Wagner Natural Area management plan

WAGNER NATURAL AREA
MANAGEMENT PLAN

Prepared by:
Wagner Natural Area Society
and

Natural Resources Service,
Alberta Environment

Based on a Master's Thesis by:
Catherine M. Mowat
University of Calgary

June 1999

Pub. No.: 1/533
ISBN: 0-7732-1310-4

For copies of this report, contact:

Information Centre

Alberta Environment

Main Floor, Great West Life Building,

9920 -108 Street

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2M4

Telephone: (780) 422-2079

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 WHAT ARE NATURAL AREAS? 1

1 .2 WHAT IS THIS MANAGEMENT PLAN ALL ABOUT? 1

1 .3 PLAN LIMITATIONS 3

1.4 WHAT PROCESS WAS USED TO DEVELOP THIS PLAN? 3

1 .5 INTENT FOR THE WAGNER NATURAL AREA 3

1 .6 SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES 4

1.6.1 Conservation 4

1 .6.2 Education 4

1.6.3 Research 4

1.6.4 Recreation 5

2.0 OVERVIEW 6

2.1 BIOPHYSICAL RESOURCES 6

2.1.1 Physiography and Hydrology 6

2. 1 .2 Vegetation and Flora 6

2.1.3 Wildlife 9

2.2 LAND USE HISTORY 9

2.2.1 Agriculture 9

2.2.2 Forestry 9

2.2.3 Petroleum and Natural Gas 9

2.2.4 Heritage Appreciation and Outdoor Recreation Activities 9

2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY 9

2.4 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ADMINISTRATION 10

2.5 MAJOR PAST AND PRESENT ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT

OF THE SITE 12

2.6 NATURAL AREA VALUES AND RATIONALE 12

3.0 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND STRATEGIES 13

3.1 CONSERVATION 13

3.1.1 Groundwater 13

3.1.2 On-Site Human Activity 14

3.1.3 Fen Protection. 16

3. 1 .4 "Nature Takes Its Course" Policy 16

3.1.5 Development of Local Support 17

3.2 EDUCATION 18

3 .2. 1 Special Site Characteristics 18

3 .2 .2 Consistency With Conservation Obj ective 19

3.2.3 Carrying Capacity 19

3 .2.4 The Management Message 20

3.3 RESEARCH 20

3.3.1 Site Inventory 20

3 .3 .2 Site Monitoring. 21

3 .3 .3 Research Impacts 22

3 .3 .4 Research and Management 22

3.4 RECREATION 23

3 .4. 1 Recreation Intensity 23

3 .4.2 Concentration of Recreation 24

3 .4.3 Recreation Programming 24

3.5 RESOURCE EXTRACTION 25

3.5.1 Grazing 25

3.5.2 Haying 25

3.5.3 Timber Removal 25

3.5.4 Petroleum and Natural Gas 25

3.5.5 Aggregate Minerals 25

3.5.6 Trapping 26

3.6 ZONING 26

3.7 OTHER MANAGEMENT ISSUES 26

3.7.1 Group Use 26

3.7.2 Linear Developments. 26

3.7.3 Dispositions. 26

3".7.4 Surrounding Land Uses and Land Acquisition 26

3.7.5 Fire 27

3.8 APPROVAL OF ACTIVITIES NOT DISCUSSED IN THIS PLAN 27

4.0 PROGRAM SUPPORT 28

4.1 PHYSICAL STRUCTURES ! 28

4.1.1 Signage 28

4.1.2 Fencing 28

4.1.3 Facilities 28

4.2 REGULATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT 28

4.3 SITE MONITORING 28

4.4 COMMUNICATIONS 28

4.5 EDUCATIONAL/INTERPRETIVE PROGRAMMING 29

5.0 ADMINISTRATION 30

5.1 ROLEOFTHE WAGNER NATURAL AREA SOCIETY 30

5.2 ROLE OF ALBERTA ENVIRONMENT AND

ALBERTA AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT. ... 30

5.3 PROCESS FOR PLAN AMENDMENTS 30

6.0 CONCLUSIONS 32

6.1 WHERE TO FROM HERE? 32

6.2 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 32

APPENDIX

NATURAL AREAS LEGISLATION 33

OBJECTIVES OF THE WAGNER NATURAL AREA SOCIETY.. 35

WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN 36

WAGNER NATURAL AREA LAND OWNERSHIP PLAN 46

LIST OF FIGURES

1 . Location and general features of the Wagner Natural Area 2

2. Geological cross-sectional view showing piezometric surface of the region
surrounding the Wagner Natural Area 7

3. Surface water drainage areas in the region affecting the Wagner Natural Area.. 8

4. Structures and facilities of the site 11

5. Zoning 15

APPROVAL STATEMENT

Recognizing the value of the Wagner Natural Area for conservation, education and
research, the Wagner Natural Area Management Plan is approved and will define the
general policy and management intent for the site.

President .x-^^^-n

Wagner Natural Area Societ\^

Direct

Recreation anUf^rotec,
Alberta Environme

Director

Date d^^^ 3^ /r^^

Date^"^^^ Jv ^ /rfr

DateSa^^S^^^iSa!^

Public Lands Branch,

Alberta Agriculture, Food'^d Rural Development

Assistant Deputy Ministe^/^^,^^,^^.,^^^^ Date^^^'Sl^ , Y/^^&,

Natural Resources Service
Alberta Environment

Digitized by

the Internet Archive

in 2015

https://archive.org/details/wagnernaturalareOOmowa

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Wagner Natural Area currently comprises more than 130 ha (legal description = N7-53-26-
W4M) of Crown land located 7 km west of Edmonton (Figure 1). Although the site contains a
number of significant biophysical features, its dominant feature is a mineral-rich fen made up of
wet meadows, marl ponds and black spruce/tamarack forest. Rich fens are unusual in the
Edmonton area, and it is mainly because of this fen that the land has been designated to be
preserved as a Conservation Natural Area. The site received legal Natural Area status (under the
Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves and Natural Areas Act) in February 1987. The site has
been confirmed as an EMAN (Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network) site, and will be
considered as a UNESCO Index Site.

The site is jointly administered by the Wagner Natural Area Society (WNAS) and Natural
Resources Service of Alberta Environment. It was leased to WNAS in 1983 for a 21 -year period.

1.1 WHAT ARE NATURAL AREAS?

Natural Areas are portions of public land protected under the authority of the Wilderness Areas,
Ecological Reserves and Natural Areas Act. They are designated with the main objective of
maintaining their natural features. Their management emphasizes public appreciation, education,
research and/or recreation when these uses are compatible with the main objective. The
legislation for Natural Areas is included in the Appendix. Natural Areas are by policy divided
into three categories: Education, Conservation and Recreation. In many cases, a site may fit into
one or more of these categories. In recognition of its exceptional natural values, Wagner has been
designated by policy as a Conservation Natural Area.

1.2 WHAT IS THIS MANAGEMENT PLAN ALL ABOUT?

There are a number of reasons why this plan was prepared by Alberta Environment and WNAS.
First, the possibility that increasing use will result in more pressure on the features of the Natural
Area, both in impacts on the site itself and in reduced and perhaps conflicting opportunities for
users. Second, managers and citizens have become increasingly concemed about such impacts
and changes. Third, both the society and Natural Resources Service staff are concemed about the
consistency and continuity of their planning, management and decision-making. Fourth, Natural
Area legislation provides general protection status but does not address site-specific needs.
Consequently, a site-specific management plan is required.

This plan is directed at managing users of the Natural Area. Adherence to this plan will reduce or
prevent unacceptable resource and social conditions and rehabilitate certain imdesirable
conditions in the Natural Area. This plan also establishes a process for managing the Natural
Area cooperatively between government and public users.

