The West-American scientist

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Division of Moliasies

The West American Scientist.

Vol. XIII. No. 1.

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Established 1884,

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I August, Ig02. 2

CACTACEAE.

Many people who have been acquaint-
ed only with the prickly pear and the
cholla cactus of the plains—perhaps
to the detriment of their epidermis, will
be surprised to learn that over one
thousand valid species exist, to which
more than three thousand names have
been applied by botanists and _ horti-
culturists.

The following is a nearly complete
list of known species, and a few syno-
nyms are also given. Descriptions of all
will be published eventually we hope,
but this contains much never published,
at least in English, and in this form will
be usetul to many.

Tribe ECHINOCACTEAE.

Calyx tube produced beyond the ovary;
stem covered with elongated tubercles or
ribs, rarely leafy (except when young).

Karl Sehumann, in his monograph, rec-

ognizes 21 genera, including Cereus, Pilo-
cereus, Cephalocereus, Phyilocactus, Epi-
phyllum, Echinopsis, Echinocereus, Ech-
inocactus, Me'’ocactus, and Leuchtenber-
gia in this tribe, in the order named,
making a separate tribe for Mammillaria,
Pelecyphora, and Ariocarpus. Pilocereus,
Cephalocereus, Echinopsis, and Echino-
cereus are better kept as sections of
Cereus; Epiphyllum as a section of Phyl-
locactus; Ariocarpus (Anhalonium) as a
section of Mammillar’a’ His other gen-
era are divided into 3 tribes, Rhipsalidcae,
of 3 genera—Pfeiffera, Hariota and Rhip-
salis (best treated as one); Opuntieae, of
3 genera—Opuntia, Ncpalea and Pterocac-

tus (the 2 latter of doubtful value); and
Peireskieae, including Peireskia and Mai-
huenia.

Genus ANHALONIUM Lemaire.

A. AREOLOSUM Lem.
A. ASELLIFORME Web.

A. elongatum §, is prismaticum.
A. fissipedum Mony, is sulecatum.

ANHALONIUM FISSURATUM E.
Anhalonium Engelmanni Lemaire Cact

42 (1868).

Living Rock, found in Texas and Mex‘co.

“Upper and exposed part of tubercle trian-

gular in outline, convex, carinate and almost

smooth below, convex and variously fissured

and thereby verrucose above, sharp and cre-

nate on the edges.’’—Engelmann.

A. furfuraceum Wat, is prismaticum.

A: jsurdanianum Reb, is Ech‘nocactus
Wiliamsii.

A. kotschoubeyanum Lem, is suleatum.

A. Lewinii Hennings, is Echisoca-tus
Williamsii.

A. PRISMATICUM Lem.

Smple, top flatte-ed or depressed,
more .arely hemisphaerical, center dense-
ly tumeniose, 4-8 inches in diameter, 1-2
(rarely 4) inches above ground, the large
root 4-6 inches below the surface witn
few coarse !.brous rcots; tubercles tri-
ang: lar, acute with a cartilaginous tip,
or obtuse, often ending in a minute de-
pr°ssio or tomentose areola, Spineless,
the keel often with a strong shou der, 1-3
inches .ong, often as wide, axils with
long dense wool, tpper surface snooh
or often more or less roughened: tower's
white’ to rose, 1 inch long, sepals brown-

ish; frvite clavate, scarlet . how-.ee
the Indians, or peyote (a name more
cor monl resiricted to Echi ocact is

Wiliams i). The minute areolae are
sometimes placed on the upper su: face of
the tubercles near the end ,or often ab-
sent. San Luis Potosi (Orcutt 2807),
where numerous specimens exi bt all
the variations necessary to connect sev-
eral alleged species. The type of Wat-
son’s Mammillaria fvrfuracea was col-
lected at Carneros Pass, Ccahuilla (Prin-
gle 2580). :
A. pulvilligerum I.em, is prismaticum.
A. retusum S&S. is prismaticum.
ANHALONIUM RUNGEIT Hildm.

Sandy loam, in the foot of high moun-
tains, Coahuila (C. Runge).
A. SULCATUM S.
A. TRIGONUM Web.
A. turbinofirme Web.

A. williamsii F, is Echinocactus Willi-
amsii Lem.

Genus APOROCACTUS Lemaire.

A. Baumannii Lem, is Cereus Bauman-
nii Lem fide KS.
A. co’ukbrnus' Lem,

mannii fide KS.
A. flagelliform’s Lem, is Cereus flagelli-
formis Mill fide KS.

is Cereus Bau-

3 Cacti.—Orcutt. 4

ARIOCARPUS Scheidw.

