coal into a steamship's fur-
nace.

Taking advantage of this. Director
Hornaday had placed in Pete's cage a " mov-
ing case," a very strong box big enough to
hold Pete. At one end of the box is a drop
door rigged to a fall and tackle. At the
closed end of the big box the keepers placed
a tempting meal of all the things Pete likes
best.

It was all very simple. Two keepers
watched Pete every hour of the twenty-
four. Pete, himgry, was to walk into the
box after the food, the keepers were to let
the drop door fall and — ^there you are, or,
rather, there Pete was.

The simple plan did not work out well.
By day Pete seemed to have lost all appe-
tite. But by Saturday night he had
thought out a plan in his turn. While the
sleepy keepers watched, Pete entered the
box, but he carefully stretched back his
hind legs so that they remained outside it.
The keepers dropped the door; it fell on
Pete's hind quarters.

Pete backed out, scooping the food along
with his fore legs. Once outside he had a
hearty meal, which he seemed to enjoy
exceedingly.

They built a much longer moving case
yesterday and put food at its closed end.
A hippopotamus is not built like a dachs-
himd. To get that food Pete must include
his whole bulk in the box.

258

TYPES OF NEWS WiaTING

CAT
Chicago ItUer Ocean

Tom Stroller k dead.

Tom Stroller was only a cat, and he was
old and ugly and never even had been al-
lowed within the sacred precincts of a cat
show, so, perhaps, it doesn't matter much.

And yet there were a hundred girls, stu-
dents at the Art Institute, who looked wist-
fully at the desk of the Klio Club when
they went to their lunch. And there were
100 others who didn't smile as they sat
about the tables. One or two attempted a
eulogy, but the efforts were not inspiring,
for the best that could be said of old Tom
Stroller was that ''he was such a friendly
cat.*'

Time was when Tom was young and use-
ful. Those were the days — ^twelve years
ago — when there was a stem work to be
done at the Klio Club, then at South Mich-
igan Avenue and East Monroe Street.
Those were the days when Tom stepped
proudly through serried ranks of rodent
dead, ibe days when he was tolerated be-
cause he was useful, and was forgiven his
ugliness because he was so friendly. Those
were the dasns when Tom achieved his first
love — the love of Mrs. Bush, mother of the
dub.

Side by side Tom and Mrs. Bush grew
old togetiier. When the girls at the insti-
tute moved their dub to 26 South Wabash
Avenue, Tom, now toothless, and Mrs.
Bush, now almost at the end of the road,
were established together at the cashier's
desk.

New students came to look amused and
remained to love them both. Old students
came back to Chicago to rush up to the Klio
Club and cry: "Why, if there aren't Tom
and Mother Bush. God bless you both!"

But one day last year Mrs. Bush was
stricken with an illness that soon may
prove fatal. She was taken to the Mary
Thompson Hospital and a new cashier
came to the dub's desk. She was kind to
Tom and stroked his grizzled fur, but
things were different now, and Tom began
to grow old very fast. He died yesterday
morning.

DOG

Chicago Herald

Colond is only a dog, but he is believed
to be dying because he did his duty.

Colonel is a dignified St. Bernard, with
a fine head and kindly eye. He belongs
to Sven Carlson, a saloon-keeper at 3300
North Racine avenue. When Colonel could
lie on the floor, keeping one eye on the door
and the other on his master, the dog was
happy.

Carlson was proud of Colond, too. He
boasted of the dog's devemess — how he
would fetch and carry from the grocer's,
and even carry notes to tradesmen in the
neighborhood. Colonel never failed to go
to ibe right store.

It was for Carlson that the dog sacrificed
himself.

A few minutes before dosing time Satur-
day night Carlson went behind the bar and
Colonel followed him.

Two men entered the saloon and walked
over to the bar. They did not see the dog.

"Hands up," ordered one man.

"It's late, gentlemen; if you wish to
drink you have no time for such joking,"
replied Carlson.

Both men drew revolvers.

"It's a long way from a joke," said the
man. "Hands up or we'll shoot."

"Go for 'em, Colonel," ordered Carl-
son.

The dog sped around the end of the bar
as though he had been shot from a cata-
pult, his hair bristling, uttering deep growls;
and the bandits backed away.