1

gjAgrlctrtturtl Ff«ldt gcontfsrout For««t

([]]jo*cidueM FoTMt m Ponds

^MtK»d O*clduous/Cenlf«rettt Fer«tt O

Figure 1: Location and General Features of the
Wagner Natural Area

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1.3 PLAN LIMITATIONS

This management plan has been formulated on and is limited by the completeness and quality of
the existing information that is available for the site. Additional information and issues regarding
the site will still be forthcoming and may alter the management approach resulting in new or
altered strategies.

The management guidelines that are stated in this plan are policy only and are not enforceable
under any regulation that is specific to Natural Areas. However, activities such as tree cutting,
littering, soil extraction, himting and trapping are either prohibited or controlled by legislation
that is applicable to public land in general. The philosophy applied to managing the public use of
Natural Areas is more one of education than of regulation.

1.4 WHAT PROCESS WAS USED TO DEVELOP TfflS PLAN?

This plan was initially developed by Catherine M. Mowat in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Design fi-om the University of Calgary,
in consultation with WNAS and Natural Areas Program staff of the former department of Alberta
Forestry, Lands and Wildlife. The Recreation and Protected Areas Division, in the Natural
Resources Service of Alberta Environment, coordinated the plan's completion. The process
followed these steps:

1. review of goals of WNAS and policies of the Natural Areas Program;

2. analysis of site history, legislation, government policy, county and regional planning, site use
and the site's biophysical resources:

3. identification of relevant issues, problems and opportunities;

4. definition of priorities;

5. collection and analysis of programs and facilities of similar outdoor organizations;

6. restatement of objectives;

7. circulation of draft approaches to WNAS, Natural Areas Program staff and others in Alberta
Environment; and

8. approval of plan by WNAS, Recreation and Protected Areas Division, Natural Resources
Service and the Public Lands Branch of Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.

1.5 INTENT FOR THE WAGNER NATURAL AREA

The Wagner Natural Area is designated by policy as a Conservation Natural Area. The intent for
the site is as follows:

(a) maintain natural ecological diversity, ecological processes, native species and habitats;

(b) protect rare and significant natural features;

(c) support environmental education use; and

(d) permit a limited range of other activities, especially research and some recreation where
compatible with the intents of protection and educational use.

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1.6 SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES

1.6.1 Conservation

1 . To ensure an adequate supply of unpolluted groundwater to the Natural Area in order to
maintain the fen meadow/marl pond complex and the associated black spruce/tamarack forest as
a healthy and significant feature on the site.

2. To minimize negative environmental effects of on-site human activity in light of the site's
carrying capacity.

3. To provide to the fen community the highest possible degree of protection against the effects
of on-site activity.

4. To permit ecological processes to prevail with minimal interference.

5. To ensure substantial support in the local community for the following:

(a) the priorities that have been established for the site;

(b) the objectives and policies of the WNAS and the Recreation and Protected Areas Division,
Alberta Environment; and

(c) the preservation of the site as a Conservation Natural Area.

1.6.2 Education

1 . To support educational opportunities on the site that make local and regional corrmiunities
aware of its special nature.

2. To ensure that any educational program that focuses on the area is consistent with the
conservation objective of minimizing the effects of on-site activity and protecting the fens to the
highest degree.

3. To ensure that future development of educational programs is consistent with the site's
carrying capacity.

4. To provide the public with information on topics that are important to (and will facilitate) the
management of the site as a Conservation Natural Area.

1.6.3 Research

1 . To ensure that the site inventory continues.

2. To ensure that monitoring of the following occurs:

(a) effect of activity in the surrounding area on the condition and supply of groundwater to the
site;

(b) effect of education, research and recreation use on the physical condition and the biota of the
site; and

(c) general condition of the areas not subjected to intensive use, for baseline comparisons.

- 3. To ensure that all research activity is conducted in a manner that minimizes impacts on the
site.

4. To ensure that data collected from research projects are integrated into the management of the
site.

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1.6.4 Recreation

1 . To ensure that high-impact, high-intensity recreation does not occur on the Natural Area.

2. To direct the recreation that takes place to areas that can best withstand the impact of such
activity.

3. To ensure that future recreation programming is consistent with the sensitive nature of the site
and enhances its conservation focus.

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2.0 OVERVIEW

2.1 BIOPHYSICAL RESOURCES

2.1.1 Physiography and Hydrology

The topography and geology of the region act together to produce the Natural Area's springs and
fens. As shown in Figure 2, the sand and gravel deposits serve as the major aquifer and carry
water from the south to the north, downslope toward the Natural Area. Two localized
characteristics produce the springs and seepage areas: a small dip in the area's land surface
creates an area slightly lower than land to either uphill side: and the sand and gravel aquifer
"pinches out" and becomes much thinner beneath the site, forcing the water out of the aquifer
under pressure. A possible surface drainage basin that is the "recharge" supplying water which
eventually appears in springs at Wagner, is shown in Figure 3. This recharge area extends about
6.4 km to the south.

The major springs are located both on the site and around the perimeter of the Natural Area. The
east portions are particularly dependent on water discharged to the surface outside of existing
property boimdaries. In addition to springs, there is substantial, general water seepage across
most of the site. Consequently, almost the entire Natural Area can be considered a discharge
area. The springs and general seepage are accompanied by a series of intermittent streams. The
marl deposits occur around the springs. The spring water may come from more than one source
(i.e., from both glacial gravel and deeper bedrock areas).

The hydrologic characteristics affect the site in four major ways:

1 . the continuous influx of water creates high levels of soil moisture and freestanding water;

2. the calcium-rich springs create alkaline conditions resulting in diverse habitats;

3. some of the springs supply a continuous source of heat, the water being a constant 4°C, as it
flows onto the surface; and

4. the springs provide a continuous supply of nutrients.

2.1.2 Vegetation and Flora

Five major plant communities exist: the fen/meadow marl pond complex; coniferous forest;
mixed coniferous-deciduous forest; deciduous forest; and agricultural fields (Figure 1). Although
the fen/meadow marl pond complex covers the smallest area, it and the coniferous forest are the
two peatland habitats for which the Natural Area was primarily protected. The Wagner site is one
of the few rich peatlands in Alberta east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Fort McMurray.
These fens contain a distinct association of species including several rare plant species.

6

7

HIahwav 16

North

Wagner Natural!

Hfohwav 16

/ Surface Water Drainage \
^ Area Boundaries J

t

Direction of
Drainage

1. Albert! Envlronmmt, Teetinletf Servlets Division, HydroCogy Brmetu
Location Mtp and DraJnago Boundary of Nt/2 7-'53-26-W4 1981

FlytireS: Surface Water Drainage Areas In the Region
Affecting the Wagner Natural Area

According to recent summaries, the site also has a large diversity of fungi and flora comprising at
least 73 fungi, 320 vascular plants, 63 mosses, 1 1 liverworts and 75 lichen species.

2.1.3 Wildlife

Three fish, 6 herptile, 138 bird (including 96 breeding birds), and 41 mammal species have been
recorded for the site, although some no longer occur on site. The mixed coniferous-deciduous
habitats provide both reproductive and feeding habitat for many of these vertebrate species.
Recent insect studies have found more than 2000 species, which represent only about a quarter of
all species likely to be present. The insect diversity, which largely consists of boreal forest and
aspen parkland elements, is exceptionally high for an Alberta site.

2.2 LAND USE fflSTORY

2.2.1 Agriculture

Since about 1926, the site has been used for agricultural purposes; Three fields totalling about 16
ha (40 ac.) were cleared and originally used as pasture, later for haying. The west quarter was
used for grazing and a dugout was constructed near the Atim Lake road.

2.2.2 Forestry

Timber removal mostly occurred on the east half of the site. Some large timber was apparently
removed around the turn of the century.

2.2.3 Petroleum and Natural Gas

A seismic line was cut in the southwest comer and 23 bore holes were drilled along the road
allowance and the northeast comer of the site to test for the presence of petroleum and natural
gas.

