Weed management guide for commercial vegetable growers, 1986

Q.630.7
116c
no. 907
1986
cop. 5

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2011 with funding from

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

http://www.archive.org/details/weedmanagementgu1986urba

CIRCULATING C:

AGRICULTURE LIBRARY

Weed Management Guide 1986

FOR COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE GROWERS

nmiHEHnmHMiii

Restricted -use herbicides are identified with an asterisk(*).

You must be certified as a pesticide applicator to use restricted-use pesticides.

See your county Extension adviser in agriculture for information.

t,u«eu5SS7

Weed growth reduces the income of vegetable grow-
ers in the United States by millions of dollars annually
as a result of lower yields, poorer quality, and added
labor in harvesting and processing.

This guide should be used together with the grower's
knowledge of soil types and the crop and weed history
of the area to be treated. Whether to use herbicides or
other means of weed control depends in part on the
severity of past weed infestations. In some instances,
mechanical control may be sufficient. If so, shave off
weeds with a sharp hoe or cultivator while gently break-
ing up the crust. Deep tillage causes severe injury to
many shallow-rooted plants and helps place a fresh
supply of weed seeds in position to germinate. Keeping
equipment sharp and in good condition will help reduce
injury to desirable plants. Hoe carefully around your
plants, and hand pull weeds close to the plants.

For warm season crops such as fresh market to-
matoes, peppers, eggplant, okra, cucumbers, and melon,
black polyethylene mulch will control annual weeds,
conserve moisture, and increase the soil temperature in
early spring. The higher temperature increases early
season growth. Natural mulch materials may require
considerable hand labor for application. Most organic
materials are bulky and must be hauled to the place of
use. This is a problem for large commercial plantings.
Organic mulches tend to reduce soil temperature.

Herbicide application may be needed in addition to
mechanical control. Several herbicides may be sug-
gested for some crops. These herbicides have shown
good control with no injury to the vegetables under test
conditions. Not all herbicides cleared for use on a species
are necessarily listed. Where the choice of more than
one herbicide is suggested, the decision rests with the
grower and is based on his knowledge of past weed
infestations, crop rotations, and material costs. Where
one herbicide will not control the weeds present, a com-
bination of herbicides may be suggested. When using
a herbicide for the first time, it is advisable to use a
small-scale trial.

These suggestions for weed control in vegetables are

based on research at the Illinois Agricultural Experi-
ment Station, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and
other research institutions. The University7 of Illinois
and its agents assume no responsibility for results from
the use of herbicides, whether or not they were used in
accordance with suggestions, recommendations, or direc-
tions of the manufacturer or any governmental agency.

Reading the label of the herbicide container is the
most profitable time you spend in weed control. Use
of the material and methods of application and use de-
pend on registration of the herbicide by federal and
state Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA). Do
not use any herbicide unless the label states that it is
cleared for the use on the crop to be treated.

Herbicides are being classified for general use or re-
stricted use by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. A person wishing to use a herbicide classified
for restricted use must be certified as a private or com-
mercial pesticide applicator by the Illinois Department
of Agriculture. Contact your county Extension adviser
in agriculture for details about this program. Only a
few herbicides have been classified at this time.

When applying mixtures of chemicals, the user as-
sumes responsibility for freedom from residues if the
mixture is not labeled by the EPA.

Suggestions sometimes change during the growing
season, based on EPA clearances that were made after
this circular was issued. This publication, printed once
a year, is subject to change without notification.

Watch for notice of changes in the EPA registration
of herbicides (as released by the EPA) in the Illinois
Vegetable Farmer's Letter and the Insect, Weed, and
Plant Disease Survey Bulletin. Subscription forms for
the latter are available from the Agricultural Newsletter
Service, 116 Mumford Hall, 1301 West Gregory Drive,
Urbana, Illinois 61801, or your county Extension Office.
You can obtain the Vegetable Farmer's Letter from
Vegetable Crops Extension, University of Illinois, 1103
West Dorner Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Some
changes will be released through the Vegetable Growers
"Hotline."

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Prepared by the Department of Horticulture (revised annually)

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
CIRCULAR 907 (October 1985)

For Application During the Growing Season (1986 Only)

Crop

Active ingredient

per acre Weeds

Treatment actually covered* controlled

Timing of application
(based on crop stage)

Remarks, cautions, limitations

Asparagus Amiben
(seedlings)

3 lb.

Annuals

Immediately after seeding

Irrigation or rainfall after treatment will give maximum
control.

Asparagus dalapon

(established

plantings)b,c

diuron

Princep
Sinbar

5-10 lb.
1-4 lb.

Perennial grass End of harvest season
following disking

Annuals

metribuzin

3-4 lb. Annuals

1.2-2.4 lb. Annuals

1-2 lb. Primarily broad-

leaf weeds

In spring, after harvest, or
both

In spring, after harvest, or
both

In spring, after harvest, or
both

Early spring before the
spears emerge or
after harvest

Apply when grass weeds are 3 to 4 in. tall. Direct spray
under fern growth. Use surfactant as directed on label.