Then one of the men fired a shot, and the
dog toppled over and lay still.

Carlson gave a roar of rage when he saw
Colonel fall, and, grasping a bung starter,
climbed over the bar.

The holdups fled.

Carlson chased them a block before he
gave up the pursuit.

Colonel was taken to Thomas Kendrevt^s
veterinary hospital at 3039 Sheffidd avenue,
bandaged and put into a private kennd
with clean, sweet straw to lie upon.

"He surely mJl die," said Dr. Kendrew.
"I think there is no hope for him. Thebul-

MISCELLANEOUS LOCAL NEWS

«S9

let went into his hip and through some of
his vital organs.

"If every man could die as gallantly as
Colonel this would be a better world."

TRICK MULE

Kansas City Star

If you've been to the horse show this
week you've seen Henry and Zip. Henrys —
his last name is Harbaugh — ^is 18 years old
and lives near Bedford, Mo., when he's at
home. Zip is 8 years old, and if you don't
believe he's the most wonderful trick mule
in the world, you'd better not mention it to
Henry.

Zip knows how to sit up on his haunches
like a rabbit and walk around on his hind
legs with Henry on his back, and walk
across the tanbark arena on his knees, and
— oh, innumerable things. Also he can buck
in the most humorous way — ^you're quite
sure nobody but Henry could stick on.

There's an interesting story connected
with Henry and Zip. Zip is an educated
mule, and he is helping make Henry an
educated boy. For^ the money that Henry
receives for his talents and Zip's goes for
Henry's education. The boy is half way
through the high school at Avalon, Mo.,
and when he finishes, he hopes to go to the
University of Missouri. And the talented
Zip is a great help to a fellow who's trying
to get an education. For Henry is drawing
down $50 and expenses for his week's work
at the Kansas City Horse Show, and he has
hopes«of repeating the performance at St.
Louis next week.

Col. W. V. Galbraith, general manager
of the horse show, got a letter from the
trick mule's owner last week. The letter
told about all the wonderful things Zip
could do — and he can, too — and said if
the colonel could find a place for him, please
to let Henry know at once, as it's one hun-

dred miles from Bedford to Kansas City,
and it would take some little time to ride.
The boy, having no money to spend on rail-
road fare, proposed to ride his mule to
Kansas City. The colonel was so pleased
by the boy's enterprise that he sent him
word to come and enclosed money to bring
Zip by railroad. Of course, strictly speak-
ing, a mule doesn't belong in a horse show,
but Colonel Galbraith figured that a trick
mule named 2iip was too good a bet to
overlook.

The boy started training his mule five
years ago, when he was 13 years old and
Zip was 3. Henry lived on a farm and he
hsud no brothers and sisters. So he made a
pet of Zip, and taught him all sorts of tricks.
Then he began showing him at county fairs
and saving the money that he got to spend
for education. One of these days he hopes
to be as well educated for a boy as Zip is for
a mule. And if they gave degrees to mules,
2iip would certainly be a Ph.D.

Zip is also quite a teacher. He has taught
this country boy a philosophy of life.

"You have to be patient — ^patient and
kind," Henry said yesterday. "The first
thing I ever taught Zip took me two hours
and a half. I wanted to see if I could make
him lie down. I grabbed his opposite foreleg
and held it up. I just had to tire him out,
but at last he keeled over. Next day he did
it in two minutes. He had learned what I
wanted. It was easy after that."

Henry had never seen a trick mule, but
he began thinking of other tricks. With in-
finite patience he showed Zip what was
wanted.

"Then he did it because he loved me,"
said the boy simply.

Henry never uses a whip to teach Zip
tricks. He feeds him sugar, and is just
kind to him and works with him and is pa-
tient. Now he learns faster than ever. You
can teach an old mule new tricks, according
to Henry.

INDEX TO NEWS STORIES

Accident, automobile, 23, 24.

Accident, drowning, 39, 40, 42.

Accident, fall from scaffola, 39.

Accident, humorous treatment of, 25.

Accident, marine, 32, 34, 35.

Accident, mine, 36, 38.

Accident, pathetic treatment of, 25.

Accident, railroad, 29, 30, 31.

Accident, shooting, 42.

Accident, storm, 35, 196.

Accident, subway, 26.

Accidents, 22-44.