Karl Schumann revives this name in
his publications, but we prefer to retain
the name Anhalontm, which has been
in universal use, among botanists and
horticuiturists alike, for more than fifty
years.

A. aselliformis Web, is Anhalonium asel-

1 forme
A. fissuratus KS, is Anha'‘onium fissur-

atum.

A. Kctschubeyarus KS.
sulcatum.

A, retusus Scheidw, is Anhalonium pris-
maticum lem.

A. suleatus KS, is Anhalonium sulcatum.

A. tr'gonus KS, is Anthalonium trigonum

A. Williamsii Voss, is Echinocactus Wil-
liamsii.

Genus

is Anhalonium

Genus ASTROPHYTUM Lemaire.

A. asterias em Cact 50, based on Echin-
ocactus asterias.

A. capricorne Hort, based on Echinocac-
tus capricornis.

ASTROPHYTUM MYRIOSTIGMA Lem.

The Bishop’s Hood; an odd and beauti-
ful spineless plant from Mexico, resem-
bling a piece of carved stone.

A. prismaticum Lem. Cact 50, error for
myriostigma.

CACTUS ALTERNATUS Coulter.

“Subg.obose, 10 cm. in diameter, -simple:
tubercles long (15-20 mm) and spreading,
with woolly axils: radial spines 3, rigid
and| recurved, 5 mm long; central spines
3, very stout and much recurved, 20-30 mm
long, alternating with the radials; all
ashy colored and often twisted: flower
and fruit unknown: Type, in Herb. Coul-
ter. San Luis Potosi (Eschauzier of
1891).’,—Coulter Cont U S Nat Hb 3:95
CACTUS BRUNNEUS Coulter.

“Obovate-cylindrical, 3 by 6 em, simple.
tubercles ovate, grooved to the base, 5-6
mm long, with woolly axils: radial spines
11-15, spreading, rather rigid and brown-

ish (lighter with age), 8-i0 mm long; cen-
tral spine much larger, 20 mm long,
hooked: fiower and fruit unkneown. Type
in Herb. Coulter. San Luis Potosi (Hs-
chauzier of 18£1).’,"—Coulter Cont U S Nat
Eli S217.

CACTUS DENSISPINUS Coulter.

“Globose, 7.5 cm in diameter, simple:
tubercles short, with woolly axiis: radia.
spines about 25, erect-spreading, slende.
but rigid, yellow (brownish to black with
age), unequal, &8-l0 mm long; centra
spines 6, a little longer (10-12 mm) and
straight, more rigid and darker, black
tipped: seeds obovate, reddish-brown, ~
mm long. Type in Herb. Coulter. Sar.
Luis Potosi (Eschauzier of 1891). Very
easily distinguished by its dense, erecr
spines, which so completely cover the
plant as to give it the appearance of a
large chestnut burr.’’—Coulter Cont U §&
Nat Hb 3:96-97.

Mammillaria castanoides, M. Wegner:
M. densispina, and M. fuscata, are prob
ably all identical with this species.
CACTUS ESCHAUZIERI Coulter.

“Depressed-globose, 3 cm in diameter,
simple: tukercles broader at base, 6-8 mm
long, with naked axis: spines all pubes-
cent; radials 15-20, with dusky tips, the
lateral 10-12 mm long, the lower weake..
shorter and curved, the upper shorter,
solitary central spine reddish, slende:,
somewhat twisted, usually hooked up-
wards, 15-20 mm long: flowers red (?):
fruit reddish (?), ovate, about 10 mmr
long: seeds reddish, oblique-obovate, 1.2
mm long, pitted, with subventral hilum.
Type in Herb. Coulter. San Luis Potos.
(Eschauzier of 1891)."-—Coulter Cont U &
Nat Hb 3:104.

CACTUS MACULATUS Coulter.

cm, simple: t

“Obovate-cylindrical, 6 by 8 em, some-
what cespitose: tuberc'es ovate, terete, 10
mm long, grooved to the base, with na-
Ked axils: radial spines 10 or 11, straight
and spreading, rigid, blackish (becoming
ashy with age), black-tipped, 12 mm long:
central spine large, more or less spotted.
erect, 25-35 mm long: flower 13 mm long,
pinkish: fruit unknown. Type in Herb.
Coulter, San Luis Potosi (Eschauzier of
1891).",—Coulter Cont U S Nat Hb 3:117.

CACTUS PRINGLEI Coulter.