2.2.4 Heritage Appreciation and Outdoor Recreation Activities

The Edmonton Bird Club was the first naturalist club to use the site for field trip purposes and
other local naturalists have visited the site since the 1950s. Since the site was purchased in 1971
by the government of Alberta, it has received increasing visitation by naturalists. Local residents
used a varying portion of the area for snowmobiling during the late 1970s/early 1980s.

2.3 ADMINISTRATIVE fflSTORY

The majority of the site (N7-53-26-W4) was deeded to the Canadian Pacific Railway by the
Government of Canada in 1901, which held it imtil 1926, when it was purchased by Frederick
Wagner. It remained in the Wagner family until December 1971, when it was purchased by the
Land Assembly Division of Alberta Environment for environmental education purposes through
Order in Council 2118/71. Funds for that purpose came from the Nature Conservancy of Canada,
faculty and graduate students of the University of Alberta, an anonymous foundation and the
Government of Alberta. The site was transferred to the administration of the Natural Areas
Program, Public Lands Division in 1975. From 1975 to February 1987, the site was administered
under the authority of the Public Lands Act, at the end of which time it was designated a Natural
Area by Order in Council 80/87, under the authority of the Wilderness Areas, Ecological

9

Reserves and Natural Areas Act. In 1983, the site was leased (i.e., Recreational Lease) to the
Wagner Natural Area Society.

This society was organized in 1982 in response to road construction on the perimeter of the site
and the potential threat of future road construction to the integrity of the site. Corporate
membership comprised the following organizations: Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton
Bird Club, Edmonton Natural History Club, Friends of the Devonian Botanic Garden and
Parkland Residents Association (see Appendix for society objectives). In addition, individuals
could become direct members in the Wagner Natural Area Society (WNAS), under the terms of
the bylaws. In 1998, Wagner Natural Area Society revised its bylaws substantially to remove the
corporate membership structure and became a society made up of individual members who
support the objectives of the Wagner Natural Area.

2.4 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND ADMINISTRATION

The WNAS has been extremely active since its inception and has received support from the
Natural Areas Program, from a number of granting agencies and grant programs, and from direct
donations for a number of projects (see Figure 4 for existing structures and facilities):

1 . The WNAS has obtained a lease for the site from the provincial government under the Public
Lands Act;

2. Collection of a significant amount of data and reference material on the site;

3. Several research projects have been undertaken:

-installation of three water level wells by Alberta Environment;

-mapping of the location of major springs;

-peat and tree cores extracted and analyzed;

-a regular May species count undertaken for plants;

-approval of research projects by other agencies;

-mammal study;

-insect study;

-moth and lichen study and
-bird inventories.

4. Development of a number of site facilities, including interpretive trail, staging area, toilet
facilities, signage, fencing and gates, registration boxes and picnic shelter;

5. Regular site maintenance and inspection program;

6. Regular administrative program (i.e., monthly meetings);

7. Receipt of frmding from granting agencies for a variety of projects;

8. Employment through government employment programs (PEP, SEED, STEP) obtained for
several individuals as career development;

9. Organized two major publicity events and produced several publications;

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11

1 0. Information letters have been sent out to local residents and users of the site;

1 1 . Development of educational materials;

12. Obtained a conservation water licence from Alberta Enviroimient;

1 3 . Leased the road allowance from the County of Parkland;

14. Entered into an agreement for the haying of the agricultural fields;

15. Entered into an agreement with the Wild Orchid Recreation Society (society has since
folded) for their continued but controlled used of the site for snowmobiling; and

16. Regular public distribution of a newsletter.

2.5 MAJOR PAST AND PRESENT ISSUES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SITE

The major site management issues that have confronted the WNAS and the Natural Areas
Program are as follows:

1 . Highway construction on the perimeter of the area;

2. Control of access to the site—especially off-highway vehicles and random public use resulting
in trampling and vandalism;

3. Closure of the undeveloped road allowance immediately south of secondary highway #794;

4. An agreement with the Wild Orchid Recreation Society for snowmobiling (since folded);

5. The acquisition of additional land;

6. Water resource conservation and the acquisition of Alberta's first conservation water licence;

7. Control of beaver activity;

8. Acquisition of funding;

9. Interpretive/educational programming;

1 0. Development of public awareness and support;

1 1 . Preparation of this management plan; and

12. Clarification of the designation of land already committed to the Wagner Natural Area, such
designation is presently mired in a wide spectrum of leasing and other administrative devices for
land tenure.

2.6 NATURAL AREA VALUES AND RATIONALE

The values of the Natural Area are significant and include the following:

1 . Fragile rich fen habitats and associated species;

2. The site is close to several population centres and 750 000 people;

3. Unusual diversity of flora and fauna for an area its size;

4. A significant portion remains in a relatively undisturbed state; and

5. High suitability for conducting research of various ecological topics.

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3.0 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND STRATEGIES

The following guidelines offer management direction for preservation of the natural values as
well as a variety of uses, issues and activities. Maintaining the natural features is the underlying
premise on which each management strategy has been developed. The management guidelines
under each objective for the Conservation, Education, Research and Recreation sections are
listed in order of priority.

3.1 CONSERVATION
3.1.1 Groundwater

Objective. To ensure an adequate supply of unpolluted groundwater to the Natural Area in order
to maintain the fen meadow/marl pond complex and the associated black spruce/tamarack forest
as healthy and significant features of the site.

Current Situation. The fens are the most important biophysical feature of the Natural Area and
are very unusual in the Edmonton region. The site was designated as a Natural Area primarily to
ensure the preservation of these fens. The ecology of the fens is dependent on the upwelling of
groundwater that occurs throughout the site. Most of the groimdwater reservoir lies outside of the
Natural Area and, as a result, supply to the fens can be altered by developments in the
surrounding area. Groundwater monitoring wells have been installed to check the site's water
levels.

Assumptions. It is likely that additional regional development will occur around the Natural
Area. The groundwater supply may be affected. Involvement in the local development process
may enable potential water supply problems to be identified and addressed.

Management Guidelines

1 . The groundwater levels and quality in the Natural Area will be monitored and records
maintained.

-The well that is equipped with a recording device will be inspected and data collected
periodically. Water quality samples will be taken periodically — ^perhaps during high flows and
during low flows.

-The volume of the groundwater flow entering the site should be determined.
-The boundaries of the groundwater reservoir should be determined.

2. Sources of information on proposed development in the surrounding area and on groundwater
use, including drainage, will be identified and reviewed.

3. The WNAS and the protected areas program of Environment should become involved in the
public and agency participation aspect of the planning process (where relevant) at the county,
regional and provincial levels.

-Efforts to enhance the terms of the water licence will be pursued, particularly in regard
to the groundwater discharge area that lies to the south of the Natural Area.

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3.1.2 On-Site Human Activity

Objective. To minimize negative environmental effects of on-site himian activity in light of the
site's carrying capacity.

Current Situation. The vegetation and ground surface over much of the site are extremely
vuberable to physical damage because of wet, soft soil conditions. Some areas of the site have
been damaged by inappropriate use, such as all-terrain vehicle activity, including snowmobile
use. In addition, human use has an effect upon wildlife. A mammalian species of special
concern — long-tailed weasel — ^has been reported to occur on the site, but has not been seen
recently. There are rare plant species and other significant biological species. No estimate of the
carrying capacity of the site is currently available.

Assumptions. Education, research and recreation use will require some management to avoid
excessive changes to the Natural Area. An estimate of the appropriate carrying capacity will
substantially assist in the site's management.

Management Guidelines.

1 . In principle, all human activity that consumes resources or that damages the physical
condition, flora and fauna will be discouraged.

• No collecting of biological species will be permitted in connection with education or research
activities except for those collections that are specifically authorized by WNAS according to
a research and collection permit modeled after the established policy of Recreation and Parks
Division.

• Off-highway vehicle use is not permitted, except for maintenance activities, haying and other
management purposes.

2. The effects of education, research and recreation on the site will be formally monitored and the
current condition of the site assessed for comparison with fiiture conditions (see Section 3.3.2).