Addresses, 127-131.

Adoption of child, 100.

A^cultural fair, 143.

Alumnae meeting, 228.

Animal stories, 19, 256-259.

Anniversary, church celebration of, 228.

Arrest for embezzlement, 50.

Arrest for forgery, 49.

Arrest for hold-up, 55, 56, 57.

Arrest for intoxication, 48.

Arrest for murder, 59, 65.

Arrest for passing worthless checks, 50.

Arrest for swindle, 49.

Arrest, himiorous treatment of, 48.

Arrest, pathetic treatment of, 57.

"Asleep at the switch," 48.

Assignment in bankruptcy, 96.

Attorney general, opinion of, 90.

Automobile bandits, 55.

Automobile collision, 23, 24.

Automobile drivers* strike, 187.

Automobile ordinance, violation of, 78.

Automobile parade, 149, 150.

Automobile show, opening of, 142.

Bandit, automobile, 55.
Bandit, pathetic story of, 57.
Bandit, street car, 57.
Bankruptcy case, 95, 96.
Banquet, 157.
BasebaU, 212-216.

Baseball game, humorous treatment of, 215.
Bazaar, charity, 230.
Bonds, sale of municipal, 245.
Boston Advertiser, story from, 25.
Boston Globe, story from, 212.
Boston Herald, stories from, 23, 40, 143,
171, 246.

Boston Journal, story from, 251.

Boston Post, story from, 212.

Boston Transcript, stories from, 16, 18, 34,

138, 192, 219, 224, 239, 240, 244, 247.
Boston Traveler, story froqk|29.
Bridge party, 229. ^

Brooklyn Eagle, stories from, 42, 88.
Building of new hotel, 244.
Burglary, 54.

Bursary, human interest treatment of, 54.
Busmess merger, 242.

Card party. 228, 229.

Carnegie, Andrew, toast by, at banquet,

157.
Cat. death of, 258.
Cathedral service, anniversary, 160.
Charity bazaar, 230.

Chicago Daily News, stories from, 68, 136.
Chicago Evening Post, stories from, 102,

226, 228, 229.
Chicago Herald, stories from, 47, 54, 65, 66,

91, 95, 105, 116, 120, 222, 223, 227, 228,

229, 234, 236, 258.
Chicago Inter Ocean, stories from, 67, 108,

109, 171, 222, 258.
Chicago Record-Herald, stories from, 37,

146, 184.
Chicago Tribune, stories from, 19, 39, 42,

73, 105, 130, 137, 138, 164, 187, 188, 244,

246.
Children, news stories of, 25, 26, 39, 41,

42, 43, 47, 54, 154, 158, 159, 250.
Children's court, 79.
Chinese girls in court, 79.
Christian Science Monitor, stories from,

217, 235.
Christmas dinner, family reunion at, 227.
Christmas in children's hospital, 154.
Christmas pantomime, 155.
Christmas, preparations for celebrating,

152.
Church, anniversary celebration in, 160.
City bondS; sale of, 245.
City council meeting, 117.
College alumnae meeting, 228.
College dass day, 166.
College commencement, 162-166.
College crew prospects, 216.
College crew races, 217.

262

INDEX TO NEWS STORIES

College fraternity dinner, 226.

College giee dub, entertainment for, 229.

Collision, automobile, 23, 24.

Collision, railroad, 30, 31.

Collision, ships in, 34.

Colorado miners' strike, 188.

Colorado miners' strike, investigation of,

108.
Conmienoement exercises, college, 162-166.
Common council meeting, 117.
Conventions, 119-123.
Convict, capture of escaped, 67.
Convict, pathetic story of escarped, 68.
Council, meeting of city, 117.
Counterfeiter, human interest story of, 83.
County fair, 143.
Court decisions, 88, 89, 90.
Court, iMithetic story of, 78.
Court, police, 78.
Courts, civil, 88-105.
Courts, criminal, 81-87.
Courtship, unusual, 221, 222.
Crew, prospects of college, 216.
Crew races, college, 217.