Apply after disking. Do not exceed 6 lb. per growing
season ; use a lighter rate on sandy soil. With diuron and
Princep, a spring application may be sufficient after the
first year.

Apply after disking. Do not treat during the last year in
asparagus because of residue.

Use lower rates on coarse soils. Do not apply more than
2.4 lb. per acre per year. Do not use on soils with less
than 1 percent organic matter. Do not plant to any other
crop for two years after application.

Apply after disking. Do not apply within 14 days of har-
vest. Can help control broadleaf weeds when used with
dalapon, diuron, or Princep. Do not apply more than 2
lb./acre per growing season.

Preemergence
Beans, dry, Treflan 0.5-075 lb.

lima and snapd

Basalin 0.75-1.5 lb.

dinoseb 6-7.5 lb.

Postemergence

Basagran

0.75-1 lb.

Annuals*

(primarily grasses)
Annuals

(primarily grasses)
Annuals

Annual broad-
leaf weeds,
Canada thistle,
nutsedge

Preplant soil application, in-
corporate with soil immediately
Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil immediately
Can be used between planting
and crop emergence

When weeds are small and are
actively growing; after the
first trifoliate leaf appears on
beans

Plant crop immediately, or within 3 weeks after applica-
tion. Can use up to 1 lb. per acre on dry beans.

Do not use on light, sandy soil. Some stand reduction may
result from use. See label for precautions.

Can provide good, broad-spectrum control when combined
with a grass-active herbicide. Do not mix with other pes-
ticides. See Basagran entry under corn, postemergence for
Canada thistle and nutsedge control.

Beans, snap Amiben

EPTC

Eptam Extra
EPTC

+
Trefian
Dacthal

2-2.5 lb.
3 1b.
2-3 lb.

0.5-0.75 lb.
6-10 lb.

Broad spectrum
of annual weeds
Annual grasses
and nutgrass'

Preemergence only

Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil immediately
Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil immediately

Do not use on sandy soils or those with less than 19c
organic matter.

Research results have shown this combination to control
a broader spectrum of weeds than either herbicide alone.

Annuals*
(primarily grasses)

Immediately after seeding Do not feed treated plant parts to livestock.

Beans, lima Amiben
and dry

Dual

Lasso

2-3 lb.
1.5-3 lb
2-3 lb.

Broad spectrum
of annual weeds

Annuals

Annuals

Immediately after seeding,
or preplant-incorporated for
lima beans

Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil, or pre-
emergence

Lima beans : preplant soil ap-
plication, incorporate into
upper 1 to 2 inches, or pre-
emergence. Dry beans: pre-
plant soil application, incor-
porate into upper 1 to 2 inches,
or preemergence

Field may be rotary-hoed without destroying herbicide
action.

Beans, dry

EPTC

+
Treflan
Sonalan

2-3 lb.

0.5-0.75 lb.

0.5-1.5 lb. Annual grass
and nightshade

Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil immediately

Preplant soil application, in-
corporate with soil immediately

Research results have shown this combination to control
a broader spectrum of weeds than either herbicide alone

Sonalan has a tank mix or overlay label for dry beans
with Amiben, Dual, Eptam, Lasso, or Basagran.

Beets,
garden*1

Pyramin
Ro-Neet

4 1b.

4 1b.

Annuals
(primarily
broadleaved)
Annual grasses

Preemergence or after beets
emerge and before weeds
have two true leaves
Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil immediately

Rainfall or irrigation needed to activate. Where grasses

are a severe problem, use 4 lb. of Pyramin plus 4 lb. of

Ro-Neet.

Use a combination treatment with Pyramin to broaden

control spectrum.

Broccoli*1

Brussels

sproutsd

Cabbage*1

Cauliflower*1

Direct-seeded or transplanted
Treflan 0.5-0.75 lb. Annuals'

(primarily grasses)

Preplant soil application, incor-
porate with soil immediately

Dacthal 6-10 lb. Annuals"

(primarily grasses)

Immediately after seeding. Can
also be incorporated preplant

Stunting or growth reduction may occur at recom-
mended rates under growth stress conditions. Can use
up to 1 lb. per acre on transplants.

Devrinol 1-2 lb. Annuals I 'replant soil incorporated Devrinol performs better when used in combination with

a second herbicide than when used alone.

Broccoli
Brussels
sprouts
Cauliflower

All notes are at the end of this table (page 6).

Crop

<^0f '

kc*x

For Application During the Growing Season (continued)

Active ingredient

per acre Weeds

Treatment actually covered* controlled

Timing of application
(based on crop stage)

Remarks, cautions, limitations

Carrot sd

Preemergence
T re flan

0.5-1 lb.

Annuals* Preplant soil application,

(primarily grasses) incorporate with soil immedi-
ately

Postemergence

linuron 0.75-1.5 lb.

Annuals

Stoddard
Solvent

60-80 gal. Annuals

Postemergence on carrots only
after the crop is 3 in. tall ;
grasses, less than 2 in. ; broad-
leaves, less than 6 in.