3. The development of any facilities and programs for the site will minimize human change and
damage to the Natural Area.

-All facility development will be preceded by an assessment of the possible effects of the
development on the physical condition, flora and fauna of the site.

-The development of additional facilities will not be permitted and all non-research
programs will be restricted to a size and content that can be accommodated with the existing
facilities until such time as:

• an estimate of the carrying capacity of the site has been developed, and

• the effects of the programs that are initially implemented in the Natural Area on the physical
condition and biota of the site have been assessed.

4. A zoning system (see Figure 5) is established to do the following:

(a) confine human activity to the smallest possible total area;

(b) confine human activity to areas that are already developed, most heavily impacted and/or are
less sensitive to physical damage;

(c) protect the areas of the site that contain rare, unusual, or notable floral and faimal species, the
fens and key habitats such as ecotones, edges and riparian areas;

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7^

15

(d) restrict unguided public access to designated areas and trails; and

(e) allow guided tours to other areas of the site on an occasional basis with the approval of the
Society, which will approve or provide guides.

5. The fencing of the site will be undertaken as deemed necessary, and additional signage should
be placed on the perimeter indicating the nature of the area.

6. An estimate of carrying capacity will be established based on the observed effects of site use
(see Section 3.3.2).

• This estimate will be re-examined periodically and revised if necessary.

3.1.3 Fen Protection

Objective. To provide to the fen community the highest possible degree of protection against the
effects of on-site activity.

Current Situation. The fens are a valuable conservation feature and have been used for both
education and research purposes. The fens are, however, the most vulnerable areas of the site.
One trail is currently developed and provides substantial contact with the fen community.

Assumptions. No additional trails are required in the fens for education or recreation purposes.
Adequate research opportunities can be provided without access to all fen areas.

Management Guidelines.

1 . The central fen area will be set aside as the core area in which no educational or recreational
activity will be permitted (see Figure 5).

2. Research in this core area will be limited to the following:

(a) activities associated with the completion of the initial site inventory;

(b) monitoring site conditions on the periphery of the core area (i.e., in the buffer zone); and

(c) a second thorough inventory of the core area, to occur before the termination of the current
lease.

Other types of research related to the ecology of fen communities will be directed to Zone 2 on
Figure 5, an area better suited to this type of research.

3.1.4 "Nature Takes Its Course" Policy

Objective. To permit ecological processes to prevail v^th minimal interference.

Current Situation. The ecology and character of the site will be affected by natural processes
such as succession, fire, beaver activity, disease and infestation, and climate.

Assumptions. As a result of the above factors, there may be changes in the ecology and
character of the site over the term of the lease.

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Management Guidelines.

1 . The site will generally be permitted to change under the influence of natural processes.

• Succession will generally be permitted to occur across the site with the possible exception of
the currently cultivated fields (see 3.5.2 Haying). As plant communities mature, some natural
biological populations may be threatened due to changes in habitat suitability. If WNAS and
the Recreation and Protected Areas Division of Alberta Environment regard these changes as
negative, or if they are resulting in reduced habitat for certain species, limited habitat
manipulation may be considered.

2. A few exceptions to this policy are foreseen:

• Forest fires should be suppressed to protect the adjacent human residents and their properties
(see Wildfire Management Plan in Appendix).

• Beaver removal may be necessary if these animals become a nuisance to adjacent landowners
or disturb/threaten other important biophysical features on the site. Other manipulations of
species may be considered under similar circumstances. Government fish and wildlife
specialists will be consulted in such matters.

• Should exotic species, pests or diseases seriously threaten the vegetation of the Natural Area
or if the Natural Area is acting as a reservoir for pests that are affecting adjacent lands,
control measures may be taken. Mechanical or biological methods of control are the preferred
options. Chemical pesticides or herbicides should be used as a last resort. Any
pesticide/herbicide use should be undertaken only with the consent of WNAS and the
appropriate provincial government agencies.

3.1.5 Development of Local Support

Objective. To ensure substantial support in the local community for the following:

(a) the priorities that have been established for the site;

(b) the objectives and policies of the WNAS and the Recreation and Protected Areas Division,
Alberta Environment; and

(c) the preservation of the site as a Conservation Natural Area.

Current Situation. The views and interests of people in the local and regional community have
affected the development leading to the current site, as follows:

1 . Activity on the part of the regional community led to the acquisition, conservation and
designation of the site as a Natural Area; and

2. Interests common to the WNAS and the local community led to the modification of local
transportation plans to the benefit of the Natural Area.

Assumptions. Local and regional support will continue to be important to the conservation and
use of the Natural Area. There will be a need for good communication between provincial,
regional and local entities in order to avoid conflicting initiatives associated with land use and
planning.

17

Management Guidelines.

1. A pattern of regular contact with the local and regional community, outside of the educational
programming, will be established.

• The WNAS will conduct a membership campaign in the local and regional community.

• The County of Parkland will continue to be made aware of the nature and value of the site.

• The WNAS will publish a newsletter on a regular basis.

2. Attempts will be made to increase public knowledge of the special nature of the Natural Area
and of the factors that must be considered in its development, use and conservation.

3. Signage will maintain an atmosphere of open access to the area for appropriate purposes and,
wherever possible, will use a low key and positive tone (e.g., Use Respect rather than No
Trespassing).

3.2 EDUCATION

Two types of educational programs may be developed on the site: an interpretive program for the
general program and site study programs for the schools. The intent of this section is to ensure
that any development of educational programs is compatible with the conservation of the area
and its features.

3.2.1 Special Site Characteristics

Objective. To support educational opportunities on the site that make local and regional
communities aware of its special nature.

Current Situation. The diversity of habitat, flora and fauna on the site provide a wealth of
educational opportunities.

Assumptions. Educational programs for certain topics can be accommodated better than for
other topics (see page 29). There is a demand for these types of programs — based on experiences
at other sites.

Management Guidelines.

1 . Educational programs will be supported that are highly focused on the unusual features and
unique value of the site and the main issues/influences affecting the conservation of the area, as
follows:

- (a) the fens and the other unusual characteristics of the site;

(b) the groundwater regime;

(c) the sensitive/vulnerable nature of the ground surface on the site and the implications of this
sensitivity on the use of the area;

(d) groundwater management in the province; and

(e) the role of a Conservation Natural Area.

2. Support will be given to educational programs that will provide opportunities that differ from
those at other sites.

18

3. Encourage educational programs that address ecological topics, in particular the concept of
"ecological reserves" in relation to "core" conservation zones.

3.2.2 Consistency With Conservation Objective

Objective. To ensure that any educational program that focuses on the area is consistent with the
conservation objective of minimizing the effects of on-site activity and protecting the fens to the
highest degree.

Current Situation. Occasional contact is made with educators that use the site.

Assumptions. Educational programs can be an important use of the site. Student use of the site
will be managed by school-associated adult supervisors according to the following guidelines.

Management Guidelines.

1 . Educational programs that are designed to minimize the effect of human activity upon the site
will be supported.

2. Data on the effects of educational use of the site will be collected and reviewed on a regular
basis.

3. Educational activity will be restricted to Zones 2 and 3 (see Figure 5).

4. No development of additional trails for educational purposes will take place in the fens.

5. Very limited resource-consuming educational activity will be permitted on site (e.g., specimen
collecting).

6. School use of the site should meet the following standards:

(a) pre-booking of school visits through WNAS, by phone, mail or direct contact with a Director
ofWNAS;

(b) a minimum of one adult supervisor for every 1 5 children;

(c) whenever possible, groups should be formally accompanied or guided by WNAS members;

(d) supervisors provided by the school system must be with their groups at all times;

(e) school use of the site restricted to the designated educational trail system; and

(f) school use of the site limited to preferably one class at a time.

3.2.3 Carrying Capacity

Objective. To ensure that future development of educational programs is consistent with the
site's carrying capacity.

Current Situation. An estimate of the carrying capacity has not yet been established for the site.