“Globose (?), 5 em in diameter: tuber
cles short-conical, about 6 mm long, with
very woolly axils: radial spines 18-20, se
taceous-bristly and radiant, 5-8 mm long,
central spines 5-7 (usually 6), stout ana
horny, more or less recurved, spreading
20-25 mm long; all straw-colored. but the
centrals darker: flowers deep red (dark
er, even brownish outside), 8-10 mm long:
fruit unknown. Type, Pringle of 1891 1a
Herb. Gray.’’—Coulter, Cont U S Nat Hb
3:109.

Genus CEPHALOCERUS Pfeiffer.

Cc. CHRYSOMALLUS KS.

Erect, branching like a candelabra, 10-15
feet high ,stems 3-6 inches in diameter;

JIT SIUWIDNONVIUL SOHYHOD wmyresuq SNALNVDID SOAUAD

yser0urad *{ "mM Aq ‘f6gr ‘yy A#1aAdo>r
: — ~~

Copyright, 1894, by W. J. Demorest

ECHINOCACTUS GRUSONII Hildm.

Ss iS

Copyright, 1804, by W. J. Derorest

CEREUS MARGINATUS DC.

7 Cacti.—Orcutt. 8

young plants with 17 obtuse ribs and
deep intervals, 12-13 ribs in older plants
and more obtuse, areolae %.inch apart;
1U-12 radial spines, slender. straw-co ored,
centrals 4-5, the lower cne the longest,
the upper portion of the older or florifer-
ous stems supplied with numerous ciliary
white spines, espe7ially abundant on the
side where the ficwers are piojuced: flow-
er 2 inches across, 4 inecnes long (includ-
ing the ovary); about 25 long narrow
scales on ovary with 6-12 fine white hairs
1%-1 inch long in the ax'ls, ovary apple
green etals about :0,8-!0 mm bkroal,
nearly 20 long, acute, white; sepals
equally numerous, brownish white; style
2% inches long, whitish, nearly equalling
the petals: fi:aments white, anthers an
eighth inch long and pale yellow. Flower
deeply embedded in a mass of persistent
hairs an inch long and of a snowy white
—tinged with yellow occasionally at the
tips. Fruit rearly elovular, 1% inches
long. dull purrle w'th a bluish bloom;
remains of flower persistent; the minute
scales and hairs abundant or nearly ab-
sent; cuter skin 4 inch thick. dull purple,
the edible pulp tright m-ge2nta. rather
insipid, sweetish. seeas |} lack. Vieia, or
Olt Woman cactus of the Mexicans.
States of Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico
(Orcutt 26/9, 2679).

C. COLUMNA-TRAJANI KS.

Erect, 15-20 feet) high, 2-3 short branch-
es slightly divergent from the main stem
a few feet from the ground: 5-7 radial
sp’nes one-fourth to three-fourths inch
long. 1 central %-2 inches long, rarely a
shor‘er central or ralial above; radials
laterally disposed except the !owest, all
ashy black. Ribs 11-13 in young plants,
obtuse with shallow intervals. Te-te-cho
of the Mexicans, who describe the fruit
as sweet ard edible, the flower as red.
States of Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico
(Oreutt 2706).

Cc. Hoppenstedtii KS, is Pilocerus Hop-
penstedtii Web fide KS.

Cc. MACROCEPHALUS Web.

C. MELOCACTUS KS.

C. SENILIS Pf.

Genus CEREUS Haworth.

“Flowers about as long as wide or elon-
gated. Scales of the ovary distinct, with
naked or woolly axils, or almost obso’ete
and the axils spiny. Berry succulent,
covered with spines or scales or almost
naked. Seeds black, without albumen.
Embryo short and straight or curved or
hocked; coty edons usually contrary to
the sides of the seed.—Plants of all sizes,
low or climbing or erect, sometimes enor-
mous; spine-bearing areo'ae on vertical
ribs. Flowers from the older or, at least,
fully formed parts ef the plant, not from

any preformed areo'ta, but bursting
through the epidermis just above the

bunches of spines; some cpen only in sun-
light, others only at night, others again
are not thus influenced. Fruit often edi-
ble, sometimes of very large size.’’—E.

Subzgenus EUCEREUS. , “Prismatic or
evlindric, mostly branching: flowers usu-
ally longer than wide: stigmas whitish:
seeds obovate, usually smooth or pitted:

emb:yo with folacesus curved

co_yle-
dons.’’—E.

CEREUS COLUBRINUS Otto.

CEREUS ACULEATUS Otto.
CEREUS ALAMOSENSIS Coulter.

Sina spinosa of Sonora; 2-8 feet high, 2-
10 branches from the base with joints 1-4
feet long, flexuous or decumbent, often
forming arches and rooting at the joints,
and thus spreading over wide areas, some-
times 100 feet in diameter or more; ribs
about 7, slightly tuberculated. The bright

9 Cacti.—Orcutt.

red flowers slightly resemble those of C.
flagelliformis.