After two true leaves have
appeared (do not apply to
carrots or parsnips after they
are V4 in- in diameter, since
an oily taste may result)

Seed after application to 3 weeks later.

Do not feed treated foliage to livestock or replant treated
area for 4 months. More than one application may be
made, but do not exceed a total of 2 lb. per acre. Do
not use over 40 PSI. Use no surfactants when tempera-
tures exceed 80° F., or crop injury may result.

Most effective when sprayed on cloudy days or during
high humidity, and when weeds are not more than 2 inches
high. May not control ragweed. Do not apply within 40
days of harvest. Can be used on celery, dill, parsnips, and
parsley.

Corn, popd

Preemergence
atrazine

Bladex
Dual

Eradicane,

2-3 lb. (See sweet corn) (See sweet corn)

(See remarks) Annuals Preemergence only

1.5-3 lb.

4-6 lb.

Eradicane Extra
Lasso 2-4 lb.

Princep 2-4 lb.

Sutan+ 3-4 lb.

Postemergence

Annuals Preplant soil application,

incorporate with soil,
or preemergence

Difficult-to-control Preplant soil application,

weeds

Annuals

Annuals

2,4-D
Basagran

0.5 lb.
0.75-1 lb.

Primarily
annual grasses

Broadleaved
weeds

Broadleaved an-
nual weeds,
Canada thistle,
and nut sedge

incorporate with soil

Preemergence

Preemergence

Preplant soil application,
incorporate with soil

Postemergence

(See sweet corn)

See sweet corn, except the section on preemergence com-
binations.

Some pop corn varieties are sensitive to the application
rate. (See remarks on Bladex under sweet corn.)

See sweet corn.

See sweet corn.

Plant only crops so specified on the label the following
year. Do not graze treated areas.
See sweet corn.

Apply when corn is 3 to 10 in. tall.
(See sweet corn)

_orn.
»weetc

Preemergence
atrazine

2-3 lb.

Annuals, annual
and perennial
grasses"

Bladex

(See remarks) Annuals

Preemergence, apply no later
than 3 weeks after seeding.
Shallow cultivation may im-
prove weed control during
dry weather.

Preemergence only

Dual

1.5-3 lb.

Eradicane, 4-6 lb.

Eradicane Extra 4 lb.

Annuals Preplant soil application,

incorporate with soil,
or preemergence
Difficult-to-control Preplant soil application,
weeds incorporate with soil

Lasso
propachlor

butylate +

2-4 lb.
4-6 lb.

Annuals
Annuals

Preemergence
Preemergence

3-4 lb. Primarily Preplant soil application,

annual grasses incorporate with soil
Combinations

Dual, Eradicane, Eradicane Extra, Lasso, propachlor, and Sutan-f- may be
the spectrum of weed control and reduce residue and carryover. See labels of

Postemergence
2,4-D 0.5 lb.

(amine)
orn continued on the next page.

Broadleaved
weeds

Postemergence

Grow corn a second year without atrazine treatment. This
chemical has a high soil residue. Do not plant other vege-
table crops on a sprayed area until a second year of corn
has been grown. Use atrazine where quackgrass is a prob-
lem. Residue hazard decreased when banded or in com-
bination with Lasso, propachlor, or Sutan.
Some sweet corn varieties are sensitive to the application
rate. Has been shown to have less soil residue than atra-
zine. See label for rates and precautions. Do not use post-
emergence, or on sandy or loamy-sandy soils (under 1
percent organic matter). Can be combined with other
herbicides to reduce the rate being used. NOTE: The
Shell Chemical Co. has a bulletin on using Bladex on pop
and sweet corn.

Use to control weeds that are difficult to control with
other herbicides, such as wild cane, nutsedge, quackgrass,
wild Proso millet, and seedling Johnsongrass. Eradicane
Extra contains an "extender" which may lengthen the
period of control in fields where Eradicane control has
been shortened after several years of continuous use.
Preplant incorporation may aid control of nutgrass.
Do not use on sandy soils. Is an excellent herbicide on
soils with a high organic-matter content

Especially useful on sandy soil and where nutgrass is a
problem.

combined with atrazine or Bladex or Basagran to broaden
herbicides for rates and application methods.

Preferably, apply before corn is 6 in. tall. If corn is over
12 in., reduce the rate to V4 lb.

UPnotes are at the end of this table (page 61.

For Application During the Growing Season (continued)

Crop

Active ingredient

per acre Weeds

Treatment actually covered* controlled

Timing of application
(based on crop stage)

Remarks, cautions, limitations

Corn,
sweet
(continued) e,d

atrazine

Basagran

2 1b.

0.75-1 lb.

Annuals, annual
and perennial
grasses'1

Broadleaved an-
nual weeds,
Canada thistle,
and nutsedge

Directed spray 3 weeks
after emergence

Early postemergence when the
weeds are small and actively
growing. Delay will result in
less control.