Assumption. It is possible that additional educational use will occur on the site. It is not possible
to supervise all educational activity that takes place on the site. The site fencing and signs on the
perimeter should encourage more appropriate use.

19

Management Guidelines.

1 . Educational programs will be restricted to a size that can be accommodated with the existing
facilities.

2. The effects of educational use on the site will be monitored and may lead to a periodic
redefinition of site capacity that will guide how visitation is managed.

3.2.4 The Management Message

Objective. To provide the public with information on topics that are important td (and will
facilitate) the management of the site as a Conservation Natural Area.

Current Situation. The public is not sufficiently familiar with the purpose of Natural Areas or
with the opportunities the Wagner site provides as a protected area.

Assumption. This lack of knowledge may create some conflict over the use and management of
the site. Information that establishes a better understanding of the site as a Conservation Natural
Area, and the reasons for the policies that are in effect on the site, will enhance the achievement
of the objectives and provide an additional measure of control over activities in the Natural Area.

Management Guidelines.

1 . Educational programs should promote an understanding of Conservation Natural Areas and
environmental issues.

2. A general brochure/letter documenting the facilities and programs will be available to the
public and to the various school systems (public/private, college, university), in order to respond
to requests for information.

3.3 RESEARCH

The intent of this section is to ensure that a consistent, reliable and objective source of
information is available on the condition of the Wagner Natural Area in order to provide a solid
foundation for management decisions. In addition, the benefits and value of more general
research are also recognized.

3.3.1 Site Inventory
- Objective. To ensure that the site inventory continues.

Current Situation. The inventory of the site is ongoing but is inconsistent in its treatment of the
area. The eastern portion of the site has received the greatest attention recently.

Assumptions. Good management decisions are best made with solid information based on
research.

20

Management Guidelines.

1 . The following types of management-oriented research will be conducted on the site to fill gaps
in the existing inventory:

(a) a more detailed survey of the flora in western and central portions of the site;

(b) a bird survey of the site;

(c) a study of small mammals; and

(d) a study of winter wildlife and other aspects of winter ecology.

2. The areas of the site most likely to be affected by site use v^ll receive greatest attention.

3.3.2 Site Monitoring

Objective. To ensure that monitoring of the following occurs:

(a) effect of activity in the surrounding area on the condition and supply of groundwater to the
site;

(b) effect of education, research and recreation use on the physical condition and the biota of the
site; and

(c) general condition of the areas not subjected to intensive use, for baseline comparisons.

Current Situation. The ongoing site-monitoring program at this time involves regular
inspections of general conditions and occasional monitoring of groundwater level. The site is
being affected by activity on and around it in a number of ways.

Assumptions. It is necessary to document the existing conditions of the site and to ensure the
ability to detect changes in this condition so that the site can be managed appropriately.

Management Guidelines.

1 . The methods for monitoring must be well-documented, simple, sufficiently frequent and
consistent.

2. Continue to monitor the effects of activity in the surrounding area on the condition and supply
of groundwater to the site. This monitoring will address both groundwater levels and quality.

3. Plant community plot studies, photograph records and bird surveys should be performed at
least once every three years.

• Both used and unused portions of the site will be monitored.

4. The following procedures will be followed during the monthly site surveys:

(a) all informal observations of the condition and significant flora and fauna will be logged; and

(b) a standard route and checklist will be used for inspections.

5. Any public use of the site can provide additional information for monitoring purposes.

3.3.3 Research Impacts

Objective. To ensure that all research activity is conducted in a manner that minimizes impacts
on the site.

21

Current Situation. The site is of value for research purposes because of its features, which have
regional, national and international significance, and because of its accessibility. Some past
research has affected the site. A core conservation zone has been established on the site.

Assumptions. There will continue to be a demand for research in the area.

Management Guidelines.

1 . Research in the core area will generally be limited to the completion of the existing inventory
requirements.

2. All research must mitigate impacts.

• No resource-consuming research will be permitted except under exceptional
circumstances.

3. Researchers will be requested to present a research proposal with methodology including an
impact assessment.

4. The WNAS and the government land managers will work toward reviewing all research
projects in a fair and consistent approval process. Permits given for research will be modeled
after the established research and collection policy of Recreation and Parks Division.

5. A copy of all results and resulting publications must be forwarded to WNAS.

3.3.4 Research and Management

Objective. To ensure that data collected from research projects are integrated into the
management of the site.

Current Situation. Results from research have been incorporated into management decisions to
date.

Assumptions. Research data will be deliberately integrated into site management policies and
practices.

Management Guidelines.

1 . An outline should be developed of research needed to fill management information needs.

2. The data collected for research and monitoring purposes will be reviewed at regular intervals
for their value to site management.

3. The data collected will be reviewed to identify the most important habitat for fauna and the
distribution of unusual species of any type.

4. Preference will be given to research that enhances basic knowledge of the site in a significant
way, has a long-term element to it, or both.

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3.4 RECREATION

Managing for recreational use in the Natural Area is a low priority. This priority reflects a
combination of factors including the conservation focus, the site's vulnerable soil and water
conditions, the established history of the site as a conservation area and the fact that limited
funding is available to mitigate the effects of and manage for intensive recreational activity on
the site.

There is a possibility, however, that there will be an increased demand for recreational use of the
site at some future date. The potential level and type of recreational activity may not be
compatible with the long-term conservation of the site. The intent of this section, therefore, is to
provide guidelines for the management of casual, unsolicited recreation now and in the future.

Recreation can be defined in many ways. For the purpose of this plan, recreation is defined as an
activity that involves an outdoor sporting or physical pursuit but is not primarily educational in
intent.

3.4.1 Recreation Intensity

Objective. To ensure that high-impact, high-intensity recreation does not occur on the Natural
Area.

Current Situation. Natural Areas are intended for low-impact, low-intensity nature-oriented
activities. Certain types of activities, such as horseback riding, trail bike and off-highway vehicle
use can damage this site. Other types of activities such as firearms discharge are a safety concern.
Hunting and snaring activities are incompatible with the frequent presence of the nature-viewing
public. In addition, the conservation focus implicit in establishing a core area of fen protection
precludes the viability of hunting and snaring activities. It is not possible to supervise all
recreational activity that takes place on the site.

Assumptions. The fencing of the site, when completed, will provide some deterrent to some of
the activities that have caused some damage. Signs on the perimeter should encourage more
appropriate uses.

Management Guidelines.

1 . Direction will be provided to the public on the activities that are/are not appropriate.

• Signs will be posted at strategic locations on the perimeter indicating the types of
activities that are not suitable: horseback riding, firearms discharge, snaring, off-
highway vehicle use. In particular, signs will be maintained that indicate access for
hunting is not allowed.

• Information on the effects of recreational activity on the Natural Area will be
provided to the local and regional communities.

23

2. High-impact, high-intensity recreational activity will be discouraged.

• High-impact, high-intensity activities will be defined as those that concentrate large
numbers of people in an area for a long period of time, consume or damage the site's
facilities or natural values, have a high frequency of occurrence, and/or have
requirements for additional facilities.

3. Efforts will be made to prevent himting, including bow-hunting, snaring, trapping and firearms
discharge on the site, starting with educational measures.

3.4.2 Concentration of Recreation

Objective. To direct the recreation that takes place to areas that can best withstand the impact of
such activity.

Current Situation. Some areas of the site are very vulnerable to physical damage and/or are
important for conservation purposes because of the species that are present. Some casual,
unsolicited recreation, such as walking and cross-coimtry skiing, currently takes place both on
and off the trail. Some of this activity has caused visible damage to the site.

Assumptions. The casual, unsolicited recreation that currently takes place could conflict with the
conservation objective.

Management Guidelines.

1 . Any casual, unsolicited recreation will be directed toward the established trail.

• Barriers and signs will be used to direct casual, unsolicited recreation to the
educational trail.

2. In general, all recreational activity wall be directed away from the most physically sensitive
areas (including the fens) and from the important habitat areas.