CEREUS AMBLYCGONUS G. Don.
CEREUS AMECAENSIS Heese.
CEREUS ANDALGALENSIS Weh.
CEREUS AREOLATUS Mueh.

Andes, South America.

CEREUS ARMATUS Otto.
CEREUS ASSURGENS Gris.

West Indies. °
CEREUS AUREUS KS.

CEREUS AZUREUS Parm.
CEREUS BARBATUS Otto.
CEREUS BAUMANNII Lem.

Paraguay Republic, South America.

Variety COLUBRINA KS.
Variety FLAVISPINA KS.
Variety SMARAGDFLORA Web.
CEREUS BAXANIENSIS Karw.

Mexico.

CEREUS BENECKII Eh.

Aborescent and branching after the
habit of Cereus geometrizans, 6-7 ribbed;
areclae %4 inch apart, woolly, bearing §
radial spines % inch or less long, and 1
central 1-3 inches long, curved upward,
all ash colored; fruit globose, % inch in
diameter, dull purple; remains of flower
usually deciduous leaving a large ash-
colored sear; seeds large, 26-8) in each
berry. Tne be-ta-zo-vo of the Indians.
In aspect of plant and fruit this closely
resembles the garambulio (Cereus geo0-
meitrizans). Near Oaxaca, Mexico (Or-
eutt 2709).

CEREUS BERTINII L’Her.

Paraguay Republic, South America.
CEREUS BLANKII Pos.

CEREUS BOECKMANNII Otto.

West Indies.

CEREUS BONARIENSIS Sw.
CEREUS BONPLANDTI Parm. .

Paraguay Republic, South America.
CEREUS BRACHIATUS Gal.

Tehnuacan, Puebla, Mexico.

Cereus bradtianus C, is Opuntia cerei-
formis Web fide KS.

CEREUS BRANDII H Angel.
CEREUS BRIDGESII S.
Bolivia, South America.
CEREUS CAESIUS Otto.
CEREUS CANDELARIUS Hort.
CEREUS CANDICANS Gill.
Argentine Republic.
CEREUS CAVENDISHII Mony.
CEREUS CHALYBAEHUS Otto.
Argentine Republic.
CEREUS CHILENSUS Colla.
Chile, South America.
CEREUS CHIOTILLIA. Web.
Arborescent, 20 feet high, branching
freely a foot or so above the ground, the
older branches 6 inches in diameter, the
tips of the branches 2% inches in diame-
ter with densely woolly ovate or shield-
shaped areolae, bearing the terminal

1fe)

CERHUS DASYACANTHUS Engelm.

flowers and fruit. The tree often of an
umbrella shave, or the _ interlocking
branches curving or twist ng in any other
than a symmetrical manrer. Ribs 6-3,
acute, with sharp intervals; areolae 4
inch across, % inch long, nearly or quite
contiguous; 1 stout, terete, ashy, central
spine 44-2 inches long or less—often 2 or 3
short centrals above % inch long, erect;
radials about 12, 4 inch long, curved in-
ward, all but the lowest laterally dis-
posed, spines all nearly white when
young. Called ‘tiotilla’ by the Indians.
who gather quantities of the fruit for the

markets of Tehuacan in June for 1 cent.

Fruit 1% inch diameter, slightly longer,
remains of the flower persistent; color
dull dark red, with 25-30 thin semi-trans-
parent triangular scales—the base and
sides equal—about three-eighths of an
inch; pulp dark purple, with numerous
black seeds. State of Oaxaca, Mexico
(Orcutt 2648, 2666). Flower 1% inches
across, bright lemon yellow (27 Je 1902).

CEREUS CLAVIFORMIS R-K.

CEREUS COERULESCENS S&.
Argentine Republic.

‘CEREUS COLUBRINUS Otto.

An erect-growing Cuban plant, night-
blooming, the fragrant white flowers 6
imches across.

CEREUS COLUMNARIS Lodd.
CEREUS COMETES Scheidu.
CEREUS CONCINNUS Hee.

CEREUS ENNEACANTHUS Engelm.

CEREUS COQUIMBANUS KS.
Chile, South America.

CEREUS CORYNE Otto.
Argentine Republic.
CEREUS COSSIRENSIS Tineo.
CEREUS CRENATUS Lab.
Cereus Cumengei Web, is Summosus.
CEREUS CURVISPINUS Bert.
CEREUS DAMARCARO Hee.
CEREUS DECORUS Lodd.
CEREUS DONKELAERI S.
CEREUS DUMORTIERI S.
Mexico.
CEREUS DUSSII KS.
Guadeloupe Island, West Indies.