Can be combined with crop oils for postemergence appli-
cation as emergency measure. This may increase residue
the following year; preemergence use preferred. Do not S
graze or feed treated foliage for 21 days after treatment. 1
For Canada thistle and nutsedge, split applications are '
preferred. Make the first one when the plants are 6 to 8 J
in. tall ; for nutsedge, 7 to 10 days later ; for Canada •
thistle, 10 to 14 days later (or use one application plus
cultivation). Do not mix with other pesticides.

Cucumbers Alanap L

Muskmelons"

Watermelons'

\miben

Pre far

Pre far

plus Alanap L

3-5 lb.
3-3.5 lb.
2-3 lb.
4-6 lb.

4 1b.
+2-3 lb.

Annuals'

Annuals

Immediately after seeding

or transplanting

After transplanting or vining

Direct-seeded application

of a spray
Annuals Preplant soil application,

(primarily grasses) incorporate with soil

immediately

Grasses and
broadleaved

Preplant light incorporation

Do not use on cold soil. Rainfall or irrigation after treat-
ment gives maximum control.

Keep away from foliage. Apply to soil after the weeds-
have been removed.

Use only when protected by an application of activated
carbon. See Amiben label for other instructions.
Is primarily a grasskiller. Consult label for sensitive
crops within 18 months after application. Can be used in
rotation with tomatoes, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce,
carrots, onions, and summer squash within 18 months.
Soybeans can be planted 12 months after application.
Has value for broad-spectrum weed control. Consult label
for sensitive crops within 18 months after Prefar applica-
tion. Has EPA approval as a tank mixture.

weeds
Where earliness is desired, black polyethylene mulch can be used as an alternative to herbicides. It will control annual weeds, conserve!
moisture, and increase the soil temperature in early spring.

Eggplant Dacthal

6-10 lb. Annuals' After plants are established,

(primarily grasses) 4-6 weeks after transplanting

Cultivate and weed prior to application. Can be applied'
to plants as part of a uniform soil application.

Devrinol 1-2 lb. Annuals Preplant soil incorporation For use in transplanted eggplant.

Where earliness is desired, black polyethylene mulch can be used as an alternative to herbicides. It will control annual weeds, conserve

moisture, and increase the soil temperature in early spring.

Greens
(for beets,
mustard
greens, and
spinach —
see note d)

Dacthal
Treflan

Furloe

6-10 lb. Annuals* Immediately after seeding For use on collards, kale, mustard greens, and turnips.

(primarily grasses)
0.5-0.75 lb. Annuals* Preplant soil application, in- For use on collards, kale, mustard greens, and turnip

(primarily grasses) corporate with soil immediately greens. ,

1-2 lb. Primarily broad- Preemergence For spinach only. Use lower rates in cool, wet weather.

leaved annuals

Horseradish* Dacthal

6-10 lb. Annuals* Immediately after

(primarily grasses) transplanting

Preplant soil incorporation
Incorporate with soil
immediately

Preemergence or preplant-
incorpo rated

Lettuce*'* Balan

Kerb

1.5 lb.
1-2 lb.

Annuals

Annuals

Is primarily a grasskiller. Seed after application to 3
weeks later. Do not plant wheat, barley, rye, grass, onions,
oats, beets, or spinach for 12 months after application.
Do not use when the air temperature exceeds 85° F. Use<
the lower rates listed on sandy soil. Do not use on peat or
muck soils. See label for rotation crops. For best results,
rainfall or irrigation is needed 1 to 2 days after applica-
tion, especially during warm weather.

Okra*

Dual

1.5-3 lb. Annuals

Preplant soil application,

incorporate with soil,

or preemergence
Enide 3-5 lb. Annuals At planting

Treflan 0.5-1 lb. Annuals Preplant soil application,

(primarily grasses) incorporate with soil

immediately
Where earliness is desired, black polyethylene mulch can be used as an alternative to herbicides. It will control annual weeds, conserve
moisture, and increase the soil temperature in early spring.

Onions*

Preemergence
Dacthal

6-10 lb.

Annuals' Immediately after seeding

(primarily grasses) or transplanting

May not kill smartweed or common ragweed. Can be used
on seeds, sets, or seedlings. Use only on mineral soils.
Use lower rates on sandy soils. A double application of
Dacthal can be used at seeding, layby, or both.

Postemergence

Goal 0.12 lb.

Furloe

Brominal

3-6 lb.

Broadleaved
weeds

Broadleaved
weeds (especially
smartweed)

0.25-0.38 lb. Broadleaved
weeds

Postemergence after onions
have 2 true leaves or to trans-
plants. Best control when weeds
are in 2- to 4-leaf stage.
On seeded onions :
loop stage or after 3- to
4-leaf stage

When onions have 2 to 5
true leaves

Multiple applications may be made, but do not exceed
0.5 lb. per season. Use in combination with a pn
emergence grass herbicide.