3. No recreation will occur in the core area.

4. Recreational programs (when and if developed) may make occasional use of Zone 2, but
should concentrate on the use of Zone 3.

3.4.3 Recreation Programming

Objective. To ensure that future recreation programming is consistent with the sensitive nature
of the site and enhances its conservation focus.

Current Situation. Recreation programming does not currently take place.

Assumptions. Recreation programming will not be allowed to take place if it would have a
significant negative impact.

Management Guidelines.

1 . No programming will be imdertaken purely for sport-oriented activities. Any recreation
programming that takes place must have a strong interpretive/educational element.

24

2. Recreational programs will be confined to the area designated for education and will be
subject to the policies established for education.

3. No recreation programming will take place until an estimate of the carrying capacity of the site
has been developed, the effects of both the educational programs and casual, unsolicited
recreation have been assessed, and an assessment has been made of the resources that are
available to mitigate the impact of the program on the Natural Area.

3.5 RESOURCE EXTRACTION

For any resource-consuming activity, the onus is on the proponent of that activity to prove that it
will not create a negative impact on the resource values of the site, on the educational, or
recreational users, or on researchers.

3.5.1 Grazing

Grazing will not be permitted on the Natural Area due to potentially severe negative impacts on
the site's biophysical features.

3.5.2 Haying

The three fields (NE comer, NW comer and west-central) will continue to be hayed, at the
discretion of WNAS, in order to meet fire prevention requirements identified in the site's wildfu-e
management plan (in Appendix), to provide some operating funds for the society, and to
maintain an open field habitat on site.

3.5.3 Timber Removal

Since mature forests contribute greatly to aesthetic value and some wildlife values, no
commercial tree cutting will be permitted. Some limited tree cutting may be required for trail
upgrading and development or to reduce public safety hazards. Because snags and decaying trees
are so valuable to bird species, their removal will be kept to a minimum.

3.5.4 Petroleum and Natural Gas

Oil and gas exploration is incompatible with the values of the Natural Area and the sensitivity of
Wagner to problems associated with increased access and surface disturbances. The security of
the water quality and quantity that reaches Wagner Natural Area is of paramount importance to
the biodiversity features for which the site is intemationally recognized — extemal uses, such as
neighbouring oil and gas exploration, that may impact those water needs will be monitored to
identify their potential to have an effect. To protect the water licence that WNAS holds for the
maintenance of natural flows, any potential conflict with other uses in the watershed will be
scrutinized.

3.5.5 Aggregate Minerals

Aggregate mineral extraction will not be allowed because this activity destroys surface features.

25

3.5.6 Trapping

Trapping will not be allowed on the Natural Area since the mammals provide an educational
value and natural history interpretation value. The only exception to this policy may be
consideration for beaver removal, if these animals become a nuisance to adjoining landowners or
disturb/threaten important biophysical features on site.

3.6 ZONING

A core zone (see Zone 1 - Figure 5), which has been established in the central part of the Natural
Area, will not be used for education, research, recreation, resource extraction or any other
activity. The educational benefit of such a zone would be to offer additional interpretive
opportunities, by being an example of the concept of "ecological reserves," and the concept of
preservation for its intrinsic value versus preservation for hxmian use.

The only activities allowed in the core zone are the following:

(a) monitoring of the condition of the core's buffer zone; and

(b) occasional inspection to monitor vandalism and other inappropriate uses.

3.7 OTHER MANAGEMENT ISSUES

3.7.1 Group Use

The site is used by organized groups such as schools. A booking system has been implemented
by WNAS.

3.7.2 Linear Developments

Linear developments such as bladed or graded road developments, pipelines and power lines will
not be permitted because of surface disturbances and access problems. The only exception is
further trail development, which may be considered in the future on the old cabin trail.

3.7.3 Dispositions

A disposition is a contract, between Alberta Environment and a nongovernment user of public
land, that conveys a legal interest in the land and/or for its resources. The WNAS has a 21 -year
Recreational Lease, which expires in 2003. Other dispositions appear unnecessary, so will not be
approved.

- 3.7.4 Surrounding Land Uses and Land Acquisition

Some of the lands surrounding the Natural Area have important biophysical features. As one of
the objectives of WNAS is "to acquire lands by purchase, lease or otherwise ... to further the
objects of the society" (see Appendix), the society may attempt to acquire some property rights
on those lands immediately adjacent the existing Natural Area, in cooperation with the
appropriate government agencies, particularly Recreation and Protected Areas Division, Alberta
Environment.

26

Control over other lands as buffer areas may also be considered. Proposals for resource
extraction on adjacent property that could have effects upon Wagner Natural Area would be
examined carefully and appropriate action taken to prevent any impacts.

The WNAS and Recreation and Protected Areas Division will continue to consult with
provincial, regional and local authorities and publics regarding residential, commercial and
transportation developments in the vicinity of the Natural Area.

In particular, any development in the groundwater recharge area (shown in Figure 3)
that has the potential of affecting the groundwater is of special concern (see Section 3.1.1).
Second, any developments, such as new roads, ditches or culverts, that affect surface water flows
onto the Natural Area are also of concern. Third, any residential development close to the Natural
Area that has the potential to increase inappropriate public use of the Natural Area is of concern.

3.7.5 Fire

Fires will be suppressed to protect the adjacent residents and their properties. Fire control for the
site is the responsibility of the County of Parkland. A Fire Management Plan has been prepared
as a companion to this management plan.

3.8 APPROVAL OF ACTIVITIES NOT DISCUSSED IN THIS PLAN

Specific activities may be identified that are not discussed in this plan. For these activities to be
approved, they must be compatible with the objectives for the Natural Area and not damage
endangered, threatened or rare species or their habitats.

An amendment of the WNAS lease will be considered in order to include the 14.2 ha parcel in
N8-53-26-W4 and the parcel east of the Villeneuve road allowance.

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4.0 PROGRAM SUPPORT

4.1 PHYSICAL STRUCTURES

4.1.1 Signage

A sign indicating the name of the site has been provided by the Natural Areas Program and
placed at the entrance area. "Natural Area" boundary signs will be supplied by Recreation and
Protected Areas Division and strategically placed around the perimeter of the area as needed.
Directional or interpretive signs on the trails are appropriate and will be placed at the discretion
of the WNAS.

4.1.2 Fencing

Fencing around the perimeter of the site may be constructed and maintained, as required by
WNAS. The maintenance of fencing has been a significant concern of the Society and requires
considerable ongoing effort. Fencing materials will be supplied by Recreation and Protected
Areas Division.

4.1.3 Facilities

There are some existing facilities on the site. Any additional facilities proposed by WNAS will
be planned in accordance with Section 3, 1 .2 and terms of the Recreational Lease.

4.2 REGULATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT

No new regulations are immediately required for the site. Enforcement of existing regulations
will be provided by government agencies under their existing mandates. At the request of
WNAS, regulations controlling abusive uses may be considered by Alberta Environment under
the Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves and Natural Areas Act.

4.3 SITE MONITORING

Regular on-site monitoring will be the joint responsibility of staff of the Public Lands Branch of
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development and members of WNAS. In particular, the following
activities need monitoring:

• amount of random and organized public use (especially camping, off-highway
vehicles and use of firearms);

• groundwater quality and quantity; and

• surrounding development proposals.

4.4 COMMUNICATIONS

The Recreation and Protected Areas Division has supplied general site signs and a general site
brochure for the Natural Area. Specific program communications (i.e., educational packages,
developments, etc.) will be the responsibility of WNAS, and developed at its discretion. The

28

Recreation and Protected Areas Division facilitates information exchange between WNAS,
public users, government agencies and other interest groups and individuals.

4.5 EDUCATIONAL/INTERPRETIVE PROGRAMMING

The WNAS is responsible for developing any educational and interpretive programs that it
wishes for the site. Such programming will depend on the society's available volunteer time and
funding. The Recreation and Protected Areas Division will assist with some logistical support
and technical advice, within existing staffing and budgets.

