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THE
KANSAS UNIVERSITY
SCIENCE BULLETIN
DEVOTED TO
THE PUBLICATION OF THE RESULTS OF
RESEARCH BY MEMBERS OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Vol. XXVI
(Whole Series, Vol. XXXVI)
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY
LAWRENCE, KANSAS
1939
PRINTED BY KANSAS STATE PRINTING PLANT
W. C. AUSTIN, STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA 1940
18-2181
if
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVI
A Revision of the Genus Athysanella and Some Related
Genera (Homoptera-Cicadellidae). EH. D. Ball and R.
BOTT RCS. ca Ren ee et ne ee 5
art FEE? A. Contention to the Taxonomy of the Sub-
family Issinae in America North of Mexico (Fulgoridae,
iomeptena).-. Kathleen Doering: .i-..0.5 os. 0 hoa cme - 83
The Genus Norvellina (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Dale
ER IUASULO) ts Mey ade f) 0. 3 Shae sec as «eM a ik em 169
A Revision of the Genus Listronotus (Curculionidae: Cole-
Sera) « LY dmMS. LH CNAeTSON. fx. Linck. ve ee ee as 218
Distribution Notes and Comments upon a Collection of
Mexican Lepidoptera. Part I: Rhopalocera. Wm. D.
LOBEL. oo 5 aE ES -GROLAG etter SA 339
Errata in Two Recent Papers on Taphrina. A.J. Miz.... 355
Morphological Differences in Taphrina Caerulescens upon
Different Species of Quercus. Hdna Old Thompson..... 357
. A New Synaptomys from the Pleistocene. Claude W. Hib-
POPC sot VSS Sele a p= Stele See ase 367
A New Pyonodont Fish from the Upper Cretaceous of Rus-
sell County, Kansas. Claude W. Hibbard............. 373
The Dermestid Method of Cleaning Skeletons. Otto W.
TE CMC ae ERs os sg. ss Lo Oe RIE 6 ee 377
. New Species of Mexican Anura. Edward H. Taylor...... 385
New Salamanders from Mexico, with a Discussion of Cer-
tain Known Forms. Hdward H. Taylor.............;. 407
Mexican Snakes of the Genus Typhlops. Edward H. Tay-
DOME ER xt UMMC Fae MN He aE ee. a ae 44]
Some Mexican Serpents. Edward H. Taylor............. 445
Herpetological Miscellany. Edward H. Taylor.......... 489
(3)
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OcroBer 1, 1939 [No.1
—
A Revision of the Genus Athysanella and Some Re-
lated Genera (Homoptera-Cicadellidae)
E. D. BALL AND R. H. BEAMER
Department of Entomology, University of Kansas
Apstracr: The following genera of leaf hoppers in America north of
Mexico are revised: Athysanella, Gladionura, Amphipyga, Pectinapyga, Gil-
lettiella and Doratura. Keys to the genera, subgenera and species are included,
as well as illustrations of male genitalia and the last ventral segment of the
females. Discusses 82 species, of which 65 are new. The new categories de-
scribed and nomenclatorial changes made are as follows: new synonymy;
Amphipyga Osb. (= Pectinapyga Osb.); Athysanella (Gladionura) sinuata
Osb. (= Gladionura abbreviata Osb.); Athysanella gardenia Osb. (= Gladio-
nura frigida Osb.); Athysanella robusta Bk. (= Athysanella montana Osb.) ;
Athysanella (Amphipyga) aridella Osb. (=Amphipyga californica Osb.);
Athysanella (Amphipyga) texana Osb. (= Gladionura aridicola Osb.); Athy-
sanella (Amphipyga) attenuata Bk. (= Amphipyga alta Osb.) (= Athysanella
extrusa Osb.); Athysanella (Amphipyga) occidentalis Bk. (= Athysanella
minuta Bk.); Athysanella (Gladionura) curtipennis Gill. and Bk. (= Gladio-
nura extensa Osb.); Gillettiella labiata (Gill.) (= Deltocephalus labiata var.
rufus Gill.) ; new subgenera; Brachydella (type, Brachydella abdominalis nu. sp.;
Pedumella (type, Pedumella spatulata n.sp.): Gladionura and Amphipyga are
reduced to subgenera of Athysanella: new species described: Athysanella
fredonia, Athysanella plana, Athysanella incerta, Athysanella parca, Athysanella
laeta, Athysanella tenera, Athysanella aspersa, Athysanella globosa, Athy-
sanella foeda, Athysanella kanabana, Athysanella salsa, Athysanella rostrata,
Athysanella supina, Athysanella bifida, Athysanella planata, Athysanella (Am-
phipyga) ardua, Athysanella (Amphipyga) playana, Athysanella (Amphipyga)
rubicunda, Athysanella (Amphipyga) skullana, Athysanella (Amphipyga)
triodana, Athysanella (Amphipyga) nimbata, Athysanella (Amphipyga) anzana,
Athysanella (Amphipyga) obesa, Athysanella (Amphipyga) minor, Athysanella
(Amphipyga) minor var. major, Athysanella (Amphipyga) turgida, Athysanella
(Amphipyga) hamata, Athysanella (Amphipyga) wilburi, Athysanella (Am-
phipyga) modesta, Athysanella (Amphipyga) kansana, Athysanella (Gladio-
nura) dubia, Athysanella (Gladionura) truncata, Athysanella (Gladionura)
blanda, Athysanella (Gladionura) blanda var. vana, Athysanella (Gladionura)
callida, Athysanella (Gladionura) uncinata, Athysanella (Gladionura) casa,
Aihysanella (Gladionura) alsa, Athysanella (Gladionura) rata, Athysanella
(Gladionura) libera, Athysanella (Gladionura) molesta, Athysanella (Gladio-
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6 THe UntIversity ScreENCcE BULLETIN
nura) adunca, Athysanella (Gladionura) sinuata var. lobata, Athysanella
(Gladionura) lunata, Athysanella (Gladionura) concava, Athysanella (Gladio-
nura) clavata, Athysanella (Gladionura) directa, Athysanella (Gladionura)
nigriventralis, Athysanella (Gladionura) dentata, Athysanella (Gladionura)
curvata, Athysanella (Gladionura) contracta, Athysanella (Gladionura) sagit-
tata, Athysanella (Gladionura) arcana, Athysanella (Gladionura) diversa,
Athysanella (Brachydella) abominalis, Athysanella (Pedumella) spatulata,
Gillettiella fasciata.
INDEX
PAGE PAGE PAGE
abbreviata 01.21. bale oasis ore bs)|/emanginata Gre .c anes eae ADH OB OSE: ceases’ oto soar o Rerun ere 34
ADGOMINALIS one cal es ee oe G4) CxCavataprresnsterldere heme G9) (occidentalisi=... jie crletemieiene 39
MCUTICANGA a\.%. cscs ne ec £:0°| Extensa aria soteisets vse Sere ete AB" NDANCE area crecetaresonelcte erlererete 15
SHUNCH ee ccctecjterel een SS OXbTUSA? Acie ate cueveelhe toners S| Pectinapyea, ot. cca
SISA, Side oe cele o' aaiepoene AS! fascination i.e soec aa ntctee 69)| Pedumiell anise nicieialctelcieterets 65
BG Ass ctaies species cl or aterate cre BF): foed ay nth casueeor ee 2 LO), (lang toletoresststel Teaches «helene 13
AD DIV Oe Were ein vc atoverravere 26) |fredonid isco cermin veer L2)|| pldnata sce svsroevetrcteyavera 24
ASV ZETAEY eyo Mey oee ae. « slate tate tenes S23 ixigiday s)sjcisrecrss aeitanterior 1) splayana? acne... cence 27
ANCANAN tevcte eveitie,c a saeeratohene 62altfunculatar want. cece GON TAGE” aiercistoteus chehotebeteneuacelees 50
AT OUR separa at. ir ata aron teste Diipeardenigesvecvrrerraa acheter LDP |ivecurvaitays.c<c ttt 66
areenteola 5% S:5ssareiow ts viele 63) |) Gillettiellay.ce< os okie. 67. |\reticulata, co. 22 eee 33
AYICOL Gs) ios a, oesictetenheue atlas 84) (Gladionunan arin osc slats 42) | rObUSta, (.<\ece soe ele eteeueiete 18
OYUCICOlG.:<, <,5/syere wiois cle erehets Sl Welobosauscahiccken tenon 28.) ‘rostrata yar siccicias aeons 21
SSDCVH Ac ceters vere Chptanratere roves Ufa |heamaate. 50 eaeivvstees ciety CI saber (obatst Mayen etinoon of 28
Athiysanella Gicic:.cc cress © Ol mncertaytra se oe rere U5. sagittata, sir cette oro cee 62
atropunctata ............ GSilinconertag.tsceseletenrtae 1S) ealedic screenees ha seeielne ee 20
ALLONUATE waicicieis clots skeieeker eis Sif) likanabsngiom.cc sect tee 20) | sinusitay esac ia oie 53
PAI cca, ec davetes opadfsyetevetetahaie ce S2ikansanae cjevs apaiece cele ois etek 41 kskullangie,. oioncteuiaae terete 28
POUR ncterctorserctne retro reiete 23) |labiatas..meie cre etiac erent Gi \spatulatenie. + chtermmiern eels 66
DL AnGa eters levevons ctelene ee 45: \ lata practic octets arate lon UG: |istylatarls) 5.<tvsvetoe a ote otteats 33
Bra chy delay ie ..ccisteuiay cies GE) liberation che bie cretcenctoretere 615 |Distylatas race eee 69
CANTOVMICR Macias sieleitie e elele 84) lobata, ttc.» veeraateeeie ime 54.,\’supina’ +). % aioe eae eerie 22
Calli Gaee <i achrcis ey obsiecetciaetoate 4G Tunata soocte cisistesewiciereraete BB») Geners |e: ce eco epelereeene 17
CHIU votareltraciercyatetareelevetecee £3 rng rd alenaaca ccc c ccceive tele D1 | terebrans --iscla.t eit 14
CIAVEED sete ors ielsts ocbre ctsiele laze Billa ors crctnsteriostee ceteuacreys 86:|'"texarac s+ oss. en ce nee 31
OTICA VEN lie laieelerajoielevarate’o! avons 5B || tminorccrelajevee seetovsiaittew toa, CLA aofethi Gagetanctacncdb 30
CONETAGEA <o.5 ci cizisiis nes leials GU minutae etic cece 89. lMtruncatar <2, c0.42ch eae 45
iianyel is einadigia engras b 43)iimodestay <u> sialsth een ore ere £0! | sturgida wis = skc\avercketoessebeer nate 86
CULVER fercrave ese, c.sheis.e es ole BOW molestai tinier creat eee 52. auneinatas i oeck ek eens 47
CLETIUATE) = Swine @ ccs y cteie niet le 59 ’montanaes sass ove ne ide U8" \rutahnanseeeoc cee cee 22
CITOCER fate ce eiwlete o sieitetem ates Bie mecazaranss eset see elec BOOTIE NF. aiorcreleittelelontee oyoneenat 46
CUIVETSR Vhs lo tclo Wield etetentawisies G4 iinigrOrascia iit. ). ae feta tee PALI NA 'p by Co bf: Maneesene eich any ary cs ns 52
WIOVHUIat ey. siete eteretaions 69 | nigriventralis ........... B8ilnwilburie:2 ce: ee eee 38
UC ie = GtoGin bre oe ee ane M2 MIDE ee ape siete erate 80) |:yumana, 1525 e.os, cones 25
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA i
ge paper deals with the species of the following genera of leaf
hoppers in North America north of Mexico: Athysanella Bk.;
Gladionura Osb.; Amphipyga Osb.; Pectinapyga Osb.; Gillettiella
Osb.; Doratura Shlb. (in America) ; Brachydella n. sub. g. and Pedu-
mella n. sub. g. Gladionura and Amphipyga are reduced to sub-
genera of Athysanella, Pectinapyga is placed as a synonym of Am-
phipyga, and Doratura is reported for the first time in this country.
The revision was begun several years ago because of the inability
to classify satisfactorily the great amount of material then in the
Snow Entomological Collection and the private collection of the
senior author. Doctor Ball’s serious illness in February, 1937, very
materially handicapped the progress of the work. However, in spite
of this misfortune it seemed best to go ahead and finish the paper,
omitting all host-plant records and life-history material, in the hope
that Doctor Ball will again be able to go ahead with that portion of
the study at some future date.
Many thousands of specimens have been examined. Aside from
all the material that was in the collections of the country, the Bio-
logical Survey of the University of Kansas made this group a “spe-
cial order of business” in the summers of 1935, 1936 and 1987, visiting
especially those regions known to be most suitable to these insects.
Special effort was made to obtain better series of some of the forms
represented by too few specimens. As a result we have been able to
study a great many individuals of most of the species. We have
also been fortunate in being able to study all the available type
material.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We desire to express our appreciation to all those individuals and
institutions who have so generously aided us with loans of specimens.
We are especially indebted to P. W. Oman of the United States Na-
tional Museum for much helpful advice and comparisons of type
material and to Dr. J. N. Knull of Ohio State University for the
privilege of studying the Osborn types.
DISTRIBUTION
The members of this group of leaf hoppers are pretty well scattered
over North America, but since they feed entirely upon grasses and
the most of them upon the so-called ‘“‘short-grasses,”’ we find a con-
centration of species in the desert. regions of the Southwest. Ari-
zona, New Mexico, Colorado and Kansas have yielded by far the
most of our forms. Some of the species seem to have a wide dis-
(9 a)
THe University ScreENcE BULLETIN
tribution, while others are quite restricted. This can probably be
correlated with food-plant distribution.
TECHNIQUE
This study is based largely on male external and internal genitalia.
Slide mounts are made by removing the abdomen of the male, plac-
ing it in ten percent caustic for a short time (1-2 minutes) until
cleared, transferring to water, then to a drop of glycerine, where the
pygofers are removed from the plates by splitting the body wall
along the sides and rupturing it about the base of the aedeagus.
These two portions are then mounted in diaphane inside down on
glass slides. Cover slips are pressed uniformly in place in order to
give each structure as nearly the same view as possible. Negative
prints on photostat paper have been made from these slides by
projection and are used in our plates.
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS
The head-shape and the type of male genitalia are used for generic
separation. The presence or absence of a spine on the hind tibia, to-
gether with the shape of the pygofer of the male, forms the basis for
subgeneric distinction and the shape of the male plates, styles, aede-
agi, and the last ventral segment of the females plus the usual pres-
ence or absence of round, black spots on the margin of the vertex,
forms the basis for the separation of species. Genitalic characters
have proven much more stable than vertexal or color.
Each species usually has both a short- and a long-winged form,
especially in the female, the short-winged individuals predominating
During our study of thousands of individuals we have been im-
pressed by the numerous examples of freaks of both sexes; that is,
specimens in which both internal and external parts of the genitalia
are only partially developed. As to what may have caused this ab-
normality we have no suggestions to make. It has not been un-
common to find one freak in every twenty-five specimens. It is
entirely possible, therefore, as has occurred, to have one of these
undeveloped individuals described as the type of a species.
TAXONOMIC POSITION
This group of leaf hoppers belongs to the subfamily Jassinae,
which is distinguished from other subfamilies of the Cicadellidae by
having ocelli on or near the margin of the vertex. They are usually
short winged with indistinct venation and the females usually have
long, sharp ovipositors,
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 9
Kry to GENERA
1. Vertex margin between ocelli thick, rounding to front, or if vertex margin is sharp
Wit AES CTONE ADE KG smkIN Chol leisererayerciercreners (chewelaNe s/s cs/ocele\c oe o's = nfo s’risiaueanis Selmisten 6 2
Vertex margin between ocelli foliaceous; no spur on apex of hind tibia of
iN Ba atohs boas Oo cos no oA eee Soe aoe oo hon bho UCU CO EROEn IENeNe Doratura, p. 69
ON BEeandlon ge seyCOMe= SHAPE yay evel. s 2 s)ieterel-aclahats aid) siesta) sista inte le) Siopetere i's; >) 5 wie. Gillettiella, p. 67
Head broadly angled, not cone-shaped...........0.-+2eeseeeetecced Athysanella, p. 9
THE GEenus ATHYSANELLA
C. F. Baker described the genus Athysanella in 1898 (Psyche, Vol.
VIII, p. 185), designating A. magdalena Bk. type. In 1930 (Ann.
Ent. Soc. Am., Dec., pp. 687-721) H. Osborn, in a revision of the
genus, described four new genera: Gillettiella, Pectinapyga, Am-
phipyga, and Gladionura. After a study of the many thousands of
specimens the authors were convinced that a truer picture of rela-
tionships would be shown by retaining Gilletiella, placing Pectin-
apyga as a synonym of Ahphipyga, and reducing Gladionura and
Amphipyga to subgenera of Athysanella. To complete this picture
it was necessary to describe two more subgenera: Brachydella and
Pedumella. ,
These leaf hoppers are usually small, less than 6.5mm. in length,
with vertex angled to rounded, usually brachypterous, some long
winged forms present in each species, venation indistinct, ovipositor
of female usually long and sharp and male genitalia usually large
and of a more or less open type.
Kry To SUBGENERA OF ATHYSANELLA
1. Male pygofer ending in a hook or long narrowed process at outer ventral corner.... 2
Malenpy rorersOTOAdbyc TOUN GEG hin. teeta s ate eircteae resi el etat al oie) aliotek eee Se a oo Naueue ier aleveha enc 3
Pind atibianot maleswithelancessp Urewt: ape xalcisn cvetereicteis ope cecuarsve cleusini tavous eisle clictoiel» a's 4
Hind tibia of male without large spur at apex.............-eeeeeeeee Pedumella, p. 65
Sends tibiaroh maleswith spur abeapexien ai amusreys cielo alee er siete eens ceed Athysanella, p. 9
Hind wiibia of=male without) Spursat) Apex ais cic o clersie -ieiclele sees wnelorate Amphipyga, p. 25
4. Vertex margin from eye to eye broadly rounded, very sharp, disc con-
GA Gr tote atere at atayes chard letey ales ioliotons, i ahatle! a; ohh ce fecstusuaitay sh ahiateitaccal osuctehe tah etrarerails. parce Brachydella, p. 64
Vertex margin from eye to eye more or less angular, never extremely
SLAM aa game Ca et ciet eee ah ouch aleates is eases SE aris) stro tere os ein Nal icomey heweeeaate ensrass Gladionura, p. 42
The Subgenus ATHYSANELLA Bk.
Athysanella-like leaf hoppers, the males of which have rounded
pygofers and spurs on apex of hind tibia. Type of the genus A.
magdalena Bk.
Key To THE SPECIES OF ATHYSANELLA
1: Usually with two or three round, black spots on margin of vertex......... 2
Usually without round, black spots on margin of vertex................... 13
Zee) OO LeT CHING KON Styles Dil Care sweety nave helene tr ci ote cate ec iers See te een eve Siw enderaters 4
Outersthirdorsstylesnot: Dilid s-aerete mes ote ea ne ke eas totale eee 3
Serle styles protruding’ beyoudiplates.e ls ascii occ meres elclcle aoe cic gardenia, p. 11
Stylesuaboutcas one asi platesmaryacieeoniectisie ios © ae kiee an okies globosa, p. 18
10
6.
10.
ns OF
13.
14,
15.
16.
at
18.
21.
22.
THe University SciIENCE BULLETIN
(2) Plates long with apices sharp pointed, last ventral segment of female with median
lobe much longer and broader than laterals................ magdalena, p.
Plates rounded; last ventral segment of female with median lobe not longer and
broader ethan ala tern ls iicjcyfovescisteratalis iolayerovevey ate in cvepoi Nene euehettoloncrst es evetey ee ape 5
(4) Dorsal and ventral points of style extending caudally about the same....... 6
Dorsal point of style extending much further caudad than ventral.......... 11
(5) Excavation between points of style very slight............. ce cece eee eee 7
Excavation quite deep between points of style........ 0c c cece eee eee eens 8
(6) Warsal point Of style sharp) ab VAMexicsier reise <j eyescln/oreienetolorelel chy avers lel ets fredonia, p.
Dorsal point of style thick with apex rounded.................+.06- plana, p.
(6) Dorsal point of style rounded at tip; last ventral segment of female with median
lobe-much * shorter’ than vlaterd] sonic tiers craters clctelaterokeisicustoie) oicioiens trenetets 9
Dorsal point of style truncate at tip; last ventral segment of female with lobes
about. equaleanvlenglts = sr-pteveislcioienerstesi bel clone sere mare tokeletehsloisler steel sts porerene 10
(8) Tip of aedeagus rounded; last ventral segment of female with deep excavation
Withs Small sme diane LOM Ea ei velstastcleoh-asteveetehatelaketoriakers tele aterenslio nests terebrans, p.
Tip of aedeagus sharp on dorsal margin; last ventral segment of female with
median lobe half as long as laterals.............0-sessseeees incongrua, p.
(8) Hook at end of aedeagus forming almost a circle; last ventral segment of female
with medium lobe very broad, shorter than laterals............ incerta, p.
Hook at end of aedeagus barely curved; last ventral segment of female with
central lobe narrower and of about same length as laterals........ parca, p.
()) Acdeseus widest merry hip verssoicissiaisretate isu cleWete altel etal aictetefereleekclehetelelcasieny laeta, p.
Aedeagus) not) widest Mea lips. eetele.c ties euctevatecets ore <leye\orcteletoved-solole rele eiakstenstavete 12
(11) Color stramineous; ventral point of style in caudal view ending in a ventral
curving hook; lateral lobes of last ventral segment of female long and
eltatts (3) ae NG Ae aro Aono SOU AOU DOOD OL as Aon aS Op oD ac tenera, p.
Color cinereous; ventral point of style not curving ventrally in a hook; lateral
lobes of last ventral segment of female triangular in shape........ aspera, p.
(4) Style of male not bifid on ‘outer third). occ ccc oe weer seine me 14
Style of male) bifid'ton. outer hind. ciijo (pales or elele eters ntatecee he ol'+ ele) lolol ls) wis! *lelioiels 15
(18) Aedeagus with serrate process arising on ventral margin at base; plates trian-
gular, pygofer ribbon-shaped.........-...seeseeseecceerseees robusta, p.
Aedeagus without such a process; plates not triangular; pygofer but slightly
TAT TO WEG rccafetaretevers) ceisvovetohaten akaterstsWape Con ee Le Oe roma CR Cac no globosa, p.
(13) Dorsal point of style apparently more than twice as long as ventral........ 16
Dorsal point of style more nearly the same length as ventral............. alo
(15) Almost no ventral point of style, ventral point extending caudad by the length
Of the “Ventral DOME Merci e cicnctoveveteyeicanietel Volar eteheiousecta tous iinietarapetafehy Nel eltcremetciane 17
Ventral point definite, about equal to dorsal in extension caudad...... foeda, p.
(16) Aedeagus in lateral view widest near apex; ventral margin serrate; dorsal point
of style long and slender, sides almost parallel................ kanabana, p.
Aedeagus in lateral view with sides almost parallel or widest near middle; dorsal
point of style with sides converging or long and sickle-shaped.......... 18
(17) Aedeagus with hook at apex almost forming a circle; dorsal point of style with
sides converging; last ventral segment of female with median lobe much
shorter” thane laterals. c.cls crete le rove! «carey diotolaWeayehey clove tae ok oevetelelarel tates salsa, p.
Aedeagus with hook at apex barely curved; dorsal point with sides almost
parallel, sickle-shaped; middle lobe of last ventral segment of female longer
than lateralgii.)sieicicceve sreta cine ol steveanntic iets nies levellaleaicietaveueteroysastevetel ateta rostrata, p.
(15) Ventral point of style viewed caudally almost without lateral flanges. .utahna, p.
Ventral point of style viewed caudally with lateral flanges...............++- 20
(19) Apex of style viewed laterally with very shallow excavation between points,
much less than width of dorsal point at middle...............- suprina, p.
Apex of style in lateral view with deep excavation, deep as width of dorsal point
Bt MIMS: <ocavoccvdiore mien ip Miepavereeie\ oh ove sha: oherveteltencus sretcrapmereegepetst skcanalal te) Seliskohioee oi
(20) Ventral margin of style in caudal view deeply excavated............. bifida, p.
Ventral margin of style in caudal view not excavated........+.eeeeeeeeees 22
(21) In ventral view outer margin of dorsal point of style sharply sloped toward
INNer MATS Blo AVEK aisliccle of ejs, olor sistere vis toheleyeherelaleterelairle\nheleressil el aie planata, p.
In ventral view outer margin of dorsal point of style not sloped toward inner
INMAT PIN Ab BPX ) oor oi oters oyasc, aloe la. osaiolovoywhojshaleisiakateisiy) mio] leone, ofeve’sarvare yumana, p.
11
13
17
17
18
18
19
20
20
bo t
wre
24
25
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA ae
1.* Athysanella gardenia Osb.
Athysanella gardenia Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., XXIII, p. 701, 1930.
Gladionura frigida Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., XXIII, p. 709, 1930.
This is a common Colorado species characterized by the long pro-
truding styles, and widely separated, triangular plates. Length:
Male, 2.75 mm.; female, 3.75 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; style protruding; spur on hind tibia
of male extending slightly beyond middle of first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous; vertex with two large black spots on margin and
a smaller spot at apex; elytra dusky, with veins lighter; dorsum of
abdomen with usual dark marks.
Genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded; valve triangular; plates
about as wide at base as valve, sinuately narrowed to rounded apices,
mesally widely separated, apices with distinct tooth just laterad of
middle. Styles long with one margin almost straight, other curved,
strongly protruding; aedeagus in lateral view slightly curved dor-
sally, slightly widened apically, apex dorsally convex. Last ventral
segment of female with lateral margins greatly extended, posterior
margin deeply excavated with small median tooth.
The holotype and allotype were not designated in the original
description nor were they marked in any collection. A lectoholotype
(No. 43183) male, and female lectoallotype (No. 43183), Garden of
the Gods, Colorado, Webster No. 7104; in the United States Na-
tional Museum are here designated.
2. Athysanella magdalena Baker
Athysanella magdalena Baker, C. F., Psyche, March, 1898, p. 185.
This species, selected by Baker as the type of the genus, is one
of the commonest in the Rocky Mountain region. Of small size, it
may be recognized by the very long, sharp-pointed plates of the
male and bifurcate style and the trilobed posterior margin of the
last ventral segment of the female, with the median lobe wider and
longer than the laterals. Length: Male, 2.5 mm.; female, 3.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; style usually visible; spur on hind
tibia of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
Gemtalia. Male pygofer broadly rounded, almost truncate at
apex; valve obtusely rounded; plates as broad as valve at base,
very long, tapering to sharp apices; styles long, enlarging toward
apex, humped on inner margin, apex bifid. Aedeagus of medium
length, slightly curved dorsally, ventral margin lightly serrate. Last
* Numeral preceding each species refers to number on plates.
12 Tue UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
ventral segment of female about twice as long as preceding, poste-
rior margin deeply trilobed, middle lobe much wider and longer
than laterals.
Lectoholotype female, Magdalena Mts., New Mexico, August,
1894, F. H. Snow, and lectoallotype male, Forrester’s Ranch, Lara-
mie county, Colorado, August 3, 1896 (No. 2013 of Baker), are here
designated. Types in United States National Museum.
Specimens are at hand from Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and
Utah.
3. Athysanella fredonia n. sp.
Resembling incongrua Bk., but lateral margins of last ventral seg-
ment of female heavy, not longer than middle portion, styles of
males not bifid, and aedeagus with ventral margin serrate, with
apex hooked. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; styles of male usually visible; spur
on hind tibia of male long, almost as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous to tawny, with darker markings; vertex with two
black spots on margin and a smaller one at apex from which ex-
tends two short dashes; dise with inverted L-shaped marks; prono-
tum more or less infuseated; elytra dark with light veins; dorsoum
of abdomen with usual dark spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male almost rectangular, lateral margins
slightly converging, apex truncate; valve angular with rounded apex;
plates narrower than valve at base, outer margin slightly converg-
ing to bluntly rounded apex; styles with apices greatly enlarged,
not bifid, end view shows a typical out-and-in curve on inner por-
tion; aedeagus in lateral view large, widest near outer third, ventral
margin serrate, apex hooked. Last ventral segment of female about
as long as preceding, posterior margin angularly excavated from
slightly rounded lateral margins to a rather broad, rounded median
tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, and 3 males and 2 females, Fre-
donia, Ariz., August 6, 1930, E. D. Ball; paratypes as follows:
numerous specimens, both sexes, Grand Junction, Colo., August 16,
1936, White’s City, N. Mex., July 17, 1936, Flagstaff, Ariz., July
27, 1936., R. H. Beamer; 20 females and 17 males, Kanab, Utah,
E. D. Ball; 7 males and 8 females, Grand Canyon, Ariz., E. D. Ball;
other specimens are at hand from the following localities: Las
Animas, Colo.; Garden of Gods, Colo.; St. Johns, Ariz.; Santa Ie,
N. Mex.; Pearce, Ariz.; Mustang Mts., Ariz.; Springer, N. Mex.;
Hartford, N. Mex.; Williams, Ariz.; Ash Fork, Ariz.; Westwater,
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 13
Utah; Parowan, Utah; Painted Desert, Ariz.; Glenn Oaks, Ariz.;
Lupton, Ariz.; Huachuca Mts., Ariz.
Types and paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball, paratypes in
Snow Entomological Collection and United States National Museum.
4. Athysanella plana n. sp.
Resembling aspera, but female with last ventral segment with
lateral margins longer and more slender and median excavation
deeper, and styles of male with apex broad and but slightly curved
from lateral view, outside of inner projection sloped to meet inner
margin in sharp line. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; styles usually visible; spur on hind
tibia of male almost as long as first tarsal segment.
Color tawny, with darker markings; vertex with two black spots
on margin and a smaller spot at apex, with two backward projecting
dashes; semblance of boxlike marks on disc; elytra dark with light
veins; dorsum of abdomen with usual dark markings.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male broadly rounded; valve about as long
as preceding; plates broader than valve at base, sharply converging
on outer margin to truncate apices; styles with large fingerlike
inner projection, in lateral view outer margin but slightly and very
evenly curved, inner prong with its outside sharply sloped to inner
at apex; aedeagus in lateral view constricted at base, ending in
blunt hook. Last ventral segment of female at least twice as long
as preceding, lateral margins prolonged into slender points, pos-
terior margin deeply excavated with a definite median tooth not
more than a third as long as lateral wings.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Califa,
Cal., June 12, 1935, P. W. Oman; 2 male and 1 female paratypes,
Visalia, Cal., June 11, 1909, E. D. Ball. Types and paratypes in
U.S. National Museum, paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball.
5. Athysanella incongrua Baker
Athysanella incongrua Baker, C. F., Psyche, March, 1898, p. 188.
Resembling terebrans, but may be separated by the angular apex
of aedeagus, by the parallel-margined inner process of style, and
by the less deeply excavated posterior margin of the last ventral
segment of the female, the laterial projections less than twice the
length of median tooth. Length: Male, 3.75 mm.; female, 4.75 mm.
Vertex flat to rounded, margins rounding; styles usually visible;
spur on hind tibia of male usually slightly more than half as long
as first tarsal segment.
14 Tue University ScrENCE BULLETIN
Color cinereous to tawny, marked with darker; vertex usually
with three black spots on margin; pair of dark triangles back of m
median spot often present; elytra often dark; veins usually lighter;
dorsum of abdomen with usual spotting.
Genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded; valve obtusely rounded;
plates as broad as valve at base, scarcely narrowed to broadly :
rounded apices diverging mesally; style at apex broadly U-shaped, ‘
inner fork parallel-sided, with apex rounded. Aedeagus in lateral
view gradually widening to avicephalic apex. Last ventral segment
of female with lateral margins extended, posterior margin excavated
with a broad median tooth. Lateral margins scarcely twice as long
as median tooth. ’
Lectoholotype male, Fort Collins, Colo., July 21, C. F. Baker, in
United States National Museum. Allotype female, Peyton, Colo.,
August 19, 1936, R. H. Beamer, in Snow Entomological Collection.
Specimens have been examined from Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma,
Colorado, and New Mexico.
6. Athysanella terebrans (Gill. & Baker)
Euttetix terebrans Gillette and Baker, Hemip. Colo., p. 102, 1895.
s )
Resembling incongrua Baker, but end of aedeagus blunt, the
inner fork of style sharp, and much deeper excavation of the pos-
terior margin of the last ventral segment of the female. Length:
Male, 3 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat to excavated; margins rounded; style usually exposed;
spur on hind tibia of male not more than half as long as first tarsal
segment.
Color cinereous, with darker markings; vertex with two black
spots on margin and a smaller spot at apex, with a pair of dots back
of apex and semblance of boxlike marks on disc; elytra with veins
lighter, with dusky stripes; abdomen spotted, as usual.
Genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded; valve obtusely rounded;
plates as broad as valve at base, converging to broadly rounded
apices, diverging on mesal line. Style U-Shaped at apex, inner pro-
cess narrowing to apex, not broadly rounded as in Athysanella in-
congrua Baker. Aedeagus in lateral view gradually increasing in
size toward tip, dorsal and ventral margins more or less serrate,
apex rounded. Female last ventral segment deeply excavated on
posterior margin, lateral extensions at least twice as long as median
notch.
Specimens have been studied from Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and
Nebraska. Allotype male, Wray, Colo., July 18, 1899. In Collec-
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 15
tion Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. Holotype
female, North Park, Colo., July 30 (Gillette), in United States
National Museum.
7. Athysanella incerta n. sp.
Resembling parca, but may be separated by the deeper notch in
the apex of style and by the almost complete circle made by the
hook at apex of aedeagus. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; apices of styles usually visible;
spur on hind tibia of male almost as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, vertex usually with three black spots;
elytra semihyaline, veins often lighter; dorsum of abdomen with
usual spots. :
Genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded, posterior margin almost
truncate. Valve obtusely rounded. Plates about as wide as valve
at base, almost touching on mesal margin, evenly narrowed to
broadly rounded apices. Styles slender to much enlarged bifid apical
third, two parts almost equally projecting. Aedeagus in lateral view
curved slightly dorsally, sides almost parallel, enlarged slightly at
apex, dorsal side cut away at apex, ventral corner produced into an
almost circular hook. Posterior margin of last ventral segment of
female with lateral angles broad and produced, mesal portion broadly
produced about half as far as lateral angles.
Holotype male, allotype female, 16 male and 6 female paratypes,
Lamar, Colo., August 20, 1936, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes,
nine pairs from Las Animas, Colo., August 20, 1936, R. H. Beamer;
2 males, Wray, Colo., July 28, 1900; 5 males, Canyon, Colo., July
13, 1898; 15 pairs, Lusk, Wyo., July 21, 1985, P. W. Oman. Types
and paratypes in Snow Collection, paratypes in United States Na-
tional Museum and Colorado Agricultural College Collection.
8. Athysanella parca n. sp.
Resembling salsa, but with: round, black spots on vertex, with
plates of male much longer with round apices, with apex of style
much heavier and finger process not projecting beyond apex, apex of
aedeagus with about a half hook and last ventral segment of female
with median lobe about as long as laterals. Length: Male, 3.25
mm., female, 4.25 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; apex of styles visible; spur on hind
tibia of male almost as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, vertex with two black spots on margin
with smaller spot at apex; veins of elytra sometimes lighter; usual
spots on abdomen.
16 THe UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
Genitalia, Pygofer broadly rounded, outer margin almost trun-
cate. Valve obtusely angulate; plates narrower than valve at base,
separated on mesal line, evenly narrowed to rounded apices. Styles
with rather narrow shaft, outer third very much enlarged, shallowly
bifid, finger process not reaching beyond apex of shaft. Aedeagus
in lateral view almost parallel-sided, slightly enlarged at apex,
dorsal corner of apex cut away, ventral corner ending in about a
half hook. Last ventral segment of female with lateral angles of
posterior margin produced into prominent lobes; median lobe heavier
and almost as long as laterals, flanked on either side by semblance
of lobe.
Holotype male, allotype female and numerous paratypes of both
sexes, Belen, N. Mex., July 20, 1986, R. H. Beamer and D. R. Lind-
say. Numerous other specimens are at hand from Roswell, N. Mex.,
July 16, 1936, same collectors.
9. Athysanella laeta n. sp.
Resembling terebrans, but much smaller, with longer inner points
of styles, aedeagus sharp-pointed, and lateral margins of last ven-
tral segment of female short as in incongrua. Length: Male, 3 mm.;
female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat to concave, margins sharp; apex of style usually
visible, spur on hind tibia of male about two-thirds as long as first
tarsal segment.
Color cinereous to fulvous with darker markings; vertex usually
with two black marks on margin and a smaller spot on apex; elytra
darker or subhyaline, with veins lighter; abdomen with usual darker
marks.
Genitalia. Pygofer with apices rounded; valve roundingly ob-
tuse; plates at base about as wide as valve; styles bifid at apex,
process at right angles to shaft long and narrow, reaching beyond
apex of shaft; aedeagus in lateral view curved dorsally, gradually
widening to sharp apex. Last ventral segment of female with lat-
eral margins prominent, posterior margin deeply excavated, with a
median tooth about half as long as lateral margins.
Holotype male, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., July 15, 1934; allotype
female, same data except July 14; paratypes as follows: numerous
specimens, Huachuca Mts., Ariz., September 5, 1936, E. D. Ball;
4 males and 4 females, same data as allotype, and one pair same
data as holotype; 2 females, Mustang Mts., Ariz., August 22, 1935,
R. H. Beamer. Other specimens at hand from Springer, N. Mex.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 17
Types in Collection of E. D. Ball; paratypes in Snow Entomologi-
cal Collection.
10. Athysanella tenera n. sp.
Resembling foeda, but much smaller, hardly half as large, vertex
with round, black spot on lateral margin and last ventral segment of
female with lateral projections broader, more rounded at apex, and
outer margin excavated. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.25 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; apex of styles usually visible; spur
on hind tibia of male, about two-thirds as long as first tarsal seg-
ment.
Color cinereous to stramineous, vertex with three small black
spots on margin, veins of elytra lighter; spots on dorsum of abdomen
about as usual.
Genitalia. Male pygofer almost rectangular with broadly rounded
apex; valve slightly shorter than preceding segment, obtusely angu-
late; plates broader at base than valve, outer margin almost
straight, inner margin rounded from slightly beyond apex of valve to
practically truncate apices, angled toward outer margin; style en-
larged on outer half, almost trifid at apex, inner process long and
slender; portion next plate concave, angled with apex of plate mar-
gin; aedeagus in lateral view broadest at middle, quite narrowed at
apex, ventral margin finely serrate. Last ventral segment of female
slightly longer than preceding, lateral margins slightly excavated to
long lateral processes, fairly broad with rounded apices, posterior
margin deeply excavated to broad, slightly produced median portion.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Las
Vegas, Nev., August 8, 1936; R. H. Beamer. Types in Snow Ento-
mological Collection.
11. Athysanella aspera n. sp.
Resembling terebrans, but median tooth in last ventral segment of
female less definite, dorsal prong of style projecting beyond outer,
and aedeagus ending in a hook. Length: Male, 2.75 mm.; female,
4.25 mm.
Structure. Vertex about a right angle, flat, almost concave in
male; hind tibia of male with spur almost as long as first tarsal
segment.
General color cinereous, with darker markings; vertex usually
with three black spots on margin; pronotum more or less flecked
with dark; elytra with darker longitudinal stripes; abdomen about
as usual,
2—2181
svar
18 THe UNIversity ScieENCcE BULLETIN
Genitalia. Pygofer of male broadly rounded; valve about as
long as preceding segment; plates broader than valve at base, short,
sides converging slightly to truncate apices; styles with apices
bifid, inner fork extending beyond outer; aedeagus in lateral view
broadest at base, ending in slightly curved tip. Last ventral seg-
ment of female about twice as long as preceding, lateral margins
greatly produced, posterior margin deeply excavated with more or
less definite median tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 14 male and 11 female paratypes,
Mojave, Cal., July 1, 1931, E. D. Ball; numerous paratypes, Lan-
caster, Cal., June 8, 1935, P. W. Oman. Types in collection of E.
D. Ball and paratypes in collection of United States National
Museum.
12. Athysanella robusta Baker
Athysanella robusta Baker, C. F., Psyche, March, 1898, p. 187.
Athysanella montana Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. XXIII, 1930, p. 700.
A rather stout species easily separated by the long ribbonlike
pygofer of the male, by the short triangular, widely separated plates
and the long, toothed, ventral process of the aedeagus. Length:
Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex slightly convex, margins rounded; only the apices of styles
visible externally; spur on hind tibia of male very short, some-
times absent.
Color cinereous, often suffused with brown; elytra with veins
lighter, abdomen with usual spots.
Genitalia. Male pygofer apically narrowed to about one-third
median basal width, more or less rolled outward. Valve obtusely
angled, much longer than wide; plates triangular, broadly separated
medially, outer margin much longer. Aedeagus very slightly curved
dorsally with ventral process almost as long as shaft, toothed on
inner and outer margins. Style short, slightly protruding, tip
rounded. ;
Due to an incorrect identification of Baker’s robusta, this species
was renamed montana. Types of both have been examined, Ad-
ditional specimens at hand from Colorado, Wyoming and Russell,
Manitoba, Canada.
13. Athysanella globosa n. sp.
Resembling robusta, but small, last ventral segment of female
more definitely three-lobed, male pygofer narrowed, but not nearly
so ribbonlike, plates much longer, narrower, with truncate apices
BaLL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 19
and aedeagus without the toothed ventral processes separated from
the shaft. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounding; styles not visible externally; spur
on hind tibia of male not quite extending to middle of first tarsal
segment.
Color stramineous to tawny; vertex usually with three small black
spots on margin; veins of elytra lighter; spots on abdomen quite
faint.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male abruptly narrowed, inner margin curv-
ing to sharp outer angle; valve about as long as preceding segment,
angled; plates wider than valve at base, mesally separated, about
as long as greatest width, apices truncate; styles slightly projecting
with flat spatulate apices; aedeagus in lateral view widest on middle
third, ventral margin serrate on same third, apical third narrower.
Last ventral segment of female slightly longer than preceding, lat-
eral margins produced, posterior margin broadly excavated, middle
shghtly produced, with a tendency to appear notched on either side.
Holotype male, allotype female, 1 male and 3 female paratypes,
Grand Canyon, Ariz., E. D. Ball, and in his collection.
14. Athysanella foeda n. sp.
Resembling incongrua, but somewhat larger, styles of males much
heavier, aedeagus with hook at tip and last ventral segment of fe-
male with very slender lateral margins and median tooth very short
and broad. Length: Male, 4 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounding; apex of styles visible; spur on
hind tibia of male not reaching middle of first segment of tarsi.
Color cinereous, vertex with faint indications of darker marks;
elytra veins lighter; dorsum of abdomen with usual dark spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded; valve obtusely rounded;
plates as wide as valve at base, sinuately narrowed to broadly
rounded tips, mesally not touching, inner margins diverging; aedea-
gus in lateral view heavy, slightly curved dorsally, with hook at tip.
Last ventral segment of female with lateral margins very long and
slender, posterior margin deeply excavated with very broad, more
or less trilobed median section.
Holotype male, allotype female, and 10 pairs of paratypes, Lara-
mie, Wyo., June 23, 1935, R. H. and Jack Beamer. In Snow col-
lection. Additional specimens at hand from Lyman, Wyo.
20 Tue UNIversiry ScreNceE BULLETIN
15. Athysanella kanabana n. sp.
Resembling bifida, but larger, female with posterior margin of
last ventral segment without a median excavation, and style with-
out divided apex, ending in fingerlike projection as in some of the
Amphipyga. Length: Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex almost convex, margins rounding; styles visible; spur on
hind tibia of male extending about two-thirds length of first tarsal!
segment.
Color cinereous; vertex may have cross dark dash from each
ocelli, small black spot at apex, with pair of diverging dashes ex-
tending caudad and pair of rounded fuscous areas on disc. Elytra
fuscous with light veins; dorsum of abdomen with six quite dark
longitudinal stripes, middle four usually with light area in the dark
on each segment.
Genitalia. Pygofer slightly narrowed on basal ventral corner
and cut off on dorsal outer corner, giving it an angular appearance;
valve about as wide as preceding segment, angular; plates wider at
base than valve, usually not touching on median line, very short,
apices almost truncate; styles with long fingerlike projection on
inner margin; aedeagus broad in lateral view, widest at apex, with
serrated protrusions on both sides. Last ventral segment of female
almost twice as long as preceding, lateral margins sharply excavated
for outer half its length, posterror margin rather progressively pro-
duced in three more or less definite undulations, the central much
the largest.
Holotype male, allotype female, 29 male and 39 female paratypes,
Kanab, Utah, August 9, 1936, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes as
follows: 18 males and 44 females, Williamson Valley, Ariz., E. D.
Ball; 6 males and 1 female, Kanab, Utah, E. D. Ball; numerous
specimens, Stafford county, Kansas, salt marsh, R. H. Beamer and
P. W. Oman, 1936; other specimens are at hand from the following
localities: Wagonmound, N. Mex., Elmendorf, N. Mex., Santa Fe,
N. Mex., St. Johns, Ariz., Fredonia, Ariz., Wilcox, Ariz. Types and
paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collec-
tion of E. D. Ball and the United States National Museum.
16. Athysanella salsa n. sp.
Resembling wtahna, but usually with dark markings on dorsum,
with male plates very short, scarcely surpassing apex of valve on
inner margin and with truncate apices, male style with fingerlike
process heavier and projecting beyond apex of style and aedeagus
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA pe
without serrations on ventral margin and ending in a pronounced
hook. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; styles usually visible; spur on hind
tibia of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
Color stramineous, sometimes tinged with green; elytra with
veins faintly lighter; dorsum of abdomen with rows of spots faint.
Genitalia. Pygofer broad, almost rectangular. Valve of male
obtusely rounded. Plates very short, scarcely extending beyond
valve on inner margin, apices truncate. Styles projecting, finger-
like process heavy, curved, extending beyond style. Aedeagus of
medium length, in lateral view sides almost parallel, apex with
hook on ventral margin. Last ventral segment of female with lateral
lobes of posterior margin, narrow, sharply projecting, median portion
very slightly produced, with a semblance of a notch either side
middle.
Holotype male, allotype female and numerous male and female
paratypes, St. John, Kan., September 11, 1936, R. H. Beamer; ad-
ditional paratypes as follows: 15 pairs, Stafford county, Kansas, salt
marsh, June 30, 1934, D. A. Wilbur; 2 males and 1 female, Lubbock,
Tex., June 5, 1929, R. K. Fletcher; one pair, Clarendon Siding,
Kan., July 26, 1891, C. F. Baker collection.
17. Athysanella rostrata n. sp.
Resembling plana, but usually without black spots on the margin
of vertex, middle tooth on posterior margin of last ventral seg-
ment of female longer than laterals, and style with inner fingerlike
projection very long and slender, with apex hooked out. Length:
Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 5.25 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; styles visible externally; spur on
hind tibia of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous to tawny, often quite heavily marked with fus-
cous; vertex sometimes with a cross-dash opposite each ocellus, a
pair of diverging dashes at apex; a pair of smoky boxlike spots on
disc and a short dash on each side at base; pronotum more or less
spotted and banded with brown; elytra brown with light veins; dor-
sum of abdomen with usual spotting, latter pair of longitudinal
stripes much heavier.
Gemtalia. Pygofer of male almost rectangular, corners rounded;
valve about half as long as preceding segment, angular; plates wider
at base than valve, very short, inner margin straight, outer converg-
ing, apex truncate; styles with apex bifid, inner fingerlike projec-
rp THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
tion as long as style, bent out into a clawlike process at apex; aedea-
gus in lateral view of medium size, narrow at base, gradually
enlarging to middle, then narrowing to sharp apex. Last ventral
segment of female not as long as preceding, posterior margin divided
into three strong teeth, the middle usually about twice as large as
the outer.
Holotype male, allotype female and numerous paratypes, Perris,
Cal., June 5, 1935, P. W. Oman. Types in United States National
Museum.
18. Athysanella utahna Osb.
Athysanella utahna Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., XXIII, p. 705, 1930.
Resembling ywmana, but may be distinguished by the vertex be-
ing slightly longer than wide, by the green coloring with no spots,
and by the much slenderer processes of the style. Length: Male,
3 mm.; female, 4.75 mm.
Vertex flat, margins sharp; style of male usually visible ex-
ternally; spur on hind tibia of male about half as long as first tar-
sal segment.
Color yellowish-green, usually unmarked except spots on dorsum
of abdomen, and those rather faint. Venter usually quite dark.
Genitalia. Pygofer broadly rounded; valve not half as long as
preceding segment, angular; plates broader at base than valves,
converging to rounded apices; style bifurcate at apex; excavation
between points deep and evenly rounded; ventral process longest,
quite slender; aedeagus in lateral view widest near middle, slightly .
serrate on ventral margin. Last ventral segment of female slightly
longer than preceding, posterior margin deeply excavated with a
short, blunt tooth at middle.
Lectoholotype male and lectoallotype female, Ephraim, Utah,
July 20, 1914, E. D. Ball, described above, are here designated.
This is the common species in the salty or alkaline areas in the
northwestern part of the United States. Specimens are at hand
from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah and Arizona.
19. Athysanella supina n. sp.
Resembling Athysanella yumana Osb., but crown flatter and
margins sharper both from dorsal and lateral view; apex of style
almost without excavation; elytra without dark longitudinal stripes.
Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Crown flat, margins sharp in dorsal and lateral view; spine on
hind tarsi of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA Zy
General ground color yellowish-green; crown and abdomen often
quite heavily embrowned; elytra usually without marks, some-
times veins lighter.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male almost rectangular; valve about as
long as preceding segment; angular; plates narrower than valve at
base, both margins converging to rounded apex; styles enlarged at
tip with broad, inner fingerlike process, in lateral view like fredonia,
in apical view almost straight, with tip slightly turned in; aedea-
gus in lateral view widest at middle, tip truncate; ventral margin
serrate on middle third. Last ventral segment of female one-half
longer than preceding segment, lateral margins strongly produced,
posterior margin excavated almost to base with small tooth at
middle.
Holotype male, allotype female, 12 females and 28 males, Boca
Chica, Texas, May 30, 1933, P. W. Oman; 2 male paratypes, Cam-
eron county, Texas, August 3, 1928, R. H. Beamer, and numerous
specimens, Boca Chica, Texas, June 30, 1988, R. H. Beamer. Types
in United States National Museum, paratypes in Snow Entomologi-
eal Collection.
20. Athysanella bifida n. sp.
Resembling foeda, but much smaller, last ventral segment of fe-
male without lateral margins prolonged and inner prong of style
very slender and sharp. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins sharp; styles usually visible externally; spur
on hind tibia of male about half as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous, heavily marked with fuscous; vertex with two
dashes at apex, indefinite boxlike spot on disc, with darker spot
either side at base in a lighter area; pronotum with cross-row of
spots anteriorly, and six longitudinal dark stripes back of these;
elytra dark with light veins; dorsum of abdomen with six longitu-
dinal dark stripes, inner pair on each side with a light inclusion on
each segment.
Genitalia. Pygofer of medium size, margins slightly converging,
apex almost truncate; valve broad, angular, rounded at apex; plates
narrower at base than valve, sides slightly converging, apex almost
truncate; style bifurcate at apex, outer prong concave next plate,
inner branch narrow and sharp; aedeagus in lateral view of medium
length, widest on outer third, ventral margin serrate. Last ventral
segment of female barely longer than preceding, lateral margins
evenly rounded, median third of posterior margin shallowly ex-
cavated.
24 THe UNIversity ScrENCE BULLETIN
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Monu-
ment, Colo., August 19, 1936, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes as
follows: 7 males and 9 females, Hartford, N. Mex., July 17, 1936,
R. H. Beamer; 14 females and 15 males, Sisseton, 8. Dak., July 23,
1935, P. W. Oman; 4 males and 12 females, Vayland, 8. Dak., July
23, 1935, P. W. Oman; numerous males and females, Cheyenne,
Wyo., July 20, 1935, P. W. Oman; 3 males and 1 female, Pine Bluff,
Wyo., July 20, 1935, P. W. Oman; 5 males and 2 females, Wasta,
S. Dak., July 27, 1935, P. W. Oman; 2 females, Wall, S. Dak.,
July 27, 1935, P. W. Oman; 1 female, Lusk, Wyo., July 21, 1935,
P. W. Oman; 3 females, Fox Ridge, 8. Dak., June 22, 1927, H. C.
Severin; 1 male, Lake Oakwood, S. Dak., June 21, 1921, H. C.
Severin.
Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection; para-
types in United States National Museum and collection of E. D.
Ball.
21. Athysanella planata n. sp.
Resembling plana, but distinctly smaller, without black spots on
margin of vertex, style of male with smaller fingerlike process dis-
tinctly narrower, excavation in apex much deeper and last ventral
segment of female with lateral processes longer, with median tooth
larger. Length: Male, 2.75 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; styles usually visible externally;
spur on hind tibia of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal
segment.
Color milky white, tinged with buff, almost unmarked, sometimes
with few light markings on dorsum of abdomen.
Genitalia, Pygofer of male almost rectangular; valve slightly
longer than preceding segment, obtusely angular; plates wider at
base than valve, margins converging to rounded apices; style greatly
enlarged on outer half, bifid, outer process in ventral view under a
slip much narrower and longer than inner; aedeagus in lateral view
widest at base, slowly narrowing to outer fourth where it rapidly
narrows to hooked, apex. Last ventral segment of female almost
twice as long as preceding, posterior margin excavated almost to
base, leaving very long, lateral processes with a fairly broad, angu-
lar median process.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, New-
berry Springs, Cal., July 30, 1936, D. R. Lindsay and R. H. Beamer.
Types in Snow Entomological Collection.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 25
22. Athysanella yumana Osb.
Athysanella yumana Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. XXIII, p. 704, 1930.
This species is characterized by the vertex being wider than
median length, by the dark markings on the vertex, elytra, and
abdomen, and by the stout bifid apex of the style. Length: Male,
3 mm.; female, 4.75 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; style usually partially visible; spur
on hind tibia of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal seg-
ment.
Color cinereous, vertex with indication of cross dash from each
ocellus and boxlike mark on disc; pronotum with cross-row of light
brown spots; elytra with brown longitudinal stripes, at least par-
tially present; abdominal stripes also at least indicated.
Genitalia. Pygofer rectangular, with outer corners broadly
rounded; valve about two-thirds as long as preceding segment,
angular; plates broader at base than valve, sides converging to
rounded apices; style bifid at apex, both processes quite heavy, dor-
sal much longer; aedeagus in lateral view thickest on basal half,
ventral margin serrate. Last ventral segment of female about
twice as long as preceding, posterior margin deeply, angularly ex-
cavated, with a small median lobe.
The holotype and allotype were not designated in the original
description. There is an empty pin in the Osborn collection carrying
the label “type.” However, no specimen was marked allotype, so
a lectoholotype male and lectoallotype female, Yuma, Ariz., Herbert
Osborn, are here designated. Types in collection of E. D. Ball,
paratypes in Snow collection, the United States National Museum,
and in Osborn collection.
The Subgenus AmpuipyGa Osb.
Athysanella-like leaf hoppers, the males of which have a rounded
pygofer and hind tibia without a spine at apex. The type of genus
Athysanella (Amphipyga) ballt Osb.
Key TO THE SPECIES or AMPHIPYGA
is Margin of vertex usually with at least a pair of round black spots.......... 10
Margin of vertex usually without a pair of round black spots.............. 2
2. (1) Style with long fingerlike process on dorsal margin.............2.2+eee0: 3
Style without long fingerlike process on dorsal margin...........+...eee2+ 4
3. (2) Fingerlike dorsal process of style with knob at apex..............-. ardua, p. 27
Fingerlike dorsal process of style tapering from base to apex........ playana, p. 27
Aree) ee latest witht brin ca he waplCessi: iste cectcvertenccieen (8.0 eal hee a ore cake ech aoe oes ee esis 5
Pistese wiilerounded “apicessratoaiy te acerca ae cieciole ove co arcisie< crescents ee 8
5. (4) Aedeagus with pair of ventral diverging processes, arising at base...rubicunda, p. 28
PNECEACIIB e WIL NOU: SICH pe DLOCESSES sata cic fai ai morte eheioere aye cnichcle moore foteie7e ue re waketels 6
Oia (o) Motvice as lone yas plates arc. cent ehteiin hee are tye Neiaee Sut tS ae ae 7
Siylesemucheshoncerstiarny pl abesueiascie iret ainlsetcieiises ctetae nice nigrofascia, p. 29
26
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
(6)
(4)
(8)
(1)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(10)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(15)
(14)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Plates aboutias: long se vale cer erie:derepctassss) peists) ofers areicherebidebetavorehcte turgida, p.
Plates, much longer thane valvews an os eters clersiayerciereeteincole eerste tenensterer skullana, p.
Aedeagus in lateral view with serrations on ventral margin; plates with dark
SPOb* ab! APICOR ree aie.s secahe wie oie ve vw,e-oheyaerv alee. cvalane wi@Wersin aeverenebacteiere triodana, p.
Aedeagus without serrations on ventral margin or black spot at apex of plates, 9
Aedeagus very large at base, tapered to tip; ventral point of style short,
Whine Sorarccancougdarcga cours doognagadmadoundagatsecdcus nimbata, p.
Aedeagus small, not tapered until outer fourth; ventral process of style long,
straight, with the ventral point forms an acute angled notch; pygofer with a
MoOtcheds process Al ADE jiejernlotele wkeunlelafeleseusiuiatels nie elclelsisicdeienereeietaiete teranda, p.
Apical’ third sof style” Difid' << teveieccpaisvojercvevereica clave ol ciel creteheleyorejete/aleraketabeasterstohate stele alt
Apical third ofstyle not, Difid’y yescseic.- sore cyoiwieree wie ieiete Dress se Tol sketoercrstetereterete ave 14
Ventral point of foot of style rounded): .fccis csi lee sees isiels sie he\e ele anzana, p.
Ventral point ‘of Tootcor stylevangular snr cet cjercisiaeioncie atern sicinlsrerevenenclevereieranenete 12
Longitudinal brown vittae of elytra broad and dark; apex of dorsal point of
style slightly enlarmediticncsvsctsuenie te ec ele take rete teestototoneieret oe eevee eeiede balli, p.
Longitudinal vittae of elytra quite light; dorsal point of style not enlarged.. 13
Three markings on margin of vertex, small middle one often with two diverging
backward pointing dashes; dorsal point of style almost twice as long as
VONLEal aisievcievers wacraiay pei ola tetera: oaontye ce veanere: sueratione: cusuccuiniokeus Morekeintn macieretnns stylata, p.
Two markings on margin of vertex, large, round; dorsal point of style barely
longer than'-ventyrall nic cnsstorsseravehereerete onc ohegevale ose eterno ser creer reticulata, p.
Pygoter with an apical. sharp, black spines serereictecvetelelerciolelotsiehelereleletstetereters 15
Pygofer “without! sucha Spin Gia cketsloyerareieiorerel «arcane larenste veletal ove on avavetene reSeReLshagatens 19
Styles scarcely reaching apex Of platesicr cst ie oie elors aicioicislessalsioxctofeiee sucleisysinre 16
Styles). protruding. beyondeplates ave. cielectercichere epee oterenersioreie: se ecuaiercneieeae renee 18
Apices of plates evenly rounded; outer third of style oval.......... aridella, p.
Apices of plates with a distinct angle on outer dorsal corner; outer third of style
with sides almost parallel, apices almost truncate...........eeeeeeee seteoned
Pygofer avicephaliform; aedeagus enlarged at apex.............. attenuata, p.
Pygofer not avicephaliform; aedeagus not enlarged at tip........... obesa, p.
Smaller species ¢ 2.25mm.; plates almost truncate with long dorsal corner;
styles clavatenicyes <1 ~lotaydssavetorcroter siieteretoratae aonereronorenslsnaneeeqavere ete) crstiotene minor, p.
Larger species g 2.75 mm. ; darker; aedeagus enlarged on outer
tT Re ter ent. hr Amy rotano ee oe ai make ons ow minor var. major, p.
Plates ‘not reaching: beyond! valve. sce a)oteroiciel deverelal tel s/ateteteisieioy cree tele turgida, p.
Plates: reaching: beyond. ° VALVe's;sc: sys, «cis (eons ari eve ave vs (winds oes arasetelnts,s\ wicvetetelatetahaiels 20
Apex of style with hook on dorsal margin.................-eeeeee hamata, p.
Style without Wook <-<5.< cts wires cveke: ater aye edie cverecararcfovarepelel eters skate wrojetatorsvevenele 21
Largest species in genus 95, 43.25; pygofer narrowed with embrowned pro-
jection on ventral margin; last ventral segment of Q almost
BELA SIG Sis ahaa aera ole (ore, ae fol eknliali sy aligisheVay ade tiered Ore: ace LAST Da redeeets attenuata Bk., p.
Pygofer hook without projection, much smaller species...........0++.0ee0e 22
Aedeagus with large hump on ventral margin near middle, posterior margin of
last ventral segment with spade-shaped projection occupying middle
ERI ores s esos wl cis Nee wlotevenbreretrateitors sions atop teteeotewencvencts tol sae arene wilburi, p.
Aedeagus without such a hump.............-.+. LM hares (czels to ter'sl aretanetevaen aides 23
Aedeagus with serrations on dorsal margin; plates usually almost contiguous at
DESO. 5 eleic dvaresels. 6p aishateished nieiecel ates! oval eratete wi eletana fea aretavarsie mates occidentalis, p.
Aedeagus without serrations on dorsal Margin.........-eeceesssceeecces e» 24
Outer half of styles roundingly oval; aedeagus with coarse serrations on ventral
margin; posterior margin of last ventral segment of female almost
SET AIQUG ts, drat fo isvat shale cs soscioke ho oe Rta ire iolersier ice halo ACen ea nae acuticauda, p.
Outer half of styles with sides almost parallel-margined; aedeagus with fine
serrations on ventral margin; posterior margin of last ventral segment of 9
PLOMUCE fo firea ks wropetehicove:atane ay/eyirevovere wohe elec We eramecccabrenehtehtredocete i stator erakeyaets 25
(24) Plates with apices almost truncate, at least half as wide as at base; posterior
margin of last ventral segment of Q produced over two-thirds its width with
a shallow excavation in “its middle. 2 0150/- crornieies ss) st eisls spiajere modesta, p.
Plates narrowed to rounded tips, not one-third as wide as base; posterior margin
of last ventral segment of Q slightly produced over broad area. .kansana, p.
36
28
30
30
31
32
32
33
33
34
37
34
35
36
36
37
37
38
39
40
40
41
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA D7
23. Athysanella (Amphipyga) ardua n. sp.
Resembling teres Ball and Beamer, but easily separated from it
by the enlarged apex of the fingerlike process of style and by the
plates being much longer than the valve. Length: Male, 3 mm.;
female, 4.75 mm.
Vertex flat, margins fairly sharp; enlarged apex of fingerlike
process of style usually visible externally.
Color cinereous, elytra sometimes with lighter longitudinal stripes;
abdomen with usual rows of small brown spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male almost quadrangular, outer corners
rounded; valve about as long as preceding segment, angular; plates
broader than valve at base and but slightly larger, separated on
inner margin; apices bluntly rounded; style enlarged on outer half
with very long knobbed inner fingerlike process; aedeagus in lateral
view stout, widest at apex with heavy serrations on ventral apical
margin. Last ventral segment of female longer than preceding,
with lateral angles rounded to broad median projection of posterior
margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, 10 female and 14 male paratypes,
Lamar, Colo., August 20, 1986, R. H. Beamer; 2 male paratypes,
Pueblo, Colo., E. D. Ball; 2 male and 3 female paratypes, Lamar,
Colo., July 10, 1899, and 1 male, Snyder, Colo., August 2, 1899;
7 female and 11 male paratypes, Las Animas, Colo., August 20,
1936, R. H. Beamer. Other specimens at hand from Alamosa, Monte
Vista, and Garden of the Gods, Colorado. Types and paratypes in
Snow Entomological Collection; paratypes in collection of E. D.
Ball and Colorado State College.
24. Athysanella (Amphipyga) playana n. sp.
Resembling ardua B. & B., but with fingerlike processes of styles
converging instead of knobbed, with aedeagus longer and more
slender without the large serrations at apex, with shorter plates
scarcely exceeding valve. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins quite rounded; fingerlike process of style
usually visible externally.
Color varies from stramineous to cinereous with dark markings;
vertex usually light; pronotum flecked with brown; elytra and dor-
‘sum of abdomen with quite dark brown longitudinal stripes.
Genitalia. Pygofers broadly rounded. Valve obtusely angled;
plates widely separated, about as wide as valve at base, scarcely
reaching beyond apex of valve, roundingly blunt; styles with long
28 THe UNIvERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
narrowing fingerlike process on inner margin; aedeagus long and
slender, scarcely curved, apex with dorsal protuberance and apical
bulging.
Holotype male, allotype female, 1 female paratype, September
6, 1936, and 2 males and 5 females, June 11, 1936, Wilcox, Ariz.,
EK. D. Ball; 17 pairs of paratypes, Cochise, Ariz., August 24, 1935,
R. H. Beamer. Holotype, allotype and paratypes in Ball collection,
paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection.
25. Athysanella (Amphipyga) rubicunda n. sp.
Resembling the light form of nzgrafascia DeL., but easily sepa-
rated from it by the pink color, by the excavated apices of male
plates, the long, diverging, ventral processes of aedeagus and the
longer process on the last ventral segment of the female. Length:
Male, 3 mm.; female, 3.5 mm.
Structure. Vertex bluntly angular, slightly wider between eyes
than median length. Elytra short exposing about five abdominal
segments.
Color. Stramineous tinged with pink, process of last ventral seg-
ment of female darkened.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female with lateral margins
rounding to very long, quadrangular median process occupying one-
third width of segment. Male valve slightly more than right angle;
plates about as wide as valve at base, lateral margins sinuately
converging to concave apices, inner margins slightly diverging near
apex. Aedeagus almost a straight tube with a pair of ventral proc-
esses arising at base, diverging, almost as long as shaft. These
processes are unusual in the genus.
Holotype male, allotype female, 1 male and 1 female paratype,
Phillips county, Kansas, July 8, 1925, R. H. Beamer; other para-
types; 4 females and 1 male, Portales, N. Mex., July 16, 1936, R. H
Beamer; 5 males and 2 females, Sturgis, S. Dak., July 22, 1935,
P. W. Oman; 3 males, Colorado, No. 1593, C. F. Baker. Types in
the Snow Entomological Collection and paratypes in the U. 8. Na-
tional Museum.
26. Athysanella (Amphipyga) skullana n. sp.
Resembling wilburi, but apices of plates of male truncate instead
of rounded, apices of styles more rectangular than oval, serrated
protrusion on ventral margin of aedeagus on outer third instead
of near middle and last ventral segment of female with median pro-
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 29
{rusion angular instead of rectangular. Length: Male, 3 mm.; fe-
male, 4 mm.
Vertex more or less rounded, margins rounding, color cinereous
with more or less darker markings; vertex often with more or less
indefinite dark marks; pronotum with usual cross row of spots;
elytra from semihyaline with lighter veins to dark brown longi-
tudinal bands; dorsum of abdomen with usual rows of brown spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male very slightly narrowed to rounded
apex with peculiar angled process on inner margin; valve about as
long as preceding segment, obtusely angled; plates wider at base
than valve, sides slightly narrowed to truncate apices with rounded
corners; style enlarged on outer half, widest just before apex, outer
margin longest; aedeagus in lateral view almost straight, slightly
narrowed at middle, with a peculiar, serrated protrusion on outer
fourth on ventral margin. Last ventral segment of female longer
than preceding, lateral margin rounding, posterior margin with
middle third protruded in form of triangle.
Holotype male, allotype female and 4 female paratypes, Skull
Valley, Arizona, April 24, 1904, E. D. Ball. In collection of E. D.
Ball.
27. Athysanella (Amphipyga) nigrofascia DeLong and Davidson
Amphipyga nigrofascia DeLong and Davidson, Jr., N. Y., Ent. Soc., No. 2, Vol. XLII, p.
222, 1934.
This species was described from two males from Lodi, Cal. The
female is here described for the first time.
Length, 3.75 mm. Colored as the male. Last ventral segment
more than twice as long as preceding, lateral margins rounding to
a very long, black, rectangular, median projection, occupying about
one-third posterior margin.
Allotype female described above, Antioch, Cal., July 30, 1935,
R. H. Beamer.
This species is quite variable in color. Out of the 73 females
and 70 males taken at the above place and time, about 40 each,
males and females, were typically colored, the remainder lacking
any dorsal black markings, the projection of the last ventral seg-
ment of the female retaining the only dark coloring. National
museum material collected in California in 1935 by P. W. Oman
showed a variation from almost entirely black individuals to en-
tirely light ones. Male internal genitalia were identical in both
forms.
Allotype in Snow Entomological Collection.
30 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
28. Athysanella (Amphipyga) triodana n. sp.
Resembles occidentalis (Baker), but lacks most of the black
markings; the last ventral segment of female is much broader, more
nearly truncate and with lateral margins sharply excavated; pygo-
fers broadly rounded and the styles slender and evenly tapered
from lateral projection instead of spatulate. Length: Male, 2.75
mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rather rounded.
Color from stramineous to cinereous, usually not much color ex-
cept usual spots on dorsum of abdomen. Some specimens have
frontal ares quite black, giving a darkened appearance to the whole
face.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female not quite twice as
long as wide, lateral margins narrowly and sharply excavated to a
very broad and long median projection, which is almost truncate.
Male pygofer slightly narrowed apically; valve obtusely angled;
plates as broad as valve at base, lateral margins sinuately rounded
to semisharp apices, mesal margin diverging on outer half; styles
on outer half long and slender, gradually tapering to sharp apices.
Holotype male, allotype female, 2 female and 20 male paratypes,
Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, July 19, 1932, R. H. Beamer; other
paratypes as follows: 10 pairs, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August
29, 1931, E> Ds Ball,
Holotype, allotype and paratypes in Snow Entomological Col-
lection. Paratypes in Ball coliection.
29. Athysanella (Amphipyga) nimbata n. sp.
Resembling texana, but much larger, face usually solid black
and without comb on pygofer. Length: Male, 3.25 mm.; female,
4 mm.
Vertex flat or excavated, margins sharp, style not visible ex-
ternally.
Color yellowish-green; vertex often with a fuscous dash at apex;
dorsum of abdomen with usual rows of fuscous spots; venter usually
black, especially the entire face.
Genitalia. Posterior margin last ventral segment of female al-
most truncate, slightly protruding at middle; male valve broadly
rounded; plates about as wide at base as valve, sinuately narrowed
on outer margin to rounded apices; aedeagus short, in dorsoventral
view very broad at base tapering to rather short apex. Pygofer
broadly rounded.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 31
Holotype male, allotype female, 7 long winged, 1 short winged,
female paratypes, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August 29, 1931, E.
D. Ball; other paratypes as follows: 4 pairs, Patagonia, Ariz., June
24, 1933, R. H. Beamer; 2 females and 10 males, Patagonia, Ariz.,
June 24, 1933, P. W. Oman; 4 pairs, Tucson, Ariz., September 1,
1929, E. D. Ball. Additional specimens are at hand from Chiricahua
Mts., Arizona, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, and Tombstone, Ariz.
Holotype and allotype in collection of E. D. Ball, paratypes in
Snow Entomological Collection and that of United States National
Museum.
30. Athysanella (Amphipyga) texana (Osb.)
Pectinapyga terana Osborn, H. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., P. 697, 1930.
Gladionura aridicola Osborn, H. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., P. 707, 1930.
About the size of occidentalis, but with vertex flat, margins flat
and lacking round, black spots. Length, 2-4 mm.
Vertex flat to excavated, margins sharp; style not usually visible
externally.
Color cinereous, varying from almost without dark marks to
quite heavily marked specimens.
Gemtalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to a triangular shape with
apex rounded, apex containing a small comblike plate; valve shorter
than preceding segment, angular; plates wider at base than valve,
strongly constricted on outer margin near middle, apices rounded;
style enlarged on outer half with a deep and sharp angular excava-
tion on outer margin, apex sharp. Last ventral segment of female
longer than preceding, posterior margin shallowly excavated either
side a broad, slightly protruding middle portion.
Types examined. Specimens at hand from Kansas, Oklahoma and
Texas. The Kansas specimens are quite consistently larger than
the Texas forms.
The presence of the comblike structure does not seem sufficient
for generic rank, especially when we find species like nimbata and
triodana which are so like texana, but do not have this structure.
The genus Pectinapyga is therefore placed in the subgenus Am-
phipyga.
The female Holotype of Gladionura aridicola Osb. was examined
and is unquestionably a specimen of texana, it therefore becomes a
synonym of this species. The male allotype of Gladionura aridi-
cola is a specimen of Athysanella yumana Osb.
32 THE UNIversity SciENCE BULLETIN
31. Athysanella (Amphipyga) anzana n. sp.
Resembling playana, but smaller, plates of male longer, finger of
style shorter, more slender, with a distinct excavation between it
and apex of shaft, and aedeagus much shorter with larger. serrated
apex. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rather acute, styles of male usually exposed.
Color cinereous, usually with dark marks; vertex with two small
black spots on margin either side of apex and two short diverging
dashes just back of apex; pronotum with a semblance of cross row
of spots; elytra and abdomen with usual longitudinal dark stripes.
Genitalia. Pygofers broadly rounded. Valve angular; plates
about as wide as valve at base, very short, scarcely reaching beyond
valve, slightly narrowed to truncate apices; styles with long finger-
like process on inner margin. Aedeagus short, broadening to rounded
tip, ventrally serrate on outer third. Last ventral segment of fe-
male with posterior margin slightly produced.
Holotype male, allotype female, 5 males and 1 female paratypes,
Anza, Cal., August 6, 1932, J. D. and*R. H. Beamer. Types in
Snow Entomological Collection.
32. Athysanella (Amphipyga) balli Osb.
Amphipyga balli Osborn, Herbert, Bull. 14, Ohio Biol. Survey, 1928, p. 289.
A beautiful species with its black spots on margin of vertex, its
dark oblique vittae of elytra, and characterized by the fingerlike
projection on inner margin of style and widely separated triangular
plates, with very short inner margins.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male almost rectangular; valve about as
long as preceding segment, angular; plates broader at base than
valve, short, about as long as valve with truncate apices; style en-
larged on outer half, angularly excavated on outer fourth leaving a
fingerlike projection. Last ventral segment of female about as long
as preceding, lateral margins rounded into short processes, posterior
margin slightly excavated to rounding, shghtly produced median
portion, sometimes a slight indication of notch either side middle.
Holotype female, Marietta, Ohio, September 13, 1905; allotype
male, Columbus, Ohio, July 22, so labeled in Osborn collection are
here designated.* Other specimens are at hand from Kansas and
lowa.
* Professor Osborn in his revision of this group of insects in the Annals, 1930, is often
indefinite and failed to follow a uniform practice in his designation of types. Designations
will be made and his intent followed wherever possible.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 33
33. Athysanella (Amphipyga) stylata Osb.
Amphipyga stylata Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. XXIII, p. 694, 1930.
Resembling reticulata Osb. very closely, but may be separated
from it by the more rounded apices of the male plates, by the longer
fingerlike process of the style, by the shorter aedeagus, with one
point at apex, and by the posterior margin of last ventral segment
of female being convex.
Vertex flat to convex, margins rather sharp; styles of males
usually exposed.
Color cinereous with darker markings; vertex with two or three
black spots on margin, usually a pair of dashes just back of apex
and often a pair of comma-shaped marks at base; veins of elytra
often light with dark longitudinal stripes more or less in evidence.
Gemtalia. Pygofer of male broadly rounded. Valve obtusely
rounded; plates about as broad as valve at base, very slightly nar-
rowed on outer margin, inner margin broadly separated, diverging
to rounded apices; styles with right-angled notch near outer third,
inner fingerlike process about one-third longer than width of shaft
at notch; aedeagus in lateral view widened and ventral margin
serrate on outer half with small tooth at apex. Last ventral seg-
ment of female with lateral margins slightly produced, posterior
margin evenly rounded from these small projections.
Holotype female, allotype male, Grand Junction, Colo., H. Osborn,
so labeled in Osborn collection are here designated. Numerous
specimens of both sexes are at hand from Palisades, Colo., August
16, 1936, R. H. Beamer.
34. Athysanella (Amphipyga) reticulata Osb.
Amphipyga reticulata Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. XXIII, p. 691, 1930.
Resembling balli Osb., but without heavy, dark markings; is
larger, aedeagus longer with larger ventral serrations, male plates
longer and sharper and posterior margin of last ventral segment of
female is excavated instead of produced. Length: Female, 4 mm.
Vertex hardly flat, margins rounded.
Color cinereous; vertex with two round, black spots; elytra with
veins lighter, with tendency to brown longitudinal stripes; abdomen
with usual spotting. ;
Genitalia. Male pygofer broadly rounded. Valve obtusely angled;
plates as broad as valve at base, mesal margins separated at base,
sharply diverging to sharp apices; styles with right-angled notch at
apex, fingerlike inner process about as long as width of shaft at
notch. Aedeagus in lateral view with sides almost parallel, ventral
3—2181
34. THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
margin roughly serrate, apex apparently with two teeth. Last ven-
tral segment of female with lateral margins produced, posterior
margin excavated with slightly produced median tooth.
Although the original description says “Described from two fe-
males from the collection of E. D. Ball, Elsinore, Utah, April 22,
1906,” there are three females in Doctor Ball’s collection from Elsi-
nore, Utah, 2 with paratype labels and one with the printed word
“Type.” This latter specimen is here designated holotype. The
male, Monroe, Utah, July 25, 1906, described above, does not have
black spots of vertex, so it is not here designated. Types in Ball
collection.
35. Athysanella (Amphipyga) aridella Osb.
Amphipyga aridella Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Dec., 1930, p. 693.
Amphipyga californica Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Dec., 1930, p. 696.
This species resembles occidentalis, but is usually more reddish
in color and characterized by a distinct tooth on the outer margin
of an otherwise rather blunt pygofer. Length, 1.75-2.25 mm.
Vertex not flat, margins rounded; style of male not exposed.
Color stramineous with a reddish tinge with two large, round,
black spots on margin of vertex, and sometimes a tiny apical spot.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to blunt apex with a sharp
tooth on ventral corner; valve about as long as preceding segment,
obtusely rounded; plates broader than valve at base, sides converg-
ing to rounded apices; style enlarged on outer half, clavate with
rounded apex; aedeagus in lateral view with sides almost parallel,
curved dorsally, ending in a light hook, in ventral view enlarged on
outer half, margin serrated, apex sharp. Last ventral segment of
female about as long as preceding, lateral margins rounded, poste-
rior margin slightly excavated from lateral lobes to a median lobe
of about same length.
Holotype female and lectoallotype male, Tucson, Ariz., Herbert
Osborn, are here designated.
Although no types were designated in the original description,
a female from Tucson bore a holotype label. Another female from
Mojave, Cal., bore the allotype label. Therefore, some error in
placing this last label was made. A paratype male from the Osborn
collection is therefore chosen for the lectoallotype.
36. Athysanella (Amphipyga) obesa n. sp.
Resembling aridella Osb., but much larger, male plates much
sharper, styles more slender, and last ventral segment of female
with lateral margins rounded to slightly excavated posterior mar-
gin. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 35
Vertex scarcely flat, margins rounded; styles not exposed.
Color cinereous; two black spots on margin of vertex; veins of
elytra lighter; usual spotting on dorsum of abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male large, narrowed to blunt apices with
large tooth on ventral corner; valve shorter than preceding segment,
roundingly obtuse; plates wider at base than valve, inner margins
touching at base, rounding to rather sharp apices with a fuscous
spot; style clavate on outer half with small protuberance on outside,
apex rounded; aedeagus in lateral view slightly wider near middle,
ending in sharp beaklike tip, in dorsoventral view flaring on outer
half, with serrate edges. Last ventral segment of female shghtly
shorter than preceding, lateral margins broadly rounded, shallowly
excavated posterior margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, and 2 male paratypes, Calhan,
Colo., August 19, 1986, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes, 1 male,
Mustang Mt., Arizona, June 12, 1933; 2 females and 1 male, Sander-
son, Tex., June 5, 1933, P. W. Oman; 1 female, Garden of the Gods,
Colorado, August 19, 1936; 1 male, Sturgis, S. Dak., July 22, 1935,
P. W. Oman; 3 males and 1 female, Mustang Mt., Arizona, June 12,
1933, P. W. Oman. Types in Snow Entomological Collection, para-
types in United States National Museum and collection of E. D.
Ball.
37. Athysanella (Amphipyga) minor n. sp.
Resembling in general appearance occidentalis, and in genitalia
aridella. It may be separated from the first by the large tooth on
the posteroventral corner of pygofer and from the latter by the
broad, angularly truncated plates with the protruding styles. Length:
Female, 3 mm.; male, 2.25 mm. :
Vertex obtusely angled, wider than pronotum, slightly wider than
median length.
Color. Generally dark. Vertex with apical spot and rectangular
one either side black; pair of small triangles back of apical spot
and a pair of median longitudinal, almost parallel, stripes reaching
base with short dash outside these and a longer one next eyes. Pro-
notum with an irregular row of black spots on anterior margin.
Elytra dark with veins lighter. Abdomen dark with lighter longi-
tudinal vitae and rows of spots.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female slightly narrower than
preceding; posterior margin very slightly trilobed. Male valve ob-
tusely rounded; plates about as wide at base as valve, shghtly nar-
rowed to truncated apices with outer margins longer; styles apically
36 THE UNIversity ScieENcE BULLETIN
enlarged, slightly protruding. Aedeagus slightly curved dorsally,
in dorsoventral view enlarged on outer third to form a diamond-
shaped tip. Pygofers more than twice as long as wide, posteroven-
tral corner with a large tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 20 female and 25 male paratypes,
Campo, Cal., August 10, 1985, R. H. Beamer.
37a. Athysanella (Amphipyga) minor var. major n. var.
Like minor Ball and Beamer, but much larger, with aedeagus en-
larged on outer half, sharper pointed, with tooth of pygofer more
pronounced and with apices of plates slightly excavated and outer
corner more pronounced. Length: Female, 3.75 mm.; male, 2.75
mm.
Holotype male, allotype female, 4 male and 8 female paratypes,
Newton, Cal., June 1, 1985, P. W. Oman.
38. Athysanella (Amphipyga) turgida n. sp.
Resembling playana, but vertex usually with black spots on mar-
gin; style curved dorsad at apex and aedeagus much enlarged at
apex. Length: Male, 2.75 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; styles exposed externally.
Color cinereous, usually with three black spots on margin of ver-
tex and disc more or less infuscated; pronotum and elytra with or
without dark markings; dorsum of abdomen with usual dark spots.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female more than twice as
wide as preceding, lateral margins definitely extended, posterior
margin roundingly excavated to form a convex mesal portion slightly
shorter than lateral corners. Male valve angular, plates very short,
not exceeding valve, about as broad at base as valve, rounded to
blunt apices, widely separated on mesal margin. Style long, swollen
on outer third, narrowed to slender curving tip. Aedeagus in lateral
view gradually broadened to truncate tip.
Holotype male, allotype female, 5 male and 6 female paratypes,
Boulder Dam, Ariz., September 16, 1934, E. D. Ball; other para-
types, 7 males, 10 females, Yuma, Ariz., March 30, 1932, E. D. Ball;
3 females, 12 males, San Jacinto Mts., California, east of Pinon
Flats, June 4, 1935, P. W. Oman; 2 females, Alamo, Ariz., August
14, 1935; 2 males and 3 females, Sentinel, Ariz., August 24, 1938,
R. H. Beamer. Types and paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball,
paratypes in United States National Museum and in Snow Entomo-
logical Collection.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 37
39. Athysanella (Amphipyga) hamata n. sp.
Resembling acuticauda, but male pygofers about half as wide,
plates sinuate on inner margin, styles with apical outward turning
hook and last ventral segment of female with lateral angles round-
ing to a broad curved median projection. Length: Male, 2.75 mm.;
female, 4mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; style not exposed.
Color cinereous to yellowish-green; usually with two large and
one small black spot on margin of vertex; elytra with veins usually
lighter, with or without dark markings; abdomen usually with cus-
tomary dark spotting.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed apically to about one-third median
width. Male valve obtusely angulate, plates as broad at base as
valve, concavely narrowed on both margins to rather sharp apices.
Styles long, swollen on outer third, sharply narrowed to outward
curving hook at apex. Aedeagus almost straight in lateral view,
much thicker at base than at apex, ventral serrations fine.
Holotype male, allotype female, 7 male and 11 female paratypes,
Santa Fe, N. Mex., July 20, 1936, R. H. Beamer; one paratype,
Antonio, Colo., August 5, 1900; 4 male and 7 female paratypes,
Laramie, Wyo., July 30, 1985, P. W. Oman. Types and paratypes
in Snow Entomological Collection. Paratypes in Agricultural Col-
lege Collection, Fort Collins, Colo., and United States National
Museum. A nice series of what is apparently this species are at
hand from Pecos, N. Mex., P. W. Oman. They lack the round,
black spots on the margin of the vertex and are therefore not in-
cluded in the paratype series.
40. Athysanella (Amphipyga) attenuata Baker
Athysanella attenuata Baker, C. F., Psyche, 1898, p. 188.
Amphypyga alta Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Dec., 1930, p. 693.
Athysanella extrusa Osborn, Herbert, Annals Ent. Soc. Am., Dec., 1930, p. 703.
This is one of the largest species in this genus. Described from
four males and numerous females from Colorado.
The species is easily characterized by the avicephaliform pygofer
and its large size. Length: Male, 4 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins angular; styles hidden.
Color cinereous marked with fuscous; vertex with or without two
or three black spots; veins of elytra usually lighter; sometimes with
brown longitudinal stripes; abdomen with usual spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to an avicephaliform apex
with beak on ventral margin; valve almost twice as long as preced-
3 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
D
ing segment, angular; plates wider at base than valve, inner margins
almost touching at base, rounded to outer margin to form sharp
apices, characteristic dark spot on inner margin one-third distance
from apex; style clavate, process distinct on outer margin just be-
fore club, apex rather slender; aedeagus in lateral view large, widest
at tip with a serrated flangelike projection on all four margins on
outer fourth. The last ventral segment of female considerably longer
than preceding, lateral margins excavate to rounded corners, poste-
rior margin very slightly produced throughout about two-thirds
middle portion.
Lectoholotype brachypterous female, Fort Collins, Colo., August
18, 1935, C. F. Baker (Colorado, 1600), bearing Baker’s red deter-
mination label. Lectoallotype, brachypterous male, Fort Collins,
Colo., August 6, 1895, C. F. Baker (Colorado, 1589), are here des-
ignated. Types in United States National Museum.
This is one of the commonest species throughout its range. Speci-
mens have been examined from Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico,
Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona, Utah, Montana, and Wyoming.
Types of the species placed in synonymy have been examined.
Those of alto Osb. are specimens of attenuata that lack the black
spots, a common occurrence. In extrusa the females are all attenu-
ata and the males another species. Since a female was designated
and labeled holotype, the name must fall. The original difficulty
‘ame about through the incorrect association of a male for attenu-
ata, thus dislocating several forms.
41. Athysanella (Amphipyga) wilburi n. sp.
Resembling in general size and coloring acuticauda Bk., from
which it may be separated by the long median projection on the
posterior margin of the last ventral segment of the female and by
the large serrated median hump on the ventral margin of the aedea-
gus. Length: Female, 3.75 mm.; male, 2.75 mm.
Vertex roundingly angled, lightly longer at middle than width
between eyes. Males without spines on hind tibiae.
Color. General color stramineous. Vertex with small apical spot
and larger rectangular one either side, black. Veins of elytra
lighter. Abdomen flecked with darker spots.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female with lateral angles
rounded to a very long quadrangular median process, about as long
as width of segment. Median portion of segment often darkened.
Male valve roundingly obtuse. Plates about as wide at base as valve,
sinuately narrowed to rounded apices, black spot apically outside
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA of
middle. Aedeagus in lateral view slightly curved dorsally with
large serrated median hump on ventral margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous male and femele
paratypes, Medora, Kan., June 25, 1936, R. H. Beamer and P. W.
Oman. Additional paratypes as follows: 1 female, McPherson
county, Kansas, June 28, 1923; 1 female, Dodge City, Kan., July
2, 1935; 10 pairs, Sandhills, Medora, Kan., D. A. Wilbur.
This species is named in honor of Prof. D. A. Wilbur, Manhattan,
Kan., who has collected a great many interesting Kansas Cicadellids.
42. Athysanella (Amphipyga) occidentalis Baker
Athysanella occidentalis Baker, C. F., Psyche, March, 1898, p. 186.
Athysanella minuta Baker, C. F., Psyche, March, 1898, p. 189.
Resembling acuticauda, but smaller, plates of male usually con-
tiguous at base, aedeagus serrated on dorsal margin and median lobe
of last ventral segment of female extending beyond laterals. Length:
Male, 2 mm.; female, 3 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounding, style hidden.
Color tawny gray; vertex with two large, black spots and usualiy
a smaller apical one; elytra with veins lighter; usual dark spots on
dorsum of abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to roundingly sharp valve
about one-third longer than preceding segment, obtusely rounded;
plates wider than valve at base, contiguous at base on inner margin,
outer margin strongly excavated on outer half, inner margin round-
ing to rather sharp point; style enlarged on outer half with earlke
projection on outer margin near middle, apex rounded; aedeagus in
lateral view widest near outer third, serrate on dorsal margin, ven-
tral margin rounding at tip to sharp apex. Last ventral segment of
female of about same length as preceding, lateral margins excavated
to rounded corners, posterior margin with middle portion roundingly
produced, always longer than lateral corners.
Lectoholotype brachypterous female, Fort Collins, Colo., June,
C. F. Baker (Colorado 1638), bearing Bakers’s red determination
label. Allotype, brachypterous male, Fort Collins, Colo., July 19,
1935, P. W. Oman. Types in United States National Museum.
Specimens have been examined from Colorado, South Dakota,
Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming, Washing-
ton, British Columbia, and Montana.
40 THe UNIversity ScrIENCE BULLETIN
43. Athysanella (Amphipyga) acuticauda Baker
Athysanella acuticauda Baker, C. F., Psyche, March 1898, p. 187.
Resembling occidentalis, but much larger, plates widely sepa-
rated at base; aedeagus serrated on ventral margin and last ventral
segment of female with posterior margin almost straight across.
Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded, plates open, styles more or less
visible.
Color dark yellowish-gray, heavily marked with fuscous. Vertex
with two large black spots on margin and smaller one at apex; disk
often embrowned; elytra dark with hght veins; dorsum of abdomen
with usual dark marks.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed on ventral margin to blunt
corner on inner margin (view under a slip); valve longer than pre-
ceding segment, obtusely rounded; plates broader at base than valve,
separated by about half their width at tip of valve, inner margin
angled to sharp apices, outer margin slightly excavated on outer
third; style enlarged on outer half, clavate, apex oval; aedeagus
in lateral view curved dorsally, widest at base with a few large
serrations on ventral margin. Last ventral segment of female con-
siderably longer than preceding, lateral margins slightly excavated
to fairly angular corners, posterior margin slightly excavated to
almost flat middle portion.
Lectoholotype female, brachypterous, Campton’s, Colorado, alti-
tude, 7,000 ft., July 21, 1895, C. F. Baker (Colorado, 1580), bearing
Baker’s red determination label. Lectoallotype, brachypterous male,
Algonquin, Ill., August 1, 1895. In United States National Museum.
Specimens have been examined from Maine, New Hampshire, Michi-
gan, Wisconsin, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, South Dakota, North
Dakota, Minnesota, and Wyoming.
44. Athysanella (Amphipyga) modesta n. sp.
Resembling occidentalis Baker, but with lateral margins of last
ventral segment of female sharply emarginate, leaving a very broad
and long median projection which is slightly excavated mesally,
male plates much shorter with broad apices and pygofer of male
longer and more slender. Length: Male, 2.75mm.; female, 3 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounded; style usually hidden.
Color cinereous, heavily embrowned; vertex with two large black
spots on margin, smaller one at apex, disc more or less embrowned;
anterior half of pronotum heavily spotted, remainder embrowned;
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 41
elytra brown with veins lighter; abdomen with usual brown spots
and stripes.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female about a third longer
than wide, lateral margins sharply emarginate to a very long and
broad median projection shallowly excavated mesally on posterior
margin. Male valve broadly rounded, almost as long as wide; plates
quite short, about as wide at base as valve, slightly narrowed to
broad, almost truncate tips. Pygofer of male long and narrow, apices
about one-fourth basal width.
Holotype male, allotype female, and 14 pairs of paratypes, Lock-
wood, Cal., July 24, 1935, R. H. Beamer. Types in Snow Ento-
mological Collection.
45. Athysanella (Amphipyga) kansana n. sp.
Resembling acuticauda, but plates of male more rounded at apex
with a slight excavation on inner margin, separated about half as
far as in acuticauda, apical half of style not enlarged into clubs
and last ventral segment of female with median lobe distinctly
longer than laterals. Length: Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rounding, styles usually hidden.
Color cinereous, heavily embrowned; vertex with two black spots
on margin and a smaller one on apex, dise with embrowned area
near base and pair of angled dashes at each side; elytra dark with
veins lighter; abdomen with usual dark areas.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to rounded apex; valve
about as long as preceding segment, angular; plates wider at base
than valve, separated by a distance about equal to width of dark
area of tips, rapidly narrowed to narrow apices, inner margin slightly
excavated; aedeagus in lateral view tapering from base to apex,
shghtly curved dorsally with rather fine serrations on ventral mar-
gin; style in lateral view with long tooth on outer margin near
middle, tapered from there to rather blunt apex. Last ventral seg-
ment of female longer than preceding, lateral margins excavated for
about half their length to rounded lateral corners, posterior margin
slightly excavated from lateral lobes to a distinct, broader median
lobe.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Nicker-
son, Kan., June 26, 1936, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes as follows:
10 males, 5 females, Sterling, Kan., June 26, 1936, P. W. Oman.
Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes
in United States National Museum and collection of E. D. Ball.
42
a spur at apex.
(Uhl.).
nD
10.
Ut.
13.
14.
THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Subgenus GuiapionuRA Osborn
Athysanella-like leaf hoppers with male pygofer narrowed to
black hook or process on outer ventral portion and hind tibia with
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF GLADIONURA
With a round, black spot on margin of vertex midway between eye and apex.... 2
Without: such’4.round, iblack<epoth se ais crchetahesoratoters sores musts Spine eke ale ieteeetersitas fobs ferale 7
(1) Outer half of style having form of bent knee with foot attached; posterior
margin of last ventral segment of female deeply excavated with long, slender
laterals prOCESSES Ss siare cetera lore fone rene coe) eareunsateto cckel oberstousts seus ere iare curtipennis, p.
Outer half of style without such form; Q segment not deeply excavated... 3
(2) Apex of style distinctly bifid, not projecting beyond plates......... dubia, p.
Apex of stlye not bifid, projecting beyond plates.....................05- 4
(3) Outer third of style roughly sagittate, ventral margin with a hump near end
OF . Date: SOE ct tore aoa wavaratsteyaseter ck kaieta rst ouch enaxti tenetarn ciated eter eiace cheyt ore keroine 5
Outer third of style not sagittate, ventral margin almost straight.......... 6
(4) Styles very long, projecting one-third their length beyond plates; plates truncate
at ‘apex, considerably, (broader than) Ome ye oye cere susitl « cimicudeesh truncata, p.
Styles with outer point only projecting beyond plates; plates about as long as
Wide; |apex Morey FOUNGEM!.,.ierscarcls: suetats okt cnc s Whsgeus aeeveoehavesaieMelecs aronaes blanda, p.
(4) 'Stylet widest’. on fouter enird cradle ain Gievets vee Soniere cholehere eel eae akon tlanda, p.
Style widest. before vouter third) cas acts cing vite ts ha dees ober callida, p.
(1) Outer portion of style in lateral view resembling a human foot or boot...... 8
Outer portion of style not resembling a foot or boot.............eeeeeees 10
(7) Outer third of pygofer narrowed into a very long slender spine, longer than foot
OE. Stylin dw airs oe aie pe orate inca ter sehen rsuntakere cake Tortie hate eet enarete uncinata, p.
Outer third of pygofer narrowed into a hook hardly half as long as foot of
OL SOVIETS is c/o u coateveks dio er eMassna vere siakeva leo otuie' al cuobelseanenseehatar mens tare ereloreran saa 9
(8) Style in lateral view much broader through heel of foot than near middle of
Style Wa tirk:, aye oko opebere Tandon easels Srencus) eli evetenc este Gaerne eh aroih senate #ibs casa, p.
Style in lateral view about same width through heel of foot as at middle of
style; toe of foot extended sharply caudad....................-- alsa, p.
(7)) Apex ‘of*style in! lateral view Dui? cyt. aa aeneeyaie eee Becket ke eal ots Sete ea ial
Apex ‘of ‘style*im lateral view not Dif ices dacs lee rcpsleeelele ete ealereiaie nee 16
(10) Plates with truncate apices, outer dorsal corner embrowned..... emarginata, p.
Plates usually rounded, dorsal margin much longer and not embrowned.... 12
(11) Arms of apex of style in lateral view more or less equal in length
and ‘predath’ wescioty sates co aun wiles tele tain aah Ok cen a ait sunierentl furculata, p.
Dorsal arm of apex of style very small, not over half as wide at base as ventral
GLO Mis Fic ete sig m cvecetevale tel das verare cum ole caedoheyodetametete elakerateiete febeeet aii Rete ence ae 13
(12) Dorsal arm of style sharply angular; excavation between arms very shallow
BNA Oven NCUTV ECL: Nore. svo.s cere) Ohnl Sictteh ercuatic Colma tone fee renaes Baleares rapt te vata, p.
Dorsal arm of style evenly rounded; excavation deep, more or less angular.. 14
(13) Spine on hind tibia of male about as long as first tarsal segment.... libera, p.
Spine on hind tibia of male only about half as long as first tarsal segment.. 15
(14) Dorsal point of style quite evenly rounded at base, about three times as wide
AS) ventral poms 2% cis. a She tle caye weiallol wb plolete tel acters Tote es tole etale ean virid‘a, p.
Dorsal point of style narrower and more angular, about twice as wide as ventral
point at base; adult insect about ¥% smaller.................. molesta, p.
(10) Apex of style in lateral view avicephaliform.............+.0+e08: adunca, p.
Apex. of, stylé) not ‘aviceplaliformy ics oc, ors ha cavers 0) wi stateetal as eater thereveraneterierers 17
(16) Apex of pygofer hook avicephaliform in !ateral view on slide.............. 18
Apex of pygofer hook’ not avicephaliform’. «iy... sree siaiesets eae eels aieivieleye atare 21
(17) Posterior margin of last ventral segment of Q with barely a semblance of
lobes; style evenly tapered on outer third to tip or excavated only on
ventral margin. \5 5 ois <2 tix aerate wie sats. ettee « Pisve hist tee TERE tee eke cee aE 19
Posterior margin of last ventral segment of Q definitely lobed; style on outer
third: excavated )/on) both, margins) core le acini eten ition ere 20
Genotype—Athysanella (Gladionura) argenteola
44
47
48
48
49
50
50
51
o
wo
52
43
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 43
19. (18) Style with both margins evenly curved in on outer third........... sinuata, p. 53
Style on outer third excavated on ventral margin...... sinuata var. lobata, p. 54
20. (18) Last ventral segment of 9 with all lobes of about equal length; apex of style
MIDTOWN CIEE Ces CLOLSALL Vee aiersichetsve relia aisPal aie clan lowe nie’ s cioyerste elelee ee lunata, p. 55
Last ventral segment of 9 with middle lobe longest; apex of style truncate,
APOMU MALAI Le mats Cree ten atepetaticre ror lara ielelatt mhsieye ite Clee, ss0'e sce ‘etele se 6 concava, p. 55
Danae Mi Mele tesmyrthh mtruricate we wlCeain ualcriate atercisie aielctersicie) cts cisvieie «ms.« s/c, ca <elsvnre «ole 22
IPIstes eine TOMNG eds OF RS DAN TD LICES s\ a<\clcpeheie oleta eieisvensislciiele ove o2ien\ + slaisiele sid 27
22. (21) Style in lateral view constricted on each margin before tip; apex rounded
nacazarana, p. 56
Style not constricted on each margin just before tip..................... 23
Povey eADEX RO Le SUVA SULUTICALC Ui het tals aiclausi stele sejeilel dole loxebeliessesslelcena eG elere iiss) spare, silo \a/s 24
A DexHOLa Shy OsIMORes Ors LESS sPOUNGEC mtleeln scle‘acclere oidereusiete lefeiets) stele) «ie «ees ows. 420
24. (23) Style clavate on outer third with lobe on dorsal margin before tip.. clavata, p. /i7
Style not clavate. Ventral margin deeply excavated on outer third, directa, p. 47
25. (23) Venter usually black; ventral margin of style straight at apex sharply rounded
TOMAOVSAL TRACING hy cisnetoen Sronepe eo ria) «: sNevawd oe aeelate ven ce mus ales Yo uo nigriventralis, p. 58
Venter not usually black; ventral margin of style undulating.............. 26
26. (25) Plates as broad at apex as base, margins parallel; style with large lobe on
dorsal margin just before apex; Q segment very slightly 3 lobed, dentata, p. 59
Plates narrower at apex than base, margins converging; both margins of style
undulating; © segment deeply excavated..................-. excavata, p. 59
27. (21) Dorsal margin of plates produced into long sharp points.................. 28
Dorsal margin not produced into long sharp points...............--00e00: 30
28. (27) Style curved ventrally in lateral view......... PS domidiaic Sete oe curvata, p. 60
Sivleecuinved a @Ocssll ya mesperelare -poreseieyelsin piers ctaieis iacsuetsyalaverTalstaieintsterstceevarelsvotats 29
29 ee C28) SADeEX: COLES Lyle a UCIT CALC s/o roisctlenover sus is (ove ie) pistes: naelsy exe) violets wuebeteerocieiene contracta, p. 61
ADExaOk Style COMMA westisterslatel etal etesisjave cl sveiaterive ate evs; Sesieainve te seals aires sagittata, p. 62
S0n (CC MeApexeotestyle reaching tip \Ole DIATES erat. ¥ais ta cralens vase <)s) vie eoareteioue eae chein tees slots. diets 31
Apex of style exceeding plate by its own width, bent ventrally.... arcana, p. 62
31. (30) Style spatulate; last ventral segment of Q with definite, rather slender lateral
NODES Seece he stenetsts weirs ebayer oheralndaderatea see. ss eravebet ies) eames) sutaeie sues’ are argentola, p. 63
Style with apex narrowed; excavated on ventral margin; last ventral segment
Oi @) Kahres JEwae ele Sou aneamobovasuecH oUoBUHE uO So0C diversa, p. 64
46. Athysanella (Gladionura) curtipennis Gill. & Bk.
Athysanus curtipennis Gillette and Baker, Hemip., p. 92, 1898.
Gladionura extensa Osborn, H. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., p. 711, 1930.
This species is easily recognized by the large, black, footlike
styles that are nearly always visible in caudal view, and the very
long, slender, lateral lobes on the last ventral segment of the female.
Crown slightly flattened with quite rounded margins; distance
between eyes much greater than length of crown at middle. Spur
on hind tibia of male usually less than half as long as first tarsal
segment.
General color cinereous, with many dark markings, most striking
of which are three black spots on margin of crown, a small central
and two large laterals; base of crown with two angular dashes and
a large spot; pronotum flecked with brown; elytra and abdomen
tending to have longitudinal brown lines.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male with attenuated portion almost as
long as basal portion, apex with rounded hook; valve slightly longer
than preceding segment, rounded; plates wider at base than valve,
44 THE UnIversity ScrieENCE BULLETIN
rather short, sides almost parallel, apex truncate; styles sinuate,
apex in form of a foot with toe in heel out, quite easily visible from
exterior and will separate this species from all others; aedeagus in
lateral view about as long as styles, almost parallel-sided, slightly
curving dorsally, dorsal margin cut away at apex to sharp tip. Last
ventral segment of female slightly longer than preceding, lateral
margins excavated from base to very long lateral projections, pos-
terior margin broadly and deeply excavated (almost to base) to very
shght median prominence.
Holotype female, Colorado Springs, Colo., August 3 (Gill.) allo-
type male, Colorado, May 18, 1898. In collection Colorado State
College, Fort Collins, Colo. Specimens are at hand from Colorado,
Arizona, Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico. This is one of
the commonest, widespread species in the genus. The type of
extensa was studied and proved to be a male of curtipennis.
47. Athysanella (Gladionura) dubia n. sp.
Related to libera in genitalia, but much larger, crown more
rounded, with round, black dots on margin, styles of male of same
type, but hardly half as large, and inner fork about same length as
outer. Length: Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Crown almost excavated, margins broadly rounded; spur on hind
tibia of male about as long as first tarsal segment.
General color cinereous with many brown markings. Crown with
two black spots on margin, two diverging dashes at apex, and mark
on each half of disc, with a comma mark at base; pronotum with
eight small, black spots; scutellum usually with two; elytra with
brown longitudinal lines; abdomen with longitudinal rows of brown
spots; venter more or less darkened.
Genitalia. Pygofer with apices narrowed into long, black, slightly
curved points; valve about as long as preceding segment, obtusely
angulate; plates wider than valve at base, long, inner margin rounded
to outer, not so nearly truncate as in libera; styles enlarged on
outer half, bifid, prongs of about same length, outer hardly half as
wide as inner, the whole scarcely half as large as in libera; aedeagus
of medium length, in lateral view slightly curved dorsally, sides
almost parallel, apex excavated from dorsal margin. Last ventral
segment of female about as long as preceding, posterior margin
almost straight with a semblance of notches either side a median
tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 3 male and 1 female paratypes,
Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August 29, 1931, E. D. Ball; other para-
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 45
types as follows: 2 males, Nogales, Ariz., September 19, 1931, E. D.
Ball; 1 pair, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August 19, 1932, R. H.
Beamer.
Types and paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball, paratypes in
Snow Entomological Collection.
48. Athysanella (Gladionura) truncata n. sp.
Size and form of curtipennis, but usually very light colored except
black spots of margin of vertex; styles not boot-shaped, but saggit-
tal, extending beyond plates and female last ventral segment with-
out long lateral lobes. Length: Male, 3.25 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex slightly convex, margins rounded; spur of hind tibia of
male scarcely half, as long as first tarsal segment.
‘General color stramineous, marked with three brown spots on
margin of vertex, sometimes with darker markings.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to long, black, slightly
bent apex; valve longer than preceding segment, obtusely angular;
plates broader at base than valve, short, sides almost parallel, apices
truncate, sometimes slightly excavated; style, projecting almost
one-third its length, enlarged on outer third, both margins converg-
ing rapidly to sharp apex; aedeagus of usual form. Last ventral
segment of female usually almost hidden beneath preceding seg-
ment, posterior margin sinuately rounded, middle portion protruding
slightly.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Ros-
well, N. Mex., July 16, 19386, R. H. Beamer and D. R. Lindsay;
other paratypes as follows: numerous specimens, Malaga, N. Mex.,
July 11, 1936, R. H. Beamer. Types in Snow Entomological Col-
lection and paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball.
49. Athysanella (Gladionura) blanda n. sp.
Resembling truncata, but male plates longer with rounding mar-
gins, style but slightly projecting, and not nearly so enlarged.
Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.25 mm.
Vertex flat, with margins rounded; spur on hind tibia short, about
one-third as long as first tarsal segment.
General ground color stramineous, with darker markings. Vertex
with three black spots on margin; elytra with several light brown
longitudinal vittae; dorsum of abdomen with brown os in longi-
tudinal lines.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed into very long, black, slightly
curved apex; valve about as long as preceding segment, angular;
46 Tue UNIversity Science BULLETIN
plates broader at base than valve, about as long as valve, inner mar-
gin curving to blunt apices; style enlarged on outer two-thirds, sud-
den swelling on both margins one-third distance to sharp tip; aedea-
gus typical of the group. Last ventral segment of female almost
entirely hidden beneath preceding, showing at middle as an angular
process.
Holotype male, allotype female, and. numerous paratypes, Belen,
N. Mex., July 20, 1936, R. H. Beamer and D. R. Lindsay; other
paratypes as follows: numerous specimens, Cochise, Ariz., August
24, 1935, R. H. Beamer; numerous specimens, Wilcox, Ariz., 1934
and 1936, E. D. Ball; 3 pairs, White Sands, N. Mex., July 7, 1933,
P. W. Oman.
Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes
in U.S. N. M. and collection of E. D. Ball.
Gladionura blanda var. vana n. var.
Resembling blanda, but pygofer of male short and inner margin
of style with almost no hump.
Holotype male, allotype female, Bisbee, Ariz., July 16, 1934, E. D.
Ball; other paratypes as follows: numerous specimens, Cochise,
Ariz., August 24, 1935, R. H. Beamer; 3 males, White Sands, N.
Mex., June 7, 1933, P. W. Oman; 2 males and 4 females, Wilcox,
Ariz., 1936, E. D. Ball.
Wherever we collected blanda specimens with short or cut off
pygofers were taken. Coupled with the cut off pygofer was the style
with the almost smooth inner side. This is surely just a variation
of blanda.
50. Athysanella (Gladionura) callida n. sp.
tesembling truncata, but male plates long, sides converging and
style without the great enlargement on outer third.
Vertex slightly convex, margins rounded; spur on hind tibia
scarcely more than one-third as long as first tarsal segment.
Color stramineous; vertex with three black spots on margin,
laterals much the largest; elytra with faint longitudinal brown
lines; dorsum of abdomen with indication of rows of brown spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to black, almost straight
apex; valve longer than preceding segment, obtusely angular, plates
wider at base than valve, as long as valve, sides converging to flat
apices; style somewhat enlarged on outer half, sides converging on
outer third to rather pointed apex; aedeagus of typical form; last
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 47
ventral segment of female almost hidden beneath preceding, pos-
terior margin barely showing, very slightly longer at middle.
Holotype male, allotype female, 9 male and 5 female paratypes,
Malaga, N. Mex., July 11, 1936, R. H. Beamer; 10 male and 8 fe-
male paratypes, Roswell, N. Mex., July 16, 1936, R. H. Beamer and
D. R. Lindsay. Types in Snow Entomological Collection, para-
types in collection of E. D. Ball.
51. Athysanella (Gladionura) wncinata n. sp.
Resembling casa, but outer third of pygofer narrowed into a
spine longer than foot of style, and last ventral segment of female
with very long median lobe, with practically no laterals. Length:
Male,.3 mm.; female, 5.25 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rather sharp; spur short, about one-third
length of first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, sometimes with more or less spotting on
vertex and dorsum of abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to very long, black, slender
apex, turned at right angles; valve about as long as preceding seg-
ment, angular; plates wider at base than valve, very long, inner
margin curving out to sharp apices; style in lateral view with long
projection on outer side near middle, remainder looking much like
a decrepit human lmb from knee to toe, heel on inner margin in
apical view apex with right angled bend toward plate; aedeagus of
usual type. Last ventral segment of female about one-third longer
than preceding, lateral margins very short, slightly lobed, posterior
margin slightly excavated from small lateral lobes to a very large
almost quadrate median lobe.
Holotype male, allotype female, 4 female and 6 male paratypes,
Bisbee, Ariz., 1934-36, E. D. Ball; other paratypes as follows:
numerous specimens, Mustang Mt., Arizona, August 22, 1935, R. H.
Beamer; Pearce, Ariz., August 23, 1935, Oxona, Tex., July 9, 19386,
Fort Stockton, Tex., July 11, 1936, Lake Kemp, Tex., June 29,
1936, R. H. Beamer; 3 pairs, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, 1930, E. D.
Ball; 4 females, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, 1931, 1 male, 2 females,
same place, 1935, E. D. Ball; 1 male, Mustang Mt., Arizona, June
26, 1933, P. W. Oman; other specimens at hand from the following
places: Leverton, Tex., Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, Benson, Ariz.,
Apache, Ariz., Douglas, Ariz., Santa Catalina Mts., Arizona, Tomb-
stone, Ariz., White’s City, N. Mex.
Types and paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball, paratypes in
U.S. N. M. and Snow Entomological Collection.
THE UNIvERsITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
ye
io 6)
52. Athysanella (Gladionura) casa n. sp.
Resembling alsa, but with foot of style much broader than at its
middle; pygofer with larger hook at apex; plates with sharper apices.
Crown but slightly flattened, margins more rounded; spur on hind
tibiae of male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal joint.
General ground color yellowish-green, crown and abdomen often
marked with darker areas, venter more or less darkened.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed to large, black, radically curved
apex; valve slightly shorter than preceding segment, angular; plates
wider at base than valve, long, inner margin straight, abruptly
converging to long, sharp tips; style enlarged on outer two-thirds,
an abrupt tooth near middle on outer margin, enlarged to footlike
apex, blunt heel on inner margin, toe on outer; aedeagus slender,
in lateral view sides almost parallel, slightly bent dorsally apex
excavated from dorsal to ventral margin. Last ventral segment of
female about as long as preceding, lateral margin rounded to medium
process, posterior margin excavated to a much larger and longer
median tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 7 pairs paratypes, Flagstaff,
Ariz., August 6, 1929, E. D. Ball; other paratypes as follows: 2
males, 3 females, Grand Canyon, Ariz., August, 1930, E. D. Ball;
4 pairs, Lake Mary, Ariz., August 6, 1929, E. D. Ball; numerous
specimens, Grand Canyon, Ariz., August 11, 1927, R. H. Beamer;
numerous specimens, Flagstaff, Ariz., 1927, R. H. Beamer; numerous
specimens, Flagstaff, Ariz., 1936, R. H. Beamer and D. R. Lindsay;
other specimens at hand from the following places: Springerville,
Ariz., Granite Dell, Ariz., Orton, Utah, Silver City, N. Mex., Grand
Junction, Colo., Red Lake, Ariz., Las Vegas, N. Mex., Williams,
Ariz., Ash Fork, Ariz., St. Johns, Ariz.
53. Athysanella (Gladionura) alsa n. sp.
Resembling casa, but style in lateral view about one-third nar-
rower, outer point longer and more slender, and last ventral seg-
ment of female with almost no lateral processes. Length: Male,
3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Crown flat, margins rather sharp; spine on posterior tibia of male
large, about as long as first tarsal segment.
General ground color yellowish-green, dorsum usually without
much darker marking, except for light spotting of abdomen, venter
often quite dark.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male as mounted on slide narrowed into
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 49
avicephaliform apex; valve shorter than preceding segment, angular;
plates broader at base than valve, long, outer margin sinuate, inner
margin short, rounding to outer in long, slender tip; style enlarged
on outer two-thirds, small rounded hump near middle of outer mar-
gin, aside from this outer and inner margin almost parallel, with
heel and toe apex; aedeagus in lateral view with sides almost paral-
lel, slightly curved dorsally, apex angular from dorsal to ventral
margin. Last ventral segment of female about as long as preceding
lateral margin rounded, no processes, posterior margin excavated
to large, sharp, median point.
Holotype male, allotype female, 4 male and 5 female paratypes,
Colfax county, New Mexico, August 21, 1927, R. H. Beamer; types
in Snow Entomological Collection.
54. Athysanella (Gladionura) emarginata Osb.
Gladionura emarginata Osborn, H. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., p. 708, 1930.
Resembling argenteola, but male plate truncate at apex and style
with bifid tip. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins rather sharp; spur on hind tibia large, almost
as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, vertex sometimes with darker markings;
elytra subhyaline, abdomen with semblance of dark longitudinal
rows of spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male rapidly narrowed to short, black,
slightly hooked apex; valve about as long as preceding segment,
angular; plates broader at base than valve, slightly longer than wide,
sides almost parallel, apex truncate with outer corner longest, covered
with black spot; styles enlarged on outer half, varying from almost
straight across apex to a bifid tip; aedeagus rather short, in lateral
view, with sides almost parallel, slightly curved dorsally, apex
sharp, cutaway from dorsal to ventral margin. Last ventral seg-
ment of female usually shorter than preceding segment, lateral mar-
gins excavated for half their length, posterior margin with tooth at
each corner with outer side sloping, inner straight or cut out, middle
shghtly produced, not usually more than one-third as long as laterals.
Holotype female, Corpus Christi, Tex., H. Osborn. Lectoallotype
male, same data, in Osborn Collection.
Specimens are at hand from Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado,
New Mexico. Some variation has been noted in the depth of ex-
cavation in tip of styles.
4—2181
50 THE UNIVERSITY ScreENCE BULLETIN
D9. Athysanella (Gladionura) furculata n. sp.
Resembling emarginata, but plates rounded, apices not em-
browned; apex of styles more evenly and deeply excavated and
median lobe on last ventral segment of female much longer than
lateral. Length: Male, 3.75 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins more or less rounded; spur on hind tibia of
male large and strongly curved, about as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous marked with brown; vertex with two diverging
dashes at apex, a comma-shaped spot inside each ocellus, typical,
indefinite boxlike marks on disc, with short dash near base; pro-
notum with usual transverse row of small spots; elytra with about
six light-brown longitudinal stripes, abdomen with brown spots,
more or less in longitudinal rows.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed into long, black, slightly curved
apices; valve about two-thirds as long as preceding segment, obtusely
angulate; plates wider at base than valve, very long inner margin
curving to long apices; styles large on outer half, bifurcate, in
ventral view outer finger more slender and longer than inner; aedea-
gus rather short, in lateral view sides almost parallel, apex exca-
vated from ventral to dorsal margin, sharp. Last ventral segment
of female slightly longer than preceding, lateral margin rounded,
posterior margin slightly excavated to strongly produced middle
vhird, which in turn is often excavated into three distinct teeth or
broken off so as to appear not produced. After oviposition the
middle portion of this segment may be radically changed.
Holotype male, allotype female, 3 female and 4 male paratypes,
Granite Dell, Ariz., July 30, 1933, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes
as follows: 3 males and 10 females, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona,
August 18, 1935, R. H. Beamer; 1 male, 3 females, Atascosa Mt.,
Arizona, August 15, 1935, E. D. Ball; 1 male and 5 females, Santa
Rita Mts., Arizona, August 8, 1935, E. D. Ball. Types and para-
types in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collection of
E. D. Ball.
56. Athysanella (Gladionura) rata n. sp.
Resembling emarginata, but smaller, female last ventral segment
with lateral projections much longer, with outer margins almost
straight, plates of males without dark spot on outer corner and
style with inner margin straight and a sharp projection on outer
corner. Length: Male, 2.75 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins about medium sharp; spur on hind tibia of
male long, slightly longer than first tarsal segment.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 51
Color yellowish-green, usually unmarked except for light-brown
spots on abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to fairly long, black shaft
bent in even curve at apex; valve about as long as preceding seg-
ment, angular; plates wider than valve at base, long, sides almost
parallel, apex truncate, outer corner the longest, without black spot;
styles enlarged on outer half, inner margin straight, apex arcuate,
outer corner narrowed into a handlelike process; aedeagus small,
in lateral view with sides almost parallel, curving slightly dorsally,
apex sharp, hollowed out from dorsal to ventral margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, Faraway Ranch, Arizona, Au-
gust 24, 1935, Jean Russell; paratypes as follows: 2 males, n. Colo-
rado, April 22, 1898; 15 pairs, same data as types; numerous speci-
mens, Silver City, N. Mex., 1936, R. H. Beamer and D. R. Lindsay;
1 male, St. Johns, Ariz., August 27, 1934, E. D. Ball. Types in
Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball.
57. Athysanella (Gladionura) libera n. sp.
Resembling viridia Osb., but much smaller, not green but with
dark flecks, lateral margins of last ventral segment of female with-
out lateral projections and male style with inner fingerlike process
angular instead of rounded. Length: Male, 2.75 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex almost flat, margins more or less rounded; spur on hind
tibia of male almost as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous with a tinge of green; vertex with more or less
darker spots; elytra semihyaline, veins lighter; dorsum of abdomen
with usual spots in rows.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed into very long slender apices, as
in argenteola, but slightly curved; valve scarcely as long as pre-
ceding segment, obtusely rounded; plates wider at base than valve,
long apices almost truncate, outer corner the longest; styles large,
bifid, outer branch slender, about two-thirds as long as inner, inner
branch about three times as wide as outer, apex angular; aedeagus
short, in lateral view converging to sharp apex, ventral margin
rounded. Last ventral segment of female about as long as preceding,
posterior margin slightly excavate to sharp notch either side a
definite median tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 10 male and 7 female paratypes,
Las Vegas, N. Mex., July 18, 1936, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes
as follows: 6 pairs, Silver City, N. Mex., July 22, 1936, D. R. Lind-
say; 10 males and 5 females, Silver City, N. Mex., July 22, 1936,
R. H. Beamer; 2 pairs, Springerville, Ariz., August 15, 1927, R. H.
52 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Beamer; 1 male, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, July 4, 1930, E. D. Ball;
2 males, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, August 29, 1931, E. D. Ball;
4 males and 1 female, Tucson, Ariz., 1936, E. D. Ball. Types and
paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collection
of E. D. Ball.
58. Athysanella (Gladionura) viridia Osb.
Gladionura viridia Osborn, H., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., p. 710, 1930.
Resembling argenteola, but larger, style of male bifid at apex
and pygofer hooks not so long. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female,
4. mm.
Vertex flat, margins sharp; spur on hind tibia of male short, not
much more than one-third as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, with abdomen more or less flecked with
small spots.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed into long, slender black,
shghtly curved apices; valve slightly shorter than preceding seg-
ment, angular; plates broader at base than valve, long, inner mar-
gins curving to long outer; styles enlarged on outer half, bifid, inner
finger much the largest, evenly rounded, outer very short, narrow,
rounded; aedeagus short, in lateral view sides almost parallel, dor-
sal margin cut away to ventral for sharp apex. Last ventral seg-
ment of female about as long as preceding, lateral margins exca-
vated to rounded lobes, posterior margin excavated half-way or more
to base with a more or less well-defined tooth at middle.
Holotype female and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collec-
tion, allotype in Osborn Collection, paratype in U.S. N. M.
59. Athysanella (Gladionura) molesta n. sp.
Resembling viridia Osb., but much smaller, vertex more sharply
angled, apices of plates of males blunter, outer fingerlike process
of style longer, inner one excavated on inside margin and, therefore,
much narrower and not rounded as in viridia. Length: Male, 2.5
mm.; female, 3.75 mm.
Vertex almost concave, margins very sharp; spur on hind tibia of
male almost half as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green with sometimes some darker markings on
vertex and dorsum of abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to long, black apices with
curved tip; valve slightly more than half as long as preceding, angu-
lar; plates broader at base than valve, long, inner margin broadly
rounded at apices to rather blunt tips; styles enlarged on outer half,
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 53
bifid, outer process narrower and shorter than inner, inner process
excavated on inner margin, longer than wide; aedeagus in lateral
view of medium length, almost parallel-sided, very slightly curved
dorsally, apex excavated from dorsal to ventral margin. Last ven-
tral segment of female shorter than preceding, lateral margins
rounded into short processes, posterior margin excavated half its
depth, with a semblance of a notch either side of a median tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 1 female and 6 male paratypes,
George West, Tex., July 4, 1986, R. H. Beamer; 3 males, Texas, 1,
C. V. Riley, 2, R. R. Uhler. Types in Snow Entomological Col-
lection.
60. Athysanella (Gladionura) adunca n. sp.
Resembling sinwata Osb., but male style with beaklike apex and
last ventral segment of female with very long lateral lobes. Length:
Male, 3.25 mm.; female, 4.5 mm.
Crown flat, margin rather sharp. Spine on hind tibia of male
almost as long as first tarsal segment.
General ground color yellowish-green, usually without much color
except a few dark flecks on the abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to black curved tip which
under slide resembles outline of an eagle; valve slightly shorter
than preceding segment, angular; plates wider at base than valve,
short, especially inner margin, apices truncate, outer corner very
sharp; styles enlarged on outer half, outer margin deeply excavated
just before tip, outline of apex avicephaliform; aedeagus of typical
form. Last ventral segment of female slightly longer than preceding,
lateral margins rounded into very long processes, posterior margin
excavated to base.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Babo-
quivari Mts., Arizona, September 8, 1935, E. D. Ball; numerous
paratypes, both sexes, same place, July 19, 1932, R. H. Beamer;
2 pairs, Sabino Canyon, Arizona, June 22, 1933, R. H. Beamer;
1 male paratype, Ajo Mts., Arizona, June 27, 1935, E. D.. Ball.
Types and paratypes in collection E. D. Ball, paratypes in Snow
Entomological Collection.
61. Athysanella (Gladionura) sinuata Osb.
Gladionura sinuata Osborn, H., Ann. Ent. Soe. Am., p. 707, 19380.
Gladionura abbreviata Osb., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., p. 708, 1930.
Resembling argenteola, but with style narrowing at apex and
last ventral segment of female almost evenly produced. Length:
Male, 2.5 mm.; female, 3.5 mm.
54 THE UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
General color yellowish-green, occasionally with dusky marks on
crown and abdomen.
Spur on hind tibiae of male about as long as first tarsal segment.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to black, avicephaliform
apex; valve about as long as preceding segment, angular; plates
wider at base than valve, long, sides slightly converging, inner mar-
gin rounding to long outer point; styles clavate, apex almost sharp;
aedeagus as long as enlarged portion of style, in lateral view ventral
margin slightly enlarged on middle third. Last ventral segment of
female about a third longer than preceding, posterior margin round-
ingly produced, slightly trilobed, median lobe about twice as broad
as laterals, often not lobed at all.
Lectoholotype male, and lectoallotype female, Garden of the Gods,
Colorado, H. Osborn, in Osborn collection.
Other specimens at hand from Kansas, Oklahoma, Wyoming,
Montana, South Dakota, New Mexico.
The types of Athysanella (Gladionura) abbreviata Osb. have been
studied. The type female (holotype), as Professor Osborn says in
the original description, is an abnormal individual. The allotype
male is larger than the female, something that rarely, if ever, occurs.
Numerous specimens like this male have been taken associated with
females in Kansas, Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico, and in none
of the hundreds of females examined has one been found that could
be said to resemble the holotype female of abbreviata. It is the con-
clusion, therefore, that the male allotype is wrongly associated and
that the female holotype is an abnormally developed female of
Athysanella (Gladionura) sinuata Osb., since specimens of this
latter species have been examined that resemble quite closely this
abnormal individual.
Athysanella (Gladionura) sinuata var. lobata n. subsp.
Resembling sinuwata Osb., but style of male with angled hump on
inner side, with excavated portion from it to apex and female last
ventral segment more nearly truncate. Length: Male, 2.5 mm.;
female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat to slightly rounded, margins more or less rounded;
spur on apex of hind tibia more than half as long as first tarsal
segment.
Color yellowish-green, often with semblance of darker longi-
tudinal stripes on elytra and spots on abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male with apex avicephaliform as in sinu-
ata; valve about as long as preceding segment, angular; plates
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 515
broader at base than valve, long, inner margin rounding to very
sharp apices; style enlarged on outer half, inner margin sharply
excavated on outer third to rounded narrow apex; aedeagus in lateral
view with sides almost parallel, slightly bent dorsally, apex angled
from dorsal to ventral margin, blunt. Last ventral segment of fe-
male about as long as preceding, lateral margins rounded, posterior
margin slightly excavate to a quite large, angular, median projec-
tion.
Holotype male, allotype female, numerous paratypes, Santa Fe.
N: Mex., May 29, 1935, P. W. Oman; 2 female and 5 male para-
types, Kenna, N. Mex., August 16, 1936, R. H. Beamer.
Paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball, types and numerous para-
types in U.S. N. M. and Snow Entomological Collection.
62. Athysanella (Gladionura) lunata n. sp.
Resembling sinuata Osb., but style with inner side of apex deepiy
excavate and last ventral segment of female definitely three-lobed.
Length: Male, 2.75 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex almost flat; margins fairly sharp; spur on hind tibia of
male half as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green; vertex sometimes with following dark
marks: two diverging dashes at apex, a curved dash opposite ocelli;
an inverted L on each side of median line and angled dash near base;
elytra semihyaline; abdomen often with usual brown spots.
Gemtalia. Pygofer narrowed to an avicephaliform apex; valve
slightly shorter than preceding segment, angular; plates broader
at base than valve, roundingly converging to sharp apices; style
enlarged on outer half, inner margin deeply emarginate on outer
fourth, outer margin slightly excavated on apical fifth, making apex
quite slender; aedeagus of usual type. Last ventral segment of fe-
male about as long as preceding, posterior margin definitely trilobed,
median lobe as wide as laterals combined.
Holotype male, allotype female, 1 male and 2 female paratypes,
Luna, N. Mex., July 25, 1936, R. H. Beamer.
63. Athysanella (Gladionura) concava n. sp.
Resembling sinuata Osb., but male style with deep excavation on
inner margin at apex, and female last ventral segment with a definite
angular, median lobe. Length: Male, 2.6 mm.; female, 3.75 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; spur on hind tarsi of male about
two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
~
56 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Color yellowish-green, sometimes with faint brown markings on
vertex and abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed into definite avicephaliform apex;
valve about as long as preceding segment, angular; plates broader at
base than valve, long, Inner margin rounding to sharp apices; style
enlarged on apical two-thirds, inner margin straight to deeply exca-
vated outer fourth, apex rather truncated; aedeagus small, not so
definitely humped as in G. sinuata, sides almost parallel, apex angled
from dorsal to ventral margin. Last ventral segment of female
about as long as preceding, lateral angles rounded, posterior margin
slightly excavated to large, median process.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Mes-
calero, N. Mex., July 15, 19386, R. H. Beamer, and Cloudcroft, N.
Mex., July 14, 19386. Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological
Collection and in collection of E. D. Ball and U. 8. N. M.
64. Athysanella (Gladionura) nacazarana Osb.
Gladionura nacazarana Osborn, H., Ann. Ent. Soe. Am., p. 711, 1930.
Resembling argenteola, but styles much longer than plates, apices
of pygofer not nearly so long, and last ventral segment of female
with lateral lobes much longer than median. Length: Male, 2.75
mm.; female, 3.75 mm.
Vertex flat, margins quite sharp; spur and hind tibia of male very
long, almost as long as first and second segments of tarsi together.
Color yellowish-green, often with usual light-brown markings on
vertex and abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed into a medium, long, black point,
slightly curved at apex; valve scarcely as long as preceding segment,
angular; plates wider than valve at base, long, scarcely narrowed,
apices truncate; styles long, projecting beyond plates, slightly nar-
rowed with round, knobbed apices in ventral view; aedeagus short,
in lateral view widest near base, dorsal margin cut away from near
middle to sharp apex. Last ventral segment of female longer than
preceding, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin deeply ex-
cavate to a short, rather broad median tooth.
Holotype female, allotype male, Nacazara, Mexico, in Osborn
collection. Types studied. Other specimens at hand from the fol-
lowing localities: Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, Baboquivari Mts., Ari-
zona, Patagonia, Arizona, Pearce, Arizona, and Santa Cruz river,
Arizona.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 57
65. Athysanella (Gladionura) clavata n. sp.
Resembling argenteola (Uhl.), but color gray with dark markings;
plates with apices truncate or slightly excavated, instead of rounded,
styles with outer half heavier, apices nearer truncate, with larger
projection on outer margin, and last ventral segment of female pro-
truding instead of excavated. Length: Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 5mm.
Vertex almost flat, margins quite rounded; spur on hind tibia of
male short, less than half as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous, heavily marked with fuscous; vertex with two
diverging dashes at apex, more or less united, transverse, curved
mark opposite ocellus, inverted L on each side of middle line and
spot at base; pronotum more or less infuscated; elytra usually with
brown longitudinal stripes, and abdomen with usual brown spots in
longitudinal rows.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed into a long, black, curving
apex; valve shorter than preceding segment, angular; plates broader
at base than valve, long, margins scarcely narrowing, apices almost
truncate, outer, or dorsal, corner much longer; styles clavate in
dorsal or ventral view with two rounded projections on outside mar-
gin, apical one about twice as large as other; aedeagus in lateral
view short, sides almost parallel, apex angled from dorsal to ventral
margin. Last ventral segment of female about as long as preceding,
lateral margin cut away at edge of preceding segment to small
lateral tooth, posterior margin excavated between these.
Holotype male, allotype female, 2 male and 8 female paratypes,
Nogales, Ariz., 1933, E. D. Ball; other paratypes as follows: numer-
ous specimens, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona, E. D. Ball, 1935; 18
males and 7 females, Patagonia, Ariz., June 24, 1983, R. H. Beamer;
13 males and 12 females, Patagonia, Ariz., June 24, P. W. Oman;
other specimens from the following localities: Blue Springs, N. Mex.,
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, Nogales, Ariz., Tucumcari, N. Mex., Con-
can, Tex. The specimens from this last locality are slightly differ-
ent, but so close that another species is not justified.
Types in collection of E. D. Ball, paratypes in U. 8. N. M. and
Snow Entomological Collection.
66. Athysanella (Gladionura) directa n. sp.
Resembling diversa, but style with inner margin straight to apex,
not excavated on outer third, and female last ventral segment with
definite lateral processes. Length: Male, 2.5 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; spur on hind tibia of male about
two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
ou
[o 6)
Color yellowish-green, occasionally with semblance of darker
marks on vertex.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to short, black, curved
apices; valve as long as preceding segment, sharply angular; plates
wider at base than valve, long, sides almost parallel, apices trun-
cate, dorsal margin slightly longer; style enlarged on outer half,
inner margin even, slightly curving in, outer margin narrowed on
outer third to truncate apex; aedeagus in lateral view with sides
almost parallel, slightly curved dorsally, apex rather blunt, exca-
vated from ventral margin. Last ventral segment of female not
much more than half as long as preceding, lateral margin rounded
into definite processes, posterior margin excavated to broad median
projection, not as long as laterals.
Holotype male, allotype female, 19 pairs paratypes, Rocksprings,
Tex., July 9, 1986, R. H. Beamer and M. B. Jackson; other para-
types as follows: 2 males and 1 female, San Antonio, Tex., July 4,
1936; one pair, Sabinal, Tex., July 6, 1936, D. R. Lindsay; 7 males
and 5 females, Conean, Tex., 1 male, Castroville, Tex., D. R. Lind-
say; 5 pairs, Leakey, Tex., July 8, 1936, R. H. Beamer.
Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection, para-
types in collection of E. D. Ball and U.S. N. M.
67. Athysanella (Gladionura) nigriventralis n. sp.
Resembling contracta, but venter quite dark, inner margin of
style not excavated and lateral processes of last ventral segment
of female much longer than median. Length: Male, 3 mm.; fe-
male, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; spur on hind tibia of male long and
curved, longer than first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, usually with the following dark marks;
vertex with two diverging dashes at apex, a curved dash extending
in from ocellus, boxlike mark on each side of dise and an angled
dash on each half next base; each segment of dorsum usually with
a transverse row of very fine brown spots; venter usually almost
entirely black.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed into a black, generally
curving apex; valve about as long as preceding segment, angular;
plates broader than valve at base, sides almost parallel, apex almost
truncate, dorsal corner longest; style enlarged on outer half, outer
margin excavated on outer third, inner margin almost straight;
aedeagus in lateral view with sides almost parallel, very slightly
curved dorsally, apex angulate from dorsal to ventral. Last ven-
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 59
tral segment of female about as long as preceding, lateral margins
produced into long rounded lobes, posterior margin excavated almost
to base, with slight bulging at middle.
Holotype male, allotype female, 11 male and 9 female paratypes,
Silver City, N. Mex., July 22, 1936, R. H. Beamer and D. R. Lind-
say; 8 male and 8 female paratypes, Frijole, Tex., July 16, 1933;
1 male, Carlsbad Cavern, N. Mex., 1934, E. D. Ball.