C

In later sprays, direct at base of onion plant. If applied
more than once, do not exceed 6 lb. per acre for the
season. Use lower rates in cool, wet weather. Use no
later than 30 days before harvest. Do not use on sandy
soils.

Use 50 to 70 gallons of water per acre. Apply wher
onion foliage is dry for greatest crop safety. Suggestec
temperature for spraying is 80° F with low humidity.

At) notes are at the end of this table (page 6).

For Application During the Growing Season (continued)

Crop

Active ingredient

per acre Weeds

Treatment actually covered'1 controlled

Timing of application
(based on crop stage)

Remarks, cautions, limitations

Peas"

Preemergence

propachlor

Treflan

Treflan

+
Surflan

Basalin

Dual

4-5 lb. Annuals Preemergence

0.5-0.75 lb. Annuals* Preplant soil incorporation,

incorporate with soil

immediately
0.5 lb. Annuals Preplant soil application,

+ incorporate with soil

0.5 lb. immediately

0.5-0.75 lb. Annuals Preplant soil application,

(primarily grasses) incorporate with soil
immediately

1.5-3 lb. Annuals Preplant soil application,

incorporate with soil,
or preemergence

Do not use on sandy soil.

Seed after application to 3 weeks later. Some reduction

of growth and stand reduction possible under stress. May

suppress some root rot.

Do not use on soils of less than 1.5 percent organic

matter. May suppress Aphanomyces root rot. May

broaden weed control more than either herbicide alone.

Do not feed forage to livestock. Do not plant any root

crop for 12 months after application.

Preemergence or Postemergence
dinoseb 0.3-9 lb. Annuals

(primarily broad-
leaved weeds)

Postemergence
Basagran

0.75-1 lb.

MCPB

MCPA
(Na salt)
Vacate
(MCPA amine)

1 lb.
0.25-0.5 lb.

0.115-0.154
lb.

Annual broad-
leaved weeds,
Canada thistle,
nutsedge

Broadleaved
.weeds and
Canada thistle

Preemergence or
postemergence

When weeds are small and are
actively growing; after peas
have 3 pairs of leaves (or
4 nodes)

When peas are 3-7 in.
tall and no later than 4
nodes prior to pea blossom

Preemergence, use 6 to 9 lb.; postemergence, use 0.3
to 1.1 lb. Apply prior to bloom when peas are 2 to 8 in.
tall. See label for further precautions. Preemergence use
may help suppress root rot.

Can help control Canada thistle. Can provide good, broad-
spectrum control when used with a grass-active herbicide.
Do not mix with other pesticides. See Basagran entry
under corn, postemergence for Canada thistle and nut-
grass control. Do not use crop oil.

May delay maturity 1 to 4 days. Use at least 20 gallons
of water per acre. Do not feed vines to livestock.
MCPA is more effective on mustard. MCPB or Vacate
may be less injurious to peas.

Potatoes,
Irish'-

Dual
EPTC

Treflan

linuron

dalapon
metribuzin

Prowl

Surflan

1.5-3 lb.
3-6 lb.

0.5-1 lb.
0.75-2 lb.

rib.

Annuals

Drag-off treatment
at emergence

Drag-off treatment at emer-
gence or preplant soil
application ; incorporate
with soil immediately
Drag-off treatment at
(primarily grasses) emergence

Annuals Apply prior to potato

emergence

Annual grasses
and nutgrass'

Annuals*

Quackgrass

0.25-0.5 lb Annuals

(primarily
broadleaved)

0.75-1.5 lb. Annuals

0.75-1 lb. Annuals

Before plowing in spring;
wait 4 days before plowing
and planting

Postemergence, following a
preemergence grass
herbicide

Drag- off treatment
at emergence
Postemergence

Labeled for use in a tank mix with Lorox.
Use lower rate on sandy soil.

Use a light incorporation.

Plant tubers at least 2 in. deep. Do not replant treated area
to other crops for 4 months after treatment. May injure
crop on light, sandy soil. Do not apply over exposed tubers.
Labeled for use in a tank mix with Dual.
Not for fields intended for red-skinned varieties or White
Rose. Do not plant potatoes for 4 weeks. Use surfactant
as directed on label.

Can be used preemergence also. Do not exceed 1 lb.
per acre in a season. Do not apply within 60 days of
harvest. Do not use on red-skinned or early-maturing
white varieties. Do not apply in cool, wet weather.
Use a light incorporation within 7 days. May be com-
bined with Sencor/Lexone, EPTC, or linuron.

May be tank mixed with metribuzin for broader control.

Potatoes, Dacthal 6-10 lb. Armials*

sweet" (primarily grasses)

Amiben 3 lb. Annuals

Enide 4-6 lb. Annuals

Immediately after planting

Immediately after planting
Immediately after trans-
planting

Do not plant nonapproved crops on treated soil during the
same season.

Squash
Pumpkins

Amiben

Prefar

3-4 lb.
4-6 lb.

Annuals

Annuals
(primarily

As soon after seeding as
possible, or preplant-
incorporated
Preplant soil application,
grasses) incorporate with soil
immediately

Use on loam soils. Amiben can be applied broadcast or
banded over the row in pumpkins.