Dancing parties, 226, 227, 228.
Deaths, 171-177.
Decision, court, 88, 89, 90.
Decoration Dav parade, 151.
Defalcation of bank clerk, 51.
Delinquency of young girl, 66.
Detroit News, stories from, 83, 94.
Dinner parties, 226, 227.
Disorderly conduct, arrest for, 58^
Divers, death of, in ship's hold, 32.
Dividend, railroad company's, 24Q.
Divorce suit, 93, 94.
Docks, stories from, 250-254.
Pog, death of, 258.
Drowning, 39-42, 196.
Dvluth Herald, stories from, 87, 89.

Easter, 193.

Eclipse of sun, 197.

Elections, 17^184.

Election day, 180.

Election, forecast of, 179.

Election, returns of city, 183.

Election, returns of state, 182, 183.

Elopement, 223.

Embezzlement, 51.

Engagement, announcement of, 226.

Entertainment, Christmas, in hospital, 154.

Entertainment, Christmas pantomime,

153.
Entertainment for charity. 230.
Entertainment in children's hospital, 158.
Entertainment, lawn f^te, 159.

Entertainment, school, 158.
Exhibitions, 142.
Explosion, cause of fire, 16, 19.
Explosion in fireworks plant, 19.
Explosion in mine, 36.
Ei^oeion in subway, 26.
Explosion in tannery, 16.

Failure, commercial, 95, 96.

Fair, agricultural. 143.

Fall from scaffold, 89.

F^te, lawn. 159.

Fight on elevated train, 58.

Fight on wagon, 78.

Financial news, 245, 246.

Fire, fatal, in factoiy, 19.

Fire, fatal, in lodging house, 21.

Fire, fatalj in tenement^ 21.

Fire in umversity buildmg, 17.

Fire, investigation of cause of, 18, 21, 22.

Fires. 16-22.

Football, 202-212.

Football game, 205, 207.

Football game, analysis of, 209.

Football game, dav of, 202, 203.

Forgery, 49, 50, 78.

Forgery, iMithetic treatment of, 78.

Golf match, 219.

Hearing before investigating committee,
108, 110.

Hearing in investigation, pathetic treat-
ment of, 110.

Hearing on city ordinance, 112, 113, 115.

Hearing on ordinance, humorous treat-
ment of, 113.

Highway robbery, 55.

Hippopotamus, story of, 257.

Hold-up, 55, 56, 57.

Hospital, Christmas in children's, 154.

Hospital, entertainment in children's, 158.

Hospital, surgical operation in, 170.

Hotel, new, 244.

Hotel story, himiorous, 249.

Humorous stories, 25, 47, 48, 55, 57, 58, 78,
91, 92, 113, 121, 122, 142, 150, 156, 157,
198, 215, 222, 249, 250, 252.

Illness, 168.

Indian, d3ring, 169.

Iridianapolis News, stories from, 133, 134.

Insanity case in court, 91.

Inspection, medical, of schoob, 236*

Interview with educator, 134.

Interview with official, 133.

Interview with opera singer, 136.

Interview with woman philanthropisiy 135.

INDEX TO NEWS STORIES

263

Interviews, 133-137.
Interviews, group of, 137.
Investigation, congressional, of strike, 108.
Investigation of drowning, 40.
Investigation of fire, 18, 21, 22.
Investigation of strike, 108, 110.
Investi^tion, pathetic treatment of, 110.

Jubilee service in cfithedral, 160.
Juvenile delinquency, 66.

Kansas City Star, stories from, 38, 49, 51,
66, 57, 60, 62, 65, 66, 78, 100, 127, 130,
135, 168, 172, 218, 227, 228, 235, 259.

Kansas City Times, stoiies from, 159, 171.

Labor difficulties and strikes, 186-190.

Larceny, conviction for, 87.

Law suit, himiorous treatment of, 92.

Lawn f^te, 159.

Lawrence, Mass., textile strike at, 190.

Lecture, 131.

Legislature, meeting of state, 116.

Library, public, 237.

Los Angeles Times, story from, 57.

Luncheon, 228.