Types in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collection
of E. D. Ball.
68. Athysanella (Gladionura) dentata n. sp.
Resembling clavata, but last ventral segment of female with pos-
terior margin smooth on lateral third, style with lateral process
near tip almost as broad as width of shaft, and aedeagus covered
with numerous minute pegs on outer two-thirds. Length: Male,
4 mm.; female, 5.5 mm.
Vertex flat, margin medium; spur on hind tibia of male as long
as first tarsal segment, curved.
Color cinereous, often with a yellowish-green tinge, often with
semblance of brown markings throughout.
Genitalia. Pygofer narrowed into a large, black, evenly curved
apex; valve about as long as preceding segment, angular; plates
wider at base than valve, sides almost parallel, apex truncate, dor-
sal margin longest; style enlarged on outer two-thirds, outer margin
with large bump just before apex; aedeagus in lateral view of mod-
erate length, sides almost parallel, apex angled from dorsal to ven-
tral margin, ending in small hook, outer two-thirds with numerous
small peglike structures. Last ventral segment of female scarcely
as long as preceding, posterior margin rounded from base to small
definite notch either side a short, blunt median tooth.
Holotype male, allotype female, 4 male and 5 female paratypes,
Durango, Colo., July 2, 1938, P. W. Oman; numerous paratypes,
same locality, R. H. Beamer, July 4, 1937.
Types in U.S. N. M., paratypes in Snow Entomological Collec-
tion and collection of E. D. Ball.
69. Athysanella (Gladionura) excavata (Osb.)
Athysanella excavata Osborn, H., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XXIII, p. 704, 1930.
Resembling argenteola (Uhler), but distinctly larger, and female
last ventral segment deeply excavated. Length, 3-5 mm. ;
General color grayish or yellowish-green in dry specimens, living
specimens iridescent green. Slight dark markings often present on
crown and abdomen.
60 THe UnIversity ScIeENCE BULLETIN
Crown rather flat and sharp; spur on hind tibia of male less than
half as long as first segment of tarsi.
Genitalia. Posterior margin of last ventral segment of female
with lateral angles sharp, deeply excavated on middle two-thirds,
with small median tooth usually barely showing past penultimate
segment.
Male pygofer narrowed to long, black, curving apex; valve about
same length as the preceding segment, angular; plates wider than
valve at base, long, sides but slightly narrowed to blunt apices, long-
est on dorsal margin; style enlarged on outer half, inner margin
slightly excavated near middle, rounding toward outer on outer
fourth, outer margin with slight excavation either side of a median
projection, giving a slight trilobed appearance; aedeagus of normal
type.
The allotype male described above and numerous parallotypes,
Boca Chica, Tex., June 30, 1938, R. H. Beamer, are here designated.
One parallotype, same place 1933, P. W. Oman.
The holotype female, San Antonio, Tex., has been studied in addi-
tion to numerous specimens, both male and female, collected this
past summer (1938) at Boca Chica, Tex.
The species was named from females only, hence was placed in
the wrong subgenus.
70. Athysanella (Gladionura) curvata n. sp.
Resembling contracta n.sp., but apices of male plates longer and
more slender, on a slide the styles curve in instead of out, pygofer
hooks much longer and heavier, extending out and up and the last
ventral segment of the female, although shaped much the same has
larger lateral projections and a truncated median projection that is
much shorter than the laterals. Length: Male, 3mm.; female, 4mm.
Vertex slightly excavated, margins sharp; spur on hind tibia of
male about two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, usually without dark markings.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to very long, heavy straight
projections, extending out and dorsally; valve scarcely as long as
preceding segment, obtusely angled; plates wider than valve at base,
sides almost parallel, scarcely touching on mesal margin, apices nar-
rowed to very long outer points; style thickened on outer two-thirds,
on the slide, curving in with outer margin smooth, an angular projec-
tion near middle of inner margin and apex strongly contracted;
aedeagus typical of most species in this genus, slightly tapered to-
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 61
ward apex in lateral view. Last ventral segment of female about as
long as preceding, lateral angles excavated to rather broad processes,
posterior margin excavated from these processes to a broad truncate
median projection about half as long as laterals.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Little
Beaver Creek, Colorado, July 11, 1987, R. H. Beamer and C. L.
Johnston, at a point not far from Pingree Park, Colorado. Types
and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection.
71. Athysanella (Gladionura) contracta n. sp.
Resembling argenteola (Uhler), but style of male contracted to
half greatest width and posterior margin of last ventral segment of
female with inward, projecting lateral lobes, and large median lobe
as long as laterals. Length: Male, 3mm.; female, 4mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; spur on hind tibia of male long,
curved, reaching about to apex of first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, sometimes with a semblance of darker
marks on vertex and abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to rather short, black,
slightly curved apex; valve little more than half as long as preced-
ing segment, obtusely angled; plates wider at base than valve, very
long especially on outer margin, inner margin roundingly narrowed
to long, slender apices; styles enlarged on outer two-thirds, widest
near middle, contracted on outer fourth to half greatest width;
aedeagus short, without specific value. Last ventral segment of
female about as long as preceding, lateral margins roundingly ex-
cavated, posterior margin deeply excavated either side a large
median lobe, lateral lobes projecting inward.
Holotype male, allotype female, 2 male and 9 female paratypes,
Osborne, Kan., September 9, 1936, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes
as follows: 6 males and 4 females, Scott county, Kansas, State Park,
August 21, 1936, R. H. Beamer; 4 pairs, Slade, Kan., September 9,
1936, M. E. Griffith; 1 pair, Dickinson county, Kansas, R. H.
Painter; 2 males, Ellsworth county, Kansas, D. A. Wilbur; 7 males
and 14 females, Seymour, Tex., June 30, 1936, R. H. Beamer; 6
males, 4 females, Yarnell Hts., Arizona, 1929, E. D. Ball; 3 males, 2
females, Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, 1931, E. D. Ball; 1 male, 7 fe-
males, Patagonia, Ariz., E. D. Ball; 3 males, 1 female, Huachuca
Mts., Arizona, July 14, 1934, E. D. Ball. Other specimens at hand
from Loveland, Colo., Waynoka, Okla., Fox Ridge, 8S. Dak., Cappa,
S. Dak., Ashfork, Ariz., Silver City, N. Mex., Frijole, Tex.
62 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
fod
72. Athysanella (Gladionura) sagittata n. sp.
Resembling contracta, but larger, male styles more enlarged, with
apex rounded instead of truncated, and median process of last ven-
tral segment of female at least three times as broad as laterals.
Length: Male, 4 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins medium; spur on hind tibia of male as long
as first tarsal segment, curved.
Color cinereous, with a yellowish-green tinge, usually with a
semblance of brown spots on vertex and usual rows on abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to rather short, black,
curved, apex; valve slightly shorter than preceding segment, angular;
plates broader at base than valve, very long, inner margin broadly
rounded to long, slender apices; styles enlarged on outer half,
apices narrowed, rounded, somewhat sagittate in shape; aedeagus in
lateral view with sides almost parallel, shghtly curved dorsally, apex
excavated from dorsal to ventral margin, with hook at tip. Last
ventral segment of female about as long as preceding, lateral angles
with rather long processes, posterior margin excavated almost to
base, with very broad median projection, often with a semblance of
a notch either side of middle.
Holotype male, allotype female, 13 male and 7 female paratypes,
Hurley, N. Mex., August 25, 1985, R. H. Beamer; other paratypes
as follows: 1 male, Douglas, Ariz., June 10, 1936, E. D. Ball; 11
males, 22 females, Pearce, Ariz., August 23, 1935, R. H. Beamer; 12
males, 12 females, Mustang Mt., Arizona, August 22, 1935, R. H.
Beamer; numerous specimens Elkins, N. Mex., 1936, R. H. Beamer
and D. R. Lindsay.
Types in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collection
of E. D. Ball and U.S. N. M.
73. Athysanella (Gladionura) arcana n. sp.
Resembling argenteola, but styles projecting beyond plates and
pygofer hooks much shorter. Length: Male, 3 mm.; female, 4 mm.
Vertex flat, margins angular; spur on hind tibia of male as long
as first tarsal segment.
Color variable from buff to yellowish-green, often with darker
marks on vertex and abdomen; elytra often with veins lighter.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to short, black, very slightly
curved apex; style about as long as preceding segment, angular;
plates wider at base than valve, long, slightly narrowed to bluntly
rounded apices; style protruding, enlarged on outer two-thirds,
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 63
rounded hump near middle of outside margin, apex in form of dogs’
head, nose in; aedeagus in lateral view short, sides almost parallel,
slightly curved dorsally, apex excavated from dorsal to ventral
margin. Last ventral segment of female almost hidden beneath
the preceding, posterior margin barely showing on lateral margins,
slightly wider near middle.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, 47 miles
west, Sheffield, Tex., July 10, 1936; other paratypes as follows:
numerous specimens, Marfa, Tex., August 7, 1936, E. D. Ball; 2
males and 1 female, Otero county, New Mexico, June 17, 1929,
R. H. Painter; 1 male, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, June 9, 1933,
P. W. Oman; other specimens are at hand from the following
localities: Wilcox, Ariz., Rodeo, Ariz., Ozona, Tex., White’s City,
N. Mex., Fort Stockton, Tex., Hurley, N. Mex.
Types in Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in U.S. N. M.
and collection of E. D. Ball.
74. Athysanella (Gladionura) argenteola (Uhler)
Deltocephalus argenteolus Uhler, P. R., Bul. U. S. Geol. Survey, iii, p. 473, 1877.
This is one of the commonest leaf hoppers in the short grasses of
the western plains. It is characterized by its golden green color,
which becomes yellowish-green after death; plates long with rounded
apices, styles clavate, about as long as plates; pygofers narrowed
into very long, slender, black spines, hooked at tips.
Vertex flat, margins medium; spur on hind tibia of male as long
as first tarsal segment.
Color yellowish-green, often marked with fuscous on vertex and
abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male with apical portion about one-third
as long as whole, very slightly curved; valve about as long as pre-
ceding segment, angular, plates at base wider than valve, long, nar-
rowing slightly to just before apex, when inner margin curves
rapidly to meet outer; styles about as long as plates, apices rounded,
flat, notch on outer margin one-third distance from tip; aedeagus
rather short, curving slightly, apex sharp. Last ventral segment of
female about as long as preceding, lateral angles excavated on
outer half, posterior margin broadly excavated from rounded lateral
corners to broadly rounded median portion just shorter than lateral
lobes.
Lectoholotype, macropterous female, labeled in Uhler’s hand-
writing as follows: “Colo. Sp. 13/8.” and allotype male, Peyton,
Colo., August 19, 1936, R. H. Beamer, are here designated. Holo-
64 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
type in U. 8. N. M., allotype in Snow Entomological Collection.
Specimens at hand from Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
Colorado, Wyoming, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Nebraska.
75. Athysanella (Gladionura) diversa n. sp.
Resembling contracta, but style with inner margin concave on
outer third and outer margin convex, and female last ventral seg-
ment with posterior margin without lateral processes, and very
large median projection. Length: Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 5 mm.
Vertex flat, margins sharp; spur on hind tibia of male about as
long as first tarsal segment. Color yellowish-green, often marked
with fuscous on vertex and abdomen.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed into a short, black apex
with slight hook; valve about as long as preceding segment, angu-
lar; plates broader at base than valve, very long, sides almost
parallel, inner margin rounded to rather blunt apices; styles enlarged
on outer two-thirds, inner margin concave on outer third, outer mar-
gin convex just opposite; aedeagus rather short, in lateral view
sides almost parallel, apex sharp, excavated from dorsal to ventral
margin. Last ventral segment of female about as long as preceding,
at lateral margins scarcely extending beyond preceding segment,
posterior margin strongly produced at middle.
Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes, Yar-
nell, Ariz., July 29, 1933, R. H. Beamer, 6 pairs paratypes, Yarneli
Hts., Arizona, October 4, 1929, E. D. Ball. Types and paratypes in
Snow Entomological Collection, paratypes in collection of E. D.
Ball.
Brachydella, new subgenus
Like Gladionura but with vertex very flat, almost concave, with
margin rounded from eye to eye, meeting front in very thin, almost
foliaceous margin. Pygofer narrowed into long hook, and male with
long spur on hind tibia. The type of subgenus is Athysanella
(Brachydella) abdominalis n. sp.
lord
76. Athysanella (Brachydella) abdominalis n. sp.
Resembling the species of Gladionura, but larger and more
slender with the very flat vertex and extremely sharp margins.
Length: Male, 4.6 mm.; female, 6.5 mm.
Vertex wider than long, flat to concave, margin rounded from
eye to eye, very sharp, almost foliaceous; head wider than pronotum ;
elytra short, exposing seven abdominal segments, apices slightly
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 65
rounded, venation indefinite; abdomen long, narrow, female with
sharp extended ovipositor; males with large spur on hind tibia,
about two-thirds as long as first tarsal segment.
Color cinereous with fuscous markings; vertex with three black
spots on margin, a cross row of four longitudinal dashes near middle
and a semblance of two pairs of dashes at base; pronotum with six
longitudinal stripes, middle pair ending on scutellum; elytra with
a semblance, at least, of dark longitudinal stripes with heht veins;
abdomen usually with six longitudinal stripes, the laterals often
broken into a spot on each segment; venter varies from black te
dark spotted.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female of about same length
as preceding; posterior margin with shght lateral lobes, slhghtly ex-
cavated most of its breadth, with three short lobes at middle, the
central one much broader than laterals. Valve of male shorter
than preceding segment, angular; plates broader at base than valve
almost three times as long, outer margins converging to sharp apices
Pygofer of male narrowed on outer third to long black hook; style
short not reaching middle of plates, outer third curved dorsally on
ventral margin, with a large notch on dorsal margin; aedeagus in
lateral view widest on basal half, slightly curved dorsally on apical
third.
Holotype male, allotype female, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona,
August 18, 1935, E. D. Ball. Paratypes as follows: one pair, same
data as types; 1 male, Atascos Mountain, Arizona, August 16, 1935,
fH. D. Ball; 20 males and 17 females, Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona,
August 18, 1935, R. H. Beamer.
Types and paratypes in collection of E. D. Ball. Paratypes in
U.S. N. M. and Snow Entomological Collection.
Pedumella, new subgenus
Like Athysanella, but male with no spur on apex of hind tibia
and pygofer narrowed to a black hook. Type of the subgenus Athy-
sanella (Pedumella) spatulata n. sp.
Key To Species OF SUBGENUS PEDUMELLA
Outer third of style of male enlarged, flattened, pygofer narrowed into a lIcng, black,
sickle-shaped process; posterior margin of last ventral segment of female with defin:te
Patierleslo best tye rate) cred hetcreson sce aliswcn apenzcc ti suaredchenenshs tone) eiadchane Srolemoicreies oat sieaceers spatulata, p. 66
Outer third of style with right-angled notch in dorsal margin; pygofer narrowed into a
short process bent at right angles; posterior margin of last ventral segment of female
witkoute lateral: lobes® 6) sia sayscs sisuersysce) susneres eiede elevshetone cost otoieter ste) sus tevsbe) ecient recurvata, p. 66
5—2181
66 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
77. Athysanella (Pedumella) spatulata n. sp.
Resembling recurvata, but outer third of male style spatulate
without the narrowed ventral apical process. Length: Male, 3mm.;
female, 4.5 mm.
Vertex concave, margins sharp; styles visible externally.
Color cinereous; some specimens with a semblance of usual dark
markings on vertex, pronotum, and elytra; dorsum of abdomen with
cross rows of spots and a semblance of the longitudinal stripes.
Gemitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed into large, black, evenly
curved, sickle-shaped apex; valve longer than last ventral segment,
broadly angular; plates broader at base than valve, long, slightly
converging to blunt apices; style spatulate on outer third, apex
truncate; aedeagus in lateral view, long, slender, shghtly curved
dorsally, excavated ventral to dorsal to sharp apex. Last ventral
segment of female longer than preceding, lateral margins rounded
to definite lateral lobe, posterior margin sharply excavated to a
short, rounded median lobe.
Holotype male, allotype female, and 9 male paratypes, St. John,
Ariz., July 26, 1936, R. H. Beamer; paratypes as follows: one male,
Hurley, N. Mex., August 25, 1935, R. H. Beamer; 7 males, Mara-
thon, Tex., July 9, 1938, R. H. Beamer. Types in Snow Entomo-
logical Collection.
78. Athysanella (Pedumella) recurvata (Osb.)
Gladionura recurvata Osborn. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 23, 1930, p. 706.
Resembling lunata, but without a spur on hind tibia and female
last ventral segment without lateral lobes on posterior margin.
Length: Male, 3.5 mm.; female, 5mm.
Vertex flat, margins angular; styles visible externally; no spur on
hind tibia of male.
Color yellowish-green, very faintly marked, if at all; an occa-
sional specimen with diverging dashes at apex of vertex and sem-
blance of other marks; pronotum with semblance of cross row of
dots: dorsum of abdomen with four cross rows of dots and an occa-
sional specimen with longitudinal stripes.
Genitalia. Pygoter of male narrowed to a thick, black point bent
at right angles; valve about as long as preceding segment, obtusely
angular; plates wider at base than valve, long, inner margin round-
ing to long slender tips; style enlarged on outer two-thirds, apex
ereatly narrowed for space about equal to width at middle; aedea-
cus in lateral view widest on basal two-thirds, apex angled from
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 67
dorsal to ventral margin, ventral margin slightly serrate. Last
ventral segment of female hidden beneath preceding at margin, pro-
duced into an angular tooth at middle.
Since the type of this species is lost, a female neoholotype and
male allotype, Ashfork, Ariz., August 16, 1929, E. D. Ball, described
above, are here designated. In collection of E. D. Ball.
Specimens are at hand from the following localities: Painted Des-
ert, Ariz., Lupton, Ariz.; Williams, Ariz.; Kanab, Utah; Chads,
Utah; Provo, Utah; Westwater, Colo.; Grand Junction, Colo.; Elsi-
nore, Utah; White’s City, N. Mex.; St. Johns, Ariz.
Gillettiella Osb.
This genus is characterized by the conical head, rather short
elytra, long ovipositor, and male genitalia of the type more often
found in other genera of leaf hoppers than in Athysanella. The type
of the genus is Gillettiella labiata (Gill.).
Key To SPECIES OF GILLETTIELLA
deePADexvotaventexawitheround) blackuspOtiresrciie atest clelcrsionic cielo ceeicicls oie e cieneneiensrel a 2
Apex of vertex without round black spot....................-- secrco (noni. Ww. Oy
2. Vertex very sharp, sides almost straight, markings broad.......... atropunctata, p. 68
Vertex much blunter, margins rounded, markings narrow................ fasciata, p. 69
79. Guillettiella labiata (Gill.)
Deltocephalus labiata Gillette, Colo. Exp. Sta. Bull. 48, p. 26, 1898.
Deltocephalus labiata var. rufus Gillette, Colo. Exp. Sta. Bull. 48, p. 26, 1898.
Easily separated from other members of this genus by the lack of
intense black spot on apex of vertex. Length: Male, 2.5 mm.;
female, 4 mm.
Vertex rounded, margins rounded to front; elytra short, exposing
about five abdominal segments, hind margin truncate most often,
but may vary to pink.
Color cinereous, female with a semblance of dark spots on ab-
domen and vertex; male with three pairs of spots, angular at apex,
rectangular on disc and rounded at base; pronotum with transverse
row of dark spots anteriorly; elytra dark with veins lighter and
light eross band at tips with apical cells darker; abdomen dark
brown except next to last segment, which is light with transverse
row of brown spots and a median, longitudinal, light stripe.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male slightly narrowed to rounded apex;
valve longer than preceding segment, angular, apical third more
acute; plates wider at base than valve, narrow, slightly longer than
valve, inner margin almost straight, outer rounded to sharp apices;
68 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
style broad on basal half, cuter third very narrow, sides almost
parallel, curved out; aedeagus in lateral view long and slender,
bent dorsally at about a right angle near basal fourth, sides almost
parallel, slightly converging. Last ventral segment of female broader
than preceding, lateral margin rounded to small lateral process,
posterior margin excavated to a broad median eminence as long as
laterals.
Types in collection of Colorado Agricultural College. Specimens
at hand from Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wyoming.
This is a very common, widespread species, often varying in
color with the type of soil. So variable is the general color that
to use the varietal name rufus would be confusing.
80. Gillettiella atropunctata (Gill.)
Deltocephalus atropunctata Gillette, C. P., Colo. Exp. Sta. Bull. 48, p. 28, 1898.
Resembling labiata, but smaller and with very black spot on apex
of vertex. Length: Male, 2 mm.; female, 4 mm. -
Vertex sharp, dise rounded, margins rounded to front, about twice
as long as distance between eyes.
Color cinereous, with dark markings as in labiata, but more ex-
tended and darker with the small, very black spot on apex of
vertex.
Long-winged female 1s much larger than the short-winged fe-
male; elytra with two cross-nervures and more rounded apices and
veins light with cells embrowned.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male with sides almost parallel, apex
broadly rounded; valve as long as preceding segment, apex sharply
angled; plates broader at base than valve, inner margins contiguous,
outer margin rounded to medium sharp apices; style greatly nar-
rowed on outer third, bent out at 45 degrees; aedeagus in lateral
view bent dorsally in semicircle, long and slender. Last ventral
segment of female longer than preceding, posterior margins rounded
to small lateral processes, posterior margin slightly excavated from
lateral processes to very broad, rounded middle portion of about
same length as lateral portions.
Lectoholotype female, Fort Collins, Colo., September 27, C. P.
Gillette; allotype male, Fort Collins, Colo., May 29, 1898. This
species is at hand from the following states: Colorado, Arizona,
New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas. Our collecting would in-
dicate a heavier population of this species in Texas.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 69
81. Gillettiella fasciata n. sp.
Resembling atropunctata, but much larger, vertex blunter with
two dark cross bands and two longitudinal stripes on thorax.
Length: Male, 2.5 mm.; female, 4.25 mm.
Vertex highly arched, margins rounded, shghtly longer at middle
than width between eyes; elytra exposing about three abdominal
segments, apices rounded.
Color cinereous; vertex with a round black apical spot, two darker
cross bands indicated on dise, with an indication of two convergin
stripes on basal half, continuing across pronotum to end on scutel
lum; dark stripe on pronotum back of each eye; elytra darker with
veins lighter; dorsum of abdomen with indication of three pairs of
Oo
5
brown longitudinal stripes.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male narrowed to bluntly rounded apices;
valve of male angular with outer third sharply angled, plates wider
at base than valve, about as long as valve, margins rounded to
almost an oval shape; style with outer third very narrow, bent out
and serrated on outer margin; aedeagus in lateral view long and
narrow, bent dorsally at about a right angle, gradually narrowed to
sharp apex. Last ventral segment of female about as long as
preceding, lateral margins rounded to a shallowly excavate posterior
margin,
Holotype male, allotype female, and one female paratype, Santa
Fe, N. Mex., June 29, 1935, P. W. Oman; one paratype female, 5.7
miles west of Grady, N. Mex., June 28, 1929, Salsola pestifer.
Types in U.S. N. M.
THE GENus Doratura Boh.
Usually short-winged, vertex round from eye to eye, margin sharp,
dise excavated, male genitalia small compared to Athysanella, ex-
tending but slightly beyond last abdominal segment, more like that
of Lonatura in this respect. The genotype is D. stylata Boh.
Only one species of this genus has been found in this country and
it is identical with Doratura stylata Boh. of Europe, except smaller.
82. Doratura stylata (Boh.)
Athysanus stylatus Boheman, C. H. K., Vet. Ac. Handl., 1847.
Resembling Brachydella abdominalis in the shape and sharpness
of vertex, but much smaller, lacks the spur on hind tibia and plates
are almost truncate. Length: Male, 3.5mm.; female, 4mm.
Vertex wider between eyes than median length, usually quite
70 Tue UnIversiry ScIENCE BULLETIN
rounded from eye to eye, margin sharp, dise excavated at least just
back of margin, elytra of short-wing forms exposing six abdominal
segments, truncate, venation obscure in long-winged females, extend-
ing almost to tip of ovipositor; hind wings mere pads in former and
normal length in latter. In dorsal view body widest in region of
second abdominal segment. Female ovipositor about as in Athy-
sanella. Male genitalia smaller, superficially resembling Lonatura.
Color tawny, marked with black; face with two black cross
stripes; vertex margin with three black spots, median larger, more
or less rectangular, dise with semblance of boxlike spot; pronotum
with semblance of crossrow of darker spots; dorsum of abdomen
with semblance of six longitudinal stripes, often with a narrow,
lighter median stripe; venter with two black cross bands on face;
females with segments of abdomen more or less infuscated, those
of males with large black lunate cross spot occuping a large portion
of each sclerite.
Genitalia. Pygofer of male short, rectangular; valve short, ob-
tuse, barely visible externally; plates broad at base, sinuately nar-
rowed on outer margin to broadly rounded apices; aedeagus in lateral
view broad on basal half, bent dorsally just before middle and much
narrowed to apex; styles with peculiar flaplike process near attach-
ment to plates, shghtly broadened for about one-fourth distance to
tip, then sharply bent dorsally and narrowed to long, slender, cury-
ing apices.
Numerous specimens are at hand from Wisconsin, Michigan and
Massachusetts. Long-winged females are fairly common.
There is apparently no difference in the specimens in this country
and those in Europe except these are smaller in size. The internal
genitalia of the male are alike too, except smaller.
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 71
PLATE I
| At gardenia 2. At magdalena 3. At fredonia
6, At. terebrans 7 At incerta 8 At. parca
8 At parca 9 At laeta tO. At tenero
» THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE II
13. At. globosa 14. At foeda 5. At. kanabana
18 At utahna 19. At. supina 20. At. bifida
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA 73
ad OF. 8
nD
At. planata 22. At yumana 23. Am. ardua
23. Am. ardua 24 Am. playana 25. Am. rubicunda
26. Am. skullana 27 Am. nigrofascia 28. Am. triodana
28. Am. triodana 293. Am. nimbata 30. Am. texana
74 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE IV
33. Am. stylata 34 Am. reticulate 35. Am. aridella
38. Am. turgida 39. Am. hamata 40. Am. attenuata
Batu AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA
PLATE V
~I
+0, Am. attenuata 41. Am. wilburt 42 Am. oc
NS
44. Am. modesta 45 Am. kansona 46. Gl. curtipennis
eidentalis
47 Gl dubia 48. Gi. truncate 49. Gi. blanda
a
76 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE VI
54.GIl.emarginata 55. Gl. furculato 56. Gl rata
57 Gi. libera 58. Gi. viridia 59. GL molesta
BaLL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELI
PLATE VII
78 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE VIII
—y
69. Gi excavata 70. Gi. curvata
72. Gl. sagittata 73. Gl. arcana 74. Gi. orgenteola
74. Gl. argenteola 75. Gl diversa 6. Br. abdorminalis
‘ , 79 bi at
2. spafuiata 8. Pe. recurvata J. Gi. labiata
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA
PLATE IX
79. Gi labiata 80. Gi. atropunctata 81. Gi faciata
82. Do. stylata 79. Gi labiata 80. Gi. atropunctata 82. Do stylatte
1. At gardenia 2. At. magdalena 3. At fredonia
4. Al. piacna 5. At incongrua 6. At terebrons
30) THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE X
Z At incerta
At robusta
i5. At kanobono
rostrata
ordua
BALL AND BEAMER: GENUS ATHYSANELLA
PLATE XI
Am
Am. attenuate
fa
casa
52. Gi
6—2181
2 THe UNtIversIty SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XII
66 Gi. directa
Gi, excavota
abdominolis 77 Pe. spotulota 78. Pe. recurvato
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Von. XXV1] OcrToBeR 1, 1939 [No, 2
A Contribution to the Taxonomy of the Subfamily
Issinae in America North of Mexico (Fulgoridae,
Homoptera)
KATHLEEN C. DOERING,
Department of Entomology, University of Kansas
Part III
Asstract: This paper comprises the third part of a monograph dealing with
the taxonomy of the subfamily Issmae (Fulgoridae, Homoptera) in America.
North of Mexico. In Part I* the genus Dictyssa was discussed. In part II +
a key to the genera was given and the following genera were discussed,
Buthiscia, Hysteropterum, Dictyonia, Dictyssonia, Dictyonissus, Neaethus,
Misodema, Ulixes, Tylana, Trarus, Thionia, and Picumna. In the present
paper seven genera have been revised, namely Dictyobia, Dictydea, Osbornia,
Papagona, Bruchomorpha, Danepteryx and Tylanira. Tylanira Ball is a mono-
typic genus to date. The genus Papagona has two species, as does Osbornia,
although the latter has one color variety. The genus Dictyobia has four
species, Dictydea seven, Danepteryx six, and Bruchomorpha twenty, making a
total of forty-two species studied in this section of the work. Of this total
number the following species are described as new: Dictyobia varia, Dictydea
valida, Dictydea uhleri, Dictydea nigrata, Bruchomorpha keidensia, Brucho-
morpha rosea, Bruchomorpha beamert, Bruchomorpha nodosa, Bruchomorpha
tenebrosa, Bruchomorpha bunni, Danepteryx adiuncta and Danepteryx robusta.
A color variety of Osbornia arborea was described and named var. fusca.
Some of the older species have been redescribed and comparative notes and
drawings are given for all species except the following, which the writer has
not seen: Dictydea falcata Van Duz., Dictydea variegata Van Duz., Papagona
papoosa Ball, and Tylanira bifurca Ball. The male genitalia have been figured
for all species except Dictyobia combinata, Dictydea uhleri, Bruchomorpha
nodosa, Bruchomorpha bunnt, and the four listed above.
Synonyms in this paper, all of which are in the genus Bruchomorpha, are
as follows: B. nasuta Stal=B. oculata Newman, B. flavo-vittata Stal =B.
dorsata Fitch, B. bicolor Metcalf = B. vittata Metcalf and B. bimaculata
Dozier = B. jocosa Stal.
The characters which have been of most value in classification of these
species are the male genitalia, the shape and position on the body of the
tegmina, the wing venation including the fineness or abundance of reticulation.
the shapes and position of both the frons and the postelypeus.
* The University of Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. XXIV, No. 17, 1936.
+ The University of Kansas Sci. Bull., Vol. XXV, No. 20, 1938.
(Mailing date July 10, 1939.)
(83)
&4 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Tue GeNus Dicryopia Uhler 1889
Uhler, P. R. New Genera and Species of American Homoptera, Trans. Md. Acad. Sci. 1,
p. 39, 1889.
Comparative notes. Tegmina opaque, dark brown to black, with
vitreous spots and bands, abbreviated oblong in shape, broadest just
at middle, held more or less horizontal to body and about same
length as body; reticulation moderate, with cells of apex much larger
than rest; venation tending to follow the following pattern: Veim
Se, present, setting off a broader costal margin than in Dictydea,
vein Se, and R branched near base, vein M branched posterior to
apex of clavus, vein Cu divided before middle, each of these veins
combining again before apex where they are all connected by an
apical vein which circumscribes the cortum and thus sets off a dis-
tinct apical membrane. Hind wings mere scales. Hind tibiae with
two spines.
This genus resembles Dictyssa, Dictydea, Dictyssonia and Neae-
thus more than any others in the subfamily. From Dictyssa it is
separated by its larger body size and much longer tegmina with an
undulating surface. From Dictydea it is separated by its much
broader wings with rounding costal border while in the latter the
costal margin is straight and the tegmina are held vertically against
body. It differs from Neaethus mainly by having the tegmina sub-
angulately expanded before middle, ramosely reticulate and with
the areoles usually large and irregular. In Dictyobia the tegmina
are horizontal to body, approximately same length as body, but
each tegmen undulates between depressions and inflated areas,
while in Neaethus the tegmina are usually distinctly vertical, longer
than the body and flat.
HISTORY OF THE GENUS
Uhler (1889) described the genus with the species permutata as
the type species. In 1910 Dr. E. D. Ball described combinata, and
in 1914 Doctor Van Duzee described atra. In the present paper one
new species is being added, namely, Dictyobia varia.
Key TO SPECIES
Le A robust species, tegmina more than twice longer than width, veins very heavy
and correspondingly greatly depressed cells; vertex nearly three times the
length of one lateral margin................ Dictyobia combinata Ball, p. 86
Smaller species; tegmina not quite twice longer than wide, veins less elevated,
lighter colored with cells less concave; anterior margin, of vertex less than
two and one-half times the length of a lateral margin.................
(1) Tegmina less closely reticulated, the pale aereoles frequently large, especially
near apex, or many united, with their margins studded with spurs of veins.
Dictyobia permutata Uhler, p. 85
to
Tegmina closely reticulated, none of the pale areoles much larger than others, 3
DorERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 85
8. (2) Vertex narrower, its anterior margin not much over twice wider than one lateral
margin, angulately produced forward beyond eyes; color of dark patches of
tegminae VATIegAted) DOWN! « e)cfelele + cl cl-lcls s1e/e «+1 oe1e Dictyobia varia n. sp., p. 86
Vertex somewhat broader, its anterior margin about two and one-half times the
length of one lateral margin, not produced at all beyond anterior margin of
eye, tegmina velvety black with pale areoles in sharp contrast.
Dictyobia atra Van Duzee, p. 85
Dictyobia permutata Uhler, 1889
Uhler, P. R. New Genera and Species of American Homoptera. Trans. Maryland Acad.
of Sci. 1, p. 39, 1889.
Comparative notes. Uhler described the species from five females
taken at Los Angeles, Cal., and for which he gave the size as being
5-6 mm. The writer had available for study one female specimen
from the National Museum, collected by C. V. Riley at Los Angeles
and two male specimens from Coquillet’s collection taken at Los
Angeles, and the length of these was 4.4-4.5 mm. The males showed
the distinguishing characteristic mentioned by Van Duzee and Uhler
of the pale areoles being fewer in number, larger towards the apex,
but the female specimen showed more numerous pale cells with
greater uniformity, although at several spots these smaller cells
tended to join together to produce the larger hyaline spots. Frons
with median carina prominent, the disk yellowish-tan spotted with
dark brown.
Male genitalia. The harpago in flattened lateral view is distin-
eulshed by having a larger, more curved external hook than in other
species as is seen in the drawings. The anal flap is approximately
twice longer than wide and the eleventh segment bears a short stylus.
The aedeagal structure is distinctive. The basal fourth of the
aedeagus is covered by the semimembranous theca which on the
dorsal side extends caudad into a long, slender, sharply tapering flap
which does not quite reach the apex of the aedeagus. The aedeagus
is a sclerotized tube, bearing at approximate base of apical fourth a
small spinelike process and near base, projecting beyond the pos-
terior lateral margin of the theea, two sickle-shaped processes, of
which the ventral one is a trifle the shortest.
Notes on distribution. Described by Uhler from specimens taken
at Los Angeles, Cal. One additional specimen has been noted from
Monrovia, Cal.
Dictyobia atra Van Duzee, 1914
Van Duzee, E. P. A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego, Cal. Trans. of
San Diego Soc. of Nat. Sci. 2 (1), p. 42.
Comparative notes. In the original description Mr. Van Duzee
states that it is the size and form of permutata, presenting no really
good structural characteristics, but that it may be distinguished by
S6 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
its velvety black color, especially on the elytra. He gives the length
as 4-5 mm., and points out that the elytra are closely reticulated
with the pale vittae obscured by black veinlets and with none of the
pale areoles materially larger as they are in permutata.
The differences noted above are the main distinguishing characters
other than the male genitalia. The species of this genus are not
easily separated.
Male genitalia. The anal flap seems comparatively shorter and
broader than in permutata, its length being only one-third longer
than its width. The eleventh segment is more conspicuous and bears
a relatively longer stylus.
The harpago in flattened lateral view has its dorsal apical angle
somewhat more produced and the external lateral hook is propor-
tionally shorter.
The aedeagus differs from that of permutata by having the two
curved basal hooks proportionally longer, by lacking the small sti-
letto process at base of apical fourth and instead having a sharply
pointed longer process at about middle of aedeagus.
Notes on distribution. Deseribed by Doctor Van Duzee from nu-
merous examples taken on the chaparral from May to July at San
Diego, Cal. Examples in the Snow Entomological Collection are
from Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains, Big Bear Lake, Monrovia
and Cajon, Cal.
Dictyobia combinata Ball, 1910
Ball, E. D. New Genera and Species of Issidae (Fulgoridae). Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
XXIII, p. 43.
Comparative notes. Doctor Ball points out in the original deserip-
tion that it is slightly longer than permutata with longer, less angled
elytra. The author found the length of the female specimen studied
to be 4.8 mm., and that the tegmina were over twice wider than long
with the costal margin distinctly rounding. The vertex of this spe-
cies is broader than in other species, six times wider than its median
length.
Male genitalia. Only one female was available for study.
Notes on distribution. Described from five specimens taken at
Colfax, Cal. The author had one specimen from San Jacinto Moun-
tains, California.
Dictyobia varia n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Greatest length varies between 3.5 mm. and 4.2mm. Great-
est width of tegmen 1.8 mm. This is the smallest species in the
genus.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 87
Color. General color lighter than in other species, being yellowish-
tan marked with brownish-fuscous. Vertex fuscous except a median
pale-yellow stripe and a thin pale border on all sides with, however,
the carinalike edges brown. Eyes fuscous. Frons tan variegated
with brown through disk, the brown marks becoming deeper just
inside lateral margins where they set off circular vellow spots of
varying sizes. Postelypeus light yellow, washed on each lateral disk
with brown. Pronotum yellow, washed in fuscous, a light yellow
median stripe and each lateral disk speckled with dark brown; meso-
notum reddish-brown except extreme lateral corners, thin median
line and posterior apex light yellow; venter at thorax light yellow.
Abdomen light yellow near base, becoming reddish-brown toward
apex, sometimes terga of 6th, 7th and 8th segments mottled with dark
brown. Tegmina more variegated or speckled in appearance than
other species; longitudinal veins, tannish-yellow, veinlets between
dark brown in sharp contrast to the white areoles; the pale areoles
forming a diagonal vitta from middle of clavus to the costa behind
middle, somewhat constricted at middle, where it sends a branch to
the inner apical angle so that a rough Y is marked off in the fuscous
background, the fuscous areas mottled in fuscous and reddish-brown ;
on the costal margin is a pale spot consisting of several round pale
spots and another row of pale spots near apex just anterior to apical
vein, the entire costal and apical margins bordered with white spots
which are smaller and more circular at base, becoming fewer and
larger toward apex so that the brown spots between are greater in
diameter than the white ones. Legs mostly light brown, except pale
at tips of coxae, femora and tarsi and a longitudinal stripe down
length of femur, claws black-tipped.
Structural characteristics. Vertex narrower in this species, being
only twice wider along anterior margin than one lateral margin and
the anterior margin roundingly produced. Frons narrowed, with
parallel sides and one lateral margin slightly more than one-fifth
longer than the basal margin. Pronotum coneave through disk, a
crescent-shaped carina elevated against vertex, behind eyes nar-
rowed to a slender arm, becoming knoblike at extreme side, after
which it expands into a platelike flap below eye on ventral side.
Mesonotum with two diverging distinct lateral carinae. Tegmina
not extending beyond abdomen, with position on body and undula-
tions characteristic of genus, longitudinal veins distinctly elevated,
cross nervures less so, reticulation finer even than in D. atra, espe-
cially near base, cells less concave than in combinata or atra.
SS THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Male genitalia. Anal flap parallel-sided, truncate at apex, not
quite twice longer than wide. Eleventh segment distinctly visible
with a prominent fingerlike stylus.
Each harpago from flattened lateral view is distinctive from other
species In that the apical dorsal angle is much less extended dorsad
into a shorter apical hook and externally bears a longer, recurved
hooklike process.
The aedeagal structure also differs distinctly by having the two
curved basal hooks which protrude beyond posterior margin of the
theea, much broader basally and thus proportionally much thicker
und shorter than in other species while the aedeagus itself is propor-
tionally much shorter.
Comparative notes. This species is distinguished from other spe-
cies externally by its more mottled coloring of the tegmina with the
distinctive light longitudinal veins, its finer reticulation, less concave
cells and its narrow vertex. The male genitalia differ as mentioned
above.
Distribution and types. Described from one male holotype, one
female allotype and 8 female and 7 male paratypes taken at Big
Bear Lake, California, on July 26, 1932, by Dr. R. H. Beamer.
These types are in the Snow Entomological Museum at the Univer-
sity of Kansas.
The Genus Dictydea, 1888
HISTORY OF THE GENUS
This genus was erected by P. R. Uhler in 1888 for two species,
angustata Uhler and intermedia Uhler. Both are taken in Cali-
fornia. In 1938 Dr. E. P. Van Duzee described two additional spe-
cies, variegata and falcata. In the present paper three new species
are being added, namely D. valida, D. uhlert and D. niarata.
Comparative notes. This genus seems to be a transition between
the genera Danepteryx and Dictyobia. Its distinguishing character-
istics are a quadrangular vertex, depressed through disk, a hemi-
spherical pronotum protruding forward between eyes with elevated
anterior margins, becoming very abbreviated as a thin arm around
eye, which again broadens into a flat, broad plate on side of head
below and posterior to eye. Frons vertical to body, clypeus deflexed.
Tegmina narrow, not usually so scimitar-shaped as in Danepteryz,
although falcata and variegata approach this shape, much of the
underside of body exposed below tegmina. Venation as follows:
Vein Sc, close to costal margin, extending approximately halfway of
tegmen; main longitudinal veins distinct, elevated, vein Sc, and R
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 89
branching somewhere around middle, M vein branching in the neigh-
borhood of claval apex, sometimes four-branched. Hind wings short
and folded once longitudinally. Hind tibiae with two spines.
IXry TO SPECIES
i, Tegmina broad, two and one-half to three times longer than greatest width;
vertex broad, anterior margin more than twice length of lateral margin.. 2
Tegmina narrower, three and one-half to four times longer than greatest width:
VELLORE ALLOW Cl aiay alate cc inches sete sore euet Ae en ca a meee eietan aya te vahatsnadast speten alc, chee Myst sse 5
is)
(1) Tegmina greatly widened across apex. considerably sloping; color yellow with
fuscous and hyaline spots and bands................ D. valida n.sp., p. 89
Tegmina only moderately expanded across apex so that costal and anal margins
are subparallel; color dark with whitish spots in sharp contrast........ 3
3. (2) Tegmina uniform dark brown with hyaline spots only in the cellules along the
OVC Taj Seow tcerecres ete ve sas euieu covortsvatsten:260/ay ares tue reohonexek onan eta erate toner D. angustata Uhler, p. 91
Tegmina dark brown, but with additional hyaline spots on corium or clavus, or
HOU aieia satan re oy avial aya trauatacateme cate retsta ales state we toeetaia ia mie Saale sfidt sl ene) ater ae hs 4
4. (3) Body and tegmina almost black, uniform except for a few hyaline spots halfway
of clavus, another small group along costal border at base of apical third;
CLAW UISH i Ori gee teter space. ceabe inches okerere rave deve relanenevenenenti eae i signe is D. nigrata n.sp., p. 92
Tegmina dark with many hyaline spots and a distinct transverse hyaline band
across corium just posterior to apex of clavus.... D. intermediate Uhler, p. 94
oe (1) Tegmina not so narrow, only about three and one-half times longer than
greatest width; blackish-brown with white border marks, D. uhleri n. sp., p. 95
Tegm-na narrower, about four times or more longer than greatest width.... 6
6. (5) Tegmen long, strongly decurved at apex, black with a sutural white spot beyond
tip of the clavus, the margin sparsely spotted with white. Length, 6 mm.
D. falcata Van Duzee.
Tegmina parallel, with the apex lanceolate and the costa straight, the sutural
margin white with fuscous veins; body varied with fuscous and_ pale.
IU ERY ANNE EGicranlans, "Ros, o hoe ae on OMS ced ono Cee D. variegata Van Duzee.
Notre.—The writer did not have specimens of D. falcata or D. variegata for study. The
characters given in the above key are taken directly from the key in Professor Van Duzee’s
paper (1938). The specimens of D. nigrata were compared by Doctor Beamer with the
specimens in Professor Van Duzee’s collection and found not to be the same.
Dictydea valida n. sp.
Size. One of the largest and most robust species in the genus.
Length of female from apex of head to tip of tegmen, 5.2 mm. to 5.4
mim.; length of male, 4.8 mm. Greatest width of tegmen just back
of claval apex, 1.7 mm.
Color. Color distinctive, having a general tan color marked with
fuscous, whereas other species are piceous black. Upper body tan,
marked with splashes of reddish-brown on disk of vertex, pronotum
and mesonotum; a faint cream median line on vertex and pronotum,
on each side of which, on pronotum, are two round, depressed spots.
The thin carinate margins of frons, vertex, pronotum, dark brown.
The carinae, lateral margins and apex of mesonotum lighter yellow
tan. Frons golden tan with an irregular dark spot in center and
numerous round, brown, depressed spots along each lateral margin.
Clypeus golden tan with brown oblique bands on each lateral disk
ef postelypeus and each lateral half of anteelypeus mostly dark.
9() Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Eyes reddish-brown. Thoracic segments yellowish-brown. Legs
golden brown with darker streaks on femora, carinae of tibiae and
tarsal claws blackish-brown. Abdominal segments mostly yellow
tan, the first few segments marked with round, brown spots across
disks of venter and sometimes the lateral posterior margins dark
brown. Tegmina splotched in cream, light and dark fuscous as fol-
lows: A large, irregular dark fuscous spot with base starting at apex
of clavus and spreading over into corium; a smaller, dark spot in
line with this on costal border from whence a lighter fuscous
longitudinal band extends cephalad to base of tegmen; an indefinite
brownish crescent across apex inside of membrane; these darker
areas thus setting off an irregular light Y of creamy, semiopaque cells
on each tegmen as viewed from the side; veins light yellowish-tan.
Structural details. Vertex deeply depressed across disk with lat-
eral and anterior margins sharply carinate and elevated, its width
along anterior margins three times greater than on lateral margins.
Pronotum with anterior margin evenly, roundingly protruded be-
tween eyes, each lateral part of this margin distinctly elevated, al-
though not as much as in other species, disk depressed with a pair of
round, sunken pits in middle. Mesonotum elevated up from sides,
having a long anterior border through middle a deep crescent-shaped
crease, on each side a lateral carina which extends from anterior bor-
der to posterior border, a less pronounced median carina present and
the extreme apex set off by a shallow, depressed transverse line.
Frons slightly longer than wide, the lateral margins outwardly
rounded and somewhat elevated, and a well-pronounced median
carina present. Clypeus in length equal to anterior margin, angu-
lately produced into frons. Tegmina distinctive in shape because of
its more evenly rounded claval and apical margin, giving the wing a
hemispherical shape and a much greater slope to the costal margin.
Venation prominent, vein M branching considerably anterior to
middle and Se, and R branching posterior to M.
Male genitalia. Anal flap rectangular in shape with posterior
ventral margin of the tube truncately notched.
Each harpago from flattened lateral view rectangular with the
ventral margin moderately curved outward and the dorsoventral!
angle extended cephalad into a tapering hook with an external ven-
trad curving process attached near this point.
The aedeagal structure is long and slender. The sleevelike theca
does not quite cover half of the aedeagus on the lateral and ventral
sides, is notched or split on the dorsal side, and then this dorsal part
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE Q]
extends caudad as a partially sclerotized flap which is shghtly longer
than the aedeagus itself.
The aedeagus is a sclerotized tube, bearing two sharply pointed
hooks near the base, whose apices show beyond the caudal rim of the
theea and a third, smaller, sharply pointed hook at about base of
apical third.
Comparative notes. This species is readily distinguished from
other species by the large, robust size, the hght colored, variegated
tegmina, and the semispherical shape of the latter.
Notes on distribution. Described from male holotype and female
allotype taken in the Giant Forest, California, July 28, 1929, by R.
H. Beamer, two female paratypes same data, one female paratype
and one male paratype from Maria county, California, August 3,
1929, by Paul Oman. These types are in the Snow Entomological
Museum, University of Kansas.
Dictydea angustata Uhler, 1889
Uhler, P. R. New Genera and Species of American Homoptera. Transactions Maryland
Academy of Sciences, Vol. I, p. 37, 1889.
Van Duzee, E. P. The Genus Dictydea Uhler (Homoptera, Issidae). Pan-Pacific Ento-
mologist, Vol. XIV, No. 1, pp. 33-35.
Comparative notes. This is a piceous black species with no
hyaline spots on the tegmina except along the border, and measuring
about 5 mm. in length from tip of head to apex of tegmen for fe-
male, and 4.5 mm. for male.
Uhler separates this species from intermedia by being less robust
and with the wing covers not convex behind middle as in that species.
Additional minor differences from other species noted by the writer
are: The lateral margins of frons subparallel, venation of the teg-
men tending to be that vein Se and R branch at apex of apical third,
and vein M at tip of clavus.
Male genitalia. Anal tube and flap larger than in intermedia, each
lateral margin convex and both converging to a truncate apex where
the extreme caudal margin of flap is slightly concave. The eleventh
segment is visible as a short, but distinct annulus, and bears an ex-
tremely large stylus which is broad at base, then is bluntly pointed
and almost reaches caudal margin of flap.
Each harpago in flattened lateral view is subrectangular in shape
except for posterior dorsal angle which extends cephalad into a short,
recurved hook and at base bears a blunt median hook on the inside
and externally a much more sharply pointed hook which curves
ventrad.
g2 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
The aedeagal structure is similar to this process in intermedia.
For a written description, see the discussion under the comparative
notes for that species. A comparison of the drawings will show the
differences in the two species. In the drawing of angustata the
aedeagus has been raised slightly out of its normal position, so that
the hooks point somewhat differently.
Notes on distribution. Uhler described the species from a pair
taken at Los Angeles, Cal., by Coquillett. Additional specimens in
the National Museum and Snow Entomological Collection have been
taken at Saugus, Cajon and Mint Canyon, California.
Professor E. P. Van Duzee (1938) states that he has taken angus-
tata in Mint Canyon, north of Saugus, California, and Dr. E. C. Van
Dyke has taken at Lythe Creek, San Bernardino, California, a series
of a form that does not seem to differ except in its larger size and
darker color.
Dictydea nigrata n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from apex of head to tip of abdomen for
female, 4.8 mm.; male, 4.6 mm. Length of tegmen, 4.4mm. Great-
est width of tegmen, 1.73 mm. Width of pronotum, female, 1.75 mm.;
male, 1.6 mm.
Color. Blackest species in the genus. Vertex, pronotum and meso-
notum brown-black except for a faint, median, light streak, the ex-
treme lateroposterior angles of vertex and apex of mesonotum yel-
low. Eyes gray-brown. Frons dark brown, faintly mottled in light
fuscous, clypeus yellow-brown, darker on extreme sides. Gena
brown-black except the extreme lateral region back of eye and a spot
below antennae. Antenna brown-black, except tip of pedicel and
connecting conjunctivae of segments. Body segments brown-black
mottled in lighter brown, connecting conjunctivae of legs white in
sharp contrast to rest of dark body. Legs darkly infuscated except
at the bases and apices of segments. Tegmina uniformly pitch brown
except for sharply contrasting, semiopaque, white spots in the fol-
lowing places: On clavus a series of roundish spots along inner mar-
ein, a group of 3 to 4 spots across its middle, and another single spot
toward apex, on corium round, rather uniform, spots scattered all
around margin, one or two roundish spots located just anterior to
base of apical third along costal margin, another one or two trans-
versely in line with this, but lying between vein M,,, and Cu,.
Structural characteristics. Vertex somewhat narrower than im
aungustata, its anterior margin being about two and one-half times as
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 93
wide as one lateral margin. Frons approximately as in angustata,
although a trifle narrower as compared side by side, with its median
carina sharp and appearing even more elevated than the lateral mar-
eins. Pronotum much as in angustata, being four times wider than
length at middle and the lateral arm behind eye elevated knoblike,
after which it narrows again to surround eye before expanding into
the characteristic flattened lobe on the extreme side of head. Teg-
mina of the broader type, its length about two and three-fourths
times its greatest width, which is at base of apical third. Longi-
tudinal veins distinct, but not as much as in some species, cross veins
also distinct. Vein Se, and R branching just before middle, vein M
in line with apex of clavus, Cu, branching anterior to middle.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment extremely long, almost
parallel-sided for two-thirds its length, then narrowing considerably
to form the anal flap of which the apical margin is concave. Elev-
enth segment ringlike, visible beyond the dorsal posterior rim of the
tenth segment, on its ventral margin bearing a broad stylus.
Each harpago from a flattened, lateral view is rather L-shaped,
the dorsal posterior third extended into a triangular projection, at
base of which on inside is a broad, pointed hook, another external
to this with a shghtly recurved apex.
The aedeagus is a long, slender, gooseneck tube covered on basa!
third by the more sclerotized, sleevelike theca. The dorsal part of
the latter is extended caudad as a pointed flap which does not quite
reach to apex of aedeagus. No sclerotized hooks of the aedeagus are
visible, but one is visible through the wall of the theca.
Comparative notes. This is one of the broader-winged species in
the group, each tegmen at its greatest width being about two and
three-fourths times longer than wide, while in angustata it is about
two and one-half times longer than wide. In color it resembles D.
falcata Van Duzee, but is separated from that species by the much
broader tegmina.
Notes on distribution and types. Described from two specimens,
holotype male and allotype female, taken at San Antonio Canyons,
California, on August 4, 1938, by R. H. Beamer. Types are in the
Snow Entomological Museum at the University of Kansas.
O4 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Dictydea intermedia Uhler, 1889
Uhler, P. R. New Genera and Species of American Homoptera. Transactions Maryland
Academy of Sciences, Vol. I, p. 38, 1889.
Van Duzes, E. P. The Genus Dictydea Uhler (Homoptera, Issidae). Pan-Pacific Ento-
mologist, Vol. XIV, No. 1, pp. 33-35.
Comparative notes. This species was described from three fe-
males, of which the length was given as 5-6 mm., and the width
across pronotum as 1.75mm. The length of the males is around 4 to
4.6 mm., and the width of pronotum 1.6 mm.
The main distinguishing features of this species are that the lateral
margins of frons are slightly convergent; the costal margin of tegmen
is slightly convex behind tip of clavus; the vein Se, and R usually
branches at middle and M at middle or slightly posterior and the
color pattern of tegmen is as follows: Ground color black piceous,
with a large hyaline triangular spot spreading across the clavus upon
the adjoining cells of corium, a band of the same color transversely
crosses the corium behind tip of clavus, a similarly colored spot
curves near the apex and the flattened border all around the wing
cover is interruptedly brown and hyaline.
Male genitalia. Anal flap elongate, the ventral margin expanded
only one-third of the total length, at apex only slightly concave. The
eleventh segment is not visible except for fingerlike stylus.
Each harpago in flattened lateral view narrowed at base, greatly
expanded across apex, its apical dorsal region extended into a slender.
shghtly cephalad curving hook, bearing just back of middle along
dorsal margin two short hooks, a much shorter stout inner one and a
slightly longer external one which curves downward and slightly
cephalad.
The aedeagal structure is asymmetrical. From the left side the
theea covers the basal third of the aedeagus like a membranous
sleeve, then splits along the side, the ventral part then forming a
bluntly pointed flap reaching only halfway of the total structure,
the dorsal part extended caudad into a long, sharply pointed flap
which is as long as the aedeagus itself. The exposed part of aedeagus
between the split theea is tubular, ending in a sharply pointed spine
and bearing in ail four sclerotized processes, two located on the left
side at the place where the theca is notched, and a small one near
tip. On the right side is a larger, recurved process attached approxi-
mately at middle and extending to base of apical third of aedeagus.
Notes on distribution. Uhler gives the type locality as Los An-
veles, California. The writer had a few specimens for study from
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 95
the following places in California: Saugus, Mint Canyon, Big Bear
Lake and Cajon.
Professor E. P. Van Duzee (1988) states that this species is a
common species in Mint Canyon on the holly-leaved cherry, Prunus
illicifolia.
Dictydea uhleri n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Male, from apex of head to tip of tegmen, 4.7 mm. Greatest
width of tegmen, 1.2 mm. Width across pronotum, 1.4 mm.
Color. Ground color fuscous brown. Vertex with a faint median
streak and each lateroposterior corner yellow. Eyes gray-brown,
head back of them yellow. Frons yellow, washed in longitudina!
streaks of brown, a broad uninterrupted one on each side of median
earina, and another mesad of each lateral carina which is interrupted
lengthwise through middle by yellow spots. Postelypeus yellow with
oblique brown stripes at side, anteclypeus yellow through middle,
darker at sides. Gena yellow, a spot before antenna, and another
before the eyes brown. Pronotum uniform brown except for a nar-
row median line of yellow and the yellow elevated margins which
again are dark brown on extreme edge. Disk of mesonotum brown,
erossed by a median longitudinal yellow line, rest yellow. Under-
side of body cream yellow, becoming slightly darker on disks of the
thoracic sclerites and at sides of the abdominal terga and tip of male
harpagones; a few round, dark spots at sides of first few abdominal!
sterna. Coxae yellow, infuscated with brown, rest of segments dark
brown with carina or longitudinal streaks yellow. Tegmina uniform
fuscous brown except for the entire border, which is yellowish-white
crossed by numerous dark veinlets or broader dark bands, a small
white spot on corium just inside of apex of clavus, a larger triangular
area of several semiopaque white cells on corium just posterior to
apex of clavus.
Structural details. This is a small, narrow-winged species. Ver-
tex narrower than in several species, its anterior margin only twice
wider than one lateral margin or four times its length through mid-
dle. Frons narrow, lateral margin one-third longer than its basal or
posterior margin, its length through middle equal to length of elyp-
eus, median carina sharp and complete for length of frons, the two
lateral margins more or less parallel and greatly elevated. Pronotum
roundingly produced between the eyes, not quite to the anterior mar-
zin of eye, the margins moderately elevated, behind eve reduced to
a characteristically narrow rim. Mesonotum depressed considerably
through middle, so that lateral areas and apical third are elevated
96 THE UNIvErsITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
somewhat kneblike. Tegmina narrow, being about three and one-
half times longer than greatest width, which is at base of apical!
third, not much slope to the costal margin of tegmen in situ since the
latter and claval margins are subparallel. Longitudinal veins, thick
and conspicuous, branching as follows: Vein Se and R branching
posterior to middle and vein M considerably anterior to middle.
Comparative notes. This species is easily distinguished structur-
ally from other species by the width of the tegmina, being not as
narrow as falcata and variegata nor as wide as the remaining species.
It has a narrower vertex proportionally than the majority, has the
pronotum much more reduced behind eyes, and a more elongate
frons. In color the species is differentiated by the color pattern of
the tegmina as can be noted by reading the descriptions of these
structures for the various species or by looking at the drawings.
Notes on distribution. This species was described from one male
specimen in the National Museum collection, designated P. R. Uhler
collection on a printed label, above which is an ink label, bearing an
illegible abbreviation Los Ang., which the writer has interpreted to
be Los Angeles. No date is given for the specimen. Holotype speci-
men in the National Museum Collection.
THe Genus Ospornia Ball, 1910
Ball, E. D. New Genera and Species of Issidae. Proc. Biol. Soc. of Washington XXIII,
pp. 41-46.
Comparative notes. The distinctive features of this genus are the
ovate, abbreviated tegmina, the elevated and triangularly extended,
anterior margin and deeply concave disk of the vertex, the strongly
inflated clypeus, tricarinate mesonotum, very rudimentary wings and
posterior tibiae with one or two spines.
Wing venation. The venation in this genus is reduced. Vein Se,
is not distinct. Veins Se,, R, M, and Cu, are all single veins arising
from the usual basal cell. Vein Cu, is found in the claval suture.
First and second A united at tip to form the usual y. The rest of the
tegmen is traversed by an irregular network of fainter veins.
IKEY TO SPECIES
1% Lateral carinae of vertex and frons meeting above eyes in an acute earlike horn,
with anterior margin of vertex emarginate; much abbreviated truncate
tegmina, exposing half the abdomen or more.. .. Osbornia cornuta Ball, p. 97
Vertex angularly produced cephalad, lateral angles above eyes not unusually
produced; tegmina somewhat abbreviated, but not exposing more than two
or, three. abdominal segments; cscrajeusitin crcisiet> havnt velenereh eects tether rien 2
2. (1) Body and tegmina yellow to green with fuscous markings usually only around
apical margin of tegmen, sometimes a median brown band on pronotum
and claval margin fuscous.......... Osbornia arborea var. arborea Ball, p. 98
Body and tegmina mostly fuscous or yellow with strong fuscous markings on
ffctors eV ho pean ice Cacatnd DO LA OUD Coc Osbornia arborea var. fusca Doering, p. 99
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 97
Osbornia cornuta Ball, 1910
Ball, E. D. New Genera and Species of Issidae. Proc. Biol. Soc. of Washington XXIII,
pp. 41-46.
Comparative notes. The distinctive features of this species are
the acute outer angles of the vertex which are extended earlike above
the eyes; the much abbreviated tegmina which are not much longer
than broad, and roundingly truncate at apex, expose at least half
the abdominal segments and are usually slightly separated by the
elevated abdomen; the somewhat compressed abdomen, most seg-
ments of which have distinct tuberculate median elevations.
The general body color of cornuta is dark brown, speckled and
banded with light or reddish-yellow and for the tegmina light with
veins and splotches darker.
This species when captured has very frequently already lost its
wings or very soon does so after being taken in the net. For this
reason many specimens in collections are wingless.
Male genitalia. Anal flap (10th abdominal segment) broad,
parallel-margined for two-thirds its length, then tapering to a trun-
cate apex. Eleventh segment typically reduced, bearing a long,
slender genital stylus.
Harpagones (genital styli of authors) visible externally as two,
long, tapering plates, whose inner margins are adjoined, and very
little of abdomen showing beyond their apices. Each harpago as
viewed from a flattened lateral view is rectangular and has its ex-
treme dorsocaudal angle prolonged cephalad into a sharply pointed,
recurved hook at the base of which is a flat, triangular, external
hook. (See drawing 3a, plate XV.)
The aedeagus is asymmetrical. From the left side it appears as
a long, slender, roundingly curved tube, partially membranous, bear-
ing at apical seventh a long caudad-projecting spine and near its
base a pointed, heavily sclerotized hook, which shows only halfway
beyond the thecal margin. On the right side the aedeagus shows an
external, slender, pointed hook attached just slightly caudad of
middle. The theca is membranous and therefore difficult to trace.
It covers the basal fourth of the aedeagus as a tube, then on the
left side has its caudal margin somewhat broadly notched through
upper middle to allow the aedeagal hook to show, its margin ventrad
of the notch prolonged caudad into a slenderly tapering, curved
process and dorsad of notch as a short, blunt process. On the right
side the ventrocaudal angle of the theca projects caudad as slightly
7—2181
98 THe University Science BULLETIN
t
curved, pointed process, whose apex reaches to a point midway of
the length of the aedeagus.
Notes on distribution. Doctor Ball described the species from 12
examples taken at St. George, Utah and Mojave, California. A
large series is found in the Snow Entomological Collection, Uni-
versity of Kansas, collected by Dr. R. H. Beamer, from Mojave and
Palmdale, California, in July, and two specimens from El Paso
county, Texas, in July.
Osbornia arborea Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. Some New Issidae with Notes on Others. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. XXX, p. 38.
Comparative notes. Resembling cornuta Ball in size and general
body form. It differs from cornuta by not having the prolonged
angles of vertex above the eyes, by its anterior margin of vertex
triangularly produced cephalad, and by having much longer tegmina
which in this species cover all but the last two or three apical seg-
ments of the abdomen, but in cornuta only the first two or three
basal ones.
Other easily recognized characteristics are the uniform yellow and
green color and the transverse depression through middle of tegmina.
Male genitalia. Anal flap (10th abdominal segment) a broad
parallel-margined flap which tapers to a slightly emarginate, trun-
cate apex. Eleventh segment not easily visible externally, bearing
a short genital stylus.
Harpagones (genital styli of authors) visible externally as two
pointed, slender plates, whose length is about three and one-half
times their width. Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral
view appears pear-shaped, but with its dorsocaudal angle prolonged
dorsad as a broad, flat extension which is roundingly emarginate at
its apex. At the base of this extension is a triangular, flat, external
hook whose apex is directed ventrad.
The aedeagus in this species is a curved semisclerotized tube with
more of a bend in it than in cornuta. It is asymmetrical. On the
left side it bears a short, thick, spinelike process near its apex and
two others attached near base, the dorsal one of which is the longer,
broader as it emerges from the theca and at the end forming a
slender curved hook, both hooks covered at base by the theca. On
the right side it is spineless. The theca is a semimembranous tube
embracing about one-half of the aedeagus at base and which on the
right side is truncate at its posterior end. On the left side the theca
splits along the ventral side, allowing the aedeagus to emerge be-
tween the folds.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 99
Notes on distribution. Doctor Ball described the species from
about fifteen specimens taken at Patagonia, Arizona, on juniper.
In the Snow Entomological Collection at the University of Kansas
is a large series taken by R. H. Beamer in July and August at Red
Lake, Santa Rita Mountains, Coconimo county and Oak Creek
Canyon in Arizona, and several specimens from Tucumcari, New
Mexico. Mr. E. W. Davis took two specimens from St. George,
Utah in August.
Osborna arborea var. fusca
In its extreme color phase this variety is entirely fuscous bordered
with black. Vertex smoky brown, except a median line and lateral
margins creamy yellow to green. Eyes gray, washed in brown.
Frons uniform fuscous except each laterobasal corner and a longer
spot on each apical-lateral corner which is light yellow to green and
a vertical row of small, dark, brown dots, usually in pairs extend-
ing the full length of the disk on each side of the lateral carinae.
Clypeus light brown except dark, oblique lines across disk, a spot
at the basolateral angle and the extreme lateral margin light.
Labrum fuscous. Genae around eyes fuscous, below antennae green-
ish-yellow. Antennae fuscous. Pronotum from above dark fuscous
except for a light spot back of eye in which are found a number of
very round, uniform-sized brown dots, pleural flaps of pronotum
greenish-yellow through middle, anterior and ventral margins brown-
ish. Mesonotum dark brown, with a faint, ight band indicated on
each side and the extreme apex light. Tegmina shining brown to
almost black, except for somewhat fainter indistinct spots at wing
base, a transverse band just anterior to middle, and a roundish spot
across apical dorsal cells. Dorsum of abdomen dark brown except
for median lighter band, a broader one under the tegmina. Venters
of thorax and abdomen blackish-brown, the pleural sclerites hght
green in sharp contrast. External genitalia of male brown with
margins lighter. Female lighter than male. Tegmen yellow with
clavus bordered in black, black splotches across middle of corium
and apical margins black, a broad band of light across abdominal
venters and most of ovipositor valves yellow, edged in black.
Some specimens of true arborea approach in color the females of
fusca by having faint touches of dark on pronotum and border of
corium. These, however, usually lack a spot across middle of corium
and the black is not so pronounced.
Location of types. Holotype male, collected at Las Vegas, N.
Mex., July 18, 1936, allotype female, same place and date, by R. H.
100 Tue UnNIversiry ScIENCE BULLETIN
Beamer. Two paratype males, same date. Two paratype males,
although lighter in color, from Tucumeari, N. Mex., collected by
R. H. Beamer, June 23, 1929. Doctor Beamer states that these
specimens were taken from juniper. These types are in the Snow
Entomological Collection at the University of Kansas.
THe GENUS BRUCHOMORPHA
Newman, Edward. Ent. Mag. V, p. 399, 1838.
Stal, Carolus. Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterum formae et species. Berl. Ent. Zeit.
VI, p. 310, 1862.
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 38;
139-230. 1923.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149. 1926.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae) Bull. Brook. Ent.
Soc. XXX, Nos., pp. 197-203. 1935.
Comparative notes. Head broad, the vertex approximately six
times wider than its greatest length, the frons extended forward,
sloping, from above triangular, bearing a less pronounced median
carina, usually two well-pronounced lateral carinae which form an
ovate or top-shaped central tablet between, the extreme lateral
margins of frons elevated carina-like forming a sharp shelf over
the genae. Postelypeus elongated, extended forward and parallel
to body, together with the extended frons making up the so-called
frontal process. Pronotum with anterior margin roundingly pro-
duced between eyes, posterior margin only shallowly emarginate,
at sides behind eyes so greatly reduced as to be practically hidden
by eyes, then again expanding platelike at sides, around eyes and
posterior to gena so that each gena is a deep pocket in which are
located the antennae. Mesonotum is broad, triangular, with a me-
dian carina and two lateral, slightly converging carinae usually
indicated. Tegmina usually brachyterous, occasionally macropter-
ous forms in some species, snugly fitting but not covering abdomen,
parallel at sides, cut off straight behind with the terminal corners
rounded, parchmentlike, thickly reticulate venation. Hind wings of
macropterous forms present and large although shorter than tegmina;
entirely lacking in brachypterous forms. Abdomen globose, nar-
rowed behind into a blunt tip. Legs short, hind tibiae with one
spine.
Macropterous forms
Long-winged individuals have been found in collections for five
species in this genus. In these five they are very rare. In a series
of several hundred specimens of B. oculata two specimens only
were found, in a large series of B. keidensia only one, and only one
DorERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 101
each in B. nodosa and B. pallidipes. The writer did not have any
specimens of B. vittata for study.
In all cases the nasal process and general coloring of body were
identical in both brachyterous and macropterous forms, so that the
species can be identified in the usual ways. In addition there seems
to be specific differences in the color of the wings and slightly in the
venation. B. oculata and B. keidensia both have fuscous front and
hind wings, with very heavy dark-brown veins. The former tends
to have a tendency of the veins of front wing, branching more than
in keidensia although since the two wings of the same individual
were different this cannot be relied upon as a distinguishing char-
acteristic.
B. pallidipes had pale-colored wings, with less heavy, light-yellow
veins. B. nodosa had fuscous or dark brown front wings and milky
white hind wings with brown veins. This specimen was broken too
badly to draw.
The venation of B. oculata, B. keidensia, and B. pallidipes is
shown in the figures on plate X XI.
HISTORY OF THE GENUS
Newman described the genus and the species oculata in 1838.
Fitch, in 1856, described dorsata. Stal, in 1862, described the fol-
lowing five species jocosa, pallidipes, tristis, nasuta and flavo-vittata.
Through the courtesy of Mr. China of the British Museum and
Doctor Lundblad of the Stockholm Museum, it seems quite certain
that nasuta is a synonym of oculata Newman and, agreeing with
Doctor Ball’s opinion, the writer believes flavo-vittata to be a
synonym of dorsata Fitch. In 1906 Melichar added sutwralis, in
1907 Kirkaldy added mormo. This brought the genus down to the
year 1923 when the first extensive account of the genus was made
by Metcalf. In the Fulgoridae of Eastern United States Metcalf
gives a key to twelve species of Bruchomorpha, five of which he
describes as new. These five were vittata, bicolor, minima, rugosa
and decorata. Doctor Ball and the present writer believe that
bicolor is a synonym of vittata. In 1928, in his paper entitled the
“Fulgoridae of Mississippi,’ Dozier gives a key to eleven species
of which one, bimaculata, is described as new. Again this species
has been placed in synonymy with jocosa by Doctor Ball and the
present writer. In 1935 Dr. E. D. Ball published a revision of the
genus. In his key and notes he lists eleven species, of which
triunata is described as new. In addition to the synonymy given
above he places minima Metcalf as a synonym of mormo Kirkaldy,
102 THe UnNIversiry ScieNcE BULLETIN
nasuta Stal as a color variety of oculata Newman, and he describes
two new color varieties of jocosa Stal and three new color varieties of
oculata Newman, two of which, namely abrwpta and extensa the
present writer believes to be good species. The present writer, after
many years of study of the genus, believes in the validity of four-
teen older species, to which is being added six new species, making
a total of twenty species in the U. 8S. North of Mexico at the
present time known to collections.
Key To SPECIES
Is As viewed from above head extending anteriorly beyond eye a distance equal or
greater than the length of eye itself; nasal process distinctly pronounced, 2
As viewed from above head extending anteriorly a distance less than length
of eye; nasal process moderately or not greatly produced.............. 13
2. (1) From a side view length of postclypeus approximately equal to or only slightly
longer than width of frontal process at a point in line with apex of frons, 3
Length of postclypeus at least one-third to three-fourths greater than width
of | frontal “process its evs. = otosois ene ahs sales Clo tete tes le rctore) cs eo eRe ren 4
3. (2) Front in profile slightly elevated before apex; ventral margin of postclypeus
straight; black with yellow stripe to end of tegmina; legs black.
B. suturalis Melichar, p. 103
Front not elevated before apex; ventral margin slightly concave; stripe to end
of ‘tegmina;: yellow segs {yisthrsyencleicorroeittsicictanden B. beameri n. sp., p. 106
4. (2) Nasal process very narrow, truncate; ventral margin of postclypeus straight;
a yellow species with two lateral longitudinal dark stripes.
B. vittata Metcalf, p. 107
Nasal process rounded across apex; ventral margin of postclypeus concave;
mostly dark species with sometimes a median light stripe.............. 5
5. (4) Nasal process viewed from above centrally compressed; lateral carinae sinuate;
frontal:tablet\ narrow. Avts.certu aie ethicke oot ithe nit ne hh RO nie 6
Nasal process viewed from above not compressed; lateral carinae not sinuate;
frontal“tablet broader’ ).5..2.c\s:s-<i01- w iolersestoconke eet ek aie telale aia/oeseie oR eer 9
6. (5) Nasal process bulbous, very long; length of postclypeus not quite twice greater
than width of nasal process just anterior to apex of frons; lateral carinae
of frons converging considerably posteriorly to apex of froms........... 7
Nasal process not bulbous, postelypeus only about one-fourth or one-third
longer than width of process at apex of frons; lateral carinae of frons
converging just, before apex. % .tejetcats exe inleileperaleyeierepeien cuete enakec(cteraeaememetonenctels 8
7. (6) Nasal process distinctly bulbous, and rugged; lateral carinae of frons con-
verging considerably before apex at about base of apical fifth; blackish-
brown color; legs yellow, streaked with brown........ B. nodosa n. sp., p. 110
Nasal process not so bulbous, lateral carinae converging at about base of apical
seventh ior eighth.) reddish: in colors:..22)cscieeianidele sd cleine B. rosea n. sp., p. 111
8. (6) Ventral margin of postclypeus deeply concave; nasal process slightly bulbous,
with a distinct slant; a uniform dark species with only a trace of a median
tannish or bronze stripe on head and thorax........ B. oculata Newman, p. 113
Ventral margin of postclypeus only slightly concave, reddish-brown in color;
nasal process not inflated at tip, more truncate across apex; body black with
dorsal yellow stripe fading out on abdomen............ B. abrupta Ball, p. 116
9. (5) Large species, black with a contrasting yellow dorsal stripe extending to apex :
Of Abdomen sy cies arcolarase store ertiete cto relate we Siete nemo inte B. extensa Ball, p. 117
Smaller species, median dorsal stripe if present bronze, or reddish-tan and end-
ing’ before the abd omen). vfs, svessis sueteisiaccrals alcrer Raa eee Neston iets ee 10
10: 109) With syellow. legs® sin.n it ceecioecototemierenaen eon ee B. keidensia n. sp., p. 118
Wath black legs: x assoc de Sis. aunty: crested ornicicte one wrerese oh eantonie ieee ere etita staceers iti
DoeERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 103
11. (10) With ventral margin of postclypeus distinctly concave; light or rusty stripe on
head, thorax and somewhat less across tegmina......... B. bunni n. sp., p. 119
With ventral margin of postclypeus straighter; the light median dorsal band
OniymOnMHeAG anc GOTH eh helen wiclle clic winlejeisin jo lee > ¢ sie sic.e « einiainleleies 12
12. (11) Median dorsal light band narrow, usually only on frons and vertex; body with
lateral margins parallel; venation not so distinct.... B. minima Metcalf, p. 121
Median light band broad, distinct, the same width entirely to end of pronotum;
VENISON VOMVaCIStIL Clit cerestelsicie custsisistorejelehelsiaisl-lehsiels|s)° B. tenebrosa n. sp., p. 122
13. (1) Nasal process short, but very broad, so that the length of the postclypeus is
one-half or less than width of process across apex; genitalia with thecal
Haps) cistiactly, pOWUted aera. oni). oierere w elel= w1-1 re SOIC CIID eho CIRO SIRI II 14
Nasal process short but not so broad; postclypeus in length approximately equal
to process across apex; genitalia with thecal flap rounded posteriorly or
truncate; nervures of tegmina pale or yellow.............e+ee+eeeeee 16
14. (13) Spotted species with ground color light mottled with fuscous or brown; tegmina
COALSElymTeuC ule be miele leleted lokeleielotelel lel crepe iol oasterel ef =v) oketelelel|sPolelphsleie! ol -ielayel el ot «lie 15
A large uniform, iridescent black species; ventilation obscure.. B. tristis Stal, p. 123
jie. (Gk SS eaeleie tise eons pike o clam dle Sob Cod A ORO Cin ca o-OC. OT OOD B. rugosa Metcalf, p. 125
RIOD UStIN SEC ba eectat fone ine rere intave st coetcd oomtoeecwolo’ sveneherenoperste - B. decorata Metcalf, p. 126
16. (13) Small species, being 2 mm. or less in length; black in color or with three white
stripes; frons perpendicular to body so that nasal process across apex is
equal to or less than length of posteclypeus; anteclypeus long, equalling post-
Gkyecuel sta Weayeiin’ “oo enbobanonosoob ooo bSooanHomgsocodeobbooomaude 17
Larger species, females at least over 2 mm. in length; either reddish-brown in
color or black with yellow stripe down middle; postelypeus equalling or
slightly longer than width of nasal process across apex; anteclypeus shorter
UN TWOUENIIEEM odode sakoosuosoaUcUQooCHCdneDdo uD DOD umecneo BAGG 18
17. (16) Frontal tablet very broad, two-thirds as wide as long; body black, legs yellow
AN GsHUSCOUS Mande tive atets ate sero csusteloierenemeseevoneta chek chee! es B. mormo Kirkaldy, p. 127
Frontal tablet elongate, not as wide as long, species with three stripes.
B. triunata Ball, p. 128
18. (16) Uniform reddish-brown color in females and males, with a dark lateral area
on each tegmen, and a conspicuous dark spot on apex of postclypeus.
B. jocosa Stal, p. 129
Uniform black species with a broad dorsal light stripe either on head alone,
head and thorax both, or extending also on abdomen; legs yellow...... 19
19. (18) Shining black, dorsal light stripe extending to tip of abdomen or on it; ventral
margin of postclypeus rounded; length of postclypeus about three-fourths
the width of nasal process and equal to length of anteclypeus.
B. dorsata Fitch, p. 131
Dull black, dorsal light stripe extending merely on head or thorax; ventral
margin of postclypeus slightly concave; postclypeus as long as or longer than
width of nasal process and at least twice longer than anteclypeus.
B. pallidipes Stal, p. 134
Bruchomorpha suturalis Melichar, 1906
Melichar, Leopold. Abh. k. k. Zodl. Bot. Ges. Wiener, p. 24. 1906.
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 38,
pp. 139-230. 1923.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149. 1928.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha (Fulgoridae-Homoptera). Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.
XXX, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Der B. dorsata Fitch ahnlich, jedoch kleiner und nur dadwich
verschieden dass her hellgelbe Mittelstreipen sich nicht auf den
hinterleibsriicken fortsetzt, der Hinterleib ist daher schwarz, glan-
zend, hochstene treten zwei kleine hellgelbliche Lingsotriche auf
MeN Gs
104 THe UnNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
de mersten von den Deckfliigeln nicht bedeckten Riickensegmente
als Fortsetzung des Mittelstreifens. Die hiiften und Beine beim
¢@ rotlichgelb, beim ¢@ pechbraun. Die Schienen zur Spitze und
die Tarsen dunkelbraun. Der unter der Stirne kammartig erhobene
Kiel ist fusserst schwach gebuchtet, fast gerade, die ubrigen Merk-
male wie bei B. dorsata Fitch, vielleicht nur eine varietit von B.
dorsata.
Lange: ¢ 2144 mm., Breite 144 mm., ? 3-344 mm.
Nordamerika: Zwei Exemplare aus Texas und Zalalreiche.
Examplare aus Colorado im Museum in Washington.”
AUTHOR’S DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from apex of head to tip of abdomen, 1.8
mm. to 2.5mm. Greatest width of body, 1mm. to1.4mm. Length
of tegmen, 1 mm. to 1.2 mm.
Color. General color pitch brown with a conspicuous dorsal con-
trasting pale-yellow stripe; this stripe narrowed at apex of frons,
on vertex about one-third of total width, the same width on thorax
as on vertex, again narrowing to half this wide on the combined
claval margins. The abdomen pitch brown, occasionally with a
faint indication of yellow on first abdominal segment, under side
of body pitch brown except less sclerotized areas of thorax and
sometimes the clypeus. Legs, especially of females, dark brown,
sometimes yellow on apical half of coxae and basal half of tibiae.
Structural details. One of the short-nosed species in the genus
with the frons extended cephalad a distance equal to length of one
eye. A median carina present on frons, but less distinct than in
some species; two outwardly curving lateral carinae which meet
the median carina just posterior to apex; a series of round pits pres-
ent between the lateral carinae and eyes, a row of eight just laterad
of each lateral carina and a row of four against the eye. The frontal
suture raised on a slight carina which is not so shelflike as in ocu-
lata. The antennae, therefore, not in such a deep pocket as in that
species. The ventral margin of the postelypeus straight, its length
as measured from anteclypeus to apex approximately equalling
width of frontal process at its apex. Vertex short, about six times
wider than long, transversely concave and with a median carina.
Pronotum characteristic of the genus, practically covered at sides
by the eye, arched forward between eyes for a distance about two-
thirds length of eye, the median carina less distinct than in some
species, each lateral dorsal third covered by approximately twenty-
four round pits; the extreme sides of pronotum extended below eye
mS -
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 105
into the characteristic flap which in this species is distinctly angu-
late on ventral margin and bears two rows of circular pits. Meso-
notum conspicuous, not as broad as in some species, less than twice
wider than long, the median carina less distinct, two sharp laterally
convex, lateral carinae present, laterad of which are numerous
round pits, numbering between 14 and 20. Tegmina rugulose, a
few longitudinal veins elevated more distinctly above the network,
in length extending about three-fifths of the length of the abdomen.
About four abdominal segments visible from above, a distinct
carinae on lateral side of each segment just back of posterior mar-
gin, closely followed by two rows of circular pits.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) tubular at
base, then with posterior ventral margin extended into a roundingly
pointed flap, which is slightly longer than the basal tube. A small
portion only of the eleventh segment visible beyond the dorsal mar-
ein and bearing a short, pointed flap.
Each harpago, as viewed from a flattened lateral view, a rectangu-
lar plate with its basal fifth prolonged cephalad into a slender
pointed handle and its apical two-fifths greatly prolonged as a
sharply pointed process which curves directly cephalad.
The bilaterally symmetrical aedeagal process is characteristic for
the genus. The theca covers the aedeagus through the middle as
a snugly fitting membranous sleeve narrowed at base and with its
ventral median region extended caudad as two truncate flat lobes
which curve slightly cephalad, leaving a notch on each side from
which protrudes a sharply pointed, well-sclerotized aedeagal process.
The well-sclerotized aedeagus is hidden except at base and for this
process mentioned above.
Comparative notes. This species resembles B. minima Metcalf
and B. beamerin. sp. It is easily separated from either by its snub-
nosed appearance, which is due to the frontal process being distinctly
elevated at tip and by having the ventral margin of postelypeus
straight. From B. minima it is furthermore separated by the median
yellow stripe while minima is an entirely black species. From B.
beameri it is separated in color by having black or darkish legs,
while the latter has yellow legs.
Because of its black legs it might easily be confused with B. bunni
and B. tenebrosa. For comparison with those species see notes
under the descriptions of these species.
Notes on distribution. Melichar lists Colorado and Texas as the
type localities. Dozier cites records of specimens taken in North
106 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Carolina and Florida and states that he collected one specimen from
Mississippi. The present writer has studied a series of specimens
taken from the following places; in New Mexico from Portales,
Silver City, Tucumcari, Vaughn, and Santa Fe; Wichita, North
Fork, Oklahoma; Ashford and Flagstaff in Arizona.
Bruchomorpha beameri n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION™
Size. A medium sized species with a medium length nasal process.
Length of body from apex of head to tip of abdomen, 2.4 mm. to
3.3 mm. Greatest width across abdomen, 1.6 mm.
Color. General color metallic black. A conspicuous, cream-
colored median stripe extending across frons, thorax and to tip of
tegmina on which it tends to fade out at apex. Legs of male yellow
except for last segment of tarsi and tips of spines. Legs of female
vellow with basal half of coxae washed in fuscous, and femora and
tibiae striped on each side with reddish-brown.
Structural details. This species has a medium-length nasal exten-
sion. From above the frons extends a distance slightly greater than
length of eye in male and about one and one-half times in female.
A median carina is distinct on frons, pronotum and mesonotum.
Frontal suture less elevated and antennae not so depressed in a
socket as in other species. Ventral margin of postclypeus concave,
its length as measured from anteclypeus to apex only slightly
greater than width of frontal process at a point in line with the
joining of lateral frontal carinae. The elevated lateral boundaries
of head above eye not so shelflike as in oculata. Vertex broad,
about eight times wider than median length. Median carina of
pronotum distinct, pits in each lateral third indistinct, numbering
approximately 19, at sides pronotum entirely superimposed by eye,
below which it broadens into a slightly angulate flap which extends
forward as far as antennae and anterior border of eye. Mesonotum
with a median and two lateral carinae well pronounced, each lateral
third bearing about twelve round pits. Tegmina rugulose, scarcely
any longitudinal veins distinct.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) tubular
at base, then with posterior ventral margin extended into a round-
ingly pointed flap which is about twice longer than the tubular base.
A tubular part of the eleventh segment only visible beyond the
dorsal posterior margin of the tube.
*The writer is especially indebted to Mr. Ralph Bunn of the Bureau of Entomology for
first recognizing this species as new, and who in preliminary manuscript form, which he
bequeathed to the writer, had given this name to the species.
DOERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 107
Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view semicircular
in outline, very broad through middle, and with its apical dorsal
angle extended into a sharply pointed process which is more slender
and shorter than in suturalis.
The bilaterally symmetrical aedeagal process is characteristic for
the genus. The theca covers the aedeagus through the middle as
a snugly fitting membranous sleeve somewhat narrowed at base and
with the ventral median margin extended caudad as two truncate
flat lobes, each of which is as long as the tubular sleeve of the theca.
Between the lateral notch of the thecal process is visible a sclerotized,
slender aedeagal process.
Comparative notes. Superficially this species resembles the B.
dorsata Fitch group, but is separated from that group, which is a
short-nosed group, by its longer nasal process. For comparison with
B. suturalis Mel., which it closely resembles, see the notes under
this heading in the description of that species.
Location of types and distribution. Holotype male and allotype
female, collected by R. H. Beamer at Merritt, B. C., August 3, 1931.
Paratypes from the following places, all collected by R. H. Beamer:
11 females and 9 males from Merritt, B. C., August 3, 1931; Hart-
ney, Man., 2 males on July 31, 1937; Bozeman, Mont., four females
on August 138, 1931; Missoula, Mont., 2 females and one male on
August 11, 1931; Knox, N. Dak., one male and one female, on July
28, 1937; Hamar, N. Dak., 6 females and 6 males on July 27, 1937;
Leonard, N. Dak., one female on July 25, 1987; from Nicolans,
Cal., one female and one male on July 27, 1935; and Cochise, Ariz.,
5 males on July 20, 1927. Mr. Paul Oman collected paratypes at
Bringame, Cal., 2 females and 5 males on June 15, 1935, and C. L.
Johnston 5 females at Hartney, Man., July 31, 1937.
Bruchomorpha vittata Metcalf, 1923
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jr. Elisha Mitchell Soc., p.
186, 1923. Includes B. bicolor Metcalf, 1923, which is the brachypterous form of the species.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149, 1928 as B. bicolor Metcalf.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203.
Comparative notes. In the original description Metcalf states
that this species may be recognized by its shortly produced nasal
process and elongate frons. The writer considers that this is slightly
misleading in that the nasal process, although not as long as the
oculata group, is much longer than the short-nosed group repre-
sented by dorsata. The frons itself is not so greatly lengthened,
being only slightly longer than the length of the eye as viewed froin
108 THE UNIversity SciENCE BULLETIN
above, but the postclypeus is very elongate, its ventral margin be-
ing slightly over twice the length of either the anteclypeus or the
width of the nasal process at apex. A distinctive feature of this
species is the much narrowed nasal process which is distinctly trun-
cate and not rounded at apex as in oculata. Other structural dis-
tinctions are the less elevated frontal sutures so that the genae are
proportionally broader and not deeply sunken, the longer vertex,
which is only four times wider than greatest length and through
middle twice as long as at sides, due to the lateral fourths of the
anterior margin sharply bending caudad, the lack of any well-pro-:
nounced median carina on frons and thorax, two lateral carinae
present on mesonotum, the tegmina smoother with less reticulation
of veins showing than in most species, a faint median carina present
on each anterior abdominal segment.
Coloring distinctive, being a striped species with ground color
yellow and two narrow brown stripes running lengthwise of body.
Notes on distribution. Type locality is Brownsville, Tex. Doctor
Metcalf sent a paratype female to the writer for study, which bore
the label “palm jungle sweepings.” In addition the writer had eight
specimens in all for study, of which seven were from Brownsville
and one from Progress, Tex. Apparently this is an exceedingly rare
species.
Notes on synonymy. Metcalf described B. vittata only from
macropterous forms. These were taken at the same time and place
as B. bicolor Metcalf. Since macropterous forms are comparatively
scarce in either species, it is difficult to get comparisons on this
species. Doctor Ball states that, “All long winged forms have prac-
tically the same dark color, and that they all have much enlarged
mesonotal protuberances and consequently notched pronotums. The
form of the nasal process is, however, distinctive.” He therefore be-
lieves that B. vittata and B. bicolor are long and short-winged forms
of the same species and that since vittata was listed first, the species
becomes vittata with bicolor thrown into synonymy.
In support of this idea is the fact that they were taken together
and that in the original descriptions Metcalf states that they have
elongate fronts, and shortly produced truncate nasal processes. In
comparing macropterous forms of other species the writer has found
that the shape of the nasal process and coloring always follows
closely that of the brachypterous forms. The situation became com-
plicated by the fact that Doctor Metcalf sent the writer a brachyp-
terous female specimen of vittata (hitherto only described from ma-
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 109
cropterous forms) which bears the label Medicine Hat, July, Alta.
24, F. S. Carr. This specimen evidently was subsequently deter-
mined by Doctor Metcalf as this species. It is entirely different in
coloring and body structures from a type specimen of bicolor. Since
it is a moderately long-nosed specimen, the present writer identifies
this specimen as B. beameri n.sp. The original descriptions of
Metealf’s two species are given below.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF B. virTaATA METCALF, 1923
“This species may be recognized by its elongate narrow front,
short, nearly truncate nasal process.
“Vertex rather broad, the lateral margins converging to the inter-
mediate carinae, the anterior margin nearly straight; frons rather
elongate, narrow; the intermediate carinae slightly arched, the nasal
process short, but little produced, nearly truncate anteriorly. Pro-
notum broadly rounded anteriorly, deeply, almost triangularly
emarginate posteriorly. Mesonotum ecarinate, the disk broadly
arched, the scutellar portion flat, produced. Macropterous wings
narrow, elongate.
“Color. General color dull blackish fuscous; eyes grayish-brown;
median frontal stripe evident, extending to the posterior border of
the pronotum. Mesonotum and abdomen paler, median stripe nar-
rower. Macropterous wings smoky hyaline; legs pale yellowish
testaceous; all the femora and fore tibiae washed with brownish
fuscous.
“Length, macropterous form, apex of head to apex of abdomen,
3mm.; apex of wings, 4.20 mm.
“Holotype 9, Brownsville, Tex., 1911. Paratypes 2 9 9,
Brownsville, Tex., 1911. In the collection of Illinois State Lab.
Nat. Hist.”
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF BRUCHOMORPHA BICOLOR METCALF
“This species may be recognized by its shortly produced nasal
process, elongate frons, general pale yellow color and two broad,-
black stripes extending from the apex of the nasal process across the:
eyes to the apex of the abdomen.
“Vertex short, the anterior margin broad, nearly straight; frons
elongate, the intermediate carina broadly arched basally, then con-
verging straight to the apex of the frons; nasal process elongate,
bluntly triangular, the ventral- margin not sinuate. Pronotum
broadly rounding anteriorly, broadly sinuate posteriorly, about
half as long as the mesonotum; disk of the mesonotum broad, the
110 THE UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
lateral carinae evident, the intermediate carina faint; male genital
styles broad at base, gradually narrowed apically, the apex pro-
duced, short triangular teeth directed anteriorly.
“Color. General color pale dull yellow, a broad blackish fuscous
stripe on each side of the body extending from the apex of the nasal
process across the compound eyes, the disk of the wings and then
converging to the apex of the abdomen; meta-pleura black, a nar-
row, black stripe on the lateral ventral margins of the abdomen,
spines and claws of the legs black; genitalia black.
“Length of male, 2mm.; genitalia black.
“Holotype 3g, allotype ¢, paratypes 5 females, Brownsville,
Tex.,-Nov.. 2, 1911.”
Bruchomorpha nodosa n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION™®
Size. Larger than B. oculata New. Length of body from apex
of head to tip of abdomen, 3.29 mm.; width across abdomen, 1.48
mm.
Color. Black with a metallic luster, head and thorax lighter,
somewhat reddish-brown. A rusty-yellow stripe following median
carina from tip of frons, across vertex to margin of mesonotum. Tip
of nasal process black, rest of head at sides and below reddish-
brown in sharp contrast to black body; anteclypeus and beak tan.
Legs yellow and rusty-brown streaked.
Structural details. This species is characterized by the excep-
tionally long nasal process which is unusually inflated through
apical region, giving it a knoblike appearance, and by the arched
dorsal outline of body with the nasal process greatly deflected. As
viewed from above the nasal process extends beyond eyes twice the
length of the eye, approximately halfway of frons, being deeply de-
pressed, and lateral margins conspicuously constricted, making the
frontal plate violin-shaped and lateral carinae converging con-
siderably before apex and about base of apical fifth. Median carina
of frons through depressed area indistinct; carinae of pronotum and
mesonotum distinct. Frontal suture less elevated, antennae not
inserted in a particularly deep pocket. Ventral margin of post-
clypeus deeply concave, to length as measured from anteclypeus to
apex approximately twice the width of frontal process at a point in
line with the joining of the lateral frontal carinae above. Thorax
*The writer is especially indebted to Mr. Ralph Bunn of the Bureau of Entomology for
first recognizing this species as new, and who in preliminary manuscript, which he bequeathed
to the writer, had given this name to the species.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE bala!
and abdomen evenly humped through middle, nasal process and tip
of abdomen distinctly deflected, giving the body as viewed from the
side a more pronounced, half-moon shape than in other species.
Comparative notes. Similar to B. oculata New., but differentiated
by the elongate, inflated and greatly deflected nasal process, which
is conspicuously depressed across middorsal region, and with the
lateral carinae of frons meeting considerably caudad of apex of
nasal process. Usually easily recognized, in addition, by the con-
spicuous red coloring on the ventral head region.
Location of types and notes on distribution. Male holotype taken
at Peeler, Texas, June 26, 1938, by R. H. Beamer, and female allo-
type at Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, August 16, 1938, same col-
lector. The following paratypes taken by R. H. Beamer in Texas;
four females, Peeler, June 26, 1938; three females at Sequin, June
26, 1938; one female at Karnes county, Texas, August 23, 1928; and
one female at Victoria county, Texas, August 1, 1928. Other
paratypes: Four females at Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, August
16, 1928, by R. H. Beamer; and from Kansas, one female, Mont-
gomery county, by Beamer and Lawson, August 3, 1923; one female
in Cowley county, September 11, 1926, by E. P. Breakey; one
female in Chautauqua county, same collector, September 9, 1926;
two females in Phillips county, July 8, 1925, by R. H. Beamer; and
one female, Scott county, August 23, 1928, by R. H. Beamer.
The types are in the Snow Entomological Collection at the Uni-
versity of Kansas.
Bruchomorpha rosea n. sp.
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of abdomen, 2
mm. to 3.2 mm. Greatest width of body as viewed from above,
1mm. to1.mm. Length of tegmen, 1 mm. to 1.2 mm.
Color. A reddish-tan species becoming darker at the sides, in
general color closely resembling jocosa. Frons reddish-tan, lateral
margins and carinae dark brown, an indefinite yellowish median
streak which extends across the thorax where it widens somewhat.
Underside of head reddish-brown with extreme tip of nasal process
black. Eyes dark brown or black. Thorax from above reddish-
brown, washed in fuscous at sides. Tegmina uniform reddish-brown
except mesal margins fading to yellow. Abdominal segments tan-
nish to reddish-brown with posterior margins edged in dark brown.
Legs amber yellow.
Structural characteristics. A long-nosed species with head pro-
duced beyond eye, as viewed from above twice the length of the
113 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
eye. Frons centrally compressed through the middle, a median
carina slightly indicated, two distinct lateral carinae which dis-
tinctly bend inwardly at middle. Nasal process as viewed from the
side long; postclypeus three-fourths to twice the width of the proc-
ess at a point in line with apex of frons, its ventral margin moder-
ately concave. Pronotum from above short, its median length about
two-thirds the length of the eye, laterally reduced behind eyes to a
thin margin, then on sides broadening into spatulate earlike lobes
which cireumscribe the eyes; on each lateral dorsal disk sixteen or
seventeen circular pits. Mesonotum large, about twice as wide as
long, a median carina present and on each lateral disk about twelve
circular pits present. The characteristically abbreviated tegmina
shining semitranslucent, wing venation very obscure, giving only a
pebbled appearance. Abdomen globose, about four segments visible
from above; on the segments which are exposed a lateral carina
indicated just posterior to anterior margin of segment; usually four
round pits present just posterior to the carina.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with a
short, tubular base which is about one-fourth of the total length of
the process. The posterior ventral margin of the tube is expanded
caudad into a roundingly pointed flap. The eleventh segment is
ringlike and is scarcely visible beyond the dorsal posterior margin
of the tube and bears a short dorsal stylus.
Each harpago, as viewed from a flattened lateral view, is some-
what crescent-shaped, broadest through approximate middle, with
its basal part arm-shaped and its apical third greatly lengthened
and projected dorsad as a sharply pointed, slightly recurved hook.
The aedeagus is nearly hidden by the less sclerotized theca, the
latter fitting over the aedeagus through the middle as a tight sleeve
which broadens apically and also has its ventral apical margin ex-
panded caudad as two rounded flaps which bend somewhat dorsad,
thus leaving a notch on each side, from which protrudes a pointed,
slender, well-sclerotized aedeagal hook. ;
Comparative notes. Size and coloring of jocosa Stal, but easily
recognized by its long nasal process as opposed to the very short
one of jocosa. It is easily distinguished from all other species in
the genus by its rosy coloring.
Notes on types and distribution. Holotype g and allotype @ col-
lected by R. H. Beamer at Castroville, Texas, on July 5, 1936. One
other paratype female collected by Paul Oman at Faraway Ranch
in Arizona, June 10, 1933. Thirty-three paratype males collected by
R. H. Beamer from August 2 to 6, 1936, from the following places
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE meg
in Texas: Pecos, Concan, Loyal Valley, Elmendorf, Boerne and
San Antonio. Two paratype males collected in August, 1935, by
R. H. Beamer from Hereford and Cochise counties, Arizona. One
male paratype collected by R. H. Beamer, June 4, 1933, at Tucum-
cari, New Mexico.
The types and most of the paratypes are deposited in the Snow
Entomological Museum, University of Kansas.
Bruchomorpha oculata Newman, 1838
Newman, Edward. Ent. Mag. V, p. 399, 1888.
Stal, Carolus. Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterum formae et species. Berl. Ent. Zeit.
VI, p. 310, 1862. As B. nasuta.
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soe.
38:139-230. 1923. As B. nasuta Stal. ;
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149. 1926. Also includes B. nasuta Stal.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-208. 1935. As B. oculata var. oculata.
REVISED DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of abdomen, 1.8
mm. to 3mm. Greatest width of body as viewed from above, .92
mm.to 1.4mm. Length of tegmen, .9 mm. to 1.2 mm.
Color. A shiny, metallic, black species usually marked with rust.
Frons as viewed from above blackish-brown except for a yellow to
rust median stripe which borders the brown median carina; this
same band and carina continued across vertex and pronotum. Eyes
pitch brown, margined in rust. Clypeal region and posterior part of
gena reddish-yellow in female; in male same pitch brown as rest.
of head. Thorax from above reddish-brown except for median light
stripe and a faint lighter spot on pronotum behind each eye; lateral
sclerites of thorax uniform black brown; membranous ventral parts
yellow. Tegmina blackish-brown with a metallic lustre and a
faintly lighter claval margin. Legs yellow to reddish-brown, washed
in dark, especially near the base of each segment or in the form of
dark, longitudinal bands. Abdomen from beneath pitch brown.
Structural characteristics. One of the moderately long-nosed
species in the genus. As viewed from above the frons is produced
anteriorly one and one-half to twice the length of the eye, its frontal
tablet about two-thirds longer than its greatest width and a dis-
tinct median carina present laterad of which on each is a slightly
less prominent, outwardly curving carina, frequently interrupted or
at least constricted halfway from the apex at which place the frons
is depressed; the frontal sutures forming the lateral boundaries of
the head as viewed from above are elevated on a conspicuous carina
8—2181
114 Tue UNIversiry ScieENcE BULLETIN
which extends shelflike over the gena, thus forming a pocket in
which lies the antenna. The ventral margin of postclypeus is dis-
tinctly concave, its length at this point not quite twice the width of
the nasal process just anterior to apex of frons. The labrum is
abbreviated to a tiny triangular sclerite. Pronotum from above
short, its median length about two-thirds the length of the eye,
laterally so reduced behind the eyes that the posterior margin only
shows at this point; each lateral disk with 16 round pits; on the
extreme sides expanded into broad plates which curve around the
eyes and end at the bases of the antennae and on each lateral plate
a row of four circular pits following the posterior margin. Mesono-
tum large, about twice as wide as long, on each side bearing nine
round pits, a thin median carina present. Tegmina abbreviated,
extending only slightly beyond middle of abdomen. Venation ob-
scure, the whole surface of the tegmen roughened by the indistinct
veins, giving it a pebbled appearance. Abdomen globose, only about
four segments showing from above; on the first few segments a
lateral carina indicated just posterior to anterior margin of segment;
usually three to four pits present just posterior to the carina.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment with ventral margin
extended into a roundingly pointed flap, its length about one-fifth
longer than wide. Eleventh abdominal segment typically ringlike,
only showing a slight distance beyond dorsal margin of the tenth
segment and bearing a long fingerlike stylus.
Each harpago, as viewed from a flattened lateral view, Saba
crescent-shaped, its basal fourth slenderly pointed, the median
region with ventral margin greatly expanded, the apical fourth
curving dorsad as a slenderly pointed elongate hook.
The bilaterally symmetrical aedeagal process is difficult to follow
due to its minute size and the fact that it is covered so completely
by the theca. The theca covers the aedeagus through the middle as
a snugly fitting, membranous sleeve whose ventral margin is ex-
tended caudad into two flat, spatulate processes about equal in
length to the basal collar and having their roundingly pointed
apices directed dorsad. The sclerotized tubular aedeagus is only
visible between the collar and the lobes of the theca. At this point
can be seen the bases of a sclerotized hook which is directed
cephalad under the thecal collar and ends just inside the basal mar-
gin of the theca.
Synonymy. In the literature two species of Bruchomorpha from
northeastern and central United States have always been listed in
keys, namely B. oculata and B. nasuta. With large series of speci-
DOoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE iB)
mens it was always difficult to try to distinguish these two species.
Therefore, the writer endeavored to clear up this situation by
studying the types. Through the efforts of Dr. H. B. Hungerford,
Doctor Lundblad, of the Stockholm Museum, kindly sent the type
of B. nasuta Stal for study. This proved to be the form which has
usually been identified as B. oculata Newman. The writer sent a
close homotype of B.nasuta Stal to Mr.China of the British Museum,
hoping that he would be able to compare it with the oculata type.
After studying the question Mr. China sent the following reply to
the author:
“The type of Bruchomorpha oculata has been lost. It is not in our collec-
tion here nor at Oxford. According to Newman it was originally in the col-
lection of the Entomological Club, but this collection was presented to the
British Museum in 1844, so that the type should be here. I have been unable
to trace it, however. We have under this name a single specimen labeled
Bruchomorpha oculata, but it does not agree with the original description of
oculata and was collected by E. Doubleday at St. Johns Bluff, East Florida,
instead of by Foster at Mount Pleasant, in Ohio, as was Newman’s specimen.
Your specimen labeled B. nasuta agrees very well indeed with Newman’s
description and figures. The lateral carina of frons is pinched in and the
ventral margin of the postclypeus is strongly concave. He describes the colour
as ‘shining greenish bronzy-black,’ which would cover the metallic bluish
black of your specimen since the green and blue metallic colours are inter-
changeable. Bronzy in this description really refers to the metallic sheen and
not to the brown colour of bronze. I should not hesitate in identifying your
B. nasuta as oculata Newman.”
The writer believes, as does Mr. China, that Stal’s nasuta is a
synonym of B. oculata, and many difficulties can be cleared up with
this solution. Metecalf’s (1923) drawing of B. nasuta is correct for
this species. It is not plain what his B. oculata is. Dozier’s de-
scription of B. oculata is correct for this species. No specimens have
shown up for his B. nasuta Stal as a distinct thing from B. oculata.
Comparative notes. This species resembles B. nodosa n. sp., B.
minima Metcalf and B. abrupta Ball more than other species in the
genus. For comparison with nodosa see the notes under this head-
ing in the description of that species. From minima it is easily
separated by having light colored legs instead of black ones as in
minima.
For comparison with abrupta see notes in the description of that
species.
Notes on distribution. Dozier (1926) states that this is the most
common species of the United States, being widely distributed both
in Canada and the United States. The writer has studied speci-
mens from the following places: New Haven, Connecticut; Gary,
116 Tue UNIversity ScreENcE BULLETIN
Indiana; Douglas county, Kansas; Naples, Maine; Thompson and
Cedar River, Michigan; Cooley, Caso Lake and Shevlin, Minnesota;
Columbus, Mississippi; Bretton Woods, Notchland, Crawford Notch
and Bath, New Hampshire; Erie, Pennsylvania; Windsor, Vermont;
Brule and Luxemburg, Wisconsin.
Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203, as B. oculata var. abrupta.
Comparative notes. Doctor Ball described this species merely as
a variety of the species oculata Newman. He states that this species
has nearly the form of nasuta Stal (beameri n. sp. in this paper),
but is larger, with a narrower, rounder nasal protuberance. In his
key he separates this from B. oculata var. oculata by having a black
body with a broad, white dorsal stripe, but in his description states
that the stripe is definite but narrower and reddish, often not ex-
tending onto the abdomen.
The writer finds that this species more closely resembles B. oculata
Stal than any other. From this species it is separated by having the
nasal process more truncate and broader at apex at a point in line
with end of frons while in oculata the end of the process is more
sloping. The characteristic white stripe which Ball describes is not
so apparent in the specimens which the writer studied. The dorsal
stripe was more often, at least for the females, more dusky cream to
rust, as in oculata, than white. It can be told, however, from oculata
in color by having the postelypeus reddish-brown and the general
body color being dull black rather than shining bluish-black, and
also the dorsal stripe is much more in evidence than in oculata.
The size of the females from apex of head to apex of abdomen is
about 2.8mm. to 3mm.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) tubular at
base then extended on its ventral side into a roundingly pointed flap
which is not quite twice as long as the tube. The stylus of the
eleventh segment is a fingerlike projection extending beyond the
dorsal margin of the tube.
Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view is broadest
through the middle where its ventral margin is greatly curved. The
basal third forms a slender arm and the apex is extended dorsad as
a sharply curved, serrate and finely pointed process.
The aedeagus is typical for the genus. The theca covers the
aedeagus itself through the middle as a tight membranous sleeve,
DoERING: Z,THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE a Er
then on its ventral margin projects caudad as two roundingly spatu-
late processes which curve dorsad so that their dorsal margins are
in line with the thecal margin.
Notes on distribution. Doctor Ball described the holotype ¢ ,
allotype g¢ and eight paratypes from Sanford, Florida. He states
that this is a fairly common summer form in the gulf region.
The writer studied specimens from Beeville, Castroville, Pecos,
Alice, San Antonio and Boerne, Texas, and a few from Elmendorf,
New Mexico.
Bruchomorpha extensa Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soe. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203 as B. oculata var. extensa.
Comparative notes. Doctor Ball considered this merely as a
variety of oculata. It is easily distinguished from this species, as
he pointed out, however, by its larger size, the more foliaceous nasal
process and the broad, creamy dorsal stripe which extends from apex
of frons to apex of abdomen.
This species measures 2.8 mm. to 4 mm. in length from apex of
head to apex of abdomen in females and 2.8 mm. for males.
The present writer considers that this species superficially re-
sembles B. dorsata Fitch more than it does oculata because of the
presence of the broad, creamy dorsal stripe. On closer examination
it is easily distinguished from dorsata because the latter has an
abbreviated nasal process.
Male genitalia. The tenth abdominal segment is very small,
scarcely visible beyond the ninth segment. Each harpago as viewed
from a flattened lateral view is broadest through the middle where
its ventral margin is greatly curved. The basal third tapers to a
bluntly pointed base. The dorsoapical angle is extended dorsad as
a long slender, curved, sharply pointed process.
The aedeagus is the typical type for the genus. The theca
covers the aedeagus through the middle as a tight sleeve, then is
extended on the ventral apical region into two flat, spatulate lobes
whose width is greater than their length.
Notes on distribution. Doctor Ball’s type locality for the female
was Granite Dell, Arizona, and for the male Ashfork, Arizona. He
states that this species is found sparingly in the Gulf region and
extends through to southern California and north into Utah.
The present writer studied specimens from Pecos, Castroville,
Alice, Boerne and San Antonio, Texas, and from Elmendorf, New
Mexico.
118 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from apex of head to apex of abdomen,
9 2.8 mm. and g 2.2 mm.; greatest width of body, 9 1.6 mm.
and g¢ 1.1mm; length of tegmen, 9 1.2mm.and ¢ 1.2mm.
Color. A black species similar to B. oculata in general color
characteristics. From above all black, this black dull, brownish-
black rather than the blue-black or bronze tone of oculata, except
for a well-pronounced median stripe of yellowish-tan, starting on the
frontal tablet, extending across thorax and somewhat indicated on
the median margins of the tegmina, occasionally the stripe a duller
reddish-brown or even almost lacking. Underside dark except
postelypeus and legs, which are yellow, occasionally washed in
fuscous.
Structural details. General appearance similar to B. oculata
Newman. From above head protruding beyond eyes about one and
one-half times the length of eye. Vertex depressed, exceedingly
broad, about eight times wider than length. Frons from above with
distinct median carina present and two distinct lateral carinae which
are straight, not constricted through middle and frons not depressed
as in oculata; the frontal tablet only approximately one-third longer
than its greatest width. From side view nasal process long, the
lateral carinae converging just posterior to apex, at this point the
dorsal margin sloping downward, giving a narrowed look to apex
not found in oculata. Ventral margin of postelypeus angulately
concave, its length about twice the length of the anteclypeus. Pro-
notum and mesonotum with a distinct median carina, latter with
additional pair of curved lateral carinae, the characteristic round
pits on lateral disks of both segments. Tegmina with venation en-
tirely obscured, heavily rugulose, in the female extending only
slightly beyond the middle of abdomen, in the male a little longer.
Abdomen characteristically globose, only about four segments visi-
ble from above; on the exposed segments, a carina indicated on each
side, closely followed by a row of circular pits which usually con-
sists of four or five by the median half of the carina and one or
two at the extreme lateral edge.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with ven-
tral margin extended into a roundingly pointed flap, the whole
structure about twice longer than wide. Eleventh segment showing
ubout the usual length beyond the dorsal edge of the tenth segment.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 119
The shape of the harpago and the aedeagal structure with the
slight variations and ways they differ from B. oculata and related
forms can best be studied by looking at the drawings of these struc-
tures.
Comparative notes. ‘This species resembles B. oculata and B.
bunni more than any other species in the genus. In color it differs
from oculata by being a dull brown-black rather than metallic blu-
ish or copper-black and by having usually a well-pronounced me-
dian yellow-tan stripe across frons, thorax, and even on to the teg-
mina. In oculata this stripe is scarcely ever extended on to the
mesonotum. Structurally it is distinguished in the following ways:
The frontal process is narrowed due to the apical dorsal margin
sloping more abruptly than in oculata; the lateral frontal carinae
are not sinuate, the frons is not depressed and the frontal tablet is
only approximately one-third longer than its greatest width while
in oculata it is two-thirds or more.
For comparison with bunni see the discussion under this heading
in the description of that species.
Types and distribution. Male holotype and female allotype col-
lected by R. H. Beamer on August 8, 1937, at Keid, Manitoba. A
series of thirty-five paratypes, both males and females, taken by
R. H. Beamer and C. L. Johnston, same place, and a series of
thirty, both sexes, taken by same parties at Mafeking, Manitoba, on
August 3, 1938.
Bruchomorpha bunni n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body, 2.4 mm. to 3.2 mm.; width of abdomen, 1.1
mm. to 1.7 mm.
Color. Entire body and legs jet black, shiny with a metallic
luster, except for a narrow, rusty-yellow stripe extending from just
back of the apex of the frons, across the vertex, pronotum and meso-
notum and continued as a very faint line across the inner margin of
the elytra.
Structural details. Nasal process of median length. From a dor-
sal view, head extending beyond eye a distance equal to length of
eye. Lateral carinae of frons not sinuate, shape of frons top-shaped.
Median carina of frons, pronotum and mesonotum distinct. Tip of
nasal process somewhat narrowed at apex, not extended beyond
point where lateral carinae of frons converge. At this point the
width of the frons is two-thirds the length of the ventral margin of
120 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
the postelypeus. Postelypeus deeply concave. Tegmina moderately
long, no distinct longitudinal veins or cells, the entire surface
pebbled.
Male genitalia. Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral
view with both dorsal and ventral margins greatly curved out-
wardly, giving it a bulbous appearance, the apical dorsal angle ex-
tended into the usual sharply pointed recurved process, which is
comparatively shorter than in many species.
The aedeagal structure is typical for the genus with the sleeve
of the theca in this case almost square and the extended ventral
flaps likewise subequal in length and width. The aedeagus bears
two distinct, sharply pointed processes which are exposed through
the narrow slit between the theca process and the thecal flap.
Comparative notes. A black species with median rusty stripe ex-
tending on to abdomen, usually to apex. Size: Length of body,
2.4 mm. to 3.2 mm.; width, 1.1 to 1.7 mm.
This species is similar in coloring and superficial appearance to
the following species: B. oculata, B. keidensia, B. tenebrosa, B.
minima and B. suturalis. From oculata it is distinguished by having
black legs instead of yellow or light brown and by the carinae of the
frons being straight instead of sinuate.
From keidensia it is separated again by its black legs.
From tenebrosa it is separated by the less distinct venation and
rugose tegmina and by having the ventral margin of the postclypeus
more concave.
From minima it is separated by its larger size, the median light
stripe extending on to abdomen, its concave ventral margin of post-
clypeus and its body not so parallel-sided.
From suturalis it is easily distinguished by lacking the broad,
turned-up nasal process of that species.
Location of types. Holotype male, taken at Grand Canyon,
Arizona, on August 11, 1927, by R. H. Beamer; allotype female,
Grand Canyon, August 11, 1927, by P. A. Readio. Two female
paratypes and nine male paratypes, same data. One female para-
type collected in Cochise county, Arizona, by R. H. Beamer, July
20, 1927, and one male at Taos, Taos county, New Mexico, by R. H.
Beamer, August 20, 1927.
The types are in Snow Entomological Collection at the University
of Kansas.
Nore.—This species has been named in honor of Mr. Ralph Bunn, who for
several years was interested in the revision of this genus. Although Mr. Bunn
was unable to complete his studies due to pressing duties in other fields, he
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAB 121
made a valuable contribution to the present work by recognizing four new
species for which he gave manuscript names, as has been pointed out elsewhere
in this paper. The present writer is indebted to Mr. Bunn for turning over
entirely for use in this paper all the data which he had completed to date.
Bruchomorpha minima Metcalf, 1923
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jr. of Elisha Mitchell Soc.,
p. 187.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203, 1935. As B. mormo Kirkaldy.
Comparative notes. A small, black species measuring from 1.9
mm. to 2.4mm. in length and .93 mm. to 1.33 mm. in width across
abdomen. This species very closely resembles B. oculata Newman.
The two species are about the same size in actual measurements al-
though in looking at a long series of both species B. oculata tends to
run larger. In color B. minima is one of the darkest species in the
genus, being entirely black with black legs, except occasionally a
rusty stripe on frons and thorax. It closely resembles B. oculata in
coloring and size, being separated mainly from the latter by having
black legs instead of yellow. It closely resembles B. bunni, but is
separated from it by lacking the distinct median yellowish-red stripe
and by its narrower frontal process. The postclypeus in minima and
oculata is one-third longer than the frontal process across apex in
line with apex of frons, while in bunni, it is less than this. This
species superficially resembles B. mormo Kirkaldy, but is separated
very readily from that species by its much longer nasal process.
It also might be confused with B. sutwralis and B. tenebrosa.. For
comparison with these species see notes under this heading in the
descriptions of these species.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment extended into a short
but pointed flap; the whole segment being about equal in length and
width. The eleventh segment scarcely visible beyond the tenth and
bearing a short, blunt stylus.
Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view roughly
crescent-shaped, its basal fourth prolonged into a slender fourth,
the median region roughly rectangular, the apical fourth extended
dorsad as a sharply pointed, slender hook which is as long as the
median portion.
The bilaterally symmetrical aedeagal process is characteristic for
the genus. The theca covers the aedeagus through the middle as a
snugly fitting membranous sleeve narrowed at base and with its
ventral median region extended caudad as two flat spatulate proc-
esses which bend dorsad, thus making them appear twice wider than
122 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
long. The sclerotized aedeagus is completely hidden except for a
slender, sclerotized hook which extends between the lobes and collar
of the aedeagus and bends directly ventrad.
Notes on distribution. Metcalf gives the type locality as Southern
Pines, N. C. The writer studied a large series from Yorkstown,
Hilliard, and Branford, Fla.
Bruchomorpha tenebrosa n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION *
Size. Length of female from apex of head to tip of abdomen 2.75
mm. to 2.95mm. Width of abdomen, 1.3mm. to 1.85 mm.
Color. Body shiny jet black, a dusky brown stripe beginning at
a point just back of apex of frons widens gradually, then narrows
abruptly at the vertex, continues as a narrow stripe across the vertex
and pronotum and widens out again slightly on the mesonotum. No
trace of this stripe on the tegmina. The median carinae of the frons,
pronotum, and mesonotum show darker on this light stripe. Legs
and underside all black, except the membranous region around at-
tachment of hind coxae.
Structural details. This species has a medium-sized nasal process.
From a dorsal view the head extends beyond the eye a distance ap-
proximately equal to length of eye. The median carina is distinct
on frons, pronotum and mesonotum. Ventral margin of posteclypeus
slightly concave on posterior half, the anterior half somewhat out-
wardly expanded; its length as measured from anteclypeus to apex
slightly greater than width of frontal process at a point in line with
the joining of the lateral carinae of frons which in this species con-
verge near apex of head. Tegmina proportionally shorter than in
many species, veins prominent forming distinct cells and with less
of the pebbled appearance which other species have. Dorsal line of
body not arched as in nodosa.
Comparative notes. This species in size, form and the presence
of black legs resembles B. bunni, B. minima and B. suturalis very
closely. Of these four, bunni and suturalis are southwestern species
and minima and tenebrosa southeastern. In color these forms can
usually be distinguished by the extent of the median, dorsal light
stripe, although since these stripes vary somewhat within the species,
they cannot be relied upon too greatly in separating ‘the species
definitely. In general, sutwralis has the stripe extending to the apex
45 The writer is indebted to Mr. Ralph Bunn of the Bureau of Entomology for first recog-
nizing this species as new, and who in preliminary manuscript, which he bequeathed to the
writer, had given this name to the species.
DorERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAB 123
of the abdomen, bunni has it extended on thorax and even across
tegmina although here it is narrowed somewhat, tenebrosa has a
wide, distinct yellow stripe extending from head to tip of mesonotum,
but not onto the tegmina, and minima has a narrow yellow band
only on the frons or sometimes, in addition, faintly on the pro-
notum.
In addition to color, tenebrosa is separated from bunni by having
more rugose tegmina with distinct venation and the ventral margin
of postclypeus much less concave than in that species.
From minima it is separated by its larger size, body less parallel-
sided and frontal process not so narrowed.
From suturalis it is distinguished by not having the turned-up
broad, frontal process, which suturalis has and by the more concave
ventral margin of postclypeus.
Location of types. Described from three females. Holotype, col-
lected by L. D. Tuthill, Loughman, Fla., August 2, 1980. Two para-
types, same place and collector. The types are in the Snow Ento-
mological Collection at Lawrence.
Bruchomorpha tristis Stal, 1862
Stal, Carolus. Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterum formae et species. Berl. Ent. Zeit.
VI, p. 309, 1862.
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 38,
pp. 139-230. 1923.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149, 1928.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Subcupreo-nigra, nitida; fronte clypeoque conjunctim parvum
productis; venis tegminum distinctus. 9 —Long. 314. Lat. 2 mm.
Wisconsin. Dom. Rumbien. Mus. Holm.”
AUTHOR’S DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of abdomen, 2.6
mm. to 3.5 mm.; width of body at broadest point, 1.6 mm. to 2 mm.
Length of tegmen, 1.2 mm. to 1.36 mm. This is one of the largest
species of the genus.
Color. General color uniform iridescent black. Occasionally
specimens show a narrow bronze stripe following the median carina
on frons and vertex. Also some specimens occasionally dark red-
brown on head and thorax instead of black, and eyes gray. The en-
tire body very shiny. Underside of body the same dark brown to
124 Tue UNIvERSITY ScrENCE BULLETIN
black color, except the less sclerotized areas around the large coxae
of hind legs and the extreme apices of the leg segments. .
Structural details. This is a short-nosed species. Length of
frons in front of eye as viewed from above less than the length of
the eye; its width through middle greater than in many species due
to the fact that the frontal sutures which form the lateral boundaries
of the frons are carried outward on a wide, sharp carina which from
a side view shows as a distinct shelf over eye and gena; the two
lateral carinae greatly arched through middle, very close together at
base so that the distance between the two is equal to or even less
than the distance from one carina to eye. Postelypeus very short, as
viewed from the side equal in length to anteclypeus and only ap-
proximately one-half as long as the nasal process across its apex, its
ventral margin evenly, outwardly rounded. Vertex very short,
about eight times wider than long, deeply transversely convex, its
anterior and posterior margins sharply elevated. Pronotum pro-
portionally shorter than in other species, approximately four times
wider than length through middle; a transverse depression indicated
just posterior to cephalic margin and a distinct median carina
present, on each side of which on the disk are located 17 or 18 con-
spicuous circular pits. Mesonotum prominent, not quite twice wider
than long, the median carina distinct, two outwardly curving lateral
carinae more elevated than it, the space between the lateral and
median carinae distinctly concave, each lateral fourth covered by
usually eleven circular pits. Tegmina reaching to about middle of
abdomen, the longitudinal vein elevated and distinct, but their course
difficult to trace because of the deeply rugulose or pebbled surface
between them. Abdomen very globose, the anterior segments ex-
panded somewhat beyond the lateral margins of the tegmina.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with a
short, tubular base, from which its posterior ventral region is ex-
panded caudad into a rounded flap with parallel lateral margins.
The ringlike eleventh segment is visible beyond the dorsal margin
of the tube and bears an elongate stylus.
Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view is somewhat
crescent-shaped, broadest through base of apical third, and has its
apical third greatly lengthened into a slender, pointed, recurved
hook.
The aedeagal structure is distinctly different from other members
of the genus. The aedeagus itself is a sclerotized structure, bearing
at least one slenderly pointed hook near its apex, but the entire
structure is practically hidden by the membranous theca which is a
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE PAS
tubular sheath somewhat narrowed at base, but which broadens
caudad and finally ends in two, elongate, pointed flaps.
Comparative notes. This species is not easily confused with other
species. It is distinguished by the iridescent black coloring of body
and black legs, its greater width of body, very short nasal process
and elevated veins in the tegmina.
Notes on distribution. Apparently a well-distributed species.
Doctor Ball states, “The writer’s material is all from northern and
mountainous regions from Ontario and New York through Wiscon-
sin, Iowa, Dakota, Colorado, Montana and Oregon, south in Cali-
fornia to Dunsmuir and in Arizona to Oak Creek Canyon. The
writer did not take it in Florida and has not taken it in Arizona
below the yellow Pine Belt.”
Dozier lists in addition to above-mentioned states New Jersey,
North Carolina, Florida, and Texas.
The present writer had additional specimens from Kansas and
Minnesota.
Bruchomorpha rugosa Metcalf, 1923
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jr. Elisha Mitchell Soc.,
p. 185, 1923.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203.
Comparative notes. This is a slender, light-colored species, re-
sembling superficially an Aphelonema and having the most slender
nasal process in the genus. Greatest width of body, 1.2 mm. to
1.8 mm.; length of body, 1.8 mm. to 3 mm. It is easily recognized
by the light coloring of the body with touches of fuscous to light
brown on head and thorax, the cells of the tegmina between the
reticulation washed in varying degrees of fuscous and a series of
elongate spots on each half of the abdominal segments which are
dark brown and stand out in sharp contrast to the yellowish-tan
background. The distinguishing structural characteristics are as
follows: The vertex is narrower than in most species, being approxi-
mately only three times wider than long; each lateral third of its
anterior margin is equal to and at an angle to the median third
between the curved lateral frontal carinae and no median carina is
present; the frontal process anterior to the eye is shorter than in
many species, making it appear to be a short-nosed species, but the
nasal process across apex is so slender that the postclypeus is three
times longer than the width of this process; the lateral carinae of
the mesonotum are sharper than in the majority of species and the
disk between is conspicuously concave.
126 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with a
short, tubular base, from which its posterior ventral region is ex-
panded caudad into a very short, rounded flap. The eleventh seg-
ment is ringlike and scarcely visible beyond the 10th and bears an
elongate stylus that extends beyond the margin of the flap.
Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view is some-
what crescent-shaped, broadest through approximate middle, has
its basal third in the form of a pointed arm and the apical third
greatly lengthened and projected dorsad as a sharply pointed, slightly
recurved hook.
The aedeagus is nearly all hidden by the semisclerotized theca,
the latter fitting over the aedeagus as a tight sleeve and then ex-
tending caudad as two truncate flaps which bend dorsad, leaving a
notch on each side from which protrudes a pointed well-sclerotized,
ventrad-curving, aedeagal hook.
Notes on distribution. 'The type locality is Brownsville, Texas.
Doctor Metcalf kindly loaned the writer a specimen for study
taken at Nogales, Arizona. A long series of this species has been
taken in the Santa Rita Mountains by Dr. R. H. Beamer, University
of Kansas. Doctor Ball states that he has taken it on range grasses
in several places in southern Arizona.
Bruchomorpha decorata Metcalf, 1923
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jr. Elisha Mitchell Soc.,
p. 188. 1923.
Comparative notes. A medium-sized species varying in length
from 2.25 mm. to 2.75 mm. As Metcalf states in the original de-
scription, it 1s easily recognized by “its very short nasal process,
nearly vertical frons and strongly contrasted colors.” As viewed
from above, the head extends beyond the eyes only half the length
of the latter and the lateral carinae of the frons are closer to-
gether at the base than the distance of one carina to each eye. The
vertex is about four times wider than long. As viewed from the
side the postelypeus is very short, equal in length to the anteclypeus
and extending forward beyond latter a distance which is only about
one-third width of nasal procegs across apex. The curved lateral!
‘arinae on mesonotum greatly elevated and very sharp.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with a
tubular base, from which its posterior ventral margin is expanded
caudad into a truncate flap which is about the same length as the
tube. The eleventh segment frequently not visible, bearing a pointed
stylus.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE WATE
Each harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view is some-
what crescent-shaped, broadest through base of apical third, and
has its apical third curved dorsad as a pointed process.
The aedeagal structure is similar to that of B. tristis. The aedea-
gus is a sclerotized tube entirely hidden by the theca, but bearing
two sharply pointed, sclerotized hooks which protrude between the
ends of the theca flaps. The theca is tubular at base, then caudad,
expands into two elongate, ventral flaps whose apices point dorsad.
Notes on distribution. The type locality is given as Brownsville,
Texas. Doctor Ball states that he has taken it also from the Babo-
quivari Mts. in Arizona and Cuernavaca, Mexico, and that he finds
it strictly confined to a single species of grass, the Arizona foxtail
(Chaetochloa grisebachit) as a food plant. The writer had a few
specimens at hand from Laredo in addition to Brownsville, Texas,
collected by Paul Oman.
Bruchomorpha mormo Kirk., 1907
Kirkaldy, G. W. Bull. Haw. S. P. A. Exp. Sta. IV, p. 64, 1907.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp.
Sta. Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149. 1923.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-2038, 1935.
Comparative notes. This is one of the smallest species in the
genus and black in color with yellow legs, washed in fuscous. The
length of the body varies from 1.75 mm. to 2 mm. in length for speci-
mens which the writer studied, although Kirkaldy states that it is
3mm. long. In coloring it more closely resembles B. tristis, B.
minima, B. pallidipes and B. oculata. From the latter it is easily
separated by lacking any form of tan or rust median stripe on head
and by its very short nasal process. From B. tristis it is easily
separated by its much smaller size, its vertical head and its yellow
and fuscous colored legs. From B. minima it is separated again by
its short nasal process and yellow legs. For comparison with B.
pallidipes see notes under that species.
In general the most distinctive characteristics of this species are:
from above the head is produced less than half the length of eye, the
nasal process is less prominent than in any other species so that the
frons is more perpendicular and the frontal tablet is almost circular
with the lateral carinae meeting well back of apex; from a side view
the postclypeus is equal in length to the anteclypeus and also is
about three-fourths of or not quite equal to width of nasal process
across apex; the distance of the anterior margin of vertex between
the lateral carina is slightly more than the distance from one carina
128 Tue UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
to the eye; median carina and the two lateral carinae of mesonotum
distinct and equally raised; vertex very broad, at least six to seven
times wider than long.
Male genitalia. The tenth abdominal segment with the tubular
base parallel-sided and the flaplike extension of the ventral margin
shghtly longer and roundingly pointed. The stylus of the eleventh
segment broader than in many species.
The harpago crescent-shaped, broadest through middle, with its
basal fourth in the form of a slender, pointed process and its apical
fourth sharply pointed and curved dorsad. The aedeagal structure
is one of the most peculiar for the genus. The aedeagus is entirely
covered by the theca except for a slender sclerotized hook which
from a lateral view partially shows between the apical flaps of the
theca. The theca is a collarlike tube which is broad at base, then
tapers toward the apex, finally ending in two truncate, flat, lateral
lobes.
Notes on distribution. The type locality is given as Nogales, Ari-
zona. Doctor Ball states that this species is common in southern
Arizona. i
Bruchomorpha triunata Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. 30: 197, 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“A small, shiny black species resembling tristis, but with three
broad stripes and a very narrow front, widest in the middle. Length,
1.6 mm.
“Front a long oval abruptly pointed below. Much narrower than
in mormo and not top-shaped as in most species; the dise flat or con-
cave, the bounding carinae light, the median one faint. Nasal proc-
ess even shorter and broader than in dorsata, strongly carinate.
Color black, a broad, white stripe from apex of front across the first
exposed abdominal segment, as wide as frontal carinae at the vertex.
A pair of oblique white stripes broadly covering the lower half of
clypeus and gradually narrowing to beyond the middle of the elytra.
A pair of white crescents arising under the lateral margin of the
elytra and curving around to the genitalia. The pustules and legs
pale.
“Holotype ¢ , Patagonia, September 10, 1933. Paratype male and
a female nymph, Nogales, July 13, 1934. Taken by writer sweeping
range grasses.”
Comparative notes. Not easily confused with any species in the
genus because of its striped body and very short nasal process.
DoERING: Z,THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 129
Male genitalia. Anal flap short, truncate across apex. Harpago
more slender than in many species, broadest right at middle, from
thence abruptly tapering basally into a pointed base, the posterior
half narrowed and finally becoming an elongate slender dorsal-
directed hook.
Aedeagus almost completely hidden by the theca. The thecal
flaps unique in shape, each flap being boot-shaped and broadest
across their dorsal region.
Notes on distribution. This is a rare species to date. Doctor
Ball gives the type localities as Patagonia and Nogales, Arizona.
Dr. R. H. Beamer collected a female in the Santa Rita Mts., August
17, 1932, and a male at Ruby, Arizona, August 22, 1938.
Bruchomorpha jocosa Stal, 1862
Stal, Carolus. Novae vel minus cognitae Homoptera formae et species. Berl. Ent. Zeit,
VI, p. 310. 1862.
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jr. Elisha Mitchell Soe. 38,
pp. 139-230. 1923.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp.
Sta. Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149, 1928. Correct for female. Also = B. bimaculata (male of jocosa).
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Dilute flavo-testacea; basi clypei, tegminibus, parte commis-
surali excepta, appendicibusque genitalibus nigris; fronte clypeoque
conjunctim parum productus. @ Long. 3, Lat. 144 millim. Caro-
lina meridionalis. Mus. Holm.”
AUTHOR’S DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of abdomen, 1.8
mm. to 2.6mm. Greatest width of body, .93 mm. to 1.3mm. Length
of tegmen, .8 to 1mm. This is one of the smallest species in the
genus.
Color. General color of female uniform reddish-yellow. Male
reddish-yellow except the lateral two-thirds of each tegmen which is
dark reddish-brown in sharp contrast to the general body color.
Underside of body the same general reddish-tan color except for a
sharply contrasting dark-brown spot on the median anterior two-
thirds of postclypeus. Ovipositor of female sometimes washed in
brown.
Structural characteristics. A short-nosed species. As viewed
from above the head extends beyond anterior margin of eye only
one-half the length of the eye. The frons is top-shaped with a dis-
9—2181
130 THe UnNIversiry ScIENCE BULLETIN
tinct median carina present and prominent lateral carina which con-
verges at base where they join the anterior margins of vertex so that
the distance of the vertex margin between them is equal to distance
from one carina to the eye. The frontal sutures are not as greatly
elevated in front of antenna as in other species.
A nasal process is hardly discernible since as viewed from the side
the postclypeus is not bulbous, has an almost straight ventral mar-
gin and in length is not much longer than the anteclypeus and is
about equal to width of the nasal process across apex. Vertex char-
acteristically broad and short, about six times wider than length.
Pronotum with a median carina and the usual round pits on each
lateral half. Mesonotum with a median and two lateral outwardly
curving carinae present which are of about equal distinctness. Rest
of thorax and abdomen barrel-shaped. Tegmina less pebbled than
in the majority of species.
Male genitalia. The tenth abdominal segment tubular at base
and with its ventral margin extended caudad as a roundingly pointed
flap which is twice longer than the tube. The eleventh segment
scarcely visible except for its stylus.
Harpagones more slender than in most species, typically crescent-
shaped, with the broadest part at middle and at either end tapering
to sharply pointed, slender processes.
The aedeagus is practically hidden by the theca which covers the
aedeagus as a tubular sleeve and has its ventral posterior margin
extended caudad as two spatulate processes.