Use on sandy soils. Is primarily a grasskiller. Consult
label for sensitive crops within 18 months after applica-
tion. Can be used in rotation only with tomatoes, broccoli,
cauliflower, lettuce, carrots, onions, and summer squash
within 18 months of application. Soybeans can be planted
12 months after application.

All notes are at the end of this table (page 6).

For Application During the Growing Season (continued)

Crop

Active ingredient

per acre Weeds

Treatment actually covered' controlled

Timing of application
(based on crop stage)

Remarks, cautions, limitations

Pumpkins propachlor

4-5 lb.

Annuals

Preemergence

Do not use on sandy soils. For use on processing pump-
kins only. Do not use on "jack-o-lantern" type pumpkins.

Rhubarb* paraquat*

(See following table)

Tomatoes,
direct-seeded
and trans-
planted*

Enide

Devrinol

Amiben

metribuzin

4-6 lb.

1-2 lb.
3-4 lb.

2-3 lb.

Annuals

Annuals

Annuals

Annuals

025-1 lb. Primarily broad-
(min.-max.) leaf. Should be

used with a grass-
active herbicide.
0.25-0.5 lb.

0.25-0.5 lb.

0.5-1 lb.

(For min.-
max. rates)

Preemergence

Preplant soil incorporated

Direct-seeded tomato plants
must have 5-6 true leaves ;
transplants must be established

Direct-seeded application of a
spray application

Preplant incorporated. Post-
emergence, can be broadcast or
directed

Preplant incorporated, trans-
plant tomatoes
Broadcast spray, established
tomatoes

Directed spray, established
tomatoes

Do not plant other food crops on treated areas for 6
months. If used under dry soil conditions, a shallow (1
in.) incorporation as a preplant treatment may improve
weed control. Can also be used on transplanted peppers.
Also used on direct-seeded and transplanted peppers.
Enide + Devrinol is labeled as a tank mixture.
Use granular formulation and apply to dry foliage to
avoid leaf burn. Do not use on sandy soils.

Use only when protected by a band application of a mix-
ture of activated carbon plus vermiculite. See Amiben
label for other use and application instructions.
Apply with ground equipment to seeded and transplanted
tomatoes. Do not use air-blast or other high-pressure:
spray equipment. Do not use on peppers.

Alone or in a tank-mix combination with Treflan.

Single or multiple applications. Minimum of 14 days be-
tween treatments. Direct-seeded plants should have 5 or
6 leaves; transplants should show new growth.
Recommended for use in fields with severe weed prob-
lems, or for fields with hard-to-control weeds.
Do not apply within 7 days of harvest, or within 3 days
following cool, wet, or cloudy weather; otherwise, crop
injury may occur. Do not apply to established tomatoes
within 24 hours after application of other pesticides. Do
not apply more than 1 lb./acre per crop season, or more
than 1 lb./acre within a 35-day period. Allow at least 14
days between applications, regardless of the dosage or
method used. Do not use hot caps on tomatoes within 7
days before application, or at any time afterward. Do not
tank-mix with other pesticides, except Treflan.

Tomatoes
and Peppers,
transplanted

Treflan

0.5-1 lb.

Annuals* Preplant soil application, Some reduction of growth may be possible under growth

(primarily grasses) incorporate with soil stress conditions, or if rates are higher than suggested

immediately for the soil type.

Where earliness is desired, black polyethylene mulch can be used as an alternative to herbicides. It will control annual weeds, conserve

moisture, and increase the soil temperature in early spring.

* Restricted-use herbicide.

» Based on active ingredients (actual amount of active herbicide in material or acid equivalent). Use lower rate on sandy soil and hitrher rate on clay and loam soils. When
using a band application over the row, adjust amount of material applied to the part of an acre treated. b For perennial weed control, applications during and outside the growing
season, see the following table. * For stale seedbeds, before crop emergence, see the following table. d For perennial grass control, applications outside the growing season, see the
following table. • May not control ragweed and panicum. f May not control smartweed. * M.iy not control ragweed, smartweed, and velvetleaf. h May not control crabgrass.

For Application Outside the Growing Season

Stale seedb»d, before crop emergence
Asparagus paraquat* 0.5-1 lb. All emerged

green foliage

Before crop emergence;
allow maximum weed emer-
gence prior to treatment

Weeds that emerge after treatment will not be controlled!
Crop plants that have emerged at application will be in-
jured. Do not apply within 18 months of harvest. Use
with a preemergence or preplant sustained-action weed
control system.

Rhubarb paraquat*

0.5-1 lb. All emerged Before crop emergence; allow

green foliage maximum weed emergence

prior to treatment but apply
before dormant rhubarb buds
in crown begin to grow.

Weeds that emerge after treatment will not be controlled.

Corn, sweet paraquat*

Lettuce

Melons

Peppers

Potatoes

Tomatoes

0.5-1 lb.