CEREUS EBURNEUS 5S.
Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico.

CEREUS EMORYI E.

San Diego’s Velvet Cactus. This is one
of the best-known of California cacti, the
slender, thickly-set yellowish spines giving it
a@ peculiarly beautiful appearance. The spines
on the young joints are shorter, soft and flexu-
ous; the flowers are yellowish, followed by 4
small edible fruit.

CEREUS ERUCA Brandegee.
“Prostrate, very rarely branched, 13-
ribbed, 3-4 feet long, 3-4 inches in diam-

ter: rooting from the under side of the
older growth, decaying at one end and

growing forward at the other, generally
in patches of 20-30, probably originating
from a common center; areolae 4-6 mm in
diameter, separated about the same dis-
tance; spines about 20, stout, ash-colored,
less than an inch long, the exterior cylin-
drical, the interior stouter, angular, some-
what and the lower central one much flat-

Cacti.—Orcutt.

I2

tened, more than an inch long, angular,
strongly reflexed. Common on the sand
of Magdalena island and about San Jorge,
Baja California. Its local name is ‘chil-
enola.” The manner of growth, with up-
lifted heads and prominent reflexed
spines, gives the plants a resemblance to
huge caterpillars.”—Brandegee, Cal ac pr
Sr 2, 2:loa, t 7.

CEREUS EUCHLORUS Web.

Brazil, South America.

CEREUS EUPHORBIOIDES Haw.
Brazil, South America.

CEREUS EXTENSUS S&.

CEREUS FASCICULARIS Meyen.
Peru, South America.

CEREUS FLAGELLIFORMIS Haworth.
The well-known whip-cord or Rat’s-tail Cac~-
tus, so useful in hanging baskets or for graft-
ing on columnar species; the bright rose-col-
ored flowers are extremely attractive.

Variety LEPTOPHIS KS.

CERBUS FORBESII Otte.
Argentine Republic.

CEREUS FUNKII KS.
CEREUS GEMMATUS

CEREUS GHIESBREGHTII KS.
Mexico.
CEREUS GLAUCESCENS Tweed.

CEREUS GLAZIOVIL KS.
Brazil, South America.

CEREUS GLYCIMORPHUS Orcutt.
Echinocereus glycimorphous Foerst.

CEREUS GRANDIFLORUS Haworth.
Miller, Gard Dictionary, ed, n 11. ‘‘The
night-flowering cereus has gained a fame
which entitles it to prominent notice, and
plants might well be included in every garden,
for its flowering is a source of interest to the
least observant persons.’’—Castle.
CEREUS GRANDIS Haw.

CEREUS GREGGII Engelm.

Grege’s night blooming cactus occurs
in the arid regions of Southern Ari-
zona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua
and Sonora, and is notable for its large
tuberous root and slender inconspic-
uous stems, 1 to 3 or 4 feet high, a half
inch in diameter. Flower 6 inches long,
2 inches in diameter, with pale, purple
petals, followed by the smooth, oval,
acuminate, scarlet fruit, succulent,
crowned with the remains of the cor-
olla, and suported by a distinct stipe of
a bright crimson.

CEREUS GUMMOSUS Engelm.

The pitahaya agria, or cord-wood
eactus, of Lower California, is noted
for its large, bright, scarlet fruit, pos-
sessing a delicious flavor, pleasantly

13

acid, like a strawberry, the pulp the
eolor of a ripe watermelon, with the
small black: seeds scattered throughout.
The flowers are 4 to’5 inches long, pur-
ple, and quite handsome. The stems
are 4 to 10 feet high, 3 to’5 inches im
diameter, armed with stout angular,
bldckish spines.

CEREUS HAAGEANUS S.
CEREUS HAMATUS Scheidw.-

Near Orizaba, Mexico.

CEREUS HANKEANUS Web.
CEREUS HETERACANTHUS Tweed
CEREUS HILDMANNIANUDUS KS.

State of Kio: de Janeiro, Brazih
CEREUS HIRSCHTIANUS KS.
CEREUS HOLLIAD US Weber.

“Pyarening from base. 4.5 m high anid
stout, dark-green; ribs 10-12, acute, ofters
oblique, with areolae 2-3 cm ayart: ra ial
spires about 12, irregular, 1-1.5 «m long;
centrals 3, the lower one 5-10 cm long and.
def exed; flowers near the summit, white,
1) cm long; fruit ‘as large as a goose
egg’, dark purplisH-red, bear-ng wool and
spines. Type Weber specimens in hb Mo
bot gard. Commo abcut Tehuacan, Pue-
bia. Important for its wood, which forms
long, straight rods used for poles in hedig-
¢s and vineyards.’—Coulter, Cont Na hb
3:411.