Comparative notes. B. jocosa is readily distinguished from every-
thing else in the genus by its short nasal process and the character-
istic dark spot on apex of postclypeus.
Notes on distribution. Dozier records this from South Carolina,
Florida, Kansas and Texas. Doctor Ball states that “this form is
abundant throughout the Gulf region and is occasionally taken as
far north as Virginia, Iowa and Nebraska.”
Key to Coxor Varieties (Ball, 1935)
1 Females (and males) all dark or with only a trace of light stripes,
var. obscura Ball, p. 131
Females red or pale sometimes with a lateral dark stripe; males same, with the
Usual dark- areas on each. CME so. oi «ccieieejate eletes Nicks) wyalalwieietatel> pialtani= feral 2
2. | (2), Female all? reddish “or! pales asso artis nite stores cievenstoreiciereeiats var. jocosa Stal, p. 129
Female reddish or pale with a lateral dark stripe....... var. craniata Ball, p. 131
DorERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE USL
Bruchomorpha jocosa var. craniata Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Var. craniata Ball
“Resembling jocosa usually, but definitely larger and longer, with
less of the ‘barrel’ shape. A broad, creamy, median stripe from tip
to tip covering all the space between the lateral carinae on front
and pronotum. Outside of this on either side a still broader pair of
smoky or almost black stripes arising on the black ‘nose’ and usually
omitting the margins of the abdomen. Legs and below reddish.
“Holotype ¢, allotype g, and seven paratypes, Onaga, Kan.
(Crevec.) ; five paratypes, Stratton, Neb., and one each, Ames, Iowa,
and Spring Green, Wis.; all except those from Kansas collected by
the writer. This form might easily be confused with vittata, but the
short nose will separate it.”
Bruchomorpha jocosa var. obscura Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Form and size of jocosa, almost uniformly dark, smoky or rusty
brown, sometimes almost black with the legs and lower part reddish.
The males often show a more or less definite dorsal light or red-
dish line.
“Holotype ¢@ , allotype ¢, and ten paratypes, Sanford, Fla., taken
by the writer. This dark form is common in the winter period from
Florida to Mississippi and has been taken as far north as New
Jersey, D. C., and Virginia. It has, however, never before been
recognized as a color phase of jocosa.”
Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch, 1856
Fitch, Asa. Trans. N. Y. St. Agric. Soc. XVI, p. 396. 1856.
Stal, Carolus. Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterum formae et species. Berl. Ent. Zeit.
VI, p. 309. 1862. (As flavo-vittata).
Metcalf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 38,
pp. 139-280. 1928. (His species is not dorsata Fitch but extensa Ball.)
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp.
Sta. Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149, 1928.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“This is black and shining, with a pale yellow stripe along the
middle of its back from the front to the tip, its legs being also pale
132 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
yellow with a dusky stripe on the thighs. Length, 0.16. Mr. Robert-
son has discovered individuals having the wing covers and wings
fully developed, showing that it is a pupa which is described by
Mr. Newman. As it may be as Mr. Westwood suggests in a letter
to me, that these insects, like some of the Nepidae and other species
belonging to this order, attain to puberty and perish without ac-
quiring wings, whilst other individuals of the same species become
fully developed.”
Synonymy. The writer agrees with Doctor Ball that flavo-vittata
Stal is a synonym of this species. Stal’s original description of
flavo-vittata is as follows:
“Nigra, subcupreo-nitens; vitta utrimque angustata, ab apice
frontis ad apicem abdominalis ducta pedibusque dilute flavescenti-
bus, hic fusco-vittatis; fronte clypeoque conjunctim nodice productis.
& 2. Long. 3, Lat. 14% millim. Wisconsin. Mus. Holm.”
AUTHOR’S DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of abdomen, 2 mm.
to 3 mm.; width, 1 mm. to 1.5mm. Length of tegmen, .9 mm. ~
Color. Uniform dark shining species with a broad, yellow stripe
down back. Frons, vertex and thorax a deep reddish-brown, with
the median yellow band one-third the width of the vertex down to
apex of mesonotum where it broadens a trifle. Tegmina and abdo-
men shining black with the yellow median stripe slightly broader
throughout the length of tegmen, then becoming approximately same
width as on frons and vertex and extending the full length of abdo-
men, including base of anai flap. Underside of body for the most
part reddish-brown. Apex of postclypeus, all of anteclypeus and
labrum, the beak, the less sclerotized areas around the coxal bases,
and the caudal areas of the last few abdominal segments yellow
to tan. Legs all yellow or with basal half of coxae and a lateral
stripe on the tibiae fuscous.
Structural details. A short-nosed species. As viewed from above
the frons extends beyond eye a distance less than the eye itself, a
median carina distinct, two lateral carinae moderately, outwardly
rounded, the distance between them at base about equal to the
distance from one carina to each eye, the frontal sutures forming
the lateral boundaries of the head and raised on a moderately
sharp carina over each eye and gena. Postclypeus as viewed from
the side very short, equal in length to anteclypeus, less than the
width of the frontal process across apex. Vertex transversely con-
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 133
cave, about five times wider than length through middle. Meso-
notum approximately three times wider than long, between the eyes
roundingly produced forward over half the length of eye, its lateral
cover from above almost completely overlapped by eye, then on
extreme sides again expanded into a roundingly pointed flap which
almost covers pleural region; the disk between mesal margin of
eye and dorsal stripe covered with approximately sixteen round
pits, a distinct median carina present. Mesonotum twice wider than
long, a distinct median and two conspicuous lateral carinae present
on each side of which in the disk are approximately eleven round
pits. Tegmina approximately half the length of the abdomen with
less rugulose appearance and less prominent longitudinal veins than
in other species. Abdomen characteristically globose, showing five
segments visible from above, on each side just back of anterior
border a faint carina visible just back of which is a row of four
round pits and one at extreme side.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with a
short tubular base, from which its posterior ventral region is ex-
panded caudad into a pointed flap. The ringlike eleventh segment
is only slightly visible and bears a moderately long stylus.
Each harpago is crescent-shaped, broadest through middle, its
basal fourth forming a slender pointed arm and its apical fourth
prolonged dorsad as a pointed process. The sclerotized aedeagus is
covered through the middle by the tubular membranous theca which
is somewhat narrowed at base and has its ventral posterior region
projected caudad as two rounded spatulate lobes. Sclerotized aedea-
gal hooks are visible between the tubular part of the theca and the
flaps.
Comparative notes. There are four species in the genus which are
black with hght cream, median longitudinal bands of considerable
width. These are B. dorsata, B. extensa, B. beameri and B. suturalis.
The latter two do not have the stripe extending across the abdomen
to any extent. Dorsata is easily separated then, from B. extensa
because of its very short nasal process.
Notes on distribution. Doctor Ball states that it is a northern
species ranging from New York and North Carolina to Dakota and
Kansas.
Dozier reports it from the following states: Arkansas, Colorado,
Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Ohio, North Carolina, New Jersey, New
York, Texas, and Wisconsin.
134 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal, 1862
Stal, Carolus. Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterum formae et species. Berl. Ent. Zeit.
VI, p. 309. 1862.
Metealf, Z. P. The Fulgoridae of Eastern North America. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Soc. 38,
pp. 139-230. 1923.
Dozier, Herbert. The Fulgoridae or Plant Hoppers of Mississippi. Miss. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. 14, pp. 3 to 149. 1928.
Ball, E. D. The Genus Bruchomorpha Newman (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Bull. Brook.
Ent. Soc. XXX, No. 5, pp. 197-203. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Nigra; vitta media frontis, thoracis scutellique, margine commis-
surali nec non pedibus flavo-testacis; fronte clypeoque conjunctim
medice productis. ¢? Long. 8, Lat. 1% millim. Carolina meri-
dionalis. Dom. Belfrage. Mus. Holm.
AUTHOR’S DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of abdomen, 2.2
mm. to 2.6 mm.; width, 1.1mm. to 1.86mm. Length of tegmen, 1.06
mm. to 1.1 mm.
Color. General color resembling oculata and nasuta. Head and
thorax from above a rich brown to blackish, but usually a lighter
shade than tegmina and abdomen. A median testaceous yellow to
dronze median longitudinal band on frons, vertex and pronotum,
which in width is about one-fifth the width of vertex. On meso-
notum and claval margins of tegmina this broadens somewhat and
at sides indistinguishably blends into the darker coloring of the sides.
Eyes dark brown, margined in light and frequently spotted with
light. Tegmina and abdomen deep brown to pitch, usually quite
shining. Underside of body shining dark brown to black except the
less sclerotized areas of the thorax. Legs usually testaceous yellow
with the coxae and sometimes the bases of other segments somewhat
darker, or sometimes legs are all fuscous except at apices of the
segments.
Structural characteristics. A short-nosed species. Frons, as
viewed from above, extending beyond eye a distance slightly less
than length of eye, its lateral carinae at base placed closer to median
carina so that the distance between the two lateral carinae is equal
to the distance from one carina to the median margin of eye, united
just before apex; frontal suture elevated in a sharp carina which
hangs shelflike over the gena on which is situated the antenna;
ventral margin of postclypeus only slightly convex, its length at
this point approximately equal to width of nasal process across its
apex. Vertex approximately six times wider than long, transversely
concave and a faint median carina present. Pronotum characteristic
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 135
of the genus in shape, with a distinct median carina and about 18 or
19 pits on each lateral dorsal disk; its extreme lateral third extended
around and under eye as a short collar, not visible from above, but
which again broadens at the side into a pointed ventrad projecting
flap, bearing four round pits just cephalad of its posterior margin.
Mesonotum not as long as in some species, approximately twice
wider than long; a distinct and sharp median carina present; two
lateral carinae only faintly indicated, if at all. Tegmina extending
to slightly over half length of abdomen, longitudinal veins indistinct,
their entire surface more pebbled than in other species. Abdomen
barrel-shaped, with five segments visible, lateral carinae present on
anterior margin of each segment just back of which are single rows
of four to five round pits.
Male genitalia. Tenth abdominal segment (anal flap) with a
short tubular base, from which its posterior ventral region is ex-
tended caudad as a bluntly pointed flap. The ringlike eleventh
segment shows beyond the dorsal margin of the tube and bears a
blunt, fingerlike stylus.
Each harpago, as viewed from a flattened lateral view, is some-
what crescent-shaped, broadest at apex of basal third and has its
apical third greatly lengthened into a slender, sharply pointed,
dorsad curving hook.
The aedeagal structure is bilaterally symmetrical. The sclero-
tized aedeagus is covered through middle by the tubular membra-
nous theca which is somewhat narrowed through middle and has its
ventral posterior region projected caudad as two rounded spatulate
lobes. Sclerotized aedeagal hooks are visible between the tubular
part of the theca and the flaps.
Comparative notes. Size and form of B. minima and B. mormo.
Also resembles B. suturalis and B. oculata. From both B. suturalis
and B. minima it is separated by its extremely short nasal process
and yellow legs. From B. oculata it is separated by its smaller size
and short nasal process. From B. mormo it is separated by having
an indication of a dorsal median stripe on head and thorax, a shorter
postclypeus, an elongate top-shaped frontal tablet instead of the
circular one as in that species.
Notes on distribution. Dozier states that this species is recorded
from Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, Kansas, Colorado, and adds
Mississippi. In addition to these states the writer studied specimens
from Alabama, Louisiana, and a large series from Washington, D.C.
136 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
THE GENUS DANEPTERYX
Uhler, P. R. New Genera and Species of American Homoptera. Trans. Maryland Acad.
Sci. I, p. 42, 1889.
Melichar, Leopold. Monographie der Issiden (Homoptera). Abh. k. k. Zool. Bot. Ges,
Wien, III, pt. 4, 1906.
Kirkaldy, G. W. A Brief Note on Three (Two New), Californian Fulgorid Hemiptera.
Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. II, p. 23, 1908.
Van Duzee, E. P. A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego county, California.
Trans. of San Diego Soc. of Nat. Sci. 2 (1), p. 42, 1914.
Comparative notes. This genus is recognized by having narrow,
strap-shaped wing covers, somewhat triangularly widened at base
and tapering at tip, where they become acutely rounded; contracted
angulate head with an oblong quadrangular vertex having acutely
prominent angles; front oblong, with sides and middle line promi-
nently carinate; pronotum transverse, short, depressed on the disk,
the anterior angle subacute, with the sides narrow and curved down-
ward; scutellum triangular, carinate, acute at tip; wings rudimen-
tary; hind tibiae with four laterally placed spines; abdomen obese,
carinated above.
HISTORY OF THE GENUS
The genus was described by P. R. Uhler in 1889 with manca as
the haplotype. In 1906 Melichar added an additional species, lwrida.
Kirkaldy in 1908, with no reference to lurida, described two new
species, barbarae and artemesiae, which he compared to manca only.
Since Kirkaldy states that the tegmina vary in length in barbarae,
also, Van Duzee, in collecting manca, states that this species varies
from a fulvous brown to dark fuscous with sometimes a dorsal stripe
and the elytra whitish or grey, and since on outward appearance the
present writer as well as coworkers have found them to be difficult
to separate, it makes the status of the named species somewhat
dubious. Moreover, the types of none of the three latter species
have been available for study. Yet by means of the male genitalia
and certain minute, yet distinct external characters, the writer be-
lieves that these four species can be differentiated, with perhaps
lurida remaining as the most doubtful.
To the four named species are being added two new species, D.
adiuncta and D. robusta. These are sufficiently different in shape
of tegmina and genitalia from the older species involved to warrant
describing them as new.
Key To SPECIES
Ls Tegmina wider, not more than five times longer than greatest width, greatly
widened through basal third so that claval margins touch or are almost
OAVACRTG. 65 NS Shore acera yetareua on) orl onevanel sper aTeiavs tokens) anated Ree ena tea ates sKoneRekeed talanea 2
Tegmina narrow, distinctly straplike, over five times longer than greatest width,
not greatly widened at base; claval margins not approaching each other.. 3
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 137
to
(1) Short, stout-bodied; costal margin of tegmina almost straight, reticulation much
less pronounced, only one conspicuous median longitudinal vein,
robusta n. sp., p. 143
Larger insects; basal third of costal margin greatly expanded, the tegmen at
this point almost twice wider than at apical third, reticulation coarse,
adiuncta n.sp., p. 141
3. (1) Frons wider, outer margins outwardly curved, greatest length at sides about
twice median length of postclypeus, dorsal margin concave, at the point not
greatly narrowed; larger, 5-5% mm. long.............. barbarae Kirk., p. 140
Frons more wedge-shaped, considerably narrowed dorsad, one lateral margin
over twice the length of postclypeus at middle....................++-- 4
4. (3) Tegmina with one prominent middle vein, cells posterior to this smaller, forming
Mat Ner sLevICulatroniecterarcvaveloncrehe clctereh foiensraustols otelsuederercieier ois artemesiae Kirk., p. 139
Tegmina with longitudinal veins and crossVeins all coarse, greatly elevated above
tlre mnicel ounce telave ett creres chan sieve ce eyateloiletayel seraliertctale tetecaceas sakslisies ole! (ove] wise, 0s laser ae.(e 5
5. (4) Dorsal margin of frons deeply notched; very dark body coloring, lurida Mel., p. 138
Dorsal margin of frons almost straight; light tan, mottled with dark,
manca Uhl., p. 137
Danepteryx manca Uhler, 1889
(Plate XVIII, Figures 6, 11, 16)
Uhler, P. R. New Genera and Species of American Homoptera. Trans. Maryland Acad.
Sci. I, p. 42, 1889.
Van Duzee, E. P. A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego county, California.
Trans. of San Diego Soc. of Nat. Sci. 2 (1), p. 42, 1914.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Grayish fuscous, pubescent, tinged with white, pale yellowish-
brown when immature. Upper surface and wing covers scabrous.
Head rough, a little hairy, the carinate lines blackish, interrupted
with white; lower part of cheeks and epistoma pale testaceous.
Legs and tarsi spotted with fuscous. Pronotum a little pale about
the margins. Pectus hairy, unevenly fuscous, marked with a white
spot above the orifice of the mesothoracic spiracle. Underside
chiefly paler than above, sometimes testaceous, or white on the
posterior coxae. Wingcovers ashen gray, with chiefly black veins,
the veins of the costal and inner border coarsely interrupted with
white, while those of the diseal portion are minutely speckled with
white. Anal and genital segments more or less rusty yellow.
Length to tip of wing covers, 4144 to 5mm.; to end of venter, 314
to 444mm.; width of pronotum, 13%, to 2mm. This insect has
thus far been reported only from Los Angeles, Cal., from which
place several specimens have been referred to me for examination
by Mr. D. W. Coquillet.
“Tt is the most remarkable insect of the order which has yet been
discovered in North America. The wing covers lack the membranal
area which is so often present in the insects of this group, while the
form of these organs and their type of venation lead to the
Orthoptera of the group Acrididae, and thus give us an ancestral
138 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
type which might well be a remnant of the old Fauna prevalent in
the Rocky Mountain region during the Tertiary period.”
Comparative notes. This species is not readily separated from
D. barbarae Kirk., D. artemesiae Kirk., or D. lurida Mel. By close
comparison it is separated by the following characteristics: Pro-
notum and vertex through middle of equal length, vertex more taper-
ing anteriorly, the rounded anterior margin of pronotum distinetly
wider than vertex at base, dorsal and ventral margins of frons not
noticeably different in width, the former being only one-fourth
greater; cells of the tegmina more evenly rectangular than in other
species; tegmina narrow, but usually not much longer than tip of
abdomen.
Male genitalia. Anal flap moderately emarginate at apex. Each
harpago, as seen from a flattened lateral view, has its ventral
margin outwardly rounded and its dorsoapical angle extended ceph-
alad as a sharply pointed projection at base of which is an ab-
breviated, sharp mesal spine and on the outside a recurved hook.
The aedeagus is tubular with its extreme apex somewhat flattened,
then narrowing into a blunt point. The tubular theca covers the
approximate basal fifth. Attached near the base of the aedeagus
and projecting beyond the posterior margin of the theca are two,
thick, slightly curved hooks which are shorter than those in other
species, while a second larger pair arise just caudad of middle, one
on either side, whose apices are sharply pointed and project ceph-
alad.
Distributional notes. Described from Los Angeles, Cal. Van
Duzee (1914) states that it is ‘abundant everywhere on Adenos-
toma and Artemiscia and comes to maturity about April 1, but
specimens may be occasionally found throughout the autumn and
winter.”
Specimens are at hand for study from the following places in
California: Alameda county, Claremont, Del Mar, Lempoc, Mon-
terey, Mt. Diablo, Newton, Nipomo, San Diego, Santa Cruz Mt.,”
Stimson Beach and Ventura.
Danepteryx lurida Mel.
(Plate XVIII, figs. 2, 9, 10)
Melichar, Leopold. Monographie der Issiden (Homoptera). Abh. k. k. Zool. Bot. Ges.
Wien III, 1906.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Von der vorhergehenden Art durch die kleinere Gestalt und die
stark dunkle, fusserst dickt schwarz gesprenkelte Farbung des
K6rpers unterschieden. Der Aberrand des Stirne ist stirker winkelig
DokERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 139
ausgeschnitten. Das Basalsegment des Bauches ist blassgelblich,
mit zwei Lingsfurchen versehen, zwischen denselben und an den
Seiten Gruppen von schwarzen Punkten, die Beine sehr dicht und
fein schwarz gesprenkelt, ein schwarzer Ring vor der Spitze der
Schenkel. ¢ 9 Linge, 314-4 mm.
“Nordamerika, Claremont, Cal. Zwei Exemplare von Baker in
meiner Sammlung.”
Comparative notes. This species is very difficult to separate from
D.manca. This brings out two problems. Since the type cannot be
located, it is not at all certain that the author has recognized the
proper form as lurida, and, secondly, if the forms classified as lwrida
in this paper are correctly named, it still might be debatable as a
valid species since the characters for separation are not very obvious.
It differs from manca by having the dorsal margin of the frons
deeply angled instead of being truncate as in manca, by having the
lateral margins of frons straighter and converging at base, by having
the tegmina slightly wider at base than in manca with the longi-
tudinal veins beyond middle converging at various points, making
the apical half more reticulated and not such uniform rectangular
cells present as in manca. The aedeagus is quite distinct from
manca, as can be seen in the drawings.
Male genitalia. The anal flap of this species seems to be more
deeply emarginate than in artemesiae. The harpago, as viewed in
flattened lateral view, has the posterior, ventral margin angulate,
while in other species it is rounded at this point.
The aedeagus differs from other species in the genus, mainly by
having the left hook of the posterior pair angulately bent, forming
a boot-shaped structure, whose apex is directed caudad. The basal
hooks of the theca are longer than in manca and less curved, extend-
ing at least to apex of basal third of theca.
Notes on distribution. Claremont, California, is given as the type
locality. The series of specimens studied for this paper are from
San Jacinto Mts., Stimson Beach, San Francisco, and Montara,
California.
Danepteryx artemesiae Kirk. 1908
Kirkaldy, G. W. A Brief Note on Three (Two New), Californian Fulgorid Hemiptera.
Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. II, p. 28, 1908.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“Smaller and much darker than the last, but the head structure
is very similar; the frons is narrower, though at the same time it is
distinctly wider than in D. manca. The general ground color is
dark fuscous, the legs more heavily and darkly sprinkled than in
140 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
D. barbarae. Antennae dark fuscous. Tegmina piceous or blackish
(instead of yellowish-brown), with paler markings. The tegmina
are narrower and the pronotum is shorter than in D. barbarae, more
so even than in D. manca. Length, @ 414% mm.
“Hab. California, Alameda (Perkins) on Artemesia.”
Comparative notes. This species is very similar to D. manca and
D. lurida. It differs from manca mainly by the longer pronotum,
which is approximately twice the length of the vertex, while in
manca the two are the same length; the frons narrowed considerably
at dorsal margin, at this point being half again as wide as at ventral
area; the tegmina has usually a prominent middle vein from which
it seems the others tend to branch off rather than the parallel longi-
tudinal veins of manca.
From lurida it is separated by not having the basal margin of the
frons angled as in lurida and again by the prominent middle vein
of the tegmen.
Male genitalia. The anal flap of this species seems to be more
truncate at apex than in manca or lurida, with its lateral margins
parallel. The harpago is larger with its apical fourth narrowing
into an elongate, dorsal recurved arm.
The aedeagal structure is distinct. The theca itself is proportion-
ally longer. The distal portion of the aedeagus is broadened con-
siderably, much curled under the shaft part and finally ends in a
sharp, recurved spine. The basal hooks of the aedeagus are much
longer than in any other species, reaching at least to middle. The
posterior lateral hooks are greatly reduced to mere prongs.
Geographical distribution. Deseribed from Alameda, California.
Specimens were on hand for study from the following places in Cali-
fornia: Cajon, Del Mar, Lempoc, Mint Canyon, Nipomo, Topango
Canyon, and Ventura.
Danepteryx barbarae Kirk, 1908
Kirkaldy, G. W. A Brief Note on Three (Two New), Californian Fulgorid Hemiptera.
Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. II, p. 23, 1908.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“This is close to D. manca Uhler, but differs by the basally trun-
cate frons, which is also much wider in proportion, widening towards
the apex. The vertex is shorter and wider, the lateral margins paral-
lel (converging very slightly anteriorwards, if anything), the anterior
margin very obtuse-angled. The pronotum is rather more produced
anteriorly, its lateral margins more arched. Antennae yellowish-
testaceous. The tegmina vary in length.
DOoOERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 141
“Length, 9 5% mill.
“Hab., Cal., Santa Barbara foothills, July (Gifford) .”
Comparative notes. ‘This species seems to be a slightly larger
species with longer tegmina than the other species in the genus. It
is separated from other species externally by having a broad frons,
with lateral margins outwardly curving, across ventral area being
only one-sixth wider than at dorsal margin; by having long pro-
notum, being one and one-half times longer than vertex through
middle; by having a wide vertex, with its anterior margin one-third
wider than one lateral margin; wing venation forming an uneven
network.
Male genitalia. Harpago as viewed from a flattened lateral view,
crescent-shaped, larger than in other species and with the dorsoapical
corner projecting dorsad as a sharply pointed projection, at base of
which is the usual recurved spine, which in this species is more
fingerlike and longer than it is in the closely related species.
The aedeagus is distinctly different. The theca is proportionally
longer, with the ventrad portion longer than the ventral. The basal
hooks of the theca broad across the base, sharply narrowing to the
pointed apex, which is about at middle. The two lateral hooks are
more reduced than in artemesiae, being reduced to mere pointed ex-
tensions of the lateral margins.
Distributional notes. The type locality is given as Santa Barbara,
California. Specimens were on hand for study from the San Jacinto
Mountains, California.
Danepteryx adiuncta n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Length of body from tip of head to apex of tegmen, 3.5 to
3.7 mm.; greatest width of body, 1.5 mm. to 1.75 mm.
This is a robust species with broader, shorter tegmina than in the
older species, but not quite as short stature as in robusta n. sp.
Color. Characteristically mottled as are all the members of the
genus. General body color from above reddish-brown mottled with
tan, carinae yellow or hght tan, extreme carinate edges of vertex
and pronotum dark brown followed immediately by a thin border of
hight tan. Eyes mottled dark brown. Segments of abdomen shaded
with dark on posterior margins. Underside of body lighter, mottled
with dark. Legs light tan with irregular splashes of brown, spines
on tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black. Tegmina with dark-brown
background, veins light yellow and margin all around bordered with
uniform roundish light yellow spots.
142 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Structure. Vertex broad, one lateral margin and anterior margin
twice the length at middle from apex to occipital declivity. Frons
broad, margins distinctly outwardly bowed, greatest width at base of
ventral third, at this point approximately one-fourth wider than
across dorsal margin. Pronotum typical, with the arched central re-
gion with the sharply defined carinae extending forward into head
region only half the distance of the eyes. Mesonotum with sharply
elevated carinae. Abdominal segments carinated at middle. Teg-
mina short, through basal third almost twice wider than apical third,
the claval region short, with inner margins almost touching, the basal
third of costal margin greatly expanded, then suddenly constricted
at middle from which point it gently curves to the rounded apex.
Tegmina with one prominent longitudinal vein at middle, the rest of
veins forming an irregular network, all veins conspicuous and greatly
elevated.
Male genitalia. Anal flap short, parallel-sided, the apical margin
deeply, roundingly emarginate. Eleventh abdominal segment show-
ing as a broad, short, ringlike segment, the stylus moderately long.
The harpago, as viewed from flattened lateral view, has its ventral
and apical margin greatly rounded, the apical dorsal extension is
moderately long, sharply pointed and bears at its base on the outside
a medium sized, recurved external hook.
The aedeagus is a semicircular tube which is concave ventrad and
at apex ends as a truncate flap. Attached near its base and project-
ing slightly beyond the posterior margin of the theca are two slender,
curved hooks. Just posterior to the apex is another pair of small
hooks whose apices are directed cephalo-dorsad. These hooks are
placed much nearer the apex than in other species. The theca is
more abbreviated in this species than in the others.
Comparative notes. This species is easily distinguished from the
other older species by the broadened tegmina which have their claval
margins adjacent. It is more similar to D. robusta n. sp. because of
this condition, but is separated from this species because the apical
half of the tegmen is greatly narrowed again and by having a coarser
reticulation and less pronounced median longitudinal vein.
Location of types and distribution. Holotype male, collected by
R. I. Sailer, at Monterey, Cal., August 10, 1938; holotype female,
same place and collector. Four paratypes, same data.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 143
Danepteryx robusta n. sp.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
Size. Small, robust species; length of body from tip of head to
apex of tegmen, 3 to 3.5 mm.; width of body through thorax, 1.4 mm.
Color. Color tan, general color lighter than in other species. Ver-
tex and pronotum yellowish-tan with outer carinate margins brown.
Eyes reddish-brown mottled with dark. Pronotum tan with carinae
light yellow. Frons and postelypeus mottled with minute irregular
splashes of reddish-brown, the thin carinate edges dark brown.
Thorax yellowish-tan. Legs yellow splashed with irregular specks
of dark brown, tips of tibial spines, claws, and last segment of tarsi
dark brown. Thorax yellow. Abdomen yellow, with some of the
segments at the sides and towards posterior margins darker, the disks
of first abdominal segments dotted with round brown spots. Teg-
mina mostly yellowish-tan, dimly mottled lengthwise through mid-
dle with fuscous, the veins standing out distinctly yellow against this
darker background.
Structure. Vertex broad, anterior margin and lateral margin
equal, almost twice the length at middle from apex to occipital de-
clivity. Frons narrow as in manca, being about one-third wider
through ventral third than across dorsal margin which is truncate or
only very slightly angulate. Pronotum short, length through middle
not more than one-third longer than median length of vertex. Meso-
notum with three sharp carinae. Tegmina short, broad, with claval
margins adjacent, rest of inner margins almost touching due to the
fact that the costal margins and entire inner margins are parallel
and that the base of the wing is not expanded as in adiiincta. Wing
venation similar to that of artemesiae with a prominent middle vein,
posterior to which the cells are small and the veins are not greatly
elevated.
Male genitalia. Anal flap (tenth abdominal segment) long, with
the ventral region extended into a deeply, roundingly notched flap
which is about again as long as the tube itself. The ringlike eleventh
segment conspicuous with an exceptionally long fingerlike flap.
The harpago small, having no greatly extended apical dorsal hook
and a short external hook just anterior to apex.
The aedeagus is a semicircular tube which is concave on the ven-
tral side and at apex bluntly pointed. Attached somewhere near the
base of the aedeagus and projecting beyond the posterior margin of
the theca are two thick, slightly curved pointed hooks, which are
sickle-shaped and of median length. A second pair of aedeagal
144 Tue University SCIENCE BULLETIN
hooks arises just eaudad of middle whose sharp-pointed apices are
directed cephalad. The sleevelike theca covers the approximate
basal third.
Color phase. A few specimens, taken at the same time and place
as the typical form show a variation in color by having the fuscous
markings much more pronounced, thus, in general, being much
carker in coloring.
Comparative notes. This species resembles more closely D. adi-
uncta and D. artemesiae. Like artemesiae it has the prominent me-
dian longitudinal yein beyond which the cells are small due to finer
reticulation. It differs from this species by having the shorter,
broader tegmina which adjoin along claval and inner margins. It is
similar to adiuncta by the adjoining of the tegmina, but differs from
this species by having the costal and claval margins parallel and the
basal region of the tegmen not expanded as in adiuncta. Also, adi-
uncta does not have the pronounced middle vein with the cells pos-
terior to it small and the veins fine, but all veins are coarse.
Location of types and geographical distribution. Holotype male
and allotype female from Ventura, Cal., collected by R. H. Beamer,
July 20,1933. <A series of forty males and thirty-eight female para-
types, same data. Four males and four female paratypes from Gavi-
ota, Cal., collected by R. H. Beamer, July 19, 1983. One male and
nine female paratypes taken at Palm Beach, Cal., July 27, 1938.
Eight males and six females taken at Palm City, Cal., July 27, 1938,
by R. H. Beamer. Types are in Snow Entomological Collection at
the University of Kansas.
Tue Genus TYLAnira Ball, 1936
Ball, E. D. Some New Issidae with Notes on Others (Homoptera-Fulgoridae). Proc.
3iol. Soc. Wash. 49: 155-158, 1936.
The writer has not seen specimens of the species described by
Doctor Ball for this genus. For this reason the criginal description
only of the genus and the species bifwrca is given in this paper.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS
“Resembling Tylana Stal (as represented by ustulata Uhl.) and
Ulixes Stal in general form and structure, but with a much narrower
and more acutely angled head which is produced into two long, di-
vergent processes extending obliquely forward and upwards, two and
one-half times the length of the eye. Superficially resembling
Lusanda Stal from Ceylon, but in that genus the head is broad, and
the projections point obliquely downwards. Vertex one and one-half
DOERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 145
times as long as its basal width, nearly that much longer than the
pronotum, the dise with a deep angular trough, the two projections
triangular in shape, inclined upward, the angle between them acute
and extending down to expose the carina of the front. Pronotum
and mesonotum as in Tylana except that there are three large tu-
bercles in the lateral compartments on each side of the latter. Elytra
longer and more definitely angled behind with a longer inflated bulla
than in Tylana. Venation reticulate and similar to that in 7. ustu-
lata. Front one-half longer and no wider than in Tylana, 5-carinate,
the intermediate carina rounding in above and not extending onto
the projections. The whole insect clothed with long stiff bristles.
“Type of the genus 7. bifurca, n. sp.”
Tylanira bifurca, Ball
“Form of the genus, resembling Tylana ustulata Uhl., larger with
a much longer, narrower head and pronotum giving the insect a
wedge-shaped appearance anteriorly and a blunt wedge posteriorly.
Length, ¢ 8mm.,or ¢ 7 mm.
“General color lighter brown than in ustulata with a definite gray-
ish cast, the cinnamon chevrons of ustulata reduced to pale ovals
while there are two smaller spots behind connected by a broken line.
Holotype ¢, allotype g, and a pair of paratypes, Benson, Ariz.,
June 7, 1930, and one female, Fort Hancock, Texas, June 9, 1930.
All taken by J. O. Martin and received through the kindness of E. P.
Van Duzee of the California Academy of Sciences. Types in that
museum, a paratype ¢ in the author’s collection.
“This is the largest and most striking Issid yet recorded from the
United States.”
THe Genus Papacona Ball, 1935
Ball, E. D. Some New Issidae with Notes of Others. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 30:40. 1935.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS
“Allied to Aphelonema, but much more elongate in form, with the
vertex as long as wide, the eyes enclosing only about half the pro-
notum and the front triangular, broadest below.
“Vertex flat, long and narrow, longer than pronotum, equaling the
mesonotum, as long as its basal width. Head with the eyes definitely
narrower than the pronotum which is constricted on the anterior half
and enclosed by the eyes and then widened and laterally carinate
posteriorly, but again exceeded in width by the elytra and abdomen.
(In Aphelonema the insect is barrel-shaped, the head almost as wide
10—2181
146 THE UNIvERSITY ScrENCE BULLETIN
as the body.) Pronotum extremely long and narrow, almost as long
as wide, the lateral margins carinate and broadly pustulate, meso-
notum elongate, the lateral carinae extremely high and enclosing a
tablet that is much longer than wide. Elytra brachypterous, cover-
ing over one-half the abdomen, the sutural line depressed in middle,
the posterior margin rounding with an inflated area in front on
either side. Venation as in Aphelonema. Hind tibiae with a single
stout spine. Face elongate, retreating, forming a 30° angle with
vertex. Front the shape of a rather long flatiron. Truncate with
two pustules below. The lateral pustulate areas extremely wide
above.
“Type of genus: Papagona papoosa n. sp.
Comparative notes. The present writer has not seen the type
species of the genus. Doctor Ball very kindly donated a paratype of
P. succinea. This species shows all the differences between this
genus and Aphelonema, as pointed out in the original description
given above.
Ky To SPECIES
1. Vertex short, flat, mesonotum depressed, amber colored without median stripe,
P. succinea Ball, p. 147
2. Vertex long, concave, mesonotum flat, gray and brown in color with a broad median,
white stripe’ < <.chco- torso ererevetenebede ieee ievenoverelatel siecle eleicrstni/ah eatene tate! shens P. papoosa Ball, p. 146
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION
“A gray and brown species with a long vertex, a broad median
white stripe and three pairs of white spots. Length: ¢ , 2.6 mm.
“Vertex long, tapering, deeply concave, the postocular carina of
the pronotal flaps rounding, only a little higher than the carinate
lower margin. Mesonotum with the median portion flat. Front
much longer than its apical width. The lateral margins of the pus-
tulate areas very weakly carinate.
“Color, pale straw, a broad median white stripe to the apex of the
mesonotum narrowing posteriorly. The outer inflated portion of
elytra and the median inflated portion of abdomen piceous, a pair of
round, waxy spots back of the hinge on the elytra, a smaller pair in
the saddle, a large pair on outer portion of the first exposed segment
and often three approximate dots along the median line. Below and
legs dark brown, shading out to straw on the front. The coxae and
venter pale blue.
“Holotype ¢, taken from bluffs of the Santa Cruz river near
Tubac, Ariz., August, 1932. Paratype g in the same spot, May,
1932. Both swept by the author from a clump of joint grass (Mah-
lenbergui porteri).”
DOERING: Z,THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 147
Papagona succinea Ball, 1935
(Plate XV, figs. 2, 2a, 2b)
Comparative notes. Doctor Ball states that this species is sep-
arated from papoosa by the following differences: By having a
shorter head and vertex definitely shorter with apex more bluntly
rounding and the dise almost flat with the marginal carinae raised
instead of disc being deeply concave as in papoosa; by having the
frontal tabiet definitely broader and more rapidly narrowing than in
papoosa; by having a depressed mesonotum, and by being a rich
amber color without the median stripe.
Notes on distribution and location of types. The types were col-
lected by Doctor Ball in the Tucson Mountains, Arizona, and Sabino
Canyon of the Santa Catalina Mountains in April on small clump
grass, Triodia mutica Benth.
MD OUR 09 to
© 00
—_
=
‘THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XIII
Dorsal view of head and thorax of Dictydea nigrata n. sp.
Lateral view of Dictydea nigrata n. sp.
Lateral view Dictydea uhleri n. sp.
Lateral view of Dictydea intermedia Uhler.
Dorsal view of head and thorax of Dictydea uhleri.
Lateral view of Dictydea angustata Uhler.
Dorsal view of Dictydea intermedia Uhler.
Dorsal view of head and thorax of Dictydea valida n. sp.
Dorsal view of Dictydea angustata Uhler.
Lateral view of Dictydea valida n. sp.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 149
PLATE XIII
in 5 ES
ey Le
ae IT f
Selene Base coy
- ARE
oN ate \
wou ae PLY Ns
A CREDA PS a
Be NPE S|
Ee ee
vane Pe
, : ‘er
9.Dictydea angustata
150 Tue UnNIvEeRSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XIV
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictydea angustata Uhler.
Cephalic aspect. of head of Dictydea intermedia Uhler.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictydea valida n. sp.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictydea ngrata n. sp.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictydea uhleri n. sp.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictydea intermedia Uhler.
Lateral view of harpago of Dictydea angustata Uhler.
Anal flap of Dictydea intermedia Uhler.
Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Dictydea angustata Uhler,
Anal flap of Dictydea angustata Uhler.
Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Dictydea intermedia Uhler.
. Lateral view of harpago of Dictydea nigrata n. sp.
Re Re
FP SOSMN OAR WN
_
bo
13. Anal flap of Dictydea nigrata n. sp.
14. Anal flap of Dictydea valida n. sp.
15. Lateral view of Dictydea valida n. sp.
16. Lateral view of harpago of Dictydea valida n. sp.
17. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Dictydea ngrata n. sp.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 15
PLATE XIV
LDietydea angustata 3.Dictydea valida
tai 5.Dictydea ubleri
6 .D. intermedia
10.D.angustata
8.D.intermedia
9.D.angustata
{l. D.intermedia
13.D, nigrata
12. D.nigrata
14,D.valida
17. O.nigrata
15.D. valida
ca
THe UNIversITyY ScIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XV
Anal flap of Osbornia arborea Ball.
a. Lateral view of harpago of Osbornia arborea Ball.
Dorsal view of Papagona succinea Ball.
. Cephalic aspect of head of Papagona succinea Ball.
. Lateral aspect of head of Papagona succinea Ball.
Lateral aspect of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
a. Lateral aspect of harpago of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
. Anal flap of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
». Cephalic aspect of head of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
Dorsal aspect of Osbornia arborea Ball.
a. Cephalic aspect of head of Osbornia arborea Ball.
Dorsal aspect of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
DoERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE le
PLATE XV
li
Osbornia arborea
4. Osbornia arborea 5.0.cornuta
154 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XVI
1. Left view of aedeagus and theca of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
la. Right view of aedeagus and theca of Osbornia cornuta Ball.
2. Left view of aedeagus and theca of Osbornia arborea Ball.
2a. Right view of aedeagus and theca of Osbornia arborea Ball.
3. Anal flap of Dictyobia varia n. sp.
4. Lateral view of harpago of Dictyobia varia n. sp.
5. Lateral view of harpago of Dictyobia permutata Uhler.
6. Lateral view of harpago of Dictyobia atra VanDuz.
6a. Anal flap of Dictyobia atra VanDuz.
7. Left view of aedeagus and theca of Dictyobia varia n. sp.
8. Left view of aedeagus and theca of Dictyobia permutata Uhler.
8a. Anal flap of Dictyobia permutata Uhler.
9. Anal view of aedeagus and theca of Dictyobia atra VanDuz.
=
|
DoeRING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE ]
PLATE XVI
1. Osbornia cornuta
2. Osbornia arborea
3.Dictyobia varia 5. Dictyobia permutata
6.Dictyobia atra
7. Dictyobia varia
8.Dictyobia permutata
9. Dictyobio atra
156
Tuer UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XVII
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictyobia atra VanDuz.
. Dorsal view of head of Dictyobia atra VanDuz.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictyobia combinata Ball.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictyobia permutata Uhler.
Cephalic aspect of head of Dictyobia varia n. sp.
. Dorsal aspect of head of Dictyobia varia n. sp.
Lateral aspect of Dictyobia atra VanDuz.
Dorsal aspect of head of Dictyobia combinata Ball.
Lateral aspect of Dictyobia permutata Uhler.
. Dorsal aspect of Dictyobia permutata Uhler.
Lateral aspect of Dictyobia combinata Ball.
DorrInG: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE Lay
PLATE XVII
4.Dictyobia varia
aC
“4 8. Dictyobia combinata
158
of WN Ee
peter
THE University ScIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XVIII
Right view of aedeagus and theca of Danepteryx adiuncta n. sp.
Right view of aedeagus and theca of Danepteryx lurida Mel.
Right view of aedeagus and theca of Danepteryx artemesiae Kirk.
Right view of aedeagus and theca of Danepteryx barbarae Kirk.
Right view of aedeagus and theca of Danepteryx robusta n. sp.
Right view of aedeagus and theca of Danepteryx manca Uhler.
Dorsal view of Danepteryx adiuncta n. sp.
Cephalic aspect of head of Danepteryx adiuncta n. sp.
Caphalic aspect of head of Danepteryx lurida Mel.
Dorsal view of Danepteryx lurida Mel.
Cephalic aspect of head of Danepteryx manca Uhl.
Dorsal view of Danepteryx robusta n. sp.
. Cephalic aspect of head of Danepteryx robusta n. sp.
Dorsal aspect of Danepteryx barbarae Kirk.
Cephalic aspect of head of Danepteryx barbarae Kirk.
Dorsal view of Danepteryx manca Uhler.
. Cephalic aspect of head of Danepteryx artemesiae Kirk.
. Dorsal view of Danepteryx artemesiae Kirk.
Dorrinc: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 159
PLATE XVIII
te
CS
Sieg)
i
Se ae a
+
= mp Fee 8.
a2 fre
7.Donepteryx adiuncta
Y
oe
=
oY
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eet Si SR
i\apeli
cle BH
ap :
val Lay a
is 17) X WE geen
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4
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i
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5 Srey
MANN Bic
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oa ee nN sy J 3
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rek3 GER 4 ia .
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14-Danepteryx barbarae 16.Danepteryx manca 18. Danepteryx artemesiae
160
THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XIX
Lateral view of harpago of Danepteryx artemesiae Kirk.
. Anal flap of Danepteryx artemesiae Kirk.
Anal flap of Danepteryx lurida Mel.
. Lateral view of harpago of Daneplteryx lurida Mel.
Lateral view of harpago of Danepteryx adiuncta n. sp.
. Anal flap of Danepteryx adiuncta n. sp.
Lateral view of harpago of Danepteryx manca Uhler.
. Anal flap of Danepteryx manca Uhler.
. Lateral view of harpago of Danepteryx robusta n. sp.
. Anal flap of Danepteryx robusta n. sp.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha nodosa n. sp.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha rosea n. sp.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha beamerv n. sp.
. Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha extensa Ball.
Dorrine: THE SuBramMity IssInAk 161
PLATE XIX
3.Danepteryx adiuncta
ay 5.Donepteryx robusta
4.Danepteryx manca
Sr”
ha nodosa
: oD F
9. Bruchomorpha rosea 10.Bruchomorpha beomeri \.Bruchomorpha extensa
11—2181
162
Soe el es OM I I
THe UNIvERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XX
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha triunata Ball.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha mormo Kirk.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha bunni n. sp.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha minima Metce.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha suturalis Mel.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha rugosa Mete.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha tenebrosa n. sp.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
. Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha vittata Mete.
. Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha jocosa, female.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha jocosa, male.
. Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha decorata Metc.
Dorsal view of Bruchomorpha tristis Stal.
DOERING: THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE 163
PLATE XX
13. B.jocosa male
14 B decorata (5.B.tristis
oo
MD
e9
Tuer UNIverSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXI
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha decorata Metc.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha extensa Ball.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha vittata Mete.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha jocosa Stal.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha beameri n. sp.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha tenebrosa n. sp.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha rugosa Mete.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha triumata Ball.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha minima Mete.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha bunni n. sp.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha nodosa n. sp.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha mormo Kirk.
Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha suturalis Mel.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha tristis Stal.
. Lateral view of head of Bruchomorpha rosea n. sp.
. Wing of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman.
. Wing of Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
Wing of Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal.
165
THE SUBFAMILY ISSINAE
DOERING:
PLATE XXI
|.Bruchomorpha pallidjpes
13. B-riunata
18 B.suturalis
17B.mormo
B.pallidipes
PLATE XXII
1. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha extensa Ball.
la. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha extensa Ball.
2. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha triunata Ball.
2a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha triunata Ball.
2b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha triuwnata Ball.
3. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha suturalis Mel.
3a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha suturalis Mel.
3b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha suturalis Mel.
4. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha bunni n. sp.
4a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha bunni n. sp.
5. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
5a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
5b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha keidensia n. sp.
6. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch.
6a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch.
6b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha dorsata Fitch.
Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha mormo Kirk.
a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha mormo Kirk.
b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha mormo Kirk.
8. Lateral view of aedeagus and theea of Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball.
8a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball.
8b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha abrupta Ball.
9. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal.
9a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal.
9b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha pallidipes Stal.
10. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha jocosa Stal.
10a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha jocosa Stal.
10b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha jocosa Stal.
11. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha vittata Mete.
lla. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha vittata Mete.
11b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha vittata Mete.
12. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha decorata Mete.
12a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha decorata Metce.
12b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha decorata Metc.
13. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha minima Metc.
13a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha minima Mete.
13b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha minima Mete.
14. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha rugosa Metc.
14a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha rugosa Metc.
14b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha rugosa Metce.
15. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha rosea n. sp.
15a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha rosea n. sp.
15b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha rosea n. sp.
16. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha tristis Stal.
16a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha tristis Stal.
16b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha tristis Stal.
17. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha beame7vi n. sp.
17a. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha beameri n. sp.
17b. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha beameri n. sp.
18. Lateral view of aedeagus and theca of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman.
18a. Anal flap of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman.
18b. Lateral view of harpago of Bruchomorpha oculata Newman.
Dorrine: THE SuBFAMILY ISSINAE 167
PLATE XXII
Nz
2. BAriunata
|.Bruchomorpho extensa x ‘
ac
8B. abrupta
13.8 «minima
;
10a. F
14a.
16.B.tristis
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OctToBeErR 1, 1939 [No.3
The Genus Norvellina
DALE R. LINDSAY,
Department of Entomology, University of Kansas
Asstract: This paper is a systematic study of the species considered in the
genus Norvellina at various times since its erection by Doctor Ball in 1931.
The following nineteen species are retained: Norvellina mildredae, perele-
gantis, pullata, pulchella, pannosa, rubida, scitula, chenopodu, seminuda,
columbiana, snow, saucia, nevada, texana, bicolorata, apachana, helenae, clari-
vida and scaber. N.oregona Ball is placed in synonomy with N. rubida (Ball),
and the following two new varieties and eight new species are named: JN.
muldredae var. minuta, bicolorata var. inflata, flavida, vermiculata, varia, nu-
merosa, excavata, rostrata, curvata and glauca. Drawings of heads and pronota
of both males and females of each species, as well as male genitalia and five
full length dorsal views to illustrate types of markings, are included.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TENGTRO Di CRT ONG hes ond is ed ok Se eae ee ee ak hic 170
SMMOPSisPOMohe GENUS c/s. cre ee MC ee eee Tees ee ene ois 71
Cencral@Oistmbutlon: «|. ': ins soe eee eee ee tote io eee se 173
ARS (oL ab eHG RULE! nT OS) AO (0 \ aOR Oreo ore intel 5 oe Gia eR ee ots Biers een Beene 173
TMCV LOMEMESODECIES., <5. 55.6.5 co's De ee eM econ nae erie ee Slee an a bs 174
Systematic TREATMENT:
INOTUCLOMOROMACHONG, <.\s::.c eee eT eon See eae 176
IN OGUCHLUNMAOUC OLON OCI << 525 cick AT RT ee TA eas 176
NionpellingtOvGOLOTGta. Var Unflate eee. eee cats en ee ee 178
IN ORVCLUTGES CATA «cosy: EERE TN ee eee 179
Noguelinia: SCAM G << <3 s\... so Sa I Eee te Ae ek an es 180
IN OR CUO ELLE «55 Rae ee erates ete Magee te eee Sick Bi ae 181
IN OFUCILIMA CHEN OPO AU Saree nee eee ee eehee tere oe 182
IVIGHDCUITAMMELETUUC = 2155) 32-5 RON RR RENT. Yen. Poe ape peo NE 183
NON UCN MOMETUOUILG « 2 «3. Sandcastle le WS a tas 184
WORDEN: PEELE GONLIS: Sa caer Me eR Aes a ee oo hle ete eae ees ceca 185
INO EOUITG GUAT EAC 51.1 IS PN OE Ce ee Ae Ses CAs LS 186
Worvellinawnildredae Var Menmubaite oe os. ccs. eee ek eed sie ace 18
(169)
170 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PAGE
Norvellina: scab evi hsx 20 ee EE ols nee eNO NS EP OO Eee 188
Norvellane: favvda ae ee ee en EO OER EL EIR 189
Norvellana qualche lg ame a ets atest. Jule en Se eels ae nandclo is, fai eee 190
Norvellina COliuitand een G ooo aoe CO ee nee oe eee eS 191
Noruellina vermiculaia ese J. oc SO OO eC Oe ee EES 192
Norvellenangorta hs co eckte Soci Se ee TCO CTS COE 193
NoOrvelliriar Sauer, oets.c hose SoS Re ee Te eae PCN ee 194
IN OF VELUNG MUMETOSG « .sccsde ioe oe a eee ee 195
Norvellina TUb1d a. oi ilias 3k Oe Me OR AO he oe a OE re 197
Norvellina €xcavataes 25 cheek coon oe oe AO rhachis 198
Norvellena rostrata: ofa tir coke too oO eG oe eo nee oe ere 199
Norvellind DaNNOSGi cies oad Fees hoe oS ee eihaie [oo SP 2C0
Norvellina Curnvattes. ke ce trck one Eee sei eee ee Saas 201
Norvellina névugdan. Geen oe ee oe OC aoe ie 202
Norvellana: Claridon: icon ere te REE ae ee ERE COTE 203
Nor cellana glauca sos ee re eee one eae eee: 204
Norvellanartecana ccm: sete os rte eee Tae Ce OO eae 205
PLATES.
9, @ Gt Il Ie pprntiren sate tee A pete SU ROCA Moe) Od, or A GS ano 206
», OG UGE ed ee Ser eee ease er inina Raise Anum eta ner ie clolAln abn e sin 207
DG a re SOE wpa Bat ire tan RT A ER Te te ln Rivet Pe citucnei pig bid ona ard © Sb 208
P. ©, 8 ae nr ea en nrg RRM rE MA SHEN nie ae abit oi ro oe a OG iO 209
©.) 8 Il eae eee etn enc | hate ame NT I EEA So Sino Ap eUodo utc 210
DP. ©, .'4 ll b Ne ee nee tis EI ee ea ne ree bien aent ha mtars oidd Gc 211
». ©. © 1D, een ear ere a Sr aren ee ee ey a RCE Ne TMNT BN AT Bes 212
9. B.S, Re A ORO EEL CATS Be TO COE IL.O O ODE ENG OD OF 213
THE GENUS NORVELLINA
(HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE)
HIS paper is an attempt to define the generic concepts of the
genus Norvellina and to present a systematic treatment of the
species, old and new, contained within the genus. In the preparation
of this paper the writer is deeply indebted to Dr. R. H. Beamer,
under whom the study was carried on and without whose advice and
encouragement the endeavor would have perished; to Dr. E. D. Ball,
whose generous loan of type material and gift of information con-
cerning the host preferences of some of the closely related species
enabled the writer to confirm specific differences in structure; to
Mr. P. W. Oman for the valuable loan of undetermined material and
for numerous comparisons with types in the National Museum as
well as general information on the genus; to Mr. E. W. Davis for
the unselfish loan of all his material in this and related genera for
study; and to Colorado State College for the loan of type material
from their collection.
Linpsay: THE Genus NorvELLINA L7t
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS
The genus Norvellina was erected in 1931 by Dr. E. D. Ball and
Eutettix mildredae Ball designated as Genotype. The following is
the generic description (Fla. Ent., XV, p. 2, 1931):
“Resembling Hutettiz in the transverse depression on vertex and single cross
nervure; much narrower and trimmer in build with definite pattern or saddle
markings.
Vertex much broader than long, almost parallel margined, broadly rounded
or slightly angulate with front. Head with the eyes equalling the pronotum or
folded elytra in width. Pronotum decidedly longer than in Platymetopius and
its allies. As seen from the side, the pronotum is strongly arched and sloping
down in front, the vertex sloping in the same curve until just before the apex
where there is a definite horizontal shelf which extends from eye to eye, an-
terior margin bluntly rounding and almost right-angled with face. Elytra
closely folded at rest. Venation simple, regular, only one cross nervure, no
true costal veinlets except the two at the ends of the first apical cell. Elytra
covered by a ‘saddle’ pattern made up of contrasting colours and reticulations.
This genus embraces some twenty or more largely western species of which
Eutettix seminuda (Say) and chenopodw Osb. are the common eastern repre-
sentatives. From Eutettixz, sensus strict, they are readily separated by the
saddle pattern, the vermiculate reticulations and the narrower, lighter form.
The genital pattern is simple and of relatively little value in either group.”
The “twenty or more” species referred to above can be reasonably
determined by a process of elimination, since in the same publica-
tion with the above description Doctor Ball placed clarivida, insana,
paupercula, tenella and stricta in the genus Opsius. In later writ-
ings they have been placed in Norvellina, as well as the twenty-one
following species:
mildredae amanda rubida
perelegantis snow texana
pullata saucia ziczac
scitula nevada bicolorata
chenopodiu pulchella apachana
seminuda albida helenae
columbiana pannosa oregona
Numerous dissections of the males of the species definitely Nor-
vellina on the basis of the “saddle marking” brought forth the fol-
lowing nearly stable characters which may serve to help limit the
genus. The main generic character apparently is a pygofer gen-
erally rounding on the ventral margin to a dorsally directed hook
arising on the posterior margin. Variations in the width of the
pygofer are frequent and specific, but only one species, N. pulchella
(Bak.), in which the hook arises on the involute ventral margin of
the pygofer and is directed posteriorly, varies from the general
rT THE UNIverRSITY ScreENcE BULLETIN
definition in respect to the hook. A second character found con-
stant in its general structure is the aedeagus, which consists of a
somewhat foot-shaped base, from the heel of which arises a tubular
shaft with two more or less closely appressed ventrolateral proc-
esses arising near the base and usually extending about the length
of the shaft. The variations in the shape of this structure were
found to be specific within the known species. In addition the styles
of all the forms are inwardly geniculate on the distal half, the
apical portions of which are more or less cylindrical, varying
slightly in length and curvature.
On the basis of the above limiting characters further dissections
were made of all the species in question, as well as numerous other
forms showing external similarities. As a result the following
nineteen species are herein retained in the genus Norvellina:
mildredae snow texana
perelegantis saucia bicolorata
pullata nevada apachana
scitula pulchella helenae
chenopodii pannosa clarivida
seminuda rubida- scaber
columbiana
One species is placed in synonomy (JN. oregona Ball is a synonoym
of N. rubida) and the following two new varieties and eight new
species were described in Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, 1938:
mildredae var. minuta numerosa
bicolorata var. inflata excavata
flavida rostrata
vermiculata curvata
varia glauca
A few additional specimens are at hand which differ considerably
from the above listed forms, but further collecting is necessary to
establish their validity as good species.
The seven species and one variety that follow do not agree with
the Norvellina structures and are disposed of, by Mr. P. W. Oman
of the National Museum, as follows:
Eutettix ziczac Crumb is a synonym of Phlepsius utahnus Ball.
Eutettix stricta Ball belongs in the genus Ollarianus Ball.
Eutettix amanda Ball—_——?
Eutettix tenella (Baker) should remain in Lutettix for the present.
Eutettix insana Ball, E. insana var. coronata Ball, EZ. paupercula
(Ball) and Plepsius albidus Ball seem to be congeneric and
probably need a new genus.
Linpsay: THe Genus NorvELLINA 173
A study of the genus, as it is considered here, reveals that there
are three main types of patterns, one of which is the original
“saddle” pattern under which subdivisions may be made. Of the
other two, one is the type in which the dark pattern is confined to
the anterior and posterior regions, leaving the basal two-thirds of the
elytra without markings, while the other is simply a lack of any
definite pattern, as exemplified in N. clarivida, texana and glauca.
In the first case N. apachana, bicolorata and bicolorata var. inflata
are the examples. The remaining twenty-three species bear a saddle
of some kind, varying from the definite median pattern extending
from the vertex to the unions of the claval sutures and mesal mar-
gins where it flares to the costal plaques, to patterns representing
the remnants of this solid pattern.
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION
The genus Norvellina is a native insect of North America and in
general a western and southwestern form, many species of which
are indigenous to mountain and submountain regions. According to
Doctor Ball they are more or less constant in host preference. Only
two specimens from Mexico have been examined by the writer, al-
though certain of the other known species probably occur there. A
few species, such as N. seminuda (Say), occur in general distribu-
tion in the east and central states. N. chenopodi (Osborn) appar-
ently is widely distributed over the northern portion of the United
States and the southern provinces of Canada as well as south at
least through Kansas. N. helenae Ball occurs throughout the south-
ern states and cotton belt and north into Kansas and Nebraska,
where apparently it hybridizes with N. chenopodii (Osborn) which
it so closely resembles. Most of the other forms are distinetly
western in distribution and comparatively rare in occurrence, as
evidenced by the short series taken at any one time and place.
TECHNIQUE IN STUDY
As a result of numerous dissections it was found the most advis-
able method of studying the genitalia of the males of this genus is
as follows: After briefly boiling the detached abdomen in ten per-
cent caustic potash, rinsing in water, and placing in a drop of glyc-
erin upon a slide, the genital capsule is split along the lateral
sutures. The pygofer and the combination of valve, plates, styles
and aedeagus are then spread separately. In turn these are flattened
under a cover slip, the slide numbered to correspond to the pinned
specimen, and the above structures microphotographed. These
photographs are in reality only negative prints, since they are made
17
by projection directly upon photostat paper.
4
THE UNIversITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Most of the compara-
tive study was from these enlarged and easily compared pictures,
and all descriptions and illustrations of the genital structures were
made from such slides.
made by projection.
bo
10.
AIP
12.
13.
14.
(3)
mC)
(6)
(8)
Key To THE Species oF NORVELLINA
With color pattern’ on. elytra... «icra reverst cae ievelounteun eyevePansvetnvs svar leletevaee exe ani cteters 2
Withouticolor pattern on ‘elytra. 2 /.,.015% b alstevetaral lero eccreralateiele ty evenciatait slelcteterene 27
Only apices of elytra. with definiteimankang. <0. cr cfe10o clepe nln wisn savers elaleieters 3
More than apices of elytra showing patterm..........c.cccecccsccccceccce 5
Elytra grayish yellow flecked with brown and with brown dot at distal end of
clavus; slender form, 4 to 4.5 mm. long........... apachana (Fig. 1), p.
Elytra usually bright yellow, only apical portion infuscate; stout forms.... 4
Large forms, 5.5 to 7mm. long, with frons at normal curve with horizontal
plane tein Fapersielayaiere,die.cateelersia a oe ter ore stoke Wie eleisiemeterene bicolorata (Fig. 2), p.
Smaller forms, 5 to 6 mm. long, and with distinctly bulging
FONG" 2 sis tele A Stale le Ghee rd atohee here eee ens bicolorata var. inflata (Fig. 3), p.
Median pattern on elytra broken or nearly broken on clavus giving appearance of
two transverse light bands, or if nearly solid usually with scutellum appear-
ing light against dark background.............. sioyotevovsietetete slsier sietetars roe, s)
Median pattern extending solidly from pronotum to near apices............ 10
Median pattern distinctly broken on clavus leaving transverse brown saddle;
corium anterior to saddle white, seldom vermiculate...............++0- a
Median pattern nearly broken, but at least with vermiculations along mesal
borders on clavus between saddle and scutellum ...........-e.e--eee eee 8
Saddle cinnamon brown against white background; pronotum usually streaked
with gray; scutellum tan to fuscous on corners...... seminuda (Fig. 4), p.
Saddle not so distinct, pronotum fuscous, basal one-third of clavus lightly ver-
MIWA Hy sone hacer Power erale atacche hie ee paro nei ete le reeyee abanere scitula (Fig. 5), p.
Elytra with three mesal pairs of conspicuous dark spots on
ro tT Mee ote iie co Oiceaicin-c oer ebetalc cx GA oR BAN ig Do oes pullata (Fig. 6), p.
Elytra usually without paired mesal dark spots, at least inconspicuous...... 9
Species usually 5 to 5.5mm. long (sometimes smaller in their southern range),
commonly plump, with scutellum appearing lighter than background; aede-
agus with rounded apex extending distinctly beyond lateral processes; last
ventral segment of female usually with notched median lobe which may vary
to a broad, notched strap; central and northern in distribution
chenopodii (Fig. 7), p.
Species usually, 4.25 to 4.75 mm. long, more+slender with scutellum generally as
dark as background aedeagus with inwardly hooked apex, lateral processes as
long as shaft and flared laterally on distal one-fourth; last ventral female
segment usually with distinct straplike process distinctly bifid; central and
SOUGHT ANU CISELIDILGOM Wess lnro lc alert « clstelehal <7oleyeiotetelst nels) s helenae (Fig. 8), p.
Most of median pattern composed of fuscous vermiculations evenly dis-
tribtited: (iu.s ye gc rites re ores ew, oie eka ers &kaane epei rooted Rael slohel ofarens ciaretotonete Mearereteiore 14
Median pattern mostly gray to fumose, sometimes indistinct............... tL
Median pattern varying from faint tan hue to distinct pattern, mostly fumose
with occasional small fuscous spots..........eeeeeeeeee snowi (Fig. 9), p.
Median pattern distinct, mostly gray fumose with irregular dark border com-
posed: of) heavy» vermiCulatlonsiesste cicseie levee sce aiaver'e eer atria caanan eouipiotebetotelete ore ois Ly
Apical third of scutellum mostly infuscate.......... perelegantis (Fig. 10), p.
Apical third of scutellum mostly light colored...........eeecesseceeccces 13
Large species, 5.5 to 6 mm. long, usually plump in appear-
BVICG ayes. 0 pia ptaio i otelers tare aha lisls pb to lovavels iets vee cieds eyonarnione mildredae (Fig. 11), p.
Smaller species, 4.25 to 4.75 mm. in length. .mildredae var. minuta (Fig. 12), p.
Median pattern appearing reddish-brown with contrasting light background on
(loys eC a IC Ce COURIC CID HAI OE 30 DIO I GIIOCRD CAC CRMEREPE OS 15
Median pattern dark, but usually not appearing reddish-brown and without
sharp contrast with ‘background 62% ossjcls<scre odivle's aidiesie eo fal adelate antintotore 23
Drawings of aedeagi and pygofers were
176
176
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
188
15.
16.
yf
18.
19.
20.
21.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
(14)
(15)
(16)
(19)
(21)
(18)
(23)
(14)
(25)
Q)
(27)
Linpsay: Ture Genus NorvELLINA
Anterior margin of vertex distinctly more produced at center than next eyes, 18
Maroimssotavenuexanearhye Parallel i cne:cranctarerste toetarecoaiere ee,e\0;e s,0:a70l awialqre'te. 6 letersiare 16
Large forms, 5 to 5.8mm. long, with broad head, vertex three and one-half
times wider between eyes than length at center........ scaber (Fig. 13), p.
Smaller, more slender forms, 5 mm. or less in length...............-.0000% 17
Costal margin anterior to costal plaque usually broadly suffused with canary
yellow; male pygofer hook vestigial.................. flavida (Fig. 14), p.
Costal margin anterior to costal plaque usually semihyaline, occasionally with
white pruinose spots; male pygofer with large arm coming off midventral
margin and extending posteriorly ................. pulchella (Fig. 15), p.
Markings on vertex usually consisting of irrorations or sparse vermiculations, 19
Markings on vertex consisting of a broad, usually solidly fuscous area, mostly
DOSHENIOL LO RULANSVELSe AG CONES] Olltverc sisiciaterc ticle crs crederete ciercrenenc alae eleheretatereve 23
Pronotum light with some very sparse vermiculations and with an irregular dark
spat). behind ¥eachwey erasers sereieieckaie felovetemateverele io ereue columbiana (Fig. 16), p.
Pronotum marked with fuscous vermiculations, varying from nearly solidly
fuscous with light punctate spots to irrorations grouped so as to leave three
light longitudinal lines........ Shae tode) candaranch sce (eke roceka tere .....saducia group, 20
Median pattern reddish-brown, composed of vermiculations on tan to brown
Baek ero und) seers sarc Waaler dees nos sate eet tere Pemeete) cen ALORA Fale ahe cities 21
Median pattern grayish to brown, composed of coarse vermiculations on a light
background; male pygofer narrow, aedeagus thickened and curved with
lateral processes closely appressed and not attaining the more or less rounded
BPO Gs cesevessictelersto eb aloe oi stomcete SOR ae Pe in eee vermiculata (Fig. 17), p.
Pronotum mostly dark fuscous without longitudinal light lines; aedeagus curved
at base but straightening toward apex which is bluntly rounding; lateral
processes not closely appressed and exceeding apex of
aedeagus ..... EDeloteratevel cieiers eisiete iets asi eu disiola sislone o eiwershrs varia (Fig. 18,) p.
Pronotum not solidly fuscous but usually showing 3 longitudinal light lines.. 22
Aedeagus long, slender and with inwardly projecting fingerlike process at apex;
lateral preoesses shorter than aedeagus............... saucia (Fig. 19), p.
Aedeagus short, thickened and curved with blunt apex; lateral processes dis-
tinctly longer than aedeagus .................2-- numerosa (Fig. 20), p.
Vertex strongly produced at center with deep transverse depression; small forms,
about 4 to 4.25 mm. long, with apical cells of elytra shortened to nearly
equal! dimensions) </<1efeheistecleteloeias © ss clase SbboO Sau OOOO AmAlleKefen (Citay OTI)s So),
Vertex either not strongly produced at center, or if produced without distinct
TLANSVErSe” CEPTESSIONS \cjshertere eioye! of sflece (ss evevale,osefohenebel crore bo Doe a0 Manne ents 24
Vertex anterior to transverse depression light-colored without markings or with
only six minute brown spots on anterior margin; anterior margin of fuscous
area back of depression usually cut into by two rounding, light areas, one
eachs side: of mediante 2/4. <.)-) «cir eteicitelenebveortteye lees excavata (Fig. 22), p.
Vertex anterior to transcerse depression usually with two or four extensions from
fuscous area to anterior margin of vertex; aedeagus of male with thin, keel-
shaped plate extending posteriorly, lateral processes fitting along the pos-
terior curveof this) extensions .).a. dacneeicse ce soe ne rostrata (Fig. 23), p.
Vertex angulate, distinctly over half as long as width between eyes, small forms,
4 to 4.5 mm. long, and slender with nearly parallel
SIGESIaket tak: SO CSE OREO DOO vat Oo TOS hobs MOE Boa aS pannosa (Fig. 24), p.
Vertex rounded to obtusely angulate from dorsal view, distinctly less than half
as long as width between eyes...............0-- SOOT DOCG cOnMobIONS 26
Median pattern of elytra usually extending irregularly to claval suture on basal
Lei? Gh GENER os oladadoot 5 c56bo lob dosadcapocpende curvata (Fig. 25), p.
Median pattern not quite reaching claval suture on basal half of
GREE Lidb Ag Boob OWE DCm EGoaswed sooo cungouds booeu nevada (Fig. 26), p.
General color usually green, elytra without pattern; 4 black spots on
VEIbEX. sess caesss sop yooodeeesda Av due ooC ee aGO . clarivida (Fig. 27), p.
General color not green; vertex spots not black...................00- aes
Vertex angulate, usually with 4 minute brown spots on anterior
MEIN coro SON. CLGG60.0 5 SOO OR OUCE DOOR OOO OUG ad glauca (Fig. 28), p.
Vertex usually rounding to front, vertex without markings. .terana (Fig. 29), p.
175
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
Whi
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
176 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Norvellina apachana Ball
(Plates XXTIT, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 1)
Norvellina apachana Ball, E. D., Fla. Ent., XV, 1, p. 4, 1931.
The original description is as follows:
“Resembling bicolorata, but smaller and with obscure markings throughout.
Size and form of nevada, but less heavily marked. Pronotum, scutellum and
an oblique spot on apex of elytra heavily irrorate with brown, the saddle very
obscure. Length, 4-4.5 mm.
Vertex shorter than in sawcia which it otherwise resembles, twice wider than
long, scarcely longer on middle than against eye. Front narrower and less in-
flated than in saucza, much less than in bicolorata. Female segment rounding
posteriorly, deeply triangularly excavated with a broad straplike projection.
Male plates long, triangular as in saucia.
Color. Face and vertex pale creamy, the latter with three to five irregular
irrorations on posterior half. Pronotum ivory, heavily and irregularly irrorate
with brown. Scutellum almost solid brown with seven white spots around the
margin. Elytra with a very obscure saddle marking of pale brown, a brown
wash over the ivory areas, a dark spot some distance back of the cross nervure
on either side and a third one at apex of clavus. The vermiculations become
more definite before the long oblique apical spot.
Holotype female, allotype male, and seven paratypes, Granite Dell, Ariz.,
August 17, 1929, and six paratypes Glenn Oaks, Ariz., October 9, 1929, all taken
by the writer.”
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female as above. Male valve
obtusely angulate, less than one-half as long at center as preceding
segment; male plates converging to narrow point, over twice as long
as greatest width. Aedeagus in lateral view stout and curved dor-
sally, apex rounded to inner margin, with a pair of ventrolateral
processes arising basally, closely appressed to shaft except at spear-
like apices ending slightly before apex of shaft. Pygofer about
twice as long as median width, with dorsally directed free portion
of hook about as long as width of pigmented tip of pygofer.
Four male specimens are at hand from the type locality as well as
several specimens from Yavapai county, Arizona; Chiricahua Moun-
tains, Arizona; Las Cruces, Vaughn, Belen and Hope, N. Mex.; col-
lected from “Apache plume” (Fallugis paradoxa) from which it
derives its name.
Norvellina bicolorata (Ball)
(Plates XXIII, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 2)
Eutettix. bicolorata Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XXVII, 1, p. 212, 1905.
Externally distinct, large forms. Aedeagus resembling N. colwm-
biana (Ball), but more slender and with more pronounced bifid
beak on inner apex. Length, 6.5 to 6.75 mm.; width, 2 mm.
Linpsay: Tur Genus NorvELLINA VET.
Vertex broadly rounding, slightly more produced at center than
next eyes; highly arched behind transverse depression, shelflike be-
fore, especially in females. Front inflated, meeting plane of vertex
anterior to transverse depression at right angle or more; margin
distinct, especially in females. Pronotum highly arched.
Color. Fuscous, and greenish-yellow. Vertex pale cream to
tawny, with four small, dark spots on anterior margin between
ocelli, one spot behind each ocellus, and with large more or less
reticulate areas of fuscous in center of each half of posterior disc,
usually with vermiculate extension fusing with spot behind ocellus.
Pronotum heavily vermiculate or reticulate with fuscous, darker
along anterior margin, especially touching each eye, and omitting
numerous light areas and spots. Scutellum mostly brown to retic-
ulate fuscous, with hght triangular areas at each end of transverse
suture. Elytra greenish-yellow to apex of clavus; posterior to
clavus opaque white, heavily vermiculate with contrasting fuscous.
Apical portion solidly fuscous with exception of one or two lhght
spots in second or third apical cell and narrow hyaline margin.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female over twice as long as
preceding, lateral margins rounded on posterior half, shallowly
sinuate each side of the notched, slightly produced center. Male
valve short, rounding posterior margin only slightly produced be-
yond preceding segment. Plates triangular, twice longer than broad.
Aedeagus in lateral view thick at base, but with long, slender,
dorsally curved shaft; apex avicephaliform with recurved bifid beak
on inner margin, and a pair of ventrolateral processes arising basally
and extending to near apex. Pygofer about one-third longer than
median width, hook directed dorsally, narrow, slightly curved on
inner margin and free portion nearly twice as long as apical width
of pigmented area of pygofer.
“Described from one female from Castle Hot Springs, Ariz.,
H. 8. Barber collector (U.S. N. M. Collection) and four speci-
mens taken by the author at Richfield, Utah.”
Apparently Doctor Ball had both N. bicolorata and its smaller
variety at hand when he wrote the original description. Therefore
one of the specimens from Richfield, Utah, in the collection of
Doctor Ball, is here designated Lectotype. Numerous specimens
are at hand from the type locality, taken on Ephedra, and are dis-
tinct from the Arizona and California forms. Four specimens col-
lected at Las Vegas, Nev. (Nov. 15, 1934, Davis and Dorst), in
12—2181
178 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
the collection of E. W. Davis proved to contain two of this species
and two of the smaller variety. Otherwise they are apparently
definitely restricted in habitat.
Norvellina bicolorata var. inflata Lindsay
(Plates XXIII, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 8)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 113, 1938
Closely resembling N. bicolorata (Ball), but readily separated
by shorter length, extremely inflated front, usually fumate or whit-
ish eyes, and normally immaculate, lemon-yellow elytra anterior to
apex of clavus. Fuscous markings decidedly lighter and more
sparse. Length, 5 to 5.5 mm., width, about 1.5 mm.
Vertex inflated, broadly rounding, slightly more produced at
center than next eyes; highly arched behind transverse depression.
Front bulbously inflated meeting plane of vertex at obtuse angle.
Pronotum highly arched to horizontal scutellum.
Color. Vertex pale ivory to whitish, with two median spots of
fuscous on anterior margin and a similar spot behind each ocellus;
each half of dise posterior to transverse depression centered with a
triangle of fuscous vermiculations. Front above matching back-
ground of vertex. Pronotum fuscous vermiculate with fumate to
white background; the fuscous darker on anterior margin, es-
pecially touching eyes, and omitting irregularly patches of light
background. Scutellum mostly light brown with white lateral
margins except for fuscous spots on the margin posterior to trans-
verse suture. Elytra anterior to apex of clavus usually bright
lemon-yellow, sometimes faded to whitish; beyond clavus whitish,
nearly hyaline, with fuscous veins and sparse vermiculations the
extreme apical portion solidly fuscous except for hyaline margin and
one round spot on tip of third apical cell.
Genitalia. As in N. bicolorata (Ball) except for slightly more
slender aedeagus, apical beak shorter and less recurved and base not
so heavy.
Holotype male, allotype female, White Sands, N. Mex., June 30,
1932, R. H. Beamer. Numerous paratypes from the following
localities: Grand Canyon, Ariz.; Las Cruces, N. Mex.; Mojave,
Cal.; Tucson, Ariz.; Yucca Grove, Cal.; Jacumba, Cal.; Palmdale,
Cal.; St. George, Utah; and Las Vegas, Nev. Types and paratypes
in the Snow Entomological Collection. Paratypes in collection of
Doctor Ball and U.S. N. M.
Linpsay: THe Genus NOoRVELLINA 179
Norvellina seminuda (Say)
(Plates XXIII, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 4)
Jassus seminudus Say, Ac. Nat’l. Se. Phil., 6, p. 307, 1831.
Closely resembling N. scitula Ball, but with markings on vertex
and pronotum light tawny and with basal elytra not distinctly
vermiculate. Females easily distinguished by nearly truncate last
ventral segment, with tapered, slightly bilobed median projection
notched at either side.
Vertex rounding, only slightly longer at center than next the eyes;
from lateral view arched back of transverse depression. Front at
normal angle, margin definite. Pronotum arched, anterior margin
more produced than posterior.
Color. Vertex light ivory with four pale yellowish spots on
anterior margin and a similar spot behind each ocellus; posterior
dise faintly marked with yellowish or fumate spots. Pronotum, ex-
cept anterior and lateral margins, lightly fumose. Scutellum with
yellow to tawny lateral corners and apical portion, except for ex-
treme light tipped apex. Elytra with suggestion of transverse
markings on bases, with completely transverse saddle of cinnamon
brown extending from midclavus to mesal margin to apex of clavus
and partially edged with fuscous. Apex of elytra lightly vermiculate
with brown, mostly in third and fourth apical cells.
Genitalia. Last ventral segment of female nearly truncate pos-
teriorly, with slightly bifid median straps notched at either side to
a depth about one-half length of strap. Male valve roundingly
produced at center to about three-fourths length of preceding seg-
ment; plates long-triangular. Styles on distal third narrowed, curv-
ing slightly laterad, pointed on outer margins at apices. Aedeagus
thickened basally, with dorsally curved shaft tapered to apex where
it is slightly enlarged, and with a pair of ventrolateral processes
arising near base and tapering to points as long as shaft. Pygofer
broad with slightly in-eurved hook arising on ventral posterior
margin, free on outer two-thirds, and extending dorsally nearly the
width of the pygofer.
Neotype male, allotype female, Douglas county, Kansas, Septem-
ber, 1923, W. Robinson, described above, are here designated.
Numerous specimens are at hand from the following states: Florida,
Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Ne-
braska, Iowa, Minnesota, Ohio, South Carolina, New Hampshire,
Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York.
180 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Norvellina scitula (Ball)
(Plates XXIII, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 5)
Eutettiz scitula Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XX XIII, p. 47, 1901.
The original description is as follows:
“Resembling seminuda, but with the pronotum darkened up. Length, 5.5
mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex almost parallel margined, twice wider than long, half the length of
the pronotum, strongly depressed. Front rather flat, its length and breadth
about equal. Pronotum long, its lateral angles distinct, dise but feebly
convex.
Color. Vertex pale creamy yellow, six pale fulvous spots along the anterior
margin, sometimes a pair of spots near eyes on basal half. Pronotum dull
white, coarsely irrorate with dark fulvous, omitting the pale yellow anterior
margin. Traces of three pale stripes. Scutellum pale, the fine dark-brown
irrorations usually heaviest in a spot just within the basal angles on either
side, and another behind the transverse suture. Three spots in a triangle on
apical half ivory white; posterior dise light. Elytra milky white, a few coarse,
brown irrorations along the humeral and sutural margins before the middle, a
transverse band behind the middle as in semiznuda, but darker brown, and
some irregular infuscations towards apex. Face and below pale yellow, pale
fuscous ares on front.
Genitalia. Ultimate ventral segment of female twice the length of penulti-
mate, the posterior margin slightly rounding, with two small, roundingly
angular, median teeth; male valve obtusely triangular; plates long triangular,
their apices attenuate, infuscate.
Described from numerous specimens from Fort Collins, Pueblo, Salida ana
Grand Junction, Colo. This species is most closely related to seminuda, but
the genitalia and pronotal band will at once distinguish it.”
Genitalia. As above, with aedeagus in lateral view stout, curved
dorsally and tapering to a slightly flared, membranous apex, with
a pair of ventrolateral processes arising near base and extending to
apex, curved toward shaft on tips. Pygofer tapering toward a
slender, shightly curved hook apically attached on basal third and
free portion extending backward and dorsally at about a forty-five
degree angle with the plane of the ventral margin.
Lectotype male, allotype female, Fort Collins, Colo., July 29,
1898, here designated and in the Colorado State Agricultural College
collection. Other cotype specimens are at hand as well as numerous
specimens from the west and southwest. This species apparently
replaces N. seminuda (Say) in the states west of Texas and Kansas.
Linpsay: THr Genus NorvELLINA 181
Norvellina pullata (Ball)
(Plates XXIII, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 6)
Eutettiz pullata Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XX XIII, p. 48, 1901.
The original description follows:
“Form and general appearance of scitula, but darker, approaching pere-
legantis in shade, but lacking the definite pattern of that species. Length, 5.5
mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex two and one-half times wider than long, half the length of the pro-
notum, transverse depression very shallow, front broad and flat. Pronotum
rather flat, scutellum transversely depressed, the apex swollen, elevated.
Colour. Vertex white or pale yellow, a narrow fuscous line just in front of
eyes, in front of which are four dots, and behind which are three large
irregular, sometimes confluent, irrorate patches. Pronotum light, coarsely and
somewhat sparsely irrorate with brown. Scutellum with a brownish fuscous
patch just within each corner, disc pale or orange-yellow. Elytral pattern as
in scitula, but broader and darker; clavus entirely reticulated except for two
transverse bands, one at base and a broader, interrupted one before the middle,
the white area of the cortum with a few dots or reticulations.
Genitalia. Ultimate ventral segment of female three times the length of
the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly rounding, the median fourth
triangularly excavated, the apex of this excavation broad, rounding or
bidentate; male genitalia as in scitula, valve obtuse, plates long triangular,
the margins straight, tips attenuate.
Described from eighteen specimens from Manitou (Van Duzee), and five
from Colorado Springs and Salida, Colo., by the author.”
Genitalia. In addition to above, distal portion of styles stout,
about one-half as long as in seminuda, and with inner margin at
apex rounding. Aedeagus in lateral view short, shaft about one and
one-half length of base, directed dorsally, membranous apex blunt,
rounding on outer margin; ventrolateral processes arising near base
and extending about length of shaft with tips acuminate, incurved.
Pigmented pygofer narrow on posterior third, thickened hook
broadly attached to posterior margin, free portion tapering dorsally
at least length of attached base.
Lectotype female, Colorado Springs, August 7, allotype male,
Salida, Colo., July 24, 1900, in the collection of Doctor Ball here
designated and representing the two cotypes examined by the
author. Other specimens in Doctor Ball’s collection also examined
were: One male, Richfield, Utah, August 7, 1904, described above;
one male, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, Collected on pine; and two fe-
males and one male, Williamson Valley, Ariz. One female from
Silver City, N. Mex., in the Snow Entomological Collection, and
one female, Richfield, Utah, September 2, 1930, Willow Patch, in the
collection of E. W. Davis, were also examined.
182 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Norvellina chenopodii (Osborn)
(Plates XXIV, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 7)
Eutettix chenopodii Osb., H., Ohio Jl. Se., XXIII, p. 161, 1923.
This is one of the most widely distributed species of the Norvel-
lina, and, next to N. seminuda (Say), has been known longer than
other forms in the genus, although prior to its description by Osborn
it was confused with Phlepsius strobi Fitch. The original descrip-
tion follows:
“Similar to Phlepsius strobi Fitch, but with the vertex short, rounded to
front and the elytral picture consisting of two whitish bands instead of three.
Length, female, 5.5; male, 4.5.
Head slightly wider than pronotum; vertex short rounded in front with a
shallow transverse depression, scarcely longer at middle than next the eye, ob-
tusely angulate to front; front slightly longer than broad, clypeus short,
scarcely widened at tip; lorae elongate, the tip reaching border of cheek. Pro-
notum more than twice as long as vertex, hind border concave.
Color, light fulvus irrorate with light yellow or whitish. Elytra brown,
with two white bands, the forward one oblique and extending from tip of
scutellum to costa at middle, the hinder one crossing the anteapical cells.
Genitalia. Female last ventral segment twice as long as preceding, hind
border rounded with a notched lobe at the middle. Male valve rounded be-
hind, plates triangular, tips acute.
This is a common species throughout the eastern U. 8S. and its nymph is
found on lambs quarter (Chenopodium) where it produces purple spots that
agree in color with the nymph. The description is from specimens collected
in Iowa and Ohio, but records under the name of strobi carry its distribution
from Maine to Utah and South to North Carolina and Texas.
The nomenclature of this species presents a peculiar puzzle as it was actu-
ally described by Van Duzee under the name strobi which, as.shown above,
must apply to a different species and the name would be preoccupied in
Phlepsius. Ball, however, described the species, having placed it in Kutettix
in which genus the name strobz has not been used for any other species. How-
ever, this was simply a transfer of the Van Duzee misnomer and as the species
occurs on Chenopodium and not on Strobus it will avoid confusion to give it a
new name and preferably one which indicated its restricted food habit.
Type and paratype specimens of above description in author’s collection.”
Genitalia. In addition to the above, styles short, narrowed distal
fourth stout, curving laterad, inner margin convex to apex at outer
margin. Aedeagus in lateral view directed dorsally, curved most
sharply near base and with apex bent inward, membranous and
slightly enlarged; two ventrolateral processes arising near base and
extending along shaft to near apex, tips bent inwardly correspond-
ing to apical bend in shaft, but definitely shorter. Pygofer twice
longer than median width, posterior margin diagonal and consisting
of a stout, straight, dorsally directed hook, free on outer third.
Linpsay: THE Genus NoRVELLINA 183
Specimens are at hand from the following regions: Kansas, Ne-
braska, Colorado, Utah, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota,
Montana, Oregon, Iowa, Wisconsin, and New York, as well as
British Columbia and Manitoba, Canada.
Norvellina helenae Ball
(Plates XXIV, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 8)
Norvellina helenae Ball, E. D., Fla. Ent. XV, p. 3, 1931.
The original description follows:
“Resembling chenopodii Osb., but much smaller with the much heavier
vermiculations somewhat obscuring the saddle. Length, 4-4.5 mm.
Vertex proportionally longer than in chenopodii, twice wider than long,
slightly longer on middle than against’eye. Elytra reticulate throughout so
that the lighter areas bounding the saddle are coarsely reticulate instead of
ivory as in chenopodii. Female segment with a broad angular median notch
in the apex of which arises a straplike process as long as wide and slightly
bifid at apex. In chenopodii the margin is only faintly indented either side
the strap. Color brownish fulvous with a fulvous vertex and scutellum, a
brown saddle set off by semireticulate ivory areas. Face and below sordid
fulvous.
Holotype female and allotype male Sanford, Florida, June 17, 1926, and six
paratypes from the same place at various dates all collected by W. E. Stone
and the writer near Lake Helen. The writer has material from Florida, Texas,
Missouri and Kentucky and is inclined to believe that this small species re-
places chenopodii throughout the entire cotton belt.”
Genitalia. As above, styles shorter than chenopodi and angulate
on inner margin to apex on outer margin. Aedeagus in lateral view
curving dorsally and ending apically in a short membranous inward
beak; with a pair of ventrolateral processes arising near base and
extending length of shaft, distal one-fifth twisted half around and
flaring slightly in dorsal view. Pygofer about twice longer than
median width, pigmented portion narrowed posteriorly toward ven-
tral margin and ending in a slightly curved, dorsally directed hook,
usually more slender but varying to the form of chenopodu.
Numerous specimens are at hand from the following states: Kan-
sas, Texas, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Virginia, New
Mexico, and Colorado, and one specimen each from Iowa and South
Dakota.
The above two species appear to be quite distinct at the extremes
of their distribution, e. g., N. chenopodi in northern United States
and N. helenae in Florida and southeastern United States, and are
markedly different in size, shape of vertex, shape of scutellum, de-
eree of coloration and shape of aedeagus and last ventral segment
of female. However, some specimens taken in Kansas and vicinity
184 Tue UNIvERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
show a definite convergence of characters, making them nearly
indistinguishable externally, with even the genitalia of the males
in near agreement in one or two structures. Typically, N. chenopodii
is characterized by a curved aedeagus, in lateral view, a membra-
nous apex bluntly rounded and with lateral processes lacking ap-
proximately a tenth of being as long as aedeagus, the tips of proc-
esses fitting closely to shaft. In N. helenae the aedeagus is simi-
larly curved, but instead of being smoothly rounded at apex the tip
has a short inward hook. In addition the lateral processes are as
long as the aedeagus and instead of fitting snugly along shaft at
tip the apical one-fifth flares outward. In general the genitalia of
N. helenae are smaller than N. chenopodu and the styles compara-
tively shorter and with more angulate apices.
Specimens from Kansas and vicinity are usually distinct, but
occasionally the two appear to merge in one or more characters.
For example, the typically deep notch in the last ventral segment
of N. helenae from which arises a slightly bifid strap is occasionally
shortened to approach the shallow sinuations on either side of the
median notch typical of N. chenopodii. Female specimens other-
wise typically N. chenopodii sometimes have truncate ultimate seg-
ments closely approaching N. helenae in structure. In the males the
commonest resemblance is found when the general appearance of
styles and aedeagus are typically as in N. helenae, but the lateral
processes of the aedeagus shortened as in N. chenopodw. In such
cases the predominance of characters, both external and internal,
have been those of N. helenae, so that usually the males have been
classified as N. helenae, atypical. However, atypical females seem
more numerous.
Two male specimens are at hand indicating new distribution
records for N. helenae, one in the collection of E. W. Davis labeled
Ames, Iowa, June 21, 1931, H. H. Knight, and a second in the Snow
Entomological Collection labeled Redfield, 8. Dak., July 20, 1937,
R. H. Beamer.
Norvellina snowi (Ball)
(Plates XXIV, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 9)
Eutettiz snowi Ball, E. D., Proc. Dav. Ac. Se. Vii, p. 49, 1907.
The original description follows:
“Form and general appearance of saucia, nearly, much paler, pattern and
color of mildredae, nearly, but lacking the black markings. White, with a
very pale brownish-olive color pattern. Length, female, 4.75mm., width
1.5 mm.
Linpsay: Tue Genus Norve.uina 185
Vertex rather long, very slightly angled, disc almost flat, the margins thick,
elevated, slightly acutely angled with front. Elytra rather short, venation
regular, the apical cells short.
Color. Vertex pale creamy white, sometimes with six faint brown spots on
anterior margin and traces of irrorations on the disc. Pronotum finely irro-
rate with pale olive, with a brownish cast. Elytra hyaline, with the pattern
of mildredae, or saucia, nearly, very pale brown olive, the saddle fading out
towards the costa, pattern covering the entire claval area except for a narrow
ivory white margin along suture on anterior half. Saddle with the anterior
margin sloping rapidly backwards and fading out before reaching costa, rather
broadly connecting with the apical cloud inside the middle of the disc. Three
or four points on outer margin of claval pattern, one on anterior edge of sad-
dle, another at apex of clavus and a few against the third and fourth apical
veinlets, brownish or fuscous.
Genitalia. Female segment with a posterior margin gently rounding, a pair
of minute acute median teeth set off by a slight notch on either side.
Habitat. Described from three specimens from Douglass, Ariz., altitude
3,750 feet (F. H. Snow), one from Catal Springs, Ariz. (Barber and Schwarz,
U.S. N. M.) and one from Cornell U. coll. labelled ‘Ariz. Lot 34’, all females.”
Genitalia. As above, styles long, slightly bulged in center of nar-
rowed distal portion, ending in slightly out-curved, rounding knob.
Aedeagus in lateral view curved dorsally ending apically with short,
membranous inward beak as in N. helenae; shaft roughened on outer
margin of distal half and with a pair of ventrolateral processes
arising broadly near base and tapering to near apex. Pygofer about
half longer than median width with slender, incurved hook arising
on posterior ventral margin, free portion extending dorsally about
three-fourths width of pygofer.
Lectotype female, Douglass, Ariz., Alt., 3,750, August, F. H. Snow,
in the collection of Doctor Ball, and allotype male described above,
Patagonia, Ariz., August 21, 1935, R. H. Beamer, in the Snow Ento-
mological Collection, here designated. Two cotypes from Douglass,
Ariz., are at hand as well as specimens from Patagonia, Santa Rita
Mts., and Tucson, Ariz.
Norvellina perelegantis (Ball)
(Plates XXIV, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 10)
Eutettix perelegantis, Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XXXIII, p. 46, 1901.
Readily distinguished from N. mildredae (Ball) by fuscous apex
of scutellum. The original description follows:
“Form and colour pattern of mildredae, slightly smaller and darker. Length,
5 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex slightly more angular than in mildredae, distinctly longer on middle
than against eye, transversely depressed; front narrower than in mildredae,
186 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
not rounding in to the clypeus. Pronotum not as convex, the posterior margin
scarcely emarginate.
Colour. Vertex pale creamy, six equidistant, pale fulvous spots on margin,
basal half sparsely irrorated with pale fulvous. Pronotum dirty white, heavily
marked with black behind the eyes; a broad parallel margined stripe on either
side the median line, olive brown. Scutellum brownish fuscous, irrorate with
pale, a small spot at apex, a pair of larger quadrangular ones on lateral mar-
gins back of the suture, and a minute one at each basal angle, milk white.
Elytra, colour and pattern as in mildredae. Face dirty white, spots on lorae
as in the former species. Below fuscous and pale.
Genitalia. Utimate ventral segment of the female over twice the length
of the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly rounding, the median fourth
roundingly emarginate one-fourth the depth, with a stout median tooth often
bidentate at the apex; male valve obtusely triangular, the apex roundingly
truncate, trilobate; plates three times the length of the valve, long triangular,
the apex acute, filamentous, margins with silky hairs.
Described from five females and one male from Salida, Ridgway and
Durango, Colorado. Readily separated from mildredae by the colour pattern
of the vertex, pronotum and scutellum, and the distinct female segment.”
Genitalia. As above, aedeagus in lateral view slender and curved
sharply at base, apex rounding on outer margin; two ventrolateral
processes arising at base and extending nearly length of shaft, distal
one-fourth resembling a spearhead. Pygofer broad, posterior hook
arising near ventral margin and curving broadly, following rounded
posterior margin of pygofer, free from base but partially under
membranous margin.
Lectotype male, here designated from the cotype series and in the
collection of Doctor Ball. Allotype female, Salida, Colo., July 24,
1900, designated in the Colorado State Agricultural College collec-
tion. Two other females of the cotype series and two females and
one male specimen from Fort Collins, Colo., have also been ex-
amined, as well as one male, Fort Collins, described above, and
other specimens from Poudre Canyon, Durango and two specimens
labeled “Colo., Ball.” Other localities represented include Utah,
Oregon, and a pair taken at Indio, Cal., August 5, 1936, R. H.
Beamer.
Norvellina mildredae (Ball)
(Plates XXIV, XXVII, XXIX; fig. 11)
Eutettix mildredae, Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XX XIII, p. 45, 1901.
Closely resembling N. perelegantis (Ball), but easily distinguished
by light-colored apical third of scutellum, as well as male pygofer
hook. Females usually about 6.25 mm. in length and 2 mm. wide;
males 5.5 mm. long and 1.75 mm. wide. The original description
follows:
Linpsay: Tur Genus NorvELLINA 187
“Form and general appearance of pulchella; colour pattern of scaber, but
with extra markings, and different colours on pronotum and elytra. Length,
5.5 mm.; width, 1.75 mm.
Vertex slightly angularly rounded, transversely depressed before the apex;
front as in scaber, the margin between front and vertex more strongly pro-
duced. Pronotum slightly angularly rounding anteriorly, much more so than
in scaber; lateral angles scarcely apparent, rounding from eye; pronotum and
scutellum convex, elevated.
Colour. Vertex orange-yellow, paler at base; scutellum orange, the basal
angles and the margins at apex irrorate with fuscous. Pronotum dirty white,
some black spots next the eyes; disc irrorate, pale olive-brown, omitting an
oval spot on the posterior disc on either side and the median line. Elytra
milk white, with black margined areas of olive-brown, as follows: All of
clavus except a semicircular spot at base and another at middle of claval
suture; an oblique band on corium, beyond this spot narrowing to the costa.
There are three pairs of black spots along the sutural margin of clavus, the
apical pair largest. The claval suture between the white spots, and the
anterior and costal margins of the oblique band, heavily black. Inner apical
cells and a few spots on costa irrorate with black. Face orange, a black spot
on outer angle of either lora. Below pale yellow and fuscous.
Genitalia. Ultimate ventral segment of the female about twice the length
of the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly, slightly rounding, the median
third produced in two rounding lobes; the notch between them not as deep
as their length, the lobes usually black; male valve obtusely triangular, a
httle over half the length of the ultimate segment; plates long triangular,
about three times the length of the valve, the apex attentuate, filamentous,
together with the margin clothed with long silky hairs.
Described from three females from Colorado Springs, taken by the author,
and fourteen examples of both sexes from Manitou, collected by Professor
Van Duzee. This is one of the prettiest Jassids that I have ever seen, and I
take pleasure in naming it after my wife, whose careful drawings will add much
to the value of my future synoptic work.”
Genitalia. As above with styles on distal portion median long,
shightly convex on inner margin and tapering to an apical point near
outer margin. Aedeagus in lateral view long, slender and terminat-
ing apically in slightly narrowed head; two ventrolateral processes
arising near base and extending about length of shaft, apices sharp
and bent toward shaft. Pygofer broad with long, stout, rather
straight hook arising on posterior ventral margin and extending dor-
sally and backward at about a sixty degree angle with the plane of
the ventral margin.
Lectotype female, Colorado Springs, here designated from the
cotype series in Doctor Ball’s collection. One cotype from Colorado
Springs, in the collection of the Colorado State Agricultural College,
examined as well as numerous specimens from Poudre Canyon,
Colo.; Silver City, Las Vegas, Tucumcari, and Luna, N. Mex.; and
Prescott and Yarnell, Ariz.
188 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Norvellina mildredae var. minuta Lindsay
(Plates XXIV, XXVIII, XXIX; fig. 12)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 114, 1938
Closely resembling mildredae in all respects except size and distri-
bution. Small specimens, female 4.75 mm. long and male 4 mm.
Genitalia. Styles and aedeagus shaped as in mildredae, but about
half as large. Pygofer about two-thirds as large as mildredae.
Holotype male, allotype female, and one male paratype from
Ozona, Tex., July 9, 1936, R. H. Beamer. These miniature mildredae
are so strikingly smaller than the true species as to warrant varietal
ranking. In addition their habitat on the open, arid plains indicates
that they are probably from a different host than the mountain
mildredae taken on red cedar and, according to Ball, found only
in sheltered situations.
Norvellina scaber (Osb. and Ball)
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXIX; fig. 13)
Eutettix scaber Osb. and Ball, Proc. Day. Ac. Se., VII, p. 96, 1898.
This large, robust species, although taken in well-collected terri-
tory, 1s represented only by four cotypes and one specimen, and
therefore seems a rare form. The original description follows:
“Form of (Hutettix) lurida, dark, fulvous-brown above, with a large angular
area on the outer base of the elytra. Length, female, 6.5mm.; male, 6mm.
Width, 1.75 mm.
Vertex parallel-margined, over three times wider than long, transversely de-
pressed back of the rounding margin, front broad, wedge-shaped, longer than in
lurida, the clypeus hardly widened at the tip, genae with the outer margin
rounding. Pronotum broad, convex, highest behind, the humeral margin
straight, parallel with the margin of the scutellum. Elytra broad, only slightly
overlapping behind, nervures indistinct.
Color. The vertex reddish-brown anteriorly with five white spots conflu-
ent with the margin, posteriorly with two white spots just before the margin
slightly nearer each other than the eyes, face light yellow, a black spot against
the outer margin of the lorae, pronotum and scutellum chestnut, finely irro-
rate, two white spots on the scutellum against the ends of the transverse de-
pression and another at tip; elytra heavily irrorate, almost clouded with dark
chestnut, except for the outer margin of the basal part of the clavus the entire
basal half of the corium, and an indistinct transverse band just before tip
strongest on the costal margin. The basal part of corium in hyaline yellowish,
oblique behind, bordered above by a narrow white line on the margin of the
clavus and extending forward across the lateral margin of the pronotum to
the corner of the eye; below yellowish.
Genitalia. Female, ultimate ventral segment moderately long, lateral angles
rounding, posterior margin slightly produced and feebly notched in the middle,
pygofers much longer than in lurida, obscure yellowish with brown spots; male
Linpsay: THE Genus NorvELLINA 189
valve rounding, plates triangular, twice the length of the valve, their margins
clothed with long hairs.
Described from three females and one male, collected at Ames, Iowa; two
of them swept from white oak.”
Genitalia. As above, with distally narrowed portion of styles
moderately long and bluntly pointed on apices. Aedeagus in lateral
view curved sharply near base and extending dorsally with swollen
hump on outer curve of shaft just prior to apex with short inward
beak; a pair of ventrolateral processes arising basally and extending
to near apex of shaft, curved at tip correspondingly with hump on
shaft. Pygofer large and broad, not much longer than median
width, and with hook arising on posterior-ventral corner inside the
pygofer plate and projecting dorsally.
Doctor Ball (Proc. Dav. Ac. Sc., XII, p. 27, 1907) later consid-
ered this species as a variety of pulchella, and although there is a
resemblance in pattern, all other characteristics indicate a distinct
species. Curiously enough the internal genitalia here are about the
size of most of the smaller species in the genus.
Lectotype male, allotype female, Ames, Iowa, here designated
and in the Iowa State College collection. Two cotypes and one
other specimen, all females, in the collection of Doctor Ball.
Norvellina flavida Lindsay
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXIX; fig. 14)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 114, 1938
Closely resembling N. pulchella (Baker), but easily distinguished
by the broadly suffused, canary yellow corium anterior to costal
plaque, vertex not so produced and more rounding, with generally
lighter markings on dise. Pygofer hook vestigial. Length of fe-
male, about 5 mm.; male, 4.75 mm.
Vertex scarcely produced at center in males, more distinctly in
females with definite margin; only slightly arched behind transverse
depression. Pronotum slightly arched in lateral view. Elytra long,
overlapping.
Color. Front yellow streaked with brown, yellow extending
slightly over margin of vertex. Vertex with four brown spots near
anterior margin with a similar spot behind each ocellus usually con-
nected to tawny-brown pattern behind transverse depression. Pro-
notum fuscous, omitting a sprinkling of light areas and irregular,
yellowish lateral margins. Scutellum about like pronotum, slightly
lighter. Elytra with median pattern composed of brown back-
ground covered with fuscous vermiculations extending over most of
190 Tue UnIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
clavus to apex, and spreading laterally to margin at costal plaque,
omitting three pairs of small, round semihyaline aereoles on mesal
margin; elytron distal to clavus with lighter continuation of pattern
to apex, mostly in third and fourth apical cells.
Genitalia. Female ultimate segment more than twice length of
preceding, rounding posteriorly from lateral margins, slightly pro-
duced at center with median notch sinuate either side. Male plates
long-triangular, acuminate at apices. Styles longer than usually on
distally narrowed portion, rounding on inner margin. Aedeagus in
lateral view sharply curved dorsally, tapering on distal half to
dorsoventrally flared apex, about four times broader than shaft next
apex; a pair of ventrolateral processes arising at base and tapering
to a little past apex of shaft, more curved at tip. Pygofer almost
triangular, hook vestigial.
Holotype male, allotype female, 18 miles N. W. Fort Stockton,
Tex., July 11, 1936, R. H. Beamer. Paratypes from following
localities: Eight males, four females, as above; four males, 47 mi.
W. Sheffield, Tex., July 10, 1936; seven males, sixteen females,
Rodeo, N. Mex., June 8, 1933; one male, one female, Sheffield, Tex.,
July 10, 1936; one male, one female, Las Cruces, N. Mex., July
1, 1932; one male and one female, Satillo Coahuila, Mexico, No-
vember 21, 1932; one female each from Santa Rita Mts., Arizona,
July 17, 1932, and Davis Mts., Texas, June 2, 1937; and one male,
Hope, N. Mex. Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological Col-
lection. Paratypes in U. S. N. M. and collection of Mrs. J. N.
Knull.
Norvellina pulchella (Baker)
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXIX; fig. 15)
Eutettiz pulchella Baker, C. F., Psyche, VII, suppl. 1., p. 24, 1896.
With pattern and color as in NV. scaber (Ball), but smaller, not so
plump in appearance. Length of female, about 5 mm., male, 4.5
mm. Distinguished from all other species in the genus by two long,
armlike, posteriorly directed hooks arising on each of the involute
ventral margins of the pygofer.
Vertex short, broadly rounding, only slightly more produced at
center than next eyes; transverse depression shallow, dise only
slightly arched posteriorly. Pronotum slightly arched in lateral
view, anterior margin more produced than posterior.
Color. Vertex yellowish on margin with four extensions of brown
coloring on dise slightly anterior to transverse depression; reddish-
brown coloring on posterior disc and pronotum, except for ivory
LinpsAy: Tur Genus NORVELLINA 191
lateral margins omitting numerous irregular whitish spots. Scutel-
lum similarly colored with three marginal white spots forming apical
triangle, usually with four distinct spots on anterior disc and numer-
ous small spots. Elytra with heavily vermiculate median pattern
covering most of clavus to apex and extending laterally from distal
third of clavus to costal plaque, with three hyaline equidistant spots
on mesal margin, basal corium mostly hyaline to fumose; elytra
beyond clavus coarsely vermiculate, heavier on third and fourth
apical cells.
Genitalia. Female ultimate segment twice longer than preceding,
rounding from sides to centrally produced posterior margin with
small median tooth slightly bifid and notched at either side. Male
valve obtusely angular, about three-fourths length of preceding seg-
ment, plates long-triangular, not attenuate. Styles on narrowed
distal portion moderately long, extending diagonally laterad and
slightly knobbed on apices. Aedeagus in lateral view short, shaft
nearly straight, roughly toothed on outer margin with a pair of lat-
eral processes arising near base and extending about three-fourths
length of shaft. Pygofer broad, only slightly longer than median
width, rounding posteriorly with long, armlike process arising on
involute ventral margin and extending posteriorly nearly half of
length beyond posterior pygofer.
Lectotype male, San Augustine, N. Mex. (Ckll. ?), deposited in
the U. 8. N. M. Allotype female, Hot Springs, N. Mex., July 21,
1936, R. H. Beamer and in the Snow Entomological Collection.
Numerous specimens are at hand from Patagonia, Tucson, Mescal,
Hereford, and Alamo, Ariz., and Hot Springs, N. Mex. As stated
by Doctor Ball (Proc. Dav. Ac. Sc., XT; jp. 52, 1907), this is a
southern form and Baker’s specimens from Fort Collins probably
belong to the saucia group, since they are qualified in the original
description.
Norvellina columbiana (Ball)
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXIX; fig. 16)
Eutettix columbiana Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XLVIII, p. 125, 1916.
The original description of the male follows:
“Resembling perelegantis and mildredae, but lighter in colour and lacking
the definite shades of orange and olive. Form of saucia nearly. Length, male,
5mm.
Vertex roundingly right-angled, the apex blunt, disc slightly sloping, de-
pressed before the margin. Pronotum as in saucia, lacking the definite gibbous
appearance of perelegantis. Venation as in saucia.
Colour ivory white, with a pale, tawny and olive-brown saddle with black
*
192 THE UNIversiry ScreENCcE BULLETIN
points. Vertex creamy, with traces of four brown points on the margin, a
pair of rather large irregular spots on the posterior submargin a little more
than their own width from the eyes. Face and below creamy. Pronotum
ivory, mottled with olive and brown, omitting the lateral and most of the
anterior margin; two definite black spots behind the inner angle of either eye
and two irregular ones nearer the median line. Scutellum creamy, the lateral
angles olive brown. Elytra ivory subhyaline, with an olive-brown saddle as in
saucia, but lighter or wanting along the sutures, and with three definite, dark
points extending almost to the claval suture, apical cloud reduced to spots on
third and fourth nervures.
Genitalia of male as in sauwcza.
Described from two males from Wenatchee, Washington, collected by the
writer. From saucia this species can be separated by the definite black spots
on the pronotum, from perelegantis by the structure of head and pronotum.”
The above description of color modified to fumose, with a light-
brown saddle irrorate with brown, since the majority of specimens
at hand are darker than the two cotypes. The females closely re-
semble the males, slightly larger, 6.75 mm. long.
Genitalia. Ultimate segment of female about three times longer
than preceding, rounding gently at sides, nearly truncate on posterior
margin with median notch. Posterior margin, except at center,
widely membranous. Male valve short, obtuse; plates moderately
long-triangular, nearly acuminate at apices. Aedeagus in lateral
view long, curving dorsally more sharply at a point about one-third
length of shaft, apex rounding on outer margin with short inward
beak; a pair of ventrolateral processes arising basally and extending
broadly to near apices where they narrow to a point even with apex
of shaft. Pygofer broad, little longer than median width; a thick-
ened hook attached along posterior border, free portion about one-
third total length and directed dorsally.
Lectotype male, Wenatchee, Wash., August 18, 1912, designated
in the collection of Doctor Ball. Allotype female, Pasco, Wash.,
July 8, 1935, Oman, here designated and in the U.S. N. M. Three
males and one additional female from the latter locality have been
examined.
Norvellina vermiculata Lindsay
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXIX; fig. 17)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 115, 1938
Closely resembling N. saucia (Ball), but with median pattern
lighter and composed of coarsely reticulate vermiculations over a
light background; veins on corium dark and interspersed with lhght
vermiculations. Length, about 4.75 mm.
Vertex obtusely angulate in females, distinctly more produced at
center than next eyes; males more rounding.
Linpsay: THE Genus NorvELLINA 193
Color. Vertex with four irregular brown spots near anterior mar-
gin and one behind each ocellus on ivory to cream-colored back-
ground; discs posterior to transverse depression usually vermiculate
with brown. Pronotum vermiculate with brown except for light
areas along anterior and lateral margins and on dise so that there
often appears to be longitudinal light lines on pronotum. Scutellum
tawny to brown omitting numerous light spots. Elytra as above,
apices sparsely vermiculate.
Genitalia. Ultimate female segment twice longer than preceding,
sloping inward on posterior half of lateral margins; posterior mar-
gin truncate with short, slightly bifid, wedge-shaped median tooth,
shallowly notched at either side. Male valve obtuse, over half
length of preceding segment; plates triangular, about twice as long
as basal width, slightly attenuate at apices. Aedeagus in lateral
view short, curved dorsally, rounding on outer margin near apex,
slightly constricted to apical head bluntly pointed on inner margin;
a pair of ventrolateral processes. Pygofer twice longer than median
width, narrowed posteriorly with hook attached on posterior margin,
free portion extending dorsally half the length of hook.
Holotype male, allotype female, and four male paratypes, Berger,
Idaho, June 15, 1931, Wind vane trap. Other paratypes as fol-
lows: Two males, Hansen, Idaho, June 22, 1931; five males, Hollis-
ter, Idaho, June 22, 1931; two females, Promontory, Utah, August
6, 1930,-on Atriplex, G. F. Knowlton, collector; two males, Mur-
taugh, Idaho, June 23, 1931; one female each from Wendell, Idaho,
June 14, 1934, A. tridentata, and Haberman, Idaho, Blue Gulch,
September 4, 1932; and one male each from Burley, Idaho, June 23,
1931; Jerome, Idaho, July 8, 1932; Castleford, Idaho, July 11, 1932;
and Maybell, Colo., June 30, 1931, R. H. Beamer. Types and
paratypes in U. 8. N. M. and paratypes in Snow Entomological
Collection.
Norvellina varia Lindsay
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 18)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 116, 1939
Closely resembling N. saucia (Ball), but with the pronotum more
heavily infuseate and the general color pattern more reddish-brown.
Length, females about 5 mm.; males, 4.75 mm.
Vertex distinctly more produced at center than next the eyes,
transverse depression usually distinct, posterior disc slightly in-
clined in lateral view. Pronotum moderately arched in lateral view.
Elytra relatively narrow; specimens in dorsal view not appearing as
plump as in saucia.
13—2181
194 Tue UNIversity SCIENCE BULLETIN
Color. Vertex with four elongate, light-brown spots near anterior
margin with a similar spot behind each ocellus; posterior to trans-
verse depression usually sparsely vermiculate with tawny brown on
ivory background. Pronotum heavily infuscate except for narrow
lateral margins and omitting numerous light spots, especially on
anterior tnargin between the eyes. Scutellum with triangular red-
dish areas on lateral corners, the center more brown and the two
colors separated by linear light spots. Elytra with median pattern
as in saucia, but darker, composed of tawny-brown background
heavily irrorate with mahogany; distal portion sparsely vermiculate
with fuscous over anteapical cells, more heavily on third and
fourth apical cells.
Genitalia. Ultimate female segment about twice length of pre-
ceding, posterior margin gently rounding with a very short tooth
either side of a shallow median notch, slightly sinuate at either side.
Male valve obtuse; plates long-triangular, nearly acuminate on
distal half. Aedeagus in lateral view stout, curved dorsally on basal
half, distal half nearly straight and ending in bluntly rounded apex;
two slender ventrolateral processes arising at base and extending
slightly beyond apex, mostly free of shaft. Pygofer broad, sloping
distally toward dorsally extended hook arising on posterior margin
and with free portion about equal to posterior width of pygofer.
Holotype male, allotype female, Pasadena, Cal., July 31, 1912,
E. D. Ball; one male paratype, Pasadena, Cal., April 23, 1908; four
female paratypes, Ontario, Cal., June 14, 1931, E. D. Ball. Types
and paratypes in Doctor Ball’s collection and paratypes in Snow
Entomological Collection. Other specimens are at hand from Three
Rivers, Pine Valley, San Jacinto Mts., Campo, San Gabriel Canyon,
and Colfax, Cal., and Cisco, Utah, but all showing slight variations
and for this reason are not included in the paratype series. The ap-
parent tendency of this form to vary in shape of and markings on
vertex, while genital structures remain constant, accounts for its spe-
cific name.
Norvellina saucia (Ball)
(Plates XXV, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 19)
Eutettix saucia Ball, E. D., Can. Ent. XX XIII, p. 46, 1901.
The original description follows:
“Form and general appearance of scaber, smaller and paler, the vertex
mostly pale. Length, 4.5mm.; width, 1.5mm.
Vertex longer, narrower and more angulated than in scaber; face narrower
above, longer than its basal width, rounding to the clypeus. The pronotum
broadly and evenly rounding in front, truncate behind, almost twice the length
of the vertex.
Linpsay: THe Genus NorveLLINA 195
Colour. Vertex pale yellow, six minute points on anterior margin and three
irregular irrorate patches on posterior margin brownish fuscous. Pronotum
white, coarsely irrorate with dull brown except a narrow lateral margin and
traces of three pale lines. Scutellum more finely irrorate, three ivory white
points in a triangle beyond the transverse line. Elytra milky white, closely
and finely irrorate with dull brown, as follows: All of clavus except a narrow
strip along basal two-thirds of claval suture, once or twice interrupted and
broadened at the end; a rather narrow oblique strip across corium beyond this
and some irregular markings towards the apex, which form two definite spots
on the costa. Two pairs of pale spots along the sutural margin of clavus.
Fale pale yellow, below, pale and fuscous.
Genitalia. Ultimate ventral segment of the female nearly twice longer than
penultimate, the posterior margin nearly truncate from the rounding angles,
with two triangular, slightly protruding median teeth; male valve very ob-
tusely triangular; plates long triangular, their apices attenuate, black clothed
with fine silky hair.
Described from a pair from Denver, a male from Fort Collins, Colo., and
another from Tucson, Ariz. This species is closely allied to scaber, from which
the longer vertex, smaller form, lighter color and absence of distinct band on
vertex will easily distinguish it.”
Gemtalia. As above, but in addition with aedeagus in lateral view
long and evenly curved dorsally, ending apically with an inwardly
directed, fingerlike process; two ventrolateral processes arising near
base and extending broadly to near apex of shaft. Pygofer a little
longer than median width, sloping distally to a stout, nearly straight
hook attached on posterior margin and extending dorsally, free on
distal third.
Lectotype female, allotype male, Denver, Colo., September 7,
1898, here designated, the lectotype in Doctor Ball’s collection and
the allotype in the Colorado State Agricultural College collection.
The remaining two cotypes have been examined and the one from
Arizona proved to be N. snowi (Ball), described at a later date.
Eight additional specimens are at hand: One female, Fort Collins,
Colo., August 29, 1902; one male, Greeley, Colo., August 5, 1901;
one female, Buena Vista, Colo., September 19, 1901; and five males,
Colorado, two 2158, two 1596, and one 2121, collection of C. F.
Baker, and in the U.S. N. M.
Norvellina numerosa Lindsay
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 20)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 117, 1938
Closely resembling N. saucia (Ball) externally, but usually darker
on median pattern with lateral margins irregularly bordered with
dark fuscous and aedeagus in lateral view, short and thick, more
evenly curved and with processes much longer than shaft. Length
of female, about 5 mm.; males, 4.75.
196 Tue UNIvERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Vertex obtusely angulate on anterior margin; in lateral view with
shallow, transverse depression and posterior dise slightly inelined.
Pronotum, in lateral view, scarcely arched. Elytra moderately
broad giving specimens stout appearance.
Color. Vertex pale ivory or whitish with four very small, brown
dots on anterior margin and a similar dot, usually elongate, behind
each ocellus; with sparse, sometimes indistinct, vermiculations back
of transverse furrow. Pronotum light along lateral margins and in
irregular patches on anterior margin, the remainder vermiculate
with brown, distinctly or lightly, usually appearing trilineate longi-
tudinally with fumose white. Elytra as in saucia, but darker,
usually fringed with irregular fuscous border.
Genitalia. Ultimate female segment twice length of preceding,
rounding on posterior margin with a distinct median notch and a
smaller notch on either side. Male valve obtuse, plates long-
triangular, slightly attenuate. Aedeagus in lateral view much as
in N. varia, but shorter and thicker, with ventrolateral process
extending about one-sixth beyond apex of shaft. Pygofer a little
longer than median width with a slender, straight hook broadly at-
tached on posterior margin at an angle of about forty-five degrees
with the extended plane of the ventral margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, one male and two female para-
types, Prescott, Ariz., July 29, 1933, R. H. Beamer. Numerous other
paratypes from the following localities: Prescott, Yarnell Heights,
Yarnell, Superior, Oracle, Tucson, Williams, Granite Dell, Yavapai
county, Congress Junction, and Glenn Oaks, Arizona; San Jacinto
Mountains, Tehachapi, Orange county, Laguna Mountains, Doyle,
Mojave, Chileoot, Newton, Los Angeles county, and Fresno, Cali-
fornia; Silver City, New Mexico; Las Vegas, Nina, Alamo, Wells,
and Glendale, Nevada; Pintura, St. George, Modena, and Granite,
Utah. Types and paratypes in Snow Entomological Collection; ad-
ditional paratypes in Doctor Ball’s collection and in U.S. N. M.
This species and the three preceding species make up a closely
related group, which, for convenience, might be called the saucia
group, since all the above species have at various times been placed
in with N. saucia (Ball) due to a lack of stable and distinguishing
characters. Only with the use of male genitalia is definite separa-
tion possible, since external appearances intergrade promiscuously,
sometimes with one combination of characters and sometimes with
another, but in the main as described. In selecting types the author
chose those specimens possessing the largest number of stable ex-
LinpsaYy: THe Genus NorvELLINA 197
ternal characters in hopes that the majority of specimens in this
group can be thus keyed out. By far the larger number of speci-
mens heretofore classified as N. saucia (Ball) belong in this latter
species and suggested the specific name.
Norvellina rubida (Ball)
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 21)
Eutettiz rubida Ball, E. D., Can. Ent. XLVIII, p. 126, 1916.
The original description follows:
“Form of pannosa nearly. Shorter and broader with short apical cells.
Colour and pattern of saucia nearly. Length: Female, 4mm.
Vertex and pronotum nearly flat as in pannosa. Vertex broader than in
that species and equally long, the apex slightly obtusely angled. Whole mar-
gin inclined to be thin and slightly upturned before the depression. Elytra
very broad and short. Venation similar to saucia, except that the apical cells
are only one-half as long. The central apical cell equally broad and long.
Colour red-brown and ivory. Vertex testaceous, the margins, ivory, with
four large nearly quadrangular spots before the depression. Pronotum densely
mottled with rusty brown, omitting the lateral margins. Scutellum rusty
brown. Elytra ivory, with a dark, rusty-brown saddle of the saucza pattern,
the line next the claval suture nearly straight and not dark margined, the
apical cells densely clouded.
Genitalia. Female segment moderately long, nearly truncate, with a broad,
short, bilobed projection.
Described from a single female taken by the writer in Logan Canyon, Utah;
altitude, 6,000 feet. This is a strikingly distinct species, in the broad short
form, short apical cells and long flat vertex.”
Male. Structure and coloration about the same, only slightly
narrower. Length of each sex about 4mm.
Genitalia. Female as above. Male valve short, obtuse; plates
long-triangular, about twice longer than basal width, not acuminate.
Aedeagus in lateral view long, curved dorsally and with a blunt
triangular process on inner margin at apex, nearly avicephaliform;
Two ventrolateral processes arising near base and extending length
of shaft, bent sharply inward to a point at apices to correspond to
inward process of aedeagus. Pygofer a little longer than broad,
rounding apically to a short hook on posterior margin directed dor-
sally and with distal one-fourth free of attachment to pygofer.
Lectotype female, Logan Canyon, Utah, altitude 6,000 feet, E. D.
Ball and in Doctor Ball’s collection; allotype male, Yellowstone
Park, Wyo., July 20-25, 1920, A. A. Nichol, and in the Snow En-
tomological Collection. Study based on a female metatype, Grand
Teton National Park, August 18, 1931, R. H. Beamer. In addition,
one male, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., July 20-25, 1920, A. A. Nichol,
198 THE UNIversiIty ScreENcE BULLETIN
and one female, Brighton, Utah, September 1, 1933, Davis and
Dorst, have been determined by the author as this species. The two
males, holotype and paratype, of N. oregona Ball (Fla. Ent., XV,
p. 3, 1931), have been carefully examined, and although they are
very slightly smaller in all respects they are considered by the
author as synonyms of N. rubida (Ball).
Norvellina excavata Lindsay
(Plates XXVI XXVIII, XXX; fig. 22
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 119, 1938
Closely resembling N. pulchella (Baker), but with infuscated
area on posterior dise of vertex not extending to transverse furrow,
the anterior margin of this area with small, rounded excavations
each side of median line and conspicuously separated from dots
near anterior margin of vertex. Length, about 5 mm.
Vertex rounding to front, more produced at center than next the
eyes; transverse depression very shallow, dise slightly inclined
posteriorly.
Color. Vertex ivory to tan with four very small brown spots on
anterior edge of transverse furrow and a slightly elongate spot be-
hind each ocellus; approximately the basal half of vertex with brown
to fuscous pattern omitting irregular, small, whitish spots; anterior
margin of pattern with a small, rounded indentation either side of
median line. Dorsum of species with typical saddle markings.
Genitalia. Ultimate female segment about twice length of pre-
ceding, posterior third of lateral margins rounding posteriorly and
nearly straight across on posterior margin, with a slightly bifid,
median projection notched on either side about half the length of
the projection. Male valve obtuse, plates long-triangular, over twice
the length of basal width. Aedeagus in lateral view of medium
length, curving dorsally with sharply incurved, bluntly rounding
apex; two ventrolateral processes arising near base and extending
about five-sixths the length of shaft, the distal one-third somewhat
spear-headed, with tips turning slightly outward from shaft. Pygofer
narrowing sharply on distal half with a long, stout hook extending
dorsally and back at about an angle of thirty degrees with the
plane of the ventral margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, Valentine, Tex., July 13, 1927,
R. H. Beamer, and paratypes as follows: One male, Ozona, Tex.,
July 9, 1936, R. H. Beamer; one female, Hidalgo county, Texas,
July 28, 1928, A. M. James; one female, Davis Mts., Tex., June 2,
1937, D. J. and J. N. Knull; and one male, Uvalde, Tex., Aug. 4,
Linpsay: THe Genus NorvELLINA 199
1937, D. J. and J. N. Knull. Types and paratypes are in the Snow
Entomological Collection, and paratypes in the collection of Mrs.
J. N. Knull.
Norvellina rostrata Lindsay
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 23)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 120, 1938
Resembling N. varia n. sp., but usually a little darker on median
pattern, vertex more angulate and produced at center, transverse
depression indistinct, and aedeagus in lateral view broad and beak-
like in appearance. Length of male, 5 mm.; female, 5.5 mm.
Vertex angulate from dorsal view, in lateral view margin rounded
but distinct, with only a suggestion of a transverse furrow and
sloping upward from anterior to posterior margin. Pronotum mod-
erately arched in lateral view. Elytra long and narrow.
Color. Vertex mostly brown, omitting whitish to ivory areas
along anterior margin and in irregular patches on disc; customary
spots along anterior margin modified to more or less indistinct ex-
tensions of brown pattern. Pronotum brown on median portion,
shading to fuscous on lateral thirds excluding an irregular, light
lateral margin and numerous light spots sometimes fused. Scutellum
brown to fuscous omitting numerous light spots and a light ivory,
triangular spot at each end of transverse suture. Elytra with
typical saddle pattern light, margin of basal clavus along claval
suture opaque white, basal corium mostly hyaline, allowing yellow
wall of abdomen to show through distinctly; elytra beyond clavus
semihyaline covered with fuscous vermiculations, sparse near clavus
but heavier in extremes of third and fourth apical cells, omitting a
hyaline area along the median margin in the fourth.
Genitalia. Ultimate segment of female at least twice the length
of the preceding segment, rounding strongly on lateral margins;
posterior margin strongly produced to a small median notch, sinuate
on either side. Male valve obtusely rounding; plates long-triangu-
lar, outer margins broadly indented about one-third distance to
apices. Aedeagus in lateral view appearing broad and _ beaklike,
width about one-third of length; width due to a thin, membranous,
keel-like extension on outer margin; base thickened dorsoventrally
with a pair of processes arising on outer margin and extending along
outer edge of membrane to apex of shaft. Pygofer less than twice
length of median width, broadly rounded posteriorly with an irregu-
lar hook curved along posterior margin.
200 THe UNIversiry ScreENCcE BULLETIN
Holotype male, allotype female, and two paratypes, male and
female, Lucerne, Cal., July 17, 1935, R. H. and Jack Beamer. Types
and paratypes are in the Snow Entomological Collection.
Norvellina pannosa (Ball)
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 24)
Eutettix pannosa Ball, E. D., Can. Ent. XXIV, p. 12, 1902.
The original description follows:
“Resembling saucia and scaber in general appearance, smaller, darker, and
with longer vertex and more generally reticulate elytra. Length: female, 4.5
mm.; male,4mm. Width: female, 1.5mm.; male, 1.25 mm.
Vertex right angled, apex blunt, three-fifths as long as its basal width, two-
thirds as long as the pronotum, half longer on middle than against eye, disc
slightly sloping, flat, with the apex elevated. Face retreating, forming an acute
angle with the vertex, front rather broad. Elytra rather short, compressed at
the apex, venation weak, irregularly reticulate, the second cross nervure some-
times present.
Colour. Vertex and pronotum pale cinereous or milky, heavily and very
evenly irrorate with brownish fuscous, except that the anterior margin of the
vertex presents six more or less definite dark spots, and the lateral margin of
the pronotum is narrowly lined with ivory white. Elytra with the inner halves
resembling the pronotum in colour, the outer half on either side milk white,
with more or less of brownish reticulation, especially along the costal margin.
The brown area on the disc being heaviest along the margin, and shading out
towards the suture, the milk-white area being continuous with that on the
margin of the pronotum and including the claval suture to just before the
middle, when it narrows down obliquely to one-half the former width, and be-
comes obscured by the heavier reticulation toward the tip. Face closely and
evenly irrorate with fuscous.
Genitalia. Female segment twice the length of the preceding posterior mar-
gin, rounding with a rather broad, blunt, slightly bilobed median projection,
surface of the segment depressed either side of this tooth; male valve triangu-
lar, narrower than the ultimate segment, and about two-thirds its length;
plates long, triangular, apices acute, three times the length of the valve.
Described from eight specimens from the National Museum collection ‘Los
Angeles county, California, Coquillett collector.’”
Genitalia. In addition to the above the male styles, on narrowed
distal portion, are slightly swollen near the middle of the outer mar-
gin, apices blunt. Aedeagus in lateral view slender, curving dor-
sally with a slightly bulbous apex; two flattened lateral processes
arising near base and extending about one-fifth beyond shaft. Py-
gofer relatively broad, posterior margin angulate with a slender,
tapering hook slightly curved near apex arising near ventral margin
and extending dorsally and back nearly the width of the posterior
margin and at an angle of about forty-five degrees with the plane of
the ventral margin.
Linpsay: THe Genus NorvELLINA 201
Numerous specimens are at hand from the following localities:
Big Bear Lake, Orange county, Alpine, San Diego county, Laguna
Beach, Campo, Beaumont, Claremont, San Jacinto Mts., Mint Can-
yon, Lockwood, Nipomo, Monrovia, Sunset Beach, Mohave, Teha-
chapi, and Cajon Pass, California; and Miami, Ariz.
Norvellina curvata Lindsay
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 25)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 121, 1938
Resembling N. pullata (Ball), but darker and with median pat-
tern extending uniformly from base to apex of clavus and composed
of fuscous irrorations and vermiculations. Length of male, about
5.25 mm.; female, about the same length but broader.
Vertex obtusely angulate on anterior margin, in lateral view
margin definite, transverse depression shallow, disc inclined pos-
teriorly. Pronotum only slightly arched in lateral view. Scutellum
slightly inflated at apex. Elytra of moderate width.
Color. Vertex with whitish to fumose background upon which
are four rather large, irregular, light-brown spots near anterior mar-
gin and a smaller spot behind each ocellus; remainder of disc brown
vermiculate over lighter background. Pronotum reticulate with
brown or fuscous, omitting a whitish line on each lateral margin
and numerous fumose to whitish areas on dise. Scutellum more
heavily reticulate, usually with lateral corners and all but extreme
apex of apical corner darker and with a roughly triangular light spot
at each end of the transverse suture. Elytra with Norvellina type
median pattern, composed of fuscous irrorations and vermiculations,
heaviest on lateral margins .and extending to claval suture on cla-
vus; elytra posterior to clavus sparsely vermiculate, heavier in
apices of second and third anteapical cells and third and fourth
apical cells.
Genitalia. Ultimate female segment round to angulate on lateral-
posterior corners, posterior margin truncate with a slight bifid
median projection. Male valve obtusely rounding; plates long-
triangular, shghtly acuminate at tip. Aedeagus in lateral view long,
sharply curved dorsally near middle, apex rounding on outer margin
to short inward tooth on inner margin; two lateral processes arising
basally and extending very nearly to apex, closely appressed to shaft.
Pygofer large, rounding posteriorly on inner margin to a strong
hook attached on posterior margin and directed dorsally, free por-
tion as long as posterior width of pygofer.
Holotype male, allotype female, one male and two female para-
202 THe UnNtIversity ScriENCE BULLETIN
types, Grand Teton National Park, August 18, 1931, R. H. Beamer.
Types and paratypes are in the Snow Entomological Collection.
Norvellina nevada (Ball)
Eutettiz nevada Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XLVIII, p. 126, 1916.
The original description follows:
“Form of saucia nearly, with a similar saddle. Colour of texana or a pale
pannosa. Length, female, 4.6 mm.
Vertex similar to sawcza, slightly less sloping, pronotum very flat, much less
arched than in saucia. Front very full, roundingly right angled with vertex.
Venation as in pannosa.
Colour creamy white, mottled and washed with pale olive-brown. Vertex
creamy, traces of four brown spots on anterior submargin, three large, slightly
irregular mottled areas along the posterior margin, the median one nearly
circular. Pronotum mottled with pale brown, omitting the lateral margins
and three narrow stripes on the disc. Scutellum mottled with pale brown, with
two stripes. Elytra milky with the saddle of a pale mottled brown, omitting
an irregular sutural stripe. The ivory margin along the claval suture is
narrow and regular as in pannosa, without the posterior enlargement, as in
scitula, and without the usual distinct dark margins. The saddle extends to
costa, but the apical cloud is reduced to a few reticulations. A number of
strong reticulations on basal area of the corium below the saddle.
Genitalia. Female segment rather long, slightly rounding posteriorly, with
a slight, rather broad strap-shaped projection, which is dark-lined back on to
the segment.
Described from a single female collected at Wells, Nevada, by the writer.
The short head will separate this species from pannosa, while the strongly
margined saddle renders it quite distinct from saucia. Its mottled appearance
suggests texana, but that species does not have a saddle.”
Color. The type of the above description is obviously faded, and
from two subsequent specimens it is found that the coloring of the
vertex, pronotum and scutellum is mostly brown on a cream to
whitish background, while the elytra are marked as above, but with
brown fuscous.
Genitalia. Female as above. Male value obtuse; plates long-
triangular, slightly attenuate. Styles on narrowed distal portion
rounding on inner margins to blunt apices. Aedeagus similar to
N. apachana, in lateral view thickened basally curving sharply
dorsally, apex rounding on outer margin and projecting bluntly in-
ward on inner margin; a pair of ventrolateral processes arising
basally and extending to near apex, tips bent slightly imward.
Pygofer narrowed on posterior half to a stout hook arising on
posterior margin and extending dorsally nearly the width of the
base.
Linpsay: Tur Genus NorvELLINA 203
Lectotype female, Wells, Nev., July 20, 1912, E. D. Ball; allotype
male, Redmond, Ore., July 12, 1927, and both in the collection of
Doctor Ball. One female, Walden, Colo., August 20, 1931, R. H.
Beamer, has been compared with the type by this writer and found
to be essentially the same except for darker coloration, being about
the color of the above male determined by Doctor Ball. Since the
lectotype appears either faded or teneral it is safe to assume that
this species is typically as dark as saucia.
Norvellina clarivida (Van D.)
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 27)
Eutettix clarivida Van Duzee, E. P., Can. Ent., X XVI, p. 138, 1894.
The original description follows:
“Form nearly of Eutettiz seminuda. Pale greenish-yellow, anterior edge of
the vertex with a distant pair of large, black spots and two brown points at
the apex. Length, 4% to 5mm.
Vertex hardly one-fourth longer on the middle than next the eye, just one-
half the length of the pronotum; marked with an impressed median line on
the base, either side of which is the usual impressed area near the outer angle
of the disc, and anteriorly is the transverse subapical depression common to
this species of this genus. Front one-fourth longer than wide, clypeus scarcely
expanded apically; cheeks as in seminuda. Valve of the male broad-triangular,
about the length of the last ventral segment; plates about twice the length
of the valve, their outer edges distinctly arquated near the base, pygofers ex-
ceedings the plates, obtuse. Ultimate ventral segment of the female rather
long, hind edge rounded with a short, abrupt median projection or tooth, about
twice as broad as long; pygofers broad, a little surpassed by the stout oviduct.
Colour. Entire insect pale greenish-yellow, polished, paler on the head and
beneath, tips of the tarsal joints embrowned, extreme apex of the rostrum
black, anterior edge of the head with a round, black spot placed just above
and within each ocellus, and two minute equidistant brown points between
these on the apex. Mesonotum and sometimes the basal tergal segments
black. Eyes brownish. Elytra subhyaline with strong yellowish servures.
Colorado. Described from two male and four female examples received
from Prof. C. P. Gillette. Except in its want of ornamentation this insect is
closely related to Hutettix seminuda, Say, like which it approaches Tham-
notettix in many of its characters. But its broader form, the characters of
the vertex and the wide front will indicate its relationship.”
Genitalia. In addition to the above the posterior margin of the
ultimate female segment is sinuate either side of the slightly bifid
median tooth. Aedeagus in lateral view curved dorsally with blunt,
inwardly projecting apex; two ventrolateral processes arising basally
and extending to near apex, tips slightly involute on inner margins.