Madison Democrat, stories from, 121, 129.
Mann Act, violation of, 66.
Manual training school, opening of. 234.
Manufacturing, new method in, 243.
Marine news stories, 32, 34, 35, 250, 251,

252, 254.
Market, opening of ^ 145.
Market prices, retail, 246, 247.
Mawson, Sir Douglas, lecture by, 131.
Medical inspection in schools, 236.
Meeting of city council, 117.
Meeting of Fnends. 123.
Meeting of old dotnes men, 122.
Meeting of safety coimcil, 120.
Meeting of state legislatiue, 116.
Meeting, 116-123.
Memorial T>a.y parade, 151.
Merger of business concerns, 242.
Milwaukee Daily News, stories from, 31, 43.
MUwavkee Evening Wisconsin, stories from,

43, 55, 156.
Milwaukee Free Press, stories from, 110,

137, 168.
Milwaukee Journal, stories from, 29, 44.
MUioatikee Sentinel, stories from, 30, 73, 78,

82, 170. 237, 242.
Mine explosion, 36, 38.
Miners, attempt to rescue, 38.
Miners, strike of, 1S8.
Mirage, 250.
Mule, trick, 259.

Municipal bonds, sale of, 245.
Mimicipal equipment, new, 240.
Municipal improvements, 239.
Murder, constructive treatment of, 60, 62,

63,65.
Murder, pathetic treatment of, 63, 65.
Murder trial, 84.
Murders, 5^-66.
Museum, public, 238.
Musicalc^ 228.

Nelson: William Rockhill, death of, 176.
New York Evening Mail, stories from, 70,

158.
New York Evening Post, stories from, 22,

74, 123, 138, 142, 147, 160, 162, 165, 174,

177, 187, 195, 202, 203, 209, 254.
New York Evening Telegram, story from,

93.
New York Globe, stories from, 236, 249.
New York Herald, stories from, 103, 112,

131, 149, 186, 194, 225, 227, 230, 241,

249.
New York Sun, stories from, 33, 61, 63, 79,

84, 92, 100, 122, 166, 250, 252.
New York Times, stories from, 17, 21, 26,

35, 39, 48, 72, 96, 98, 113, 119, 128, 142,

145, 151, 155, 158, 173, 180, 183, 190,

196, 215, 216, 224, 226, 230, 238, 250.
New York Tribune, stories from, 24, 32, 49,

59.
New York World, stories from, 21, 41, 48,

58, 61, 71, 81, 99, 150, 157, 182, 233, 256,

257.

Obituaries, 172-177.
Obituary of college dean, 177.
Obituary of editor, 176.
Obituary of fireman, 172.
Obituary of Italian undertaker, 174.
Obituary of politician, 173.
Obituary of William Rockhill Nelson, 176.
Ohio State Journal, story from, 121.
Old clothes men, meeting of, 117.
Operation, surgical, 170.
Opinion of attorney general, 90.
Ordinance, hearing on^ 112, 113, 115.
Ordinance introduced m city council meet-
ing, 117.
Ordinance, opposition to proposed, 118.

Pantomime, Christmas, 154.
Parade, automobile, 149, 150.
Parade, Memorial Day, 151.
Parties, aodal, 227-229.
Patent case, award in, 98.
Pathetic news stories, 25, 38, 42, 57, 63,
66, 68, 72, 73, 78, 110, 168.

264

INDEX TO NEWS STORIES

Penitentiary convict, escaped, 67, 68.
PkUaddphia Inquirer , story from, 170.
Philadelphia Ledger, stories from, 35, 117,

118, 176, 202, 225, 228, 229, 244.
Philadelphia Telegraph, story from, 257.
Police court case, 78.
Police news stories, 47-74.
Poultry show, opening of, 142.
Probate court case, 100, 104, 105.
Providence Journal, story from, 154.

Railroad accidents, 29-31.

Railroad company declares dividend, 246.

Railroad wreck, fatal, 30, 31.

Railroad's safety campaign, 241.

Real estate transactions, 244.

Receivership proceedings, 95.

Regatta of college crews, 217.

Report of federtd bureau, 138.

Report of federal official, 139.

Report of scientist, 138.

Rescue of drowning man, 41.

Robbeiy b^r automobile bandits, 55.

Robbery, highway, 65.

Robbery, hold-up, 56, 57.

Robbery, pathetic treatment of, 67.

Robbeiy, story of, told in court, 82.

Rowing, college crew races, 217.

Rowing, prospects of college crew, 216.

Runaway boy, 47.

Runaway boy in court, 81.

Runaway, heroism of policeman in, 22.

Runaway, himiorous treatment of, 25.