CEREUS HORIZONTALIS Gill-
CEREUS HUASCHA Web.

Areentine Republic.

CEREUS HYLACANTHUS KS.

Argentine Republic
CEREUS HYPAGAEUS Web.

CEREUS INERMIS P DC.

Near La Guayrd,, Venezuela.
CEREUS INVERSUS Otto.
CEREUS ITRRADIANS Lem.
CEREUS ISOGONUS) KS.

Andes, South Amefica.

CEREUS JACQUINII Rebut. t
CEREUS JAMACARW P DC-

Brezil, South America.

CEREUS JUSBERTII Rebut.
CEREUS KARSTENII 8.
CHREUS KARWINSKIE Hge.
CEREUS KERBII KS.

Colima, Mexico.

CEREUS LAMPROCHLORUS Lem,

Argentine Republce.

CEREUS LANCEANUS Hort.
CEREUS LANICEPS KS.

Bolivia, South America.
CEREUS LEMATREI Hook.

West Indies.

CUREVE LEPIDOTUS §S

Near La Guayra,, Venezuela.

CEREUS LEPTACANTHUS 6&8.
CEREUS LINDBERGIANUS Web.

Paraguay Republic, South America.
CEREUS LINDMANNII Web.

Paraguay Republic, South America.

Gacti.—Orcutt: Al

CEREUS PECTINATUS Engelm,

CEREUS. LINKI3 Hort.

CEREUS LONGIFOLIUS Karw.
CEREUS LORMATUS Grus.
©&REUS MACDONALDIAE Hook
CERBUS MACROGONUS S&.

State of Kio de Janeiro, Brazil.
CEREUS MALLETIANUS Cels.
CEREUS MALEISONI Hort.

CEREUS MARTIANUS Zucc.
CEREUS MARTINII Lab.

CEREUS MAYNARDII Paxt-
CEREUS MELANURUS KS.

Brazil, South America.

CEREUS MICRACANTHUS P DC.
CEREUS MONVILLEANUS Web.
CEREUS MULTANGULARIS Haw.

Andes, South America, probably Perw-
CEREUS MULTIPLEX Hort.
CEREUS NAPOLEONIS R. Graham

West Indies. }
Cereus Nickelsi Hort,

columna-trajani.
CEREUS NYCTICALUS Link.
CEREUS OBTUSANGULUS KS.

State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
CEREUS OCAMPONIS S.

_ Climbing over trees, fences or ho :
jonts 3-tocommonly 4-sided, 1 or. Ztoeeeat
long, young growth even ¢-ribbed: areolae
1-149 inches apart, tomentose, commonly
7 rajias and 1 central spines; radials
rarely over 1 mm ,central rarely 6 mm
fong, stout, straight or slightly curved.

is Cephafocereus

WRN SNVZIYZLANOWD SNHYHO

ysorousg *f "A Aq ‘t6gr “uAlAdoa

S

oe tate eye eee esta ae

Copyright, 1894, by W. J. Demorest.

Copyright, 1894, by W. J. Demorest.

CEREUS SARGENTIANUS Orcutt. CEREUS SPNILIS Salm-Dyck.

7

Stems dark green, 3 inches thick, the ribs

scaicely an eighth ineh thick, strongly
‘crenuiate, bearing the arecla> at the
-Stmmit. Flower whit:, style 7 inches

long; stigmata 14, s.ender, white, nea:ily
% inch ;ong; ovary elob se, an ‘n-h in
diameter, covered ‘ ith about 0 tuberce;
surmounted with minute scales (the to-
mentose axils commonly bear-ng 2 wh'te
spines); tube of co ola 5 i ‘thes lo g,
bearing -56 or m-r- similar scales with
tomentose and spiny axils; filam nts) and
large anthers appa.ently white (i dre}
flower), retals narrow, acuminate, 1%
inches long, extend ng three-fourths inch
heyond the filaments. Nopale, or Nova-

lita de Cruz, of the Ind'‘ans; 15-20 fest
high; cultivated in gerdens for its fruit
(?). States cf Puebla and Oaxaca, Mex-