Pygofer broad posteriorly with a fragile hook arising on margin and
extending dorsally slightly beyond attachment.
204 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Good series of specimens are at hand from Green River and Grand
Junction, Colo.; Richfield, Glenwood, Price, Thompson, Milford,
Rosett, Grantville, Salt Lake, Cedar City, and Wellington, Utah.
Norvellina glauca Lindsay
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 28)
Jour. Kan. Ent. Soc., Vol. 11, p. 122, 1938
Resembling N. clarivida (Van D.), but barely tinged with green,
with a longer vertex and with spots near anterior margin minute
and light brown. Length of male, 4.5 mm.; female, 5.25 mm.
Vertex angulate, posterior margin rounding, considerably more
produced at center than next eyes; in lateral view anterior margin
rather sharp, transverse depression broad, in female dise nearly con-
cave. Pronotum short, rounding to front, nearly truncate behind.
Elytra moderately long.
Color. General color grayish white slightly tinged with green.
Vertex whitish to pale ivory with four small hght-brown spots near
anterior margin, sometimes a faint spot behind each ocellus. Pro-
notum mottled whitish to ivory, occasional faint brown spots on
disc, usually behind the eyes. Scutellum about the color of the ver-
tex. Elytra whitish sprinkled with light brownish to tan vermicu-
lations, obscurely in the Norvellina pattern, slightly more definite
on costal and apical margins.
Genitalia. Ultimate female segment about twice length of pre-
ceding, gently rounding posteriorly on lateral margins; posterior
margin sinuate, produced at center into a long, slightly wedge-
shaped projection notched at apex. Male valve roundingly obtuse,
plates long-triangular, nearly acuminate apically. Styles on nar-
rowed distal portion short angulate at apex to point on outer mar-
gin. Aedeagus in lateral view curving dorsally with inwardly
pointing, avicephaliform apex; two broad lateral processes arising
at base and extending the length of shaft, apices constricted to in-
wardly bent point. Pygofer less than twice length of median width,
tapering toward a dorsally projecting, fragile hook attached to
posterior margin.
Holotype male, allotype female, and two paratypes, male and
female, Cuyama Ranch, Cal., July 25, 1935, R. H. Beamer. Types
and paratypes in the Snow Entomological Collection.
Linpsay: THe Genus NorvELLINA 205
Norvellina texana (Ball)
(Plates XXVI, XXVIII, XXX; fig. 29)
Eutettix texana Ball, E. D., Proc. Dav. Ac. Se., XII, p. 52, 1907.
The original description follows:
“Rorm of strobi or seminuda, nearly, but entirely lacking their color pattern
resembling albida, but pale creamy yellow, entirely covered by coarse reticula-
tions of very pale rusty brown. Length: Female, 4.6mm.; male, 4.8mm.;
width, 1.6mm.
Vertex nearly as in strobi, a trifle angled before, dise slightly sloping, in the
same plane as pronotum, transverse depression shallow, acutely angled with
the front. Elytra as in strobi, venation regular but very much obscured by
the reticulations.
Color. Pale creamy yellow, coarsely and rather evenly reticulate with pale
rusty brown, often wanting on the vertex. Pronotum and elytra often with a
few scattered ivory white dots, face and below pale. Sometimes the reticula-
tion becomes so pale as to be scarcely visible.
Genitalia. Female segment with the posterior margin truncate or slightly
rounding, median fourth excavated either side of two rounding approximate
lobes that equal or slightly exceed the margins. Male valve very short, ob-
tuse, plates long-triangular, acutely pointed.
Habitat. Described from five females and two males from Brownsville,
Texas (Snow), and Victoria, Texas (U. 8. N. M.), easily distinguished from
the other pale forms by the saffron color and absence of definite pattern.”
Genitalia. In addition to the above, aedeagus in lateral view re-
sembling helenae, but shorter and with inward apical hook less pro-
nounced; two ventrolateral processes arising basally and extending
to near apex, narrowed distally. Pygofer tapering to a stout hook
on posterior margin, free portion directed dorsally and about half
the apical width of pygofer.
Lectotype female, allotype male, Brownsville, Tex., June, F’. H.
Snow, and in Snow Entomological Collection; other specimens are
at hand from the following localities: Palopinto county, Hidalgo
county, Cameron county, Brooks county, Menard county, Jackson
county, San Juan, and Seymour, Texas; Douglas county, Wichita
county, Logan county, and Medora, Kan.; and Grady, N. Mex.
206 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXIII
|. apachana = ™9!¢
l.apachana female
3. bicolorata var. inflata
male
5. scitula femole :
4. seminuda female
3. bicolorata
var. inflata
female
6. pullata 6 pullata male
Linpsay: THe Genus Norve.uina 207
PLATE XXIV
7 chenopodii
7. chenopodii female
8. helenae female
9. snowi temale
8 helenae mle
Il. mildredae
12. mildredae var. minuta mole
10. peretegantis
208 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXV
13. scaber female 13. scaber
14-flavida ‘emer
17 vermiculata mole
15 pulchelia male
; female F
18. varia lame 19. saucia female
16. columbiona female
Linpsay: Ture Genus Norvetuina 209
PLATE XXVI
22. excavata female
20. numerosa
male
21. rubida
25. curvata female 24 pannosa- female
23. rostrata female
23 frat ae 26. nevada female
. rostrata
26. nevada aoe 28. glauca ae
27 clarivi H
vida male 29. texana male
27. clarivida female 28. glauca female
29. texana female.
14—2181
210 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXVII
1 apachana
2 bicolorata
2 bicolorata male
3. bicolorata var. inflata
Ul oN
4. seminuda
4 seminuda 5. scitula 3. bicolorata var. inflate
5. scitula
7 chenopodii
7 chenopodii
6 pullota ve \y
47h
VY
wi] |}y
yy
9. snowi
8 helenae
8. helenae
10. perelegantis
: Il. mildredoe
10. perelegantis 1]. mildredae
Linpsay: Tue Genus NorvELLINA PAI
PLATE XXVIII
12 mildredae
var minuta
13 scaber
15. pulchella
ss
17 vermiculata
19 saucia
24 pannosa
22 excavata
23. rostrata 25. curvata
27 clarivida
\s t/)
\ dd
24. pannosa
female
29 texana
28. glauca,
29 texana
a # é ; ae
f t asf
212 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
A
as SuBICOLORATA 4 SEMINUDA
“VAR INFLATA
2 BICOLORATA
.
6 PULLATA
5 SCITULA 8 HELENAE
7 CHENOPODII
9 SNOW!
10. PERELEGANTIS 12 MILOREDAE
VAR MINUTA
1] MILDREDAE
15. PULCHELLA
13, SCABER
G us
17 VERMICULATA
16 COLUMBIANA
14 FLAVIDA
Linpsay: THe Genus NoRvVELLINA 213
PLATE XXX
WG
20. NUMEROSA
18 VARIA 19. SAUCIA
2! RUBIDA a \
22 EXCAVATA
23 ROSTRATA
GI.
24 PANNOSA 26. NEVADA
25. CURVATA
CS
27 CLARIVIDA 28. GLAUCA
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] Ocroser 1, 1939 | No. 4
A Revision of the Genus Listronotus: I
(Curculionidae: Coleoptera)
LYMAN S. HENDERSON,*
Department of Entomology, University of Kansas
Asrract: This paper is a revision of the species of the Coleopterous family
Curculionidae which are now considered to belong to the genus Listronotus.
The species have been given a monographic treatment. All the information
available pertaining to the biology and distribution of the species has been
included.
Thirty-three species have been described in the genus. L. distinguendus
(Gyllenhal) has already been listed as a synonym of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal).
The following ten species have been reduced to synonymy in this paper:
L. obliquus LeConte, L. inaequalipennis (Boheman), L. sulcirostris LeConte,
L. floridensis Blatchley, L. rudipennis Blatchley, L. latiusculus LeConte (nec
Boheman), L. cribricollis LeConte, L. impressifrons LeConte, L. impressus
Van Dyke, and L. leucozonatus Chittenden. One species, L. tessellatus Casey,
has been reduced to a subspecies of L. oregonensis (LeConte). The treat-
ment of five species, L. bagoiformis Champion, L. teretirostris (LeConte), L.
gracilis LeConte, L. nevadicus LeConte, and L. punctiger LeConte, has been
deferred, since these species belong to the group of species now considered to
comprise the genus Hyperodes, or are very closely associated with certain
groups of Hyperodes and represent intermediate species. Seven species of
Listronotus are herein described as new. They are: L. ingens, L. manifestus,
L. distinctus, L. insignis, L. blandus, L. blatchleyi, and L. similis.
Type material of all the species except L. sordidus (Gyllenhal), L. dis-
tinguendus (Gyllenhal), L. caudatus (Say), and L. squamiger (Say) has been
examined. The Say types are lost, and the Gyllenhal types are in Sweden
and have not been examined.
No type species was designated for the genus when it was described. A
genotype has been designated: L. caudatus (Say).
Illustrations and a key are included to assist in the determination of the
species.
* Submitted to the Department of Entomology and the Faculty of the Graduate School of
the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy.
(215)
216 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
CONTENTS
PAGE
NbshnxsvokE(onlols March oe sci, iy Se PERG ABs oh eet ROMO OER MLNS. 217
Acknowledeiients ® S35 cept: ses, < sicars vale daha eo Ils ae ee 219
Morpholosy.and Werminology. oo. @ oc ee eee 221
Gremita liar 4 Sec eetastescletiiesave. tis oo ches cero RRO SIEED Cen eT Ee ere ee tiara Cee 224
Georraphical Distributions ..o.2 6 casera crete no eer Cea ene 225
45910) (0) 1g ee Sn ee OS eat PRON ta Ae win eie so 4 et os ae Beets 226
Listronotus as Hood of (CertampAnmnialst-eese sce ee eee ete 226
Mistorieal’ Sketch: is,.%.5 aviscco torent ae ero OS Se Oe eee 228
Original Deseriptionsol Wistronopusmekclh esa ceeeeee Ge con corneas 230
Genotype —. ..5 as toes con ee ae ee rete: Seer 230
Status ‘ofthe Genusiieh nce ye ee eet eee ate ais Meio eee 231
Position:-of ‘the .Genusiesne so chga- Oe oon ee eee eae Soke eee 231
Key. to. the Species, of Wistronotus- eae ia ee eee eee eee eee 232
Lasironotus, candatus (Says) passer eee Loo eee ena eee 234
EASLTONOLUS ANGONS DD be oe Sori Be rhea Sat Reale ee ee ene 243
Tastronotus americanus) LeConte) tiie oc bh aesesno kee eee 245
Lestronotus ‘callosusdieC onesie cc eee en OF Hee ee eee ee 247
Lastronotus squamigeraA(San) comer tone ee OE ee eee 250
Lasironotus tuberosus uceConte: fea e orator to reece en eee 259
Tastronotus: sordidus (Gy llenball S$) 3\..s5 oedema oe ae ee 263
TASETONOLUS INGTATESLUS DE SDeoe eee oo eee eee EL eee cee 269
Instronotus: rotundicollis LeConte onsd ac vec sich e eae reer ee ee Ee 271
TASLTONOTUS GiSEMCPUS De BP cdicaies eaten ees ee en ee ee 274
Lastronotus scamuars ‘Gsseys.< Ghia ete ne men eee heirs oe eid he ene 276
Instronotus blaichleyum: Spike see enc Ce een Ree eee ane eee 279
Tnsironotus. palusinsblatchley.. san ceie Ce Oe oe roe ae oe 281
TAStronoatus (DLANGUS ESD secre cree Te ie ost aire a ee OC eae 282
Tastronotus frontais lke COnbe sis crs icle wees ok Or erie eon 284
Tnsironotus oregenensis, GueConte)s aces lee cists Seiersye atlas teeth. ere rete 288
Listronotus oregonensis subspecies tessellatus Casey.............-e0eeeee 297
lastronotus elegans Van Dyker. oi aace aes oa ike ie Ore ie rie eer oe 300
Tnstronotus nebiilosus TaeOonte. 3. ¥) on 2 os oi oe cs nea ciel eae eee 301
Lastronotus: stile. Nesp iis. ccs sive ee oa 0 nek Cee eee 304
» lnstronotus appendicilatus (Boheman)) ...50. 0c: ae eee eee ele 306
TEASETONOTUS UNSTGNUS) Ni: SP "sce sed oaks cielo FR Ok athe MOE Er ne a ole 313
Listronotus isetosus WeConte 70 sos va hwcrn ccleaner 315
Tastronotus: debits: Blatichley: © ny sinas ss 11s sorters peer einere ciel: oie iil eee 317
List of Speciesand Synonymy? ssoe sae: wks heel ee arene siete keel en ste cette 319
Bibliography’ idcye seca 20s 20s towered oven test 0k coh eee eee eo ee 320
Plates? :35 5 ssc es belch kre eer ee otetack Taos ie Saree Re or ILO Tae Cae ears 324
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 217
INTRODUCTION
OME time ago, while looking over the Curculionidae with the
intent of choosing a group of them for study, I noticed that very
little had been done on the genus Listronotus since 1876, when Le-
Conte’s paper on the Rhynchophora was published. There was ap-
parently a great deal of confusion in the genus, and it seemed to me
that a revision of the group would be a worth-while endeavor. The
present problem was begun, and I was soon confronted by keys that
would not work and original descriptions that were often inadequate
or even inaccurate. There was general confusion in the literature
and in collections, due to frequent misdeterminations caused by the
close relationship of some of the species and the amount of variation
within a single species.
A large number of specimens have been studied during the prepa-
ration of this paper. Collections have been borrowed from various
museums. Every species described in the genus has been studied.
Some sort of type material, either type, cotype, or paratype, has
been examined for every name proposed in the genus, except L.
sordidus (Gyllenhal), L. distingwendus (Gyllenhal), and the species
described by Say. An attempt has been made to study as much
material as possible in order to secure all the available data on the
distribution of the various species. All the available information
on biology and host records has also been assembled.
By examining long series from varied localities, and by studying
the variation exhibited by these specimens, a rather definite concept
has been formed of what constitutes a species within this group.
Most of the species of Listronotus display a great deal of variation,
and therein lies the difficulty of a detailed study of the group. The
statement may sound paradoxical, but I have seen two specimens
belonging to different species which actually appeared to be more
alike in many respects than two specimens representing extremes
found within the same species. This is a rather drastic statement
and demands an immediate explanation. As an example, we may
find a male of L. tuberosus LeConte and a male of L. sordidus (Gyl-
lenhal) which are so nearly alike that they defy separation by an in-
experienced eye. After we have studied the two species for some
time and have examined a large number of individuals in both of
them, we begin to notice a rather characteristic appearance of each
species, and then the two individuals can be readily separated. But
the difference that one sees in these specimens may be very difficult
to demonstrate to someone else and even more difficult to set down
218 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
in print or incorporate into a key—it is a difference of degree rather
than one of kind. Where we have come to recognize certain external
differences, our conclusion is borne out by finding a difference in the
genitalia of the two specimens.
Now let us take the same specimen of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal)
which was, let us say, from New Jersey, and compare it with a speci-
men of the same species from Louisiana. We may find a marked
difference in size and color and, to a lesser degree, in certain ex-
ternal morphological characters. This type of variation is the one
upon which LeConte described L. obliquus. The genitalia show very
little difference, if any, except in size. Now let us examine a large
number of individuals from Louisiana, from New Jersey, and from
several other localities. We soon find a multitude of intermediate
forms which tie the two extremes together, and if we were to con-
tinue to regard L. obliquus LeConte as a valid species we would have
to find names for a large number of other variations. What we
really have is one species exhibiting a wide range of variation.
This rather detailed discussion has been given purposely to illus-
trate some of the problems involved in this study and to assist in
interpreting some of the conclusions set forth. Similar situations
exist in other species, and several types of this same sort of problem
have arisen during the course of this study.
There may be some who will consider that I have been too lax in
drawing specific lines, but it should be remembered that we are en-
deavoring to build up a natural system of classification, and that
species are artificial concepts which probably do not exist in nature
in as precise a form as they do in the minds of some taxonomists.
A species, especially one with a wide distribution, is confronted in
nature with a great variety of environmental conditions, many of
which exert a powerful influence on the growth and development of
the individual. An attempt has been made to take this fact into
consideration when making decisions and arriving at conclusions.
The species have been treated in the manner which seemed most
logical in the light of present information. Some of the problems
will be solved definitely only by means of supplementary biological
studies. With additional information from that source, and with
more material available, some of the conclusions submitted in this
paper may have to be altered. There is much to be learned about
biological races and the effect of food plants and environment upon
the species. When information is available concerning some of these
factors it may be possible to explain some of the variation found
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 219
within certain species of Listronotus. It may even be possible to
associate certain types of variation with certain ecological or en-
vironmental factors, or with certain biological races.
Since Listronotus has never been treated before in monographic
form, the purpose of this paper is to bring together the literature and
redescribe species which have very brief original descriptions. In-
adequate descriptions have been supplemented, and inaccurate state-
ments have been corrected. An attempt has been made to present as
much biological information as is available. Illustrations and keys
are given which should assist in the identification of the species.
All material which could be secured has been examined in order to
acquire as many data on distribution as possible. The lists of cita-
tions to the literature of the species do not purport to be entirely
complete, but they do include all the more important references and
a great many more which were found by a rather detailed search of
the literature. There may be references in a few obscure places
which have been overlooked. All the citations known to me con-
cerning the economic literature of this group have been included.
In a few cases where names have been published in error I have
had access to the material in question and have been able to rectify
the mistake. In other cases where names have been obviously cited
in error, but the material has not been available for study, a note
has been added calling attention to the error.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
As I am completing this paper I feel that I owe my greatest debt
of gratitude to Dr. H. B. Hungerford, head of the Department of
Entomology at the University of Kansas, under whose supervision
the work has been done. I want to express my sincere appreciation
for the excellent training in research technique received from him,
for his sound advice on many occasions, for his willingness to help
at any time, and above all for the constant source of inspiration
which he has been to me. He has secured material from many
museums for my use, and has made it possible for me to study other
collections and types which could not be sent out on loan.
Dr. O. Lundblad has been most helpful in his willingness to send
us types for examination from the museum at Stockholm, Sweden.
Through the kindness of Dr. W. Ludwig of the Zoologisches In-
stitut at Halle, Germany, the type of Listroderes latiusculus Bohe-
man has been examined.
To Dr. E. C. Van Dyke I wish to extend thanks for the privilege
of studying type material of his species.
220 Tue UnNIversiry SCIENCE BULLETIN
To Dr. J. J. Davis, of Purdue University, I wish to express my
appreciation for the permission to study the Blatchley types and
collection.
I am grateful to Mr. Nathan Banks and Dr. P. J. Darlington,
Jr., for the privilege of studying in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College. I am especially grateful to Doctor
Darlington for his kindness and coéperation in making it con-
venient for me to study the LeConte and Dietz collections. I am
also obliged to him for our trip to Tyngsboro, Mass., to visit Mr.
HYG. Fall:
A very pleasant afternoon was spent in the home of Mr. Fall, who
most cordially allowed me to examine his collection, which is an
outstanding example of neatness and accuracy. I am indebted to
him for the records obtained from his excellent series and for the
permission to borrow specimens for the purpose of description.
Dr. Richard Dow, of the New England Museum of Natural
History in Boston, was most amiable in assisting me in a study of
the T. W. Harris collection and the material it contained which
had been studied and determined by Thomas Say. He was also of
assistance to me in checking on literature in the library of the
Boston Society of Natural History.
A most pleasant and profitable day was spent in Philadelphia as
the guest of Dr. James A. G. Rehn of the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences, who took the time to show me through the library,
exhibits, and various departments of the Academy. Dr. E. T.
Cresson kindly assisted me in a study of the Horn collection.
To Doctors C. F. W. Muesebeck, E. A. Chapin, and L. L. Buch-
anan I wish to express my thanks for the privilege of visiting the
United States National Museum and studying the Chittenden types,
Casey collection and types, and other material located there. Doc-
tor Buchanan was very helpful in making arrangements to facilitate
my work in the museum, and our discussions pertaining to the
taxonomy of the Curculionidae were most profitable to me.
To Dr. R. H. Beamer and Mr. Warwick Benedict of the staff of
the museum at the University of Kansas, and to Dr. Milton W.
Sanderson, a former associate in the Department of Entomology and
friend of long standing, I wish to express my thanks for assistance
and helpful suggestions.
Dr. Phil Leverault has been most helpful to me through his
assistance in various morphological interpretations and by his sug-
gestions relative to the application of morphological terms.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 221
The correspondence I have had with Mr. Gale G. Bleasdell has
been profitable and most enjoyable, and I sincerely appreciate his
friendly codperation.
To the following workers and institutions I want to express my
gratitude for the loan of material: Clinton G. Abbott, San Diego
Society of Natural History; Nathan Banks, Harvard College; Gale
G. Bleasdell, Merriden, Iowa; W. J. Brown, Department of Agri-
culture, Entomological Branch, Ottawa, Canada; L. L. Buchanan,
United States National Museum; E. A. Chapin, United States Na-
tional Museum; E. T. Cresson, Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences; P. J. Darlington, Jr., Harvard College; J. J. Davis, Purdue
University; Henry Dietrich, Ithaca, N. Y.; Richard Dow, New
England Museum of Natural History; D. K. Duncan, Globe, Ariz.;
H. C. Fall, Tyngsboro, Mass.; P. W. Fattig, Emory University,
Georgia; C. A. Frost, Framingham, Mass.; Wm. J. Gerhard, Field
Museum; C. C. Gregg, Field Museum; Maurice T. James, Colorado
State College; J. N. Knull, Ohio State University; H. P. Léding,
Mobile, Ala.; Frank Lutz, American Museum of Natural History;
C. E. Mickel, University of Minnesota; Harlow B. Mills, Montana
Experiment Station; C. F. W. Muesebeck, United States National
Museum; A. L. Nelson, United States Bureau of Biological Survey;
Miss Ada L. Olson, University of Michigan; H.'J. Reinhard, College
Station, Texas; H. H. Ross, Illinois Natural History Survey; C. W.
Sabrosky, Michigan State College; E. C. Van Dyke, California
Academy of Science; and J. R. Watson, Gainesville, Fla.
MORPHOLOGY AND TERMINOLOGY
A study was made of the location of the spiracles in order to de-
termine what segments of the abdomen were actually represented
by the visible sternal sclerites.
Two pairs of large spiracles are found in the thorax. The first
of these pairs is in the membrane between the prothorax and the
mesothorax. The second pair is in the membrane between the
mesothorax and the metathorax and is situated directly behind the
mesothoracic epimeron,
There are eight pairs of abdominal spiracles. The third pair of
abdominal spiracles is associated with the first visible abdominal
sternum, showing that it is in reality the third sternum. The two
pairs of abdominal spiracles anterior to this region indicate that the
first two sterna have either fused with the third or have dropped
out. An examination of the anterior part of the abdomen reveals
what is undoubtedly a remnant of the second sternum lying behind
229 THE UNIversiry SciENCE BULLETIN
and above the posterior coxae, and separated from the third sternum
by a small inter-segmental fold. The first sternum has probably
dropped out. The third and fourth sterna are rather firmly united,
there being but little evidence of the antecosta, or inter-segmental
infolding, found between the other sterna. There are five visible
abdominal sterna, the last being the true seventh. There are often
peculiar modifications of the seventh sternum, especially in the fe-
male. These may be in the form of elevated ridges, depressions, or
pits.
The eighth sternum is internal. In the male there are two
sclerotized sternites. In the female the greater portion of the
sternum is sclerotized. The degree of sclerotization and the shape
of the sclerotized areas is constant within a species, but differs in
different species so that we have here a character of great taxo-
nomic value.
Because of the characters of taxonomic value located on the ab-
dominal sterna it is often necessary to refer to them individually.
In the past there have been several terms applied to them which are
undesirable for certain reasons. A common practice is to refer to
them as “segments” of the abdomen. This term should not be used,
because in its proper application it does not include the lower
surface alone but the upper part, or tergum, as well. Perhaps the
term in most common usage is “sternite.” This term is a diminutive
form of the word sternum and as such would be used by mor-
phologists to designate one of two or more sclerotized divisions of the
sternum, if it consisted of more than one sclerite. Since the sclero-
tized plates of the sterna represent essentially all of the sternal
portion of the segment, they will be referred to as sterna.
.The five visible abdominal sterna are generally referred to as the
first to the fifth, inclusive. The next sternum, the one which is in-
ternal, is most often referred to as the eighth, its proper morpho-
logical number. This incongruity is confusing, and it would seem
more desirable to follow some uniform system of referring to the
number of the individual sterna, therefore they will be referred to
their proper morphological positions, the five visible sterna being
the third to the seventh, inclusive.
In the female the seventh tergum is the last one which is external.
The eighth is internal, and its spiracles are very small and ap-
parently closed and nonfunctional, although the tracheae still at-
tach to them. In the male the eighth tergum is external and is
sometimes referred to as the pygidium.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 223
In discussing the antennae the terms in common usage have been
utilized. The long basal segment is called the scape; the series of
shorter segments, seven in this genus, is called the funicle; and the
enlarged terminal part is called the club. The individual divisions
of the antennae are sometimes referred to as “joints,” but this term
is not used because it generally implies the concept of an articula-
tion rather than a segment. It would perhaps be more accurate to
refer to some of the individual divisions of the antennae as sub-
segments, since we are told by the morphologists that the antenna
is composed of three fundamental segments, and that any addi-
tional divisions are due to secondary segmentation, and are there-
fore subsegments. Since we do not know which of the divisions of
the antennae of the Curculionidae are primary divisions and which
are secondary divisions, the term segment will be used instead of
subsegment.
The dorsal part of the prothorax is referred to in this paper as the
disk of the prothorax rather than as the pronotum. The term pro-
notum usually refers to the dorsal sclerite of the prothorax. Since
the entire prothorax of the Curculionidae is more or less fused into
one somewhat tubular unit, there is no actual line of division be-
tween the pronotal region and the rest of the prothorax, and the
pronotum does not exist as an actual unit. Therefore the term pro-
notum cannot be appled in its proper sense to the dorsal part of
the prothorax of the Curculionidae. There is no other morphological
term available to apply to this region of the body, and since it was
not deemed advisable to coin a new term, the somewhat flattened
dorsal portion of the segment is referred to simply as the disk of
the prothorax.
In making measurements of the prothorax and other parts of the
body an eyepiece micrometer has been used in a binocular. Rela-
tive proportions of the length and width of the prothorax are by
actual measurement. These measurements do not always agree with
what appears to be the condition from a casual observation of the
specimen. The prothorax of a species may appear to be longer than
wide, and indeed the original description may even describe it as
such, but actual measurement may show the width to be equal to
the length, or it may even be slightly wider than long. The pro-
thoraces of the types of several species which were described as hav-
ing the prothorax longer than wide have been measured and have
been found to be wider than long. The measurement of the pro-
thorax is made from a dorsal view. The longitudinal measurement
224 THe UNIverRsITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
is made through a median line from the base to the apex and does
not include the ocular lobes. The transverse measurement is made
at the point of the greatest width.
The measurement of the length of the beak is made from a side
view. It is the length of a line drawn from the lower corner of the
apex to the top of the head at the point marked by the center of the
frontal fovea. The mandibles are not included in this measurement
since they are sometimes opened and, in these cases, extend for a
considerable distance beyond the apex of the beak and would not
give accurate or uniform measurements.
Another point which demands an explanation is that of the num-
bering of the intervals of the elytra. There are ten striae, dividing
the elytra into eleven so-called intervals. In a very few cases some
workers have referred to only a part of the elytron located between
two striae as an interval. The strip between the first stria and the
inner margin of the elytron is sometimes called the suture, and the
strip between the first and second striae is sometimes called the first
interval. In this paper the term suture indicates the actual line of
division between the elytra along the median line of the body. The
strip between the suture and the first stria is called the first interval,
the strip between the first and second striae is called the second in-
terval, and so on, accounting for eleven intervals.
In measuring the total length of the body the length of the beak
is not included. The measurement is started at the front margin of
the head if the beak is turned down, or if it protrudes anteriorly the
measurement is begun from the anterior margin of the eyes. If there
are caudal processes on the tips of the elytra they are included in |
the total length of the body.
Blatchley and Leng (1916, p. 155) state that the scattered black
dots mentioned by LeConte on Listronotus tuberosus LeConte and
on other species are only open punctures from which the scales have
been lost. This is not the case. If the “black dots” are examined
closely it will be seen that they are open punctures, but that they are
larger than the other punctures, which can be uncovered by picking
off the scales. It will also be seen that instead of the usual scales
each of these larger punctures bears a stout semierect seta which is
often black and for this reason is not plainly visible against the
black exoskeleton of the insect and the shadow within the puncture.
GENITALIA
The male genitalia of Listronotus have been found to possess ex-
cellent taxonomic characters of specific value. The main differences
lie in the shape of the median lobe and in the various hooks and
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 225
spines within the internal sac. The structures of the internal sac
can be studied through the transparent membranes, without the sac
being everted, if the preparation is examined in a liquid medium
such as glycerine or alcohol. When the membranes become dry
they are white and opaque, and the inner structure cannot be seen.
There is a small amount of variation in the genitalia, but never
enough to cause any confusion, even with closely related species.
The female genitalia are very similar throughout the genus. There
are noticeable differences between some species, but in most cases
they are of no value in separating species. The internal characters
of the greatest value in the female are found in the eighth sternum,
which has a characteristic shape in each species.
A number of different methods of preserving the genitalia have
been tried, and the one found to be most satisfactory is to store the
parts in a small amount of glycerine in the bottom of a tiny vial
which is corked up and pinned through the cork to the same pin
upon which the specimen is mounted.
Prior to the dissection of the genitalia the labels are removed from
the pin, and the specimen is relaxed for a few minutes in a warm
solution of five percent alcohol until sufficiently softened to be ma-
nipulated easily. In the case of the larger species a hooked minute
nadel may be inserted through the posterior opening of the body,
and by carefully severing the membranous connections between the
sclerites of the eighth segment and those of the seventh, the genitalia
and accessory parts may be removed. With smaller species it is
sometimes more convenient to remove the entire abdomen, pull away
the tergal portion, and then dissect out the desired parts. After the
genitalia are removed from the body they should be put into a ten
percent solution of caustic potash to soften and partially dissolve
the muscle tissue which is attached. This process is hastened if the
caustic is hot, and it may even be boiled. After the genitalia have
been removed from the caustic the muscle and excess membranous
tissue may be easily dissected away.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
The genus Listronotus as it is now defined occurs only in North
America. Only one species is known from Mexico. Only a few of
the species have a range which extends over the entire United States
and southern portion of Canada. A number of the species have a
more limited range which may include the southern states, or the
central and eastern states. Some of the species are very local in
their occurrence, having been recorded from only one or two states.
15—2181
226 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
BIOLOGY
Very little is known of the biology of most of the species of
Listronotus. The habits of many of the species are entirely un-
known. Some have been taken on sandy or muddy ground along
the margins of lakes and ponds. Others have been taken by sifting
moss and debris in swamps, or they may be found under logs, pieces
of wood, or under other cover, either in swamps or on dry ground.
A specimen of L. palustris Blatchley in the T. W. Harris collection
was found by Doubleday under the bark of rotten oak in eastern
Florida. A number of the species are commonly taken at light.
Listronotus tuberosus LeConte has been reared from Sagittaria by
Satterthwait. It was determined by him as L. sordidus (Gyllenhal),
and the data are recorded under his Webster Groves No. 26558.
Criddle has bred the species from Sagittaria at Treesbank, Mani-
toba.
Criddle has also bred L. appendiculatus (Boheman) from Sagit-
taria at Treesbank. It is quite often taken on Sagittaria and has
also been taken on Chelone glabra and on Nelumbo.
Listronotus squamiger (Say) has been reared from Scirpus validus
at Milford, Iowa, by Satterthwait.
Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte) does not seem to feed on semi-
aquatic plants as do the other members of the genus whose host
plant is known. There have been several published records of this
species occurring on Sagittaria, but these records are probably
based on Hyperodes solutus (Boheman). Chittenden (1924) first
expressed doubt as to whether L. oregonensis (LeConte) was the
species which had been reared from Sagittaria, and Buchanan
(1932) indicates that the species reared from Sagittaria was Hy-
perodes solutus (Boheman). For a detailed discussion of the biologi-
eal data known for L. oregonensis (LeConte), see the section on
the biology of that species.
LISTRONOTUS AS FOOD OF CERTAIN ANIMALS
Through the codperation of A. L. Nelson, Division of Wildlife
Research, Bureau of Biological Survey, United States Department
of Agriculture, I have been supplied with the data pertaining to
numbers assigned to specimens found in the United States National
Museum and Biological Survey material which had been recovered
in stomach content studies. By the use of these data, some infor-
mation can be given concerning the utilization of Listronotus as
food by other animals.
One specimen has been found in the stomach of the water snake
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS Papel
Natrix sipedon. A number of individuals belonging to eleven dif-
ferent species of Listronotus have been taken from the stomachs of
various species of Bufo. Judging from these data it would seem that
Listronotus is an important item in the diet of toads. The follow-
ing information is arranged according to the species of predator
involved:
Bufo
L.
americanus.
tuberosus LeConte.
No. 2075. Douglas Lake, Cheboygan Co., Mich. June 26, 1915, W. A.
Wood.
. squamiger (Say).
No. 1946. Palo Alto Co., Iowa, 7-16-07, A. G. Ruthven. One male.
No. 1962. Palo Alto Co., Iowa, 7-5-07, A. G. Ruthven. One female.
No. 1984. Harbert, Berrien Co., Mich., July 138, 1917, A. G. Ruthven.
Two females.
No. 2412. Stevens Pt., Mellen, Wis., July 19, 1918, A. I. Ortenburger.
One female.
. caudatus (Say).
No. 2052. Lost Island Lake, Clay Co., Iowa, July 26, 1918, A. G. Ruth-
ven. One male.
No. 2353. Holcomb, Wis., July 28, 1918, A. I. Ortenburger. Two males.
. frontalis LeConte.
No. 1997. Lakeside Lab., Milford, Iowa, F. M. Blanchard.
No. 2052. Lost Island Lake, Clay Co., Iowa, July 26, 1918, A. G. Ruth-
ven. One male.
. oregonensis (LeConte).
No. 1984. Harbert, Berrien Co., Mich., July 13, 1917, A. G. Ruthven.
One male.
No. 1997. Lakeside Lab., Milford, Iowa, F. M. Blanchard. One female.
No. 2052. Lost Island Lake, Clay Co., Iowa, July 26, 1918, A. G. Ruth-
ven. Three females.
. appendiculatus (Boheman).
No. 2002. Lakeside Lab., Milford, Iowa, July 3, 1920, F. N. Blanchard.
One female.
No. 2052. Lost Island Lake, Clay Co., Iowa, July 26, 1918, A. G. Ruth-
ven. One female.
Bufo hemiophrys.
L.
tuberosus LeConte.
No. 1810. Larimore, Grand Forks Co., North Dakota (Turtle River),
June 22-30, 1915, R. Kellogg.
Bufo terrestris.
Ty:
E,
frontalis LeConte.
No. 1428. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
palustris Blatchley.
No. 1387. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1390. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1438. Lake Kissimee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. Abdomen and elytra of
one female.
me
228 Tue University ScrENCcE BULLETIN
L. blandus Henderson
No. 1303. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1376. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
No. 1377. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male; one female.
No. 1387. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male; one female.
No. 1388. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1389. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1392. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
No. 1417. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
No. 1439. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. Two females.
No. 1448. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns, 1891. One male.
L. oregonensis (LeConte).
No. 1387. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1434. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male; one female.
No. 2301. Oklanaha River, Fla., Jan. 4, 1914, H.S. Cole. One female.
L. insignis Henderson.
No. 1260. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1300. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
No. 1303. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male; one female.
No. 1326. Kissimmee River (?), Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1377. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., HE. A. Mearns. One female.
No. 1389. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. Two females.
No. 1432. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One male.
No. 1439. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
L. appendiculatus (Boheman).
No. 1384. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
No. 1392. Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns. One female.
Bufo valliceps.
L. sordidus (Gyllenhal).
No. 1504. New Orleans, La., May 15 (?), So. Biol. Supply.
L. blandus Henderson.
No. 1465. Belair, La., June 10, 1910, Andrew Allison. One male.
Bufo woodhousi.
L. nebulosus LeConte.
No. 2080. Waco, Texas, May 2, 1911, J. K. Strecker. One female.
Natrix sipedon.
L. squamiger (Say).
No. 109. Bennings Marsh, D. C., April 22, 1917, E. G. Holt.
HISTORICAL SKETCH
The first species of Listronotus was described by Thomas Say in
1824 as Rhynchaenus caudatus. In 1826 Schénherr described the
genus Listroderes with the South American Listroderes costirostris
Gyllenhal as the type species. In 1831 Say referred his species
caudatus to the genus Listroderes and described Listroderes squam-
iger Say. In 1834 Gyllenhal described Listroderes distinguendus
and Listroderes sordidus. In 1842 Boheman described Listroderes
inaequalipennis and Listroderes appendiculatus. In 1860 LeConte
described Listroderes teretirostris and Listroderes oregonensis.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 229
In 1864 Jekel wrote his “Recherches sur la Classification Naturelle
des Curculionides,”’ in which he described the genus Listronotus.
He does not definitely designate a type species, but mentions the
names caudatus, squamiger, and inaequalipennis at the beginning
of the paragraph of discussion in which Listronotus is named.
In 1876 LeConte brought together the North American species
which had been placed in the genus Listroderes and treated them
as Listronotus, describing fourteen new species, obliquus, tuwberosus,
callosus, americanus, rotundicollis, sulcirostris, nebulosus, frontalis,
cribricollis, impressifrons, setosus, punctiger, gracilis, and nevadicus.
He included the genus Listronotus, along with Macrops, in a division
which he called Listroderi, under the tribe Phytonomini in the sub-
family Curculioninae.
LeConte and Horn in their “Classification of the Coleoptera of
North America,” published in 1888, again include Listronotus and
Macrops in the Listroderi group of the tribe Phytonomini within
the subfamily Curculioninae.
Casey described two species of Listronotus in 1895, L. scapularis
and L. tessellatus.
In 1902 Champion placed Listronotus and Hyperodes in his
Listroderina Group. In regard to the relationship of Listronotus to
the rest of the Curculionidae he states: “The affinites of this group,
as shown by the Australian genus Desiantha, Pase., seem to me to
be with the Erirrhina (Hydronomides), and not with the Hyperina,
amongst which it is placed by all North American writers.” In re-
gard to the species included within Listronotus, he says: “The
North American species referred to Listroderes by Gyllenhal were
separated by Jekel from that genus under the name Listronotus,
and this course has been followed by LeConte, the chief difference
being the posteriorly evanescent scrobes in the South American
forms.” At this time Champion described Listronotus bagoiformis.
Blatchley and Leng include Listronotus in the tribe Hyperini of
the subfamily Curculioninae, in their arrangement of the genera in
“The Rhynchophora of Northeastern America,” which appeared in
1916. Blatchley described four species of Listronotus in this work,
palustris, rudipennis, floridensis, and debilis.
In the “Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico”
Leng, in 1920, places Listronotus in a group Listroderi of the tribe
Hyperini, following LeConte in this regard.
Chittenden in 1926 described a species of Listronotus which he
called lewcozonatus. Van Dyke described L. impressus and L.
elegans in 1929.
230 Tue University ScieENcE BULLETIN
In 1931 Pars 114 of the Junk “Coleopterorum Catalogus” ap-
peared, covering part of the Curculionidae. Schenkling and Mar-
shall, the authors of this section, include Listronotus along with
Hyperodes, Listroderes, and related genera, in the subfamily
Cylindrorrhininae.
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION OF LISTRONOTUS JEKEL
“Les unes, la plupart de grande taille (Caudatus, Squamigeér,
TInaequalipennis) ont, ainsi que |’ observe M. Lacordaire (loc. cit.,
p. 344 note 2), quelques rapports avec les Plinthus pr. d. (Lacord.),
et me paraissent pouvoir en étre rapprochées, ainsi que le genre
Eudocimus, auquel elles ressemblent davantage qu’a tout autre
groupe, et qui ne devra pas rester prés des Heilipus. Elles se dis-
tinguent de quelques autres espéces de |’ Amérique du nord, relative-
ment trés petites (ex.: Hwmilis Sch.), par leurs élytres plus planes
en dessus, conjointement émarginées a leur base, a cdté de cette
base, remontant assez anguleusement en dehors et au dela des cdtés
de la base du thorax, avec les épaules assez obliquement et brusque-
ment abaissées, puis les cétés paralléles jusque prés des trois quarts
de la longueur; elles sont ensuite étranglées dans leur partie
postérieure rétrécie, et leur sommet est prolongé aiguément, formant
parfois une sorte de queue quelque peu recourbée inférieurement
chez certains g¢. WL’ antenne a son scape atteignant seulement
Voeil, sans empiéter sur lui, et le deuxiéme article du funicule est
beaucoup plus long que le premeir. Le rostre, long, contigu & la téte
qui est trés courte et enfonecée presque jusqu’aux yeux, affecte
conjointement avec elle une forme subconique, est pour ainsi dire
aussi large qu’elle 4 sa base, et se rétrécit insensiblement jusque
vers l’extrémité qui est un peu elargie; de plus, les yeaux étant
latéraux, le front se trouve avoir une bien plus grande largeur que
chez les vrais Listroderes, et sert de base au cOne supposé que for-
ment la téte et le rostre pris ensemble. Le thorax est & peine élargi
antérieurement, convexiuscule, et ne justifie déja plus le nom imposé
au genre. Je nomme cette coupe Listronotus, car il n’y a en effet que
le dos de l’élytre qui soit aplani.”’
GENOTYPE
No type species was designated by Jekel in his original descrip-
tion of the genus Listronotus, although at the beginning of the para-
graph he mentions the names caudatus, squamiger, and inaequali-
pennis. Since caudatus was the first of the three names mentioned
by Jekel in the original description of Listronotus and was also the
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS Dok
first species described which is now assigned to this genus, I hereby
designate Listronotus caudatus (Say) as the type species of the
genus Listronotus.
STATUS OF THE GENUS
The genus Listronotus is very superficially separated from Hy-
perodes by characters which are not of generic value. If the generic
distinctions were strictly adhered to, certain species of one genus
would have to be transferred to the other genus, and then there
would be found some intermediate species which could not be defi-
nitely placed because of the possession of some of the characteristics
of both genera.
This paper has been limited to the species now considered to be-
long to the genus Listronotus. The species described by LeConte as
Listronotus nevadicus has not been included, because it has been
found to belong to Dietz’s Ulkei Group, or Blatchley and Leng’s
Group II, of the genus Hyperodes. The species represented by the
names L. teretirostris (LeConte), L. punctiger LeConte, L. gracilis
LeConte, and L. bagoiformis Champion are among the intermediate
species mentioned above, and their treatment is being deferred until
the appearance of a subsequent paper. Work is in progress on a
treatment of the species now listed as Hyperodes. After these species
have been studied in detail and the intermediate forms have been
carefully considered, the entire series of species will be rearranged,
generic concepts will be clarified, and generic limits will be defined.
Due to the early stages of the work on this next group of species it
would be premature at the present time to attempt to define the
genus Listronotus.
According to present concepts the following characters may be
utilized to recognize a member of the genus Listronotus: abdominal
sterna very unequal, the fifth and sixth together not, or scarcely
longer than the fourth or seventh; mandibles two-toothed at tip;
antennae with second segment of funicle about twice as long as first;
tibiae bent at tip and strongly mucronate at apex.
POSITION OF THE GENUS
Listronotus has been included by American authors in the tribe
Hyperini of the subfamily Curculioninae. Champion (1902, p. 120)
was of the opinion that it should be associated with the Erirrhinae.
The latest work in regard to the placing of the genus was done in
1931 by Schenkling and Marshall in the Junk “Coleopterorum Cat-
alogus.” They consider it to be allied to Listroderes and other
232 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
closely related genera, mostly South American and Australian, all
of which are included in the subfamily Cylindrorrhininae.
10.
Vale
12.
Key T0 THE SPEcIES or LISTRONOTUS
Head clothed with slender scales or setae in the region above the interocular space, 2
Head clothed with rounded scales in the region above the interocular space....... 23
Antennae with third segment of funicle longer than fourth.................... 3
Antennae with third segment of funicle not longer than fourth, third to seventh
Segments TOUNndEe, «SUbEGUAIE s aac isco eters Sees, wiermuctolsbere er enC Pe erue cea enc arane 19
Antennae with third segment of funicle slender, elongate, distinctly longer than
fourth
PROC OAIC CHORD Oot O OU OR OTe E Ac OO EE Ee Modes So'o CU /a Dae anee oro 4
Antennae with third segment of funicle only slightly longer than fourth.......... 14
Antennae with fourth segment of funicle elongate, longer than fifth............. 5
Antennae with fourth segment of funicle rounded, not longer than fifth.......... 8
All elytral intervals equally convex; base of elytra not elevated................- 6
Alternate elytral intervals more strongly convex; extreme base of elytra slightly
elevated’ along: the first five autervals, svc tor orc erste ors lore ois @ oistolenersnereasueneiois i
Seales on median half of disk of prothorax broad and rounded; beak about as long
as prothorax, lateral carinae usually feeble; apical mucro of tibiae with small
basal tooth; elytra usually with numerous transverse wrinkles, the intervals slightly
convex; females with an elongate cylindrical process at the tip of each elytron.
caudatus, p.
Seales on median half of disk of prothorax slender, setiform; beak longer than
prothorax, distinctly tricarinate; apical mucro of tibiae without basal tooth;
elytra without transverse wrinkles, the intervals nearly flat; females without caudal
processes on elytra .......... Bilatcnebotensiene efavalioveveyeve ovayerersieverene Pont acta ingens, Pp
Beak clothed with setae, tricarinate; elytral declivity laterally compressed and nearly
vertical; subapical calli not prominent, elytra with numerous transverse wrinkles;
apical mucro of tibiae without basal tooth; length, 10.5-14 mm., americanus, p.
Beak clothed mostly with broad, rounded scales, the lateral carinae not prominent;
elytral declivity not laterally compressed and vertical, subapical calli rather promi-
nent, elytra without transverse wrinkles; apical mucro of tibiae with a small basal
toothy lengthss8 1a min severe. eects ete ciate ecenotelerarencuctnterens) Voverevole crea telaiereisla a COULOSTISMEDD
Posterior callus vot elytra sorOmnenitisret > etersvelele slate ete ie) a !elelaraicl(oyebene le csieMelleberoteteTaroVetetele 9
Posterior callus) of elytra not, pPromun entire. ar<lelarere sielevelcee reel teekdaieeheistekeleteteloletete 11
Beak clothed with setae; humeri rounded; posterior tibiae not denticulate along inner
margin; female with two strongly elevated folds toward the tip of the last visible
AbDCOMINAl StELMUM! c.o.c.c.cfeners cress ere anctete Wee heinre wenger aevahe lover svonentane .... Squamiger, p
Beak clothed with rounded scales; humeri rectangular; posterior tibiae denticulate
ALONE AVNER NAVE ie ce ese ceke aera ore) oi eto celauetehay ste LemPioot sla ol feta lehe(al= oie: solo] AN Valleys Teel stale 10
Posterior callus of elytra very prominent, conical; beak about as long as prothorax,
median carina very fine or absent, lateral sulci obsolete; frontal fovea moderately
deep; elytra with transverse wrinkles, all intervals equally convex; scales of
prothorax distinctly larger than those of elytra; apical mucro of tibiae rather
long; female elytra with long slender caudal processes which are often convergent
Bt THO tIp aoc vteee sn ele Radara stove lailete Oneio ciehctatans terete ohetsnet cilevotets aislecietsis MELLO ETOSUS MD:
Posterior callus of elytra not conical; beak longer than prothorax, the median carina
prominent, lateral sulci rather deep; frontal fovea deep; elytra without transverse
wrinkles, the alternate intervals more strongly convex; scales of prothorax not
distinetly larger than those of elytra; apical mucro of tibiae short; female
elytra with short, stout, parallel caudal processes......... SOC aD sordidus, p.
Beak clothed with broad scales, the median carina distinct, the lateral carinae faint
OK <ADSENIG eiictoiake cloccls © ale svete ei eieee exis le ccelolels Bteio ra eter otatole ol etenelelenaievorote wicta Rave acee fe 12
Beak clothed with setae, distinctly tricarinate..........-.eeeee eee e ere ee neces 13
Ocular lobes very large and prominent, produced anteroventrally; setae of elytra not
conspicuous; prothorax finely punctate, sides nearly parallel, the scales no larger
than those of elytra; beak longer than prothorax; base of elytra feebly emar-
ginate; apical mucro of tibiae without basal tooth; female with seventh (fifth
visible) abdominal sternum unmodified, seventh tergum deeply emarginate at apex.
manifestus, p.
234
. 243
245
Ae
. 250
259
263
269
13.
14.
15.
16.
Wie
18.
Uy
20.
22.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS
Ocular lobes normal; setae of elytra long and clavate; prothorax coarsely punctate,
the sides strongly rounded, the scales distinctly larger than those of the elytra;
beak as long as the prothorax; elytra strongly emarginate at base; apical mucro
of tibiae with basal tooth; seventh (fifth visible) sternum of female with a large
deep median impression, seventh tergum truncate at apex....... rotundicollis, p.
Elytra without angulate prominence behind the humeri, intervals convex, setae not
confused on odd intervals; beak as long as prothorax, frontal fovea surrounded
by setae; prothorax coarsely punctate; apical mucro of tibiae with basal tooth;
posterior tibiae not’ denticulate along inner margin............... distinctus, p.
Elytra with angulate post-humeral prominence, intervals nearly flat, setae confused
on odd intervals; beak longer than prothorax; frontal fovea surrounded by broad
seales; prothorax finely punctate; apical mucro of tibiae without basal tooth;
posterior tibiae denticulate along inner margin.................-- scapularis, p.
Alternate intervals of elytra more strongly convex, humeri rectangular, base deeply
emarginate and slightly elevated, setae confused on odd intervals, striae coarsely
punctate; apical mucro of tibiae without basal tooth; scales of prothorax dis-
tictly larger than those of elytra; frontal fovea surrounded by setae.......... 15
All intervals of elytra equally convex, humeri rounded, base feebly emarginate and
not elevated, setae in a single row on all intervals, striae finely punctate; apical
mucro of tibiae with a small basal tooth; scales of prothorax not distinctly
larger than those of elytra; frontal fovea surrounded by broad scales........ 16
Elytra with transverse wrinkles; beak as long as prothorax; posterior tibiae denticu-
late salongiinner margins length 90225) miniseries cc). cee wie ele ole © blatchleyi, p.
Elytra without transverse wrinkles; beak longer than prothorax; posterior tibiae not
denticulate along inner margin; length, 6.5-9 mm...............-. palustris, p.
Beak clothed with broad scales and some setae; prothorax not granulate-punctate,
the sides broadly rounded; apical mucro of tibiae long...........-...-2.-5-- 17
Beak clothed with setae; prothorax granulate-punctate, the sides strongly rounded;
Apicalumiucrosonsubide sh Ontario stolersrctieters veto clederstetae serene sie rekenete nora areas 18
Beak tricarinate, longer than prothorax; prothorax coarsely punctate, without median
subapical impression; ventral surface coarsely punctate; posterior tibiae denticu-
late; alonmeinner sIMAroINis sis ats celsia ieee cieloeiele se eicke oheskierere che Siavoqatelecave are blandus, p.
Beak with lateral carinae obsolete, equal in length to the prothorax; prothorax
finely punctate, with a median subapical impression usually present, at least in
the female; ventral surface finely punctate; posterior tibiae not denticulate along
ANMETIN ALL Mere aust ey sree. clisvel are eter LCM CRS IEPA OC aCe frontalis, p.
Body piceous, scales mostly brown or cupreous; beak usually slightly longer than
prothorax; frontal fovea usually only moderately deep, surrounded by brownish
or ‘cupreous: scales... .....5. OOo DODO MONO MOOD OOS HbR OnD ODDO oregonensis, p.
Body black, scales black and cinereous; beak as long as prothorax; frontal fovea
deep, covered with a small spot of cinereous scales which are surrounded by a
eircleyoreplacks scales aryrocustetoieletorkatorens aletevereiets oregonensis subsp. tessellatus, p.
Beak rounded, not carinate or sulcate, about as long as prothorax....... elegans, p.
Beak carinate and suleate, either shorter or longer than prothorax.............. 20
Beak shorter than prothorax, lateral carinae usually faint; base of elytra deeply
emarginate, humeri rectangular;. scales of prothorax not distinctly larger than
those of elytra; elytra without any characteristic markings on posterior portion, 21
Beak longer than prothorax, tricarinate; base of elytra feebly emarginate, humeri
rounded; scales of prothorax distinctly larger than those of elytra; elytra often
with characteristic markings on posterior portion ...........-+.--+++++eeeee 22
Apical mucro of tibiae without basal tooth; width of beak at point of insertion of
antennae usually less than nine-tenths the width of the interocular space directly
across the frontal fovea; prothorax nearly quadrate, the sides broadly rounded.
nebulosus, p.
Apical mucro of tibiae usually with a small acute basal tooth; width of beak at
point of insertion of antennae usually nine-tenths or more of the width of the
interocular space directly across the frontal fovea (in some cases, especially in
the males, these measurements may be equal); prothorax slightly wider than
long, sides strongly rounded................. Bieuagnvercbakoeks yar aowstercloks s« SIMiuis, Dp.
Prothorax moderately punctate, head and ventral surface finely punctate; beak
clothed with coarse setae, median carina sometimes less prominent than lateral
233
274
279
281
282
284
288
297
300
301
304
234 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
carinae, especially in basal region; posterior half of elytra usually covered with
lighter scales; body dark reddish-brown; posterior tibiae not denticulate along
inner margin, almost straight at apex, apical mucro short..... appendiculatus, p. 306
Prothorax coarsely and deeply punctate, head and ventral surface coarsely punctate;
beak clothed with fine setae, median carina distinct; elytra usually with a
narrow region of lighter scales at the beginning of the declivity with the posterior
part covered by dark shining scales; body piceous; posterior tibiae denticulate
along inner margin, rather strong curved at apex, the apical mucrones long.
insignis, p. 313
23. Beak distinctly tricarinate; elytral intervals convex, the alternate ones more strongly
so; elytral striae coarsely punctate. .......cescce cc ereencnescerees setosus, p. 315
Beak with lateral carinae indistinct or obsolete, median carina fine; elytral intervals
flat; elytral striae finely punctured...........0.000.-eececesssonees debilis, p. 317
Listronotus caudatus (Say) 1824
(Plate XXXII, fig. 2; plate XX XVII, fig. 11)
1824. Rhynchaenus caudatus Say, Jr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., Vol. III, p. 311.
1831. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Say, Desc. n. sp. Am. Cure., p. 11.
1834. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Gyllenhal, in Schénherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure., II, 1,
p. 278.
1842. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Boheman, in Schénherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure., VI, 2,
p. 189.
1853. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Melsheimer, Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of
the United States, p. 95.
1859. Rhynchaenus caudatus Say, Complete Writings of Thomas Say, ed. LeConte, Vol. I,
Deze
1859. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Say, Complete Writings of Thomas Say, ed. LeConte,
Vol. II, p. 174.
1871. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleopterorum,
VIII, p. 2360.
1873. Listroderes caudatus (Say). Crotch, Check List of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 118.
1876. Listronotus caudatus (Say). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 131.
1878. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Popenoe, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI, p. 85.
1890. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Beutenmiiller, Can. Ent., Vol. XXII, p. 200.
1893. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Beutenmiiller, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. I, p. 40.
1895. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII, p. 344.
1903. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Ulke, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, p. 33.
1910. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1916. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North Eastern
America, p. 156.
1920. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 316.
1922. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Hayes, Trans. Kan. Ac. Sci., XXX, 2, p. 207.
1928. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Leng, Cornell Univ. Agri. Exp. Sta., Memoir 101,
p. 495.
1931. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1937. Listronotus caudatus (Say). Bleasdell, Iowa St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI, No. 4, p. 416.
OrIGINAL Description. “Imbricate, dusky-cinereous, tinged with
golden; elytra caudate.
“Tnhabits Missouri.
“Body dusky-cinereous, covered with minute scales, and ob-
soletely tinged with golden, a paler lateral vitta: head obscurely
golden: eyes deep black: rostrum with a slightly elevated line:
beneath deep black: antennae blackish-brown; thorax obscurely
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS PRBS)
golden, with minute, elevated, black dots: scutel golden: elytra
with regular series of punctures; golden color more obscure than
that of the thorax; tip of each, elongated into an obtuse caudiform
projection: beneath obscurely golden, varied with black: feet
fuscous, with short hair; thighs dilated before the tip; a cinereous
fascia on the two posterior pairs.
“Length, from the anterior part of the head to the tip of the
elytral processes, rather more than two-fifths of an inch.
“Found near Engineer Cantonment on the Missouri river. The
caudal processes are peculiar to one sex.”’
AppITIONAL Descriprion. Length, 8 to 12.6 mm. Elongate-ob-
long, rather robust. Body black, thickly covered with dark-brown
scales. In some individuals the scales may be hght brown or even
yellowish-brown, while in other cases they may have a distinctly
cupreous tinge. Head, anterior margin of prothorax, a small median
basal spot on the prothorax, base of elytra, and scutellum covered
with slender, elongate scales which are usually bright, shining
cupreous, but are sometimes shining golden, or may be dull brown.
There is a rather narrow vitta of paler scales at each side of the
disk of the prothorax and sometimes a very narrow pale median
vitta in which the scales may be slightly narrower. Beak scarcely
as long as prothorax; median carina narrow, smooth, polished,
slightly elevated; lateral carinae and lateral sulci usually obsolete;
punctures of beak moderately coarse, dense, sometimes slightly
rugose, mostly covered by cupreous scales which are somewhat
broader than those of head; a few scattered broader scales, espe-
cially on the basal portion of the beak. Antennae dark reddish-
brown; second segment of funicle about twice as long as first; third
segment noticeably longer than the fourth. Head very convex,
densely punctate; frontal fovea rather deep, elongate. Disk of
prothorax one-fifth wider than long; ocular lobes moderately de-
veloped; sides of prothorax of male nearly straight from base to
apical third and then curving in, female with sides more evenly
rounded along entire length, with greatest width about at middle;
disk slightly convex, densely punctate, the punctures being covered
by scales; a few scattered larger punctures on disk open and bearing
setae. Scutellum slightly elongate. Elytra deeply emarginate at
base, humeri right-angulate; striae fine, with very small, remote
punctures, each bearing a tiny seta; intervals very slightly convex,
with a tendency for the third and fifth to be more convex; each in-
terval with a row of short, suberect, sparsely placed setae, the third,
236 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
fifth, and sometimes the seventh intervals with two or three con-
fused rows of setae; the elytra with scattered transverse wrinkles
which may traverse one or two, or occasionally parts of three
intervals. Ventral surface with sides of the third and fourth ab-
dominal sterna thickly clothed with broad, cupreous or dark-brown
scales, with a few intermixed black ones; elsewhere with less densely
placed elongate scales. Male with elytra conjointly rounded at tip.
Female with elytra separately prolonged at tip into rather long,
cylindrical processes which are usually parallel but may be con-
vergent and are sometimes tapering instead of cylindrical. The
seventh (fifth visible) abdominal sternum of the female is slightly
wider than long, with a shallow, elongate concavity toward each
lateral margin and an indistinct triangular concavity on the median
caudal portion, with the apex of the triangle cephalad. The tri-
angular concavity is sparsely and finely punctate, with the punc-
tures bearing slender semierect setae. The lateral concavities
are densely punctate, with the setae prostrate and somewhat
thicker. There are a few scattered punctures which are larger
and bear rather long, erect, stiff hairs. The median anterior por-
tion of the seventh (fifth visible) sternum is impunctate, shining
and alutaceous; the tip is slightly rounded, with a faint emargina-
tion toward each side. The conditions described above are typical,
but there are slight variations found in some specimens. The
modification, however, is never very great.
Nores on Types. The types of this species have been lost or
destroyed and neotypes are being erected. A map of the itinerary
and camp sites of the expedition of which Say was a member at the
time he took this species has been checked, and “Engineer Canton-
ment” on the Missouri river, the type locality given in the original
description, was found to be very near the present location of
Council Bluffs, lowa. Neotypes have been chosen, therefore, from
Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa, all in the general region from which
the species was described. Neoholotype and neoallotype deposited
in the Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Collections at the
University of Kansas. Neoparatypes in the Snow Collections and
in the United States National Museum.
Neoholotype male, “Douglas Co., Ks., 6-22-34, L. 8. Henderson.”
Neoallotype female, “Douglas Co., Ks., 6-22-33, L. 8. Henderson.”
Seventeen neoparatypes as follows: 1 male, “Douglas Co., Ks.,
6-22-33, L. S. Henderson’; 1 female, “Lawrence, Kansas, 6-26-33,
L. S. Henderson, At Light”; 1 female, “Lawrence, Kas., 7-13-35, L.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS Dany
S. Henderson, Collected at Light”; 1 female, “Lawrence, Kas., 6-17-
36, L. S. Henderson, Collected at Light”; 1 male, “Leavenworth Co.,
Kans., 6-22-33, L. S. Henderson, Collected At Light”; 1 female,
“Topeka, Ks., Popenoe”’; 1 female, “Topeka, Kan., Jul. 19, Popenoe”’;
1 male, “Mo.”; 1 male, “St. Peters, Mo., Oct. 23, H. E. Roberts,
Collector”; 1 male, 1 female, “Sioux City, Ia.”; 2 males, 1 female,
“Sioux City, Ia. 29/4”; 2 females, “Sioux City, Ia. 8/7”; and 1 fe-
male, “Iowa City, Iowa, IV.16, Wickham.”
REMARKS AND COMPARATIVE Notes. Sometimes the females of
this species have been determined as L. inaequalipennis (Boh.).
They may be distinguished from L. inaequalipennis (Boh.), a syno-
nym of L. squamiger (Say), by the lack of the peculiar development
of the elevated flaps of the seventh abdominal sternum of that
species. Other specimens have been determined as L. callosus Le-
Conte, from which they may be separated by the less deeply emargi-
nate base of the elytra and the less prominent posterior calli. The
elytral intervals are also less convex, and there are usually promi-
nent transverse wrinkles of the elytra which are not present in L.
callosus LeConte. These species may be easily separated by an ex-
amination of the internal genitalia.
The tips of the elytra of the male are usually conjointly rounded.
Two male specimens have been found, one from Albert Lea, Minn.,
and the other from Iowa City, Iowa, in which there is a short tuber-
cle at the apex of each elytron, suggesting a slight development of
the long cylindrical process which is characteristic of the female
of this species.
The range of this species is now known to include California,
Oregon, and British Columbia. There are variations in some of the
specimens from the new localities, and these will be discussed in
some detail to avoid possible confusion. In a series of specimens
from Oregon, most of them from Dalles, the most noticeable differ-
ences have been found. The most apparent variation is that of the
shorter processes found on the tips of the elytra of some of the fe-
males. In one of the specimens the elytra are but slightly more than
acuminate at the apex. In othes specimens the processes are longer,
but not quite as long as is typical of the species. Still others are en-
tirely normal. In some of the specimens the beak is a little thicker
and is more strongly curved on the upper surface. In these indi-
viduals the beak is usually distinctly tricarinate, the median carina
being narrow, sharp, and smooth, the lateral carinae broader and
rather densely punctate. The anterior half of the disk of the pro-
238 THE UNIversiItTy ScreENCcE BULLETIN
thorax often has a fine median carina. There is sometimes a slight
granulation of the surface of the prothorax, giving it a rough ap-
pearance, the rougher sculpture being more apparent on the sides
than on the disk. An examination of the sclerotized portion of the
eighth sternum of the female shows that the basal piece is sometimes
shorter than usual, but that the shape of the terminal arms is typi-
cal. The extent of the modification of some of these individuals
might suggest the possible existence of a variety or even a geographic
race. After careful consideration, the conclusion has been reached
that it would not be wise to give such rank to these specimens, at
least in the light of present information, and with the small number
of specimens available. During the course of the examination of a
large number of individuals of this species from the eastern states,
tendencies toward all of these modifications have been noticed.
There are often faint traces of a median prothoracic carina, and in
some cases the carina is rather strongly developed. The sides of the
prothorax are often rough or granulate, and the punctation of the
disk is variable. In some cases the beak has only a median carina,
but many times the lateral carinae are well developed. An indica-
tion of the variation of the elytral processes has already been given
in the description of the species. Specimens from other localities
which are in the outer limits of the range of the species may show
various degrees of development of one or more of the variable char-
acters mentioned, so that we have some intermediate forms between
the typical condition found in the northeastern states and the condi-
tions found in some of the specimens from Oregon. There is a fe-
male from Creston, British Columbia, less than five miles above the
Idaho line, in which the caudal processes of the elytra are very
short; the beak is not thickened, and the lateral carinae are present
but not strongly developed; the basal piece of the eighth sternum
is moderately long. A male from Nevada has been seen which is
typical in all respects. Two females from Dry Lake, Utah, have
the lateral carinae of the beak very prominent and the prothorax
somewhat granulate on the disk and rough on the sides; the caudal
processes of the elytra of these specimens are typical, and the basal
piece of the eighth sternum is long. A male seen from Salt Lake,
Utah, is normal in all respects. Females from Colorado and Texas
have been examined which were typical in all respects. A male
from Texas has the transverse wrinkles of the elytra very promi-
nent; the disk of the prothorax has more large open punctures than
usual, and there is a slight constriction of the sides at about the
middle. There are sometimes lesser indications of this constriction
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 239
in other specimens. It seems plausible to assume that the atypical
Oregon specimens are merely individuals at the extreme limits of
the range of the species, in which there is an unusual amount of
variation, when we consider that there are tendencies toward these
same variations in some individuals in the eastern states, that there
are some intermediate forms in the intervening territory, and that
not all the specimens from Oregon exhibit variation to the same ex-
tent, some of them being entirely normal.
BrotoaicaL Notes. This species has been recorded as having been
taken on several different plants, and a number of new records are
given here. A great variety of plants are included on the list, and
it is doubtful that all of them are actual food plants. The beetles
may have been only resting on some of the listed plants at the time
they were taken.
Beutenmiller (1890 and 1893) states that F. M. Chittenden found
the species with L. tuberosus LeConte and L. appendiculatus (Bohe-
man) while sweeping a small patch of aquatic plants composed en-
tirely of Sagittaria and Carex. It was recorded by Popenoe (1878)
from Topeka, Kan., as occurring with L. nebulosus LeConte on
Sagittaria. The record of L. nebulosus LeConte in this case is prob-
ably based upon a male specimen of L. caudatus (Say). Popenoe
states this his specimens were determined by LeConte, and I have
seen a male of L. caudatus (Say) from Topeka, Kan., which not
only bears the label of nebulosus in LeConte’s own handwriting,
but it is one of the rare labels which states that the determination
was made by LeConte. Blatchley and Leng (1916) state that the
species has been recorded from the mild smartweed, Polygonum
hydropiperoides Michx., and on arrowhead. Bleasdell (1937) states
that two specimens of L. caudatus (Say) were taken by Mr. Sooter
on a species of Scirpus at Lost Island, Ruthven, Iowa.
The following are the new records: on oak sprouts, May 13, at
Oregon, Illinois; taken on jointgrass by G. Stace Smith at Creston,
British Columbia, on July 12; taken on corn at Meredosia, IIl., by
H. E. Roberts; taken on dock at night by F. A. Fenton, at La-
fayette, Ind., May 22; taken on hickory at the same locality by
Satterthwait, on June 21.
The species is often taken at light. It was found under a log on
July 8, at Amora, Ill. McElfresh found a number of specimens at
Urbana, Lll., around stumps in overflowed land in April.
Data on DistriputTion. Blatchley and Leng (1916), give the
following information as to the distribution of this species: “Fre-
quent throughout Indiana, May 25-October 12; mating June 20.
240 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Dorchester and West Roxbury, Mass., April 18-August 17. Ranges
from Canada, New England and District of Columbia, west to Iowa
and Missouri.” The range of this species is now known to extend to
Oregon and California, including the intervening territory. I have
examined specimens from the following localities:
UNITED STATES
Massachusetts:
Mas.; Mass.; Chicopee, Mass.; Chicopee, Mass., Apr. 18, 99, June 9, ’96,
and July 22, 96; Chicopee, M., June 20, 95; Chicopee, Mass., VII.11; Cambr.,
20.2.74; Boston, Mass., IV.9.02 and IV.12.02, H. M. Parshley; Springfield,
Mass., Geo. Dimmock; Low., Mass.; Brookline, Mass.; Needham, Mass.;
Arlington, Mass., II-20-25; Wayland, Mass., III-13-25 and IV-27-24; Dor-
chester, Mass., 9-VII-’03, Jul. 25, 1908, Aug. 17.1903, and 10-VII-’03; W. Rox-
bury, Mass., Apr. 18.1909, Bolster.
Rhode Island:
Watch Hill, R.1., July 31, 1909, W. Robinson.
New York:
N. Y.; Rosedale, L. I., N. Y., IV.22.1928, Collector, A. Nicolay; New York,
N. Y., Chittenden Collector; N. Y. City & vety.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Ithaca, N. Y.;
Ithaca, N. Y., Chittenden Collector; Ithaca, N. Y., 23 Sept., ’89.
New Jersey:
N. J.; Arlington Mdws., N. J., IV.10.1926, A. Nicolay; No. Arlington, N. J.,
III-26, IV-10, and XI-7; Arlington, N. J.; Blmfield, N. J.; Milburn, N. J.; Slt.
Modows., N. J., III-17; Slt. Mdows., N. J.
Maryland:
Pr. Geo. Co., Md., 5/12/14, G. W. Barber Coll.; Cupid Bower Isl., nr. Grt.
Fl., Md., 6 Aug., 1927, H. S. Barber.
District of Columbia:
Washington, D. C., VI-22-23, J. R. Greeley Coll., at light; Washington, D.
C., 6.3, Chittenden Collector, light; Washington, D. C., June 19, 95, Chitten-
den Collector; Eastern Branch, Washington, D. C., H. 8. Barber; Rock Creek,
D. C., 19.5.1911, F. A. McDermott.
Virgina:
Alex. Co., Va., June 14, 1910, Wm. T. Davis; Arlington Marsh, opp. Wash.,
D.C., June (?), 1928, J. C. Bridwell.
Pennsylvania:
Pen.; Philadelphia, Pa., VII.27.16; Pa.; Phila. Neck, Pa., 6-14 and 6.24,
H. W. Wenzel Collector.
Ohio:
Ohio; Toledo, O.; Summit Co., Ohio, 6-13-1934, Louis J. Lipovsky; Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, VII-22; Columbus, O., 7-15-14, 8-15-14, 8-19-14, and 8-29-14,
V. R. Haber Collector; Columbus, O., VII-20-35, J. N. Knull Coll.; Erie Co.,
O., VII-10-03.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 241
Indiana:
Ind.; Terre Haute, Indiana; Lafayette, Ind., V.22.’16, F. A. Fenton collec-
tor, On Dock at night; Lafayette, Ind., VI.21.’15, Satterthwait Collector,
Hickory leaf; Miller, Ind., VII-3-15; Millers, Ind., VII-3-15, Selingen; Hess-
ville, Ind., VII:1:11, Col. by W. J. Gerhard, At Light; Millers, Ind., VII-9,
Liljeblad Collector.
Michigan:
Mich.; Washtenaw Co., Mich., Ann Arbor, VI-19-1919, M. H. Hatch; Port
Huron, Mich., June; Monroe, Mich.; S. Haven, Mich., 15.9; Washtenaw Co.,
Mich., VI-17-1921, M. H. Hatch; Detroit, Mich.; Oakland Co., Mich., LX-3-
1921, M. H. Hatch; Cheboygan Co., Mich., 7-14-1936; Douglas Lake, Mich.,
July 24, 1923, H. B. Hungerford; Cheboygan Co., Mich., 7-29-1936, David M.
Gates, Shore of Douglas Lake; Ludington, Mich., VII:13:32, Col. & pres. by
E. Brundage, Jr.
Wisconsin:
Wis.; Bayfield, Wis., Wickham; Cranmoor, Wis., VI.18.10, C. W. Hooker
Collector; Holcombe, Wis., Bufo am. 2353 (July 28, 1918, A. I. Ortenburger) ;
Victory, Wis., July 29, 1927, F. M. Uhler.
Minnesota:
Min.; Minn.; Albert Lea, Minn., July 12, 1928, D. R. Hylan Collector;
Albert Lea, Minn., July 12, 1923, C. C. Sperry Collector; Duluth, Minn.; St.
Anth. Park, Minn., 7/4, 14/4, and 4/7; St. Anthony Park, Minn., 5/20; St.
Anthony Pk., Minn., 5. VII.1923 and 10-VII.1921, H. H. Knight, collected at
light; Albert Lea, Minn., July 10, 1923, P. L. Keene, at light; Wabasha Co.,
Minn.; Ramsay Co., Minn.; Ramsey Co., Minn., June 15, 1923, Wm. E. Hoffman,
U. Farm lights; Ramsey Co., Minn., June 15, 1923, Wm. E. Hoffman, U. Farm
lights; Ramsey Co., Minn., VIII-1-1924, H. H. Knight; Ramsay Co., Minn.,
7-6, 1923, R. W. Dawson; Ramsey Co., Minn. Powder Plant woods, August 24,
1922, Clayton Johnson; Ramsey Co., Minn., Oak forest, July 5, 1929, 5 p. m.,
R. E. Wall; St. Paul, Minn., University Farm., June 24, 1932, light trap, A. A.
Granovsky; St. Paul, Minn., June 23, 1936, July 2, 1935, July 20, 1935, and
Aug. 5, 1935, U. Farm light trap, A. A. Granovsky; Ottertail Co., Minn., 7-15-
12; Houston Co., Minn., May 25, 1936, Robert Cottrell Collector.
Illinois:
N. Il.; N. Ill., July; Pekin, Ill., Aug., 1882; Peoria, Ill., Aug. 11, 95; Cook
Co., Ill., Aug., Blackwelder; Cook Co., Ill., Col. & pres. by E. B. Chope;
Chicago, Ill., VII:1, Col. by W. J. Gerhard, Light; Chicago, Ill., 1X :12:06,
Col. by E. B. Chope; Chicago, Ill., 3/9; Chicago, Ill., Chittenden Collector;
Roby, Ill., 1X:7:06, Col. by E. B. Chope; Meredosia, Ill., VIII.8.23, H. E.
Roberts Collector, Corn; Havana, IIl., VIII.19.07; Lake Forest, Ill., 6-VIII-
1906, J. G. N.; Urbana, Ill., Apr. 7, 1892, and Apr. 11, 1892, McElfresh, around
stump in overflowed land; Urbana, IIl., Jan. 1, 1889, and Apr. 5, 1885; Urbana,
Ill., Jul. 1, 07, at light; Beach, Ill., lake shore, Aug. 24, 06; Aurora, IIl., July
17, 1927, at light, Coll. T. H. F. and R. D. G.; Aurora, IIl., Jul. 8, 08, under
log; Oregon, Ill., May 13, ’15, on oak sprouts; E. St. Louis, Ill., June 26, 1931,
Frison, Betten & Ross.
16—2181
242 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Iowa:
Iowa; Sioux City, Ia.; Sioux City, Ia., 26.ITI.89; Sioux City, Ia., 29/4 and
8/7; Iowa City, Iowa, IV.16, Wickham; Iowa City, Ia., 4-23-16, L. Buchanan;
Iowa City, Wickham; Iowa City, Ia., V1.7.1895; Iowa City, Wickham, III-25-
98; Iowa City, Wickham, III.28; Iowa City, Ia., V-16-'18, Stoner; Iowa City,
Ia., 1V.23.1895; Des Moines, Iowa, VII-15-’14, D. Stoner; Keokuk, Iowa, June,
Shaffer; Muscatine, Ia., 4-21-19, F. M. Wadley Collector; Lake Okoboji, Ia.,
July 24, 1917, L. L. Buchanan; Cedar Rapids, Ia., Shimek; Solon, Iowa,
4-23-15, Buchanan; Ames, Iowa, VII-7-’13, D. Stoner; Oskaloosa, Iowa; Iowa,
Bufo 2052 (Lost Island Lake, Clay County, July 26, 1918, A. G. Ruthven).
Nebraska:
Nebraska City, Nebraska; Neb.
Missouri:
Mo.; St. L., Mo.; St. Peters, Mo., Oct. 23, H. E. Roberts Collector.
Kansas:
Ks.; Xan.; Topeka, Ks., Popenoe; Topeka, Kan., Jul. 19, Popenoe; Riley
Co., Ks., Jun. 23, Popenoe; McPherson, Kansas, July; Lawrence, Ks., 8-8-1933,
Wm. D. Field; Lawrence, Kan., 6-22-33, Jack Penfold; Lawrence, Kan., May,
1933, D. Lewis; Lawrence, Ks., 22.V1I.1922, C. H. Curran; Doug. Co., Ks.,
7-2-35, Chas. Amyx; Lawrence, Kas., 7-13-35, L. S. Henderson, at light;
Douglas Co., Ks., 6-22-33 and 6-22-34, L. 8. Henderson; Lawrence, Kansas,
6-21-33, L. S. Henderson, at light; Lawrence, Kas., 6-17-36, L. S. Henderson,
Collected at light; Leavenworth Co., Kans., 6-22-33, L. S. Henderson, tray
light; Kan., T. B. A.
Arkansas:
Ark.
Texas:
Texas; Dallas, Tex., 26.6, H. S. Barber Collector.
Colorado:
Col.
Utah:
Dry Lake, Ut., 7/31/1926, G. F. Knowlton Collector; Salt Lake, Utah, C. N.
Ainslie Collector.
Nevada:
Nev.
Oregon:
Or.; The Dalles, Oreg.; Dalles, Or.; Dalles Ore., Chittenden Collector.
California:
Sta. Rosa, Cal., 6.13.
CANADA
Quebec:
Montebello, Que., VIII-3-37; Berthier, Que., 5/30/21.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 243
Ontario:
E. Ont.; Toronto, Ont., R. J. Crew; Ottawa, Can., Rockcliffe Park, 2.X.
1907, C. H. Young; Pt. Pelee, Ont., 5. VI.1929, L. J. Milne; Co. Prince Edw’d.,
Ont., Can., 1.7.96. Evans; Ottawa, 25.5.96.
British Columbia:
Creston, B. C., 12-VII-1926, G. Stace Smith, Jointgrass.
Listronotus ingens new species
(Plate XXXII, figs. 2, 2a; Plate XX XVII, fig. 4)
Length, 11to13.5mm. Large, oblong, stout. Body black. Head,
beak, median half of disk of prothorax, middle of thoracic sterna
and all of abdominal sterna rather thinly clothed with very narrow
scales or setae which are brownish-cinereous, sometimes with a
slight cupreous tinge; sides of prothorax and elytra clothed with
small, rounded, dull-brown scales. Sixth and seventh intervals of
elytra sometimes with mottlings of cinereous scales, or rarely al-
most entirely light-colored from humeri to apical third of elytra;
occasional small scattered patches of lighter scales on basal half of
sides of elytra. Beak slightly longer than prothorax, moderately
stout, very shghtly curved in male, more strongly curved in fe-
male; usually rather strongly tricarinate; median carina always
prominent and sharp; lateral carinae more rounded, always pres-
ent but occasionally less pronounced; lateral sulci present but
rather broad and shallow; finely and densely punctate. Head
strongly convex, densely punctate; frontal fovea deep, elongate,
sometimes continuing upward for a short distance onto the head as
a sharp, narrow sulcus. When viewed from the side there is usually
a rather pronounced impression at the point of the frontal fovea,
between the convex head and the base of the curved upper surface
of the beak. Antennae with second segment of funicle not quite
twice as long as first; third segment elongate, longer than fourth,
and about the same length as the first; seventh segment more closely
united with the club than in the other species of this group.
Prothorax one-fifth wider than long; ocular lobes not very strongly
developed; sides broadly rounded, widest slightly beyond the middle;
apex truncate, base slightly curved, basal angles rounded; disk
convex, densely but very shallowly punctate; median half of disk
clothed only with very slender scales. »Scutellum elongate, very
densely covered with minute buff-colored scales. Base of elytra
rather deeply emarginate; humeri right-angulate or very slightly
oblique, with a rather prominent angulation just behind the humeri;
sides nearly parallel to apical third, then narrowed to the conjointly
244 THE UNIvEerRsITy SciENCE BULLETIN
rounded apices; striae fine, not strongly impressed, punctures moder-
ate, distant; intervals slightly convex, sometimes slightly roughened
by transverse wrinkles; setae very short and slender, confused on
third, fifth, and seventh intervals, in a single row on the others;
posterior calli scarcely evident. Ventral surface clothed mostly
with slender scales; finely and densely punctate. Male with a
broad, feeble, median impression across all of the third (first
visible) abdominal sternum and the basal half of the fourth; seventh
(fifth visible) sternum unmodified. Female with a somewhat tri-
angular area at base of seventh (fifth visible) abdominal sternum
devoid of punctures and scales, shining, but minutely reticulate.
Nores on Types. Holotype male and allotype female from “Okla.”
Ten paratypes as follows: 2 males, 1 female, “Okla.”; 1 male, “Still-
water, Okla., 6-16-’30”; 1 male, “Arcadia, Tx., 5-10-35”; 1 female,
“La.”’; 1 male, 1 female, “Kansas, Ashton Collection”; 1 male and
1 female, “Laporte Co., Ind., 6-10-01, W. 8. B.” Holotype and
allotype in the American Museum of Natural History. Paratypes
in the American Museum of Natural History, United States Na-
tional Museum, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy at Harvard Col-
lege, Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Collections at the
University of Kansas, and in the entomological collections of Purdue
University and at College Station, Texas.
REMARKS AND Comparative Notes. This species is very closely
related to L. caudatus (Say). The shape of the eighth sterna of the
females is very much the same, but there are slight differences
which are constant and specific in nature. The females of the two
species may be easily separated by the absence of the caudal proc-
esses of the elytra in L. ingens n. sp. The male genitalia of the two
species are very distinct. L. ingens n. sp. may be recognized by the
setae on the median half of the prothorax, by the strongly tricarinate
beak, and the deep frontal fovea. LL. caudatus (Say) has a few
slender seales along the median line of the disk of the prothorax, but
they are not hairlike and do not extend laterally beyond the median
line. The following external characters will be found of value in
separating L. ingens n. sp. from L. caudatus (Say): beak more
strongly curved and the lateral carinae more distinct; frontal fovea
deeper; scales on median half of disk of prothorax more hairlike;
larger punctures bearing dark, stout, semierect setae very sparse or
absent; sides of prothorax more rounded; humeri a little more
oblique, elytra smoother, sometimes with mottlings of cinereous
scales; ventral surface with fewer rounded scales, almost none on
the fourth (second visible) abdominal sternum.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 245
Data on DistripuTion. Although this species is represented by
only a few known individuals and is apparently very rare, at least
in collections, it has a rather wide range. Specimens have been ex-
amined from Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana.
Listronotus americanus LeConte, 1876
(Plate XXXI, fig. 1; Plate XX XVII, fig. 9)
1876. Listronotus americanus LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 131.
1916. Listronotus americanus LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
eastern America, p. 157.
1920. Listronotus americanus LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Americs
North of Mexico, p. 316.
1931. Listronotus americanus LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, 7 Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
OriGINAL Description. “Blackish, covered with round, dirty-
brown scales, becoming larger on the prothorax, less dense and hair-
like upon the head and beak. Beak as long as the prothorax,
strongly carinate and suleate. Prothorax scarcely as long as wide,
rounded on the sides, narrowed before the middle, constricted to-
wards the tip; marked with two sinuous lateral vittae, and a scarcely
distinct dorsal line of pale scales. The punctures are less concealed
by scales than in the species above described [L. caudatus (Say) |,
and are very coarse and dense. Scutellum pale. Elytra strongly
emarginate at base, humeri oblique, sides then parallel, rounded be-
hind; the posterior callus is distinct, not very prominent; the elytra
are compressed at the suture towards the tip, and vertically de-
clivous; the striae are strongly punctured, the interspaces somewhat
uneven; there is an indistinct broad stripe commencing at the hu-
meri and running backwards on the sixth, seventh, and eighth inter-
spaces, and there are besides some irregular mottlings of pale scales.
Beneath punctured, irregularly spotted with large pale scales; thighs
with a pale band. Length, 14 mm.; .55 inch.
“Female. Last ventral deeply concave, the excavation smooth
at the bottom, and transversely impressed with a short line, becom-
ing narrow at the tip, which is deeply emarginate; the upper mar-
ginal line is continued around the tip, separate from the lower one,
and the space between them is curiously and deeply marked with
two excavations on each side near the extreme emargination; py-
gidium strongly emarginate; tips of the elytra separately rounded.
Male wanting.
“Georgia, three specimens. I have seen nothing similar to the
curious sculpture of the last ventral segment, though in its homology
it is only a modification and complication of the forms mentioned
246 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
under other species. It is the Eudocimus americanus De}. Cat. 299,
but bears no resemblance to Hu. mannerheimu.”
AppITIONAL Description. Length, 10.5 to 14mm. Beak slightly
longer than the prothorax, tricarinate; median carina sharp and
smooth, lateral carinae broader, more rounded, and punctate; there
is a very distinct deep lateral sulcus on the basal half of the beak;
upper surface rather coarsely punctate, slightly rugose on sides and
on the head between the eyes; frontal fovea rather deep. Antennae
slender; second segment of funicle about twice as long as first; third
segment distinctly longer than fourth, about the same length as the
first; seventh segment enlarged and rather closely joined to the club.
Disk of prothorax slightly wider than long; ocular lobes moderately
developed. The base of the elytra is more deeply emarginate in
this species than in any other, causing the humeral angle to be
rather oblique; anterior margin along first five elytral intervals
somewhat elevated; the basal region of the tenth and eleventh inter-
vals directly beneath the humerus is impressed, giving a sharp and
rather prominent appearance to the humeri when viewed from the
front; alternate intervals slightly more convex; transverse wrinkles
give a rough appearance to the elytra. Legs rather long; tibiae with
a rather stout mucro and a fringe of long, yellow hair on the ex-
treme apical portion along the inner or lower margin. Male with
tips of elytra conjointly rounded and seventh sternum broadly con-
vex in the anterior half.
Norres oN Types. LeConte described this large and interesting
species from three females which he stated were from Georgia.
These specimens have been examined. Two are in the LeConte
collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoélogy at Harvard Col-
lege and the other is from the Horn collection and is in the collection
of the American Entomological Society in the Philadelphia Academy
of Natural Sciences. All three of these specimens bear the orange
disk of colored paper which LeConte used to indicate the “southern
states.”
Bro.tocicaL Notes. Nothing is known of the biology of this spe-
cies. Dr. H. P. Léding of Mobile, Ala. (in litt., Jan. 24, 1986), says:
“T have taken L. americanus here, but it seems extremely rare, or at
least hard to find. I have not so far been able to associate the spe-
cies with its food plant.”
Data on DisrriputTion. Only seven specimens of this species
have been seen. There is a female in the United States National
Museum from the collection of Bovie, bearing the label “Patrie?.”
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 247
There is a large male from Florida in the collection of Mr. H. C.
Fall. Dr. H. P. Loding has a pair from Alabama. The available
records follow:
Georgia:
Georgia.
Florida:
St. Augustine, Fla.
Alabama:
Dog River, Ala., IV .14.32; Springhill, Ala., XII.18.27.
Listronotus callosus LeConte 1876
(Plate XXXIV, fig. 4; Plate XXXVI, fig. 6)
1876. Listronotus callosus LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 130.
1885. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Townsend, Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 72.
1903. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Ulke, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, p. 33. (Name cited
in error.)
1906. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Evans, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 100. (Name
cited in error.)
1910. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Smith, The Insects of New Jersey, p. 382. (Name
cited in error.)
1911. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Mitchell and Pierce, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol.
XIII, p. 50.
1916. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North Eastern
America, p. 155.
1920. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 316.
1928. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Leng, Cornell Univ. Agri. Exp. Sta., Memoir 101,
p. 495. (Name cited in error.)
1931. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1937. Listronotus callosus LeConte. Bleasdell, Iowa St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI, No. 4,
p. 445.
OriGINAL Description. ‘“Blackish, densely clothed, as in the other
species, with small, rounded scales, becoming larger on the prothorax,
and hairlike upon the head, they are dirt-colored on the general
surface of the body, but pale at the sides of the prothorax and elytra,
and on a narrow dorsal vitta of the former. Beak as long as the
prothorax, distinctly carinate and sulcate, prothorax scarcely as
wide as long, broadly rounded on the sides, gradually narrowed in
front of the middle, marked as usual with scattered black dots.
Seutellum pale. Elytra strongly emarginate at base, humeri oblique,
striae strongly punctured, interspaces wide, somewhat convex;
posterior callus rather prominent, oblong, fading in front into the
fifth and adjoining interspaces. Beneath dirty-brown, speckled with
black punctures. Length, 9-10.5 mm.; .35-.42 inch.
“Male. Last ventral segment not impressed, anal segment very
shghtly visible behind the last ventral.
“Female. First and second ventrals with a broad, shallow im-
248 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
pression, last ventral with a deep, round excavation extending from
the base to the tip; pygidium semicircularly emarginate at tip; elytra
separately subacuminate at tip.
“New York to Georgia. The posterior callus of the elytra is about
as prominent as in L. squamiger, but not so narrow.”
ApDITIONAL Description. Length, 8-11 mm. Median carina of
beak sharp, distinct; lateral carinae more rounded and less promi-
nent than median carina; beak slightly longer than prothorax.
There is a rather deep sulcus between the lateral carina and the
scrobe of the antenna, beginning at the base of the beak. This
sulcus becomes less deep as it extends forward and becomes obsolete
slightly beyond the middle. Disk of prothorax one-fifth wider than
long; ocular lobes moderately developed. The scattered black dots
of the prothorax mentioned in the original description are the
scattered larger punctures which are open and bear setae instead of
scales. The depression of the seventh abdominal sternum of the
female is transverse rather than rounded. Although the depression
is usually deep there are occasional specimens with a rather shallow
impression.
Nores on Types. The types of this species have been examined.
They are located in the LeConte collection in the Museum of Com-
parative Zodlogy at Harvard College. There are two specimens at
the head of the series which bear type labels. The first is a male
and the second is a female. They both bear the pink disk which
LeConte used to indicate the “middle states.” These two specimens
agree with LeConte’s description of the species. There are three
additional specimens in the series, all L. squamiger (Say). The
first of these specimens is from “Can.,” and since Canada is not
mentioned in the original description, this specimen, and the other
two labeled “N. Ill.” were undoubtedly added to the series at some
later time. LeConte gives New York to Georgia as the range of
L. callosus LeConte. The New York record is undoubtedly based
upon a misidentification. I do not know where the types were col-
lected, but they probably came from some locality north or west of
Georgia, since Georgia was considered by LeConte as a southern
state and the types are said to come from the “middle states.” I
have seen representatives of this species from only as far north as
South Carolina.
REMARKS AND Comparative Nores. One male specimen was
found which bears the label “Listroderes squamiger Say, Lec./74.”
This label was written two years before the present species had been
described. Male specimens of L. caudatus (Say) are frequently
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 249
found which have been determined as L. callosus LeConte. The
latter species may be distinguished from L. caudatus (Say) by the
more deeply emarginate base of the elytra and the more prominent
posterior calli. The elytral intervals are more convex and are with-
out the transverse wrinkles which are present in L. caudatus (Say).
Some of the large representatives of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal) are
very similar to L. callosus LeConte; however, in the latter the base
of the elytra is a little more emarginate and the humeri are more
acute, the posterior calli of the elytra are less pronounced, the beak
is heavier and thicker, and the median carina is stronger. In the
females the two species may be easily separated by the caudate
elytra of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal).
Brotocicat Nores. Nothing is known of the life history or food
plant of this species. It has been recorded by Townsend (1885) as
having been taken in some numbers with L. tuberosus LeConte,
L. nebulosus LeConte, and L. frontalis LeConte under old railroad
ties and pieces of wood in dry places during the first part of April.
Dara on DistripuTion. The distribution of this species as given
by LeConte in the original description has already been discussed in
the paragraph concerning types. Blatchley and Leng (1916) add
Ontario, District of Columbia, New Jersey, Michigan, Illinois and
Louisiana. All these records, except the one for Louisiana, are
erroneous, since the species does not extend into any of the northern
states. The northern records for this species are based on misde-
terminations, the confusion probably being with L. caudatus (Say)
and L. squamiger (Say), representatives of both having been found
determined as L. callosus LeConte. Mitchell and Pierce (1911)
record the species as having been collected by Walker in Victoria
county, Texas, June 18, 1904.
The center of population of this species seems to be in Louisiana,
the great majority of the specimens examined having come from
there. A few specimens have been seen from other states. Material
has been examined from the following localities:
South Carolina:
So. Carolina.
Georgia:
Geo.
Alabama:
Ala.
Louisiana:
Louisiana; La., Horn, 7/10/73; New Orleans, La., 28/2/93 and 26.X.91;
New Orleans, La., 11/3, 26/3, 6/6, and 10/6; New Orleans, 11/3.
Texas:
Tex.; Willis, Tex., ’03.
250 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Listronotus squamiger (Say) 1831
(Plate XXXV, fig. 3; Plate XXXVI, fig. 4)
1831. Listroderes squamiger Say, Desc. n. sp. Am. Curculionites, p. 11.
1834. Listroderes squamiger Say. Gyllenhall, in Schénherr, Genera et Species Curculioni-
dum, II, 1, p. 279.
1835. Curculio (Listroderes, Sch.) reticulatus Harris. Harris, Catalogues of the Animals
and Plants of Massachusetts, p. 49. (Nomen nudum.)
1842. Listroderes squamiger Say. Boheman, in Schénherr, Genera et Species Curculioni-
dum, VI, 2, p. 189.
1842. Listroderes inaequalipennis Boheman, in Schénherr, Genera et Species Curculionidum,
VI, 2, p. 189.
1853. Listroderes squamiger Say. Melsheimer, F. E., Catalogue of the described Coleop-
tera of the United States, p. 95.
1859. Listroderes squamiger, Say. Complete Writings of Thomas Say, ed. LeConte, Vol.
pera Ar ale
1871. Listroderes squamiger Say. Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleopterorum,
VIII, p. 2361.
1871. Listroderes inaequalipennis Boheman. Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleop-
terorum, VIII, p. 2360.
1873. Listroderes squamiger Say. Crotch, Check List of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 118.
1873. Listroderes inaequalipennis Boheman. Crotch, Check List of the Coleoptera of
America, North of Mexico, p. 118.
1876. Listronotus squamiger (Say). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 130.
1876. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 1381.
1878. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Popenoe, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., VI, p. 85.
1889. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Townsend, Psyche, V, p. 234.
1893. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Beutenmiiller, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., I, p. 40.
1895. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII, p. 344.
1895. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII,
p. 344.
1903. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Evans, Can. Ent. XXXV, p. 319.
1903. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Ulke, Proc. U. 8. N. M., XXV, p. 33.
1910. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1910. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1916. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North Eastern
America, p. 155.
1916. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of
North Eastern America, p. 156.
1920. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Britton, Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv.,
Bull. 31, p. 283.
1920. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 316.
1920. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of
America, North of Mexico, p. 316.
1925. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Hatch, Papers, Mich. Ac. Sci., IV, 1,
p. 584.
1928. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Leng, C. W., Cornell University Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, Memoir 101, p. 495.
1928. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Leng, C. W., Cornell University Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, Memoir 101, p. 495.
1931. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
1931. Listronotus inaequalis (Boheman). Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleo})-
terorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1937. Listronotus squamiger (Say). Bleasdell, Iowa State College Journal of Science, XT,
No. 4, p. 415.
1937. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman). Bleasdell, Iowa State College Journal of
Science, XI, No. 4, p. 416.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 251
OrIGINAL Description. ‘Body covered with minute brownish
cinereous scales: rostrum with a carinate line; thorax with scattered
punctures; not flattened; scutel yellowish or whitish, elytra with
punctured striae towards the tip concealed by the scales; the united
tip obtusely rounded; humeri obtuse.
“Length, from two-fifths to half an inch.
“Tnhabits Arkansaw.
“Much like caudatus, but in that species the humeral line is cari-
nate and acute.”
ADDITIONAL Description. Length, 7.5 to 10mm. Elongate-ob-
long, black. Densely covered with dark brown or fuscous scales,
sometimes with a slight cupreous tinge, especially on the head and
sides of the elytra; thorax with an oblique stripe of pale scales on
each side, continuing posteriorly onto the elytra as a very small
humeral spot; median thoracic vitta sometimes entire, usually in-
terrupted at middle, and sometimes only very faintly indicated.
Beak moderately stout, equal in length to the prothorax, slightly
thicker and with upper surface more strongly curved in female than
in male; median carina distinct and sharp, but fine; lateral carinae
absent and lateral sulci faint; surface finely and densely punctate,
rather thickly clothed with small, slender scales. Second segment
of funicle of antenna about twice as long as first, third segment
longer than fourth. Head finely and very thickly punctate, covered
with small, elongate scales; frontal fovea moderately impressed.
Disk of prothorax slightly wider than long; ocular lobes well-de-
veloped; sides of prothorax nearly straight, slightly constricted at
apex, basal angles rounded; base slightly arcuate; disk densely
punctate, each puncture covered by a rounded, striate scale; a few
scattered punctures larger, open, bearing coarse brown semierect
setae. Scutellum elongate, thickly covered with light, slender scales.
Elytra emarginate at base; humeri rounded; sides parallel to apical
third, then converging to apex; odd intervals elevated and usually
connected by transverse wrinkles which vary greatly with different
individuals in the number and degree of convexity; elytra thickly
clothed with small fuscous scales; third, fifth, and seventh intervals
with several confused rows of coarse, brown semierect setae, other
intervals with a single row; striae fine, remotely punctate, each punc-
ture bearing a very short slender seta; posterior calli of elytra not
very prominent. Ventral surface with sides of mesosternum and the
mesothoracic pleurites very sparsely clothed with a few rounded
scales and some slender setae; sides of metasternum densely covered
252 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
with scales, the median area with rather short, slender setae. Legs
densely squamose and setose, femora with a preapical spot of lighter
scales on outer side. Male with abdominal sterna densely punctate,
third sternum more sparsely punctate than the others; intervals be-
tween the punctures shining and very minutely reticulate; large and
small punctures intermixed, especially on the last three visible
sterna, the small punctures bearing short, slender, decumbent setae,
the larger punctures bearing long, coarse, semierect setae; squamose
areas only on the sides of the third and fourth abdominal sterna; a
rather broad, deep, median impression on the third abdominal ster-
num and the basal half of the fourth. Terminal spur on hind tibia
broad, flattened, somewhat spoon-shaped. Apex of elytra conjointly
rounded. Female with abdominal sterna more finely and densely
punctate than in the male, but also having the surface shining and
minutely reticulate; third abdominal sternum with short setae at
base and in small depressed median area toward the apex, the rest
of the sclerite squamose; fourth abdominal sternum squamose over
its entire surface; fifth and sixth abdominal sterna with small lateral
squamose areas; seventh abdominal sternum with two strongly
elevated folds toward the tip, each inclined posteriorly, beginning
at the posterior corners of the sclerite and extending cephalo-mesad
to about the middle of the sclerite, but not meeting; the median part
of the sclerite, anterior to the area enclosed by the lateral folds is
shining and impunctate, but minutely reticulate. The seventh ter-
gum is somewhat prolonged into a subacuminate tip which projects |
ventrally between the tips of the elytra and the last visible sternum,
reaching a little beyond the level of that sclerite and a very short
distance into the space between the lateral folds. The apical spur
of the hind tibia is rather broad and stout, and somewhat flattened.
There is a blunt tooth near the base of the spur and nearly at right
angles to it. The tooth is quite variable in its extent of develop-
ment, sometimes becoming approximately the same size as the main
spur and in these cases the effect is to produce a spur with a bifid
tip. The tips of the female elytra are usually separately sub-
acuminate. In some individuals the tips of the elytra are prolonged
into caudate processes such as are found in L. caudatus (Say). All
degrees of development are found between these two extremes.
Specimens examined which have exhibited the caudate condition of
the elytra have usually been from New Jersey and the District of
Columbia.
Nores ON Synonymy. Listronotus inaequalipennis (Boheman)
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 253
has been found to be a synonym of L. squwamiger (Say), the latter
name having priority by eleven years. The type of L. inaequalipen-
nis (Boheman) has been examined and does not differ from L.
squamiger (Say). The type specimen is a male. The differences
upon which Boheman based the identity of the species are only
individual variations. Throughout his entire description he com-
pares the species to L. squamiger (Say), stating that L. inaequali-
pennis (Boheman) is “distinguished from it only by the distant
transverse wrinkles of the elytra, and the more elevated alternate
intervals.” During the course of the examination of several hundred
specimens of this species these characters have been found to be
quite variable. Although Boheman’s type is somewhat roughly
sculptured, having rather distinct alternate intervals and trans-
verse wrinkles on the elytra, this appearance is emphasized by the
fact that the specimen has been rubbed, removing the scales from
the convexities and exposing the black, shining elytra in these
places.
Harris (1835), in the catalogue of the insects of Massachusetts,
lists the name reticulatus under the genus Curculio (Listroderes,
Sch.). I have seen the specimens on which this record is based,
located in the Harris collection in the New England Museum of
Natural History in Boston. They are L. squamiger (Say), and L.
reticulatus (Harris) is a nomen nudum, since a description of the
species was never published. Although Harris did not attribute the
name to Say in the catalogue, Harris’ own books indicate that
reticulatus was a Say manuscript name in Listroderes, but this name
was never published by Say.
Norrs on Types. The types of this species have been lost, as
have most of the other Say types. Neotypes are being designated.
The species was described from “Arkansaw,”’ and a few specimens
from that state have been seen, but the greater part of the range of
the species is more northern, and for this reason the types were
selected from Iowa. Another reason is that the Arkansas specimens
were very few and were in poor condition, while longer series of per-
fect and typical specimens could be secured from Iowa.
Neoholotype male and neoallotype female, “Iowa City, Iowa,
IV.16, Wickham.”” Seven neoparatypes as follows: 1 male, “Lake
Okoboji, Ia., June 23, 1917, L. L. Buchanan”; 2 males, 2 females,
“Lake Forest, Ill., U. 8. A., 6-VIII-1906, J. C. N.”’; 2 males, “Ind.”
Neoholotype and neoallotype in the United States National Museum.
Neoparatypes in the United States National Museum and in the
254 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Collections at the Uni-
versity of Kansas. |
REMARKS AND COMPARATIVE Nores. Reference has already been
made to the caudate condition of the elytra of some females of
this species. There is a limited region along the Atlantic coast be-
tween Massachusetts and North Carolina where females have been
found with caudate elytra. No other difference can be detected
between these females and others of the species without the pro-
longations of the tips of the elytra. The peculiar development of
the seventh sternum is the same and the eighth sternum is the same.
No difference at all can be found between males from this region
and those from other localities. Specimens have been taken over a
long period of years, so this is not some variation which occurred
during one season and then ceased to exist. Dates of collection
have ranged from March to August, excluding the possibility of
seasonal effect upon development. No explanation can be offered
as to the causes of this condition. Some workers might be inclined
to assign a name to these caudate individuals, but until more is
known of the biology of the species and the nature of the cause of
this development such action would be unwise.
Most of the females seen with caudate elytra have been from
Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Washington, D. C. The point
farthest south is Raleigh, N. C. Females with both caudate and
rounded elytra have been seen from Virgina. All females examined
from the District of Columbia have had caudate elytra. Several
specimens from Delaware and Philadelphia, Pa., were caudate.
Some caudate females were found from Long Island, N. Y., and
others were labeled only New York, but were probably from the
eastern part of the state. A long series of females from New Jersey
has been examined, and in this locality are found all stages of gra-
dation from a condition in which there are long processes on the
elytra to one in which the elytra are conjointly rounded.
A series of fifteen specimens has been arranged to show the grada-
tion between the two extremes. These specimens are being desig-
nated as plesiotypes and are numbered consecutively. They will be
deposited in the United States National Museum, and the series is
to be kept intact.
A very few caudate females have been seen which were not from
the Atlantic coastal region previously mentioned. A specimen from
Marquette, Mich., has the elytra prominently acuminate at the apex.
A specimen from Indiana has very short acuminate processes. An-
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS ea,
other individual from Aweme, Manitoba, is included as plesiotype
number four in the series described in the preceding paragraph, and
has elytral processes which, although distinct, are not as strongly
developed as in some cases. A specimen from Ohio has prominent
caudal processes.
LeConte (1876) recognized only one female of L. squamiger (Say)
from Georgia. The males of this species were treated as L. in-
aequalipennis (Boheman). LeConte applied the name L. inaequali-
pennis (Boheman) to the females with caudate elytra. Blatchley
and Leng (1916) followed LeConte in the application of the name
L. naequalipennis (Boheman) to the females with caudate elytra.
Males were treated both as L. squamiger (Say) and L. inaequali-
pennis (Boheman).
L. squamiger (Say) is sometimes confused with L. caudatus (Say),
but may be separated from it by the more rounded elytral humeri
and the peculiar structure of the spurs of the hind tibiae. The fe-
male may also be readily distinguished by the structure of the last
visible abdominal sternum. This species is also sometimes confused
with L. callosus LeConte and here again it may be separated by the
rounded humeri, the spurs, and the structure of the seventh ab-
dominal sternum of the female.
A female was found from Millers, Ind., with quite a deep median
longitudinal sulcus on the disk of the prothorax. The sulcus is deep-
est at the base of the prothorax and within it there is a rather sharp
median carina, interrupted at the base and the apex.
Broutocicat Notes. This species is often attracted to light. It
occurs along the margins of lakes and ponds and has been found un-
der cover in swamps, or by sifting moss and debris in swamps. It
has been reared from Scirpus validus Vahl., by Satterthwait. Blatch-
ley and Leng (1916) state that the larvae live in the stems of the
broad-leaved arrowhead, Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Beutenmiiller
(1893) says that according to Hamilton the larvae live in the stems
of Sagittaria variabilis.
Specimens have been examined which had been taken from the
stomach of Bufo americanus. The records are: Palo Alto county,
Iowa, 7-5-07 and 7-16-07, A. G. Ruthven; Stevens Pt., Mellen, Wis.,
July 19, 1918, A. I. Ortenburger; and Harbert, Berrien county,
Michigan, July 13, 1917, A. G. Ruthven. Another specimen has
been examined which had been taken from the stomach of a female
water snake, Natrix sipedon, taken at Bennings Marsh, D. C., April
22, 1917, by E. G. Holt.
956 THe UNIvEerRsITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Data oN DistripuTion. Described by Say from “Arkansaw.”
Recorded by LeConte (1876) from Georgia. Blatchley and Leng
(1916) give the range as “‘from Quebec and New Jersey to Illinois,
south to Georgia, Arkansas and Louisiana.” I have seen no speci-
mens from as far south as Louisiana. Representatives of this species
have been seen from Canada, extending from Ontario to British
Columbia, and from the United States from the northern, eastern,
and central states, extending as far south as North Carolina, and
west to Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota and Montana. I have
also seen one specimen labeled “San Francisco, California,” but
until additional specimens are seen, either from there, or from
regions between there and the area now known to be inhabited by
the species, there will be some doubt as to the authenticity of this
label. Specimens have been examined from the following localities:
UNITED STATES
Massachusetts:
Mas.; Mass.; Chicopee, Mass.; Camb., 4.14; Fram’ham, Mass., V-28-26,
C. A. Frost; Framingham, Mass., IV-4-26, C. A. Frost, Sifting; Sherborn, Mass.,
V-6-34, C. A. Frost, Sifting swamp; Sherborn, Mass., X-13-23, C. A. Frost,
Sifting moss; Boston, Mass., IV.10.02 and III.30.02, H. M. Parshley; Spring-
field, Mass.; Cambridge, Mass., April 21, 1866, F. P. Atkinson; Mass., P. S.
Sprague tDieirodece: renee, Say Ms.); Cambridge, J. C. Morrill, Jr., June
5 (Listroderes reticulatus Say Ms.); Dorchester, Mass., 9-VII and 10-VII-’03;
Dorchester, Mass., Aug. 8, 09, Bolster; W. Roxbury, Mass., Apr. 18, 1909,
Bolster; Lowell, Mass.; Brookline, Mass.; Cambridge, Mass., V.5.1925, Dar-
lington; Arlington, Mass., III.28.24, P. J. Daineinae Dorchester, Mass., June
3, 1903, July 7, 1903, July 6, 1903, and July 25, 1903.
New York:
.Y.; N. Y. City & vety.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Rochester, N. Y., July 23, 1933,
R. a eae Orangeburg, N. Y. V.3.1925, A. Nicolay; Ithaca, N. Y., July 13;
16, H. Dietrich Collector; Rockaway B., L. I., June 26, 1910, Wm. T. Davis.
New Jersey:
N. J.; Slt. Mdows., N. J.; Blmfield., N. J.; Bloomsburg, N. J., [X-3;
Roselle Park, N. J., 1V.4.1926, XI.29.1925, and XII-9-1923, A. Nicolay ; Cedar
Grove, N. J., V.30.1923;- Cedar Grove, N. J., IV-5-1925, A. Nicolay; No.
Arlington, N. J., I[I-17, I11-26, and XI-7; Arlington, N. J., I[I-17; Avalon,
N. J., 7-5; Orange, N. J., 6/20, Elec. light; Orange, N. J., 6/20, Chittenden
Collector; Hopatcong, N. J.; “Upper” Montclair, N. J., VIII.22.1925, A.
Nicolay; Camden, N. J., I1I-3; Cramer Hill, N. J., 5.80.96; Woodbury, N. J.
Aug. 7, 96; Westville, N. J.. H. W. Wenzel Collector; Mt. Pleasant, N. J.,
Gerhard Coll.; Hillsdale, N. J., 8.V.26.
Pennsylvania:
Frankford, Pa., VI.21, A. Schmidt Collector; Phila., Pa., 6.22.96; Penn-
sylvania, Schuppel; Phila. Neck, Pa., VII-21, H. A. and H. W. Wenzel Col-
lectors; Pa.
Tw)
On
_
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS
Delaware:
Del.
District of Columbia:
D. C.; Wash., D. C.; Washgtn., D. C.; D. C., June 11,.86; Washington, D.
C., Chittenden Collector; Washington, D. C., TII.3.1928, A. Nicolay; Wash-
ington, D. C., May, 1922, and May 14, 1921, D. H. Blake Coll.; Washington,
D. C., July 1-08, W. L. McAtee Collector; Washington, D. C., 27-IV-13 and
July 10, 1913, W. L. McAtee Collector, at light; Wash., D. C., Apr. 22, No. 109.
Natrix (Natriz sipedon, Bennings Marsh, D. C., April 22, 1917, E. G. Holt).
Virgina:
Va.; Va., Nov. 6.81; Vienna, Va.; Alex. Co., VI-14-10 and IX-2-1910; Alex.
Co., Va., June 14, 1910, Wm. T. Davis; Falls Church, Va., 19 Oct.
North Carolina:
N.C.; Raleigh, N. C., April, 03, F. Sherman Collector.
Ohio:
Ohio; Columbus, O., 6-21-14 and 7-30-14, V. R. Haber Collector.
Indiana:
Ind.; Indiana; Millers, Ind., Jul. 18, 07, VII-19-13, and VIII-2-15; Mineral
Spg., Ind., IX.2; Lafayette, Ind., IV.3.’16, Satterthwait collector, Under board
in swamp; Millers, Ind., VII-9, Liljeblad Collector; Lake Co., Ind., 6-15-03
and 7-28-97, W. S. B.; Kosciusko Co., Ind., 6-9-02, W. S. B.; Steub. Co., Ind.,
7-6-04, W.S. B.; Marion Co., Ind., 5-23-97, W.S. B.
Michigan:
Mich.; Detroit, Mich.; Det., Sept.; Detroit, May 21; S. Haven, Mich.;
Port Huron, Mich., June; Ottawa Co., Mich., Aug. 26, E. A. P.; Marquette,
Mich., 29.7; Leelanau Co., Mich., 7-25-1936, Robert W. Forbes; Harbert,
Mich., Bufo am. 1984 (Berrien Co., July 13, 1917, A. G. Ruthven).
Wisconsin:
Wis.; Madison, Dane Co., Wis., V-4-07, C. B. Hardenberg; Beaver Dam,
Wis., IV-9-1911, W. E. Snyder; Bayfld., Wis., Wickham; Cranmoor, Wisc.,
5-2-8; Cranmoor, Wis., IV.15.10, VI.18.10, and X.14.1909, C. W. Hooker
Collector; Cranmoor, Wood Co., Wis., VI.23.07, C. B. Hardenberg; Wis., Bufo
2412 (Stevens Pt., Mellen, Wisconsin, July 19, 1918, A. I. Ortenburger).
Minnesota:
Minn.; Duluth, Minn.; St. Anth. Park, Minn., 7/4, 14/4, 5/20, and 4/7;
St. Anthony Pk., Minn., VIII.26.10; St. Anthony Park, Minn., VI-25-1921,
W. E. Hoffman, coll. at light; Hennepin Co., Minn., 6/1; Hennepin Co., Minn..,
May 2, 1936, C. E. Mickel; Hennepin Co., Minn., May 3, 1937, M. T. Jen;
Olmstead Co., Minn., C. N. Ainslie; Anoka Co., Minn., May 8 and 9, 1937,
M. T. Jen, Kohls, Edward Thomas, K. 8. Liu, and H. C. Ma Collectors; Ram-
say Co., Minn., May 5; Ramsey Co., Minn., May 15, 1937, K. S. Liu Collector;
Ramsay Co., Minn., Battle Creek, April 15, 1922, Wm. E. Hoffmann; Roches-
ter, Minn., 6.23.94, C. N. Ainslie; U. Farm, 14 Apr., 14; St. Paul, Minn.,
July 5, 1932, Donald Denning; St. Paul, Minn., July 13, 1934, at light, A. A.
17—2181
258 Tue UNIvErRsITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Granovsky; St. Paul, Minn., July 26, 1927, Carl T. Schmidt; St. Paul, Minn.,
University Farm, August 23, 1926, C. T. Schmidt; St. Paul, Minn., University
Farm, July 1, 2, and 5, 1937, at light, A. A. Granovsky; St. Paul, Minn., Aug.
24, 1934, A. A. Granovsky, U. Farm; St. Paul, Minn., July 14, 20, 23, and 26,
Aug. 5 and 11, and Sept. 15, 1935, U. Farm light trap, A. A. Granovsky; St.
Paul, Minn., U. Farm lights, July 23, 1934, Sam Kepperley; St. Paul, Minn.,
U. Farm lights, July 25, 1921, Wm. E. Hoffman; St. Paul, Minnesota, July 1,
1937, Golf course light trap, A. A. Granovsky; St. Paul, Minnesota, July 11,
1936, U. Golf course light trap, A. A. Granovsky; Albert Lea, Minn., July 10,
1923, at light, P. L. Keene; Frontenac, Minn., May 29, 1930, Wm. C. Stahr;
Redwing, Minn., July 15, 1935, A. B. Gurney; Red Wing, Minn., May 16, 1936,
O. Elster; Browns Valley, Minn., Aug. 3, 1935, R. H. Daggy; Crookston, Minn.,
July 9 and Aug. 2, 1935, Light trap, D. G. Denning; Taylors Falls, Minn.,
Apr. 19, 1935, R. W. Salt; Goodhue Co., Minn., Oct. 10, 1934, Horace O. Lund;
Walker, Minn., May 30, 1934, D. Denning; Cass Co., Minn., O. W. Oestlund;
9-mile Creek, Minn., May 2, 1936, A. B. Gurney; Waldo, Minn., Aug., 1906,
Witmer Stone.
Illinois:
Ill., N. Ill., Moline, Illinois; Chicago, Ill., Chittenden Collector; Cook Co.,
Ill., Aug., Blackwelder; Havana, Ill., VIII.14.07; Lake Forest, Ill., U. S. A.,
6-VIII-1906, J. G. N.; Waukegan, IIl., Aug. 26, 717; Beach, IIl., lake shore,
Aug. 24, 06; Normal, Ill., Apr. 3, 1883; Mt. Pulaski, Ill., June 6, 1885; Urbana,
Ill., May 30, 1885; Chicago, Ill., IV:9:05 and VI:1, Col. by W. J. Gerhard.
Towa:
Ta.; Iowa, Wickham; Iowa City, III-20-98, III-25-98, IV-17-98, and IV-28-
98, Wickham; Iowa Cy., Iowa, IV-20-1914, Wickham; Iowa City, Ia., IV.9.
1895 and IV.23.1895; Iowa City, Iowa, IV.14 and IV.16, Wickham; Iowa City,
Iowa, V-16-’13, Stoner; Iowa City, Ia., Sept. 3-717, L. L. B.; Sioux City, Ia.,
29/4 and 8/%; Ames, Iowa, VIII, 1912, Stoner; Ames, Iowa, July 18, 1916,
Collector L. S. Wells; Lake Okoboji, Ia., June 20, 1917, June 23, 1917, June
26, 1917, June 29, 1917, July 10, 1917, and VII-1-’16, L. L. Buchanan; Musca-
tine, Ia., 4-21-19, F. M. Wadley Collector; Spirit L., Ia., J. H. B.; Guttnbrg.,
Ta., 18/9/93; Masonville, Ia., F. C. W.; Milford, Ia., VII.14.26, Satterthwait
Collector, reared from Scirpus validus; Dickinson Co., Iowa, VII, 9-13, 1920;
Palo Alto Co., Ia., Bufo 1946 (7-16-07, A. G. Ruthven); Palo Alto Co., Ia.,
Bufo 1962 (7-5-07, A. G. Ruthven).
Nebraska:
Kenosha, Nebraska.
Kansas:
Kan.; Topeka, Kan., Jul. 17, Popenoe; Riley Co., Ks., Jun. 28, Popenoe;
Douglas Co., Kan., 900 ft., L. L. Dyche.
Dakota:
Dak.
North Dakota:
Devil’s Lake, N. Dak., June 6-7, Wickham.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 259
Montana:
Poplar, Mont., July 13, 1922, C. C. Sperry Collector, Electric light; Kalispell,
Mont., M. P.S.
California:
S. Francisco, Cal.
CANADA
Ontario:
Toronto, Can.; Hamilton, Canada; Port Credit, Ont., XI.9; E. Ont.; Pt.
Pelee, Ont., 5. V1I.1929, L. J. Milne.
Manitoba:
Aweme, Man., IV.20’s, 28.V.08, VII.23, and 12.V.06, Criddle; Aweme,
Man., Can., VI.20.10, N. Criddle Collector; Aweme, Manitoba, 1.V1I.08,
10. V1.08, 6. VII.1920, and VII.27.11, E. Criddle; Aweme, Man., 13. V.1916,
28.V1I.1921, VII.10.1914, and 30. VIII.1917, N. Criddle; Onah, Man., 30.IV.
1928, R. M. White; Stoney Mountain, Man., 8.VI.12, J. B. Wallis.
Saskatchewan:
Redvers, Sask., VII-28-08; Regina, 20.VI.07; Carnduff, N. W. T. Can.,
VI.16-05; Turnsden, (Sask.?) 28 May 06; Abernethy, N. W. T. Can., VI.
28.05; Saskatoon, Sask., 12. VII.1925, Kenneth M. King.
Bristish Columbia:
Terrace, B. C., Mrs. M. E. Hippisley; Westbank, B. C., IV-23-1925 and
VI-7-26, R. Hopping.
LIastronotus tuberosus LeConte 1876
(Plate XXXI, fig. 4; Plate XXXVII, fig. 2)
1876. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 130.
1885. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Townsend, Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 72.
1890. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Beutenmiiller, Can. Ent., Vol. XXII, p. 200.
1893. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Beutenmiiller, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. I, p. 40.
1903. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Ulke, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, p. 33.
1910. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1916. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North East-
ern America, p. 154.
1920. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Britton, Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull.
81, p. 283.
1920. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 316.
1928. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Leng, Cornell Univ. Agri. Exp. Sta., Memoir 101,
p. 495.
1931. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 13.
1937. Listronotus tuberosus LeConte. Bleasdell, Iowa St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI, No. 4,
p. 415.
OrIGINAL Description. “Black, densely clothed with yellowish-
brown rounded scales, which become larger on the prothorax, and
hairlike upon the head. Beak as long as the prothorax, stout,
cylindrical, carina and grooves obsolete, frontal fovea feeble.
Prothorax as wide as long, sides nearly parallel, suddenly rounded
260 Tue Untversiry ScieNcE BULLETIN
and narrowed near the tip, indistinctly trivittate with pale and
sprinkled with large, distinct black dots. Scutellum pale. Elytra
at base broadly emarginate, humeri oblique, so that they become
one-third wider than the prothorax, sides gradually narrowed be-
hind the widest part; posterior callus large, conical, prominent;
striae punctured, interspaces wide nearly flat; scales uniform in
color, very dense, setae very short. Beneath of the same color as
above, hind thighs with a pale band. Length, 7 mm.; .28 inch.
“Male. First ventral segment flattened at base, anal segment
protuberant beyond the fifth ventral and visible from beneath;
elytra rounded at tip.
“Female. Last ventral segment feebly impressed near the tip,
each elytron prolonged at tip into a long, straight process.
“Michigan to Georgia. Easily known by the absence of the
carina and grooves of the beak, which are so obvious in the two
preceding species [L. obliquus LeConte and L. sordidus (Gyl-
lenhal) ].”
AppITIONAL Descriprion. Length, 5.5 to 9 mm. The scales are
often of a bright coppery tinge. There is a narrow median vitta of
brighter scales on the prothorax, and there is a wider sinuate vitta
of similar scales on each side of the disk. Beak about equal in
length to the prothorax, rather strongly curved; upper surface
usually rounded and with no indication of median carina except at
extreme tip; occasional specimens with faint median carina and
shallow lateral grooves. Frontal fovea usually quite deep instead
of feeble as indicated in the original description. Prothorax wider
than long. The large, black dots mentioned by LeConte are larger
punctures which bear elongate, prominent setae instead of the
flattened scales which cover the other punctures of the prothorax.
Striae of elytra very slightly impressed, punctures rather deep, very
narrow and elongate, each bearing a tiny seta; intervals nearly flat,
but elytra usually rather rough and uneven due to the presence of
low, irregular, transverse wrinkles; each interval with a row of
short, rather distant setae. Male with tips of elytra conjointly
rounded; third and fourth abdominal sterna with a median longi-
tudinal concavity; seventh abdominal sternum with three very
slight concavities, one median and longitudinal, the other two lateral,
confined to the posterior half of the sclerite. Female with tips of
elytra prolonged into long cylindrical processes which may be either
parallel or convergent; third abdominal sternum feebly concave at
middle; seventh abdominal sternum with a median convexity.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 261
Norrs on Types. The type of this species has been examined in
the LeConte collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Harvard College. The first specimen in the series, and the only
one bearing a type label, bears the orange disk, indicating “‘south-
ern states,” and is probably from Georgia. It is a male and is
covered with an incrustation of dirt. The second and third speci-
mens in the series are a female and a male, both good, clean speci-
mens, but bearing no other label than one indicating their sex. The
fourth specimen is a female of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal) and bears
only the number 1390.
REMARKS AND CoMPARATIVE Nores. Very closely related to L.
sordidus (Gyllenhal). For a detailed discussion of the differences
see the section of this same heading under that species.
Brotoaicat Nores. The food plant of this species is Sagittaria.
It was bred from Sagittaria by Criddle at Treesbank, Manitoba. It
was reared from Sagittaria at Woodbury, N. J., by Satterthwait and
was determined by him as L. sordidus (Gyllenhal) and recorded as
such under his Webster Groves No. 26558. A specimen taken at
Stoughton, Mass., by Mrs. D. H. Blake bears the following nota-
tion: “Found near Sagittaria latifolia whose root stocks were
heavily infested by some insect.” Beutenmiiller (1890 and 1893)
says that F. M. Chittenden found L. tuberosus LeConte, along with
L. caudatus (Say )and L. appendiculatus (Boheman) while sweep-
ing vegetation composed of Sagittaria and Carex. Mr. C. A. Frost
has taken the species at Northboro, Mass., by sweeping vegetation
along a river. Townsend (1885) records quite a number as having
been taken along with L. callosus LeConte, L. frontalis LeConte,
and L. nebulosus LeConte under old railroad ties lying on the ground
and under pieces of wood in dry places during the early part of
April. Blatchley and Leng (1916) say that it has been taken from
the margins of ponds and along the beach of Lake Michigan, and
that it usually occurs on sandy and muddy ground near water; also
that it is often taken by sweeping aquatic plants such as Sagittaria
and Carex. The species is sometimes taken at light.
Data on Distrrisution. The original description gives the dis-
tribution as Michigan to Georgia. Blatchley and Leng (1916) add
the territory northward into Quebec. We now know that it occurs
as far west as Manitoba and North Dakota, and southward through
Iowa, Missouri, and Oklahoma, into Texas. Specimens have been
examined from the following localities:
262 Tue UNIversITy ScriENCE BULLETIN
UNITED STATES
Maine:
Monmouth, Me., VII-15-16, C. A. Frost.
New Hampshire:
Plymouth, N. H., VI-29-1926 and VII-20-1930, Darlington.
Massachusetts:
Mass.; Low., Mass.; Chicopee, Mass., June 11.93, June 14.98. May 31.95,
and June 9.96; Camb., 4.74; Stoughton, Mass., IX-28-30, Mrs. D. H. Blake;
Agawam, Mass; Framingham, Mass., V-2-11, C. A. Frost; Northboro, Mass.,
IX-7-35, C. A. Frost, Sweeping by river; Holyoke, Mass., D. Dimmock; Lowell,
Mass., F. Blanchard; Dorchester, Mass., Apr. 30 and June 30, 1905; Tyngsboro,
Ms., 6-16-21; Brookline, Mass.; Tyngs., Mass.; Arlington, Mass., ITI.6.24.
Connecticut:
Cornwall, Conn., VII-22-1924, C. A. Frost.
New York:
N. Y.; New York City and vicinity; Buffalo, N. Y.; Ithaca, N. Y., 7/9, 8/4,
7/6, and July 6/84, Chittenden Collector; Ithaca, N. Y., June 14, 95 and July
19, 94; Van ©; Pk Ni YouN-? -Y.;) Ithaca, N. Ye July 115-16; a Dietnch;
Collector.
New Jersey:
N. J.; Arlington, N. J., III.17 and IV-10; No. Arlington, N. J., I-26 and
XI-7; Woodbury, N. J., 30.7; Woodbury, N. J., VI.19.26, Sagittaria, Webster
Grvs. No. 26558, Satterthwaite Collector; Milburn, N. J.; Orange, N. J.; Slt.
Mdows., N. J.; Riverdale, N. J., 27-V-1923, Quirsfeld.
Pennsylvania:
Frankford, Pa., VI.21, A. Schmidt Collector; Phila. Neck, Pa., VI.24, H. A.
Wenzel Collector; Greentown, Pa., 21-VII-1926, Quirsfeld.
District of Columbia:
Washgtn., D. C., IV; Washngtn., D. C., My.III, Coll. Chittenden; Wash-
ington, D. C., VI-22.’23, J. R. Greeley Coll., at light.
Virginia:
Glencarlyn, Va., 11-VI-14, F. Knab.
Indiana:
Laporte Co., Ind., 6-9-’02, W. 8S. B.
Illinois:
Chicago, Ill.; Urbana, Ill., VII:19:07, at light, Hart S. Hood; Rock Island,
Ill., June 24, 1931, Coll. Mohr; Normal, IIl., 7-14-82; Springfield, Ill., June 24,
1885, Coll. Hart, Electric Lights.
Michigan:
Mich.; Marquette, Mich.; Port Huron, Mich., June; 8. Haven, Mich.,
6-1-91; Saginaw Co., Mich., VII, 17, 1910, A. W. Andrews; Floodwood, Mich.,
July 18, 1915, A. W. Andrews; Alger Co., Mich., Aug. 2, 1916, A. W. Andrews;
Cheboygan Co., Mich., Douglas Lake, VII.23.1917, M. H. Hatch; Washtenaw
Co., Mich., VI-17-1921, M. H. Hatch; Cheboygan, Mich., Bufo 2075 (Douglas
Lake, June 26, 1915, W. A. Wood).
Wisconsin:
Wis.; Cranmoor, Wis., IIT.18.10, C. W. Hooker Collector.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 263
Minnesota:
Plummer, Minn., June 6, 1933, D. Denning; St. Anth. Park, Minn., 5.9.90;
Olmsted Co., Minn., C. N. Ainslie; Crookston, Minn., July 9, 1935, Light Trap,
D. G. Denning.
Towa:
Sioux City, Ia., 29/4; Ames, Iowa, VI-’13, D. Stoner.
North Dakota:
Larimore, N. D., Bufo 1810 (June 22-30, 1915, R. Kellogg); Rugby, N. D.,
1918, C. N. Ainslie Collector.
Missouri:
Ferguson, Mo., IV.18.23, H. E. Roberts Collector.
Oklahoma:
Page, Okla., June 23, 1937, Standish-Kaiser.
Texas:
Tex.
CANADA
Quebec:
Kazubazua, Que., 18-VIII-’31, W. J. Brown; Berthierville, P. Q., V-30-21 and
VI-10-21.
Ontario:
Toronto, Ont.; Toronto, Can., VII-10, R. J. Crew.
Manitoba:
Treesbank, Man., 16.1X.1925, N. Criddle, Bred from Sagittaria; Aweme,
Man., 13. VIII.1922, E. Criddle.
Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal) 1834
(Plate XX XIII, fig. 5; Plate XXXVI, fig. 9)
1834. Listroderes sordidus Gyllenhal, in Schoénherr, Genera et Species Curculionidum, II,
1, p. 280.
1834. Listroderes distinguendus Gyllenhal, in Schénherr, Genera et Species Curculionidum,
Dil pse2 Sil.
1842. Listroderes sordidus Dejean. Boheman, in Schoénherr, Genera et Species Curculioni-
dum, VI, 2, p. 192.
1842. Listroderes distinguendus Dejean. Boheman, in Schénherr, Genera et Species Cur-
culionidum, VI, 2, p. 192.
1853. Listroderes sordidus Schénherr. Melsheimer, Catalogue of the described Coleoptera
of the United States, p. 95.
1853. Listroderes distinguendus Schonherr. Melsheimer, Catalogue of the described
Coleoptera of the United States, p. 95.
1871. Listroderes sordidus Gyllenhal. Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleopterorum,
VIII, p. 2360.
1871. Listroderes distinguendus Gyllenhal. Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleop-
terorum, VIII, p. 2360.
1873. Listroderes sordidus Gyllenhal. Crotch, Check List of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 118.
1873. Ljstroderes distinguendus Gyllenhal. Crotch, Check list of the Coleoptera of
America, North of Mexico, p. 118.
1876. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 129.
1876. Listronotus distinguendus (Gyllenhal). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soe., XV, p. 129.
(Discussed as synonym of L. sordidus Gyllenhal.)
1876. Listronotus obliquus LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 129.
1889. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Kilman, Can. Ent., XXI, p. 136.
1903. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Knaus, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., XVIII, p. 189.
264 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
1910. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1911. Listronotus obliquus LeConte. Mitchell and Pierce, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XIII,
p. 50.
1916. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 155.
1920. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 316.
1920. Listronotus distinguendus (Gyllenhal). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of
America, North of Mexico, p. 316. (Listed as a possible synonym of L. sordidus.)
1920. Listronotus obliquus LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 316.
1928. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Leng, A List of the Insects of New York, Cornell
Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta., Memoir 101, p. 495.
1928. Listronotus obliquus LeConte. Leng, A List of the Insects of New York, Cornell
Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta., Memoir 101, p. 495.
1928. Listronotus inaequalipennis Blatchley, nec Boheman. Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
XXXVI, p. 241.
1931. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleop-
terorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
1931. Listronotus distinguendus Gyllenhal. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleop-
terorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12. (Listed as synonym of L.
sordidus Gyllenhall.)
1931. Listronotus obliquus LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Colepterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
1937. Listronotus sordidus (Gyllenhal). Bleasdell, Ia. St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI, No. 4,
p. 415.
ORIGINAL Description. ‘Niger, opacus, dense cinereo-squamosus
et fusco-sub-setosus, antennis tarsisque piceis, rostro crassiusculo,
carinato, elytris subremote punctato-striatis, punctis aequalibus, in-
terstitiis convexis.
“Hypera sordida. Dom. Com. Dejean in Litteris.
“Habitat in America boreali. Dom. Com. Dejean. Mus. Schh.
“Statura Erith. bimaculati, sed duplo minor. Caput convexum,
confertim punctatum, nigrum, squamulis minutis cinereis adsper-
sum; oculi laterales, oblongi, brunnei, parum prominuli; rostrum
longitudine fere capitis cum thorace, validum, parum arcuatum, con-
fertim punctatum, in medio carinatum, nigrum, cinereo-squamu-
losum. Antennae longiusculae, ferrugineo-piceae, pilosae, clava
acuminata. Thorax latitudine brevior, antice late et profunde emar-
ginatus, lobis ocularibus productis, rotundatis; longe intra apicem
constrictus, lateribus rotundato-ampliatus, base bi-sinuatus, supra
convexus, pulvinatus, confertim punctatus; niger, squamis majuscu-
lis, rotundatis, depressis, cinereo-albidis tectus, setisque minutis con-
coloribus adspersus. Scutellum rotundatum, nigrum, squamosum.
Elytra antice sub-truncata, thoracis basi multo latiora, pone basin
oblique ampliata, humeris elevatis; dein posterius attenuata, apice
conjunctim rotundata, thorace quadruplo longiora, supra convexa,
sat profunde striata, striis remote punctatis, punctis aequalibus; in-
terstitiis convexis; nigra, squamulis denis cinereis tecta setulisque
fuscus adspersa, praesertim posterius; squamulis detritis interstitia
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 265
laevia, nitida; intra apicem singuli elytri callus elevatus observatur.
Pygidium obtusum, dense cinereo-squamosum. Corpus subtus nig-
rum, magis nitidum, profunde punctatum, cinereo-squamosum.
Pedes longiusculi, valida, nigri, femoribus clavatis, punctatis, cin-
cereo-squamosis, tibiis arcuatis, scabris, tarsis dilatatis piceis, subtus
albido-spongiosis. —Ghl.”
ADDITIONAL Description. Length, 6.5 to 10.5mm. Elongate-
oblong. Body black, elytra often partly or entirely piceous. Rather
thickly clothed with scales which vary a great deal in color, rang-
ing from light brown to dark brown, sometimes cupreous: Prothorax
with narrow median and wider lateral vittae of paler scales. Hum-
erus often with small spot of light scales continued from prothoracic
vitta. There is an oblique dark mark centering on the fourth elytral
interval at the anterior third, sometimes present only on that inter-
val, other times longer and extending in some cases to include the
second and sixth intervals. When this dark line is fully developed
it extends posteriorly and toward the suture, reaching a little past
the middle of the elytron; it extends anteriorly toward the humerus.