All emerged
green foliage

Before crop emergence

Weeds that emerge after treatment will not be controlled.
Crop plants that have emerged at application will be in-
jured. Use with a preemergence or preplant, sustained-
action weed control system.

♦Restricted-use herbicide. CAUTION: Special care should be taken when handling paraquat (Paraquat and Gramoxone). Wear rubber or
neoprene gloves, a dual cartridge respirator, and an eye shield. Prevent all contact with skin and eyes. Follow closely all precautions outlined
on the product label.

For Application Outside the Growing Season (continued)

Treatment

Active ingredient

per acre
actually covered*

Weeds Timing of application

controlled (based on crop stage)

Crop

Perennial weed control, applications during and outside the growing season
Vsparagus Roundup 2-5 lb. (See remarks) Before emergence, or

with shielded or directed
sprays during fern growth

Remarks, cautions, limitations

Use to control milkweed, thistle, field bindweed, quack-
grass, or Johnsongrass. Apply to quackgrass when it is
6-8 in. tall in the fall or spring. Apply to Johnsongrass
when it is at least 12 in. tall and actively growing. Do not
till for the specified time for each species (see label).
Does not provide residual weed control. Do not mix,
store, or apply Roundup spray solutions in containers or
spray tanks made of galvanized or unlined steel (except
stainless steel).

Perennial grass control, applications outside the growing season

\sparagus Roundup
Jeans, edible
teet greens
teets, red
broccoli
Cabbage
[Cauliflower
iCorn, sweet and pop
lorseradish, as a
I weed and as a crop
erusalem artichoke

2-3 lb.

(See remarks) (See remarks)

Kale

Lentils

Lettuce

Mustard greens

Okra

Onions

Peas

Potato, Irish and sweet

Radishes
Spinach

Use for quackgrass or Johnsongrass control. Apply to
quackgrass when 6 to 8 in. tall in fall or spring. Apply to
Johnsongrass when at least 12 in. tall and actively grow-
ing. Do not till until 3 to 7 days after application. Does
not provide residual weed control. Do not mix, store, or
apply Roundup spray solutions in galvanized steel or un-
lined steel containers (except stainless steel).
For control of volunteer horseradish, apply 3 to 4 lb. in
mid-September. Field should have been disced 4 to 6
weeks prior to application. For this control practice, use
spray coverage only.

Tote: In the suggestions in this publication, trade names of herbicides are usually used. The list below shows trade names and their
Corresponding common names. Restricted-use herbicides are identified with an asterisk (*).

,ommon name

Trade name Common name

ilachlor Lasso

ttrazine AAtrex and Atrazine

)enefin Balan

)ensulide Pref ar

)entazon Basagran

jromoxynil Brominal

xitylate + safener Genate + , Sutan +

:hloramben Amiben

:hlorpropham Furloe

:yanazine Bladex

:ycloate Ro-Neet

ialapon Dowpon

DCPA Dacthal

iinoseb Premerge-3, Sinox,

Dinoseb

Trade name Common name

diphenamid Enide

diuron Karmex and others

ethalfluralin Sonalan

EPTC Eptam, Genep

EPTC + extender Eptam Extra

EPTC+safener Eradicane

EPTC + safener

+ extender Eradicane Extra

fluchloralin Basalin

glyphosate Roundup, Kleen Up

linuron Lorox, Linex

MCPA, MCPB Vacate, numerous

metolachlor Dual

metribuzin Lexone, Sencor

Trade name

napropamide Devrinol

naptalam Alanap L

paraquat* Paraquat,* Gramoxone*

pendimethalin Prowl

pronamide Kerb

propachlor Ramrod, Propachlor

pyrazon Pyramin

oryzalin Surflan

oxyfluorf en Goal

simazine Princep

terbacil Sinbar

trifluralin Treflan

Petroleum solvent Stoddard Solvent

2,4-D (amine) (numerous)

Storing Pesticides and Containers

Keep pesticides and containers in a separate building, room, or enclosure used only for this purpose. Such build-
ing or rooms should be dry, ventilated, and locked. Fence outside storage areas to protect children and animals and
to discourage pilferage. CAUTION: Do not store weedkillers, herbicides, or defoliants in the same room with in-
secticides. Chlorate salts can create a fire or explosion hazard. Remove only the pesticides needed for one day's op-
eration and return empty containers — and any unused pesticide — to the storage area each day.

Disposing of Pesticides and Containers

Surplus pesticides. To dispose of surplus pesticide mixtures, try to find other areas with the same pest
problem and use up any extra tank mix or rinse water on these areas. Do not drain surplus pesticides in any loca-
tion where they can contaminate wells, streams, rivers, lakes, or ponds.

Operators of landfills meeting environmental safety standards can obtain supplemental permits to handle toxic
waste materials, including pesticides. To dispose of large quantities of surplus pesticides, contact the Illinois EPA
Division of Land Pollution Control to locate the nearest landfill with a supplemental permit for toxic waste or to
obtain specific instructions about disposal.