ico (Oreutt 2709).
‘CEREUS PAFILLOSUS A. Lke.
‘CEREUS PARVIFLORUS KS.
Bolivia, South America.
CEREUS PARVISETUS Otto.
‘CEREUS PASACANA Web.
Argentine Republic.
CEREUS PAUCISPINUS E.
CEREUS PAXTONIANUS Monv.
CEREUS PERUVIANUS Mill.
Peru, South America.
Variety MONSTRUOSA P DC.
CEREUS, PITAHAYA P DC.
Brazil, South America.
CEREUS PLATYGONUS Otto.
CEREUS POLYRHIZUS Web.
CEREUS POMANENSIS Web.
Argentine Republic.
CEREUS PTEROGONUS Lem.
CEREDS PULCHELLUS Pf.
CEREUS QUADRICOSTATUS Bello.
West Indies.
CPREUS QUERETARENSIS Weber.
“Tree-like, much branched, 6-8 m high;
flowers 10-12 em long; ovary covered with
‘triangular fleshy scales which arise from
a tubercle and bear axillary wool and
spines; fruit densely covered with bunch-
es of dark-yellowish or brownish spines
bulbous at base. Type, Weber specimens
in hb Mo bot gard. In the vicinity of Que-
retaro, Mexico, and cultivated along road-
sides and fence rows.’’—Coulter, Cont Na

hb 3:410.

CEREUS REPANDUS Haw.

CEREUS RIGIDISPINUS Monv.

Probably from the Andes (not Mexico,

fide KS).

CEREUS RUFERI Hee.

CEREUS RUSSELLIANUS Forb.

CEREUS SALM-DYCKIANUS Web.

CEREUS SAXICOLA Morong.

CEREUS SCHOMBURGKII Otto.

CEREUS SEPIUM P DC.

CEREUS SERPENTINUS P DC.
Mexico.

CEREUS SETACEUS S§.

Brazil, South America.
Cereus simonii Hilldm,
sis C.

is C. alamcsen-

Cacti:-—Orcutt.

18

OLD MAN CACTUS.

Cereus sororimsis alamo-

sensis C.

CEREUS .SPACHIANUS Lem.

Argent*‘ne Republ ec
‘CEREUS SPECIOSSIMUS DC.
CEREUS SPECIOSUS KS.

Variety COCCINEA KS.
CEREUS SPINULOSUS P DG.

Mexico.

CEREUS SPLENDIDUS Paxt.
CEREUS STELLATUS Pf.
CEREUS STELLIGER Ctto.
CEREUS STOLONIFER Web.
CEREUS STRIATUS Brandegee.

Cereus digueti Weber, Mu d’hist nat,b,
1895, 319.

Apparently not rare in saline soil near
Batamotal, Sonora, where it is known by
the name sa-ra-ma-tra-ca; the tubers ‘are
produced abundantly like small potatoes.
CEREUS STRIGOSUS Gill.

Argentine Republic.

CEREUS SUBFLAVISPINUS Otto.
CEREUS SUBINERMIS Hem.
CEREUS SUBINTORTUS Otto.
CEREUS TENUISSIMUS G. Don.
CEREUS TEPHRACANTHUS Lab.

Bolivia, South America.

CEREUS TETAZO Weber.

“Stout, branching, 10-15 m high; flowers
greenish-white, 6 cm long, in clusters of
10-20 from the youngest areolae and with-
out any wool; fruit irregularly dehiscent,
exposing the ripe pulp. Type, Weber spe-
cimens in hb Mo bot gard. Zapatalan, Ja+
lisco.’’-—Coulter, Cont Na hb 3:409.
CEREUS TETRAGONUS Haw.
CEREUS TORTUOSUS Forb.

Argentine Republic.

Runge, is C.

Ig

CEREUS TRIGONUS Haw.

West Indies.
CEREUS TRINITATENSIS Lem.
CEREUS TUBEROSUS Pos.
CEREUS UNDULATUS H. Dresd.
CEREUS VERSCHAFFELTII Hge.
CEAEUS VIRENS P DC.

Subgenus LEPIDOCEREUS FE. Tall
cyl..aricai branching piants with the fio-
riterous and sieril arejiae bearing simi-
ar spies; flower tube short, stigmas
white, embryo curved.

Cereus bavesus Web.

Erect, rarcly Lranching, 8-12 or more
stems 1rom the same root, 10 or more feet
higii, 4 inches in diamete.; 1ibs 9, s.izhtly
obtuse wi.h sharply «aefined intzivals;
areolae an inch apart on ihe - Ider -tems:
iadial spines 15, 4-\% inch long, the lower
ones the longer, on the olu srowt. ai
st ut and absut &% i.ch long; cential
spines 4-6, the upper one-eighth inch 1lo.ug
ur more, the lowest citen 3 inches long,
-efl xed, twisted, flattened or carinate.
Flower 2 inches across, including the
ovary, 4 iuchcs iong; petals white, obtuse,
1% ‘nches long, the ‘6 siigmata, style and
anthers pale yellow, filaments white;
style 2 inches long. Fruit said to be red,
4 inches long, with black seeds; immature
frvit with atout 120 woolly areolae with
capillary spines in the axils of obsolete
se les or tuber les. ttate of Pueb'a,
Mexico (Oreutt 2625). Called ‘cardon’ by
the Indians, perhaps erroneously.