The oblique line is often more strongly developed on the lighter
specimens, and on some very dark individuals may not be at all
evident. There is a tendency for the scales between the oblique lines
to be of a slightly darker color. Beak moderately stout, slightly
longer than the prothorax. Upper surface with a distinct sharp
median carina, lateral carinae usually moderately developed, not
sharp. Antennae slender, second segment of funicle twice as long
as first, third distinctly longer than fourth. Head slightly convex,
densely, moderately punctate, the punctures bearing short, slender
scales; frontal fovea usually deep and elongate. Prothorax wider
than long, ocular lobes moderately developed; sides nearly parallel
for three-fourths their length, then strongly rounded to apex; base
slightly arcuate; disk quite densely punctate with moderately large,
- but very shallow punctures. Scutellum elongate, covered with slen-
der scales. Hlytra emarginate at base; humeri oblique; slides
slightly narrowed to apical fourth, then strongly rounded to apex;
striae fine, slightly impressed, the punctures very small, elongate,
each bearing a tiny seta; intervals sometimes almost flat, usually
slightly convex, especially the odd ones; intervals each with a row of
distant punctures bearing setae which are more evident on the de-
clivity; third and fifth intervals with punctures confused instead of
in a single row; posterior calli prominent. Ventral surface with sides
of all the sterna, except seventh abdominal, rather thickly clothed
266 THE UNIVERSITY ScrENCE BULLETIN
with large, round scales; middle of third and fourth abdominal
sterna clothed with round scales; middle of fifth and sixth ab-
dominal sterna and all of the seventh clothed only with elongate
scales or setae. Male with tips of elytra conjointly rounded or very
slightly subacuminate; third abdominal sternum concave at middle.
Female with tip of each elytron prolonged into a short conical proc-
ess; third abdominal sternum convex; seventh abdominal sternum
with a slight depression in each posterior corner and with a short,
rather deep median groove at the posterior part of the sclerite.
Notes oN SyNonyMy. LeConte (1876) discusses L. distingwendus
(Gyllenhal) as a synonym of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal), stating that
it “seems to differ from the type only by smaller size and slightly
irregular elytral puncturing; similar variations occur in other spe-
cles.”
L. obliquus LeConte has also been found to be a synonym of L.
sordidus (Gyllenhal). In his description of the species LeConte
gives no distinguishing features by which it may be separated from
L. sordidus (Gyllenhal). Specimens from Texas, Louisiana, Ala-
bama, and Florida have been found which agree with the types of
L. obliquus LeConte which are from Texas. Occasional larger speci-
mens from the northern states also compare with the types of L.
obliquus LeConte. These specimens are somewhat larger than most
of the northern individuals. The larger northern specimens and
most of those from the south usually tend to be a little lighter in
color. They may have the beak a little more distinctly carinate and
suleate and the frontal fovea a little deeper and more elongate.
There is also a tendency for the alternate intervals of the elytra to
be more strongly convex in the larger southern specimens. None of
these characters is constant, however, and a careful examination of
rather long series has indicated that the northern and southern
specimens belong to the same species. Individuals can be picked
out which are very different in size and seem to differ considerably
even in regard to morphological characters. By studying additional
material the variation within the species soon fills in a multitude of
intermediate forms between the two extremes which had been
segregated. L. distinguendus (Gyllenhal) and L. obliquus LeConte,
the two synonyms of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal), have been erected on
individuals representing the extremes of variation found within the
species.
Notes on Types. JL. sordidus (Gyllenhal) and L. distinguendus
(Gyllenhal) are the only names proposed in this genus for which
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 267
type material of some sort has not been studied, with the exception
of the two species described by Say, the types of which have been
lost or destroyed. Horn and Kahle (1935) state that the Gyllenhal
Collection is deposited in the museum at Uppsala, Sweden. The
types of L. obliquus LeConte are in the LeConte Collection in the
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Harvard College. There are
two specimens, both females, which bear the locality label, “Tex.”
REMARKS AND ComPaARATIVE Notes. JL. sordidus (Gyllenhal) is
very closely related to L. tuberosus LeConte and sometimes, es-
pecially in the case of males, the two species are very difficult to
separate on external characters. The males can be readily separated
by the different shape of the apex of the median lobe of the genitalia,
and the females can be separated by the shape of the eighth ab-
dominal sternum. The females of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal) may be
distinguished by the shorter and usually stouter appendages of the
elytra and by the less convex seventh abdominal sternum. The
beak of L. sordidus (Gyllenhal) is usually more strongly carinate
and suleate, while in L. tuberosus LeConte the beak is usually
smooth, with the median carina faint or absent, and the lateral
grooves obsolete. In L. sordidus (Gyllenhal) the elytra are smooth,
or have the alternate intervals more convex. In L. tuberosus Le-
Conte the intervals are of about equal convexity, but the elytra are
roughened by transverse wrinkles. The anterior margin of the
elytra of L. tuberosus LeConte is somewhat reflexed, while in L.
sordidus (Gyllenhal) it is more rounded.
BrotocicaL Notrs. Nothing is known of the life history or food
plant of this species. It is reported to have been taken in a cotton
field at Cameron, La., on September 10, 1904, by Wm. Laurents.
Since no other records are known of its occurrence on cotton it
probably has no connection with this plant, but was merely a
chance visitor in the field when it was captured. A specimen was
taken on Sagittaria by H. P. Léding, at Mobile, Ala., on June 29,
1920. It has been taken at light in Louisiana. It was found in the
stomach of Bufo valliceps at New Orleans, La.
Dara on Distripution. JL. sordidus (Gyllenhal) and L. dis-
tinguendus (Gyllenhal) were both described from boreal America.
LeConte (1876) gives the range as Massachusetts to Georgia.
Blatchley and Leng (1916) list “Ontario and New England to Lake
Superior, south to Georgia and Texas.” Quebec is added to the
Canadian localities. In the United States it has been found to
extend south into Florida and as far west as Colorado. The records
of distribution of the specimens examined are as follows:
268 THe UNIversITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
UNITED STATES
Massachusetts:
Mass.; Chicopee, Mass.; Chicopee, M., June 20, 95; Chicopee, M., Apr.12.
95.; Dorchester, Mass., July 12-15, 09; Tyngsboro, Ms., 1.21.08; Tyngs., 4/17-
87; Wayland, Mass., 7-VI-1931, Quirsfeld.
Connecticut:
New Haven, Ct., 9 July, 1912, At Light.
New York:
Ney,
New Jersey:
N. J.; Slt. Mdows., N. J., II[.20 and IV.9; Arlington, N. J.; No. Arlington,
N. J., I-26; Milburn, N. J.; Blmfield., N. J.
Pennsylvania:
Frankford, Pa., VI.21, A. Schmidt Collector.
North Carolina:
N.C.
Florida:
Kissimmee Fla.; Tamiami Trail, Fla.; Sanford, Fla., 6.8.’29; Homestead
Fla., June, 1929, Darlington.
Alabama:
Mobile Co., Ala., H. P. Loding; Mobile, Ala., VI-29-20, H. P. Loding,
Sagittaria; Mobile, Ala., VI.11.27, Darlington; Mobile, Ala., VII-1-21, H. P.
Loding; Magazine Pt., Ala., VIII.16-25, H. P. Loding; Whistler, Ala., H. P.
Loding.
Lowsiana:
La.; Gueydan, La., May 24, May 28, May 29, May 30, June 4, June 13,
June 15, June 16, June 20, June 25, June 26, June 28, July 5, July 11, July 21,
July 28, Aug. 3, Aug. 5, Aug. 7, Aug. 16, and Sept. 14, 1925, E. Kalmbach, at
light; Gueydan, La., VI, 15-16, ’25, EH. Kalmbach, At Light; Lafayette, La.,
Sept., 04; New Orleans, La., 26.91 and 6.7.95; N. Orleans, La., 26/3; Abbeville,
La., 16.V.25, J. O. LeBlanc; Cameron, La., Set. 10, 1904, Wm. Laurents.
Kentucky:
Kentucky, Sanborn.
Indiana:
Ind.; Laporte Co., Ind., 9-15-93 and 6-19-’01, W. S. B.; Porter Co., Ind.,
6-19-02, W.S. B.; Millers, Ind., VII.19.13.
Illinois:
N. Ill.; Chicago, Ill., 3/9; Cook Co., Ill., Aug., Blackwelder; Cook Co., IIL,
Col. & pres. by E. B. Chope.
Michigan:
Mich.; Marquette Co., Mich., July 13, 1920, A. W. Andrews; Washtenaw
Co., Mich., VI-17-1921, M. H. Hatch.
Wisconsin:
Wis.
Minnesota:
Minn.; St. Paul, Minn., Elks Golf Ponds, June 20, 1921, W. E. Hoffman;
Chicago Co., Minn., O. W. Oestlund.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 269
Towa:
Ia.; Iowa; Iowa City, IV.29.00, Wickham; Iowa City, Iowa, IV.16; Sioux
City, Ia., 20/4.
Missouri:
St. L., Mo.
Arkansas:
Hope, Ark., 6-23-23.
Texas:
Tex.; College Station, Tex., June 30, 1931, and Aug. 8, 1931, H. J. Reinhard.
Colorado:
Col.
CANADA
Quebec:
Berthier, P. Q., VI-9-21.
Listronotus manifestus new species
(Plate XXXV, fig. 4; Plate XXXVI, fig. 8)
Length, 7 to 9mm. Elongate-oblong. Body black. Densely
covered with imbricated scales which are dark brown, light brown,
and fulvous, sometimes with a cupreous or brassy tinge. Color pat-
tern usually not definitely marked, but may be sharply defined in
some individuals. In these cases the first three and last three in-
tervals of the elytra and most of the prothorax are covered with
dark-brown scales. On the disk of the prothorax there is a narrow
median vitta and wider, irregular, lateral vittae of fulvous scales.
On the elytra there is a longitudinal band of these light scales on the
fourth to the eighth intervals and extending posteriorly to the tips
of the elytra, crossing the last three intervals there. This light band
is interrupted by the dark-brown scales for a short distance on the
fourth interval just a little in front of the middle and on the seventh
and eighth intervals just behind the middle. Beak slightly longer
than prothorax, rather stout, strongly curved; median carina fine and
sharp, sides of beak rounded, smooth, lateral grooves and sulci not
at all indicated; upper surface densely and finely punctate, thickly
covered with small, rounded scales. Head flattened between the eyes,
very densely and finely punctate; upper part with narrow scales;
rounded scales between the eyes, becoming larger on the frontal
fovea, which is deep. Antennae moderately slender; second segment
of funicle one-half longer than first, third segment elongate, longer
than fourth. Prothorax one-fifth to one-fourth wider than long;
ocular lobes much larger than in any of the other species of this
group, enlarged and produced ventrally to form a ridge in front of
each anterior coxa and causing the prosternum to have the appear-
270 Tue UNIvEersITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
ance of being deeply emarginate in front; prosternum sulcate at
middle; sides of prothorax nearly straight, converging from base to
apex; disk finely, densely, deeply, and cribrately punctate, thickly
clothed with imbricated scales which are slightly larger than those
of the elytra; only a very few open punctures on the disk bearing
short inconspicuous setae. Scutellum elongate, thickly covered with
tiny light-colored scales. Elytra elongate; moderately and angularly
emarginate at base; humeri oblique; an angulate prominence just
behind the humeri; sides gradually narrowed to apical fourth then
strongly converging to the conjointly rounded apices; striae slightly
impressed, finely punctate; intervals slightly convex; setae very
small, not at all prominent; posterior calli obsolete. Ventral sur-
face finely and densely punctate; everywhere thickly clothed with
rounded scales except seventh (fifth visible) abdominal sternum
where the punctures bear setae instead of scales. Legs moderately
stout, squamose and setose; femora with a preapical band of light
scales; tibiae with apical mucrones short and stout; front and middle
tibiae with a row of minute acute teeth along their inner margins.
Male with third (first visible) abdominal sternum broadly and
deeply concave at middle; seventh (fifth visible) abdominal sternum
slightly convex. Female with basal part of third (first visible)
abdominal sternum convex, median posterior part slightly concave;
seventh (fifth visible) sternum unmodified; seventh tergum deeply
emarginate at apex.
Notes on Types. Holotype male, “Gregory, Tex., June 8, ’04,
at light.” Allotype female, ‘Victoria, Tex., 7-16-16, J. D. Mitchell
collector, at light.” Six paratypes as follows: 1 male, ‘Victoria,
Tex., 8-5-16, J. D. Mitchell collector, at light”; 1 male, “Victoria,
Tex., 7-25-16, J. D. Mitchell collector, at light, Hunter No. 3749”;
1 male, “Kingsville, Texas, C. T. Reed”; 1 male, “Hidalgo Co.,
Tex., 5-19-1930, J. C. Gaines collector, Tex. Exp. Sta. Light Trap”;
1 male, 1 female, ‘“Brownsv’le., Tex., VI, 11-16, ’33, Darlington.”
Holotype and allotype in the United States National Museum.
Paratypes in the United States National Museum, the Museum of
Comparative Zodlogy at Harvard College, and the Francis Hunting-
ton Snow Entomological Collections at the University of Kansas.
REMARKS AND CoMPARATIVE Notes. This species is rather dis-
tinct, but is probably most closely related to L. sordidus (Gyllenhal).
It may be readily distinguished by the very large ocular lobes, the
anteriorly converging sides of the prothorax, and the light band on
the sides of the disk of the elytra. It may be separated from L.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS Aa |
sordidus (Gyllenhal) by the smoother sculpturing of the beak, by
the obsolete posterior calli of the elytra, and the absence of the
elevated alternate intervals.
BriotocicaL Notes. Taken at light.
Data on DistRIBUTION. Known only from Texas.
Listronotus rotundicollis LeConte 1876
(Plate XXXIV, fig. 3; Plate XXXVII, fig. 5)
1876. Listronotus rotundicollis LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 132.
1876. Listronotus cribricollis LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 134.
1907. Listronotus setosus Pierce, nec LeConte. Pierce, Neb. St. Bd. Agri., Rept. Zodlogy,
roy VATE
1911. Lastronotus rotundicollis LeConte. Mitchell and Pierce, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Vol. XIII, p. 50.
1916. Listronotus rotundicollis LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 157.
1916. Listronotus cribricollis LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North East-
ern America, p. 163.
1920. Listronotus rotundicollis LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 316.
1920. Listronotus cribricollis LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1931. Listronotus cribricollis LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1935. Listronotus (?rotundicollis LeConte). Jones, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. XX XVII,
p. 151.
ORIGINAL Description. “Blackish, covered with the usual scales,
of a dirty-brown; beak feebly carinate, lateral grooves almost ob-
solete; frontal fovea distinct. Prothorax as wide as long, sides
strongly rounded, clothed with paler scales; surface coarsely and
densely punctured; an indistinct paler dorsal stripe may also be
traced. Elytra with deep punctured striae, and convex interspaces;
posterior callus obsolete. Length, 7.5 mm.; .30 inch.
“Female. Last ventral with a large shallow rounded impression;
elytra conjointly rounded at tip. Male wanting.
“One female, Georgia. Quite distinct by the more rounded pro-
thorax. The funiculus of the antennae is as slender as in any of
the preceding species; the setae of the elytra are rather more con-
spicuous.”’
ADDITIONAL Description. Length, 5.5 to 8mm. Beak slender,
slightly curved, about same length as prothorax; covered with
rounded scales until a short distance behind insertion of antennae,
shining and with only a few short slender setae from that point to
apex; median carina fine, but distinct, partly covered by scales so
that it does not appear to be quite as prominent in fresh specimens
as in those with part or all of the scales rubbed off; coarsely and
rugosely punctate, the punctures covered by the scales so that fresh
272 Tue UnNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
specimens appear smooth; lateral sulci faint, also obliterated by
scaly covering. Head convex, lower part very densely covered with
scales, upper part clothed with setae; frontal fovea deep. Antennae
slender, second segment of funicle not quite twice as long as first,
third segment elongate, longer than fourth, and nearly as long as
first. Prothorax one-fifth wider than long; ocular lobes prominent;
sides strongly rounded; disk convex, densely and coarsely punctate;
scales on disk noticeably larger than those of elytra and distinctly
striated, not imbricated; a narrow median and indistinct oblique
lateral vitta of paler scales; a number of rather long, slender, semi-
erect setae arising from larger open punctures. Elytra elongate-
oblong, about three times as long as prothorax; base rather deeply
emarginate, humeri oblique; sides nearly parallel for two-thirds of
their length, then narrowed to the conjointly rounded apices; striae
deeply impressed, their punctures small and closely placed; intervals
convex, thickly clothed with imbricated scales, each interval with a
single row of rather long, semierect, light-colored setae, which be-
come longer on the declivity. Male with third and fourth abdominal
sterna sparsely and moderately coarsely punctate, slightly impressed
at middle; seventh sternum sparsely and finely punctate, sometimes
with a very broad and feeble transverse impression toward the apex.
Female with third and fourth abdominal sterna moderately and
sparsely punctate, slightly convex at middle; seventh abdominal
sternum with a large, deep median impression, sometimes rounded,
sometimes slightly transverse, usually shining and sparsely punc-
tate; seventh tergum truncate at apex.
Norres on Synonymy. JL. cribricollis LeConte has been found to
be a synonym of L. rotundicollis LeConte. According to the original
descriptions about the only difference that can be expected in the
two is that of size. The structure of the seventh abdominal sternum
of the female is described in about the same way. An examination
of the types proves that these two species are the same. I do not
know why LeConte placed ZL. cribricollis LeConte among those
species having the third segment of the funicle globose and equal to
the fourth. It is in reality elongate and longer than the fourth
segment.
Norrs on Types. The types of both L. rotwndicollis LeConte and
L. cribricollis LeConte have been examined in the Museum of Com-
parative Zodlogy at Harvard College. Both types are females, and
bear the orange disk indicating the “southern states.” LeConte gives
Georgia as the place of collection of both of these specimens. The
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS Pile
type of L. rotundicollis LeConte has the disk of the prothorax some-
what rubbed. Beside the type in the LeConte Collection there is a
female of L. frontalis LeConte, without any label. Beside the type
of L. cribricolliis LeConte there are two additional specimens, the
first a male L. frontalis LeConte from ‘Alamosa, Colorado,” and the
second a specimen of L. oregonensis (LeConte).
BrotocicaL Norrs. Pierce (1907) records a species of Listronotus
on cotton at Victoria, Tex., the species having been determined by
him as L. setosus LeConte. A specimen upon which this record was
based, determined by Pierce as setosus, has been examined, and in
reality is L. rotundicollis LeConte. Mitchell and Pierce (1911) re-
cord the species as having been taken on cotton at Victoria, Tex.
Some of the specimens on which this record is based have been
examined. It was taken at Goliad, Tex., by C. R. Jones, on cotton.
L. rotundicollis LeConte was taken on spider lily by Mitchell in
Victoria, Tex., on March 20. The species is often taken at light.
Jones (1935) records a species which was questionably determined
as L. rotundicollis LeConte as having been taken in beach drift in
Virginia after a storm. One of the specimens taken, bearing the in-
formation, “Va. Beach, Va., 10/18/32, Walker, Jones, & Brannon,”
has been examined and definitely belongs to this species.
Data on DisrriputTion. This species has been recorded previ-
ously from Virginia, Georgia, and Louisiana. We now know that
the range extends as far north as Pennsylvania and southwest
through Kentucky, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Specimens
examined have been as follows:
Pennsylvania:
Phila. Neck, Pa., VI-24, H. A. Wenzel Collector.
Virginia:
Va.; Va. Beach, Va., 10/18/32, Walker, Jones, & Brannon.
Georgia:
Georgia.
Florida:
Archer, Fla., 3.82.
Lowisiana:
Gueydan, La., May 28, May 29, May 30, June 11, June 14, June 15, June
20, June 28, July 1, July 11, July 21, July 28, Aug. 3, Aug. 5, Aug. 7, and Aug.
16, 1925, E. Kalmbach, at light; Gueydan, La., Apr. 29, ’26, E. Kalmbach, at
light; Covington, La., 28/5.
Kentucky:
Kentucky, Sanborn.
Arkansas:
Hope, Arkansas, June 6, 1932, C. E. White collector.
18—2181
274. THe UNIversiry ScreENCcE BULLETIN
Oklahoma:
Okmulgee, I. T., Je.24, J. D. Mitchell Collector, at light; Oswalt, Okla.,
July 3, 1937, Standish-Kaiser.
Texas:
Dallas, Tx., 11 Je.06, A. J. Leister Collector; Gregory, Tex., June 8, 04, at
light; Victoria, Tex., 5.23.04, C. M. Walker Collector, on cotton; Victoria,
Tx., J. D. Mitchell Collector; Victoria, Tex., 23.3, E. A. Schwarz Collector;
Victoria, Tex., 9.9.04, F. H. Chittenden Coll., Victoria, Tex., 3-20-17, J. D.
Mitchell Collector, On spider lily; Victoria, Tex., 7-16-16 and IX-9-15, J. D.
Mitchell Collector, at light; Victoria, Tex., 16-12-10, J. D. Mitchell Collector,
in woods; Taft, Tex., 5/13/10; Goliad, Tx., 11 Aug. 06, C. R. Jones Collector,
on cotton; Corpus Chr., Tx., V.31.07, Spooner; Kingsville, Texas, C. T. Reed;
Lelita, Tex., 7.6.16, J. D. Mitchell Collector, at light; College Station, Tex.,
April 30, 1930, May 9, 1930, May 20, 1930, S. E. Jones Collector, Tex. Exp.
Sta. Light Trap; College Station, Tex., May 7, 1930, May 19, 1933, May 20,
1930, June 5, 1931, H. J. Reinhard Collector, Tex. Exp. Sta. Light Trap; El
Campo, Tex., 6-8-1923.
Listronotus distinctus new species
(Plate XXXIV, fig. 2; Plate XXXVI, fig. 2)
Length, 7.5 to 10mm. Oblong, robust. Body mostly black,
antennae and tarsi piceous. Rather thickly clothed with large
scales which are dark brown, light brown, or cinereous, indis-
criminately arranged on the elytra to form irregular mottlings;
scales of disk of prothorax larger than those on elytra, not im-
bricated, cinereous scales forming a very narrow median vitta and
a broader irregular vitta on each side of the disk; head and beak
thickly clothed with slender scales. Beak moderately stout, slightly
curved, a little more so in the female than in the male; about the
same length as the prothorax; tricarinate, the median carina dis-
tinct, sharp, smooth, the lateral carinae not as sharp and usually
not quite as prominent, punctate; lateral sulci rather deep on the
basal half of the beak; surface rough, densely, rugosely punctate.
Antennae rather slender; second segment of funicle nearly twice as
long as first; third segment elongate, longer than fourth, not quite
as long as first. Head slightly convex, densely and coarsely punctate;
frontal fovea rounded, distinct. Prothorax about one-fifth wider
than long in male, slightly more in female; ocular lobes well de-
veloped; sides strongly rounded, widest at middle; disk convex,
very densely, deeply, and moderately coarsely punctate; a great
many scattered larger punctures bearing elongate semierect setae.
Scutellum slightly elongate, thickly covered with short, fine, yellow-
ish setae. Elytra deeply rounded at base; anterior margin slightly
reflexed along first five intervals; humeri oblique; sides rounded
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS DAD
behind the humeri, then parallel for two-thirds the length, then
narrowed to the conjointly rounded tips; striae fine, impressed, the
punctures distinct, closely placed; intervals convex, each with a
row of slender semierect setae which become longer and more erect
on the declivity; elytra without transverse wrinkles; posterior calli
very feeble; first intervals raised and more prominent in the region
between the posterior calli, at the beginning of the declivity. Legs
moderately stout; apical half of femora with a covering of rounded
scales and slender setae, basal half with only short slender setae;
tibiae with a very few scattered small scales and many long, whitish
bristles; apical mucrones rather long. Male with third and fourth
(first and second visible) abdominal sterna impressed at middle;
all the abdominal sterna rather sparsely punctate, the punctures
not all the same size, with very long, slender setae arising from
the larger punctures; a few rounded scales along the sides of the
abdominal sterna, more numerous on the third and fourth; seventh
(last visible) sternum convex along the median half for its entire
length. Female with third and fourth (first and second visible)
abdominal sterna convex at middle; punctation and covering of
abdominal sterna much the same as in the male except that the
setae are not as long or as numerous and that there are more rounded
scales present, often extending entirely across the fourth (second
visible) abdominal sternum; seventh (last visible) sternum with a
large semicircular area across the middle of the basal half, which
is smooth and shining; a feeble impression across the entire width
of the seventh (last visible) sternum just before the apex which is
shghtly raised and has a semicircular apical emargination at the
middle; seventh tergum broadly and shallowly emarginate at apex.
Notes on Typrs. Holotype male, ‘“Dimmit Co., Texas, Col.
Hubbard & Schwarz.” Allotype female, “Waco, Tex., V.22.” Four-
teen paratypes as follows: 1 male, 1 female, “Waco, Tex., V.22”;
1 male, “Kingsville, Texas, C. T. Reed”; 2 males, ‘““Brownsv’le, Tex.,
VI, 11-16, ’33, Darlington’; 1 male, “Brownsville, Tex., VI-25-08”’;
1 male, 2 females, “Victoria, Tex., 7-31-16, 8-5-16, and 8-7-16, J. D.
Mitchell collector, at light”; 2 males, “Madison Co., Tex., VI-
20-31 and VI-21-31, Bibby & Tate collectors”; 1 female, “Amarillo,
Tex., 8/02”; 1 female, “El Campo, Tex., 6-8, 1923”; 1 female,
“Altair, Calo. Co., 1.10.11, C. T. Atkinson.”
Holotype and allotype deposited in the United States National
Museum. Paratypes in the United States National Museum, Mu-
seum of Comparative Zoédlogy at Harvard College, Francis Hunting-
276 THe UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
ton Snow Entomological Collections at the University of Kansas,
and in the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey at
Urbana, Ill, H. C. Fall at Tyngsboro, Mass., and at College Station,
Texas.
REMARKS AND CoMPARATIVE Notes. Related to L. scapularis
Casey, but may be separated from it by the following character-
istics: beak a little stouter, lateral carinae more prominent; disk of
prothorax with more large punctures, and with setae longer and more
prominent; base of elytra more deeply emarginate and humeri more
oblique; elytra rounded behind the humeri and without the angulate
prominences of L. scapularis Casey; elytral intervals more convex,
first intervals more prominent at declivity of elytra, and posterior
calli less prominent; seventh (last visible) abdominal sternum of
male convex and that of female without the deep depression of
L. scapularis Casey, and with the apical emargination narrower and
deeper; tips of female elytra conjointly rounded instead of separately
acuminate. The males may easily be separated by the shape of the
median lobe and females by the shape of the eighth sternum.
Also resembles L. rotundicollis LeConte to some extent, but differs
in the following respects: thicker and more strongly carinate beak;
prothorax less constricted anteriorly and with coarser punctation on
the disk; elytra more strongly emarginate at base; humeri more
oblique. The seventh and eighth sterna of the females are different
and the genitalia of the males are very different.
BrotocicaLt Nores. This species has been taken at light.
Data on Distripution. Known only from the southern half of
Texas.
Listronotus scapularis Casey 1895
(Plate XXXV, fig. 1; Plate XXXVI, fig. 5)
1895. Listronotus scapularis Casey, Coleop. Notices VI, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci. VIII, p. 828.
1920. Listronotus scapularis Casey. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 316.
1931. Listronotus scapularis Casey. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
OricINAL Description. “Parallel and somewhat stout, moderately
convex, black, densely clothed throughout with brown scales nearly
uniform in color, on the pronotum slightly larger, but not obscuring
the punctures and slightly paler in a feeble oblique line at each side
and in the middle toward the base. Head a little less than one-half
as wide as the prothorax, densely fulvo-squamulose, the eyes sepa-
rated by nearly four times their own width; beak long, about as long
as the head and prothorax, straight, bent downward and gradually
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 277
dilated toward the tip, tricarinate above, squamose and densely
punctato-rugose throughout; antennae long and slender, inserted
near the apex, the scrobes long, deep, coarse, straight, and horizontal,
scape very long, slender, feeby enlarged distally, second joint of
funicle greatly elongate, more than twice as long as the first and
almost as long as the next four combined. Prothorax two-fifths
wider than long, the sides subparallel, conspicuously and almost
evenly arcuate, a little more convergent toward apex than base, the
former three-fourths as wide as the latter, truncate, the ocular lobes
well developed; base broadly arcuate; disk sparsely, moderately
coarsely punctate, each puncture bearing a small, stiff hair. Scu-
tellum circular, densely clothed with pale whitish scales. Elytra
three-fifths longer than wide, between three and four times as long
as the prothorax and nearly one-half wider; sides parallel and
straight behind the post-humeral projection, outwardly oblique and
straight from the base to the apex of the angulate prominence,
gradually rounded in about apical third, the subapical umbones well
marked; disk finely striate, the striae finely, feebly and indistinctly
punctate; intervals flat, finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture
bearing a small stout hair. Abdomen densely squamose on the two
basal segments, thence coarsely pubescent with squamose sublateral
areas to the apex; legs long, densely squamose and with short stiff
sparse hairs, the scales paler toward the femoral apices. Length,
12.0 mm.; width, 5.0mm. (across the post-humeral angular promi-
nences 5.5 mm.).
“Texas (El Paso). Mr. Dunn.
“This large and distinct species may be placed near callosus Lec.,
for the present, but is not closely allied to any other thus far de-
scribed. The type is probably a female. Two specimens.”
ApDITIONAL Description. Length, 8 to12 mm. Thickly clothed
with nearly uniform brownish scales, larger on prothorax, smaller
and imbricated on elytra. In fresh specimens the following mark-
ings of light scales may be observed: a narrow irregular oblique line
at each side of the prothorax, and a short median line at the base;
a wider irregular band on the elytra, covering the humeri and ex-
tending caudad over the posterior calli. Occasionally there may be
scattered small patches of light scales on the disk of the elytra. The
extent of the light scales is variable and in some specimens there
are very few present. On older specimens the light scales may be-
come saturated with oil from the body, in which case they become
dark or dirty, and the patterns are obliterated. Beak tricarinate
278 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
above, median carina prominent, sharp, smooth; lateral carinae
less prominent, more rounded, closely punctate. Antennae with
second segment of funicle about twice as long as first, third longer
than fourth, second almost as long as next four combined,.as stated
in original description. Head convex, finely and closely punctate,
densely covered with elongate scales, becoming rounded in the area
immediately surrounding the frontal fovea, which is deep and
punctiform. Disk of prothorax closely, moderately coarsely punc-
tate, each puncture closed by a seale; a few scattered punctures
larger, open, and bearing short setae. The original description
mentions only these latter punctures, not the smaller ones which are
covered over by the scales. Base of elytra deeply emarginate.
Female with tips of elytra separately, very slightly subacuminate;
seventh abdominal sternum very slightly emarginate at apex, nearly
truncate, with an oblong median transverse depression which is
impunctate and somewhat shining at the middle.
Notes on Types. The types of this species are located in the
Casey Collection in the United States National Museum, and have
been examined. The type is a female from “Tex.” A paratype
male is also labeled “Tex.” There is a third specimen in the series,
a male, not a type, and without any locality label, although it is
undoubtedly from Texas.
ReEMARKS AND CoMpPaRATIVE Notes. This species has been found
confused in collections with L. callosus LeConte which it resembles.
It may be readily distinguished by the prominent post-humeral pro-
jections and the flat intervals of the elytra. The prothorax is
relatively wider, being three-fifths wider than long while in L.
callosus LeConte the prothorax is only one-fifth wider than long.
The genitalia of the two species are very distinct.
BroLtoaicaL Norrs. This species has been taken at light.
Data on Distripution. Known to occur only in Texas.
Texas:
Tex.; Gregory, Tex., June 8, ’04, at light; San Diego, Tex., May 23, Coll.
Hubbard & Schwarz; San Diego, Tex., May 25, E. A. Schwarz Collector;
Mercedes, Tex., May 11-1934, C. L. Parnell, Thayer #161; Kingsville, Tex.,
C. T. Reed; Taft, Tex., 5/13/10; Brwnsvlle., Tex., XI-5, McMillan, Collector,
under board; Brownsville, Tex., VI-25-08; Brownsville, Tex., Oct. 12, 1910,
R. A. Vickery Collector, Webster No. 6478; Brownsville, Tex., VI-8-34, J. N.
Knull; Victoria, Tex., 5-18-04, C. M. Walker Collector; Victoria, Tex., V.14.
11, J. D. Mitchell, Collector, at light; McAllen, Tex., VII-9-1921, L. J. Bot-
timer, at light; Hidalgo Co., Tex., 6-16-1930, Light Trap Tex. Exp. Sta.;
Hidalgo Co., Tex., 6-5-1930, J. C. Gaines Collector, Tex. Exp. Sta. Light Trap;
Weslaco, Tex., 6-5-1930; Weslaco, Tex., 5-30-1930, S. W. Clark Collector, Tex.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 279
Exp. Sta. Light Trap; Weslaco, Tex., Oct., 1930, S. W. Clark; Plainview, Tex.,
10-1-31, S. E. Jones Collector; Brownsville, Tex., Feb. 26, 1915, C. H. Popenoe
Collector; Brownsville, Tex., VI-1-34 and VI-8-34, J. N. Knull; Brownsv’le,
Tex., VI, 11-16, ’33, Darlington; Dallas, Texas.
Listronotus blatchleyi new species
(Plate XXXV, fig. 2; Plate XX XVII, fig. 12)
1928. Listronotus callosus Blatchley, nec LeConte. Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXVI,
De 2a:
Length, 9 to 12.5 mm. Oblong, stout, black. Clothed with dark-
brown and light-brown scales, the latter forming an irregular lateral
vitta on the prothorax and extending onto the humeri of the elytra
and sometimes to the posterior third of the elytra. In some in-
dividuals these light-brown scales become almost cinereous. Beak
moderately stout, very slightly curved, as long as the prothorax;
upper surface distinctly tricarinate; lateral sulci very deep; surface
rugulosely punctate; clothed with narrow scales. Head convex,
densely punctate, clothed with narrow scales; rugose between the
eyes and with the scales wider; frontal fovea very deep. Antennae
moderately slender; second segment of funicle nearly twice as long
as first; third segment very slightly elongate, not as long as first;
fourth to seventh segments rounded. Prothorax slightly wider than
long; ocular lobes moderately developed; sides nearly parallel at
middle, strongly rounded at base, slightly constricted at apex; disk
of prothorax more sparsely squamose than elytra, the scales much
larger than those of the elytra but not imbricated; the surface
densely and coarsely punctate, a few scattered larger punctures
open and seta-bearing; sides of prothorax granulate-punctate.
Scutellum elongate, clothed with tiny whitish setae. Elytra deeply
emarginate at base; humeri right-angulate or very slightly oblique,
prominent because of the deeply emarginate base of the elytra;
rounded behind the humeri, sides parallel in the male, very slightly
wider a little behind the middle in the female; striae not impressed,
but coarsely and deeply punctate; intervals convex, the third and
fifth usually very strongly so; elytra with a very rough appearance
caused by numerous prominent transverse wrinkles; setae rather
short, decumbent, not very prominent. Ventral surface sparsely and
unevenly punctate with intermixed large and small punctures;
sterna nearly bare at middle, having only a few short, slender, in-
conspicuous setae, but with the sides rather thickly clothed with
rounded scales. Legs rather slender; middle and hind femora with
a preapical band of light scales; tibiae strongly mucronate at apex.
Male with third and fourth (first and second visible) abdominal
280 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
sterna broadly coneave; seventh (fifth visible) sternum slightly
convex; elytra conjointly rounded. Female with third and fourth
(first and second visible) abdominal sterna very strongly convex
throughout their entire width; seventh (fifth visible) sternum rather
broadly and deeply transversely concave; seventh tergum broadly
and shallowly emarginate at apex; tips of elytra separately acumi-
nate.
Notes oN Types. Holotype male and allotype female, ““Home-
stead, Fla., June, 1929, Darlington.” Six paratypes as follows:
2 females, “Homestead, Fla., June, 1929, Darlington”; 1 male,
“Flagler Co., Fla., 11-18-30, D. B. Webb, Florida Fruit Fly Trap
Surv.”; 1 male, “Paradise Key, Fla., 1V-1-25”; 2 females, ‘Royal
Palm Park, Fla., 12-12-24, W. S. B.”
Holotype and allotype in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy
at Harvard College. Paratypes in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College, the United States National Museum,
the Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Collections at the Uni-
versity of Kansas, and in the collections of H. C. Fall and Purdue
University.
REMARKS AND ComPARATIVE Notes. This species appears to be
somewhat related to L. callosus LeConte, but may be separated
from it by the following characters: beak more strongly tricarinate;
fourth segment of funicle of antennae not elongate; elytra with
transverse wrinkles and the odd intervals not as strongly convex;
posterior calli not at all prominent.
L. blatchleyi n. sp. appears to be most closely related to L.
palustris Blatchley. The two species are very similar in many re-
spects, but may be separated by the following characteristics:
alternate elytral intervals less convex in palustris than in blatchleyi;
beak equal in length to the prothorax in blatchleyi, longer than the
prothorax in palustris; all the tibiae denticulate along the inner mar-
gins in blatchleyi, hind tibiae not denticulate in palustris; elytra
with transverse wrinkles in blatchleyi but not in palustris. The two
species may be separated readily by the differences in the median
lobes of the males or the eighth sterna of the females.
Blatchley (1928) refers to L. blatchleyi n. sp. under the name of
L. callosus LeConte. Since Blatchley has collected the species and
published on it, it is named for him.
Biotocicat Notes. Blatchley (1928), in referring to the two
specimens of this species which were collected by him says, “Two
females, each 13 mm. in length, were taken December 12, hibernat-
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 281
ing amidst the roots of a large tuft of roadside grass at Royal Palm
Park.” These two specimens have been examined and are des-
ignated as paratypes.
Data on DistripuTion. Known only from Florida.
Listronotus palustris Blatchley 1916
(Plate X XXIII, fig. 4: Plate XXXVI, fig. 10)
1916. Listronotus palustris Blatchley, in Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 161, fig. 60 a-b.
1920. Listronotus palustris Blatchley. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1931. Listronotus palustris Blatchley. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
OrIGINAL Description. ‘“Elongate-oblong, robust. Black, above
rather thickly clothed with pale brown, fuscous and silvery gray
scales, the gray ones forming a narrow stripe each side of thorax
and along the sides to beyond the middle of the elytra, covering
also the meso- and metasternal side pieces and sides of ventral seg-
ments, and forming a ring near apex of each femur; antennae, tibiae
and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Beak rather stout, as long as thorax,
distinctly tricarinate and quadrisuleate. Thorax short, convex, dis-
tinctly wider than long, sides broadly rounded, disc coarsely, evenly
and densely punctured, each puncture closed by a round scale, much
larger than those of elytra. Scutellum small, rounded. Elytra but
slightly wider at base than middle of thorax, humeri oblique, sides
subparallel to apical third, then strongly converging to apex where
they are conjointly rounded in male, but separately prolonged in
short, obtuse processes in female; striae with very coarse punctures
separated by their own diameters; first, third and fifth intervals
convex, slightly elevated, the others flat; setae very short, visible
only on the declivity. Fifth ventral of female broadly and deeply
impressed. Length, 6.2-8.5 mm.
“Dunedin, Florida, Jan. 17-April 6; common beneath boards and
other cover along the margins of ponds; mating Feb. 11 and April 1.
Enterprise, Fla., May 25; LeConte collection, without name. Marion
county and Enterprise, Fla., May 27; Horn collection, without name.
Specimens sent to Doctor Chittenden were returned as L. sulcirostris
Lec., but careful comparison with the type of that species shows
palustris to differ widely in the secondary sexual characters of fe-
male, as well as in the width, vestiture and punctuation of thorax.”
ADDITIONAL DerscripTION. Length, 6.5 to 9mm. Beak as long as
or slightly longer than prothorax; median carina smooth, usually
more prominent than lateral carinae, which are punctate; lateral
282 THe UNIversiIty ScrENCE BULLETIN
sulci deep, extending beyond middle of beak; upper surface rather
thickly clothed with narrow scales and a few slender setae. Head
convex; deeply and densely punctate; clothed with short stout setae;
frontal fovea deep, with a small patch of rounded scales. Prothorax
one-fifth wider than long; disk with a number of scattered large
punctures bearing short, stout setae instead of rounded scales. Male
with third abdominal sternum slightly concave; entire surface of
seventh sternum convex, often with a short median longitudinal de-
pression just before the apex. Female with third abdominal sternum
slightly convex; seventh sternum with a moderately deep concavity
across its entire width.
Nores on Types. The types of this species, a male and female,
were found mating at Dunedin, Fla., April 1, 1915, and were col-
lected by W. 8S. Blatchley. They are located in the Blatchley col-
lection at Purdue University.
BriotoagircaL Notes. Several specimens have been taken from the
stomachs of Bufo terrestris at Lake Kissimmee, Florida. There is a
specimen of L. palustris Blatchley in the Harris collection in the
Boston Museum of Natural History. It had not been determined as
any species. A number on the specimen refers to the Harris cata-
logue, where we find that the specimen was taken under the bark of
a rotten oak in “E. Fla.,” by Doubleday.
Dara on Disrrisution. Described and previously recorded only
from Florida. I have seen several specimens from two localities in
Georgia. The records of distribution are as follows:
Georgia:
St. Simons Island, Ga., 18-VII-1931, Quirsfeld; St. Simons Island, Ga., VII-
18-1931, C. A. Frost; Tybee Is., Ga., 7.1, H. A. Wenzel Collector.
Florida:
Fla.; Dunedin, Fla., 1.2.1918, 1-19-1913, 2-11-1913, 2-17-20, Feb. 18, 1914,
2-21-16, 2-23-24, 3-2-16, Mch. 14. ’20, 3-15-1913, 3-16-1913, 3-18-16, 3-31-1913,
4-1-1915, and 4-2-21, W. S. Blatchley Coll.; Dunedin, Fla., 11.11.14, II-11-’17,
and II-26-16; Dunedin, Pinellas Co., Fla., IJJ-17-1925; Enterprise, Fla., 25.5
and 27.5, Coll. Hubbard & Schwarz; Enterprise, Fla., May 19, May 21, May 23,
May 25, and May 27; Tampa, Fla., 26.4, Coll. Hubbard & Schwarz; Tampa,
Fla., 28.4; Sebring, Fla., 8-5-30, Paul W. Oman; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo
1387; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 1390; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 1488.
Listronotus blandus new species
(Plate XXXIV, fig. 1; Plate XX XVII, fig. 1)
Length, 5.25 to 6.5 mm. Elongate, black. Clothed with rather
large, round scales, nearly uniform in color except on the prothorax,
where there are indications of three vittae which are a trifle lighter.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 283
Beak very slightly longer than the prothorax; with three fine carinae,
the median one a trifle more prominent; the lateral sulci moderately
deep; rather sparsely and somewhat rugulosely punctate, especially
at the base; basal part with a few round scales which become nar-
rower at the middle of the beak and setiform at its apex. Head
convex; densely punctate, slightly rugose between the eyes; clothed
with short slender setae; frontal fovea deep, with a small patch of
broad scales. Antennae slender; second segment of funicle nearly
twice as long as first; third segment very slightly elongate in male,
more so in female; fourth to seventh segments rounded. Prothorax
shghtly wider than long; ocular lobes moderately developed; sides
evenly rounded; disk coarsely punctate, sparsely clothed with scales
which are very little larger than those of the elytra; a few large,
open punctures bearing short, stout setae. Scutellum nearly round,
with a few very short, stout light-colored setae. Base of elytra
broadly and slightly emarginate; humeri obtuse, rounded; sides
parallel to the posterior third then gradually narrowed to the apex,
the posterior third being rather slender and slightly attenuated;
striae slightly impressed, finely punctate; intervals slightly convex,
with short, distant setae. Ventral surface with third and fourth
(first and second visible) abdominal sterna coarsely and very
sparsely punctate, the median part with tiny setae scarcely pro-
truding beyond the punctures, sides with a small patch of round
scales; fifth to seventh (third to fifth visible) sterna more finely
and closely punctate, and with minute setae. Legs slender; tibiae
rather strongly bent at tip, apical mucrones long. Male with third
(first visible) abdominal sternum flat or very slightly concave; tips
of elytra conjointly rounded. Female with third (first visible)
abdominal sternum convex; seventh (fifth visible) sternum with a
broad, transverse concavity extending across the entire sclerite; tips
of elytra separately subacuminate.
Nores on Types. Holotype male, “Ind. River, Fla., 9/4.’’ Allo-
type female, “Childs, Fla., 8-6-30, R. H. Beamer. ” Numerous para-
types from Florida, Gena Alabama, and Louisiana.
Holotype and allotype in the Francis Huntington Snow Ento-
mological Collections at the University of Kansas. Paratypes in
the Francis Huntington Snow Collections, the United States Na-
tional Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at Harvard
College, the American Museum of Natural History, and in the col-
lections of the United States Biological Survey, Purdue University,
H. C. Fall, and the Illinois Natural History Survey.
284 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
REMARKS AND CoMPARATIVE Notes. This species is fairly closely
related to L. palustris Blatchley, but is much smaller, has the beak
less coarsely sculptured, has the scales of a uniform color, and the
elytral intervals are not convex as in L. palustris Blatchley.
BroLocicaL Notes. This species has been taken in some numbers
from the stomachs of Bufo terrestris at Lake Kissimmee, Florida.
A specimen from Ponchatoula, La., was collected on turnip on May
2. This species has been taken at light in Louisiana.
Data oN Distripution. Rather common in Florida. Has also
been taken in Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana.
Listronotus frontalis LeConte 1876
(Plate XXXII, fig. 3; Plate XXXVI, fig. 13)
1876. Listronotus frontalis LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 133.
1885. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Townsend, Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 72.
1895. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII, p. 344.
1910. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1916. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North East-
ern America, p. 159.
1920. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 317.
1928. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Leng, Cornell Univ., Agri. Exp. Sta., Memoir 101,
p. 495.
1931. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1937. Listronotus frontalis LeConte. Bleasdell, Iowa St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI, No. 4,
p. 416.
ORIGINAL Description. “Blackish, less elongated, covered with
rounded scales, which are no larger on the prothorax; these scales are
dirty brown on the elytra, and with a metallic lustre on the head and
prothorax. Beak finely carinate, lateral grooves almost obsolete,
frontal fovea deep. Prothorax very little longer than wide, broadly
rounded on the sides, transversely impressed near the tip; lateral
stripes and dorsal line indistinctly paler, punctures dense, of two
sizes, the larger more distant. Elytra one-third wider than the
prothorax, broadly emarginate at base, humeri rounded; striae
strongly punctured, interspaces wide, nearly flat; tip conjointly
rounded in both sexes. Length, 5.7-10 mm.; .23-.40 inch.
“Male. Last ventral not impressed; anal segment slghtly
prominent.
“Female. Last ventral with three shallow impressions.
“Michigan, New York, Georgia, Texas. Stouter than L. nebulosus,
and easily recognized by the above characters. The setae of the
elytra are more obvious than usual.”
ADDITIONAL Description. Beak, about the same length as the
prothorax, moderately stout; upper surface rounded, except for the
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 285
sharp smooth median carina; surface rather densely, moderately
punctate. Antennae with second segment of funicle about twice as
long as first; third to seventh segments subglobose, third not longer
than fourth and not as long as first. Disk of prothorax slightly
wider than long; ocular lobes moderately developed; punctures
dense, rather small, with a few scattered larger punctures bearing
short, dark, stout setae instead of scales. EHlytra with striae rather
fine, moderately punctate, the punctures not distant; intervals nearly
flat, scales not imbricated, setae moderately long, dark, semierect,
rather prominent on posterior part of elytra. Ventral surface of ab-
domen not densely punctate; seventh sternum, however, more
densely punctate than the others; punctures of varied size. Male
with third and fourth sterna broadly and rather deeply concave at
middle; seventh sternum nearly flat; disk of prothorax with only a
slight median postapical impression. Memale with third and fourth
sterna flat or shghtly convex; seventh sternum with three broad,
feebly impressed longitudinal impressions, one median and the other
two sublateral; disk of prothorax with a median postapical im-
pression which is often rather deep. ?
Notes on Typrs. The types of this species have been examined.
They are in the LeConte collection in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College. There are four specimens in LeConte’s
series of frontalis. The first one is a female labeled “Tex.” It is
9.5mm. long. There is a deep impression just behind the apex of the
prothorax. The second specimen is from the “middle states” of
LeConte and is probably the New York specimen mentioned in the
original description. It is a male, and measures 6.2 mm. in length.
The scales are slightly tinged with cupreous. The third of the series
is a female and bears an orange disk indicating the “southern states,”
probably Georgia. The fourth specimen in the series is labeled
“S. Haven, Mich., 15.9.74.” It does not bear a type label, but is
probably the specimen, or one of the specimens, upon which the
Michigan record in the original description is based.
Biological notes. Sometimes taken at light. It was taken by
Mitchell in Victoria county, Texas, in the early part of February,
hibernating under pecan logs. Townsend (1885) found a number
of L. frontalis LeConte in Louisiana, along with L. tuberosus Le-
Conte, L. callosus LeConte, and L. nebulosus LeConte, beneath old
railroad ties on the ground and under pieces of wood in dry places
during the first part of April. Blatchley (1916) records the species
as frequent along the beach of Lake Michigan and along the borders
of ponds and ditches.
286 THe UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Data on DisrrisutTion: This species has a very wide distribution.
It has been found from Florida to California, northward through the
entire United States, and in all the southern tier of Canadian prov-
inces, from Quebec to British Columbia. The records of specimens
examined are as follows:
UNITED STATES
Massachusetts:
Mass.; Chicopee, Mass., Apr. 12, 95, Apr. 23, 95, May 31, 95, June 9, 796,
June 20, 95, and June 30, 95; Tyngsboro, Ms., VI-16-21; Mass., Blanch.; Low.,
Mass.
Rhode Island:
Watch Hill, R. I., July 31, 1909, W. Robinson.
New York:
N. Y., T. B. A.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Rochester, N. Y., 23 July, 1933, Coll. R. L.
Post.
New Jersey:
Berkley Hgts., N. J.; New Jersey; Hopatcong, N. J.
Pennsylvania:
Penn.; Jeanette, Pa., Klages; Frankford, Pa., VI.21, and VI.27, A. Schmidt
Collector.
District of Columbia:
Washgtn., D. C.
Florida:
Fla.; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 1428.
Alabama:
Mobile, Ala., VI, Loding; Mobile, Ala., VII.1.21, H. P. Loding.
Louisiana:
La.; N. Orleans, La., 11/3, 14/3, 26/3, 3.V1.92, 6/6, 10/6, 26:X.91, and
4/11/91; New Orleans, La., Aug. 3, F. R. Mason; Baton Rouge, La., June
4-15, T. H. Jones Collector, At light; Baton Rouge, La., May 5-19. O. W.
Rosewall; Baton Rouge, La., 4/17/1934, 4/18/1934, 4/23.1934, 5/12.1934, F. E.
Lyman; Gueydan, La., May 28, May 29, June 15, June 16, June 28, July 11,
July 21, and Aug. 16, 1925, E. Kalmbach, At Light.
Kentucky:
Ky.
Indiana:
Ind.; Millers, Ind., VII.4.14.
Illinois:
Ill.; N. Ill.; Chicago, Ill., 3/9, VII.4.00; Cook Co., Ill., Aug., Blackwelder;
Cook Co., Ill., Col. & Pres. by E. B. Chope; Ft. Sheridan, Ill., VII.25.10;
Ravinia, Ill., VII.30.10.
Michigan:
Mich.; Cheboygan Co., Mich., 7-6-1936, R. L. Anderson; Oakland Co.,
Michigan, VII-4-1925, A. W. Andrews; Escanaba, Mich., 17.7; S. Haven, Mich.,
15.9.74; Chippewa county, Michigan, VII.24.1914, A. W. Andrews.
Wisconsin:
Wis.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 287
Minnesota:
Minn.
Lowa:
Iowa; Iowa, Bufo 2052; Iowa City, III-25-98, Wickham; Iowa City, Ia.,
V-5-1896; Lake Okoboji, Ia., July 3, July 10, and July 26, 1917, L. L. Buchanan;
Monona Co., Iowa, IX-99, Shimek; Milford, Ia., Bufo am. 1997 (Lakeside
Lab., F. N. Blanchard).
Nebraska:
Fillmore, Neb.
Kansas:
Kan.; Kan., T.B.A.; Lawrence, Kan., 7-11-33, M. W. Sanderson, At Light.
Texas:
Tex.; Victoria, Tex., 3.19, E. A. Schwarz Collector; Victoria, Tx., V.14.11,
J.D. Mitchell Collector, at light; Calletto er. bottom, Victoria Co., Tex., II-3-12,
J. D. Mitchell Collector, hibernating under pecan log; Dallas Co., Tex., sum-
mer, 1931, J. K. G. Silvey.
Colorado:
Alamosa, Col., 3.7; Col.
North Dakota:
Granna, N. D., VI-25-’12, 106242; University, N. D., June 15.96, R. P. Currie
Collector.
South Dakota:
SD}
Utah:
Dry Lake, Ut., 7/31/1926, G. F. Knowlton Collector.
New Mexico:
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Arizona:
Ari.
California:
Cal.
Oregon:
Or.; Dalles, Oreg.; Dalles, Or.; The Dalles, Oreg., 1889, Dietz; Baker, Ore.,
Je.15, 1924; Klamath, Oreg.
Washington:
Pullman, Wash., July 2, 98, Collector C. V. Piper.
CANADA
Quebec:
Montebello, Que., 7-24-37.
Ontario:
E. Ont., Can.
Saskatchewan:
Saskatoon, Sask., June 16, 1924, Kenneth M. King.
Alberta:
Cypress Hills, Alta., VII.3.1925, F. S. Carr: Medicine Hat, Alta., 30.IV.1927,
F. 8. Carr Collector; Medicine Hat, Alta., VI-17-’27, Carr.
288 Tue University ScrieENCE BULLETIN
British Columbia:
Salmon Arm, B. C., 30.1V.31 and I.5.1930, Hugh B. Leech; Osoyoos, B. C.;
Vancouver Is., B. C.
Listronotus oregonensis (leConte) 1860
(Plate XXXIII, fig. 1; Plate XXXVII, fig. 6)
1860. Listroderes oregonensis LeConte, Explorations and Surveys for a Railroad Route
frem the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Route Near the 47th and 49th Parallels, XII,
pt. 8, p. 55.
1871. Listroderes oregonensis LeConte. Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleopterorum,
VIII, p. 2360.
1873. Listoderes oregonensis LeConte. Crotch, Check List of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 118.
1876. Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 133.
1876, Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 1384.
1876. Listronotus impressifrons LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 134.
1877. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Popenoe, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci.,
Weep: oo:
1902. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Chittenden, U. 8. D. A. Yearbook,
p. 731.
1903. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Ulke, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV,
p. 33.
1909. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Chittenden, U. 8S. D. A., Bur. Ent.
Bull. 82, Pt. 2, pp. 14-19, figs. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4.
1914. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Britton, 13th Rept. St. Ent. Conn.,
De 2a ele ekclea
1916. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora
of North Eastern America, p. 161, fig. 61.
1916. Listronotus impressifrons LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 163.
1916. Listronotus rudipennis Blatchley, in Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 162.
1920. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Britton, Conn. Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Surv., Bull. 31, p. 283.
1920. Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1920. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera
of America, North of Mexico, p. 316.
1920. Listronotus impressifrons LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1920. Listronotus rudipennis Blatchley. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1922. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Hayes, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci.,
XXX, 2, p. 207.
1924. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Chittenden, Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.,
XIX, pp. 84-86, fig.
1926. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Chandler, Jr. Econ. Ent., XIX, pp.
490-494.
1926. Listronotus rudipennis Blatchley. Harris, Jr. Econ. Ent., XIX, pp. 494-496, pl. 7.
1927. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Boyce, Jr. Econ. Ent., XX, pp.
814-821, fig. 39.
1927. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Britton, Conn. Agri. Exp. Sta.,
Bull. 285, p. 178.
1928. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Leng, Cornell Univ. Agri. Exp. Sta.,
Memoir 101, p. 495.
1931. Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte). Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
1931. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk,
Coleopterorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 289
1931. Listronotus impressifrons LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleop-
terorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1931. Listronotus rudipennis Blatchley. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopteroruin
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
1932. Listronotus latiwsculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Buchanan, Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.,
XXVII, pp. 7-8.
1933. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Britton, Conn. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bull.
344, p. 137.
1935. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Shropshire and Compton, Ill. Agr.
Coll. Exp. Sta. and Ext. Serv., Cire. 437.
1935. Listronotus rudipennis Blatchley. Shropshire and Compton, Ill. Agr. Coll. Exp. Sta.
and Ext. Serv., Cire. 437.
1937. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Bleasdell, Iowa St. Coll. Jr. of
Sci., XI, 4, p. 416.
1938. Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman. Pepper and Hagmann, Jr. Econ.
Ent., XXXI, pp. 262-266.
OricINAL Description. “Niger oblongus, ‘sordide squamosus,
rostro thorace vix breviore, confertim punctato et rugoso, subtiliter
carinato, capite confertim punctato, thorace grosse confertissime
punctato, latitudine vix breviore, lateribus roundatis, antrorsum
angustato ad apicem transversim paulo impresso, elytris thorace
latioribus ad basin truncatis, latitudine sesqui longioribus, humeris
paulo rotundatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis confertim punctulatis;
antennis nigris, articulo 310 secundo fere duplo longiore. Long. -27;
lat. elytrorum ‘11. ,
“One specimen, Shoalwater Bay, Dr. Cooper. The scales are
nearly all removed by the spirits in which it was preserved.”
ADDITIONAL Description. Length, 4.5 to 7mm. Body black or
piceous. Scales dark brown, light brown, or with a metallic coppery
tinge In some specimens; scales imbricated on elytra but not on pro-
thorax; occasionally a faint indication of a lighter median longi-
tudinal vitta and two sublateral vittae on the prothorax; elytra
sometimes without markings, other times with varied amounts of
mottlings of darker scales which become almost black in some indi-
viduals. Beak rather variable; as long as or slightly longer than the
prothorax; always with a median carina which may be feeble or
very sharp; lateral carinae sometimes rather prominent; upper sur-
face finely, densely, somewhat rugosely punctate; clothed with
slender setae. Head convex, densely punctate; frontal fovea dis-
tinct. Antennae with second segment of funicle not quite twice as
long as first; third rounded, not longer than fourth and not as long
as first. Prothorax one-sixth to one-fifth wider than long; sides
usually strongly rounded, sometimes slightly constricted at apex;
ocular lobes not very strongly developed; disk of prothorax rather
roughly sculptured, densely punctate with rather coarse punctures
covered by large striate scales, the intervals between the punctures
192181
290 THe UNIvEerRSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
with numerous tubercles, each bearing a stout seta inserted in a
small puncture on its dorsal surface; disk of prothorax usually with
a feeble median longitudinal impression which is more distinct to-
ward the base and apex than at the middle. Elytra rather stout;
very slightly emarginate at base; humeri rounded; sides parallel to
apical third, then broadly rounded to apex, which is rather blunt, or
subtruneate; striae slightly impressed, the punctures small, closely
placed, each bearing a tiny seta; intervals flat or slightly convex, the
first two slightly depressed around the scutellum, the third usually
more strongly convex at base, each interval with a row of short setae
which are a little longer and very slightly clavate toward the apex
of the elytra. Ventral surface densely, moderately punctate; sides
of metasternum with a few rounded scales, the remainder of the ven-
tral surface clothed only with slender setae. Male with third and
fourth abdominal sterna broadly and feebly concave at middle.
Female with third abdominal sternum slightly convex; seventh ster-
num unmodified.
Notes on Syonoymy. The Listronotus latiusculus of American
authors is L. oregonensis (LeConte). The type of Listroderes latiu-
sculus Boheman has been examined and is a member of the genus
Hyperodes. Under the name of Listronotus latiusculus (Boheman),
LeConte, in 1876, says, “I refer this name to a species which occurs
in the Middle and Southern States, and is by no means rare.” This
statement is followed by a description of the species which must be
known as Listronotus latiusculus LeConte, nec Boheman, since it
does not refer to Boheman’s latiusculus, Listronotus latiusculus Le-
Conte is a synonym of Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), both
names having been proposed for the same species. The latter name
has priority by sixteen years. The type of Listroderes oregonensis
LeConte has been examined, as has also the series of specimens on
which the name Listronotus latiusculus LeConte is based.
In 1876 LeConte described Listronotus impressifrons. The types
of this species have been examined and L. impressifrons LeConte is
found to be a synonym of L. oregonensis (LeConte).
Blatchley described Listronotus rudipennis in 1916. Buchanan
(1932) placed L. rudipennis Blatchley as a synonym of L. latiusculus
(Boheman), at the same time expressing the opinion that there was
some doubt as to whether L. latiusculus (Boheman) was the proper
name for the species. He also suggested that if an examination of
the type of Listroderes latiusculus Boheman showed that the name
had been erroneously applied to the species in question, the name
L. rudipennis Blatchley would become available. I have examined
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 291
the type of L. rudipennis Blatchley and agree with Buchanan’s con-
clusions regarding the synonymy of that species. I have also found,
as was suspected by Buchanan, that the name latiusculus Boheman
cannot be applied to this species. However, an examination of the
type of L. oregonensis (LeConte) shows that it is the same species to
which the name L. rudipennis Blatchley was applied, and since L.
oregonensis (LeConte) was the first name applied to the species, it
has priority over all others.
Notes on Types. The type of L. oregonensis (LeConte) is in the
LeConte Collection in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at
Harvard College. It is a female specimen and bears a blue disk
indicating that it was taken in Oregon. The scales are nearly all
gone, and the left elytron is broken from the body and mounted on
a point on the pin beneath the body. There is a slight indication
of the median thoracic impression mentioned by LeConte, but the
appearance of the deepness of the impression is emphasized by the
presence of some light scales at the bottom of the depression. These
scales are the remnant of the lighter colored median vitta and were
not rubbed off because they were protected by their location on the
concave surface of the depression.
The types of ZL. impressifrons LeConte, and the specimens to
which the name L. latiwsculus LeConte, nec Boheman was applied
are also in the LeConte Collection at Harvard College.
The type of L. rudipennis Blatchley is in the Blatchley Collection
at Purdue University.
The type of Listroderes latiusculus Boheman is in the Zoélogisches
Institut at Halle, Germany.
Notes on Brotocy. The first mention of any biological informa-
tion concerning this species was by Popenoe (1877). - He says that
the species was common at Topeka, Kan., and that it was found
under stones in the spring, and was taken on Peucedanum faenicula-
ceum. Specimens taken by Popenoe at Topeka, Kan., have been
examined.
The first known mention of the species causing any economic
damage was made by Chittenden (1902) when he reported that it
was discovered by Mr. F. C. Pratt, injuring parsley in Virginia.
Some of the specimens taken from the roots of parsley by Mr. Pratt
at Four Mile Run, Va., have been examined. Chittenden (1909)
later reported on the life history and habits of the species.
Britton (1914) reported the “parsley stalk weevil” as causing
damage to parsley in cold frames in Connecticut.
Chittenden (1924) again published on the “parsley weevil,” re-
292 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
porting damage which it had caused to carrots in New York and
Washington, D. C. Some of the specimens which he mentions from
Astoria, Long Island, New York, have been examined as have also
some of those which he mentions as having been so abundant on
parsley in Washington, D. C., in 1916. In this article Chittenden
points out several times that these weevils were doing damage in dry
soil, then says, “. . . it would naturally appear that the original
supposition that this species was semiaquatic and that the attack to
cultivated plants was accidental rather than otherwise should be
modified. It is evident that we now have to deal with a species
which is liable to be injurious to carrots or parsley at almost any
time and place in its rather wide distribution.” At the end of the
article he says, “There would naturally be some slight doubt as to
whether the species reared by Dr. C. M. Weed in Ohio from Sagit-
taria is the same as the one under discussion.” The source of con-
fusion here has been due to the fact that Hyperodes solutus (Bohe-
man), reared from Sagittaria by Weed, was determined as L. latius-
culus (Boheman). When the true L. oregonensis (LeConte), the L.
latiusculus of American authors, was found living in parsley and
carrots in comparatively dry ground, the contrast with the supposed
semiaquatic habits of the species presented a perplexing situation.
Chandler (1926) reports serious damage to carrots in Illinois by
this species and says that it is apparently single brooded in Illinois.
Using the name L. rudipennis Blatchley, Harris (1926) gives a re-
port of damage to carrots in Iowa by this species. A short discus-
sion of the life history is given, and there are brief descriptions of
the egg, adult, and habits of the adult. Harris states that there are
probably three generations a year, and that hibernation is apparently
in the adult stage.
Boyce (1927) discusses the serious damage caused to carrots by
this weevil in the market gardens on Long Island, New York. His
report of the life history covers one season’s study and is the most
comprehensive that has been published. For a detailed description
of the egg, larva, pupa, and adult, see page 816 of Boyce’s paper.
A discussion of the life history is given on pages 816 to 819. Boyce
(1927, pp. 814, 815, and 819) assumes that the species has changed
its host plant and oviposition habits, but this is not the case; the
previous records involving Sagittaria as a host plant, as has been
pointed out before, are based on another species of weevil. During
the course of the study, adults were reared from larvae taken from
carrot, wild carrot (Daucus carota L.), curled-leaved parsley, hy-
micha (Hamburg parsley, Apiwm petroselinum L.), and dill (Ane-
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 293
thum graveolens L.). Three generations with overlapping broods
were found to develop on Long Island.
Pepper and Hagmann (1938) report the carrot weevil as a pest
of celery in New Jersey. They found three generations a year de-
veloping on celery in New Jersey. A brief discussion of the life his-
tory is given. A study was made of the food plants of the weevil.
In addition to the plants mentioned by Boyce (1927), adults were
reared from larvae found in the following plants; celery (Apium
graveolens L.), broad-leaf plantain (Plantago major L.), and pa-
tience dock (Rumex patientia L.). The following is quoted from
Pepper and Hagmann (1938, p. 263): “Large numbers of arrow-
head plants (Sagittaria variabilis) which grow along the drainage
ditches in the celery fields were carefully dissected and no signs of
grubs or their injury were present in these plants. This is contrary
to the findings of Weed (1889) and others. Our survey, however,
does not prove that L. latiusculus never attacks the arrowhead
plant.” .
Although Pepper and Hagmann (1938) make the first report of
the carrot weevil causing damage to celery, I have seen specimens
from Kalamazoo, Mich., taken in May, 1934, which had been in-
juring newly set celery. Specimens reared from celery at Hacken-
sack, N. J., have also been examined.
There is another host plant to be recorded for L. oregonensis
(LeConte). Specimens have been examined from Biloxi, Miss., bear-
ing the Truck Crop Number 1159, which had been collected by M.
M. High on turnip. The extent of feeding or damage, if any, is not
known to me.
A specimen of L. oregonensis (LeConte) has been examined which
had been reared from carrot by Satterthwait at Webster Groves, Mo.
The species had been determined by him as L. sordidus (Gyllenhal)
and was recorded as such under the Webster Groves Number 20549.
Harris (1926, p. 495) says that although the adults possess well-
develeped wings and are apparently able to fly, no individual was
ever observed to attempt to do so, but when disturbed would fall to
the ground and lie motionless for a few moments before crawling
away. Boyce (1927, p. 819) says, “The beetles have never been ob-
served in flight although they have fully developed wings. An ex-
amination of their wings furnishes some evidence that they do not
fly except under the most favorable conditions, as the wings appear
to be inadequate to efficiently support in flight a body of such size.
A study of the infestations also indicates that they do not fly ac-
994 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
tively, since they were found only in carrots planted on soil that
was infested the previous year.” Pepper and Hagmann (1938, p.
264) say, “As reported by Boyce (1927) and others, the adults are
sluggish and invariably feign death when disturbed. There is no
record in the literature of beetles having been observed in flight;
however, the senior author has observed them on the wing. Four
specimens which flew in the windows of a moving automobile were
captured. Two adults were captured while in flight. From the
above observations they seem to be poor fliers. Although the beetles
fly, it is doubtful whether they migrate very far.” Specimens have
been seen which had been taken at light in New Jersey, District of
Columbia, Montana, and Louisiana. I have taken specimens at
Lawrence, Kan., which had flown to lights, but from what distance
they had come is not known.
A number of specimens of L. oregonensis (LeConte) have been
found in the stomach of Bufo americanus in the northern states and
of Bufo terrestris in the southern states, during the course of the food
habit studies conducted by the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Data on Distripution. This species has a rather general dis-
tribution over most of the United States. Specimens have not been
seen from the southwestern states, but the species may be present
there. Material has been examined from the following localities:
UNITED STATES
New Hampshire:
Exeter, N. H., V1.24.24.
Massachusetts:
Cambridge, Mass., S. Henshaw; Nantucket, Mass., VIII.21.26, C. W. John-
son Collector; Framingham, Mass., C. A. Frost; Chicopee, M., May 31, 95,
June 30, 95, and June 9.96; Chicopee, Mass.
Rhode Island:
Watch Hill, R. I., July 2, 1909, W. Robinson; Providence, R. I., I[V-21-12,
J. Nylen; Warwick, R. I., Mch. 24, 1900, E. E. Calder.
Connecticut :
Kent, Ct., VII-4-1925, C. A. Frost.
New York:
N. Y.; N. Y. City & vety.; Buffalo, N. Y.; West Point, N. Y., May 5, 1907
and May 21, 1910, W. Robinson; L. I.; Rochester, N. Y., 18 Je. ’82; Astoria,
L. I., Aug. 1923, in carrot; Valley Stream, N. Y., 7/8/30, Reared ex. larvae
in carrots; Long Beach, L. I., VI-16; Far Rockaway, L. I., 7/5/04; Babylon,
N. Y., June 21, 1892 and June 30, 1892, G. D.. Bradford; Charlotte, N. Y.,
20.V1.1907, J. L. Zabriskie; Baren Is., L. I., 4.VI1.1891, J. L. Zabriskie ; Olcott,
N. Y., 4-27-1924, VII.6.1921 and VII.10.1921, H. Dietrich; Moshalu, N. Y.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 295
New Jersey:
N. J.; Orange, N. J., Je. 5, Elec. light; No. Arlington, N. J., III-17; Slt.
Mdows, N. J.; Arlington, N. J., I[I-17; Arlington Mdws., N. J., I1J.20.1926, A.
Nicolay; Boonton, N. J., VI.6.01; Peermont, N. J., 6/28/96; Hackensack, N. J.,
1937, reared from Celery; “Upper” Montclair, N. J., V1.28.1924, A. Nicolay;
Woodbury, N. J., 5.22/96; Hopatcong, N. J.; Atlant. Cy., N. J., V-15, H. W.
Wenzel Collector.
Pennsylvania:
Frankford, Pa.; Philadelphia, Pa., 6.18.97; Roxborough, Pa., IV.23.10 and
V1.18.10; Hummelstn., Pa., VI-8, J. N. Knull Collector; Germant’n., Pa., V-31,
F. R. Mason; Bethlehem, Pa., IV.12.03, G. W. Caffrey Collector; Glenside, Pa.,
V1.17.06; Media, Pa., X11.24715, timothy, A. F. S.; Penn.
District of Columbia:
D. C.; Washington, D. C., VI-22-’23, J. R. Greeley Coll., at light; Washing-
ton, D. C., 6.28.16, M. T. Van Horn Collector, Collected on Parsely; Washetn.,
D. C., 15.10; Washgtn., D. C., Jul. 29-10, Bred from Carrot; Washington, D. C.,
5/30/95, Electric light; Washington, D. C., June, 93; Washington, D. C., 19
June, 95, Chittenden Collector.
Virginia:
Four Mile Run, Va., 29 July, 1902, at roots of parsley (Pratt); Four Mile
R., Va., Sept. 02, in roots of parsley; Falls Church, Va., VI.21.17; Rosslyn, Va.,
nr. Wash., D. C., Mar. 23, ’23, M. T. Van Horn Collector; Rosslyn, 18.3.1923,
H. 8. Barber.
West Virginia:
-W. Sulphur, W. Va., July 3.1912, W. Robinson.
North Carolina:
NEC!
Georgia:
St. Simons Island, Ga., 19-VII-1931, Quirsfeld.
Florida:
Fla.; Dunedin, Pinellas Co., Fla., III-17-1925; Dunedin, Fla., 1-20-17, W. S.
B. Coll.; Bell Glade, Fla., July, 1926, M. D. Leonard, Coll.; Brighton, Fla.,
Okeechobee, June 16, 1929, Darlington; Winter Park, Fla., 1.29.29; Paradise
Key, Fla., Mar. 9, H. Barber Collector; Sanford, Fla., Feb. 19-27, F. M.
Uhler; Belle Air, Fla.; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 1387; Lake Kissimmee,
Fla., Bufo 1434; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 2301; Enterprise, Fla.
Alabama:
Baldwin Co., Ala., H. P. Léding; Mobile Co., Ala., V.420, H. P. Léding;
Mobile Co., Ala, IV.9.18 and IX.28.18; Orchard, Ala., H. P. Léding; Magazine
Pt. Alay H. P: Doding. y
Louisiana:
La.; N. Orleans, La., 14/3; Gueydan, La., June 20, 1925, June 28, 1925, July
1, 1925, July 11, 1925, and VI, 25-26, 25, E. Kalmbach, at light.
Mississippr:
Biloxi, Miss., 5-6-36, M. M. High Coll., Truck Crop N. 1159, on turnip.
Kentucky:
Frankfort, Ky., 6.9.89.
296 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Ohio:
Cincinnatti, Oh., 14.V1.91; Springfield, O., 8.10.90; Put-in-Bay, O., Catamba
Isl., C. H. Kennedy Collector; Put-in-Bay, O., VII-7-35, J. N. Knull Coll.;
Put-in-Bay, O., VI-15-35, R. C. Osburn Coll.; Columbus, O., VII-20-35, J. N.
Knull Coll.; Franklin Co., O., VI-28-35, D. J. Horror Coll.; Summit Co., Ohio,
6-19-1937 and 9-1-1937, Louis J. Lipovsky.
Indiana:
Ind.; Wolf Lake, Ind., VI.11.11, Col. by A. B. Wolcott.
Illinois:
N. Ill.; N. Ill., Webster; Cook Co., Ill., Col. & pres. by E. B. Chope; W.
Pullman, Ill., V.10.03, Col. by W. J. Gerhard; Chicago, IIl., VI.14 and VII.13,
Col. & pres. by W. J. Gerhard; Chicago, Ill., VI-6-18; Summit, IIl., Jun. 16, 06;
Oregon, Ill., VII.8.05; Riverside, Ill., V1.8.13.
Michigan:
Detroit, Jun.; Detroit, Mich.; Kalamazoo, Mich., May, 1934, injuring newly
set celery; Washtenaw Co., Mich., VI-11-1921, M. H. Hatch; Washtenaw Co.,
Mich., Botan. gardens, Ann Arbor, VI-11-1919, T. H. Hubbell; Marquette,
Mich., 27.6, 28.6, 4.7, 6.7, 7.7, and 14.7; Harbert, Mich., Bufo am. 1984; Berrien
Co., Mich., VII.11, T. H. Hubbell; Schoolcraft Co., Floodwood, Mich., July 21,
1915, A. W. Andrews.
Wisconsin:
Cranmoor, Wis., VI.18.10, C. W. Hooker Collector; Bayfid., Wis., Wickham ;
Beaver Dam, Wis., V.26.1912, W. E. Snyder.
Towa:
Burlington, Iowa, July 18, 1925, H. M. Harris, on carrot; Burlington, Ia.,
17.7.25, C. J. Drake, injuring carrots; Iowa City, Wickham; Ames, Iowa, 9
June, 1924; Spirit L., Ia., J. H. B.; Lake Okoboji, Ia., 7-3-’'16 and VI-27-’16,
L. Buchanan; Lake Okoboji, Ia., June 26, 1917 and July 10, 1917, L. L. Bu-
chanan; Lake Okoboji, Ia., VII-4-’16, Briggs; Lake Okoboji, Ia., VII-1-716,
Stoner; Ames, Iowa, V-27-’13, D. Stoner; Iowa, Bufo 2052; Milford, Ia., Bufo
am. 1997.
Kansas:
Topeka, Ks., Popenoe; Ks., 4.15.73; Topeka, Kans., Je., Popenoe; Topeka,
Kans.; Kans.; Lawrence, Kansas, 5-24-33, L. S. Henderson, trap light; Law-
rence, Kansas, 5-17-34, L. S. Henderson, At light; Lawrence, Kansas, 7-11-33,
M. W. Sanderson, At Light; Doug. Co., Ks., 5-26-34, C. M. Amyx.
Missouri:
vic’y., St. Joseph, Missouri, Feeding on Carrot; Webster Groves, Mo.,
6.18.20, Reared from lv. in Carrot, Issued VII.1.20, Webster Grvs. No. 20549,
Satterthwait Collector; Onyx, Mo., IX.
Oklahoma:
Delaware Co., Okla., July 11, 1931, Costher & Davis.
North Dakota:
Mooreton, N. Dak., VII-24; University, N. D., June 15,96, R. P. Currie
Collector.
South Dakota:
Brookings, 8. D.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 29
Montana:
Poplar, Mont., July 13, 1922, C. C. Sperry Collector, Electric Light.
Idaho:
Coer d’Alene, Idaho, June, Wickham.
Oregon:
Portland, Oreg.
CANADA
Quebec:
St. Hilaire, Que., VI.34, G. Chagnon; Berthierville, P. Q., VI-30-21; Mt. St.
Hilaire, Que., VI.09.
Ontario:
E. Ont.; Belleville, Ont., Can.; Trenton, Ont. Can., 25.6.01, Evans, at light;
Trenton, Ont. Can., 22.VI.08, Evans.
Manitoba:
Aweme, Manitoba, VI.18.09 and VI.23.12, Criddle; Winnipeg, Man.; Husa-
vick, Manitoba, VI23.12, N. Criddle; Darlinglord, Man., 3.VIII.1923, N.
Criddle.
Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte)
subspecies tessellatus Casey 1895
1895. Listronotus tessellatus Casey, Coleop. Notices VI, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sci., VIII, p. 828.
1920. Listronotus tessellatus Casey. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 316.
1931. Listronotus tessellatus Casey. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 13.
OricinaL Description. “Elongate-oval, strongly convex, black,
the tibiae, tarsi, and antennae rufo-piceous; scales very dense,
rounded and with radiating strigosity, only slightly larger on the
pronotum but more distinct, cinereous-white in color with two large
transverse areas of black at the base of the pronotum and two
smaller and feebiler at the middle, the elytra with numerous isolated
or partially anastomosing black spots throughout the extent; head
densely, the beak more sparsely clothed with short, narrow squam-
ules. Head three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, without a fovea but
with a rounded spot of pale scales between the eyes, the latter re-
motely separated; beak short and stout, not as long as the prothorax,
bent downward and feebly dilated toward tip, finely, densely, ru-
gosely punctate, with a single fine and feeble dorsal carinula; an-
tennae rather short and thick, inserted at outer third or fourth, the
second funicular joint not quite twice as long as the first and but
slightly longer than the next three, the third longer than the fourth.
Prothorax small, slightly wider than long, the sides arcuate; apex
truncate, more than three-fourths as wide as the base, which is but
feebly arcuate-truneate; ocular lobes moderately developed; disk
evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture with a small
298 THE UNIvEersIty ScIENCE BULLETIN
suberect stout hair. Seutellum small, not conspicuous. Elytra one-
half longer than wide, scarcely three times as long as the prothorax
and one-half to nearly two-thirds wider, parallel and straight at the
sides, gradually obtusely rounded behind, humeri rounded to the
prothorax, exposed at base; subapical umbones obsolete; disk finely
striate, the striae very finely, scarcely distinctly punctate, the
intervals feebly convex, finely, sparsely punctate, each puncture
bearing a stout erect and strigilate hair. Abdomen thinly clothed
with short, stout hairs, squamose toward the sides, strongly and
closely punctate; legs moderately long, the femora more densely
squamose and swollen distally but narrowed near the tip; hairs
short, erect and sparse. Length, 5.3-6.5 mm.; width, 2.25-2.85 mm.
“Colorado (Denver). Mr. Hugo Soltau.
“A small but distinet species, quite conspicuous in maculation;
it was taken by Mr. Soltau in considerable numbers. It may be
placed near rotundicollis in the arrangement recently proposed by
LeConte (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 128).”
ADDITIONAL Description. Length, 5 to 7 mm. The relative
amount of the light and dark scales varies to a considerable extent.
Some examples are found in which the light scales on the prothorax
form a narrow median vitta and broader lateral markings, with the
greater part of the disk covered by two broad, longitudinal bands
of black seales. Other specimens have been seen which had the entire
prothorax covered with light scales, with the exception of a very
small patch of dark scales on each side of the middle at the base.
All degrees of development of the dark bands have been observed
between the two conditions represented by the extremes which have
been described. The darker forms are predominant, and the ob-
literation of the dark bands begins at the apex of the prothorax and
progresses toward the base. Beak with a median carina which may
sometimes be very prominent and sharp; lateral carinae sometimes
slightly evident; equal in length to the prothorax. Head very
densely, coarsely, and rugosely punctate; frontal fovea rather deep,
and covered with a small spot of rounded light-colored scales which
contrast strongly with the shining black surface of the beak and ~
the slender setae of the head and beak. Third segment of funicle of
antennae only very slightly, if any, longer than the fourth. Pro-
thorax one-fifth to one-fourth wider than long; sides usually rather
strongly rounded, slightly constricted at apex, broader at base than
apex; disk convex, often with a feeble median sulcus, and usually
slightly constricted just before the apex; disk thickly clothed with
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 299
scales which are very slightly larger than those of elytra; surface
more finely and densely punctate and granulate than in L. oregon-
ensis (LeConte). Male with all of median portion of third ab-
dominal sternum and basal part of fourth sternum concave. Female
with third and fourth sterna flat; seventh sternum unmodified.
Nores on Types. The type of L. tessellatus Casey has been ex-
amined. It is a female labeled ““Denv., Col.” and is located in the
Casey collection in the United States National Museum. There are
also six paratypes which bear the same label. There is another
specimen labeled “Cheyenne, Wyo., 4/19.89,’ which has been de-
termined by Casey as tessellatus.
REMARKS AND ComparaTIVE Notes. L. tessellatus Casey is treated
here as a subspecies of L. oregonensis (LeConte). The subspecies
differs from the species mainly in the color of the body and scales.
The body is nearly black and the scales lack all cupreous tinge, be-
ing either black or dirty white. The beak is a little stouter and
more convex on the upper surface, giving it the appearance of being
bent downward at the tip. The median carina of the beak is more
prominent and the basal portion of the beak and the front of the
head are more densely, deeply, and rugosely punctate than in L.
oregonensis (LeConte). The eighth sternum of the female and the
genitalia of the male are the same in the subspecies as in the species.
Data on DistrrputTion. This subspecies has a very interesting
distribution. I have seen specimens from six localities, extending
from Denver, Colorado, to Medicine Hat, Alberta. These six points
are all just east of the continental divide, and a line drawn through
these points curves westward as it extends north, the curve corre-
sponding almost exactly to that of the continental divide. Speci-
mens have been examined as follows:
UNITED STATES
Colorado:
Denver, Col., 8.4.93; Denver, Colo., 7/4; Denver, Col., 10.6, 2/10, 6.10
and 23/10.
Wyoming:
Cheyenne, Wyo., 4/19.89 and 20.4.89; Sheridan, Wyo., IX; Platte Co.,
Wyoming, Chugwater, El. 6,100 ft., VII-25-1926, Huntington.
Montana: :
Assinbne., Mont., 24.8.
CANADA
Alberta:
Medicine Hat, Alta., IIT.25.1923 and III-29-28, F. S. Carr; Medicine Hat,
Alberta, Canada, III-4-1925, F. S. Carr.
300 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Listronotus elegans Van Dyke 1929
(Plate XXXVII, fig. 10)
1929. Listronotus elegans Van Dyke, Pan-Pacific Entomologist, V., p. 107.
1931. Listronotus elegans Van Dyke. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1933. Listronotus elegans Van Dyke. Leng and Mutchler, Second Supplement to Catalogue
of Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico, p. 49.
OricgINAL Description. ‘Elongate, subparallel; piceous, upper
part of head, prothorax and elytra densely clothed with metallic
scales, the underside of head, afterbody and legs less densely cov-
ered, scales of the base of head, pronotum and elytra golden brown
except for two linear patches at the side of pronotum posteriorly,
and most of the fourth, fifth and sixth elytral intervals, which are
silvery green, the scales of beak, legs and underside of body greenish.
Beak robust, moderately convex above, nonsulecate and without
carinae except at times a faint median one near apex, a well marked
though small fovea on the front between the eyes, the scales of head
slightly elongate; antennae with the funicle moderately slender, the
third and following segments rounded, subequal, second one and a
half times as long as first. Prothorax barely broader than long, ocu-
lar lobes but moderately prominent, sides arcuate, slightly con-
stricted near apex, disk densely and coarsely though shallowly punc-
tured, in fresh specimens entirely concealed by the scales, the scales
but very little larger than those of the elytra. Elytra less than
twice as long as broad, broadly emarginate at base, sides parallel
from rounded humeri to apical fourth, thence broadly rounded to
suture; striae and strial punctures fine; intervals wide and flat; setae
fine and short, though conspicuous especially on apical declivity.
Length, including beak, 6.5 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm.
“Holotype (No. 2508 Mus. Calif. Acad. Sci.) and one paratype in
my collection, taken near Sobre Vista, Sonoma county, Califernia,
May 8, 1910, and April 30, 1910, by Mr. J. August Kusche.
“This very attractive species, like the preceding, belongs in Le-
Conte’s second group and should be placed somewhere near Listrono-
tus teretirostris Lec., the smaller specimens of which it equals in size
and also resembles in its robustness and general parallel form. It
differs from this in coloration, in lacking the evident rostral carinae,
in having a broader prothorax, the elytral apices more suddenly and
broadly rounded and the elytral striae and strial punctures finer. I
believe that there is no marked difference between the sexes.”
AppitionaL Description. Length, 5.7 mm. Beak about the same
length as the prothorax. Prothorax finely granulate-punctuate;
scales of disk narrower than those on sides. Ventral surface very
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 301
finely and densely punctate; thickly clothed with setae. Female
with third abdominal sternum slightly concave in median portion of
posterior half; seventh sternum unmodified.
Notes on Types. The paratype of L. elegans Van Dyke has been
examined. It is a female collected at Sobre Vista, Sonoma county.
Cal., April 30, 1910, and was loaned to me from the collection of the
author. The holotype is in the Museum of the California Academy
of Science.
REMARKS AND CompPaRATIVE Notes. The single female paratype
is the only specimen of this very distinct species which I have seen.
Data on Distripution. Known only from California.
Lastronotus nebulosus LeConte 1876
(Plate XXXII, fig. 4; Plate XXXVI, fig. 8)
1876. Listrontous nebulosus LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV, p. 133.
1876. Listronotus sulcirostris LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soe., Vol. XV, p. 132.
1877. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Popenoe, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., Vol. V, p. 39.
1878. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Popenoe, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., Vol. WI, p. 85.
1885. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte, Townsend, Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 72.
1893. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Beutennmiller, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 1, p. 40.
1903. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Ulke, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, p. 33.
1906. Listronotus sulcirostris LeConte. Evans, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXVIII, p. 100. (Name
probably cited in error.)
1910. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
1916. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North East-
ern America, p. 159.
1916. Listronotus sulcirostris LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 158. (Probably refers to L. frontalis Lec.)
1920. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1920. Listronotus sulcirostris LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1931. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12. ;
1931. Listronotus sulcirostris LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopteroruim
Catalogue, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars. 114, p. 12.
1937. Listronotus nebulosus LeConte. Bleasdell, Iowa St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI, No. 4,
p. 416.
OriGINAL Description. “Elongate, blackish, clothed with scales,
mottled brown and dark, on the head with a metallic lustre. Beak
feebly carinate and sulcate as usual. Prothorax longer than wide,
sides feebly rounded for two-thirds the length, then more rounded
to the tip; scales small, a bifurcated lateral vitta, and an interrupted
dorsal line paler; punctures dense and deep. Elytra about one-
fourth wider than the prothorax, strongly emarginate at base, humeri
oblique, slightly rounded; striae strongly punctured, interspaces wide
and flat. Thighs with a pale band. Length, 9.5 mm.; .375 inch.
“Female. Last ventral slightly impressed; elytra conjointly
rounded at tip.
302 Tue UNtIversiry ScreENCcE BULLETIN
“One female, Missouri. Easily recognized by the elongate form
and mottled color.”
AppITIONAL Description. Length, 6.5 to 9mm. Beak stout,
thick, slightly curved on upper side; slightly shorter than prothorax;
a little shorter and thicker in the male than in the female; usually
with a very sharp, smooth median carina; lateral carinae sometimes
rather prominent; upper surface densely rugulosely punctate, clothed
with a few narrow scales and slender setae. Antennae stout; second
segment of funicle about one-half longer than first; third segment of
funicle nearly rounded, not elongate. Head convex, densely punc-
tate, clothed with slender setae; frontal fovea usually rather deep,
with a small patch of rounded scales. Prothorax as wide as long,
not longer than wide, as is stated in the original description; ocular
lobes moderately developed; sides broadly rounded, widest at middle,
slightly wider at base than at apex; disk densely punctate; a number
of scattered punctures are much larger and deeper, and bear short,
slender setae instead of rounded scales as do the other punctures.
Legs stout. Ventral surface moderately punctate, large and small
punctures intermixed; sparsely clothed with small scales, except
median part of seventh abdominal sternum. Male with basal portion
of third abdominal sternum slightly depressed; seventh sternum
slightly convex, more densely and finely punctate than the other
sterna. Female with seventh sternum very densely and finely,
slightly rugulosely punctate; a transverse concave preapical area.
Nores oN SynonyMy. An examination of LeConte’s types shows
that L. nebulosus LeConte and L. sulcirostris LeConte are both the
same species. Both species were described in 1876 in the same paper,
but L. sulcirostris LeConte appears on page 132 and L. nebulosus
LeConte on page 133, giving the former name page priority. L.
nebulosus LeConte, however, is the name which is in common usuage.
The type specimen is also more typical of the species than are the
two types of L. sulcirostris LeConte, which are abraded and represent
extremes of variation found within the species. For these reasons
the matter of page preference is being disregarded; L. nebulosus
LeConte is retained as the name of the species, and L. sulcirostris is
made the synonym.
_Nores on Types. The type of L. nebulosus LeConte bears a yel-
low disk indicating the “western states,’ and the original descrip-
tion gives Missouri as the locality. The specimen is a female, and is
very typical of the species.
The types of L. sulcirostris LeConte, a female and.a male, bear
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 303
orange disks indicating the “southern states,’ Georgia being the
locality given in the original description. These specimens have
the lateral carinae of the beak rather prominent, but an examination
of a number of specimens of L. nebulosus LeConte will show that
this is not an uncommon variation within the species. The female
type of L. sulcirostris LeConte has the seventh sternum of the ab-
domen more strongly impressed than the average condition found in
the species.
The types of L. nebulosus LeConte and L. sulcirostris LeConte are
in the LeConte collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Harvard College.
BrotocicaL Norres. Popenoe (1878) stated that this species oc-
curred at Topeka, Kan., with L. caudatus (Say) on Sagittaria. This
record is probably based on a misdetermination, for I have seen a
male specimen of L. caudatus (Say) from Topeka, Kan., which had
been determined by LeConte as L. nebulosus LeConte. Since the
species actually does occur in this locality, the erroneous record of
locality 1s inconsequential, but we must regard as questionable the
record of the occurrence of L. nebulosus LeConte on Sagittaria.
Townsend (1885) records the species as being quite numerous in
Louisiana with L. twberosus LeConte, L. callosus LeConte, and L.
frontalis LeConte, beneath old railroad ties on the ground and under
pieces of wood in dry places during the first part of April.
The species was found hibernating under a pecan log in Victoria
county, Texas, on February 3, by J. B. Mitchell.
L. nebulosus LeConte is frequently taken at light.
Data on Distripution. The range of this species seems to be
limited mostly to the central states, extending from Texas and
Louisiana, northward to Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. I have
examined specimens from the following localities:
Lowsiana:
La.; New Orleans, La., 14/3, 6/6, 10/6, 18/10; Gueydan, La., May 29, June
14, and July 11, 1925, E. Kalmbach, at light.
Indiana:
Ind.; Lake Co., Ind., 7-27-97, W.S. B.
Illinois:
Ill.
Wisconsin:
Wise.
Towa:
Iowa City, Iowa, E. J. Bashe Collector; Iowa City, Wickham.
Nebraska:
Neb. City, Nebraska, Shimek.
304 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Kansas:
Ks.; Kan.; Kans.; Topeka, Kansas, July 8; Douglas Co., Kans., F. H.
Snow; Kan., T. B. A.; Lawrence, Kansas, 7-21-33, M. W. Sanderson, at light.
Missouri:
Mo.
Oklahoma:
Okmulgee, I. T., Je.24, J. D. Mitchell Collector, at light.
Texas:
Tex.; Calletto er. bottom, Victoria Co., Tex., 11-38-12, J. D. Mitchell Collec-
tor, hibernating under pecan log; Gregory, Tex., June 8, 704, at light; Browns-
ville, Tex., Nov. 21-1910, at light; Waco, Tex., Bufo. No. 2080.
Listronotus similis new species
(Plate XXXVI, fig. 1)
Length,6to10mm. Elongate-oblong. Black to piceous. Covered
with dark brown and light seales, the light ones sometimes with a
faint pearly lustre; scales somewhat larger on the prothorax and
slightly imbricated on the elytra; arrangement of the light scales
variable but usually with indistinct lateral vittae on the prothorax
and a humeral spot on the elytra, with varied amounts of pale
scales scattered over the elytra. Beak short, stout, shorter than the
prothorax; median carina strongly elevated, smooth, shining; punc-
turation coarse and deep. Antennae stout, thicker than in any of
the closely related species; second segment of funicle about one-
half longer than the first, third segment rounded, fourth to seventh
segments stout, the outer segments slightly transverse. Head densely
punctate, more coarsely so between the eyes, each puncture bearing
a small seta; frontal fovea deep, covered with a small patch of large,
light-colored seales. Prothorax slightly wider than long; ocular
lobes moderately developed; sides of prothorax evenly and rather
strongly rounded; disk coarsely and rather densely punctate, each
puncture just covered by a scale, a few scattered punctures larger
and bearing short, slender setae instead of scales. Scutellwm slightly
elongate, densely covered with tiny light-colored setae. Hlytra
rather deeply emarginate at base; humeri right-angulate; sides
gradually narrowed from the base to the apical fourth, then strongly
curved to the conjointly rounded apices; striae only very slightly
impressed, the punctures moderately coarse and not deep; intervals
nearly flat, smooth, the setae inconspicuous on the disk, longer and
stouter on the declivity; subapical umbones obsolete. Legs stout,
especially the femora, which are strongly clavate; tibiae slightly
enlarged at apex; apical mucrones of tibiae moderately long, those
on the front tibiae of both sexes with a small acute tooth at the
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 305
base; hind tibiae, especially of the male, with a rather dense brush
of yellowish hairs along the inner margin of the apical half. Male
with the third (first visible) abdominal sternum slightly concave at
the middle; third and fourth (first and second visible) abdominal
sterna coarsely punctate, most of the punctures bearing large scales,
a few punctures on the sides, more on the median part of the
sclerites, bearing very slender scales or setae; fifth to seventh
(third to fifth visible) sterna very finely and densely punctate,
clothed only with short slender setae; seventh sternum strongly
convex. Female with third (first visible) abdominal sternum very
shghtly convex at the middle; all of the abdominal sterna with
broad scales only at the middle; seventh (fifth visible) sternum
with punctures smaller and more closely placed, very finely and
densely punctate at the extreme apex; seventh sternum with a dis-
tinct transverse subapical impression.
Notes oN Types. Holotype male and allotype female, “Browns-
v’le, Tex., VI, 11-16, 383, Darlington.”’ Eight paratypes as follows:
3 males, “Brownsv’le, Tex., VI, 11-16, 733, Darlington”; 1 male,
“Brownsville, Tex., VI-25-08”; 1 male, “Kingsville, Texas, C. T.
Reed”; 1 male, “Dickinson, Tex., 5-20, 1935”; 2 males, “So. Texas,
May, 1910.”
Holotype and allotype in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy at
Harvard College. Paratypes in the Museum of Comparative Zo-
ology, the United States National Museum, the Francis Huntington
Snow Entomological Collections at the University of Kansas, and in
the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey and at College
Station, Texas.
REMARKS AND CompPArRATIVE Notes. This species is extremely
closely related to L. nebulosus LeConte. The internal genitalia of
the males of the two species, although quite distinct, are very similar
and clearly demonstrate the close relationship. From a study of the
allotype, which is the only female of this species that I have seen, it
is impossible to distinguish any significant difference in the eighth
sterna of the females of the two species. It is possible that with
more specimens available some distinguishing characters could be
detected.
Because of the difference in the male genitalia the separation of
males of L. similis n. sp. and L. nebulosus LeConte is easily made
from dissections. Separation of the two species is not so easy on the
basis of external characters. Because of the close relationship and
the natural variation within a species, the use of any one character
20—2181
306 Tue UNIvERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
may not always be sufficient to definitely separate the two species.
A combination of characters has been worked out, however, which
will serve to separate them. In an examination of the specimens at
hand, L. similis n. sp. has been found to have a small acute tooth
at the base of the apical mucro of the front tibia in both the male
and the female. This tooth is absent in L. nebulosus LeConte. The
prothorax of L. similis n. sp. is usually slightly wider than long and
has the sides rather strongly rounded. The prothorax has the ap-
pearance of being wider and larger than in L. nebulosus LeConte,
where it has the sides more broadly rounded. In L. nebulosus Le-
Conte the prothorax is as long as wide, or sometimes slightly longer
than wide. In L. similis n. sp. the width of the beak at the point of
insertion of the antennae is more than nine-tenths of the width of
the interocular space directly across the center of the frontal fovea.
The beaks of the males are usually wider than those of the females,
and in some males the two measurements just described have been
equal. In L. nebulosus LeConte the width of the beak at the point
of insertion of the antennae is usually less than nine-tenths of the
width of the interocular space across the center of the frontal fovea.
In comparing the two species L. stmilis n. sp. appears to have stouter
antennae, as well as shorter, heavier legs, with more strongly clavate
femora.
Data on DistrrputTion. Known only from the southern part of
Texas, usually along the coastal region.
Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman) 1842
(Plate XXXIII, fig. 2; Plate XXXVI, fig. 3)
1842. Listroderes appendiculatus Boheman, in Schdnherr, Genera et Species Cureulionidum,
VI, 2, p. 192.
1853. Listroderes appendiculatus Schonherr. Melsheimer, Catalogue of the described
Coleoptera of the United States, p. 95.
1871. Listroderes appendiculatus Boheman. Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus Coleop-
terorum, VIII, p. 2359.
1873. Listroderes appendiculatus Boheman. Crotch, Check List of the Coleoptera of
America, North of Mexico, p. 118.
1876. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. XV,
p. 132.
1881. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Snow, Trans. Kan. Aca. Sci., Vol. VII,
p. 79.
1890. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Beutenmiiller, Can. Ent., Vol. XXII, p. 200.
1893. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Beutenmiiller, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. I,
p. 40.
1894. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Webster, Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull., No.
58, p. 29, fig.
1894. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Webster, The Ohio Farmer, p. 97, 1 fig.
1894. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Webster, Insect Life, Vol. VII, p. 206.
1895. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Hamilton, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII,
p. 344.
1903. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Ulke, Proc. U. S. N. M., XXV, p. 33.
1910. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Smith, Insects of New Jersey, p. 382.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 307
1916. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of
North Eastern America, p. 160.
1916. Listronotus floridensis Blatchley, in Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North
Eastern America, p. 160.
1919. Listronotus floridensis Blatchley. Blatchley, Can. Ent. Vol. LI, p. 68.
1920. Listronotus floridensis Blatchley. Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVIII,
p. 163.
1920. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Amer-
ica, North of Mexico, p. 316.
1920. Listronotus floridensis Blatchley. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America,
North of Mexico, p. 317.
1925. Listronetus appendiculatus (Boheman). Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XX XIII.
p- 92.
1926. Listronotus iewcozonatus Chittenden, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXXIV, p. 92.
1928. Listronotus leucozonatus Chittenden. Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXVI, p. 241.
1928. Listronetus floridensis Blatchley. Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXXVI, p. 242.
1928. Listronetus appendiculatus (Boheman). Leng, Cornell Univ. Agri. Exp. Sta.,
Memoir 101, p. 495.
1929. Listronetus impressus Van Dyke, Pan-Pacific Entomologist, V, p. 106.
1931. Listrenotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleop-
terorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1931. Listronotus floridensis Blatchley. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1931. Listronotus leucozonatus Chittenden. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleop-
terorum Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
1931. Listronotus impressus Van Dyke. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
1933. Listronotus leucozonatus Chittenden. Leng and Mutchler, Second Supplement to
Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico, p. 49.
1937. Listronotus appendiculatus (Boheman). Bleasdell, Ia. St. Coll. Jr. Sci., Vol. XI,
No. 4. p. 416.
OrIGINAL Description. “Oblongus, piceus, dense griseosquamosus,
antennis pedibusque ferrugineis, rostro crassiusculo, medio obsolete
uni-carinato; thorace confertim punctulato; elytris obsolete punc-
tato-striatis, interstitiis sub-setosis, apice spina incurva auctis.
“Patria: Pensylvania orientalis. A Dom. Zimmermann Benevole
communicatus. Mus. Schh.
“Magnitudo Phytonomi suspiciosi. Caput rotundatum, convexum,
confertim punctulatum, piceum, squamulis parvis, rotundatis, fusco-
cupreis vestitum; oculi laterales, oblongi, nigri, haud prominuli;
rostrum thorace vix longius, validum, parum arcuatum, confertim
punctulatum, in medio obsolete et tenue carinatum, indumento
capitis. Antennae ad apicem rostri insertae, longiusculae, ferrugineo-
piceae, parce pilosae, clava ovata, acuminata. Thorax latitudine
media longior, apice late et profunde emarginatus, lobis ocularibus
valde productis, obtuse rotundatis intra apicem leviter constrictus
et transversim impressus, lateribus nonnihil rotundato-ampliatus,
basi parum profunde bi-sinuatus, supra modice convexus, confertim
punctatus, dorso carinula antice posticeque abbreviata, valde
obsoleta instructus; obscure ferrugineus, dorso parcius lateribus et
subtus squamositate densa, grisea, tectus. Scutellum rotundatum,
308 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
griseo-squamosum. Elytra oblonga, antice conjunctim _leviter
emarginata, thoracis basi dimidio latiora, pone basin rotundato-
ampliata, humeris parum elevatis, versus apicem attenuata, apice
singulatim spina brevi, valida, incurva, aucta, thorace quadruplo
longiora, supra modice convexa, obsolete punctato-striata, inter-
stitiis sub-planis; picea, squamositate densa grisea tecta, setulisque
brevibus adspersa; intra apicem singuli elytri callus parum elevatus
observatur. Pygidium occultatum. Corpus subtus confertim punc-
tatum, piceo-ferrugineum, squamulis sub-cupreo-micantibus parce
adspersum, segmentum anale ventris apice truncatum. Pedes
mediocres, validi, ferruginei, parce cinereo-squamulosi; femoribus
clavatis, muticis; tibils teretibus, sub-rectis; tarsis modice dilatatis,
subtus brunneo-spongiosis.—Bhn.”’
AppITIONAL Description. Length, 4.2 to7 mm. Elongate-oblong.
Color reddish-brown, elytra usually with small, black markings
near the middle on the second and third intervals, sometimes ex-
tending obliquely forward to the humeri. Rather thinly clothed
with small testaceous scales which may become imbricated on the
posterior half of the elytra. A narrow median and a broader ir-
regular sublateral vitta on the disk of the prothorax of lighter
scales. Posterior third of elytra often thickly clothed with the
same lighter scales, or sometimes the lighter marking confined to a
spot at the beginning of the declivity between the third or fourth
intervals, the declivity beimg covered with darker scales. Beak
moderately thick, slightly curved on upper surface; slightly longer
than prothorax; median carina fine, sometimes obsolete except at
apex; sometimes with portion of beak between lateral carinae
slightly concave to point of insertion of antennae; upper surface
finely punctate, thinly clothed with very narrow scales. Head con-
vex, densely punctate, clothed with very narrow scales; frontal
fovea distinct. Antennae moderately stout; second segment of
funicle nearly twice as long as first; third to seventh segments
rounded. Prothorax slightly wider than long; ocular lobes promi-
nent; sides slightly rounded, somewhat constricted at apex; disk
densely and moderately coarsely punctate; scales larger than those
of elytra, with a few narrow scales intermixed; disk sometimes with
a fine median carina which may, however, sometimes be rather
prominent; this carina abbreviated at base and apex. Scutellum
slightly elongate. Elytra slightly arcuate at base; humeri rounded;
striae fine, their punctures coarse and close-set; first two intervals
depressed around scutellum, the strial punctures very coarse in this
region; intervals flat or very slightly convex; setae very short, not
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 309
conspicuous. Ventral surface with metathoracic sternum and third
and fourth abdominal sterna usually black or rufo-piceus; densely,
moderately punctate; partially clothed with slender setae except for
a few rounded scales on the sides of the metathoracic sternum and
third and fourth abdominal sterna. Male with third and fourth
abdominal sterna broadly concave at middle; elytra conjointly
rounded. Female with third and fourth abdominal sterna convex;
seventh sternum unmodified; tips of elytra normally prolonged into
short, slender, parallel, cylindrical processes. The processes of the
elytra are variable in their extent of development, sometimes being
very short and occasionally entirely absent.
Notes on Synonymy. This species has a wide distribution and
displays a great deal of variation. Several synonyms have been
created as a result of this variation. Listronotus floridensis Blatch-
ley, Listronotus leucozonatus Chittenden, and Listronotus impressus
Van Dyke are now to be considered as synonyms of Listronotus
appendiculatus (Boheman). Type material of all these names has
been studied. The conclusions in regard to synonymy have been
formed only after careful examination of the types and long series
of specimens. A very few individuals can be segregated into what
might appear at first to be different species. By studying additional
specimens, however, intermediate forms are found, and it is im-
possible to find any character or set of characters which will serve
to separate even the majority of the specimens into groups.
Notes on Types. The type of L. appendiculatus (Boheman) is
in the museum at Stockholm, Sweden, and has been exanimed. It
is a female and was collected in Pennsylvania.
The type specimen and type series of L. floridensis Blatchley have
been examined. These specimens are in the Blatchley collection at
Purdue University.
The type and several paratypes of L. leucozonatos Chittenden
have been examined. These specimens are in the United States
National Museum.
Through the kindness of Dr. E. C. Van Dyke I have been supplied
with a female paratype of L. impressus Van Dyke, which is to be
deposited in the Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Collections
at the University of Kansas. Another female paratype has been ex-
amined in the United States National Museum. The type and
other paratypes are in the Museum of the California Academy of
Science.
REMARKS AND CoMPARATIVE Notes. An indication of the amount
of variation found within this species has already been given. The
310 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
variation in the tips of the female elytra is comparable to the situa-
tion found in L. squamiger (Say), except that there the elytra are
usually rounded, while in L. appendiculatus (Boheman) they are
usually prolonged into short processes.
There is also some variation in the amount of black found on the
elytra and on the ventral surface. A series of specimens from
Creston, British Columbia, has a great deal of black marking on
the body. One specimen has the black fascia of the disk of the
elytra extending laterally to the sixth intervals; has a black bar
along the median third of the elytra on the seventh and eighth in-
tervals; and has the greater part of the abdominal sterna black.
BrotoaicaL Norrs. Beutenmiiller (1890 and 1893) gives the fol-
lowing note concerning this species; “Mr. F. M. Chittenden found
L. tuberosus, L. caudatus and L. appendiculatus while sweeping a
small patch of aquatic plants composed ‘entirely of Sagittaria and a
species of Carex. L. appendiculatus, it is said, was found by Mr.
William Julich breeding in the lower parts of the stems of some
species of reed.” Webster (1894) recorded it as attacking cabbage
in Ohio, gouging out cavities in the stems of young plants and
later attacking the bases of the larger leaves. Smith (1910) records
this species from New Jersey, stating that it was commonly taken in
winter by sifting. Blatchley (1919), using the name L. floridensis
Blatchley, records the species as having been taken in numbers on
March 2, from flowers of Sagittaria. Blatchley (1928), again using
the name L. floridensis Blatchley, says, “This has proved to be a
common species throughout southern Florida, scores having been
taken at Royal Palm Park in April on flowers of arrowhead along
the margins of the everglades.” The specimens described by Van
Dyke (1929) were taken from rice paddies in California.
The species has been taken in August at Waldoboro, Maine, on
Sagittaria latifolia: It was bred from Sagittaria by Criddle at
Treesbank, Manitoba. At Creston, British Columbia, it was taken
on Sagittaria arifolia and on flood debris, the altitude being given as
1,750 feet. It was taken on Chelone glabra by D. H. Blake at
Stoughton, Mass. It was taken on Nelumbo in Texas on May 17,
1906, by F. C. Pratt, and had been determined by W. D. Pierce as
L. latiusculus (Boh.). Darlington found it in late March at Arling-
ton, Massachusetts, in moss roots. It has been taken in Louisiana
and the District of Columbia at light.
Data on Disrripution. L. appendiculatus (Boheman) has a
wide distribution, being found in Canada from Quebec to British
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS ale
Columbia and in the United States throughout all the eastern and
central, and part of the western states. The lack of records from
the western states may be due to lack of material from that region
rather than the absence of the species, since it has been seen from
Wyoming, British Columbia, and California. Specimens examined
were as follows:
UNITED STATES
Maine:
Portland, Me., IX-’02; Portland, Me., [X-17-25; Waldoboro, Me., Aug., on
flws. of Sagittaria latifolia.
New Hampshire:
Rumney, N. H., 18-VII-1930, Quirsfeld.
Massachusetts:
Mass.; Dorchester, Mass., Jul. 9, 1903, Jul. 11, 1903, Jul. 25, 1903; Brookline,
Mass.; Chicopee, Mass., July 13, 96 and July 22, 96; Stoughton, Mass., D. H.
Blake, Collected on Chelone glabra; Berlin, Mass., VIII-4-1935, C. A. Frost;
Tyngsboro, Ms.; Low., Mass.; Northfield, Mass., Aug. 30.98; Arlington, Mass.,
III-26-26, Darlington, moss roots.
Connecticut:
Hamden, Ct., 25 Sept. 1921, B. H. Walden.
New York:
N. Y.; New York, N. Y.; N. Y. City & vety.; Warren Co., N. Y., 8.8.91;
Ithaca, N. Y.; Ithaca, N. Y., Chittenden Collector; Ithaca, N. Y., July 1/84;
Ithaca, N. Y., 24 Mar. 97; Ithaca, N. Y., 27 July, 94; Wash. Co., N. Y.; Staten
Is., N. Y., 8/23/13, on Sagittaria.
New Jersey:
N. J.; Newark, N. J., VII.4; Irvington, N. J., 11-15, XI-7; Camden, N. J.,
III-3, XI-23 and 12-12; Slt. Mdows., N. J.; Milburn, N. J.; “Upper” Mont-
clair, N. J., VI.4.1922, A. Nicolay Collector; Mchtville., N. J., 3.11; Elizabeth,
N. J., X1.29; Westville, N. J., 11.25, H. A. Wenzel Collector; Gloucest. Co.,
N. J., [V.24, H. W. Wenzel Collector.
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny, Pa.; Greentown, Pa., 21-VII-1926, Quirsfeld; Pennsylv. orient.,
Zimmerman.
Maryland:
Md.; Hilld Brdg., Patuxent Riv. Md., June 26, ’24, H. S. Barber.
District of Columbia:
—D. C.; Washington, D. C. Je.27.06, I. J. Condit Collector; Wash., D. C.,
VII-12-23, J. R. Greeley, at light; Eastern Branch, Washington, D. C., 25 Oct.,
21, H.S. Barber; Washgtn., D. C.; Wash. D. C., 3-3-1923; H.S. Barber; Wash-
ington, D. C., VI-20-23, J. R. Greeley Coll., at light; Washington, D. C., 24-7-07,
30-7, W. L. McAtee Collector; Washington, D. C., 27-VI-13, W. L. McAtee
Collector, at light.
Virgima: “~ |
Va.; Rosslyn, Va. ‘s)
Georgia: “fs
Ga.; Geo.
312 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Florida:
Fla.; Crescent City, Fla.; Dunedin, Pinnellas Co., Fla., II-27-1925; Kissim-
mee, Fla.; Lake Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 1384; L. Kissimmee, Fla., Bufo 1392;
Dunedin, Florida, II.19.1926, Blatchley; Dunnedin, Fla., III-16-’25, W. S. B.;
Homestead, Fla., June, 1929, Darlington; Bell Glade, Fla., 22-23 March, ’27, M.
D. Leonard Coll.; Paradise Key, Fla., Mrch. 10-18, E. A. Schwarz; Lake Mag-
gorie, Fla., 4-2-23, E. M. Craighead Collector; Big Bayou, Fla., 3-5-23, E. M.
Craighead Collector; Brighton, Fla., Okeechobee, June 16, 1929, Darlington.
Alabama:
Mobile Co., Ala., H. P. Léding.
Louisiana:
La.; N. Orleans, La., 10/6, 12/6; N. Orleans, La., 26.X.91, 30.V.95, and
6.7.95; Gueydan, La., June 20, 1925, Jume 25, 1925, June 26, 1925, June 28,
1925, July 11, 1925, July 28, 1925, Aug. 3, 1925, Aug. 7, 1925, VI,15-16, ’25,
V1,25-26, ’25, E. Kalmbach, at light; Morgan Cy., La., Wickham; Dundee, L.,
VII-4-03.
Mississippt:
Gulf View, Miss., 20. III.92.
Ohio:
Ohio.
Indiana:
Marion Co., Indiana, VII-14-1924, Blatchley.
Illinois:
Peoria, Ill., Aug. 11, 95.
Michigan:
Oakland Co., Michigan, VII-15-1928, A. W. Andrews; Monroe, Mich.; De-
troit, 23 Jun.; Mich.; Detroit, Mich.; Det., Wint.; Cheboygan Co., Mich.,
6.30.1934 and 8.2.1934, H. B. Hungerford; Cheboygan Co., Mich., 7-24-1936,
David M. Gates; Douglas Lake, Mich., July, 1919; Berrien Co., Mich., July 26,
1917, A. W. Andrews; Paw Paw Lake, Mich., VII.19.09.
Wisconsin:
Cranmoor, Wood Co., Wis., VI-23-07, C. B. Hardenberg; Trempelean, Wis.,
July 5, ’27, F. M. Uhler; Victory, Wis., July 29, 1927, F. M. Uhler.
Minnesota:
Red Wing, Minn., VII,13-21, ’26, F. M. Uhler.
Towa:
Ia.; Iowa; Sioux City, Ia., 25.III.89; Iowa City, IV.5.00, Wickham; Lake
Okoboji, Ia., July 22, 1917, July 23, 1917, and July 24, 1917, L. L. Buchanan;
Lansing Ia., Aug. 14, 1927, F. M. Uhler; Iowa, Bufo 2052 (Lost Island Lake,
Clay county, Iowa, A. G. Ruthven, July 26, 1918); Milford, Ia., Bufo am. 2002
(July 3, 1920, F. N. Blanchard).
Kansas:
ante beac
Missouri:
St. L., Mo.
Texas:
Tex.; Texas; N. Braunfils. Tx., 17 May, 06, F. C. Pratt Collector, on Ne-
lumbo; 8S. Diego, Tex., 25.5; Brownsville, Texas.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 313
Wyoming:
Cheyenne, Wyo., 21.1V.89.
Califorma:
Oroville, Cal., VII-12-1926, H. H. Keifer Collector; Williams, Colusa Co.,
Cal., XI.9.28, Collected from Rice Paddies; Colusa Co., Cal. X1-30-28, Wil-
liams, H. H. Keifer Collector, collected from paddy rice.
CANADA
Quebec:
Kazubazua, Que., 18-vili-’31, W. J. Brown.
Ontario:
Ont.; Trenton, Ont., Can., 27.VI.11, Evans; Toronto, Can., V.1, V-30, R. J.
Crew; Belleville, Ont., Can.
Manitoba:
Aweme, Manitoba, VII.21.11, E. Criddle, Sagittaria variabilis ; Treesbank,
Man., 16.1X.1925, N. Criddle, Bred from Sagittaria.
British Columbia:
Creston, B. C., 12. VIII.1933, G. Stace Smith, on Sagittaria arifolia, 1750 ft.;
Creston, B. C., 29.X.1933, 4. X1I.1933, and 11.XI.1933, G. Stace Smith, On
flood debris, 1750 ft.
Listronotus insignis new species
(Plate XXXII, fig. 1; Plate XX XVII, fig. 3)
Length, 4.5 to 6 mm. Oblong, dark reddish-brown to piceous;
rather thinly clothed with dull-brown scales which are larger on
the prothorax; with a broad curved transverse band of light yellow-
brown scales at the beginning of the declivity of the elytra, the
declivous portion of the elytra behind the light marking covered
with chocolate-brown to black, shining scales; prothorax with a
very narrow median vitta and broad lateral vittae of light-brown
scales. Beak stout, slightly longer than the prothorax; median
carina very prominent, sharp and smooth, becoming obsolete a little
beyond the point of insertion of the antennae; lateral carinae
usually rather sharp and strongly developed; lateral sulci deep;
apical portion finely punctate, basal portion very coarsely and
rugosely punctate; clothed only with very short, slender setae.
Head slightly convex; very coarsely and rugosely punctate; the
setae short and slender; frontal fovea large and deep. Antennae
moderately slender; second segment of funicle one-half longer than
the first; third to seventh segments rounded. Prothorax one-sixth
to one-fifth wider than long; ocular lobes prominent; sides nearly
parallel, slightly constricted at apex; disk very coarsely and crib-
rately punctate, the scales scarcely covering the punctures; some of
the punctures bearing short, stout setae. Scutellwm small, depressed ;
with a few very small dirty white scales. Hlytra rather stout; base
314 THE UnNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
broadly emarginate; humeri obtuse, rounded; sides nearly parallel
to apical fourth, then narrowed to the conjointly rounded apices;
striae not at all impressed, coarsely punctate, the punctures large
and quadrate when revealed by the removal of the scales; intervals
slightly convex, the first and third sometimes more strongly so; the
setae very short and inconspicuous on the basal two-thirds, slightly
longer and stouter on the apical third. Ventral surface sparsely,
very coarsely and deeply punctate; seventh (fifth visible) abdominal
sternum more finely and densely punctate; lower surface with only
a very few rounded scales on the sides of the metathoracie sternum
and the third and fourth (first and second visible) abdominal sterna,
mostly with very short inconspicuous setae. Legs slender, posterior
femora with a preapical band of light scales, sometimes with a yel-
lowish or metallic greenish cast; inner margin of all the tibiae with
small, sharp, distinct teeth, apical mucrones rather long and sharp.
Male with third and fourth (first and second visible) abdominal
sterna flat or very slightly concave; seventh (fifth visible) sternum
rather broadly and feebly convex through the middle. Female with
the third (first visible) abdominal sternum slightly convex; seventh
(fifth visible) sternum with a feeble sublateral concavity on each
side and with a broad convexity at the middle, this convexity
marked by a rather deep median triangular depression at the apex;
seventh tergum broadly and shallowly emarginate.
Nores on Tyres. Holotype male, “Paradise Key, Fla., 23.2.1919,
E. A. Schwarz.” Allotype female, ‘Paradise Key, Fla., Feb. 28.”
Twenty-one paratypes as follows: 1 female, “Paradise Key, Fla.,
Feb. 21”; 1 male, “Paradise Key, Fla., Feb. 22, 1919, A. Wetmore
collector”; 2 females, “Paradise Key, Fla., Mar. 2.19, H. Barber
collector”; 1 male, “Paradise Key, Fla., Mar. 9”; 1 male, “Royal
Palm Park, Fla., 2-26-29, W. S. B.”; 1 male, 1 female, “Fla.”; 1
male, “Enterprise, Fla., 16.5, Coll. Hubbard & Schwarz”; 1 female,
“Homestead, Fla., Feb. 28, 1918, A. Wetmore collector, at light”; 1
female, “Lake Iamonia, Fla., 5-12-16, W. D. Pierce collector”; 3
males, 6 females, “Lake Kissimmee, Fla., E. A. Mearns”; 1 male,
“Kissimmee River, Fla., E. A. Mearns.”
Holotype and allotype in the United States National Museum.
Paratypes in the United States National Museum, Francis Hunt-
ington Snow Entomological Collections at the University of Kansas,
and in the collection at Purdue University.
ReMARKS AND Comparative Notes. This species is closely re-
lated to L. oregonensis (LeConte), but may be distinguished from it
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS B15
by the more strongly carinate and suleate beak, the coarsely and
rugosely punctate head, the large cribrate punctures of the disk of
the prothorax and the absence of tubercles, the characteristic mark-
ing of the apical portion of the elytra, the more coarsely punctate
ventral surface, and the modification of the seventh, (fifth visible)
abdominal sternum of the female. The eighth sternum of the female
and the internal genitalia of the male are quite different in the two
species.
BrotoaicaL Nores. A number of specimens of this species have
been taken from the stomachs of Bufo terrestris at Lake Kissimmee,
Florida. The species has also been taken at light on February 28,
at Homestead, Florida.
Data on Distrripution. Known only from Florida.
Listronotus setosus LeConte 1876
(Plate XXXII, fig. 3; Plate XXXVI, fig. 7)
1876. Listronotus setosus LeConte, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, p. 134.
1894. Listronotus setosus LeConte. Hamilton, Can. Ent., XX VI, pp. 253, 256.
1916. Listronotus setosus LeConte. Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North Eastern
America, p. 163.
1920. Listronotus setosus LeConte. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 317.
1931. Listronotus setosus LeConte. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 12.
OrIGINAL Description. “Blackish, covered with a dense crust of
dirty gray and brownish round scales, larger upon the prothorax,
and not becoming hair-like upon the head. Beak moderately tri-
carinate and quadrisulcate. Prothorax distinctly wider than long,
sides suddenly rounded near the base and apex. Scutellum pale.
Elytra not much wider than the prothorax, slightly emarginate at
base; humeri rounded, striae punctured, interspaces slightly convex,
with rows of clavate bristles longer and more evident than the setae
of the other species; tip conjointly rounded in both sexes.
“Male. Last ventral slightly impressed at the tip.
“Female. Last ventral deeply impressed at the tip.
“Florida and Georgia: Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz. Very
easily recognized by the scaly head and long clavate bristles.”
AppITIONAL Description. Length, 5 to 6.5mm. Beak distinctly
longer than prothorax; slender and curved; broad and flattened at
base, with a rather wide ridge extending laterally over basal half of
antennal groove; median carina prominent; lateral carinae usually
rather distinct; lateral sulci deep; surface densely punctate; basal
portion clothed with rounded scales; outer part with narrow scales
and setae. Head flat; densely and coarsely punctate, thickly
316 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
covered with rounded scales; frontal fovea deep. Antennae slender;
second segment of funicle only one-half longer than first; third seg-
ment very slightly elongate. Prothorax one-fifth wider than long;
sides strongly rounded at base and apex; ocular lobes moderately
large; disk sometimes with a faint median carina, abbreviated at
base and apex; surface roughly granulate-punctate, thickly covered
with scales which are much larger than those of the elytra, are
slightly convex, and are often polygonal rather than rounded; a few
scattered, very long, stout setae arising from punctures at the apices
of small tubercles. Scutellwm round, often elevated; thickly covered
with small grayish scales. Elytra with striae fine, not deeply im-
pressed, but strongly punctate, the punctures close-set; intervals con-
vex, the odd ones more strongly so. Ventral surface coarsely and
somewhat sparsely punctate, with rounded scales at sides of meta-
thoracic sternum and third, fourth, fifth, and sixth abdominal
sterna; elsewhere with very short setae. Male with third abdominal
sternum broadly and deeply concave. Female with third abdominal
sternum flat or very slightly convex; seventh sternum with a narrow
but very deep longitudinal groove beginning before the middle and
extending to the apex, causing it to be strongly notched when
viewed from the end; seventh tergum very deeply emarginate, the
emargination fitting around the notch of the seventh sternum.
Nores on Types. The types of L. setosus LeConte have been
examined, and are located in the LeConte collection in the Museum
of Comparative Zoédlogy at Harvard College. The first type is a
female from “Cedar Keys, Fla.” The second type is a female from
“Tampa, Fla.” The third type is a male bearing an orange disk, and
is probably from Georgia, since that state is given as a locality in the
original description. There is a fourth specimen in the series, a
male, without a type label, but with the label, “Fla.”
BrotoaicaL Norrs. Blatchley and Leng (1916) recorded the
species as being “frequent beneath boards along the margins of
ponds and on the flowers of Sagittaria.” Pierce has recorded L.
setosus LeConte as occurring on cotton at Victoria, Texas, May 23.
A specimen upon which this record is based has been examined and
is not L. setosus LeConte as determined by Pierce, but is L. rotundi-
collis LeConte.
Data on Distrisution. Most of the specimens examined have
been from Florida. I have seen three specimens, however, from
the northern states, one from Massachusets, and two from New
York City. This northern distribution may appear to be peculiar,
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 317
but there is a region, especially around Martha’s Vineyard, Massa-
chusetts, where a number of typically subtropical forms of plants
and animals have been found. These forms, as in the case of ZL.
setosus LeConte, occur most abundantly in Florida and may be
found in small numbers along the coastal region of Massachusetts
and New York, not being found in the territory between these two
localities. Specimens have been examined from the following lo-
calities:
Florida:
Fla.; Tampa, Fla., 22.4, 28.4, and 1.5; Sebastian Riv., Fla., 7.4, Coll. Hub-
bard & Schwarz; Dunedin, Fla., 2-4-1913, Feb. 18, 1913, Feb. 18, 1914, 3-1-24,
3-2-13, 3-18-13, 3-23-20, and 4-2-21, W. S. Blatchley Coll.; Cedar Keys, Fla.,
June 6; Bellair, Fla.; Jacksonv., Fla.; Homestead, Fla., June, 1929, Darlington;
Kissimmee, Fla.; Dunedin, Pinellas Co., Fla., IIJ-17-1925.
Georgia:
Georgia.
New York:
New York, N. Y.
Massachusetts:
Mass.
Listronotus debilis Blatchley 1916
(Plate XXXI, fig. 3; Plate XXXVII, fig. 7)
1916. Listronotus debilis Blatchley, in Blatchley and Leng, Rhynchophora of North East-
ern America, p. 164.
1920. Listronotus debilis Blatchley. Leng, Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North
of Mexico, p. 317.
1925. Listronotus debilis Blatchley. Blatchley, Jr. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XX XIII, p. 92.
1931. Listronotus debilis Blatchley. Schenkling and Marshall, in Junk, Coleopterorum
Catalogus, Subfam. Cylindrorrhininae, Pars 114, p. 11.
OricINAL Description. “Oblong, rather robust. Black, above
and under surface, except abdomen, densely clothed with a crust
of small, round, dirty white scales, each with a minute golden dot
at center; antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish-brown; femora piceous,
densely scaly near apex. Beak slender, subcylindrical, as long as
head and thorax, naked, feebly carinate and slightly widened on
apical third, not carinate and densely scaly behind the antennae;
frontal fovea large, deep. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
broadly rounded, feebly but distinctly sinuate at middle, disc
densely and finely granulate-punctate. Elytra at base one-third
wider than middle of thorax, humeri rounded, sides parallel to apical
fourth, then converging to the conjointly rounded apex; striae very
fine, their punctures concealed; intervals wide, flat, each with a row
of short, white inclined bristles. Length, 5.56 mm.
“Putnam and Vigo counties, Indiana, rare; June 12-July 1.
318 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN °
a unique form, easily known by the peculiar color of scales, sinuate
thorax and scaly head. The last ventral is not impressed in either
of the two specimens, both of which are probably males.”
AppITIONAL Description. Length, 5.5to 7mm. Beak noticeably
longer than prothorax, slender, curved; when viewed from above it
narrows to the point of the insertion of the antennae and then be-
comes wider toward the tip; with a fine median carina; lateral
carinae and lateral grooves obsolete; upper surface finely punctate,
clothed with rounded scales to point of antennal insertion, then with
only a few scattered short, slender setae on apical portion. An-
tennae slender; second segment of funicle only about one-half longer
than first; third segment very slightly elongate, but not as long as
first; fourth to seventh segments rounded. Head slightly flattened
between the eyes. Prothorax about one-eighth wider than long;
ocular lobes moderately developed; sides sometimes broadly and
evenly curved, in other cases nearly parallel along median portion
and rather suddenly curved inward at base and apex; median
sinuation of sides not always evident as mentioned in the original
description; scales of disk of prothorax slightly convex; a few
scattered stout setae, without the coarser punctures found in many
of the other species. Hlytra only very slightly arcuate at base;
setae of intervals rather prominent, distantly placed, more promi-
nent and slightly clavate on declivity. Ventral surface clothed
mostly with slender setae; sides of metasternum with rounded scales,
and a few on the sides of the third and fourth abdominal sterna.
Male with beak only slightly longer than prothorax; third abdominal
sternum deeply concave at middle; all the abdominal sterna finely
and moderately punctate, the seventh with a median apical area
which is nearly smooth, having only a few scattered tiny punctures;
tips of elytra conjointly rounded. Female with base of third ab-
dominal sternum flat or slightly convex, sometimes with a small
median concavity at the posterior margin; seventh sternum scarcely
modified, having only a median apical area which is less densely
and more finely punctate, this region being very slightly depressed;
apex of seventh sternum truncate; apex of seventh tergum slightly
emarginate at middle; tips of elytra very slightly separately sub-
acuminate.
Notes on Types. The type of this species, a female from Put-
nam county, Indiana, has been examined. The second specimen
which Blatchley had before him when he described the species is
a male from Vigo county, Indiana. The type is in the Blatchley
collection at Purdue University.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 319
Brotoacicat Nores. The food plant of this species is not known.
It was taken at light on July 6, at Oakwood, IIL.
Data on DisrripuTIon. The species has been previously recorded
only from Indiana. We now know that its range extends southeast
through Maryland and the District of Columbia to Virginia, and
southwest through Illinois, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Specimens have
been examined from the following localities:
Indiana:
Marion Co., Ind., 5-18-21, 5-19-21, 5-21-22, 6-14-’22, and 9-23-22, W. 8S. B.;
Marion Co., Ind., VII-14-1924 and X-9-1924, Blatchley; Putnam Co., Ind.,
6-12-14, W. S. B.; Vigo Co., Ind., W. S. B. E
Maryland:
Md. near Plummers I., May 27, 1916, L. O. Jackson Collector; Plummers Is.,
Md., VI-17-13; Great Falls, Md.
District of Columbia:
Washington, D. C., 19-6-05, W. L. McAtee Collector; Washgtn., D. C.
Virginia:
Va., near Plummer I., Md., Aug., 1923, H. 8S. Barber.
Illinois:
Oakwood, Ill., July 6, 1927, Coll. R. G. & T. F., at light; Urbana, IIl., Sep-
tember 26, ’07.
Kansas:
Chanute, Kansas, Sept. 25, 1922, Wm. E. Hoffmann.
Oklahoma:
Spavinaw, Okla., June 18, 1937, Standish-Kaiser; Sherwood, Okla., June 27,
1937, Standish-Kaiser.
LIST OF SPECIES AND SYNONYMY
Listronotus Jekel.
1. Caupatus (Say) 1824.
2. INGENS n. sp.
3. AMERICANUS LeConte 1876.
4. Catiosus LeConte 1876.
5. SquamicErR (Say) 1831.
inaequalipennis (Boheman) 1842.
6. Tusrrosus LeConte 1876.
7. Sorpipus (Gyllenhal) 1834.
distinguendus (Gyllenhal) 1834.
obliquus LeConte 1876.
8. MANIFESTUS nN. sp.
9. Rorunpicotitis LeConte 1876.
cribricollis LeConte 1876.
10. Distincrus n. sp.
11. ScapuLaris Casey 1895.
12. BLATCHLEYI n. sp.
13. Patusrris Blatchley 1916.
320 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
14. BLANDUS nN. sp.
15. Fronratis LeConte 1876.
16. OrEGoNENSIS (LeConte) 1860.
latiusculus LeConte 1876 nec Boheman 1842.
impressifrons LeConte 1876.
rudipennis Blatchley 1916.
17. OREGONENSIS subspecies TESsELLATUS Casey 1895.
18. Evecans Van Dyke 1929.
19. Nesutosus LeConte 1876.
sulcirostris LeConte 1876.
20. Srmmis n. sp.
21. AppENpDIcULATUS (Boheman) 1842.
floridensis Blatchley 1916.
leucozonatus Chittenden 1926.
impressus Van Dyke 1929.
INSIGNIS 0. sp.
Setosus LeConte 1876.
. Desiuis Blatchley 1916.
N po
oS
bo
fa
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324 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXI
Hic. 1. L. americanus LeConte. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe
of male.
Fic. 2. L. ingens n.sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
Fic. 2a. L. ingens n. sp. Apex of median lobe of male.
Fic. 3. L. debilis Blatchley. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
male.
Fic. 4. L. tuberosus LeConte. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
male.
HENDERSON: THE Genus LISTRONOTUS
PLATE XXXI
==
z ~—S
} 3. L. debili
ebilis 4. L. tuberosus
326
Fic.
Fic. 2
1G.
male.
Fic.
male.
‘THE UNIvreRSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXII
. L. insignis n. sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
. L. caudatus (Say). Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
. L. frontalis LeConte. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
. L. nebulosus LeConte. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS
PLATE XXXII
4. L. nebulosus
~I
328 THE UNIversItTy ScreENCE BULLETIN
PLATE SOC TE
Fic. 1. L. oregonensis (LeConte). Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe
of male.
Fig. 2. L. appendiculatus (Boheman). Dorsal and lateral views of median
lobe of male.
Fig. 3. L. setosus LeConte. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
male.
Fic. 4. L. palustris Blatchley. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
male.
Fic. 5. L. sordidus (Gyllenhal). Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe
of male.
5. L. sordidus
3. L. setosus
330
Rig. 1.
Da gels 2
Garo
of male.
Vic. 4.
male.
THE UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXIV
L. blandus n. sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
L. distinctus n. sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
L. rotundicollis LeConte. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe
L. callosus LeConte.. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS 331
PLATE XXXIV
3. L. rotundicollis
Fic.
male.
Fia.
Fic.
male.
Fic.
male.
2.
3.
Tue UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXV
. scapularis Casey. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
. blatchleyi n. sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
. squamiger (Say). Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
. manifestus n. sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS
PLATE XXXV
3. L. squamiger 4. L. manifestus
33
334 THe UNIversity ScrmeNcE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXVI
Fic. 1. L. similis n.sp. Dorsal and lateral views of median lobe of male.
Fic. 2. L. distinctus n. sp. Eighth sternum of female.
Fig. 3. L. appendiculatus (Boheman). Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 4. L. squamiger (Say). Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 5. L. scapularis Casey. Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 6. L. callosus LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 7. L. setosus LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 8. L. manifestus n. sp. Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 9. L. sordidus (Gyllenhal). Eighth sternum of female.
Fic. 10. L. palustris Blatchley. Eighth sternum of female.
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS
Qe
Co
i |
PLATE XXXVI
I. L. similis
Fia.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fia.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
pale eee gS CORRS AE
© 00
10.
. L. caudatus (Say). Eighth sternum of female.
12.
13.
—
="
THE UNIVERSITY ScrENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXVII
.blandus n. sp. Eighth sternum of female.
. tuberosus LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
insignis n. sp. EHighth sternum of female.
ingens n. sp. Eighth sternum of female.
. rotundicollis LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
oregonensis (LeConte). Eighth sternum of female.
. debilis Blatchley. Eighth sternum of female.