29

5.0 ADMINISTRATION

Administration and management are currently the joint responsibility of WNAS, Recreation and
Protected Areas Division of Alberta Environment, and Public Lands Branch of Alberta
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. Other government agencies and local authorities will
be consulted. However, a user-maintained site philosophy will prevail.

5.1 ROLE OF THE WAGNER NATURAL AREA SOCIETY

Volunteers from the public will be encouraged to participate in the management of this site. The
WNAS is the major public sponsor for the Natural Area and other interested publics will be
encouraged to volunteer through that society. Through the lease arrangement that the society has
with Alberta Environment, the society has "exclusive possession" of the Natural Area and can
legally control or restrict public access to the site at its discretion. The society is responsible for
developing those facilities and programs that are of interest to it, so long as the terms of the
Recreational Lease are met.

5.2 ROLE OF ALBERTA ENVIRONMENT AND ALBERTA AGRICULTURE, FOOD
AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The Department of Environment recognizes WNAS as the major public sponsor of the site. The
department assumes no short- or long-term responsibility for facility development.

As well as staff time allocated to working with WNAS, the Public Lands Branch of Alberta
Agriculture, Food and Rural Development and the Recreation and Protected Areas Division
currently suf)ply administrative coordination, technical advice, some communications, some
signage and reclamation funding for specific projects through existing budgets and coordinate
amendments to this plan.

Staff of Alberta Environment and Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development currently
assist in monitoring the effects of various uses of the site.

Recreation and Protected Areas Division will encourage additional public sponsors such as
industry or philanthropists who wish to donate funds for capital developments. It will also
encourage researchers or others who want to provide inventory information.

5.3 PROCESS FOR PLAN AMENDMENTS

The management plan is based on existing knowledge of the site and consequently is currently
valid. The guidelines will require regular monitoring and evaluation as well as possible
amendment if conditions change or if new information becomes available.

30

Should changes to the management plan be required, the involved agencies/groups will be
consulted for input. After approval, amendments will be noted on the covering sheet at the
beginning of this document. Recreation and Protected Areas Division will coordinate all plan
amendments in consultation with public users and interested agencies.

Major plan revisions will normally be reviewed and considered at five-year intervals. In
exceptional cases, a review may be requested and initiated when substantial issues/concerns arise
or as substantial new information becomes available.

31

6.0 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 WHERE TO FROM HERE?

This plan was developed to set out the management guidelines and intent for the Wagner Natural
Area.

Staff of Recreation and Protected Areas Division will continue to work closely with WNAS in
implementing this plan. As new issues arise, they will be resolved according to the intent for the
site. Necessary amendments to the plan will be dealt with as outlined in Section 5.0.

6.2 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

If you want more information on this plan or the Wagner Natural Area, or on how you can
become involved in public sponsorship, or if you have any comments, please contact either:

Recreation and Protected Areas Division
Alberta Environment

Floor, Oxbridge Place, 9820 - 1 06 St.,
Edmonton, Alberta
T5K 2J6

(780) 427-7009

OR

Public Lands Branch

Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development

Centre Plaza

1 80 Chippewa Road

Sherwood Park, Alberta

T8A 4H5

(780) 464-7955

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APPENDIX

NATURAL AREAS LEGISLATION

"WHEREAS the continuing expansion of industrial development and settlement in Alberta will
leave progressively fewer areas in their natural state; and

WHEREAS it is in the public interest that certain areas of Alberta be protected and managed for
the purposes of preserving their natural beauty and safeguarding them from impairment and
industrial development; and

WHEREAS to carry out these purposes for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future
generations it is desirable to establish certain kinds of areas and reserves and to provide varying
degrees of protection to those areas and reserves; . .

"12.1(1) The Lieutenant Governor in Coimcil may, in order to

(a) protect sensitive or scenic public land from disturbance, and

(b) ensure the availability of public land in a natural state for use by the public for recreation,
education or any other purpose,

by regulation designate any area of public land as a natural area.

(2) Land that has been designated as a natural area under the Public Lands Act, the Provincial
Parks Act or a predecessor of either of those Acts is deemed to have been designated under this
Act, and the designation is continued under this Act.

(3) No disposition as defined in the Public Lands Act or timber dispositions as defined in the
Forests Act shall be made by or on behalf of the Crown in relation to land in a natural area
without the consent of the Minister.

(13) A person who is guilty of an offence under this Act or the regulations is liable

(a) for the first offence, to a fine of not less than $50 and not more than $1000 and in defauh of
payment to imprisonment for a term of not more than 60 days,

(b) for a 2""^ offence, to a fine of not less than $ 1 00 and not more than $5000 and in default of
payment to imprisonment for a term of not more than 120 days, and

- (c) for a 3'*^ or subsequent offence

(i) in the case of a natural person, to imprisonment for a term of not less than one month and not
more than 6 months, or

(ii) in the case of a corporation, to a fine of not less than $10 000 and not more than $50 000.

(14) (1) The Lieutenant Govemor in Council may make regulations respecting the administration,
management, operation and utilization of natural areas.

33

(2) A regulation under subsection (1) may transfer to any Minister of the Crown powers and
duties under this Act in relation to all or any part of a natural area.

From: Government of Province of Alberta, 1981. Wilderness Areas, Ecological Reserves and
Natural Areas Act. Queen's Printer, Edmonton, Alberta.

34

OBJECTIVES OF THE WAGNER NATURAL AREA

SOCIETY

To protect the physical and biotic integrity of that area of land known as the Wagner fen and
to prevent environmental damage to the area.

To ensure the preservation of the character and biological diversity of the Wagner fen for
educational, scientific and research purposes.

To encourage and promote nature-oriented activities. For greater certainty, but not so as to
restrict the generality of the foregoing, these activities shall involve pedestrian traffic only
and shall not involve motorized, vehicular or equestrian traffic.
Generally to encourage and foster and develop among its members and the public a
recognition of the importance of environmental conservation and responsible management of
natural areas with the least possible disruption by man.

To acquire lands by purchase, lease or otherwise, and to implement management or
other plans to further the objects of the society.

35

Wagner Natural Area
Wildfire Management
Plan

Date Prepared: June 1997 (revisions June 1999)

36

OUTLINE

I. Introduction

Objective
Values at risk

Risk and hazard of Wildfire
Description of area

II. Action Plan

General description:

access

water

geography
Contacts:

Emergency

Parkland County Fire Service
RCMP

Alberta Environment, Land and Forest Service
Alberta Environment, Natural Resources Service
Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Public Lands
Wagner Natural Area Society
Parkland Ambulance Authority
Map Summary:

Control Points
Fuel types
Problem areas

III. Recommendations

Needs

Maintenance
Future requirements

IV. Map

37

I. Introduction

The Wagner Natural Area Wildfire Management Plan was prepared with input
from all concerned Alberta Government Departments, Parkland County and
the Wagner Natural Area Society.

Objectives

The wildfire suppression plan for the Wagner Natural Area has three main objectives:

1 ) Identify steps that can be taken to help prevent wildfire in the natural area.

2) Ensure wildfire suppression activities do not cause large-scale damage to
the natural area.

3) Identify future steps that can be taken to reduce the risk and intensity
of wildfires in the natural area.

Values at Risk

The Wagner Natural Area is valued for the 1 6 different species of orchids that originate
on site. The natural area also has a unique set of marl ponds complete with the marshy
habitat that surrounds these ponds. The Wagner Natural Area has been the site of
numerous studies involving the associated birds, insects and plant life found in the area.
Some of these studies have been international in stature.