CEREUS CANDELABRUM Web.
Aborescent, 25 feet high, trunk 1-2 fest
in Ciamet«r, branchng freely 3-5 feet
from the ground, producing often 40 erect
growing stems in candelabra fo:m shad-
ing an area greater in diameter than the
height of the tree. Branches a foot in di-
ameter, 9-10 obtuse ribs with areolae 134
inch apart, when young, and densely
tomentose at the hase of spines; the older
areolae but slightly tomentose, the bases
of the spines often in close contact;
spines ashy, bulbous at base, flattened or
angular. Strong; the central 2 inches
lorg 7-9 radials, usually 3 laterally dis-
posed on each side and one below the cen-
tral. and more rarely 1-2 shorter radials
above; spnes mostly decid'o0-s on the
trunk and older branches, the persistent
areolae often enormously enlarged to a
height and diameter of 1-2 inches with
10-20 formidable subulate spines, the
longest 3 inches or more Jong. Flower
white, much resembling that of C. Pring-
lei: fruit ripens in the middle of May,
avll red. 3 inches Jong, 2 and' 2% in greater
and lesser diameter, pulp nurplish, swect,
edihle, but valved less than the nitalla
and other cactus fruits. About 30 triangu-
lar seales, hearirg in the ax‘ls densely
woolly areolae with 35 or more slender,
bristly. straight. white spines 4-% inch
jong, form the armament of the fruit—
the spiny areolae easily detached (or de-
eiduous?) at maturity. Fruit said to be
used in making a rleasant drink and
the seeds also utilized. The erect growth
of the numerous branches and the bricht
slaucous color renders th’s giant cactus
everywhere conspicuous. State of Oax-

Cacti.—Orcutt-

2

aca, Mexico (Orcutt 2673). Known to the
Indians as the ‘cardon’.

CEREUS ORCUTTII K Br.

“stems erect, pranching,. bright green,
reaching a hight of » m and a aiameter
or i5 cm, with hard wooay center; ribs
1n-18, about 1 cm high; arediae round.
about 6 mm in dia meter and about haif.
that distanee apart, aensely covered witn
short, light gray wvol; spines ali siender,
S.reaaing, yellow sh brown, irregularly
o-Seriate; radials 12-20, about 12 mm iong,
Ceficient above; intermediates about lv.
one-third to more than twice ionger, less,
spreading, one of the upper spines of this
row usually stouter and darker, porrect,
often reaching a length o fi cm; centrals
about 5, porrect-spreading a littie longer
than the intermeuiates; 110wers greenish
brown, darker outside. diurnal, about 4
em entire length; petals short apiculate;
Ovary densely covered with short scales,
almost completely concealed by thick.
rounded tufts of yellowish wool, in which
are embedded dark brown bristles 4-6
mm lcng; stam<ns lining the upper half
of the tube; style ti-s acute: frvit not
known.’’—Katharine Brandegee, Zoe, 5:2
(je 1600).

Near Rosario, Baja California. Dense-
ly ecvered with bright yellowish brown
spines; fruit the ‘size of an cra ge’;
ealled pitalla dulee.

CEREUS PRINGLEI S. Watson.

The Cardon is the giant cactus of
Lower California and Sonora, where it
forms forests, attaining a height of 20
to 35 feet. The ribs are usually 13, and
it differs from the giant cactus of Ari-
zona (Cereus giganteus) in that the
spine bearing areolae on the ribs are
connected by wooly grooves. The trunk
is often 3 to 4 feet in diameter: the
older portions of the branches usually
quite thornless. The dead wood is used
for fuel, but otherwise this mammoth

production of the desert seems to be
without use.

CEREUS THURBERI Engelm.

The Pitahaya Duke is an abundant
species in Sonora and portions of
Lower California, also said to occur in
southern Arizona. It grows from 5
to 20 feet high, many stems 6 to 10
inches in diameter from the same base,
oearing greenish or reddish white
white flowers followed by large luscious
fruit, rather too sweet it is said for
northern palates. It was named in
honor of George Thurber, a widely re-
nowned botanist.

Subgenus PILOCEREUS E. “Tall, cyl-
indric, mostly unbranched; upper fiower-
bearing portion with more crowded areo-
lae and longer, denser, thinner bristles
or hairy spines: flowers short: seeds as in
Eucereus.’’—F.

i»

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