Pesticide containers. All empty pesticide containers, regardless of their type, should be rinsed three times
before disposal. Rinse water should be dumped in the tank. Triple-rinsed containers should be punctured or broken
to facilitate drainage and to prevent reuse for any purpose. They should then be hauled to a sanitary landfill for dis-

posal. Small quantities of containers may be buried singly in open fields, with due regard for the protection of sur-
face and subsurface water.

Illinois regulations permit the burning of combustible containers provided that they are burned on the premises
where they were used, that they are burned more than 1,000 feet from residential areas, that the burning will not
cause undue visibility or environmental hazards, and that no reasonable alternative disposal method is available.

Do not breathe smoke from burning pesticide containers, and do not burn containers that have weedkillers such
as 2,4-D or similar herbicides. When these change to a gas, the vapors may damage nearby crops and shrubbery.
Pesticides containing chlorates may explode when heated and therefore should not be burned.

CAUTION: Banvel (dicamba), 2,4-D, and related chemicals (phenoxys) may seriously damage crops of
grapes, tomatoes, other broadleaf vegetables, fruit trees, and ornamental plants. Spray only on tolerant crops. Before
starting, survey the area for desirable plants that might be damaged by the herbicide. Spraying 2,4-D and Banvel
close to a susceptible crop poses a serious threat. Sprays may drift up to a mile under certain conditions.

Spray on calm days or when there is a light breeze away from the susceptible crop. Use as low a pressure as pos-
sible to reduce drift. Use nozzles that produce large droplets or antidrift additives. Use the amine formulations to
reduce the possibility of vapor drift. Use mechanical methods of weed and brush control where the spray risk is
high.

Use a special sprayer for herbicides such as 2,4-D. Such chemicals are almost impossible to remove complete!}-
from a sprayer, and the remaining traces may contaminate other solutions and damage susceptible crops.

Growers with Several Crops in a Small Area

Growers with several crops in a small area should be especially careful when applying herbicides. The tendency
is to apply more if the quantity measured out "looks" as if it is not enough. A low-percentage granular formulation
is suggested for small areas. Check rates and application techniques on the container label very carefully. Applica-
tions must be accurate and uniform. Excessive amounts may cause injury to present or subsequent crops.

Ideally, a specific herbicide should be fitted to a specific crop species. When growing several different crops in
a small area, however, it is often impractical and expensive to use all the appropriate herbicides. Following are two
herbicides that can be used on a wide range of vegetables.

Dacthal. Dacthal is cleared on a large number of vegetables. As listed in this circular, it may not always be
the herbicide of preference. It can be used on broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, snap beans, mung
beans, Southern peas, soybeans, seeded melons, cucumbers, squash, collards, kale, mustard greens, turnips (root and
greens), garlic, horseradish, onions, potatoes (Irish), sweet potatoes and yams, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, and
strawberries. Do not use on beets or Swiss chard. Dacthal is a preemergence herbicide that must be applied to weed-
free soil. It controls very small weed seedlings soon after the weed seeds germinate. It is most effective if rainfall
occurs or if the soil is irrigated within 2 to 3 days after application.

A one-time application to all species is not always possible because some plants are susceptible to injury in
early-growth stages. It is preferable to use Dacthal at seeding or transplanting time if the species is adapted to it.
When this is not possible, the weeds should be removed and Dacthal applied to prevent further weed development.
Consult the label for the appropriate application time. Dacthal is effective in controlling annual grasses that are a
problem in the spring. Broadleaf weeds that escape control should be mechanically removed.

Treflan. Treflan is widely available because it is used in soybean culture in Illinois. It can be purchased
as a liquid with 4 pounds of active ingredient per gallon for large garden areas or as a low-percentage granular
formulation for smaller areas. The amount of Treflan to use correlates very closely with the type of soil. The ap-
propriate amounts are shown on the container label. Treflan can be used for weed control in beans (green, lima, and
dry), broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, kale, mustard greens, okra, peas, peppers, tomatoes,
and turnip greens. Treflan may injure sweet com.

Treflan must be mixed with or watered into the soil to prevent loss of the chemical from the soil surface. A
rototiller, disc, or similar implement should be used to mix Treflan with the soil to a 3- to 4-inch depth. When it is
impractical to mix Treflan with the soil mechanically, remove all germinated and growing weeds and allow the
herbicide to be carried into the soil through rainfall or sprinkle irrigation. Treflan is quite effective on annual grasses,
but many broadleaf weeds will need to be mechanically removed.

Mulches — see paragraph 3, page 1

Other Publications on Weed Control

Copies of other publications on weed control are available from the office of your county Extension adviser in agriculture and
the Office of Agricultural Publications, 47 Mumford Hall, 1301 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. WILLIAM R. OSCHWALD,
Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Cooperative Extension Service provides equal opportunities in program!
and employment. 5M — 9-85 — 62530 — cl

UNIVERSE OF ILUNOIS-URBAMA

Qc,sa6WNA.-LL

907 REV .1986