. nebulosus LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
. americanus LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
L. elegans Van Dyke. Eighth sternum of female.
SESE oi Si sia aloo
L. blatchleyi n. sp. Eighth sternum of female.
L. frontalis LeConte. Eighth sternum of female.
22—2181
HENDERSON: THE GENUS LISTRONOTUS
PLATE XXXVII
isu)
~l
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OctToBErR 1, 1939 [No. 5
Distribution Notes and Comments upon a Collection
of Mexican Lepidoptera
Part I—Rhopalocera
WM. D. FIELD,
Department of Entomology, University of Kansas
Asstrract: In this paper 189 species of butterflies are listed. Nine species
are new to Mexico. Thecla istapa Reakirt is taken out of the synonymy and
is used for the Mexican subspecies of Callicista columella (Fabr.). Lycaena
alce Edwards is also taken from the synonymy and is used for the United
States and northern Mexican subspecies of Hemiargus isola (Reakirt). The
variation of a number of species is discussed. A number of the locality records
are new.
URING an extensive collecting expedition in Mexico in the sum-
mer of 1938 by Mr. L. J. Lipovsky and Mr. H. D. Thomas, the
former secured a fairly larger number of Lepidoptera, most of which
have been deposited in the Snow Entomological Museum of the Uni-
versity of Kansas. This collection, added to a collection of Rhopa-
locera taken by H. D. Thomas during his trip through Mexico in the
summer of 1936, contains a total of 189 species. Included in this
number are nine species not before known to occur in Mexico. Al-
though none of the localities were collected thoroughly for Lepidop-
tera, since the expeditions were organized mainly to secure aquatic
Hemiptera and other orders of insects, a great number of locality
records are new.
(339)
340
ae
10.
12.
13.
14.
THe UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
PAPILIONOIDEA
SATYRIDAE
. Euptychia hesione hesione (Sulz.).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, four males; ten
miles south of Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male, one female.
Euptychia similis similis Butler.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Euptychia cleophes Godman & Salvin.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Megisto hermes hermes (Fabricius).
San Luis Porosrt. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, six males, one
female. Camprecur. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11,
1936, one female.
Pindis squamistriga Felder.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male. Jauisco. Chapala,
September 11, 1938, one male.
MORPHIDAE
Morpho polyphemus Dbl. & Hew.
Camprcue. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
one female.
Morpho peleides montezuma Guerin.
San Luts Porosr. Ten miles south of Huichihuayan, September 25,
1938, two males.
BRASSOLIDAE
Opsiphanes boisduvalii Westwood.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Opsiphanes cassina fabricu (Boisduval). ;
CamprecHue. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
one male.
NYMPHALIDAE
HELICONIINAE
Heliconius petiverana petiverana (Dbl. & Hewit.).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, two males.
. Heliconius charithonia charithonia (Linnaeus).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, seventeen males,
four females. Gurrrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, three males, one
female. Moreitos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1988, two males, one female.
Campscue. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936, one
male.
Eueides cleobaea zorcaon Reakirt.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1988, one male, one
female.
Dryas julia moderata Stichel.
Saw Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, three males.
Dryas phaetusa phaetusa (Linnaeus).
Camprecue. Hacienda Balchakaj, September 11, 1936, two males.
15.
16.
Lf.
18.
19.
al.
. Chlosyne melanarge (Bates).
Fieup: Merxtcan LEepmopTrra 341
Dione juno huascuma (Reakirt).
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male, two females.
Dione vanillae incarnata Riley.
Tamau.tipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, two
males. Moretos. Cuautla, July 28, 1938, one female. Gurrrero. Tierra
Colorada, August 15, 1988, one male, one female.
NYMPHALINAE
Euptoveta claudia claudia (Cramer).
Micuoacan. Morelia, September 24, 1938, one male.
Euptoieta hegesia (Cramer).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, four males; Acapulco,
August 16-30, 19388, one male. TAamMauLipAs. Ten miles south of Ciudad
Victoria, July 25, 1938, one male.
Melitaea theona theona Mene.
Micuoacan. Morelia, September 4, 1938, three males and three fe-
males, Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, one male.
The specimen from Union de Tula is considerably darker on both sur-
faces than those from Morelia.
. Melitaea elada elada (Hewitson).
Jatisco. Tecolotlan, September 14, 1938, nineteen males; Union de
Tula, September 16, 1938, nineteen males; Km. 90, Road to Autlan,
September 17, 1938, one male; Cocula, September 17, 1938, four males;
Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, one female. Gurrrero. Acapulco, August
16-20, 1938, one male; Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, two males.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male; Cuautla, July 28, 1938,
two males.
Phyciodes vesta boucard: Godman & Salvin.
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, one male.
. Phyciodes mylitta pallida Edw.
Jatisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, one male.
A new record for Mexico.
. Phyciodes tharos tharos (Drury).
JALisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, one male, one female.
. Phyciodes fragilis guatemalena (Bates).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
. Anthanassa texana texana Edwards.
Jauisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, two males, one female.
. Anthanassa tulcis (Bates).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, July 27, 1938, one male.
. Anthanassa ardys Hewit.
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, two males.
. Anthanassa ptolyca Bates.
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, four males. La GI
. Chlosyne hyperia hyperia (Fabr.). vA)
GUERRERO. Taxco, August 2, 1938, one male. Qe
GuerRERO. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, eight males. -= —
342 Tue UNIversITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
31. Chlosyne marina (Hiibner).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, one male.
32. Chlosyne lacinia lacinia (Geyer). .
JaLisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1988, one male, one female;
Cocula, September 17, 1938, two males; Union de Tula, eight males;
Tecolotlan, September 14, 1988, one male. Moretos. Cuautla, July 28,
1938, one male.
There is a great deal of variation in this subspecies as in the one be-
low. The male from Cuautla, one of the males from Cocula and four
of the males from Union de Tula have entirely black hind wings on the
upper surfaces and thus represent a form of the typical subspecies that
seems to be parallel in development to the form nigrescens Wright of
C. lacinia crocale.
33. Chlosyne lacinia crocale (Edwards).
CuinvuaHuaA. Chihuahua, July 21, 1938, one male, four females.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
None of these specimens are of the typical form crocale Edw. The
male and two of the females from Chihuahua are of the orange suffused
form named rufescens Wright. The remaning two females are prob-
ably also of the rufescens form, but approach typical crocale in having
pure white spots on the forewings, both above and below. The male
from Huichihuayan is of the form nigrescens Wright.
34. Morpheis ehrenbergi Hiibner.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one female. JALisco. Chapala,
September 11, 1938, one female.
35. Microtia elva elva Bates.
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, six males. Moretos.
Cuernavaca, August 3, 1988, one male.
36. Mestra amymone (Men.)
TaMAutipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, two
males.
37. Didonis biblis aganisa Bdv.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
TaMAuLipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one
male.
38. Vanessa cardui carduelis (Cramer).
CuIcHUAHUA. Naica, July 21, 1938, one female.
39. Precis coenia nigrosuffusa (B. & McD.).
Jatisco. Chapala, September 14, 1938, one male; aon de Tula, Sep-
tember 16, 1938, one male. Micuoacan. Morelia, September 4, 1938, one
female. Tamau.tipas. Antiquo Morelos, July 26, 1938, one male.
40. Anartia fatima fatima Fabr.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, July 27, 1938, five males, one female,
41. Anartia fatima venusta Fruhst.
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, four males, one female.
This subspecies is easily distinguished from typical fatima in several
characters. The submarginal white band of the upper side of hind wings
extends only to vein Me in venusta, whereas in typical fatima it continues
to the anal angle, although it is usually only faintly indicated in inter-
42.
43.
44,
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Finup: Mrxitcan LEepIpopTreRA 343
spaces Cu; and Cug. In the female of venusta this band is continued
below vein Ms as a series of three orange-red spots. In the female of
typical fatima this band is white throughout. The red submesial band of
hind wings is twice as broad in venusta and is much brighter in color. In
interspace My, of hind wings, between the submesial red band and sub-
marginal white band there is a round, black spot, very distinct on the
under surface and at least slightly indicated on the upper surface. In
the typical subspecies this spot is usually absent, but, if present, is very
inconspicuous and usually lies next to the white band.
Anartia jatrophae jatrophae (Linn.).
TamMautipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one
female; Antiquo Morelos, July 26, 1938, one male. San Luis Porost.
Huichihuayan, September 27, 1938, one male. Gurrrero. Tierra Colo-
rada, August 15, 1938, one male, two females. CamprecHe. Ciudad del
Carmen, September 1-7, 1938, one female.
Eunica monima modesta (Bates).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Myscelia ethusa (Bdv.).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male, two
females; July 27, 1938, one male, one female.
Myscelia cyaniris Dbl. & Hew.
San Luts Potost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Dynamine mylitta (Cramer).
San Luis Potost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, two males three
females, July 27, 1938, one male.
Cyclogramma bachis (Dbl.).
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, two females.
Ageronia februa gudula Fruhst.
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, four males, three females.
Ageronia atlantis Bates.
Jauisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male. Morexos. Cuautla,
July 28, 1938, one male.
Ageronia feronia farinulenta Fruhst.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Ageronia guatemalena marmarice Fruhst.
GuerrERO. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, three males, two females.
Ageronia sp.
Saw Luis Potost. Huichihuayan, July 25, 1938, one male. A very light-
colored species, possibly related to A. februa Hbn.
Athena chiron (Fabr.).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, July 27, 1938, three males, one fe-
male. Tamautripas. Antiquo Morelos, July 26, 1938, one male.
Basilarchia archippus obsoleta Edwards.
CuinvuAnHva. Chihuahua, July 24, 1938, one female.
Heterochroa bredowii bredowti Geyer.
Jatisco. Km. 90, Road to Autlan, September 17, 1938, one male.
Micuocan. Carapa, September 2, 1938, one male.
Adelpha fessonia Hewitson.
TaMauipas. Antiquo Morelos, July 26, 1938, one female; Forlon, Sep-
tember 30, 1938, one male.
544
or
~I
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
66.
67.
69.
70.
71.
THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
. Adelpha salmoneus emilia Fruhst.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female. This
species has not been taken in Mexico before.
. Chlorippe mentas Bdv.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female. C.
mentas has heretofore been known only from Honduras.
. Asterocampa leilia (Edw.).
CuinvuaHvaA, Chihuahua, July 21, 1938, two males; Naica, July 21,
1938, two males, one female.
Smyrna blomfildia datis Fruhst.
Jatisco. Km. 90, Road to Autlan, September 17, 1938, one male.
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one male.
Hypna rufescens rufescens Butler.
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one male. This species has
been recorded only from Venezuela.
Anaea euryphile Felder.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Anaea pithyusa Felder.
Tamautipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1988, one
female. CamprecHe. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11,
1936, one female.
Anaea aidea Guerin.
TamaAu.tipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, two
males, one female. Jatisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, one male;
Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male.
. Anaea andria appiciata Rober.
CamprecHe. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
one male.
DANAIDAE
DANAINAE
Danaus plexippus plexippus (Linn.).
CamprecHe. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
one male.
Danaus cleothera (Godart).
CampecHE. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
two males.
Danaus berenice strigosa (Bates).
Tamautipas. Antiquo Morelos, July 26, 1938, six males. CHIHUAHUA.
San Pedro, July 24, 1938, one female; Naica, July 21, 1938, two males, one
female; Chihuahua, July 21, 1938, one female.
ITHOMIINAE
Dircenna klugi klugi (Hbn.).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Leucothyris graciella paula Weym.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, two males.
Pteronymia cotytto (Guerin).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male, three
females.
~I
or
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
Fieutp: Mexican LEepiporpTEeRA BRL)
. Hymenitis oto (Hewitson).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
LIBYTHEIDAE
. Libythea bachmani larvata Strecker.
Tamautipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one
female; Magiscatzin, September 28, 1988, five males. Jatisco. Chapala,
September 11, 1938, one female.
The Chapala specimen is larger than the others and differs in several
particulars. One specimen from Forlon is of the form streckeri Field.
RIODINIDAE
EVUSELASIIN AE
. Euselasia hieronymi (Godman & Salvin).
Saw Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
. Euselasia cheles aurantiaca (Godman & Salvin).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male. New
to Mexico, having been known before only from Guatemala and Central
America.
RIODININAE
Mesosemia telegone tetrica Stichel.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
. Anteros carausius carausius Ww.
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one male.
. Lasaia sessilis Schs.
Jauisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, three males, one female.
. Apodemia walkerti Godman & Salvin.
Jatisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, one male, one female.
Calephelis laverna (Godman & Salvin).
San Luts Porosr. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male. JALisco.
Chapala, September 11, 1938, one female.
Theone mania Godman & Salvin.
Micuoacan. Morelia, September 4, 1938, one female; El Sabino, nr.
Uruapan, July 19, 1936, one male, one female.
LYCAENIDAE
'THECLIN AE
Eumaeus minyas minyas Hbn.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Yucatan. Chichen Itza, August 30, 1936, one male.
Atlides battus aufidena (Hewitson).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, two males.
Arawacus sito (Boisduval).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Arawacus togarna togarna (Hewitson).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one female.
Rekoa meton (Cramer).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one female.
346 Tue UnIversiry Science BULLETIN
87. Eupsyche tephraeus (Hiibner).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, two males.
88. Eupsyche syncellus deserta (Draudt).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 28, 1938, one male; Tierra Colorada, Aug-
ust 15, 1938, one female. San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September
25, 1938, one female.
89. Eupsyche polibetes sedecia (Hewitson).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one male.
90. Calycopis hesperitis hesperitis (Butler).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 27, 1938, one male.
91. Strymon echion echiolus (Draudt).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one male.
92. Strymon clytie (Edw.).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one female. JALisco.
Chapala, September 11, 1988, one male, one female.
93. Strymon ines (Edw.).
Jatisco. Chapala, September 11, 19388, two females.
94. Strymon scopas (Godman & Salvin).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one female. Muicu-
oAcAN. El Sabino, nr. Uruapan, July 15-30, 1936, one female.
95. Strymon sp.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
96. Callicista columella istapa (Reakirt).
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 7, 1938, one male, one female. Tamau-
LyipaAs. Ten miles south Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 19388, one female; sixty
miles south Ciudad Victoria, July 6, 1986, one female.
Typical columella Fabricius was described from the West Indies. It
ranges from there into Florida and through the Gulf States. A compari-
son of the above series of species with a series of typical columella from
Miami, Fla., has led to the discovery that the Mexican specimens differ
subspecifically from the Florida ones. The name istapa Reakirt, based
upon specimens taken near Vera Cruz, Mexico, is available for the Mexi-
can subspecies.
The main difference between istapa and columella is found in the re-
duced maculation on the under surfaces of the former subspecies. This
is most evident in the submarginal spot in interspace Cu, of the hind
wing. In istapa the light colored lunule on the inner side of the marginal
black spot is yellow (not orange as is the case in typical columella) and
rather thin, being less than half as thick as the black spot which it caps.
In columella the orange lunule is large, being as thick or nearly as thick
as the black spot. The ground color on the under surface of the wings
is lighter in istapa than in columella, being a light grey and usually with-
out the distinct brownish tinge found in columella.
97. Callicista thius (Hiibner).
TamMauuipas. Ten miles south of Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one
male.
This species has heretofore been recorded only from Brazil and Co-
Jumbia. $
98.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
Firutp: Mexican LEPIDOPTERA 347
Dolymorpha jada (Hewitson).
Jatisco. Tecolotlan, September 14, 1938, one male; Juchitlan, Sep-
tember 15, 1988, one male.
. Callophrys herodotus herodotus (Fabricius).
Vera Cruz. Santa Lucrecia, September 24, 1936, one female.
PLEBEJINAE
Leptotes cassius (Cramer).
Jatisco. Cocula, September 14, 1938, one male. Gurrrero. Tierra
Colorada, August 15, 1938, one male.
Leptotes marina (Reakirt).
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 6, 1938, one male; Tecolotlan,
September 14, 1938, two males; Cocula, September 14, 1938, two males;
Chapala, September 11, 1938, one male. Cu1HuaHua. Naica, two females
Brephidium ezxilis (Bdv.).
JaLisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, one female.
Hemiargus gyas zachaeina (Butler & Druce).
Jatisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, four males, two females; Cocula,
September 11, 1938, eight males; Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, fifteen
males, eight females; Union de Tula, September 6, 1938, three males;
Tecolotlan, September 14, 1938, two males. Moretos. Cuernavaca,
August 3. 1938, one male. Micnoacan. El Sabino, near Uruapan, July
15-30, 1936, two males, one female.
Hemiargus tsola isola (Reakirt).
Hipatco. Rio del Monte, September 23, 1936, twenty-nine males, one
female.
Hemuargus isola alce (Edw.).
CuruuaHua. Naica, July 21, 1938, two males, two females. JALIsco.
Cocula, September 17, 1938, one female; Chapala, September 11, 1938,
one male.
The name alce Edw., based upon specimens from Colorado and usually
referred to as a synonym of isola is in reality a good subspecies. Typical
isola, described by Reakirt from specimens taken near Vera Cruz, Mexico,
is slightly larger than alce, having an average wing expanse in the male
sex of 24 millimeters. The single female specimen of zsola in the series
from Rio del Monte has an expanse of 27 millimeters. A series of twenty
specimens of alce from Colorado, Kansas, Texas and Chihuahua was
measured and found to have an average expanse of 22 millimeters in the
male sex and 24 millimeters in the female sex. The most striking differ-
ence between the two subspecies is in the ground color of the under sur-
faces, which is dark grey in typical zsola and light brownish-grey in alce.
The palpus, underside of thorax and abdomen in alce are white, in isola
grey.
Hemiargus cyna (Edwards) (=tulliola Godman & Salvin, new synonymy).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Everes comyntas comyntas (Godart).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Lycaenopsis argiolus gozora (Bdv.).
JaLisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male.
OO
TSS
(@ @)
109.
110.
111.
113.
Tup UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PIERIDAE
Colias (Zerene) caesonia caesonia (Stoll.).
TAMAULIPAS. Forlon, September 30, 1938, two females; ten miles south
Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one male. Gurrrero. Acapulco, August
16-30, 1938, one male. JaAtisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, five
males, three females; Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, one male.
These specimens compared with a series from Texas and Florida before
the writer are somewhat larger (in the Mexican specimens the average
length of forewing is 30 mm. in the male and 33 mm. in the female, while
in specimens from either Texas or Florida the forewing averages 1 mm.
less in each sex) and have slightly broader black borders to both fore
and hind wings in the male and to the forewings of the females. These
borders are on the average about 2 mm. wider in the Mexican specimens
than in the Texan or Floridan specimens. R6ber has described a sub-
species under the name of centralamericana as having a very broad black
margin to the hind wing. Whether these Mexican specimens represent
this subspecies or not cannot be ascertained from Rober’s inadequate
description.
Anteos clorinde clorinde (Godart).
Jatisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, one male.
Anteos maerula maerula (Fabricius).
San Luis Porosrt. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male, three
females.
. Phoebis sennae marcellina (Cramer).
TAMAUuLIPAS. Forlon, September 30, 1938, two males. Hrpantco. Aqua
Fria, September 24, 1938, one female. San Luis Potost. Huichihuayan,
September 25, 1938, one male. CamprcHr. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio
Chumpan, September 11, 1936, two males, one female.
The Forlon specimens are quite typical male marcellina, having con-
siderable more markings underneath than in Phoebis sennae eubule
(Linn.) (the only other subspecies found on continental North America).
The specimen from Huichihuayan, however, is a dwarf and has the
maculation on the under side of wings reduced to the normal spots at the
end of the cells in the fore and hind wings and five small brownish dots
in base of under surface of hind wing. It is thus similar to the form
drya Fabr. of P. sennae eubule. The female from Aqua Fria represents
the albinic form pallida Cockerell.
Phoebis agarithe maxima (Neum.).
Tamauuipas. Forlon, September 30, 1938, eight males, three females;
ten miles south Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one male. San Luis
Porost. Huichihuayan, July 27, 1938, one male. Jatisco. Chapala, Sep-
tember 11, 1938, one female. CamprcHr. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio
Chumpan, September 11, 1936, two males.
This subspecies, as compared with the other subspecies of agarithe is
noted by the great decrease in reddish-brown maculation on the under-
surfaces. There is considerable variation in the amount of this reduction
both in the above specimens and also in typotypical specimens from
Florida. Three of the Forlon specimens are entirely immaculate under-
neath except for the diagonal line on the forewing. Other specimens
114.
115.
116.
As:
118.
io:
120.
121.
Firitp: Mexican LepiporpreraA 349
have a few small reddish-brown spots scattered over the wing, while the
rest are much more heavily marked. The maculation in this subspecies
is never as heavy as in the other subspecies. One of the females from
Forlon is of the albinic form albarithe Brown.
Phoebis cypris (Fabricius).
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 6, 1938, two males.
These two specimens are of the form neocipris Huebner, having a flush
of orange on the disc of both wings. The typical form is entirely yellow.
Kricogonia lyside (Godt.).
Tamavuuipas. Forlon, September 30, 1938, six males, five females.
All of the above specimens, with one exception, are of the typical form,
having a white ground color with a deep yellow base to the forewing and
a slight suffusion of pale yellow on apex of forewing which is sometimes
also found on the hind wings. A single specimen of the female form
unicolor Godman & Salvin is represented in the above series. It is en-
tirely yellow in color.
Eurema (Eurema) jucunda (Boisduval).
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, eleven males, eight females;
August 12, 19388, one male. Gurrrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, three
males, one female; Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, one female. JA.Lisco.
Cocula, September 17, 19388, two males; Union de Tula, September 16,
1938, twenty-eight males; Tecolotlan, September 14, 1938, two males.
Two males from Cuernavaca and a single female from Acapulco are of
the typical form jucunda. The remainder of the specimens belong to the
form stdonia Felder in which the disc of the hind wing is greatly suffused
with black from the borders which are in turn enlarged and prolonged
around the wing to the anal angle and sometimes slightly along the ab-
dominal margin. All of the sidonia females mentioned above are albinic
and thus represent a form similiar to pallidula of typical jucunda.
Eurema (Eurema) palmyra lydia (Felder).
Jauisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, one male; Tecolotlan,
September 14, 1938, one male. Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one
male. Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, one male.
Males of this species differ from juewnda males only in having the
hind wings white instead of yellow on the upper surfaces. It would seem
to be merely a form or an aberration of jucunda.
Eurema (Eurema) boisduvaliana (Felder).
San Luis Potost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, one male. Gurrrero. Tierra
Colorada, August 15, 1938, one male.
Eurema (Eurema) mexicana mexicana (Boisduval).
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, 13 males.
Eurema (Eurema) salome (Felder).
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 16, 1938, one male. This specimen
is of the form limoneus Felder.
Eurema (Eurema) albula albula (Cramer).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male, and
two females.
350
122.
123.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
Tue UNIversity ScriENCcE BULLETIN
Eurema (Abaeis) nicippe (Cramer).
CurnvuAHuA. Naica, July 21, 1938, two males, four females. TAMAULI-
pas. Forlon, September 30, 1938, two males. San Luts Porosr. Huichi-
huayan, July 27, 1988, one male. Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938,
one male. Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, six males, four
females. JALtisco. Union de Tula, September 6, 1938, one male.
Eurema (Pyrisitia) proterpia proterpia (Fabricius).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, two males. Ta-
MAULIPAS. Forlon, September 30, 1938, one male, one female; ten miles
south Ciudad Victoria, July 25, 1938, one male. Moretos. Cuernavaca,
August 3, 1938, one male, one female. Gurrrero. Acapulco, August 16-30,
1938, one male; Tierra Colorada, August 25, 1938, one male, one female.
Jatisco. Cocula, September 17, 19388, five males; Union de Tula, Sep-
tember 16, 1938, three males. CAamMprecHE. Ciudad del Carmen, September
1-7, 1936, two males, one female.
4. Eurema (Pyrisitia) dina westwoodi (Boisduval).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, three males.
5. Eurema (Pyrisitia) lisa lisa (Bdv. & Lec.).
TaMaAvuLipas. Forlon, September 30, 1938, one male. GUERRERO.
Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one female. Jatisco. Cocula, September
17, 1938, one male. Morotos. Cuautla, July 28, 1938, one male.
CamprecHE. Ciudad del Carmen, September 1-7, 1936, two males, one
female.
The single female from Acapulco is of the albinic form alba Strecker.
Eurema (Pyrisitia) nise perimede (Prittwitz).
TamauLipas. Forlon, September 30, 1938, one male.
Nathalis tole (Bdv.).
Hipatco. Aqua Fria, September 24, 1938, one male.
PIERINAE
Leptophobia aripa (Boisduval).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Ascia (Ascia) monuste monuste (Linnaeus).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, two males. CAMPECHE.
Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936, two males, one
female.
Ascia (Ganyra) amaryllis josepha (Godman & Salvin).
CampecHeE. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 19386,
one male.
Melete isandra (Boisduval).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1988, one male.
PAPILIONIDAE
Battus montezuma (Westwood).
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, July 27, 1938, one male; September
27, 1938, one specimen. Moretos. Cuautla, July 28, 1938, one specimen.
Battus philenor philenor (Linnaeus).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 27, 1938.
Battus polydamus polydamus (Linnaeus).
Jatisco. Cocula, September 14, 1938.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144,
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
Fietp: Mexican LEPIDOPTERA 351
. Papilio ajax ajax Linnaeus.
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1988, two males. JALisco.
Cocula, September 14, 19388, one male; Tecolotlan, September 4, 1938,
one male.
The specimens from Cocula and Tecolotlan are of the form ampliata
Men. Those from Tierra Colorada are of the aberration or form
ehrmanni Ehr.
Papilio thoas autocles Rothschild & Jordan.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, two specimens,
CamprecHe. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936, one
male.
Papilio cresphontes Cramer.
CampEcHE. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
one female.
Papilio pharnaces Doubl.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 6, 1938.
Papilio garamas garamas Hibner.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938.
Iphiclides phaon Boisduval.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 27, 1938.
This specimen is an example of the form pharazx Godman & Salvin.
It has hithertofore been recorded only from British Honduras.
Iphiclides thymbraeus aconophos (Gray).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 23, 1938. Jatisco. Cocula, September
14, 1938.
Iphiclides epidaus tepicus (Rothschild & Jordan).
JaLisco. Cocula, September 14, 1938, one male.
Iphiclides epidaus fenochionis (Godman & Salvin).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, two males.
Iphiclides agesilaus fortis (Rothschild & Jordan).
GuerRERO. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, sixteen males.
HESPERIOIDEA
HESPERIIDAE ~
PYRRHOPYGINAE
Apyrrothrix araxes araxes (Hewitson).
Jatisco. Tecolotlan, September 11, 1938, one male.
Amenis affinis (H.-S.).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one female.
PYRGINAE
Epargyreus exadeus (Cramer).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one male, one female. San
Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Phocides belus Godman & Salvin.
CamprecHe. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1936,
one female.
Urbanus proteus (Linn.).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, three females.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
166.
Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
. Urbanus dorantes (Stoll).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, two males, two females.
Moretos. Cuautla, July 28, 1938, one male.
Urbanus simplicius (Stoll).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male. Mors-
Los. Cuautla, July 28, 19388, one male. Guerrero. Tierra Colorada.
August 15, 1938, one male.
. Urbanus eurycles (Latreille).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 19388, one female.
. Urbanus undulatus (Hewit.).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one male.
. Chioides albofasciatus (Hewit.).
Moretos. Cuautla, July 28, 1938, two females.
. Codatractus melon melon (Godman & Salvin).
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 6, 1938, one male, one female.
. Telegonus creteus hopffer Plotz.
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one female.
Telemiades megallus Mab.
San Luts Porosr. Huichihuayan, September 25, 19388, one female.
Known before only from Panama.
. Autochton aunus (Fabricius). ‘
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1988, one male; ten
miles south Huicihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
. Autochton pseudocellus (Cool.).
Moretos. Seven miles north of Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one female.
This species was described from Arizona. It is a new record for Mexico.
Cogia calchas (Herrich-Schaeffer).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, one male; Acapulco,
August 16-30, 1938, one male.
Pyrgus syrichtus syrichtus (Fabr.).
Guerrero. Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, two males.
Pyrqus philetas (Edw.).
Jatisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male.
Pyrgus communis albescens Plotz.
Jatisco, Chapala, September 11, 1938, one male, one female. GUERRERO.
Acapulco, August 16-30, one male, one female.
Heliopetes arsalte (Linnaeus).
CampecHe. Hacienda Balchakaj, Rio Chumpan, September 11, 1938
one male.
5. Heliopetes macaira (Reakirt).
Jatisco. Chapala, September 11, 1938, one male.
This specimen is of the form nivella Mab.
Antigonus emorsa Felder.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male. GurrreRo. Tierra
Colorada, one male.
These two males are of the light colored form albimedia Draudt.
. Antigonus erosa Hiibner.
San Luis Porost. Huichihuayan, July 27, 19388, one female; Septem-
ber 25, 1938, one male. Gusprrero. Tierra Colorada. August 15, 1938,
two males.
168.
169.
173.
174.
175.
176.
aa,
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
Firtp: MrxicaAn LEPIDOPTERA 353
Pholisora catullus (Fabricius).
CuinuAnuaA. Chihuahua, July 14, 1938, one female.
Pholisora mejicanus (Reakirt).
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male. Jatisco. Chapala,
September 11, 1938, one female.
. Pholisora sp. (related to ceos Edw.).
Jautisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male.
. Pholisora sp. (close to evippe Godman & Salvin).
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male, one female.
. Achlyodes pallida (Felder).
Micuoacan. Nr. Uruapan, September 18, 1936, one female.
Pellicia bromias Godman & Salvin.
San Luis Potosr. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male.
Erynnis funeralis (Scudder & Burgess).
Moretos. Cuatla, July 28, 1938, one female.
HESPERIINAE
GROUP A
Pamphilida dardaris Godman & Salvin.
Jatisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male, one female; Union de
Tula, September 6, 1938, five males, one female. Moreros. Cuernavaca,
August 3, 1938, one male. Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938,
one male.
Butleria microsticta Godman & Salvin.
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, one male.
Butleria penaea Dyar.
Jatisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male; Union de Tula, Sep-
tember 6, 1938, one male.
Butleria faula Godman & Salvin.
Jatisco. Union de Tula, September 6, 1938, two males.
GROUP B
Ancyloxypha arene (Edw.).
JaLisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, one male.
Copaeodes minima (Edwards).
JaLisco. Cojumatlan, September 9, 1938, one male.
GROUP ©
Yvretta citrus (Mab.).
San Luts Porosi. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male. Gurr- |
RERO. Acapuico, August 16-30, one male.
The male from Acapulco is much darker underneath than the male
from Huichihuayan.
Yvretta carus (Edw.).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, one male, one female
Hylephila phylaeus (Drury).
Guerrero. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, seven males, one female.
Atalopedes campestris (Boisduval).
Moretos. Cuautla, July 28, 1938, one male.
23—2181
188.
189.
Tue UNIversiry ScieNcE BULLETIN
. Polites vibex (Geyer).
Moretos. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1988, one male.
. Polites athenion (Hiibner).
GuerreRO. Tierra Colorada, August 15, 1938, two males, one female;
Acapulco, August 16-30, 1938, one female.
. Cobalus cannae Herrish-Schiffer.
More.os. Cuernavaca, August 3, 1938, two males.
Lerodea neamathla Skinner & Williams.
JaLisco. Cocula, September 17, 1938, one male. Not before recorded
south of Texas.
GROUP D
Panoquina nyctelius (Latreille).
San Luts Porost. Huichihuayan, September 25, 1938, one male, female.
at
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS |
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OcToBeER 1, 1939 | No. 6
Errata in Two Recent Papers on Taphrina
A. J. MIX,
Department of Botany, University of Kansas
N TWO recent papers by the writer on the genus Taphrina (The
Genus Taphrina: I. An Annotated Bibliography, University of
Kansas Science Bulletin 24:9:113-149. II. A List of Valid Species,
Ibid 9:151-176:1936) certain errors and omissions occur.
Another reference should have been included in the bibliography:
Lind, J. Danish Fungi as represented in the herbarium of E.
Rostrup. Copenhagen, 1913. Lists the species of Taphrina known
in Denmark.
In the species list, an additional host, Polystichum acrostichoides
(Michx.) Schott, should have been given for Taphrina filicina Rostr.
This is an omission only because these papers are compilations from
the literature and present no new information concerning species of
Taphrina. Actually the fungus on Christmas fern is not Taphrina
filicina, but Taphrina Polystichi Mix.* Another host, Prunus nigra
Ait., should be added for 7. communis (Sadeb.) Giesenhag.
Certain undescribed species mentioned in the bibliography are not
included in the species list. Three species: Taphrina Blechni on
Blechnum sp., T. Selaginellae on Selaginella Menzies, and T. Fagi
on Fagus sp., are not mentioned in either paper. The only reference
to these fungi that has been found is their mention (without author-
citations) by Laubert in the latest edition of Sorauer’s Handbuch
der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Presumably the names and descriptions
are to be found with herbarium specimens accessible to Laubert.
Number 30 in the species list, “Taphrina alni-incanae (Kihn)
Magn.” should by strict adherence to the principle of priority be
called Taphrina amentorum (Sadeb.) Rostr.
* Mix, A. J. Species of Taphrina on North American Ferns. Mycologia 30:5:563-579.
1938.
(355)
356 Tuer UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
In paper I: page 121, citation 46, “Quescus” should read ‘“‘Quer-
cus’; page 124, citation 56, “Johansen, C. L.” should read “Johanson,
C. J.”; page 126, citation 63, “Quescus” should read “Quercus”;
citation 64, the date 1896 should be “1886”; page 182, citation 86,
“Meechan” should read “Meehan”; page 140, citation 131, “Taph-
rina theobromae Fab.” should be “Taphrina bussei Fab.” In paper
II, page 161, under species 41, “B. ordorata” should read “B. odor-
ata” ; page 168, under species 70a, “your” should read “young”; page
175, under species 101, ““Exoascus sebastinae” should be “Exoascus
sebastianae.”
Since these two papers are, as stated earlier, compilations from
the literature, questions of priority are not likely to arise. Never-
theless it seems proper to mention that in spite of the date which
they bear, July 15, 1936, they did not actually appear in print until
February, 1938.
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XX VI] Octoser 1, 1939 [No.7
Morphological Differences in Taphrina Caerulescens
_Upon Different Species of Quercus
EDNA OLD THOMPSON,
Department of Botany, University of Kansas
Apsrracr: The range of size of the asci of Taphrina caerulescens (Desm.)
Tul. should be extended from 40-80y, x 15-25y, as given in the literature to
30-120y, 11-84y, as shown by a study of a large number of infected host
species.
The form of the asci of 7. caerulescens varies upon different hosts, as does
also their manner of insertion between the epidermal cells. The bases of many
of the asci show well-developed rhizoidal appendages while upon others the
bases are blunt or merely tapered.
Taphrina rubrobrunnea (Pk.) Sace. is similar in its morphology to Taphrina
caerulescens (Desm.) Tul. and is therefore referred to that species.
Since Taphrina Kruchii (Vuill.) Sace. is reported to produce witches’ brooms
and geotropic curvature of the twigs of its host, it should be retained as a
separate species, although its asci are similar in form to those of 7’. caerulescens.
Some evidences of biological specialization of Taphrina caerulescens lave
been- observed. Further investigation of such specialization by means of cross-
inoculation experiments is desirable.
REVIOUS studies of Taphrina caerulescens (Desm.) Tul. have
been concerned with the effects of the fungus on the host, the
dimensions of the asci and spores and, to some extent, with the shape
of the asci and their manner of insertion in the host tissue. Little
attention has been given to differences in the morphology of the
asci on differént host species.
Ascomyces caerulescens Desm. and Mont. was described by
Desmaziéres (1) as having no mycelium, the “sporangium”’ consti-
tuting the entire fungus. Sporangia (asci) were cylindrical, obtuse
at the apex, 1/20 mm. (50y.) long and 1/60 mm. (16.6y.) thick. This
new genus Ascomyces was not clearly distinguished from the existing
(357)
358 Tue UNIversity SCIENCE BULLETIN
genus Taphrina, and A. caerulescens was therefore renamed Ta-
phrina caerulescens by Tulasne (15).
Ascomyces alutaceus Thm. was described by von Thiimen (14)
from the leaves of Quercus pubescens Willd., as having broadly
cylindrical or nearly oblong asci, narrowed at the base, obtusely
truncate at the top, 28-36 mm. long and 20 mm. broad. (Presum-
ably microns were meant rather than millimeters.) Saccardo (11)
emended the description of A. alutaceus from the leaves of Quercus
robur L., giving as measurements for the asci: length, 35-40y;
breadth, 20u. This fungus was reduced to synonymy by Giesen-
hagen (3), becoming Taphrina caerulescens (Desm. and Mont.) Tul.
Taphrina caerulescens was again described from leaves of Quercus
pubescens Willd. by Sadebeck (12). His measurements for the asci
were: 55-70u < 15-20u.. Sadebeck observed that the asci sometimes
penetrated between epidermal cells as much as 25y. if the bases of the
asci were much narrowed, or only about 10» if the bases were
relatively blunt.
The measurements given by Peck (8) for the asci of Ascomyces
extensus Pk. on leaves of Quercus macrocarpa Michx. were: .002-
0025 in. (50-62.5y.) long, .0009-.0011 in. (22.5-27.5u.) broad. This
fungus was referred to Taphrina caerulescens by Farlow (2).
Peck (9) also described as new, Ascomyces rubrobrunneus Pk.
from the leaves of Quercus rubra L. The asci were oblong, truncate
at the apex, .002-.003 in. (50-75y.) long by .0006-.0009 in. (15-22.5y.)
broad. Peck distinguished this fungus from Ascomyces alutaceus
Thm. by the color of the spots, larger asci and different shape of
the spores, and it has never been reduced to synonymy.
Kruch (6) reported a new species of Taphrina which caused
witches’ brooms, swelling and geotropic curvature of twigs, of
Quercus Ilex L. This fungus was described as Exoascus Kruchu by
Vuillemin (17), who found that it differed from Taphrina caerules-
cens in the dimensions of the asci and in that the hymenium covered
the whole lower surface of the leaf. According to Vuillemin, the
asci of H. kruchii are 72-80y. long, 21-23y broad, and have a footlike
base inserted beneath the cuticle. The protruding portion is nar-
rowed into a neck at the point of emergence and the ascus is swollen
slightly at the tip. Sadebeck (13) and Giesenhagen (3) reported
the measurements of the asci of Taphrina Kruchii (Vuill.) Sace. as
65-75u. * 15-20u, broadened at the base to 30-40. Sadebeck also
observed “haustorium-like projections” into the tissue.
Patterson (7) had available for her studies specimens of Taphrina
ok ih
THompson: MorrHoLoGcicaAL DirrERENCES 359
caerulescens on Quercus velutina Lam., Q. rubra L., Q. alba L., Q.
coccinea Muench., Q. phellos L., Q. Douglasti Hook. and Arn., Q.
nigra L. and Q. laurifolia Michx. She found the asci often am-
phigenous, rounded at the apex, 40-80¥ 15-25y. One or more
processes extended in between the epidermal cells for 10-20y, the
longer processes were two or three to an ascus, the shorter and
blunt processes one to an ascus. Presumably this description was
made from a study of the fungus on a number of the hosts men-
tioned above. Patterson’s figure of 7. caerulescens as occurring on
Quercus phellos L. shows asci with bases somewhat tapered and
projecting between the epidermal cells.
Giesenhagen (3) illustrated an ascus of Taphrina caerulescens
with a tapered base, and gave measurements of the asci as 55-70y.
18-24...
Jaczewski (4) distinguished a variety of J. caerulescens on
Quercus coccifera L. The asci of this fungus, T’aphrina caerulescens
var. Quercus-cocciferae lacked rhizoids, and were seated on the
epidermis.
Jankowska (5) found asei of T. caerulescens on various hosts to
be of two types: (1) clavate asci, gradually narrowed to a point
at the base and inserted, and (2) cylindrical asci, sessile by a broad
base. Jankowska reported the size of asci as 55-80u * 18-24u.
The studies! to be reported here are concerned with the morphol-
ogy of the asci of Taphrina caerulescens on thirty-six different
species of Quercus. The list of host species is undoubtedly not com-
plete, but it is sufficiently long to indicate the variability of the
fungus from host to host. The nomenclature followed for the
American oaks is that of Trelease (16) and for foreign oaks of
Rehder (10) or of Index Kewensis.
In table 1 is presented a compilation of the measurements of the
ascl of T. caerulescens on the different species of oaks studied.
From this table it may be seen that the asci of Taphrina caerules-
cens on the different species of oaks vary in size from 30y to 120y.
in length, and from 11p to 34y in width. The largest asci were found
on Quercus geminata, 2. coccinea and Q. Douglasii, and some of the
smallest on Q. Cerris, Q. macrocarpa, and Q. undulata.
In addition to differences in size, much variation occurs in the
form of the asci on the different species of oaks. In general, they
1. Grateful acknowledgement is hereby made to Dr. A. J. Mix for suggesting this prob-
lem, for advice and encouragement throughout, and for the use of material. Specimens have
also been received from various localities in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia and
Africa. Space does not permit separate acknowledgment to the many contributors who have
so generously made these studies possible. 5
360 Tue UNIversity ScipencE BULLETIN
TABLE I
Dimensions in microns of the asci of 7. caerulescens
Upon Different Species of Quercus
T
|
Number of
Host Species. Dimensions of asci. | specimens
examined.
Quercis acuissumd Carruth)... 6s bce ck cated eee 50- 92 X 15-27 2
COGVAITGING N66 25s re pare Shs eg ate eT 46- 68 X 15-19 1
TAG (7 il (is PO PED Ae Erte PR ee ETC A PT oy A 49-103 X 15-34 3
borealas Michx Res 424 te ie er Pe ee EE eee 46— 76 X 15-30 1
Genel 4 2ct2 e855 eh ne Gite ie eC noe 30-— 72 X 11-23 3
cinerea Machi. -!: 20.0 toon eee ae ees 42-— 68 X 15-23 1
cocci {era Tr... hace pce eee Sete en eae at 46— 84 X 11-27 4
coccinea. Mikench :\432,20. Aik cea he ae 68-118 XX 13-30 1
emspula-~Blumé:a.qya soo Sheen toes een, eater 46- 92 X 14-23 1
dentata Thun bia. a2 acta ees ee etna ae ree 57— 84 X 138-22 2
Douglasi Hook, and Arms 4.04 atone oe eee 65-118 X 19-28 1
eliapepidalig US <2 See ator ter aie eect een, See 57-104 X 15-30 ib
PIUMACOSAIBLOGE., Meese a Bae Re ore el ee 38- 65 X 11-19 1
geninaiaamall Sibel eae ee ee Silt 75-120 X 15-27 1
georgiana Curtiss: 4et wrk ore ee be 49-— $84 X 19-30 1
ALCL OU AVV SANE, Meters (eet niger cg ote i en AS ee 46— 84 X 15-27 2
wn bracar7a IM GDX ateeaaie etapa Aaa ieee oh ices 49- 91 X 11-30 3
Kelloggi-Newb'-2-°.- toncate Xo ce ee 65-106 X 19-27 1
LAMUpIN OSs THUWING hh re ae has ane eee Oa 538-— 84 X 15-27 2
lawrifolia Mischx 182. 2. Sc ieve oe Pie ee ae 57— 95 X 15-27 2
LabGIGIING GZ. a.. -a o ahs SERS kt ee ote ea ea 50- 87 X 17-23 ny
MACTOCAT-DAANLICD Ba 0 . atextee te and he ein Fe ee ee 38- 76 X 15-27 3
MATALAN ALCO NIGENCH 22 tse Eee ae ee eee 53-103 X 11-26 2
TAATAING GA SOO oe: dtr ever TRE chee PPE ie Ree aes 46— 95 X 13-30 5
MarbveckiDurien? 39. a Oa ee OR en aan 46-— 84 X 19-27 1
USOT Mie re cocks aka tes Ae Oe eC Ee Ae 65— 95 X 19-34 2
palustris Muench: * > a. Ae aie eee chee Car 54-— 84 X 19-27 1
PRE OS LG ate es ea kale Oe Oe OE ee ee 46- 76 X 11-19 1
TUG Va secre ls 3 Sisal sehr eis EE, cles aloeee eels tes 57- 99 X 17-25 1
FOUUR WS. hoger seach Sik eee See en ee 50- 84 X 19-25 1
ET Tas itoukl Wal bpal oath YR RS RIO BESET S co cman | lr ewrt « 64— 92 X 18-30 1
CES ONASOSUSD cradl Prete tis ss 2 et cee 46-72 X 15-27 2
stellata’ W sng birce ters gece te Oe Ma a eine OPE 57— 80 X 15-27 i
UNAM ata (LOLs ee ea APOE eee de eva ahora ae ct tes 38— 84 X 15-27 2
DeluliNn@ LAO eek ete td aces tee tele ie ee 49- 95 X 15-27 if
margentana Nialereriyciece ecco hie oie a iete fe Panter cit a cers 68- 95 X 15-23 2
are cylindrical or club-shaped and somewhat flattened at the apex.
Frequently they are slightly constricted at the point of emergence
from the host tissue. The bases of the asci may be seated on the
epidermal cells of the host or somewhat inserted between them.
Commonly the bases of the asci are gradually tapered and thus
wedged closely between adjacent cells of the host epidermis (Plate
XXXIX, Q. geminata through Q. fruticosa). The asci formed on
Quercus Kelloggii or on Q. alba are blunt or slightly rounded at the
base. On certain hosts the asci have deeply inserted projections
Tuompson: MorrpHo.uocicaAL DirreERENCES 361
which may clasp the epidermal cells of the host. The asci on Q.
borealis and on Q. Cerris very frequently show such rhizoidal elon-
gations (Plate XX XIX).
The asci formed upon any one host species are rather constant in
size and shape. This became especially evident in those cases (Q.
maxima, Q. velutina) in which study was made of several specimens
collected at different times and in different places. They may, how-
ever, be variable with regard to the form of the base and its manner
of insertion.
In Plates XXXVIII and XXXIX an attempt has been made to
show differences in both size and morphology for all forms studied.
In these figures each ascus has been drawn median size, as expressed
by the measurements in Table I. In addition bases of asci have
been shown for each form, representing every type of ascus base seen
on each host species.
With respect to the form of the base and the manner of insertion in
the host tissue, it is possible to recognize two host groups. The
following oaks usually show asci with one or more rhizoidal projec-
tions: Quercus acutissima, Q. borealis, Q. Cerris, Q. coccifera, Q.
coccinea, &. ellipsoidalis, Q. georgiana, Q. ilicifolia, Q. imbricaria,
(). lanuginosa, Q. macrocarpa, Q. marilandica, Q. maxima, Q. Mir-
becku, Q. mgra, Q. palustris, and. Q. velutina. The occurrence of
rhizoids in the fungus on ®. coccifera seems to invalidate the descrip-
tion by Jaczewski (4) of a variety on this host.
The host species upon which the asci are usually flattened, or
merely tapered for close insertion between the epidermal cells are:
Quercus alba, Q. cinerea, Q. fruticosa, Q. geminata, Q. dentata, Q.
Kelloggit, Q. laurifolia, Q. phellos, ®. robur, Q. sessiliflora Q. stellata,
QM. undulata, and Q. virginiana.
When, however, size-differences in the asci are taken into account
as well as the type of ascus base, it is no longer possible to divide
the forms studied into two well-defined groups. In fact if an attempt
were made to divide Taphrina caerulescens into subspecies or varie-
ties on the basis of ascus morphology, a separate category would
need to be made for nearly every host species.
At present, little can be reported concerning the extent of biologi-
cal specialization among forms of Taphrina caerulescens. That such
specialization may exist is evidenced by the following observations:
A. J. Mix? found in 1937, near Camdenton, Mo., a single heavily
infected tree of Quercus velutina standing in a thicket of young trees
of Q. macrocarpa all of them entirely free from the disease. R. H.
362 Tue UNIversity SCIENCE BULLETIN
Thompson? has frequently seen, in the vicinity of Amherst, Mass.,
badly infected trees of Q. maxima growing near uninfected trees of
@. alba. Specimens were received in 1938, from Dr. E. A. Bessey
with note enclosed calling attention to scant infection of Q. coccinea
and abundant infection of Q. borealis Michx. in the same locality
(Huron county, Michigan). Dr. H. N. Hansen has observed® that
in a garden at Saratoga, Cal., a tree of Q. Kelloggw bore numerous
infections, while a tree of Q. lobata with intermingling branches
showed none, and a tree of Q. agrifolia growing about twenty-five
feet away was also free of infection. That these species are sus-
ceptible to forms of the fungus in other localities is apparent from
the numerous infected specimens received.
H. H. Wedgworth (18) reported that in Mississippi in 1926
Taphrina caerulescens attacked nearly all species of oaks, being most
severe on Quercus nigra L. and Q. rubra L., while Q. phellos L.
showed marked resistance.
Since Taphrina caerulescens does not occur in the vicinity of
Lawrence, Kan., the nearest known station being fifteen miles dis-
tant, oaks growing out of doors at Lawrence can be inoculated with-
out danger of infection from natural sources. Accordingly, in early
spring, 1937, several trees of three species: Q. macrocarpa, Q. palus-
tris, and Q. Muhlenbergu were inoculated with cultures of JT. caeru-
lescens from the following hosts: Quercus marilandica, Q. maxima,
Q. virginiana, Q. velutina, Q. laurifolia, Q. Kelloggu. No infection
resulted, presumably because no rain ensued until after the leaves
were out and well grown. Further cross-inoculation experiments
would be very desirable.
In addition to the forms recognized as belonging to Taphrina
caerulescens, two other fungi which have been considered to be
separate species have been studied: Taphrina rubrobrunnea (Pk.)
Sace. and JT. Kruchiwi (Vuill.) Sacec. Type material of T. rubro-
brunnea upon Quercus maxima Ashe was examined. The asci were
found to agree closely in size and shape with those of Taphrina
caerulescens upon the same host. Obviously this species is synony-
mous with, and is here referred to Taphrina caerulescens (Desm.)
Tul.
Examination of a leaf fragment of Quercus Ilex L. infected with
Taphrina Kruchii, showed the whole lower surface covered with asci.
2. Reported in personal conversation with the writer.
3. Reported in a letter from Dr. H. Earl Thomas. In personal conversation Doctor
Hansen expressed the opinion that leaves of Q. agrifolia (an evergreen oak) may not have been
susceptible at the time leaves of Q. Kelloggii became infected.
Tuompson: MorrHouocicAL DIrrERENCES 363
In size and shape the asci were similar to those of 7. caerulescens.
However, 7’. Kruchii should, for the present, at least, be retained as
a separate species since, according to Kruch (6), it produces witches’
brooms, deformation and geotrophic curvature of the twigs of its
host.
The morphology of the ascus, including size, shape, and presence
or absence of a stalk cell, has always been the basis of species-
differentiation within the genus Taphrina. It would be perfectly
possible to divide Taphrina caerulescens into a number of new
species on ascus size and shape. For example, the fungus on Quercus
borealis and that on Q. Kelloggi are widely different, and the treat-
ment of them as separate species would be quite in line with the
procedure of various mycologists in describing different species of
Taphrina on different species of such host genera as Betula and
Prunus. The first of these “new species” might easily include also
the fungi on Quercus Cerris and Q. macrocarpa. If, however, the
forms on Q. lanuginosa and Q. ilicifolia were added a good begin-
ning would have been made toward including all or nearly all of the
forms here illustrated in one species, which, of course, would be 7.
caerulescens. The alternative would be to erect a new species for
each new host species. Such a procedure is, of course, undesirable,
in fact any subdivision of the existing species should not be at-
tempted until more is known of the biological peculiarities of Ta-
phrina caerulescens on different species of oaks. The differences in
morphology that have been observed point, however, to the great
desirability of learning more about these biological relationships.
Taphrina caerulescens then, may be said to include those forms of
Taphrina which affect the leaves only (not attacking twigs or caus-
ing witches’ brooms) of many species of Quercus, producing definite
spots or blisters, or occasionally deforming the entire leaf. The asci
may be produced on either or both sides of the leaf. They may be
cylindrical or club-shaped and vary in length from 30-120. and
in diameter from 11-34. Their means of insertion between the
epidermal cells varies from a blunt, seated or slightly inserted base
to deeply inserted bases with well-developed rhizoidal appendages.
These appendages in some cases grow partially around the epidermal
cells and so are firmly anchored to them. The ascospores are rarely
seen, but the asci are filled with numerous small conidia.
364 Tue UnIversiry SciIENcE BULLETIN
LITERATURE CITED
1. Desmazipres, J. B. H. J. Seiziéme notice sur les plantes cryptogames
recement decouvertes en France. Ann. d. Sci. Nat. 3° ser. Botanique,
10 :342-3861. 1848.
2. Farrow, W.G. A provisional host index of the fungi of the United States.
Cambridge, 1888.
3. GIESENHAGEN, K. Die entwickelungsreihen der parasitischen Exoasceen,
Flora, 81:267-361. 1895.
4. Jaczpwsk1, A. A. (Pocket key for the determination of fungi. Part first,
Exoascales.) In Russian. A. A. Jaezewski Mycol. Lab. State Inst. of
Exper. Agr. Leningrad, 1926.
5. JANKowsKA, K. Zewnetrzniaki polski. Mem. Inst. National Polonais
d’Econ. Rur a’ Pulawy, 9:182-215. 1928.
6. Krucu, O. Sopra un caso di deformazione (Scopazzo) di rami dell ’Elce.
Malpighia, 4:424-430. 1890.
7. Parrerson, F. W. A Study of North American Parasitic Exoascaceae.
Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, 3:89-135. 1895.
8. Peck, C. H. Report of the Botanist. New York State Mus. Nat.. Hist.
Ann. Rept., 39:30-73. 1886.
9. ——— Report of the Botanist. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. Ann.
Rept., 40:39-77. 1887.
10. Reuper, A. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs. The Macmillan Co.,
New York, 1927.
11. Saccarpo, P. A. Fungi Dalmatici Pauci. Michelia, 2:150-153. 1882.
12. SapesBeck, R. Untersuchungen iiber die pilzgattung Exoascus und die durch
dieselbe um Hamburg hervorgerufenen baumkrankheiten. Jahrb. d.
Hamburg. Wissensch. Anst., 1:93-124. 1884.
Die parasitischen Exoasceen, eine monographie. Jahrb. d. Hamburg.
Wissensch, Anst., 10:5-110. 1893.
14. THtMeEN, F. von. Zwei neue blattbewohnende Ascomyceten der flora von
Wien. Verhandl. d. k. k. Zool. Bot. Ges. in Wien, 29 :523-524. 1880.
15. Turasne, L. R. Super Friesiano Taphrinarum genere, et Acyptolospore
Mazieriana, accedente Ustilaginis marinae. Ann. d. Sci. Nat. 5° Ser.
Botanique, 5:122-136. 1866.
16. Tretease, W. The American Oaks. National Academy of Sciences. Mem-
oirs, Vol. XX. 1924.
17. Vuititemin, P. L’ Exoascus kruchii sp. nov. Rev. Mycol., 18:141-142. 1892.
18. WepcworrH, H. H. Leaf Blister of Oak. Mississippi State Plant Board.
Quart. Bull., 6:10-12. 1926.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Pirate XXXVIII. Asci of Taphrina caerulescens on various species of
Quercus. Fach ascus is drawn median size (500), and various types of
ascus-base are shown for each post-species.
Pirate XXXIX. Asci of Taphrina caerulescens on various species of
Quercus (see legend for Plate XXVIII).
Tuompson: MorpHonoGicAL DIrrERENCES 36
PLATE XXXVIII
jf uy
Q@. serrata 0. crisPula QO Dougiasi' OG coccinea
“ 0. ae QO. rubra O.marilandica
i Ae VI
!velutind a Osgorsiana so”
i lanuginosa Qacutissim
Gimbricariad OPalustris Aly Gmaxima OMirbeckil
366 Tue University ScreENcE BULLETIN
PLATE XXXIX
NOY
Q. coccifera Q. borealis Qmacrocarpa Q.cerris
41 Als
G.seminata 0. Kellogg O.virginiana G0. laurifolia
ELOY
O.dentata QOstellata QO. robur OQ. phellos QO. sessiliflora
tht OO
Qundulata Caarifolia O.alba G.cinerea 0. fruticosa
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OcToBER 1, 1939 [No.8
A New Synaptomys from the Pleistocene
CLAUDE W. HIBBARD,
Kansas University, Museum of Vertebrate Paleontology, Lawrence, Kan.
Apstract: A new lemming, Synaptomys bunker, is described from the
Pleistocene. The associated vertebrate fauna includes Archidiskodon imperator
(Leidy), fragments of a small duck and fish. A list of associated invertebrate
species is given.
INTRODUCTION
URING the summer of 1937, while collecting on the XI Ranch
in Meade county, Kansas, we secured a few vertebrate remains
from a Pleistocene deposit. Among them is an apparently new
Synaptomys. The geology of this section is being studied by Dr.
H. T. U. Smith and will appear at an early date. For the new lem-
ming I wish to propose the name:
Synaptomys bunker sp. nov.
Holotype. No. 4610, Kansas University Museum of Vertebrate
Paleontology; right lower jaw, bearing M, and M,. Collected by
the Museum Field Party, July, 1937.
Horizon and type locality. Pleistocene, K. U. M. V. P. Locality
No. 5, twenty-one miles south of Meade, Kan.
Diagnosis. Belongs to the subgenus Synaptomys; M,, anterior
loop with broadly confluent pair of triangles, with greatly reduced
outer anterior salient angle; anterior enamel border of the second
outer salient angle in line with the posterior enamel border of the
third inner salient angle; M,, with well developed second alternat-
ing triangle; larger than Synaptomys cooperi gossi.
Description of type. Teeth rootless; cement present in reéntrant
folds; incisor passes completely lingual to molar series, but broken so
(367)
368 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
that the posterior termination is unknown; mental foramen normal
in position but slightly larger than that of Synaptomys coopert gossv;
pit present between M, and coronoid process; two large foramina
opposite outer border of M,. M, consists of three outer and three
inner salient angles, a posterior loop, three alternating closed tri-
angles, the first and third are internal, the anterior loop is formed
by a broadly confluent pair of triangles which greatly reduce the
outer anterior salient angle. The apex of the second outer salient
angle is nearly opposite the apex of the third inner salient angle, so
that the anterior enamel border of the second outer salient angle is in
line with the posterior enamel border of the third inner salient angle.
While in Synaptomys coopert the apex of the second outer salient
angle meets the posterior enamel border of the third inner salient
angle nearly at midpoint instead of nearly opposite its apex. Thus
the anterior enamel border of the second outer salient angle of S.
cooper? is not in line with the posterior enamel border of the third
inner salient angle as in Synaptomys bunkert. The second alternat-
ing closed triangle is truncated. M., with two outer and two inner
salient angles, posterior transverse loop and three alternating closed
triangles; the second alternating triangle well developed; apex of the
second outer salient angle opposite the apex of the second inner
salient angle. Anteroposterior diameter of M,, 2.8mm., antero-
posterior diameter of M,, 2.2mm. The dentition of Synaptomys
bunkeri is heavier than that of S. coopert. The lower teeth having
a slightly greater anteroposterior and transverse diameter, also the
entire jaw is slightly larger and more heavily built.
Remarks. Synaptomys bunkeri is distinguished from the fossil
form, Synaptomys australis Simpson, by its smaller size. Syn-
aptomys annexus (Peterson) and Synaptomys vetus Wilson belong
to the subgenus Mictomys and therefore need no comparison. In
size the new form corresponds rather closely to Synaptomys coopert
gossi (Coues) ; it is distinguished by a heavier dentition and by the
pattern of M,. A series of dentition patterns of Synaptomys c. gossi
are figured showing the range of variation in the recent form studied.
I am indebted to Mr. Gerrit 8. Miller, Jr., of the United States
National Museum for the loan of specimens and permission to figure
them. Figures 2 and 3 represent the extreme end of variation in a
series of over 150 individuals of Synaptomys c. gossi studied which
are nearest to Synaptomys bunkeri in pattern. These were the only
two found representing any approach to the fossil form. The figures
are arranged in a series to show the entire variation in dentition
Hissparp: A New SyNAPromMys 369
pattern encountered while studying the recent form. The series does
not represent a true variation due to wear; for if it is noted, it will
be seen that the series represents all ages and sexes arranged in any
order to show the extremes of dentition pattern. Figures 6, 7 and 8
represent over ninety percent of the dentition patterns observed in
adult specimens.
This species is named for Mr. C. D. Bunker, Curator of Birds and
Mammals, who made possible a combined field trip with the Mu-
seum of Vertebrate Paleontology during the summer of 1936, at
which time were located the Meade county fossil deposits.
Associated fauna. The vertebrate remains were taken from a
zone of clay in which occurred an abundance of invertebrates. I am
indebted to Dr. Frank C. Baker for the identification of the in-
vertebrates, with the exception of the Physa, which were identified
by Dr. W. J. Clench. The associated invertebrates are as follows:
Succinea grosvenort Lea, common; Stagnicola caperata (Say), rare;
Gyraulus altissimus (Baker), common; Physa anatina Lea, very
abundant; Physa hawnw Lea, very abundant; Helisoma trivolvis
lentum (Say), very abundant.
Doctor Baker makes the following comment on the deposit, “It is
predominantly a fresh water one, the few land shells have been
washed in by rain (or otherwise). All the freshwater species are
pulmonates, no water breathers being present. This would indicate
that the body of water was not very deep. It might have been a
sluggish river.”
In the deposit was found fragmentary fish material; the distal end
of an ulna (No. 4612 K. U. M. V. P.) belonging to a small-sized
duck (identified by Dr. A. Wetmore) and two associated upper
molars (No. 46386 K. U. M. V. P.) of Archidiskodon imperator
(Leidy).
24—2181
370 THe UNIvEeRSITY ScrENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XL
Fig. 1. Synaptomys bunkeri Hibbard, holotype, No. 4610 K. U. M. V. P.;
diagram of enamel pattern of right M; and My. & 10.
Fic. 2. Synaptomys coopert gosst (Coues), K. U. No. 4626; diagram of
enamel pattern of right My and Mp» of old adult ¢. 10.
Fic. 3. Synaptomys cooperi gosst (Coues), U.S. N. M. No. 254163; diagram
of enamel pattern of right My and Mp of adult. 10.
Fia. 4. Synaptomys cooper gosst (Coues), U. 8. N. M. No. 101886; diagram
of enamel pattern of right My and My of immature. X 10.
Fia. 5. Synaptomys cooperi gosst (Coues), U.S. N. M. No. 190863; diagram
of enamel pattern of right M1 and Me of young adult. X 10.
Fic. 6. Synaplomys cooperi gossi (Coues), K. U. No. 4710; diagram of
enamel pattern of right My and Mo of adult 9. 10.
Fic. 7. Synaptomys coopert gossi (Coues), K. U. No. 4735; diagram of
enamel pattern of right My and Mo of adult ¢. X10.
Fia. 8. Synaptomys cooperi gossi (Coues), K. U. No. 50380; diagram of
enamel pattern of right M1 and Mos of adult 9. > 10.
All drawings were made by Miss Frances B. Watson excepting figures 1 and
2, which were drawn by Walter Yost.
Hissarp: A New SYNAPTOMYS
PAE Xx
—
a |
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XX VI] OcToBEerR 1, 1939 [No. 9
A New Pycnodont Fish from the Upper Cretaceous of
Russell County, Kansas
CLAUDE W. HIBBARD,
Kansas University, Museum of Vertebrate Paleontology, Lawrence, Kan.
ABSTRACT.
A new Pyenodont fish, Coelodus streckert sp. nov. is described
from the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas. The type is based on a nearly complete
prevomer with teeth.
R. H. D. O'BRIEN, of Russell, Kan., recently sent to the
museum for identification, a nearly complete prevomer of a
Pycnodont fish collected by Mr. Ernest Strecker, of Paradise, Kan.
Mr. Strecker has kindly donated the specimen to the museum since
it represents apparently an undescribed species of the genus Coelo-
dus. This is the first remains of a Pyenodont fish to be found in the
Upper Cretaceous of Kansas.
Coelodus streckeri sp. nov.
(Plate XLI, figs. 1 and 2)
Holotype. No. 946F, Kansas University, Museum of Vertebrate
Paleontology. Prevomer plate nearly complete. Collected by Ernest
Strecker, July 1, 1938.
Horizon and type locality. Carlile Shale, Upper Cretaceous, two
and one-half miles south and one-half mile east of Paradise, Russell
county (locality No. 3), Kansas.
Diagnosis. Size, large, median teeth elipsoid, posterior surface not
concave.
Description of type. Prevomer larger than that of Coelodus
gyrodoides Egerton. Five longitudinal rows of acrodont teeth. The
internal lateral rows longer than the median row. Greatest width
of dentitional series 44.9mm. The anterior portion of the prevomer
(373)
374 THe University ScrencE BULLETIN
inissing. The left outer row of lateral teeth are 8 in number, measur-
ing 55.2 mm., while those of the right side are 7 in number in both
rows measuring 46 mm. and 51 mm., respectively. The teeth of the
lateral rows are rounded in shape in the posterior part of the row,
gradually becoming elipsoid as one passes anteriorly. The last
two teeth in the anterior portion of the lateral rows are quadrangular
in outline. The posterior border of all of the lateral teeth are con-
vex. The teeth of the lateral rows have shallow apical depressions
which are not wrinkled. The teeth of the median row are elipsoid,
with shallow apical depression transversely placed with a tendency
for a ridge to be developed along posterior border of apical depres-
sion. Crowns not wrinkled. The length of the median row of teeth
is approximately 52mm. The measurements of the teeth of the
median row are taken from the posterior to the anterior; (first
posterior tooth missing) second tooth, transverse width 12.4 mm.,
anteroposterior diameter 6.7 mm.; third tooth, transverse width 12.8
mm., anteroposterior diameter 6.7 mm.; fourth tooth, transverse
width 11.5 mm., anteroposterior diameter 6.8 mm.; fifth tooth, trans-
verse width 10.7 mm., anteroposterior diameter 6.2 mm.; sixth tooth,
transverse width 9.5 mm., anteroposterior diameter 6.0 mm.; seventh
tooth, transverse width 8.7 mm., anteroposterior diameter 5.7 mm.
The oral surface of the fused prevomer looking across the crowns
of the teeth is strongly convex. On the superior side of the prevomer
is a heavily developed median ridge. At the posterior end of the
prevomer is a deep concavity.
The genus Coelodus has heretotore been known only from the
Lower Cretaceous of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas in North Amer-
ica. The species known from Kansas is Coelodus stantoni Williston
from the Kiowa shales, near Belvidere, Kiowa county, Kansas.
This species is named for Mr. Ernest Strecker, who collected and
donated the specimen to the Museum of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Hipparp: A New Pycnopont Fisu
PLATE XLI
Fig. 1. Coelodus streckeri, sp. nov., oral view of prevomer, holotype No.
946F, K. U. M. V. P. Approximately 3/2 natural size.
See text for measure-
ments and description.
Fig. 2. Coelodus streckeri, sp. nov. lateral view of left side of prevomer
showing outer row of teeth, holotype No. 946F, K. U. M. V. P.. Approximately
3/2 natural size. See text for measurements and description.
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OcTOBER 1, 1939 [ No. 10
The Dermestid Method of Cleaning Skeletons
OTTO W. TIEMEIER,
Museum of Birds and Mammals, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
Arstrract: The dermestid beetle method of cleaning skeletons and skulls has
been used in the University of Kansas Museum of Birds and Mammals for a
number of years. Discussions of the procedure, the requisites of a bug room,
the advantages of the method, and suggestions as to the successful utilization
of the beetles are given.
OR a number of years the University of Kansas Museum of Birds
and Mammals has been using dermestid beetles very successfully
in cleaning skeletons. The use of these beetles for this purpose was
begun in this institution over twenty years ago. At that time the
black carpet beetle Attagenus piceus, a dermestid, was such a mu-
seum pest that a student, Dix Teachenor, working on small bird
skulls, attempted to protect his specimens by enclosing them in tin
‘ans. Later Mr. C. D. Bunker, in charge of the University of Kan-
sas Museum of Birds and Mammals, upon opening the beetle-proot
containers, found these delicate skulls cleaned and completely intact,
and the compartment quite active with dermestids. The skulls which
had been so painstakingly enclosed had, unknown to Mr. Teachenor,
already been infested with dermestid eggs.
For some time these small dermestids were used by Mr. Bunker
for skeleton cleaning, which was done in a specially constructed
bug room.
The custom of hanging carcasses out to dry led to the use of the
larger dermestid Dermestes vulpinus, herein referred to as “bugs,”
which, enclosed in similar containers, did the work much more
quickly.
The University of Kansas Museum is, however, still using the
small black carpet beetle for skeletal cleaning which the larger
378 THe University ScrENCE BULLETIN
beetles refuse or fail to accomplish, for although they are much
slower, they will eventually clean nearly any specimen
The University of Kansas Museum has had numerous requests
for colonies of the larger beetles and for information as to how they
should be used. Hall and Russell (1933) have described the teeh-
nique used at the Museum of Vertebrate Zodlogy, University of
California. The methods have been improved and greatly simplified
since that time.
It is a very simple matter to acquire a colony of dermestids.
Anyone who has ever disturbed an animal carcass has seen these
brownish-grey beetles with their floury abdomens and the prickly
brown larvae scurrying out of the light. They can be found in
large numbers under any old carcass that may be seen out in the
open, or from a carcass that has been hung out to dry for several
days.
The room in which these bugs are housed need not be very elabo-
rate, but there are a number of requisites to be kept in mind when
it is built. The beetles will migrate during the spring months and
the collections of skins of the museum should be in a separate build-
ing. The size depends upon the number of specimens that it is in-
tended to hold. At the University of Kansas Museum we have a
room about fifteen by thirty feet. The room should be insect proof
as nearly as possible. The walls, floor, and ceiling should be plas-
tered smoothly so that spiders and cockroaches can be kept at a
minimum.
In our bug room the windows are small and sereened with fine
copper mesh. They are tightly sealed during the winter, but may be
opened in the summer to regulate the temperature when the pre-
parator is working in the room.
Shelving can be of anything, but preferably of soft pine or steel.
If constructed of soft pine, it will have to be replaced every five or
six years because the larvae will bore their way into the wood to
pupate and weaken the structure. The room should be absolutely
dark at all times, as the beetles will not do their best in the lght.
The temperature need not be kept absolutely constant. In the
winter, we have several steam pipes that furnish the heat. All
that is necessary is to keep the room warm.
We have found that a hail-screen cage on a steel-top table is a
very useful receptacle for specimens when they are first brought in
from the drying line. The purpose of the hail-screen cage is to keep
out cockroaches and animals such as mice which sometimes get into
the bug room in spite of all precautions.
TIEMEIER: CLEANING SKELETONS 379
The animals that are to be cleaned should be drawn and all the
feathers, hair, and skin removed. It is a good practice to remove
the tough calluses from the feet in the larger birds because the bugs
will seldom be able to clean them up after the cartilage and skin
has hardened. Special care should be taken to remove the primaries
and other feathers from the tips of the wings.
Material which is left uncleaned by the bugs will have to be sub-
jected to a tedious process of boiling and scraping, which in the
case of small specimens is almost certain to destroy delicate struc-
tures.
In warm weather it is necessary to do some defleshing. Large
specimens should have most of the muscular and fatty tissue re-
moved from the fleshy parts of the body.
It is well to disarticulate large specimens before they are hung
up to dry so that they will not be bulky and hard to handle. The
tongue and hyoid apparatus of large mammals should be removed
and the hyoid apparatus dried separately. All skeletal material
should be prepared so that air can circulate freely about it. Slits
should be made between the ribs of large animals. Fles deposit
eggs in small pockets that are not exposed to the air and specimens
that have been infested with maggots are not cleaned up so well
by the bugs.
After the animals have been drawn and prepared for skeletoniza-
tion they should be hung up some place in the open where they can
dry rather rapidly. In the ease of the larger birds, it is advisable to
tie the wings against the body and then with a half hitch of the
same cord around the neck hang the carcass out to dry.
When the carcasses are dried so that a hard coat is formed over
the flesh, they are brought into the bug room and placed inside the
cage on the steel table.
Within a few days after the carcasses have been placed in the
bug room they are ready to be put away in boxes. The eggs that
have been laid on the carcass after it was placed in the bug room
and those that had been laid on it while drying will have been
hatched and the resulting larvae will begin to eat the flesh. When-
ever the small particles of bug droppings appear on the carcass it
is ready to be put into boxes.
These are double boxes made of corrugated straw board just large
enough to contain the carcass. There are several advantages of
the corrugated boxes over steel or wooden boxes. The small cor-
rugations serve as places for the larvae to pupate so that the entire
life history of the beetle take place within the same container
880 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
The boxes are cheap and ean be replaced every few years. They are
tight-fitting and thus help to control spiders, and they are sub-
stantial enough to be stacked.
If the skeletons are small ones they need not remain in boxes very
long. A mouse or small bird will be cleaned in one or two days.
Large skeletons will require a corresponding length of time. Un-
less we are in immediate need of the skeletons we leave them all
until fall.
In the late fall the final cleaning begins. By that time the
weather is cool enough so that the preparator is not annoyed by
“bug dust,” which is composed of the spiny larval bristles. The
combination of minute spines and the preparator’s perspiration
produces very unpleasant effects.
The contents of each box are emptied upon a large square of
black paper. With a pair of forceps, when necessary, the worker
sorts over the material, picking out the bones which are then dusted
and placed in specimen boxes.
The presence of fat often creates a definite problem. Long bones
may contain considerable fat. If much of it is present in any place
it will be spread over the entire skeleton by the bugs. Such skeletons
as those of hawks and ducks will often come out covered with
grease. It is a good procedure to remove as much fat as possible
from the carcass to prevent its occurrence on the bones.
A twenty-eight percent solution of ammonia water serves as an
adequate and efficient method of degreasing the skeletons. Im-
merse the bones and leave them for twenty-four hours. Remove the
bones and place them in water for another day and then place them
in the sun until they are thoroughly dry. The sun will bleach the
bones shghtly during the drying.
If skeletons of large mammals are desired for mounting purposes
it is suggested that small holes be bored in each end of the long
bones and the fatty contents be forced out with the aid of steam and
air pressure.
Skull cleaning is a problem in itself. Mr. A. E. Borell (1988) sug-
gests the use of small metal containers into which the skull is placed
with a number of larvae. It is during the larval stage that the bugs
do their most rapid and effective work. However, if there is no
immediate need for the skull it may be left on the skeleton and will
in time be cleaned up by the bugs. For best results the skulls should
be put in the bug room as soon as they are obtained except that the
larger ones will have to be dried enough so that they will not become
covered with mildew.
TIEMEIER: CLEANING SKELETONS 38]
The dermestid method has many advantages over the maceration
method or boiling. The ease with which cleaning is accomplished is
a great advantage. The only limit to the number that can be cleaned
is the number that can be obtained. One preparator doing part-
time work can clean thousands of skeletons in one year’s time.
But even more important for research is the fact that the skele-
tons come out intact with sutures in place and soft bones undis-
solved. No lgaments are weakened to the extent of losing minute
bones. Hyoid apparatus, zygomatics, lacrymals, auditory bullae,
phalanges, and other elements are certain to be retained.
A striking example of the efficiency of the dermestid method is
presented by a small ring-neck snake. It would be nearly impossible
to clean such a specimen with its scores of tiny curbed ribs and its
minute vertebrae. But a few hours in the bug room will provide
a perfect skeleton, clean and white as a pearl, with every tiny rib
firmly in its own place.
While a few preparators have stated that they attributed the loss
of certain small bones to the workings of the bugs, we have never
found it to be true in this museum. It was only by dermestid method
that I was able to discover the wide prevalence of the os opticus of
the bird’s eye.
In other methods of preparing skeletons large animals present
ereat difficulty in the cleaning problem, but in the dermestid method
size is no handicap. It is Just as easy to clean a moose as it is to
clean a mouse.
If the bug room contains large and active colonies of dermestids,
skeletons such as those of small birds, bats, and mice need not be
hung out to dry before being put in the bug room. Forty-eight hours
after they have been placed in the hail-screen cage they will be
stripped clean.
There are probably a number of reasons why the dermestid
method has been so successful in the University of Kansas Museum.
The prime requisite for the dermestid method is, of course, a large
supply of bugs. And to have a large and constant supply of bugs
there must be an adequate food supply. If necessary, carcasses of
common animals must be put in the bug room to feed the beetles.
At the present time the bug room in the University of Kansas Mu-
seum Is literally alive with bugs, and the peculiar noise of their ac-
tivity is never hushed.
Flesh should not be removed from small skeletons and skulls, as
there must be sufficient food material for the bugs to become es-
tablished.
382 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
We have found that papier-maché bricks are the most successful
provision for pupation of bugs not in individual boxes. These bricks
may be placed around about the room, on the floor, in the cages, or
on the shelving.
The worst pests of the bug room are the spiders and cockroaches.
We take as many precautions as possible to prevent these pests from
getting into the bug room. [In spite of all our efforts, however, they
do manage to get in. Because of this we have found it expedient to
clean the bug room every few years, destroying all old boxes and
fumigating thoroughly with sulfur. In a few months, as I have al-
ready suggested, we will again have a large working colony.
The final requisite for good bug work is absolute darkness. They
are naturally found either under a carcass or excavating beneath
the dried surface. This should be kept in mind in order to obtain
clean skeletons.
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. C. D. Bunker, of
the University of Kansas Museum of Birds and Mammals, under
whose direction and supervision this method of cleaning skeletons
has been developed.
REFERENCES
1933. E. Raymonp Hatt, and Warp C. Russett. Jour. Mamm., vol. 14 pp.
372-374.
1938. Aprey E. Borert. Jour. Mamm., vol. 19 pp. 102-103.
St
TIEMEIER: CLEANING SKELETONS
PLATE XL
Upper. Diadophis punctatus arnyt. IX. U. 21232.
Lower. Acris gryllus. kK. U. 21238.
.
=
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vout. XXVI] OcToBER 1, 1939 | No. 11
New Species of Mexican Anura
EDWARD H. TAYLOR,
Department of Zodlogy, University of Kansas
Apstract: Five species of Mexican tailless amphibia are described as new
from the Edward H. Taylor-H. M. Smith collection: Hyla hazelae, type
locality, Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca; Hyla robustofemora, Cerro San
Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca; Hyla robertsorum, El Chico National Park, southern
Hidalgo; Syrrhophus latodactylus, Huasteca Cafion, 15 km. west of Monterrey,
Nuevo Leon; Hleutherodactylus vocalis, El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan.
HILE collecting at night on the Cerro San Felipe, a mountain
which rises just to the north of the city of Oaxaca, I obtained
two specimens of a small species of Hyla from brush and weeds
growing along a small stream, fed by a spring, at an elevation esti-
mated to be about 2,700 meters.
The frogs were calling from heights of from four to ten feet above
the ground. Numerous specimens were heard.
Hyla hazelae sp. nov.
Holotype. KEHT-HMS, No. 16263; collected on Cerro San Felipe,
about ten miles north of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, August 22, 1938 by Ed-
ward H. Taylor.
Paratype. EHT-HMS, No. 16262. Topotype, same date and
collector.
Diagnosis. A small Hyla with anal flap narrowed and elongated,
opening on a level with ventral surface of the femur; below edge oi
flap a series of much enlarged tubercles; snout slightly truncate; the
canthus distinct but somewhat rounded; webs on hand present but
greatly reduced; base of thumb enlarged with a patch of horny
tubercles which may extend on edge of finger; feet little more than
half webbed; tympanum moderate, little less than half diameter of
; (385)
25—2181
386 ~ Tur UnNIversiry ScIENCE BULLETIN
eye; tibiotarsal jot reaches anterior corner of eye; vomerine teeth
between middle of large choanae; subarticular tubercle of outer
finger divided.
Fic. 1. Hyla hazelae sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 16263; Cerro San
Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca. Actual snout to vent measurement, 35 mm.
Description of the type. Head very shghtly wider than long, the
canthus distinct, somewhat rounded; vomerine teeth in two raised,
slightly diagonal groups lying completely between the choanae, and
not or scarcely reaching their upper level; the groups are trans-
versely oval, separated from each other and the choanae by an equal
distance; openings of the mucous glands in the roof of mouth form-
ing a straight line which is closer to the vomerine teeth than to
anterior part of mouth; tongue generally oval, very slightly emar-
ginate behind, free for about one-sixth of its length only, more than
Taytor: New Mexican ANURA 387
half the width of head; openings of the vocal sacs very much
elongated (5.5mm.); distance between choanae, 3.5 mm.; diameter
of choanae, 9 mm.
Nostrils pierced near the extreme tip of snout at its upper edge,
but the snout slopes forward to lip, the profile in outline is curved;
loreal region somewhat concave, sloping very obliquely to lip; eye-
lid very distinctly narrower than the interorbital distance (3.15 to
4.2 mm.); diameter of eye about equal to its distance from nostril;
oy
Mocca boot St babe
%.
ONY:
weet ce eis
yd Saes
;
Fic. 2. Hyla hazelae sp. nov. Type... EHT-HMS, No. 16263; Cerro San
Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca. A. Ventral surface of foot; B. Ventral surface of
hand. 3.
tympanum distinct, small (1.6 mm.), overhung by a very heavy,
thickened, somewhat angular fold which passes from eye to near
insertion of arm, and conceals the upper part of the tympanum; the
areas about nostrils somewhat swollen with a slight depression be-
tween them.
When limbs are folded at right angles to the body the heels over-
lap about two millimeters; the tibiotarsal articulation reaches to
very near the anterior edge of the eye; a skinfold across the breast;
anal flap lengthened and narrowed with a strong median groove; the
anal opening is at about the level of the ventral surface of the femur.
388 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Hand about one-fourth webbed, the webs continued as rather
wide margins on the digits to the digital pads; width of the latter
distinctly larger than pads on toes; subarticular tubercle of outer
finger divided* those on other fingers single, the proximal tubercles
of the third and fourth digits are small; a very large, flattened en-
largement at base of first finger which bears a patch of dull brown,
horny spicules (in paratype these are continued a little onto the edge
of the first finger); below the enlargement is an elongated palmar
tubercle; outer palmar tubercle bifid (somewhat trifid on right
hand); a few distinct supernumerary tubercles; entire under surface
of hand with irregular, often indefinite, areolate granules; on under
surface of forearm a regular series of rounded tubercles extend from
wrist to elbow (these are very distinct, being white or silver-cream
on a dark blackish background) ; feet a little more than half webbed,
the webs extended as a fringe to the pads; subarticular tubercles of
the third and fourth fingers smallest; a rather large inner meta-
tarsal tubercle, and a small outer one, scarcely distinguishable from
the supernumerary tubercles of the sole; a strongly defined tarsal
fold to heel.
Skin above appearing rather smooth but actually under the lens
it is finely corrugated; sides somewhat wrinkled and granular, the
eranules indistinct; chin and breast irregularly granular and folded;
ventral surface of abdomen and most of under surface of femur
evenly areolate, the granules subequal; below anal opening is a row
of strongly enlarged salient tubercles.
Color in life. Dorsal surfaces of body and limbs deep leaf green,
the ventral surfaces bright lemon yellow. Eyes dark; an ash to
gray-lavender line from snout through eye; rows of silver-cream
dots under forearm and a similar series on the posterior edge of
foot and heel; a silver line above the anus bordered below by black;
the large tubercles below anus tipped with silver cream; under sur-
face of hands and feet with considerable pigment; a few minute
cream flecks on dorsal surface. Thighs and shanks olive flesh;
sides indefinite dark and gray.
Variation. The paratype when caught was a much lighter yellow-
ish-green above, and the posterior parts of thigh were flesh color.
In alcohol there is no trace of the line from snout through eye.
The paratype has less pigment under palms and soles. In the pre-
served specimens there is a lighter area indicated under the eye
which I failed to observe in the living specimens.
* Incorrectly shown in figure 2B.
Taytorn: New Mexican ANURA 389
Measurements in mm. Nos. 16263, 16262; sex, g¢, ¢ ; snout to
vent, 35, 35.2; length of snout, 4.8, 5; head width, 11.9, 12.7; head
length, 11.2, 11.8; diameter of eye, 3.5, 3.6; greatest diameter of
tympanum, 1.6, 1.9; eye to nostril, 3.7, 3.5; distance between nos-
trils, 3.1, 2.9; width of upper eyelid, 3.15, 3.1; interorbital width,
4? 4) arm, 25.), 29.0; hind leg, 57, 58> tibia, 17.5, 18; foot, 25, 26:
Remarks. The species is related to Hyla bistincta, which occurs
on the same mountain. It differs from that species in the reduced
size of the nuptual callosities on the first finger and the absence of
asperities on the second finger. The presence of the very large sub-
anal tubercles will distinguish the form from bistincta as well as
other species of the genus having the narrow, elongated anal flap.
The species is dedicated to Mrs. Hazel Roberts who, with her
husband Mr. H. Radclyffe Roberts, assisted in making collections on
the Cerro San Felipe.
In the summer of 1938, I obtained a specimen of an undescribed
Hyla at night, hopping along the edge of a small spring-fed rivulet
at an elevation of about 2,300 meters on the Cerro San Felipe. The
frog, frightened by my approach, jumped into the rivulet, swam to
the opposite side and clambered up the bank, without attempting to
hide under the water. Only by an examination of the terminal
phalanges did I assure myself that this was not a specimen of the
genus Cauphias, which it resembles in general habitus. The terminal
phalanx is pointed and a small intercalated bone is present between
the two distal phalanges.
Hyla robustofemora sp. nov.
Type. EHT-HMS No. 16314, adult male; collected on Cerro San
Felipe about ten miles north of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, at an elevation of
between seven and eight thousand feet, by Edward H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. Tympanum concealed, but indicated by a depression;
no canthus rostralis; a heavy, thickened fold from posterior corner
of eye to shoulder, with a branch to above insertion of arm; snout
very short; the diameter of eye a third greater than snout length; no
web or but the slightest indication of webs between fingers; toes
webbed to the digital pads; a well-defined inner and a very dim,
flat, outer metatarsal tubercle; a widened flap of skin on inner edge
of first toe; anal flap not extending below level of the middle of
femur; posterior face of femur not granular or areolate; no fold on
breast; vomerine teeth in two rounded groups, which are double the
390 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
size of the small, transversely oval choanae; no vocal sac; nuptual
‘allosity covered with dark, horny asperities.
Description of type. Vomerine teeth in two rounded areas, sepa-
rated from the choanae by a distance twice as great as the distance
which separates the tooth groups; vomerine areas, reaching beyond
anterior level of choanae and behind posterior level of choanae,
double the area of a single choana; the teeth, four in number, irregu-
larly seattered; openings of the mucous glands form a_ slightly
Fic. 3. Hyla robustofemora sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 16314; Cerro
San Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca. 1. Actual snout to vent length, 55 mm.
curved line, nearer the front rim of mouth than the choanae; a pig-
ment spot behind the premaxillary region; skin of the roof of the
mouth distinctly plicate behind vomerine teeth; tongue wide, sub-
circular, very slightly emarginate posteriorly, free for about one-
fourth of its length; no vocal sac (at least in the mouth no openings
are discernible and there is no external evidence that a sac is
present).
Head thick, short, much wider than long; snout distinctly shorter
than eye; distance from eye to nostril, the distance between nostrils,
and the width of the upper eyelid, are equal; interorbital width
greater than that of an eyelid; a heavy thickened fold from eye to
middle of body along side above arm, while a branch fold runs to
near arm insertion; skin of region behind jaw angle somewhat
Taytor: New Mexican ANURA 391
thickened leaving a triangular depressed area. In this area is a
very small deeper depression, perhaps indicating the position of a
concealed tympanum; skin of the dorsal surface lacking tubercles:
under the lens the skin is somewhat roughened with irregular cor-
rugations while on the limbs and posterior part of the back the skin
is more or less granular (a condition not evident to the naked eye) ;
chin, abdomen and a patch on the proximal part of the ventral side
of thigh, areolate, the large granules more or less equal; when arm
) ie: 4. Hyla robustofemora sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 16314; Cerro
San Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca. A. Ventral surface of foot: B. Ventral surface of
hand. x 2.
is extended a very slight axillary web evident; anal flap some-
what elongate, narrowed, grooved medially; anal opening on a level
with the middle of femur and followed by a deep groove.
Arms thick; fingers without a trace or only a faint trace of a
web; first finger very short, reaching the subarticular tubercle of the
second, greatly thickened and widened at base, bearing a large area
covered with blackish, horny, nuptual asperities, which are con-
tinued, on side of digit, to the pad; a similar patch on second finger,
extending to the terminal pad; none on third finger; subarticular
tubercle of outer finger not bifid; an elongate tubercle below the
nuptual swelling; a large palmar tubercle more or less divided in
392 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
three parts; one tubercle under the forearm; legs thickened, the
tibiotarsal articulation reaching to near the posterior corner of eye.
Toes fully webbed (the last joint of the third toe on one foot, and on
one side of the other, is free; I suspect this condition is due to an
old injury and is not normal, since the fourth toes are webbed to the
pad); a small, oval, inner metatarsal tubercle its length contained
in its distance from tip of inner toe, three and one-half times; outer
metatarsal tubercle small, flat, more or less indistinct; a more or
less distinet, thickened, tarsal fold extends to heel; supernumerary
tubercles on sole.
Color. Above, a uniform dull olive-green, somewhat hghter on
side of head and body; chin, gray with yellow flecks; abdomen,
creamy yellow with some pigmentation posteriorly, especially under
posterior part of femur; palms and soles, dark lavender-gray;
posterior side of femur gray with a wash of yellow; a cream spot
under forearm; a few cream spots on side, on anterior face of femur,
and at knee and heel; a dim spot of cream on anal flap.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 55; length of snout, 4.3;
length of head, 15.8; width of head, 19; diameter of eye, 5.15; eye
to nostril, 4; width of upper eyelid, 4; interorbital space, 5; distance
between nostrils, 4; distance between choanae 4.6; transverse di-
ameter of choanae, 0.8; width of tongue, 11; width of a group of
vomerine teeth, 1.6; arm, 35.3; leg, 86.2; tibia, 26.5; foot, 39; di-
ameter of toe pad, 2.6; diameter of largest finger pad, 3.1.
Remarks. The general resemblance of this species to the descrip-
tion of a form described by Brocchi as Cauphias crassum is rather
striking, and were it not for the fact that Brocchi states—‘‘Les
derniéres phalanges sont obtuses, tronquées A leur extrémité anté-
rieure,” and Kellogg states ‘‘terminal phalanges T-shaped,” I might
suspect I had before me a specimen of Cauphias closely related to
crassum. However, the toes and terminal phalanges of this species
resemble those of typical Hyla and a small intercalated plate is
present between the last two phalanges.
The relationship of this species is closest to the species Hyla
robertsorum from Hidalgo, with which it agrees in lacking a vocal
sac, but from which it differs in having the concealed tympanum,
the shorter, thicker femurs, shorter snout, the tiblotarsal articulation
reaching to back of orbit instead of between orbit and nostril, and
the feet almost completely webbed instead of about three-fourths
webbed. The heavy, horny excrescences on the nuptual swelling on
the base of first digits on hand are blackish-brown. From H. bis-
TayLor: New Mexican ANURA 393
fincta, it may be distinguished by the concealed tympanum, much
vreater webbing on the toes, less developed canthus and the absence
of a voeal sac. From other Mexican hylas, it may be distinguished
by the absence of a vocal sac.
I obtained a large series of an undescribed species of the genus
Hyla while collecting in the El Chico National Park, near Pachuca,
Hidalgo, with Mr. and Mrs. Radelyffe Roberts. The specimens
were found in plants along the tiny spring-fed rivulets that cross
the open meadows. The leaves of the plants are large and at the
base of the petiole small pockets of water are held. It was in this
specific habitat that most of the specimens were found. The frogs
were discovered early in the morning, at which time they were very
inactive due to the cold. Later they became more active and if dis-
turbed would dive into the water and take refuge in the mud at the
bottom of the stream.
During the several days spent in the vicinity none was heard call-
ing. Lacking a vocal sac it may be that the voice is weak and
inaudible at a distance at which frogs may usually be heard. In
the same habitat I obtained Hyla lafrentzu, Hyla eximia and a form
belonging to the Rana pipiens complex.
I dedicate the species to Mr. and Mrs. Roberts, who helped collect
the type series.
Hyla robertsorum sp. nov.
Holotype. EHT-HMS No. 16264; collected at El Chico National
Park, Hidalgo, August 7, 1938, by Mr. and Mrs. Radelyffe Roberts
and EK. H. Taylor.
Paratype. EHT-HMS Nos. 16265-16313, same place, date and
collectors as the type.
Diagnosis. A medium-sized member of the genus, characterized
by the absence of vocal sacs in males, a tympanum half the diameter
ot eye, fingers free, toes two-thirds to three-fourths webbed; canthus
rounded, eye slightly shorter than snout; tibiotarsal articulation
reaching posterior corner of eye; vomerine teeth reaching anterior
level and extending behind the posterior level of choanae; digital
pads on fingers very slightly larger than those on toes.
Description of the holotype. Vomerine teeth on two rounded ele-
vations, lying between the choanae, reaching anterior, and extending
behind their posterior level, each group much larger than a choana;
distance between the groups of vomerine teeth greater than their
394 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
diameter and greater than their distance from choanae; tongue very
broad, subcircular, minutely notched behind, free for about one-
fourth of its length; mucous glands, behind premaxillaries, open in
an irregular, more or less doubly curved discontinuous groove some-
what closer to the vomerine teeth than to the anterior part of mouth.
Head shghtly broader than long, the eyes not especially promi-
nent; nostril closer to eve than the median anterior point of upper
Fie. 5. Hyla robertsorum sp. nov. Type. KHT-HMS, No. 16264; El Chico
National Park, Southern Hidalgo. Actual snout to vent length, 48 mm.
lip; tip of snout projecting but shghtly beyond mouth; loreal region
not or but slightly concave, sloping obliquely to edge of lip; interor-
bital space (5mm.) much wider than an upper eyelid (3.1 mm.) ;
latter less than distance between eye and nostril (4.2 mm.) ; tympa-
num moderately distinct; diameter of tympanum (2.3mm.) about
half length of eye (4.2 mm.); a slight depression on middle of snout
between nostrils; skin appearing rather smooth (under lens the skin
appears somewhat roughened); a fold from eye to foreleg; no fold
from eye to shoulder; chin and breast with a few pustular tubercles;
abdomen and the median underside of femur granular; a triangular
Taytor: New Mexican ANURA 395
granular area on posterior side of femur below anus, divided by a
deep groove from anus; anal flap short, somewhat pointed, marked
with vertical furrows.
Fingers practically free (only a very minute trace of webbing at
the base of the fingers), the fleshy margin on outer edge of the second
and third finger a little wider than on the inner edge; first finger
with an elongate, flattened projection at base and an elongate pal-
mar tubercle below it; a median elongate palmar tubercle and an
ND)
en
SURE,
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6 SO
_ Fic. 6. Hyla robertsorum sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 16264; El Chico
National Park, Southern Hidalgo. A. Ventral surface of foot; B. Ventral
surface of hand. 2.
outer more elongate one divided transversely ; subarticular tubercles
of first and last fingers larger than those of the middle fingers:
that of outer finger not bifid; supernumerary tubercles on palm; a
few irregular tubercles on under surface of arm forming a longi-
tudinal row; first finger reaches a little beyond the subarticular
tubercle of the second finger; foot two-thirds to three-fourths
webbed, the web continued to the pads as a narrow fringe; a well-
defined fringe on outer side of fourth toe; a well-defined inner met-
atarsal tubercle, flat, oval, its length contained in its distance from
tip of first toe about three times; outer tubercle small, distinct;
supernumerary tubercles confined to sole; a thickened tarsal fold
extends to heel; a slight fold across breast; only a trace of an
axillary web.
396 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Measurements of the holotype in mm. Snout to vent, 48; width
of head, 16; length of head, 14.5; arm, 28.2; leg, 78; tibia, 25; foot,
36; width of finger pad, 2.8; of toe pad, 2.3.
Color. Above, dull olive to brownish-olive with numerous ashy
flecks and reticulations; sides brown-ash with a few cream flecks;
belly and underside of limbs dirty cream, the pigment thickest on
chin and throat; concealed part of feet somewhat olive-yellow, with
a few spots and reticulations of this color on the posterior side of
foot; posterior face of femur olive with a yellowish wash.
Variations. The males have the base of the first finger greatly
swollen, studded with minute spinules which are covered with a very
shght, very light brown, horny deposit; a similar line of spinules on
the inner edge of the second finger and a tiny patch on the third; a
few specimens show no trace of web between fingers; in others there
is a trace evident under the lens.
The vomerine teeth are in transverse groups in some specimens
and are no longer than a choana. Certain specimens are blackish
olive, and the venter and under side of limbs much more heavily
pigmented; certain specimens have a few yellow flecks on or above
the anal flap; in younger specimens the tibiotarsal joint reaches the
anterior corner of eye or slightly beyond.
Remarks. The species needs to be compared only with the re-
cently described species Hyla robustofemora. It differs from that
species in the presence of a tympanum, the lesser webbing of the toes
and the slenderer limbs; in H. robustofemora the feet are fully
webbed. The two forms agree in lacking a vocal sac and in the
character of the nuptual asperities, save that in H. robustofemora
they are covered with heavy black-brown horn.
A species of frog, first discovered in the central part of Nuevo
Leon, later in the southern part of that state and northern Hidalgo,
appears to belong to the genus Syrrhophus Cope. It is distinetly
larger than the other known species from Mexico, and two of the
eight specimens show evidence of vomerine teeth. Otherwise the
specimens agree in the characters associated with the genus.
The small, flat, inguinal gland commonly present in Syrrhophus
(dim or wanting in S. marnocki) is present; a flat parotid-like
glandular area behind tympanum; a ventral disk limited posteriorly
by a transverse fold; finger and toes lacking distinct webs, and bear-
ing the typical distribution of tubercles on sole and palm, cause me
Taytor: Netw Mexican ANURA 397
to associate the species with Syrrhophus rather than Eleuthero-
dactylus.
The two specimens that have vomerine teeth are from southern
Nuevo Leon, geographically intermediate between the other two
localities. One specimen has the group of teeth present on one side
only; in the specimen chosen for the type, on both sides. Only
larger series from the type locality can determine the extent to
which the teeth are present. That the whole series are of the same
stock is shown by their close agreement in other characters.
Syrrhophus latodactylus sp. nov.
Holotype. EHT-HMS No. 6807, collected at Huasteca Canon,
about 15 km. west of Monterrey, Nuevo Leén, Mexico, elevation
about 680 meters, June 20, 1936, by Edward H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS No. 6805, near Sabinas Hidalgo, N. L.
June 17, 1936; Nos. 6809-6812, La Placita (about 8 km. south
Jacala, Hidalgo, July 1, 1936; E. H. Taylor, collector).
Diagnosis. A large member of the genus, maximum size 38.2
mm.; tympanum two-thirds to three-fourths the diameter of eye;
vomerine teeth present or absent; a small flat gland above groin
and a small, flat parotoid; head wider than body; largest digital
disks about two and one-half to three times narrowest width of
digit; yellowish or light lavender above with deep brown spots or
reticulations.
Description of the type. Adult female containing large eggs in
ovaries. Head as broad as long, the snout narrowing, then slightly
truncate at tip; canthus rostralis rounded, the lores sloping slightly,
not concave; eyelid contained in the interorbital distance about one
and one-half times; length of eye about equal to its distance from
nostril, shorter than snout; diameter of the tympanum (3 mm.)
equal to two-thirds the length of the eye (4.5 mm.); distance be-
tween nostrils (3 mm.) much less than interorbital distance (5
mm.); tongue rather short, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, not
notched behind; two small groups of vomerine teeth, each about as
long as the greatest diameter of choanae, separated from each other
by a distance greater than length of either group and from choanae
by a still greater distance, both groups lying much behind the
posterior level of choanae; mucous glands open by a series of pores
directly between the middle of the choanae; choanae large, diameter
1.2 mm.
Skin above on head nearly smooth; on back and upper sides of
body with very small inconspicuous pustules; chin, breast, and en-
398 THe University Science BULLETIN
PLATE XLIII
Syrrhophus latodactylus sp. nov.
A. EHT-HMS, No. 6805; Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo Leén. Length, 31.5 mm.
B. EHT-HMS, No. 6806; Huasteca Canon, Nuevo Leon. Length, 32 mm.
C. EHT-HMS, No. 6812; La Placita, Hidalgo. Length, 34 mm.
D. EKHT-HMS, No. 6809; La Placita, Hidalgo. Length, 34 mm.
E. EHT-HMS, No. 6810: La Placita, Hidalgo. Length, 32 mm.
F. KHT-HMS, No. 6807. Type. Huasteca Cafion. Length. 382mm.
Taytor: New Mexican ANURA 399
tire abdomen completely smooth. A “disk”? on venter limited
posteriorly by a transverse skin fold, the anterior limit not clearly
defined; underside of thighs with wrinkles, forming a flat reticulum,
rather than the typical areolar granules; some granules on the
posterior part of the thigh.
Digits of hand with their tips widely dilated, the widest (third
and fourth fingers) being 2.6 mm., that on inner finger about double
the narrowest width of digit; a large median palmar tubercle; a
SS
’
GREP AEN RPGS ELS
teas ae
Fic. 7. Syrrhophus latodactylus sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 6807,
Huasteca Cafion, 15 km. W. Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. <A. Ventral surface of
foot; B. Ventral surface of hand. 3.
smaller one on base of first finger; and a still smaller outer; five
other enlarged supernumerary tubercles on palm, anterior to the
three palmar tubercles; subarticular tubercles prominent; a very
indistinct dermal fringe is evident on edges of digits, the fringe
somewhat granulate at the base of the digits; foot short, the digits
much widened at tips, but less so than those of fingers; a large
inner metatarsal tubercle, its length contained in length of first toe
slightly more than one and one-half times; outer tubercle promi-
nent, smaller; subarticular tubercles well developed; three middle
400 Tue UnIversiry ScreENcE BULLETIN
toes with well-developed supernumerary tubercles on sole; a slight
(or sometimes deep) transverse groove is evident on the tips of toes;
tibiotarsal articulation when brought forward reaches middle of eye.
Color in life. Above light lavender to yellowish-gray with dark
brown or blackish-brown spots and reticulations on dorsal and
lateral surfaces, and above limbs. Abdomen and most of underside
of femur immaculate cream; a very fine peppering of seattered
pigment on chin, low on sides of body and under the tibia, hand and
foot; a more or less indistinct dark band from nostril to eye, and a
spot, bordering tympanum above, usually conspicuous; posterior
part of femur with some scattered fine dark pigment and a few
small spots about anus.
Measurements in mm. Nos. 6807, 6811, 6810, 6806; snout to vent,
38.2, 35, 32, 32; width of head, 15.2, 13, 13.8, 13.2; length of head,
14.9, 12.8, 12.9, 12.5; diameter of tympanum, 3.1, 2.5, 3, 3; length of
eye, 5, 4.2, 4.05, 4.3; eye to tip of snout, 7.5, 5.8, 6.5, 6.1; arm, 24.3,
23.8, 23-2, 19.5; wadth of largest: pad, 28,2) 2) 2 leg. 56, 5ac204 oF
ADs ibian | TO aliale 1595 Los foot .2a, 2oOcU.on aie
Variation. The specimens agree in most essential characters.
Those from the higher more southern localities seem to be more
lavender on the dorsal surfaces; those from the more northern and
lower localities, more yellowish. After two years of preservation
they are practically indistinguishable in color. In the specimen from
Sabinas Hidalgo, the spotting on the hind limbs is practically obso-
lete. Variation in presence or absence of teeth has been mentioned.
Other variations are discernible from the table of measurements.
Remarks. The widening of the digital pads is greater propor-
tionally than in any other Mexican form referred to, Syrrhophus,
Tomodactylus, or Eleutherodactylus, with the exception of those
of Eleutherodactylus alfredi and E. spatulatus.
The first specimen of the species was found hopping among
boulders in a dry stream bed, about four kilometers from the town
of Sabinas Hidalgo. This locality is about 345 meters in elevation.
The type and one other specimen were obtained from the exposed
low rock masses near the entrance of Huasteca Canon, near Mon-
terrey. Both were found at the edges of deep crevices into which
other specimens seen, escaped. The elevation here is about 680
meters. At La Placita (a station marked on the highway without
houses) the specimens were found at night among outcropping
boulders in oak forest at an elevation of about 1,700 meters.
The large eggs found in the ovaries suggest a shortened life history.
TayLtor: New Mexican ANURA 401
With the discovery of more forms in this and the related genera
Tomodactylus and Eleutherodactylus (sensu lata) which suggest
characters intermediate between them, it will become increasingly
difficult to maintain these genera under their present definitions.
This is particularly true of Syrrhophus and Tomodactylus whose
differentiation depends upon a difference in the development or
shape of the gland in the upper inguinal or lumbar region.
Eleutherodactylus vocalis sp. nov.
Type. EKHT-HMS No. 6390; collected Hda. El Sabino, Uruapan,
Michoacan, July 25, 1936 by Hobart M. Smith.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 6384-6386, June, 1936, Don Julio
Ramon Bresson, collector; Nos. 6387-6389, 6391, July 23 to 25,
1936, Hobart M. Smith, collector; all from Hda. El Sabino, Uruap-
pan, Michoacan.
Diagnosis. A medium-sized species (known maximum size 57.5
mm. snout to vent), related to Eleutherodactylus rugulosus; tips of
digits with widened disks, those of toes very distinctly wider than
those on fingers; all disks with a transverse terminal groove; five
supernumerary tubercles on palm; none on foot; no web on hand;
toes about one-third webbed, the webs continued to tips as distinct
fringes; a small outer metatarsal tubercle; a small tubercle on lores;
a W-shaped series of pustules more or less defined on back of head
and shoulders; heels do not touch when limbs are folded; tibiotarsal
articulation reaches between eye and nostril; eve shorter than
snout; tympanum of females less than half of length of eve; of
males, two-thirds of eye; male with vocal sacs.
26—2181
B
ad
Wen ae
PLATE XLIV
Eleutherodactylus vocalis sp. nov.
A. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 6390; El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan. Snout to
vent length, 50 mm.
B. Paratype. EHT-HMS, No. 6389. Topotype. Snout to vent length,
50.5 mm.
TayLtorn: New Mexican ANURA 403
Description of the type. Adult female containing eggs in ovaries.
Snout with canthus rostralis rounded; a depression in loreal region;
snout rounded, slightly projecting beyond mouth; eye moderately
large, its length (5.9mm.) distinctly less than length of snout
(8.3 mm.); distance between nostrils (3.8 mm.), about equal to the
Fig. 8. Eleutherodactylus vocalis sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 6390;
El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan. A. Ventral surface of foot; B. Ventral sur-
face of hand. 3.
interorbital distance (3.9mm.); eyelid (4.2 mm.) somewhat greater
than the interorbital width; tympanum higher than long, its length
(3mm.) about half length of eye, separated from posterior corner
of eye by a distance about equal to length of tympanum. Snout
rounded, shghtly projecting; tongue subcircular, notched behind;
vomerine teeth in two strongly raised triangular clusters very nar-
rowly separated (one-fourth width of one cluster), separated from
404 THe UnNIversiry Science BULLETIN
choanae by a distance greater than length of one cluster; the clusters
between choanae, but not reaching their posterior level; two open-
ings of palatal mucous glands medial, slightly in advance of the
anterior level of choanae; choanae large, diameter of one contained
in the distance between choanae, three and one-half times.
Fingers and toes with broad terminal disks, those of toes dis-
tinetly larger than those of fingers; the disks without a transverse
ventral groove, but with a terminal transverse groove strongly pro-
nounced. First and second fingers subequal in length; fourth longer
than third; no webs on fingers, but slight ridges visible on inner
edges of some of the fingers; subarticular tubercles large, rounded;
five supernumerary tubercles on palm; a large, wide, palmar pad,
notched in front and another elongate pad on outer base of first
finger, its length in its distance from tip of first finger, two times;
toes between one-third and one-half webbed, the webs continuing as
narrow fringes to disks (see figures) ; subarticular tubercles elongate
oval; no supernumerary tubercle on toes or sole; an elongate inner
metatarsal tubercle, contained in its distance from tip of first toe,
two and one-half times; outer tubercle low, :small, reaching anterior
level of inner; a sharply defined tarsal fold extends half length of
tarsus, or shehtly farther.
Skin strongly pustulate, the pustules forming an indistinct W-
shaped pattern on back of head and shoulders, and on the sides
they form somewhat irregular rows; a conspicuous pustule in loreal
region; eyelids heavily pustulate; groin and anterior and posterior
parts of femur smooth; a heavy fold passing angularly back from
eye and overhanging upper edge of tympanum; two large tubercles
behind lower posterior edge of tympanum; a sparse row of tubercles
under forearm; chin and throat nearly smooth; sides and abdomen,
posteriorly, strongly granulate, the ventral disk not or only faintly
indicated; ventral part of femur, save near anus, perfectly smooth.
A triangular area on posterior face of femurs below anus strongly
eranular; when legs are folded at right angles to body the heels are
minutely separated; tibiotarsal articulation reaches between eye and
nostril, when leg is brought forward.
Color. Above, light gray with an indefinite pattern of darker
gray; summits of pustules dull white; a median gray spot on
shoulders. Ventral surfaces cream, more or less peppered with
scattered pigment; under side of tibia mottled with gray; limbs
barred with darker and lighter; snout generally lighter gray; a dark
indefinite bar across head between eyes.
Taytor: New Mexican ANURA 405
Measurements inmm. Nos. 6390, 6387; sex 2 , 9 ; snout to vent,
50, 57.5: width of head, 19.1, 22; length of head, 18, 21.8; arm, 26.4,
34; leg, 72.5, 87; tibia, 23, 27.3; foot, 31.8, 37.2; eye length, 5.9, 6.9;
tvmpanum, 3, 3.4.
Variation. All the specimens save No. 6388 are females and agree
with the type in all essential characters; all seem to have more pig-
ment on chin, breast, and back than type. On the distal posterior
face of femur there are distinct cream spots. The tympanum of the
male is a little longer than high (8.2 mm.), distinctly more than half
the length of eye (5.7 mm.); the male has well-developed vocal
sacs, the openings behind the tongue elongate; and it is distinetly less
pustulate than females.
Remarks. This form may be distinguished from the related
Hleutherodactylus rugulosus by the greater webbing on toes; by the
somewhat more robust body; the presence of vocal sacs in the males;
and the tympanum smaller in proportion to the eye.
Lv . S
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THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI| OcrToBER 1, 1939 [No. 12
New Salamanders from Mexico with a Discussion of
Certain Known Forms
EDWARD H. TAYLOR,
Department of Zodlogy, University of Kansas
Apstract: Seven new species of salamanders are described from Mexico:
Bolitoglossa dimidiata (chiroptera group), Guerrero, Hidalgo; Thorius pulmo-
naris, Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca; Thorius narisovalis (related to pennat-
ulus), Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, Oaxaca; Ambystoma bombypella (tigrinum
group), Rancho Guadalupe, 14 km. east of San Martin, México; Ambystoma
ordinaria (tigrinum group), near Puerto Hondo, Michoacan; Ambystoma am-
blycephala (tigrinum group), 15km. W. of Morelia, Michoacan; Siredon ler-
maensis, Lake Lerma near Toluca, México.
Thorius pennatulus Cope is discussed and figures given showing variation ;
Siredon dumerilii and Siredon mexicana Shaw are discussed. A figure is given
of an artificially transformed specimen presumably of Siredon mexicana Shaw.
Figures are given of all new species.
SERIES of about thirty specimens of a tiny salamander was
taken in the mountains to the northeast of Pachuca, Hidalgo.
The first specimens were encountered under logs, occasionally under
the same logs as Bolitoglossa multidentata (Taylor) in the El Chico,
Parke Nacional. Later they were found at a somewhat lower ele-
vation a few kilometers north of the park, at a point about four
kilometers below Mineral del Monte, known to the natives as Guer-
rero. It is the ruins of a great machinery factory. Although this
name has appeared before in the literature of Mexican salamanders
(Dunn 1926), I believe that none of the recent maps give its location.
This form has been confused with Oedipus townsend in the litera-
ture, but differs from that form in having a distinctly different type
of foot and hand, belonging to the chiropterus group of Bolitoglossa
rather than to Thorius.
(407)
408 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Bolitoglossa* dimidiata sp. nov.
(Text figs. 1 and 2)
Holotype. EHT-HMS No. 17677 2 , Guerrero, near Mineral del
Monte, Southern Hidalgo, Mexico, August 8, 1938; E. H. Taylor,
collector.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS No. 17671-17676; 17678-17689; 17691-
17692; 17694-17705, Guerrero and El Chico National Park. Eleva-
tion, approximately 2,660 to 3,300 meters.
Diagnosis. A diminutive form of the chiroptera group, the maxi-
mum size under 28 mm. from snout to vent; nostrils permanently en-
larged, pointed almost directly forward; eve about as long as snout
fe:
Fic. 1. Bolitoglossa dimidiata sp. nov. Guerrero, Hidalgo. EHT-HMS, No.
17674. <7.
or a little longer; groove from under eye does not reach edge of upper
lip; limbs separated by about four (five occasionally in females)
costal folds; width of head in snout to vent length about six times;
first toe shorter than fifth; a projecting growth from cloaca in males.
Description of the holotype. WHead rather flat between orbits and
in occipital region; snout rather rounded at tip, but the curving line
seen from above is broken by the subnarial swellings; no canthus
rostralis; nostrils large, directed forward, their diameter contained
in distance from the eye about twice; distance between nostrils
(1 mm.) minutely greater than distance from eye to nostrils; inter-
*Mr. Radclyffe Roberts has informed me that Oedipus Tschudi (1838) for a genus of
salamanders is preoccupied by Oedipus Berthold (1827), an Orthopteran genus.
Taytor: NEw SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 409
orbital distance (1.6 mm.) greater than the width of an eyelid
(1 mm.); length of eve (1.6 mm.) equal to the length of the snout
(1.6 mm.); subnarial swellings relatively very large, prominent; a
well-defined hedonic gland on the chin; tongue typical with a well-
defined sublingual fold; four-five maxillary teeth confined to region
under the subnarial swellings; three teeth pierce the edge of lip on
premaxillary; mandibular teeth enlarged, irregular, seven on each
side; vomerine teeth three or four on each side in two somewhat
curved diagonal series not extending beyond the outer level of
choanae; parasphenoid teeth in a single group, narrowed anteriorly,
widening posteriorly, and notched behind; separated from the vo-
merine teeth by a distance about four times the diameter of a
choana.
The groove below eyelid terminates below the posterior part of
eye about midway between eye and mouth (not reaching lip as in
most if not all of the members of the genus Thorius) ; groove running
back from angle of eye more or less distinct (if slightly dried the
groove appears); first transverse groove crosses down behind the
mouth angle and across anterior part of throat; a well-defined
nuchal fold crosses throat and is continued on sides of neck as an
irregular groove; growing less distinct, it meets the groove from
opposite side; on each side of the dorsolateral region of neck, con-
necting the two transverse grooves, are two longitudinal grooves (the
upper irregular) ; the area between them is divided into two unequal
areas by a short transverse groove which continues a little on the
dorsal side of neck; thirteen costal grooves, the axillary and inguinal
more or less distinct; the posterior extension of the hyoid apparatus
below skin makes a broad fold on side of neck; it terminates pos-
terior by arm insertion; a constriction on base of tail more or less
developed; about twenty grooves visible on proximal part of tail;
a glandular spot behind insertion of femur; cloacal walls with numer-
ous minute papillae.
Limbs short, when adpressed, separated by about four (or slightly
less) costal folds; hand with digits webbed at base, the fingers
moderately widened, the terminal phalanx and part of the adjoining
phalanx free in the three outer fingers; tip of first finger not free;
pads on ventral surface of tips of digits swollen; foot with inner toe
involved in the web; outer toe very short, but with tip protruding
from web; three middle toes each with at least the outer phalanx
free,
410 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Color in life. Above uniform lavender with a small, somewhat
reddish spot on the dorsal surface of the femur; below dirty cream-
white with a scattering of pigment; subnarial swellings creamy
white; a few minute flecks of white on sides; indication of a buff
spot behind transverse groove. or dorsal side of neck.
Measurements in mm. Nos. 17677, 17674; sex ¢, 4; snout to
anterior part of vent, 24.7, 23.3; anterior end of vent to tip of tail,
28.4, 25.2; head width, 4, 4; head length to nuchal fold, 6.2, 5.5;
axilla to groin, 14, 13.8; arm, 5.1, 4.65; leg, 5.6, 5.5.
Variation. Males, for the most part, agree with the description ;
females differ in being somewhat darker in coloration above, the
Fic. 2. Bolitoglossa dimidiata sp. nov. Guerrero, Hidalgo. EHT-HMS, No.
17674. <7. Foot and hand.
fawn-colored spot on the neck being usually distinct. The ventral
surfaces are often much more pigmented with yellow-cream flecks
visible on chin and throat.
Females differ in having larger series of jaw teeth. In No. 17700
there are 19-19 maxillary teeth; vomerine teeth, 4-4; premaxillary
teeth, 6; mandibular teeth, 18-19. The nostrils in females are about
the same size as those in the male type, but the subnarial swellings
are scarcely noticeable. The limbs of females are proportionally
shorter compared with the axilla to groin distance and are separated
in adult females by about four and one-half to five folds.
The males have one or two fleshy protuberances from the postero-
dorsal wall of the cloaca, the significance of which is not known.
They strongly suggest some type of intromittent organ. A similar
growth, less conspicuous, is present in the cloaca of B. chiroptera,
lending weight to the suggestion of close relationship between the
forms.
Taytor: Nrw SALAMANDERS FROM MExICcO 41]
One specimen, No. 17674 (measurements given), has the snout
broader, the nostrils directed completely forward, the eye a third
longer than the snout; and there appears to be a shght difference in
the character of the toes. It was collected in a lot with several others
in the same pile of leaves and agrees with the others in characters not
mentioned. It is likely that the differences are anomalous (figured).
There is a specimen of this species in the Harvard collection, (No.
8018) one of the type series of Oedipus townsendi from Guerrero,
Hidalgo, and two specimens numbered No. 67654, from Hidalgo.
It can be separated from B. multidentata by the enlarged nostril
and the much shorter legs and smaller body; from B. chiroptera by
the enlarged nostril (which remains large in the adult), and by a
somewhat smaller size.
Living among the wet leaves on the ground at an elevation above
2,000 meters on the Cerro San Felipe near Oaxaca, I discovered a
tiny salamander with a very large, elongated nostril which appears
to be an undescribed species.
Thorius pulmonaris sp. nov.
(Text figs. 3 and 4)
Holotype. EHT-HMS No. 16684, collected on Cerro San Felipe,
about 12 km. north of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, August 18, 1938, by Edward
H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 16676-16711, 16713-16733. Col-
lected same locality, August 18-22, 1938, by Mr. and Mrs. Radclyffe
Roberts and Edward H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. A diminutive member of the genus, with permanently
enlarged, elongate-oval nostrils, placed diagonally; the groove below
lower eyelid intersects the edge of lip; limbs, when adpressed, sepa-
rated by 2.5-5 costal folds; 12 costal folds (183 grooves) from axilla
to groin; no teeth on maxilla; parasphenoid teeth in a single group.
Description of the holotype. Adult female. Head a little wider
posteriorly than the body, about as deep as body; distance between
orbits a little greater than the width of a single eyelid; nostril elon-
gate, from one-half to two-thirds the diameter of the eye; subnarial
swelling not strongly indicated (prominent in males); snout nar-
rowed anteriorly but not “pointed”; groove below eyelid intersects
the mouth directly below posterior corner of eye; posterior ends of
eyelids not pushed under a diagonal fold; first head groove crosses
throat, and terminates on dorsal surface of the head at about level
$12 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
of eve; a groove forming an arch is more or less apparent on throat,
resting on the transverse groove; gular fold prominent, crossing
throat, then passing somewhat diagonally across the side of the
neck to the dorsal surface, but failing to meet its fellow from the
opposite side; groove from behind corner of eye to first vertical
groove not or barely indicated in type (more or less distinct in cer-
tain other specimens); a groove beginning behind middle of eyelid
extends back irregularly to the nuchal fold; region in front of the
gular fold distinctly swollen on side of neck; region between eves
Fic. 3. Thorius pulmonaris sp. nov, EHT-HMS, No. 16712. Cerro San
Felipe, Oaxaca.
and occipital region somewhat curving. Tongue boletoid; a free
projecting sublingual fold; four premaxillary teeth; no teeth dis-
cernible on the maxilla; mandibular teeth present; twelve vomerine
teeth arranged in a single elevated median patch, partly in two rows,
not extending outward beyond the inner edge of choanae; the cho-
anae are narrow slits; parasphenoid teeth in a single elongate patch
which is somewhat tongue-shaped, not notched behind, the group
separated from the vomerine teeth by a distance nearly equal to the
width of the vomerine series.
Skin above generally smooth, but with pitting on the head; pits
on snout very distinct; on back, pits are smaller, less distinet; thir-
teen costal grooves (including the distinct axillary and inguinal
grooves) ; twelve costal folds; limbs small, separated when adpressed
Taytor: Nrw SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 413
by five folds Gn males from two and one-half to four folds) ; cloacal
walls folded (in males papillate) ; base of tail with a definite constric-
tion; thirty-five grooves on tail, discernible to near tip; a small
glandular area posterior to insertion of femur (a circular gland on
tip of chin in males not very conspicuous externally ).
Digits on the hand rather wide, the tip on first finger free from
web; three middle toes free for about a third of their length, the
outer and inner toes barely emerging from web; small, distinet pads
present at tips on under side of digits; tail longer than head and
body; the width of the head contained in distance between snout and
posterior end of vent 6.1 times; length of snout slightly longer than
eye; width of an eyelid a little less than interorbital distance; length
of nostril three-fourths to four-fifths of eye length.
Fig. 4. Thorius pulmonaris sp. nov. EHT-HMS, No. 16712. Cerro San
Felipe, Oaxaca. Foot and hand. x 7.
Color. Above lavender-slate, below dirty whitish to lavender-
brown, less heavily pigmented under tail (sometimes darker brownish
or lavender below) ; a series of small light flecks on chin and oceca-
sional ones scattered on ventral surfaces; a few minute whitish flecks
on sides; subnarial swelling and a spot on lower eyelid, whitish.
Measurements in mm. Nos. 16684, 16712, 16733; sex, Oe Cree a
snout to posterior end of vent, 24.4, 27.2, 27.5; tail from posterior
end of vent, 35, 35.6, 36; width of head, 4, 4.3; 4.2; length of head,
9.3, 6.1, 6; snout to gular fold, 4.8, 5.4, 5.2: arm, 4.2, 5.6, 4.7; leg,
4.4, 4.6, 5.2; axilla to groin, 15, 14, 15.
Variation. The largest specimen has the maximum snout to (pos-
terior part of) vent length of 27.5 mm. and a maximum total length
of 63.5 mm. Males have longer snouts and shorter axilla to groin
measurements, resulting in having adpressed limbs closer together.
In some of the specimens the vomerine teeth are larger, varying in
number from as low as four or five teeth in some males to eight in
414 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
others, always in a transverse or slightly V-shaped series. They do
not seem to be separated medially and only occasionally are there
two rows present,
Remarks. Specimens were found at an elevation of about 2,000
meters on the mountain under leaves and trash on the ground. They
were very unequally distributed. Higher on the mountain they are
replaced by Thorius narisovalis, a form with an enlarged nostril
that is about half the diameter of the present species, and living al-
most exclusively under bark and logs.
The very large nostril and the great amount of surface on the
nasal walls suggest that the nasal passage may be used for direct
exchange of oxygen in respiration. In males the size of the nostril
is only slightly larger than in females of similar length.
Thorius pennatulus Cope
(Plate XLVI, figs. A, B; Text fig. 5)
Thorius pennatulus Cope, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1869, pp. 111-112 (Type
description; type locality “‘Orizava’’); (?) Boulenger Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia,
s. Caudata British Museum. 2d Ed. 1882, p. 79, plate 3, fig. 2.
Oedipus pennatulus Dunn, The Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae, 1926, pp. 357,
374-376, 439, fig. 64 (part.); Taylor. Univ. Kansas. Sci. Bull. XXV, 1938 (1939) No. 14,
pp. 293-294.
A number of specimens taken at the mountain pass about three
kilometers southwest of Acultzingo have been referred to this
species.
Some were found under rocks in crevices in moist clay along the
edge of the old cobblestone pavement. Others were taken a few
hundred feet higher in the thick moss under a lone pine tree near
the summit. The behavior of the two groups of specimens was
different; those taken in the moss were usually coiled in a watech-
spring spiral as if imitating the spirally coiled millipeds which infest
the moss and which are about the same size as the smaller salaman-
ders. Those taken under rocks in clay were not so coiled.
In the preserving fluids, those taken in the moss seemed to become
rigid and distorted at death, the musculature of the side of the head
and neck appearing quite distinctly through the skin, and the
posterior projection from the hyoid stands out very clearly. (See
DE eB)
Those taken in the clay remained without distortion when pre-
served, showing little or no trace of the lateral neck musculature or
cartilage. In these specimens the terminal part of the tail was
white, which on examination proved to be due to a white parasitic
worm which was just beneath the epidermis. These worms are an
TayLtor: NEw SALAMANDERS FROM MExIco 415
immature stage in the life history of some unknown cestode, They
are from two to four millimeters long. They have not been identi-
fied. No worms were found in specimens taken in the moss.
The following specimens are referred to Thorius pennatulus:
EHT-HMS. Nos. 17731-17786; 17788-17793.
The two lots of material from this same general locality are some-
what puzzling.
They differ in the amount of pitting on the head, those from the
moss being almost wholly smooth save behind eye and on neck.
These specimens likewise have the vomerine teeth set on a higher
ridge and the deep groove from below eye intersects the mouth at a
point slightly farther forward. These may represent two distinct
species, but I feel that further study on live material is necessary
rf ley ae.
eee a ee
ot | ;
im a6) ( A,
ee Pace
f ¢ ae
> y a ay, |
< ae
‘ Se
By rN
Fie 5. Thorius pennatulus (Cope) EHT-HMS, No. 12141; Acultzingo,
Veracruz; foot and hand. 6.
to determine this point. The types are apparently lost and new
topotypic material must be obtained to deal satisfactorily with
these diminutive salamanders.
I have examined the specimens in the U. 8. National Museum
referred to this species. All are old and for the most part badly
preserved. Certain ones I believe belong to different species.
USNM. No. 47608 Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, apparently be-
longs to Thorius narisovalis sp. nov. (A description of this speci-
men is given by Dr, E.R. Dunn, “The Plethodontidae,” p. 375.)
No. 47797 Reyes (Oaxaca?), Mexico, with an elongated oval nostril;
is apparently a specimen of Thorius pulmonaris sp. nov.; No.
25101, Mirador, Mexico, is broken in several pieces, the head is
mutilated and the limbs missing. I cannot identify it certainly with
any species. Nos. 30348-30349 Tehuantepec, Sumichrast Coll. are
two fragmentary specimens, at least one of which, represented by a
head, belongs to a species having the “sharp snout.” If this specl-
men actually originated in Tehuantepec it is likely that it is an
undescribed form, perhaps related to the sharp-nosed salamanders
416 Tue Universiry ScreENcE BULLETIN
of Central and South America. The British Museum specimens
listed by Dunn (op. cit. p. 439) from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca, may
likewise be referable to another form.
The specimen figured by Boulenger (loc. cit.) if correctly drawn,,
cannot belong to the species at hand; the dark lateral band, whitish-
margined above, and the absence of the deep groove from below eye
to mouth, strongly suggests another species.
Thorius narisovalis sp. nov.
(Plate XLVII, fig. 3)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 17859; collected at an elevation of about
2,600-3,000 meters on Cerro San Felipe, 15 km. north of Oaxaea,
Oaxaca, August 18-22, 1938, by Edward H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 17794-17858; 17860-17870; same
date, locality and collector.
Diagnosis. A diminutive species related to Thorius pennatulus,
but differing in being larger and in having the dorsal part of head
covered with relatively large pits; the groove below eye normally
intersects the line of mouth slightly posterior to the posterior corner
of the eye. No teeth on maxillary. Fingers and toes better de-
veloped, with a greater degree of independence, than pennatulus.
Description of the type. Adult female. Head not wider than the
body, and less deep; the distance between the orbits less than the
width of a single eyelid; nostril oval about .56 mm. in greatest
diameter, its distance from the extreme tip of snout equal to less
than half diameter; length of eye 1.45mm.; a very minute fold
back of eye under which the posterior part of eyelids terminate;
length of eye greater than length of snout (1.3 mm.); occipital
region rather flat, with shght depressions next to orbits; a groove
behind eye continues to near the nuchal groove; a strong groove
below eye intersects the line of mouth behind posterior corner of
eye; snout somewhat narrowed anteriorly, but not “sharp” or
“pointed”; subnarial swellings prominent for a female; snout pro-
jecting very moderately beyond mouth; line of mouth diagonal,
angulated near narial swelling and at point of intersection with the
subocular groove; a strongly defined transverse groove crosses throat
and up across sides of head to dorsal surface; a groove, in the form
of an arch on chin, which rests on the transverse groove; a strong
nuchal fold across throat which continues diagonally backward
across the side of neck to near dorsal surface where it is again di-
rected transversely but fails to completely cross the medial part of
the dorsal surface; on the side of the neck there is an elongate fold,
TayLtorn: NEw SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico AT
or ridge, which terminates posteriorly at the groove from the nuchal
fold; behind this the posterior hyoid extension makes a prominent
raised fold which continues to the second costal groove, the carti-
lage itself terminating before this point; 13 costal grooves, 12 folds;
33 folds from hind legs to tip of tail; tail constricted at base, more
or less circular proximally then laterally compressed distally; a
more or less distinct median dorsal groove present on body; ad-
pressed limbs separated by six costal folds; fingers in the following
increasing order of size, 4, 1, 2, 3; the toes, 5, 1, 2, 4, 3; only ex-
treme tip of first finger free, while the two middle fingers are free
for nearly half their length beyond metacarpals; extreme tip of
first and fifth toes free; three middle toes free for about half their
length beyond metatarsals; terminal pads on tips of digits moder-
ately prominent. Tongue boletoid, free, a sublingual fold; three
premaxillary teeth not piercing the lip; no maxillary teeth; vomer-
ine teeth four on each side, on a strongly elevated narrow ridge;
choanae small, no wider than the narrow, deep grooves emerging
from them; 19-20 mandibular teeth; parasphenoid teeth in a single
group narrowed greatly anteriorly, widened posteriorly without or
with only a very slight posterior median notch, separated from
vomerine teeth by a distance equal to the vomerine series. Dorsal
and lateral regions of head strongly pitted; dorsal surface of body
with the pitting less distinct; a slight wrinkling on the sides between
the costal folds; tail pitted and with shght corrugation; smooth or
dimly pitted on ventral surfaces.
Coloration. Reddish-brown on entire dorsal surface of body and
tail; sides blackish, head dark; venter lighter, gray-brown, with a
few cream dots; the dorsal and lateral markings rather strongly
contrasted in life, but in preservatives are indistinct unless sub-
merged in water.
Measurements in mm. Type, 17859; largest female, 17819; and
largest male, 17854, respectively. Snout to posterior end of vent, 28.8,
31, 27.5; tail, 32.5, 40 (estimated, the tail broken and regeneration
begun), 35; snout to arm, 7.8, 8, 7.5; axilla to groin, 16.8, 17.5, 16;
arm, 4.3, 4.8, 4.3; leg, 4.6, 5.3, 4.8; width of head, 4.2, 4.5, 4; snout
to nuchal fold, 5, 5.6, 5.15.
Variation. Adpressed limbs are separated by from four and one-
half to six folds, the larger number being in larger females; the
lower, in smaller males. In color some of the females are blackish
above, lacking the dorsal reddish-brown mark. A few have tiny
27—2181
418 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
orange-brown stripes on each side of the medial line with a separate
nuchal spot.
In many specimens the subnarial swellings of females were as
large as in the males. In larger males from one to three of the pre-
maxillary teeth pierce the lip. In most of the specimens the lateral
grooves of nuchal fold meet on the middorsal line. The number of
segments on tail varies between 22 in the smallest specimen (15 mm.
snout to end of vent), to 36 in a large female (29.5 mm. snout to end
of vent). One case showed the groove, from nostril to lip, eut com-
pletely through the lip to choana.
Remarks. The specimens of this species were found under the
bark on fallen trees together with Bolitoglossa smithi and Bolito-
glossa unguidentis from the same locality. Only one or two were
found on the ground under logs. Thorius pulmonaris, the other rep-
resentative of the genus Thorius found on San Felipe, was invariably
found in wet leaves on the ground, but at a lower elevation than the
other species mentioned. The Thorius narisovalis were more active
than the other species, usually starting for cover when they were
exposed by the removal of the bark. When touched they would
jump or throw themselves from the log to the ground and hasten to
ensconce themselves under leaves or other debris. At no time did
I find them passive or coiled.
Ambystoma bombypella sp. nov.
(Plate XLV, fig. 1)
Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938 (1939) pl. XXIV, fig. 1.
Holotype. EHT-HMS No. 3997, collected near Rancho Guada-
lupe, 14 km. east of San Martin, (Asuncién) México, by Edward H.
Taylor.
Paratype. EHT-HMS No. 3998, collected same date and locality
by Hobart M. Smith; No. 18896, 15 km. W. of Morelia, Michoacan;
E. H. Taylor, collector.
Diagnosis. A medium-sized salamander with eleven costal folds;
limbs overlapping more than length of hand when adpressed; a pair
of metatarsal tubercles and a pair of metacarpal tubercles; tail
thickened, strongly compressed, lacking a dorsal fin; fingers and
toes without webs, or at least not extending beyond the metatarsals
and metacarpals; tongue large, lamellae radiating somewhat; vom-
ero-palatine tooth series broken, the vomerine series forming a
median angle which reaches in advance of choanae; color brownish
above, light brownish-white below.
Taytor: Netw SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 419
Description of type. Head low, the line of the mouth forming a
slightly sigmoid line; length of eye less than its distance from nos-
tril; interorbital distance slightly less than length of snout; distance
between nostrils less than interorbital distance; eyelid in interorbital
distance three and one-half times; a slight groove behind eye can
be traced back to end of the gular fold; a vertical groove crossing
angle of jaw barely indicated; gular fold present; tongue broad, the
lamellae radiating forward; choanae large, the diameter of one con-
tained in the distance between them, four and one-half times.
Palatine teeth 12-10, not reaching forward to the level of the mid-
dle of choanae; vomerine teeth 15-17, the series forming a broad
angle not or but scarcely separated medially; a circular depression
in middle of palate about half diameter of a choana; maxillary-
premaxillary teeth 56-54; mandibular teeth about 60-60; 12 costal
grooves, 11 folds; no splenial teeth; limbs well developed, over-
lapping length of hand (in paratype, to elbow); digits flattened,
terminating in fine rounded points with a very slight terminal dep-
osition of horn; phalangeal formula of fingers, 2, 2, 3, 2; of toes,
2, 2, 3, 4, 2.
Skin rather shiny or silky in appearance due to very fine reticu-
lated striations; head with a few enlarged pits above and anterior
to orbits; trace of the lateral line organs on body dimly discernible
in type (more so in the younger ? paratype).
Measurements of type and paratype in mm. Nos. 3997, 3998; sex,
2, 25; snout to vent, 81, 67; tail, 61, 52.3; snout length, 8.4, 5.8;
snout to gular fold, ventral, 20.2, 17; snout to arm insertion, 28.5,
23.5; axilla to groin, 36.5, 29.5; eyelid width, 2.1, 2.1; interorbital
width, 6.8, 5.3; distance between nostrils, 5.5, 4.6; arm, 24.3, 22.3;
leg, 26.6, 24.8.
Color in life. Above uniform grayish-brown to lavender-brown,
with a faint, very narrow, median, dark line from shoulder to base of
tail; a slight darker line follows the diagonal groove behind eyes;
lower half of sides of body and tail light tan or brownish-white;
abdomen grayish to brownish-white; chin cream-yellow.