Safety campaign by railroad, 241.

Safety council meeting, 120.

Sailor, story of, 250.

St. Louis Ghbe-Democrat, stories from, 131,

183.
St. Louis Post Dispatch, story from, 116.
San Francisco Chronicle, stories from, 54,

90, 139.
San Francisco Examiner, stories from, 25,

36, 250.
School entertainment, 158.
School for backward children, 235.
School, new manual training, 234.
School, new vocational, 234.
Schools, 233-236.

Schools, medical inspection in, 236.
Schools, new method of spelling in, 134.
Schools, opening of new, 234.
Schools, opening of public, 233.
Schools, reading in, 235.
Schools, reading tests in, 236.
Search for lost child, 43.
Search for lost treasure, 252.
Separation, suit for, 93.

Sermon, 160.

Ship battered bjr gale, 35.

Ship, divers die in hold of, 32.

Ship news stories, 32, 34, 35, 250, 251, 252,

254.
Ships, collision of, 34.
Shipwreck, 35.
Shooting accident, 42.
Shooting, murders by, 58-66.
Shows, automobile, poultry, etc., 142.
Snow storm, 193.
Speeches, 127-130.
Sporting news, 200-220.
Sporting news, baseball, 212-216.
Sporting news, football, 202-212.
Sporting news, golf match, 219.
Sporting news, rowing, 216. 217.
Sporting news, tennis matcn, 218.
Spring, first day of, 194.
Springfield Republican, stories from, 104,

172, 179, 193, 205, 207, 240, 248.
Squirrel in city hall park, 256.
Statue, unveiling of, 147.
Storm batters fishing vessel, 35.
Storm causes shipwreck, 35.
Storm damages building, 196.
Storm, snow, 193.
Storm, wind, 196.
Stowaway, 251.
Street car accident, 24, 25.
Street car bandit, pathetic story of, 67.
Street car collision with automobile, 24.
Street car kills boy, 25.
Street improvements, 240.
Strike at Lawrence, Mass., 190.
Strike, congressional investigation of, 108.
Strike, investigation of, 110.
Strike of Colorado miners, 188.
Strike of taxicab drivers, 187.
Strike of textile workers, 190.
Strike of wholesale grocers' employes, 187.
Strike, possibility of, 186.
Strikes, 186-190.
Subway, accident in, 26.
Subway, himian interest stor}^ of, 250.
Suicide attempted by schoolgirl, 73.
Suicide, cause of attempted, 74.
Suicide of business man, 70.
Suicide of old couple, 71.
Suicide of seamstress, 73.
Suicide, pathetic treatment of, 72, 73.
Suicides, 70-74.

Suit at law, himiorous treatment of, 92.
Supreme court decision, 88. 89, 90.^
Supreme court decision, numan interest

treatment of, 89.
Surgical operation, 70.
Swindle, 49.

INDEX TO NEWS STORIES

26s

Taxicab drivers' strike, 187.

Tennis match, 218.

Theatre parties, 228.

Toast at banquet, 157.

Topeka CafUal, stories from, 50, 226.

Train derailed, 29.

Train wreck, fatal, 30, 31.

Trick mule, 259.

Tunnel, opening of, 146.

University building destroyed by fire, 17.
University class day, 166.
University commencement, 162-166.
Unveiling of statue, 147.

Vocational school, opening of, 234.
Vote, forecast of state, 179.
Vote on state-wide prohibition, 184.
Voting, election day, 180.

Washington Herald, stoiy from, 197.
Washington Postf story from, 198.

Washington TimeSf story from, 152.

Waywfiurd girl, 66.

Weather, 192-199.

Weather, cold summer, 195.

Weather, first winter, 192.

Weather, high wind, 196.

Weather, snow storm, 193.

Weather, spring, 194.

Wedding, elopement, 223.

Wedding of cowboy, 222.

Wedding of septuagenarians, 223.

Wedding, result of unusual romance, 222.

Weddings, 221-226,

Wharves, stories from, 250-254.

Will admitted to probate, 100, 104.

Wm, suit to break, 103.

Wilson, speech by President, 128, 130.

Wind, accidents due to, 196.

Winter weather, 192, 193.

Wisconsin State Journal, story from, 90.

Zoo story, 257.

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