Risk and Hazard of Wildfire

The main risk of wildfire in the natural area comes from human-caused fires. With the
number of people visiting the natural area and the large number of people living in the
surrounding vicinity, the threat of wildfire is high. The greatest fire hazard is during the
cured grass stage, which occurs twice a year. The cured grass stage is that time of year
when the grass is dead and brown, this occurs usually in the spring from the "snow-free"
period to the end of May, and after the first good fall frost — end of Sept. to snow cover.
Past history indicates that the potential for a severe fall grass hazard is rare. The hay
fields and marshy grasslands around the marl ponds (access to these areas is available via
foot paths) poses the greatest hazard during the spring.

38

Description of the Area

The Wagner Natural Area is located approximately 7-8 km west of Edmonton on
highway 16. The Natural Area covers approximately 155 ha of boreal forest. The area is
surrounded by farmland and residential acreage developments. The dominant tree species
is aspen, with pockets of black spruce and tamarack in the transition zone between the
aspen and marl ponds.

11. Action Plan

General Description

Under normal conditions a wildfire in the Wagner Natural Area would be a surface fire
confined to the grass fuel types and the surface fuels of the aspen cover type. Under
severe burning conditions, the black spruce would carry a crown fire; however, the areas
of black spruce are not large enough to cause a great deal of control problems. Fuel types
near the acreage developments are predominantly white spruce stands with only moderate
surface fuels and low crown fire potential. Under normal burning conditions the County
of Parkland fire suppression forces could use direct attack methods on a fire with water
back packs, hand tools and fire pumps. This approach would cause minimal damage to
the soils and surrounding vegetation. In cases where the fire could not be controlled by
direct attack methods and ground forces, indirect methods could be employed fi-om a
number of different anchor points around the Natural Area.

The risk of a wildfire escaping the Natural Area or coming into the Natural Area is
minimal. The site is bordered by roads on the north and west sides, grazing land to the
south, and the overpass road in the northeast comer. A small strip remains in the
southeast comer near Osborne acres where the fire fuel is not broken. However, a clear
right of way is present with only light surface fuel on site.

To minimize the effect of fire suppression activities on the Natural Area, heavy
equipment like dozers, nodwells and backhoes will not be used. Tank trucks and fire
trucks will be confined to existing roads and hay fields within the Natural Area. ATVs
used to support fire action will be kept to existing trails and fields.

Access

The Natural Area has good all-weather access to it from all directions. Highway 16 runs
along the north edge, a gravel road running north/south up the west side. The east side
can be accessed via Osborne Acres' road or the overpass road. The Natural Area has a
gravel access road coming off the junction highway and the north/south gravel road. This
access road goes to a small parking area on the north edge of the Natural Area. From this

39

parking area, access to the site can be gained though a wire gate. Once through the gate a
short road leads into the Natural Area's picnic shelter. All of the above roads will support
tank trucks and fire trucks.

The three small hay fields within the Natural Area provide good access for pick-ups and
ATVs; however, the ground would be too soft for fu-e trucks. There are a number of small
trails in the Natural Area that provide ATV access to support fire suppression efforts.
Minimal access from the south can be gained across private pastureland.

Access via helicopter in and around the Natural Area is good. Natural openings in the
forest cover, marshes aroimd the marl ponds within the site, and human-made clearings
and fields in and adjacent the Natural Area all make good landing sites

Water

There are a number of water source areas scattered within the Natural Area. The marl
ponds provide a good water source for portable fire pumps and helicopter buckets. In the
spring of the year, standing water can be found throughout the low areas. This water will
provide a good source to refill backpacks, plus support a float pump or mini fire pump
operation.

Big Lake and more marl ponds can also be found to the north of the Natural Area across
highway 16.

The use of foam and/or fire retardant should not pose any problems in the Natural Area.
Geography

The gentle rolling topography found in the Natural Area will not have any major effect on
fire behavior. There is no great change in elevation or any sustained slopes that would
create a deterrent to suppression efforts and/or increase the intensity of a wildfire.

40

Contacts

The lead contact for fire is Parkland county

EMERGENCY CONTACTS

FIRE 911 or 963-9111

RCMP 911 or 963-7112

AMBULANCE 911

Parkland Country Jim Phelan 963-8474

RCMP Stony Plain 963-71 12

Department of Alberta Environment, Land and Forest Service

Athabasca District WesNimco Work 675-8168 home 675-2205

Provincial Forest Fire Centre 427-6807 or 427-FIRE ( collect)

In the event of a wildfire the following people should be contacted for land management
and environmental concems.

Alberta Environment, Natural Resources Service, Parks

Andy McCracken Work 892-2702 Home 892-4583
Tom Sutherland Work 892-2702 Home 892-7852

Alberta Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Public Lands Section

Wayne Holland Work 464-7855 Home 892-4583

Wagner Natural Area Society

Pat Clayton Work 453-8629 Home 456-9046

Alice Hendry Work Home 962-4836

Derek Johnson Work 435-7306 Home 436-8231

Irl Miller Work Home 455-3866

41

Map summary

Control Points

Under most wildfire situations in the Natural Area a direct attack method will be
implemented. However, in cases where the fire is too intense and indirect methods must
be implemented, there are a number of control points available for suppression efforts.

All roads in and around the Natural Area provide good control points for indirect
attack methods. The hay fields, when cut, can also provide a good anchor point. A chain
of marl ponds and grass-covered marshes, running north-south through the middle of the
Natural Area, can be used as a control point under the right conditions.

On the east side of the Natural Area is a outline and wide utility right of way. These
human-created clearings would provide a reasonable control point fi-om which to anchor.
They are covered in grass and light brush; however, this should pose no major problem as
a base for efforts to establish and control a backfire.

Because the Natural Area is surrounded by farm land and roads, with the exception of
the southeast comer, any large-scale wildfire should be easily contained inside the
Natural Area or in turn stopped firom coming into the Natural Area.

Fuel Types

The Wagner Natural Area has a mixture a fuel types , fi-om light-fueled open grasslands
(01) to pockets of large white spruce (M2). The site also contains large areas of aspen
types, willow/grass types and black spruce/tamarack types throughout. Small pockets of
pure mature black spruce (C2) are also found in the Wagner Natural Area.

There is no single fuel type large enough to sustain a continuous crown fire of any size.
There is, however, a good potential of candling and torching in numerous parts of the
Natural Area.

In drier years, areas of deep duff found within the Natural Area will make mop up
and control difficult. This in turn can translate into a more severe disturbance upon the
site to make complete fire extinguishment more difficult.

42

Problem Areas

From a control point of view, the area next to Osborne Acres could cause the greatest
problems. The area has some pockets of heavy fuel and the greatest risk of fire starts.
Residents of this acreage development frequent the area, both by foot and ATV.

There is also a small spot along an old access trail, just west off the utility right of way,
which people frequent for random recreational purposes complete with campfires. The
potential of a fire in the forest fuel around the "party spot" is high.

Ill Recommendations

Needs

1) In the area of fire prevention the following sign program should be adopted:

a) "no smoking" signs at the gate, shelter, place along the trails

b) large "no fire" signs at gate, shelter, along trail and random recreational area

c) a large sign at gate and picnic shelter "to report fires or other emergency call 911"

2) Have a key for the gate delivered to the Parkland County Fire Service.

3) Parkland Country Fire Service to acquire a float pump for the nearest fire station that
services the Natural Area. (These steps took place shortly after a joint meeting in April
of 1997.)

Maintenance

1) Continue to have the "hay fields" cut and baled. This practice greatly reduces the risk
of fire and makes any fire that does occur very easy to control.

2) The Wagner Natural Area Society must continue to update the phone list and contacts
named within this plan.

3) Maintain and upgrade sign program.

43

Future Requirements

The Wagner Natural Area Society should implement the following recommendations:

1 ) Some type of fuel modification should be done within the Natural Area near Osborne
Acres. This could take the form of thinning, pruning or removal of downed and dead
fuel. The fuel modification would make control efforts easier and reduce the risk of a
crown fire.

2) If the number of people using the Natural Area increases over the years, it may become
necessary to develop an evacuation plan. This plan should include an alternate exit out
of the area, plus a map included in the Natural Area (handout and on a map sign) near
the parking area.

44

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