Variation. A single paratype, somewhat smaller than the type,
agrees in most characters. The color above is somewhat more laven-
der and the tail shows some indefinite darker spotting; the teeth are
as follows: maxillary-premaxillary, 41-38, the series not extending
so far posteriorly as in type; mandibular teeth about 48-48; vomero-
palatine series, 7+ 14, —7-+ 16, the vomerine groups forming a
curving series slightly broken medially; the depression in the palate
420) THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
is very much wider and shallower; there is no trace of a dark line
behind eye.
Remarks. The type and paratype were taken on a hillside near
a small permanent artificial pond. They were under rotting logs.
In the immediate vicinity I also found the single type specimen of
Ambystoma schmidti Taylor, a species, if one may judge by the
teeth, related to Ambystoma texanum (Matthes). The form here
described is related to the tigrinwm group, but may be readily dis-
tinguished by the fine texture of the skin, and coloration. While
resembling Ryacosiredon in certain characters, the absence of larval
dental characters precludes an association with this genus.
Ambystoma amblycephala sp. nov.
(Plate XLV, fig. 2)
Type. KHT-HMS No. 16448, @ , 15 km. west of Morelia, Micho-
acan. September 10, 1938; E. H. Taylor, collector.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS No. 16442, 16444. ‘Topotypes.
Diagnosis. A rather large species with 11 costal grooves; caudal
fin tending to disappear save for a fine ridge; web between meta-
tarsals and metacarpals distinct; fingers free to a point near distal
ends of the metacarpals; metatarsals included completely in web;
phalanges free, fingers and toes with a slight fringe; limbs overlap
distance equal to hand; 31 to 37 palatine and vomerine teeth on
each side; teeth more or less bifid, in a low-arched transverse series;
70-80 maxillary-premaxillary teeth, in full-grown adults, on each
side; mandibular teeth about same; lateral edges of tongue free.
Description of the type. Head longer than broad, much more
than twice as wide as deep. Distance between eyes (7.2 mm.) less
than length of snout (8.2 mm.); length of orbit (4.1 mm.) less than
distance to nostril; nuchal fold distinct; a transverse groove across
jaw angle. Maxillary-premaxillary series of teeth 72-70, the teeth
extending some distance behind the level of the palatine teeth;
mandibular teeth about as numerous; palatine and vomerine teeth in
a practically continuous series on a transverse elevated ridge, which
forms a very slightly elevated arch, the most anterior teeth not
reaching the anterior level of choanae; about 67 teeth altogether,
the tips brownish; palate with a broad, shallow medial groove, with
a rounded cavity posteriorly in which the openings of the mucous
glands are discernible; tongue lamellate, the plicae running longi-
tudinally, the edge free laterally.
Skin of head with minute pits, and a few large pits on each side
between orbits and running forward; and another scattered series of
Taytor: New SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 421
large pits more or less surrounding lower part of orbit; no traces or
only dim traces of the lateral line system on body. Adpressed limbs
overlap length of hand; digits webbed between metacarpals and
metatarsals, the web failing to reach the ends of metacarpals but
completely includes the metatarsals; a very slight fringe on the sides
of the digits, the tips more or less covered with a horny deposit; two
metacarpal tubercles and two metatarsal tubercles; tail lacking a
dorsal fin save for a slight dorsal ridge; tail as long as body, exclud-
ing head.
Color. Above, blackish; below, gray with a series of ventrolateral
cream spots; the median ventral region a little darker. Breast and
throat with some cream markings. Sides of the proximal part of tail
of lighter color than distal part.
Measurements in mm. Nos. 16448, 16442, 16444; sex, 9, 9, 2;
snout to posterior end of vent, 90, 93, 64.5; tail, 71, 60, 47; width of
head, 17.5, 16.5, 13.5; length of head, 18.5, 20, 16; snout to nuchal
fold, 22, 22, 16.2; snout to arm, 28, 30, 27; leg, 30, 33.2, 27.1.
Remarks. All three specimens are slightly shriveled, due to
having been preserved some time after death. Normal condition of
the surface of the body is somewhat uncertain. The smallest speci-
men has a smaller number of maxillary and mandibular teeth, as is
true of the young of many species, the series increasing posteriorly
in older specimens as the jaw grows. The vomerine teeth form a
higher arch, the anterior teeth reaching farther forward than the
anterior level of the choanae. The two paratypes do not have the
series of cream spots as pronounced as in type and the tails are
somewhat more slender, darker, and the dorsal fin is somewhat more
prominent in the younger specimen. The larvae are unknown.
From Ambystoma bombypella the species differs in color (prob-
ably also in skin texture) and in having a very much greater num-
ber of jaw teeth. The arrangement of the vomero-palatine series is
different. In bombypella the palatine teeth are separated from the
angular vomerine series.
From Ambystoma ordinaria it differs in having nearly double the
number of teeth in the adults, and likewise differs in the number
and arrangement of the vomerine and palatine teeth. The webbing
extends between digits to the base of the metacarpals and metatar-
sals, which is not true in ordinaria. I have compared these three
forms with transformed Siredon mexicana from which all differ in
shape of head, skin character, body proportions. A figure of that
form is included for comparison.
422 Tue UNIverRSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Ambystoma ordinaria sp. nov.
(Plate XLVI, figs. 1, 2, 3)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 16367, adult female, collected in a small
stream at an elevation of about 9,000 feet, four miles west of Hl
Mirador near Puerto Hondo, Michoacan, September 2, 1938. E. H.
Taylor, collector.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 16364-16366, 16367A, 16368-16370,
16372-16382, 16384-16386. Taken same place, September 2 and 3,
1938. Same collector.
Diagnosis. A rather large salamander with eleven costal grooves
from axilla to groin; limbs, when adpressed, overlapping a distance
equal to length of hand, or arm to elbow; digits unwebbed, free as
far as from one-third to one-half of the metacarpals and metatarsals;
caudal fin persistent, tips of digits more or less covered with horn;
premaxillary-maxillary tooth series 39-46 on each side of jaw; 9 to
11 palatine teeth more or less separated from the vomerine series
which is either in a single curved series or divided into two diagonal
groups. Adults uniformly grayish-black above, somewhat lighter
laterally and on belly.
Description of type. Head longer than broad, and much wider
than deep; distance between the eyes (9 mm.) greater than length
of snout (7.3 mm.); length of orbit (5 mm.) equal to distance to
nostril; maxillary-premaxillary teeth, 47-42, the teeth extending
back to the posterior level of the palatine series; the individual teeth
directed mesially; palatine teeth in a group of 10-12 on each side,
separated from the vomerine series by a diastema; about 27 teeth
in the vomerine group, which is continuous and curving; mandibular
teeth, 48-48; many of the teeth in both upper and lower series
slightly bifid; tongue large, lamellated, the plicae running longi-
tudinally ; tongue free on sides.
Body about as deep as wide; head much wider than deep; arm
rather short, failing to reach beyond tip of snout; digits tipped with
horn, in the following order of size: fingers, 1, 4, 2, 3; toes, 1, 5, 2,
3, 4; two palmar (metacarpal) tubercles; a pair of metatarsal tu-
bercles. Skin on head minutely corrugated and pitted; traces of the
lateral-line organs on head and body inconspicuous or absent.
Color. Grayish-black above, nearly uniform; grayish on sides
and venter; tips of digits blackish-brown.
Measurements in mm. Nos. 16367, 92, 16366, 9, 16365, ¢,
snout to posterior end of vent, 86, 80.5, 68.7; tail, 76.1, 71, 60; width
of head, 18.8, 17, 15; length of head, 24, 21.2, 19; depth of head, 11.8,
Taytor: New SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 423
11, 8.3; snout to nuchal fold, 19.8, 18, 16; snout to arm, 29.2, 25.5,
21.5; axilla to groin, 38, 37.5, 28.2; arm, 26, 24.2, 24; leg, 29.2, 25, 24.
Variation. In general appearance the two adult paratypes are
similar. In both, however, the third toe is slightly longer than the
fourth, instead of shorter, and traces of the lateral line organs persist
as a series of minute openings which are slightly elevated and which
are frequently white in color; these are confined to the lateral and
ventro-lateral rows, the latter continued on the breast.
In No. 16366, ¢ , a few spots are also visible in the dorso-lateral
row.
The male (No. 16365) has an enlarged, flattened cloacal gland.
As is typical of the males of most salamanders this specimen has
longer limbs, the adpressed limbs overlapping nearly to the elbow.
In all the specimens the caudal fin is only slightly narrower than the
fleshy part of the tail.
Larvae. In the larval specimens, all collected with the type in a
tiny stream, near its headwaters, I find two groups of larvae which
I interpret as normal and neotenic forms. The entire series ranges
from tiny specimens 25 mm. (snout to posterior part of vent) in
length, to the large neotenic forms 87 mm. long. The specimen hay-
ing the greatest length contains fully developed eggs in the ovaries
which are equally as large, and similarly colored to those present in
the type specimen.
The younger larvae have the lateral line organs in three series, a
dorsolateral, a lateral, and a ventrolateral, the last continued onto
the breast. These are usually conspicuous due to the presence of
white or cream spots about their external openings. In many larger
and some of the smaller larvae the light spots are wanting. In some
of the larvae the tails are longer than head and body.
Another variation is evident in the vomerine series. Part of the
longer and shorter tailed forms have the teeth in a continuous arch;
and part have the series distinctly divided. This variation is evi-
dent too in the transformed specimen. The type, a female, differs
from the other adult male and female. The adults were taken under
water with the larvae.
Two larval specimens are figured with the type. It is possible the
type transformed from a neotenic specimen, the two other adult
specimens from subadult larvae. In the very young larvae (25 mm.)
the dorsal fin extends to the shoulders but it has disappeared on body
when the larvae have reached about 40-45 mm., the caudal fin termi-
nating abruptly near insertion of the hind legs.
The differences between this form and Ambystoma amblycephala
424 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
.
are discussed under that form; from bombypella it differs in the
character of skin, coloration and the arrangement of the palatine
and vomerine teeth.
I am not certain whether the small stream in which the specimens
were found, empties into the drainage system of the Balsas river or
that of the Lerma (Rio Grande) river. The elevation was about
9,000 feet, and may be near the divide between the two systems.
Siredon mexicana (Shaw)
(Plate XLV, fig. 3)
Gyrinus mexicanus Shaw, Naturalist’s Miscellany Vol. 9, 1798, pls. 343, 344.
Stredon humboldtii Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gén., Vol. 9, pp. 176-181.
Ambystoma mexicanum Lafrentz, Abh. Ber. Mus. Natur-Heimatk. Natur. Ver. Magdeburg,
Bd. VI, Heft 11, 1930, pp. 95-105, pl. II, fig. 1; Wolterstorff, op. cit. pp. 135-1388, figs. 4, 5.
This species, the form of Siredon longest known, appears to be
confined, normally, to certain lakes and swamps of the Valley of
Mexico. A series of ten were purchased at Lake Xochomilco in
1938. These are EHT-HMS Nos. 18946-18955.
Description. A large neotenic salamander with head broader
than long. The maxillary-premaxillary teeth vary from 42-51 on
each side of jaw, the teeth extending slightly behind the posterior
level of choanae; mandibular teeth 48-52 on each side, the posterior
teeth of the series somewhat enlarged; palatine teeth in straight,
nearly parallel series, containing from 8 to 16 teeth, the smaller
number in the older specimens; vomerine series consist of from 24
to 32 teeth on each side, the series directed diagonally forward, but
are separated medially by a distance somewhat less than half the
length of a single series. The teeth are often arranged in short
diagonal rows rather than in a serial line; vomerine teeth separated
from the palatine by a diastema; 28 to 38 splenial teeth, the
posterior teeth arranged in short diagonal series of three or four
teeth. The smaller numbers are in the older specimens. (In very
old specimens it may be that most of the splenial teeth are lost or
covered by the gums.)
Skin moderately smooth, the pitting on head and body rather
indistinct or obsolete in most cases, the head occasionally with a
few small craterlike pits; occasionally the skin has a slightly granu-
lated appearance. The dorsal fin inserts anteriorly at a point more
than a centimeter behind the posterior gill insertion; anteriorly the
fin is a little more than a low fold, but on tail it rises to a height of
several millimeters; tail sharply pointed at distal end; limbs, when
adpressed, overlapping about the length of the foot, or less in fe-
males filled with eggs; digits including the distal part of the
Taytorn: New SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 425
metatarsals and a still larger part of the metacarpals, free, the digits
flat and pointed. A pair of metatarsal tubercles and a pair of
metacarpal tubercles normally present, but one or another may be
absent. Males have an enlarged cloacal gland, which is reduced in
females.
Measurements in mm. Largest male, 18954, largest female,
18950; snout to posterior end of vent, 132, 125; tail, 95, 85; snout to
arm, 43; 45; axilla to groin, 58, 62; width of head, 33, 37; length of
head, 44.4, 45; arm, 36, 38; leg, 40, 38; nuchal fold free, 8, 10.
Transformed adult. (Field Museum Natural History No. 19179.)
I do not have the history of this specimen. The label states “Mexico
City, Mexico, Coll. Emil Witschi, July 1933.” Mr. Karl Schmidt
states that he believes that the specimen was artificially trans-
formed.
This specimen is squat, the body short, plump, and the head very
short and wide. The tail is much shorter than head and body;
distance between the eyes (10.2 mm.) distinctly longer than snout
(7.4 mm.) ; a few faint traces of pits are discernible; nostrils rather
narrow, elongate, the distance between them greater than their
distance from the eye.
Maxillary-premaxillary teeth 63-63; palatine teeth 7-7 on each
side in a nearly straight, transverse line; vomerine teeth about 11-
13, the series tending to form a very broad angle, but with a slight
diastema medially; a median well-like cavity in the palate; choanae
rather large; tongue large, the lamellae parallel for the most part;
about 60-60 mandibular teeth.
Digits rather short, pointed, free on foot to near the distal end of
the metatarsals, on hand, the distal tip of the metacarpals free; a
well-developed inner metacarpal tubercle, the outer apparently
wanting; a strong inner metatarsal tubercle, the outer barely in-
dicated; digits in the following ascending order of size: fingers, 1, 4,
2, 3; toes, 1, 5, 2, 4, 3; adpressed limbs overlap the length of foot;
11 costal folds. Tail strongly compressed without trace of a mem-
branous fin; dorsally skin smooth, but on sides of head and body,
as well as on tail, it is granular.
Deep brown on dorsal surface of head, dorsal and half of the
lateral region of body and on tail; yellowish, low on sides and chin;
muddy yellow on abdomen. The body above and below with
scattered large black spots; tip of digits light.
Measurements. Snout to posterior end of vent, 87.5; tail, 67.2;
snout to foreleg, 29; axilla to groin, 45; width of head, 25.2; length
of head, 27; snout to nuchal fold, 20.2.
426 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Siredon* dumerilii (Dugés)
Siredon Dumerilii Dugés, La Naturaleza I, 1879-1880, pp. 241-244, pl. V, figs. 1-12.
Type description; type locality, Patzcuaro, Michoacan; Ann. Sci. Nat. (5) Zodl. Ser. V. 15,
Art. 17, 1887, 2 pages; Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Museum No. 34, 1889, p. 84; Velasco, La
Naturaleza, IV, 1879, p. 215.
Ambystoma tigrinum (part) Giinther, Biol. Cent. Amer. Batr., Dec., 1901, p. 295;
Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Grad. s. Caud. Batr. Apoda British Mus., 2 ed., 1882 p. 43-45 part.
Ambystoma dumerili Lafrentz, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatk. Nat. Ver. Magdeburg, Band
VI, Heft II, 1930, pp. 92-94, pl. III, fig. 2; Wolterstorff, op. cit. pp. 139, text figs. 6, 7,
8, 9, 10.
This very striking species is known only from Lake Patzcuaro,
Michoacan. It is unknown in a transformed state.
Diagnosis. A large perinnibranchiate; reddish-violet mixed with
brown, much lighter below. Body short, flattened somewhat; head
much flattened; 12 costal folds; four gill openings; three gills; ad-
pressed limbs overlap the length of foot; ventral fold on neck free
medially for 5mm; large number of shallow crater-like pits on head,
neck and to a much lesser extent elsewhere on back, sides, and ven-
ter, giving surface a somewhat corrugated appearance; fingers united
by a web involving proximal phalanx.
Description. USNM. No. 16201. (Reputed to be from Guana-
juato, México, Dugés, collector. It is possible that this specimen
may have actually been before Dugés when he described the species.
He designates no type. It seems certain that this specimen originated
in Lake Patzcuaro and was sent to the U. 8. National Museum from
the Guanajuato locality by Dugés.)
Head broad and flat, its length about a fifth longer than broad;
to edge of the ‘‘ventral fold” 29mm. Ventral fold has a free edge
medially for about 5mm., maxillary-premaxillary tooth series 64-
63 (counting an occasional missing tooth); palatine teeth 24-23,
vomerine teeth, 37-38; the vomero-palatine series nearly continuous
on the left side, the two series separated medially by a short dis-
tance; about 50-48 splenial teeth; mandibular teeth 70-89.
The dorsal fin arises about 10 mm. back of the level of arm in-
sertion; on body, it is very low, but on the tail reaches a height of
6mm. above, and about 3.5mm. below tail. The maximum width
of the tail near base is 16 mm. including fins.
The webbing on foot includes the first (proximal) phalanx of each
toe, the toes terminating in points; a small inner metatarsal tubercle,
the outer if present is not discernible; a small inner metacarpal
tubercle; hand with the web extending slightly farther than on toes;
the pits on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral part of head are con-
spicuous, giving the head a corrugated appearance in the occipital
* After this paper went to press, a new genus, Bathysiredon, was proposed for this species. :
Taytor: Netw SALAMANDERS FROM MEeExIco 427
region; region back of nuchal fold likewise pitted and corrugated; a
few scattered pits evident on body.
Color. The specimens are faded so that the general color is dirty
creamy white. In life the color was probably reddish-violet.
Measurements in mm. USNM. Nos. 16201, 16202, 53361, respec-
tively; snout to anterior end of vent about 123, 140, 111; tail, 86,
102, 97; axilla to groin, ?, 68, 57; arm, ?, 49, 37; leg, ?, 36, 48; head
width, 40, 44, 30; head length, 50, 54, 40; distance between eyes, 17,
18, 14; between nostrils, 11, 10, 9.
Variation. In the smallest specimen USNM. No. 53361, the tooth
formula is: maxillary-premaxillary teeth, 46-54; palatine, 15-13;
vomerine, 46-36; splenial, 48-48; mandibular, 65-70. In this speci-
men the small outer metacarpal tubercle is present.
Siredon lermaensis sp. nov.
(Plate XLVIII)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 22578, Lake Lerma, east of Toluca,
México, September 16, 1939, by E. H. Taylor and H. M. Smith
(purchased from fishermen) ; adult.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS No. 22586, topotype, adult; 15436-15440;
22571-22586 topotypes; larvae.
Diagnosis of adult. A large salamander; the body somewhat com-
pressed; gray-black to black above and below; about 60 maxillary-
premaxillary teeth on each side; vomero-palatine series continuous,
forming a broad angle (failing to meet by a narrow space), about
20 on each side; head much longer than wide; tongue laterally with
black pigment; limbs overlap length of hand; tail length equal to
distance from gular fold to anus; low, thin fin on tail; toes not
webbed; 11 to 12 costal folds; skin of throat folded.
Diagnosis of larva. <A large (often neotenic) larval type, four
gill slits, three gills; 12 costal folds; dorsal fin originating on back of
head, anterior to posterior level of gill origins; limbs overlap a
distance greater than length of hand; digits not webbed; the mem-
branes between the metacarpals and metatarsals not or but slightly
excised; metatarsal and metacarpal tubercles; about 50-60 maxil-
lary-premaxillary teeth on each side of jaw; vomero-palatine series
30-12, the smaller number being on the palatine; a series of teeth on
the splenial; body strongly compressed, the surface glands on body
enlarged giving a granular appearance.
Description of type. Head large, its length (84 mm.) nearly 1.26
times the width (27 mm.); length of snout, 9 mm.; interorbital
428 THe UNIversity ScieENcE BULLETIN
distance, 10.2 mm.; length of orbit, 6.5 mm.; distance between nos-
trils, 8.5 mm.; a strong constriction (groove) behind head with a
somewhat thickened region in front on sides, a continuation of the
gular fold which crosses the back of throat; skin of chin with longi-
tudinal folds; a groove below eye marking the thickened fold at
corner of mouth; mouth narrow, the angle of the opened mouth not
reaching much beyond middle of eye; maxillary-premaxillary tooth
series (counting an occasional missing tooth), 128, about half of this
number on each side; about 188 mandibular teeth; vomero-palatine
series beginning behind middle of choanae and running diagonally
forward to middle of palate, forming an obtuse angle, failing to meet
opposite series by a space equal to diastema between two teeth;
choanae small, widely separated; no trace of splenial teeth; anterior
part of tongue lamellate or plicate, the plicae tending to radiate;
sides of tongue pigmented. A deep median pit on palate.
Skin generally smooth, but in parts it may appear slightly granu-
lar especially on sides; eleven rather distinct costal folds, the axillary
and one following not clearly discernible; anal region somewhat
swollen, the walls of the cloaca papillate; tail fin low; not reaching
to point above vent; a series of enlarged pits about eyes extending
on to snout, and temporal region.
First finger shortest; second and third equal (right hand) or
third longer (left hand) ; fingers slightly flattened, pointed, the web
between metacarpals slightly excised; metacarpal tubercles rounded,
flattened; toes flattened the tips pointed, the web between the meta-
tarsals slightly excised; fourth toe slightly longer than third.
Measurements of type and larval paratypes in mm. Nos. 22578,
154387, 15439, 15438, 15440; sex, ¢, ¢, $, 2, 9; snout to pos-
terior end of vent, 130, 135, 128, 113.2, 87.5; posterior end of vent
to tip of tail, 99, 116, 109, 80, 75.3; depth of head, 19, 25, 25, 23.5,
17.5; depth of body, 29, 28, 32.1, 36, 21; depth of tail, including
fin, 20, 40, 34, 31, 22; width of head, 27, 35.5, 30.4, 30, 21.5; snout
to opercular flap (or gular fold), 28, 31.5, 27, 26.8, 23.5; arm, 30,
38.4, 36, 35.5, 31; leg, 41.8, 47, 42.5, 35.5, 29; axilla to groin, 59,
57.5, 51, 54, 57; snout to arm insertion, 45, 48.4, 43, 40, 30.
Color. Nearly uniform gray-black above and below; the tips of
the digits gray-cream; lips lighter than head; under the lens the
body is regularly peppered with minute cream dots.
Description of larva, No. 15437. Body strongly compressed as
high or higher than wide; width of the head about equal to the
distance between snout tip and the posterior edge of the opercular
Taytor: New SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 429
fold; distance between eyes (13.5 mm.) greater than distance be-
tween nostrils (11.2 mm.); depth of head (25 mm.) more than half
the length of head (from tip of snout to the base of last gill, 44
mm.) ; large pits on head, about eyes, the angles of the jaws, and
to a lesser extent on snout, discernible but not conspicuous; dorsal,
lateral, and ventral sides of the body, and sides of tail granular;
the summit of each granule with a minute pit.
Dorsal fin arising on the back part of head, continuing as a low,
somewhat thickened fold along the back, rising to a height of six
millimeters between hind legs, and on tail to a maximum of about
ten millimeters; cloacal region (male) greatly swollen, the walls
thickened and heavily papillate; adpressed leg reaches the elbow of
the adpressed arm; fingers flattened, terminating in points; a slight
web is evident between the distal ends of the metacarpals and meta-
tarsals, and sometimes suggesting a slight fringe along the side of
digit (if the digits are slightly dessicated) ; an inner and an outer
metacarpal tubercle; similar metatarsal tubercles; the edge of the
opercular fold is free for 15 millimeters on the median ventral line;
eleven costal folds (12 grooves), between axilla and groin.
Maxillary and premaxillary teeth about 60-60; vomero-palatine
tooth series practically continuous (12-36; 12-33), slightly diagonal,
arching anteriorly, but separated medially by a distance less than
one-sixth the distance between the choanae; mandibular teeth about
60-60; splenial teeth about 16-16 with a rather large hiatus in the
middle of the series.
Color in life. Deep purplish-black. The summit of the granules
light; the corners of the mouth, and the tips of the digits lighter.
Variation. The measurements given above show age and sex
variation. The smaller paratypes are more or less lavender above
and often somewhat creamy lavender below. The lateral line organs
may have lighter spots about them, and the throats may be dirty
cream. In some of the smaller specimens the teeth may be some-
what irregular and the splenial series may not have penetrated the
gums. In the old, neotenic specimens most of the splenial teeth
have been shed. No trace of them is present in the transformed
specimens.
Remarks. The larvae of this form differs from Siredon dumerelii
Dugés in having a much narrower, less flattened head, a more
rounded snout, a deeper, more robust tail, a laterally, compressed
body; the gular fold free for a greater distance on median ventral
line, the pitting on the head less conspicuous; the body more robust;
430 Tue UNIversiry SCIENCE BULLETIN
no break (or a very slight one) in the continuity of the vomero-
palatine tooth series, while the combined series is separated medially
by a wider distance. The color is very dark, almost black.
From Siredon mexicana (Shaw), the species differs in having a
more robust, mere laterally compressed body and tail; in having
the dorsal fin originating farther forward on head (in mexicana be-
hind level of insertion of arms), in the lack of spotting on body, and
in a smaller series of splenial teeth.
It is significant that these forms are each in a different drainage
system. S. mexicana is connected with the Rio Panuco system to
the Gulf of Mexico (formerly underground drainage?) ; S. dumerilit
with the Cuitzeo-Patzcuaro system (underground); Siredon ler-
maensis with the Rio Lerma-Rio Santiago system to the Pacific.
This species is used for food. It is regularly offered for sale in the
markets of Toluca and perhaps elsewhere during the fishing season.
432 Tue UNIversiIty ScriENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XLV
Fic. 1. Ambystoma bombypella sp. nov. EHT-HMS, No. 3997; near Rancho
Guadalupe, 14 km. east San Martin, Asuncién, México.
Fic. 2. Ambystoma amblycephala sp. nov. EHT-HMS, No. 16443. Type.
15 km. west of Morelia, Michoacan.
Fic. 3. Siredon mexicana Shaw. FMNH. 19179.
Taytor: New SALAMANDERS FROM Mexico 433
PLATE XLV
"
A
‘
28--2181
434 Tie UNiversiry Sciknce BULLETIN
PLATE XLVI
Fig. 1. Ambystoma ordimaria sp. nov. EHT-HMS, No. 16381.
Topotype. 55mm. snout to end of vent.
Fic. 2. Ambystoma ordimaria sp. nov. KHT-HMS, No. 163868.
(older) Topotype. Snout to vent, 70mm.
Fic. 3. Ambystoma ordinaria sp. nov. HKHT-HMS, No. 16367.
Adult female, near Puerto Hondo and El Mirador, Michoacan.
Larva.
Larva.
Type.
TAYLOR:
New SALAMANDER
PEATE ar Vi
FROM Mexico
436 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XLVIL
Fic. A. Thorius ponnatulus Cope FHT-HMS, No. 12141; two miles south-
west Acultzingo, Veracruz. 7.
Fic. B. Thorius pennatulus (Cope) EHT-HMS, No. 17751. > 7. Two miles
southwest Acultzingo, Veracruz.
Fic. C. Thorius narisovalis sp. nov. Type. 7. Cerro San Felipe, near
Oaxaca, Oaxaca.
437
RS FROM Mexico
PLATE XLVII
438 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE XLVIII
Fic. A. Szredon lermaensis sp. nov. EHT-HMS, No. 15487; Lake Lerma,
near Toluca, México. A larva.
Fic. B. Same. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 22578; Lake Lerma, east of Toluca,
México. 1.
XICO
Mer
FROM
RS
EW SALAMANDE
=
|
a
TAYLOR
PLATE XLVI
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OcToBER 1, 1939 [ No. 13
Mexican Snakes of the Genus Typhlops
EDWARD H. TAYLOR,
Department of Zodlogy, University of Kansas
Apsrracr: There are three well-known representatives of the genus T'yphlops
in Mexico. All are known from definite localities; all are known from more
than a single specimen; and all have been found by at least two different col-
lectors. These are Typhlops basimaculatus Cope; T. braminus Daudin, and
T. microstomus Cope. A fourth species, Typhlops psittacus Werner, described
from a single specimen, the collector unknown (or at least not stated), and
with no more definite locality data than “Mexico,” belongs to a section of the
genus having a sharp transverse edge on the snout, a section of the genus
hitherto unknown from the western hemisphere. In consequence one is rather
prone to question the label.
Typhlops basimaculatus Cope
Typhlops basimaculatus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 320. Type
locality, “Cordova and Orizaba”’ Veracruz.
Cope described this form briefly from a specimen or specimens
sent from Mexico by Sumichrast. Three years later Peters described
a form Typhlops perditus. (Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1869,
pp. 480-436. Type locality, Orizaba.) Since he compares the form
with Typhlops reticulatus I suspect that he had not seen Cope’s
description from which his own does not differ in any significant
character. At a much later date F. Miller described a form which
he designated Typhlops (praelongus n. sp.?) (sic) from Cordoba.
He compares it with Peters’ perditus, stating that it “steht dem
T. perditus Peters sehr nahe, und unterscheidet sich von ihm wesent-
lich nur durch jede Abwesenheit einer Spur von Auge.” Boulenger
(Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum, 2d Ed. I, 1893,
p. 28, and Gunther (Biologia, Centrali Americana, Batrachia and
Reptilia, April 1898, p. 86) refers the three above species to Typh-
lops tenuis Salvin (Proce. Zool. Soc. London, 1860, p. 454. Type
(441)
442 THe University ScreNcE BULLETIN
locality Coban, Guatemala). This latter species is described by
Salvin as having 17 scale rows and no mention is made of the yellow
head and yellow tail tip.
Bocourt (Mission Scientifique au Mexique; Etudes sur les Rep-
tiles, Livr. 8, 1882, p. 499) describes and figures a form from
Guatemala* which he identifies as Typhlops perditus Peters and
which is figured as having a well-developed eye.
Thus we have a vellow-headed form in Guatemala having similar
body proportions to the form described by Salvin; 18 scale rows
are present about the body, as is hkewise true of perditus, basi-
maculatus and praelongis.
Fic. 1. Typhlops basimaculatus Cope. EHT-HMS, No. 5499;
Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, Mexico. 5.
While the above facts point to a possibility of a close relationship
to Typhlops tenuis 1 doubt the matter is settled beyond question.
In consequence I am maintaining Cope’s name, knowing that it is
certainly applicable to this form, and trusting that the future will
offer an opportunity for the examination of the type of T. tenuis.
A specimen in the EHT-HMS collection No. 5499, presented to
me by Mr. Dyfrig McH. Forbes, was collected at Potrero Viejo
some ten miles east of Cérdoba, Veracruz. It presents the following
characters: Head much flattened, the thickness at anterior edge of
mouth only one-half the width of head; the greatest depth of head
is three-fourths the width of head; nasal completely divided, the
suture arising from the first labial; four upper labials; posterior
nasals not in contact behind the rostral; latter rather tongueshaped,
about a fourth wider, on upper surface, than on ventral surface, not
reaching posteriorly to the level of the eye; preocular large, dis-
tinctly wider than the ocular, and of slightly greater area; ocular
*He states ‘““Mexique, Guatemala’ for the source of the specimen figured; measurements
lrom a4 Guatemala specimen are given.
Taytor: MeExICAN SNAKES 445
somewhat longer vertically than the preocular; no subocular; scales
following rostral a little larger than body scales; supraoculars about
same size as the scale following rostral; two elongated parietal scales
on each side (the anterior broken on the left side) ; anterior parietal
separated from the last (fourth) labial by two scales, which, with
the parietal and labial form the posterior border of the ocular; men-
tal very small; three lower labials; eye represented by a small pig-
mented area. Seales in 18 rows throughout body. The nine ventral
rows are immaculate; the dorsal rows are spotted, each spot cover-
ing (usually) parts of four scales; the yellowish reticulation between
the spots not confined to the scale edges; dorsal part of snout, and
sides of head to behind ocular, immaculate yellow-white; scales from
rostral to tip of tail, 391; ten scales under tail.
Total length, 248 mm.; diameter of body, 4mm.; width of head,
4mm.; depth of head in front of mouth, 2mm.; at eyes, 3.2 mm.;
diameter of body in total length, 62.
I have compared this specimen with the type (U.S. N. M. 6602,
Cérdova, and Orizaba, Veracruz, F. Sumichrast), and find no signifi-
cant differences. The type is more robust. The head examined un-
der a strong lens shows searcely a trace of the eye; the snout is :
very blunt oval, nearly truncate. There are actually three lower
labials. Color faded, but the pigment pattern on head is very simi-
lar to the described specimen; eight dorsal scales pigmented; re-
maining ten rows whitish; 385 scales, mouth to anus; 9 scales under
tail; total length (about) 330 mm.; tail, 42mm.; head width, 4.8
mm.; greatest body width, 6mm.
Typhlops microstomus Cope
Typhlops microstomus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 125. Type
locality, Yucatan, Mexico.
This species is widely separated from other described species 1
America by the following combination of characters: eighteen scale
rows; one preocular; one subocular separating the ocular from
labial; eve, on ocular-preocular suture, scarcely visible; lower Jaw
narrowed at tip; snout rounded, not hooked. ‘Color yellowish-olive,
becoming brighter yellow posteriorly.” Specimens, other than the
type, are known.
Typhlops psittacus Werner
Typhlops psittacus Werner, Zoodl. Anz. XXVI, No. 693, Feb. 9, 1903, p. 248. Type
locality, “Mexico.”
This form is distinguishable from other Mexican forms in having
a hooked snout with sharp side margins; the nostril on the under-
444 THe UNIversiry ScreENcE BULLETIN
side of snout, a subocular present. The description gives 24 as the
number of scale rows, while the key included in the description gives
20 rows for the species. So far as I can learn this species is known
only from the type. As all forms known having a sharp snout are
old world forms, one might be tempted to question the “Mexico”
locality label.
Typhlops braminus (Daudin)
Eryx braminus Daudin, Histoire Naturelle Générale at Particuliiire des Reptiles, vol. VII
(year XI) 1808, pp. 279-280.
Specimens of this species have been taken in southern Guerrero,
in the general region near Acapulco. It is likely that it was im-
ported from the Philippines. Peropus mutilatus and Hemidactylus
frenatus, two other Philippine reptiles, have reached the west coast
of Mexico.
Fic. 2. Typhlops braminus Daudin. EHT-HMS, No. 5251; two miles
south Garrapatas, Guerrero, Mexico, June 27, 19382. 5.
The EHT-HMS collection contains the following specimens of the
species: No. 5251, two miles south Garrapatas, Guerrero; elevation,
590 m.; collected by Hobart M. Smith, June 27, 1932. No. 15917,
Agua del Obispo, Guerrero, June 25, 1938; No. 15918, at km. 388
near Xaltinanguis, Guerrero; Nos. 15919-15933, El Limoncito, Guer-
rero, about 15 km. north of Acapulco, all collected by E. H. Taylor.
All of the localities listed are less than fifty miles from Acapulco
which, I suspect, was the port of entry of the species into Mexico.*
The extent that it has spread suggests that the importation is not
particularly recent, but probably dates to the time when the Spanish
galleons carried trade between Acapulco and the Philippines.
*Since the above was written, notice of the discovery of this species in Mexico has ap-
peared in Herpetologia, I, No. 5, p. 44. The locality, Chilpancingo, is approximately 80 miles
from the coast.
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vout. XX VI] OcToBER 1, 1939 | No. 14
Some Mexican Serpents
EDWARD H. TAYLOR
Department of Zodlogy, University of Kansas
Apstract: The following species of Mexican snakes are discussed: Loxo-
cemus bicolor Cope; Loxrocemus sumichrasti Bocourt; Natrix valida (Kenni-
cott); Ninia sebae sebae (Duméril and Bibron); Ninia diademata Baird and
Girard; Geophis semidoliatus (Duméril and Bibron); Geophis blanchardi
Taylor and Smith; Hnulius unicolor (Fischer); Adelphicos quadivirgatus Jan;
Diadophis regalis dougesti (Villada); Conopsis frontalis (Cope); Dryadophis
boddaertui mexicanus Stuart; Dryadophis sleveni Stuart; Spilotes pullatus mexi-
canus (Laurenti); Elaphe mutabilis (Cope); Elaphe laeta (Baird and Girard) ;
Elaphe chlorosoma Giinther; Elaphe flavirufus (Cope); Salvadora mexicana
(Duméril and Bibron) ; Pituophis deppet deppet (Duméril and Bibron) ; Pitwo-
phis lineaticollis (Cope); Lampropeltis ruthvent Blanchard; Lampropeltis tri-
angulum nelsoni Blanchard; Lampropeltis triangulum annulata (Kennicott) ;
Lampropeltis polyzona blanchardi Stuart; Lampropeltis polyzona polyzona
Cope; Pseudoleptodeira latifasciata (Giinther); Hypsiglena torquata torquata
(Giinther) ; Urotheca elapoides elapoides (Cope); Tropidodipsas querreroensis
sp. nov.; Szbon nebulatus (Linné); Trimorphodon tau Cope; Trimorphodon
bi-scutatus (Duméril and Bibron); Trimorphodon latifascia (Peters); Lepto-
deira septentrionalis (Kennicott); Leptodeira splendida Giinther; Tantilla bo-
courti Giinther; Tantilla rubra Cope; Tantilla martindelcampot Taylor; Tan-
tilla calamaria Cope; Micrurus nuchalis Schmidt; Micrurus laticollaris (Pet-
ers); Micrurus fitzingert (Jan); Micrurus affinis affinis (Jan); Agkistrodon
bilineatus Giinther.
Loxocemus bicolor Cope.
(Figure 1)
Loxocemus bicolor Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, p. 76 (type description:
type locality, La Union, Salvador). Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. (3), 1862, IX, p. 55;
and Zool. Record 1864, p. 123 (Identifies Plastoseryx (!) bronni of Jan with bicolor; Cope,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.; No. 32, 1887, p. 64. Bocourt, Etude sur les Reptiles, Miss. Sci. au
Mexique et dans |’Amér. Cent., Livr. 8, 1882, pp. 515-516, pl. 30, fig. 5, 5a-e (part.). Bou-
lenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed. I, 1893, p. 74-75 (part.). (Southern Mexico. Tehuan-
tepec); Gimther, Biologia Centrali- Americana, Reptilia, July, 1895, pp. 179-180 (Colima,
Tehuantepec; Guatemala).
(445)
446 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
? Plastoseryx bronni Jan, Arch fiir Nat., 28 Vol. 1, 1862, pp. 242, 244-246; type description :
type locality ‘“‘America’’ (‘‘Diese ausgezeichnete neue Art fand ich in der mir von Prof.
Bronn freundlichst mitgetheilten Schlangensammlung des Heidelberger Universitats- Museums ;
sie wurde, wie er mir Schrieb dureh Dr. Eichler im Jahr, 1859 von einem Schiffskapitéin
angekauft mit anderen Schlangen, die meist Siidamerikanische Sind, ohne nihere Bezeichnung
des Vaterlandes derselben.’’); and Jan and Sordelli, Icon. Gén. Ofid., Livr. 2, 1865, p. 66;
Livr. 3, pl. 1; Jan, Elenco Sist. degli Ofid; 18638, p. 20.
Loxocemus bronni Bocourt, Etude sur les Reptiles, Miss. Sci. au Mexique et dans ]’Ameér.
Cent., Livr. 8, 1882, p. 516, t. 30, figs. 6, 6a, b.
Lacking a specific locality for Plastoseryx bronni Jan, the associ-
ation of this species with bicolor is largely a guess. Bocourt, on the
basis of the figure of Jan & Sordelli (loc. cit.), retains the species as
distinct. The coloration agrees with that of Loxocemus bicolor
ie
\
OP ee:
eee:
Fig. ibe Loxoce MUS bicolor Cope. EHT-HMS, No. 5501; Agua Bendita,
Guerrero, Mexico. 3. (The head has been injured and may be widened
somewhat more than normal.)
Cope. The differences in squamation may be due to anomaly.
Two specimens of Loxocemus bicolor, a large female and a young
female are in the collection (EHT-HMS Nos. 5500 near Puente
de Ixtla, Morelos, km. 97.5, and 5501 Agua Bendita, Guerrero km.
185.5). These specimens have the dorsal, purple-lavender coloration
clearly set off from the ventral coloration of creamy white. A slight
pigmentation occurs on the inner edges of the subcaudals. These
present the following scale data: Ventrals, 242, 242; subcaudals,
46,46; seale formula, 45-34-34-34-26, 44-33-33-32-26; upper labials,
9-10, 9-10; labials enter eye, 4-4, 5-0; lower labials, 13-12, 13-12;
preoculars, 1-1, 1-2 (the lower on left side minute, separating fourth
labial from eye); postoeulars and suboculars 4-4, 4-3; temporals
ay ikea Bei (oreinG: luego sie slang
TayLtor: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 447
While it is not certain that these characters will prove constant
when larger series are available, these differences obtain in my
specimens of bicolor and swmichrasti, respectively. Anterior chin-
shields are proportionally much larger while the scale adjoining
outer seale is distinctly shorter than the first chinshields; in swmi-
chrasti the outer scales bordering the chinshields are longer than
the chinshields themselves; the first pair of lower labials are longer
than in bicolor. The suture between the internasals is equally as
long as that between the prefrontals in bicolor; in swmichrasti the
prefrontal suture is one and one-half times as long as the internasal
suture; rostral ridge higher in bicolor.
The ventrals and subeaudals of swmichrasti are 300, 309; of
Fic. 2. Lorocemus sumichrasti Bocourt. EHT-HMS, No. 5502;
El Limoncito, near La Venta, Guerrero, Mexico.
bicolor 289, 289. Oliver’s Colima specimen, loc. cit., has 289; the
type of Plastoseryx bronni has 242 + 45 = 287.
Loxocemus sumichrasti Bocourt
(Figure 2)
Loxocemus sumichrasti Bocourt, Ann. Sei. Nat., Ser. 6, Vol. 3-4, Art. 7, 1876, pp. ——
({ype description; type locality, Tehuantepec). Journ. de Zoél. (Paris) V, No. 5, 1876, pp.
403-405. Sumichrast, Bull. Soc. Zobl. France, 1880, p. 180.
Loxocemus bicolor Bocourt, Etude sur les Reptiles
>; Miss. Sci. Mex. et 1’Amér. Cent., Livr.,
8, 1882,
pp. 515-516 (part.); Ditmars, Snakes of the world. 1931, Macmillan, New York, pp.
37-38, pl. I (Colima); Oliver. Oce. Papers Mus. Zoédl. Univ. Michigan, No. 360, Nov. 20, 1937,
p. 18 (Colma); Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 1988 (1989), pp. 239-240
(Guerrero).
This species described by Bocourt in 1876 was not regarded as
distinct when he treated of the genus in 1882. Sumichrast, in 1880
loc. cit., discussed the species, and pointed out that specimens col-
448 Tue UNIversITy SCIENCE BULLETIN
lected in the western part of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec showed
marked sexual variation in color (from pure white to “gris cendre’’)
and mentions that specimens from his collections sent to the Smith-
sonian Institution were referred by Cope to Loxocemus bicolor.
It appears from material in recent collections that the two forms
are distinct, and the color variation is actually specific, rather than
due to sexual or age differences.
Two specimens were captured from a pile of rocks near the edge
of a tiny lake near El Limoncito, Guerrero, in 1938. Both are
young specimens and have a heavily pigmented venter, the heads
being very dark purple. These correspond in the characters of
coloration reported by Taylor and Smith, loc. cit., for a young speci-
men likewise from Guerrero. Oliver, loc. cit., records a female
specimen from Colima having the ventral scales “closely stippled
with brown at base.”
Two specimens now in the EHT-HMS collection have the follow-
ing scale characteristics. Nos. 4574, 5502; yg, yg. Scale formula,
44-36-34-34-28-26, 44-34-32-32-28-26; ventrals, 256, 265; sub-
‘audals, 44, 44; (according to Bocourt the types have 252 to 265;
subeaudals 42 to 45). Preoculars, 1-1, 1-1; postoculars 3-3, 4-4,
the upper part of the fifth labial is segmented on each side forming
a (subocular) preocular. Labials enter eye, 4 and 5-4 and 5, 4-4;
upper labials, 11-11, 11-10; lower labials, 13-14, 13-13; temporals
3+6+6,3+5-+6; seales between chinshields and first ventral,
13, 10.
This specimen figured is as long as the figured specimen of
bicolor, but the head and the body are much more slender.
Natrix valida (Kennicott)
(Figure 3)
A small specimen, far out of the known range of the species, was
collected at a small lake near El Limoncito, about 12 km. north of
Acapulco, Guerrero, July 3, 1988 (EHT-HMS. 19224). It differs
somewhat from the typical Natrix valida in having only a single
series of well-defined lateral spots, instead of two; a wholly un-
divided nasal, a lower number of ventrals; nine instead of ten lower
labials. The following characters obtain:
Rostral slightly visible above; internasals longer than wide, nar-
rowed greatly anteriorly, as long or longer than the prefrontals;
latter scales very much wider than long, strongly bent down over
side of snout; anterior margin of frontal nearly transverse, the
sides minutely concave, the widest point of scale near the posterior
TayLtor: Some MExIcAN SERPENTS 449
end of the supraocular, rather suddenly angulate behind, a little
longer than its distance from tip of snout; parietals equal to their
distance from the rostral; nostril pierced in a single nasal, which is
longer than high; no trace of groove or split from nostril to edge of
scale; loreal small, forming an angle above; an elongate preocular
wider above than below; three postoculars; temporals 1 +- 2 + 3; up-
per labials 8-8 in following ascending order of size; 8, 1, 3, 2, 4, 7,
5, 6, four and five enter orbit (a tiny scale segmented from anterior
end of first temporal on right side); two pairs of chinshields sub-
aires
yy
~~.
Ses
os
C2
SAWPane)
SS NAT
oY
Fia. 3. Natrix valida Kennicott. EHT-HMS, No. 19224;
El] Limoncito, near La Venta, Guerrero, Mexico.
equal in length, the posterior wider, curving on inner edges, sepa-
rated by one scale anteriorly, three posteriorly; lower labials 9-9,
four touch first chinshields; diameter of eye equal to its distance
from nostril; 26 scales across back of head; scale formula, 21, 21,
19; ventrals, 183; subeaudals, 72; anal divided; six scales between
the third ventral and the last lower labial.
Scales all keeled, save the anterior part of the first (outer) row
of scales; rather dimly keeled posteriorly; no apical pits.
Color. Variable grayish olive-brown above and on sides; a row
of small dark spots on the fourth scale row, the spots encroaching
somewhat on adjoining row, each spot separated by width of about
one scale; the next three outer scale rows lighter, but the upper edge
of outer scale row with a fairly continuous dim brownish line; on
median scale row a hair-fine whitish line present; on each side of
29—2181
450 THE UNIversITy ScrIENCE BULLETIN
light line the adjoining two scale rows are darker than the other
lateral rows; below white; chin cream; head brownish; upper labials
light with dark marks along sutures; lower labials whitish with dim
gray-brown lines on sutures. Total length, 181 mm.; tail, 45 mm.
While this very young specimen may represent a separable form,
it seems unwise to recognize it until other specimens are available.
Colima is the nearest point where the species has been recorded.
Ninia sebae sebae (Duméril and Bibron)
Streptophoris sebae Duméril and Bibron, Erp. Gén., 7, 1854, pp. 515-517.
In the collection are EHT-HMS Nos. 5210-5215, 15949-15960 ob-
tained at Cuautlapa, near Orizaba, Veracruz, Taylor collector; Nos.
5216, 15961-15966, Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, Dyfrig Mc. H. Forbes,
collector; No. 5217, locality uncertain, but thought to be from near
base of Mt. Popocatepetl, Puebla, John Rickards, collector; No.
15967 near Fortin, Veracruz, Taylor collector.
Eight of the specimens show an equal distribution of the black
pigment spots over the apices of dorsal scales; eighteen specimens
have a double series of small black spots on the back, usually more
or less regularly distributed; there are from 17 to 25 pairs which
may tend to alternate in some places. One of the specimens has
the spots sparse and in a single, irregular, median row (No. 15949).
One specimen has the spots arranged in narrow continuous (or
broken occasionally) bands across body. ‘These reach first scale
row; about 26 on body, 11 on tail (No. 5217).
The type locality “Mexico” has been recently restricted by Karl
P. Schmidt, to Veracruz. The variation in the ventrals is given by
Duméril and Bibron, 131-138 ventrals; 44-56 subcaudals. Since
these counts fit into similar series made from specimens from a
single locality (with one exception), there can be no significance in
the differences in the range (the exception being 131, which is lower
than my lowest count of 135, a male from Cuautlapa).
The scale data taken from the above series is as follows. Males
(18), 135-145 ventrals, average 141; 52-59 subcaudals, average 55.
Females (11) 139-148 ventrals, average about 142; subcaudals 44-52,
an average of 48. Thus in these short snakes there is a broad over-
lap in the ventral counts in the two sexes; in the subcaudals there ap-
pears to be a sexual differentiation; the highest subcaudal count of
a female specimen is equal to the lowest count for a male. There is,
however, an average’ difference between the sexes of one scale in
the ventral series and a difference of seven in the subcaudals.
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 451
Schmidt (Zo6l. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, No. 18, October
31, 1936, Notes on Snakes from Yucatan) separates the Yucatecan
form as Ninia sebae morleyi. The ventral average of the males is
about 143, with a range from 141-147; an average of two higher
than males of the typical form; the subcaudal average is 49, with
a range from 44-54. This is an average difference of seven scales
from the typical form. The ventral average for female specimens
is about 147, a range from 145-152. This is five scales higher than
females of N. sebae sebae; the subcaudals average about 43, with
a range of 36-46. This average is five scales lower than the speci-
mens In my series.
The scale formula is 23-19 about back of head; on body, 19-19-
19. The neck count on one specimen was 17, on another 21. All
others 19; the preanal count occasionally became 18, due to the
dropping of the middle row (4 cases).
In only one case were there but six upper labials, this due to
obvious fusing of the sixth and seventh. In one case only were
there but six infralabials, due to an obvious fusion of the fifth and
sixth. Five specimens had single preoculars, usually resulting from
the segmentation of the upper part of third labial, and in some cases
excluding the third labial from eye. Three others had preoculars
on one side only, and one had two preoculars on one side and one
on the other. They were wanting in all other specimens. Only one
specimen had three postoculars. In all other specimens two were
present. In all cases four lower labials touched the anterior chin-
shields which in two cases were no longer than the posterior pair.
Seven of the specimens were above 300 mm. in length. The larg-
est is No. 5217, and measures 321 mm.; No. 15966 measures 320 mm.
Males have asperities on the mental, first pair of labials, and first
pair of chinshields. These are not or barely indicated in females.
Ninia diademata Baird and Girard
Four specimens were captured at Cuautlapa (Tlilapan) near
Orizaba, Veracruz, in 1938 (KHT-HMS Nos. 5581-5584). These
have the following scale counts, respectively: ¢ 148-83 = 231, g
145-90 = 235, 9 148-85 = 233, g 148-96 =139. The scale for-
mulae are normally 21-19-19-19. In one, the scales number 24 about
the head, and one has a count of 17 in front of anus. In the largest
male, No. 5584, the mental, first pair of lower labials, and the first
pair of chinshields have rather prominent asperities; these are less
distinct in the smaller male. All scales are strongly keeled and
452 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
longitudinally striated, the striations extending onto the outer edges
of the ventrals.
Geophis semidoliatus (Duméril and Bibron)
Geophis semidoliatus Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1988 (1939), pp
244-245.
A large series of this species (HEHT-HMS Nos. 16010-16140) was
obtained near Cauautlapa (Tlilapam, Qualquapan) in 1938. Scale
counts were made on 96 specimens—49 males and 47 females—and
the results are as follows: The ventrals on females vary between
155 and 170 (16 scales), while in the males they vary between 137
and 143 (7 scales). The subcaudal scale counts vary, in females,
from 20 to 27 (8 seales), and in males from 22 to 30 (9 scales). The
range of the total count (ventral and subeaudals) in females is from
176 to 195 (20 seales); only a single specimen exceeded 188; in
males the variation is between 160 and 173 (14 scales).
Thus the known maximum for ventrals of 195, and the known
minimum of 160 was reached in a series taken in the same identical
locality.
In this series the supraoculars, preocular, postocular, temporal,
and anal are invariable. The scale formula 15-15-15 is very stable.
One specimen has 14 scale rows on neck, and one had 14 in front of
anus; one specimen had the formula 13-15-15-13. A pair of fused
labials accounted for the count of five labials on one side in two
specimens, instead of six.
I suspect that the species has a limited distribution. It is known
only from central Veracruz.
Geophis blanchardi Taylor and Smith
Geophis blanchardi Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, June 1, 1838 (1939),
pp. 245-247, fig. 2 (type description; type locality, two miles southwest Acultzingo, Veracruz).
Data taken on five topotypic paratypes of Geophis blanchardi
(EHT-MHS Nos. 5479-5483) were omitted from the type descrip-
tion. I take this occasion to comment on these specimens.
The dark marking shown on the head of the type is not due, as
suggested, loc. cit., to shed scales. The frontal and parietal scales
are normally darker than the remainder of the dorsal head scales.
In all the specimens, save type, the outer edge of the parietal is
not as dark as the remainder of the scale. Two of the specimens
are grayish-blue above, more or less iridescent; the other three are
darker, more or less bluish-black to blackish, and likewise iridescent.
In all the specimens the ventral markings are as depicted for the
type. The lower labials are as heavily pigmented as the upper
‘TayLoR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 453
labials save that in two of the specimens there is an ill-defined light
spot on the labial border below the eye as in the type.
The following ventral and subcaudal scale counts obtain. The
ventrals are counted to the last chinshields.
No. 5479, 9°, 161-30=191; No. 5480, ¢, 155-39 = 195; No.
5481, g , 156-40 = 196; No. 5482, ¢ , 162-31 = 191; No. 5483, 9,
163-31 = 194. In No. 5479 the 4th to 11th subcaudals are single;
in all, the anal is single, and the head scales are as in type unless
otherwise mentioned; in all, the scale formula is 17-17-17.
Enulius unicolor (Fischer)
Enulius unicolor Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938 (1939), p. 247.
Eight specimens of this species were taken by me in 1938 as
follows: EHT-HMS No. 5572, Agua del Obispo, Guerrero, July 6.
Nos. 5573-5578 near Huajintlan, Morelos (km. 1383) July and Au-
gust; No. 5579 between Zitacuaro and the Rio Tuxpan, Michoacan.
This latter specimen extends the range very considerably to the
northwest. Despite the wide range, the characters are relatively
constant.
There is no trace of a light collar in any of these specimens; the
frontal is longer than its distance from the end of the snout. There
is some variation in the lower labials, there being three or four
labials touching the large anterior chinshields. Younger specimens
are olive above, while the older specimens are light brown on all
except outer scale row, which is creamy white. The ventral colora-
tion is creamy white.
Scale data for Enulius unicolor (Fischer)
No. Sex Ventral Subcaudal Total
5572 Q 190 107 297
5574 io) 192 Bats bic
5575 g 193 93 286
5579 2 196 96 292
ee 3 178 BA te,
5576 re) 174 107 281
5577 ry 177 103 280
5578 ey 175 104 279
Adelphicos quadrivirgatus Jan
Rhabdosoma lineatwm Giinther (part.), Cat. Col. Snakes British Mus., 1858, p. 11,
Adelphicos quadrivirgatus Jan, Arch. Zod]. Anat. Fisio., II, 1862, p. 19 (type description ;
type locality “Java’’ in errore); Miiller, Verh, Nat. Ges. Basel, VI, 1878, p. 573, 592, 654,
Costa Grande, Guatemala (shows that the type locality is not Java); Bocourt, Etude sur les
Reptiles, Miss. Sci. Mexique et dans 1’ Amér. Cent; Livr. 9, 1883, Pl. XXXII, figs. 11, 12
(Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala); Giinther, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Reptilia and Batrachia,
p. 94, 1893. (Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, Jicaltepec, Veracruz; Belize, British Honduras) ;
Dunn, Amer. Mus. Noy., No. 314, May 16, 1829, p. 1, and Copeia, No. 4, 1931, p. 163
454 Tue UnNIversity SciENCE BULLETIN
(Genus); and Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, LXXXIV, 1932, p. 32 (Carmelina, Hon-
duras); Stuart, Univ. Michigan Mus. Zodl. Mise. Publ. No. 29, October 1, 1935, p. 51
(La Libertad, Guatemala).
?Rhegnops visoninus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 128 (type descrip-
tion; type locality, British Honduras).
?Rhegnops Sargii Fisher, Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst., II, 1885, pp. 92, 93 (type descrip-
tion; type locality, Guatemala).
?Adelphicus visoninus Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 32, 1887, p. 85.
?Adelphicus sargii, Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 32, 1887, p. 85.
Adelphicus quadrivirgatus Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 32, 1887, p. 86.
Atractus quadrivirgatus Boulenger, Cat. Snakes British Mus., 2d ed., II, 1894, pp. 312, 313
(Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala); Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, IV, 1929, p. 189 (Central
America and Mexico); Werner, Zoél. Jarb>, Bd. 57, 1929, pp. 158, 161.
A series of specimens (EHT-HMS Nos. 15331-15342) were ob-
tained from San Cristobal, Chiapas, collected by Henry Thomas.
T collected a single specimen (KHT-HMS No. 4561) near Ocozu-
coautla, Chiapas, September 3, 1935, from under a rock near a small
waterfall. The first group of specimens show the following ventral,
subeaudal and total scale counts (the ventrals are counted to the
second pair of chinshields; these anterior scales are not widened, but
are single, median scales; there are usually two or three between the
first widened ventral and the small second chinshields): 9? 138-23 =
161; g 128-36—=164; g 126-31=—157; 9 136-27=163; 9 1380-24—
154; g 127-34=161; 9 1382-25157; ¢ 128-37=165; 9 138-25=
163; g 128-32=160; 9 135-24=159; 3g 123-33=156.
The general coloration above is dark or light brown with some
indication of a darker medial line or sometimes with narrow lines on
the sixth scale rows. In others there is little variation evident in the
dorsal coloration. The lateral stripe, occupying most of the space
on the third row and adjacent parts of the second and fourth rows,
is, in some specimens, of a nearly uniform color. In others, the scales
show lighter centers. The outer scale row may be almost entirely
cream; or with the edges of each scale nearly surrounded by black;
or the dark color may form a series of small spots on the outer row.
Some have a row of tiny dots on the outer edge of each ventral.
Two of the specimens have large, deep black, triangular spots
medially on the ventrals beginning at about the first widened ven-
tral and continuing to vent and forming a continuous line. A dark
median line is present under the tails of all the specimens; three
other specimens have these median ventral dark spots faintly indi-
cated; in the others the entire ventral surface of body is cream; head
entirely dark above, the chin and upper and lower labials, creamy-
yellow. In some specimens one upper labial (or more) may have
its upper edge dark. In life the specimens are strongly iridescent.
In the character of the head scales there is slight variation. The
TayLtor: SoMeE MEXICAN SERPENTS 455
upper and lower labials are 7-7; the scale formula, 17-15-15-15; two
postoculars; one loreal; no preocular; third and fourth labials en-
tering eye. One specimen only has the loreal segmented leaving a
small preocular; one specimen has the second labial segmented mak-
ing eight supralabials on one side. Another has eight lower labials
on both sides.
One specimen, No. 4561, has the chinshields bordering the lip,
there being two labials anterior, and four labials posterior to the
chinshield; on one side the two temporals are fused making a single
long temporal.
The resemblance of the generic characteristics of the genus Adel-
phicos is strikingly similar to those of Oxyrhabdium from the
Philippines.
Diadophis regalis dougesu (Villada)
Diadophis regalis dougesii Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938 (1939),
pp. 240-241, fig. 1.
Two specimens, EHT-HMS Nos. 5555 and 15869, the first from
near Tulancingo, Hidalgo, the second from 15 kilometers west of
Morelia, Michoacan. The ventral and subcaudal counts are re-
spectively, ¢ 185-61—246, g 193-61—254; upper labials, 8-8, 7-8;
lower labials, 8-9, 9-8; scale formula, 23-17-17-15, 22-17-17-15;
width of nuchal yellow band, 2% scales, 2 scales. The specimen
from Michoacan is the darker, now almost black (having been pre-
served in formalin) ; the specimen from Hidalgo is olive-gray-brown
generally.
Conopsis frontalis (Cope)
Conopsis frontalis Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull, 1938 (1939) p. 241, pl.
XXIII, fig. 3.
I collected two specimens of this species in 1938 (EHT-HMS Nos.
5497-5498) near Huajintl4n, Morelos (km. 133). These two differ
from each other in the general color pattern. No. 5498 has a series of
40 dark, median, dorsal spots from neck to anus (tail broken), sepa-
rated by a cream spot a little longer than a single scale, and about
two scales wide. The dark spots are three to four scales long and
four or five scales wide. On each side of these spots, after an in-
terval of about one scale, is a row of somewhat elongated small
spots which form a broken line on the third and fourth scale rows;
this connects with the darker edges of the adjoining scale rows.
The whole pattern suggests that the typical saddlelike blotches
shown in the figure (Taylor and Smith loc. cit.) were broken later-
ally throughout the length of body and tail.
456 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
The general ground color is smoky lavender. A more or less
regular series of dark flecks on the alternate scales of the outer row,
may extend onto the ventrals. Ventral coloration is somewhat
pinkish white. The head markings are very similar to those of the
figure.
No. 5497 differs markedly. The dorsal spots are not well differ-
entiated, but careful observation shows a transverse blotch outlined
by the darker edges on scales, the outlines separated by a tiny white
spot, medially. The scales all have light centers with dark edges,
or one-half of the scales may be dark. The ventral coloration is
ivory-white with the dark spots on the outer scale row encroaching
on the ventrals.
Both specimens are males, the ventral-subcaudal count is: No.
5497, 155-44; in 5498, 157-25. Scale formula in both: 24, 17, 17, 17.
The specimens agree with Michoacan specimens in practically all
other character. No. 5497 has a large loreal segmented from the
side of the prefrontal on one side.
Dryadophis boddaerti mexicanus* Stuart
(Figure 4)
Eudryas boddaerti mexicanus Stuart, Occ. Papers Mus. Zodl. Univ. Michigan, No. 254,
February 9, 1933, pp. 8-9. (Type description; type locality ‘‘Zacuapan,” Mexico).
Three specimens of this rare snake are in the collection from
Potrero Viejo, Veracruz: EHT-HMS. Nos. 5256A, 5598, collected
by E. H. Taylor; No. 5599 by Dyfrig McH. Forbes. As the form
has previously been known only from type I include a description
and figure.
Description of No. 5598. Rostral, visible above for a distance less
than half the internasal suture, broader than high; internasals
longer than broad, rounded anteriorly, the suture between them
about four-fifths of suture between the prefrontals; latter much
broader than long; frontal narrow, elongate, its widest part equal
or only minutely larger than width of supraoculars; one-fifth to
one-sixth longer than its distance from end of snout; parietals a
little longer than frontal, shorter than their distance from the in-
ternasals; nasal divided, the anterior part largest, including greater
part of nostril; loreal longer than high; one preocular; two post-
oculars; diameter of eye equals distance to anterior edge of nostril;
temporals, 2 + 2; upper labials, 9-9, the fourth, fifth and sixth en-
tering the eye; 10-10 lower labials, the first five touch the first chin-
* The nomenclature of this group of snakes is undergoing revision at the hands of Dr. L. C.
Stuart.
TayLtor: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 457
shields which are shorter than second pair; latter in contact for half
of their length; five rows of scales between first widened ventral and
the last lower labial; scale formula, 25-19-17-17-15-15; all scales
smooth. Ventrals, 184; anal divided; subcaudals, 110; total length,
1095 mm.; tail, 338 mm.; tail length in total length, 3.27; length of
head, 29 mm., head width, 13 mm.
4
P|
Cha
+4
SJ
‘7
Fic. 4. Dryadophis boddaerti merzicanus Stuart. EHT-HMS,
No. 5598; Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, Mexico. 2.
Color in life. Above, nearly uniform light olive, generally yellow-
ish below; labials yellowish-cream with a dark brown to blackish
line from eye along their upper borders; a few black flecks on lower
edge of upper labials. Chin and lower labials grayish with enclosed
cream spots on all the scales; a series of dim cream transverse bands,
the first forming a median angle, visible for about one-third the
length of the body.
Since preservation, the color has become dark olive-brown above,
the lighter color of the ventral surface has become clouded; the upper
labials have become much darkened.
Variation. No. 5999 has been preserved in formalin and the color
has become dark brownish (blue where the epidermis has shed). The
markings under the chin are scarcely discernible and the venter is
clouded ultramarine. A young specimen, No. 5256, is very light
458 THE University ScIENCE BULLETIN
brown above, the transverse cream lines visible for more than half
the length of the body, but they are distinct only anteriorly; chin
and lower labials dark gray, enclosing cream spots. Where epi-
dermis is shed the color is ultramarine-gray. The scale count of
the two above specimens are respectively: Ventrals, 177, 174; sub-
caudals, 109, 128. The scale formula of both is 24-19-17-17-15-15.
No. 5599 is 1163 mm. in length; the tail, 345 mm.
Dryadophis sleveni Stuart
Eudryas sleveni Stuart, Occ. Papers Mus. Zo6l. Univ. Michigan No. 254, February 9, 1933,
pp. 9-10. (Type description; type locality, Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands.
Mexico.)
A specimen captured four miles north of Acapulco, Guerrero, is
tentatively referred to this species. The head squamation appears
to be rather close to sleveni; the ventral count is only two more, the
subcaudal count only four more, than recorded for slevent.
The specimen is a juvenile with an elaborate pattern which has
not been recorded for slevent. However, it may occur in the young.
The specimen is generally brownish-olive with a series of narrow,
transverse, brownish-white bars which cross the back, connecting
with dim light lines running the length of body on the fourth and
fifth scale rows (posteriorly on fourth). This leaves a series of 71
quadrangular spots on the back of body, slightly edged with black
anteriorly and posteriorly; the pattern is continued on the tail. The
coloration below the lateral light line is variegated darker and
lighter, but appearing rather uniform on the whole, save for a sug-
gestion of lighter lineation on first and second scale rows; below, the
color is yellowish-white, while the chin and lower labials are mottled
with cream spots surrounded by darker grayish markings; this color-
ation continues on the first ten ventrals; whitish on underside of tail
with minute blackish flecks along the inner edges of the scales. Scale
formula, 24-17-17-15-15. Ventrals, 195; subcaudals, 115.
Spilotes pullatus mexicanus (Laurenti)
Spilotes pullatus mezicanus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, IV, 1929, pp. 282-284, fig. 2,
after Giinther’s Spilotes salvini.
A specimen in the collection (EHT-HMS No. 5496) was collected
by Dyfrig McH. Forbes and presented to me.
It presents the following scale characters: Ventrals, 214; sub-
caudals, 123; anal single; upper labials, 7-8 (abnormal on both
sides) third and fourth (fourth and fifth) entering eye; lower
labials, 8-9; four touch the first chinshields, which are somewhat
shorter than second pair; latter separated by a row of scales; scale
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 459
formula, 21, 17, 18, 19, 17, 14, 12; median dorsal row single an-
teriorly, double posteriorly.
The specimen is black above, with yellow diagonal marking on
which the yellow scales usually have black spots on their borders.
The yellow spots on the head are arranged more or less as transverse
rows. The labials are yellow with black sutures. The ventrals are
yellow, variously spotted black.
Elaphe mutabilis (Cope)
(Figure 5)
Coluber mutabilis Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XXII, 1885, p. 175, (type description;
type locality, Vera Paz, Guatemala. Reported also from Costa Rica; Tehuantepec, and
Guanajuato).
I am referring a specimen (EHT-HMS No. 5193) collected by
Dr. Hobart M. Smith at El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan, to this
form. It is a juvenile specimen and the markings are well defined.
The characteristics of the head scales are shown in the figure.
They differ in certain points from the type description. The pre-
a ed)
HK (>
re
SY eee
aS
a
esie
wees |
COM
we is
Fic. 5. Elaphe mutabilis (Cope). EHT-HMS, No. 5193;
E] Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan. 3.
460 THe UNIversity ScrENCE BULLETIN
ocular is in contact with the frontal; the prefrontals are a little
wider than long; the frontal is slightly narrowed medially, longer
than wide and its length greater than its distance from the end of
the snout; the sixth labial is low, touching only two temporals.
The specimen presents the following data: Ventrals, 262; sub-
caudals, 115; scale formula, 36, 31, 33, 26, 22; 57 spots on body;
35 on tail; 8-8 upper labials; 11-11 lower labials; preocular, 1-1;
postoculars 2-2; temporals, 3 + 4-++ 5; loreal elongate, nearly twice
as long as high. Nasal constricted, the anterior moiety much higher
than posterior; scales of head, including temporals, minutely rugose,
save that the rugosities are present only on the sides of the frontal
and the outer edges of the parietals.
The ground color is faun, each scale having a slightly darker
center and two cream spots at its base. The body has 57 quadran-
gular dark-brown spots; the tail has 35, which are somewhat darker
on the edges, each scale with a slightly lighter center. A lateral
series of spots alternating with the dorsal blotches and still lower on
side there is a series of smaller dots alternating with the lateral
spots. On the edges of the ventrals and extending onto the first
scale row is another series of tiny blotches which are separated from
each other by cream spots; posteriorly the dark dots are almost
continuous and the cream spots are more conspicuous. The median
part of the ventral scales lack spots but the posterior edges of the
scales are of a very slightly darker shade than the remainder. The
head markings are depicted in the figure. Length total, 486 mm.;
tail, 104 mm.
Elaphe laeta (Baird and Girard)
Elaphe laeta Dunkle and Smith, Occ. Papers Mus. Zoél., Univ. Michigan, No. 363, Dec. 16,
1937, p:. 6.
I collected a specimen of this form (EHT-HMS, No. 5372) about
30 km. south of Laredo in Nuevo Leon, in 1936. It agrees well with
specimens in this collection (Nos. 4683-4684) collected and studied
by Dunkle and Smith. Ventrals vary between 217-224 (the ventral
count for No. 4683 is 217 instead of 205). In all, the alternating
bands of dark and light loop across the head; the median scale series
on the posterior part of the body are more or less keeled; and the
ventrals are marked with numerous small quadrangular dark spots,
which blend to form an uninterrupted row on the subcaudals.
A second specimen (No. 5552), taken 4 km. north of Villagran
Tamaulipas, a younger female specimen, has 234 ventrals—the tail
lacking the distal part.
TayLorR: SoME MeExIcan SERPENTS 461
There are 41 spots on the body and 16 + on the tail. The quad-
rangular spots on the venter tend to segregate and make irregular
dark bars on the venter, separated by two or three unspotted ven-
trals. Temporals, 3-++ 3-+ 5 on right side, irregular on left; upper
labials, 8-8; lower labials, 13-13; scale formula, 36, 25, 27, 27, 22.
Elaphe chlorosoma (Ginther)
Coluber chlorosoma Giinther, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1894, p. 115, pl. XLI (type
description; type locality, “‘Atoyac, Guerrero, Amula, Guerrero, San Ramon, Jalisco, 1,500
feet’’).
Three specimens are in the collection (EHT-HMS, Nos. 5190-
5192). The first two numbers are from El Sabino, Uruapan, Micho-
acan; No. 5192 is from near Chapala, Jalisco. They agree with the
type description in most characters. The specimens are of a bluish-
gray color. Each scale has a very tiny dark mark at the base with
a tiny white spot on each side of the scale just in advance of the
darker area. Light edges on ventrals form a more or less continuous,
narrow, light line on the ventrolateral region. The outer parts of the
ventrals are gray save for the light edge, while the major, medial
part of each ventral is immaculate cream. Chin and labials cream,
save that the upper edge of the anterior labials are gray and the
last labial is entirely gray.
These specimens have the following characters, respectively: No.
9190 g¢ , 5191 g , 5192 9 ; ventrals, 260, 262, 267; subcaudals, 118,
120, 93; upper labials, 8-8, 8-8, 9-9; lower labials, 9-9, 10-10, 10-10;
preoculars, 1-1, 1-1, 1-1; postoculars, 2-2, 2-2, 2-2; the preocular is
separated from the frontal in all. The temporals are somewhat
irregular, but three is the normal number of anterior temporals.
The scale formula for the largest (female) specimen is 37, 32, 35,
39, 32, 25, 23; its total length is 1200 mm., the tail, 240.
Elaphe flavirufus (Cope)
(Figure 6)
Coluber flavirufus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 319 (type description,
type locality, Yucatan).
This species has remained rather rare in collections. I obtained
a single specimen (EHT-HMS, No. 5373) crawling across the high-
way at night at km. 615 north of Mexico on the Laredo-Mexico City
highway about midway between El Limon and Llera.
Cope’s type was a young specimen with a yellow ground color, un-
spotted below; above, with spots on back brick red, broadly brown
margined. One foot 10 inches in length.
462 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
The present specimen is adult, the general ground color faun, with
34 large, brownish, black-edged, dorsal blotches partly broken and
occasionally confluent; alternating with these are 35 smaller lateral
blotches, of similar color, each longer than high, reaching first scale
row or ventral edge. On edges of the ventrals a series of small spots
sometimes opposite sometimes alternating with the lateral spots.
The character of the head markings is shown in the figure given.
»
VARREARas
Sea)
=
ALE:
oc (Ya wpa
om
A.
Be.
————
Me Oa
pee as V6
y
Were a
Se sere: i
Reoe a a
Waeeeatace ,
NN) ae at i
Sie
Wekerstars
Fic. 6. Elaphe flavirufus (Cope). EHT-HMS, No. 5373; between
El] Limon and Llera, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
The specimen is a female; ventrals, 253; subcaudals, 107; scale
formula, 35, 27, 29, 31, 26, 21; upper labials, 9-9, the 4th, 5th, and
6th entering orbit; 13-13 lower labials; large preocular forming a
suture with the frontal (on one side a tiny scale is partially seg-
mented, this forming a second preocular) ; two postoculars, the upper
largest; temporals 3 -+ 4, the lower anterior pushed back from the
postoculars; the second upper is elongate, reaching to posterior end
of the parietals; outer anterior part of parietals partly segmented.
Ventrals rather angulate, the outer pigmented ends are lateral; ven-
trals below immaculate yellowish.
The measurements are: total length, 1,120; tail, 238.
TayLor: Some MExIcAN SERPENTS 463
This record is far to the north of the known range of the species.
It is known in Mexico from Central Veracruz, Yucatan, Chiapas and
Tabasco.
Salvadora mexicana (Duméril and Bibron)
Salvadora mexicana Smith, Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull., XXV, No. 12, June 1, 1938 (1939), pp.
231-232, pl. XXII.
Salvadora mexicana Bogert, Pub. Univ. California at Los Angeles in Biol. Sci., I, No. 10,
pp. 184-186.
I obtained four specimens of this species in Guerrero and Southern
Morelos in 1938, as follows: EHT-HMS Nos. 5587 near El Li-
moncito, 15 km. N. Acapulco, June 26; 5588, near Totolapam,
Guerrero, June 6; 5589, 5590 Huajintlan, Morelos (km. 133), July 7.
No. 5587 had partially swallowed a large Sceloporis melanorhinus,
and No. 5588 had eaten a Cnemidophorus sp. which it was made to
disgorge. All the specimens are adult. The ventral-subcaudal
count (in the order given above) is as follows: 189-125, ¢ ; 187-
dee. 190-132, 45 187-137," ¢.-
These counts, together with those given by Smith (loc. cit.), show
a slightly higher average of caudal scales for specimens from Guer-
rero and Morelos as compared with those from Colima and Michoa-
eAn (134-127.5). There is a difference of only one scale in the aver-
age of ventrals.
The total ventral-subeaudal counts show the following small dif-
ferences: The average for Michoacan and Colima specimens is
215.6; the average for Guerrero and Morelos specimens 220.9. The
males and females cannot be separated on the basis of the counts
alone, males sometimes exceeding the female ventral count, and
females equaling the male subcaudal count.
Pituophis deppei depper (Dumeéril and Bibron)
Pituophis deppei deppei Stull, Occ. Papers of the Museum of Zoélogy, Univ. Michigan, No.
250, October 12, 1932, pp. 1-2.
A series of specimens of this common form are in the collection:
EHT-HMS No. 5374, thirty miles west La Rosa, Coahuila; 5373,
15 miles south Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo; 5376, near Alseseca, Puebla;
5377, km. 226, 22 km. north of Tehuacan, Puebla; 5378, 5383, San
Juan, Teotihuac4n, Mexico. 5379, eleven miles east of Aguascali-
entes, Aguascalientes; 5558, near Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon.
Pituophis lineaticollis (Cope)
Arizona lineaticollis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, p. 600 (type descrip-
tion; type locality, ‘‘Mexico’’).
Three specimens of this rare. species are in the collection (EHT-
HMS Nos. 5206, 5407, 15360). All were collected near Tres
464 THE UNIversiITy ScrENCE BULLETIN
Cumbres (Tres Marias) near the summit of the range between
Mexico City and Cuernavaca at an elevation between 9,000-10,000
feet. The first two specimens, both young, have been crushed by
automobiles. The third specimen presents the following characters:
Rostral narrowly visible above; nasal divided; loreal longer than
high; one preocular; two postoculars; upper labials, 9-9, the fourth,
fifth and sixth border orbit (on left side the fourth only and a
large subocular, the latter apparently segmented from the fifth or
sixth labial); 12-12 lower labials, 4-5 touching the first pair of
chinshields which are larger than second pair; latter widely sep-
arated by two or three scale rows (on the left side one is broken in
two) ; only one pair of prefrontals. Scale formula, 35, 27, 27, 25, 21;
ventrals, 238; subcaudals, 65; anal single.
Head light brown above, yellow below; two longitudinal black
lines separated by 31% scale rows, begin on neck and continue back
about one-fifth the length of body; here they break up into paired,
elongated spots which become larger farther back, and unite to
form still larger black spots with brown centers; toward the posterior
part of the body, the spots are smaller, blacker and the centers of
only a few scales of the spots have brown centers; twelve spots on
tail. Anteriorly the venter is immaculate yellow-cream with brown-
ish marks on the ends of ventrals; farther back blackish spots ap-
pear near the middle of the ventrals growing more numerous under
tail.
Lampropeltis ruthvent Blanchard
Lampropeltis ruthveni Blanchard, Occ. Papers, Univ. Michigan, No. 81, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 2
(type description; type locality, Patzcuaro, Michoacin, Mexico) and Bull. 114, U. S. Nat.
Mus., 1921, p. 221, fig. 74.
I obtained an adult specimen of this rare snake (apparently
known heretofore only from type) about 15 km. east of Morelia,
Michoacan, in 19388 (EHT-HMS No. 5511).
The specimen agrees with the type in most details of color and
markings. The head is black as far back as the posterior fifth of
the parietals where the color forms a very broad angle; lower edges
of the lip with occasional yellow flecks; the prefrontal and in-
ternasals with lighter flecks; chin yellow save on anterior labial
sutures; the first black band begins one and one-half scale rows
back of the parietals; there are 25 grayish-white rings encircling
the body, becoming somewhat widened ventrally and yellowish-
white in color. These rings are bordered by black rings which nar-
row, as they cross the ventrals, to the width of one ventral; the
red bands separating the triads are narrowed on the dorsal surface
TAYLOR: SOME Merxican SERPENTS 465
and rarely (two bands in front of anus) have the red bands almost
completely obscured. On the tail there are five triads, separated by
red bands which are equal in width to the black and gray triad.
Ventrals, 190; anal single; subeaudals, 50; scale formula 27-21-
23-23-19-17; nasal divided; upper labial, 7-7, the third and fourth
entering orbit; lower labials, 9-9, four touching the anterior chin-
shields; posterior chinshields somewhat smaller than anterior, sep-
arated from each other by small scales; separated from the first
ventral by about four seales; frontal rather long, longer than its
distance from the end of the snout (7.4 mm. * 5.7 mm.); two
postoculars; one preocular nearly as wide as high (loreal on one
side elongated and entering eye). Rostral visible above for a dis-
tance equal internasal suture; temporals, 1 + 3, 2 + 3.
Total length, 982 mm.; tail, 137 mm.; length of head, 30.5 mm.;
width of head, 19 mm.
EHT-HMS No. 5488, an incomplete skin, obviously of this species,
was collected by Dr. Hobart M. Smith at El Sabino, Uruapan,
Michoacan.
Lampropeltis triagulum nelsoni Blanchard
Lampropeltis triangulum nelsoni Blanchard, Occ. Papers Mus. Zoél., Univ. Michigan, No.
S1, p. 6, fig. 1 (type description; type locality, Acambaro, Guanajuato, Mexico); and Bull.
U. 8. Nat. Mus.; No. 114, 1921, pp. 155-158, fig. 65.
EHT-HMS No. 5253, obtained by Dr. Hobart M. Smith at El
Sabino, Uruapan, ee has a color pattern very similar to
that depicted by the figure given by Blanchard loc. cit. It presents
the following seale characters: Ventrals, 224, subeaudals, 54; scale
formula, 28, 21, 21, 19, 19; one preccular, two postoculars; nasal
apparently divided; temporals, 2+ 3; 7-7 upper labials; lower
labials, 9-9; snout with a whitish band followed by’ a blackish
band; labials with yellow-cream spots; anterior labials flecked with
black, also some black spots on anterior chinshields. The bands
encircle the body; the white (yellowish) bands narrow somewhat
on the sides then widen on belly; red bands are not interrupted be-
low and lack small black spots. There is a total of 18 triads on
body; the tail banded with black and white bands, seven of each,
the black twice as wide as the white. In this form the posterior
chinshields are equally as long as the anterior.
A second specimen belongs to the variety of nelsoni which Blan-
chard believes suggests intergradation with annulatus. In this speci-
men (EHT-HMS, 15868, 15 km. west of Morelia, Michoacan) the
red bands are encroached upon both dorsally and ventrally until the
30—2181
466 Tue UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
red appears as spots on the sides (sometimes the red spots barely
touching medially).
Ventrals, 107; tail with tip missing; 18 triads on body; one on
head; proximal bands on tail show no red; anterior and posterior
chinshields equal; 7-7 upper labials; 9-9 lower labials; 1 pre- and
two postoculars; loreal large; nasal not divided; temporals irregular,
1+ 3, 2 4- 3; preoculars, very large, nearly as long as high.
Lampropeltis triangulum annulata (Kennicott)
Lampropeltis annulata Kennicott, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1860, p. 329 (type
description; type locality, Matamoras (Tamaulipas, Mexico).
A typical specimen of this species was taken at Mamulique Pass,
Nuevo Leon, in June, 19836 (HEHT-HMS No. 5254). Ventrals, 197;
caudals, 51; anal single; scales, 28, 21, 21, 19, 19; nasal distinctly
divided; upper labials, 8-7 (the first apparently abnormally divided
on the right side) ; 10-10 lower labials; labials 4, 5 (8, 4) enter orbit;
preocular narrow, nearly twice as high as long; 18 triads on body
(one on head); six cream bands on tail; the triads are fused pos-
teriorly, only the first two on tail being separated by red; ventrally
the cream bands encircle body but the red bands are interrupted
(save anterior one) on the ventral surface by large black areas
which connect with the black bands. Snout and head black to near
posterior part of the parietals; lower labials largely black; cream
bands with some pigment laterally.
Lampropeltis polyzona polyzona Cope
Lampropeltis polyzona Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 258 (type description;
type locality Quatupe, near Jalapa, Mexico); Blanchard, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 114, 1921,
pp. 139-148, fig. 64.
Two specimens (EHT-HMS Nos. 5252, 5510) were collected by
Mr. Dyfrig McH. Forbes at Potrero Viejo and presented to me. The
first is quite typical and has the neck band encroaching on the parie-
tals and including seventh and part of the sixth labial; this is pre-
ceded by a very narrow semicircular band; remainder of head black
above save for yellowish-cream spots tending to form a band behind
nostrils. Twenty-four triads on body; eight on tail; however, the
last two or three are coalesced, eliminating the red; red bands nearly
as wide as the triads; all scales tipped with black; dorsally the cream
bands between the black bands are about one scale wide; all bands
encircle body, but rarely the cream band is interrupted by a black
spot.
No. 5510. The head markings of this specimen are similar to the
preceding. The light, narrow band across the snout is complete.
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 467
Twenty-three groups of bands (black-yellow-black) on the body,
but only five on the tail, the last two, only, fused to eliminate the
last red band.
Scale data on the two specimens follow: Ventrals, g¢ 222, 9 238;
subeaudals, 62, 57, scale formulae, 25-21-21-19-17, 25-23-23-21-19;
upper labials, 7-7, 7-7; lower labials, 9-9; 10-10; preoculars, 1-2,
1-1; postoculars, 2-2, 2-2; temporals 2-3; 2-3. The larger ( ¢@ )
specimen measures, total length, 1,125 mm.; tail, 155 mm.
Lampropeltis polyzona blanchardi Stuart
(Plate XLIX)
Lampropeltis polyzona blanchardi Stuart, Oce. Papers Mus. Zodl., Univ. Michigan, Nos.
309, March 26, 1935, pp. 1-6 (type description; type locality, Valladolid Trail near Chicken
Itza, Yucatan).
Two specimens of a Lampropeltis collected at El Limoncito, about
15 km. north of Acapulco are referred to this form tentatively. The
specimens show no evidence of mixture with Lampropeltis triangu-
lum nelsoni.
The specimens (EHT-HMS Nos. 5512, 5513) have the following
scale characters respectively: Ventrals, 217, 219; anal single; sub-
caudals, 52, 41; scale formulae, 28-21-21-19-19, 28-21-21-19-19;
upper labials, 7-7, 7-7; labials enter eye, 3 & 4-3 & 4,3 & 4-3 & 4;
lower labials, 9-9, 9-9; labials touch first chinshields, 4-4, 4-4; triads
(2 black bands, one dirty cream) on head, 1-1; on body, 15, 15; on
tail, 4, 4.
The nasal is definitely single without division above or below the
nostril; the second pair of chinshields are one-half or less the length
of the first pair; one-half of the chin and the head to the back part
of the parietals, solid black. The plate shows the detail of markings.
Black red and yellow bands encircle body. Some of the red ventrals
have some darker pigment. The scales of the cream bands have
brownish-black spots, as do all of the red dorsal scales.
Pseudoleptodeira latifasciata (Ginther)
Pseudoleptodeira latifasciata Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938 (1939), pp. 343-
344, pl. XX XI, fig. 4 (made type of genus).
Another specimen of this rare species was obtained at Huajintlan,
Southern Morelos (km. 133). It presents the following character-
istics: Nine bands on body; four on tail; typical red spot on head;
ventrals, 182; subeaudals, 78; anal divided; upper labials, 8-8; lower
labials, 10-10; posterior chinshields a little the longer; five scales be-
tween first ventral and last lower labial; scale formula, 25, 21, 21,
17, 16; two postoculars, two preoculars; temporals, 1 + 2 + 3; pos-
terior maxillary teeth without grooves.
PLATE XLIX
ltis polyzona blanchardi Stuart. EHT-HMS, No. 5512; El Limoncito,
Lam prope
near La Venta, Guerrero, Mexico. About natural SIZe.
TAayYLoR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 469
Hypsiglena torquata torquata (Giinther)
Hypsiglena torquata torquata Taylor, Univ. Kan. Sei. Bull, XXV, 1938 (1939), pp. 371-
373, pl. XXXVI, fig. 3.
Four specimens of this species were acquired from a single locality
near Huajintlin, Morelos (km. 133). All agree with the figure
(Taylor loc. cit.), save that two lack the dark bar bisecting the light
nuchal ring; these two, however, have an elongate black spot on
anterior edge of the nuchal ring; the first large nuchal dark band
is notched anteriorly and is completely separated from the dark
bands on sides of head.
Data from EHT-HMS Nos. 5561, 5562, 5563, 5564, respectively:
sex, 9, ¢, g, 9; ventrals and subcaudals, 170-27,* 159-45, 161-
45, 167-38; upper labials, 7-7, 8-8, 8-8, 7-8; lower labials, 9-9, 10-9,
10-9, 9-9; loreals, all, 1-1; lower labials touch Oeeutae t 4-4, a
5-4, 4-4; preoculars, all, 2-2; postoculars, all, 2-2; temporals, 2
ode eats eas, ea ol Cone
scale formula, 28-21-21-19-17, 25-21-21-19-17, 27-21-21-18-18, 29-
21-21-19-19.
Chinshields are about equal, the second pair usually touching in
front and separated behind.
The penis of No. 5563 is capitate, with a sulcus spermaticus which
does not branch. Spines arranged in about six whorls, about middle
part, all widely interrupted where the suleus spermaticus, bounded
on each side by smooth skin, passes anteriorly; terminal part with
numerous, minute, fringed, pocketlike calyces.
Urotheca elapoides elapoides (Cope)
Pliocercus elapoides Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1860, p. 253 (type descrip-
tion; type locality, Jalapa, Mexico).
Elapochrus deppei Peters, Monatsb. Koénigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, June, 1860, p. 294, pl. —
fig. 2 (type description; type locality ‘‘Mexico’’).
This brilliantly colored snake is represented in the collection by
EHT-HMS Nos. 1580, 5087 Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, Dyfrig McH.
Forbes, collector; Nos. 5255, 1776, Cuautlapa, Veracruz; No. 1421,
Orizaba, E. H. Taylor, collector; Nos. 11642, 11643, Tres Brazos
and Enearnacién, Campeche, respectively, H. M. Smith, collector.
The ventral and subeaudal counts (when tail is complete) for the
specimens, in the order listed, is as follows: yg. 135-?; 9 136-100 =
236; yg. 133-105 = 238; g 131-1038 = 234; g 128-?; 9 135-96 =
231.
In all specimens the scale formula is 21 (about head) 17-17-17
in all, the upper labials are 8-8, save one where seven labials are
* Tip missing.
470 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
present on one side; lower labials are 9-9 the last small, resembling
a body scale; two preoculars, and two postoculars. The loreal is about
as high as long, squarish or rectangular. In the order given the
number of spots on the body and tail (when complete) of the speci-
mens is: 10-8, 15-10, 11-8, 10-?, 14-?, 19-12. The females have the
higher number of spots on body. However, the number of spots on
the male from Campeche equal those of a female from central Vera-
cruz.
Giinther gives the date of publication of H. depper as June 7,
1860; and for elapoides, June 26, 1860. I am unable to verify either
of these dates. If they are correct the name deppe7, given by Peters,
inust take precedence.
Ee Seas
oN
eR gl as
Fic. 7. Tropidodipsas guerreroensis sp. nov. KHT-HMS, No. 5518.
Type. Near Buena Vista, Guerrero, Mexico. 3.
Tropidodipsas guerreroensis sp. nov.
(Plate L; fig. 6)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 5518, collected near Buena Vista, Guer-
rero, June 26, 1938, by E. H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. Black with lighter dorsal bands, breaking up into
flecks and indefinite spots behind. Scales in seventeen rows; upper
labials, 6-6; anterior chinshields much longer than second pair;
loreal elongate, rectangular, not entering eye; lower labials, 6-6;
ventrals 198; subeaudals 65; all scales save two outer rows keeled.
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 47]
Description of type. Adult female; body somewhat compressed ;
head elongate; part of rostral visible above, distinctly less than half
the length of the internasal suture; internasals much wider than
long; the seales distinctly oval on outer margins; prefrontals wider
than long; frontal a little longer than the distance from the tip of
the snout, somewhat shield-shaped; length of parietal reaches from
parietal to middle of internasal; nasal scale constricted near its
middle, but not or only partly segmented, the posterior part with a
strong depression posterior to the nostril; loreal nearly rectangular,
one and a half times as long as high, not entering eye; two pre-
oculars; two postoculars; supraoculars much wider posteriorly than
anteriorly; temporals 1 + 1+ 2, the last two large, extending more
than half their length behind last labial; upper labials, 6-6, the
first strongly notching the nasal, third and fourth entering orbit;
having the following ascending order of size: 1, 2, 4, 3, 6, 5;
anterior chinshields much longer than second pair; latter very short
and broad, in contact, separated from first ventral by a pair of
scales; one scale between first ventral and last lower labial; latter
6-6, four touching anterior chinshields; diameter of the eye equal
to distance of eye to nostril; scales keeled save on the two outer
rows; scale formula 19 (about head)-17-17-17; ventrals, 198; sub-
caudals, 65; anal single; total length, 508; tail, 103; length of head,
17; width of head, 8.
Color. Above deep purplish-black, anteriorly with narrow hghter
bands which posteriorly become broken up into irregular flecks and
spots; head black with a few minute whitish flecks. Chin, cream
with a very heavy pigmentation, the color pushing up across back of
jaw forming two rounded spots on sides of nape, separated medially ;
first broad, black band 11 scales long, medially, is very narrowly
interrupted on ventral surface of neck; other dark bands reaching
onto edge of ventrals; coloration of venter creamy-white, anteriorly,
finely peppered with pigment, then with pigment intermingled with
distinct small spots, increasing in number to tail; tail purplish below
with some cream marking.
Remarks. This species appears to be most closely related to
T. fasciatus, having seventeen scale rows, and an elongate loreal.
It differs in a longer, narrower head, six upper and six lower labials,
the two outer scale rows unkeeled, and apparently a higher ventral
count: from the other recognized species, it differs as follows: from
phiippi Jan and occidentala Oliver it differs in having 17 instead of
15 seale rows, and a different coloration; from sartorii Cope and
+72
Tue University SciIeENCE BULLETIN
PLATE L
Tropidodipsas guerreroensis sp. nov. KHT-HMS,
No. 5518. Type. Near Buena Vista, Guerrero, Mex-
ico. About natural size.
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 473
from fischeri Boulengeri the loreal is separated from the eve, the
head longer, the details of color and markings different.
The specimen was found crossing a road early in the morning.
It had been injured, presumably by a passing car.
Sibon nebulatus (Linné)
Coluber nebulatus Linné, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 222 (No. 265).
299
Seer esate! tise Buranten, (yeeis20) ee 194- Seimitde Wield Mus. Nat
Hist. Zool. Ser., XX, No. 18, October 31, 1936, p. 174.
On the assumption that Coluber sitbon Linné (Syst. Nat., I, 1758,
p. 222, No. 264) is a synonym of Coluber nebulatus, the name sibon
has been chosen to replace nebulatus. I believe there is serious
doubt that the two are synonyms and, that the name sibon should
apply to an American snake. Linné regarded the species African,
the name sibon being presumably a Hottentot name for an African
species according to Seba (Vol. I, p. 22).
According to Daudin (Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, Vol. VI,
year XI, p. 435) “Linnaeus a décrit cette couleuvre d’aprés nature;
il en a observé un individu garni en dessous de cent-quatre-vingt
erandes plaques, et de quatre-vinet-cing double plaques. Selon lu,
la couleuvre sibon est d’un ferrugineux parsemé de blane en dessus,
et le dessous est blane avee des taches brunes; de plus la couleur
de la téte est blanche.”
The type of Coluber nebulatus is extant (see Anderson Catalogue
of Linnean Type-specimens of Snakes). Bihang till k. Svenska Vet.-
Akad. Hand. Band 24, Afd. IV, 1899, p. 19.
A single specimen (EHT-HMS No. 5516) was collected near Palo
Gordo (km. 386), Guerrero. The specimen is marked above with
numerous, irregular, transverse black or brown markings which may
extend entirely across the body or, more frequently, are broken into
two or three parts. The edges of the spots are very irregular; be-
tween the spots the greund color is whitish, flecked or reticulated
heavily with very tiny brown flecks. However, some of the scales
may be pure white along the edges of the larger spots. The nuchal
dark spot shows an inverted V-shaped series of white dots border-
ing it anteriorly; there is an occipital blackish spot with varied dark
marking on the remainder of head; a dark line from eye to jaw
angle; upper labials whitish some with more pigment than others;
chin and lower surfaces white with a series of more or less alternat-
ing quadrangular black spots, on the sides of the venter and numer-
ous small black flecks seattered between them; chin and throat,
lightest; the under surface of tail darkest.
474 THe Untversirty ScrENcCE BULLETIN
Loreal large, rectangular, entering eye; nasal apparently com-
pletely divided; prefrontal enters orbit equally with loreal; no pre-
oculars; three postoculars; temporals, one + two; seven upper
labials, the fourth and fifth enter orbit; eight lower labials; parietal
a little longer than wide (5.3 mm. + 6.2 mm.) their length not reach-
ing prefrontals; frontal length equal to distance of frontal from the
tip of snout; rostral visible above as a very narrow line, not reach-
ing as high as dorsal surface; diameter of eye as large as its distance
from nostril; pupil vertical; 13 maxillary teeth increasing slightly
in size posteriorly. 185 ventrals; 89 subcaudals; anal single. Scale
formula, 19-15-15-15, the median dorsal row enlarged.
The hemipenis is provided proximally with numerous large hooks;
while the distal two-thirds of the organ is caliculate. The tortuous
sulcus spermaticus is forked for a short distance near distal end.
The species has been reported from Atoyac, Guerrero by Boulenger
(Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., 2d Ed. 1896, p. 644).
Trimorphodon tau Cope
(Plate LI; fig. 8)
Trimorphodon tau Cope, Proce. Amer. Philos, Soc., 9, 1869, p. 152; type locality, Isthmus
of Tehuantepec, México. Taylor, Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull., XXV, No. 16, 1938 (1939), pp.
366-367.
Collecting in the neighborhood of the village of San Felipe, near
the city of Oaxaca, I obtained a specimen of Trimorphodon tau Cope
(EHT-HMS 5507) from under a small rock on an open pastured
hillside, August 19, 1938; three days later a second specimen (EHT-
HMs, No. 5506) was obtained on the hills west and somewhat north
of the city of Oaxaca from under a rock on a similar open hillside.
The two specimens are adults, one male and one female, and both
differ in coloration from the very young type, as well as in certain
details of squamation. These appear to be the only adult specimens
known.
Description of Trimorphodon tau Cope (EHT-HMS 5506). Head
rather small, somewhat differentiated from neck; body strongly com-
pressed; rostral broader than high, bent back over snout, the portion
visible above wider than internasals, almost double the length of the
internasal suture; internasals distinctly broader than long (not “‘as
broad as long’); prefrontals quadrangular, about as long as broad;
anterior border of frontal transverse, the sides curving back to the
posterior point (sides not with ‘‘straight lateral margins”), longer
than its distance from tip of snout, only minutely shorter than
parietals; latter relatively short, their length equal to their distance
ee
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 475
from internasals; supraoculars strongly widened posteriorly; nasal
completely divided, the nostril an elongate diagonal slit; the two
scales together form a rectangle; anterior loreal much higher than
nasal with a long entrant angle between prefrontals and internasals;
second loreal lower than first, touching two labials on one side, one
on the other (in No. 5507 this scale has a small part segmented
above, and the upper part of the third labial is segmented, making
two extra loreal scales; the type has three loreals) ; three preoculars ;
the upper largest and separated from the frontal; three postoculars ;
Woes
A :
CSAS
rats
ee
pon as So eer
Fig. 8. Trimorphodon tau Cope. EHT-HMS, No. 5506; near Oaxaca,
Oaxaca, Mexico.
temporals, 2 + 3 + 4, -—2-+ 3+ 5; eight upper labials, but the pos-
terior labials are irregularly divided into two, and on the other side
in three parts, the lower part alone touching the labial border. Ten
to eleven lower labials, the posterior lower labials largely concealed
and lie partly horizontally ; two pairs of chinshields, the anterior pair
much the larger, in contact with four labials; second pair of chin-
shields separated by two scales (in a line), and separated from the
first ventral by about four scales; seven scale rows between first ven-
tral and last lower labial; mental narrower than rostral with a
narrow elongate posterior extension. Scales smooth, in slightly di-
agonal, transverse rows, the median row not or but slightly enlarged,
the two outer rows largest; scale formula: 34, 22, 21, 18, 14; (in
476 Tue University SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE LI
Trimorphodon tau Cope. EHT-HMS, No. 5506; near Oaxaca,
Oaxaca. Mexico. About natural size.
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS AT7
5507: 34, 23, 23, 20, 16). Most of the scales bear paired apical pits
(head seales pitted, pits scattered save that those on frontal are in a
lateral row on each side). Ventrals 206, subcaudals 70, total 276;
(in the female, No. 5507), ventrals 220, subcaudals 57, total 276;
measurements of 5506 and 5507, respectively, in mm.: total length,
537, 580; tail, 103, 84; head length, 16, 19; head width, 9, 13.
Color in life. Grayish-brown to faun above with a series of
twenty-three rhomboidal, dark-brown spots on body and ten on tail,
edged with black and bordered narrowly by gray-cream; the dark
spots are five or six scale rows wide medially, narrowed to a width of
two seales laterally, usually extending on ventrals; chin white;
throat dirty ivory, washed slightly with salmon and becoming more
salmon posteriorly: on sides of body some trace of salmon evident,
on sides of venter the ends of rhombs are alternated with smaller
black spots; the head has a broad spot curving anteriorly, notched
behind, crossing anterior part of parietals and posterior part of
frontal; above eyes, two forward-extending projections enclose a
curved gray bar between eyes which has an anterior extension reach-
ing more or less clearly to rostral; side of head gray-faun; first dark
band begins about three scales behind the parietals and includes
eleven scale rows on median line; it has a small longitudinal median
light spot. The central portion of the rhombs are much lighter,
nearly grayish in the middle (solid black in young type).
The second specimen has the dorsal spots somewhat lighter, there
being twenty-six on body, and nine on tail; the mark between eyes is
discernible, but the anterior projection is lacking. (In neither speci-
men is it as distinct as in type.)
Variation. Most of the variations have been mentioned. No. 5507
has the lower labials 12, 12, the upper labials 8-8. In this the seventh
labial is segmented on the left side and only the lower segment
touches labial border. It appears probable that the condition of
six labials in the type is anomalous and apparently Cope suspected
that the condition is anomalous. Further specimens from western
Tehuantepec will be necessary to settle the problem.
Trimorphodon bi-scutatus (Duméril and Bibron)
Trimorphodon bi-scutatus Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938 (1939), pp. 358-360,
JL ROO shee al
One specimen obtained near Huajintlan, in southern Morelos (km.
133), shows a pattern similar to that on the specimen figured (loc.
cit.). There are fifteen large blotches on the body and six on the
tail; ventrals, 265; subecaudals, 82, total, 347; scale formula, 39-
{7s THe UnNtversity Scrence BULLETIN
PLATE LII
Trimorphodon latifascia Peters. EHT-HMS, No. 5533;
/ J
Cc
2
dy
between Cuernavaca and Tepoztlin, Morelos, Mexico.
About natural size.
TayLorR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 479
(about head) -25-25-19-19; three pre- and three postoculars; three
loreals; upper labials, 9-9; lower labials, 15-13.
Trimorphodon latifascia (Peters)
(Plate LIL)
Trimorphodon latifascia Taylor, Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull. XXV, 1938 (1939), pp. 364-365,
jolly DOOOYUS ie, 27.
Several specimens of this rare snake were collected by me in 1938.
Four specimens were taken on a newly paved road between Cuer-
navaca and Tepoztlan, Morelos (KEHT-HMS Nos. 5533, 5534, 59535,
5538) ; five specimens were collected near Huajintlan, Morelos, at or
near km. 133. (EHT-HMS Nos. 5536, 5537, 5539, 5540, 5541.)
The young specimen described by Taylor (loc. cit.) had the ground
color red. The red color appears to be a juvenile characteristic, since
adult specimens from the same and other localities show no trace of
the red. The black bands of the young tend to become brown in the
adult.
The general color of the body in this series of specimens is gray to
faun. The darker bands have black edges and the centers are gray-
brown, the seales darker on the edges. Many of the spots are sev-
ered by a transverse line of faun. The dark bands are usually inter-
rupted medially on the venter, on the anterior part of body, but are
more or less complete posteriorly.
Scale data on Trimorphodon latifascia (Peters)
Number 5533 5B 5535 5536 5537 5538 5539 5540 5541
Sex } Q ) ¢ 3 2 5 }$ S$
Loreals 3-3 333 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3
Upper
labials S-8 8-9 9-9 a 9-9 9-9 8-9 8-8 9-9
Lower
labials 12-12 13-13 13-12 12—12 12-13 13-13 12-13 12-13 13-12
Preoculars 35 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3
Postoculars 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3
Preocular
touches
frontal yes no ves ves yes no yes ves yes
Ventrals 212 221 212 Zio 219 216 224 209 220
Subeaudals 74 46* 73 69 76 67 68 78 76
Total
scales 286 267* 285 282 295 283 292 287 296
Second
chinshields
separated yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
Spots on
body 13 15 15 13 15 15 15 13 13
Spots on
tail 7 Bk a i 6 5 il 6 6
Scale counts of the series in the above order: 35, 23, 23, 28, 17, 15; 35, 23, 23, 23,
19, 16; 34, 25, 23, 23, 19, 14; 38, 22, 23, 23, 19, 15; 35, 21, 22, 23, 17, 15; 36, 21
23, 28, 17, 16; 34, 22, 23, 23 17, 16; 33, 21, 23, 23, 17, 14: 34, 25, 28, 23, 17, 15.
* Tail incomplete.
480 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Leptodeira septentrionalis (Kennicott)
Leptodeira septentrionalis Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sei. Bull, XXV, 1938 (1939), pp. 329-331,
pli SOXXT, fie. 3s text figs 4:
Three specimens were taken in 19388. These are EHT-HMS No.
16146, from 20 km. south of Zacualtipan, Hidalgo, August 9, 1938;
elevation about 2,300 meters; Radclyffe Roberts collector. No.
16147, about five km. northwest of Tianguistengo, Hidalgo, August
11, 1938, elevation about 1,700 meters, Taylor collector. No. 16148,
10 km. south of Linares, Neuvo Leon, September 13, 1938, Taylor
collector. These specimens, in the order given, present the following
data; sex or age, 2, yg., ¢ ; ventrals and subcaudals, 199-81, 200-
83, 192-75; anal, divided in all; spots on body and tail 29-17, 31-19,
22-10; preoculars, 3-3 in all; postoculars, 2-2 in all; temporals,
14+2-+3 all; upper labials, 8-8, all; lower labials, 10-10, 10-10, 9-9;
the upper preocular broadly touches the frontal; scale formula, 26-
21-23-23-17, 27-21-23-23-17, 28-21-23-23-16.
Number 16148 differs markedly from the other two. It is a full-
grown specimen, with the large tranverse black bars, reaching to
outer scale row; the alternating bands are dull pinkish, one and one-
half to two and one-half scales wide in middorsal line, and one-half
to two seales wider at the outer scale row. This type of coloration
is more typical of the northern, lowland forms. The dark bars on
the young specimen are narrower than the intervening pinkish areas
which expand to a width of five scales on the side; the dark bars
reach the second scale row on sides, as is true of No. 16146. All have
the pigment on outer edges of ventrals with the entire underside of
tail more heavily pigmented.
Leptodeira splendida Ginther
Leptodeira splendida Taylor, Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull., 1988 (1939), pp. 320-321, pl XXX,
fig. 2, text fig. 1.
A specimen of this species (KHT-HMS No. 5590) was captured
under a stone near km. 170 on highway south from México, D. F.
The markings are typical with 24 spots on body and 17 on tail;
preoculars, 4-3; postoculars, 2-2; upper labials, 8-8; lower labials,
10-10; two pairs of chinshields of near equal length; temporals,
1 + 2; scale formuia, 27-21-21-19-17; ventrals, 166; subcaudals, 88;
anal divided. The specimen is a young male with scales on posterior
part of body keeled.
TAYLOR: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 481
Tantilla bocourti (Ginther)
Tantilla bocourti Taylor, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 39, 1936, pp. 336-337, fig. 1; Taylor
& Smith, Univ. Kan. Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938, (1939), p. 254.
The type locality of this species is “Guanajuato,” (city or state?).
The types are males, having 172, 176 ventrals; 55, 55 subcaudals.
A series of specimens from Western Mexico were collected by me
on a hillside between Zitacuaro and the Rio Tuxpan in Eastern Mi-
choacdn. These specimens are EHT-HMS Nos. 15898-15908, and
respectively have the following ventral-subcaudal counts: 9 , 186-
58239; 9, 185-49—234; 9 , 180-57=2387; ¢ , 181-50=—231; 9,
179-52=231; 9, 186-50—236; 3g, 170-58=228; ¢g , 175-60=235,
S , 165-54=219; 9, 185-46=231; 3g, 166-58=224. The average
of the totals for females is 234.2; for males 226.5. The maximum
number of ventrals for the species is 186; the minimum being 165, a
difference of 21 scales. This is indicative of a very wide sexual
variation, the variation within each sex being only eight in females
and ten in males. This lot shows almost the maximum-minimum
variation of the species. I have one male with 163 ventrals from
Cuernavaca, Morelos, and a specimen has been recently reported
from Distrito Federal with 195 ventrals. This latter may represent
a race of this species. It should be reéxamined.*
The following specimens from more Eastern localities have been
collected; EHT-HMS Nos. 15918, 15914 from near Cocoloapam,
about 22 km. northwest of Tehuacan, Puebla.
These specimens, in the order given above, have the following scale
counts: ¢, 176-52=228; g , 176-48=224.
No. 5239, reported in Taylor and Smith, loc. cit., from Cuernavaca
has a prominent light spot on the anterior part of each parietal. A
pair of spots on the suture between the parietals. The light collar
is somewhat curving and the frontal is proportionally wider. No.
14431 is the largest specimen seen; it measures total length, 396
mm.; tail, 62 mm.
A large female specimen, No. 15915, is doubtfully referred to this
species. It is from an unknown locality and differs in having the
last two labials very high, the temporals 1+ 1-1, the last very
large; there is a tendency for the nuchal collar to be interrupted
medially. Ventrals 183; tail broken.
The lot of specimens (Nos. 15898-15908) from between Zitacuaro
and the Rio Tuxpan, are rather constant in general characters. All
are more or less dusky brown with a black or black-brown head.
*Dunn, Amer. Mus. Nov. No. 314, May 16, 1928, pp. 2, 3.
31—2181
482 THe UNIversITy ScreENcE BULLETIN
Three of the specimens show the unusual condition of having the last
upper labial (the seventh) in contact with the parietal on one side
or the other. In one specimen two labials touch the parietal on
one side, and here there is no anterior temporal present. One of two
specimens taken four miles east of lake Patzcuaro, has the last labial
touching the parietal on one side; the other specimen has the long
anterior temporal segmented on one side into two scales.
Certain of the specimens have a decided reddish-brown coloration,
which in two cases was associated with specimens with the presumed
anomalous relationship between labial and parietal.
Fic. 9. Tantilla rubra Cope. EHT-HMS, No. 5241; 22km.
N. W. Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico. 4.
Tantilla rubra Cope
Tantilla rubra Taylor and Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXV, 1938 (1939), pp. 253-254.
Two specimens were taken by me at km. 226, 22 km. northwest
of Tehuacdin, near Cocoloapam, Puebla. Both were bright pink
above and below; the ring about neck, white; head black, the chin
black and white. The pinkish color has disappeared in alcohol and
the dorsal coloration is flesh tan; only a part of the scales show
traces of pits.
Data from Nos. 15912, 15911, respectively: Ventrals and sub-
caudals, 162-65 g ; 160-64 ¢ ; upper labials, 7-7, 7-7; lower labials,
6-6, 6-6; order of size in upper labials, 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6, 7, in both,
TayLtor: Some Mexican SERPENTS 483
Tantilla martindelcampot Taylor
Tantilla martindelcampoi Taylor, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 39, 1936, pp. 347-348, fig. 6
(type description; type locality, El Treinte, Guerrero).
One specimen was taken in 1938 (EHT-HMS No. 15916) at El
Limoncito, near Acapulco, Guerrero. Ventrals, 115; subcaudals, 38.
It agrees in practically all other characters with the type.
Tantilla calamarina Cope
Tantilla calamarina Taylor, *Trans. Kansas Acad, Sci. 39, 1936, pp. 3846-347, fig. 5.
In 1938 I collected three specimens of this species in an old lava
flow between Cuernavaca and Tepoztlan (EHT-HMS Nos. 15941,
16256, 16257). The following variation from the figure 5 (Taylor
loc. cit.), is evident.
No. 15941, ¢. The anterior angle of frontal is more obtuse; the
posterior chinshields are a little longer; lower labials, 6-6; parietals
longer than their distance to the end of the snout; the second labial
touches the prefrontal and the fifth is in contact with the parietal;
ventrals, 120; subcaudals, 38. No. 16256, ¢. The second labial
enters the orbit minutely; the front edge of frontal nearly straight;
130 ventrals, 28 subeaudals. No. 16257, 9. This agrees save that
the fifth labial is minutely separated from the parietal, permitting
the first temporal to touch the postocular. Ventrals, 130; sub-
caudals, 29.
Micrurus nuchalis Schmidt
Micrurus nuchalis Schmidt, Zoél. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX, 1933, pp. 35-36
(type description; type locality Tapanatepee Oaxaca, Mexico. MCZ No. 27830).
A specimen of this rare snake, EHT-HMS No. 5085, which I col-
lected in the edge of Acapulco, Guerrero, was sent to Dr. Karl P.
Schmidt for identification. He comments that it is far northwest
of the known range in Oaxaca.
The following characters obtain: Upper labials, 7-7; lower labials,
7-7, last small; preocular broadly in contact with the posterior nasal;
one preocular, two postoculars; temporals, 1 + 1+ 1; ventrals, 220;
anal divided; subcaudals, 55, all but third divided.
Snout black followed by a neck spot with a yellow band between;
ten bands of black, edged with yellow, on body; four on tail, which
are very much longer than those on body. Body bands about two
to two and one-half scales wide bordered by yellow covering one
scale row; the bands may break on outer scale row. Intervening
_* A line was dropped from the first paragraph on page 347. Read: ‘Second pair of chin-
shields one-half or less of first pair; part of rostral visible above equal to between one-half
and one-third of the distance between frontal and end of snout.’
454 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
red areas are 17-23 scale lengths long, each scale flecked with brown-
ish-black at its apex. Black bands on tail cover about twelve scale
rows.
The specimen is male with the lateral scales above anus keeled
or tubercled.
Micrurus laticollaris (Peters)
Micrurus laticollaris Schmidt, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zodl. Ser., 20, p. 39, 1933, and 1936,
p. 215-216, fig. 27.
The first specimen of this rare snake acquired (EHT-HMS No.
4578, Taylor, 1932) was from under a loose ledge of rock pried
from a tiny cliff at Mexcala, Guerrero. The snake was coiled when
it fell, but immediately became surprisingly active. Schmidt has
published a figure of this specimen (1936, p. 216).
Two other specimens were acquired by Dr. Hobart M. Smith at
El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan in 1986 (KHT-HMS 5083, and
5084). In color pattern they are very similar, but the black flecks
on the red areas are not all equal, some forming small blotches
covering two or three scales. These are very irregular and do not
form rings of spots; posteriorly the spots are absent and the flecks
are evenly distributed. There are eight black triads (three black
bands separated by two yellow bands) separated by red areas in the
first of the two; nine triads in the second specimen. In each the
last triad extends onto the tail. On tail there is one caudal triad.
In the armature of the head only one significant difference obtains.
In the Michoacan specimens the third labial contacts the eye, pre-
frontal, and the posterior segment of the nasal, separating the nasal
and preocular; in the Guerrero specimen the preocular touches the
posterior nasal and separates the third labial from the prefrontal.
The upper labials are 7-7; lower labials, 7-7; one preocular and two
postoculars; temporals, 1+ 2-+ 2; four labials touching anterior
chinshields which equal second pair in length; frontal small, narrow,
scarcely as long as its distance from tip of snout. These characters
apply to all three specimens. The ventral-subcaudal counts are No.
5083, 9 , 224-14 + = ?; No. 5084, 9 , 225-42 — 267; No. 4578, 9,
246235: 25k.
Micrurus fitzingert (Jan)
Klaps Fitzingeri Jan, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1858-1859 (1858), p. 521, type description; type
locality, ‘“Mexico’’; & idem (1859), p. 10, pl. A; fig.
A specimen which I collected 18 km. north of Valles, San Luis
Potosi (EHT-HMS No. 5515) is referred to this form with some
TayLor: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 485
hesitation, since the color pattern, while agreeing with the type
description in general, differs in certain detail of the color pattern.
The color in life was as follows: Anterior black spot on head covers
snout, tip of chin and the anterior labial, and extends dorsally to
and includes the anterior two-fifths of the parietals; the yellow
band following this widens on the side and includes most of the
anterior temporal and most of the fifth labial. First black band
encircles back part of head and neck, and connects dimly below
with the black on tip of the chin. Counting this band, there are
eighteen black bands covering about six scales above and four to
five ventrals below; dorsally the bands are edged with continuous
or disconnected yellow dots covering one scale or less; the interven-
ing red bands bear dark flecks varying in size on the apices of the
scales; ventrally the red areas may have dark flecks which may be
confined largely to the outer edges of the ventrals. Tail with five
wide black bands separated by narrow yellow bands (2 scales wide).
The frontal width and length, 2.2 mm. * 3.3 mm. The parietal
length is 5.2 mm; the width of the preocular is 2 mm. The pre-
ocular touches the posterior nasal; temporals, 1 + 1-+ 2; anterior
chinshields shorter than the posterior. Ventrals, 207; anal divided;
subcaudals double (save third), 43.
Micrurus affinis affinis (Jan)
Micrurus affinis affinis Schmidt, Zodl. Ser., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., XX, 1933, p. 36.
There are two specimens (EHT-HMS Nos. 4577-5086) identified
by Mr. Karl P. Schmidt as belonging to this species. They agree in
the following characters. Upper and lower labials, 7-7; one pre-
ocular touching nasal; two postoculars; posterior chinshields longer
than anterior. The scale formulae are, 19-15-15-15; 21-15-15-15;
ventrals and subcaudals, g 202-45-247; 9 224-36-260. In No.
4577, the spot of black covers the snout and anterior part of the
lower labials; the yellow band following is narrow and runs forward
on the sides of head reaching the second labial. The nuchal band is
about five scales wide, and does not encircle the throat. There are
ten very narrow, black bands on the body; five broad bands on the
tail. Below, the body bands are about as wide as one ventral. In
5086 ¢@ , the nuchal band encircles the neck. There are twelve black
bands, about the width of two ventrals, encircling body; four black
bands on tail, 6 or 8 scales wide.
The former specimen is from Cordova, Veracruz; the latter from
Cuautlapa, near Orizaba, Veracruz.
486 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Agkistrodon bilineatus Ginther
Ancistrodon bilineatus Giinther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d ser. XII, 1863, p. 364
(type description; type locality, Pacific Coast of Guatemala).
This species is represented in the collection by two specimens;
EHT-HMS Nos. 5357 from El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan (head
only); No. 5514 from km. 833 between Villagran, Tamaulipas and
Linares, Nuevo Leon, presumably in the latter state. It was en-
countered June 9, 1938, crawling on the highway pavement about
dark.
The color in life was as follows: Head grayish-black above, more
grayish on the sides of head and chin; a yellowish-white line from
tip of snout along the canthus rostralis to angle of the Jaw, where
it joins a line originating on the anterior nasal which runs across the
labials and across angle of the jaw; below the white line on labials,
the lip is edged with amber-orange; a vertical stripe on rostral
which is white with amber-orange center; this connects, when mouth
is closed, with a stripe extending back from mental to the posterior
chinshields and then bifureates, the lines continuing back to first
widened ventral. The lines are here joined by another white line;
two amber-orange lines extend from sixth lower labial diagonally —
to the bifureating lines.
Body generally lavender gray, traversed by lighter gray, irregular,
saddle-like blotches, with interrupted amber-orange borders, which
join and form a large amber-orange spot low on side; intervening
areas may be divided by a very dim medial band, which joins a
black, light-edged spot on the ventrals. Belly generally dark with
amber-orange spots and reticulations. Tail yellow-green.
This specimen presents the following scale data: scale formula,
37, 28, 23, 21, 19; ventrals, 1384 (last one fused with half of the
divided anal); subcaudals, 35 single + 2 divided, + 3 single + 12
divided = 52. Tail terminates with three greatly thickened scales
(abnormal?).
Compared with a No. 5357, the head scales differ as follows:
frontal entire (broken into five parts, four anterior symmetrical) ;
prefrontals in contact (separated by an elongate scale); rostral
wide at the top (narrowed at top). In both specimens there are
three preoculars; two postoculars, and one subocular; scale border-
ing pit below, elongate. Temporals, 6-5-4 (5-6-5). In both speci-
mens there is a tendency for the parietals to be segmented irregularly
or partially segmented.
TayLor: SOME MEXICAN SERPENTS 487
ADDENDA
Correction. In certain previous papers, errors have occurred and
I take this opportunity of calling attention to them.
Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXIV, No. 20, 1936 (1938), p. 529. Read
Kinonsternon integrum Leconte, for Kinosternon hirtipes Wagler.
Mr. Hartweg correctly identified the specimens. The use of hirtipes
was wholly due to my error.
Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXIV, No. 19, 1936 (19388), p. 492.
Delete the synonym Salvadora grahamiae from Salvadora gra-
hamiae hexalepis Cope.
Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. XXV, 1938 (1939), p. 331. For “Dunn
(1936) has proposed the placing of Leptodeira septentrionalis as a
subspecies of L. maculata, and suggests that L. maculata replaces the
form off the plateau.” Read ‘Dunn (1936) has proposed the plac-
ing of Leptodeira maculata as a subspecies of L. septentrionalis; he
suggests that L. maculata replaces septentrionalis off the plateau.”
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
SCIENCE BULLETIN
Vou. XXVI] OcToBER 1, 1939 | No. 15
Herpetological Miscellany No. I
EDWARD H. TAYLOR
Apstract: The paper treats of herpetological novelties from Mexico, Central
and South America; the following new species are included: Bufo gemmifer,
La Venta, Guerrero, Mexico; Bufo mazatlanensis, Mazatlan, Sinoloa, Mexico;
Tomodactylus angustidigitorum, Quiroga, Michoacan, Mexico; Tomodactylus
macrotympanum, Jacala, Hidalgo, Mexico; Microbatrachylus gen. nov. (type
species Hleutherodactylus hobartsmithi (Taylor) ; Microbatrachylus albolabris,
Cérdoba, Veracruz, Mexico; Microbatrachylus oaxacae, Cerro San Felipe, near
Oaxaca, Oaxaca; Microbatrachylus minimus, Agua del Obispo, Guerrero, Mex-
ico; Hyla melanomma, 7 mi. east of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico; Hyla
forbes: Acultzingo, Veracruz, Mexico; Hypopachus ovis, Tepic, Nayarit, Mex-
ico; Hypopachus maculatus, San Ricardo, Chiapas; Hypopachus caprimimus,
Agua del Obispo, Guerrero, Mexico; Hypopachus alboventer, 8 miles east of
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Hypopachus cuneus nigroreticulatus, Encarna-
cidn, Campeche, Mexico; Leptotyphlops magnamaculata, Utilla Island, Hon-
duras; Leptotyphlops rufidorsum, Lima, Peru; Leptotyphlops nasalis, Managua,
Nicaragua; Leptotyphlops ater, Managua, Nicaragua; Phyllodactylus muralis,
Totolapam, Oaxaca, Mexico; Phyllodactylus magnatuberculatus, Acapulco,
Guerrero, Mexico. Several other rare forms are discussed. Most of the new
forms are illustrated.
HE following paper is based upon material that has been accu-
mulating in the EHT-HMS collection for several years, but
descriptions were held back in some cases in order to obtain more
adequate series of specimens. It was originally intended to treat of
certain of the genera monographically and in separate papers; but
to do this would have delayed publication of the new forms for some
time. Four of the species are described from specimens in the U. 8.
National Museum collection.
The excellent drawings are by Walter Yost, of the University of
Kansas; the photographs by Dr. Oren Bingham, University of Kan-
sas photographer.
(489)
490 THe UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Bufo gemmifer sp. nov.
(Plate LIII; figs. 3, 3a, 3b)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 18509; El Limoncito, near La Venta, Guer-
rero; June 29, 1938; E. H. Taylor collector.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 18497-18508; topotypes, same date
and collector.
Diagnosis. A large toad with strongly developed preorbital, supra-
orbital, postorbital and supratympanic crests; a canthal crest more
or less developed; supraorbital crests forming continuous curves
which diverge strongly; interorbital width much greater than width
of an eyelid; only a faint suggestion of parietal crests; parotoid
gland much smaller than eyelid; heel reaches to parotoid or slightly
behind; snout sharply truncate; subarticular tubercles of hand
usually bifid; these and supernumerary tubercles highly elevated,
sharply conical; vocal sac usually with a single opening which may
be sinistral or dextral (rarely double).
Description of the type. Adult male. Head broader than long,
with a high, narrow, curving supraorbital crest which is continuous
with the supratympanic crests, and together form a sigmoid curve;
supratympanic crest forms a shelf which extends out above the tym-
panum, partially concealing the tympanum when seen from above;
only a vague trace of parietal crests; very distinct post- and pre-
orbital crests; canthal crests less clearly defined, extending to above
nostrils; snout truncate, sloping sharply to the rather pointed tip of
upper jaw; loreal region rather concave, the lores sloping rather
sharply; tympanum subcircular, its greatest diameter (6.1 mm.)
greater than half the diameter of the eye (9.7 mm.) ; tympanum sep-
arated from the postorbital crest by an appreciable distance; an in-
distinct, irregular crest, beginning below middle of eye, continues to
below tympanum; width of an eyelid (7 mm.) less than narrowest
width between the crests (9 mm.); supraorbital crests diverge
strongly; width between the supratympanic crests (27 mm.) some-
what less than greatest width of the head (32.5 mm.) ; parotoid gland
small, oval to subtriangular, lying somewhat diagonally behind the
end of the supratympanic crest.
Tongue elongate, rounded and widened posteriorly, narrowed in
front, free for little more than one-third of its length; choanae small,
narrow, transverse, with a prominent transverse ridge behind each;
opening of vocal sae dextral.
First finger larger and longer than second; two large palmar tu-
bercles; distal subarticular tubercles of outer three fingers double or
TayLtor: HerrrrotocicAL MIsceELLANY 491
bifid; strong conical tubercles on palm and sides of digits; inner sur-
faces of first finger with nuptial asperities which are present also on
second and third. Foot more than a third webbed, the edges of the
digits with a distinct serrate fringe; subarticular tubercles not
strongly differentiated from other tubercles on digits and soles; inner
metatarsal tubercle oval moderately salient larger than outer; a
rather conspicuous irregular row of tubercles in place of a tarsal fold.
Skin strongly tubercular, with two rather prominent rows on back
joining anteriorly just back of the parietal region; tubercles on sides
a little larger than most of the tubercles on the back; tubercles coni-
cal, studded with one large and several small, horny spines (in fe-
males the tubercles usually have a single, rounded, horny tip) ;
tubercles low, indistinct on dorsal surface of hand and foot; two or
three enlarged tubercles behind angle of the mouth; two pairs of
tubercles above the anus.
Color. A very indistinct median stripe and a very indistinct, di-
agonal, lateral stripe; head nearly uniform olive-gray, the crests
dark black-brown; arms and legs irregularly barred or marbled with
dark olive or blackish; posterior sides of femur reticulated with
darker color; below dirty white (the pigment scattered between the
tubercles) ; tympanum blue-black; under surface of hands and feet
darker than venter; an inverted V-shaped black mark terminates
the dim median light stripe anteriorly; lip cream, with horny tu-
bercles and a rim of dark horn at edge.
Measurements. (Type and largest female; measurements in mm.) ;
snout to vent, 90, 99.5; length of snout, 10, 9; length of eye, 9.7, 10.8;
diameter of tympanum, 6.1, 6.7; length of parotoid, 8.3, 11; distance
between supratympanic crests, 27, 30; arm, 52, 56.5; leg, 99, 107;
tibia, 31.5, 36; foot, 45, 48.
Variation. The opening of the vocal sac varies. In five speci-
mens the opening is sinistral, in four dextral, and in two, there was
an opening on each side; in most of the specimens the tympanum
was well separated from the crests; certain specimens have the limbs
more conspicuously barred, and the median and lateral stripes con-
trast more with the general coloration; in others these stripes are
almost entirely obsolete. Usually the subarticular tubercles of hand
and the distal tubercle of the fourth toe is completely divided or
bifid; more frequently only a pair of tubercles is present above
the anus.
Remarks. The discovery of this species was a great surprise
since I had collected in this general region on several previous
occasions. On the night following the hurricane which occurred on
499 Tue UNIversiry ScriENCE BULLETIN
June 26, 1938, numerous amphibians were heard calling in the vi-
cinity of my camp. The first night the following were heard calling
and specimens of all were taken: Bufo marmoreus, Bufo marinus,
Microhyla usta, Hypopachus caprimimus, Hyla baudinu, H. stauf-
feri, H. venulosa. The second night following, the same species were
heard or taken. The third night the numerous Hyla stauffert were
replaced by Hyla underwoodi, and the Bufo marmoreus disappeared
from the scene and were replaced by the species here described. On
succeeding nights the species was not heard or found again, despite
what appeared to be favorable conditions for their appearance.
This form is most closely related to Bufo mazatlanensis occurring
in Sinaloa and Nayarit. These differ in having the crests some-
what less elevated; a shorter supratympanic crest; a more salient
inner metatarsal tubercle, and only the third digit of hand with a
divided subarticular tubercle. The smaller tubercles of sole and
palm are much reduced. The parotoid gland is larger and placed
farther forward. (Compare with valliceps; pl. LIII, fig. 2.)
The species name is in reference to the old belief that the toad
carries a jewel in its head.
Bufo mazatlanensis sp. nov.
(Plate LIII, fig. 1; Plate LIV)
Bufo valliceps Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull, XXIV, 1936 (1937), pp. 509-510.
Type. EHT-HMS No. 374; two miles east of Mazatlan Sinaloa,
Mexico; July 20, 1934, E. H. Taylor coll.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 373-379; same data.
Diagnosis. A large toad with a known maximum size (@ ) 86
mm.; related to gemmifer, but with a pronounced dorsal stripe, nar-
rower head, the parietal crests more distinct, shorter snout, a larger,
more transversely placed parotoid; supratympanic crest shorter, not -
forming shelf above tympanum; all crests topped with black horny
epidermis.
Description of the type. Head somewhat wider than long; crests
high and narrow; well-developed supraorbital crest which curves
behind eye to the supratympanic crest; postorbital and preorbital
crests well developed, the latter narrowly separated from the low
horncovered crest on the upper jaw; thickened canthal crests, more
or less horn covered, extend to a point between nostrils; supratym-
panic crest does not or only slightly projects over the tympanum and
does not conceal tympanum when observed from above; parietal
crests moderately developed.
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 493
Snout very truncate the nostrils extending as far forward as the
upper lip; loreal region somewhat concave; tympanum subcircular
the crests forming the upper anterior border, its greatest diameter
(6.1 mm.) much less than length of eye (8.5 mm.) ; latter slightly
less than distance from eye to tip of snout (8.9mm.); width of an
eyelid (6 mm.) less than interorbital distance (measured from tops
of crests, 9.3 mm.); width between the supratympanic crests (23
mm.) less than width of head (29 mm.); length of parotoid (10
mm.), lying diagonally, separated from eye by a distance of 6 mm.,
abutting against the termination of the supraorbital crest. Tongue
elongate, rounded, widened posteriorly, narrowed in front, free for
a third of its length; choanae moderate, a high ridge behind each;
each with a curved anterior ridge, the innermost edge of which
forms a toothlike free process (also in gemmifer); (character of -
vocal sacs in male unknown). Limbs more slender than in gemmi-
fer; first toe longer than second; two large palmar tubercles; distal
subarticular tubercle on third finger bifid; tuberculation on fingers
and palm rounded, but not spinose or conical.
Tibiotarsal articulation reaches the tympanum; subarticular
tubercles of toes single; supernumerary tubercles somewhat more
conical on hand, but much less prominent and fewer than in gem-
mifer; foot nearly half webbed, slightly more extensive than in
gemmifer. Inner metatarsal tubercle high, with slightly compressed
inner edge, its greatest length about that of first toe; outer tubercle
elongate; tarsal fold represented by a few, larger, spinose tubercles.
Skin strongly tubercular, the tubercles tipped with brown horn (a
single point in females or the entire tubercle covered except laterally
and posteriorly, where there may be several horny points). Snout
and lores with spots of brown horn; tubercles on sides largest; venter
with equal, small, tubercles.
Color. An irregular median light cream line terminating at occi-
put; diagonal lighter lines on sides scarcely discernible due to mar-
bling with brownish; on each side of median lines, indefinite darker
and lighter brown areas; legs indefinitely barred and marbled with
brown; venter immaculate yellow-cream; crests deep black or black
brown.
Variation. Four paratypes are females and save for size are uni-
form for most characters; the color is similar save that No. 373 is
much lighter than the type (three paratypes are skeletons).
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 85; length of snout, 7.2;
width of head, 29; length of head, 24; arm, 48; leg, 95; tibia, 28.5;
494 THe UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
foot, 44 (measurements of paratypes are given in Taylor [1987,
op. cit.]).
Remarks. The type series was dug out of a pile of rock and earth
only a few meters above sea level; their call was not heard.
In Taylor (1987, op. cit.) I state that the specimens were compared
with valliceps from Guerrero. The locality should have been Vera-
cruz. I have examined the type of argillaceus, and the present
species is quite unrelated. In Kellogg (Bull. 160, U.S. N. M., 1932,
p. 71) two specimens of valliceps are reported from Acaponeta,
Nayarit. I rather suspect that the specimen is not valliceps, since
it is several hundred miles out of the known range.
No further comparison with other Mexican toads is needed.
(Compare figure 1, Plate LIII, with valliceps, Plate LIII, fig. 2,
and gemmifer, Plate LIII, fig. 3.)
Tomodactylus angustidigitorum sp. nov.
(Plate LV; figs. 1, la, 1b)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 18640; collected at Quiroga (northeastern
end of Lake Patzcuaro), Michoacan, México, elevation 6,880 ft.,
September 5, 1938, by Edward H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS No. 3718, collected near San Martin,
west México, August 3, 1932; Nos. 18641-18648, 18650, nine miles
west of Zacapu, Michoacan, near Cerro de Tecolote, September 6
and 7, 1938; Nos. 21579-21588 collected four miles east of Carapa,
Michoacan; all collected by E. H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. A small member of the genus, known maximum length
25 mm.; digits tapering, the terminations narrower than digits; lum-
bar gland very distinct, short, somewhat removed from groin; a dis-
continuous fold from eye to lumbar gland more or less distinct;
parotoid gland distinct; abdomen strongly granular; tongue large,
slightly nicked behind, free for nearly half its length; tympanum
small, indistinct, separated from eye by a distance greater than its
diameter; limbs relatively short, the heel not or scarcely reaching
tympanum.
Description of the type. Head slightly narrower than body, the
frontal region narrowed; canthus rostralis distinct, very slightly
rounded; upper part of lores nearly vertical, then sloping to lip,
leaving a broad, shallow depression between eye and nostril; inter-
orbital width (2.35 mm.) only a little wider than eyelid (2.1 mm.) ;
length of eye (3.5mm.) about equal to length of snout (3.55 mm.),
but somewhat shorter than distance from eye to the tip (3.8 mm.) ;
TayLor: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 495
distance between nostrils equals distance of eye from nostril; tym-
panum small, indistinct, its diameter about .75 mm., separated from
eye by a greater distance (1.1mm.); snout pointed; nostrils not
terminal, the distance from tip of snout being 1.2mm. Tongue
rather narrow, elongate, free for nearly half its length, slightly
nicked behind; choanae lateral, vertically placed, seen from below
they are concealed by projections from upper Jaws; mucuous glands
have small openings between choanae; openings of the vocal sacs
large.
Arm brought forward the wrist reaches the tip of the snout; tips
of outer fingers no wider than inner fingers; subarticular tubercles
very large, rounding, not conelike; first finger shorter than second;
a large median palmar tubercle; the outer palmar tubercle variable;
that at base of first finger distinct; four or five other enlarged
palmar tubercles and numerous smaller ones; small tubercles be-
tween the bases of adjoining digits and bordering basal edges, give
a serrate appearance; an indistinct tubercle on wrist and elbow; leg
brought forward the tibiotarsal articulation reaches to arm insertion
or very slightly beyond; fourth toe long, the fifth very short and
slender, the metatarsals of these toes united; subarticular and super-
numerary tubercles conical, salient; sole with several large, and
numerous smaller tubercles; a large inner metatarsal tubercle, and
an equally large outer; no trace of a tarsal fold; when limbs are
folded the heels touch.
Skin above relatively smooth; a few flattened, rather indistinct
pustules on back; a dorsolateral lumbar gland separated from groin
by an appreciable distance; running forward from the gland a more
or less continuous fold reaches to near eye, not continuous with the
very indistinct supratympanic fold; a parotoid gland lying some-
what diagonally behind tympanic region and extending to above arm
insertion; abdomen and sides covered with relatively large granules;
granules cover most of under side of femur and much of its posterior
face; chin and breast smooth.
Color in life. Reddish-brown on dorsal surfaces with some indis-
tinct darker flecks and spots; lumbar gland deep black and silvery
white; chin pigmented with light blackish-brown; venter lightly —
pigmented with brownish-black, the summits of the granules silver;
under surfaces of tibia more or less barred with brown and cream;
dorsal and posterior part of femur more or less uniform brown;
ventral surface of femur flesh; sides of head and lores blackish;
snout somewhat more grayish than black.
496 Tue UnNiversiry ScieENcE BULLETIN
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 24.2; length of snout, 3.55;
snout to arm, 8.5; length of head, 9.3; width of head, 8; arm, 15; leg,
29; tibia, 9.2; foot, 15.2.
Variation. Most of the proportional measurements and the gen-
eral structural characters of the paratypes agree with the type. In
color they vary to a considerable extent, some being nearly uniform
gray-black above; others are deep brown, while still others are
brownish-gray with black spots; one specimen shows rather distinct
bars on the femur. Females are usually flesh below—and less pig-
mented than the type. A few have a rather indistinct light bar be-
tween the eyes as occurs in other species. The fold from eye to the
lumbar gland may be broken into a row of short folds or pustules.
In some the tympanum is entirely concealed, but usually its outline
can be discerned. In most the border of the ventral disk is very
indistinct.
Specimens were encountered hopping about on the ground or en-
sconced under stones. The voice has not been heard. No specimens
were found in trees. The narrowed tips of the digits, the shortened
limbs and the poorly developed disk may be stigmata of a ter-
restrial habitat, despite the fact that none have been encountered
save in forested areas. Tomodactylus nitidus, another terrestrial
species, has been taken largely in open fields far from forest.
Of the known species, the relationship is probably closest to Tomo-
dactylus amulae Giinther. This species lacks narrowed tips on
the toes.
Tomodactylus macrotympanum sp. nov.
(Plate LV; figs. 2, 2a, 2b)
Type. EHT-HMS collection No. 6838; collected south of Jacala,
Hidalgo, Mexico, July 2, 1936, by Edward H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 6815-6837, 6839-6840, collected 8-18
miles south of Jacala (by highway) chiefly at a point on highway
marked La Placita, and a tiny village Minas Viejas. Same date and
collector. i
Diagnosis. A large member of the genus (known maximum size
31 mm.), with the lumbar gland moderately distinct, extending to
groin, not colored black and white; tympanum large, very distinct,
more than three-fourths diameter of eye; abdominal disk more or
less distinct; abdomen not granulate save on sides, and very in-
distinctly granulate posteriorly ; enlarged terminal disk on two outer
fingers nearly double the smallest width of these digits.
Description of the type. Head about as broad as body; the in-
TAyYLor: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 497
terorbital distance (3.7 mm.) much greater than’ the width of an
| eyelid (2.4 mm.); length of the eye (3.4 mm.) less than length of
snout (4.6 mm.) but equal to the distance to nostril; diameter of
tympanum (2.6 mm. wide, 2.9 mm. high), equal to or slightly more
than three-fourths length of eye; the rim of the tympanum thickened,
overhanging the angle of the mouth; canthus rounded, the lores
sloping; region about nostrils only slightly raised, lacking groove or
depression between them.
Tongue small, pyriform or bottle-shaped, apparently not nicked
behind; choanae lateral, when seen from below almost wholly con-
cealed under the projection from the jaw; vocal sacs present, the
openings elongate; the sacs indicated on the sides of chin by longi-
tudinal folds.
Arm brought forward, nearly half of forearm extends beyond
snout; terminations of two outer digits thickened, truncate, nearly
twice as wide as the narrowest part of digit. Subarticular tubercles
very large, rather rounded, with dim supernumerary tubercles; three
posterior palmar tubercles, the median largest more or less con-
tiguous with the outer (smallest); two other large, and several
smaller tubercles on palm; other small tubercles between and
bordering inner basal edges of digits; one or two tubercles on under
side of forearm near wrist; other tubercles present on elbow; leg
extended, the tibiotarsal articulation reaches eye; digits thickened,
but not or slightly widened at tips; no webs, but a thickened tubercle
between the bases of adjacent digits may represent a remnant;
subarticular tubercles and to a lesser extent the supernumerary
tubercles strongly salient, conical in shape and pointing slightly for-
ward; sole of foot with about ten enlarged tubercles with numerous
smaller granular tubercles; a large inner metatarsal tubercle; outer
somewhat smaller; no trace of a tarsal fold; small tubercles on heel;
free part of the third finger much longer and extending slightly
farther forward than fifth.
Skin above rather roughened, with scattered pustules; upper sur-
face of limbs smooth, with a few indistinct pustules on exposed sur-
face of leg; sides of neck and body and the posterior part of
abdomen covered with more or less distinct, flattened granules;
more than half the under surface of femur granular, and part of the
posterior surface; the granules of the back part of the underside of
femur are more or less fused, forming transverse rows. A large
lumbar gland extending nearly half the distance between axilla and
32—2181
498 THe UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
groin, somewhat granular above, with pits (visible under the lens) ;
the edges of the glands are not strongly defined save by the presence
of the pits; an ill-defined parotoid gland lies behind the tympanum
above the arm and is likewise pitted. Two or three tubercles be-
hind lower part of tympanum; the ventral disk is more or less dis-
tinetly outlined.
Color. Above gray, with a darker, somewhat symmetrical area
extending from between eyes to rump; a gray bar connects the eyes
preceded by a darker spot; other dark flecks on sides and dor-
solateral region; exposed surfaces of arms and legs with darker
flecks or bars. Femur and foot grayish, with alternating cream and
gray areas scarcely differentiated. Below cream-flesh with a thin
peppering of pigment. Front face of femur and groin with less
pigment. A few light spots on upper and lower lips.
Measurements. Snout to vent, 29.8 mm.; length of snout, 5 mm.;
snout to foreleg, 10.5 mm.; width of head, 11.1 mm.; length of head,
11 mm.; arm, 19 mm.; leg, 42.4 mm.; tibia, 18.3 mm.; foot, 21.2 mm.
Variation. In most of the structural characters listed the paratype
series is practically uniform. In the distribution of pigment on the
dorsal surface there is considerable variation. In some specimens
the pigment is scattered in small dark flecks on the gray ground
color; in others there is greater concentration of the pigment and
there are fewer, but larger spots. The light bar across the head is
usually evident, and some of the specimens have no darker area
preceding the bar. In practically all, the chin, throat, breast and
most of the abdomen are smooth. Folds on chin may be wanting.
Remarks. Most of the specimens are males. They were for the
most part obtained from low trees and shrubs at an elevation be-
tween 6,000 and 7,000 feet, on a rainy night. The call sounds much
like a short whistled note, pitched about five notes above middle C.
Perhaps blinded by the light, they remained quiet at my approach.
The call is such as to render its source difficult to locate. However,
once found, the specimens were taken without difficulty.
The relationship is probably with Tomodactylus nitidus from
which it differs in the much larger, more distinct tympanum; skin
less pustulous above; longer legs, and the heels overlapping when
folded at right angles. The lumbar gland less distinct and not
strongly marked in black and white. Terminations of outer fingers
more widened.
This adds another species to the distinctive fauna of the state of
Hidalgo.
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 499
Among the specimens of Eleutherodactylid frogs collected in Mex-
ico during the last eight years by Doctor Hobart M. Smith and
myself are some three hundred small specimens, referable to several
species which have, in combination, characters that seem to warrant
their separation into a genus of their own. Two of these I have al-
ready described in the genus Hleutherodactylus, aware that such an
association was not wholly justified. I now propose the following
genus for their reception:
MIcROBATRACHYLUS genus novum
Genotype: Eleutherodactylus hobartsmithi Taylor
Generic description. Very diminutive frogs; hand and foot lack-
ing trace of web; outer metatarsals united; terminal disks present or
absent; no vocal sacs, or chinfolds; no vomerine teeth; tongue thick,
shaped like a grain of maize, free for a third of its length; a flat
inguinal gland; ventral disk on venter broadly triangular, terminat-
ing on thighs; gonads with black pigment; an elongate, narrow, carti-
lagenous omosternum; sternum of cartilage, the posterior extension
narrowed medially; the termination indistinctly bifid.
It is especially surprising that these small species have not been
encountered by earlier collectors. It is possible that some specimens
exist in other collections masquerading under false nomenclature.
That these are not the young of various species of Syrrhophus, Tom-
odactylus and Eleutherodactylus is attested by the presence of fully
adult males and females of the several species. Moreover, the young
of most of the known Mexican species are at hand and these are
easily identified, since most of the specific characters (size excepted)
are evident in newly transformed young. I am of the opinion, based
on the size of the ovarian eggs and the presence of specimens in
places where standing water is not readily accessible, that most
Mexican species of Hleutherodactylus* have direct transformation
without a protracted free-swimming larval stage. Thus specific
characters are not obscured by adaptations resulting from the free-
swimming larval life.
There is strong sexual dimorphism in Microbatrachylus as regards
size, and in the diameter of the tympanum. Most of the species are
terrestrial in habit, although there is a report of specimens of ho-
bartsmitht having been taken in low plants (Taylor, 1937, op. cit.).
The following species are recognized: Microbatrachylus hobart-
smithi, pygmaeus, albolabris, oaxacae and minimus. Further study
on other forms is necessary and these are not included.
* Eleutherodactylus rugulosus, is apparently an exception since the newly transformed young
are abundant along streams. (Possibly EH. natator and vocalis also are exceptions.)
500 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Microbatrachylus pygmaeus (Taylor)
Eleutherodactylus pygmaeus Taylor, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., 39, 1936 (July 2, 1937), pp.
252-254, pl. 1, figs. 3-4 (type locality, one mile north of Rodriguez Clara, Veracruz).
The type of this species is a female. The two paratypes listed
belong to two other species of this genus.
A series of specimens belonging to this species was obtained in
Potrero Viejo, and Cuautlapa, Veracruz, since the type description
was published. Most of the specimens were obtained, both during
the day and the night, by tracing their feeble chirps. This usually
entailed some difficulty since they are active and their alert move-
ment makes them difficult to find in grass and leaves. All were on
the ground.
The males of the species are diminutive, the largest of sixteen
measuring 16 mm., while most of the others are less than 15 mm. in
snout to vent measurement. The largest of fourteen females measures
19mm. in length. It would appear that the sexual dimorphism as
regards size is distinctly less than in hobartsmithi. The size of the
tympanum is distinctly greater proportionally in the males than in
the females of that species. The males of pygmaeus have large
tympani, their diameters equal to about four-fifths or more of the
diameter of the eyes. In both sexes the characters of the widened
tips of the digits, the absence of a tarsal fold or row of tubercles on
the tarsus, the absence of a small outer palmar tubercle, the presence
of an axillary gland, the absence of vomerine teeth, the presence of
the large inner metatarsal tubercle two to three times the size of the
outer, may be regarded as constant. I find no vocal sac in the males.
The tibiotarsal articulation usually reaches the eye or at most only
slightly beyond.
The dorsal markings vary considerably, but the inverted V-shaped
marking on the shoulders is invariably present; two small spots are
present, in the dorsal lumbar region, and a dark diagonal mark from
eye to the side, passing behind the arm, is usually present. A few
specimens have a dark interorbital bar, and a dark stripe on the lores
is more or less distinct.
The general color of live or newly preserved specimens is lavender
or purple, there being no red or rosy color visible as in hobartsmithi.
The data in the type description taken from the paratypes must be
disregarded as these specimens do not belong to this species.
The following specimens are referred to this species: Nos. 6419-
6422, 6430-6436, 18187, Cuautlapa, Ver.; Nos. 18127, 18128, 18185-
18187, 21612-21614, 22061, 22061A, 22063, Potrero Viejo, Ver.; Nos.
TayLoR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 501
6423, 6437, San Juan de Gracia, Ver.; Nos. 6425, 6426, 6438, Cor-
doba, Ver. All collected by E. H. Taylor.
Dr. Hobart Smith informs me that he obtained nearly two hundred
specimens of this species in the general region about Potrero Viejo,
Veracruz, during the winter of 1938-1939.
Microbatrachylus hobartsmithi (Taylor)
Eleutherodactylus hobartsmithi Taylor, Trans. Kan. Acad. Sci., 39, 1936 (July 2, 1937),
pp. 355-357, pl. 1, figs. 5-6 (type locality Uruapan, Michoacan).
This species was described from a male type, and only males are
present in the paratype series. All were found at night by tracing
their calls. I collected a series of forty specimens from among grass
and weeds near the edge of a small stream about ten miles west of
Villa Victoria, México, September 1, 1938. These were taken in
the daytime, and no calls were heard. The lot contains only eight
males. The females are proportionally very large, reaching a length
of 22.5 mm., and more than three times the bulk of the males. The
longest male has a snout to vent length of only 15.1mm. The
larger females contain large, nearly ripe eggs. The size of the eggs
suggest that they have a direct mode of development rather than
one involving an aquatic larval stage.
The color patterns are for the most part more strongly ‘defined
than indicated in the type figures. The ground color is a pinkish-
gray with blackish markings, which are more or less symmetrical
on the back. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the femur are
light red. The upper arm is of a rosy cream. The chin and venter
are dull flesh or occasionally rosy flesh with a scattering of pig-
ment, usually heavier on the chin and breast; in males and a few
females the chin is rather blackish. The limbs are more or less
barred in all specimens. The tympanum in males is often of almost
the same diameter as the eye; in females it is proportionally much
smaller, varying from about one-half to two-thirds the eye diameter.
In most of the specimens the tongue is a little longer than in the
type, with nearly two-fifths of the posterior part free. I am unable
to find openings to the vocal sacs, in these males, and a reéxamina-
tion of the type shows folds along the sides of the floor of the mouth,
but the openings were probably made with a probe. The statement
that vocal sacs are present is to be regarded as incorrect.
The granulation of the venter is confined to the posterior parts.
Proximal parts of the underside of the femora and a broad triangular
patch on their posterior faces, lying below anus, also granular. In
502 THE UNIvERSITY ScrENCE BULLETIN
most of the specimens the inner metatarsal tubercle is very large, its
length equal to about two-thirds the length of the inner toe above
the tubercle, and distinetly larger than the outer metatarsal tubercle.
In several specimens the basal subarticular tubercle of the fourth
toe is double. The gland in the groin, not mentioned in the type
description, is present in all specimens, including the types.
The following specimens, other than the types, are in the collee-
tion: Nos. 18292-18352, ten miles west of Villa Victoria, in western
part of México, September 1 and September 10, 1938, E. H. Taylor.
No. 18353, twenty miles west of Guadalajara, Jalisco, September 11,
1938, R. Roberts. No. 21610, Mirador, Atzimba National Forest,
Michoacan, September 3, 1939, E. H. Taylor.
Microbatrachylus albolabris sp. nov.
(Plate LVI; figs. A and B)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 6407, collected two miles west of Cordoba,
Veracruz, August 20, 1936, by Edward H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HME No. 6407A, near Cordoba, 1936, by Rad-
clyffe Roberts. Nos. 18802, Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, July 12, 1938;
No. 18803, San Juan de Gracia, Veracruz, July 17, 1938, by E. H.
Taylor.
Diagnosis. A small species lacking vomerine teeth and vocal sacs;
tibiotarsal articulation reaching toe back part of eye; nostril midway
between eye and tip of snout; tympanum of female about three-
fifths that of male, five-sixths diameter of eye; flat inguinal gland
of greater extent than eye; outer metatarsal tubercle oval, three-
fourths the length of first finger, about twice the size of outer
tubercle; no tarsal fold; ventral disk terminating at femora; chin
and entire venter without trace of granulation; a white stripe from
near tip of snout below tympanum to above arm, separated from
edge of lip by a broken, black line. A dark, irregularly-edged,
middorsal stripe bordered by two gray-cream stripes; these in turn
bordered by two grayish-black lines.
Description of the type. A small frog, the known maximum
length less than 18 millimeters; head narrower than body, flattened;
eyes not strongly salient dorsally; snout oval; nostril practically
midway between eye and tip of snout; distance between nostrils
(1.9 mm.) about three-fourths distance from eye to tip of snout
(2.7 mm.) ; diameter of eye (2 mm.) greater than that of tympanum
(1.25 mm.); width of upper eyelid (1.83 mm.) equal to interorbital
width; canthal region somewhat rounded, the lores sloping abruptly,
somewhat concave behind nostril; tongue longer than wide, the
TayLor: HprprEeroLocicAL MisceLLANY 503
posterior edge rounding, not notched behind, the posterior width
about one-fourth greater than the anterior width, free for one-third
its length; choanae small, lateral, completely concealed by projec-
tions of upper jaw when seen directly from below.
Arm short, laid forward the wrist does not reach tip of snout;
first finger shorter than second; subarticular tubercles distinct,
rounded, moderately salient; a large tubercle at base of first finger ;
a large, rounded, median palmar tubercle; no trace of an outer
tubercle; five supernumerary tubercles on palm; tips of two outer
fingers with disks having a terminal groove; the disks at least one-
third wider than the width of the digit; those of inner fingers
scarcely wider than digit; no trace of a web; a row of rounded
tubercles on under surface of forearm; leg rather short, the tibiotar-
sal articulation reaching the posterior corner of the eye; disks on
toes slightly larger than those on fingers, with a terminal groove;
subarticular tubercles large, somewhat salient; only one or two
supernumerary tubercles, these on the back part of sole; inner
metatarsal tubercle oval, nearly three-fourths the length of the first
toe; outer tubercle more than half as large as inner; when limbs are
folded at right angles the heels overlap a little.
Skin above on head and body with tubercles and folds; a median
hair-fine ridge from snout to anus; a pair of indefinite folds begin at
eyelid in interorbital region, converge to a point on shoulders where
they run parallel for a short distance, then they diverge, then con-
verge, and run parallel for a distance. Again they diverge, and
again converge and run more or less parallel to rump, where one or
two larger tubercles are to be found; a discontinuous fold or row of
tubercles begins behind eye and follows the dorsolateral region to
groin; another indefinite row of tubercles runs back from the dim
supratympanic folds; sides of body with other indistinct tubercles
more or less in rows; the folds above tympanum not pronounced; the
gland behind and below tympanum distinct, having characteristics
of the gland in groin; latter large, flat, the minute glandules visible
through skin; chin, breast, abdomen and the greater part of the
underside of femora very smooth; a proximal area on ventral and
posterior faces of femur granular. Ventral disk indicated by a
transverse fold on breast and two curving lateral folds which con-
verge and terminate medially on limbs.
Color in life. Above grayish-cream, with a slight pink or rose
cast; top of head dark, inclosing a grayish spot, the anterior edge
of which is trifoliate; two dark lines begin on orbital edge of upper
lids, fuse on occiput and continue back to rump. as a broad, irregu-
504 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
larly edged stripe occupying all the area between the median folds;
a dorsolateral dark stripe borders the dorsolateral row of tubercles
below; a dark, irregular stripe through lores, across tympanum,
above arms to the side, its lower edge deep black; a white stripe be-
ginning near tip of snout borders the dark stripe to side; a broken
black line on the edge of lip; an ill-defined dark line on lower lip;
chin, throat and venter immaculate greenish white; two or three
black spots on anterior face of arm and one or two on posterior face;
palm purplish; fingers strongly barred above; a brown stripe on
anterior face of femur, darkest at knee; very indefinite bars on
femur and tibia; sole and heel purplish; toes dimly barred above.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 16.5; length of snout
(median), 2; length of head, 5.4; width of head, 4.9; arm, 7.9; leg,
23.1; tibia, 7.3; foot; 10.
Variation. No. 18803 has been preserved in too weak a solution
of the preserving fluid and has bloated slightly so that all trace of
rugosities or folds on the body have disappeared. The color and
markings are similar; the limbs are darker and the dorsal dark and
light markings are less contrasted. No. 18802 has the dorsal cream
stripes only faintly visible and narrower than in the type; in 6407A,
the specimen has become brownish; there is a faint, light hair line
in middorsal region, connecting with a similar transverse line on the
back of the thighs which passes below anus.
Two specimens from Guerrero are tentatively referred to this
species. They differ in certain points, but the median dorsal folds
are similar, and a white stripe containing some scattered pigment
is present on lip and lores, running back above and behind arm.
Both specimens are larger, with proportionally larger outer metatar-
sal tubercles, which are somewhat squarish, their free edge directed
inward. No. 6408 (1144 mi. N. of Mazatlan, Gro.) is a female with
tympanum about two-thirds the diameter of eye; No. 21611 (Agua
del Obispo, Gro.) is a male, the tympanum minutely less in diameter
than the eye. In the female the borders of the ventral disk form
very ample folds. The largest measures 17.8 mm.
Comparisons. This form differs from the white-lipped Eleuthero-
dactylus beatae by the absence of a tarsal fold, or tarsal tubercles,
larger tympanum and shorter legs. By the presence of the white
stripe on the lip it differs from other members of this genus.
Microbatrachylus oaxacae sp. nov.
Type. EHT-HMS No. 18197, collected on Cerro San Felipe, near
Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, August 18-22, 1938, by E. H. Taylor.
TayLtor: HrRPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 505
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 18188, 18189, 18191-18196, 18198,
18203, 18205-18207. Same data as type.
Diagnosis. A diminutive species with three palmar tubercles, the
outer large, distinct or partly fused with the median; choanae not
concealed under overhanging jaw when seen from below; digits not
dilated; and indistinct parotoid gland above arm behind typanum;
a small gland just posterior to axilla; inguinal black spots wanting;
generally pinkish or rose cclor in life; sexual dimorphism not marked.
Description of type. Known maximum size 18.1 mm. (male).
Head nearly as broad as body; snout rather oval; canthus rostralis
distinct, but somewhat rounded; lores sloping broadly to lip; the
loreal region slightly concave behind nostril; eyes not salient above;
width of an eyelid (1.7 mm.) distinctly narrower than the interorbi-
tal distance (2.2 mm.); length of eye (2.2 mm.) greater than its
distance from nostril, less than length of snout (2.8 mm.) ; nostril a
little closer to tip of snout (1.3 mm.) than to eye (1.7 mm.); di-
ameter of the circular tympanum (2.1 mm.) practically equal to
that of eye.
Tongue much elongated (paratypes show a much shorter tongue),
free for at least half its length, not or but slightly notched behind;
no vocal sacs; no vomerine teeth; choanae lateral, not concealed by
the projection of jaw when seen directly from below; area of palate
anterior to choanae much reduced.
Arms short, brought forward the wrist fails to reach snout tip;
first finger shorter than second; subarticular tubercles very large,
rounding, as wide or nearly as wide as the digits; five small super-
numerary tubercles on palm; three posterior palmar tubercles, the
median largest, contiguous posteriorly with the outer palmar tuber-
cle, or partly fused with it posteriorly; a dim fold under arm, ele-
vated at two or three points with tubercles; small pads on tip of dig-
its lacking a groove, not wider than the digit; legs long, the tibio-
tarsal articulation reaching tip of snout; limbs folded at right angles,
the heels overlap two millimeters; outer metatarsal tubercle about
two-thirds the length of first toe, moderately elevated, oval; outer
more than half as large; toes with pads not or only minutely wider
than toes; subarticular tubercles large, longer than wide, moderately
elevated; a well-defined supernumerary tubercle on fourth toe be-
tween the two proximal tubercles; sole with several dimly indicated
tubercles; no tarsal fold from inner tubercle; a row of tubercles run
along outer side of tarsus from outer tubercle.
Skin above rugose, pustular, forming a pattern with indistinct
folds and pustules; a pustular fold begins at posterior corner of eye,
506 Tue UNIverRsITY ScreENCcE BULLETIN
runs back diagonally to a large tubercle on shoulder which is widely
separated from its fellow; situated posterolaterally from this is
another enlarged tubercle, which is continuous with a fold that runs
posteriorly to groin, broken up into tubercles; beginning at the
shoulder tubercles are two fine folds, one on each side, which tend
to converge, then run parallel to each other, then diverge to join
the outer row of tubercles. Arms finely pustulate, legs heavily pustu-
late, the largest pustules on the dark markings; sides pustulate or
tubercular; a small (yellow) gland behind axilla and a larger, flat
gland in groin; venter very dimly granular in the posterior half;
throat and breast quite smooth; a broadly triangular, very distinct
suction disk on venter, terminating posteriorly on thighs; a small
parotoid above arm and a large tubercle back of lower part of
tympanum.
Color in life. General ground color pink or roseate above; con-
cealed parts of hind limbs pink; venter yellowish-white to ivory,
with scattered, minute flecks of pigment forming a dim reticulation
enclosing lighter spots; chin and throat darker; head grayish and
black, with spots on lips; a loreal stripe, more or less distinct; dim,
radiating lines on edge of eyelid above; a light gray bar between
eyes, followed by a blackish bar; two x-shaped marks on shoulders;
dim, dark marks on back; a dark spot above tympanum; limbs
distinctly barred; palms, soles and undersurface of digits dark, the
tubercles cream.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 18.1; snout, 2.8; width of
head, 7.3; length of head, 7.2; arm, 11.1; leg, 35.2; tibia, 11.4;
foot, 15.
Variation. The series is very uniform in general characters, save
that the dorsal pustular patterns may be dim. Females have smaller
tympani, which are more or less oval, higher than wide—the longi-
tudinal diameter about two-thirds of the eye, and its edge farther
from the eye than in the males; the inguinal gland, and the parotoid
glands, are usually smaller, and the latter a little less distinct than
in the male. The size of the females in the collection is no greater
than that of the males.
The closest relationship is apparently with M. hobartsmithi. The
dorsal pattern of folds and pustules (tubercles) of that species is
different; there is very great sexual dimorphism; the outer palmar
tubercle is lacking; and the tibiotarsal articulation rarely reaches a
slight distance beyond eye.
All the specimens were estimated to have been taken between an
elevation of 7,000 and 8,000 feet. None were seen at lower eleva-
TayLtor: HerprroLocicAL MIscELLANY 507
tions. All were taken on the ground among leaves. Three specimens
of another small Eleutherodactylid were taken with these; they are
believed to be the young of H. mexicanus. No adults of that form
were taken.
Microbatrachylus minimus sp. nov.
(Plate LVI; figs. C, D)
Type. EHT-HMS, No. 6416, Agua del Obispo, Guerrero (km.
350) in pine forest, August 1, 1936, E. H. Taylor, coll.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS, Nos. 6411, 6413, 6415, Agua del Obispo,
3689 near Mazatlan, Guerrero, E. H. Taylor, coll.
Diagnosis. Small frogs; tympanum (of males) as large as eye;
inguinal gland present; nostril nearer snout tip than eye; outer toes
and fingers with widened disks; heel reaches middle of eye; no outer
palmar tubercle; no postaxillary gland; a pair of broken, dorsolateral
folds arising some distance behind eye; a second broken fold from
above tympanum; lip spotted with black; lavender and purple above.
Description of type. A diminutive species (known maximum
length for males, 15 mm.; for females, 19 mm.); head a little nar-
rower than body, the eyes moderately prominent; eyelid (1.2 mm.)
smaller than the interorbital distance (1.75 mm); tympanum large,
subcircular, longer than high, its greatest diameter (2 mm.) equal to
eye (1.95 mm.) ; distance between nostril and eye (1.83 mm.) greater
than the distance of nostril to tip of snout (.95 mm.) ; snout rounded
at tip, the length, 2.2 mm.
Tongue rather thick, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly the sides
more or less parallel, free for more than one-third of its length; no
vomerine teeth; choanae small, lateral, not or but partly concealed
when seen from below; no vocal sacs.
Arm brought forward the wrist reaches near the tip of snout; tip
of two outer fingers dilated into disks, with a terminal groove; the
inner fingers not wider than digit; subarticular tubercles large
rounded; fine supernumerary tubercles on palm; two large palmar
tubercles, the median one largest; the outer entirely wanting; a row
of tubercles under forearm; a distinct tubercle or swelling at the
wristfold; arm more or less rugose; when legs are folded at right
angles to body the heels barely touch; tibiotarsal articulation reaches
to middle of eye; digits of second, third and fourth toes dilated with
pads having a terminal transverse groove; subarticular tubercles
strong; supernumerary tubercles on the foot almost obsolete, their
location indicated by cream spots; inner metatarsal tubercle large,
salient, about two-thirds the length of first toe; outer metatarsal
508 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
tubercle small, one-fourth size of inner; tarsus lacking an inner fold,
three small, indistinct tubercles on the outer side.
A broken irregular fold runs back dorsolaterally, limiting lght
dorsal coloration; region between very rugose and pustular, but no
distinctive pattern can be discerned. A second broken fold runs on
the side beginning above the tympanum; sides granular or tuber-
cular as are eyelids; ventral disk well-developed, terminating on
thighs; chin throat and all save posterior part of abdomen smooth;
most of ventral surface of thighs smooth, but the strongly granular
area in anal region encroaches somewhat on the ventral surface;
inguinal gland rather indistinct (distinct in paratypes); a paro-
toid gland above arm is not compact; a tubercle between arm and
tympanum.
Color in life. Above dorsal surface light lavender, limited by the
dorsolateral fold; the head lighter—the sides darker purplish (in
aleohol the color becomes brownish), arms brownish-cream; lower
arm and hand lavender, barred with purplish. Legs lavender barred
with purplish; ventral surfaces cream with a peppering of pigment
forming a very dim reticulation, enclosing rounded areas lacking
pigment; lips with darker and lighter, more or less quadrangular
spots; a dark bar from nostril, above tympanum and arm, becoming
wider on side behind arm.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 15; snout, 2.2; width of
head, 5.3; length of head, 5.7; arm, 8; leg, 24; tibia, 7.6; foot, 9.8.
Variation. Most of the structural characters are constant; the skin
is very rugose in all and occasionally a dim more or less distinct
pattern is formed by the dorsal pustules. Usually two tubercles are
present in the posterior part of the interorbital region. The largest
specimen is a female and the colors are more intense.
Remarks. Two other forms of the genus occur in this region,
albolabris and a form related to hobartsmithi. Further specimens of
the latter will be necessary to determine its exact status. The speci-
mens were all taken on the ground. The call is a weak chirp resem-
bling an insect call more than that of an amphibian. These were
heard both morning and late afternoon, as well as at night. I can-
not distinguish the calls of the various forms.
Hyla melanomma sp. nov.
(Plate LVIII; figs. 1, 1a, 1b)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 21578; collected 7 miles east of Chilpan-
cingo (Cuidad Bravos), Guerrero, Mexico, August 20, 1939; E. H.
Taylor collector.
Taytor: HerrrrerotocicaAL MIsScELLANY 509
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 21545-21554, 21556-21558, 21560-
21578; same locality and date; H. M. Smith and E. H. Taylor, col-
lectors.
Diagnosis. A small hyla with a known maximum snout-to-vent
length of 32 mm.; interorbital width one and three-fourths to twice
the width of an eyelid; canthus rostralis distinct, lores sloping;
greatest diameter of tympanum about two-thirds of length of eye; a
slight axillary web; vomerine tooth groups lying between the an-
terior ends of choanae; a very strong tarsal fold; heel brought for-
ward reaches eye.
Description of the type. Head rather broad, with relatively small
eyes, the distance between the orbits (4.2 mm.) nearly twice the
width of an eyelid (2.15 mm.); length of eye (3.4 mm.) reaching
anterior edge of nostril; distance between nostrils equals width of
eyelid; snout a rather pointed oval with little or no depression be-
tween nostrils; canthus distinct, but slightly rounded; lores sloping;
the eyes seen from above extending beyond profile of jaw; tympanum
distinct, the upper edge overhung by a slightly developed fold; tip
of snout extending about 1.4 mm. beyond lower jaw; tongue about
as wide as long, not or but very slightly notched behind, and with a
very narrow free posterior edge; vomerine teeth in two transverse
groups of six teeth, the anterior edges of the raised area extending
slightly anterior to a line drawn between the anterior edges of the
choanae; latter moderately large, oval.
Hand with rather large disks which are distinctly smaller than
tympanum; outer digits half webbed or slightly less; first finger
narrowed behind the disk; distal subarticular tubercles large, well-
defined, that of outer finger single; proximal digits small; palmar
tubercles tripartite, that on base of first finger elongate, not strongly
differentiated; numerous indistinct tubercles or granules on palm;
a row of tubercles under forearm; hind limbs relatively short, the
tibiotarsal articulation reaching middle of eye; the heels overlap
when limbs are folded at right angles to body; toes more than three-
fourths webbed, the membrane reaching to near the disks; toe disks
smaller than those on outer fingers; outer metatarsal tubercle large,
distinct, rather diagonal in position; outer tubercle small, less dis-
tinct; a very strong tarsal fold extends to heel, running slightly
diagonally; anal flap short, rather narrow, with a slight median
groove below it; skin on dorsal surfaces smooth; chin, throat and
breast with dim, flattened granules; venter, sides and under side of
femur strongly granular; a slight elevation behind eyes; axillary
web distinct but small.
510 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
Color in life. Above, light olive green, lighter on side and above
limbs; below flesh white; when preserved, the color is light flesh
with a fine peppering of pigment some of which segregates to make
minute flecks; a fine, equally distributed peppering of pigment on
limbs, on both dorsal and posterior faces, visible under a lens; the
eyeball is very black and seen through the eyelid make the eyelid
appear black; a shghtly darker area or spot between eyes.
Measurements. Snout to vent, 31.2 mm.; length of snout, 5.1
mm.; snout to arm, 11 mm.; width of head, 11 mm.; length of head,
10.6 mm.; arm, 16.4 mm.; leg, 46 mm.; tibia, 15.5 mm.; foot,
20.8 mm.
Variation. Of the five adult’ paratypes three were colored like the
type; two were purplish above save in the rump region, with a darker
area on the tip of the snout; the darker area between the eyes is
more pronounced in most of the specimens and there is slightly more
pigment at the tip of the snout; some of the specimens have a slight
depression between the nostrils; the smallest specimen measures 30
mm.; the largest, 32 mm.; the proportional measurements are very
close to those of the type. All are females.
The young specimens taken at the same time differ from the
adults in the shape of the head, the snout being shorter, and the
tympanum is concealed. In life they vary from olive to leaf green,
while some showed a purplish coloration above.
Remarks. All the specimens were taken from bromelias in the
low trees growing along a small stream. The green and olive color-
ation matched the green shades of the outer sides of the bromelias,
while the purplish markings were similar to the purplish coloration
of the inner basal parts of the leaves. Whether the males have vocal
sacs or nuptial callosities is not known. I do not find saes present
in any of the young, all of which are recently transformed. This is
not conclusive evidence that this character is absent.
I am uncertain as to the relationship of this form. Two other
Mexican Hylas are known to live in the bromelias—Hyla bromeliana
and Hyla arborscandens. The latter differs in being a very much
larger frog with yellow lateral spots; it has a sharper canthus ros-
tralis and strongly defined nuptial callosities with minute nuptial
spines on first and second fingers. From Hyla bromeliana it differs
in having much smaller eyes, a wider interorbital region, and in the
absence of the characteristic bands on the limbs.
TaYLorR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 511
Hyla arborescandens Taylor
Hyla arborescandens Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 25, July 10, 1938, pp. 388-391,
fig. 1 (type locality 3 km. southwest of Acultzingo, Veracruz).
The type locality of this species was revisited on August 19 and
20, 1939, and a series of specimens were obtained from bromelias.
The males agree with the type in having a rather sharp snout. The
inner edge of the second finger has a row of minute spinules running
to near the terminal pad, and occasionally spinules occur on the
inner edge of the third finger. This character was overlooked in
the type. The characteristic marking of the hind limbs is present
in all the specimens, but more distinct in some than in others. The
fold which runs from the eye, above the tympanum, terminates
above the arm in a parotoid gland; a more or less distinct fold fol-
lows the parotoid and this may be thickened and glandular; the
interorbital distance is much larger than the width of the eyelid.
The two females in the lot are distinctly larger than males and
both are filled with nearly ripe eggs. In one the color was dark olive
to olive-brown above, with small, indistinct, darker areas above;
and three or four yellowish spots along the sides; the other was light
olive with a large quadrangular black spot on neck, with fine darker
flecks scattered on back and dorsal surfaces of limbs. The snout is
not pointed but somewhat truncate, and the lower Jaw is more
rounded, and the nostrils are almost directly above edges of lip.
The yellow spots on the sides are replaced with a fine, rather in-
distinct reticulation.
Whether the eggs are laid in the bromelias or not I cannot say,
but it is probable that they are. The breeding season would appear
to be much later than that of Hyla miotympanum. Many of the
tadpoles of the latter had already transformed at this time. In
the numerous plants examined, no eggs or tadpoles were found.
The snout to vent measurement of the largest male was 38 mm.; of
the largest female, 49 mm.
Hyla erythromma Taylor
Hyla erythromma Taylor, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 50, April 21, 1937, pp. 48-50, pl. 2,
fig. 1 (type locality, Agua del Obispo, Guerrero).
This species, discovered in 1936, was described from a single fe-
male specimen. With the hope of obtaining more specimens in order
to establish its legitimacy on a firmer basis, Dr. Hobart M. Smith
and I revisited the spot where I had obtained the type. At a point
about 200 meters from here in a rivulet arising from the Agua del
512 Tue UnNIversity ScieENCcE BULLETIN
Obispo spring I found six specimens of a small frog in a bush over-
hanging the rivulet. They were calling, but the low voices could
be heard at a distance of only a few meters. Doctor Smith ob-
tained one in a tree some thirty meters farther up the stream.
On examination all of the specimens proved to be males and all
had an extraordinary lateral gland extending nearly the distance
between axilla and groin and reaching below like two closely pressed
flaps on the abdomen. All had brownish-red eyes.
A comparison of these specimens with the type of erythromma
leads me to the belief that they are the males of that species despite
the differences that obtain. There is no evidence of the gland in
the type. The skin is very smooth, while in the male specimens the
skin is distinctly corrugated; the webbing between the digits is
very slightly more extensive in the males; the lateral markings are
more distinct and they are much more heavily pigmented above;
the ventral part of the glands are yellowish with more or less dark
pigment. The entire ventral part of the abdomen of the female is -
lacking in pigment and it is entirely covered with large granules in-
stead of only the area between the glands as in the males.
In life the males were largely green, or olive of varying shades.
Certain of the specimens showed a brownish reticulation or mottling
on the olive. The sides were cream, with spots, blotches or mottling
of brown or olive. A diagonal cream stripe was present on the base
of upper arm, while the axilla was cream. Below, the belly was
creamy white to yellowish-cream. Some specimens had a few
brownish spots on chin or throat and in front of the insertion of the
arm.
That I am dealing here with two species is not beyond possibility.
However, only larger series can settle the point beyond doubt. The
small Hyla pinorum Taylor, also taken in this immediate locality
in 1936, was not rediscovered, but there is no possibility of these
specimens belonging to that species.
The first finger has a wider base than in the type and its dorsal
surface is beset with a group of twenty to thirty black, horny spines,
very much larger and not closely approximated as in such forms as
Hyla lafrentzi, arborescandens and bistincta.
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 513
Hyla forbesi sp. nov.
(Plate LVIII; figs. 1, la 1b)
Type. EHT-HMS, No. 22276; collected on a mountain three
miles southwest of Acultzingo, Veracruz, August 27, 1939, by Dytrig
McH. Forbes.
Diagnosis. A medium-sized hyla (known snout to vent length,
45 mm.) with very large, salient eyes, the eyelid wider than inter-
orbital distance; tympanum concealed under skin, faintly indicated,
measuring about one-third of eye length, its surface directed up-
ward; canthus sharp; an arched glandular fold is continuous with
the fluted anal flap; a small web between fingers; toes about three-
fourths webbed; no outer metatarsal tubercle; tarsal fold low, in-
distinct; vomerine tooth group large, between small choanae which
are partially concealed by a palatal ridge; a pectoral fold; chin and
breast lacking granules; abdomen strongly granular.
Description of the type. Female with abdomen distended with
eggs. Head moderate, narrower than the distended body; eyes very
large, very strongly salient, seen from above they extend strongly
beyond profile of Jaws; eye as long as snout (5 mm.) ; nostrils nearly
terminal, the snout projecting about 1.4 mm. beyond mouth; eanthus
rostralis sharp; projected lines of canthi intersecting on the tip of
the snout; width of an eyelid (4 mm.) greater than the interorbital
width (3.65 mm.); distance between nares 3.2 mm.; region about
angle of mouth projects somewhat from side of head so that the
tympanic region is almost entirely visible from above; tympanum
covered with skin, its outline dimly visible, its diameter (1.6 mm.)
about one-third of the length of the exposed part of eye ball: lores
almost vertical.
Tongue very wide, circular, papillate, definitely nicked posteri-
orly, free for one-third of its length; choanae small, each with an
anterior ridge which partially conceals the opening; vomerine teeth
bordering the posterior edge of a raised region which is three times
the size of the visible choanal opening; these areas lie between the
choanae and extend anteriorly to their anterior level, and posteriorly
to their posterior level. :
Skin above smooth (under the lens only very faint corrugation is
discernible) ; edge of eyelid somewhat thickened; a well-defined
supratympanic fold from eye to above arm; neck constricted behind
angle of jaws; sides with indistinct flattened granules; granules on
chin wanting; a pectoral fold present; abdomen strongly granular;
33—2181
514 THe UNIversity ScriENCE BULLETIN
ventral surface of femur and the lower part of its posterior face
granulate, the granules becoming larger and reaching higher below
anus; anal flap fluted, continuous with an arched glandular fold.
Skin on limbs smooth; hand with a small but distinct web, the edges
of web continued on fingers as narrow fringes; terminal pads large,
the diameter of that on outer finger about 3 mm. wide; subarticular
tubercles large, rounded, that on outer finger not bifid; a large pal-
mar tubercle, more or less divided, the anterior part largest and
rounded; a dim row of tubercles on underside of forearm and scat-
tered supernumerary tubercles on hand; tibiotarsal articulation
reaching anterior edge of eye; foot about three-fourths webbed;
subarticular tubercles well-developed; numerous supernumerary tu-
bercles which extend also onto sole; inner metatarsal tubercle rather
large, with a small adjoined tubercle on its inner border; outer tu-
bercle apparently wanting; tarsal fold dim, with indication of small
pustules.
Color. Top and sides of head and anterior part of body, black-
ish-gray; posterior part of back shows very small, indistinct spots
darker than the general color; dorsal surface of arms and fingers
uniform dark; of legs and toes, mottled blackish-gray; belly and
concealed surfaces of arms and legs, whitish; chin heavily pigmented
with blackish-gray; under surface of knee dark; sides cream, with
some dark reticulations and spots; undersurfaces of hands and feet
more or less pigmented, posterior surface of thigh cream, strongly
flecked and reticulated with darker color.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 45; tip of snout to eye, 6.5;
width of head, 14; length of head, 12; arm, 30; leg, 71; tibia, 22.5;
foot, 33.5.
Remarks. Wacking knowledge of the characters of the males as
pertains to the presence or absence of vocal sacs, and the nuptial
armature of the first finger, I find it difficult to determine the re-
lationship of the species. The presence of the arched anal fold is
unique; the upturned face of the tympanic region (which does not
appear to be due to distortion) is unusual. The size of the vomerine
tooth areas is larger proportionally than in other known Mexican
species.
In the type locality, Hyla arborescandens and Hyla miotympanum
also occur. From the former it may be distinguished by the nar-
rower interorbital distance, the larger eye and the smaller tympanum
which is partly concealed. Hyla miotympanum differs from it in
having a broadly rounded and flattened snout, the nostrils not
TayLor: HERPETOLOGICAL MiscELLANY 515
terminal; the lores are not vertical and the canthus rostralis is
broadly rounded. The color in life was probably some shade of dark
green above.
I take pleasure in naming the species for its discoverer, Mr.
Dyfrig McHattie Forbes, of Potrero Viejo, Veracruz, my host on
numerous occasions, who is an ardent collector and enthusiastic stu-
dent of Mexican herpetology.
Hypopacuus Keferstein
Hypopachus Keferstein, Nachricht ges. Gottingen, 1867, p. 351 (type species, Hypopachus
seebachii Keferstein = Engystoma variolosum Cope); Parker, A Monograph of the Frogs of
the family Microhylidae 1934, p. 110. (See this paper for more complete synonymy.)
Parker’s monograph recognizes five forms of this genus, as fol-
lows: (1) Hypopachus incrassatus Cope (Paraguay, 8. E. Bolivia,
S. W. and N. W. Brazil; (2) H. inguinalis Cope (Guatemala) ; (3)
H, variolosus (Cope) (Costa Rica); (4) H. cuneus Cope (Texas) ;
(5) H. oxyrhinus Boulenger (Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacan in
Mexico; Guatemala). Since its publication, H. parkeri Wettstein
has been described from Brazil; H. barbert Schmidt and H. glob-
ulosus Schmidt from Guatemala.
Description. “Prevomer divided, the postchoanal portion absent;
palatine absent. Clavicles and procoracoids present, almost straight,
reaching the midline of the girdle and the scapulae; omosternum ab-
sent; sternum cartilaginous. Vetebral column diplasiocoelous. Ter-
minal phalanges simple.”
“Pupil round or rhomboidal. Tongue large, oval, entire and half
free behind. Two smooth dermal ridges across the palate in front
of the pharynx, the anterior much shorter than the posterior. Digits
not dilated. In all the known species the tympanum is hidden, the
first finger shorter than the second and the third toe longer than the
fifth.” (From Parker loc. cit.)
Kellogg, 1932, treating of the Mexican species of the genus, gives
only Hypopachus variolosus (Cope). He places H. oxyrhinus
Boulenger as a synonym of variolosus.
He lists the type of H. oxyrhinus in the British Museum; three
specimens in the U. 8. National Museum from Guadalajara and one
from Arriba, Costa Rica (the latter probably properly associated
with H. variolosus) and one from Ocatlan, Jalisco, in the American
Museum of Natural History. While recognizing H. cuneus Cope
as a legitimate species, he had seen no Mexican specimens of that
species.
Parker, 1934, records H. oxyrhinus as follows: The cotypes (2)
from Presidio de Mazatlan, Sinaloa; 1 specimen, San Salvador,
516 THe UNIversITy SCIENCE BULLETIN
Michoacan, 2,500 ft.; 1 specimen, Buena Vista, Michoacan, 2,000 ft.;
1 specimen, Cofradia, Michoacan, 700 ft. He lists a half-grown
specimen in the Mus. Vienna, from Coban, Vera Paz, Guatemala.
The material on which the present report is based consists of
more than 250 specimens of the genus and 6 species and subspecies
are recognized. The localities are scattered widely in the Republic.
No specimens are known from the northern or eastern two-thirds
of the plateau. On the plateau it is confined to the southwestern
region. It occurs in lowlands everywhere except to the northwest,
in northern Sinaloa and Sonora. The genus is unknown in Baja
California.
Groups of specimens from Chapala, and Zapotiltic Jalisco; and
Queseria, Colima; offer certain problems, and require further study.
A part of these from the west coast belong to H. oxyrhinus Boulen-
ger. I wish to acknowledge the aid of Mr. H. W. Parker of the
British Museum for his kindness in examining specimens.
Hypopachus cuneus cuneus Cope
(Plate LXII, fig. A; Plate LXIII, figs. 7, 7a)
Hypopachus cuneus Cope, U. 8. Nat. Mus. Bull., No. 34 1889, pp. 388-889, fig. 98 (type
description; type locality ‘‘San Diego in Nueces County,” Texas).
This species, originally discovered on the extreme northern border
of its known range, has been traced some distance into the eastern
coastal region of Mexico. The following specimens are present in
the collection: EHT-HMS Nos. 1094-1097, near Forlon, Tamaulipas,
Mexico, August 4, 1934; H. M. Smith-David Dunkle collectors.
These are the first recorded specimens from Mexico. Aside from
the Mexican specimens the following Texas specimens have been
available: EHT-HMS Nos. 1032-1033, 18 mi. S. E. Rio Grande
City, Texas, September 6, 1932, Taylor and Smith; K. U. Nos. 9886-
9891, San Diego, Duval county, Texas, July 3, 1930, Taylor; K. U.
No. 9885, Cameron county, Texas, July 3, 1930, Taylor.
This subspecies is distinguished by the almost complete loss of
the digital web on foot in both sexes; relatively shorter legs; small
hands and feet; absence of any clearly defined reticular pattern on
the ventral surface.
Tongue free for about half its length. Anterior dermal ridge
(fold) slightly curved; posterior ridge followed by parallel dermal
folds running longitudinally; on each side laterally, in older speci-
mens, these folds may begin on a level with the posterior edge of
the anterior ridge; choanae large, when seen from ventral view,
TAYLoR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 517
nearly two-thirds of the openings concealed by an overhanging shelf.
Male with vocal sac.
The coloration of the Mexican specimens is an indefinite olive.
The pattern on the back consists of an inverted V, on the shoulders;
the two sides of the latter then continue back parallel for a short
distance then diverge to the groin. This figure is outlined with a
series of more or less distinct, irregular black dots or spots; a row
of similar spots begins behind eye and continues to groin. The area
between this and the median pattern is a trifle lighter than color
within the figure. The groin has one or two irregular ocellated
darker spots which may extend on the proximal dorsal and anterior
face of femur as a continuous or broken stripe; femur, tibia and
foot each with bands or dots of black which tend to form a continu-
Measurements in mm. of Hypopachus cuneus cuneus Cope
MUSEU sasha athe ee cee Sic Sr ech aoe ae KU | EHT-| EHT-| FHT-| EHT-} EHT-| EHT
HMS | HMS| HMS| HMS| HMS| HMS
INUMber seh. tte aca ent cig et ce ene 9890 | 1032 | 1096 | 1095 | 1094 | 9885 | 1097
SI Gh Lee Nea ie eh ad A na sae tee eS AR Q ro rot co} 2 fof Q
PNOMb; LOuV eM Grery a ecie ecapetses Ne wee, 40.0 | 39.2 | 38.5 | 35.3 | 34.5 | 34.0 | 33.0
Snout tovoccipualitoldy. -aniecene eae ee Gaz 5.6 Bie il Bal 5.0 beZ 0.0
Head width at groove across jaws.......... 2 Om rh-0 9.2 9.7 9.4 9.8 8.6
ivreueng tlivavnctiuct cotersneen ee teeta Rie hse 4.2 3.6 3153 3.4 Byeiai) | Bie) 3.2
HVestoutlprOLanOU ters erie: ois teas ees ae 4.2 3D Se 3.4 3.35] 3.5 3.1
ene iMok snoutss to et vay kare vis vase Bra: loess) Ue PRG Ie ODS Oe salhe SORT |e ie
Snous: beyond mouthes.--=. soe s eee ne aly G 1.9 1.9 ih 1.8 2.0 1.9
Bivestosnosuril pace eRe te ee ien te eee 2.6 1.9 169 126, ule / 2.0 1.9
Wadi Of eyelids mses oe apes kl cteon Roars 3.0 2.4 Py sal 2.0 2.0 PA)'5) 220
Hnterorbitalswid th hei yo. 04 sain she cs ete 4.1 Sat orem | oH On| ees On|ieoe Odes
BITS LUT CT ayo, soc 5 ceckspekstans fice sae eae ZeDm |e eeeoe | Pea toe |e sor | renaoh 2 ei eos
Slevqavave lg Hayes) OB Saar et ae a a ee ee 5.0 3.8 31.83 gon Bar 4.2 34555)
pihindednrerscesme ce eS: hae nee 0 6.4 5.5 “xa 5.25] 5.8 5.4
ouMibe rears citer ach ee ee trek nt BA Ih So ON TAO eee) Perel PATE 35800)
Hand and longest finger....1.......-...2.. sibel alaleal 9.4 | 10.2 9.7 | 10.0 9.2
ATI Meee ate meree esa Stes peas Rates inthe mee 22.6 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 21.9 | 18.9 | 19.8 | 19.0
DY ears Bed tin 7 cee ae Oe ae ee ae a 46.2 | 46.0 | 43.2 | 46.0 | 41.2 | 43.0 | 42.3
Fovtsirommheeleers.. sac ck aes estos tc nae 20.8 | 20.3 | 19.2 | 21.0 | 19.0 | 19.2 | 19.3
HCMUE prereset ae a ae 142) | 148s |e osOUelomon | wane I L262) | 1230
Wabigh fears chops etter hse ep eee arene Boke as L220 U2 ee et Om own LOR 2 || L220) Welt
Axia toy sro sote Ae ean thee ocak 23.0 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 17.3 | 14.0
Heels separated when folded............... eG 1 1.3 tas 5 5) {.4
518 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
ous pattern when the limb is folded; the space between the bands
reddish or yellowish tan.
No. 1094 has a very fine light tan reticulum scarcely discernible
on ventral surface. The chin is powdered with cinnamon.
No. 1097 is yellowish-white with no trace of markings; arm with
traces of bands. The hair fine median line is present; in all there
is also a trace of a median line on chin and throat, and one beginning
above anus follows an irregular course back of the femur and tibia
on the heel. One specimen from Brownsville and one from San
Diego shows more lateral spotting which encroaches somewhat on
the abdomen; light line behind and below eye not black bordered
Hypopachus cuneus ngroreticulatus subsp. nov.
: (Plate LIX)
Type. EHT-HMS, No. 12605, adult female, Encarnacion, Cam-
peche, Mexico; collected by Hobart M. Smith, October 1, 1936.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS, Nos. 12594-12604, 12612, 12614-12655,
Encarnacion, Campeche, October 1-10, 1936; 12656-12674, 12675-
12690, Encarnacion, Campeche, October 11-14, 1936; 12606-16611,
Tres Brazos, Campeche, September 19, 1936; 12691, Pital, Cam-
peche, October 16, 1931; 12613 Chichen Itza, Yucatan, August 25,
1936—all collected by Hobart M. Smith.
Diagnosis. Related to Hypopachus cuneus cuneus, but differs in
having the markings on the throat of a different character from those
on abdomen; a heavy black reticulation covering abdominal region
and underside of limbs; sides of body black with yellow spots or
reticulations; dorsal surface of upper arm light, usually cream color
and dorsal part of femur with a light ground color, cream or pinkish
cream in life.
Description of the type. Snout narrow, pointed, its anterior out-
line oval when seen from above; canthal region rounded, the sides
of the snout slightly oblique, with a very slight depression in loreal
region; snout projects beyond the mouth nearly half its length; eye
large, 4mm. in length; length of snout, 2.3 mm.; eye to tip of snout,
3.9 mm.; eyelid, 2.1 mm.; interorbital width, 4mm.; snout to occipi-
tal fold, 5.6 mm.; tongue broad, rounded behind, free for more than
half its length. Palatal ridges distinct, the anterior shorter than
posterior, slightly curved; second higher, broader, transversely
longer than the preceding ridge; behind the second the derm is ar-
ranged in longitudinal, plicate folds, which at sides push forward
along the end of the second ridge; choanae large, but when viewed
TayLtor: HerrpPerotocicaL MIscELLANY 519
directly from below the overhanging ridge conceals three-fourths
of the openings; openings of the Eustacian tubes half as large as
choanae, placed opposite the posterior edge of the first dermal ridge;
fold across the occiput moderately distinct; fold across chin well
defined; fold on breast not distinguishable; a thickened fold from
eye to arm, bordered by a deep groove; this groove is intersected by
the one from the chin fold, which crosses the Jaw angle at a point
some distance behind the eye.
Arm moderately long, brought forward, the hand extends beyond
the snout; three well-developed palmar tubercles, the median extend-
ing more forward than other two, outer largest, inner smallest;
second and fourth fingers extend an equal distance forward, reaching
the anterior edge of the distal subarticular tubercle of the third
finger; first finger reaches only as far forward as the proximal
tubercle of the third finger.
Leg brought forward the inner metatarsal tubercle reaches at
least to the posterior corner of eye; when legs are folded at right
angles to the body the heels are separated by five millimeters; outer
metatarsal tubercle more than half as large as inner, narrowly sepa-
rated from inner; latter with its greatest length distinctly less than
length of the first toe, compressed, strongly elevated; outer tubercle
much less elevated; no web between digits (a trace only in males).
Color. Above nearly uniform lavender-brown, slightly more olive
in dorsolateral region; the dorsal pattern obsolete, evidenced only
by an H-shaped group of black dots above shoulders; a hair-fine line
from tip of snout to above anus; a dark stripe from tip of snout to
groin, broken more or less on sides; area on side of head below eye
slightly pigmented and a white or cream stripe present from eye to
insertion of arm; dorsal face of limbs light, remainder with dark
spots, stripes or reticulations; a group of spots on posterior part of
back and inguinal region; a rather large black inguinal spot; bars
on dorsal surface of legs represented by small black spots; under
surface of feet, except tips of toes, dark; chin dull lavender with a
very fine lighter reticulation; belly cream with a heavy black reticu-
lation; a hair-fine line from tip of chin to breast, and from its pos-
terior end two broader cream lines run forward to arm insertions.
Variations. Most of the differences observable are those due to
age. One or two very young specimens have the ventral reticulation
dim; in some specimens the typical (generic) dorsal pattern is rather
clearly defined and is outlined with darker. The dorsal ground color
varies through grays, gray-browns, lavenders, to reddish purple; the
520 THe UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
ventral color is whitish to cream; the ventral reticulation varies
from dark gray to deep black. The single specimen from Chichen
Itza, Yucatan, has the dorsal surface an immaculate, dark lavender
with a single groin spot; no dorsal limb markings; throat deep
lavender with fine lighter flecking; and the ventral reticulation of
the abdomen is very dim. Males have a vocal sac, and have small
tubercles scattered on dorsal surface of body and limbs; tubercles
also present on chin and on lateral edges of digits.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 43.4; snout length, 2,3; head
width, 13; head length, 11.3; arm, 23.1; leg, 49; tibia, 16; foot, 22.8.
Remarks. It is a surprising fact that more than ninety-five per-
cent of this large series of specimens are females; in the other species
of Hypopachus, I have from Mexico, the males strongly predominate.
Hypopachus ovis sp. nov.
(Plate LXII; fig. B)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 1050, adult male, collected at Tepic,
Nayarit, Mexico, July 31, 1934, by E. H. Taylor.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 1034-1049, 1051-1098, topotypes;
same data.
Diagnosis. A small species, known maximum size 36.5 mm., with
a dorsal pattern clearly defined; sides dark with small cream spots;
limb brought forward the inner metatarsal tubercle fails to reach
eye; males with toes one-fourth to one-fifth webbed, the web con-
tinued as a slight fringe on side of digits; width of eyelid about half
of interorbital distance; snout projects but little beyond mouth;
skin above roughly corrugated; males with fine, pearly tubercles on
dorsal and lateral surfaces, posterior face of leg, on chin and lateral
digital fringes. Venter grayish with dim, lighter spots.
Description of the type. Snout narrow, pointed, projecting some-
what beyond the mouth; canthal region rounded, lores oblique, with
a distinct depression between nostril and lower part of eye; line of
mouth does not reach as far posteriorly as the back of eye; snout
projects beyond mouth scarcely more than one-third its length; eye,
3.5 mm. long; snout, 2.9 mm.; eye to tip of snout, 3.1 mm.; eyelid,
2 mm. wide; interorbital width, 3.5 mm.; snout to occipital fold, 5
mm.; tongue elongate, free for half its length; anterior dermal ridge
on palate separated from posterior by 1.4 mm.,; posterior ridge wider
and transversely longer, followed by longitudinal plicae which push
up farther forward at ends of ridge; openings of eustachian tubes
round, about one-half the area of the choanae, which are elongate
and when viewed from below, are nearly half concealed by the over-
TayYLorR: HERPETOLOGICAL MIscELLANY 521
hanging shelf; openings of eustachian tubes are opposite the space
between dermal ridges; a strong dermal fold passes across head and
down to about lower level of eye then passes back to near insertion
of arm, the skin of the fold being much thickened laterally and
preceded by a groove; a vertical groove crosses near angle of jaws,
but cannot be traced across chin; no chinfold and no fold across
breast. Skin of breast and anterior abdominal region thickened,
into an abdominal glandular area (not so in females) ; skin of the
dorsal surface strongly rugose, the summits of the small pustules
each surmounted by a pearly tubercle on all dorsal surfaces, very
few on head; a few tubercles on chin and along the lateral edges of
digits; arm moderate, brought forward the hand extends beyond the
snout; three palmar callosities, the two outer largest, the median ex-
tending more forward than other two; fourth finger extends slightly
farther forward than the second, neither extends beyond the distal
tubercles of the third finger; inner metatarsal tubercles fail to
reach eye when leg is brought forward; metatarsal tubercles more or
less compressed, the length of the inner distinctly less than distance
between tubercle and end of first toe, longer than free part of first
toe; toes one-fifth to one-fourth webbed in males (less in females),
the web continued as a narrow fringe for some distance along the
sides of the digits, the edge surmounted by a row of spinelike tuber-
cles.
Coloration. Above brown with a median darker pattern edged
with black, beginning between eyes and extending back in a sym-
metrical pattern to posterior end of body; sides lavender-brown,
darker than adjoining region of the back, with small cream flecks;
lower on sides, larger, rounding, cream spots; femur and tibia
crossed by a black-edged stripe, continuous when leg is folded; arm
with some darker areas and a light area on the dorsal surface of
upper arm; chin grayish-black (males) ; abdomen, breast, and under
side of limbs with a reticulum of lavender pigment enclosing lighter
areas so sparse that the abdomen appears nearly white; posterior
face of femur and tibia, brown with cream spots; under surface of
hands and feet lavender, except tips of digits and the metatarsal
tubercles which are cream.
Variation. The large series is uniform in most structural charac-
ters and in size. There are slight differences in proportion as shown
in the table of measurements.
Remarks. The series was obtained at night in the environs of
Tepic in a small pasture. Most of the specimens were calling from
tiny puddles of water that had formed in hoofprints.
522 Tue Untversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
Measurements of Hypopachus ovis, sp. nov.
Museums). 3 .\2 rrr ee epee tae EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-
HMS | HMMS} HMS} HMS/} HMS|} HMS/ HMS| HMS
Number. Foci. eee eer COE 1057 | 1075 | 1059 | 1071 | 1073 | 1044 | 1070 | 1050
Sox . sree szrociscne eee umte sees rot rol 2 io fo ou g fol
Snout totventie Sieh. tro cee 36.5 | 36.5 | 36.0 | 35.5 | 35.0 | 34.5 | 31.0 | 35.0
Snout to occipital fold.............. 5.0 eDaid! 5.6 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.0
Head width at groove across jaw..... LOFON LOST WOL 10545) 10s 2a Ono 9.6 | 10.2
Byeileneth ace. mints eisai 3.6)|) S285] 3.8alh 232 | Sk8h SAG alone amore
Bye ‘to tip of snouts... os a ene» Si ep 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1
beneth of snout.oy.ieenitavte see ee a S2Oi «ZUG Ale ORO | eon OM | eer repel ete el | eno rt
Snout bevond mouth. «oe. sata 1.4 ih) eS 14: 6 1.4 1.4 1.0
Hye toinostriliecinc “oe ae cat wear 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 US ¢/ 1.9 16) 2.0
Width) chievelide sacs Sots LOM 220 1.9 1 1.9 ists Pemezale) |t 2250)
Interorbital width 2... syass ese 390) 420 1138. 8uli3.6rl) 399 a4 On aoa oRo
Wirstifinger> Mons ste eee 25 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.9 2-4 2.5
Second: finger 4}. or foe a eee 2.9 33483 3.6 BIA wigal 3.4 Sel ool
Third finger..... atte Ras 5.3 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.3 6.0 5.2 5.3
Rourthifinger 2 tbe eee eink Sal 335 el 3.0 3.2 Ssat5] 3.0 3.1
Hand and longest finger............ 9.2 |°,9.4 110.8 |-10.0°| 9.5 | 9/0) Srila sue
Arik pe pc afi d speakeasy eter y ee 21.0 | 19.0 | 20.3 | 20.0 | 21.0 | 19.2 | 18.5 | 20.0
| P| Arte NAPE che sit Pattee ha 39.8 | 42.0 | 42.2 | 39.0 | 40.3 | 41.0 | 38.2 | 39.0
100) Te Baten etO SrtA SEC ch eeette oceerre 16)-2))| 1823)e1820) | USeb 5 1905) to On eo) 0.0
ROMuUr. sei taee ee eee ee oe TALS iel2no LO ell dt. ONO On Als ORG
AXUIAttG roi: ccces cy hs Sees 18.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 20.0 20.0 | 14.0] 0.0
ENDS lace ate Ie eee eel Oi fags ae LS 2a On LOO Om ez) 9.8 0.0
Heels separated when folded. ....... 3.0 3.0 Deo 220 3.0 2.7 2.0 0.0
Hypopachus alboventer sp. noy.
(Plates LX, LXIIL; figs. 3, 3a)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 18615; eight miles east of Cuernavaca,
Mor. June 20, 1938. E. H. Taylor coll.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 6552-6555, km. 133, near Huajintlan
Mor. July 14, 1936; 18611-18614; 18616-18621, two to eight miles
north and east of Cuernavaca, June 17-20, 1938. E. H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. A medium sized species, maximum known length 44
mm. ( 9 ); males with a well-defined glandular region on breast ex-
tending onto abdominal region, the posterior border definite; absent
in females; toes nearly half webbed, in males the membranes some-
what excised, the toes bordered almost to tip with dermal fringes;
Taytor: HrrprerotocicAL MIscELLANY 523
female with toes about one-fourth webbed; length of inner tubercle
four-fifths of the inner toe; venter cream white without reticulation
or ocelli; dorsal pattern somewhat similar to H. ovis, but lacking
ventral markings with more web on feet in males. Limb brought
forward, tibiotarsal articulation reaches about to arm insertion, the
inner metatarsal tubercle fails to reach eye.
Description of type. Snout narrow, short, truncate, extending be-
yond line of mouth, the nostrils almost terminal; loreal region sloping
vertically; canthus rostralis indistinct rounding; length of eye (3.1
mm.) minutely longer than snout; diameter of nostril large con-
tained in its distance from eye about two and one-half times; width
of an eyelid (2.3 mm.) less than half of the interorbital width
(4.8 mm.) ; no trace of tympanum; a strong fold from corner of eye
to arm; another fold passes across jaw angle and across the throat;
line of mouth does not reach back as far as posterior corner of eye.
Tongue elongate, free for half its length, nearly as wide posteriorly
as anteriorly; anterior palatal ridge distinct, separated from the
larger posterior ridge by a distance equal to half its length; posterior
ridge higher, prominent, followed by regular plicae; choanae large,
at anterior end of buccal cavity, concealed almost completely by
upper jaw when seen from below; hand with large subarticular tu-
bercles; three palmar tubercles, that on base of first finger smallest,
median largest, placed farther forward than other two. Legs short,
the tibiotarsal articulation reaches to near arm insertion; when
folded at right angles to body, heels separated by from four to five
millimeters; toes about one-third webbed; the dermal fringes on toes
narrow, inconspicuous; subarticular tubercles rather small; no su-
pernumerary tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle very large, strongly
salient, the inner free edge somewhat compressed, the outline seen
in profile forms a half circle; outer metatarsal tubercle smaller, its
free edge pointing anteriorly, a little more than half size of inner and
separated from it by a space less than half its length.
Skin thick rugose; the pustules, small, distinct rather flattened
on back and sides, arms smooth; proximal part of the posterior face
of femur with fine pearly spines; a few on dorsal surface of tibia;
ventral face of femur with a few, large, flattened granules; a slight
fold behind eyes; head quite smooth; anterior face of femur and
tibia smooth.
Color. Deep purplish lavender above with a black edged, darker
area extending from behind eyes to back of body, widening gradu-
ally, the outer edges irregular; the black border of this area crosses
524 Tue University ScreNcE BULLETIN
the limbs, making a continuous line when limbs are folded; an in-
conspicuous inguinal, dark spot; chin and throat with a heavy pep-
pering of lavender-brown pigment; belly rather cream with a fine
peppering of pigment discernible under a lens; tips of digits and the
tubercles pure cream; heel, soles and palms purplish; posterior face
of femur lavender with some blackish reticulation; a very tiny white
line on fold back of mouth angle.
Measurements of type and paratype (No. 18619 3) in mm.
Snout to vent, 44, 37.8; snout length, 4, 3.2; width of head, 13.8, 13.4;
length of head, 9.8, 10; arm, 26.5, 22.5; leg, 50, 46; tibia, 15.8, 15.2;
foot, 25.2, 24.
Variation. The type series is constant for the general structural
characters; the dorsal marking may be more distinct than type or
almost obsolete; males differ in having a fairly well-defined thick-
ened glandular area on breast which exudes a viscous fluid that dries
into a rubberlike sheet. It probably serves to assist the male in
clasping the female. The feet of the males have much more webbing
and the dermal fringes are usually distinct to the narrow tips of
the toes. The edges of the digits are beset with minute spinules
of pearl color; a few scattered spinules on back, sides and venter;
those on posterior face of femur are absent; most of the specimens
have a deep purplish spot back of eye; the chin is bluish black in
males. The call is a rather high pitched bleat that is from two to
two and a half seconds in duration.
Remarks. This form may be separated from its congeners by the
greater webbing on the feet and absence of a reticulated or ocellated
pattern on venter. Specimens were obtained at night. Their call
suggests the call of a small lamb or kid. Often they would call from
the edges of pools where they had burrowed into the earth leaving
only small openings to the outside.
Hypopachus maculatus sp. nov.
(Plate LXII, figs. E, F; Plate LXIII, figs. 2, 2a)
Type. EHT-HMS No. 1023; near San Ricardo, Chiapas, Mexico,
September 2, 1935; E. H. Taylor and Hobart M. Smith colls.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 1016-1022; Asuncion, Chiapas, Mex-
ico, September 1, 1935, Hobart M. Smith and E. H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. Related to alboventer but differs in having the sides
and posterior part of body spotted with black; a fine median dorsal
line; a diagonal cream line behind the eye; body more elongate in
proportion to width; eye larger in proportion to length of snout.
TayLtor: HeprPrrotocicaAL MIscELLANY 5yA5)
Toes of males nearly one-third webbed; venter cream-white un-
spotted. Known maximum size, 41mm. ¢@.
Description of the type. Adult female; head width (11.6 mm.)
greater than length, (9.2 mm.); very heavy fold across head behind
eye, continued to arm; a groove crosses jaw angle and passes across
the throat; eye length (4mm.) greater than length of snout (2.9
mm.); width of an eyelid (2.2mm.) slightly more than half the
interorbital width (4.1mm.); choanae very large, not more than
half concealed by jaws when seen from below; tongue without pig-
ment (true also of alboventer). Anterior dermal palatal ridge twice
as long as its distance from the posterior; latter ridge followed by
dermal plicae; which also reach forward on each side of the ridge;
(vocal sacs in males).
Three palmar tubercles, the median largest extending forward be-
yond other two; subarticular tubercles large; no supernumerary
tubercles. When leg is brought forward the inner metatarsal tu-
bercle reaches. anterior corner of eye.
Toes less than one-fifth webbed, the web continued on sides of
toes as narrow dermal fringes (nearly one-third webbed in males) ;
inner metatarsal tubercle with a compressed edge, the outline not
semicircular, its greatest length a little longer than its distance to tip
of inner toe; outer metatarsal tubercle about half size of inner.
Skin with small pustules, not strongly defined (more so in some
paratypes) ; a few indistinct granules on posterior part of femurs;
male with minute spinules on pustules, on toe edges and on chin.
Color. Above purplish brown with an irregular row of spots from
eye along side to groin; some scattered darker areas on back, num-
erous spots on lumbar region and groin; a double, black line crosses
femur and tibia; arm faun with some small black spots; dorsal part
of femur faun; tibia lavender; posterior face of femur faun, heavily
spotted with black; below uniform cream (males with black throat) ;
lip ight lavender; a cream line from eye to foreleg.
Remarks. The series of measurements given of the type series,
show the variations in proportions; the photographs of the two
paratypes give the variations in markings.
The specimens were collected while Doctor Smith and I were en-
route to Tuxla Guterriez, from Tonola. About nightfall we arrived
at a small stream near Asuncidn, and finding it flooded, we were
forced to spend the night at that place. We utilized the delay to
good advantage obtaining the types of this species and good series
of several other species during the night.
526 THE UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Measurements of Hypopachus maculatus sp. nov.
Musenima S05 22a ok AS eae seen EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-| EHT-
HMS | HMS} HMS} HMS|} HMS]| HMS | HMS
Number: $2...5002 Ss Germ toe pean ere 1023 | 1016 | 1021 | 1017 | 1019 | 1018 | 1022
SOR. sieclac ba ksls netaeart oy oc repone ReeET Ses tee ete 2 (oy ol fol fol fo 9
Snout tonvents. coy pee eis oe 41.0 | 37.2 | 35.5 | 35.0 | 34.2 | 34.0 | 29.0
Snonttooccipitalifoldiniony-tenes.e seis ere 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.6
Heed width at groove across jaws.......... aa BCs | USC oN ho ba Ps ES eaters pealal a i ilo), 1 7.4
VO ENE CNet sie eer Vee erate, Morse, Ricsev aye eka 4.0-| 3.85) 3.01) (325) |) 3235| so onlanoee
HVE TONMP OL: SMOWE. cousin hi esclersee Sooo orale tenets 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3
Bene thy ofsnOu tite si ef sores eee A 259) |) 30) |53.05|) 2.35) 2 delee2. Onions
Snout extends beyond mouth.............. 1S 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5
Hve-to nostrils avsen heuer ee Peal 2.0 2.0 2.0 eat 2.0 See
Width of eyelid Cisco 40) toners sme nee BPA P| 220) UTA NEES teen betey |) al e'r¢
Interorbitali width) sme .ccm «tis cies 4.1 3.9 3.55} 3.6 3.9 3.3 3.1
Pirst inverse) fone ee eg eee 31S 3.0 3.0 Soe, 3.4 3t5(0) 2.4
Second ‘finger oo ska se eee oe ee eee 4.2 o.8 3.8 3.8 Ara 3.6 3.0
Phird finger’... Sips csveveie oe croc arent ce TO 462389) = 6561 4.06) G2 On| ime Oeoa iano)
Fourth finger: .je55 0-0-5 se een oe eee 3.9 3.6 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.7 2.9
Hand‘and longest finger... 2s. 6 chee AUPE? Is Oley tal fae a best OY) | el pa: Na no Kay The alCo) 623 8.0
dg 1 ECE Eee OL AeLC AER eI SN aS 24.8 | 22.0 | 21.8 | 23.3 | 21.5 } 21.3 | 19.6
LY ee eR ee aN CTL aE ae Rass ONE 52.0 | 47.0 | 46.0 | 45.0 | 47.0 | 47.0 | 31.0
1 Nove) ta MOOT Om IO. on a ace aaa te nea ee 21.8 | 22.0 | 21.3 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 21.5 | 15.2
FPOMMUE 8 7c. oalsFarctare tales Taygy eel a ase eee aE 16.2 | 14.5 |} 13.0 | 13.0 | 18.0 | 14.2 2
DIDIOA or thabetctlaners Sloue er cicicte eakene eae V4 212509) 1250) | Sst Nose La er230) ck
AxillattOlerouny, stetiniys ic evlcerita ete ete 19.0 | 20.0 | 18.2 | 19.0] 17.2 | 17-8 |) 15.0
Heels separated when folded.............. 4.3 4.0 3.1 2.8 3.8 3.4 2.0
Hypopachus caprimimus sp. nov.
(Plate LXI; Plate LXIII, figs. 1, 1a)
Type. EHT-HMS 18149, Agua del Obispo, Guerrero, in pine
forest; June 25, 1938. Taylor, coll.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS, Nos. 1024-1026, Balsas river at Mexcala;
1027, Garrapata; 1028, Organos; 1029-1030, Mazatlan, near Chil-
pancingo; 6556-6559, 18145-18148, 18150, 18159, Agua del Obispo,
near Rinc6én; 18142-18144, near Palo Blanco; 18151-18153, Buena
Vista; 18154, 18158, El Limoncito, near La Venta; all localities in
the state of Guerrero. Taylor, coll.
Diagnosis. A large species, the known maximum size ( 9 ) 51mm.
Related to oxyrhinus, but differs in a broader head; eye longer than
the snout (equal or less in oryrhinus) ; and a broad, dark purplish or
lord
TAYLOR: HPRPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 527
blackish stripe from snout to groin, continued on front of femur.
It differs from other forms in having the tongue pigmented, often
forming blackish areas or spots; toes one-fourth (or a little less)
webbed; a dark inguinal spot; venter cream with a deep, black-
brown reticulation.
Description of the type. Width of head (14mm.) much greater
than length (9.2 mm.); eye (4mm.) longer than snout (2.5 mm.) ;
width of an eyelid (2.4 mm.) less than half the interorbital distance
(4.1mm.); distance between eye and nostril (2mm.) greater than
distince between nostril and snout tip (1.2mm.); a fold back of
eyes crossing head and continuing back on side of neck to arm inser-
tion; a fold passing across angle of jaw and throat; angle of mouth
not extending back as far as eye; no trace of tympanum; tongue
elongate thick anteriorly, thin behind, feebly nicked posteriorly,
free for nearly half its length; pigment on tongue forming a large
dim, median area, terminating in two spots posteriorly; choanae
large, not more than half concealed by overhanging shelf from upper
jaw; anterior palatal ridge distinct, slightly curved; posterior ridge
higher, thicker, followed by plicate folds; openings of the vocal sacs
very distinct; arms rather long, the wrist reaching beyond snout;
first finger shorter than second; latter about equal to fourth; three
palmar tubercles, the median rather small (in paratypes, larger than
outer) and extending farther forward; edge of fingers with minute,
pearly spinules (wanting in females); leg short, the heels separated
(by 6mm.) when limbs are folded at right angles to body, heel
reaches to a point above arm, and the anterior edge of inner meta-
tarsal tubercle reaches to nostril; toes about one-fourth webbed, the
web continued somewhat as narrow dermal fringes; inner metatarsal
tubercle very large, its length minutely less than that of first toe, its
free outline forming a half circle; outer tubercle more than half the
size of inner, both tubercles compressed and with a free edge; skin
above minutely corrugated, without pustules or granules; very slight
evidence of granulation on sides; a few flattened, indistinct tubercles
below anus.
Color. Above lavender-brown, with an irregular series of streaks
and small spots of black forming diagonal line which connects with
a black inguinal spot; and which, when limb is folded, crosses femur,
tibia and foot as a broad, blackish band with a light line or spots
within its borders; a broad, black stripe from snout to groin and
along front face of femur, the upper edge clearly defined by a
lighter border; upper arm ‘cream above, dark anteriorly and pos-
528 THE UNIVERSITY ScreENCE BULLETIN
teriorly; forearm and hand spotted with purplish or black. Venter
bright cream, with a heavy, dark reticulation. Palms and soles
purplish, the tubercles cream; posterior face of femur black with
some lighter spots.
Measurements in mm. of type and large female (No. 18159).
Snout to vent, 42.5, 51; length of snout, 2.5, 3.4; eye, 4, 4.5; width
of head, 14, 14.8, length of head, 9.2, 10.3; arm, 26, 30.5; leg, 51.8,
58.5; tibia, 16, 18; foot, 28, 29.5.
Remarks. The diagnostic characters given separate this species
from other recognized species. The variation in shade of dorsal
coloration is great, ranging from a clay color and light brown to
purplish and from lavender to deep red. The call is a sustained
bleat.
Microhyla elegans (Boulenger)
Engystoma elegans Boulenger, Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the
collection of the British Museum, 2d Ed. 1882, p. 162 Type description; type locality ‘“‘Cor-
doba,”’ Veracruz, Mexico.
Gastrophryne elegans Kellogg, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 160, p. 183, 187.
Microhyla elegans Parker, A monograph of the frogs of the family Microhylidae, London,
1934, p. 126,144.
A single female specimen, EHT-HMS, No. 12692 ¢ was col-
lected by Doctor Smith in Tres Brazos, Campeche, September 19,
1936. Its size suggests a young animal as its snout to vent mea-
surement is only about one-half that of the largest known specimen.
Head rather pointed, strongly projecting (1.1 mm.) beyond
mouth; eye (1.6 mm.) in length of snout (2.1 mm.) 1.3 times; eye
to tip of snout, 2.56 mm. (in the type, the snout is twice the diameter
of the eye) ; eanthal region rounded, very slightly concave in front ~
of eye; a strong skin fold across head behind the eyes, which passes
down on side and is dimly traceable back toward the insertion of
the front leg, and from eye back it is bordered by a groove; a groove
crosses posterior part of jaws and is visible on sides of chin; nostril
much nearer tip of snout than eye; width of an upper eyelid (1 mm.)
in interorbital distance, 2.3 times. Tongue large, free behind for
nearly half its length; anterior dermal ridge slightly curved, sep-
arated laterally from raised, rounded areas by a narrow distance;
second ridge transverse, crenulate, behind which the derm is ar-
ranged in parallel longitudinal folds; openings of the Eustachian
tubes opposite the raised rounded areas, small, about one-third the
diameter of a choana; latter large, when observed from a ventral
view, more than two-thirds of the opening is concealed by an over-.
hanging shelf. (Males with a vocal sac.) Pupil of eye round.
Limbs well-developed, the arm reaches beyond the snout; the
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 529
hind leg brought forward along the sides of the body, the tibiotarsal
articulation reaches eye, the metatarsal tubercle reaches the tip of
snout; three flat, palmar tubercles on hand, the median extends
farther forward than the other two; fourth finger a little longer
than second, reaching the second outer subarticular tubercle; first
finger short, reaching anterior edge of the subarticular tubercle of
the second, tubercles only slightly raised. A slight, indistinct, inner
metatarsal tubercle; first toe reaches posterior edge of tubercle on
second toe; second toe reaches to anterior end of the proximal
tubercle of third toe; third toe to the distal tubercle of fourth; fifth
toe slender small, failing to reach the medial tubercle of fourth toe;
apparently no trace of web (a rudiment in males); when limbs are
bent at right angles to body, the heels touch.
Color and markings. Brownish lavender above; a stripe on side
of snout, and from behind eye, continues dimly to groin; an inguinal
black spot. A single, broad, black-edged stripe crosses femur, tibia
and heel. A triangular dark spot involves anus; an hourglass-
shaped dark spot begins near eyes and disappears near middle of
back; chin with a fine distribution of pigment enclosing small
irregular cream spots; belly cream or whitish, with a more or less
regular reticulum of dark pigment; a few darker spots on knees;
undersurface of hands and feet pigmented, including tubercles; a
light spot on tip of snout.
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 18; to arm, 7; axilla to
groin, 8.5; tip of snout to fold of head, 3.8; width of head to groove
on jaw, 5.1; arm, 9.8; leg from anus, 26.5; femur, 8; tibia, 8; foot
from heel, 13.
Remarks. This small species remains rare in collections. There
are three, including the type from Veracruz in the British Museum,
and a single specimen in the University of Michigan collected in
Guatemala.
Microhyla olivacea (Hallowell)
Engystoma olivaceum Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1856 (1857), p. 252
(type description; type locality probably Kansas, although not specifically stated).
Gastrophyrne olivacea Smith, Copeia, 1933, No. 4, p. 217. (Kansas, Oklahoma.)
Microhyla olivacea Parker, Monograph of the Microhylidae, 1934, pp. 148, 201.
This species is represented in the collection by a considerable
number of specimens as follows: EHT-HMS Nos. 1193-1196, two
to three miles east of Torredn, Coah., Mex., August 29, 1932, E. H.
Taylor-H. M. Smith colls.; Nos. 1226-1235, five miles north of Cone-
jos, Durango, Mexico, June 25, 1934, H. M. Smith and David
34—2181
530 THe UNIVERSITY ScIENCE BULLETIN
Dunkle; No. 1197, Zapata, Texas, U. 8. A., September 3, 1932, Tay-
lor and Smith; Nos. 1198-1218, 13 mi. 8. E. Rio Grande City, Texas
(Arroyo El Salado), September 6, 1932, Taylor & Smith; Nos. 1219-
1225, 3 mi. 8. E. Rio Grande City, September 3, 1932, Arroyo Los
Olmos, Taylor and Smith.
A few slight differences are in evidence between northern (Kansas)
specimens and southern (Mexican) forms, but these differences seem
to break down where large series are available. I can see no con-
stant differences between Texas specimens and those from Coahuila
and Durango.
Description of species. From EHT-HMS No. 1194, Torreon,
Coah., adult female. Head triangular; general habitus very stout
(female with eggs); eye small (2.4 mm.), shorter than snout (2.9
mm.) ; distance of eye from anterior tip of snout, 3.2 mm.; eye to
nostril, 1.9 mm.; eyelid (1.3 mm.) contained in interorbital width
(3 mm.) 2.3 times; snout to occipital fold 4.7 mm.; snout extends
beyond mouth 1.5 mm.; snout rounded, the canthus not distinct;
lores oblique with only a slightly concave region. The anterior
dermal fold on palate shorter than posterior and separated by a
distance about equal to the width of the anterior; openings of the
eustachian tubes small, less than a fifth as large as the very large
choanae; a line drawn between the openings of the eutachian tubes
passes anterior to the anterior dermal fold; more than half of
choanae visible when viewed directly from below; tongue large,
rounded a little in front, flattened behind, free for a little less than
half its length.
Skin smooth save for numerous tubercles on posterior face of
femora on either side of anal region; a curving fold crosses the head
and runs back to arm, the fold thickened laterally; a groove crossing
the angle of the jaw can be traced a short distance on chin.
Arm brought forward the hand extends beyond snout; palmar tu-
bercles large, flat; fourth finger longer than second; subarticular
tubercles large rounded; leg brought forward, the inner metatarsal
tubercle does not reach eye; when legs are folded at right angles the
heels touch (or sometimes slightly overlap) ; inner metatarsal tuber-
cle relatively small, its length contained about twice in its distance
from the tip of the first toe; toes not or but slightly flattened, no
lateral fringe or only a faint trace of a dermal fringe on toes; male
with a vocal sac.
Color. Above olive-brown in alcohol, usually more olive in life;
a few very small, darker, rounded spots on dorsal surface; the dor-
TAYLoR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 531
sal pattern, as such, is wanting; a few dark flecks arranged in an
- irregular row behind eye, and one between eyes; below immaculate;
very slight pigmentation under chin, some on under side of the feet
and hands, not visible save under a lens.
Variation. Males differ from females in having small pearl-colored
tubercles scattered on the back, eyelid, dorsal surface of tibia-fibula,
dorsal and posterior part of foot, on edges of fingers and a semi-
circular patch around the edge of lower jaw; occasionally a few
scattered ones back of the femur near anus—but never as numerous
or as prominent here as in females.
In color the markings vary from nearly uniform olive specimens
to specimens with still more numerous black spots than in the de-
scribed specimens. The colors range from gray to brown. One or
two specimens have a median dorsal dark pattern, bordered by the
darker spots. Males have a dark infusion on the chin, due to the
pigmentation of the vocal sac lining. In specimens of equal head-
body length there is some variation in size of foot and also slight
variation in the relative lengths of the fingers and toes. The largest
male specimen (No. 1234) from Conejos, Durango, has somewhat
more pigment on throat and breast and on the underside of hands
and feet; the toes seem slightly flattened and there is a faint indi-
cation of a web. Since the lining of the mouth is somewhat loose
the relation of the openings of the eustachian tubes and the dermal
folds varies somewhat.
Remarks. 'These specimens extend the known range into the states
of Coahuila and Durango, a distance of about three hundred miles.
Aside from the specimens already listed I am associating with this
species three specimens which may be specifically distinct from this
form. I collected the specimens, Nos. 1236 @ , 1238 9 , and 1237 2,
at Mazatlan, Sinaloa, July 20, 1934, at an elevation less than ten
meters above sea level. The specimens are dark brown, with an
irregular, more or less continuous dark line beginning a little behind
eye and continuing along the side for some distance beyond arm.
Anal region of female less papillate; eye a little smaller and snout
narrower and extending a little more beyond the mouth than in
equal-sized specimens from Durango and Texas.
The three specimens are small and indifferently preserved. I
have hesitated to describe the form as new without a more adequate
series of specimens. The largest specimen, a female, measures 25
mm. snout to vent, but is adult containing eggs; the largest male
measures 23 mm.
532 Tue UNIversITy SCIENCE BULLETIN
Leptotyphlops magnamaculata sp. nov.
Type. U.S. N. M. No. 54760, Utilla Id., Honduras., F. J. Dyer,
collector. (The specimen is a female containing two eggs.)
Diagnosis. A small, lined species (length, 167 mm.) with a large
cream spot involving much of rostral, edges of nasals and the pre-
frontal. Rostral but little less than half width of head, supraoculars
present, two labials; scales 14 rows; 233 dorsal scales; terminal scale
wedge-shaped.
Text Fic. 1. Leptotyphlops magnamaculata sp. nov. Type. USNM,
No. 54760; Utilla Island, Honduras. (> 11.)
Description of the type. Rostral large, a little less than half width
of snout, slightly narrowed between nostrils, extending back between
eyes but not reaching their posterior level; nasals separated by the
prefrontal, which is much smaller than the supraoculars; latter
widely separated from first labial, reaching to very near edge of
eye above; anterior parietal very broad, in contact with second
(last) labial; posterior parietal (occipital) wide, shghtly narrower
than the preceding, separated from the second labial by a single
scale; nasal completely divided, the superior nasal wider and longer
than inferior nasal, considerably narrower than the rostral at its
widest point; first labial small, not reaching as high as the inferior
nasal, reaching as high as eye but not level of pupil; the labial
border of first labial larger than that of inferior nasal; eye very
large, raised slightly, pupil distinct; the labial border of ocular
slightly less than second labial; ocular slightly narrower than the
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 533
rostral; four lower labials, last largest, completely concealed when
jaw is closed; six scales, as well as the median mental, which is
grooved but not divided, border upper labials when mouth is closed;
scales from rostral to tail spine about 233; scales under tail, 17;
head scales with minute rugosities; if epidermis is shed, these appear
as pits on scales.
Color. Color above, deep, dark brown, forming continuous lines; ~
below only slightly lighter brown, the edges of all scale rows lined
with creamy white. The four dorsal light lines are widest and run
from head to near tip of tail, each occupying space on edges of two
scale rows; the line between the fifth and sixth rows is almost obso-
lete and the brown coloration here forms a band nearly two scales
wide; the lines between the fifth and fourth and the fourth and third
scale rows are more pronounced than the preceding and are some-
what zig-zag; lines between third and second, second and first are
less contrasted. Head brown, with a prominent cream spot on snout
covering rostral, prefrontal (internasal) and parts of the upper
nasals. The lower part of ocular and the posterior upper labial have
an irregular cream area. Ventral edges of the rostral, nasal and first
labial, as well as the lower labials and chin are light with more or
less pigmentation. Tip of tail including about four transverse scale
rows, clear cream.
Measurements. Total length, 167 mm.; tail, 10.4mm.; width of
head, 2.5mm.; width of body, 3.7 mm.; tail length in total length,
16.7 times; diameter of body in total length, about 45 times.
Remarks. This species, related to phenops, is differentiated by
the size of the frontal cream spot and the lower number of ventrals;
the body is apparently wider in proportion to length and the rostral
is wider, and the terminal spine is somewhat vertically wedge-shaped.
I presume it is a derivative of phenops that has differentiated in
an island habitat.
Leptotyphlops rufidorsum sp. nov.
Type. U.S. N. M. No. 49998, Lima, Peru. Townsend, collector.
Diagnosis. A large (265 mm.) species lacking white or yellow
spots on snout and tip of tail, and lacking lineated dorsal markings.
Supraocular very large, in contact with (or narrowly separated
from) first labial. Two labials. Total dorsal scales, 268; 14 scale
rows. Tail in body length, 22 times; body width in length about
61 times. ;
Description of the type. Rostral broad, (1.85 mm.) slightly less
than one-half width of head (3.85 mm.), somewhat tongue- shaped,
534 Tue UNIverRSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
the sides widening slightly near the tip of snout, then gradually
narrowing to a blunt, rounding tip, behind, broadly in contact with
the internasal (prefrontal) and separated from the supraoculars;
prefrontal large, wider than long, smaller than the supraoculars;
latter elongate, diagonal, in contact with the first labial at about
level of eye pupil on right side (on left narrowly separated; [ab-
normally?]). Nasal completely divided, the widest point on the
nasals about equal to greatest width of the ocular; latter irregular
in shape, bordering the lip to a slightly lesser extent than the
second (last) labial; anterior parietal larger than the posterior,
broadly in contact with the second labial, from which the second
Text Fic. 2. Leptotyphlops rufidorsum sp. nov. Type.
USNM, No. 49993; Lima, Peru. (> 8.)
parietal is separated by a single scale; frontal smaller than either
prefrontal or interparietal; median scales following the interparietal
smaller than adjoining scales; four lower labials, the fourth largest
and completely concealed; when mouth is closed, six scales appear
to border the upper labials, the last three separated from the labial
border by the fourth labial. Scales in fourteen rows anterior to
anus; on tail ten rows. Anal large; first subcaudal much wider than
succeeding scales. Total dorsal scales from rostral to tail spine,
268; subeaudals 17.
Color in alcohol. The three median dorsal scale rows and the ad-
joining half rows on each side reddish-brown with only slight in-
dication of darker centers; remaining rows creamy white; the spine
is distinctly darker than remainder of tail (perhaps nearly black
in life).
Measurements in mm. Total length, 265; tail, 12; width of head,
3.85; width of body, 4.3.
Taytor: HerprrrotocicaL MisceELLANY 585
Remarks. The relationship of this species with other South
American forms is a bit uncertain. It is widely separated from
albifrons by absence of lineated pattern, terminal yellow spots and
about 78 more transverse scale rows; from goudoti in having the
nasal completely divided; from affinis by having the first labial rel-
atively narrow and in contact with the supraocular; from bilineata,
macrolepis, myopica and bressoni by having only two labial scales;
from humilis, dugesii and septemstriata in having supraoculars;
from bakewelli and phenops in the type of color and markings and
absence of contact between labial and supraocular; from dimidiata
it differs in having a large supraocular touching the labial; the tail
is contained in total length 22 instead of 14 times; from maximus
and dulcis by the very large supraocular and higher number of
scales; from borrichiana in having the supraocular touching the
first labial.
Text Fic. 3. Leptotyphlops nasalis sp.nov. Type. USNM.
No. 16184; Managua, Nicaragua. (> 12).
Leptotyphlops nasalis sp. nov.
Type. U.S. N. M-No. 16134, Managua, Nicaragua.
Diagnosis. A form lacking supraoculars, their space occupied by
the superior nasal rather than by the oculars; no prefrontal;
fourteen scale rows. Rostral elongate, reaching behind posterior
level of the eye; two labials present; dorsal scales, 253; tail, in total
length, 14.6 mm.; diameter of body in total length, 55 times.
Description of the type. Rostral but little more than one-third
width of head, tongue-shaped, narrowed a little between the nostrils,
extending back considerably behind posterior level of eye, in contact
with the frontal; nasal divided completely, the superior nasal greatly
536 THE UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
elongated, extending farther back than the rostral; superior nasal
somewhat narrower than the rostral, slightly narrower than the
ocular; anterior parietal very large, broadly in contact with the last
(second) labial; second parietal (occipital) narrower, separated
from the last labial by a single seale; only first pair touches the
frontal, which is as large as the interparietal; prefrontal wanting;
first labial narrow, reaching to lower level of eye but not as high as
the pupil, separated from the second labial by the ocular. The
labial border of the inferior nasal less than that of the first labial;
labial border of ocular much larger than that of preceding scales
but less than that of the second labial; four lower labials, the outer
largest, concealed (when mouth is closed, six scales border the
upper lips); eye distinct, rather large, more than half the width of
an ocular; eye and pupil distinct; about 253 scales from rostral to
terminal caudal spine; 21 scales under tail; 14 scales around body;
10 seales around tail.
Measurements. Snout to vent, 110 mm.; tail, 7.6 mm.; diameter
of body, 2 mm.; tail in total length, 14.6 mm.; diameter in length,
55 times.
Color in alcohol. Above light brown, the color lighter on the
ventral surface (may be discolored somewhat by preservation); a
small cream spot on rostral beginning near anterior end of snout, but
not reaching anterior level of eye. On the tail the spine alone is
cream.
In the dorsal coloration there is some slight segregation of the
pigment but trace of the lineation such as is present in bakewelli or
phenops is wanting.
Remarks. The curious elongation of the nasals, the absence of
supraoculars and a prefrontal, easily distinguish this species from
any of the other known species.
Leptotyphlops ater sp. nov.
Type. U.S. N.M. No. 79957, Managua, Nicaragua, H. C. Kellers,
collector.
Diagnosis. A medium-sized, heavily pigmented species, showing
no trace of dorsal lineation; large supraoculars present, widely sepa-
rated from the labial, broadly in contact with the rostral; two
labials; eye moderately distinct, rostral lacking trace of terminal
cream spot; terminal spine cream; fourteen scale rows; tail in total
length, about 18.9 times; width of body in total length, about 60
times; 259 scales snout to vent.
TayLtor: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 537
Description of the type. Snout rather truncate anteriorly; rostral
somewhat less than one-half width of head at widest point, the part
above rather tongue-shaped, extending distinctly behind the pos-
terior level of the eye, broadly in contact with the supraoculars;
prefrontal absent; frontal small, equal to interparietal, a little more
than half the size of the supraoculars; anterior parietal large, wider
than posterior parietals, broadly in contact with the last (second)
labial; the posterior parietal separated from labial by a single scale;
nasal completely divided, the lower part small, much narrower than
upper part; first labial barely reaching lower level of the eye which
is moderately distinct; part of rostral on under side of snout slightly
Text Fic. 4. Leptotyphlops ater sp. nov. Type. USNM,
No. 79947; Managua, Nicaragua. (9).
narrower near the nostrils; the labial border of the ocular a little
larger than that of last labial; the labial border of first labial small,
about equal to that of the inferior nasal; three lower labials on
right, four on left side; six scales border the upper labials when the
mouth is closed.
All the head scales have tiny rugosities which appear as pits when
epidermis is removed; scales in 14 rows to anus; 10 about tail; 259
dorsal scales between rostral and terminal spine; anal large, single;
17 subcaudals, the three rows under tail much widened; eye large,
moderately distinct.
Color in alcohol. Blackish-brown to blackish above; ventral sur-
faces a lighter brown, the terminal spine cream; scales bordering
mouth whitish, showing some unpigmented areas.
Measurements. Total length, 185 mm.; tail, 9.8 mm.; width of
body, 305 mm.; width of head, 2 mm.
538 Tue UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
Remarks. ‘This species is possible related to bakewelli, despite
the fact that it lacks a rostral cream spot and lineated markings on
body. The relation of the frontal and the supraoculars are similar
in the two species; the other Central American species having an
elongate rostral (Leptotyphlops nasalis) lacks the supraoculars and
the space occupied by the supraoculars is occupied by the superior
nasals. This species lacks the lineated markings.
Leptotyphlops dugesw (Bocourt)
Siagonodon dugesit Bocourt, Etude sur les reptiles, Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans
l’Amérique Central, Livr. 8, 1882, pp. 507, 508, pl. XXIX, fig. 9, 9a, 9b, 9c; and pl. XXX,
fig. 4 (type description; type locality, Colima, Mexico, A. Dugés collector).
This species has remained very rare in collections. Three speci-
mens in the U. 8. National Museum belong to this form: No. 26140
“Mexico,” A. Dugés; No. 48537, Guanajuato, A. Dugés; No. 49632
Talpa, Jalisco, Nelson and Goldman. The last specimen has been
badly dried and broken. The others are in a fair state of preserva-
tion, save that they are badly faded.
~
Text Fia. 5. Leptotyphlops dugesu Bocourt. USNM,
No. 26140; “Mexico.” (x 7).
The relationship of this form is probably with Leptotyphlops
humilis (Baird and Girard), but I am not prepared to admit that
the relation is subspecific. The total count of scales from rostral to
terminal plate is 231 and 244 in the specimens mentioned above;
there are 18 scales under the tail. In both cases the anal is entire
(divided in one of the two cotypes). The head is more truncate than
in humilis and the median scales following the rostral have straight
transverse edges. The prefrontal is much larger in dugesi.
Taytor: HerrprrrotocicaAL MIscELLANY 539
The coloration of the U. S. N. M. specimen is badly faded. Bo-
court says of the types, “Une teint d’um jaune roussatre, légerement
carminé, est répandue sur toutes les régions supérieures du corps.
Les parties inférieures sont d’un jaune rosé.”
Characters of the scales are indicated in the figure.
Synopsis oF AMERICAN LEPTOTYPHLOPIDAE
PE SHOU witheae Shan DMCLALSVeUSC VEC 2Gm ale nil s\ 7) stelopepe siete clinics ola cleneHelalelelisin o)ceke ove ® + + +. 2
Snout rounded in profile, no sharp. transverse edge.......-++.+-eceeeeesecrcees 3
2. Snout hooked; supraoculars present; total length, 180 mm.; tail in total length, about
26 times; diameter of body in total length, 50 times; pale brown above, white
below. Type locality, Cruz de Eje, Argentina.......... unguirostris (Boulenger),
Snout not hooked; supraoculars absent; total length, 185 mm.; tail in total length,
28; diameter of body in total length, 61; 5 dorsal scale rows light brown, borders
lighter; white ventrally and laterally. T. 1., Santa Rosa, Mendoza, Argentina,
borrichiana (Degerbol),
3. Four upper labials; ocular not bordering mouth; 110 mm.; tail in total length, 14
times; body diameter in total length, 36 times; yellowish, each dorsal scale with a
large, reddish-brown spot; yellowish dorsolateral line. T. 1., Martinique, Lesser
AMA ETITES Clie cadens ace sarercheda wel ancde seats heer aUe lace lich atarstamaoe aie sevavan sue~eile bilineata (Schlegel),
Messe ualiat OUEsUpPeEAbIAl sm <ctertos otek era beens wae tote edorenstar sta snseeti oe eiaieichs eteteers y= 4
APL ATee Up peLalabialsemetpraoculare spLlesumlimtie tego sit eememensrc ide vite teNafenalel 2 ajlevoreaalalie<(em\exs 5
AW OeUp Deal aia septenesic lat arsiccercuctet cele Rebar isle asus nautarstle) /aiGucken sh oneia seeney ches seioheaselencheleus 7
j-eeAntenonspaneral touches! thinde (ast) mleaplallccrnste ois css clever elcosresciere: Oievelele teittretetar sles si’a 6
Anterior parietal separated from third labial by a postocular scale; 240 dorsal scales;
265 mm.; tail in total length, 19.6 times; diameter in total length 53; purplish on
7 dorsal rows; dirty white below, with a lavender spot on each scale. T. 1., El
Sabino, Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico.............+--eeeeeeeees bressoni Taylor,
6. Second labial reaches level of eye; 208mm.; tail length in total length, (16)-20;
diameter of body in total length, 39-50; dorsal scales, 233-246; 7 dorsal scale
rows brownish or faun; below white. T. 1., Tampico, Mexico. Range, northern
Mexico! Ari zonaeto wCAnsas store tal cients choles ania ecarce etre erolalelcusneyels myopica (Garman),
Second labial does not reach eye; 290 mm.; tail in total length, 14-15; diameter in
total length, 41; dark brown above, each scale with a lighter border; lighter
beneath. T. 1., “Caracas; Puerto Cabello.’? Range, Venezuela,
macrolepis (Peters),
MPLA OCULATS AO SELiT te Nd ane cet eu ureter arctatee tebe cael eae Ne me lau silos ranch a le tera seek ete te dahairey Mlastedarsus 8
Supraoculars presen tis | cia crest ose bue es Ries tec Acy a serait snc tontno notte ayer taie eo eutelisieere 6 DIT «sie 13
Siu Nasal not reaching ‘posterior, level’ jot) eyes. c sawle «arcieeieleisidleG s)ctels ose (ohebeheligicrsine s/s 0 9
Nasals elongate, reaching back beyond posterior level of eye; cream spot on rostral;
rostral reaches to behind eyes; total dorsal scales, 253; total length, 110 mm. ;
tail in total length, 146; diameter in total length, 55. T. 1., Managua, Nicaragua,
nasalis sp. nov., 535
9. Seven dark or black dorsal lines on a yellowish ground; no terminal spine; 220
body scales; about 10 on tail; 280 mm.; tail in total length, 28; diameter in
length, 45. Known from Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. ..septem-striata (Schlegel),
ANG OLS IEC ese) at nialapy Benalla Boneln aUasa cheat ahons A srebe cal acaba otal@akel dole Pecaruc eben & ile el eared 10
LO wAVerareacdorsal scales COUNt! AD OVE 260 sisialaic ol edarolsieisieseelaveye one claietevsnchs lays weysiate ity etsy teers ial
PAVeraAv end Orn). sca] en Count ESS) than: 260 ssnrles aja screlaisle siele tele sie e2ehe pave altietebersuamiels © 12
11. Seven dorsal scale rows dark brown; lighter below; dorsal scales 263-281, average,
273; maximum length, 245 mm.; diameter in total length, 47-61; average 53.
Deady aValliecitasss Galifornides ic. «. eicielo access humilis humilis (Baird and Girard),
Very light brown; dorsal scales, 279-301; average, 289; diameter in total length,
49-61; average, 54; length, 337 mm. T. 1., Yaqui Well, San Diego county, Cali-
fornia. Range, California and Arizona..............+: humilis cahuilae Klauber,
540 Tue UNIversity ScIENCE BULLETIN
12.
13.
14.
15.
ile
18.
19.
20.
22.
23.
Light brown on 5 scale rows; 244-263 dorsal scales, average 252; diameter in total
length, 42-54; average, 46; length, about 300mm. T. 1., La Paz, Baja Cali-
fornia. Range, Cape region, Baja California............ humilis slevini Klauber,
Above reddish-yellow; below yellow rose; scales 231-244; under tail, 18; total length,
229 mm.; tail in length, 23; diameter in length, about 52. T. 1., Colima, Mexico,
dugesit (Bocourt),
Supraoculars very large, touching or narrowly separated from first labial.......... 14
Supraoculars small, widely separated from first labial..........0....-.e2eeceeeee 15
Three dorsal scale rows and adjoining half rows chestnut brown, without trace of
lines; no spot on snout or tail; white below and laterally; 265 mm.; dorsal scales
268; tail in total length, 22; diameter of body in total length, 61. T. 1., Lima,
POV Ul” oe eha le otra eave elaionetare eiatoyoyers oecele, ative /ecahakaderaeltterenetereueleretens rufidorsum sp. nov.,
Dorsally brown, with distinct light lines bordering edges of scale rows; venter light
brown, lighter anteriorly than posteriorly; a cream spot on snout and on tip of
tail; 175 mm.; total dorsal scales 218-229; tail in total length, 13-17; diameter
of body in length, 39-47. TT. 1., Kartabo, British Guiana....... tenella Klauber,
Body greatly attenuated; dorsal scales above 300; dim lighter lines present on dark-
brown color of dorsum; lighter brown below; 188 mm.; tail in body length, 17;
diameter of body in total length, 82; scales, 331. T. 1., Gran Tombes, northern
1224 ae IS GRA POR CMCOD DU) SERS cho on OOH oC ORD as subcrotilla Klauber,
Body ‘not ‘greatly ‘attenuated: ce crises care eter etal evars cil tetera’ ecseavet ioietee mens 16
First labial very large, its labial border greater than that of ocular; 205 mm.; tail
in length, 13; diameter in length, 51; brown above, each scale darker in center;
whitish below... ‘T. 1:,.Tachira, “Venezuela. t-.).ci1c sje ceie ewe ay affinis (Boulenger),
First labial small, its labial border much less than that of ocular............... iy
Nasal on’y partially divided*; eye large; 15 scale rows on body, 14 on tail; 145 mm.;
tail in total length, 25; diameter in length, 60; blackish, each scale edged with a
wide grayish border. T. i., Magdalena Valley, Columbia,
goudoti (Duméril and Bibron),
Nasal; completely: divided ico soto ne & citer wae ean orol e folinh ereccuar ere teheictetode Pate leer ae sate POE: 18
Tail with more than 20 subcaudals; no white lines; no spot on snout or tail; 9
dorsal rows nearly black; ventral color somewhat lighter; 183 mm.; tail in total
length, 11.8-14.1; diameter in total length, 54-59; dorsal scales, 255-263. T. 1.,
Watling Island; <Babama Islands. 2-0. elceisioe sis pee mene columbi Klauber,
Tail--with less: thany20' subcatdal\seales: -)2). -Bie site ons s helsieevasia dee teeiareretteameteiels 19
Rostral reaching behind the posterior level of eye; prefrontal absent; supraoculars
Father larger sf veteve.c ele: steve! sia ere ar oiae yale wid evokes ensue wes) aieveNeee te Penal chet arala cheba aie ah ateyereee 20
Rostral not reaching level of eye; prefrontal present...........00cccsccecvecos 21
Seven dark-brown stripes on seven dorsal scale rows separated by narrow lighter lines;
below whitish; cream spot on rostral and under tail; scales 240-255. T. 1., Paso
del Rio, Colima. Range, Colima to Guerrero, Tehudntepec (and south ?),
bakewelli Oliver,
Uniform plumbeous to black above, a little less dark below; no cream spot on rostral;
185 mm.; tail in length, 19; diameter in length, 60; dorsal scales 259. TT. 1.,
Mana gua, INicare mires tise. Gro veseeies ote ate cate aetie ea re atehoteralolns e miokeieterecs ater sp. nov.,
Body striped above with seven dark dorsal stripes; supraoculars larger than pre-
FON] +.) acsbbiarAagek sete ome stersiotons whekevaretn wi bar toh ata Oe re lowatake wil are ese hahenaee Ie a er 22
Body lacking stripes; prefrontal present; supraoculars not larger than prefrontal, 23
Rostral wide, the cream spot large, extending on adjoining scales; only spine on tail
eream; 167 mm.; scales, 233; tail in length, 14; diameter in length, 45. T. 1.,
Utilla, Island) Honduras), oc. cten severe hin vie erelate eine magnamaculata sp. nov.,
Rostral cream spot small; elongate spot under tail large, involving tip; scales,
242-256; average, 247; length, 135 mm.; tail in length, 16; diameter in length,
AGS) Te 1, “Tehudntepedin ini. Siechsrenetya erect ere le Seas ee ate ean phenops (Cope),
A quadrangular spot on snout; scales bordered with whitish; reddish-brown above;
pale below; without distinct lines; spot on tip of tail; 180 mm.; tail in total
length, 19; dorsal scales ? TT. 1., Environs of Para, Brazil... .albifrons (Wagler),
No quadrangular spot on isnoittins ais), c7eie werern hat ercin one oes ie ey rere evens car siic Tet ena ee 24
538
533
536
532
_ ™Boulenger, Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1893, p. 64, states ‘‘nasal semidivided; scales
in 14 rows.”
"oi
TayLtor: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 54]
24. Supraocular smaller than prefrontal, which is longer than wide; rostral reaches level of
eye; pale reddish-brown above, scales edged with white; 280 mm.; tail in length,
Taree idinmieter simu temp ili (ames LEZ Al chars cleus eieishtisisis\+elele/e =!ciele +0 0 dimidiata (Jan),
Supraocular usually Jarger than prefrontal................secececesscccccccurs 25
25. Nearly uniform brown above; no spot on rostral or tail; below white; 226 mm.; tail
in length, 17.4-22.4; dorsal scales, 231-252. T. 1., between San Pedro and
Gomuneches springs hexag racvesreis cis cieteicwenenersrersisie.sisrstele dulcis (Baird and Girard),
Uniform plumbeous above, with white tail tip; below white; 300 mm.; tail in total
length, 18-25; diameter in total length, 37-43; dorsal scales, 220-221. T. 1.,
Whilpancineos| GUeLLELOs IVLCKICO Jays; sire cielo cleishslieatayerclstal olelcie cles) maxima Loveridge,
Phyllodactylus lanet Smith
Phyllodactylus lanet Smith, Univ. Kansas, Sci. Bull., XXII, No. 6, April 15, 1935, text
fig. 13; Plate XXV, fig. 3, (type description; type locality, near Tierra Colorado, Guerrero
Mexico).
Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Mosauer, Copeia No. 3, November 15, 1936, pp. 144-146
(part.).
ot
cz
=i
=
~—
fe
ee,
que
ve
ws
ESS
see
FP
>
<
e
Sr
Sens
BE
@,
=
=e
a
fe
eS
= @s:
xs
ON
C3
Cy
<:
ew
(>
Text Fic. 6. Phyllodactylus lanei Smith. Showing
arrangement of tubercles (granular scales on body are
depicted too small). (Much enlarged.)
Certain specimens in the collection referred to P. lanei by Smith
proved to belong to a different species. Smith (loc. cit. p. 128)
notes the difference in these specimens from typical lanei. The
specimens in question are 1181-1183 Organos, Guerrero; 1499-1501
542 Tue UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
from Agua del Obispo, Guerrero, and 534, 535 and 741 from Mazat-
lan, Sinaloa.
Smith obtained a series from Hda. El Sabino, Uruapan, Michoa-
can, which I refer to P. lanet (EHT-HMS Nos. 10877, 10943-10994).
This lot is especially uniform as regards significant characters. Each
of the paired chinshields is in contact with two labials (in 99 out of
102 times). Counts on the number of scales between the middle of
the orbits (not at narrowest point between orbits as counted by
Smith) showing the following: The number 12 occurs in three speci-
mens; 13 in thirteen specimens; 14 in twenty-three specimens; 15
in fourteen specimens; and 16 in three. Between the orbital edge
and edge of eyelid there are usually three rows of granules and the
palpebral row bordering the edge. In about 62 percent of the speci-
mens there is an enlarged scute directly above the orbit. In other
specimens the scale may be present on one side only or absent on
both sides.
I obtained a series of this form in Guerrero in 1936 at the follow-
ing localities: 11034, 11010, 11014, El Treinte; 10998, 10999, 11001-
11006 near Palo Blanco; 11068 Tierra Colorado; 11012-11013 Puerto
Crucita, north of Acapulco; in 1938, Nos. 16315-16316, Pie de la
Cuesta, and 16317 near Xaltinanguis. These specimens do not
show any appreciable departure from limits described by Smith for
the species, when the specimens mentioned above are excluded.
Phyllodactylus delcampi Mosauer
Phyllodactylus delcampi Mosauer, Copeia, No. 3, November 15, 1936, pp. 141-144, figs. 1-6
(type locality, Tierra Colorado, Guerrero).
This species may be easily differentiated by the absence of en-
larged tubercles on the tail and on the dorsal and posterior surface
of the femur; by the large size, with very small dorsal tubercles;
and by the transverse dark or black bands on the body. The upper
eyelid is apparently more ample than in the other known Mexican
species of Phyllodactylus, and the pigmentation of the venter is
usually somewhat more dense.
Six specimens (EHT-HMS, Nos. 18956-18961) were obtained at
the type locality in 1938. Five of these were collected at night and
are very much lighter than the types. One, No. 18959, preserved in
the daytime is equally as dark as the type. The number of scales
between middle of orbits (not counting eyelid scales) is 20-24. Five
scale rows form a whorl on tail, the posterior series a little larger
usually than the other four. In two cases the postmentals are sepa-
rated by the mental, in four they are together. In four cases eight
Taytor: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 543
scales follow the postmental, in two five. In two cases the post-
mentals each touch one labial; in two cases they touch two; in two,
on one side, they touch one, while on the other they touch two.
Usually there are twelve to fifteen scale rows between the ventral
scales and outer row of tubercles. Anteriorly on the body the tuber-
cles are in seven rows on each side, while posteriorly there are five
rows on each side. :
I have examined the types.
Phyllodactylus homolepidurus Smith
Phyllodactylus homolepidurus Smith, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., XXII, No. 6, April 15, 1935,
text fig. 1A and plate XXV, fig. 2 (type description; type locality five miles southwest of
Hermosillo, Sonora).
No new specimens of this species have been collected. This form
may be distinguished from the southern P. lanei by the very small
pair of slightly enlarged scales on each tail segment, often so small
as to be indistinguishable (as is true in the type) ; in the large num-
ber of scales between orbits (counted between the middle of orbit
rather than the narrowest point) ; in the fact that chinshields usually
touch only one labial; in the lack of the enlarged scales on orbital
border; in the greatly reduced number and size of enlarged tubercles
on dorsal part of the femur or their total absence.
The number of scales between the orbits varies between 19-24, the
numbers 20, 21, 22 being equally common, the other counts are repre-
sented by one or two examples each; the tubercles on the dorsal part
of the body are smaller and less salient than in P. lanei, and it is
a somewhat smaller species.
From muralis it differs in coloration and markings; in having
smaller, less conspicuous tubercles on the back; in the greatly re-
duced number or absence of small tubercles on the dorsal side of the
femur. The tail is never so plump, and the scales do not form such
distinct regular rows on the tail segments. It is a somewhat larger
species.
Phyllodactylus muralis sp. nov.
Type. EHT-HMS No. 10902, near Totolapam, Oaxaca, August
7, 1935; H. M. Smith.
Paratypes. EHT-HMS Nos. 10883-10901, 10993-10939, August
6-7, 1935, Totolapam, Oaxaca, H. M. Smith collector; 11046, San
Geronimo, Oaxaca, August 22, 1935, E. H. Taylor.
Diagnosis. A rather small species, the postmental normally in
contact with the first lower labial only; the scales following the
postmentals slightly enlarged, irregular; the flattened scales of the
544 THE UNIversity ScreENCcE BULLETIN
ventral part of the thigh reach the dorsal surface of thigh where
there is usually a row of somewhat enlarged, rather inconspicuous,
trihedral scales bordering them; posterior and posterodorsal surface
of thigh without enlarged tubercles; dorsal surface of forearm
covered with small scales intermixed with numerous, large, trihedral
tubercles; 14 rows of large dorsal tubercles, outer rows short; 20-26
scales, average about 24, between middle of eyes (not counting
scales on eyelids) ; 26-33 (average 31) scales in a row across snout
between the middle of third labials; enlarged scales on snout ex-
tending slightly back of the anterior level of the eyes; very small,
rounded or conical tubercles intermingled with small tubercular
scales of the occiput; three or four large, closely juxtaposed postanal
tubercles; tail slightly constricted at base, covered with transverse
rows of small scales, rounded behind; annulations on tail distinctly
marked, each annulus consisting of four or five scale rows, the
posterior row with two enlarged, median, trihedral tubercles; maxi-
mum snout-to-vent length about 60 millimeters.
Description of type. Head moderately flat, somewhat wedge-
shaped viewed laterally; a slight constriction in outline of head,
as seen from above, just below orbits; a slight frontonasal depres-
sion; lores somewhat concave; interorbital scales about 26 between
middle of eyes, 14 between anterior corners of orbits (in neither
case counting scales on eyelids of which there are three small rows
and the larger, irregular, palpebrals which become spinose pos-
teriorly) ; about twelve scales in loreal region between orbital de-
pression and nostril; scales bordering labials flat, imbricating; about
28 scales across snout between the third labials; rostral twice as
wide as high, with a short, median, posterior groove or suture,
bordered by a pair of supranasals, the nostril and first labial pe«-
teriorly; nostril bordered by rostral, first labial, internasal and two
small postnasal scales; five upper labials to a point below micdle
of eye, diminishing in size posteriorly; here the mouth curves up-
ward and there follow three or four small labial scales, only slightly
larger than the surrounding scales; upper labial scales folded around
the upper jaw, forming a somewhat flattened platform around edge
of snout seen from above; five lower labials to a point slightly be-
yond middle of eye, anterior three very large, as wide as long,
diminishing in size posteriorly; greatest width of mental only a
little less than its greatest length, its labial border greater than that
of rostral; a pair of large postmental scales, each touching the first
labial only; a single enlarged medial scale about one-third size of
the postmental follows with three or four other scales likewise
TAYLOR: HIERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY HAD
bordering the postmentals, scarcely larger than those of the adjoin-
ing row, which is scarcely distinguishable from the rows of seales
on throat; scale rows bordering posterior part of Jaw larger than
scales in middle of chin between them.
A few small, scattered tubercles begin on head between posterior
part of eves and become somewhat larger on occiput; a few or no
tubercles in area between lower half of ear and eye; ear opening
diagonally placed, its distance from closest point of eye equals
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Text Fic. 7. Phyllodactylus muralis sp. nov.
10902; Totolapam, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Type. EHT-HMS, No.
(Mueh enlarged.)
distance from eye to nestril; fourteen rows of trihedral tubercles
on body, the two median rows and adjoining rows smallest, the
median tubercles separated by about 5 granules anteriorly and by
8 or 10 granules on base of tail; tubercles on sides higher, and wider
in proportion to length, than those of the median rows; upper arm
with rather large, flat, imbricating scales on upper and anterior face
while those behind and below are granular; forearm granular, with
enlarged tubercles on upper and posterior sides, while below and on
35—2181
546 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
anterior face the scales are flat, imbricating. Seales on ventral sur-
face of leg large, cycloid, imbricated, covering anterior surface of
thigh to its highest dorsal point where the scales are bordered by
an irregular row of small trihedral tubercles; posterior face of femur
and postero-ventral surface finely granular; upper surface of lower
part of leg granular, with enlarged trihedral tubercles; on lower
surface scales large, evcloid, imbricating; a ventrolateral fold more
or less evident; 30 rows of flat, imbricating scales across abdomen;
cloacal lip behind anus barely visible, not forming a posterior scale-
like expansion; openings of cloacal pores prominent; 3, 4 prominent
tubercles at sides of base of tail; cloacal bone strongly curved as
shown in Smith (1935, text fig. B.); the upper tip is more pointed
and the posterior part less widened and more rounded; scales under
tail irregular, some widened, all much larger than on dorsal surface.
Terminal ventral lamella under fingers and toes longer than wide;
the under surface of digits with broad transverse lamella-lke seales,
the distal one divided, occasionally the two distal; 7, 8, 11, 11, 8
is the lamellar formula for hand (not counting large terminal
lamellae) ; for foot, 7, 10, 12, 11, 12.
Coloration. The specimen is nearly uniform gray without spots
or color pattern in evidence; lighter, dirty whitish below.
Measurements (in mm.) and scale data on Phyllodactylus muralis sp. nov.
Number. . ras Aes che hemeeges ode arene | LOOMO 10926 | 10899 | 10922 | 10902
|
Sex .. i et on ee oP 1) son i) Sota umes
Snout to vent. a entnsosee eer ae,| £0.6 (0.3 5820) ih OKO 55.2
Snout to orbit ae avers ee ToT, aces ee | 655 Groen (Jar | 6.0
Snout to ear. ; Sage a8 15.4 emo) 15.0 1472 | 13.4
Snout to arm : , 22.9 22.0 | 2250 22.0 21.0
Axilla to groin : : SOROle|| 20ri | 28.0 Aiea |) 242).-(0)
|
Interorbital width. .. 5.0 5.5 | aoe | 5.0 | 4.6
Head length.... sae se 19.0 | 18.0 17.0 | 16.0 | 16.0
Head width... . (22g) e228 4) nO | 1100 | mero
Arm... 21 0 20.0 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 18.0
bageh eae Ee lsec es Onn 4a 22.4 | 22.9 | 29.9
Dorsal rows of tubercles. . sa |) SOME 9) TER I “7am Sree een
Scales between middle of orbital edges........ 23.0 P30) 9 |) PLajAO) I) PZAO |) P2520)
Enlarged cycloid scales across abdomen, max... | 28.0 | 31.0 | 27.0 26.0 30.0
Scales between fourth labials across snout. . il(o) || aial{0) 33.0 Py |) Bh. 0)
Scales from orbit to nostril.i>....5..:...+-.->-.| wend 12-14 13.0 14 0 16 0
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 547
Variation. The normal expectation is for each chinshield to touch
one labial only (90 times, one, 23 times, two). Frequently the con-
tact with two labials occurs on one side only. The scales bordering
the chinshields are not greatly enlarged; however, there is a single
median scale or a pair of median scales that are larger than the rest.
The total number varies between six and nine, six occuring three
times; seven, seventeen times; eight, thirty-two times; and nine,
seven times. The occipital region is covered with granules similar
to those on the back, with larger, rounded seales intermingled with
them. The tail is constricted, rather distinctly at the base, more so
in females than in males. The seales on the dorsal part of the upper
arm are cycloid, imbricating, though somewhat thickened, in fe-
males; in males the seales are more or less trihedral and raised.
The tubercles are very slightly larger in males. A few specimens
show dorsal spots arranged in indefinite rows. A more or less defi-
nite line extends from the snout to the forearm along the side of the
head. The tails are broken in every specimen, suggesting that this
member is extremely fragile. The tails at the base are somewhat
brownish with indefinite darker spots. In some specimens the pairs
of enlarged scales on the tail are less strongly differentiated from
the other scales of the tail than in the type.
Remarks. Most of the specimens were taken on walls at twilight
and after dark. The specimens of the species are very numerous at
Totolapam.
In the reduction of the enlarged scales on the tail and the pos-
terior part of the femur this form approaches homolepidurus more
than it does lanez.
Phyllodactylus magnatuberculatus sp. nov.
Type. EHT-HMS No. 10995, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, Oc-
tober 10, 1936, H. M. Smith.
Diagnosis. Characterized by very large heavy tubercles on dorsal
surface in 14 rows, the outer rows smaller; scales between middle of
orbits 17; scales of occiput as large generally as those between eyes
with slightly larger scales intermingled on the temporal and occipi-
tal regions bordering the keeled or trihedral tubercles, all smaller
than those on back. Those on nuchal region larger, but likewise
smaller than those on back; larger trihedral scales on dorsal surface
of femur intermixed with small, unequal-sized granules, the im-
bricate scales confined to anterior faces of femur; dorsal surface of
upper arm with heavy trihedral tubercles placed closely together;
548 Tue UnNtversity ScieNcE BULLETIN
a pair of chinshields broadly in contact with two labials, and in turn
bordered behind by four scales, the two median largest forming
transverse sutures with the paired chinshields; base of tail with six
heavy tubercles on first annules. Scales bordering anterior part of
ear cavity, large, triangular, pointed.
Description of the type. Head moderately deep, its greatest length
(20mm.) is 1.5 times the greatest width (13.3 mm.); snout from
orbit, 8mm.; ten large scales between orbit and nostril; twenty-five
scales across snout between the fourth labials; scales on snout rather
large anteriorly, rounded, low, while in front of orbits, bordering a
median elongate depression the scales are compressed conical, or
somewhat trihedral; rostral nearly twice as wide as high; a single
pair of internasals their suture with rostral, anterior to level of nos-
trils; nostril surrounded by rostral, first labial, an internasal and
two postnasals, the upper largest; evelid covered with three rows of
granular scales and an outer row of superciliaries, anteriorly en-
larged, flat, quadrangular, posteriorly strongly spinose; about seven
enlarged upper labials, posterior small the suture between the sixth
and seventh directly below the vertical pupil; five lower labials to
the middle of eve followed by about three shghtly enlarged scales;
a few enlarged tubercles border the minute labials near angle of
mouth. Mental elongate its labial width a little more than four-
fifths of its length (3.5 x 4.15 mm.) ; chinshields in contact for about
one-third their length; scales following chinshields are symmetrical
forming straight transverse sutures with chinshields, each separated
from labial by one scale.
A lateral fold present which is thickened with fatty tissue; gran-
ules on back between tubercles much smaller than (one-third) size
of scales on occiput; scales on anterior surface of upper arm en-
larged and thickened, gradually becoming trihedral or pyramidal on
the dorsal surface, with a few small granules between them; fore-
arm granular dorsally with trihedral or pyramidal tubercles; scales
on anterior surface of arm larger, imbricating, on ventral surface
small granular; scales on ventral surface of abdomen, cycloid,
juxtaposed, showing some denticulation on posterior edges; ventral
and anterior face of leg with cycloid, imbricating scales; dorsal and
posterior face with granular scales; dorsal surface of femur with
about 12 large conical or trihedral tubercles; femur and foot (to a
lesser extent) with strong trihedral tubercles; terminal lamellae of
digits widened and elongated the outer anterior edges angular rather
than rounded; a pair of scales at base of the widened terminal
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 549
lamellae; under toes and fingers the lamellae may be single or
paired, sometimes divided in three; claws retractile in a sheath above
terminal lamellae; reproduced tail broken, but the basal segment
has three heavy tubercles on each side of the first annulus.
Color in alcohol. Above yellowish-gray with a scattering of pig-
ment; a few elongate dim spots visible along the back near median
line; below immaculate vellow (under strong lens some pigment can
be discerned).
Measurements in mm. Snout to vent, 66; snout to ear, 17.3; snout
to arm, 26.5; axilla to groin, 30; arm, 20; leg, 24; head length, 20;
head width, 13.3.
Relationship. The closest relationship appears to be with Phyl-
lodactylus lanei from which it differs chiefly in the larger tubercula-
tion of the back, the heavier tubercles of the upper arm, proportion-
ally thicker head and the vellow coloration.
5d0 THE UNIversiIty ScreENCE BULLETIN
PLATE LIII
lic. 1. Buto mazallanensis sp. nov. Type. EKHT-HMS, No. 374; Mazatlan.
Sinaloa. Enlarged.
Tia. 2. Bufo valliceps Wiegmann.
Tamaulipas. Enlarged.
Fic. 38. Bufo gemmifer sp. nov. Type.
Cruerrero.
Fic. 3a. Same.
Fic. 3b. Same. Ventral view of foot. Enlarged.
EHT-HMS, No. 596; La Clementina,
EHT-HMS, No. 18509; La Venta
Ventral view of hand. Enlarged.
TayLor: HerrrerotocicAL MiIscELLANY 551
PLATE LIIl
552 Tue University ScrenceE BULLETIN
PLATE LIV
Bufo mazatlanensis sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 374; Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
TAYLOR:
HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY
PEATE, Vv
D4 Tne Universiry ScreENcE BULLETIN
PLATE LV
Fig. 1, la, lb. Tomodactylus angustidigitorum sp.nov. Type. KHT-HMS,
No. 18640; Quiroga. Michoacan.
Fic. 2, 2a, 2b. Tomodactylus macrotympanum sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMSs.
No. 6858: South of Jaeala, Hidalgo.
‘TAYLOR:
HERPETOLOGICAL NMUISCELLANY
PLATE LV
556 THe UnNIversiry ScreNcE BULLETIN
PLAGE LVI
Fic. A. Microbatrachylus albolabris sp. nov. Paratypes. EHT-HMS, No.
6407 A; near Cordoba, Veracruz. (14 mm.)
Fic. B. Same. EHT-HMS. No. 6408; Mazatlin, Guerrero. (18 mm.)
Fic. C. Microbatrachylus minimus sp. nov. Paratype. EHT-HMS, No.
6411; Agua del Obispo, Guerrero. (14 mm.)
Fic. D. Same Type. EHT-HMS, No. 6416; Agua del Obispo, Guerrero.
(15 mm.)
TAYLOR:
HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY
PACE, TEV
Aa |
558 Tue UNIverRSsITY SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE LVII
Hyla melanomma sp. nov. Type. EHT-HMS, No. 21578; seven miles east
Y } Y}
of Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY
TAYLOR:
? LVII
4
PLATI
LEPTIN enna rere ym
+
560 Tue University SclENCE BULLETIN
PLATE LVIII
Hyla forbesi sp. nov. Type. KHT-HMS, No. 22276; near Acultzingo, Vera-
(TUZ.
TAYLOR: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 561
PLATE LVIII
36—2181
562 THe UNIversity Scrence BULLETIN
PLATE LIX
Hypopachus cuneus nigroreticulatus subsp. nov. Type and paratypes. About
natural size.
Fic. A. Type, 9, EHT-HMS, No. 12605. Enearnacién. Campeche.
Fic. B. Paratype, ¢, EHT-HMS, No. 12652. Topotype.
Fic. C. Paratype, 9, EHT-HMS, No. 12650. Topotype.
Fig. D. Paratype, 29, EHT-HMS, No. 12656. Topotype.
Fic. E. Paratype, 9, EHT-HMS, No. 12655. Topotype.
Taytor: HeErRPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 563
PLATE LIX
564 THe University ScieENcE BULLETIN
PLATE LX
Hypopachus alboventer sp. nov. Paratypes. Dorsal and ventral views.
(About natural size.)
Fic. 1, la., EHT-HMS, No. 6552, Huajintlan, Morelos.
Fic. 2, 2a. EHT-HMS, No. 6553, Huajintlan, Morelos.
Fic. 3, 3a. EHT-HMS, No. 6554, Huayjintlan, Morelos.
Taytor: HerperouvogicaAL MIscELLANY 565
PLATE LX
566 THE UNIvEerRsiITy ScreENcE BULLETIN
PLATE LXI
Hypopachus caprimimus sp. noy. Paratypes.
Fic. A. EHT-HMS, No. 6560; Agua del Obispo, near Rincon, Guerrero.
(Length, 48 mm.)
Fic. B. EHT-HMS, No. 6562; Agua del Obispo, near Rincon, Guerrero.
(Length, 42 mm.)
Taytor: HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 567
PLATE LX]
568 Tue University ScreENcE BULLETIN
PLATE LXII
Fic. A. Hypopachus cuneus cuneus Cope. EHT-HMS, No. 1095; Forlon,
Tamaulipas.
Fic. B. Same. EHT-HMS, No. 1096; Forlon, Tamaulipas.
Fic. C. Hypopachus ovis sp. nov. Paratype. EKHT-HMS, No. 1041; Tepic,
Nayarit.
Fic. D. Same. EHT-HMS, No. 1046; Tepic, Nayarit.
Fie. E. Hypopachus maculatus, sp. nov. Paratype. EHT-HMS, No. 1018;
Asuncion, Chiapas.
Fic. F. Same. EHT-HMS, No. 1017; Asuncion, Chiapas.
TayLor: HerrPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY 569
PLATE LXII
7 THe UNIversiIty SCIENCE BULLETIN
PLATE LXIII
Fig. 1, la. Hypopachus caprimimus sp. nov. Paratype.
6556: Agua del Obispo, Guerrero.
Fic. 2, 2a. Hypopachus maculatus sp. noy. Paratype.
1016; Asuncién Chiapas.
Fic. 3, 3a. Hypopachus alboventer sp. nov. Paratype.
6553; Huajintlin, Morelos.
EHT-HMS, No.
EHT-HMS, No.
EHT-HMS, No.
Fic. 4, da. Hypopachus cuneus var. EHT-HMS, No. 1031; Encero, Vera-
cruz.
Fic. 5, 5a. Hypopachus ovis sp. nov. Paratype. EHT-HMS, 1071; Tepic,
Nayarit.
Fic. 6, 6a. Hypopachus oxyrhinus? EHT-HMS, No. 986; Zapotiltic, Jalisco.
Fic. 7, 7a. Hypopachus cuneus cuneus Cope.
Grande City, Texas.
EHT-HMS, No. 1032; Rio
TAYLOR:
HERPETOLOGICAL MISCELLANY
PLATE LXIII
18-2181
BULLETIN of
THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
ny
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18-2181
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